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THE LIBRAR
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The Optqrjo Institute
for Studies in Education
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PENNSYLVANIA'S
Soldiers' Orphan Schools.
DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' SCHOOLS, |
Harrisburo, March 15, 1876. j
It aflbrds me no ordinary degree of satisfaction to bear testimony to the
moeancj and official character of this volume, prepared by Colonel James L.
Paul, CSiief Clerk of the Orphan School Department. His abundant oppor-
tunities for obtaining materials, and his known industry and ability, are a suffi-
denl guarantee that the work is complete, readable, and reliable.
To tell how a great State has expended over five millions of dollars in main-
and educating over eight thousand children, made fatherless by the
of war, is a laudable and grateful undertaking.
8ach a narratiTe forms a history of one of the grandest achievements of
humanity, and constitutes a most appropriate contribution from our State, with
which to crown the centennial year of our national independence.
J. P. WiCKERSHAM,
Supt. Public Instruction.
EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, 1
Harrisburo, Pa., March 16, 1876. )
Col. Jambb L. Paul, Chief Clerk of the Orphan School Department of
PefiMylrania, having been intimately associated for years with the direction
and control of tlie orphan schools, and being so well fitted by intelligence and
•docation, ha* told the story of their origin, progress, and benefits in a manner
ntUalag great credit ui)on himself and the Commonwealth. I cheerfully
commend hb work to the i)eople of Pennsylvania, who have so generously and
p uriotically Mintaiued the orphan school system.
J. F. Hartranft.
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PENNSYLVANIA'S
Soldiers' Orphan Schools,
GIVING A
BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN OF THE LATE CIVIL WAR, THE
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE ORPHAN SYSTEM, AND
LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS REUTING THERETO;
WITH
BRIEF SKETCHES AND ENGRAVINGS OF THE
SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS, WITH NAMES
OF PUPILS SUBJOINED.
'God is pleased with no music below so much as the thanksgiving songs of reliered
widows, of supported orphans." — Jeremy Tatlob.
BY
JAMES LAUGHEEY PAUL,
CHIEF CLERK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
HARRISBURG, PENNA.
jUnslratf^ bg f reAwick Jfaas.
PHILADELPHIA:
CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFENGER,
624, 626 & 628 Market Street.
1876.
Gotered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by
JAMES LAUGHEEY PAUL,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
■^
3. PAOAN * BON,
ILB0TB0TTPER8, PHILAD'A. ^^
-^^yx ^
S«lh«lm«r L Moore, Prtnt*r«-
601 Cheatnai £ treei.
^iliatj} \\h fiflm^
TO THE
Fatherless Children of my Fallen Comrades,
AS
A TOKEN OF ESTEEM
FOR THE LIVING
AND A TRIBUTE OF REMEMBRANCE
Wo iht §mL
HE reason for presenting the history of the sol-
diers' orplian schools of the State to the public
at this time, is to enable our own people, as
well as tliose of sister States and foreign nations
that may take part in our Centennial Exhibition, to see
and comprehend the humanity, policy, and magnitude of
the work ; to help deepen the appreciation of the thou-
sands of unfortunate children who have enjoyed the benefits
of the system by informing them fully as to what the State
has done for them. Above all, to educate coming gen-
erations to the belief that if men fall on the battle-field or
in the discharge of the duties which they owe to the nation,
in the defence of Liberty, Justice, and Right, a loving and
God-fearing people will take their ofi:spring to themselves
as their own, and, so far as can be, fit them physically,
mentally, and morally for the stern . realities of this world
and the enjoyments of that which lies beyond.
Comprehending the importance of the work, and with a
modest hope of appreciation, the author has spared neither
time nor money in the preparation of this volume. He
now ofl:ers it to the public as a full and complete history of
the grand project, from the moment it was suggested to the
mind of Andrew G. Curtin, then Governor of the State,
by two soldiers' orphans asking for bread at the door of the
Executive Mansion, Thanksgiving morning, I^ovember 26,
1863, — until the present time; when, in the zenith of
prosperity — thanks to the munificence of the Pennsylvania
vii
viii PREFACE.
Railroad Company and the Legislature of the State — an
army of widows and orphans throughout the length and
breadth of the Commonwealth raise their voices in testi-
mony of the value of the great system, and pour their
heartfelt blessings on the heads of those who gave it birth
and the great State which has fostered it so tenderly.
The author, feeling conscious of his inability, while
pressed with other duties connected with its publication, to
give the work that literary finish its importance demanded,
was fortunate in securing, as an assistant in this respect, the
services of Rev. Columbus Cornforth, A. M. This gentle-
man's ripe scholarship, fine literary taste, coupled with an
experience of ten years in the practical workings of the
system as State Inspector and Examiner, rendered his
counsel and labors invaluable; and for his kind ofiices
grateful acknowledgments are tendered.
Acknowledgments are here warmly offered to the Prin-
cipals of the several Schools and Homes for their ready and
prompt cooperation in supplying facts and statistics relating
to the institutions over which they preside.
The author cannot take leave of the reader without ex-
pressing also his obligations to the Electrotype and Stereo-
type establishment of J. Fagan & Son, and to the proof-
readers, Messrs. Lorrilliere and Magee, whose critical liter-
ary judgment and typographic taste in reading and arrange-
ment, have been of great service in preparing the book for
prow*.
J. L. P.
Habrisburo, Pa.,
April 15, 1876.
^^^^i^i^;^^.
PART I
CIIArTER I.
The Conflict which Terminated in the War that made
THE Children Fatherless.
Pennsylvania's Thank-offering — Slavery in the Colonies — First Continental
Congress, 1774 — Carpenters' Hall — Articles of Confederation — Address to
the American People — Congress of 1776 — The First Compromise with
Slavery — The Expunged Charge against the Repudiated King — Artides.of
Confederation of 1781 — Constitution Adopted,1789 — Concessions to Slavery —
Slavery Excluded from the North-west Territory — Louisiana Purchase,
1803 — Slave Market — Missouri Admitted, 1820 — A Compromise — Texas
Packed — War of Conquest with Mexico — Wilmot Proviso — Gold Dis-
covered in California, 1848 — Compromise, 1850 — Anti-Slavery Organi-
zations— Repeal of the Missouri Compromise — Kansas-Nebraska Act —
Civil War Kindled — Republican Party Organized — Buchanan's Presidency
— Presidential Contest, 1860 — Abraham Lincoln Elected — Southern Con-
federacy— Lincoln Inaugurated — Fort Sumter — Civil War Begun — "Bat-
tle-Hymn "— Sacrifices of the War — Its Gains 17-28
CHAPTER II.
The "War Governor" and "Soldiers' Friend."
Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania, During the Civil War — His
Responsibility — His Devotiv,n to the Union — His Care for the Sol-
X CONTENTS.
CHAPTER III.
A Special Providence and the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company.
Thanksgiving — Soldiers' Orphans Ask for Food — A Meeting in the Academy
of Music, Philadelphia — Governor Curtin Pleads for the Orphans of Sol-
diers— Patriotic Meeting in Pittsburgh in July, 1862 — The Pennsylvania
Kailroad Company Proffers $50,000 31-34
CHAPTER lY.
The Rejected Stone.
The First Official Document — The First Attempt to Frame a Law to Establish
Schools — Dr. Wickersham's Bill — Special Message of the Governor — The
Debate— Wells' Substitute — The Original Bill and Substitute Fall — Act of
1864 — The Ingratitude of Legislators 35-43
CHAPTER V.
The System Organized.
Dr. Barrowefl appointed Superintendent — His Fitness — Plan under Act of
1864 — Office Opened, and Books and Blank Forms Originated — Blank Form
of Application for Admission — Homes for the Younger Children — Difficul-
ties in Finding Institutions for the Older Children — Pioneer Institutions —
Committees of Superintendence appointed — The Mothers' Prejudices —
Religion — SuperinU'ndent's First Report — The Foundation Laid 44-53
CHAPTER VI.
The System Imperilled.
M«Hige of the Ooyemor — Encouraging Words — Negle/a Bill — Proposes
to Abolljih the Schools, and give the Orphans into the Care of the Officers
of thf (Uimmnn Schools — $30 a year — Proposed Amendments — Bill Passes
tlie Houiw— Hill gom to the Senate— Remarks of Senators Wortliington,
WallMce, and Clymer— It Passes the Senate with Important Amendments —
rommiU«« of Conference — Act of 1865 — $7o,000 Appropriated — Demand
for more 8cboob — Remilti 54-60
CONTENTS. XI
CHAPTER VII.
The System Saved by the Orphans.
Discouragements — Governor's Message — McAfee's Bill — Warm Discussion
— Passes the House— rDestrnction of the System Threatened — Visit of the
Children to the Capitol — Dr. Burrowes Explains — Songs and Recitations —
Speech of Governor Curtin — Children and Teachers in Executive Chamber
-7- Children in Court-House — Hospitality of the Citizens — McAfee's Bill
Falls '. 61-76
CHAPTER VIII.
Additional Officers Appointed.
Amos Row, Examiner — Wm. L. Bear, Inspector 77, 78
CHAPTER IX.
The Officers and Principals in Council.
Industrial Feature Discussed 79
CHAPTER X.
A Trip to Philadelphia — The Orphans and the Battle-
Flags.
Schools Participating — Society of the Cincinnati — Flags for Pennsylvania
Regiments — Fourth of July, 1866 — Formal Return of the Flags — En-
thusiasm— General Meade's Address — Governor Curtin's Reply — The
Enviable Lot of the Fatherless 80-89
CHAPTER XL
Instructions Issued to the Principals.
School-room Duties to have Precedence — Every Pupil to have an Equal
Chance — Early Rising Condemned — Rest, Play, Exercise — Corporal
Punishment — Distribution of Time — Time; Rise; Eat; School; Worship
— Rules for the School-room — Duties of the Principal Teacher — To In-
struct; To Send out Classes; Receive Reports from Class Examiner, etc.
— Pupils not allowed Text-books out of School Hours — Few Studies —
xil CONTENTS.
Topicd Studj — General Reading — Dictionaries, Cyclopedias, etc. — Duties
of C'lajw Examiner — Number of Pupils, Teachers, and Class-rooms — Pro-
gramme —Work Details — Comfort — Labor — Employees— Kules for Order,
Neatnem, ajid Work — Wednesday Inspection — Food — Clothing — Inspec-
tion of New Pupils, and Care of Sick — Religious Instruction and Worship
— Sunday Observances — Home Correspondence — Visits of Mothers —
Vacations '. 90-107
CHAPTER XIL
The Results at the Close of the Year 1866.
MoreSchooU Established — Results Tabulated 108, 109
CHAPTER XIII.
The Rejected Stone Becomes the Head of the Corner.
The System Recognized by Statutory Law — Law of 1867 — In Sympathy with
Established Plan — Dr. Bnrrowes' Success- His Tenure of Office Ex-
pires 110-114
CHAPTER XIV.
The Trust in !N'ew Hands.
John White Geary — Extracts from his Annual Messages — Appointments —
George Fi«her McFarland — Columbus Cornforth — Mrs. E. W. Hutter —
John Dickie Shryock — James L. Paul — Edmund K. Sutton 115-121
CHAPTER XV.
The System Settled, and its Difficulties.
Deficit — Rates Reduced — Schools Crowded — System not Perfected — Colored
Soldien^ Orphans — A Circular — More Schools Established — Forms for
Bqwrti— Weekly; Monthly; Annual 122-130
CHAPTER XVI.
Education and Training.
3nMUd Coane of Study ~ Annual Examinations — Industrial Instruction —
R«ligkNM Training 131-134
CONTENTS. Xlll
CHAPTER XVII.
Loans and Taxation.
Act of 1868 and Supplement — Schools Receiving Loans — Exempt from
Taxation — The Act — Supplement 135-137
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Trust Confided to the Superintendent of Public
Instruction.
t
Superintendent Wickersham Calls a Meeting of Principals — Inspection Re-
port— Diploma — Course of Study Modified — Change in the Manner of
Supplying Clothing — Rates per Ajinum per Pupil allowed by the State —
Cost of Clothing — Manner of Keeping Accounts — Wood-cuts of Orphans —
Dress Described 138-146
CHAPTER XIX.
John Frederick Hartranft.
He Commands in more than a Score of Battles — Complimented by the Govern-
ment— The Soldiers' Orphans at his First Inaugural — The Inptitutions
Participating — His Words of Encouragement to them — Extracts from his
State Papers — His Second Inaugural 147-149
CHAPTER XX.
Grand Army of the Republic.
Their Sympathy and Services to the Orphans — Normal School Training
Secured through them — Other Advantages Secured — Kindness and Timely
Aid 150-153
CHAPTER XXI.
Inside View.
Scholastic Training and Systematic Labor — Extract from Inspector Comforth's
Report of 1864 — Harmonious Working of the Industrial Departments and
the Scliool-room — Programme — Home Comforts and Privileges — Good
Health of the Children — Culture and Education — Elevating Influences of
the Schools upon Society — Conclusion 154-160
j^y CONTENTS.
PART II.
SCHOOLS, HOMES, AND ASYLUMS.
PAGES
Bibd'8-eye View of Pennsylvania's Soldiers' Orphan Schools. 163-167
NoBTHEBH Home fob Fbiendless Children, and Soldiers' and
Saii/)B8' Orphan Institute 169-188
Pa&adise School • 189-195
McAlwterv I lle School 196-213
<irAKERTOWN SCMOOL 214-219
Moi NT Joy School 220-238
Emmaus Orphan House. 239-241
Dayton School 242-255
Obakoeville School 256-264
Habpord School 265-277
North Sewickley School 278-282
CamvilleScho,., 283-299
Soldiers' OnpH.\N Home 300-303
PuiLLiPsm i;.,n S. iiMoi 304-319
JACMOirviLLE School 320-325
TTkiovtown' .School - 326-338
MAN Catholic Orphan Asylum 339-340
I'i: :j : A.NT ORPHAN AsYUM OF PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY 341-348
r IIoMK As- H 1 mimx 349,350
351-365
! iM ANiowx 366-369
370-375
'' i: r in: Friendless 376-379
380-389
390-395
396-408
^ " 409-424
III) W'fUm F0« FRIEVDLEBB Clin.iui >, i.i; nil; HoROUGH OF
WlUUDttAEREAHDTHBCODKTV OF Ll. 425-430
OnjBCB Home for Children (Kpiscor , ,.i:a. IMiila-
WttFHU 431-437
CONTENTS. XV
PAGES
St. James' Orphan Asylum 438
Bridoewater School 439-446
Bethany Orphans' Home (Woraelsdorf) 447-450
Tressler Orphans' Home 451-458
Home for Friendless Children for the City and County of
Lancaster 459-465
Mercer School 466-479
Mansfield School 480^92
Industrial School 493, 494
Butler Orphan Home 495-499
St. John's Orphan Asylum 500-502
Catholic Home 503, 504
St. Vincent's College 505-510
Orphans' Home 511
"Children's Home," of York 512-515
St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum 516,517
Orphans' Farm School 518
Nazareth Hall 518
Pennsylvania Training-school for Feeble-minded Children.. 518, 519
Out-door Relief ; 520
|(ntt$tr8ii0t|$,
»rATi Capitol, Harbisburo Frontispiece.
JamibL. Paul. Facing page 17
Andrew G. CuRTiN " " ^9
Thomas H. BuRRowES " " ^
JoHH W. Geary " " 1^^
Gbobob F. McFakland " "^ H^
Columbus CoRNFORTH " " ^^
Mrs. Elizabeth E. HuTTER " " ^^
JaMBB P. WiCKERSHAM " " l^^
John F. Hartranft " " ^^'^
Northern Home FOR Friendless Children " " 169
MacGrBOOR J. MiTCHESON " " 171
E.W.HuTrER " " 172
Soldiers' Orphan Institute " " 173
John W. Claohorn " " 175
McAlisterville School " " 196
Mount Joy School. " " 220
Dayton School " " 242
Habford School " " 265
Casbville School " " 283
Philliphburoh School (Front View)... " " 304
Philup»buroh School (South Side) " " 305
DBioiitowH School " " 326
Pbotebtant Orphan Asylum of Pittsburgh and Alle-
gheny " " 341
White Hall School " " 351
Andersonburo School " " 370
I^ncoln Institution " " 380
Gem. Gboboe G. Meade. " " 882
Educational Home " " 390
Chbiteb Sprinos School " " 409
Church Home for Children (Episcopal), Angora, Phila-
delphia " " 431
Bbiduewatkr School " " 439
Tbbmlbr Orphans' Home " " 451
Mbbcbe School " " 466
Mabifibld HcH(x>L " " 480
8r. Paul's Orphan Home, Butler " " 495
8r. VufCKnys Abbey AND College " " 505
OmMUDf*! UoMB, York " " 512
xvi
ikt^<zx^c^ oC^< a^tc<^K^
PEIsrNSTLTATsnA^S
SOLDIEES' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
CHAPTER I.
THE CONFLICT WHICH TERMINATED IN THE WAR THAT
MADE THE CHILDREN FATHERLESS.
O say that Pennsylvania stands £rst among the great sis-
terhood of States which compose the American Republic,
in the noble work of caring for the children made neces-
sitous by the casualties of war, is no empty boast It
would, in fact, be within the limits of truth to affirm that the Key-
stone State has done, and is doing, more to succor the offspring of
her soldiers who lost life or limb in their country's service, than all
the other States combined. Indeed, the annals of the race do not
furnish a similar instance where a State has adopted, as her special
wards, all the dependent children of her slain and crippled warriors.
In this ciiuse she has already given over five millions of dollars as
a thank-offering to the valor that saved the nation entire, when a
great and wicked rebellion threatened its dismemberment and ruin,
and gathered under her protecting and guiding care, from her cities,
her hamlets, her valleys, and her mountains, over eight thousand
children who represent either the grave or the mangled form of a
soldier. And the good work is still going on, and will continue till
every child of the class designated shall have passed beyond the
years of dependency.
But before giving an account of the origin and progress of this
great work, a hasty glance at the cause of the tremendous conflict
that made the children orphans will be in place. Such a war could
not have been provoked except for the passions excited in the defence
of slavery. Early in the history of the British colonies in North
2 17
18 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
America, negroes were imported into them and sold as slaves. The
accursed system of slave labor was introduced and perpetuated with
the sanction of no law but that of common consent. The descendants
of the Puritan and the Cavalier alike owned property in man. The
number of slaves in the Northern colonies, however, was never large.
This was due more to the ruggedness of the soil, and the severity of
the climate, than to the purity of their moral code. In the sunny
and luxurious South the African found a congenial sky, and her
fields, though tilled with unskilled hands, made rich returns. Here
the evil took deep root, and spread rapidly.
But when the colonists themselves were made to suffer beneath the
oppression of their mother country, they resented the wrong, and
demanded their rights as British subjects, and began to discourse
upon the blessings of liberty, and to discuss the nature of man's ina-
lienable rights. The duty of freeing themselves from political bond-
age worked a spirit of liberty which was hostile to personal slavery.
This fact is clearly seen in the records of the earliest measures taken
by the colonies to form a bond of union for their mutual protection.
For this purpose the first Continental or general American Congress
met, in 1774, in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, and adopted the
famous Articles of Confederation, which condemned, in the strongest
terms, the importation of slaves. There were present delegates from
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro-
lina, and South Carolina. The action of this body was heartily
approved by the masses of the people^ to whom the word "slave" was
becoming odious, save to a few sordid souls. After the lapse of more
than a century, we read with peculiar interest the following com-
ments upon this Congress, taken from a paper entitled Observations
Addrettned to the American People, published in Philadelphia, and
dated November 4, 1774:
"The leant deviation from the resolves of Congress will be treason against
the prenent inhabitants of the colonies — against the millions of nnborn genera-
lioiw who are to exist hereafter in America — against the only liberty and
liappincM which remain to mankind— against the last hopes of the wretched in
•▼•ry corner of the world ; in a word, it will be treason against God
Wt ore now laying the foundations of Amet^ican OomtUution. Posterity will most
probftbly meaRure their liljerties and happiness by the most careless of our foot-
•tep». I/et no unhallowed hand touch the precious seed of liberty. Let us form
ih© gloriuuN tree in such a manner, and impregnate it with such principles of
life, that It will InMt forever. . . . T almost ttush to live to hear the triumphs of
tht jubiUe in the year 1874; to see the modeh, pictures, fragmaiis of uritings, that
19
\ *
shall be displayed to revive the memory of the proceedings of the Congress of 1774. If
any adventitious circumstances shall give precedency on that day, it shall be to inherit
tfie blood, or even to possess the name, of a member of thai glorious assembly?*
How like a prophecy is the language of the ancient patriot !
Had the American people been true to the spirit of 1774, had they
preserved inviolate the Articles of Confederation, and had they
heeded the words of warning which issued from the press of that day,
and taken no false steps, how different would have been the condition
of our country on this Centennial year I There would have been no
sectional hates, no smothei^d feelings of revenge, and no backward
steps to be taken ! The imagination loves to dwell on the glorious
possibilities of a people severed from the traditional fetters of society
by the broad Atlantic, nurtured amid the wild freedom of the forest,
taught the love of liberty in the school of oppression, and enlightened
and guided by the holy oracles of Christianity !
The next general Congress of the American people was in 1776.
It was this body, as all the world knows, that made the immortal
Declaration of Independence, and held as self-evident truths " that
all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness ; " and " to secure these, governments are insti-
tuted among men." And yet, sad to relate, it is among the doings
of this Congress we find the first compromise with slavery. In the
original list of offences charged against the repudiated king of Great
Britain is the following serious accusation :
"He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most
sacred rights of life and liberty, in the persons of a distant people who never
offended hira, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemi-
sphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This pirat-
ical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian
king of Great Britain. Determined to keep a market where, men should be
bought and sold, he has at length prostituted his negative for suppressing any
legislative attempt to prohibit and restrain this execrable commerce."
This paragraph, being objected to by the Georgia delegation, was
expunged from the document for the sake of unanimity. What
misery this concession may have brought upon "millions of" then
" unborn generations " !
The Articles of Confederation, ado-pted in 1781, contained no recog-
nition of slavery. Evidences are numerous that at this time the lead-
ing men of the nation, North and South, looked with disfavor upon
20 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
the evil. During, or immediately after, the war for independence,
legislative measures were taken in all the States north of Mason and
Dixou's Hue, except Delaware, for the immediate or gradual eman-
cipation of the slaves within their borders, and States farther south
seemed ready to follow their example.
In 1789, the Constitution under which we now live was adopted,
the Articles of Confederation proving inadequate to the wants of the
Republic. A majority of the convention which framed this instru-
ment were, like their compatriots of the Revolutionary era, opposed
to slavery ; but at that early day the threat of disunion was made,
and another compromise with wrong Ivas deemed necessary. A
proposition to prohibit, at once and forever, the importation of slaves
into the United States, was modified, at the instigation of the delegates
from North Carolina and Georgia, by a proviso giving Congress the
authority to interdict foreign slave-trade after 1808, a term of twenty
years. It was declared that with no slave-trade there could be no
Union, and the dire ultimatum was too readily accepted. Again
slavery was recognized in the Constitution in deciding the basis of
representation in Congress, and direct taxation. These were " ap-
portioned " among the several States according to their respective
numbers, which was determined by adding to the whole number of
free population " three-fifths of all other persons." The " other per-
eons" alluded to were slaves; and, consequently, the citizens of the
slaveholding States held a greater political influence in the National
Legislature than those of the non-slaveholding States. There was
al.*o ingrafted into the Constitution a clause making it lawful to pur-
sue slaves escaping from one State into another, and drag them back
into bondage. Though these unfortunate recognitions of a great
wrong were clearly in the Fundamental Law, the words slave and
davery were excluded from it, as it must have appeared to the minds
of the framers of the Constitution that both the rhetoric and logic of
the Declaration of Independence were a protest against holding any
human being in bondage.
Nor were these concessions to slavery made without a struggle.
The emergency was such as statesmen are seldom called upon to
meet There were such conflicting interests in the Convention that
for a long time it was feared its members would fail to come to an
agreement Propositionn to adjourn finally had been made. The
&lr, new nation, which had been conceived by the wisest statesman-
ship, and born by the patriolic throes of a whole people, and baptized
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 21
in the blood of the bravest, was about to perish. Those who saw the
danger dare not adjourn without accomplishing the object for which
they had assembled. A considerate majority yielded to a reckless
minority, only when the preservation of the nation seemed to demand
the costly sacrifice.
One of the first acts of Congress, under the Constitution, was to
prohibit the introduction of slavery into what was then designated
the North-west Territory — a vast extent of country, from which the
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa have
been subsequently formed. This measure was proposed by Thomas
Jefferson, and .received the vote of the entire Southern delegation.
At this time the opinion of the South itself regarded slavery as a
social, political, and moral evil, forced upon them by England, dif-
ficult to be got rid of, but soon to' pass away. Slaveholders freely
admitted the wrongs of the system, and discussed the subject privately
and in public.
In 1803, the United States made the Louisiana purchase. For
generations this region, whether under French or Spanish rule, had
been slave territory. This act opened the vast and fertile Mississippi
valley to the cultivation of cotton ; and the invention of the cotton-
gin made the growth of this plant exceedingly profitable. Sugar-
cane and rice were also lucrative crops. These new industries created
a demand for slave labor, and some of the more northern of the
Southern States turned their attention to breeding slaves for the
Southern market. Virginia and Kentucky became infamous in this
barbarous commerce. A counter sentiment began to take place in
Southern opinion. Slavery, which once asked but to live, humble
and ashamed, ceased to apologize for its existence, and began to pro-
claim its moral excellency, and ask for room to expand. The reaction,
at first almost imperceptible, became more and more marked and
decided, until it gained the ascendency, and changed the policy of
the nation in regard to the restriction of slavery. In 1820, Missouri
was admitted as a slave State ; but not till after an angry debate,
threats from the South to sever the Union, and a compromise, by
which slavery was allowed in Missouri, but excluded from all the
country west and north of that State. The faith of thoughtful men
was even then shaken in the perpetuity of the national compact, and
through fear the opponents of the measure conceded what they had
the right and the power to deny. The whole country was violently
agitated, and sectional antipathies were engendered by the struggle.
22 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
For a season this " Missouri Compromise " seemed to allay hostile
feelings. But the emissaries of the slave power were at work seeking
to enlarge its domains. Texas, one of the States of the Mexican Re-
public, was packed with adventurers from the Southern States.
Controlled by their counsels, she seceded from the Mexican Union
because that Republic had abolished slavery. A free Republic on
our southern boundary was not desired by the slaveholders, and
besides they hankered for additional slave territory ; and as Congress
now had become the pliant tool of their policy, Texas, before her
independence had been acknowledged by Mexico, was annexed to
the United States. Nor was this sufficient. The propagandists of
slavery looked beyond the Rio Grande with a covetous eye. They
provoked Mexico, when she preferred peace, to hostile steps, which
were made a pretext for waging a war of conquest which resulted in
the acquisition of New Mexico and Upper California — a vast extent
of country reaching from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean. At
this enlargement of area, supposed to be opened to slavery, there was
gpi'eat rejoicing all over the South. The way seemed to be prepared
for the controlling power of the Government, at no distant day, to be
lodged in the hands of the advocates of slavery. But at the very
moment wlien their wishes seemed about to be consummated, an un-
expected difficulty presented itself in the Wilmot Proviso, which
threatened to exclude slavery from the newly acquired territory.
This measure was twice adopted in the House of Representatives, but
defeated in the Senate. The spirit of the North was aroused, and
throughout the Free States the indispensable condition of support at
the polls was a pledge to stand by the Proviso. The discovery of
gold in California, during the very month — July, 1848 — that the
treaty with Mexico was signed, brought in a host of hardy adven-
turers from the North, who assured that country to free labor.
And growing directly out of the questions raised in fixing the status
of slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico, was the famous, or
infamous, compromise of 1850, one of the provisions of which was
the Fugitive Slave Law. The manifest injustice, and the cruelties
and barbarities attending the execution of this code, intensified the
hatred of slavery in all the Free States, and a powerful counter-
reaction set in tx) wards the purer sentiments which prevailed in the
earlier days of the Republic, when statesmen and the churches, North
and South, were conscientiously opposed to slavery. A few years
before, Abolition societies were broken up by mob violence in Boston
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 23
and other Northern cities, and there was not a conspicuous pulpit in
the euUre laud that was not silent in regard to the evil. An un-
friendly allusion to slavery, in the farthest North, by a lecturer or
preacher, created a commotion. The cotton-mills of the North had
joined hands with the cotton plantations of the South, and Cotton
was king. Had not an overruling Providence interposed, a petty
oligarchy of a few thousand might possibly have imposed the fatal
yoke upon all America. But the aggressions of the slave power,
always reckless and violent, awoke the slumbering conscience of the
North. Anti-slavery organizations multiplied rapidly, and pulpits,
long muzzled, began to denounce slavery as a sin. And yet there
was a goodly majority at the South, and a still larger one at the
North and North-west, in favor of maintaining the Union, and pre-
serving cordial and fraternal relations between the diiierent sections
of the country.
When Congress met in December, 1853, there was an exhibition
of a better feeling than had prevailed since the stormy session of 1850.
The visible omens were auspicious of a coming year of political calm.
But hardly had the preliminaries been arranged for entering upon
business, when the grasping slave power again disturbed the peace
of the country. Missouri was, as will be remembered, admitted into
the Union as a slave State, after an angry debate and threats of
secession, by a Compromise, in 1820, which excluded slavery from a
vast region in the middle of the Continent, nearly twice as large as
the thirteen original States. That part of the Compromise which
strengthened slavery having taken full and vigorous effect, it was
now attempted to repudiate that portion of the compact which favored
the consecration of that vast area to free labor. It was proposed to
organize this extensive domain into two territories, to be called re-
spectively Nebraska and Kansas, and allow the inhabitants who
should migrate and settle there to decide for themselves whether
slavery would, or would not, be allowed within their borders. This
breach of faith on the part of the slave propagandists kindled the
rancor of the North. Public meetings were called by men of all
parties to denounce the perfidious plot, and petitions and remon-
strances flooded the Senate while the measure was pending in that
body.
The minions of the slave party were successful in the contest, and
the terrible struggle which Congress had invited, for the possession
of Kansas, by the friends of freedom and bondage, followed. A
24 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
few days after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, hundreds of
Mi^tourians, on the western border, temporarily crossed into the
adjoiuing liiriioiy with the intent of taking possession of Kansas in
behalf of slavery. On the other hand, associations were formed in
the Ka,<tt'rn States to facilitate the migration of their citizens thither
with tln' ]>ur|)o<c of iiuikiiig Kansas a Free State. The "Border
Ruffian- " Wire <ietermined to drive out the peaceful settlers of the
Ka>t. a;.(l rivil war was kindled. A Congressional committee was
a ■ the condition of affairs in the disturbed ter-
niory, aim inc iiiajoniy reported decidedly in favor of the friends of
Free<lo!n. This continual sectional agitation of the country, by the
i: led aggressions of the slave-owners, resulted in the formation
oi 1. ...puhlican party of men of all political creeds, who were
0]>iH.M(l uj ihc further extension of slavery. In 1856, the new
organization noiniiiated Colonel John C. Fremont for the Presidency ;
tlie Democrats nominated James Buchanan ; and the Americans, or
KnowO'.'oihiiig party, nominated Ex-President Millard Fillmore.
The couu'si which ensued was exciting and animated. The Re-
publicans caiik;(l the six New England States, New York, Ohio,
Michi;jaii, Wiscoiiftiu, and Iowa. Buchanan, though he lacked a
majority over both his competitors, was elected by a decided plurality.
The beginning of his administration was disturbed by a remarkable
ruling of the Ch lei- Justice of the United States, to the effect that a
freetl in'^rro -lave, or a descendant of a slave, could never become a
citizMi (<i ihc lujuibru'. This strained and new construction of the
Coui^titution affected almost every man of African descent in the
country, an<l produced nuich dissatisfaction and universal discussion,
aud added intensity to j)arty feeling.
The country was deeply stirred, during the whole of Buchanan's
presidency, by questions relating to slavery. When steps were taken
U> admit Kan.si- int.. iht Tnion as a State, the pro-slavery and the
•"^'"•'■" ' '''11 ill that 'i(riit(.ry each framed a State Constitution.
*"*' ' 11" 11 wt r( j)!* v( iit((l by violence from voting against
the Coij*.iiLuliou framed in t he iiit( i ( sts of slavery ; nevertheless. Presi-
dent niielianan d.-elMn-d \i to be Kn-al. At a su])sequoiit election, in
^ ! Ruffians" did not participate, the pro-slavery
lIUlKiU
w;ui rejected by ton tliousand majority. The President,
1. . rth<-h-»<x, l»liiidly iHTsistcnl in disregarding this expression of the
^*^^ "' '' , "p!''. and sent the bogus, pro-slavery (\.nsiituti()n to
CoiigUrtr, ..i. i ;. k. .1 that Kansas b. re^i ived as a slave State. Con-
gress, however, properly ordered it to be again submitted to the vote
of the people ; and it was a second time rejected by a majority of
nearly ten thousand ; and Kansas at length came into the Union as
a Free State.
It was during Mr. Buchanan's term of office that the slaveholders
ventured to claim that the fundamental law of the United States
legalized slavery in all her Territories ; and some even went so far
as to affirm that it made the odious system lawful in all the States
of the Union, and the boast was made that the time was not distant
when the taskmaster would call the roll of his slaves beneath the
shadow of Bunker Hill. The bold attempt to make that Constitu-
tion, from which its framers carefully eliminated the words "slave"
and "slavery," an instrument of bondage throughout the nation,
together with the continued offensive operations of the Fugitive Slave
Law, greatly incensed the people of the Northern States ; and several
of their Legislatures denounced the encroachments in unmeasured
terms, and enacted laws to prevent the unjust execution of the
black code.
In the meantime leading men in the South were maturing measures
to re-open the African slave trade. Native Africans were actually
landed on the Southern coasts, and gladly received.
These backward movements strengthened the friends of freedom
in the North, and made many converts to their cause.
In the autumn of 1860, another Presidential election occurred.
The Democrats, split by the slave question, had two candidates in
the field, namely, John C. Breckinridge and Stephen A. Douglas ;
the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln. Besides these there
was a fourth candidate put forward by the self-styled " Constitutional
Union" party, which was so nearly a nonentity that it does not
deserve mention. The Breckinridge party held that any citizen
might lawfully take with him his slaves into any Territory of the
United States, and that Congress was bound to protect him in the
exercise of that right, regardless of the action of Territorial Legisla-
tures. The Douglas party held that the white inhabitants of each
Territory had the right to adopt or exclude slavery, and that Con-
gress had no power to interfere. The Lincoln, or the Republican,
party held that Congress was bound to prohibit or exclude slavery
from all the Territories. In the canvass for the Presidency which
followed, the issues were sharply defined. There was no ambiguity,
deception, or double-dealing by devising, as had too often been the
26 pennsylvajjia's soldiers' orphan schools.
case, a platform which meant one thing iu the North and another
thing in the South. After an exciting campaign, Abraham Lincoln
was lairly elected by a constitutional majority.
Then there was great commotion all over the South. The North
awaited calmly for the return of reason to those who had been van-
quished by the ballot. Four mouths must yet pass under the admin-
istration of Mr. Buchanan. Treason, iu the meantime, was active.
His Minister of War adroitly used the remainder of his power to
strip the Government arsenals, located in the North, of their arms,
and transfer them to the South ; the little army of regulars were sent
to posts remote from Washington ; and the navy was scattered to the
four comers of the sea. The first steps of the great rebellion were
taken, under the protection of the Government, by the very men who
had sworn to defend it. In the South, States began to withdraw^ from
the Union. South Carolina took the lead. On the 4th of Feb-
ruary, 1861, the Southern Confederacy was formed by delegates from
the seceded States. A rebel Congress chose Jefferson Davis as
President of the new " Confederacy." Forts, arsenals, mints, ships,
custom-houses, and other Government property were seized, and
armies raised to support the usurpation. The Star of the West, a
Government steamer, was fired into and driven from Charleston
harbor, while in the act of carrying supplies and reinforcements to
the loyal Major Robert Anderson and his faithful band, who occupied
Fort Sumter. While these deeds were being perpetrated, President
Buchanan sat dazed in the Presidential chair, and made no serious
eflbrt to check the conspiracy.
Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated on the 4th of March, 1861. His
predecessor in office escorted him to the White House, and retired
into a merciful oblivion ; and the new President began to prepare for
the great task which had been imposed upon him. The language of
his iuaugural address was conciliatory and yet firm. Referring to
the people of the South, he said : " In your hands, my dissatisfied
fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, are the momentous issues of civil
war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no oath
n^figtered in Heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have
the moet solemn one to ' preserve, protect, and defend ' it." He most
dint I- -larod it to be his most solemn duty and determination,
"^ '* 'f tl>« United States, to enforce the laws and repossess
I'l arsenals,
i m- iHi.pic oi the North were slow to admit that there would be
PEN^'SYLVANIA^S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 27
war. The South had so often threatened, and so often been quieted
by fresh compromises, that it was diflficult to believe that now she
meant anything more than to establish a position for extorting
advantageous concessions. Indeed, honorable terms of peace were
even now offered, but were rejected by the secessionists.
During all the month of March, and on to the middle of April,
Mr. Lincoln was strangely silent ; but it was not the silence of inde-
cision. He was at a loss to know what the South really meant.
The ominous stillness was at last broken, and the purpose of the
South declared — the dream of peace broken, and the work of com-
promising with slavery ended, by the bursting of a rebel shell over
Fort Sumter, April 12th, 1861. This act aroused and united the
North, and the uprising of her people was wonderful. Within
twenty days almost two hundred thousand men were ready to take
the field, and the loyal people had offered nearly forty millions of
dollars for the war. This m\s the beginning of a momentous strug-
gle, which continued four sad and weary years. The slave power was
not weak or cowardly. It fought to the bitter end, surrendering
only when utterly exhausted. The North suffered many defeats, and
passed through many seasons of deepest gloom and discouragements.
Had it not been for the deep-seated conviction that they were fighting
in a righteous cause, they might have despaired. The whole people
were humbled, and became thoughtful and grave under the awful
circumstances amid which they lived. The following " Battle-Hymn
of the Republic " is an embodiment of the popular sentiment of those
portentous times :
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord ;
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored ;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword ;
His Truth is marching on.
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps ;
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps ;
I have read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps ;
His Day is marching on.
I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel —
** As you deal with My contemners, so with you My grace shall deal ; "
Let the Hero born of woman crush the serpent with His heel,
Since God is marching on.
28 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat;
He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat;
Oh I be swift, my soul, to answer Him ; be jubilant, my feet, —
Our God is marching on.
In the beauties of the lilies Christ was born across the sea.
With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me ;
As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,
While God is marching on.
The sacrifices of the war were fearful. During its contiuuance two
millioo seven hundred thousand men bore arms on the side of the
North. Of this number ninety-six thousand men were killed in
battle or died of wounds in hospitals ; one hundred and eighty thou-
sand died of disease in hospitals ; and many more went home wounded
or stricken with mortal disease, to die amid the scenes of their child-
hood. Sad memories of the war are sacredly cherished in nearly
every Northern home.
But terrible as was the cost, its gains are great. The curse of
slavery, which retarded progress, kindled sectional strife and civil
war, and made us a byword among the Christian nations, has been
removed. The fatal political heresy of State sovereignty has been
branded as treason, and the lie that the Union is a weak bond of
incoherent and independent powers discarded, and the great truth
that the United States of America is a Nation established by the
blood of a hundred battles. And as a hope to the oppressed peoples
of the world, the fact has been demonstrated that a free people have
the capacity to guide their own destiniesjn war as well as in peace,
and that the dependence of the many upon the few is as unnecessary
as it is humiliating.
In the light of these grand results, the contest which raged with
such destructive fury for four weary, anxious years, appears more
truly a holy war than the purest of the Crusades ; for we fought for
•omething greater than Christ's empty tomb, — we fought for Justice,
for Freedom, for Self-government, for Humanity, for Civilization, for
Beligioo, and for God.
; /^^^^^s^*^
CHAPTER II.
THE "WAR GOVERNOR" AND "SOLDIERS' FRIEND."
T was most fortunate for the great State of Pennsylvania
that she had for her chief magistrate, in the mighty strug-
gle of our civil war, so faithful, so enlightened, and so
patriotic a man as Andrew Gregg Curtin. His State was,
of all others, most imperilled, and her moral and physical power in
determining the question of war was exceptionally great ; and Gov-
ernor Curtin was first called upon to speak officially for the Common-
wealth, defining the relations of the State to our sister Border States
and to the general government. It was a time when a mistake would
have been a crime, and its consequences immeasurable. A sentence
of passion, or a departure from the soundest statesmanship or generous
comity, might have made the Keystone State responsible in history,
and possibly, in fact, for fraternal war. The unity of the Republic
was to be preserved, and the respect of the Border States was to be
maintained. If the conflict had to come, every consideration of
patriotism forbade that Pennsylvania should be responsible for its
immediate or remote provocation. It was under these circumstances
that Governor Curtin was inaugurated in January, 1861 ; and not
only all the States of the North waited for his utterances to guide
them, but the South paused in the tide of revolt to await the position
of the great central Commonwealth. That he spoke wisely and
patriotically is proven by the singular vindication of the position he
then assumed, and which was maintained until peace came again
through the. tempest of battle. He not only witnessed the inaugura-
tion of civil 'war, against which he directed every eflTort consistent
with his devotion to the Union, but he remained in his high trust
until the banners he had himself given to his hundreds of thousands
29
30 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
of brave warriors sent to the field, had been brought back with their
victories inscribed on them. He saw war come, and accepted its
terrible duties and grave responsibilities, and he welcomed peace
before his retirement. In all his efforts he was a most judicious,
energetic, and patriotic man. Through all the years of fearful strug-
gle he kept his post, notwithstanding his great physical suffering, and
discharged his responsible duties with honor to himself and honor to
his State. Under the inspiration of his leadership, Pennsylvania
promptly filled every requisition made upon her by the President for
troops, amounting in the aggregate to over three hundred and eighty
thousand men.
Nor did Governor Curtin consider his duties ended when he had
complied with the demands of the parent Government for men to
defend the Union. His zeal in hastening soldiers to the field was but
the beginning of his efforts, for wherever a Pennsylvania soldier
bore the flag, the beneficent laws and agencies of his State, devised
and executed by Governor Curtin, followed him. His devotion to
the cause of the Government made him known as the " War Gov-
ernor ; " and his ceaseless care for the soldiers in the field, in the
hospital, and when fallen as martyrs in the strife, has crowned him
as the " Soldiers' Friend." Blessed in his home and household gods,
and generous in every sympathy of our better nature, he was ever
more than faithful in healing the wounds and solacing the bereave-
ments of the widowed and fatherless. When he reviewed the gallant
men who had responded to his call, as he was about to leave them in
the march for the harvest of death, he pledged himself and his State
to care for their wives an^ little ones if they should give life for
country. It was a great pledge — great in its purport and in the
grandeur of its fruition ; but it was made by Governor Curtin, and
it was most faithfully fulfilled.
CHAPTER III.
A SPECIAL PROVIDENCE AND THE PENNSYLVANIA
RAILROAD.
N accordance with a custom which had its origin in New
England during the early days of her history, and after-
wards adopted by most of the States of the American
Union, Governor Curtin, in 1863, issued the usual procla-
mation appointing the 26th of November as a day of Thanksgiving,
and requested the people of Pennsylvania to assemble in their various
places of worship and give thanks to God for the mercies and bless-
ings of the closing year. On the morning of the day designated for
this sacred service, two children called at the executive mansion and
asked for bread. The request was not an uncommon one. Scores
had, at that same door, asked and received alms, unobserved save by
tlie servants who dealt out the charity. It would seem that it was
ordained by Him who calls himself the God of the fatherless, that
the Governor himself should meet and speak with these needy ones,
to be told by them how their father had been killed in battle, how
their mother had since died, and how they had been left utterly
friendless and alone. There they stood before him, on that chill
November day — the day appointed for public thanksgiving and
social joy and feasting — clad in rags, timid, and piteously begging
food ! A pitiful sight, indeed, to the chief magistrate, who had been
for more than two years calling for troops and hurrying them beyond
the State border to the seat of war, with vows of guardianship over
their children ! Keenly did that great-hearted man feel the appeal.
He attended Thanksgiving service heavily oppressed with the sad
rejflections which the fate of those two forlorn children of a slain
soldier had awakened; and when again with his family, the deep
31
3 J i i:NXSYLVANIA's SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
regret bur:*t forth in an agonized expression : " Great God ! is it pos-
sible that the people of Pennsylvania can feast this day, while the
children of her soldiers who have fallen in this war beg bread from
door to door I " He then narrated to them the affecting scene of the
morning, and with deep feeling and much excitement went from one
thought to another evolved by the contemplation of the subject,
feeling, as it Were, his way to the attitude to be taken by the State
towards these unfortunates. It was, he said, an unjust, a disgraceful,
an unchristian-like thing, that a soldier's child should beg. Some-
thing, he determined, should be done to remove such disgrace from
the escutcheons of the State.
The engrossing duties and cares of his office, peculiarly great at
this time, never drove the resolve 'from his thoughts. "I really
believe," he writes, " I am safe in saying that at some period of each
day, until accomplished, it crossed my mind." Yet it was difficult
to devise a method of bringing the subject before the people, in such
a way as to show them a duty, and thus secure legislative action,
without arousing a suspicion of vanity and self-glorification. Plan
after plan suggested itself only to be rejected.
It was while such reflections were revolving in his mind that an
eminent religious teacher returned from England, where he had ably
endeavored to enlighten public opinion in regard to the nature of
the struggle going on in this country, and thus create more generous
sentiments towards the North than then prevailed among certain
classes of English society. As a recognition of his distinguished
services abroad, a public reception, in the interests of the United
States Sanitary Commission, was giveii him in the Academy of
Music, in Philadelphia. Governor Curtin was invited to preside ;
and recognizing this as his opportunity to bring to the light the
thoughts that were crystallizing in his mind, he accepted. On taking
the chair, he took occasion, while eulogizing the good work of the
Sanitary Commission in their care of the sick and wounded, to refer
to the " uncared for who were left at home by the gallant fellows
who have gone forward." Eloquently he recalled the pledges made
them, the abundance enjoyed by the people dwelling in safety at
home, " unnhared," he said, " by the surviving relatives of the slain,
and the families of those who, maimed and wounded, have become
belplcMs Coming, as the claimants upon our patriotisoi
and benevolence usually do, from the humble walks of life, their
modest ftud unpretending wants are hardly recognized amid the
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 33
clamor and excitement of the times, and the soldier's widow turns
with natural pride from what might be considered the condition of
a mendicant or the recipient of charity. My friends, let us no longer
fail in the performance of our solemn duty, but let us make the
position of these an honorable one, and not one of degradation. Let
the widow and her dependent offspring become, in fact and in truth,
the children of the State, and let the mighty people of this great Com-
monwealth nurture and maintain them. Let this not be a mere
spasmodic effort, but let us now at once lay the foundation of a sys-
tematic and continuous work, which will enable the defender of the
Constitution to know, as he paces his weary vigils upon the cheerless
picket, that living, his family at home is cared for, and that dying,
the justicey not the charity, of the country has provided for the help-
less survivors."
Slowly, in the heat of conflicting thought, an idea had matured
that was destined to give happiness and usefulness to many lives,
which, but for its inspiration, would be miserably wrecked — the idea
of making the children of disabled and deceased soldiers and sailors
the honored wards of the State. To accomplish this, large sums of
money would be required. Provision must be made for clothing,
maintaining, and educating hundreds of children ; and legislative
guardians of the public funds are necessarily cautious in exercising
their power of granting appropriations. How to move them was the
Governor's perplexing problem. But money is cumulative. One
dollar attracts another. And a nucleus had already been provided
by that God whose providence is so plainly visible in the strange
origin and through all the slow process of maturing and perfecting
this most wonderful undertaking.
After the failure of the campaign on the Peninsula, in 1862, the
President of the United States, at the instance of the loyal governors,
issued a call for three hundred thousand more men. To arouse the
people of Pennsylvania from the depression of that unexpected dis-
aster, a public ipeeting was held in Pittsburgh, on the 10th of July,
1862. Many stirring addresses were made, and the excitement ran
high ; but the enthusiasm rose to its highest pitch, when Governor
Curtin announced to the eager throng the reception of a telegram
from the President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, offering
fifty thousand dollars for the organization and the equipment of
troops. The Governor, however, declined this offer, as he could not
accept it on account of the State without legislative sanction, and
3
34 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
was unwilling to undertake its disbursement in his private capacity.
And 80 for a while the matter rested.
Subsequently, he entered into correspondence with the President
of the Railroad Company in relation to the proffered sura, in the
course of which he suggested the propriety of using it to erect an
asylum for disabled soldiers. Consent was readily given, and the
Governor, in a brief message to the Legislature, January, 1863,
recommended the appropriation of the money for that purpose. The
Legislature adjourned, however, without taking action on this com-
munication.
Before another year rolled round God had sent those two forlorn
children to the Governor's door, or rather to his heart, and the idea
of adopting the orphans of soldiers, as the special wards of the
State, had matured. Abandoning his original purpose, he now
requested the President of the Pennsylvania Railroad to allow the
fifty thousand dollars, offered but not accepted, to be paid into the
treasury of the State, for the purpose of creating a fund to be used
in educating and maintaining destitute soldiers' orphans. That the
case might have a warmer advocacy than letter-writing would admit
of, he twice sent one of his official staff to Philadelphia to personally
urge its adoption. The Company finally consented to permit the
money to be used in accordance with the cherished wishes of the
Grovemor, reserving the right to pay it in instalments as it might be
needed. The generosity of this concession will be appreciated, when
it is considered that making grants for equipping troops in a time
of danger was but making provision to guard its own extensive
bterests; while giving money to aid helpless children was a most
unselfish and purely beneficent act.
Ife' /
CHAPTER IV.
THE REJECTED STONE.
ONFIDENTLY believing that he had now found the best
way to redeem the many pledges made by the State
through him, Governor Curtin made use of every avail-
able means to perfect his scheme, and allowed no obstacle
to impede its speedy success. He consulted with leading men of the
State; he won politicians over to his cause; he inspired editors with
his own grand and noble thoughts, that the press might prepare the
way for their reception.
The first official recommendation relating to the project was in
January, 1864. In his annual message of that year to the Legisla-
ture, he commended to its prompt attention the honorable mainte-
nance and education of the orphans of soldiers in these words :
" I commend to the prompt attention of the Legislature the sub-
ject of the relief of poor orphans of our soldiers who have given,
or shall give, their lives to the country during this crisis. In my
opinion, their maintenance and education should be provided for by
the State. Failing other natural friends of ability to provide for
them, they should be honorably received and fostered as children of
the Commonwealth. The $50,000 heretofore given by the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad Company, referred to in my last message, is still
unappropriated, and I recommend that this sum, with such other
means as the Legislature may think fit, be applied to this end, in
such manner as may be thought most expedient and effective. In
anticipation of the adoption of a more perfect system, I recommend
that provision be made for securing the admission of such children
into existing educational establishments, to be there clothed, nur-
tured, and instructed at the public expense. I make this recom-
35
36 Pennsylvania's soldiebs' orphan schools.
mendation earnestly, feeling assured that in doing so, I represent
the wishes of the patriotic, the benevolent, and the good? of the
State."
This part of the message was referred to the Committee on Military
Affairs, but received from it no attention whatever. But the Gov-
ernor, and those whom he had interested in the good work, would
Dot permit the matter to rest. Professor J. P. Wickersham, then
Principal of the State Normal School at Millersville, Lancaster
county, was sent for, and to this distinguished educator Governor
Curtin imparted at length his ideas, which had been matured by
much reflection, in regard to a system of schools for the children of
deceased soldiers, and requested him to prepare a bill, to be laid
before the Legislature, embodying the necessary provisions for carry-
ing into effect the measures proposed.
Mr. Wickersham was a man eminently qualified for this work.
The sympathies and labors of his life had been in the interests of
education. He entered earnestly into the Governor's views, and
cheerfully assumed the task assigned him. Possessing fine executive
powers and a talent for systematizing, he prepared a bill which the
Grovemor commended as doing " great justice to his head and heart."
A few friends of the measure to whom the proposed law was sub-
mitted also conceded its merits. As this was the first attempt to
frame a law establishing schools for soldiers' orphans, we give it
entire :
Section 1. Be it enacted, &c. : That as fsoon as convenient, after the passage
of thw Act, there shall be appointed by tlie Governor, with the consent of the
Benate, an officer to be called the " Superintendent of Schools for Orphans,"
whoHe duty it shall be to carry into effect the several provisions of this Act,
and to make an annual report to the Legislature, which shall contain a full
account of his proceedings, the expenses incurred in the past year and the sums
required for the ensuing year, the institutions recognized as orphan schools
and the numl>er of pupils in each, and all such matters relating to the instruc-
tion and training of the orphan children of soldiers as he may deem expedient
to communicate, and whose salary shall be $1G00 per annum, and necessary
travelling exiHjnseH; to be paid quarterly; said Superintendent of Schools for
Orphaiui to hold hiji office for three years, commencing on the first Monday of
June, one lliou»and eight hundred and sixty-four, and his successors to be
■p|K>int«d every third year thereafter; all sucli officers to be subject to removal
by the Governor at any time for misbehavior or misconduct during their
r««pertive terniH, and the vacancies in anywise occurring to be supplied for the
unexpired ternm by new appointments: Provided, That in case of removal,
Um Oofemor thall at the time communicate his reasons therefor, in writing, to
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 37
the Superintendent of Schools for Orphans thus displaced, and also to the
Senate, if in session ; and if not, within ten days after their next meeting.
Section 2. Any institution now established, or which may hereafter be estab-
lished in this Commonwealth, may apply to the Superintendent of Schools for
Orphans, to be recognized as a suitable school or home for the instruction and
training of the destitute orphan children of soldiers ; and after full opportunity
shall have been given for all such institutions as desire to do so to make appli-
cation, it shall be his duty without delay to visit the several institutions thus
applying, make a careful examination as to their means of imparting physical,
industrial, intellectual, and moral instruction and training, and their ability to
furnish proper food and clothing, and select, subject to the approval of the
Governor, from among them those best adapted in all respects to become schools
or homes for the said orphan children of soldiers or sailors.
Section 3. That the Superintendent of Schools for Orphans shall, with the
approval of the Governor, appoint a committee of both sexes in each county
to serve gratuitously, whose duty it shall be to make application to the Super-
intendent of Schools for Orphans for the admission of any child into one of the
institutions selected as suitai>le to become schools or homes for the destitute
orphan children of soldiers and sailors, who resides in Pennsylvania, and is
between the ages of five and fifteen, whose father was killed while in the mili-
tary or naval service of the United States, or died of wounds received or disease
contracted in that service, and whose circumstances are such as to render him
or her dependent upon either public or private charity for support : Provided,
That all such applications must be accompanied with a statement, certified to
by oatli or affirmation, of the name and age of the child, the place of residence
and nativity, the extent of destitution, the name of the father, his regiment or
vessel on which he served, rank, and the manner of his death.
Section 4. The Superintendent of Schools for Orphans shall grant all appli-
cations for admittance into the institutions selected as orphan schools or homes
that seem to him proper, and assign the children so applying to such one of
them as he may consider most convenient or suitable, having regard as far as
possible to the religious denominations or faith of their parents.
It shall be his further duty to visit each institution so selected at least once
in three months, and carefully inspect its arrangements for promoting the
health and comfort of its pupils, the methods of instruction pursued, and the
kind of food and clothing furnished ; and if any of the schools so selected
prove derelict in duty in these or other respects to the orphan children placed
under their care, he shall lay the facts before the Governor, and with his
approval refuse longer to recognize them in the capacity of orphan schools :
Provided, That such a decision shall in all cases be made known to the institu-
tion concerned one month before it is carried into eflfect.
Section 5. It shall be the duty of the authorities of all institutions selected
as orphan schools or homes to record the names of all persons who may desire
to take into their service any orphan child connected with said institutions,
and shall have authority to bind such children as apprentices with the consent
of the mother, if living ; but all contracts to apprentice or bind out an orphan
child must be made at the time of Ihe tri-monthly visit of the Superintendent
of Schools for Orphans, and be signed by him.
38 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
Section 6. All institutions instructing and training the orphan children of
aoldiere and providing them with food and clothing, as prescribed in the pre-
ceding sections, shall be entitled to receive from the treasury of the State an
mmoimt to be determined by contract between the authorities of said schools
respectively and the Superintendent of Schools for Orphans, and approved by
the Governor, to be graduated by the respective ages of the children, but in no
case to exceed $100 per annum, for each orphan child thus instructed and cared
for, to be paid in quarterly instalments upon warrants issued by the Superin-
tendent of Schools for Orphans : Provided, That before the payment of any
quarterly instalments, the authorities of the institutions to which payment is
to be made, shall have made under oath or affirmation a quarterly report stat-
ing the number of orphan children of soldiers, admitted according to the pro-
visions of this Act, there were in the institute at the commencement of the
quarter, the number admitted and discharged during the quarter with the
respective dates, and the number then remaining.
This bill was read in place, on the 8th of April, by Mr. Robert L.
McClellan, of Chester county, and referred to the Committee on
Education.
On the 13th of April, just five days after, the Governor sent to
the Legislature the following special message in regard to the care
and education of the orphan children of soldiers : " I have hereto-
fore invited the attention of the Legislature to the subject of main-
taining and educating, at the public expense, such orphan children
of Pennsylvania volunteers who have died in the public service, as
may be destitute of other means of aid. I have since caused
inquiries to be made through the school department and otherwise,
in regard to the probable number of such orphans. It has been
found, however, impossible to obtain reliable information in so short
a time ; but, in my opinion, the number to be at present provided
for will not exceed one thousand. I submit to the wisdom of the
Legislature the propriety of making early provision on the subject,
merely BUggesting that the orphans, as far as possible, be committed
to the care of persons of the same religious denominations as their
parents. I would also remind the Legislature that the sum of fifty
thouBand dollars, donated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,
ii subject to my order, and could be properly appropriated towards
tlie ezpenaet to be incurred." Objections had been made to the
proposed measure, from certain quarters, on account of difiSculties
which might attend the religious training of the orphans, while,
fiom other sources, opposition arose in view of the great cost involved
in its execution. To remove these hindrances and to insure prompt
39
and favorable action on the bill then under consideration by the
educational committee of the House, and to prepare the way for its
cordial reception, this communication Wiis sent to the Legislature.
Governor Curtin went to the utmost limit of his authority as an
executive officer ; he gave to the project the full weight of his per-
sonal and official influence, that he might interest the indifierent,
silence and win, if possible, those who opposed, and strengthen and
encourage the friends of his darling scheme.
On the 29th of April the bill came before the House for consider-
ation.
This bill called forth a warm debate. Mr. William Burgwin, of
Venango county, said the proposed Act provided for the disgracing
of destitute orphan children and making them serfs. He objected
to the expense of establishing a new bureau, and thought the work
could be more effi^ctually done by the department of common schools
through the medium of its school boards and county superintendents,
and moved an amendment embodying his views. Mr. Bryan S.
Hill, of Erie, coincided with Mr. Burgwin. Mr. McClellan argued
against the amendment. The care of the destitute children made
orphans by the calamities of war he considered a work of great
importance. There would be doubtless a large number of such
children in the State, and unless provisions similar to those proposed
were made, they would, in all probability, become the inmates of
poor-houses, prisons, and penitentiaries. He stated that the friends
of the bill, after carefully considering the subject for several weeks,
came to the conclusion that, in order to carry out its object effectually,
the work must be confided to an officer specially appointed for that
purpose.
Mr. George H. Wells, of Susquehanna county, moved to amend
by striking out all after the enacting clause, and inserting the fol-
lowing :
Section 1. That it shall be the duty of the secretary of the hoard of school
directors of every township, ward, or borough of this Commonwealth, as soon
as may be after the passage of this Act, and at such times hereafter as may be
directed by the superintendent of common schools of this Commonwealth, to
make a list of all the orphan children of soldiers or sailors, under the age of
fifteen years, residing in said township, ward, or borough, whose father was
killed while in the military or naval service of the United States, or died of
wounds received or disease contracted in that service, and whose circumstances
are such as to render him or her dependent in whole or in part upon either
public or private charity for support ; that said list shall be accompanied with
40 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
a statement, certified to by oath or affirmation, of the name and age of the
child, the place of residence and nativity, the extent of destitution, the name
of the father, his regiment or vessel in which he served, his rank and the man-
ner of hin death, and to enter the same at length in a book kept for that purpose ;
and also return said certified list to the superintendent of common schools
within ninety days after the passage of this Act.
Section 2. It shall be the duty of said secretary to find suitable homes for
said orphan children in the said township, ward, or borough where said orphan
child may reside, or an adjoining ward or township; and said secretary is hereby
authorized to sign, seal, and execute a contract with such suitable person or
persons, (subject to the approval of a majority of the board of school directors
or a public meeting thereof,) fixing the time for which said orphan child or
children shall remain with said person or persons, the amount of money to be
paid for food, clothing, and schooling, (said schooling not to be less than five
months in each and every year,) and define particularly the duties and obliga-
tions of the parties to said contract : Provided, That a majority of the board of
school directors shall have power at any public meeting thereof to annul any
such contract and declare the same cancelled, if they shall believe it to be to
the interest of said orphan child or children to do so.
Section 3. The said secretary of the board >of school directors (with the
approval as aforesaid) shall have authority to bind such orphan child or chil-
dren as apprentices, with the consent of the mother, if living: Provided, That
no male child shall be so bound until he has arrived at the age of thirteen, nor
shall the apprenticeship extend beyond the time when he shall be twenty-one
years of age : And provided, also. That no female child be so bound until she
has arrived at the age of eleven years, and shall not extend beyond the time
when she shall be eighteen years of age.
Section 4. It shall be the duty of the secretary of the board of school
directors to make out semi-annually a full statement, under oath, of the ex-
penses incurred in his township, ward, or borough, for the support and edu-
cation of said orphan children; and when said statement is approved by the
president of said board, it shall be forwarded to the superintendent of common
schools, whose duty it shall be to draw his warrant upon the State treasurer for
the amotmt found due, and for such additional amount as may be awarded by
said board of school directors for the services of said secretary under this Act :
Provitied, That in no case shall the amount paid exceed the sum of one hundred
dollarx annually for the support and education of one child.
HBfmoN 5. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of common schools to
fumiHh the several school boards of this (Commonwealth, desiring the same,
■iich forniK, blankH, and instructions as may be necessary to carry into efiect
the several prcjvinions of this Act, and to make report annually to the Legisla-
ture, and in the same volume with the common school report, a full account of
his prooeodings, tho expenses incurred in the past year, and the sums required
fcr th« ensoing year, tho number of destitute orphans of soldiers and sailors
of thb Commonwealth, tlicir names, ages, and places of residence, and such
mntt<Ts relating to their education and well-being as he may decide expedient
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 41
Section 6. That the superintendent of common schools shall receive the
sum of dollars per annum for the additional duties imposed upon him by
this Act, and is authorized to employ such additional clerk-hire as may be
necessary.
Section 7. That the Governor be authorized and required to cause to be
paid into the State treasury the fifty thousand dollars heretofore donated by
the Pennsylvania Kailroad Company, and any other donations that may be
received by him ; and the said sum or sums of money be, and the same are
hereby, appropriated to defray the expenses to be incurred under the provisions
of this Act.
Mr. P. Frazer Smith, of Chester county, spoke against the adop-
tion of any amendment, and said that the bill before the House
embodied a j^lan which had been recommended by the Governor for
carrying out the purposes of the donors of the fifty thousand dol-
lars. Mr. Wells, in a lengthy speech, attempted to fchow the superi-
ority of his amendment over the original bill. He said it would be
a cruel thing to drag these children from their mothers and friends
and give them into the hands of strangers. He believed that his
substitute would be less expensive, and would better consult the
dictates of humanity and better subserve the well-being of the
orphans, than the bill reported by the Chairman of the Educational
Committee. Mr. T. H. Purdy, of Northumberland county, advocated
Mr. Wells' substitute. Mr. T. J. Barger, of Philadelphia, earnestly
advocated the original bill, and thought the division of the children
among the district schools of the State would not bo'raore humane,
and would be much more expensive, than collecting them into insti-
tutions specially provided for them. In his opinion, there could be
no cruelty in sending these children to suitable schools selected by a
responsible person appointed by the Governor. He did not think it
possible, should the responsibility of caring for the orphans be
divided among many persons, that the supervision would be so
efficient as it would be if an officer be appointed for that special
purpose. Mr. Samuel H. Orwig, of Union county, thought that
since the Committee on Education had reported the bill favorably
after giving it a careful consideration, and since it had been pre-
pared by the advice of the Governor and other benevolent and
judicious persons, its provisions must be good. Mr. Thos. Cochran,
of Philadelphia, thought the X/Cgislature should not adjourn without
taking some action on the bill. Mr. G. Dawson Coleman, of Lebanon
county, said it would be a disgrace if the Legislature should adjourn
42 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
without adopting some measure to provide for the orphan children
of soldiers.
Neither Mr. Burgwin's nor Mr. Wells' amendments were agreed
to. The first and second sections of the original bill, after unim-
portant amendments, were agreed to. On the reading of the third
section, opposition to the bill developed sufficient strength to show
its friends that its defeat was inevitable. Mr. Cochran then read as
a substitute, which passed both branches of the Legislature, the
following:
ACT OF 1864.
Section 1 . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the
mUhority of the fame, That tlie Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
be and is hereby authorized to accept the sum of fifty thousand dollars donated
by the PennHylvania Railroad Company, for the education and maintenance of
de<>tllute orplian children of deceased soldiers and sailors, and appropriate the
same in such manner as he' may deem best calculated to accomplish the object*
designed by said donation ; the accounts of said disbursements to be settled, in
the usual manner, by the Auditor General and the Governor, and make report
of the same to the next Legislature.
Thb little enactment was the sole result of all the perplexity,
thought, and labor on the part of Governor Curtin, of the carefully-
prepared bill of Professor Wickersham, and of the lengthy discus-
sion in the legislative halls by the people's representatives.
It would be gratifying to State pride to allow the Pennsylvania
Legislature to share with the Governor and the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company the honor of taking the initiatory steps in founding a
eystem of schools for the children of deceased soldiers; but the
records read to the contrary. In that body there were earnest advo-
cates of the measure, but the majority were opposed to it. The
voice of justice, to say nothing of the calls of mercy and humanity,
was silenced by custom. All men, to some extent, are slaves to the
past And when did a people shelter, feed, clothe, and educate the
children of th(j«e who perish in war? And yet, viewed in the light
of unfetUired reason, it is an unaccountable thing that the men who
bad in their keeping the honor of the State, who enacted her laws
and disbursed her revenues, should be so ungrateful to the volun-
toen who, a short distance away, were«even then holding at bay the
invading foe ! Should not the burdens of war, in a Republic, be
equally shared, so far as possible, by all her citizens? A few miles
Pennsylvania's soldiers* orphan schools. 43
to the south of the very capitol where those legislators sat, were
thousands of their fellow-citizens, sheltered by army tents or cano-
pied only by the blue vault of heaven, exposed to the frosts of an
inclement season, liable at any moment to fall a prey to disease or
suffer mutilation and death ; hundreds of their comrades in arms
had fallen in battle, and their children were left with no father's
breast to shield them, no father's fond heart to love and cheer them,
and no father's experience to direct and guide them in the devious
path of youth. Yesterday, many of that army of citizen soldiery
left happy homes, cheered and gladdened with the merry voices of
children who fell asleep nestling in their arms ; to-day, they, severed
from the endearments of home, are subject to army discipline and
come and go at the dictation of another ; at nightfall no children
gather around them ; to-morrow their voices may not be heard at
roll call, and their children may be left to grow up in ignorance and
neglect and, possibly, crime. And yet these legislators coolly decide
that the State, saved from invasion and pillage but a few months
before by literal bulwarks of the heaped-up slain, cannot assume the
expense of educating and respectably maintaining the children of
her slaughtered defenders ! By refusing to make ample provision
for this class upon whom the calamities of war press so cruelly, the
Legislative Assembly of 1864 evaded an evident duty, — a duty, too,
that was plainly pointed out and earnestly pressed, — and lost the
honor of performing a great deed which would have given it a
golden page in the annals of the State.
But the short Act which it passed authorized the executive to
accept from the Pennsylvania Kailroad Company the proffered gift
of fifty thousand dollars for the benefit of soldiers' orphans, to be
expended as he might " deem best ; " and with it he, disappointed
but not discouraged, and hopefully trusting the future to a kind
Providence, laid the foundation of a system the glory of which will
resound through the ages !
CHAPTER V.
THE SYSTEM ORGANIZED.
N the 16th of June, 1864, the Governor commissioned
Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes, L.L.D., Superintendent of
Soldiers' Orphans, and requested him to prepare " a plan
for carrying into effect the intentions of the Legislature."
The unfortunate children could not have fallen into better hands.
In 1835, when thirty years of age, Dr. Burrowes was appointed by
Governor Ritner, Secretary of the Commonwealth ; and to him was
committed, by virtue of his office, the superintendency of the then
newly-created system of common schools, there being at that time
DO special department of education. His intellectual strength was
sliown in this herculean labor. The crude school laws received valu-
able revision at his suggestion, and the chaotic school system was, by
his efforts, reduced to order. By these exertions he was led to see
the importance of providing instruction for children of every class,
and was, through nearly all the intervening time, connected with the
school system of the State, as editor of the Pennsylvania School
Journal^ and Superintendent of Common Schools ; and was, therefore,
when commissioned by Governor Curtin to superintend the new
bureau, possessed of that knowledge and experience which enabled
him to enter at once upon his duties. On the 27th of June, he pre-
sented the plan as requested, and it receiving the executive approval,
became the basis of operations, and was as follows :
PLAN OF DR. THOS. H. BURROWES, UNDER THE ACT OF 1864.
1. Of the permmi entitle<l to the benefit of the act:
TliOMs will Imj children of either Bex under the age of fifteen, resident in
PennvylTania nt the time of the application, and dependent upon either public
or prirato charity for uupiwrt, or on the exertions of a mother or other person
44
(/^^^r'-^/^^'^J-c.^^^
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 45
destitute of means to afford proper education and maintenance, of fathers who
have been killed, or died of wounds received, or of disease contracted in the
service of the United States, whether in volunteer or militia regiments of this
State, or in the regular army or the naval service of the United States, but
who were at the time of entering such service actual bona fide residents of
Pennsylvania.
2. Of admission to the benefits of the Act :
This will be by application by the mother, if living, or if not by the guardian
or next friend, in the form prescribed by the Superintendent of Orphans,
setting forth the name, rfge, place of nativity, and present residence of the child,
with the extent of destitution, the name of the father and of his regiment or
vessel, his rank and the manner and time of his death, accompanied by an
affidavit to the facts set forth, to be presented to the common school directors
of the district in which the orphan resides for approval or disapproval, accord-
ing to the facts of the case, and if disapproved to be returned, with a statement
of the reasons therefor ; but if approved, to be so certified by the president
and secretary and transmitted to the superintending committee of the proper
county, by whom it shall be transmitted to the Superintendent of Orphans,
with such suggestions and remarks as shall enable him to make the proper dis-
position of the caso; and when approved by hira an order to be issued by him
for admission to such school as he shall designate ; orphans under six years of
age to be placed in such nearest institution for the more juvenile class as may
be proper for, and will admit them on terms to be arranged by the Superin-
tendent ; and those above that age to be sent to the more advanced schools
hereafter described, but in both cases regard to be had, as far as possible, to the
religious denomination or faith of their parents.
3. Of the kind of education and maintenance:
The orphans will be clad in a neat, plain, uniform dress, according to sex,
and supplied with comfortable lodgings, a sufficiency of wholesome food and
proper attendance when sick; they will be physically developed — the boys by
military drill or gymnastic training, according to age, and the girls by calis-
thenic and other suitable exercises; they will be habituated to industry and
the use of tools, while at school, by the various household and domestic pur-
suits, and mechanical and horticultural employments, suitable to the respective
sexes ; they will receive a full course of intellectural culture in the ordinary
branches of a useful English education, having especial reference to fundamental
principles and practical results; and they will be carefully trained in moral
and religious principles, the latter as nearly approached as may be to the known
denominational preference of the parents.
4. Of the schools to be employed under the Act;
For the orphans under six years of age, suitable institutions, in any part of
the State, that will receive them on proper terms and afford them fitting train-
ing and maintenance, will be employed, and they will be placed therein till
arrival at the age of six years.
For the orphans over six years of age, one school will be selected, when
practicable, in each of the twelve normal school districts, of sufficient capacity
to accommodate all the orphans of that age in the proper district, and having
46 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
the necessary appliances to impart the physical, industrial, intellectual, and
moral training, necessary to render them intelligent citizens and useful members
of society; but if one such institution cannot be secured in each district, a suffi-
cient number of a smaller class will be accepted, preferring such as will admit
the largest number of orphans, and afford the best instruction and accommoda-
tions, the compensation in each case to be such as shall have been previously
agreed on between the institution and the Superintendent, having reference as
well to a reasonable economy as to a just remuneration for the services rendered,
and to be paid quarterly, on the rendition of full and sufficient accounts and
vouchers ; clothing, books, and medical attendance to be supplied by the State
or the several institutions, as the Superintendent shall decide ; and all contracts
for the education and maintenance of orphans to terminate for such causes and
after such notice as shall be therein specified.
5. Of the control of the orphans in the schools :
The details of education and maintenance will be in the hands of the princi-
pal of each school, subject to the regulations adopted by the Superintendent and
the visitation of the proper superintending committees. Each school will keep
a record of all applications for apprentices or employees from among its orphan
pupils ; but none shall be bound or otherwise put out to any employment, with-
out his or her own application and that of the parent, guardian, or next friend,
and the concurrence of the superintending committee of the proper county.
All contracts of apprenticeship or for employment to be, as soon as legal
authority shall be obtained therefor, between the Superintendent and master
or employer, and contain a reservation of power to annul the contract in case
of failure on the part of the master or employer to fulfil all the stipulations.
And the Superintendent will keep a record of the name, master, trade, term,
and residence of each apprentice or employee thus sent from schools.
6. Of the fund now at command under the Act :
This is believed to be sufficient to commence this humane, just and patriotic
undertaking, but the plan now recommended cannot be kept long enough in
operation to produce any useful results, unless sufficient additions be made to it
by the public authorities or private liberality, or by agencies similar to that
which made the first liberal donation. It is hoped that this will be done, and
that the undertaking will be continued till all our destitute soldiers' orphans
shall be placed in a condition to meet the trials of life, on an equal footing with
the children of those for whom their fathers died.
All accounts of the expenditure of the fund will be settled by the Auditor
General, in the usual manner.
7. Of the administration of the trust under the Act:
The school directors seem to be the proper board first to receive and scrutinize
the application for admission ; representing as they do every part of the district,
one member at least will be cognizant of the facts of each case ; and their action
can take place at their regular meetings without any additional labor to them-
•elree, and to the great convenience of the applicants.
The auperintending committee of each county will consist of three, five, or
MTeQ, according to circumstancea ; be composed of both sexes, and will be
appointed with the approval of the Governor. It will receive the application,
»
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 47
and transmit it, with such remarks and explanations as may be useful, to the
Superintendent, and will also periodically visit the school in its county or dis-
trict containing soldiers' orphans, and make report of its condition and of such
matters as may be promotive of their welfare.
The Superintendent will perform the duties in this plan specified, aa well as
such others as its full and successful operation shall render necessary and
proper. Especially he will visit tlie schools in which the orphans are placed,
as often as is consistent with his other duties ; and, as the business of the trust
will, except that of visitation, be mainly transacted by written correspondence,
no office need, for the present at least, be established at Harrisburg. All com-
munications will, therefore, be addressed to him at Lancaster.
It will be seen on inspection that several features of the original
bill prepared by Professor Wickersham, but defeated in the House,
are adopted in this plan, which is based upon broader principles than
can be found in the little Act that merely authorized the acceptance
and expenditure of a donation from a railroad corporation. This
plan, as did the rejected bill, assumes that the destitute cliildren of
deceased soldiers and sailors are justly the wards of the State, and
should be tenderly nurtured, decently maintained, and well edu-
cated ; and that the public guardianship should continue so long as
there remains an orphan needing help.
The method of procedure having been determined. Dr. Burrowes
opened his private office in Lancaster for official use, and selecting
Professor James Thompson, of Pittsburgh, a gentleman well qualified
for the work, to act as clerk, began the difficult task of organizing
the new bureau, for which his previous labors and peculiar abilities
so well fitted him. His first business was to originate and prepare
the necessary office books and blank forms. The department regis-
ters devised by him were, first, a descriptive register, which contains
a record, by county, of the orphan's name, date of birth, and place
of residence ; name of father, when and where he enlisted, his regi-
ment or vessel and rank, also date, place, and manner of his death ;
and name, post-office address, and religious denomination of mother
or guardian ; and second, a school register, in which are recorded, by
county, the orphan's name, when and to what school admitted, to
what school transferred, when and how long bound out and to what
trade or employment; name and residence of master; when the
orphan left school and cause of withdrawal, date and cause of death,
and general remarks. Of course, only the first-named items can be
inserted in this book at the time of making application for admit-
tance; the other entries are made as events transpire, and when
48 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
completed, show a complete record of each child while in the care
of the State. Dr. Burrowes truly predicted, in 1864, that the size
of these registers " is sufficient to contain a record of all the children
which this bloody rebellion shall throw upon the care of the State."
The form of application framed by him, for admittance into an
institution for soldiers' orphans reads, when filled out, as follows :
APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION.
To Thomas H. Burrowes, Superintendent of destitute Orphans of deceased
Soldiers and Sailors of the State of Pennsylvania :
Sir : — I, as Mother of Lucinda Maxwell, do hereby apply for an order for her
education and maintenance, in accordance with the provisions of the Act entitled
" an Act authorizing the Governor to accept the donation of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company," approved the 6th day of May, 1864, and of the "Act to'
provide for the maintenance of the destitute Orphans of the deceased Soldiers
and Sailors of the State," approved March 22d, A. d. 1865; and, on condition
of the granting of said order, and in consideration of the education and main-
tenance of the Orphan above named, according to the plan adopted for carrying
said Act into effect, I do hereby resign and transfer to said Superintendent, and
to his successors in office, the custody, care, and control of said Orphan, for
eaid purpose, till her arrival at the full age of sixteen years, with the full right
to put or bind her out on her arrival at said age, for such employment or trade,
to such employer or master, and during such term, as said Superintendent shall
then select, with the written assent of said Orphan and of myself.
In furtherance whereof, I hereto append the following statement of facts in
relation to said Orphan, with my signature and affidavit thereto.
Witness present : Lucinda Maxwell,
O. L. Carroll, •» Coal Valley P. O.,
John CNeil. / Allegheny county.
STATEMENT.
The within named Lucinda Maxwell was born on the twenty-fourth day of
February, eighteen hundred and lifty-two ; now resides in Independent Common
School District, No. 1, Allegheny county, Pa. ; is the daughter of E,. Maxwell
and Lucinda Maxwell ; is in destitute circumstances, being dependent for sup-
port on the lalx)r of her mother, who is unable thereby to afford her proper
education and maintenance.
The father of this orphan was an actual resident of Allegheny county, in this
State, where in the m^nth of September, 1861, he volunteered into the 102d
Regiment of Pennnylvania Volunteers, and was killed in the service of the
United State», at Fair Oaks, in Virginia, on the Slst day of May, 1862, being
then in rank a privnto.
The Wild (iiilier wjw of the Methodist denomination in religion, and the sub-
♦ Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 49
scriber accordingly desires that his orphan shall be trained in the same creed
and observances.
LuciNDA Maxwell,
Allegheny County, Pa., 88; Mother.
Personally appeared before me, a Justice of Peace, in and for said county,
the above subscribed Lucinda Maxwell, who being duly sworn does say that
the facts set forth in the foregoing statement are true, to the best of her knowl-
edge and belief. In testimony whereof, 1 have hereto set my hand and seal
this 17th day of November, 1865.
James H. Berry, J. P. [seal.]
CERTIFICATE BY SCHOOL DIRECTORS.
Independent Common School District, No. 1.
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
It is hereby certified, that the foregoing application and statement were duly
laid before the Board of Directors of the above-named district, and having
been carefully examined, are found to be true and correct, so far as the facts
are known to this Board. The orphan therein named is accordingly recom-
mended as a proper person for education and maintenance, under the provisions
of the laws on the subject.
Signed and attested, by order of the Board, this 16th day of November, 1865.
Samuel Kuhns, A. D. Foster,
Secretary. President.
i
CERTIFICATE OF SUPERINTENDING COMMITTEE.
It is liereby certified, that the facts set forth in the foregoing application and
statement are true and correct, as far as the same are known to this committee.
The orphan therein named is therefore recommended for admission to a proper
school, for the more Pupils.
Felix R. Brunot,
Allegheny County, Nov. 22d, 1864. Chn. of Sup. Com County.
The first few months of Dr. Burrowes' superiiitendency were
spent in preparing the books and blanks above named, appointing
superintending committees in each county, writing letters, in which
he sought to explain the new system, correct erroneous views con-
cerning it, and in creating an interest in soldiers' orphans in all sec-
tions of the State, and in seeking by letter and visitation proper
institutions willing to receive thera.
Little difficulty was encountered in securing homes for the younger
children. According to the original " plan," all under six years of
age were to be sent to primary schools ; but upon maturer reflection,
4
50 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
the Superintendent ruled that no child under four years of age could
properly be included in the provisions of the Act to educate and
maintain soldiers' orphans, and decided that none of that tender age
could be accepted, and concluded to place those between the ages of
six and ten years at the institutions for the more juvenile class of
children.
The Northern Home for Friendless Children, of Philadelphia, was
the first to aid in the good cause. This institution had, indeed, dur-
ing the war opened its doors to destitute children of soldiers who
were fighting at the front, and had, in advance of the State, begun
to provide gratuitously for the orphans of those who had fallen in
their country's service. Its patriotic Board of Managers, as might
have been expected, responded cheerfully to the call of Dr. Burrowes
for co-operation, and at once generously offered to take the little ones
beneath its hospitable roof, and provide suitable care, food, raiment,
and instruction for one hundred dollars each per annum. In like
manner the Children's Home in Lancaster, the Soldiers' Orphans'
Home in Pittsburgh, which was established before the orphan fund
was created, mainly by the efforts of James P. Barr, Esq., the Pitts-
burgh and Allegheny Home for the Friendless, and the Pittsburgh
and Allegheny Orphan Asylum acceded promptly to the Superin-
tendent's request, upon the same terms as those agreed upon by the
Northern Home. As there were no other available institutions at
that time for these young and helpless children, this timely and
liberal action on the part of these homes, was as creditable to them-
selves as it was disembarrassing to the new department.
But to find institutions for the children between the ages of ten
and fifteen years was a very difficult task ; " and a man less hopeful
than Dr. Burrowes, one with more calculation and less faith, would
not have succeeded in accomplishing it." He had at his command
but fifty thousand dollars, and could only cherish the hope that the
fund created by a corporation's bounty, would be increased by State
api)ropriation8 ; and that hope must, to ordinary minds, have been
clouded by grave apprehensions, as the bill, which implied a continu-
ance of the gratuity by tlie State, had already been defeated in the
Legislature. To erect buildings would consume too much time and
require more money than he had at his disposal. Besides, had the
neoeoary funds been assured, it was then thought that such an out-
lay, for a demand that would cease to exist at the end of fifteen or
twenty years, would be an unwarranted expenditure. Recourse to
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 51
existing institutions was therefore inevitable. Application was first
made to the authorities of several normal schools to admit one hun-
dred of these orphans, each, into their model schools. It was thought
by Dr. Burro wes that these would be just the kind of pupils for
that department. The normal schools, however, declined the offer, —
some because they had not sufficient accommodations, and were
unwilling to put up additional T)uildings on so slender an assurance
as could then be given, and others because the remuneration offered
was not considered adequate.
Resort was next had to several boarding-schools in different parts
of the State, and at first with only discouraging results. The prices
asked for taking care of and instructing the orphans, by the proprie-
tors of the schools to which application was made, were higher than
the Superintendent deemed proper to give, being over two hundred
dollars a year for each pupil, exclusive of clothing.
But want of confidence in the permanency of the enterprise was
the great hindrance. It was, not without cause, feared that, after
the liberal donation of a corporation had been paid out, the State
would refuse to make any contributions of her own. The managers
and proprietors of existing schools could hardly be expected to be
moved by motives so disinterested as patriotic gratitude, and open their
doors to most probable financial ruin. This difficulty Dr. Burrowes
felt and acknowledged ; and yet he was not disheartened. Still hop-
ing, when others would have despaired, he zealously labored on, not
in the easy and delightful employment of expending the donation
of fifty thousand dollars in alleviating present suffering, but in
endeavoring cautiously and wisely to lay a broad and permanent
foundation for the education and maintenance of all the needy chil-
dren which had been, and which should be, made orphans by the
bloody rebellion then in arras against the national government.
Imbued with a sense of the righteousness of the cause, and believing
it would be ultimately sustained by the people, though their repre-
sentatives had once refused to uphold it, he, full of faith and zeal,
persevered, using his personal influence and powers of persuasion,
till at length others, imbibing the same spirit and belief that the
State would finally pay the vast debt due the children of her slain
patriots, embarked in the hazardous enterprise.
That the full meed of praise may be accorded to the venturesome
pioneers in this grand undertaking, the schools which first acceded
to the proposition of Dr. Burrowes are here named in the order in
52 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
which engagements for receiving soldiers' orphans were completed :
in September, the Paradise School, in Lancaster county, and the
McAllisterville School, in Juniata county ; in November, the Mount
Joy (then Strasburg) School, in Lancaster county, the Quakertowu
School, in Bucks county, and the Orangeville School, in Columbia
county. These institutions agreed to receive the orphans at one
hundred and fifty dollars a year per pupil for instruction, boarding,
and everything necessary, except clothing ; the number to be sent to
each school to range from fifty to one hundred, and to include chil-
dren of both sexes.
While these negotiations to secure schools were going on, the
fiuperintending committees had been appointed in every county in
the State, and furnished with blank forms of application for admis-
sion and necessary instructions ; care had also been taken, in the
meantime, to keep the public informed in regard to the provisions
being made for the necessitous children of deceased soldiers ; and at
the earliest period possible, notice of the readiness to receive chil-
dren into the schools, and explanations of the mode of procedure
and invitations to mothers, guardians, and friends, were published.
For a time, it seemed to the Superintendent that his labors had
been in vain. All things were ready, and the needy were invited to
come and be sheltered, clothed, fed, and instructed, without price.
Few, very few, responded to the invitation full of gifts. He piped,
but the orphans would not dance. Here was an obstacle unexpected
and from a quarter least suspected. What could be done ? In this
dilemma, Dr. Burrowes resorted to the expediency of visiting various
parts of the State to meet applicants and give personal explanations.
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Erie were selected for this purpoge,
with the intention of making the practice general, if successful.
Though ample public notice had been given of these intended visits,
and their object fully explained, the attendance of the friends of the
soldiers' orphans was so meagre that this mode of procedure was
abandoned.
But during these interviews with mothers and other relatives of
the orplmns, he discovered, in part at least, the nature of the diflSi-
culty. Had the dead Union soldiers and their orphans and the
%y»Uim appointed to bless them, enemies who insinuated falsehoods?
It wa« wliiHiHjred that all the talk about generosity towards the chil-
dren of deceaHCHl soldiers was a scheme to rob the surviving parent
of her children, in order to train them up in some peculiar political
i
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 53
and religious creed I That mothers would not be permitted to have
any intercourse with their children when once they were in the care
of the State, and that they would be at the earliest possible moment
arbitrarily bound out to strangers, without the parents' knowledge
or consent. It is hardly necessary to say that all these objections
were utterly groundless.
However, in order to remove all fears of injustice being done any
denomination of Christians, the Superintendent made definite arrange-
ments with the proper clerical authorities to send the children of
Roman Catholic parentage to institutions controlled by that church,
reserving the right of visitation by State officials and inspection in
regard to intellectual training, comfort, and sufficiency of mainte-
nance and clothing. With Christians of other names, the method
shadowed forth in the " plan " was generally satisfactory, and conse-
quently from that source little difficulty was encountered. Each
principal was directed to conduct morning and evening worship in
accordance with his personal preferences, and, so far as consistent, to
commit the children for religious instruction, in Sunday-school and
chufch, to persons belonging to the same denomination as that pro-
fessed by their parents.
Encountering new and unexpected difficulties on every hand, the
work moved slowly on. In December 31, 1864, after a little more
than six months' hard labor, the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans
made his first report to the Governor. Five schools for the older
and four homes for the younger orphans had been engaged ; but in
these institutions there were something less than one hundred pupils.
Though it would seem almost indispensable, for the continuance of
the system, that such progress should be made, before the Legislature
should again assemble, as to constitute in itself a proof of the wisdom
of the plan adopted, and the most powerful appeal for State aid, the
exhibit was anything but encouraging to the superficial observer;
still, there had been laid a foundation broad and deep, which has
stood the test of years, and upon which there has been erected a
superstructure the beauty and grandeur of which none but a
prophet's eye could have foreseen.
CHAPTER VI,
THE SYSTEM IMPERILLED.
HE friends of the system, dow in its ineipiency, awaited
the action of the Legislature of 1865 with more than
ordinary interest. One year before, the lower branch of
the Assembly rejected the bill framed in accordance with
Governor Cartings instructions by Professor Wickersham, because a
majority of its members was opposed, on the grounds of humanity
and economy, to taking the children away from their surviving
parent and friends and placing them in institutions expensive and
often remote from their homes. The Act, however, which was finally
approved by that body, authorizing the executive to accept and
expend the donation to the soldiers' orphans, contained one significant
clause, 80 brief and unpretending, that possibly it escaped general
observation. That clause related to the method of expending the
gift, and was this : " In such manner as he may deem best." By virtue
of the freedom granted in these apparently unmeaning words, a great
achievement was begun, of the glory of which every Pennsylvanian
may, to-day, justly be proud. Left to the exercise of his own choice,
the Governor, through his appointed agent. Dr. Burrowes, had up to
this time been diligently at work planning a vast scheme of bene-
faction, based upon the presumption that large appropiiations would
be annually made from the State treasury, until every necessitous
child of the soldiers slain in the war for the suppression of the
rebellion, should be gathered into institutions especially appointed
for that purpose, and there be maintained and educated till capable
of self-support.
" Will this grand project, now taking shape, be adopted by the
StaUj and carried on to completion ? or will the preparatory work
64
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orpiTan schools. 55
already done be lost, and the orphans now being gratuitously shel-
tered, clothed, fed, and educated, be disbanded, and sent back to
their mothers and friends with a niggardly annuity, to grow up, for
the most part, amid privations, hardships, and ignorance?" These
were the grave questions which, at this time, the friends of Governor
Curtiu's generous policy often propounded to themselves without
daring to venture an answer.
The Governor, in his annual message to the Legislature of 1865,
called attention to the report of the Superintendent of Soldiers'
Orphans, commending his zeal, fidelity, and efficiency in the dis-
charge of his appointed and difficult duties ; and earnestly recom-
mended that a liberal appropriation be made for the support of the
just and worthy scheme of beneficence which he was laboring to
establish. Encouraging words from this source were not unexpected.
All anxiety centred upon the action of the Legislature. The out-
look was ominous. Mr. Wells, of Susquehanna county, was again
at his post. He it was who, twelve months ago, so persistently
opposed, with his substitute (given in full in the fourth chapter of
this book), the original bill of Professor Wickersham. He, still
desiring to carry out his measures, early in the session, read in place
a bill embodying his views as expressed the previous year. This
proposed law was not discussed, as Mr. John H. Negley, of Butler
county, introduced a similar Act, but containing more to commend
it to the favorable consideration of the liberally disposed, since it
included in its doubtful provisions, in addition to soldiers' orphans,
the brothers and sisters of deceased soldiers. This bill was entitled
" a supplement to the common school law of this Commonwealth,
relating to the maintenance and education of destitute orphan chil-
dren and brothers and sisters of deceased soldiers and sailors,"
The system proposed by this " supplement " was radically different
in scope and object from that contemplated and inaugurated by
Governor Curtin. By its provisions, school directors were required
" to make arrangements for the maintenance and schooling of the
orphans resident within their district, by contracting with suitable
parties, with the consent of the mother, relative, or other friend, upon
such terms that the services of said children sJiall either m whole or in
part be accepted as an equivalent for the necessary expenses incurred in
their maintenance and schooling, and shall make report annually of
such contract to the State Superintendent " of Common Schools. The
amount to be paid, on account of each child, was, in the original
66 Pennsylvania's soldiers* orphan schools.
bill, not to exceed thirty dollars a year; but was amended, on motion
of Mr. Owen Rice, of Northampton county, as follows :
"In all cases where the child or children are entirely dependent upon the
labor of a mother or other relative for support, there shall be paid annually
for each child under eight years of age thirty dollars. For every other child
of the same family, twenty dollars. In ail cases where the child or children
are entirely dependent upon the labor of a mother or other relative for support,
there shall be paid annually, for each child over eight and under ten years of
age, provided that the youngest child of the family is over eight years of age,
twenty dollars. For every other child of the same family, fifteen dollars. In
all cases where the child or children are entirely dependent upon the labor of
a mother or other relative for support, there shall be paid annually, for each
child over ten years of age, provided the youngest child of the family is ten
years of age, fifteen dollars. For every other child of the same family, ten
dollars. In cases where a child is sickly, afflicted with some constitutional
disorder or permanent jjhysical disability, and the certificate of a physician,
legally qualified, declaring that said child is an extraordinary burden upon its
parent or other relative, is attached to the application for relief, there shall be
paid annually the additional sura of twenty dollars. In all cases not provided
for above, and in all cases of temporary sickness, certified as hereinbefore pro-
vided for, there shall respectively be paid one-half of the amount above
enumerated."
Mr. Wells moved to increase the above amounts as follows : " To
etrike out 'thirty' and insert 'fifty;' to strike out 'twenty' and
insert ' thirty ; ' to strike out ' twenty ' and insert ' forty ; ' to strike
out * fifteen ' and insert ' twenty-five ; ' to strike out ' ten ' and insert
* fifteen ; ' to strike out ' twenty ' and insert ' forty.' " The proposi-
tion to increaijc the annuities received opposition from several mem-
bern, among whom was Mr. James R. McAfee, of Westmoreland
county, who, in the course of his remarks, said :
"The object aimed at in Ihiis bill was simply to provide suitable books and
clotldng, HO that these children might have no excuse for not attending our
public schools. Those of us who were concerned in getting up this bill, thought
that that was as far as the Commonwealth w;is prepared to go at this time. I
hope the amendment of the gentleman from Susquehanna will not be adopted."
The amendment was lost, and Mr. Negley's bill passed the House
with no oppoHitiou.
The ftttfi of tlie bill was eagerly watched in the Senate, where it
wa« sent for concurrence. After due consideration, it was reported
from the Senate Committee on Education, with very important
k
OEPHAN SCHOOLS. 57
amendments, which left the whole matter of the soldiers' orphans
where it had hitherto been, in the hands of the Governor and Super-
intendent Burrowes. Senator Wilmer Worthington, of Chester
county, was in full sympathy with the "plan" thus far acted upon;
and, as the report of the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans had
unaccountably been retained in the hands of the printer, he took it
upon himself to explain to his fellow-Senators the degree of progress
made, the nature of the preparatory work done by Dr. Burrowes,
the number of pupils admitted into the different institutions, and to
elucidate all points of interest.
During his remarks, Dr. Worthington said :
"It is for us to say whether we are wilHng to take these children under our
care. Their fathers, their natural guardians and protectors, have gone into the
service of the country, and have sacrificed their lives in defence of our free
institutions and to save the life of the nation. I am sure I need make no
appeal to Senators here, for I know that there is not in this House a man in
whom there is not enough of patriotism to induce him to believe and to say
that it is our solemn duty to provide for these children, who have been thus
left destitute by the casualties of war. I fully appreciate the anxiety of Senators
to save all they can to the. Commonwealth ; but is the Commonwealth not com-
petent, is it not able to provide for these orphan children until they can provide
for themselves? It strikes me that it would be a burning shame upon Penn-
sylvania, if she permitted these children to go destitute after the great sacrifices
that their fathers have made for our country. They are the legacies left to the
Commonwealth by the patriotism of its citizens ; and I deem it to be the solemn
duty of the Commonwealth to take these 'legacies' under its protection, and
make that provision for them which will be most likely to accomplish the object
which has been presented here They are our children. And let me
here call attention to the fact (and it is a source of gratification to me, as I
have no doubt it is to every Pennsyfvanian), that Pennsylvania has inaugurated
this idea. She has been the first among the sisterhood of States to provide for
the children of her deceased soldiers."
While the bill was pending, Senator William A. Wallace, of
Clearfiield county, among other things, said :
" There was an attempt made in the House bill to reach many children that
are not now reached ; but that bill, to my mind, is a lamentable failure on its
face; it is no more than a pauper arrangement, making it a disgrace to the
Commonwealth instead of a noble charity. Let us give the control of this
fund to the Governor and the Superintendent whom he has appointed, and
allow them, in any manner which their experience in the system they are
building up may suggest, to reach these destitute children of the soldiers. Let
58 Pennsylvania's soldiees' orphan schools.
U8 not embarrass them ; let us not put this enactment in a shape in which we
Hliall waste the public money ; but let us receive their experience and their
recomraemlations as our guide I know that the Governor's heart is in
this thing ; and with him and his discretion I am willing to leave it."
Senator Hiester Clymer, of Berks county, while advocating the
wisdom of the bill, as amended by the Senate Committee, gave
utterance to tlie following sentiment :
" There is one reflection, and that is, that an appropriation annually during
these few coming years, if it did nothing more, will leave the State a gainer of
thousands in the years to come. By educating these children, by making them
virtuous and industrious, and giving them the means of earning a livelihood
in the future, and withdrawing them from want, the State places them beyond
the temptation to commit crime, — she removes them from all its miseries. And
we, to-day, till our schools with our orphan children in order that hereafter we
may not till our almshouses and prisons with paupers and criminals I
can only say that by no vote of mine would I in any way interfere with the
general scope of the plan. I believe it to be benevolent ; I believe it to be well
considered ; I believe that in the end it will be eflfective."
Other Senators, also, spoke earnestly in advocacy of the measure.
While none seemed opposed to gathering the orphans into schools,
a few thought that provisions, something similar to those of the
House bill, should also be made for a numerous class of children
whom maternal aflPection would never relinquish to another's care.
At length, however, the opinion prevailed that it would be wise and
eafe to let the orphan fund and the orphans themselves rest in the
custody of the Governor, without any restrictions as to the manner
of expenditure or care; or, in other words, to allow the Superin-
tendent of Soldiers' Orphans to go on gathering orphans into the insti-
tutions already engaged, and to establish others, as fast as practicable,
in those sections of the State not yet provided for. In this view the
Senate was a unit, when, on its final passage, every vote in that
assemblage was cast in its favor.
But the end was not yet. When the bill was sent back to the
House, that body would not concur in the Senate amendments. A
committee of conference was appointed, composed of Senators Wil-
mer Worthington, David Fleming, and Hiester Clymer, and Repre-
•entatives George H. Wells, Harry Hake, and M. S. Quay. With
the exception of Mr. Wells, this committee agreed to recommend
that the House concur in the amendments made by the Senate ; but
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 59
the report was rejected by a vote of forty-six to forty-two. But as
a majority of the representatives was not content that the session
should close without making some provision for the orphan children,
the House reconsidered its hasty action, and the bill was recommitted
to the conference committee, with instructions to reconcile the differ-
ences between the two branches of the Legislature, if possible. The
committee, Mr. Wells still dissenting, a second time recommended
that the House accept the Senate amendments of the bill. This
naturally created a great deal of dissatisfaction. A spirited discus-
sion ensued. Seeing the determination of the Senate to stand by the.
Governor, a number of representatives nobly sacrificed their opinions
and preferences, fearing, if they longer stood out, no appropriation
whatever would be made for the destitute orphans ; and the bill, as
amended by the Senate, finally became a law, by a vote of twenty-
four against and sixty-four in favor of its passage. It is here given
in full:
ACT OF 1865.
Section 1. Be it enacted, <fec., Tliat there is hereby granted the sum of seventy-
five thousand dollars, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropri-
ated, for the education and maintenance, during the year one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, of the destitute orphan children of the deceased sol-
diers and sailors from this State, in the service of the United States, during the
existing rebellion, to be drawn on the warrant of the Governor, as it shall be
needed, and to be expended and accounted for in the manner directed by said
Act.
Section 2. That the conveyances and transfers of the custody, care, and con-
trol of said orphans, till their arrival at the age of sixteen years, heretofore
made, or hereafter to be made, to the State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans,
by their respective mothers, guardians, or next friends, and upon said orphans,
for all the purposes of education and maintenance, till their arrival at said age ;
and that if said orphans abscond, or be withdrawn, without his consent, from
the custody of the Superintendent, or from the institutions in which he shall
place them, they, and all persons withdrawing or harboring them, shall there-
upon become liable to the provisions of the Acts of Assembly relating to
absconding apprentices.
Section 3. That when any of said orphans shall have arrived at the age of
sixteen years, or sooner if deemed expedient, said Superintendent shall, at the
written request of said orphan, and of his or her mother, guardian, or next
friend, put or bind him or her out to such trade or employment, and to such
master, mistress, or employer as shall thus be requested, and for such term as
shall expire, if a male, at or before the age of twenty-one, and if a female, at
or before the age of eighteen years ; in which indenture of apprenticeship there
shall be included such covenants for the further education of the orphan as
60 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
said Superintendent shall prescribe ; and sucli apprenticeship shall be, in all
other respects not herein provided for, subject to the provisions of the Acts of
Aaaemblj relating to masters and apprentices.
This Act appropriating seventy-five thousand dollars for the edu-
cation and maintenance of soldiers' orphans, confirming the plan
then going into operation, and adding one year to the term in which
the children were to remain in the schools, greatly encouraged the
Superintendent. With mind more at ease and hands unfettered, he
continued to push forward his great undertaking. There were yet
many untried details. Principals, who had the schools in charge,
had everything to learn. Their duties were new, and they had the
experience of no one to guide them. To suitably provide and care
for, and properly train, so large a number of children, was, to those
unaccustomed to such responsibilities, a perplexing task ; and it is
not a matter of surprise that complaints in regard to food, clothing
and discipline often reached the ears of the Superintendent. Much
of his time was now necessarily devoted to putting in order and sys-
tematizing the schools already in operation.
In the meantime the demand for more schools was becoming
urgent. There was now no anxiety in regard to a lack of appli-
cants. Requests for admission came pouring in at the rate of from
one hundred to one hundred and fifty a month, till the accepted
applications, for which no school accommodations had been provided,
numbered fully three hundred. Though the action of the last Leg-
islature was somewhat encouraging, yet the permanency of the sys-
tem had by no means become established. The persistent opposition
in the House of Representatives, through which success had been
reached, was too well known to remove all distrust; and it was
therefore still difficult to find proprietors of suitable institutions will-
, ing to negotiate with Dr. Burrowes to admit soldiers' orphans on
such terms as he could offer.
But notwithstanding the many difficulties which beset the infant
project, it made commendable progress, and at the close of the year,
1865, a little more than eighteen months from its origin, eight schools
for the older, and seventeen homes and asylums for the younger
children had been engaged ; and in the former there were in attend-
ance, at that time, seven hundred and ninety-seven^ and in the latter
five hundred and thirty-two pupils, making in all a total of one
thousand three hundred and twenty-nine.
CHAPTER YIL
THE SYSTEM SAVED BY THE ORPHANS.
HE schools began the year 1866 amid trials and discour-
agements. The price of labor and all the necessities of
life were still at war prices. A yard of common muslin
then cost seventy-five cents, and other things were propor-
tionally dear. New bedding and furniture, and additional school
accommodations, had to be provided for the constantly increasing
number of pupils. And, worse than all, the funds appropriated for
the support of the orphans were exhausted.
In December, the Superintendent issued a circular letter to the
Principals, informing them that by the 1st of January all the means
at his command would be consumed, and that they could receive no
more money from the State till the Legislature should make another
appropriation ; and, in the meantime, if they continued to keep the
£>rphans, they would do so at their own risk ; still he encouraged
them to persevere in the discharge of their duties, believing that the
State of Pennsylvania would suffer none to sustain loss who engaged
in a work so beneficent and patriotic.
When it is considered that the men who embarked in this enter-
prise were possessed of limited means; that there were, to say
nothing of the homes, eight advanced schools, with an average of
one hundred pupils each ; that more than three weary months passed
before an appropriation was made, and that business men were very
reluctant to give credit upon so uncertain a guarantee as future
legislative action, some conception can be had of the difficulties
which the pioneers in the cause had to meet and overcome. Grave
fears were entertained, in more than one instance, that the gathered
orphans would be forced to disband for want of food ; but happily
61
62 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
no such calamity befell any of the schools. Yet these adverse cir-
cumstances demoralized the employees, retarded progress, and les-
sened the comforts of the orphans, and gave rise to many complaints
which tended to bring the schools into disrepute.
On the 2d of January the General Assembly met. The Governor,
in his annual message, called the attention of that body to the sacred
duty of continuing support to the adopted system of educating and
maintaining the orphans of soldiers. Superintendent Burrowes'
report was referred to as exhibiting gratifying results, and an appeal
was made to the legislators in language as follows :
" I have heretofore commended this charity to you, and I deem it unneces-
sary to add another word, in asking a continuance of an appropriation which
ifi to provide for and educate the best blood of the State, and support the living
l^acies which have been bequeathed us by the men who laid down their lives
for the country. When we remember that every sort of public and private
pledge that the eloquence of man could devise or utter, was given to our sol-
diers as they went forward, that if they fell, their orphans should become the
children of the State, I cannot for an instant suppose that you will hesitate to
continue an appropriation which is to bless their little ones, providing comfort-
able homes, instead of leaving them in want and destitution, many of them to
fall victims to vice and crime."
It was confidently hoped that the House of Representatives would
take early steps to relieve the pressing wants of the schools, but the
session was rapidly approaching its close and no relief had been
granted. On the contrary, the embarrassed condition of the schools
seemed to give " aid and comfort " to those unfriendly to the system
then on trial. As has been seen, strenuous efforts had been made in
the House of 1864 and that of 1865, to establish an entirely different
method of aiding the orphans from that inaugurated. The time
appeared favorable for making a third attempt ; and there were not
wanting those who were ready to take the lead in the movement.
The Legislature was barely organized, when Mr. James R. McAfee,
of Westmoreland county, introduced a bill similar to those brought
before that body the two previous years. As this was the last
endeavor of the kind, it may be interesting to the curious to read
the entire document.
The proposed law of Mr. McAfee :
A SirPPLKMEMT to the common Rchool law of this Commonwealth, relating to
the iDAintenftQoe and education of destitute orphan children and brothei-s and
■iiten of deoe«Md soldiers and sailors.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 63
Section 1. Be it enacted^ &c., That it shall be the duty of the board of school
directors of each township, ward, borough, or school district of this Common-
wealth, within ninety days, or as soon as practicable, after the passage of this
Act, and annually thereafter, as the Superintendent of Common Schools of this
Commonwealth may direct, to make out a list of orphan children of soldiers or
sailors, or orphaned brothers and sisters of the same, who had been dependent
on them for support, under sixteen years of age, residing in said township, ward,
borough, or school di.>>trict, who are in whole or in part dependent on either
public or private charity, or upon the earnings of a widowed mother for support,
giving the age of each orphan thus left destitute, and the post-office address of
the mother or other relative or friend to whose care the said orphan or orphans
are committed, and shall transmit the same to the county Superintendent of
Common Schools, whose duty it shall be to examine it, and if found to be cor-
rect, to endorse it and forward it to the State Superintendent of Common
Schools.
Section 2. That the State Superintendent shall keep a separate and correct
record of said lists thus transmitted to him from each coimty, in a book provided
for that purpose, which shall be open for inspection in the school department
at all times to all persons concerned.
Section 3. That it shall be the duty of the school directors of every school
district in this Commonwealth, as far as in them lieth, to make arrangements
for the maintenance and schooling of any or all of the orphans above men-
tioned, resident within their district, by contracting with suitable parties, with
the consent of the mother, relative, or other friend appearing on behalf of said
children, upon such terms that the services of said children shall either in
whole or in part be accepted as an equivalent for the necessary expenses
incurred in their maintenance and schooling, and shall make report annually
of all such contracts to the State Superintendent in the manner now provided
for by the general school laws of this Commonwealth.
Section 4. That whenever the mother, relative, or other friend of such
orphans, or the board of school directors shall desire aid, as contemplated by
this Act, he, she, or they shall make declaration, under oath or affirmation,
setting forth that the father of the said orphan or orphans or brother, upon
whom they had been dependent for support, was killed in battle or died of dis-
ease contracted in the military or naval service of the United States, or of this
Commonwealth, specifying the company and regiment, or the name of the vessel
in which he served, if practicable, and also stating the pecuniary circumstances
of the mother or other relative appearing in behalf of such orphans, the age of
the children, their physical condition, together with such other facts as may be
necessary to form a just opinion of the wants of the same ; the said declaration
shall be submitted to the school board of the district in which said orphan shall
reside, who shall examine the same, and if it be found to be correct, it shall be
endorsed by the president thereof, and forwarded to the county Superintendent,
who shall also endorse it if found to be correct, and transmit it to the State
Superintendent, who shall examine the same, and if satisfied that it is correct,
in form and in fact, he shall draw his warrant on the State treasurer for what-
ever amount, in each individual case, he shall deem just and right under the
64 Pennsylvania's soldiers* orphan schools.
facta set forth in the application : Provided, That in no case shall such amount
be more than thirty dollars per annum for each orphan.
Section 5. That in all cases where such orphans as are contemplated to be
benefited by this Act, shall be without parent, relative, or other friend appear-
ing in tlieir behalf, it shall be the duty of the secretary of the school board of
the school district, who shall also be the proper person to make the declaration
provided for in the fourth section of this Act, in lieu of mother, relative, or
friend, to find suitable homes for said orphan children in the district in which
they may reside, or in any adjoining district; and said secretary is hereby
authorized to sign, seal, and execute a contract with such suitable person or
persons, subject to the approval of the board of school directors at a public
meeting thereof, fixing the time for which said orphan child or children shall
remain with said person or persons, the amount of money to be paid for food,
clothing, and schooling, said schooling not to be less than four months in each
and every year, and define particularly the duties and obligations of the parties
to the said contract: Provided, That in every instance the services of the child
shall, if possible, be received as an equivalent for its maintenance and support :
And provided further, That a majority of the board of school directors shall have
power, at any regular meeting thereof, to annul any such contract and declare
the same cancelled, if they shall believe it to be to the interest of said orphan
children to do so.
Section 6. That should any applicant for aid, under this Act, refuse or
neglect to send said orphans of more than six years of age to school, at least
four months in each year, unless sickness or other Providential hindrance
should prevent, such applicants shall not be entitled to receive any further aid*
under this Act, until the end of the school year for which aid is sought ; in
such cases the State Superintendent may require an additional statement, under
oath or aflSrmation, by the teacher or teachers, that such orphans have attended
school regularly for four months, at least, during the previous school year; and
when the State Superintendent is satisfied that such orphans have attended
school as herein above provided, the usual Warrant shall be issued by him.
Section 7. That the secretary of each school board in this Commonwealth
shall be entitled to receive two dollars per day, for each and every day neces-
sarily employed in preparing lists of such orphans as are contemplated herein, .
and for performing such other duties as are imposed upon him by this Act,
which compensation shall be paid out of the common school fund of the dis-
trict : Provided, hotm^er, That he shall be sworn to his account as being correct,
and that the time charged for was employed in the performance of said duties.
Section 8. That the State Superintendent shall be and he is hereby author-
ized to employ an additional clerk in the school department, at a salary not
exceeding twelve hundred dollars per annum, whose duty it shall be to attend
to the buHineas connected with the orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors
under this Act
Section 9. That the State Superintendent shall, as soon as practicable after
the psflMge of tills Act, prepare and forward to the secretary of each school
board in this Coraraonwealth, the proper blanks and instructions necessary to
carry into effect tl»e provi«ions of this Act.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 65
Section 10. That the State Superintendent of Common Schools shall, in his
annual report, make a statement of the number of orphans which have been
returned to his department, the number aided, and the amount expended under
the provisions of this Act.
Section 11. That so much of the Act, entitled. An Act authorizing the (gov-
ernor to accept the donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, approved
the 6th day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four,
as may be inconsistent with the provisiona of this Act, be and the same is
hereby repealed.
The bill was considered at length by the House. No one objected
to granting aid to the orphans. There was, however, a difference of
opinion as to the merits of the established system and the one here
proposed. The plan thus far acted upon was expensive. The num-
ber of orphans seeking admittance to the schools exceeded all expec-
tation. The amount asked for by Superintendent Burrowes, for the
support of the institutions for the ensuing year, was three hundred
thousand dollars. This large sura frightened the fixint-h carted into
the support of the apparently more economical plan of placing the
orphans under the supervision of the officers of the common schools.
Yet but one member ventured to openly urge parsimonious consider-
ations in defense of this expediency. The main plea made in favor
of the new measure was that it would reach all the needy orphans
in the State, while the system in operation had not, and never would,
benefit but a small portion of them. The sincerity of all those who
thus argued should not be called in question, though, viewed in the
light of subsequent events, one is tempted to do so.
Those who were opposed to making a change in the method of
providing for the soldiers' orphans, earnestly and ably defended the
schools, and exposed the defects and littleness of the pet scheme of
the House of- Representatives. Mr. John A. Danks, of Allegheny
county, said he regarded the " whole bill as infamous." Still it was
received with great favor. Fifty-five votes were cast for the bill
and only twenty-two against it. This was on the 8th of March.
This action of the House threatened the destruction of the system,
organized and built up with so much thought and labor ; and offered
no relief to the sorely pressed institutions which had continued to
provide for the orphans, without remuneration, since the opening of
the year.
It was a time of painful anxiety to Governor Curtin, who had
devised and established this scheme of beneficence, the grandest of
66 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
all time ; and those who had espoused and embarked in the cause
were scarcely less concerned. Something must be done. Much of
the opposition arose from gross ignorance of the system. Rumors
were in the air in regard to the neglected condition of the children
at the schools. Invitations had repeatedly been extended to mem-
bers of the Ijegislature to visit them ; but those who most needed
enlightenment did not respond. If Mohammed will not go to the
mountain, the mountain must go to Mohammed. The children from
the three nearest schools made a visit to the capitol, that the legis-
lators might see them, and judge for themselves of the kind of care
and training they were receiving.
On the 16th of March, three hundred and forty -five soldiers'
orphans, from the schools at McAllisterville, Mount Joy, and Para-
dise, arrived in Harrisburg by the noon trains. The girls and boys
were neatly and uniformly clothed — the former in brown hoods, black
cloth cloaks, and checked frocks, and the latter in dark blue gold-
laced caps, blue roundabouts, and gray pantaloons. Each party had
its drum corps. The McAllisterville School, of which Colonel Geo.
F. McFarland was Principal, contained eighty-four boys and sixty-
two girls ; that of Mount Joy, of which Mr. J. R. Carothers was
Principal, fifty- three boys and thirty-five girls ; and that of Paradise,
of which Mr. Seymour Preston was Principal, fifty-five boys and fifty-
four girls. They were loudly cheered on arriving at the capitol,
where they were taken charge of by the citizens, who entertained
them.
At four o'clock they appeared before the members of both Houses
of the Legislature in the hall of the House, which was crowded with
ladies and gentlemen. Governor Curtin and Speaker Fleming, of
the Senate, occupied seats on either side of Speaker Kelly, of the
House.
Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes, State Superintendent of Soldiers'
Orphans, being introduced, spoke at length, explaining the system
of educating and maintaining the orphans. He said the children
present only represented one-third of the orphans in the more
advanced schools, and about one-fifth of the whole number now in
charge of the State ; that it had been noised abroad that these chil-
dren had been starved, kept dirty, and without clothing ; and he
directed the attention of the audience to the little folks present, and
asked them to say whether the report was true. Not a sick child
was left behind ; all wore healthy. Tie thon called on the children
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 67
for soDgs, recitations, and other performances, — Colonel McFarland
taking charge of the exercises.
" Rally Around the Flag, Boys," was then sung with great spirit,
especially by the girls.
Master Henry Albert, a pupil of the McAllisterville School, made
the opening speech, as follows :
Gentlemen: — We appear before you with much backwardness, yet
with some degree of pleasure. Indeed, our hearts were made glad when
we were told that we would be permitted to visit the capital of our State,
and perhaps get to see his Excellency, Governor Curtin, the orphan's
friendy the man whom we all love, and also those good men who took such
an interest in our welfare and provided means for our education and
support.
With all our diffidence, we come with grateful hearts, and in the name
of all the boys and girls I desire to thank you for what you have done.
You have taken us from various parts of the State, and have so arranged
it through your Superintendent, Dr. Burrowes, that we have kind teachers
to instruct us, and from you we receive our food and the clothes we wear.
You have aflforded us an opportunity of becoming good men and women
and good citizens of a great State. Though we are yet young, be assured
we are not ignorant of this great boon, and will ever feel it our duty to
act in such a manner as to fulfil the design intended.
It is our desire to be useful and good, an honor to the State whose chil-
dren we are, and at all times so to live a§ to give you no cause to regret
what you have done and are still doing for us.
It is to you, then, by the direction of Providence, that we are indebted
for our present pleasing condition, and through you can we look into the
future with bright and cheering hopes. My duty is performed when I,
in the name of all the orphans, return our sincere thanks to Govprnor
Curtin, and to you, gentlemen, and through you to the good people whom
you represent. [Applause.]
The girls from Mount Joy then sang the " Dear Old Flag." Mas-
ter David Leche, from Paradise, delivered an original address, which
was really eloquent. He thanked the citizens of Harrisburg for
their kindly entertainment of his fellow-orphans, which they highly
appreciated.
The boys of Paradise sang " Uncle Sam is rich enough to send us
all to School," to the great amusement of the audience.
Master Kobert Booz, of Bristol, Bucks county, son of a color
sergeant killed in the Pennsylvania Reserves, spoke pathetically of
the fallen heroes and the care their orphans were now receiving ;
and the McAllisterville School sang the " Little Octoroon."
68 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
Master George Jacobs, of the McAllisterville School, recited the
" Orphan's Appeal," an original poem, written by Mrs. Nellie Eyster,
of Harrisburg.
POEM.
The lamp was lit, the fire blazed, the long day's work was done,
And 'round the table's ample space we gathered every one, —
My father, mother, little sister, brother Charles and I,—
And just like birds in summer time, the winged hours flew by.
We talked and laughed, we read and sang, and lightly I began
To tell of all the things I 'd have, when once I was a man ;
Then father said, " It is not wrong for wealth or fame to thirst,
But ere they come, my boy must have an education first."
Soon after that the drums were heard resounding through the street,
And almost ere their echoes ceased, brave men had rushed to meet
The angry foe, with hearts resolved to do, to dare, to die,
If needs be, to preserve unharmed our priceless liberty.
'T was mother's hands that buckled on the knapsack father wore,
And mother's tear-stained cheek which told the agony she bore,
As thus he closed the burden of our last united prayer,
" My service to my country, my children to her care."
The light of home was darkened when my father went away ;
I rarely heard my mother laugh, nor cared ive now for play.
Since he who was our main spring of study, work, and mirth,
Had left us but his vacant chair beside our lonely hearth.
Then came the fearful, crushing news a battle had been fought ;
And men exclaimed, " At what a price that victory was wrought I "
But none knew, save the widowed and fatherless that day.
The debt posterity incurred, whose fulness none can pay.
" Our service is our country's ; our. children are its care ; "
This was the bond that robbed the field of half its gnawing care.
The lips which gave the manly pledge have mouldered into dustl
Shall not the land they died to save fulfil the sacred trust?
Oh, Legislators ! Rulers I Men ! around on every side
Stand little ones whose future no tender hand will guide.
Who, powerless to help themselves, as orphan children come,
And in our martyred fathers' names entreat of you a home.
Your public trusts, your lofty work may some day hence be ours;
That we may fill those stations well, oh, educate our powers I
And think not Pennsylvania taxed, if of her wealth is given
That which will elevate her sons, and lead them on to Heaven.
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 69
We love her institutions, her every inch of soil,
And to their preservation we 'II consecrate our toil ;
Then risk not that our future is blindly left to chance,
But strive to make us worthy of our grand inheritance.
To you, most honored ruler of this mighty Keystone State ;
You, whom we love for being good, far more than being great;
You, from whose hands our sires took the standards which they bore;
Whose voice they heard in every fight, "our country's rights restore;'*
Who cheered them on to victory, who wept for them when slain ;
Whose promise to protect us our surety will remain ;
The greatest good, the sweetest peace. He seeth fit to send,
The Soldiers' Orphans pray their God to grant " the Soldiers' Friend."
While delivering the first five stanzas with his face to the audience,
the attention and the interest were such as have not often been
exceeded ; but when, on commencing the sixth, he turned round and
addressed the Governor, the eflfect was such as to make an impres-
sion which no one who watched the scene can ever forget.
The Mount Joy girls then sang
"TENTING ON THE OLD CAMP GROUND."
We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground;
Give us a song to cheer
Our weary hearts, a song of home,
And friends we love so dear.
Chorus.
Many are the hearts that are weary to-night.
Wishing for the war to cease ;
Many are the hearts looking for the right
To see the dawn of peace.
Tenting to-night, tenting to-night.
Tenting on the old camp ground.
We 've been tenting to-night on the old camp ground,
Thinking of the days gone by,
Of the lov'd ones at home that gave us the hand,
And the tear that said " Good-bye I "
Chorus.
We are tired of war on the old camp ground ;
Many are dead and gone,
70 Pennsylvania's soldiees' orphan schools.
Of the brave and the true who 've left their homes,
Others been wounded long.
Chorus.
We 've been fighting to-day on the old camp ground,
Many are lying near ;
Some are dead, and some are dying,
Many are in tears.
Chorus.
Edward and Alice Drinkwater, of the Paradise School, spoke an
amusing dialogue on " Life Insurance."
The McAllisterville drum corps then played " Yankee Doodle."
The following was spoken by Master John W. Dill, a pupil of
McAllisterville School :
"OUR FATHERS."
Honorable Friends :— We appear among you this evening as father-
less ones. Some few of us were orphans before we knew much of a father's
care and a father's love. Most of us, however, can well remember the
parting grief. We heard the last prayer offered around the family altar
by our fathers. We heard the outbursts of crushing sorrow that could
not be spoken. We kissed away the tears as they said, " Good-bye, my
dear little ones ; may God protect you." We saw the quivering lips and
trembling hand as they said farewell to mother, and started off to defend
our country and yours. We knew not what it all meant, yet we were sor-
rowful ; but we have learned that for us it meant orphanage.
Most of us knew not how, or where, or when our fathers died, only as
we were told months after they were dead. Some were killed in the heat
of battle. Some, at the word of command, marched up to the cannon's
mouth, and were blown to atoms. Some pined away and died of wounds
or sickness in hospitals. Some lingered on the gory field when the battle's
shout and the battle's roar had died away, and there breathed out their
patriotic souls to the God of battles.
Others, alas! starved to death at Libby, or Belle Isle, or Anderson-
ville. Oh, how we did beg of our mothers to let us send to them our
dinners and suppers, coarse and humble as they were, when she read to us
that they were dying for want of food.
You know not, dear friends, how we wept when the sad news came
that " father is dead I " Oh, we would not be comforted then. Our mothers
knelt by the old family altar, and prayed that the God of the fatherless
would take care of us. Then, as if in answer to those prayers, came our
p
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 71
good Governor as an angel of mercy and provided these schools for us.
We can never thank him enough for this kindness.
Send us not back to our desolate homes ignorant and dependant as we
now are. Our fathers died for you. Will you not educate us as a recom-
pense for their lives ?
The McAllisterville School saug
"ON, ON, ON," SEQUEL TO "TRAMP, TRAMP, TRAMP."
Oh ! the day it came at last, when the glorious tramp was heard,
And the boys came marching, fifty thousand strong;
And we grasped each other's hands, though we uttered not a word,
As the booming of our cannon rolled along.
Chorus.
On, on, on, the boys came marching,
Like a grand, majestic sea ;
And they dashed away the guards
From the heavy iron door.
And we stood beneath the starry banner free.
Oh 1 the feeblest heart grew strong and the most despondent sure,
When we heard the thrilling sounds we loved so well;
For we knew that want and woe we no longer should endure
When the hosts of freedom reached our prison cell.
Chorus.
Oh ! the war is over now and we 're safe at home again,
And the cause we starved and suffered for is won ;
But we never can forget, 'mid our woe and 'mid our pain.
As the glorious Union boys came marching on.
Chorus.
This was sung with great spirit, and was greeted with much
enthusiasm.
Master Horace Fitery, of Paradise School, delivered the following
oration on
"OUR HEROES."
Ladies and Gentlemen:— The heart swells with unwonted emotion
when we remember our fathers and brothers, whose constant valor has
72 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
sustained, ou the field, the cause of our country, of civilization, and liberty.
On the ocean, on the rivers, on the land, on the heights where they thun-
dered down from the clouds of Lookout Mountain the defiance of the
skies, they have graven with their swords a record imperishable.
The muse herself demands the lapse of silent years to soften, by the
influences of time, her too keen and poignant realization of the scenes of
war — the pathos, the heroism, the fierce joy, the grief of battle. But,
during the ages to come, she will brood over their memory. Into the
hearts of her consecrated priests she will breathe the inspirations of lofty
and undying beauty, sublimity, and truth. By the homely traditions of
the fireside, by the headstones in the churchyard, consecrated to those
whose forms rest beneath the marble slabs at Gettysburg, or repose far oflf
in rude graves by the Rappahannock, or sleep beneath the sea, embalmed
in the memories of succeeding generations of parents and children, the
heroic dead will live on in immortal youth. By their names, their char-
acter, their service, their fate, their glory, they cannot fail. They never
fail who die in a great cause.
The Great Proclamation of Liberty will lift the ruler who uttered it
[applause], our nation and our age, above all vulgar destiny. [Great
applause.]
The bell which rang out the Declaration of Independence has found at
last a voice articulate to " proclaim liberty throughout all the land — unto
all the inhabitants thereof." [Cheering.] It has been heard across
oceans, and has modified the sentiments of cabinets and kings. The
people of the Old World heard it, and their hearts stop to catch the last
whisper of its echoes ; the poor slave heard, and with bounding joy, tem-
pered by the mysteries of religion, he worships and adores. The waiting
continent has heard it, and already foresees the fulfilled prophecy, when
she wills it " redeemed, regenerated, and disenthralled" by the irresistible
genius of universal emancipation [applause] ; yea, America shall be as a
city set upon a hill, whose light may be seen by all the nations of the
world. [Prolonged applause.]
The Paradise School sang " The Angels' Welcome."
Daniel Reeder, of McAllisterville, delivered a poem.
Ma*«ter Captain Frank Fry, of McAllisterville, spoke of the bat-
tles of the war. His reference to Governor Curtin was warmly
received.
Master William Hunter, of the Mount Joy School, delivered the
following
VALEDICTORY.
HONORABLB SbvaTOBS AND REPRESENTATIVES :— We feel ourselves
deeply indebted to you, as well as to our intelligent Governor and kind-
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 73
hearted Superintendent, for your kindness in permitting us to visit our
State capital, and for this pleasant interview, which will be a green spot
in our memories through life.
We thank you sincerely for your noble generosity in providing us with
such comfortable homes, and so favorable opportunities for acquiring a
thorough education.
We promise to improve our inestimable privileges, and to strive to be
what you desire to have us be ; intelligent and good men and women, and
thus repay the State for all its care so lavishly bestowed upon us.
In parting with you, for this time, we would respectfully invite you to
come and visit us at our homes, and see how we do there.
We would bid you an affectionate farewell.
To you, our most faithful and fatherly Superintendent, we would render
our most hearty thanks for your parental care and indefatigable labors on
our behalf
We feel that in you we have a guardian that is deeply interested in our
present and future happiness. ' We bid you Godspeed in your noble work
of attending to the wants of the helpless soldiers' orphans.
We expect to meet and to see you often yet before we leave our schools,
and shall always greet you with pleasure.
To you, kind Principal, in whom we feel that we have made up for the
loss of our own dear fathers; and to you, affectionate teachers, we cannot
properly express our gratitude for what you have done for us. But we
shall endeavor to show, by our future conduct, our appreciation of your
unwearying efforts on our behalf.
We expect to remain under your kind care and instruction for some
time to come, through the beneficence of our worthy Legislature, and are
glad that we need not say to you, farewell !
The exercises on the part of the children were closed by the Mc-
AUisterville School, which sang in a manner so touching as to bring
tears to many eyes unused to weeping.
"THE ORPHAN'S PRAYER."
I LOVE to stay where my father sleeps,
And love to gaze on each star as it twinkling peeps
Through that bending willow which lonely weeps.
Chorus.
O'er my father's grave.
O'er my father's grave,
Through that bending willow
O'er my father's grave. ,
74 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
I love to kneel on the green turf there,
Afar from the scenes of my daily care,
And breathe to my Saviour my evening prayer.
Chobus.
I still remember how oft he led,
And knelt me by him as with God he plead,
That I might be His when the clod was spread.
Chorus.
SPEECH OF GOVERNOR CURTIN.
The Governor being called upon, said ;
I have been in the habit of addressing the Legislature for several years
past, but only in obedience to the directions of the Constitution. I would
add a word to what we have heard. I would say much if I thought it
were necessary. But there is more in the mute eloquence and sad silence
of those children ; more than I can say. I pledged to the brave men who
were encamped here and all over the Commonwealth, when they were
about to go into the public service, that if they fell on the field of battle,
we would take care of their orphan children. [Cheers.]
A Voice — "We will."
My words were applauded. Orators and journalists pledged themselves
to the work. Just before the battle I said it to thousands, and after the
battle, when chaplain and priest and good men poured the words of com-
fort and spiritual consolation into the ears of the dying, I said, your chil-
dren shall be protected. [Cheers.] I do not desire war. I am opposed
to war. I trust our country may never be called upon again to engage in
war. We have shed blood enough ; but if war ever should come again,
here are the boys to fight our battles. They will say, " My father died for
his country, the State pledged itself that his sons and daughters should
be maintained at the public expense : that pledge was redeemed. I would
be an ingrate to my country and my State if I failed to offer my life at the
same shriuo with my brave, dead father." [Cheers.]
I knew that a State so great, so grand, so noble as old Pennsylvania,
would not turn these children out. I know that it will not turn them out
now. [Voices — Never, never.] It will not turn them out; the boys to
crime and misery, the girls to worse — God forbid it should. One morning,
when the people were gathered in their places of worship, in obedience to
my call, to give thanks to Almighty God for the victories he had vouch-
safed ua, two little ragged children appealed to me for alms as I stepped
from my doorway. I learned they were children of soldiers who had
ORPHAN SCHOOI^. 75
fallen in defence of the country. What was my train of thought then ?
I said to myself, is it possible that the people of Pennsylvania, thanking
God for victory, can do so when the children of the brave men who
brought us the fruits of hard fighting and gained us our victories, are on
the streets begging for bread ! [Applause.]
This beneficence, gentlemen, is the result. Pennsylvania has something
whereof to be proud ; she has taken the lead in this matter. Other great
States have followed her. Ohio has such a system. Connecticut is about
inaugurating it. It was only to-day we forwarded to her Governor, in
obedience to her request, the plan embraced in our laws. Other States
will soon follow our example. What a thing to be proud of. All over
the Commonwealth, after a great war, the greatest the world has ever seen,
exhausting our energies and attacking and crippling our finances, I say
we have been able to pay our debts, and at the same ttme take care of our
soldiers' orphans. We boast of the liberality of our people, we boast of
extended charities. I know how beautiful they sound and how noble
they really are, but no charity of the age and of the past can compare
with this. [Applause.]
Were it not for these soldiers, my friends, this capital would be in ashes,
the whole State would be sacked, burned, and ruined ; death and fire and
desolation would have passed over this good old State, and the fair land
would have been smitten with them. I am not here to persuade you. These
children are not here to affect public opinion ; they are here only that the
people may see and judge for themselves. If you are satisfied, then I ask
you to continue this beneficent plan. But if you are not satisfied, let these
children go.
Voices — "Never, never, never."
I will not say more ; yes, I may as well add something ; you may as
well know it now. If this Legislature adjourns without doing these little
people justice; if it neglects its duties, let me say, gentlemen, I have the
power to call you back. [Immense cheering.] Before I leave this, I
pray God that the electric spark may fall upon all ; that we may all deter-
mine to do justice to the poor orphan children, and that we may thus do
ourselves and our great Commonwealfti an honor. [Cheers.]
After the exercises, the children flocked around the Governor, to
whom they were introduced, and who manifested a great interest for
them. The boys then adjourned to the Pai'k, where they were
engaged in drilling and military tactics until supper-time. They
were organized into companies, and drilled by boy officers selected
from their own number. The precision and accuracy of movement
they displayed surprised many, and was pronounced superior to
those of many volunteer orgaitizations.
On Saturday morning, March 17th, all the children, with their
76 PENNSYLVANIA S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
teachers, called upon the Governor at the Executive Chamber, and
had a most delightful and, to them, memorable interview. There
was no speech making or other cold formality; but the soldiers'
orphans were received by the " Soldiers' Friend," in a manner which
evidently made a deep and right impression upon their young hearts.
It was very cheering to them to be told, by such high authority, that
their visit was not only a pleasure to himself, the Legislature, and
the citizens of Harrisburg, but that their own conduct had been
such as to reflect credit upon their heroic fathers and the State.
After the termination of this reception, the schools repaired to the
Court-House, which was crowded to its utmost capacity, and repeated
the exercises of the preceding afternoon, with several other addresses,
to the evident satisfaction of the audience. Again Governor Curtin
addressed the assemblage, as did also General Harrison Allen, a
member of the House of Representatives from Warren county, and
Hon. Edward G. Lee", a member of the House from Philadelphia.
The remarks of these gentlemen were eloquent and appropriate, and
were fully appreciated by those to whom they were so kindly and
cheeringly addressed.
It would also be as pleasant, as it would be creditable to the
schools, to insert here all the addresses of the pupils, but want of
space forbids.
On the occasion of this visit, the conduct of the citizens of Harris-
burg towards the orphans is worthy of honorable record. Had their
number been three thousand, instead of three hundred, every one of
them would have been cordially welcomed into their homes and
kindly entertained.
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, also, to whom the orphans
already owed so much, again showed its generosity by providing for
them free and pleasant accommodations to and from the seat of gov-
ernment.
The simple exhibition of these children, showing their health,
cleanliness, manners, and progress towards respectability, secured for
the system, in which they had been trained, the confidence of the
Legislature, and it was never after called in question.
The bill of Mr. McAfee, which would dole out, as to paupers, a
slender ejastence and a meagre schooling to the defenceless children
of martyred patriots, was sent to the Senate for concurrence, but
there received that treatment which if richly deserved.
It was referred to the Committee on Education, and has never since
been heard from. Mequiegeat in pace.
CHAPTER VIII.
ADDITIONAL OFFICERS APPOINTED.
WING to the increased and rapidly increasing labors of
the Bureau, it became evident to the Superintendent that
the schools could not be efficiently managed without addi-
tional assistance. Accordingly, in April, 1866, he, with
the consent of the Governor, appointed Amos Row, Esq., of Indiana
county. Examiner, and Colonel William L. Bear, of Lancaster county.
Inspector.
Mr. Row was a teacher of long experience and high standing, and
well known to Dr. Burrowes. His duty was to visit all the institu-
tions, to supervise and direct the school-room operations, — intro-
ducing as rapidly as possible the peculiar method of instruction pre-
scribed by the Superintendent, — and to see that the teachers em-
ployed were competent; that school-room accommodations were
ample, and that proper books and suitable school furniture were
supplied. In addition to this, he was required to annually examine
the higher classes in the institutions for the younger pupils, prepara-
tory to making promotions or transfers to the advanced schools.
The efficiency of the Superintendent's plan wa,s greatly improved by
his faithful labors.
Colonel Bear had served his country faithfully during the war,
entering the service as second lieutenant in 1861, and passing up
through the grades of first lieutenant, captain, major, and lieutenant-
colonel, and receiving the compliments of the Secretary of War
" for gallant services in the battle of the Wilderness." Besides his
honorable war record, he had won a good reputation as a teacher.
For ten years he taught in Professor John Beck's Boys' Academy, at
Litiz, Lancaster county, and from that veteran learned many valu-
77
78 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
able lessons in dealing with youth. His duty as Inspector was to
visit regularly all the institutions, and see that the clothes, food, bed-
ding, and persons of the children were in proper condition. He also
looked after the comfort, cleanliness, and ventilation of the buildings,
the state of the grounds and out-houses, and the arrangements for
employing and instructing the boys in farming, gardening, and mili-
tary drill ; and the girls in sewing and household duties. To him,
also, was entrusted the distribution and care of the garments sent to
the schools, and of the materials to be there made up. No one could
be more conscientious in filling a trust than was Colonel Bear, in
looking after the interests of the children, who always hailed his
visits with delight. Having been elected Prothonotary of Lancaster
county, he closed his duties as Inspector with December, 1866, much
to the regret of the orphans and his colaborers.
CHAPTER IX.
THE OFFICERS AND PRINCIPALS IN COUNCIL.
HE first council of Principals was held during the 26th
and 27th of April, 1866, at which time representatives
of all the advanced schools, except Phillipsburg, were in
conference at Lancaster with the State Superintendent,
and the newly-appointed Examiner and Inspector. , Each of the
workers in the new undertaking had learned some lesson which was
of use to all the rest." Among the many topics under consideration,
the industrial feature of the schools received most attention. Hith-
erto, in nearly every school, no regular system of working the chil-
dren had been introduced. Pupils were called from the school-room
with no regard to their recitations or studies. This want of method
was very annoying to teachers, some of whom had introduced a sys-
tem of making work details in such a manner that the duties of the
school-room would not be interfered with. Ail saw the advantage
of the plan, and introduced it into their several schools. This was
the beginning of the now perfected system of making work details,
which has so long been practised, with so much success, in all the
institutions for soldiers' orphans. The conference, in other respects,
was beneficial, greatly promoting uniformity and eflficiency in the
general plan of operations.
79
CHAPTER X.
A TRIP TO PHILADELPHIA. -^THE ORPHANS AND THE
BATTLE-FLAGS.
O history of the schools would be complete which did not
contain an account of the never-to-be-forgotten visit to
Pl^iladelphia, which occurred during the summer of 1866.
A list of the institutions and the members who partici-
pated in this memorable event are here given
Schools.
McAlisterville
Paradise
Mount Joy
CaRRville
Quakertown
North Sewickley.
Harford
Orangeville
Phillipshiirg
White Hall
Principals.
Col. Geo. F. McFarland.
Prof. S. Preston
Prof. J. R. Carothers....
Prof. A. L. Guss
Rev. L. Cort
Rev. H. Webber
Prof. Chas. W. Deans...
Prof. H. D. Walker
Rev. W. G. Taylor
Prof. D. Denlinger
Girls.
Boys.
Teach-
ers.
67
85
7
47
63
6
52
68
5
56
80
6
43
83
5
46
53
4
37
69
5
67
74
4
32
52
4
14
26
3
Ag.
159
116
125
142
131
103
111
139
88
43
Early in the history of the rebellion, the Society of the Cincinnati
of Pennsylvania — an hereditary order, founded by the officers of
the Revolutionary war — presented to the Governor of the State a
sum of money, requesting that it be used to equip volunteers. The
amount wasjiot large, — five hundred dollars, — and the subject being
brought to tlic attention of the Legislature, the Executive was author-
ized to use it, and whatever additional sums might be required, to
procure flags to present to Pennsylvania regiments as they should go
forth to the seat of war, with the wise provision that they be given
back at the close of the conflict, inscribed with the names of the
80
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 81
battles through which they had been borne, and deposited in the
archives of the State. The Fourth of July, 1866, was the day sub-
sequently appointed for their formal return. Eleven hundred and
fifty-seven orphans, children of the men who fell beneath the folds
of those rent and pierced banners, went to Philadelphia to participate
in the imposing ceremony. The railroad authorities of the State
granted them free travel to and from the city ; and while there they
were gratuitously and kindly cared for at the Soldiers' Home, the
Lincoln Institution, the Episcopal Church Home, the Institution for
the Blind, and at private families.
Great preparations had been made that the event might be appro-
priately celebrated. The men .who had served in the late war, so
triumphantly terminated, flocked by thousands from all parts of the
great State, to join in the festivities. An immense procession was
formed, composed of Pennsylvania military organizations. United
States troops and marines in the vicinity of the city, pupils of mili-
tary schools, invalid officers and soldiers of the late war. in carriages,
fire companies in full uniform, soldiers' orphans, — the boys on foot
and the girls comfortably seated in ambulances, singing patriotic
songs, and each bearing a miniature " star-spangled' banner," — and
civil officers of the Commonwealth and invited guests from other
States and the general Government. These were formed into seven
divisions, each commanded by a distinguished general of the late war,
attended by his staff officers, and each division having its proportion
of veterans, who again proudly marched to the familiar strains of
martial music and beneath the dear, old, tattered regimental colors
which they had so often, in the name of God, freedom, and their
country, baptized in fire and blood. The array was such as Phila-
delphia had never before seen. The streets were thronged with men,
women, and children, who vied with each other in patriotic demon-
strations, all along the extended route over which the pageant passed.
The place appointed for the grand ceremony of the day, namely, the
presentation of the flags by General Meade, on behalf of the soldiers,
to Governor Curtin, who received them on behalf of the State, was
in the shadow of the cradle of American liberty. Independence
Square, which had been fitted up and elaborately decorated for the
occasion.
The column began to move at ten o'clock, at the head of which
was the mounted police, spread from curb to curb, clearing the streets
with great difficulty. The front of the procession reached the Walnut
6
82 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
street entrance to the Square at ten minutes to eleven o'clock, up to
which time the people who filled the amphitheatre of seats were
entertained by the singing of the orphan girls and the music of a
band, — it having been so arranged that the girls reached the Square
before the military.
The first to enter the gate was Major-General Winfield S. Han-
cock and staff, followed by Major-General George G. Meade and
staff, at the sight of whom there burst forth from the assemblage
cheer after cheer, whose patriotic fervor carried the listener back to
the memorable days of the war. The band struck up " Hail to the
Chief," and the people rose, waving handkerchiefs and cheering vocif-
erously. The generals bowed their acknowledgments. The Square
soon became filled by the color-bearers, with their standards tattered
and torn, which excited those who saw them to a still higher pitch
of patriotic enthusiasm. The arrival of Governor Curtin, followed
by the orphan boys, was the signal for renewed and prolonged cheers,
especially from the soldiers, who, at a glance, recognized his familiar
face. The platform was soon crowded to excess with citizens dis-
tinguished in the late war, with officers of the army and navy, and
representatives of the State and National Government.
The exercises were opened with the playing by the band of " The
Triumphal March," after which General Harry White, the chairman
of the Committee of Arrangements, stepped to the front of the plat-
form and delivered a well-timed and eloquent address, at the close
of which he called on the Rev. Dr. Brainard to lead the vast con-
course of people in prayer and thanksgiving to the God of nations.
The address to the throne of grace being ended, he next introduced
to the assemblage General Meade, who made the following address :
Governor Curtin : — At the request of the brave and noble men who
on the field of battle represented our beloved State of Pennsylvania, I am
)»cre upon this occasion to present to you, air, the honored Chief Magis-
trate of our Commonwealth, these battle-stained banners, which for four
yeanj were carried by these noble men, amidst the bullets and cannon
roar, and in the face of the enemy. Sir, of all the honors that have been
Mhowered upon me for the humble services which it has been in my power
to render to my country, none have been so grateful to me, and of none
am I 80 proud, as being on this occasion the representative of these hardy
and noble men wlio stand before you. [Applause.] Sir, in the dark days
of 1861, when treaHon and rebellion lifted their impious hands, and the
people of eleven States of this blessed Union, forgetful of the memories
Pennsylvania's soLDiErws' orphan schools. 83
and associations which had bound us together for three-quarters of a cen-
tury, and made us a great and happy people, but blinded by passion, raised
their impious arm and threatened the life of this Government ; at that time
when you, sir, as now, were the Chief Magistrate of this Commonwealth,
it is a matter of historic record that Pennsylvania was the first State to
fly to the rescue of our country, and send her sons to the endangered
capital of the nation. Sir, in that noble procession which to-day has
marched through our streets, at the head of the column were the repre-
sentatives of the men, who, at the first alarm, rushed to the rescue of the
capital, and from that time to the conclusion of the war Pennsylvania was
ever prompt to send her men into the field. More than 380,000 soldiers
carried the banners of their country on the battle-field. When it was
found what the proportions of this war would reach, you, sir, witii a sa-
gacity highly creditable and honorable to you, in conjunction with the
action of the Legislature, devised a banner which should be presented to
the Pennsylvania regiments in the army of the Union. It was no un-
worthy or improper State right which you, on this occasion, claimed. It
was a legitimate pride in the prowess and deeds of valor in the noble sons
of the State, which you were satisfied they would honor and appreciate.
These flags were presented by you on many occasions in the presence of
these regiments. I have often heard your fervent and eloquent appeals to
the soldiers, to their patriotism, and strict attention to their duty. I say
that on this occasion, which is due to you and your personal services in
inspiring the soldiers of Pennsylvania on the field of battle [applause],
the soldiers of Pennsylvania for four years have carried these banners with
honor to themselves and to their native State. [Renewed applause.] I
will not attempt here to recount the deeds of the soldiers of Pennsylvania.
To do 80 would be to repeat the history of this war, for, with few excep-
tions, there is not a battle-field from Gettysburg to Mobile [cheers for
Gettysburg and General Meade] that the ground has not been stained by
the blood of the soldiers of Pennsylvania; and, sir, there is not a State,
either loyal or insurrectionary, which was the seat of war, which does not
at this moment hold within it the honored and sacred remains of the heroes
of Pennsylvania. Whilst we as soldiers of Pennsylvania claim no pre-
eminence over the soldiers of our sister States, we at the same time cannot
acknowledge any; and I claim, sir, in the name and on belialf of the
soldiers of Pennsylvania thiat, in the illustrious roll of honor, whether it
be among the immortal dead or among the distinguished living, that the
names of the sons of Pennsylvania oflScers and soldiers will stand as high
as the representatives of any other State. [Applause.] This war is over;
peace has returned to bless our happy land. By the concurrent action of
the Legislature, it has been determined that you should receive on this
day, sacred to the memory of liberty, these battle-stained banners, that
have passed through their fiery ordeals. In the name of the soldiers of
Pennsylvania, I present to you these banners, which were received from
84 PENNSYLVANIA S SOLDIEEIS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
the State, and which were borne through the war with honor and credit,
and of which we, as soldiers, are justly proud. Receive them, sir, as
mementoes of the prowess and deeds of valor of the noble sons of Penn-
sylvania. Cherish them for all time to come, and place them in the State
capitol, where our posterity for all generations may see them, to know
what their forefathers have done in the hour of trial, and where they may
stand a warning to all future traitors to shun the fate of those who dare
to attempt the life of the nation. [Applause.] I will conclude by praying
the Great Giver of all good that He will bless this great country, upon
which He has been pleased to send peace once again, that never again may
it be necessary for the sons of Pennsylvania to take up arms against those
who should be their brothers, to put down insurrection and civil war and
treason, but that God will ever bless us, that we may be a united and happy
people, so that we shall look back to this day and these colors for the proud
associations they carry with them.
The Governor in reply said :
General and Soldiers of Pennsylvania: — Soon after the com-
mencement of the late rebellion, the Cincinnati Society of Pennsylvania
presented to the Governor of the State a sum of money, which they asked
to be used in the equipment of volunteers. The sum was too small to be
of material service in that respect, and the subject having been presented
to the Legislature, an act was passed directing the Governor to use the
money, and whatever additional sums were necessary, to procure flags to
be carried by Pennsylvania regiments during the war; and with a wise
provision that the flags should be returned to the State at the close of their
service, with proper inscriptions, to be made archives of the Government.
The ceremony of the return of these flags was delayed until all the regi-
ments in service from Pennsylvania had been mustered out; and to-day,
surrounded by your fellow-citizens, and in the presence of high officials of
the National Government, of Governors and officials of sister States, of
distinguished soldiers of other States, and of the army and navy of the
United States, and the representatives of the government of this Common-
wealth, more than two hundred of these emblems of our country's nation-
ality, all of which have waved amid the rapture of strife — all of which
have been carried by Pennsylvanians — are returned untarnished. In
their azure fields the arms of Pennsylvania have been emblazoned, and
her motto, " Virtue^ lAberUj, and Independence" has been written in letters
of fire, with pens of steel, by the gallant men before us and their com-
rades, living and dead, upon every battle-field of the war. The record is
glorious in memories of the past and in hopes of the future.
If I consulted my own feelings, I would receive these flags in silence, for
this occHMion is it« own most eloquent orator. My words cannot add to its
•ublimity. Human lips cannot express such lessons of patriotism, of sac-
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 85
rifice and heroism as these sacred relics sublimely attest. The man is to
be pitied who claims to be a citizen of our America, especially of Penn-
sylvania, who has witnessed these ceremonies without profound emotion,
alike of sorrow and exultation — sorrow for the dead who died for liberty,
exultation in recalling the blessings of God, the laws vindicated and en-
forced by the suppression and punishment of treason, the Government
protected and maintained, until the last armed rebel was beaten down, and
the redeemed Republic emerged from the smoke of battle.
It might be better to accept the momentous lessons taught by these
returned standards without a word. In what adequate language can we
address you, soldiers of the Republic, who live to take part in this ceremony?
We have no words to convey the holy sentiment of veneration and of
reverence for the heroic dead that wells up from every heart in your
presence.
To the men who carried the steel, the musket, and the sabre — to the
private soldier, to the unknown dead — the demi-gods of the war, we this
day seek in vain to express all our gratitude. If there be men more dis-
tinguished than others, more entitled to our highest veneration, it is the
private soldier of the Republic. If we follow him through all the sufferings
and privations of the service, his long, weary marches, his perils on the
out-posts, his wounds and sickness, even in the article of death, we trace
him back to that sentiment of devotion to his country that led him to
separate from home and its ties, and to offer even his life a sacrifice to the
Government his fathers gave him and his children. As the official repre-
sentative of the Commonwealth, I cannot take back the remnants of the
colors she committed to your keeping without attempting to gather into
my arms the full measure of her overflowing gratitude, and lay it at your
feet. I, therefore, present you with the thanks of your cherished mother,
this ancient and goodly Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for the great
glory you have given to her history. She fiilly realizes, and while public
virtue remains she will never cease to realize, that she could better afford
to lose the sources of her natural wealth, her rich fertile valleys, her great
cities, her exhaustless minerals, than to lose from her archives a single one
of these torn, faded, precious, consecrated flags of battle and its history,
and of the brave men who suffered and fought around them. A Common-
wealth may exist without cherishing her material wealth, but no Common-
wealth can worthily, or should exist, which does not cherish, as the joy
of its life, the heroic valor of its children.
In the name of Pennsylvania I gave you these standards, fresh and
whole, and asked you, in all trials, to maintain your loyalty, and defend
them ; and to-day you bring them back to me, torn with rebel shot, sad
with the gloom of some reverses, bright with the light of many triumphs,
but beyond all, saved by your courage from dishonor, reddened by the
blood of your dead brothers, borne over the ridges of a hundred battles,
and planted, at last, upon the summits of victory. Surely State never had
86 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
nobler children, nor received at their hands more precious gifts. What
heroism, excelling the fables of romance ; leading forlorn hopes; charging
into the "imminent deadly breach ;" "riding into the jaws of death till
all the world wondered I " What sufferings of pain and hunger, and out-
rage and death ; what ardent love of country ; what purest love of home ;
what tender messages to mother, wife, children, and betrothed maiden ;
wliat last prayers to God do these old and tattered flags suggest and unfold!
The State will guard them reverently and lovingly until, in the fulness
of time, some genius will arise to marshal their legends into the attractive
order of history, or weave them into the immortal beauty of poetrj^, and
then, at last, will be found fit expression for the part Pennsylvania has
acted in the bloody drama. It will then be remembered that our State
was represented at Fort Sumter, when traitors first fired upon the flag of
the Union, and that the volunteers of Our State first reached the National
Capital, and were at Appomattox Court-House, where traitors fired their
last volley, and in all the terrible intermediate struggles in every rebellious
State, in every important battle on land and water, where treason was to
be confronted and rebellion to be conquered, the soldiers and sailors of
Pennsylvania were to be found confronting the one and conquering the
other — that her people never faltered in their fidelity to their distressed
Government.
It was in due historic fitness, therefore, that the wicked struggle to
destroy the Union should culminate upon our soil, its topmost wave be
dashed against our capital, and its decisive defeat be suffered here, and
accordingly from Gettysburg the rebellion staggered backward to its grave.
Alas! how many other graves it filled before it filled its own. How
many brave and familiar faces we miss to-day who helped to bear these
colors to the front, and on whose graves are growing the wild flowers of
the southern land I
Our words can no longer reach them, nor our gratitude serve them ; but
we thank Heaven that those they loved better than life, are with us; that
the widow of the war, and the orphan children of the soldiers, are within
the reach of our cherishing care. We must never forget that every soldier
of Pennsylvania who died that the nation might live, thereby entitled his
widow to be kept from want, and his fatherless children to find a father in
the Commonwealth.
May the flags which we fold up so tenderly, and with such proud recol-
lections, never be unfurled again, at least in such a war; and may all
mankind, beholding the surpassing power of this free Government, abandon
forever the thought of its destruction. Let us remember, too, that at Get-
tysburg the blood of the people of eighteen loyal States — rich, precious
blood — mingling together, sank into the soil of Pennsylvania, and by that
red covenant are we pledged for all time to Union, to liberty, to nationality,
to fraternity, to "peace on earth and good-will towards men of good will."
Now that the war is over, we give peace to those who gave us war.
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 87
And in the universal freedom, purcliased at so large a cost of blood and
treasure, we give true justice to all men. Under the benediction of even
justice to all, and inviting them to obedience to the law, to industry and
virtue, we offer them the glories of the future and the sacred blessings of
freedom for them and their children. We ask them to forget their malice
and hate, and the counsels of the insane and wicked men who first led
them to strike at the heart of their country, and to return to a participation
in the rich rewards in store for this the freest and most powerful nation on
the earth.
But for you and your comrades, rebellion would have become revolution,
and the enemies of freedom and united nationality would have achieved
their infamous purposes. Under God we triumphed. The right has been
maintained. And to you, in the name of all the people of this great Com-
monwealth, I tender thanks — warm, deep, heartfelt thanks! May your
lives be spared long to enjoy the Government you saved, to illustrate your
country's grandeur, and to enjoy the priceless blessings which must foUov/
from the results of your courage, fidelity, and patriotism.
The State of Pennsylvania, during all your services, has not been
unmindful of you. You were followed to the battle-fields by the bene-
dictions and prayers of the good, and benevolent people carried to you
the contributions of the patriotic and generous at home. Never, at any
time during the war, did this constant benevolence shrink, and always
good. Christian men and women were found willing to endure privation
and sulTering, to reach you on the field and in the hospital. So far as it
was possible, the State always made ample provision for the removal of
the bodies of the slain for Christian interment amid their kindred and
friends. When it was practicable, the sick and wounded were removed
to enjoy the tender watching and care of their friends at home. A7nl as
the crowning glory of this great Commonwealth, she has gathered together
the helpless and destitute orphans of dead soldiers and adopted them as
the children of the Commonwealth. The Legislature of Pennsylvania,
moved by Justice and Christian charity, for three years have made munifi-
cent apj^ropriations of the public money to place within the care of the
State the homeless little ones of your dead comrades. They are to be
brought up as the glory and honor of the State, a monument that Penn-
sylvania raises to the memory of the slain, more enduring than brass or
marble, and in harmony ivith the Christian teachings of her people.
Here are twelve hundred of these children before you to-day, tJie children
of comrades left upon the field of battle, bright jewels in the crown of
glory which encircles this great Commonwealth, the strongest evidence
of the fidelity and patriotism of her people. Let this work be so now
engrafted upon the public policy of the State, that it shall endure until
the last orphan of the Pennsylvania soldier shall be trained, nurtured, and
educated.
This is a hallowed place — this is a hallowed day. Here and now, in
88 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
the name of Pennsylvania, I accept these colors fitly, for we are assembled
upon the birthday in the birthplace of American liberty.
We are forced to contemplate the wondrous march of this people to
empire, to colonization, the Revolution, the Declaration of Independence,
the Constitution, the Kebellion — its overthrow, and the purification of
our Government, and the change of our organic laws by the lesson of dis-
cord, and our hopes for the future, following each other in logical sequence;
and the duty and responsibility of this labor for mankind are devolved by
the grace of God and the hearts and arms of our soldiers upon the loyal
people of this land.
In the presence of these mute symbols of living soldiers [pointing to
the flags]; of yonder touching memorials of our dead soldiers [pointing to
the children]; in fealty to the blood poured out like water; in remem-
brance to the sorrows yet to be assuaged, and the burdens yet to be borne,
the graves yet to be numbered, and the horrors yet to be forgotten ; in
loyalty to our State, to our country, to our fellow-men everywhere, and to
God, let us rise to the height of our great privileges, and place the Ameri-
can Government upon the enduring basis of justice and liberty. This is
the great lesson of the war, and the very rock of political truth. " Who-
soever fulls upon it will be broken, and upon whomsoever it shall fall it
will grind him to powder."
Then our Government will represent the result of American civilization,
and then these old flags will glow with the light of their true meaning,
and the valor of the soldiers of the Republic will receive its just reward
in rendering a memorable service to mankind ; for then, in the words of
our illustrious martyr, we will take care "that the Government of the
people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
And now, having received these standards, he who addresses you has
performed his last official act connected with the military service of the
war, and his relations to you, so long, so intimate, and so cordial, are
severed.
In this, our last official interview, when the ties that bound us so closely
for these eventful years just passed, and the relations so intimate, so cor-
dial are closing, he would be insensible to the constant fidelity, to the
pleasant relations, to the forgiveness of error, to the ready and generous
Rupport, to the many, very many evidences of kindness and affection he
has received from you and your comrades, if he has failed to express to
you his personal obligation and thanks; he recurs with gratification to
the fact that he did for the soldier what he could. He regrets that he
could not have done more. But he will carry with him to his grave, and
leave as a rich legacy to his children, the consciousness that you, at least,
believed that he did what he could for his distressed country, and that,
after the experience of five eventful years, the soldiers of Pennsylvania
deem him worthy of their confidence and respect.
And here, on this last occasion of the war, he returns his thanks to the
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 89
great body of the people of Pennsylvania for their kindness and support,
and to the thousands of benevolent women and men who were always
ready to obey his calls to the succor and relief of their brave and gallant
brethren in the field.
I have done. Farewell, brave men. May God bless you. '
There could not have been a more fitting presence at this cere-
mony than the boys and girls who were made fatherless by the
rebellion. The appropriate and aflfecting exhibition of these " Chil-
dren of the State" was second only to that of the glorious flags
themselves. Strong men smiled on them through their tears, as they
thought of the generous care of the State over them, and at the
same time saw in their orphaned condition the sad results of war
and the dear price of liberty. But who would* not have been one
of them on that day of triumph, — on that grand natal day of the
nation, made doubly glorious by the recent and complete victory over
insolent and gigantic treason ! How enviable was their lot when
they heard the united voices of a grateful people laud the memories
of their slain fathers, and thank Almighty God for the valor that
saved a great nation !
In the long, long years, when every title of nobility has perished
from the earth, will it not be counted more than the blood of royalty,
to be able to trace one's lineage back to the martyrs who were slain
in the Great Battle of Freedom !
CHAPTEE XL
INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED TO THE PRINCIPALS.
HE unwearied labors and organizing powers of Superin-
tendent Burrowes, and the degree of progress now attained,
cannot be better shown than by presenting in full the
instructions issued to the Principals during the month of
October, 1866. Most of the rules then promulgated had been
practically tested in one or more of the schools, while a few of them
were measurably untried. That which is particularly noticeable, as
being at variance with the prevailing methods, are his views in
regard to school-room study and class-r(3om recitations.
THE GENERAL RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF DR. BURROWES
FOR THE ADVANCED SCHOOLS.
The object of the State in taking charge of the destitute orphans of her dead
soldiers is to provide for their education and maintenance. This is to be done
in a manner at once worthy of her and useful to them. In carrying out this
intention, it is to be kept in view, that, while education and maintenance are
both to be provided in proper degree, the one is subordinate to the other ; for
inasnnieh as the soul is the nobler and more valuable, its wants are to be pre-
ferred to those of the body. Neither, however, is to be neglected or stinted.
Education, in its full sense, embraces proper habits of body and development
of conscience Jis well as instruction of mind. All are indispensable to the
formation of right character. All are, therefore, to be provided for and pro-
moted in these schools to the fullest extent of which their officei*8 and teachers
are capable. But, inasmuch as in this complicated jjrocess there must be a
fttarting-i)oint and a department of instruction to whicli all the others are to be
in a certain Hense subsidiary, and inasnujch as the wisdom of the world and the
CU«tom of our ancestors have decided the instruction of the mind to be that
starting-point in the general education of youth,—
T. The regtdar education of these oi'phana in the school-room is hcirby recognized
90
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 91
as and declared to be that deparltnent, in their general instruction, which is to have
precedence in, while it is at the same time to be, as far as practicable, promotive of all
their other necessary studies, pursuits, exercises, and employments. It is in nowise
and at no time to be curtailed or inter-fered with, either for profit in employ-
ment, for the ease of instructors, under pretext of pleasure or exercise for
pupils, or for any other cause, except sickness and those periodical intermissions
and vacations which are the right of youth.
This rule is to be without exception. And when it is considered that only
five hours' work in the school-room, during five of the seven days in the week,
are required of the pupil, and that consequently all the rest of the time is left
for physical labor and recreation, for eating, rest, and sleep, and for religious
instruction, exercises, and worship; it cannot with truth be a«;serted that an
undue draft is thereby made, either upon the pupil's time, energies, or patience,
or that the teacher's labor and professional skill are unduly taxed by devoting
eight hours to the school-room.
The nature of these schools — in which industrial instruction and employ-
ment are to be connected with intellectual, moral, and religious training — : ren-
ders an additional fundamental principle or rule imperative ; and that is, —
II. That cveiy pupil shall have an equal duration and opportunity of school-room
instruction with all the others, and that such instruction shall be adapted to his or her
intellectual condition and wants. Therefore, neither is any larger pupil to be
detained from the school-room for the purposes of labor when the time for
attendance has arrived or during such time (except in regular turn to which all
shall be subject), nor is any junior pupil to be curtailed in the number or dura-
tion of lessons, under pretext of the superior or more pressing wants of the
elder. Each is to have the degree of instruction and attention proper for his
or her age and state of advancement, and a sufficient force of teachers is to be
provided to effect this object.
The rights of children in matters of sleep, rest, and play are as well founded
in reason as those of mental or moral instruction. They cannot be violated
without injury as well as injustice. Therefore :
III. Rising before daylight, in a school or institution for children at least, is neither
promotive of health, comfort, study, nor economy. The damp air of the morning
and the cheerless rooms of the school before either sun or fire has rendered
them pleasant, are as unwholesome as they are comfortless and unpropitious to
mental effort. The same candle-light wasted in the dark hours of the morning,
or rather of the latter part of the night, if properly employed during two or
three hours after sunset, will effect much more in the way of study. While the
school-room is yet warm in winter or begins to be cool in summer, and while
the studies of the day are still fresh in the memory and their accompanying
instructions recent, as much may be effected in the evening as in double the
time during the dark and probably chill morning hours ; or if miscellaneous
reading and voluntary improvement be the work of these hours, as they should
mainly be, the body, the mind, and the spirits will all be in better condition for
effort in the latter part of the day than at any other time. Accordingly, that
kind of early rising, which is really getting up and performing or attempting
to perform the first duties of the day in the dark, is to be avoided.
92 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
rV. Ab re»t, play, and exercise are also rights of childhood, so they are to be not
only allowed in due quantifies, but so reguLaXed as to promote moral and physical
improvement. It is, therefore, the duty of instructors to regulate without im-
properly restraining the amusements of the pupils, and to see to it that, while
cheerfulness and relaxation prevail, nothing detrimental to health or good
morals is practised.
Soldiers' orphans, like all other children, are subject to evil influences, and
will occasionally be guilty of improper conduct. Those influences are, as far
as possible, to be corrected and this improper conduct punished. In cases in
which no other corrective is found to succeed, corporal punishment is to be
administered. But, in order to prevent the abuse of this power, —
V. Every instance of corporal punishment, whether it be the application of the rod,
confinement, to the room, or exclusion from meals, shall be entered in a book kept for
that purpose, by the Principal of the school, with the name of offender, cause, and kind
of punishment, and date. And all corporal punishments shall be inflicted by the Prin-
cipal of tJie school himself, and not by any of the teachers or other employees.
General Distrtbution of Time.
In order to methodize all the operations of the schools and obtain due time
for sleep, food, care of the person, study, work, worship, and play, the following
hours will be observed :
Ist. Pupils will rise about five o'clock in April, May, June, July, August,
and September ; and about six o'clock in October, November, December, Janu-
ary, February, and March, except such details in succession as may be required
earlier to attend to special duties, such as making fires, cooking, feeding ani-
mals, &c. These hours, however, may be varied, according to the month, within
the above limits.
2d. The first thirty minutes after rising shall be devoted to washing the face,
neck, teeth, and hands, combing the hair, and arranging the clothing, &c., for
inspection ; the next fifteen minutes to inspection of the person and clothing by
the proper officer, and the last fifteen minutes of the hour before breakfast to
morning worship.
3d. Breakfast shall be on the table and the pupils called to it at six o'clock
in the summer half year, and at seven o'clock in the winter; and the pupils
aliall be allowed a full half hour for the meal.
4th. The time between breakfast and the opening of school shall be allowed
for play the whole year round, except in haytime and harvest, when the pupils
shall be permitted to aid in the light and pleasant labors of the season till the
regular school hour.
6th. The school shall open with the calling of the roll, at fifteen minutes
before eight o'clock in the morning, and continue till fifteen minutes of twelve
o'clock, with fifteen minutes of recess at ten o'clock.
6th. Dinner shall be on the table at twelve o'clock, and the pupils shall have
a full half hour at table.
7tli. The titne between dinner and the opening of school shall be for play,
except for iuch pupiU as, in their turn, shall be detailed for special duty.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 93
8th. The school shall reopen at one o'clock p. m., and continue till fifteen
minutes of five o'clock P. M., with a recess of fifteen minutes at three o'clock.
9th. The first half hour after close of school shall be devoted to military
drill by the boys and proper physical exercise by the girls, and the remaining
time till supper to play, except by pupils specially detailed for work in their
regular turn.
10th. Supper shall be served and pupils called to it at six o'clock, all the year
round, and a half hour allowed for the meal.
11th. The half hour between supper and seven o'clock shall be for play.
12th. From seven to eight o'clock in summer, and to nine o'clock in winter,
sliall be spent in the main study-hall and under the eye of the Proprietor of
the school himself, in exercises of vocal music, declamation, reading essays,
writing essays and letters, familiar lectures, miscellaneous reatlings, &c. ; an
evening, or part of an evening in each week, as the Principal shall direct,
being devoted to each of these, or other similar employments.
13th. After family worship, in the study-hall, the pupils shall retire to their
rooms at eight o'clock in summer and nine o'clock in winter, and all lights in
bed-rooms shall be extinguished at the end of fifteen minutes from those hours,
respectively.
SCIIOOL-KOOM PKINCIPLES AND EXILES.
In order to interest and aid pupils in their studies, without supplanting health-
ful self-eifort, to overcome as far as practicable the obstacles to combining in-
dustrial pursuits with intellectual culture, and to secure to each pupil an equal
advantage in recitation, the following will be the fundamental rules of instrucr
tion in these schools :
I. The principal teacher shall not, as a general rule, set a task, or hear a lesson, but
shall confine himself to the giving of oral imtruction and assistance in tlie study of the
text-books, in the main study-hdU.
Every student has, on innumerable occasions, felt the want of an intelligent,
kind, and learned friend, while struggling with the difficulties of a new study
or science, — not of one to tell him everything, but to put him in the way to
overcome those difficulties and pass through those dark passages with which
every text-book, no matter how good, does more or less abound. Thousands of
youth have become disgusted with study, and lost their interest in learning, just
for want of such aid. And this aid it is which is indispensable to reconcile the
extremes of the ancient mode of instruction, which was all oral, with the mod-
ern, which is all text-book, and retain the benefits of both, and with them the
interest of the pupil in his work. Accordingly, it will be the duty of the prin-
cipal teacher of each of these schools :
1st. To afford to each pupil, in his seat, and while studying his next lesson
for recitation, on being requested by signal or otherwise, any needed explanation,
suggestion, advice, or aid, as the case may need ; but always so imparted as at
the same time to overcome the difficulty, yet to do so in such manner as to cause
the pupil to exercise his own faculties as much as possible in the efibrt.
2d. To send out the classes for recitation to the examining assistants, in the
recitation-rooms, in their order, and as far as possible by his oversight and
assistance, prepared for successful recitation.
94 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
3d. To have reference, in his instructions, more to the comprehension of the
fundamental! principles and main facts involved in the lesson, than to mere
memorized passages or minute details.
4th. To receive reports daily, or at stated periods, from the examining assist-
ants, showing not only the condition of each class, but of each mind and the
advancement of each mind in each class, so as to be enabled to adapt his own
oral instruction and assistance to the condition and wants of each.
5th. Occasionally, when the state of the study-hall will permit, or when the
Principal of the school can take his place therein, to visit the class-rooms during
recitation, in order to know how his assistants may be discharging their duties,
and to enable him to afford them needed advice and instruction.
II. No text- or lesson-books shall be studied except in school, and during school
hours ; nor, cw a general rule, shall any text-book be allowed in the hands of a pupil,
except in the presence of the teacher.
If the value of the teacher's presence while the pupil is ^studying the lesson
be admitted, nothing need be added as to the danger or loss of time and interest
in study consequent upon his absence. It is therefore taken to be established
that all lessons should be studied in reach of such aid. But, in schools whose
object is to combine intellectual with industrial training, and therefore in which
as large a portion of time as possible is to be secured for the former, without
interference by the latter, the compact confinement of all study within certain
hours and at a certain place, becomes imperative. In fact, it is the indefinite
mixture of the one with the other, and the leaving of both, to a great extent, to
the student's own choice or caprice as to time and place, that have mainly pre-
vented the success of most manual-labor institutions. Still, in the use of the
text-book, even under all proper restrictions, there are certain conditions to be
observed. Among these are :
1st. That few studies shall be pursued at the same time by the same students.
One at a time, till well mastered, would probably make the best scholars in
each ; but, inasmuch as we are omnivorous in mind as well as stomach, and
inasmuch, also, as school-time life is short, three or four may be pursued simul-
taneously. What these shall be after the rudimcntal studies, and their order,
must of course be left to the principal teacher of the school, in view of the
capacity and state of advancement of each pupil. It is, however, insisted on,
that attention be continued, during the pupil's whole continuance in the schools,
to spdling — as the first grace of good writing ; to reading — as the best exercise
of the voice, and a most pleasant social accomplishment ; to writing — as the
practical branch by which more successes in life are commenced, than by any
other ; and to a thorough knowledge of the fundamental principles of arithmetic,
without which no permanent success in business is often effected. Geography,
grammar, &c., have their places, and should come early in the course. But
the«e Khould precede them and be continued till the end.
2d. That topical study is the best. A branch of the subject should be taken
up, 88 a whole, in each lesson, and be recited and contemplated by itself. If
Uk) long for one recitation, it must be divided into two or more; but when the
end iB reached in tliis way, the whole should be reviewed together and regarded
an a whole, and also in ItH relation to the main branch or science.
SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 95
3d. That the miscellaneous or general reading of the pupil should be, as far
as practicable, made to take the same direction as his school-room studies, for
the time being. In all these schools there should be libraries ; and in selecting
books for evening reading, the pupils can readily be induced to prefer those
calculated to throw light upon their school-room labors.
4th. Tliat dictionaries, cyclopedias, digests, and compends be often and liber-
ally resorted to, in aid of text-book study. These will often sare the teacher
labor, afford much light to the pupil, impart to him a habit of reference to
authority of great value in after life, and be an aid in the use of text-books,
second only in value to that of the living instructor.
III. l^he class examiner shall set the tasks and hear the lessons, but not, as a gen-
eral rule, give instruction.
There are three acts or processes in the culture of mind : 1st. Study, or self-
effort, by the mind itself, to acquire knowledge or development by the use of
books and the other appointed inanimate means; 2d. Instruction by the living
teacher, in aid of the imperfections and insufficiency of the dead-book ; and,
3d. Examination by a competent person, to ascertain whether the study of the
book and the instruction of the teacher have effected the object in view, in
reference to the lesson assigned.
If this be the orderly and correct process, based on the nature of mind, the
means employed, and the end desired, then there is neither time nor necessity
for teaching in the class-room. The business of that department is to ascertain
and report the progress effected by the joint action of the two other agencies,
or processes. And all who have closely watched the proceedings in a recitation-
room, in which both instruction and examination are attempted, will probably
acknowledge that neither is satisfactorily accomplished. A few pupils at the
head of the class probably make good recitations; but soon a falling off is per-
ceived, and long before the end of the class is reached, the allotted time has
been consumed in an attempt, on the part of the teacher, to make up by his
own instructions, — which are forgotten as soon as uttered, — for the neglect or
ignorance of the rest. Now, such recitations are a severe, but useless, tax upon
the teacher, at the same time that they injure the pupil, by using him to this
neglect of study and failure in recitation. The true mode is neither to attempt
to add to the knowledge of the pupil making a good recitation, nor to patch up
by useless, because not remembered, instruction a bad one. Let the exact state
of the class be ascertained and reported to the teacher, the master of study ; and,
day after day, under the impulse of his aid and supervision, an improvement
will be visible.
It may, and generally will, happen, in the class-room of a good examiner,
acting on this principle, and with classes properly prepared, that time will be
left at the end of the recitation for general purposes. Perh'aps the best use
that can be made of such creditable moments will be to make some remarks
explanatory of the general principles involved in the next lesson, or to present
some view of the topic of the last, not found in the book. Such aid is legiti-
mately within the sphere of the class examiner, and will be of the greatest
value to his pupils.
Among the special duties of the class examiner, it may be stated that he is:
96 Pennsylvania's soldiers* orphan schools.
Ist. To assign short lessons, but to exact perfect recitations.
2d. To avoid leading questions, or sucli as suggest the answer, in cases where
he is coinpelle<l, by the nature of the subject, to ask questions.
3d. To require all passages for committal to memory to be literally mem-
orized, and not to permit bungling recitals, or the substitution of one word for
another, — accurate memorization being of the greatest value in after life, as
well as due tj> the subject of the lesson.
4th. To see that the portions to be comprehended and reproduced, but not
memorized, are comprehended fully.
5th. To hold the pupil to propriety of language in rendering the substance
of a passage, or lesson. No mispronunciation of words or ungrammatical sen-
tences are to be allowed to pass without correction and explanation. This is
the best mode, after all, of teaching grammar.
6th. To promptly report, for promotion to a superior class or degradation to
an inferior one, every pupil whose progress, or the habitual lack of it, renders
the change due to himself or to his classmates.
7th. To send a class-book to the principal teacher with each class when it
returns from the recitation-room, in which the examining teacher shall date and
Dote the subject and extent of the next lesson, and shall also enter the names
of such pupils as have failed in recitation.
Number of Pupils, Teachers, and Class-Kooms.
As each of these schools has, or is to have, a maximum of one hundred and
fifty pupils, the number of teachers required will be at least four, — that is, one
principal teacher, and three assistants, or class examiners. Of these, the Prin-
cipal, of course, is to be a teacher of large experience, and of sufficient scholar-
ship to afford instruction in all the branches of study pursued in the school.
The' assistants may have less scope of scholarship, but each must be well quali-
fied in the branch or branches committed to his or her class-room.
In this corps of teachers —two of whom should be males and two females —
one should be capable of giving instruction in military drill and calisthenic
exercises, one should be qualified to teach vocal nmsic, and one, if practicable,
should be able to instruct in the rudiments, at least, of linear drawing.
Ah a general rule, it is recommended that the Principal or proprietor of the
school sliall not himself be the principal teacher. His time and attention will
be so much occupied by the general supervision of the establishment and pro-
viding for its wants, as to render it inconsistent, if not impossible, to act also as
the principal teacher. For this position, the better way will be to secure the
servicefl of a competent person, who shall devote his whole time to school-room
duties and the matters connected therewith.
This system will require at least three class-rooms to each school, properly
provided with blackboards, &c., it being inconsistent with its nature to have
any of Uie ieiMous recited in the study -hall.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 97
Programme. — Morning Session.
Or'o BxB«*«.
Ut HALV HOVR.
2D.
3d.
4th.
REOKsa.
6th.
6th.
7th.
15 mia.
7.15-8.
SOmla.
8-8.30.
aOmin.
8.30 -».
SOinin.
(M).30.
SOmin.
9.30-10.
15niin.
10-10.15
30 min.
10.16-10.45.
.10 min.
10.46-11.15.
30 min.
11.15-1 J. 45.
1 Division.
A. Glass,
B. Glass,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
"
Recite,
Spell. Read.
Study.
Spell. Read.
Writing,
Exercise.
Recite.
S. or tt.
Recite,
Mental.
Writing,
Exeroise.
3 Division.
G. Glass,
D. Class,
Reoite,
Menu Arith.
Study,
.Meuu Arith.
Reoite,
Mont.
Recite,
Spell.
Writing,
ExeroiM.
"
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work.
3 DmsiON.
S. Glass,
P. Class,
Recita,
Read.
Study,
W. Arith.
Reoite,
Reiid.
WriUng,
Bxerotse.
Recite.
OIJ. l*ss.
"
Recite,
oy. Less.
Study,
W. Arith.
Study,
Spell.
Reoite,
W. Arith.
Recite
Spell.
i Division.
O. Class,
H. Class,
Recite,
Obj. Less.
Study,
Read.
Reoite,
Read.
Recite,
Read.
\
Writing.
Bxeroiie.
Writing.
Exorcise.
Reoite,
Count. L«sa.
•'
Recite,
Count. Less.
Studv.
Spell.
Recite,
Spell.
Reoite,
Spell.
Noon. — Recess, 75 min. 11.45-1.
Progrannme. —
■Afternoon Session.
Op'o Exbb'8.
Ist HALF HOOB.
2d.
Sd.
4TH.
BTCBte.
6th.
•th.
7th.
SO rain.
1-1.30.
SOmin.
1.30-2.
30 min.
2-2.30.
30 min.
2.30-3.
15 rain.
S-3.15.
SOmin.
S.15-3.45.
Mmln.
3.46-4.15.
SOmin.
4.15-4.45.
I Division. 1
St-i(ly,
A. Cla^s, W. Arith.
B. Class, 1 R-cite,
Maiit. Arith.
■ !
Recite.
W. Arith.
Studv.
W. Arith.
Study,
Qco.or H.
R»cite,
W. Arith.
Recite,
Geo. or Hist.
Studv.
Geo. or Hist.
•'
Study
G. or Comp.
Recite.
O. or Hist.
Recite.
Q. or Comp.
Study
G. or Comp.
Study,
Sp. or Read.
Recite,
Gram, or G.
2 Division.
R'cite,
C. Glass, Rjad.
D. Class, 1 Stuir,
1 Geo."
Study,
Oeo.or H.
Recite,
aeo.
Recite,
Geo.or H.
Studv,
W. Arith.
Stndv.
W. Arith.
Recit€.
W. Arlth.
•'
Recite.
W. Arith.
Study,
Spell, or C.
Study,
R. or Comp.
Recite,
Spell, or C.
Recite,
Obj.L.orC.
Study,
Read.
3 Division.
E. Class.
P. Class,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work,
Work.
Work,
Work,
Work,
"
Study.
Ment. or G.
Recite,
Spell.
Recite,
Ment. or C.
Study,
Tables or G.
Study,
Bead.
Recite,
Tables or G.
4 DimioN.
G. Class,
H. Glass,
Study,
Read.
Recite,
Obj. Less.
Recite,
Read.
Study,
Spell.
Studv.
W. Arith.
Recite,
Spell.
Recite,
W. Arith.
Study,
Drawing.eto.
"
Work, r
Work,
Work,
1
Work,
Work.
Work.
93 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
PROGRAMME OF STUDIES AND DETAILS.
In order to enable this programme to be punctually and successfully put into
operation, the following rules are to be observed :
1st. That the school be divided into four general divisions, each consisting of
two subdivisions or classes, aiid these, as far as practicable, of an equal number
and grade of pupils.
2d. That each pupil be furnished with all necessary books, slates, paper, pen,
ink, pencils, &c.
3d. That every pupil be in his or her seat at the opening exercises of the
school, and also at the close, unless absent at the close on detail for work, in
regular turn.
4th. That a full half hour be devoted to each recitation.
On Wednesday afternoon the A, D, and E classes will write compositions
during the first half hour after recess ; and the B, C, and F classes will have a
similar exercise during the second half hour after recess. These compositions
will be examined, and errors marked by the class examiner the succeeding half
hours. The principal teacher sliall give such aid and instruction, in the prep-
aration of these exercises, as will make them pleasant and profitable, instead
of irksome.
On Friday the A, B, and D classes will receive a lesson on objects, at the time
allotted for the recitation of mental arithmetic. The remaining classes will each
iiave a lesson on objects once a week, on Friday, at the periods designated in the
programme. On the other days of the week this period of time is to be devoted
to orthographical exercises, reviews of previous lessons, etc.
This programme of studies provides for eight hours of exercises in the school-
room every week-day except Saturday ; but inasmuch as each pupil in the school
will be detailed for work, in regular turn, during two of those hours, and have
half an hour of intermissions, there will remain only five hours to each pupil for
frtndy.and instruction, — each recitation being preceded by ample time to prepare
the lesson by study, under the supervision and aid which this system contem-
plates. It is believed that this provision for intellectual training is quite suf-
ficient; and that with proper care, skill, and faithfulness on the part of the
teachers, and industry, patience, and obedience on that of the pupils, the schools
may soon be made to show results alike creditable to themselves and honorable
to the State.
ORDER, NEATNESS, AND WORK.
General Principles.
I. Concnrrcntly with the improvement of the mind and the elevation of the
moral nature, the comfort, health, and efficiency of the body, for the purposes
of life, are to be attended to and promoted by all proper means.
II. Comfort and health being dependent, as far as can be effected by human
meanH, on proper food, clothing, cleanliness, air, exercise, and relaxation, —
tlic?He are to be Becured not only by a sufficiency of each, but their full enjoyment
muHt bo promoted by regular inspection and constant supervision.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 99
II r. Labor, being essential to health and happiness, is also to be such a por-
tion of the life of these children as, on the one hand, not to interfere with their
intellectual or moral development, while, on the other, it shall be of such kinds
as shall fit them for those domestic and social duties which all, no matter of
what calling or profession, should be able to discharge for themselves.
IV. This labor is to be performed so as, at the same time, to be instructive to
the pupils and beneficial to the school, and must, therefore, always be executed
under proper instruction and supervision. Hence,
V. There must be, in each of the schools, a sufficient force of employees to
supervise and direct the pupils in all matters of order, neatness, and work.
VI. There will be, in addition to the Principal or proprietor of the school,
and his wife, — from whose kind and intelligent supervision much is expected, —
A matron, with a male assistant.
A farmer, who shall also be gardener and the master of boys' work.
A nurse.
Two cooks, one of whom shall bake.
Two laundresses.
One chambermaid.
One eating-room girl.
KuLES FOR Order, Neatness, and Work.
1. 4,30 A. M., male attendant arises, makes firea in school-room, recitation-
rooms, and in wash-kitchen.
2. 5.45, bell for pupils to rise.
Male attendants to awaken the boys.
Matrons to awaken the girls.
The chambers aired by lowering upper sashes.
Male attendant assists the boys in washing.
Matron assists the girls in washing.
There are to be at least twenty basins for each sex, and the washing is to be
done in separate apartments, which shall be comfortable and well supplied with
water, towels, combs, wash-rags, soap, and looking-glasses.
The towels shall be changed every day.
Special details to report immediately after washing to cooking department,
eating-room, and farmer for such work as is to be done before inspection.
3. 6.25. Bell for inspection.
6.30. Inspection.
No pupils to be excused from inspection, or roll-call, except those actually
required in the kitchen or eating-room, or such as may be sick.
The Principal, himself, shall inspect and acquaint himself with the condition
of each pupil as to cleanliness of face, neck, ears, hands, and head, — proper
adjustment and cleanliness of clothing, — the condition of hats, boots, and shoes.
Pupils with torn garments, or buttons ofi", shall be directed to report, immedi-
ately after breakfast, to the matron, and have the garments replaced ; and she shall
at once place the defective garments in the hands of the seamstress for repairs.
Pupils not passing inspection in regard to cleanliness of person, shall be
immediately referred to the matron, or to the attendant upon the boys, for
correction of the neglect or oversight.
100 PENNSYLVANIA S SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
No pupil shall be punished who fails to reach the standard required to pass
inspection, unless the fault is manifestly and perversely his or her own.
4. 7 o'clock in winter; 6 in the summer. Bell for breakfast.
The pupils shall pass in order to the eating-hall from the school-room, or
other place of assembly.
The Principal and teachers shall eat at the table with the pupils; and the
foo<l for the pupils shall be the same as that for the Principal and teachers.
Pupils only to be excused from appearing at table by the Principal; and all
shall remain till the time for eating has expired, when they shall retire in order,
as upon entering; except in special cases, when permission to retire has been
granted by the person presiding at the table of the pupils asking to be excused.
A reasonable degree of silence shall be maintained while eating.
The pupils shall be taught to eat decently and observe rules of politeness at
the table.
5. 8 o'clock. School being opened, the regular details are to be sent from
the school-room to work, and not before, and any special details announced.
At the bell for change of details, the pupils at work shall return to school
without awaiting the arrival of the relief.
Not less than six girls shall be at any time employed in the sewing-room, and
08 many more as the force of the school will admit of; but when six will leave
a deficiency of female help for the other departments, the aid of boys will be
resorted to in such kinds of work as are suitable for them.
Di'tJiils for the dormitories, kitchen, eating-room, ete., shall be so made that
pupils shall not be employed more than one week in the same special department.
No labor shall be exacted from pupils during the hours set apart for play ; or
for evening exercises; or after the hour for retiring has arrived.
6. 11.45. School dismissed for dinner, which is to be regulated in the same
manner as breakfast.
1 p. M. School re-assembled.
4.45. School dismissed for the day.
5.30. Supper, to be regulated as breakfast and dinner.
7. 8 o'clock. Pupils retire for the night, passing in order to the dormitories,
accompanied by the matron and male attendant, to see that they go in an orderly
manner to bed.
The matron and attendant shall see that the pupila have a suflSiciency of bed-
clothing for the season, and notify the Principal of deficiencies, that he may
supply them.
Two blankets, one comfort, and two sheets shall be provided for every two
pupils in the winter, and a sufficiency, including two sheets, at other seasons.
The chaff-bag shall be made of strong ticking and well filled with clean •
chaff*, fine-cut straw, or corn husks.
The l)ol8terH shall also be made of good ticking and filled with the same
material as the bod, or feathers when procurable, and covered with muslin cases.
BhectA and bolster cases shall be washed every week.
Not more than two pupils shall be allowed to sleep in one bed.
Night-stooU, covere<l, shall bo near the sleeping apartments and easy of
to every pupil. ,
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 101
The Principal or teachers, before they retire, shall acquaint themselves with
the state of the air in the dormitories, and take all necessary steps to secure a
healthful ventilation.
Clothen-hooks shall be put in each sleeping apartment, sufficient for all the
pupils to hang up their garments.
Wednesday Inspection.
On Wednesday, after the opening of the school, the boys of each class in
turn shall report to the Principal or other competent person for a rigid inspec-
tion as to personal cleanness, discovery and treatment of cutaneous diseases
and the presence of vermin ; and the half hour of each class devoted to recita-
tion on other days shall be employed in this duty.
The girls of the same classes shall report in like manner, to the Principal's
wife or matron, for the same purpose.
This inspection is to be made regularly and rigidly, and in addition to the
daily inspection, and to the bathing of all the pupils on Saturday. The follow-
ing is recommended as the order and time for this examination of the cli
according to the programme of school exercises;
C Class from 8 to 8.30
D " " 8.30 " 9
G " "9 " 9.30
F " " 9.30 " 10
E Class from 10.15 to 10.45
H " " 10.45 " 11.15
A " " 11.15 " 11.45
B " " lp.M." 1.30
Saturday's Operations.
The programme of the morning until after breakfast, the same as on other
days. After breakfast the Principal shall announce the following details for
the next week :
1. Of girls for making beds and sweeping chambers.
2. Of girls for scrubbing and general housework.
3. Of boys to assist the farmer.
4. Of boys to assist in making fires, &c. *
For Saturday :
5. Of boys to clean yard and premises.
6. All boys not on other duty, to black or grease their shoes, wash, and bathe.
It is expected that all work to be performed on Saturday shall be completed
by noon, and every pupil be then clean and neatly clad for dinner.
The afternoon of Saturday shall be entirely for play and recreation, except
that in fine weather one hour shall be employed by the boys in military and
by the girls in systematic physical exercises.
FOOD, CLOTHING, AND HEALTH.
Food.
Wholesome, sufficient, and regular food is all that is needed for childhood.
Rich dishes and dainties are prejudicial. Of course an occasional treat of this
kind will be greatly enjoyed, would do little harm if partaken of in moderation,
and is not forbidden.
102 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
The following, for the present, are tlie regulations on this subject. It being
understood that a sufficiency for all pupils, of at least one of the articles in each
of the numbered lists, shall be on the table at the respective meals :
Breakfast: 1. Bread. 2. Butter, sauce, or molasses. 3. Coffee, tea, chocolate,
or sweet milk, the latter to be warm or cold at the option of the pupil. 4. One
or more of the following articles : Fried mush, fried potatoes, with or without
onions, fried bread, fried or boiled eggs, gravy, boiled potatoes, with skins,
tomato sauce, milk gravy, mackerel or other tish, hash, or any other warm
meat preparation.
Dinna-: 1. Bread. 2. Beef, pork, mutton, veal, poultry, or other meat. 3.
One or more of the following articles : Potatoes, cabbage, parsnips, turnips, car-
rots, green beans, green corn, green peas, hominy, beans, rice, stewed onions,
Btewed beets, or any other vegetable stewed or boiled, vegetable or other soup,
boiled or baked pot-pie, tomato sauce, green apple sauce, salad.
Supper: 1. Bread. 2. Butter or molasses. 3. Coffee, tea, or milk. 4. One
or more of the following articles: Cold meat, hash, stewed fruit, potatoes,
onions, pone or other corn bread, potato soup.
SuTiday Dinner to consist of cold meat, bread, cakes, pies, stewed fruit, &c.
FruU to be given at any meal, when in season, and grown on the premises.
Clothing.
These children are to be plainly but comfortably clad, and their clothes kept
in good repair by the seamstresses, assisted by the female pupils.
Such of the garments as can shall be made at the schools, by the seamstresses,
with the assistance of the girls ; and a reasonable compensation will be allowed
to the Proprietor of the school for his trouble and care in the matter, and for
tlie cutting out and labor by the seamstresses. All the articles worn by the
girls, except shoes, stockings, cloaks, and head dresses, and all those of the boys
except their parade dresses, winter suits, and overcoats, and their shoes, stock-
ings, hats, and caps will be made in the schools.
The uniform of the boys shall consist of a dark bluejacket, with black braid
and gilt eagle button ; dark gray pants, with black braid ; and a blue cloth cap,
with a strip of gold lace.
The other garments of the boys shall be such as the season requires, but as
nearly uniform as may be.
The frills shall wear black cloth cloaks and bonnets in winter, with dresses
of < <.lor simlhir to each other in the same school ; and garments suitable to the
8ea.son at other times.
There shall he a room sufficiently large, and with conveniences for the orderly
keeping of every pupil's wanirolx'.
'Every garment shall he iii:irk((l with the pupil's name, or proper number,
and sliall not he ■. ism u> anoihcr until pernianeiitlv so assigned.
The njaiion -h.ill li.,vr chai-.' of and shall make herself acquainted with the
Mimlx r and ("ndiiiun of the articles in each jjupil's wardrobe ; she shall receive
*^' ' ' ''" ' ''.'> '•"■ <!"ilie- <.r the pupils; and shall see that they are put in
I ' ' , re.idv lor <li-tril)Ution.
' •"'' her own hands, distribute the garments to the pupils, when
PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 1C3
Every pupil shall be furnished with clean undergarments every week.
Clothes-hooks shall be provided at a convenient place, to enable the pupils to
hang their hats and lioods upon during school hours. No torn garments shall
be placed in the wardrobe.
Inspection of New Pupils and Care of Sick.
No orphan is to be excluded from the school on account of any degree of
destitution, or of any disease merely temporary and not in itself dangerous.
The opposite course would defeat the very purpose of the institutions, which
are for the improvement of the physical condition as well as intellect. Still,
due means are to be adopted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease
or other unpleasant condition in the school from a new pupil tlius afflicted.
So in case of sickness of pupils while members of the school, the duty of
providing for their wants and cure is even more incumbent than that of pro-
moting their comfort in health. Accordingly, —
1. Two infirmary rooms shall be set apart in each school, one for the boys
and the other for the girls ; and each shall be provided with the furniture and
appliances necessary.
2. A nurse shall be employed to take charge of all new pupils and keep them
apart from the others, till examined by the physician and pronounced free from
all cutaneous and other contagious diseases ; and also to have the care of all
sick pupils.
3. It shall be her duty to attend upon all diseased pupils, and administer to
them such medicines and remedies as shall be prescribed by the physician, and
also to see that their rooms are kept well ventilated and clean and their gar-
ments often changed ; and that the inmates have such food as their cases may
require.
4. No pupil, either newly arrived or previously in the school, shall be dis-
charged from the infirmary till so directed by the physician.
KELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION AND WORSHIP.
Generaij Principles.
I. It is the right of these orphans, as it is of every child separated from
home training, to receive, and it -is the duty of, tlie teacher to impart, regular
instruction in the principles of religion, as an indispensable element in a proper
education. And in this State, in which Christianity is a part of the law of the
land, — the laws themselves being based upon and conformed to its principles, —
the Christian religion is to be made a part of the course of instruction.
By this it is not meant merely that these children are to be taught those
great principles of morality which are found to conform to the Christian sys-
tem, but that the Christian system itself, as found in the Scriptures, is to be
taught, accompanied with a knowledge of the origin of that system and due
reverence for its Divine Author.
II. As there is no religious belief or observance without preference for some
one or other of the creeds and forms of worship prevailing amongst the various
Christian sects, that creed is to be taught and that form of worship preferred
104 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
for each of these orphans, as far as practicable, which the fatlier himself would
have designated were he alive, or which tlie mother in his stead shall indicate.
This principle cannot, from the nature of the case, be fully observed in every
instance. For, though the schools have been placed in charge of religious men,
and care has been taken to have all the prominent sects represented in the corps
of Principals, yet, as the institutions are so scattered over the whole State that
in most cases it would remove the child too far from the mother to send it to
a school of its own denomination, sectarian religious training must therefore
Imj mainly provided for otherwise. Therefore, —
III. The assistance of the Christian clergy, resident in the vicinity, is relied
on, in this part of the training of the children of their respective denomina-
tions, in the schools.
To efiect this object, a list of the orphans whose parents were of his church
is sent to each clergyman, with a request that, subject to the rules of the school,
he will supervise and guide their religious training, and, as far as convenient,
liave them attend public worship at his church. But, as there are several
schools having no churches or clergy of some of the denominations near them,
this renders it unavoidable, that, —
IV. In all cases in which there is neither clergyman nor church of the
parent's denomination near the school, the orphan thus circumstanced shall, for
the time, attend the church of the Principal, and be instructed in religious
matters with the body of the school ; due respect being always had to the known
religious preference of the deceased father, and no attempts made to proselyte
his child.
Xo other expedient than this is generally practicable in 'such cases. It is
true that there may be, in the variety of teachers in a school, some one agreeing
with pupils thus removetl from church privileges of their own denomination.
These, of course, m.iy and ought to take charge of such pupils as catechumens
of their own church; but in the absence of such instruction, this class of pupils
is to accojnpany the Principal.
EULES FOR EeLIGIOUS WORSHIP AND INSTRUCTION.
1. There shall be morning and evening worship and grace before meat, daily,
at the times specified ; the worship to be in the study-hall, and conducted by
the Pritjcipal or such of the teachers as he shall designate, and to consist, at the
leant, of the reading of a portion of Scripture, singing, aiid prayer.
2. All the pupils of the same denomination shall attend Sunday morning,
afternoon, or evening worshij), as the Principal shall direct, in the church to
which their parents belong, if there be one within convenient distance: Pro-
videtl, that the minister or others furnish them with seats and have an oversight
of them while in attendance. But no pupils of these schools are to attend
night metlings in any church.
3. tlach clergyman, resident in the vicinity of such school, shall have the
privilege of visiting and instructing the children of his own denomination
therein, ns often and at such hours, either on Sunday or a week-day, as
Khali not muU-rialiy interfere with their studies and other pursuits, and as shall
be agreed to by the Prineli.al: Provided, that if there be two ihurcl.es of the
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 105
same denomination, tlie orphans of that denomination shall attend and be
instructed by the minister of the nearest, if there be any question.
4. That there shall be a Sunday-school organized in each school ; the teachers
of wiuch Sunday-school shall be the teachers of the orphan school and such
others from amongst the resident citizens as shall be willing and qualified to
assist, with the consent of the Principal. And that in the formation of the
classes, if there be teachers of different denominations, they shall be put in
ciiarge of chisses of their own denominations respectively.
5. That the habit of reading the Scriptures be encouraged, not only by the
example of the teachers, but by affording such historical, geographical, and
other aids, and by such explanatiotis of the customs and practices alluded to
in many of its parts, as shall render its study interesting and the knowledge of
it more complete.
(). Tliat the practice of individual prayer by the pupils on retiring to bed at
ni;^ht and arising in the morning is to be encouraged, without being forced.
7. That all the pupils be taught to sing psalms and hymns, and encouraged
to join in this delightful portion of public worship on all suitable occasions.
8. That no undue means be resorted to to get up any religious excitement in
the schools, or to effect an ill-considered profession of conversion ; this mo-
mentous step in the life of each individual being better left to the times and
the influences of the Divine Spirit, which will not be withheld from faithful
and i)rayerful instruction.
Sunday Observances.
The time of rising, inspection, worship, and breakfast as upon other days.
Immediately after breakfast, the pupils shall put on their Sunday dress.
At nine o'clock A. m., they will meet for exchange of library books, and each
f^hall be cliarged with the books issued and be held responsible for their proper
care and retunii
At ten o'clock the school shall be called for Sunday-school exercises.
When the pupils go to public worship in the morning, the Sunday-school
will be held at half-past one in the afternoon.
Sunday-school will open with roll call, singing, reading the Scriptures, and
prayer.
Addresses and general exercises on Sunday shall be before the whole
school.
For class instruction, the school shall be divided in four or more divisions.
The duration of the exercises should not be less than one and a half hours ;
and three-quarters of an hour should be spent in class instruction.
Every child who can read with sufficient readiness should be supplied with
a copy of the Scriptures, and receive class instruction. All who cannot read
witli readiness are to receive oral instruction in Biblical truths and have exer-
cises in singing, &c.
There shall be a sufficient number of hymn-books for the pupils.
The school shall be well supplied with maps, charts, cards, and works illus-
trating Biblical history and important events.
The class instruction should be topical, and the same in all the classes ; and
106 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
it sliould also be the subject for review and comment during the Sunday even-
ing exercises.
COBRESPONDENCE WITH HoME.
The manifest design of the State, in the establishment of these schools, is not
to destroy the home feeling, but to act as a father to the fatherless. Corres-
pondence with the mother and other relatives is therefore a right of each of
these orphans; and it is to be as frequent as may be consistent with other
duties, and not to be in any way restrained except for abuse. Therefore, —
Each pupil is to be permitted to write home at least once a month, if so
desired by him or herself. Neither the letters sent nor received are to be sub-
ject to examination by the Principal or any other authority in the school,
except after ascertained violation of truth by the pupil, in former letters sent,
or disturbing sentiments in letters received.
In such cases, but no other, the right of unrestricted correspondence shall be
forfeited and that of examining letters exercised ; but all such cases shall be
reported to the State Superintendent, or one of his officers, at the next visit.
Visits of Mothers.
Frequent visits of parents to their children, while at boarding-school, are not
desirable in any case. These schools are no exemption from the disturbing
practice. Therefore, —
1. Mothers are not to visit the schools oftener than once in each quarter of a
year, and not to prolong their visits beyond one day, except in cases of sickness,
when the visits may be of such frequency and duration as shall be necessary.
2. A mother's room shall be provided in each school, and comfortably fur-
nished with two beds, &c.
3. Mothers shall eat at the table with the pupils, and shall not be charged
anything for their accommodations, unless their stay be prolonged without such
reason as that of sickness, &c.
Vacations.
There shall be one vacation annually in all the schools of this grade, from
the last Friday in July till the end of five weeks from the following Tuesday.
During this time all studies and labor shall cease in the schools, except the
work necessary to carry on the domestic operations.
During, but not to exceed this period, leaves of absence to visit relatives may
be granted by the Principal, to such pupils as shall have deserved it, and have
a comfortable and proper home to visit.
The other minute details in these schools cannot be here specified. They are
left to tlie experience and judgment of the several Principals and their assist-
antfly and may be modified as circumstances shall require. But the main
featured of the Hysteni jih herein set forth will be insisted on, and any departure,
re|)ort4Ml either by the examiner or the inspector of the schools, will, if not at
once corrected, be lield as a sufficient ground for closing the institution in which
Huch violations of rule may occur.
Thomas IT. Burrowes,
Lancaoter, Oct. 13, 1866. Supt. Soldiers' Orphans.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 107
The rule requiring the person in charge of the main school-room,
or " study-hall," to do all the teaching, and the assistants in the class-
rooms to do no teaching, but to confine themselves to examining the
pupils in the lessons assigned, and reporting the standing of each
pupil to " the teacher," has not been retained. But the programme
of studies and work details, the requirements relating to employees
and their duties, the domestic arrangements, the industrial manage-
ment, and the directions for worship and religious instruction, are,
with such modifications as circumstances require and experience has
dictated, in force at the present time (1876).
Immediately after the announcement of the regulations given
above, Examiner Row and Inspector Bear visited the schools in suc-
cession, remaining at each a week or more, and taking charge of
them in their respective departments, for the purpose of putting the
new rules into operation.
CHAPTER XII.
THE RESULTS AT THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1866.
T was still a difficult and embarrassing duty to secure new
schools. Many were unwilling to embark in the under-
taking, suj)posing it liable to suspension ; while others were
deterred by the moderate compensation offered, and the
nigh price of living. But, notwithstanding these hindrances, four
more schools for advanced pupils were established. Three of them
were in the western part of the State, namely, one at Phillipsburg,
Beaver county ; one at Uniontown, Fayette county ; and one at
Dayton, Armstrong county ; and one in the central part of the
State, at White Hall, Cumberland county. For the younger chil-
dren, several additional institutions were also opened. Two of these
were exclusively for soldiers' orphans, one of which was at Anderson-
burg, Perry county, and the other at Jacksonville, Centre county.
Tlie others were charitable institutions, located in the large towns,
namely, The Home for Friendless Children, Wilkesbarre, Luzerne
county ; the Lincoln Institution, and the Church Home (Episcopal),
in Pliiladelphia. Temporary arrangements were likewise made for
the few orphans of colored soldiers, who made application, at the
Home for Colored Children, in Maylandville, Philadelphia, and also
with Asylums for the Blind, Deaif and Dumb, and Fceble-Minded
Children, for the admission of those whose condition rendered them
proper inmates of these several institutions.
The whole number of homes, asylums, and schools receiving the
younger cIuks of orphans, at the end of the year 1866, are here
narucd, together with their locations, number of boys and girls, and
whole number in each institution.
108
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
109
Name.
Pittsburgh and Alleglieny Orphan Asylum.
Home for Friendle&s
Soldiers' Orphans' Home
Kpiscopal Church Home
Itocthester Orphan Home
Zclienople
Jacksonville School
I'liutnaus Orphan House
(Jhildren's Home
St. .lames' Orphan Asylum
Home for Friendl&ss Children
Loyxville Home
Ar>dci*sonburg School
Northern Home
Jhidcsburg Orphans' Home
(urmantown Home
Lincoln Institution
Cimrch Home (Episcopal)
St. John's Orphan Asylum
Cntholic Home for Girls
St. Vincent's Asylum
St. Vincent's Home
HojJie for Destitute Colored Children
Children's Home
Location.
Allegheny City
Allegheny City
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
Beaver co
Butler CO
Centre co
Dauphin co
Lancaster
Lancaster
Wilkesbarre...
Perry co
Perry co
Philadelphia...
Berks co
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
Philadelphia...
York
Total.
Boys.
Girls.
58
38
18
11
17
19
11
14
1
4
2
1
46
39
16
15
75
39
...
14
46
30
66
52
32
22
94
66
36
22
28
23
82
...
%..
14
29
...
...
19
8
6
2
4
3
2
9
14
078
457 i
To-
tals.
96
29
36
25
5
3
85
31
114
14
70
118
54
150
67
51
82
14
29
19
]:;
G
5
23
11. ">5
Tl'.c subjoined table shows the whole number of schools for llie
older orphans that were in operation at the close of 1866, with their
locations, names of Principals, and number of boys and girls, and
total number in each.
Name of School.
Location.
Principal.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Armstrong CO
Beaver co
Beaver co
T.M.Elder
J. H. Mann
W.G.Taylor
Lucine Cort
H. D.Walker
D. Denlinger
A. H. Waters
A. L. Guss
G. F. McFa-land.
S. Preston
J. K. Carothers...
C. W. Deans
53
31
68
99
83
88
48
101
90
88
80
93
32
15
69
44
74
64
24
77
70
68
38
54
85
North Sewickley..
Phillipsburg
Qiuikertown
46
137
143
Columbia co
Cumberland co...
Fayette co
Huntingdon co...
Juniata co
Lancaster co
Lancaster co
Susqueharnia co...
157
White Hall ,
Un ion town
152.
72
Cassville
McAlisterville
Paradise
Mount Joy
178
160
156
118
Harford
147
Total
922
1600
629
1551
d Total
Gran
1086
2686
To each advanced school was attached twenty acres of land.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE REJECTED STONE BECOMES THE HEAD OF THE
CORNER.
HE time at length had arrived for a recognition of the
system by statutory law. It will be remembered that an
attempt to accomplish this object was made in 1864, at
the instance of Governor Curtin, when the cause of the
soldiers* orphans was first urged upon the attention of the Legisla-
ture ; but the measure then failed, owing to the heavy drafts it would
obviously make on the treasury of the State. To avert the disgrace
of establishing a pauper system, the true friends of the orphans, as
was shown in a previous chapter, proposed the short Act, authorizing
the Governor to accept the donation from the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company and expend it as he might " deem best." This was an
adroit flank movement. For the Executive "deemed best" not to
dissipate the fund placed in his hands in relieving the present wants
of the needy, but in laying the foundations of a system which might
ultimately embrace within its ample provisions all the destitute sol-
diers' orphans in the State. In 1865 and 1866 appropriations were
made by the Legislature for these children, without specifying the
method of expenditure ; and these additional sums were consequently
used in developing the generous plan which had been inaugurated
with the gift of a " soulless corporation." It would seem that a
kind Providence had held in abeyance adverse legislative action,
that the system might take root, diffuse its blessing, and gain a place
in the affections of the people, and by degrees educate public senti-
ment to such a point that the State might safely adopt as her own
the grand scheme of beneficence which she had indeed supported,
yet hitherto in a manner disowned.
It remained for Senator George Landon, of Bradford county to
110
A
ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Ill
discover the anomaly, and make it known to the grave body of which
he was a member. Senators were taken by surprise when told that
four hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars had been expended
for the soldiers' orphans in accordance with no law but the pleasure
of the Executive ; and a resolution was immediately adopted, in-
structing the Senate Committee on Education to prepare and report
a bill providing for the education and maintenance of the soldiers'
orphans, and the disbursement of the funds appropriated by the
State for that purpose. As a result of this action of the Senate, the
State adopted a system of schools which she had rejected three years
before. Such were the circumstances under which were enacted,
with no opposition from either branch of the Legislature, the
LAW OF 1867.
Section 1. Be it enacted, <fec., Tliat the Governor of this Commonwealth is
hereby authorized and required to appoint, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, a State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orplians, for three years from
and after the date of said appointment, to be subject to removal, for cause, as
other ofiicers, appointed in like manner, are now, whose oflfice shall be at Har-
risburg, whose salary shall be the same as that of the State Superintendent of
Common Schools and necessary travelling expenses, and who shall give bonds,
with three sureties, to be approved by the Auditor-General, and filed in the
oflfice of the secretary of the Commonwealth, in the sum of twenty thousand
dollars, for the faithful performance of his duties ; the Superintendent shall
have power to appoint one clerk, and the Governor one male inspector and
examiner and one female assistant, each at a salary not exceeding one hundred
dollars per month and necessary travelling expenses, to inspect and examine
the soldiers' orphan schools hereinafter provided for: Provided, That said
Superintendent shall not, during the period of his superintendency, have any
pecuniary interest in any of the said orphans' schools!
Section 2. That the State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans is hereby
authorized and empowered to contract with the trustees, proprietors, or princi-
pals of institutions, now employed as soldiers' orphan homes and schools, pos-
sessing such good and suflficient accommodations as said Superintendent may
approve, and of such other like institutions as may be necessary for the proper
care and maintenance and education, at the expense of the State, and until the
age of sixteen years, of the destitute orphan children of all such deceased sol-
diers and sailors, citizens of Pennsylvania, and soldiers who have served in
Pennsylvania regiments, as have died in the service of the United States, in
the late war to suppress the rebellion : Provided, That the Superintendent may
require the institutions receiving soldiers' orphans over ten years of age, shall
have not less than twenty acres of tillable land, and accommodations for not
less than one hundred and fifty soldiers' orphans, except the Lincoln Institu-
tion, in the city of Philadelphia : And provided further, That said Superintendent
112 pexxsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
of Soldiers* Orphans shall establish at least one such institution for the recep-
tion of soldiers' orphans over the age of ten years, within one year after the
passage of this Act, in each of the twelve normal school districts, now provided
for by law, if, in the opinion of said Superintendent, the Governor concurring,
the same shall be required and practicable: And provided further, That in no
case the State shall become liable, in any manner, for the cost of erecting,
repairing or furnishing any of the institutions employed aa soldiers' orphan
schools.
Section 3. That the State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans is hereby
authorized to receive conveyances and transfers of the custody, care, and con- ,
trol, for all the purposes of education and maintenance, till their arrival at the
age of sixteen years, of said destitute soldiers' orphans, from their respective
mothers, guardians, or next friends ; and all such conveyances and transfers,
lieretofore made, or that may hereafter be made, to the State Superintendent of
Soldiers' Orphans, shall be valid and binding upon said mothers, guardians,
and next friends, and also upon said orphans, till their arrival at the age of
sixteen years ; and if said orphans abscond or be withdrawn, without his con-
sent, from the custody of the Superintendent, or from the institution in which
lie shall place them, they, and all persons withdrawing or harboring them, shall
thereupon become liable to the provisions of the Acts of Assembly relating to
absconding apprentices.
Section 4. That the Superintendent of Soldiers* Orphans shall, by and with
the advice and approval of the Governor, prescribe rules and regulations for
the government of institutions becoming soldiers' orphan schools, designate the
minimum number and grade of employees necessary, specify the character and
quality of food and clothing that shall be furnished, and which shall be similar,
for all institutions of the same grade, in the State, and decide upon a course of
study to be pursued, which course shall embrace, at least, the usual branches
of a good common school education, together with instruction in vocal music,
military tactics, and calisthenics, and the greatest variety possible of household
and domestic pursuits and mechanical and agricultural employments, consistent
with the respective sexes and ages of said orphan children and their school-room
studies; lie shall visit each soldiers' orphan school at least ojice each quarter,
either in person or by deputy, remaining at least twenty-four hours in each.
Section 5. Application for the admission of soldiers' orphans, entitled to the
benefits of this Act, into the institutions established for their education and
maintenance, shall be made by conveyance and transfers to the Superintendent
of Soldiern' Orphans, in accordance with provisions of section third of this Act,
executed, under oath, by the mother, if living, and by the guardian or next
friend, if the mother be dead or has abandoned said orphans; but all applica-
tions must be approved by the board of school directors, controllers, or super-
intending committee of the district, ward, or city in which the mother resides,
if she makes the application, or in which the orphans reside in other cases ;
and tlio Superintendent may require such other certificate from a superintend-
ing committee, which committee shall be appointed and hold office at the dis-
cretion of the SuiHjrintcndent, and by and with the consent of the Governor, oi
from «ueh other source as he may deem necessary.
SfxrriON 0. That said Superintendent be and is hereby authorized and directed
Pennsylvania's soldiers* orphan schools. 113
to procure a school or schools, or home or homes, for the children of the colored
soldiers and sailors wlio fell in the recent rebellion, subject to the same regula-
tions and restrictions provided in relation to the education and maintenance
of the orphans of our white soldiers and sailors : Provided, That when he may
deem it expedient to do so, the said Superintendent may waive the restriction,
in regard to number of acres and extent of accommodation, in the case of
schools or houses for colored orpluins.
Section 7. Tliat all contracts made by said Superintendent sliall be charac-
terized alike by wise economy and a just regard for services rendered; and that
no contract shall be made for a longer period than one year, unless with the
sanction of the Governor, and in cases in which it is clearly the interest of the
State to contract for a longer period ; such period, in no case, however, to exceed
five years: Provided, That all the contracts made under this Act may be
annulled at any time for failure to fulfil the condition^ of such contracts on the
part of any contractor, of which failure the Governor and Superintendent shall
be the judges ; and that every such contract shall be made upon the condition of
the continuance of said soldiers' orphan schools by the Legislature of the State.
Section 8. That the said Superintendent may, with the consent of the Gov-
ernor, aflbrd partial relief, in kind, not exceeding thirty dollars per annum for
each orphan, in cases where, in his judgment, it is proper to sull'er the orphans
to remain with their surviving parents or relations or guardians, and to receive
instructions in the public schools of the Commonwealth.
Section 9. That all bills for the maintenance and education of the soldiers*
orphans shall be paid quarterly, by warrant drawn directly upon the State
Treasurer, signed by the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, who shall file a
receipted bill for the same in the Auditor-General's office before issuing the next
quarterly warrant, which the State Treasurer is hereby forbidden to pay until
such receipted bill is thus filed: Provided, That all amounts appropriated for
the purchase of clothing, and the payment of partial relief, salaries, and inci-
dental expenses, may be drawn by the State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans,
upon the warrants of the Governor, and the bills for the same settled semi-
annually, at the Auditor-General's office, in the usual manner.
Section 10. That the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans shall require
monthly, quarterly, and annual reports, according to such form as he shall pre-
scribe, from each institution receiving soldiers' orphans at the expense of the
State ; and that said Superintendent shall, not later than the first day of Decem-
ber, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and annually thereafter, make
a detailed report to the Governor of this Commonwealth, of all the soldiers'
orphans under his charge, their condition and progress, the numbers of each
respective age, from four to sixteen years, and such other information as he may
deem expedient, together with the statement of receipts and disbursements, by
item, -and estimates for ensuing years.
Section 11. That when any of said orphans shall have arrived at the age of
sixteen, or sooner, if deemed expedient, said Superintendent shall, at the written
request of said orphan, and of his or her mother, guardian, or next friend, put
or bind him or her out to such trade and employment, and to such master or
mistress, or employer, as shall thus be requested, and for such term as shall
8
114 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orwPHAN schools.
expire, if a male, at or before the age of twenty-one, and if a female, at or
before the age of eighteen years; in which indenture of apprenticeship there
phall be included such covenants for the future education of tlie orphan as said
Superintendent may prescribe ; and such apprenticeship shall be in all other
respects, not herein provided for, subject to the provisions of the Act of As-
sembly relating to masters and apprentices, and the supplements thereto.
Section 12. That upon arrival at the age of sixteen years, each of said
orphans Avho shall not desire to be apprenticed to a trade or employment, shall
be restored to the mother, guardian, or next friend, with a full outfit of clothes,
and a certificate, signed by said Superintendent and the Principal of the proper
school, showing .his or her moral standing, and literary and industrial attain-
ments and quaHfications.
Section 13. That the year, for all operations under this Act, shall begin on
the first Monday of June in each year, and end on the day preceding the first
Monday of June of the year next succeeding ; and all appropriations, hereafter
made, shall be for the year, as herein determined, and made in like manner,
and at the same time, as appropriations are now made for the general expenses
of the government.
Section 14. That all Acts, and parts of Acts, heretofore passed, and incon-
Bistent with this Act, be and they are hereby repealed.
This law, which is still in force, was mainly prepared by Colonel
George F. McFarland, then a clerk in the Department of Common
Schools. He was, in the main, in sympathy with the system already
established, and familiar with the- rules and regulations issued by
Superintendent Burro wes for the government of the schools and
homes, and, to a great extent, incorporated them into this Act, be-
sides adding several wise and practical measures. Its results were
beneficial every way. It gave permanency to the project, authority
to the State Superintendent, confidence and courage to the Principals,
and new life and hope to the grand enterprise.
Beset on every hand with difficulties incident to a new and great
undertaking, and haunted continually with fears of suspension. Dr.
Burrowes for nearly three years persevered when others would have
given up in despair; and, as a result of his faith and indomitable
energy, thirty-six schools and homes had been opened to the soldiers'
orphans. Into these three thousand defenceless children had been
gathered, three hundred and fifty thousand dollars had been appro-
priated to their support for the current year, and the system, which
he had so sedulously built up, had been adopted by the State and
placed upon a solid foundation. The success of the magnificent work
was now assured. '
On the thirtieth day of April, 1867, Dr. Burrowes' tenure of oflSce
having expired, his official connection with the soldiers' orphans ceased.
cSyz^is^-^Ca^S^
^?x-^
CHAPTER XIV.
THE TRUST IN NEW HANDS.
JOHN WHITE GEARY.
OVERNOR CURTIN was succeeded in office by Major-
General John White Geary, a distinguished soldier, both
in the Mexican War and in that of the Rebellion. He,
prompted by sentiments of justice and patriotism, entered
heartily into the great and noble work of generously providing for
the unfortunate children, many of whose fathers had perished while
fighting under his heroic leadership. The intelligent sympathy which
he cherished towards the important trust can be best learned from his
own language, relating to the cause, in his first inaugural address :
" And while we would remember * the soldier who has borne the battle,'
we must not forget * his widow and his orphan children.' Among our
most solemn obligations is the maintenance of the indigent widows, and
the support and education of the orphan children, of those noble men who
fell io defence of the Union. To affirm that we owe a debt of gratitude to
those who have been rendered homeless and fatherless, by their parents'
patriotic devotion to their country, is a truth to which all mankind will
yield a ready assent ; and though we cannot call the dead to life, it is a
privilege, as well as a duty, to take the orphan by the hand and be to him
a protector and a father.
" Legislative appropriations have honored the living soldiers and en-
tombed the dead. The people, at the ballot-box, have sought out the
meritorious veterans, and the noble spectacle is now presented of the
youthful survivors of those who fell for their country, cherished and edu-
cated at the public expense. Even if I were differently constituted, my
official duties would constrain me vigilantly to guard this sacred trust.
But having served in the same cause, and been honored by the highest
marks of the public favor, I pledge myself to bear in mind the injunctions
115
116 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
and wishes of the people, and, if possible, to increase the efficiency and
multiply the benefits of the schools and institutions, already so creditably
established, for the benefit of the orphans of our martyred heroes."
In accordance with the recent Act, which authorized the Governor
to appoint " a Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, an Inspector and
Examiner, and a lady Inspector and Examiner," Governor Geary
commissioned, in May, 1867,. Colonel George F. McFarland, of Ju-
niata county, Rev. C. Cornforth, A. M., of McKean county, and
Mrs. Elizabeth E. Hutter, of Philadelphia, to fill respectively the
positions thereby created. At the same time, Mr. John D. Shryock,
of Westmoreland county, was appointed Chief Clerk ; and, subse-
quently, James L. Paul, of the same county, his successor ; and, in
the following July, Edmond R. Sutton, of Indiana county, Messenger
of the Department.
To answer the demands of a curious public, we venture to submit
a brief personal notice of the several ofl&cers to whose hands the
orphan system was now entrusted.
GEORGE FISHER McFARLAND.
Governor Geary very properly selected a wounded soldier, Colonel
George F. McFarland, as Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans. In
the fall of 1862, Colonel McFarland raised a company, principally
from the pupils of his academy, at McAlisterville, Juniata county,
which he took to Camp Curtin, near Harrisburg. In the formation
of the One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, his
company was incorporated into that organization, and he became its
lieutenant-colonel. He participated in the battles of his regiment
till stricken down in the terrible encounter of Gettysburg, in July,
1863, while commanding in the absence of Colonel Allen. He was
wounded in both legs, resulting in the loss of his right, and the dis-
abling of his left, leg, confining him ever since to crutches.
Speaking of the men of his regiment, General Doubleday, who
commanded the First Corps, says : " At Gettysburg they won, under
the brave McFarland, an imperishable fame. They defended the
left front of the First Corps against vastly superior numbers ; covered
it8 retreat against the overwhelming masses of the enemy at the
seminary, west of the town ; and enabled me, by their determined
resistance, to withdraw the corps in comparative safety. This was
on the first day. In the crowning charge of the third day of the
^^.c^
^9n/><^,u,u^
^-1^?-^-w^<^;2^
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 117
battle, the shattered remnants of the One Hundred and Fifty-first
Pennsylvania, with the Twentieth New York State Militia, flung
themselves upon the front of the rebel column, and drove it from
the shelter of a slashing I can never forget the services ren-
dered me by this regiment, directed by the gallantry and genius of
McFarland. I believe they saved the First Corps, and were among
the chief instruments to save the Army of the Potomac and the
country from unimaginable disaster."
As a previous preparation for the work of superintending the
orphans. Colonel McFarland had been engaged in teaching for many
years ; and when the soldiers' orphan schools were devised, he was
among the first to give countenance to the project, by promptly open-
ing his boarding-school at McAlisterville for the reception of the
fatherless children. This institution was recognized by the State
authorities as a soldiers' orphan school on the third of November,
1864, from which time till appointed to the State Superinteudency,
Colonel McFarland had been actively engaged in the work, and was
consequently already deeply interested in the success of the system,
and familiar with it in all its details.
COLUMBUS CORNFORTH.
In the unsolicited appointment of Mr. Cornforth to the responsible
position of Inspector and Examiner of the Soldiers' Orphan Schools
of the State, the peculiar fitness of selecting a wounded soldier to
look after the comforts and training of the children of his fallen
comrades, was again duly recognized. Immediately after the dis-
aster of Bull Run, while the whole loyal North was suffering the
agony of its first defeat, and resolving with intensest earnestness to
crush out the vaunting rebellion, he, yielding to the universal and
patriotic impulse, volunteered as a private in the Bucktail Regiment
(42d Pennsylvania Volunteers), which subsequently " forged itself
a name in the fire " of many battles. This regiment was already in
the field, fully organized, and in camp near Harper's Ferry. He was
dangerously wounded and made prisoner of war on the thirteenth
day of December, 1862, in the first battle of Fredericksburg. While
suffering from wounds and languishing in Libby Prison, he barely
escaped death. While his recovery was still doubtful, he was re-
leased on parole, and brought to the Navy School Hospital, at An-
napolis. Being permanently disabled in his left arm, he was dis-
charged from the United States service on the fifth day of June, 1863.
118 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
Complying with the solicitations of friends in the array, and yielding
to a desire to participate in the struggle until the rebellion should
end, he again entered the service as Chaplain of thfe One Hundred
and Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, which post he hon-
orably filled till the triumphant termination of the war.
While his associations and sufferings in the army prepared him to
sympathize with the orphans of his less fortunate comrades in arms,
his literary attainments, his practical knowledge of the common
school system of the State, and his spotless character, eminently
qualified him to supervise their intellectual and moral training.
He graduated with honors at Union College, Schenectady, New
York, and subsequently received from that institution the honorary
degree of Master of Arts. He studied theology at the Rochester
Theological Seminary ; and when appointed Inspector and Examiner
of the Soldiers' Orphan Schools, he was Superintendent of the
Common Schools of McKean county, Pennsylvania. Unpretending
in manners, and yet persistent in correcting abuses, the " wards of
the State " ever recognize in him a true and tried friend. He still
(1876) fills the position, to which he was appointed in 1867.
MRS. REV. EDWIN W. HUTTER, D. D.
Mrs. Hutter, wife of the late lamented Rev. Dr. Hutter, was a
veteran in the cause of humanity when commissioned lady Inspector
and Examiner, and was, on account of her noted devotion to friend-
less children, urged by Governor Geary to relinquish the pleasures
of a home where abundance and happiness abounded, and devote
her remarkable energies to the welfare of the soldiers' orphans.
Moved by considerations of patriotism and benevolence, she accepted
the trust.
Mrs. Hutter is a daughter of the late Colonel Jacob Shindel, of
Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and granddaughter of Baron Shindel, who,
for many years after his settlement in the Commonwealth, repre-
sented his district in the State Senate. Of her it may undoubtedly
be said, without disparaging the merits of others ;
"My daughters have done virtuously,
But thou excellest them all."
During her married life she has been known by many distinguished
citizens of the Commonwealth. She resided in Washington during
S^^^^i^^. ^-.
^
Pennsylvania's soldiers' okphan schools. 119
the Presidency of Mr. Polk, with whose administration her husband
was intimately associated. At the National Capital, her personal
attractions placed her in the forefront of society. When, however,
her husband exchanged a political life and the pen of an active par-
tisan editor and publisher for that of a Christian pastor, Mrs. Hutter
unhesitatingly relinquished the gayeties of a life at Washington, and
heartily cooperated with her husband in his new and honored field
of labor. While pursuing her active parochial duties, she was unani-
mously elected the first President of the Board of Managers of the
Northern Home for Friendless Children. Of her invaluable effi-
ciency in that office a tithe could not be told. All the children love
her, the managers esteem her, and the trustees are proud of her.
During the late civil war, Mrs. Hutter more than once went to the
"front" to minister to the comfort and relief of the sick and wounded
troops. When the Sanitary Fair was projected, she was elected Presi-
dent of the ladies' branch of the committee of " Labor, Income, and
Revenue," and to her extraordinary ability and zeal are to be largely
credited the unapproachable success of that committee.
As the Lady Inspector in the 'Department of Soldiers' Orphans
she has been indispensable, and has conscientiously discharged the
duties of that onerous position since her appointment in the spring
of 1867. She enjoys the distinction of being the only lady in the
history of the Commonwealth to whom a governor's commission has
been granted.
Mrs. Hutter's name is indissolubly linked with this " broadest
charity in Christendom." The beautiful valleys and the grand old
mountains of the goodly land of Penn have again and again been
traversed, as she has gone from school to school, and from asylum to
asylum, to visit and secure the comfort of the orphans of our fallen
braves. There, too, she ever receives from these orphaned children
a gladsome welcome, for, with childlike instinct, they recognize in
her a true friend.
That she may be spared for many years to pursue her works of
beneficence and mercy in her native State, is the earnest prayer of
all who know her worth.
We have the pleasure of presenting to our readers a fine steel
engraving of this excellent lady, executed expressly for this work.
120 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
JOHN DICKIE SHRYOCK.
When Mr. Shryock entered the office at Harrisburg, its labors were
exceedingly perplexing. Its duties were unfamiliar, not only to him-
self, but to every member of the Department. The amount of busi-
ness was always large, and often pressing and confused ; and yet he
never complained or slighted his work. The books of the office show
how faithfully and diligently he labored. His gentlemanly and unas-
suming manners, and his frank and pure nature, won the affections
and esteem of all associated with him. But his burdens, though self-
imposed, were too heavy for his delicate constitution, and too soon
he began to show symptoms of failing strength. And, yet, unwill-
ing to relinquish his desk, he, deaf to the admonition of friends,
remained at his post, when one less persevering and energetic would
have retired. When, at length, he was obliged to succumb to dis-
ease, he left the Department, amid the. deep regrets and heart-felt
sorrow of his fellow-laborers. He died on the eighth of October,
1871, in the twenty-fifth year of his age.
JAMES LAUGHERY PAUL
was, on the retirement of Mr. Shryock, at the instance of Hon. John
Covode, his personal friend, appointed by Governor Geary Chief
Clerk of the Department, in November, 1868, which position he yet
occupies.
His military record is as follows : He enlisted at Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, August 1, 1861, "for three years or during the war," as a
private, in Company " A," Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, Colonel (afterwards General) Alexander Hayes command-
ing. The regiment was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, Third
Army Corps, General Phil. Kearney's Division. He re-enlisted in
the field as a veteran volunteer, December 10, 1863, at Brandy Sta-
tion, Virginia; and when the time (August 1, 1864,) for which his
regiment enlisted had expired, he was transferred to Company " I,"
One Hundred and Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volun-
teers, and served with it to the close of the war. While in active
service he attained to the rank of second sergeant of his company,
and claims no greater honor than that of having faithfully served
bU country as an enlisted man.
Imniediutely after the surrender of General Lee, he was detailed
as a clerk in the War Department, at Washington, by a special order
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 121
of Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, and served in that
capacity until August 24, 1866, when, after having served for an
unbroken period of five years and twenty-four days, he was mustered
out of the military service, under provisions of an order issued from
the office of the Adjutant-General of the Armies of the United States.
For gallant and long-continued services in the war for the sup-
pression of the late Rebellion, and as a mark of personal regard,
Governor Geary, before retiring from the gubernatorial chair, in
January, 1873, commissioned him to rank as a brevet lieutenant-
colonel, reciting in the commission the names of the following bat-
tles in which he participated, viz. : Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair
Oaks, Orchards, Seven Days' Battles, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Wapping Heights, Auburn Mills, Mine Run, Petersburg, and also
the^Dursuit and capture of the Confederate Army at Appomattox.
EDMUND RANDOLPH SUTTON.
The appointment of Mr. Sutton as Messenger to the Department
proved to be a very fortunate one. The office was then crowded with
business ; and he, from the first, discharged the duties of a clerk, in
addition to the work properly belonging to his position. This favor
was highly appreciated, as the labor of the Department could not be
properly performed by one clerk, and there was provisicm for no
more at that time. Mr. Sutton's ability and faithfulness in the task
which he had gratuitously assumed was in due time appropriately
rewarded. In June, 1871, he was appointed warrant clerk, and has
very satisfactorily filled that situation to the present time (1876).
He wields a ready pen, WTites a bold, legible hand, and is an accu-
rate and rapid accountant. In auditing the accounts rendered
against the Department by the several institutions, amounting annu-
ally to a little less than a half million of dollars, his services are
deemed as almost indispensable.
CHAPTER XV.
THE SYSTEM SETTLED AND ITS DIFFICULTIES.
N Act approved April 9, 1867, providing for the continu-
ance of the education and maintenance of soldiers' or-
phans, and given in full in the thirteenth chapter, exerted
so important an influence upon the future of the system
that it deserves more than a passing notice. Previous to its passage,
the friends of the needy soldiers' orphans honestly differed as to the
best mode of maintaining and educating them, and rival plans were
being constantly discussed in the Legislat-ure and pressed for adoption,
several times greatly endangering the existence of the system which
was being developed. These differences gave the indifferent or hos-
tile opportunities to thwart the efforts of its friends, unsettled the
minds of mothers and children, injured the credit of the proprietors
of schools, who sought to improve their accommodations upon bor-
rowed capital, as most of them had to do, and endangered appro-
priations. It waa generally believed by the best friends of the sys-
tem, who knew the views of the leading men in the Legislature, that
it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to secure additional
State aid for the schools, if this state of things continued.
Happily, however, the passage of the Act settling the system ^nd
providing for ite management removed many of these difficulties, and
advocates of rival plans gradually settled down into the conviction
that the work so well begun would be carried on to completion with-
out any material departure from the plan now crystallized into law
— a conviction that has been realized quite fully thus far. Hence,
the Houi»e of Representatives, the most captious in passing the law,
voted $450,000 per annum, for seventeen months, for the support of
the Bchoob; and though this was cut down in the Senate to $350,000
122
orpha:n schools. 123
per annum, upon a reconsideration of the appropriation bill, on the
last working-day of the session, because the total sum appropriated
for all purposes had to be reduced $800,000, to bring it within the
estimated receipts for the year, there was an implied promise that
induced the Superintendent, the Governor concurring, to conduct the
schools on the basis of $450,000 per annum. This promise was fully
redeemed by the prompt passage of additional appropriations to
meet deficits thus created.
Nevertheless, there were difficulties to be overcome. Colonel Mc-
Farland, in his first annual report says: "Two serious difficulties
met me at the outset in the administration of this trust, and con-
tributed largely to the want of that complete and immediate success,
so much desired : 1, an insufficient appropriation, and, 2, want of
proper accommodations for the advanced schools, system in their
management, and efficiency in the ability and number of the help
employed."
There was a deficit of $31,069.77 for the month of December,
1866. On the first of December, 1866, there were in school fifteen
hundred and forty-six pupils in the advanced, and eleven hundred
and thirty -five pupils in the primary schools, and one hundred and
twenty -five accepted applications on file. Before the Act of April 9,
1867, had become a law, one hundred and thirty-five advanced, and
one hundred and eighty-three primary pupils had been actually ad-
mitited, making sixteen hundred and eighty-one pupils, at $150 for
education and maintenance, and $25 for clothing each per annum,
and thirteen hundred and eighteen pupils in primary schools and
homes, at $105 to $125 per annum, including clothing, — a total of
twenty-nine hundred and ninety-nine pupils actually in the schools,
May 1, 1867, while the accepted applications on file had increased to
three hundred and eighty-three.
The schools were, therefore, running at the rate of at least $450,-
000 per annum, and the House voted that sum. But the gross sum
of the appropriation bill exceeding the estimated receipts nearly
$800,000, the Senate reduced the appropriation to $350,000. To
keep within this sum would have required the discharge of children
actually in school, and a refusal to admit any others, no matter how
needy. The situation was embarrassing, and was the subject of much
anxious solicitude. The result is thus given by the Superintendent
in his report to the Governor :
124 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
" After a full and candid consideration of all the circumstances of the
case, and of the evident intention of the Legislature, as expressed in the
Act of April 9, 1867, and on former occasions, it was determined, your
Excellency concurring, to retain all justly in the schools and homes, to
discharge promptly all arriving at the age of sixteen, and to admit only
the neediest applicants, always giving the preference to the oldest, but in
no event to allow the expenditures to exceed $450,000 per annum, the sum
voted by the House.
" This course, a medium between that injustice that would have rejected,
and a full compliance with the evident intention of the law that would
have promptly admitted all proper applicants, seemed the most prudent
and judicious."
The rate was reduced after June 1, 1867, to $140 per annum each,
exclusive .of clothing, for advanced pupils, and primary pupils pre-
pared for promotion were retained in the homes and primary schools
at the reduced rates paid those institutions. By this course, one hun-
dred and eighty-one additional needy children were admitted during
the seven months closing November 30, 1867, and yet the cost was
kept at $435,080.44. The Legislature justified the faith put in it
by appropriating (February 25, 1868) $31,069.77 for the month of
December, 1866, and $141,561.69 to pay the accrued tind accruing
deficit up till May 31, 1868. This act of generosity and good faith
firmly established the system in public confidence, and forms a record
never equalled in the annals of any country.
Meanwhile, the pressure for admission continued to increase, and
five hundred and forty accepted applications remained on file Decem-
ber 1, 1867.
The second class of difficulties — the want of proper accommo-
dations for the advanced schools, system in their management, and
efficiency in the ability and number of the help employed — was
scarcely less perplexing, and required much delicate and unpleasant
work. Tlie Legislature having passed the law asked for, and appro-
priated large sums of money to carry out its provisions, it was felt
tluit the schools and homes must promptly reach a high standard of
excellence to justify the action of the Legislature, or go down.
HeHC6, to visit these schools and homes, ascertain their condition
aud wants, and provide for their improvement, was the most pressing
business, and the first official act of the Superintende;it was to visit
White Hal! School, in company with Governor Geary (May 1), who
alwavM iMifiTod enthusiastically into every plan and movement cal-
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 125
culated to advance the interest of these schools. In company with
both inspectors, a visit to all the advanced schools and most of the
homes followed as rapidly as possible, and a careful inspection made
of everything relating to the schools and their condition. This visit
and examination developed the following facts :
Most of the institutions were of insufficient capacity for the num-
ber of children received, illy adapted to the purpose, and poorly sup-
plied with the necessary conveniences and comforts. War prices
prevailed, the proprietors were poor, and the system but recently
settled — reasons quite sufficient to account for this state of things.
The educational departments were unsystematic, each institution
having its own course of study and classification. The teachers and
employees were willing and industrious, but often necessarily inex-
perienced. The public, though full of patriotism and sympathy for
the children, but imperfectly understood the system, and hence com-
plaints, groundless or otherwise, were generally magnified, and the
schools did not receive that public sympathy which they needed and
deserved. The number of children applying for admission was large.
On account of insufficient appropriations, only the most needy could
be admitted. This discrimination gave rise to much dissatisfaction
to those who were deferred.
But not least among the difficulties encountered, was the estab-
lishment of a school for
COLORED SOLDIERS' ORPHANS,
for which the Act of April 9, 1867, provided. This was a task of
no ordinary perplexity. The Home at Maylandville had received
a few under twelve years of age, the only institution to which these
children were admitted.
Fortunately the Committee on Colored Soldiers' Orphans, com-
posed of ladies and gentlemen who had made the colored race the
subject of deep solicitude and anxious effort for more than a quarter
of a century, came to the assistance of the Superintendent. After
many conferences and much negotiating, a large building near
Bridgewater, Bucks county, was purchased by the committee, and
opened for the reception of colored soldiers' orphans June 16, 1868.
The twenty-two then at Maylandville were transferred to it and
others admitted, the number reaching one hundred and twenty-four
by the end of the year.
The mothers of these colored children were widely scattered over
126 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
the State, and entirely ignorant of the provisions made. The fact
that they availed themselves of them was largely due to the self-
sacrificing and gratuitous efforts of B. P. Hunt, Esq., the agent of
this committee, who travelled over large portions of the Common-
wealth to visit these mothers, and convey their children to the
school, buying clothing and paying fare when necessary.
Below willbe found the circular, and the names, of the committee
to whose forethought and liberality so many colored people are
indebted :
OFFICE OF THE COLORED SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' ORPHANS
COMMITTEE,
711 Sansom Street.
Philadelphia, June 1st, 1868.
To the Widows and Orphans of the Colm^ed Soldiers and Sailors of Pennsylvania :
The Committee below named now take sincere pleasure in informing you
tliat the State School-Home for our Colored Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans will
be open for their reception on Monday, the 15th of June, under the charge of
Mr. and Mrs. Isaac S. Flint, as Principal and Matron.
The Home is in Bucks county, beautifully situated on the Delaware, sixteen
miles above Philadelphia, from which it carl be easily reached by boat, two
miles and a half below Bristol and one mile from Schenck's Station, on the
Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad, and is the place formerly known as " Bris-
tol College." It is a large substantial brick building, three and four stories
high and two hundred and four feet long, to which is attached a lot of excel-
lent land of thirteen and a half acres, extending to the river, and capable of
producing all the vegetables which will be needed by the School. The premises
coBt $14,000, and are now being fitted up and comfortably furnished at an addi-
tional expeuKC of $5000. For $3000 of the funds thus applied, the Committee
and yournelves are indebted to the Philadelphia Branch of the United States
Sanitary Commission ; for the remainder, to a few — less than one hundred and
fifty — just men and women, mostly of Philadelphia, who contributed it from
tiieir own private means.
The widows and guardians who have already applied for the admission of
orphans, now ninety-nine in number, are directed, under the approval of Col.
McFarland, the State Superintendent, to have them in readiness for removal to
the Bchool-Home by the 15th instant, and to give notice of such readiness to
Bobert R. Cornon, Secretary of the Committee, 711 Sansom Street, or to B. P.
Hunt, 1724 Frank ford Road. Those who have not yet applied will please at
once forward their addresses, with the names and ages of their children, and
Uie name and addrens of the pension agent employed by each, to the same per-
■ona. An agent of the Committee will then call on them at their homes, to
aatiai in making out papers and to conduct the children of all applicants from
thair hoiiMS to the School-Home, free of expense.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 127
Mothers will be permitted to visit the School-Home once a quarter and
remain over night.
There will be a vacation of five weeks every summer, when the children,
who have comfortable homes, will be allowed to visit them.
We again announce that the Orphans of all the Colored Soldiers and Sailors
of Pennsylvania who lost their lives, either by wounds received, or disease con-
tracted in the late Slaveholders' Rebellion, have a right by law to support and
education in this Home at the expense of the State until sixteen years of age.
We entreat you not to neglect this right. In return for the lives which our
brave men of color gave up to the country, the State now offers their children
the highest boon in her power — free education. Let no selfish motive nor
evil counsel deprive them of the precious gift.
Louis Wagner,
Chainnan of the Committee.
Robert R. Corson,
Secretary.
B. P. Hunt,
Treasurer.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Edward S. Buckley,
j. g. rosengarten,
Philip P. Randolph,
Wm. Still,
Wm. W. Justice.
Thomas Webster,
Abraham Barker,
E. W. Clark,
N. B. Browne,
Stephen Colwell,
Rev. Phillips Brooks,
Aubrey H. Smith,
Francis R. Cope,
Ebenezer D. Bassett,
Benj. Coates,
Mrs. Edward Hopper,
Mrs. Wm. Hunt,
Miss Mary E. Jackson,
Samuel S. White,
Horacd H. Furness,
Mrs. Robt. Pettit,
Mrs. Thomas Mott,
" G. C. Franciscus,
" Israel Maule,
" P. Williamson,
" David Meconkey,
" Persifer F. Smith,
" Aubrey H. Smith,
" John F. Frazer,
Ellis Yarnall,
Dr. Jacob F. Holt,
Mrs. Richard P. White,
Miss S. L. Baldwin,
Miss Lucretia Towne,
Mrs. Wm. H. Furness,
Mr. Isabella James,
James A. Wright,
Dr. J. K. Eshleman,
Rudolph F. Kelker,
Geo. Eyster,
A. Updegraff,
Nath. Ellmaker, Jr.
James Black,
Joseph S. Travelli,
Robt. B. Beath,
Wm. Windle,
Samuel Evans,
Addison May,
Samuel Cabeen,
Elizabeth Cabeen,
Charles W. Pierce,
Sarah H. Pierce,
Robert Purvis.
Had it not been for the eflficient services rendered by the above
committee, it is more than probable that the State Superintendent
would not have succeeded in providing a school for this class of de-
serving and unfortunate children.
Other schools, also, were established, while others enlarged their
accommodations, and some were closed. A watering-place, at Ches-
128 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
ter Springs, Chester county, well located, and possessing capacity for
some three hundred pupils, was opened, and the Quakertown and
Paradise Schools transferred thither. The schools at North Sewick-
ley, Beaver county, Orangeville, Columbia county, and Jacksonville,
Centre county, were discontinued, and the children sent to other
institutions, while the Mount Joy and White Hall Schools changed
hands, and were enlarged and improved. New schools, likewise,
were opened at Titusville, Crawford county ; Mercer, Mercer county ;
and Mansfield, Tioga county ; and, everywhere, proprietors of schools
and managers of homes were urged to make such improvements and
introduce such system as was deemed necessary to do well the work
in hand.
The system, or rather want of system, of making reports to the
Department, as required by law, was also a source of constant annoy-
ance, and, hence, forms were prepared and adopted, in October, 1867,
as follows :
1. Weekly Report.
To be forwarded regularly by the last mail for each week.
I. Lists, by name and county, for the week ending with this report, of
1. AdmissioTis to the institution by order.
2. Admissions to the institution by transfer.
3. Discharged from the institution on age, with certificate of character, schol-
arship, &c.
4- Discharged by transfer, or order.
6. Deaths, with physician's report of diseases, treatment, length of sickness, &c.
2. Monthly Eeport.
To be forwarded regularly on the last mail day of each month.
1. A tabular statement, without names, as follows :
Number remaining in school on the first day of the month, as per last
report
Number admitted during month by order
Number admitted during month by transfer
Total number in school and admitted during month *.
Number tranHferred from, during month
Number discharged on age " " „ ,
Number diMcharged by order " "
Number died « «
Total tranafen, diachargOB, and deaths
Ktunber remaining in scliool
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 129
2. Menwranda. Under this head report the health, progress, and general
deportment of pupils during the month, together with the interest taken in the
Sunday-school, places of public worship attended, and other items worthy of
note. This part of the report can be made as lengthy as desired.
3. Quarterly Report.
To be forwarded regularly on the last mail day of each quarter, accompanied,
if possible, by the duplicate bills and affidavits for education, maintenance, and
clothing.
1. A statement in tabular form, as follows :
Whole number admitted into school from its commencement till the close
of last quarter, ending 186.., on order
Whole number admitted into school from its commencement till the close
of last quarter, ending 186.., by transfer
Total admissions to same date
* Number transferred to
Number discharged on age
Number discharged by order
Number died
Total transfers, discharges, and deaths
Number remaining in school , 186..,
Number admitted during quarter, on order
Number admitted during quarter, by transfer
Total admissions during quarter.
Whole number in school during quarter
* Number transferred during quarter to
Number discharged on age during quarter
Number discharged by order " "
Number died " "
Total transfers, discharges, and deaths for quarter
Number remaining in school at close of present quarter, ,
186..,
2. Report of the Educational Department of the institution. (On blanks
furnished.)
3. Lists, by name, of (1) admissions, (2) discharges, (3) deaths, and (4) trans-
fers, for the quarter ending September 1, 1867.
4. A statement, by name, of all absentees during the quarter, either with or
without leave, with length of time absent, cause, &c.
* If transfers were made to more than one institution, report the number to each separately.
9
130 PEXKSYLVANIA'S SOLPIERS' ORPHAN SCflOOLS.
5. A rei)ort of the sanitary condition of the school during the quarter, num-
ber of casea treated, &c., made out and officially signed by the physician regu-
larly employed at the institution, after a thorough inspection of every pupil,
during tlie last week of the quarter.
6. A list, by name, of all persons employed in the institution during the quarter,
with the number of montlis heretofore employed, and in what capacity.
7. A report of clothing made and issued during the quarter. This report, for
which blanks have been furnished, should correspond with the quarterly cloth-
ing bills accompanying it, only required from institutions which are furnished
clothing by the State.
8. Any other matter calculated to give this Department interesting and valu-
able information concerning the school. In this connection, the condition of
pupils when they entered the school, their present educational condition and
progress, improvements to the buildings being made or in contemplation, pros-
pects of crops growing, extent and success of industrial instruction, account of
visits made to the school, with their apparent influence upon it, and other simi-
lar matters, should be stated as much as possible in detail. Fulness in these
particulars will be very acceptable. Advanced schools are expected to report
fully under this head, and other institutions so far as applicable to them.
4. Annual Eeport.
It is desired that this shall be a summary of all the operations of the year.
It should embrace,
1. A statistical statement for the year, similar to that made quarterly.
2.. Report of the educational progress and standing of the institution, also
similar to that made quarterly.
3. Report of the Industrial Department, embracing number of garments
made, work done, produce raised, food consumed, industry and aptness of chil-
dren at work, &c.
If made properly and truthfully, this will be an interesting and valuable
report.
4. A historial review of the institution during the year, as minute as the
Principal or Managers desire. This may include the character and efficiency
of teachers and other employees, interesting cases of reform and progress among
pupils, suggestions, &c.
CHAPTER Xyi.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING.
HE INTELLECTUAL CULTURE of the children [received a
large share of attention. The educational departments
proper of these institutions were as yet comparatively in
their infancy. No fixed course of study had been adopted,
and no stated examinations held to ascertain results. As a conse-
quence the schools were ungraded, the pupils advanced irregularly,
according to the preferences of individual teachers. To correct
these irregularities, the branches of a good practical English educa-
tion were divided into eight grades, and each pupil was required to
thoroughly master the branches of a grade before being promoted
to the next higher.
The following is the course which was adopted :
GRADED COURSE OF STUDY.
First Grade. — Spelling, primary, first half; reading. First Reader,
through ; writing on slates ; oral exercises in numbers.
Second Grade. — Spelling, primary, completed ; elementary sounds
of letters, commenced ; reading. Second Reader, through ; writing
and drawing on slates; mental arithmetic, primary, first half;
written arithmetic, four fundamental rules ; geography, oral instruc-
tion in local.
Third Grade. — Spelling, first half, advanced ; elementary sounds,
continued; reading. Third Reader, through; writing in books;
drawing on slates ; mental arithmetic, primary, through ; written
arithmetic, primary, through ; geography, oral and use of maps.
Fourth Grade. — Spelling, advanced, through ; reading. Third
Reader, reviewed ; writing in books ; drawing ; intellectual arith-
metic, first half; written arithmetic, first half; geography, primary.
131
132 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
Fifth Grade. — Spelling and defining; reading, Fourth Keader,
first half; writing ; intellectual arithmetic, through ; written arith-
metic, through; drawing; geography, intermediate; grammar,
primary.
Sixth Grade. — Spelling and defining; reading, Fourth Keader,
through ; writing ; drawing ; written arithmetic, reviewed ; geogra-
phy ; grammar ; United States History ; primary physiology.
Seventh Grade. — Spelling and defining; reading. Fifth Keader,
first half; book-keeping; elementary algebra, commenced; geogra-
phy, physical ; grammar, through ; United States History and Con-
stitution ; physiology.
Eighth Grade. — Etymology; reading. Fifth Keader, through;
book-keeping; elementary algebra completed, to quadratic equa-
tions ; philosophy, &c. ; and a general review of previous studies.
Vocal music, declamation, composition, and other exercises
throughout the course.
Examinations quarterly and annually. Two quarters allowed to
complete the studies of each grade. All promotions at the close of
examinations.
Educational blanks were prepared, and the results of the annual
examinations made out in duplicate, one coj)y for the school and the
other to be retained in the Department, where they ca^ be seen by
all interested.
ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS.
The first public annual examination, under the course of study
just given, took place during July, 1869. Hon. Wilmer Worthing-
tou, Francis Wells, Esq., and others assisted the State ofiicers and
the principals and teachers, and large numbers of leading men of
the State, residing in the vicinity of the several schools, attended.
Detailed reports were published in the Philadelphia Bulletin, Press,
and other leading journals, and favorably commented upon by the
editors. The results were satisfactory in the highest degree, and
oon verted into friends of the system all who attended or read reports
of them. No one who witnessed the surprising proficiency already
atUiue<l by these cliiUlren, and the thoroughness of the system pro-
vided for their education, doubted the wisdom of the plan, while the
penoual ap|Kjarauce and physical development of the children won
all heartii. Many of those previously opposed or indifferent became
frieodn, and frieiid« became encouraged and strengthened. The
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 133
children returned home at the vacation that followed so healthy,
happy, and well clothed, that mothers and friends were pleased.
Complaints diminished, and though discharges on age became more
numerous, the applications for admissions rapidly increased, the
number on file being over seven hundred for the year following.
But still greater results were expected for the second annual exami-
nation, the year following. In a circular issued, and very widely
reprinted throughout the Commonwealth, the Superintendent said :
" These examinations close a school year in which I expected and pre-
dicted for these schools the most rapid and satisfactory progress — educa-
tional, industrial, and otherwise — it being the third year of my adminis-
tration, and the second since the introduction of a carefully prepared and
systematic graded course of study. The schools are now thrown entirely upon
their own merits^ and I most earnestly invite Senators and members of the
House of Kepresentatives, to whose liberal appropriations these children
owe their present educational opportunities, and those philanthropic men
and women whose counsel and encouragement have been so grateful in
the midst of anxious cares and exliausting labors, to attend these examina-
tions and see how far my expectations and predictions have been realized."
The examinations were largely attended, the examining boards
containing one or more of the best known educators in the neighbor-
hood of the schools. It is believed these and subsequent annual
examinations exerted an important influence in favor of the schools.
The tabulated results of these examinations were returned to the
Department, and formed the means of comparing tha relative prog-
ress of the several schools, as well as of the children in the same
school.
INDUSTRIAL INSTRUCTION.
In addition to the education and maintenance of these children,
the law, incorporating the plan of Dr. Burrowes, contemplated doing
as much as possible to furnish industrial instruction, both as a means
of lessening the expenses of the institutions, and of teaching the
children to be industrious and useful. The baking, washing, cook-
ing, house-cleaning, and making and mending of clothing, furnished
the girls a wide range of work. The boys cultivated the farm,
attended the stock, and did the various kinds of work such institu-
tions furnish, learning also the rudiments of a trade, in a few
instances, where facilities offered. The wisdom of educating these
children industrially being recognized, much attention was given to
perfecting measures to secure this important object.
134
RELIGIOUS TRAINING.
The policy of the system was to respect the denominational prefer-
ences of the orphans and their friends. Yet religious instruction
was not neglected. The childr.en in the schools were taught to
regard the Bible as God's revelation to man. From its sacred pages
lessons were daily read, and the great truths and moral precepts
found there were constantly inculcated. On Sundays the children
attended divine service at the churches in the vicinity of the schools,
when they were so located as to make it practicable ; while, at the
schools that were remote from any church, religious instruction was
given in the main school-room, by the Principal or some minister of
the gospel. There was a Sunday-school organization in connection
with every school.
CHAPTER XVII.
LOANS AND TAXATION
LOANS.
HE Act of April 9, 1867, contemplated the distribution
of schools so that as nearly as possible there should be
one in each normal school district; the object being to
have the schools so located that children would not be
compelled to go farther than possible from home. There being
several sections of the State containing many soldiers' orphans either
not provided with schools, or those established needing enlargement,
the Superintendent prepared and had passed the following Act,
approved March 25, 1868 :
Be it enacted, <fec., That to assist in the establishing of soldiers' orphan schools
in districts now destitute thereof, it shall be lawful for the Superintendent of
such schools, with the concurrence of the Governor, to advance from the fund
provided for such schools to the proprietor or founder of one such school, in
any district now unprovided therewith, a sura of money, not exceeding five
thousand dollars, as may be required to put the same in operation : Provided,
Adequate security shall be given for the proper application thereof, by bond
filed in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth: And provided, That
such sum shall be deducted from the money to become due to such school,
under the laws of this Commonwealth, in sums not less than five per cent, of
the amount advanced, to be taken from each quarterly payment made to said
school, or so that such discounts may, during the time contracted for, amount
to the sum loaned.
Some change to adapt this law to several special cases being neces-
sary, the following supplement was passed at the same session :
135
136 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
ACT OF 1868.
Be U enacted, <fec., That the Act, entitled "An Act to provide means for the
eetablishment of a soldiers' orphan school in each State normal school district
of this C\)mraonwealth, now destitute thereof," approved April fifteenth, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, be so construed as to permit the
Superintendent, the Governor concurring, to grant the aid it provides to one
«uc!i institution for advanced and one for primary pupils, in each district, as
may have been established hereafter for districts destitute thereof, whether such
institutions be located within such district or in an adjoining district convenient
of access: Provided, That the money advanced under the provisions of this
Act shall be paid out of the money appropriated to soldiers' orphan schools.
Under this Act the following schools received loans :
Chester Springs, new $5,000
Mercer, new 6,000
Titusville, new 5,000
Harford, enlarged •• 3,000
Mansfield, enlarged 3,000
$21,000
As soon as fully established, these institutions commenced repaying
the loan as provided by the Act. This temporary aid is the only
assistance Pennsylvania furnished towards providing buildings for
the accommodation of soldiers' orphans, and every dollar has been
refunded.
EXEMPT FKOM TAXATION.
The institutions used as soldiers' orphan schools were all furnished
by the proprietors or managers of them at their own expense and
rink, and involved most of them heavily in debt. The property
iHjing used exclusively for State purposes and under State control,
and amounting to more in value than was covered by existing laws,
it was deemed but just that while thus used they should not be sub-
ject to taxation. Hence the following Act was passed :
Be it enacted, <kc., That the trustees, owner or owners of any literary or chari-
Uble imttitutions, now incorporated, erected, endowed, or established, or that
may hereafter be incorporated, erected, endowed, or established, by virtue of
any Uw of thij4 Coramonwealth, be and they are hereby autliorized and em-
powere<i to Hocure, by purchase, lease, beqtiest, or otherwise, and to hold, enjoy^
and IMC landM and buildings, not exceeding in value tliirty-five thousand dol-
lani, and to wll, leaw, or otherwiso dispose of the same; and the lands and
buildtngM, ihuH iwcured and held, ^hiU 1)^- exempted from all and every county,
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 137
road, city, borough, poor, and school tax : Provided, That these institutions be
designated and employed as soldiers' orphan schools: And provided also, That
the State shall never be asked or expected to pay any portion of the cost of
said buildings and grounds.
Some questions about the scope of this Act having arisen, the
following explanatory Act was passed :
Be it enacted, &c., That the true intent of the Act granting an increase of
capital to certain institutions becoming soldiers' orphan schools, approved April
tenth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, shall be taken to be that no
tax shall be assessed or collected or any property used or entered upon for the
purposes mentioned in said Act, after the date of and during said occupancy,
the assessed valuation of which shall not exceed the sum mentioned in said
Act.
CHAPTER Xyill.
THE TRUST CONFIDED TO THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Y virtue of the Act of May 27, 1871, the Superintendency
of the soldiers' orphans was imposed upon the Superin-
tendect of Common Schools, and, consequently, James
Pyle Wickersham, LL.D., on the first day of June, 1871,
assumed the additional duties to which he had been appointed. Dr.
Wickersham had been a close and interested observer of the system
since its inception. He, therefore, with laudable enthusiasm, entered
immediately upon the labors of this delicate and important trust.
With singleness of purpose, he aimed so to administer its affairs as
to secure to the unfortunate children the greatest possible measure of
good from the liberal provisions of the State. In this endeavor he
was ably assisted by the intelligent and practical aid rendered him
by Rev. C. Coruforth and Mrs. E. E. Hutter, who, as Inspectors, were
already acquainted with the workings and details of the schools ; and
in regard to the clerical work of the Department, he was relieved
from the perplexity incident to a new bureau by the assistance of
experienced clerks.
During the annual vacation following the assumption of the Super-
intendency of the orphans, Dr. Wickersham caused orders of ad-
raisaion to be issued to all the children whose applications were on
file in the Department, amounting in all to nearly five hundred, some
of which had been awaiting action for several years. He also decided
that in the future all children making proper application should at
once be MUgned to suitable institutions. The Legislature of 1871
had abo removed the restriction which kept the orphans under eight
yean of age from the schools. This generous policy of the Super-
138
i
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 139
iuteiident and the State, while it silenced complaints of an unjust
discrimination, which admitted some and rejected others no less needy
and deserving, kept the number of children in the schools from
diminishing. During the year ending May 31, 1872, the whole
number receiving aid from the system was four thousand three hun-
dred and twenty-five ; and there were left in the charge of the State,
after all discharges, three thousand five hundred and twenty-seven.
In order to learn the wants of these schools, better to become
acquainted with those having immediate charge of the children, and
to secure uniformity of action. Superintendent Wickersham called a
meeting of the Principals, who met in the rooms of the Department,
at Harrisburg, on the 7th of September, 1871. After a few explana-
tory remarks by the Superintendent, relative to the objects of the
meeting, that gentleman was called to the chair, and Prof. W. E.
Caveny was chosen secretary. The schools and homes were repre-
sented as follows :
Phillipsburg, Rev. W. G. Taylor ; White Hall, Maj. J. A. Moore,
Dr. Moore, and Prof C. C. Hughes ; Uniontown, Rev. A. H. Waters ;
Cassville, A. L. Guss, Principal ; McAlisterville, J. H. Smith, Prin-
cipal ; Mount Joy, Rev. Jesse Kennedy and Mr. Gable ; Harford, H.
S. Sweet, Principal ; Mansfield, Prof F. A. Allen ; Titusville, J. N.
Beistle, Principal, and G. S. Berry, Esq. ; Chester Springs, W. E.
Caveny, Principal, and C. W. Deans, Esq. ; Bridgewater, James
Stitzer, Principal ; Loysville, Rev. P. Willard ; Andersonburg, Hon.
M. Motzer ; Soldiers' Orphan Institute, L. Hopkins, Esq., and Mrs.
E. E. Hutter ; Lincoln Institution, ^Y. H. Billings, Esq. ; Board of
Charities, Dr. W. Worthington, Secretary.
Department of Soldiers' Orphans. — J. P. Wickersham, Superin-
tendent ; Rev. C. Corn forth and Mrs. E. E. Hutter, Inspectors, and
Col. James L. Paul, Chief Clerk.
Gen. John F. Hartranft, Auditor-General, and Hon. Thomas Nich-
olson, Cashier of the State Treasury, and other gentlemen, were
present during the evening session.
Messrs. Guss, Taylor, and Deans were appointed a committee to
wait on his Excellency, Governor Geary, and ascertain at what time
it would suit him to be present and address the convention. The
committee subsequently reported that the Governor was too ill to
perform what otherwise would have been to him a pleasant duty.
He, however, expressed, through the committee, his deep interest in
the welfare of the soldiers' orphans in the care of the State.
140 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
The convention proceeded to dispose of the business under the
several heads proposed by the Superintendent, as follows :
1. A Course of Study. The discussion was very animated, and
participated in by nearly all present. Many valuable facts were
stated and suggestions made.
2. (Jure of Children after Leaving School. The discussion revealed
the fact that something had been done in this direction, and much
more was promised to be done in the future. The State Superin-
tendent promised to use his best efforts to secure the admission, with-
out cost, of a limited number of orphans, who may show special
talent for teaching, into our State Normal School.
3. Moral and Religious Instruction of the Children. On this topic,
the State Superintendent said : " I deem it more important to train
the children right than to instruct them well." Dr. Worthington
was very earnest in pressing upon those present the primary import-
ance of making good men and women of the wards of the State.
Gen. Hartranft thought '* kindness " was the most effective discipline
in this regard. Mr. Nicholson, as an old teacher, concurred in this
view. Reference was made by all to the wonderful moral changes
wrought upon the children by the training of the schools.
4. Industrial Instruction. It is the intention of the State that the
orphan children in her care shall be taught to work. Habits of
industry will be as valuable to them in life, it is thought, as knowl-
edge. From the reports made from the different schools, a good
degree of attention is paid to this matter.
In addition to these general discussions, the convention considered
questions concerning the kinds of clothing suitable for the children ;
the mode of purchasing their clothing, and the manner of keeping
the clothing accounts ; the kind of reports to be made to the De-
partment, and other matters of detail.
Dr. Worthington, Gen. Hartranft, Mr. Nicholson, the State Super-
intendent, Mr. Kennedy, Prof. Allen, and other gentlemen, made
concluding remarks upon the noble work Pennsylvania had under-
taken to do in providing for the thousands of destitute children
orphaned by the war. It was said that if the work cost her millions
of dollars, it would save her tens of millions. All the other States
of the Union have done less than Pennsylvania in this noblest of
all charities.
The oonventioD was a decided success. Its last session continued
until afUr midnight, and none seemed weary.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orppan schools.
141
Desiring to systematize the duties of the iDspectors, and to facili-
tate the work of making their reports, the subjoined printed form
was prepared during the first year of Dr. Wickersham's Superin-
tendency :
INSPECTION REPORT.
.187
To J. P. Wtckersham,
Supenntendent Soldiers' Orphan Schools.
Sir: — The following is the report of my inspection of the
, made 187
Grounds.
Extent
Condition of grounds and sur-
roundings
. Buildings.
Condition as to repair
"^ Culinary dep't-
>- School-rooms...
Condition as to
cleanliness: ) Dormitories,
Adaptation to the purpose
Furniture.
Greneral condition of furniture
Condition of beds and bedding
Condition of tables and table fur-
niture
Condition of school furniture
Children.
Number of children present.
Condition as to health.
Condition as to cleanliness...
Condition as to morals
Food.
Condition of the food..
Clothing.
Condition as to quantity..
Condition as to quality -.
The School.
Number of teachern
Character of the teaching
Advancement of the pupils
Discipline
No. of books in li-
brary
No. of periodicals
taken
Reading
Industrial Facilities.
Number of employees
Condition of the indus- ") Boys'....
tries: j Girls'...
Moral and Religious Advantagis.
Moral and rejigious condition of
the institution
The Institution as a Whole,
Condition of the institution as a
whole
Improvement since Previous Visit.
Degree of progress in improve-
ment
Miscellaneous Remarks.
Inspector S. 0. Schools.
142 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS.
1. Except where positive results are required, the Inspectors will fill up the
blanks with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, meaning, respectively, very goody
goody tolerably good, \niddling, rather poor, poor, very poor.
2. The Inspectors are directed to point out, on the spot, to the authorities of
the several institutions, what they may think requires amendment, and insist
upon the needed changes.
3. Details which cannot be properly expressed in the report should be
promptly communicated to the Superintendent, either in person or by letter.
Superintendent Wickersham also prepared a neat diploma, to be
granted worthy soldiers' orphans on leaving school at the age of
sixteen years, of which the following is a copy :
1 }
I?
I ^
^ ^ ?^
^ r
"SI
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I
I
1^ P^
I
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^
*53
03
I
r A
43
«i
X 5S
Ik
■^ 5^4 «. 'Ni
^Cfe ^ g5 ^
^ - s ^^■•
55.
5
r
55.
S I"
XR
•^S
P$
^
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^2^
I
s
CO
O
Hr:
o
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to
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f
143
144 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schooi^.
The course of study and method of grading presented by Super-
intendent McFarland, already given, was somewhat modified by his
successor. Perhaps the changes referred to can best be told in Dr.
Wickersham's own language :
"The branches now taught in the different grades will be continued, with the
addition of object lessons in the first four grades, and grammar in the eighth
grade. The extent to which each branch shall be studied in the several grades
is left to the teachers. Progress will be measured more by the proficiency of
the pupils in the several branches, as exhibited to the inspectors and at the
examination, than by the number of
books or parts of books they have
passed over. Due attention should
be given to vocal music, the writing
of original compositions, and draw-
ing."
An important change, which
was agitated the previous year,
was made by the Legislature of
1871, in the manner of supply-
ing the advanced schools with
clothing. Up to this time the
State Superintendent had made
the purchases of clothing and
clothing materials of all kinds
and forwarded them to these
institutions. The amount al-
lowed to each child was twenty-
five dollars. By the provisions
of the appropriation bill of
1871, each Principal was re-
quired to make these purchases
for his own school. With the
State Superintendent, however, still rests the duty to prescribe the
kind of clotliing and the amount furnished. Pupils over ten years
of age, and for whom one hundred and fifty dollars per annum are
paid, must receive twenty-five dollars' worth of clothing ; and those
under ten years, and for whom one hundred and fifteen dollars per
annum are paid, must receive nineteen dollars and sixteen cents'
worth of clothing. The cost of mending boots and shoes is included
in clothing accountu, but all other mending is reckoned among the
ordinary expenses of the institutions.
I
JOHN WILHELM.
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 145
At the close of each fiscal year, the Principals of the several
schools forward to the Department receipted bills for all purchases
of clothing, clothing materials, and for transportation of the same.,
together with bills for making clothing at the schools and mending
boots and shoes. All these must equal the amount required to
clothe all the children in each school for the year, which is easily
ascertained, as it is just one-sixth of the whole amount paid the
school for all purposes. Besides this, each Principal keeps an exact
account with each orphan, who is charged with the actual cost of
every article of clothing given
him or her, and the cost of cob-
bling. Yet, as it would be diffi-
cult to give each child the exact
amount required, a little latitude
is granted for the sake of con-
venience. But each pupil over
ten years of age must receive at
least twenty-one dollars' worth
of clothing, and each child below
ten must receive at least sixteen
dollars' worth ; and the average
value of clothing must equal the
required amounts. The names
of the children in each school
are entered upon an " issue roll^"
and the articles of clothing and
their cost, and the cost of repair-
ing sliDes, are placed opposite
their several names. This roll
shows just what each orphan has
received during the year. Both
the receipted bills, which show
how much has been paid out to clothe the whole school, and the
" issue roll," which shows how much has been given each child, are
kept on file in the Department.
These rules as to clothing do not apply to the homes, to which
only one hundred dollars are allowed per annum for each child, if
at any time a State appropriation has been granted, and one hundred
and fifteen dollars, if no such appropriation has ever been made.
10
SUETTA MARKLEY.
146 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
These institutions must comfortably clothe their children, but are
not required to render clothing accounts to the Department.
Twenty-five dollars to clothe a child between ten and sixteen years
of age, and nineteen dollars and sixteen cents to clothe a child under
ten years are not large sums ; and it is a constant study with those
who have the schools in charge how to make this amount of money
do the most good. Experience has taught that it is poor economy
to purchase inferior goods. With the most prudent expenditure and
much mending, it is very difficult to make the twenty-five dollars
properly clothe the boys in those schools where they have wide scope
and free range; but when less freedom is granted, that amount is an
ample allowance.
No child is considered properly supplied with clothing who does
not have a change of underwear, a work, a school, and a dress suit.
Much taste is displayed in dressing the children. We give two
wood-cuts copied from photographs taken in 1875. Tlie boy and
girl represented here are now pupils at Mount Joy, and may be
regarded as fair representatives of the children in the advanced
schools. They, of course, have on their best. The boy's pants are
of blue Kersey, his jacket and cap are made of dark blue cloth,
trimmed with military buttons. The girl's dress is of Scotch plaid ;
her hat is becoming, and her shoes are shapely and neat, but they
do not pinch her feet.
«
t
CHAPTER XIX.
JOHN FREDERICK HARTRANFT.
N the 21st of January, 1873, Major-General Hartranft
was inaugurated Governor of Pennsylvania. In him the
soldiers' orphans found an earnest and devoted friend.
At the first call of President Lincoln for troops, he, as
Colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Montgomery County Militia, hast-
ened to Harrisburg, and offered the services of his command to the
imperilled Government. From the beginning to the end of the war
of the great rebellion, Governor Hartranft was in the military ser-
vice, and commanded in more than a score of battles. By his skill
and bravery he earned an honorable distinction. As a recognition
of his valuable services and conspicuous gallantry, he was, by his
Government, breveted major-general on the 25th of March, 1865,
while in active service. Many of the fathers of the orphaned chil-
dren had bravely fought and nobly perished beneath his own eyes ;
and he naturally cherished a deep interest in the welfare of those
made dependent and defenceless by a parent's valor; for if the
cruelties and horrors of war tend to harden man's nature, no less do
its bereavements and sorrows touch the heart and prompt it to deeds
of tenderness and mercy.
Yielding to a desire enkindled by the sad yet grateful remem-
brance of the honored dead, the Governor-elect requested, as a spe-
cial favor, that the soldiers' orphans honor his inaugural with their
presence. With the permission of their Superintendent, eight hun-
dred and nineteen fatherless boys participated in the ceremonies, and
from their sad history, yet present favored circumstances and their
fine appearance and military bearing, formed an important feature
of the occasion. The institutions represented, and the number of
boys from each, were as follows : Soldiers' Orphan Institute, one
147
fa 0/>T T^TCino'
148 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
hundred and twenty-one ; Mount Joy, one hundred ; Cassville,
eighty-two ; Lincohi Institution, one hundred and thirty-five ; Bridge-
water (colored), fifty; Chester Springs, ninety; McAlisterville,
eighty; Loysviile, fifty-three; and White Hall, one hundred and
eight.
Hardly had the solemn oath to perform with fidelity his duties as
Governor been taken, when he quietly withdrew from the company
of distinguished statesmen and soldiers, and from the pomp and
pageantry attending that hour of his civil triumph, to mingle with,
and speak words of encouragement to, the orphaned children who
had temporarily sought shelter in the Court-house. It was flattering
to them to be the first auditors of the new Governor ; and they were
highly gratified to be assured from his own lips that he would, dur-
ing his administration of the aflfairs of the State, do all in his power
to promote their happiness and progress in knowledge and virtue.
Naturally reticent and undemonstrative, his words were few, but
they revealed a depth of fervor and feeling ; and the promises then
made the orphans, though called forth by the occasion and conse-
quently unpremeditated, were ever after regarded by him sacred as
the most solemn vows. Upon successive Legislatures, Governor
Hartranft has urged the duty of providing generously for the schools
of the adopted " wards of the State." Having himself enjoyed the
advantages of excellent schools, and holding advanced views in
regard to popular instruction, and wisely believing in compulsory
education as a safeguard to society, he, from every consideration of
statesmanship, justice, and humanity, is an earnest and consistent
advocate of that system which nurtures the necessitous children of
fallen soldiers and fits them fi)r virtuous, industrious, and honorable
citizenship. In every one of his annual messages to the General
Assembly, he has given the soldiers' orphan schools a conspicuous
place. The following passages must suffice to show his manner of
speaking of this great trust in his official communications :
"The continued favor of the Legislature to the Rchools wherein the orphan?
of our BoMierH are maintained and taught, is an agreeable proof of the patriotism
of our people. What prouder monument could we erect to the Pennsylvanians
who fell in baUlo than to care for and educate their children ? There will be
lillle hope for our inKtitutions, when we cease to be grateful to those who bled
or diet! in their defence. No more responsible charge, and one which does more
honor to her head and heart, liaa been assumed by the Commonwealth, than
iboM ■cboolM for the support and instruction of our soldiers' orphans; and it is
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 149
of the gravest importance that this trust Bhould be administered not only in
good faith to the State, but with a special view to the comfort and careful edu-
cation of these unfortunate children.
" In this connection, let me say a word in regard to a subject that has often
engaged my thoughts, and to which I invoke the attention of our law-makers.
No part of our system of education has secured so universal commendation as
that which is embraced in the circle of instruction of those who were made
orphans by the casualties of war. The helpless condition of these little ones
touchingly appealed to the hearts of our people, and the response was the
establishment of the orphans' schools that are now the pride of our State. But
in rescuing these children from destitution, and providing for their education
until they have attained the age of sixteen years, have we filled the measure
of our duty to them ?
"Thrown out into the world to do battle with life's trials, at an age peculiarly
dangerous to youth, does not common humanity require that the State should
maintain its guardianship of these children until their habits are somewhat
settled, and they have acquired the ability to earn their own livelihood ? The
establishment of industrial schools, where useful trades may be taught, seems
to promise the easiest and best solution of this problem."
General Hartranft was the second time inaugurated Governor of
Pennsylvania on the 18th of January, 1876. It is not necessary to
say that in this event the orphans and their numerous friends
throughout the Commonwealth greatly rejoiced. Another might be
true to them and their interests, but in regard to him there existed
not a shadow of doubt. He had committed himself by word and
act unequivocal to the good work. And there were other considera-
tions, aside from the care of the orphan children, which made his
second inaugural an occasion for congratulation. He had, by three
years of the most judicious control of the affairs of the State, shown
himself to be a true and intelligent friend to her interests, and by
his distinguished services in the war to save the nation which was
born a hundred years before, demonstrated the fact that he was
worthy to be the Centennial Governor of the Keystone State.
CHAPTER XX.
THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
HEN, in 1864, it was first proposed that the State assume
the care and education of all the children whom the war
had made necessitous, a decided majority in the House
of Representatives, as has been seen, was opposed to the
measure. The war had increased the public indebtedness, and the
project, though humane and worthy, would, if carried out, require
large sums of money during at least the next decade ; and hence
legislators hesitated to fasten upon the Commonwealth this addi-
tional burden. But the people, who fought the battles and uncom-
plainingly bore the expenses of the war, were no less willing to
recognize and discharge their obligations to a deserving and numer-
ous class of unfortunates of whom its cruelties had robbed of the
natural means of support. As the grand scheme of beneficence
became known and its objects understood, it gathered strength and
made friends. Its advocates were confined to no party creed. The
wisest statesmen were its warmest advocates. And yet there have
not been wanting those who,, during all the years of its history, have
seemed to look suspiciously upon the great work and to grudge the
means required for its continuance. The disposition to contract
rather than to expand the State's liberality to the orphans has too
often manifested itself in the halls of legislation.
lu resisting the narrowing and belittling of the undertaking,
wliile no set of men can claim the exclusive honor, the soldiers of
the lat« war may justly demand a preeminence. Especially is this
true of the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization composed
of tbo honorably diHcharged veterans of the war for the suppression
of the rebellion. To perpetuate the remembrances of that struggle,
150
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 151
to keep alive the friendships which were formed amid common hard-
ships and dangers, and to cherish a love for the Union of the respec-
tive States for which they fought and bled, are some of the objects
of its existence. And among other obligations of mercy, the mem-
bers of this brotherhood are pledged to extend aid, when necessary,
to the unfortunate families of their comrades who were slain and
crippled in battle. Fidelity to their vows, quickened by a remem-
brance of the dead and a regard for the living, have placed these
banded warriors foremost in the support of that system which pro-
vides a home and a school for those whom they are obligated to
defend and protect. By their numerical strength, and by their social
and political standing, they have been enabled so to shape legislative
action as to obtain favorable results. Not only has the Grand Army
ever been ready to exert its powerful influence in favor of securing
ample appropriations for the support of the schools, but it has also
heartily favored every enlargement of the State's liberality to the
orphans.
It is largely due to its influence that provisions have been made
to aid the pupils, after completing their term at the schools, to con-
tinue their studies at the normal schools of the State. Members of
the order, as well as those who had immediate charge of the children,
had repeatedly been pained by seeing earnest and promising students,
on arriving at the age of sixteen years, sent away and their student-
life suddenly ended, too often never again to be resumed. A few,
without any additional preparation, engaged in teaching; some,
aided by friends, continued their studies ; but in most instances the
case was far otherwise. With a little more assistance, many could
be fitted for a career of highest usefulness as teachers. Deeply im-
pressed with this fact, the members of the organization deemed it a
duty to see that some provision was made for this class of orphans.
They accordingly made known their wishes to the Superintendent,
who, heartily concurring in their views, asked and^ obtained of the
Legislature of 1872 an appropriation of two thousand dollars to
assist a limited number of the most worthy pupils, who had com-
pleted their term at the orphan schools, to further pursue their
studies at the State normal schools. It is also largely due to the
same influence that the normal school fund was subsequently in-
creased and made permanent.
By an arrangement with the Principals of these institutions, the
orphans sent to them are furnished boarding, washing, tuition, and
152 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
the use of text-books for four dollars a week. One dollar of this
sum is paid out of the common school fund, in the same manner as
to other students who propose to become teachers in tne State. Only
those puj)ils are sent to the normal schools, by the Superintendent
of Soldiers' Orphans, who have been honorably discharged at the
age of sixteen, and show aptitude for teaching. And, in order to
render assistance to the greatest number practicable, they are kept
at the normal schools but one year, when they give place to other
tieserving applicants. The pupils to whom additional aid is thus
extended acquit themselves, with rare exceptions, very satisfactorily,
either graduating with honors, or occupying positions in the highest
classes. One hundred and eighty-two orphans have already enjoyed
the privilege of a normal school training, the majority of whom are
teaching in the public schools of the State.
In 1874, another forward movement was made. All soldiers'
orphans born after the 1st day of January, 1866, had, by a previous
Act, been excluded, and no children of disabled soldiers, however
destitute, had ever enjoyed the benefits of the system. By the Act
of May, 1874, one hundred of these hitherto excluded children were
admitted into the schools. In 1875, a bill was drafted by Hon. W.
H. Graham, member from Allegheny City, which removed the lim-
itation, and provided for the admission of all the needy children of
both deceased and disabled soldiers, without regard to date of birth.
The bill met with opposition in the Legislature ; but Mr. Graham, a
member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and having the matter
much at heart, pressed it vigorously, and was warmly supported in
securing its passage by Representatives W. W. Brown, of Erie county;
Charles S. Wolf, of Union county ; W. Cooper Tally, of Delaware
county; B. C. Christy, of Allegheny county; George F. Smith, of
Chester county ; Samuel A. Losch, of Schuylkill county ; J. R. Bil-
liugsly, of Washington county ; Geo. H. Ettla and D. P. Rosen-
miller, of Lancaster county ; Geo. A. Bakeoven, Harry O'Neill, Wm.
J. Roney, Harry M. Quirk, Josephus Yeakel, Jas. J. Monaghan,
ChaH. R. Gentner, Robert Gillespie, and Joseph R. Souder, of Phila-
<lelphia ; and Senators Daniel Ermentrout, of Berks county ; A. H.
Dill, of Union county ; Samuel M. Jackson, of Armstrong county ;
J. G. Heilraan, of Lebanon county ; Thomas V. Cooper, of Dela-
ware county ; Elisha W. Davis and A. H. Dunkle, of Philadelphia;
E. D. YuUy, of Someraet county, all members of the veteran organ-
ization.
PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
153
Not only in this public manner have the members of the order
been of service to the orphans, but in many other ways have they
rendered them needed help. Often have needy oaes been sought out
by them and brought into the schools, who, had it not been for the
assistance thus extended, would have been suffered to grow up in
destitution and neglect. Nor have the veterans permitted their kind
offices to cease with the admission of the children into the State insti-
tutions. While there, they have watched over the defenceless little
ones with a father's solicitude. The State officers, who have ever
invited their cooperation, have more than once had occasion to thank
these warriors for their kindness and timely aid. And after passing
out from under the care of the State, homes and opportunities to
learn trades have often been obtained for them by the agency of this
worthy organization. To their fathers' surviving comrades, the de-
fenceless children ever look for advice and help, with no fear of being
repulsed with a cold or scornful rebuff.
To give the names of members of the Grand Army who have been
active in their kindness to the orphans, would be an easy task, were
it not for the necessity of omitting others equally deserving. With-
out disparaging the services of any, we mention, as being conspicuous
in the good work of helping the children and aiding the Depart-
ment, the following gentlemen, who are highly esteemed, and have
filled honorable positions in the fraternity, viz. :
General Frank Reeder,
General R. B. Beath,
Captain W. W. Tyson,
Colonel Norman M. Smith,
Private Abe Patterson,
Captain Crosby Gray,
Colonel O. S. Bosbyshell,
Major A. Wilson Norris,
General James W. Latta,
Captain John M. Vanderslice,
Colonel S. Irwin Given,
Captain A. M. K. Storrie.
CHAPTER XXI.
INSIDE VIEW.
HE soldiers' orphan schools are homes as well as schools.
In them the children are given the very best scholastic
training in the different branches of learning suited to
their ages, and they are also taught to labor systematically
and perseveringly at such household and other duties as are usually
performed by children in well-regulated and industrious families.
The founders of the system anticipated teaching the orphans
trades ; but it was found to be infeasible, as is seen by the following
extract from Inspector Cornforth's annual report of 1864 :
" It should be borne in mind that all the boys in any one school should not
be taught the same trade. So absurd is the idea, that a mere statement of the
cfwe is sufficient to show its utter impracticability. Among the boys of any
Bchool there would be found natural bent for at least half a dozen occupations.
To furnish instruction and facilities for giving practical knowledge and skill in
even this limited number of pursuits, would involve an outlay whicli tlie tem-
porary nature of the schools do not warrant. It should also be remembered
that boys leave the schools at the age of sixteen, which is the most suitable
period of life for them to begin to learn trades. Tlie present method secures a
good business education, is especially favorable to physical development, estab-
lisliea habits of industry, and furnishes an excellent opportunity to become
familiar with farming and gardening and the necessary duties of domestic life,
which certainly will be of great advantage to them, whatever pursuit they may
follow in after life. Most of the girls become proficient in housework and in
Hewing, both with the needle and sewing-machine, which places them in ad-
vance of a mjyority of the daughters of well-to-do citizens."
But, in order to allow every child a part of each day for manual
labor, and to afford constant help in the various domestic employ-
raeDts, each school is divided into four divisions, and each division is
again divided into as many working classes as there are departments
of labor, the several classes being respectively composed of but one
164
ORPHAN SCHOOI^. 155
sex, and employed at such labor as is commonly performed by tbat
sex. The working classes are engaged, alternately, in all the differ-
ent industrial departments of their respective schools, and each class,
while at work, is under the control of a competent person, who super-
intends the work, and assists and instructs the children in the per-
formance of their duties. Tlie divisions and classes being arranged,
the daily routine of an orphan school, excepting Saturdays and Sun-
days, is about as follows : At half-past five o'clock in the morning,
the cooking class of the first division gets up, and assists the cook in
preparing breakfast ; at six, all the children rise, dress, wash, and
comb ; at half-past six, breakfast is taken, and is immediately fol-
lowed by family worship, after which the children play till the time
for study. At eight o'clock school is called, and the second, third,
and fourth divisions repair to the school-rooms, while the first di-
vision remains out and engages in manual labor ; at ten, there is a
recess of fifteen minutes, and the first and second divisions. change
places, the first going into school, and the second taking its place in
the labor department.
At eleven forty-five A. m., school is dismissed, and from its close
till one o'clock p. m., the children play, except during the time occu-
pied by dinner, which is served precisely at noon. School is again
called at one o'clock, and the third division engages in manual labor,
while the others attend school ; at three o'clock, after a recess of
fifteen minutes, the fourth division takes its turn at labor, and works
till four forty-five p. m., at which time both labor and study cease
for the day. Supper is taken at five o'clock ; family worship is held
immediately after supper, and is followed by play till night. The
children all stay in the buildings from twilight till bedtime, some
of them in the sitting-rooms, and the others in the reading-rooms,
engaged in writing letters, in reading, or in study ; at eight o'clock
they all assemble in the sitting-rooms, and, after engaging in singing
and prayer, retire to bed. It will thus be seen that the second and
fourth working divisions are engaged in stuSy and recitation for five
and a half hours every day, while the first and third divisions are
so engaged but five hours a day. Saturdays are occupied in bathing,
play, &c., and Sundays are taken up chiefly in attending church and
Sunday-school.
The annexed programme of a prominent school gives a view of its
educational department, and also shows what grades compose each
working division, and does not materially differ from those of other
advanced schools in the State at the present time (1876).
156 Pennsylvania's soldieeis'' orphan schools.
PROGRAMME OF A SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOL IN WHICH FIVE
TEACHERS ARE EMPLOYED.
TtMB.
RBCTTIWa.
Stddyino.
Work.
Grade.
Branch.
Grade.
Branch.
8 to 8.30.
Jd Grade.
7th Grade,
3d Grade,
C Class A. }
i " B.J
(Class A...
t " B...
(Class A...
\ " B...
Spelling.
Algebra.
Physical Geog.
Reading.
Reading.
6th Grade,
4th Grade,
5th Grade,
(Class A...
} " B...
(Class A...
i ■' B...
(Class A...
\ " B...
Reading.
Reading.
Reading.
Arithmetic.
Political Geog.
Political Geog.
i
S
3
00
1
1
3
1
8J0t«».
Id Grade,
4th Grade,
3d Grade.
5th Grade,
6th Grade,
5 0.-A;-.
( Class A.
i " B.
( Class A.
} " B.,
(Class A...
\ " B...
Object Lessons.
Reading.
Writing.
Reading.
Reading.
7th Grade,
(Class A...
\ ■' B...
Physical Geog.
Grammar.
9 U> 9.30.
5th Grade,
7th Grade,
4th Grade,
(Class A...
] " B...
(Class A...
i " B...
Class B...
Political Geog.
Political Geog.
Physical Geog.
Grammar.
Arithmetic
2d Grade,
3d Grade.
6th Grade.
4th Grade.
(Class A...
I '■ B...
(Glass A...
i " B...
(Class A...
\ " U...
Class A...
Reading.
Reading.
Spelling.
Spelling.
Arithmetic.
Grammar.
Political Geog.
9.30 to 10.
•2d Grade,
3d Grade,
4th Grade,
6tb Grade,
Class A...
" B...
Class A. >
" n.l
Class A. t
( Class A. J
} " B...
Reading.
Reading.
Spelling.
Writing.
Grammar.
4th Grade,
5th Grade,
7th Grade,
Class B...
( Class A...
\ " B...
(Class A...
\ " B...
Reading.
Arithmetic.
Arithmetic.
Grammar.
Algebra.
10 to 10.15, R«oess.
10.15 to 10.45.
3d Grade.
5th Grade,
4tU Grade.
6tb Grade,
Class B...
Class A...
(Class A...
i " B...
Class A...
OMect Lessons.
Arithmetic.
Political Geog.'
Reading.
Arithmetic.
1st Grade,
3d Grade,
5th Grade,
6th Grade,
8th Grade,
( Class A...
\ " B...
Class A...
Class B...
Class B...
(Class A...
i " B...
Reading.
Reading.
Arithmetic.
Reading.
Physiology.
Physiology.
Geometry.
■i
2
2
1
1
•a
s
10.45 to 11.15.
Ut Grade,
3d Grade.
5th (jrade.
8th Grade,
Class A...
Class B...
(Class A...
I " B...
Drawing.
Arithmetic.
Reading.
Philosophy.
Geometry.
3d Grade,
5th Grade.
4th Grade.
6th Grade.
Class B...
Class A...
( Class A...
i " B...
( CI.iss A...
\ " B...
Political Geog.
Reading.
Arithnietio.
Political Geog.
Grammar.
Drawing.
ii.uun.tt.
Itt OrMle.
Cih Grada,
UOnda,
4tliOnMto.
fttkOndc,
(Class A.)
L." »s
(Class A...
I " B...
CIbbs B.
(CI.I.S A.
Reading.
Grammar.
I'h.vslolngT,
Political 6«og.
DrmwlDg.
34 Grade,
8th Grade,
Class A...
(Class A...
\ - B...
Political Geog.
Grammar.
Botany.
Umm iftimalMtM.'
*■
Pennsylvania's soldiers' oephan schools. 157
PROGRAMME OF A SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL IN WHICH FIVE
TEACHERS ARE EMPLOYED.
TiMB.
Stddtiho.
Work.
Grade.
firanch.
Grade.
Branch.
P.M.
1 to 1.30.
8th Grade,
5th Grade,
4th Grade,
J Class A...
C Class A...
] - B...
Class A...
Grammar.
Botany.
Heading.
Arithmetic
Arithmetic.
1st Grade,
3d Grade,
7th Grade,
4ih Grade,
(Class A...
L." »••
5 Class A...
i - B...
(Class A...
} " B...
Class A...
Spelling.
Spelliug.
Arithmetic.
Arithmetic.
Heading.
HiHtnry.
Spelling.
n
2
1
1
t
1
■s
i
1.30 to 2.
4th Grade,
7th Grade,
1st Grade.
2d Grade,
Class B...
jC,...*...
Political Geog.
Grammar.
Algebra.
Object Lessons.
Arithmetic.
8th Grade,
5th Grade,
4th Grade,
(Class A...
\ " B...
5 Class A...
*c;:„I:::
Algebra.
Grammar.
Grammar.
(iraniniar.
Spelling.
2 to 2.30.
8th Grade,
4th Grade,
5th Grade,
r"'t:
jC,^J...
Algebra.
Grammar.
Spelling.
Grammar.
Orammar.
1st Grade,
2d Grade,
7tb Grade,
r'.^-J:::
(Class A...
i " B...
Drawing.
DrBwing.
Spelling.
Spelliuic.
Physiology.
Philosophy.
2.80 to 3.
1st Grade,
2d Grade,
7th Grade,
4ih Grade,
5th Grade,
5 Class A. t
< " B.J
J Class A...
(Class A.-j
} " B. 1
jC,„.,.j
Spelling.
Spelling.
Reading.
History.
Oluect Lessons.
8th Grade,
jO,«.J...
Geology.
Zoology.
3 to 3.15, Recess.
8.15 to 3.45.
3d Grade,
7th Grade,
8th Grade,
Class A...
(Class A...
i " B...
5 Class A...
Political Geog.
Physiology.
Philosophy.
Geology. "
Zoology.
1st Grade,
2d Grade,
3d Grade,
6th Grade
5 Class A...
(Class A...
" B...
Class B...
(Class A...
i " B...
Reading.
Reading.
Drawing.
D.awing.
Arithmetic.
AstronocalGeog.
Physical Geog.
i
2
1
1
o
fa
1
1
3.45 to 4.15.
1st Grade,
2d Grade,
3d Grade,
6th Grade,
(Class A. ;
\ " B.J
(Class A.)
i " R.l
Class A...
JO,,„A...
Reading.
Drawing.
Object Lessons.
AstronocalGeog.
Physical Geog.
3d Grade,
7th Grade,
8th Grade,
Class B...
5 Class A...
i " B...
J Class A...
Reading.
Algebra.
Physical Geog.
History.
History.
4.15 to 4.45.
.M Grade,
7lh Grade,
8th Grade,
lit Grade,
6th Grade,
Cla.ss B...
J Class A. )
I " B.J
J Class A.
5 Class a!
J " B.
Arithmetic.
Drawing.
History.
Oral Ex. in Num.
Drawing.
2d Grade,
3d Grade,
(Class A...
\ '• B...
Class A...
Spelling.
Spelling.
Reading.
4.45 P.M. school closes.
158 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
These institutions aim to give the children they receive the bene-
fitJ of a Christian home, and the advantages of good schools. To
reach this high standard is not an easy task. Vigilance and labor
alone can accomplish it. Being taught constantly by experience, the
earnest laborers in this great work are all the while becoming more
efficient. A sure and permanent advancement is clearly discernible.
The home comforts and privileges of the adopted children of the
State are many and great. The family, unquestionably, is the most
fitting place for the nurture and development of childhood and youth.
But to a home bereft of its support and scattered, and from which
the possibility of family enjoyments and blessings are removed, the
State oflTers, in her soldiers' orphan schools, a happy and beneficent
alternative. In these are found kindness, sympathy, and protection.
Here are taught the value of industry and the excellence of morality,
virtue, and religion. The food furnished the orphans is uniformly
good and abundant. The bill of fare for dinner is changed every
day in the week. The dormitories and beds are, with hardly an ex-
ception, neat and comfortable. The sleeping rooms are sometimes
crowded, but great care is taken to ventilate them thoroughly, so that
no injurious effects seem to result therefrom. The personal cleanli-
ness of the children, as a rule, is commendable. Weekly bathing of
the entire person, under ordinary circumstances necessary, is espe-
cially demanded where a large number of children are congregated.
This fact is universally admitted and acted upon.
Daily recreation is an admitted necessity.
A physician is employed in every institution.
The good health of the children, and their fine and rapid physical
development, are everywhere noticeable. This is attributable not
only to their home comforts and healthful diet, but also to the whole-
some regulations which govern them. Everywhere there is system.
Each day is filled up with study, labor, and recreation, mingled in
plea«ing and healthful proportions. The children also go to bed,
riiie, and take their meals punctually at the appointed hour, and are
l)atlicd on a given day each week. As a result of this regulated
variety in the occupations of each day, and observing fixed times for
taking rest and food, far less sickness and fewer deaths occur among
these children, in proportion to tlieir number, than among any other
cUjm» 80 far m known. Out of a total of over eight thousand childreny
who have been pupils in these schools, during the twelve years of their.
exitUnee, only one hundred and seventy have been removed by death.
ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 159
The importance of culture, in good breeding, in morals and re-
ligion, is recognized. The good example of those under whose care
the children are placed is, doubtless, in these things, the most effective
educator. Attention is therefore paid to the social, moral, and re-
ligious standing of teachers and other employees. Religious books
and papers are regarded as indispensable. The superior educational
advantages enjoyed by the children in the institutions of the State
are acknowledged by all. The school-rooms are generally spacious
and comfortable, and many of them are elegantly furnished with
modern school furniture, wall maps, globes, &c. Competent and ex-
perienced teachers are permanently employed ; the prescribed course
of study is well chosen and zealously pursued. Strict attention is
given to grading and classification, and good discipline is secured by
appeals, in the main, to the reason and judgment, or by depriving
the offender of some privilege. The harsher methods of punishment
are resorted to only when milder measures have failed. While spe-
cial care is taken to have the pupils well grounded in reading, spell-
ing, writing, and arithmetic, other branches are not neglected.
Geography, map-drawing, grammar, bookkeeping, physiology,- and
algebra are as thoroughly taught, so far as pursued, as in the best
schools of the State. Instruction in vocal music is given in every
institution. The annual examinations, at the close of each school
year, usually show hard work on the part of both pupils and teachers.
Distinguished educators, and men of influence in the locality of the
several schools, express not only gratification, but surprise at the pro-
ficiency exhibited.
A few years of culture, w^hen the mind is in its most receptive and
plastic state, often give direction to the whole of after existence.
There are reasons to hope that the career of great numbers who were
made orphans by the war will be far different and nobler for the help
extended them by the State. Even the character of the Common-
wealth itself must be elevated, when the influence of the thousands
of children she has nurtured is felt upon society. These reflections,
infinitely more than the fact that the widow's burdens are lightened
and the orphan's wants are supplied, give importance and grandeur
to the soldiers' orphan schools of Pennsylvania, and stamp them as
the latest and best fruits of a Christian civilization.
CONCLUSION.
UCH is the record which Pennsylvania gives to the worhl.
The lustre of the annals of heroism, written by the sol-
diers of the Commonwealth, has been brightened by the
most generous humanity. The history of the Keystone
State is grand in war, and the story of her beneficence in peace is
no less sublime. Wherever a Pennsylvania soldier was ordered,
whether on the sanguinary fields of the Mississippi, in the struggles
of the coast, in the unexampled conflicts of the Army of the Poto-
mac, or in the sword-hewn pathways from Chickamauga to Atlanta,
and thence forward on the " March to the Sea," he had the ever-
present assurance that his State cherished his idols as her own ; that
in sickness her ministers of mercy would reach him ; that in death
Iiis dust would be sought by his Commonwealth and sepulchred
with its kindred ; and that his widow should not beg bread, nor his
orphans wander in helplessness. Arid that bright trust has been ful-
filled in stainless perfection. Under the guardianship of a patriotic
I)eople, the fatherless children of the nation's martyi-s have become
the " wards of the State."
160
SCHOOLS, HOMES, AND ASYLUMS.
11
161
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW
OF
Pennsylvania's Soldiers' Orphan Schools.
The Origin, Rise, and Progress.
I
PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS.
During the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, the State equipped
and sent to the field over 380,000 men, of whom about 50,000 perished.
THE STATE'S GRATITUDE.
Justice, humanity and patriotism alike demand, that when a State has
deprived 1>he children of their natural guardians, these children should
become the wards of the State, hence
Our Soldiers' Orphan Schools and Homes.
I. ORIGIN.
1. Governor Curtin promised the soldiers that, should they fall in battle,
their children should become the wards of the State.
2. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company donates to the State $50,000.
3. Loyal Association of Pennsylvanians in Washington, D. C, donates
$85.00.
4. James W. Lear, of Fox Chase, Philadelphia, donates $3.00, the pro-
ceeds of a lecture in a public school-house.
. Act of 1864 authorized the Governor to accept the above donations.
II. STATE AGENT.
pon. Thomas H. Burrowes, prominent educator, appointed Agent for the
State, to devise a plan for the organization of these schools.
III. HIS WORK. N
^Plan for educating and maintaining the soldiers' orphans, under the Act
of 1864.
163
164 Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools.
General View of the Plan Prepared.
A. Persons Entitled to the Benefits of the Act.
1. Children of deceased soldiers of Pennsylvania.
2. Children of permanently disabled soldiers of Pennsylvania.
3. Children of deceased soldiers of the United States Army and Navy
who were residents of Pennsylvania at the lime of enlistment.
B. Admission to the Benefits of the Act.
1. Application to State Agent (Superintendent) by the mother or guardian.
2. Application to be approved by school directors of the township in
which the orphan resides.
3. Orphans under six years to 'be. sent to Homes (primary schools) ; above
that age, to advanced schools, designated by the State Superintendent.
4. Regard as far as possible to religious denomination of the parents.
C. Kind of Education and Maintenance.
1. Clothing — uniform dress. •
%. To have comfortable lodgings, wholesome food, and medical attendance
when required.
3. Intellectual culture — ordinary English education.
4. Physical — 1. Calisthenics, gymnastics, and military exercises. 2. All
pupils to have specified hours for work, and trained to habits of in-
dustry.
5. Religious and moral instruction.
D. Schools Employed under the Act.
1. The State to have no interest in buildings and grounds.
2. Homes, or primary schools, for pupils under six years.
3. Advanced schoolH, for pupils between the ages of six and fifteen years.
E. Control of Orphans in the SchooL
1. Schools to b« under control of Principal, subject to inspections and
regulations of the Superintendent.
1 AH contracto for apprenticing and orders for discharges to be granted
by Superintendent.
Pennsylvania's soldiers'
ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
165
F. Opening of Pioneer Schools and Homes.
Homes, or Primary Schools.
1. Northern Home, Philadelphia.
2. Orphan Asylum, Pittsburgh.
3. Soldiers' Orphan Home, Pittsburgh.
4. Pittsburgh and Allegheny Orphan Asylum, Allegheny City.
5. Home for Friendless,- Allegheny City.
6. Children's Home, Lancaster.
7. Farm School, Zelienople, Butler county.
Advanced Schools Contracted with.
1. Paradise, Lancaster county.
2. McAlisterville, Juniata county.
3. Strasburg (Mt. Joy), Lancaster county.
4. Quakertown, Bucks county.
6. Orangeville, Columbia county.
IV.
Legislative Act of 1865 approves the plan adopted by the Governor and
State Superintendent, provides for the continuance of the system, and
fixes the time for discharging orphans at the age of sixteen years.
V. NEW SCHOOLS ORGANIZED UNDER THE ACTS
OF THE LEGISLATURE, AT THE SESSIONS OF
1865, 1866 AND 1867.
Andersonburg, Perry co.
Bridgewater (colored), Bucks co.
Cassville, Huntingdon co.
Chester Springs, Chester co.
Dayton, Armstrong co.
Harford, Susquehanna co.
Lincoln Institution, Philadelphia.
Mansfield, Tioga co.
Mercer, Mercer co.
North Sewickley, Beaver co.
Phillipsburg, Beaver co.
Uniontown, Fayette co.
Titus ville, Crawford co.
White Hall, Cumberland co.
Jacksonville, Centre co.
Loysville, Perry co.
Emmaus Orphan House, Dauphin co.
St. Paul's Orphan Home, Butler co.
Church Home, Pittsburgh.
Children's Home, York.
Wilkesbarre Home, Luzerne co.
Womelsdorf Home, Berks co.
Rochester Orphan Home, Beaver co.
St. James' Orph. Asylum, Lancaster.
Episcopal Church Home, Philadel-
phia.
Orphans' Home, Germantown.
St. Vincent's College, Westmore-
land CO.
St. Vincent's Home, Philadelphia.
St. John's Asylum, Philadelphia.
Catholic Home, Philadelphia.
Industrial School, Philadelphia.
Penna. Training School for Feeble
Minded Children, Media.
Nazaret'a Hall, Northampton co.
166 PENNSYLVANIA'S SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
VL GROWTH OF THE SYSTEM.
1. Pupils in school at the close of the year 1864
2.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
110
1,226
2,681
3,180
3,431
3,631
3,526
3,607
3,527
3,261
3,071
2,788
VII. GENERAL SUMMARY, February 1st, 1876.
1. Whole number of admissions to schools 8,277
2. Number discharged on order 1,558
3. Number discharged on age 3,777.
4. Number of deaths 170 5,605
•
Number remaining in school 2,772
VIII. COST OF THE SYSTEM.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
JW.
21.
Donations
Legislative appropriation,
1865,
1866
1867
1868,
1868
1868,
1869,
1869,
1869,
1870,
1870
1870,
1871,
1871,
1871,
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
$50,088.06
regular 75,000.00
" 300,000.00
" 350,000.00
deficit ' 31,069.77
" 141,561.69
regular 400,000.00
deficit..- 60,000.00
damages — Orangeville... 6,000.00
regular 450,000.00
deficit 44,968.88
" 44,700.00
regular 620,000.00
damages — Orangeville... 5,000.00
damages — Jacksonville.. 5,000.00
regular 620,000.00
" 480,000.00
" 460,000.00
" 440,000.00
" 400,000.00
♦' 880,000.00
Onnd total.
$5,152,388.40
Pennsylvania's soldiers' orphan schools. 167
IX. OFFICIAL DEPARTMENT.
1. Superintendents. ♦
1. Thomas H. Burrowes 1864-1867
2. George F. McFarland 1867-1871
3. James P. Wickersham : : .'. 1871-1876
2. Inspectors.
1. William L. Bear 1865-1867
2. Amos Row 1866-1867
3 Act f 1367 ( Columbus Cornforth 1867-1876
t Elizabeth E. Hutter 1867-1876
3. Clerks.
1. Jpmes Thompson 1864-1867
2. John D. Shryock 1867-1868
3. Jiimes L. Paul, Chief Clerk 1868-1876
4. Edmund R.Sutton 1867-1876
-2l,.42?.
168
Ifortlierii Home for Friendless Children, and
Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan Institnte.
HE Northern Home was organized April 28, 1853, by a
few benevolent ladies, who met in the parlor of John W.
Claghorn, Esq., 1009 Arch Street. Thomas Earp, Esq.,
was elected President of the Board of Trustees ; Thomas
S. Mitchell, Esq., Treasurer ; Wm. R. Stockton, Secretary ; and Mac-
Gregor J. Mitcheson and James J. Barclay, Esqs., Solicitors. Upon
the death of Mr. Mitchell, John \V. Claghorn, Esq., was elected
Treasurer, and faithfully discharged the duties of the position until
his death. The retirement of Mr. Stockton resulted in the election
of Mr. Mitcheson as Secretary, which office he filled until elected
President of the Board of Trustees, in 1875. •
Although a Board of Trustees was elected, the administration of
the Home has rested principally in the hands of twenty-four lady
managers, of whom Mrs. Rev. Edwin W. Hutter, D. D., was chosen
first President, and continues to serve in that capacity with great
acceptability to all concerned. She was ably assisted by the follow-
ing officers : Vice-Presidents, Mrs. John W. Claghorn (who was one
of the founders of the Home, and continued to work with unabated
zeal to her death) and Mrs. John Wiegand ; Treasurer, Mrs. R.
Hammett ; Recording Secretary, Miss Susan O'Neill ; Corresponding
Secretary, Mrs. George Duffield, Jr.
The act of incorporation was approved January 26, 1854. The
object of the corporators was, as recited in the preamble, " the laud-
able and benevolent purpose of educating and providing for friend-
less children."
The Managers feeling the need of this form of benevolence, but
with no other capital than trust in God and a willingness to work,
169
170 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
instituted a series of floral fairs at the " Chinese Museum," and sub-
sequently at Concert Hall, to raise funds; and succeeded^remarkably
well in their efibrts. The press of the city assisted in the work, and
teemed with friendly notices of the undertaking. A poem, written
especially for the occasion by the late Thomas Buchanan Read, was
read at the opening of these fairs. Other pens were also employed
in like benevolent work, among the ablest of which was that of the
late Rev. Dr. Hutter, who for many years was a trustee of the insti-
tution. He gave the whole weight of his large personal influence to
the project, and wrote with telling effect. To him is largely due the
earliest successes of the Northern Home. Although a man of such
distinguished literary ability, he became as a little child in his gen-
tleness and child-like sympathy in his intercourse with the children
of the Northern Home and Soldiers' Orphan Institute. It was beau-
tiful to behold them flocking around him, anxious for a part in the
" good man's smile," so heavenly in its sweetness.
The institution began operations in an humble way, in what was
then known a^ the " Old Soup House," on Buttonwood, below Broad
Street. The first year it was made the custodian of forty-seven chil-
dren, and since then the number has constantly increased.
A large and handsome building was soon erected, at the north-east
corner of Twenty-Third and Brown Streets. It was built in the most
substantial manner, with large, airy halls extending the whole length
of tl^B building, and in every way admirably adapted to the purpose
for which it was designed. Subsequently, the Trustees purchased the
ground adjoining the site upon which the buildings were erected, thus
securing nearly the entire square bounded by Twenty-Second and
Twenty-Third and Brown and Parrish Streets.
Since the establishment of the Northern Home, it has floated on
the full tide of success. Although a home for friendless children, it
has never itself been friendless, and scarcely even a child. Like
Minerva from the head of Jove, or Adam from the hand of God, it
sprang into perfected maturity almost at a bound, quickly attaining
to what other institutions reach only, if at all, by slow and painful
degrees.
At the breaking out of the Rebellion, the Northern Home opened
its doors to the children of the brave men who had gone forth in
defence of tlie imperilled Union, even before any of their fathers had
&llen in the struggle. Here the children were kept free of expense,
with the understanding that, if their fathers fell in battle, they would
NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS* ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 171
be permanently cared for ; but, if the soldiers should be so fortunate
as to return, the children would be given up to them. Hundreds
were kept in this way, for whom the Institute has never received a
cent of remuneration.
The late Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes, the first State Superintendent
of Soldiers' Orphans, on receiving his appointment, visited Phila-
delphia, and made satisfactory arrangements with the Managers of
the Northern Home to receive the younger class of orphans, on
account of the State, for one hundred dollars per annum each. This
generous example was soon followed by other institutions in various
parts of the Commonwealth.
During this visit. Dr. Burrowes appointed MacGregor J. Mitche-
son Chairman of the Committee of Superintendence for Philadelphia,
an honorable and responsible position which he has ever since filled
with great efficiency. The committcj appointed by Mr. Mitcheson,
to cooperate with him in the work of investigating and reporting
upon the thousands of applications that have from time to time
been made, is as follows :
1st Ward
2d Ward-
3d Ward-
4th Ward -
5th Ward ■
6th Ward -
7thWard-
8th Ward-
9th Ward ■
10th Ward-
nth Ward-
12th Ward
13th Ward-
14th Ward
-William E. Lehman.
-William Lauglilin.
- James D. Campbell.
-John O'Brien.
• Uselraa C. Smith.
-Daniel K. Grim.
- Peter Williamson.
-John H. Atwood.
-Theodore Earp.
-George W.Hall.
- Madison R. Harris.
- Charles M. Wagner.
- Aid. Jos. Plankington.
-Jacob Dowler.
15th Ward -
16th Ward-
17th Ward -
18th Ward -
19thWard-
20th Ward-
21st Ward-
21st Ward
2^d Ward
23d Ward-
24th Ward-
25th Ward -
25th Ward ■
26th Ward -
-Henry Davis.
-Robert D. Coxe.
-Dr. M. C. Kreitzer.
■ Georg*> W. Vaughan.
-John Moffett.
- John B. Austin.
-William B. Stephens.
-C. Thompson Jones.
- Charles J. Wisfar, Jr.
-William Ashworth.
- Henry C. Townsend.
- Barton H. Jenks.
-John Savage.
- James Evans.
After the war had assumed colossal proportions, and when many
children had been reduced to orphanage, the Northern Home was
the first to erect a building especially for the soldiers' and sailors*
orphans. In this work, the late Hon. Joseph R. Ingersoll lead the
way with a subscription of two thousand dollars. This edifice was
put up directly north of the Northern Home, in the year 1862, and
was formally dedicated as " The Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan Insti-
tute," the first in the country, on March 16, 1865.
172 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Dr. Hutter's prayer upon this occasion was so appropriate, we give
it entire :
PRAYER OF DEDICATION.
Almighty God, our heavenly Father, the sovereign Arbiter of the desti-
nies of men and rfations ! Thine is the only throne on earth or in heaven
before which the free Republic of the United States of America bows her-
self. If-we know our own hearts, it is our delight to do Thee homage as
our Monarch and our Judge. Thou boldest the hearts of all men, even
the heart of the king, in Thy hand, and Thou dost guide them as Thou
dost the rivers of water, whithersoever Thou wilt. We render unto Thee
praise that Thou hast inclined the hearts of the benevolent and kind to
rear this asylum for the dependent children of the soldiers and sailors
who, on the altar of their country, have offered up their lives. Merciful
God, we feel that a dark stigma upon the nation which their valor has
preserved, it would be, if a single one of the offspring of these martyred
heroes were permitted to grow up in ignorance and neglect, or roam
through the streets begging bread. For the-pleasing prospect that no such
deed of ingratitude shall be suffered to sully the escutcheon of the Repub-
lic, we give Thee unfeigned thanks. We praise Thee that in the midst
of wrath Thou hast remembered mercy. We praise Thee, that though
by reason of an unprovoked and ungodly rebellion, our land has been
drenched in blood, our blessings, meanwhile, have been distinguished
alike for magnitude and number. We praise Thee, that though treason
and sedition have robbed the land of its wonted peace, they have not been
able to rob its loyal inhabitants of their trust in Thee. As our fathers
confided in Thee, and were delivered, so do we trust in Thee for safety and
deliverance.
God of all comfort! we render unto Thee the homage of unfeigned
gratitude, that, after the insult offered by traitor hands to the cherished
emblem of our nationality, at Sumter, impelled by a high sense of duty
to their country and to Thee, such vast multitudes of men left their peace-
ful firesides and endearments of home and repaired to distant fields of
strife to confront their enemies and Thine, and of their country's wrongs
to become Thine own avengers I We give Thee thanks for the contempt
of danger with which Thou didst inspire them — for the martial ardor and
unquenchable patriotism which Thou didst enable them to exhibit — for
the fortitude and patience, to do and to suffer, which they were enabled to
display. These sufferings, alas, as from Thy throne on high Thou hast
not been an indifferent spectator, were often wantonly inflicted, and their
remerabrance causes the cheek of modesty to be suffused with blushes,
and tlie hearts of the meekest to burn with an anger that is not unholy,
»nd which we believe Thou dost not forbid. The spirits of the thousands
who, in this fearful struggle, have laid down their lives, are before Thy
righteous throne. We give Thee thanks, and cherish it as ,our richest
iio^^tiju?^ — ^
i
consolation, that the dying moments of so many of these martyred heroes
were illumined by the light of the Gospel of Thy dear Son. The memory
of their heroic deeds, we beseech Thee, enable us to enshrine undecay-
ingly in our hearts. In behalf of their widows and orphans, we implore
Thy constant guardianship, who art husband to the widow and father to
the fatherless. Oh I be Thou their best friend, and show to them that
"earth has no sorrows that heaven cannot heal."
Father of mercies I we praise Thy holy and excellent name, for the
ministry of love which this dreadful war has elicited. We give Thee
thanks for the Sanitary and Christian Commission, and for the many kin-
dred organizations founded all over the land. We give Thee thanks for
woman's self-sacriticing toil and patient labor of love. We praise Thee
that benevolence has flow.n, not in isolated rills, but as a mighty river.
Who called it forth from the hearts of the people, but He that caused
crystal waters to gush from flinty rocks ! Ours was the agency ; the
work, 0 God, was Thine. Be pleased to accept, then, our thank-utter-
ances, and make them the expression of grateful hearts.
Our Father, who art in Heaven I we would be preserved from pride
and phariseeism. We would direct to Thee orisons of humility. We are
not righteous, and do not claim to be. But, oh 1 whilst we thank Thee
that our eyes rest on so many hospitals and asylums and retreats, into
which the sick and wounded have been gathered, wilt Thou be angry with
us if we thank Thee, also, that by Thy preventive grace, throughout all
the coasts of our/ree America, Thine eye has not rested on any Anderson-
ville, nor Salisbury, nor Libby prison, nor Belle Island, nor any such place.
We thank Thee that into such counsels we have not come — that from
such " Ivabitations of cruelty " Thou hast graciously preserved us and ours.
This blessing, like all the rest, we ascribe, O God, alone to Thine unmer-
ited favor 1 And now, our gracious God, our Divine Benefactor, we dedi-
cate this house of mercy to Thee ! We consecrate it to Jesus, the friend
of the helpless 1 We consecrate it to the cause of suffering humanity, in
whose behalf it has been reared ! We consecrate it to our country, for
whose rescue from meditated overthrow, the fathers of the children that
shall here be gathered, offered up their lives ! Save, Lord, oh save, this
orphan home from fire and from flood and from the design of evil men I
Bless, Lord, oh bless, the children that shall be here gathered together,
and those whom Thou shalt place over them I Multiply, oh multiply,
such institutions all over the land, and cause Thy reconciled face to shine
upon us, as a nation, now and forever ! These blessings, and every other
needed blessing, we ask in the name of Jesus Christ, to whom, with the
Father and the Holy Ghost, belong present, future, and unceasing praises.
Amen!
At the opening of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan Institute, the
Trustees and Managers resolved on a high standard of education, and,
174 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
accordingly, selected such a course of studies and such skilled teach-
ers as made the Institute worthy of its name ; and its inmates have
been thoroughly instructed in all suitable and useful branches of
knowledge. It now stands among the advanced soldiers' orphan
schools of the State, and has always been regarded by those in au-
thority as a model institution.
In addition to the ordinary school, the kindergarten — a new educa-
tion, introduced early in 1874, by Miss Rachel S. Walk — charms the
smaller children, and the Managers seem actuated by the sentiment
of the gifted Froebel, but in a broader sense : " Come, let us live for
our children." This is the first orphan establishment in the world in
which the kindergarten system has been established. Books, globes,
charts, maps, tools, and all the paraphernalia needful for successful
teaching, are supplied without stint.
The school also has connected with it a large library, and other
necessary appliances for efficient work, among which is a beautiful
organ.
Perhaps die best proof of the value of the education here received
will be found in the fact that four of its former pupils are now serv-
ing as teachers in the school.
Nor are the ornamental branches neglected. Drawing is a source
of much delight to many of its pupils. Music on piano and organ
is taught by an accomplished lady ; and an early morning visit to
the Institute, or at five o'clock on an evening, will enable the ob-
server to see the little soldiers on drill, marphing to the attractive
strains of the Matthew Baird Cornet Band. On New Year's Day
of 1875, this band received a handsome set of silver-mounted horns
from their friend and patron after whom it is named.
One of the noted features of the Institute and Northern Home is
their excellent sanitary condition. With scarcely less than four hun-
dred iiiiii:U(,~, the average mortality of the children is about one-sixth
of one per centum. This extraordinary exemption from disease is,
without doubt, attributable to their elevated site, it being one of the
highest in the city ; their excellent ventilation and cleanliness, the
healthl'ul outdoor exercises, and good nursing and medical attendance
afforded the children. An additional reason may also be found in
the fact that two buildings on Brown Street, nearly opposite the
Northern Homo, iiiid (>ntir(>ly sopariito from the main buildings, serve
84 an inriiiiKirv to hoth thi- institutions. Besides, all the buildings
are Hupplied with roomy and well-ventilated dormitories, school-
NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS* ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 175
rooms, gymnasium and play-rooms, a large swimming pool, and other
lavatory arrangements of the most complete description, all of which
are comfortably heated. Also, a large adjoining plot of ground has
been enclosed, laid out in walks and shaded with trees, which serves
as a pleasant play-ground for the children.
One great source of prosperity is that so few changes have been
made in the officers of the different Boards. The venerated Thomas
Earp was President of the Board of Trustees from the beginning of
the Home up to the time of his death, in 1868. After him, Mr. John
Wiegand became President, and continued in the office till May, 1875,
when he resigned. MacGregor J. Mitcheson, Esq., for many years
Solicitor and Secretary of the Home, was then unanimously elected
President of the Board of Trustees, and Mr. Smith Bo wen, one of
the earliest of the Trustees, Secretary. The much-loved Mr. John
W. Claghorn served in the onerous capacity of Treasurer until he
was called to his reward above, after devoting seventeen years to the
cause. Mr. Claghorn was a man of remarkable ability and memory.
He could name nearly every child who had passed through the Home
at sight, and could give an account of his or h^r indenture and
whereabouts. This was his favorite charity. He devoted one-third
of his time to the promotion of .its prosperity. His visits were fre-
quent, his manner kind and unassuming, and all the children loved
him. Upon his death, his son, James L. Claghorn, Esq., succeeded
him as Treasurer of the Board of Trustees, and his splendid abilities
are still, freely given to managing the finances of the institutions.
After the retirement of Mrs. Hammett, the first Treasurer of the
Board of Managers, Miss Louise E. Claghorn was elected Treasurer,
which office §he fills with signal ability.
The 27th of February, 1875, should be marked with a red letter
in this history, for on that day the beautiful new chapel, the crown-
ing glory of the institutions, was dedicated with appropriate services.
His Excellency Governor Hartranft presided. Dr. J. P. Wicker-
sham, Bishop Simpson, Rev. Dr. Harper, and a large number of
other dignitaries of both church and State, honored the occasion with
their presence. The Rev. Dr. Suddards, of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, made a suitable dedicatory prayer, and pronounced the bene-
diction. Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, pro-
nounced the words of dedication. Addresses were delivered by the
Governor, Dr. Wickersham, MacGregor J. Mitcheson, Esq., and
others. The Rt. Rev. Bishop Stevens, of the Episcopal Church, and
176
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
the Rev. Dr. Baum, of the Lutheran Church, being unable to attend,
sent letters of regret and of congratulation, which were read.
The chapel is a beautiful auditorium, easily seating five hundred
j)ersons. It is fitted up with neat, yet rich, gas-fixtures ; and fur-
nished with oiled-wood, reversible pews. It has stained-glass memo-
rial windows, which were furnished by private contributions. Re-
ligious and Sunday-school services are conducted in the chapel
every Lord's day.
Sea Grove, the new bathing-place near Cape May, has lately at-
tracted much attention. Alexander Whilldin, Esq., a promoter of
this enterprise, has generously donated a site for a seaside resort Tor
the inmates of the Northern Home and the Soldiers' Orphan Insti-
tute during the hot months.
Thus these institutions go on in their honored course of usefulness
to the young, over three thousand five hundred children having
passed through their wards during the twenty-two years since
the founding of the Northern Home ; and the zeal of the Managers
is increasing. New buildings — a bakery and gymnasium — are
now being erected, and other improvements are constantly being
made.
OFFICERS OF NORTHERN HOME.
MacGregor J. Mitcheson, President.
James L. Claghorn, Treasurer.
Smith Bowen, Secretary.
Theodore Earp, Assistant Secretary.
Mr. John Wiegand,
" John B. McCreary,
" James L. Claghorn,
" John M. Ogden,
" J. J. Barclay,
Board of Trustees.
Mr. Theodore Earp,
" William Bucknell,
" A. V. Murphy,
" William S. Perot,
" Smith Bowen,
Mr. MacGregor J.
Mitcheson,
Mr. Charles E. Haven,
" Daniel K. Grim,
" Matthew Baird.
Solicitors.
M. J. Mitcheson, Esq., and J. J. Barclay, Esq.
OFFICERS OF NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS' AND
SAILORS' ORPHAN INSTITUTE.
Mn. E. W. Hutter, President.
" J. Wiegand, Vice-President.
" E. W.Miller
Mrs. W. J. Chaplain, Rec. Secretary.
" C. Yarrow, Cor. Secretary.
Miss Louise E. Claghorn, Treasurer.
NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS' ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 177
Mrs. E. W. Hutter,
" J. Wiegand,
« E.W.Miller,
« W. J. Chaplain,
« T. Hammett,
« A. V. Murphy,
" S. V. Merrick,
" A. Emerick,
H. Lehman, M. D.,
Board of Managers.
Mrs. Caroline Yarrow,
" T. Trewendt,
" J. B. Heyl,
« E. H. Worrell,
" R. D. Harper,
" J. Lewis,
Miss Mary Baugh,
Mrs. R. T. Shepherd,
Physicians.
W. M. Welsh, M. D.,
D. S. Gloninger, M. D.
Miss Susan O'Neill,
" Anna E. St. Clair,
" L. E. Claghorn,
" Anna M. Grove,
" Adeline Sager,
" Sarah H. McCalla,
" Sallie M. Horn,
Mrs. Matthew Baird.
J. Roberts, M. D.,
Consulting Physicians.
S. Weir Mitchell, M. D., and R. J. Levis, M. D.
Dentist, W. Gorgas.
SuPT. OP Northern Home, James W. Walk.
Matron, Miss Maggie Walk.
Assistant Matron, Miss Hannah Brintlift.
Teachers, Emma J. Hannah, Elizabeth Felton.
SuPT. OF Orphans' Institute, Dr. A. Harshberger.
Matron, Mrs. A. Harshberger.
In the Soldiers' Orphan Institute.
Teachers, Prof. A. H. Weidman, Miss Rachel S. Walk, Prof. A. G. Hu-
ber, Misses Ella Bartholomew, Sarah Pierce, Mary A. Shay, Lizzie S.
Ogden, and Mrs. Anna E. Hutchinson.
Male Attendant, Capt. Harry F. Spicer.
Music Teacher, Miss Annie B. Kintzle.
Vocal Music, Prof. Giles.
Band, Mr. J. B. Rowbotham.
Charge of Sewing-Room, Mrs. Kate Lee.
12
178
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS' ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 179
C Proof-reader in Press
I office, $9.00 per week.
Died July 25. 1878.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
Plnmbing, $4 per week.
Page In Common Council.
J Removed to Marvland
} with his mother."
J In furniture ware-
( rooms, $4.00 per week.
Sail-making, $4 per wk.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
S. Easton.
S. Easton.
Philadelphia.
Norristown.
Norristown.
Camden.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
III
'.cls £
ft.a.ft
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
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Sept. 13. 1866
Feb. 10, 1874
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26, 1866
10, 1868
.1, 1874
29. 1868
e 28, 1871
e 28, 1871
. 15, 1871
5, 1874
. 1, 1874
. 1, 1874
12. 1874
22, 1875
. 3, 1875
. 8, 1875
. 3, 1875
9, 1865
17, 1866
17,1868
21,1866
13,1866
29. 1868
29, 1868
29,1868
20, 1874
25, 1865
12. 1867
7. 1871
7, 1871
7, 1871
. 19, 1874
25,1865
. 3, 1875
. 3. 1875
24,1865
25, 1865
27, 1866
4, 1868
1, 1868
1, 1868
26,1868
8, 1874
25. 1866
8. 1865
16. 1866
3. 1866
s 18, 1866
•JO, 1866
20, 1866
. 30, 1874
. 30, 1874
11,1865
. 15, 1865
^m^ g gt 55 g g g ^ g-^fe fe fef g|£"3 g fe g^^ &>§ g ^i g £ g 8 g-g-^*
June 29, 1860
Aug. 8, 1858
May 21, 1861
May 2, 1861
Sept. 11, 1861
Sept. 26, 1861
May 20, 1865
June 1, 1861
Jan. 16, 1861
Deo. 28, 1862
Apr. 22, 1861
Mar. 28, 1865
Sept. 3, 1861
Feb. 12, 1870
Jan. 16, 1865
Dec. 14, 1867
Aug. 20. 1865
July 11, 1864
July 23, 1865
July 4, 1857
Apr. 21, 1857
Mar 29, 1861
May 23, 1858
Apr. 6, 18,55
Feb. 11,1856
Oct. 12, 1862
July 28, 1860
Deo. 6, 1864
Sept. 5. 1858
Deo. 12, 1854
May 18, 1858
Oct. 19, 1860
Dec. 8, 1862
Deo. 15, 1864
July 15, 18.58
Deo. 25, 1861
Aug. 21, 1869
Oct. 10, 1859
Deo. 1, 1858
Mar. 11, 1861
July 6, 1857
Feb. 27. 1859
Mar. 23, 1863
Oct. 16, 1860
Dec. 28, 1860
Apr. 22, 1859
Dec. 11, 1857
Mar. 15, 1859
Jan. 2, 1862
Mar 21, 1858
June 10, 1860
Aug. 24, 1861
June 15. 1860
June 14, 1862
June 14, 1857
June 17, 1858
1
la
666
Clark, Joseph W.
Clark, Charles
Cutler, Malvin T.
Custer, Benjamin P.
Custer, Abraham
Cramer, Nelson E.
Collum, Geo. W.
Crawford, Robert E.
Copp, Frederick A.
Ciossin, Alexander
oh
lll
111
lit
ili
S a S
Downey, James E.
Danfleld, Joseph H.
Drechler, Chas. J.
Deans, Mark
Deans. William C.
Deans, James
Davis, Edward
Earnest, Harry
Elk, William J.
Edwards, John E.
Edwards, Claudius W.
Edwards, William H.
Esray, Charles A.
Earnest, James O.
Emmitt, Ephraim
33.2.2
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180
PEXNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS^ ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 181
In needle factory.
With his mother.
Freemansburg...
Philadelphia.
Zion.
Chester.
Chester.
Philadelphia.
Bethlehem.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
1.1
West Cliester....
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
sic,
.a. o."S
III
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July 13, 1866
July 13, 1866
July 13, 1866
Dec. 17, 1865
Dec. 17, 1865
Sept. 25, 1865
1
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Lincoln Inst.
Lincoln Inst.
Lincoln Inst.
Quakertown
Quakertown
Paradise
a
1
Paradise
Paradise
Mount Joy
Monnt Joy
1
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Feb. U, 1865
Feb. 14, 1865
July 18, 1865
Jan. 12, 1866
Jan. 12, 1866
Nov. 7, 1867
Nov. 7, 1867
Feb. 8, 1868
Nov. 21, 1871
Jan. 2, 1874
Jan. 2. 1874
Oct. 31, 1874
Mar. 30, 1«65
Mar. 30, 1865
May 11, 1865
J>iu. 25, 1865
Mar. 21, 1865
Mar. 21, 1865
Mar. 21, 1865
Mar. 23, 1865
Nov. 23, 1865
Mar. 8, 1865
Aug. '20, 1866
Nov. '22, 1866
Nov. 5, 1867
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 13, 1868
Sept. 1, 1874
June 1, 1865
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3. 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
June 30, 1865
Apr. 17, 1868
War. 16, 1874
July '20, 1874
Sept. 15, 1874
Sept. 15, 1874
Sept. 15, 1874
Oct. 1'2. 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 13, 1874
Jan. 23, 1865
Jan. '23, 1865
Jan. '25, 1865
Jan. '25, 1865
Apr. '24, 1865
Apr. 26, 1865
Apr. 23, 1865
Feb. 23, 18(>6
Mar. '27, 1S<M5
May 16, 1866
Aug. 3, 1867
Feb. 21, 1868
Apr. 29, 1856
July 25, 1860
Oct. 3, 1858
Mar. 22, 1860
Deo. 9, 1861
Jan. 2, 1856
Oct. -28, 1858
Feb. '22, 1861
June 19, 1861
Mar. 7, 1860
Feb. 11, 1862
Feb. '23, 1868
Nov. 5, 1859
Jan. 22, 1858
Dec. 13, 1857
Dec. 22, 1859
Sept. 12, 1857
June '20, 1860
June 20, 1860
Sept. 2, 1855
Nov. '25, 1857
Sept. 18, 1851
Jan. 3, 1861
Aug. 9, 1858
JuueU. 1859
June 18, 1861
Dec. 24, 1856
Jan. 6, 1865
Mar. 7, 1859
Apr. 3, 1863
Aug. 25, 1866
Feb. 1, 1867
Feb. 8. 1864
Dec. '29, 1860
July 14, 1859
June 14, 1860
May 1, 1861
Mar. 15, 1861
Jan. '27. 1862
Feb. 3, 1863
Apr. 15, 1865
June '26, 1870
Feb. 18, 1861
Dec. 16, 1865
Oct. 12, 18,55
Dec. 28, 1857
Doc. '23, 1857
Apr. 15, 1856
Apr. 26, 1860
Nov. '26, 1857
July 25, 1859
Dec. 9, 1860
Feb. 6, 1862
11
•II
Jones, William
Jones, Josiah
Johnson, William
Justice, Charles
.Tiistice. Winfleld S.
Jones, William W.
Jones, Beuj. F.
Jones, Harry
Johnston, James
Jackson, James F.
a T
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182
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
'i
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NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS' ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 1 83
With hia motter.
5 Working in a factory
} ® $4.00 per week.
(With M. M. Marple.
^ learning notion busl-
( neM, ® $4.50 «) week.
rin oonnting-room of
J Messrs. Sower. Barnes
( * Potts, booksellers.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Dovlestown.
Philadelphia.
Phillipsburg.
Norri.stown.
Toby h anna.
Trenton.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Reading.
Reading.
Tunkhannock.
Tunkhannock.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
PhiladelphU.
Camden.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Darby.
Philadelphia.
Beading.
Reading.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia....
Norristown.
Philadelphia.
WW
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Mar. 1, 1867
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Mar. 30, 1868
Mar. 30, 1868
Mar. 30, 1868
Jan. 28, 1«71
Sept. 23, 1872
Mar. 7, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Dec. 27, 1864
Dec. 27, 1864
Feb. 13, 1866
Feb. 13, 1»65
May 17, 1865
May 29, 1865
Feb. 6, 1872
Sept. 12, 1«65
Sept. 21, 1«65
Nov. 6, 1865
Jan. 8, 18«i6
Jan. 8, 1866
Mar. 14, l^(68
Mar. 14, lh68
Feb. 9, 1869
Jan. 30, 1866
Jan. 30, 1866
Jan. 8, 1866
July 31, 1866
Feb. 26, 1866
July 31, 1H66
Aug. 21, 1866
July 9, 1866
Mar. 8, 1867
Mar. 8, 1867
Aug. 12, 1867
June 1, 1869
Oct. 29, 1867
Mar. 1, 1871
Dec. 11, 1H67
Oct. 19. 1H68
Dec. 16, 1871
Sept. 1, 1874
Apr. 6, 1872
June 27, 1872
.Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1,1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Jan. 20, 1875
July 25, 1865
July 25, ma
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 17, 1867
Sept. 17, 1867
Deo. 6, 1867
Sept. 3, 1875
Mar. 28, 1865
Apr. 20, 1860
Apr. 20, 1860
Feb. 8, 1862
July 5, 1860
Sept. 3, 1861
Mar. 16, 1870
Aug. 18, 1866
Dec. 27, 1853
Nov. 17, 1856
Dec. 27, 1854
Apr. 6, 1857
Sept. 3, 1859
Feb. 14, 1858
Dec. 10, 1860
June 29, 1860
Sept. 17, 1857
Dec. 30, 18o0
Aug. 2. 1858
July 29, 1860
Aug. 2. 1860
Mar. 10, 1862
Apr. 24, 186.}
Feb. 2, 1862
Feb. 2, 1862
May 11, 1M61
Oct. 7, 1857
Oct. 15, 18.i8
Apr. 14, 18,',9
Juue 20, 1858
July 7, IM59
Oct. 9, I860
Sept. 18, 1862
Dec. 19, 1862
Sept. 28, I86t
Mar. 30, 1860
Nov. 19, 1861
Sept. 12, 1857
July 3, 1859
M.ir. 16, 1864
Mar. 8, 1868
Mar. 7, 1863
May 11, 1860
June 14, 1860
Aug. 11, 1864
Feb. 22, 1869
Feb. 8, 1866
Dec. 2, 1869
Jan. 29. 1861
July 19, 1858
Sept. 8, 1862
Jan. 17, 1865
June 6, 18.-19
July 10, 1862
Dec. 18, ia57
July 17, 1864
Aug. 11, 1855
III.
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Suiith, Thomas
Smith, William
Silvey, Jonah W.
Snyder, Henry
u
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stout, Charles K.
Schnell, l.saac F.
Schnell, John H.
Starisbury, Tiche A.
Stansbury, E. Truxton
Stitzcl, John A.
Stitzel, Albert B.
Stevenson, William
Simmons, Martin W.
Simmons, Granvill V.
Sorden, John B.
Sterr, John J.
Sherman, George
Sherman, Jackson
Sou tag, Peter
Slipp, Paul E.
.Slipp, Daniel L.
Slater, Robert
Steel, Williara A.
Steel, James R.
Street, William
Thorn, William
Thorn, Charles M.
n
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184
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS* ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 185
11
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186
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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NORTHERN HOME, AND SOLDIERS' ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 187
•S jsja
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
gT-o o fc a
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PARADISE SCHOOL.
HIS school was located in Paradise village, Lancaster
county, about one mile from Leaman Place, on the Penn-
sylvania Railroad.
In September, 1864, arrangements were made by Super-
intendent Burrowes with Seymour Preston, then Principal of t^e
Paradise Academy, by which that institution became a soldiers'
orphan school. It was very difficult at that time to find suitable
persons willing to engage in the new enterprise, as its permanency
was doubted, and the price of provisions and all house-furnishing ma-
terials were high, and the compensation offered was necessarily low.
"When flour was from eleven to twelve dollars a barrel, beef from
twelve to twenty-five cents a pound, butter fifty cents a pound, ordinary
bed-ticking ninety cents a yard, muslin from seventy to eighty cents a
yard, and labor and everything else proportionately dear, the induce-
ment to furnish board, lodging, washing, mending, medical attendance,
and, in short, every necessity except clothing, for two dollars and eighty
cents a week, was not very great in a worldly point of view.
In the latter part of October, preparations were completed to
receive thirty orphans, and though orders of admission were promptly
issued by the State Superintendent, no children came till the sixth
day of December. Opening school with less than a dozen, the num-
ber slowly increased. In February, 1865, but twenty were present,
and not till May did the thirty children arrive. Mothers seemed
reluctant to accept the gratuity of the State.
At first there were accommodations for boys only ; but, as families
were thus separated. Dr. Burrowes determined that all schools should
have conveniences for children of both sexes, and, accordingly, on
189
190 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
the 15th of May, 1865, eight girls '•vere admitted, who had brothers
ill the school, from Strasburg (afterwards Mt. Joy), and eight boys
who had sisters at Strasburg were transferred to that institution.
During the spring and summer of 1865 the school steadily increased,
and continued to do so till its close.
Previous to the fall of 1865, the school-room was in the academy
building, nearly a half mile from the boarding-house, and pupils who
were not soldiers' orphans were received. This Dr. Burrowes said
must now be changed. The walk in stormy weather was objection-
able, particularly for the smaller pupils, and he wanted the orphans
in the schools by themselves, that the instruction and training might
be adapted to their special wants. A school-room was therefore
fitted up in the seminary building, which had, until now, been used
as a boarding-house alone. Here there were accommodations for
one hundred and fifty pupils, which were all that were then required.
But before a year rolled round the school-room and boarding facili-
ties were insufficient. Consequently, a large private house, on the
opposite side of the street, was secured for school purposes, and the
basement of the main building was remodelled and used for a dining-
room, and the old dining-room as an additional school-room. One
hundred and sixty pupils could now be accommodated. Attached
to the school was a farm of about twenty acres of land.
The organization of the school now approached completeness, there
being three teachers besides the Principal, a physician, a matron,
a farm superintendent, a sewing-room instructress, a cook, a baker, a
chambermaid, a dining-room girl, besides several other employees.
The health of the school was generally very good. Many of the
children were, however, troubled with sore eyes, which were a source
of much anxiety and trouble. This disease was brought iuto the
school by transfers from Philadelphia institutions. Also, in the
autumn of 1866, typhoid fever appeared in a mild form. Not a
single death, or a dangerous case of sickness, or even a serious acci-
dent, occurred at the school during the four years of its existence.
When the school visited Harrisburg, in the winter of 1866, every
pupil went along except one, who had measles ; and when the whole
school, numbering one hundred and forty-nine, was finally removed,
every child was well and able to walk to the railroad station, a dis-
tance of nearly half a mile.
The whole number of orphans admitted during the continuance of
the school was two hundred and eight, — one hundred and twenty-
PARADISE SCHOOL.
191
seven boys and eighty-one girls. The greatest number in school at
any one time was one hundred and sixty-one, — one hundred and
one boys and sixty girls. This was in the fall of 1867, a short time
before the school closed. Eleven pupils — seven boys and four girls
— were discharged on age, and one was transferred in the winter
cf 1867.
On the second day of January, 1868, twenty-two were transferred
to Mount Joy, and on the 29th of February following, the balance,
one hundred and twenty-seven, were transferred to Chester Springs,
and the Paradise School was at an end.
We append a list of the teachers and employees :
Superintendent. — Seymour Preston .
Physician. — George J. Hoover, M. D.
Teachers. — Elias Hollinger, Joseph N. Beistle, Lewis M. Haines, A.
D. Eisenhower, Silas A. Will, Rebecca Preston, Mary K. Schreiner, Mary
Gorman, Mary S. David.
Matrons. — Lydia Weirman, A. D. Elston, Catherine Chambers, Maria
Knipe, Harriet Naylor.
Male Attendants. — Herbert F. White, Mclntyre, Ramsey, James
Backet. '
Farm Superintendents. — John Gorman, Taylor Nethery.
Assistant. — J. Curran.
Sewing-Room Superintendent. — Sue Kline.
Cooks. — Harriet Ralph, Caroline Viney, Elizabeth Carmany.
192
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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Married.
420 Maria atreet.
Married.
i Transferred to Chester
Springs, Feb. 28, 1868.
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West Phtlad'a.
Philad'a
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Philad'a.
Reading.
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Lancaster.
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Lancaster.
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AUentown.
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Doylestown,
Doylestown.
Doylestown.
Ubanon.
Lancaster,
Lancaster.
Morionville,
Goshen,
Goshen.
Hamburg.
Allentown.
West Chester.
West Chester.
Harrisburg.
Harrisburg.
Soadernburg.
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Smith, Sarah L.
Strohm, Emma U.
Styer, Harriet C.
Styer, Mary A. K.
Taylor, Mary R.
Theiss, Matilda W.
ToUingor, Mary E.
ToUinger, Margaret J.
Wagner, Mary M.
Weiss, Sarah 0.
White, Ida L,
Woodward, R. Anna
Wyant, Agnes
Wyant, Sarah E.
Zook, Sarah E.
McALISTERVILLE SCHOOL.
N 1856, a stock company erected a substantial three-story
brick building, fifty-four by forty-eight feet, as an academy,
at the village of McAlisterville, Juniata county. Two
years later, Geo. F. McFarland, then Principal of the
Freeburg Academy, bought the building, and converted it into the
McAlisterville Academy, enlarging the accommodations, and con-
ducting it successfully as an academy and normal school until the
fall of 1862. Having then a good normal class composed largely
of teachers, he enlisted them into the service of the United States,
and took the company to Harrisburg, where it was assigned to the
One Hundred and Fifty-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, of
which he became lieutenant-colonel, and one of the teachers, W. L.
Owens, captain of the company. ,
Returning after the battle of Gettysburg, in 1863, in which he
was badly wounded, Colonel McFarland reopened the academy, and
continued it until the following autumn, when Dr. Burrowes, then
Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, requested him to convert it into
a soldiers' orphan school, which he did, it being duly recognized as
such November 3, 1864.
From this time forward it received soldiers' orphans upon the
or<!( r ni' ihc Superintendent, the number reaching sixty-one by
April 1, l'SI>r>, uikI one hundred and forty-one the following Decem-
)).•!. i',i ing among the in>i iu.^titutions of the kind, its work was at
firrtt largely missionary, and needy children were sent to it from
widely separated counties, and afterwards transferred when other
•chooU were opened nearer the homes of these children. It passed
196
McALISTERVILLE SCHOOL. 197
through the severe struggles incident to those early days of these
schools. Notwithstanding the unprofitable and unpromising state
of affairs, many and expensive improvements were made. A kitchen
was built and a large range put into it, a cistern constructed, the
dining-room enlarged, new desks put into the school-room, the several
departments all organized, with superintendents and assistants in
each ; sewing-machines procured, and other expenses incurred to
increase the accommodation and perfect the home and school facili-
ties of the children. These expenses put the institution in debt,
which was afterwards further increased by additional buildings, and
has since proved troublesome and annoying.
This school participated in all the efforts made to educate public
opinion to the wisdom and duty of providing for the needy orphans
of those who fell in the armies of the Union. At the first vacation,
July 27, 1865, the children were accompanied by Dr. Burrowes to
Mifflin, where the first concert was held in the court-house. The
large audience was deeply interested in the performance, the explana-
tion of the system by Dr. Burrowes, and the patriotic speeches that
followed. It was one of the three schools that visited Harrisburg,
March 16, 1866, and influenced the Legislature to abandon the
pauper bill and continue appropriations for the support of the
schools. Master Geo. L. Jacobs, now a practising physician of
Harrisburg, then a member of this school, delivered the original
poetic address to Governor Curtin, composed by Mrs. Eyster, that
called out his solemn declaration that the schools should be sup-
ported, and that brought tears to every eye and won every heart.
The school also participated in the ceremonies incident to the recep-
tion of the State battle-flags at Philadelphia, July 4, 1866. On all
these occasions the clothing, appearance, discipline, intelligence, and
ability of the children won general commendation. The military
drill of the boys was specially superior. ,
It becoming apparent that the number of orphans to be provided
for was larger than at first anticipated, and that better accommoda-
tions must be secured, twenty-two acres of land were purchased, and
an additional brick building erected, larger than the original academy
building, being sixty-seven by thirty-nine feet, four stories high, and
finished attic, and especially adapted to the purpose. The corner-
stone was laid, with interesting and appropriate ceremonies, July 23,
1866, Hon. S. P. Bates, LL.D., delivering the address.
The completion of this excellent building, with the out-buildings,
198 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
bam, fences, &c., and the planting of a grapery, fruit, and orna-
mental trees and shrubbery, &c., rendered the accommodations and
comforts here equal to the best in the State.
The industrial system, now working well in all the schools, was
early introduced and tested here with good results. When the new
building was being erected, two kilns of brick were burned and
handled by regular details of boys, they displaying much skill. A
large amount of work was done by them on this building and on
the farm then and since, while brooms, shoes, &c., have been made
and mended with satisfactory results. Still better results have been
attained in the industrial department with the girls, facilities for
their employment under instruction being better. All the clothes
have been made here, including the dress suits, from the first, and
the sewing department has been uniformly successful in turning out
good seamstresses and good operators on the sewing-machine.
The industrial plan was productive of the best results in the
health, development, discipline, and instruction of the children, and
in reducing the expenses of the institution.
On the first day of January, 1876, the control of the school passed
into the hands of Mr. Jacob Smith, of McAlisterville, who had for
many years been steward of the institution. From his well-known
business capacity, the most favorable results are confidently expected.
All things considered, the McAlisterville Soldiers' Orphan School
has a fair record. Its employees have been, in the main, faithful and
efficient. The pupils have been well taught. The health and physi-
cal development have been remarkable.
The rolls of the institution show that seven hundred and six sol-
diers* orphans (three hundred and ninety-four boys and three hun-
dred and twelve girls) have enjoyed its advantages as a home and
school. Among those who left the school at sixteen years of age, a
large number were well prepared for life's duties, and are faithfully
fulfilling the expectations of friends and statesmen. Some are min-
isters, teachers, doctors, lawyers, inventors, merchants, mechanics,
and farmers ; while others are filling important and responsible posi-
tions with credit to themselves and honor to the State. The State
will reap a harvest from their intelligence, industry, and virtue that
will very soon pay both principal and interest of the expenditures
in their behalf, and leave her richer in her citizenship, besides hav-
ing bound them firmly to her defence in time of need by this noble
act of justice to the bereaved oflspring of those who fell while fight-
bg her battles.
McALISTERVILLE SCHOOL.
199
Appended are the names of some of the persons officially connected
at various times witli the school.
Principals and Superintendents.
Rev. Chas. Witmer,
Jesse Kennedy,
James Stitzer,
Rev. M. L. Shindle,
Miss Mary E. Smith,
" C. J. Corbett,
" Annie M. Keller,
" Emily A. Fulton,
" R. Alice Gehrett,
" Sallie Van Horn,
Mr. O. M. Grieseraer,
" W. C. B. Miller,
" Henry Albert,
" Milton E. McLinn,
" W. W. Wisegarver,
Mrs. E. McWilliams,
" C. M. Yeager,
Miss Lizzie J. Corbett,
" Mag. S. Atchley,
Mr. John Miller,
Josiah McFarland,
Mr. J. Leonard,
Mrs. Mackey,
Miss Mattie B. Arey,
" M. A. Anderson,
E. A. Marqeitz,
Peter Devery,
Wm. E. Caveny,
J. H. Smith,
J. C. Bell,
Chaplains.
Rev. A. Copenhaver,
Physician.
A. J. Fisher, M. D.
Teaciiers.
Miss C. B. Stevens,
" Joe M. Stevens,
" Sallie J. Jacobs,
" L. J. Blair,
" Annie M.Milsom,
" Fannie E. Heyl,
Mr. Samuel M. Shelly,
Rev. E. D. Martin,
Mr. J. R. Runyan,
" J. P. Benford,
" Jacob Mann,
Matrons.
Miss Flora Caveny,
Mrs. Bella Rambler,
" Maggie A. Stewart,
" Mary J. Keller,
Male Attendants.
Mr. Arthur Boyd,
" John Shermer,
Seamstresses.
Miss Sallie McGarr,
Mrs. Jane Caveny,
Stewards.
Jacob Smith,
Gardeners.
Lewis Ingram,
M. R. Beck,
Ira Wentzel.
Rev. J. W. Izer.
Mr. Lewis A. Haffley,
Miss Clara Arey,
" C.S.Colby,
" Mary L. Nesbitt,
" SueB. Kuhn,
Mr. E. B. Young,
" Chas. M. Carrow,
" Theo. T. Davis,
" M. Kratz,
" H. S. Kulp,
" C. H. Heffley.
Mrs. E. P. Wyant,
" Fanny M. Smiley,
" Kate Brandt,
" Jennie Brehman.
Capt. John A. Bell,
Mr. W. W. R. Smith.
Mrs. Kate Dunn,
Miss May J. Snyder.
Reuben Caveny.
Daniel S. Masser.
200
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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m'alisterville soldiers' orphan school. 207
5 Farming near MAlls-
l tervillc, Pa.
Shoemaker by trade.
[Dnncannon.
Living with a family in
( Married, and Uving in
I Harri-iburg.
Teaching.
Married.
Married.
Married.
Died Dec. 12, 1870.
Milesburg.
Johnstown.
Millerstown.
Johnstown.
Millerstown
BendersviUe.
Lewistown.
Spring Milli. •
Liverpool.
Lewistown.
New Buffalo.
Harrisburg.
Pcrrvville.
Perry ville.
New Buffalo.
Altoona.
Altoona.
Concmaugh.
Beach Creek.
Liverpool.
Osceola.
Oscwia.
Osceola.
Osceola.
Liverpool.
Liverpool.
Baltimore.
Lock Haven.
Elliotuburg
Bloomsburg
Bloomsburg.
Drums.
Port Trevcrton..
Port Trcverton.
Port Treverton.
Mifflintown.
Hollidavsburg.
HoUldavsburg.
Mile«buV|f.
New Buffalo
Newn.iffalo
Milesburg.
New Oxford.
Lewistown.
Lewistown.
lewistown.
New Buffalo.
New Buffalo.
Waterloo
Martha Furnace
Sbamukin
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Cassville
Cassville
Cas'sVlIle
Cassville
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
p
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29, 1875
18, 1865
29. 1875
29, 1865
•29, 1875
24,1865
'29, 1875
24, 1863
•20, 1865
14, 1866
2, 1867
8, 1869
12, 1869
14, 1870
1,1871
8, 1871
8, 1871
4, 1872
5, 1874
8. 1874
18. 1876
B, 1874
12. 1874
13, 1873
1, 1874
1, 1874
1, 1874
13, 1873
13, 1873
7, 1868
31. 1864
'2,1865
1,1868
1, 1868
1, 1868
•25, 1868
■25, 1875
19, 1865
23, 1865
23. 1865
8, 1865
•26, 1865
•2e, 1865
•20, 1865
2. 1865
2, 1865
1, 1865
,1865
1, 1868
1.1868
29.1868
•21, 1869
4, 1870
■ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitfiiiii mum
Nov.
Deo.
Dec.
Oct.
Oct. i
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
June
Feb.
June 8. 1860
Apr. 27, 1854
Feb. 2, 1862
Feb. 15, 1850
Aug. 10, 1864
July ^28, 1856
Jan. 7. 1806
Oct. 22. 1851
May 10, 1850
Jan. 10, 1854
Jan. 4, 1856
Feb. 8, 1856
Apr. 3, 18.59
Mar. '20, 1858
May 10, 1862
Aug. '25, 1860
Mar. '25, 1862
Oct. 7. 1862
June 6, 1858
Nov. 19, 1859
Mav 5, 1868
Mar. 30, 1859
Feb. '26, 1860
Mar. 26, 1863
Mar. '20. 1862
Jan. 19, 1860
Jan. 22. 1864
Aug. 24, 1861
July 13, 1863
May 8, I860
Oct. 6, 1850
Mar. 11, 1856
May 12, 18,53
Sept. 10. ia59
Nov. 13, 1854
Aug. 22, 1858
Jan. 3, 1862
Nov. 8, 1863
Oct. 27, 1854
Feb. 18, 1857
May 27, 1854
Aug. -29, 1856
Jan. 15, 1851
Feb. 16. 1855
Sept. 22, 1853
Nov. 7, 18.51
Oct. 3, 1&51
Aug. 5, 1855
Sept. 12, 1853
Oct. 7, 1856
Apr. 29, 18.58
July 4, 1856
Jan. 21, 18.59
July 27, 1857
Warfel, Isaac
Wallace, Robert W.
Warlel, Henry S.
West, Alfred A.
Warfel, James
Wise, George P.
Warfel, Robert A.
Wise, Winfield S.
Walker, Abel
White, Lemuel H.
Walters, Jeremiah
Williamson. John W.
White, Jacob A.
Wright, Thomas W.
Wyant, Jeremiah S.
Wallace, James P.
Wallace, George Mo.
Wright, William H.
Wherry, Albert C.
Wilt, Jacob S.
Warfel, David
Wants, Roland A.
Williams, Thomas R.
Wright, David B.
Walker, Abraham L.
Walker, Alva
Walker, Andrew G.
Wright, Irvin
Wright, James
Yeager, George P.
Avis, Hannah A.
Albert, Mary C.
Allen, Mary M.
Allen, Ellen N.
Acker, Lydia
Arnold, Ida B.
Arnold, Mary M.
Arnold, Carrie
Butler, Martha C.
Blair, Sarah M.
Briner, Mary E.
Blett, Harriet W.
Blett, Mary K.
Bair, Catherine A.
Bair, Susan A.
Batton, Mary M.
Bennett, Nora M.
Bordel, Mary
■z
X
III
208
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Going to school in Phila.
Died Feb. 17, 1875.
Teaching in Perry eo.
Teaching in Snyder oo.
Tailoress.
Married.
Married.
Married.
Married.
At home with mother.
C Married James Biddle,
I a laborer.
Died Feb. 9, 1869.
CTanght school for a
\ time ; is now married.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN
AT Home.
Penn's Creek.
Penn's Creek.
New Bloom Beld.
Willianisport....
Waterloo.
Lewisburg
Willianisport.
Pine Grove Mills.
Smiths Mills.
Williumsburg.
Williamsburg.
Milesburg.
Mt. Holly Sp'gs.
Grandville.
East Salem.
Milesburg.
Elliottsburg
Elliottsburg
Newport
Chapman.
Chapman.
Lewistown
Phillipsburg.
Williamsport....
Williamsport....
Williamsport....
Newport
Newport.
Newport.
Bellefonte.
Phillipsburg.
Smith-8 Mills.
Milesburg.
Milesburg.
Milesburg.
Milesburg
Bellefonte.
Newport.
Newport. •
Newtn Hamilton
Howard.
Howard.
Duncannon.
BoHlsburg
Milroy.
Milroy.
Mountain Eagle.
New Columbia..
Duncannon.
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June 6, 1870
Jan. 1, 1871
Jan. 15, 1873
Deo. 25. 1868
July 24, 1873
Feb. 8, 1876
HiiiiHliiii
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From.
"JMk"8on"vme "
Jacksonville
Jacksonville
"0M8"v'ille"
Andersonhurg
Jacksonville
"whiT"e""Haii"""
White Hall
Oran-geville
Orangeville
Orangeville
Loysville
bill
m
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nnii
Date of
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
Apr. 25, 1870
Apr. 25, 1870
Sept. 28, 1870
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 1. 1874
Sept. 18, 1874
Sept. 18, 1874
Sept. 1, 1868
Nov. 17, 1874
June 1, 1875
Mar. 10, 1865
Mar. 14, 1865
Aug. 31, 1865
Aug. 31, 1865
Feb. 17. 1866
Jan. 5, 1867
Jan. 5. 1867
Sept. 6, 1867
Jan. 28. 1868
June 1. 1868
Junel, 1868
Juue 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1. 1868
Apr. 12, 1869
Sept. 13, 1869
Feb. 13, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
Apr. 10, 1874
Jan. 19 1865
Jan. 19, 1865
Jan. 19. 1865
Feb. 1, 1865
July 11, 1855
Julv 11, 1865
Jan. 3. 1871
June 21, 1874
June 24, 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 8, 1867
Nov. 11, 1867
Oct. 7, 1870
Feb. 1,1865
Dec. 22, 1865
Jan. 4, 1870
Sg iSligii:
Jan. 11, 1860
Dec 6, 1864
Jan. 2, 1860
May 17, 1860
Sept. 8, 1860
June 11, 1870
Jnly 31. 1851
Sept. 19. 1855
Jnly 28, 1854
Feb. 15, ia53
Jan. 18, 1855
Sepu 22, 1854
Oct. 12, 1867
Dec. 15, 1855
June 6, 1854
Jan. 1, 1855
Jan. 15, 1857
Dec. -25, 1S>2
July 24, 1857
Feb. 8, 1860
Apr. 2, 1862
Dec. 23. 1859
July 18, I860
May 13, 1862
Aug. 2, 1860
Jan. 20, 1856
Aug. 6, 1858
Nov. 11, 1853
Aug. 22, 1856
Jan. 24, 1852
Sept. 5, 1850
June 12, 1860
Nov. 13, 1860
May 15, 1859
Dec. 1, 1861
Jnne 6, 1855
Jnly 10, 1858
Oct. 2, 1860
July 15, 1852
Nov. 28, 1850
Jnly 26, 1861
III
: Ulilj£
mfkm
iMmm
Cramer, Emily F.
Campbell. Sarah J.
Campbell, Mary E.
Campbell. Laella
Crooks. Mary H.
Crooks, Kmma J.
Crooks, Elizabeth
Condo, Anna M.
Cramer. Cordelia B.
Cnrrv. Mary A.
Cook, Mary J.
Davis, Lucy
DaviR. Ellen
Davis, Sarah A.
usOMatdsS:
SaOQAOAK
Engle, Minnie
Engle, Sarah
Funk. Margaret A.
Fisher, Fannie
Ford. Mary Ann
m'alisterville soldiers' orphan school. 209
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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m'alisterville soldiers' orphan school. 211
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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m'alisterville soldiers' orphan school. 213
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QUAKERTOWN SCHOOL,
MONG the schools selected by Superintendent Burrowes
was the one at Quakertown, Bucks county. The buildings
were erected for, and were many years used as, a boarding-
school. This place was originally settled by the Friends
or Quakers, and hence its name. It is now a thriving borough. It
is situated on a fertile plateau, about five miles in diameter, and has
a continuous border of boulders, from two to three miles wide, com-
pletely encircling it. This singular formation has been a fruitful
source of geological discussions. In early times the wild deer
resorted here in large numbers, to drink of the waters of a salt
spring not far from the school.
Rev. Lucian Cort was the first proprietor and principal of the
orphan school. On the first day of January, 1865, ten orphans had
been ordered to it by the State Superintendent. The first children
were admitted on the eighteenth of the same month. They continued
to come in slowly. In the November following, one hundred and
six orders for admission had been granted, but only fifty-eight had
reported ; in January, 1866, one hundred and twenty-five orders of
admission had been issued, and only sixty-nine had been admitted.
The State had paid Mr. Cort, for keeping the orphans to December
1, 1866, seventeen thousand nine hundred and fifty-four dollars and
sixty-two cents ; and for making clothing and mending shoes, eight
hundred and fifty dollars and sixty-four cents. The attendance on
the first day of April, 1867, was one hundred and forty-one.
Tlie management of the school not being satisfactory to the State
authorities, Mr. Cort was succeeded, after conducting the school
about two years, by Messrs. Fell and Marple, and remained under
214
QUAKERTOWN SCHOOL
216
their control something over one year, when all the orphans were
transferred to the soldiers' orphan school at Chester Springs, Chester
county. During the year the Quakertown School was in the charge
of these gentlemen, its conveniences and comforts were increased,
and the pupils made commendable progress in their studies.
Physicians.
A. M. Dickie, M. D.,
John Haney, M. D.
Teachers.
Mr. John Campbell,
Mr. George Weiss,
Mr. John Smith,
Miss Sallie Aaron,
Matrons.
Mrs. Gohee"n,
Mrs. Hellinger.
Assistant Matron and Seamstresses.
Hannah Hellyer, dee'd,
Mrs. Hishbaugh,
Mary Cambell,
Joanna Watson,
Elthea Hill,
Mrs. Wills,
Lucy Ann Bornden.
216
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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QUAKERTOWN ORPHAN SCHOOL.
217
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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QUAKERTOWN ORPHAN SCHOOL.
219
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MOUNT JOY SCHOOL.
^
M
HIS institution had its origin at Strasburg, Lancaster,
county, under the principalship of Professor J. R. Car-
others. It was opened on the 20th of December, 1864.
But the accommodations being inadequate, the academy
buildings at Mount Joy were purchased of Professor E. L. Moore,
A. M., and the orphans, being sixty-four in number, taken thither.
This transfer took place during the annual vacation of 1865, the
vacation beginning July 28th and ending September 4th.
The change of place not only secured better conveniences to the
school, but was an advantage to it in other respects. Its location
was now a desirable one. Mount Joy being a beautiful village, noted
for the number of its excellent citizens, and possessing good railroad
facilities, situated as it is on the Pennsylvania Railroad, twelve miles
west of Lancaster and twenty-five east of Harrisburg. The edifice
now occupied presents an inviting appearance, and has a beautiful
yard in front laid out in walks and shaded with trees. The number
of pupils increasing, additions were made to the buildings. But the
State authorities not being satisfied with the management of Mr.
Carothers, i)revailed on Professor Jesse Kennedy, then Principal of
the McAlisterville S'oldiers' Orphan School, to purchase the property
at Mount Joy and become Principal of that school. He took pos-
session on the first day of December, 1867. , At that time there were
one hundred and twenty-nine pupils.
Professor Kennedy was widely and favorably known, having ably
represented Cumberland and Perry counties in the State Legislature
in 1862, besides filling other important positions of public trust.
His administratiou of the afl'airs of the institution was also very
220
1
MOUNT JOY SCHOOL.
221
efficient. Orphans were attracted to the school and the number
began to increase, and continued to do so till there were in attend-
ance nearly three hundred pupils. Immediately there were improve-
ments which required a large expenditure of money. Important
additions were made to the buildings. A large cooking-range, of
the most approved pattern, was procured, and a first-class furnace
was placed in the basement of the main structure. Nothing was
neglected that could increase the comfort and happiness of the chil-
dren. The institution, under Mr. Kennedy's supervision, rapidly
rose to a position second to none, and has since ranked among the
best in the State.
While the discipline of the school, under its present Principal, has
been strict, it has been secured in such a way as to cultivate a home
feeling among the children. Severe measures have been resorted to
only in rare and extreme cases, and after other methods have failed.
Those receiving correction have been made to feel that their reforma-
tion and well-being are the sole ends of punishment. Kindness has
ever been the controlling influence. Children have been trained and
not " broken." By firm and kind treatment real nobleness of char-
acter has been developed. The children, as a whole, have been and
are, while at the school, willing, industrious, cheerful, frank, manly,
and ambitious to excel. The " well done " of Principal and teachers
has carried with it an inspiration, and has been a constant stimulus
to well doing.
Visitors have always been welcomed and encouraged to mingle at
pleasure with the inmates of the school. No suspicion of tyranny
has at any time been created by closing its doors to any who have
sought admittance.
That labor is honorable and idleness a disgrace has been taught
both by precept and example. Instruction has been imparted in all
possible kinds of employments.
The children have also been taught the importance of good man-
ners, whether in the school-room, at their work, at the table, or on
the play-ground. Tidiness in dress and person has at all times
been required.
The corps of teachers has, from the beginning of Mr. Kennedy's
connection with the school, been full and competent, a number of
them being college and normal school graduates, and standing high
in their profession.
The moral and religious training of the orphans has been regarded
222
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
of first importance and received much attention. Vice has been
made to appear odious and its practice degrading, while moral purity
has been represented as lovable and elevated and the road to true
success. Many of the orphans, while under the influence of the
school, have been led to profess faith in Christ.
As a result of this wholesome discipline, right training, and
thorough instruction, a large proportion of the children, after leaving
school, do well. Quite a number have begun to teach with no
further preparation ; others, aided by friends or the State, have con-
tinued their studies at normal schools, and are now either preparing
for, or are, teaching.
With fewer exceptions than could be expected, have the children
been so grounded in right principles that they have, after being
thrown out into the world and exposed to temptations, been true to
the lessons imparted at school, and receive that respect, in the com-
munities where they reside, which is due industry, honesty, and
virtue.
The Mount Joy School stands high in the affections of the orphans
and their mothers, and enjoys the esteem and good-will of the intel-
ligent community in which it is located. It has done and is doing
a noble work, of which the State is justly proud.
Subjoined are the names of some of the persons officially connected
with the school from the date of its organization to the present time :
SUPERINTENDEIfT Aiq^D PrOPKIETOE.
• Jesse Kennedy.
Physicians to Institution.
J. L. Siegler, M. D., C. W. Moore, M. D.
Mr.
Thomas Ruth,
John C. Martin,
Israel M. Gable,
George Deitrich,
George G. Kunkle,
G. N. Alexander,
Clinton C. Hughes,
Geo. W. Geiger,
Bamuel Smeigh,
Middleton Smith,
lirael L. Witmyer,
Teachers.
Mr. John Hinkle,
" Joseph R. Irving,
" Edward J. Moore,
" Richard Holl,
" James R. Ewing,
Miss M. Snowberger,
" E. Richardson,
" T. Buckingham,
" M.I. Shields,
" P. E. Buttles,
" Julia Moore,
Miss
E. Hollinger,
M. Tollinger,
Sal lie E. Gulp,
Liberty Stewart,
Rachel Hudson,
Lou M. Shields,
Mary Martin,
Cora Hull,
Lillie Moore,
M. E. Buckwalter,
Ella Kline.
MOUNT JOY SCHOOL
223
Employees.
John C. Moore, Steward. Ehrman Huber, Supt. of Boys.
Jacob Keorper, )
William Scholing,]^^^^^-
Chas. Willis and Henry Mellinger, Farmers.
Miss Mary Wood, Matron.
Miss Lizzie Smiley, '\
" Kate Smiley, V Assistant Matrons.
Mrs. Kate Hamaker, j
Miss Annie Hippie, ")
Mrs. Kate Hamaker, >• Seamstresses.
Miss Mary Curran, j
Mrs. Maggie Huber, Culinary Department.
Miss Josie Hunter, )
" Annie Hull, | Supt. of Dmmg-room.
Mrs. Sarah Shroeder, ] _
" Adelaide Hamaker, I ^'^"°'^'^^««-
224
PEXXA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
REMARKS.
cigar manufacturer.
Blacksmith.
In a plauing-mlll.
Home with mother.
Boatman.
Coachsmtth.
Clerk.
Died , 1874.
Car shops, P. R. R. Co.
Brakeman^.&R.B.E.Co.
Clerk.
Mason.
Farmer.
Iron-workt.
Shoemaker.
Printer.
Home with mother.
Boatman.
Home with mother.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Harrisburg
Millersville
New Jersey
Lancaster.
Harrisburg.
Norrlstowu
Middletown
Lancaster.
Harrisburg.
Millersburg.
Millersville
Philadelphia....
Bristol
Philadelphia....
Hamburg
Lebanon.
West Chester.
West Chester.
Salisbury.
Salisbury.
Sali..<bury.
Lancaster
La ncaster
Catawissa
Lebanon
Lebanon.
Womelsdorf.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Middletown
Lancaster
Newport.
Hamburg.
Marietta.
Danville
Lancaster.
Greene.
Marietta
Marietta.
Lancaster.
New Holland.
Waterside.
Lebanon
Wallaceton.
Wallaceton.
Kast Kidge.
Six Mile Run.
Huntingdon.
1
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S. O. Inst.
Paradise
Lan. Home
■Lan.'Home"'
■Lan.'Home*"
Paradise
Lan. Home
Paradise
Paradise
Wilkesbarre
Emmaus
Lan. Home
Andersonburg
'Lan.'Home'"
'Worael'sdorf"
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Date of
Admission
ON Order
or by
Transfer.
Oct. 11.1865
June 16, lh66
Sept. 13, 1866
Jan. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 22, 1869
Sept. 26. 1870
Sept. 19, 1871
Dec. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1872
June 16. 1866
May 16, 1865
May 12, 1865
Sept. 21, 1865
Dec. 15, 1865
Oct. 10 1866
Nov. 30, 1867
Nov. 30, 1867
Nov. 30, 1867
Dec. 27, 18(i7
Sept. 1, 1873
Dec. 27, 1867
Dec. 2f , 1867
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1,1870
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 26. 1870
Mav 9, 1871
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1. 1R7I
Oct. 30, 1872
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1. 1873
Sept. 24, 1873
Sept. 24, 1873
Sept. 29, 1873
Oct. 27, 1873
Feb. 13. 1874
Mar. 17, 1874
M.av 8, 1874
MaV 8. 1874
May 8, 1874
May 8, 1874
May 8, 1874
Ii
G
I
11
|iiiii«iii
!ll!i»ll!ililljillil
Brown, Henry
Bitu, Benj. F.
BoUiuger. Joeiah
Brown, George
Brown, Daniel Mc.
Billig. Daniel
Brooks, Joshna
Bailey, Samnel T.
Bell, Uartroan
Brown, Klmer E.
Brown, Franklin
Brown, John C.
Bamea. Martin A.
Bowers, William B.
Bowman, William F.
Benson, William H.
Bressler, William S.
Bressler, Joseph H.
Beeman, Homer S.
Beer*. George W.
Barkley, George W.
MOUNT JOY soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 225
tea t-Ti-i
«i . as..
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o c a> V
2I1
^^
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iiiiiiiiiliiiilgiiiiii^giiiiiSiiiiiiisiiiiiiiiiliiiliiii
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15
226
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
4 1
5 a S !m w
rt Q !K ^ »?
iiiiisiiiiij|iggliiii|igiiigigiii
r:-?f--"-a2i
S-<'-s<ooOl«mO-<!aDOO-<a!QCOi-
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^Mwtn
•?osii"fc4a8a4'?ofaw4a-<aaoosB»s.
■ u U O, >. fc u 60
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iiiil^i!55lg S tl III §1 II t
si:-fe|gsp555l^^o||t:«
MOUNT JOY soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 227
Clerk.
Laborer on Q. & L. B.B.
Clerk in bank in N. J.
Farmer.
Moulder.
Hat-maker.
Printer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Moulder.
Laborer.
Beading law at Colombia.
Laborer.
Car-painter.
Clerk.
Currier.
Clerk.
Home with mother.
Home with mother.
Farming.
Home with mother.
Photographer.
Blacksmith.
Hat manufacturer.
Hat manufacturer.
Home with mother.
Carpenter.
Died ,1871.
Salisbury.
Stroudsburg.
Altoona.
Bohrsburg.
Philadelphia....
Lancaster
Safe Harbor.
Goldsborough...
Sporting Hill...
Reading.
Hi
III
Heading
Lancaster
Reading
Danville
Reading
Blue Ball.
Lancaster
Lancaster
Lancaster
Goldsborough...
Bunbury.
Lancajtter
Manheim.
k
Laucaater.
Lanoaster
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Columbia.
Moher'a Store...
Moher'i Store.
Moher'a Store...
Jonestown.
Philadelphia.
Beading
Lancaster.
Mnncy.
Monnt Joy.
Lancaster,
aiatlugton.
Bethlehem
Ono.
Columbia.
Lancaster.
Cauwisaa.
Cittawissa.
Ihiladelphta.
1
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I U 11 :J
Chester Sp'ga
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
Orangevllle
', a
:5
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
WiVkesbarre
Sept. 19, 1871
Oct. 2. 1874
Apr. 14. 1875
Nov. 16, 1875
May 3, 1865
May 10, 1865
July 7, 1865
Apr. 18, 1865
May 15, 1865
Oct. 19, 1865
Dec. 14, 1865
Dec. 14, 1865
Sept. 15, 1869
June 18, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 9, 1867
Dec. 11, 1867
Sept. 9, 1867
Juue 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1. 1868
Dec. 1, 1867
Dec. 6, 1868
Dec. 5, 1868
May 30, 1868
June 22, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Nov. 10, 1869
Jan. 17, 1870
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 15, 1870
Sept. 15, 1870
Jan. 21, 1871
Apr. 27, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1. 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Dec. 7, 1872
Jan. 6, 1873
Jan. 15, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
June 8, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 7, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Mar. 15, 1875
Apr. 19, 1875
Sept. 3. 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
May 5, 1865
Dec. 10, 1860
Jan. 11, 1860
Feb. 27, 1864
Aug. 12, 1860
Mar. 19, 1853
Feb. 10, 1855
Apr. 11, 1851
Apr. 17, 1854
May 30. 1854
Oct. 13, 1856
Jan. 3, 1855
Apr. 15, 1857
Feb. 12, 1856
Oct. 2, 1855
Julv '21, 1852
June 5, 1855
Aug. 15, 1854
Nov. 3, 1858
Dec. 13, 1858
July 19, 1854
Oct. 11, 1856
May 29, 1855
Feb. 22, 1855
Dec. 13, 1857
Oct. 22, 18,59
Nov. 27, 1859
Feb. '23, 1857
July 27, 1858
July 30, 1860
Oct. 26, 1858
Dec. 13, 1860
Deo. 9, 1860
Dec. 7, 1869
July 24, 18.58
Aug. 21. 1860
Jan. 15. 1860
Mar. 10, 1H.59
May 10, 18,59
Feb. 12, 1856
May 10, 1H,59
Dec. 24, 1860
July 3, 1865
Aug. 28, 1862
Apr. 17, 1862
Oct. 8. 1864
Sept. 30, lHfi4
Sept. 15. 1863
Apr. 1, 1668
Feb. 14, 1859
Jan. 4, 1867
May 2, 1864
Deo. 7, 1864
Mar. 6, 1^61
Aug. 2, 1866
Nov. 29, 1869
May 9, 1853
I
1
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oxx
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fill
xxxx
il
a c
a c
XX
it
■ft
Holl, Isaac W.
Horner, Ananias
Holl, Richard P.
Hale, James
Holl, George
Hinkle, Henry M.
Huber, George W.
Hahn, William K.
Hahn, John
Hunter, Walter P.
Headings, Charles R.
nxx
Hambright, Phares C.
Hooper, Thomas D.
Hagele, Norman W.
Hannura, Lewis W.
Haas, Samuel
Haas, Heury
Haas, John
Horn, Harry L.
Hagele, John
Hughes, Henry H.
Hamhright, George H.
Handflong, William
Hinkle, Harry
t.i
m
= 11
:;xx
. ^1
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8
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228
PENXA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
3
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MOUNT JOY soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL
229
Brakeman. P. E. B.
Baker.
In nail works.
In nail works.
Home with mother.
Plumber and gas-fitter.
Home with mother.
Going to school.
Edge-tool works.
Married.
Moulder.
Printer.
Plumber and gas-fitter.
5 Sailor. Last heard from
} in India.
Steel works.
Home with grandmother.
Farmer.
Clerk.
Home with grandmother.
Baker.
Machinist.
In Nebraska.
Died 1872, in Nebraska.
Painter.
Home with mother.
Printer.
Home with mother.
Engineer.
Home with mother.
llll
ml
•.T-C
= as
ill
nil'
Marietta.
Williamsburg.
Williamsburg...
Columbia.
II
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it
m
MM
Newnianstown..
Newmanstown..
Chester Springs.
Lebanon
Lebanon. *
Harrisburg.
Harrisburg
Reading
Reading
Harrisburg.
MiddletowB
Salisbury.
Salisbury.
Harrisburg
Kutztown
Sunhury.
Mapleton.
Mapleton.
Lancaster.
Columbia.
Sunburv.
Columbia.
Danville.
Danville.
Wa!<hiiigton.
Washington.
j
«^- :
1 ! :
III!
.;
: :i
;iiH
•«» : :
2
1
Mar. 16, 1871
Nov. 9. 1873
Apr. 27, 1871
July 5, 1873
Aug. 18, 1873
Nov. 20, 1873
Nov. 4, 1875
s
Mar. 25, 1868
Nov. 27, 1868
Apr. 27, 1867
Dec. 11, 1872
Dec. 31, 1870
Dec. 10, 1867
'• >
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S. 0. Inst.
8. 0. Inst.
Paradise
Paradise
Orange vi lie
Loysville
m
J :i-3 :
m
illi
-sas
Oaa a
iii
Emmaus
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
Wllkesbarre
Lan. Home
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
Lan. Home
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 15, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Jan. 1, 1868
Jan. 1, 1868
Junel, 1868
Sept. 1 . 1868
Sept. 1. 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Dec. 24, 1870
May 3, 1871
eg.
1874
1875
, 1865
,1865
, 1865
1865
1865
1865
1866
, 1M66
, 1866
. 1H66
, 1H66
, 1867
, 1867
1868
1868
1868
1869
1869
1867
1870
1875
871
, 1871
.1871
1871
1872
1873
1873
, 1874
. 1874
1874
1875
1874
1875
1875
1875
1873
1873
1873
1874
May 8,
June 8,
Sept. H
Sept. It
Sept. It
Oct. 18,
Dec. 6,
Dec. 6,
Mar. 29
Sept. i;
Sept. 14
Sept. 14
S.pt. 14
June 17
June 17
.Sept. 1,
Dec. 5,
Dec. 5,
Oct. 20.
Nov. 27
Dec. 1,
May 8,
Sept. 2J
Sept. 25
Dec. 7,
Mar. 25
Sept. 1
Oct. 6,
June 22
June 22
Sept. 1,
Apr. 19
Sept. 1,
Apr. 19
Apr. 27
Apr. 27
Sept. 1,
Sept. 1,
Feb. 16
iili|i|ii|i|iii|iiiiiiiliii|§i|^
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Muma, Lamaa
Muma, John
Miller, Isaac D.
Montgomery, Robert W.
Means. William R.
a
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
t 55 ** OJ
iiPliiiiilliiiiiiiigissiiiilsiiiiiiiiiiiiliiili-.
o.o.4,«a5'33S'5j5d52ci.a£*£"g'oS'£"g'oQ.=-S^£"S"«=!o)«o!»!eaaa«4a«iSo«i«eo.esr-g"
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MOUNT JOY soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 231
Clerk.
Teaching.
Farming.
Blacksmith.
Baker.
Coacb factory.
Coal mines. Shamokin.
Cotton-mills.
Home with sister.
Painter.
Married.
Home with mother.
Carpenter.
Coachsmith.
Bridge-builder.
Clerk.
Home with mother.
CTerk In boot-store.
Clerk.
Teaching.
Home with mother.
Farming.
Fanning.
Cigar-maker.
Butcher.
Farming.
Baker.
Confectioner.
Farming.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Airville
Airville
Lancaster
!s
1
1
i
1
>■
>
1
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Lebanon.
Wakefield.
Washington.....
Washington.
RealiUK
Marietta.
Mount Jor.
Petersburg.
MavtowD.
CatHwissa.
Cilawissa.
Lebanon.
Gilbert
Sliirleysburg.
^Jlntington.
SlatingtoD.
Kreidersville.
Krelder.Tllle.
Saxton.
Harrisburg
Danville
Fishing Creek...
Fairniount, III..
Fishing Creek.
FUhing Creek...
Bloomsburg.
Sereno.
Philadelphia.
Millersburg.
LIsburn.
Manheira
Grosb's Store...
Manayunk
if
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i
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:3
i
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Apr. 28, 1872
Sept. 8. 1874
Aug. 12, 1871
Dec. 5, 1868
June 4, 1875
June 6, 1875
Dec. 25, 1870
July 13, 1870 •
ill
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S. 0. Inst.
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
Paradise
Paradise
Lan. Home
Lan. Home
JVomelsdorf
Kmmaus
Kmnians
Enimaus
= 111
m
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Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 9, 1867
Sept. 11, 1867
Dec. 1, 1867
Dec. 1, 1867
Jan. 1, 1S68
Jan. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 18,68
Dec. 5, 1868
Jan. 5, 1869
Mar. 1,1869
Mar. 1, 1869
Mar. 1, 1869
June 1, lh<>9
Oct. 19, 1870
Jan. 25, 1871
June 24, 1872
May 8, 1874
Mar. 16, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Feb. 6, 187;l
Sept. 1.1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 3. 1873
Feb. '23, 1874
Sept. 1. 1874
Feb. 20. 1875
Feb. '20, 1875
Mar. 20, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Dec. '27. 1875
Dec. 1. 1867
Snpt. 1, 1868
Sept. 1.5, 1868
Mar. 1, 1869
Mar. 19, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Apr. 27, 1875
Sept. 13, 1866
Apr. 23, 1875
Oct. 16, 1865
Sept. 2, 1867
July '29, 1866
Sept. 13, 1H66
Oct. 15, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 9, 1867
Jan. 1, 1868
Jan. 5, 1870
Oct. 26, 1853
Nov. 17, 1856
Apr. '28. 1866
Sept. 8, 18.58
Nov. 6. 1867
Aug. 14, 18,57
Aug. 12, 1865
Dec. 5. 1852
Juue 4, 1859
Juue 6, 1859
Dec. '25, ia54
July 13, 18.54
Oct. 28, 1867
Aug. '23, 1865
Apr. 21, 18i'>4
Aug. 4, 1856
Sept. 10, 1860
Mar. 1, 1K66
Feb. '23, 1861
Ool. 8, 1861
Sept. 15, 1858
Dec. 8, 1861
Jan. 8, 1862
Sept. 11, 186:1
Sept. '23. 1862
Mar. 16, 1860
Feb. -16. 1862
Nov. 1, 1862
July 3. 1860
Sept. '22. 1861
Miir. 11, 1862
Nov. 15. 1866
Apr. 28, 1860
June 14, 1862
May 5, 1862
July 16. 1867
Mar. 11, I.M64
Dec. 11, 1869
Sept. 19, 18.>8
Oct. 15, 1854
Nov. 3, 1861
June 15, 1861
Mar. 5, 1857
Oct 8. 1862
Apr. '28, 18(i5
Aug. 11, 18.55
Apr. '29, 1860
May 11, 1853
Mar. 21, 1867
Oct 15, 1853
Feb. 27, 1858
Dec. '25, 1864
Feb. 22, 18.57
May 16, 1857
July 18, 1854
Mar. 11, 1860
Smith, Albert
Smith, Frank
Stokes, Jackson L.
Stokes, William L.
Sharlock, John
Styer, Samuel E.
Schmidt, Michael
Schmidt, John
Schmidt, Charles
Styer, William
Shoup, John
Shrov, John H.
Shelleuberger, Jonas S.
Shelleuberger, John J.
Spaugler, Clement M.
Simmers, Joseph H.
Schlegelmilch, Geo. W,
Schlegelmilch. John L.
Sharrar. Oemge 0.
Styer, Klnier E.
Strawbridge, Jacob
Strawbridge, Henry D.
Seiders, Solomon
Sultzback, Peter
Sneath, Stephen A. D.
Sanders, Henry M.
Stevenson, Jacob
Small, Christian
Small, Harrison
Sbiiud, Jacob D.
Small, Nathan
Sneath, Charles A.
Snyder. Alvin
KM or
Theis. Charles F.
Trumbower, Harrv E.
Thomas, Daniel W.
Tavlor, John H.
Thomas, William I.
Thomas, Joshua K.
Thomas, Abraham C.
Thomas, William C.
Ulmer, William
Urich, Samuel R.
Wise, William M.
White. Jacob
Wilhelm, Adam
Wilde, Edward
Wolbei t, William C.
WatMon, William J.
Witmer, Francis
Woodward, Randolph F.
Werle, John H.
1
232
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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MOUNT JOY SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOL,
233
Home with mother.
Mautuamaker,
Home with mother.
Married.
House- work.
Atten'g S.N.8.,Bloom8"g.
Home with mother.
Died, 1872.
Married.
Home with mother.
i Teaching. Graduated at
Shippensburg S. N. S.
( Dining-room assistant,
I Mount Joy S. 0. S.
(Discharged on age, un-
< der provisions of an act
( approved May 27, 1870.
Died. 1875.
Married.
Married.
Printer.
Home with mother.
Married.
Home with mother.
Atten'gS.N.S.,Miller8v'le
Milliner.
Teaching.
Married.
Married.
Married.
Home with mother.
lis
III
Jonestown.
Jonestown.
Marietta.
Mount Joy.
Marietta.
New Holland.
Lebanon.
Lebanon.
Six Mile Run....
Saxton.
Philadelphia....
Lebanon
Mifflinville
Coatesville
Coatesvllle
Newport
Wilkesbarre....
Union Corner.
Uuion Comer...
Catawissa.
Middletown.
Lime Valley....
Danville.
Danville.
Lime Valley.
Middletown.
Pottsville.
Strasburg.
Btrasburg.
Bart
Bart
Bart
Lancaster
York.
Philadelphia....
McF.wensville.
Strasburg
Bloom sburg.
Danville.
Kreidersville.
Philadelphia.
Philadelr-hia.
u
Reading
Reading
Merccrsburg.
Philadelphia.
lola
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Fel.. 14. 1873
Feb. 14, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 24, 1873
Oct. 27, 1873
.Mar. 24, 1874
Mar. 24, 1874
.May 8, 1874
May 4, 1875
Sept. 13, 1866
June 27. 1867
Sept. 1, 1.^68
Apr. 20, 1869
Oct. 14. 1869
Jan. 13, 1870
.Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1872
.Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1873
.Sept. 1, 1874
Oct. 12, 1870
Sept. 1, 1874-
Sept. 1. 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Jan. 18, 1H75
June 8, 1875
Apr. 20, 1,S69
Dec. 20, 1864
Dec. 20, 1864
Apr. 1.5, 1865
Apr. 15, 1865
Sept. 3, 1867
July 1, 1865
Mar. .30, 1866
Sept. 13. 1866
June 1,1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1874
Oct. 2, 1875
Jan. 18, 1865
Jan. 18. 1865
Sept. 3. 1865
Feb. 1, 1869
Sept. 3. 1865
Oct. 26, 1865
Sept. 12, 1865
Sept. 12, l.Hfi5
Mhv 12, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
June 1, 1868
Mar. 1, 1869
Sept. 10, 1859
June J6, lMo8
Nov. 22, 1861
Dec. 9, 1«H3
Apr. 22, 1865
July 10, I860
Deo. 20, Itttil
Julv 1, 1865
Aug. 9, 1861
Fel). U, 1861
Apr. 19, 1«63
Dec. 25, 1858
Mar. 23, 1866
Nov. 30, 1853
Apr. 7, 1857
Oct. 5, 1853
Apr. 11, 1856
Oct. 26, 1858
Deo. 29, 1856
May 22, 1859
Jan. 8, 1860
June 16, 1858
Dec. 5, 1862
Nov. 30, 1862
Mar. 22, 1857
Apr. 21, 1865
Feb. 24. 1867
Dec. 7, 186;i
Feb. 20, 1861
July 12, 1861
July 27, 1854
Apr. 19, 1854
Feb. 8, 1851
Feb. 1,1858
Sept. 7, 1H55
Mar. 2, 1H54
Deo. 19, 1852
Jan. 2, 1851
Jan. 1,1857
June 18, 18.54
Apr. 19, 1854
Mar. •81,1863
Apr. 16, 1864
Nov. 4, 1861
June 21. IHie
Sept. 8, 18.53
Sept. 1. iai6
Apr. 2, 1858
Mar. 25, 18,55
Nov. 7. 18.52
Dec. 16. 1854
Aug. 3, 18.56
May 30. 18.56
Sept. 27, 1855
Aug. 6, 18r,3
Oct. 2, 1859
i 1
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Briglitbill, Marv
Bngliibill, Elizabeth
Brooks, Amanda
Barlow, Serena
Brown, Eliuiia E.
Bowers, Elizabeth R.
Benson, Mary J.
Ben.son, Clementina
Campbell, Mary J.
Cook, Emma
Creasy, Alvaretta J,
Carr, Annie B.
Carr, Amanda R.
Combs, Hannah E.
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MOUNT JOY soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 237
Housework.
Home with mother.
Housework. Pittsburgh.
At home with mother.
Clerk.
At home with mother.
Married.
In school.
At home with mother.
5 Teaching. Graduate of
) Shippensburg S. N. S.
Married.
Housework.
Housework.
Mantuam&ker.
Housework.
Mantuamaker.
Teaching.
Mantuamaker.
AttengS.N.8.,8hJppen'g.
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Hontework.
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Chanoeford.
Lebanon.
Spruce Creek.
Spruce Creek.
Shirleysburg.
Danville.
Saxton.
Harrisburg
Fairmount, 111..
Danville
Fairmount, 111...
Fishing Creek.
Fishing Creek.
Bloomsburg
Wakefield
Wakefield
Wakefield.
Wakefield
Bloomsburg.
Benton.
Bloorasburg
We.1t Chester.
West Chester.
Mauhelm.
Lancaster.
Bainbridge
Balhbridge
Marietta
Reading
M.inayunk
lola
lola.
MarietU
Marietta
Marietta.
Catasauqna
Lan.llsville
Landisvllle.
Lan.llsville
LnndlsviUe
Sinking Springs.
Sinking Springs.
Harrisburg.
Middletown.
Middletown.
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Oct. 24. 1861
Sept. 30, 1863
Oct. 20, 1865
Aug. 10, 1861
Oct. 4. 1805
June 27, 1859
Sept. 7, 1861
Feb. 16, 1864
Oct. 25, 1859
May 3, 1861
Feb. 18, 1863
Feb. 6, 1860
May 31, 1862
Feb. 18, 1868
Dec. 23, 1861
Apr. 14, 1861
Aug. 7, 1857
Apr. 6, 1856
Dec. 7, 1856
Apr. 3, 1858
Nov. 26, 1862
Apr. 13, 1860
Feb. 9, 1858
Apr. 7, i860
Nov. 15, 1858
Dec. 7, 1863
Nov. 3, 1857
Mar. 9, 1861
Aug. 20, 1862
Apr. 18, 1855
Feb. 5, 1856
Sept. 30, 1856
Mar. 2, 1854
Sept. 21, 1852
May 12, 1855
Sept. 8, 1857
July 5, 18.56
Sept. 3, 1857
Aug. 8, 1855
Aug. 9, 1853
Nov. 23, 1860
Sept. 10, 18,58
.Sept. 30, 1859
Feb. 9. 1862
Nov. 2.1, 1857
July 5, 1859
M.'.r. 10, 1861
Aug. 26. 1857
Oct. 9. 18.55
Mar. 27, IftfiO
Nov. 23, 1857
Mar. 22, 1H59
Deo. 12, 1860
June 19, 1863
Deo. 16, 1859
Sharlock, Anna M.
Sultzbach, Mary E.
Styer, Sarah T.
Simmers, Sarah E.
Shaadt, Sarah
Shaadt, Gertrude
Shaadt, Rosa A.
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Schott, Maria L.
Sohott, Ella M.
Sneath. Lillie M.
Slack, Mary A.
Syling, R. Anna
Theis, Matilda F.
Taylor, Mary E.
'i'aylor, Lucy J.
Thomas, Ann E.
Thomas, Ella I.
Thomas. Sarah J.
Tollinger, Emily R.
Tollinger, Adrianna
Tollinger, Sarah A.
Tollinger, Mandeena
Townsend, Hannah K.
Titus, Phoebe E.
Thomas, Mary E.
Woodward, Rachel A.
Jf
Weidraan, Mary
Woodward, Emily 0.
Wild, Sarah J.
Warner. Annie M.
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Whitmoyer, Amelia 0.
Whitmovor, Ellen R.
Walton, "Susan J.
Welker, Anna
Welker, Fanny
Whitenight, Rachel E.
238
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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i
EMMAUS ORPHAN HOUSE,
HIS institution, located at Middletown, Dauphin county,
owes its existence to the benevolence of Mr. George Frey,
who was a native of Germany. Some time before his
death he willed his large estate to a Board of Trustees,
who were to establish with it an orphanage, and support it with the
revenues arising therefrom. In his will he gave minute directions
as to the kind of food, clothing, education, etc., which should be
afforded the orphans. He died on the thirteenth day of May, 1806,
at the age of seventy-four. During the year of his death he was
engaged in erecting a building for an orphan home, which was never
finished. Nothing was done until the year 1835, when measures
were taken to put up a building for orphans, which was completed
in 1837. This edifice occupied a central position in the town. Up
to 1840 but from two to five orphans were maintained by the estate.
In 1873 a new building was erected, beautifully situated upon an
eminence north of the town, and just outside of the borough line.
The heirs of the " Frey estate " have made repeated but unsuccess-
ful attempts to abrogate the will, which deprived them of so much
property.
Soldiers' orphans were, by a contract between Superintendent
Burrowes and the Trustees, first admitted into the institution May
6, 1865. Eleven were received during the first year. At the
end of 1866, thirty-one of this class were on the rolls of the asylum.
The number did not much exceed thirty in attendance at any one
time. Soldiers' orphans continued to be educated and maintained
here till the spring of 1869, when the State Superintendent trans-
ferred them to Mount Joy and other schools for soldiers' orphans.
239
240
PEXXA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
OS s
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EMMAUS ORPHAN HOUSE,
241
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16
DAYTON SCHOOL.
f^-^ I HIS institution is located in the town of Dayton, a village
m
containing about four hundred inhabitants, and occupying
a beautiful site in the extreme north-east part of the
county of Armstrong. The town is in the midst of a thrifty
agricultural community, and the people of both town and county are
noted for their morality, intelligence, and devotion to the cause of
education.
When it was first known, in the summer of 1866, that an orphan
school was needed somewhere in this or the adjoining counties, it was
very generally conceded that Dayton was the proper place for its
establishment. Her citizens, having been apprised of this fact,
promptly took the subject under consideration, and after holding
one or two meetings, and determining to engage in the enterprise,
deputed Rev. D. K. Duff to confer, in reference to the matter, with
Hon. Thomas H. Burro wes, then Superintendent of Soldiers* Orphans.
Dr. Burrowes, having been advised of the movement here, visited
the place, and, after making a verbal agreement with some of the
leading men for the opening of a school, selected the site on which
the buildings now stand. A company was then formed with a capi-
tal of $15,000, and was composed of twenty-two members ; namely,
Revs. D. K. Duff and T. M. Elder, Drs. William Hosack and J. R.
Crouch, and Messrs. Robert Marshall, Wesley Pontius, William R.
Hamilton, William Marshall, T. P. Ormond, Thomas H. Marshall,
Smith Neal, William Morrow, W. J. Burns, J. W. Marshall, Samuel
Good, J. H. Rupp, William Hindman, John Beck, Jacob Beck, John
Craig, David Ijawson, and David Byers.
Buildings were rented until more suitable accommodations could
be procured.
242
DAYTON SCHOOL. 243
During the fall of 1866 the company bought tliirty-five acres of
land, and immediately proceeded to the erection of buildings. Three
two-story houses were built, as may be seen by reference to the
engraving preceding this sketch. The first house, 72x24 feet in
size, was ready for use in the early part of the spring of 1867 ; the
second, 72x36 feet, was built during the summer and fall of the same
year ; and the third, 86x40 feet, was ready to be occupied by the
1st of September, 1868. These houses were all substantial frame
structures, well suited to their purpose, and, together, capable of
accommodating about two hundred and twenty-five children. In
December, 1873, two of these houses, the first and the last built, and
nearly all their contents, were destroyed by fire ; but were replaced
within six months by two others, one of which — the smaller — 'was
eight feet wider than the one it replaced ; while both were better and
more convenient than the former ones.
Rev. T. M. Elder was chosen Principal, and conducted the school
from its commencement till his resignation, which took effect on the
first day of September, 1871. The school opened, November 1,
1866, with sixty scholars, forty of whom were transfers from Phil-
lipsburg and North Sewickley State Orphan Schools. Up to the date
of Rev. Elder's resignation, the whole number of children admitted
into the school was three hundred and three. Of these, two had
died ; one had been transferred to another school ; seven had been
discharged by order of the Superintendent; ninety had been dis-
charged by reason of age ; and two hundred and three were still
members of the school, but six of them had been absent for some
time. The average number of children in attendance for this period
of time was one hundred and fifty-seven. The health of the children
was remarkably good, there being very few serious cases of sickness,
and no diseases except those incident to childhood, — such as measles,
whooping-cough, etc. The measles went through the school in the
spring of 1868, and directly or indirectly caused the two deaths
above referred to.
Rev. J. E. Dodds was chosen Principal, and entered upon the
duties of^ his position, September 1, 1871. By the next October,
the number of orphans had increased to two hundred and fopfey-
seven, — a greater number than could be properly taken care of with
the accommodations then provided ; but Mr. Dodds was in no way
blamable for this over-crowding of the school, the orders having been
issued, and the arrangements made for the admission of the addi-
244
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
tioual Dumber of children, before he took charge. Nor is the former
Principal responsible ; it was an oversight consequent on the change
of Principals. Through discharges, transfers, or otherwise, the
number gradually decreased, till, on the fifth day of January, 1872,
there were but one hundred and ninety scholars present. At
this date Rev. Dodds resigned, and Professor Hugh McCandless, the
present Principal, was chosen to take his place. From this time
to the present the health of the school has been good, there having
been but one death, and very little sickness of any kind, considering
the large number in attendance. The average number of pupils
during the last four years was two hundred and six. The whole
number of orphans received into the school from its commencement
to the present time was four hundred and ninety-nine. Of these,
three died; twenty-four were transferred to other schools; thirty-
eight were discharged by order of the Superintendent ; two hundred
and twenty-nine were discharged by reason of age — leaving now
two hundred and five still in school. From the opening of the school
to the present it has prospered far beyond the expectation of its sup-
porters, and has been steadily increasing in efficiency and in favor
with the people. None now openly oppose the system, and all have
encouraged and heartily supported the present Principal in his man-
agement of the school. The children who have gone out from the
school show, by their course in society, that the training received
here is at least as good a preparation for the duties of life as that
obtained elsewhere.
The following persons have been officially employed in this school
at various times since its organization, viz. :
]yir. J. P. Barber,
" G. W. Innes,
Miss T. E. Lindsay,
" H.A.Boyle,
" M. W. McConnell,
" E. G. Guthrie,
" M. E. McCandless,
" Emma Johnston,
" M. E. McCreery,
Mrs. M. A. Lockhart,
Mr. John Book,
Principal Teachers.*
Mr. W. McKirahan, | Mr. M. L. Thounhurst.
" A. T. Ormond,
Assistant Teachers.
Miss Jennie Gibson,
" W. A. Palmer,
" S. R. Meaner,
" M. Black,
" Ray Upperman,
" M. A. Walker,
" M. M. McCreery,
Mr. H. A. Teats,
" J. B. Powers,
Miss Martha Marshall,
" Jennie Marshall,
" P. Ma»shall,
" M. Simpson,
" Jennie Wasson,
" Emma Smith,
" Lizzie Kepple,
Mr. J. R. Wylie,
Miss Susie Frantz.
DAYTON SCHOOL.
245
Superintendents of Boys.
Mr. M. M. Elder, Mr. W. F. Byers, Mr. John Black,
" J. W. Kelly, " John Armstrong, " C. Everhart.
" E. Morrow, " W. P. Oberlin,
Miss M. Marshall,
" H. Rupp,
" Mattie White,
" Maggie English,
" Florida Goodhart,
" Mattie Fitzgerald,
Mattie Moreland,
Mrs. S. J. Stroup,
" Susan Myers,
" A. Lawson,
Employees.
Miss Lizzie McElhany,
" Hattie Sloan,
" Lizzie Stewart,
" M. M. Morrow,
" N.S.Morrow,
" M. Dill,
Mrs. Jennie Lawton,
" E. McCutcheon,
" A. Thounhurst,
" J. McElwee,
Miss Mary McConnell,
" Lydia Richards,
" Susan Olinger,
" Lizzie Walker,
" Jennie Martin,
Mrs. H. Gourley,
\' M. A. Weamer,
" Jane Work,
Miss M. Oliver.
246
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
a
U
<
Farming.
With his mother.
Farming.
Walnut itreet.
Works at blacksmithing.
C Attending Kdinboro'
I State Normal School.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Red Bk Furn'oe.
Gilpiu.
Gilpin.
Gilpin.
Gilpin.
Craigville.
Craigville.
Smitten.
.Sootoh Hill.
Brookville.
Marchaud.
Marcliaud
Clarksburg.
Tuniielion.
Brush Valley.
Brookville
Reyuoldsville.
Marchand
Brookville.
Brookville.
Hudson.
New Bethlehem.
Marohand.
Brookville.
Kimersburg.
Marchand.
Marchand.
Brady's Bend.
Alleghenv. No.29
Callenshurg.
Manorville.
Rural Valley.
Brady's Bend.
Manorville.
MiteheU'R Mills.
Putnevville.
Puinp'vville.
Pittsburgh.
BrockwHyville.
Cowansville.
Cowansville
Revnolrtsville.
Reynoldsvllle.
Revnoldsville.
Revnolrtsville.
Blairsville.
Blanket Hill....
Blanket Hill.
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Apr. 1, 1875
Dec. 6. 1874
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Mar. 12, 1871
Oct. 8, 1874
July 21, 1874
"Apr.'io, "1873'
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Oct. -22, 1868
-»QO-»»ao!^---j£"-^-j~;-l5'^''g;lN«flO-oo-oo-xoo-oo--^^^
Date of
BiBTH.
Apr. 1. 1859
June 6, 1860
Nov. 3, 1861
Nov. 3, 1862
Jan. 11, 1859
May 21, 1861
Nov. 1. 1862
Mar. 12, 1853
May 21, 1856
Feb. 12, 1853
Mar. '27, 1857
Dec. -25. 1855
Mar. 12, 1855
Oct. 8, 1858
July 21, 1858
July -29, 1859
Apr. 20, 1857
Jan. 1, 1862
Jan. 8, 1858
Mar. 8, 1859
May 10, 1862
Mar. 19, 1858
July 11, 1861
Feb. 14, 1863
July 11, 1862
July 14. 1859
Nov. 19, 1861
Nov. 27, 1858
Feb. 22, 1861
Nov. 29, 1861
Nov. 15, 1860
Mav 21, 1863
Nov. 19, 1860
Nov. 14. 1862
May 28. 1865
Aug. 14, 1858
Feb. 9. 1863
July 23, 1866
Oct. 21, 1864
Aug. '26, la-iS
Mar. 22, 1855
June '22, 1852
Mar. 28, 18.'i6
Apr. '23, 1858
July 10, 1860
Mar. 3, 1854
May 9, 1856
Jan. 15, 1859
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Barr, Robert
Brown, James E.
Brown, Jacob S.
Bailey, Rolaud A.
Bush, William C.
Bradv, Evans R.
Burn*. Elmer E.
Burns. Robert N.
Bnms, Lorenzo
Bowers, John L.
Bailey, John L.
Brady, William P.
Bailey, Miles M.
Bretrster, James L
Bush, Philip
Burford, .Samuel A.
Bail, George W.
Burns, James
Bumham, Harry J.
Burket, John E.
Byers, John S.
Bumham, David S.
Barbour, Franklin
Brown, James F.
Burns. George O.
Briggs, Frank
Cowan, James P.
Cowan. William T.
Carl, Henry L.
Carl, Jasper A.
Carl, Isaac Newtoa
4i
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DAYTON SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOL.
247
Farming.
Farmiug.
Farming.
•
Panning.
Died Jan. 30, ISTi.
Kerr's Store.
Mahouing
Sprankle's Mills.
Rlmersburg.
Blanket Hill.
Brady's Bend.
Brady's Bend.
Red Bk Furn'oe
W'nitesburg.
kittanning.
Kittanning.
Dtah.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Helen Furnace..
Smicksburg.
Brady.
Hillside.
Callensburg.
Clarion.
Clarion.
Orrsville.
Orrsville.
Shannondale.
'unxsutawney.
Punxsutawney.
Puiixsuuwney.
Willet.
Wlllet.
Willet.
CurlUville.
Armagh.
Sprankle'i IfUU.
Davton.
Adrian.
Blanket HIil....
Blanket Hill....
Elderton.
Milton.
Orrsville.
Kbenozer.
Frost burg.
Brush Valley.
Homer City.
Worthville.
Worthville.
Helen Furn«c«.
Pho-nix.
Brush Valley.
Homer City.
Frostburg.
Brush Valley.
Davtnn.
Phixntx.
Butler.
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Campbell, John L.
Cessna, John S.
Cochrane, Andrew
Carson, WiUard H.
Cravener, John M.
Crozier, Samuel
Craig, William T. A.
Craig, John W.
Coder, Henrv L.
Coder, John'A.
Donahey, Thomas N.
Davis, John E.
Davis, William
Dolby, William L.
Davis, Peter E.
Doty, Daniel "W.
Drunimond, James W.
Eschelbereer. John
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Early, James H.
Edder, Norris C.
Fairbanks, George W.
Fairbanks, Elmer E.
Fairbanks. William W.
Fisher, Tobias
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PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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DAYTON soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL
249
Farming.
Farming.
Farming
Farmiug.
With hli mother.
(Attended Edinboro'
.? State Normal School
{ one year.
( Discharged on age, nn-
^ der pro vision 8 of an act
( approved May 37, 1870.
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June 7, 1868
Aug. «, 1870
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Long, Lyman L.
Latimer, James E.
Latimer, Joseph I.
Latimer, William E.
Law, Carl Clayton
Lowry, John R.
Little, Edwin T.
Lloyd, Richard
Morrison, W. Ambrose
Morrison, Samuel S.
Morrison, Milton
Mathers, William H. A.
Mathers, Samuel I.
Mathers, Hugh H.
Mathers, John R.
Meade, Wesley
Meade, George H.
McCormick, Thomas J.
McKelvy, Charles
MoKelvy, Jacob
McKelvv, James
McKelv>, George
Myers, James S.
Myers, John M.
McLaughlin, John A.
McLaughlin, Thomas
Martin, William R.
Martin, William L.
Martin, Henry J.
Mortimer, Martin E.
Morrow. Georire S.
Morrow, John A.
McCutcheon, Roberto,
McClain, Charles O.
McMillen, Henry
Metcalf, Frank E.
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DAYTON SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL,
261
5Re.admitted to this
I School Sept. 16, 1875.
With her mother.
With her mother.
At domestic servioe.
With her mother
With her mother.
Married to Chris. Smith.
C Attending Indiana St'e
I Normal School.
With her mother.
With her mother.
With her mother.
Porterfleld
Knoxdale.
Putneyville.
Putueyville.
Echo,
Rimersburg.
Corsica'.
Wall Rose.
ShoffnersCor's.
Leechburg.
Oliveburg.
Olivet.
Brady's Bend.
Fi.sher.
Horton.
Plumville.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Elderton.
Elderton.
Kittanuing.
Tannery.
Rochester Mills.
Elizabeth.
Fo.ster's Mills.
New Bethlehem.
Kittnnning.
Punxsutawney.
PuQxsuuwuey.
Red Bk Fnrn'ce.
Red B'k Furuce,
a =
11
Brookville.
Marchand
Putneyville
Rural Valley.
Davton
Kittanning
Kittnnning
Brookville.
Reynoldsville.
Dayton.
Brookville.
New Bethlehem.
Marchand
Putnevville.
FroRtburif.
Marchand.
Adamn.
Brady's Bend.
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Feb. 2, 1870
Mar, 6, 1871
Dec. 14. 1870
Nov. 26, 1H69
June 12, 1875
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Apr. 6, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
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Apr. 2, 1860
Feb. 20, 1859
Sept. 7, 1862
Deo. 12, 1860
Nov. 9, 1863
June 13, 1862
Mar. 27, 1859
Apr. 26, 1862
Dec, 25, 1860
Oct. 27. 1861
Dec. 12, 1864
Jan. 16, 1860
Feb. 27, 1862
Apr. 12, 1855
Mar. 24. 1861
Apr. 8, 1856
Oct. 6, 1854
Apr. 24, 1856
July 3, 1860
Nov. 14, 1857
Apr. 29. 1854
Mav 29, 1858
Aug. 16, 1858
Apr. 11, 1862
Mav 25. 1859
Feb. 17, 1H60
Feb. 25, 1861
Dec. 25, 1861
June 3, 1858
Sept. 11, 1861
Mar. 28, 1859
Sept. SO, 1853
May 2, 1857
Nov. 3, 1856
May 4, 1860
Feb. 18, 1856
Feb, 2, 1854
Mar. 6, 1855
Deo. 14, 1854
Nov. 26, 1853
June 12, iai9
June 16, 18.58
Nov, 5. 1859
Mar. 16, 1861
Dec. 10, 1860
July 2, 1861
Oct. 6, 1860
Oct. 7, 1859
Mar. 12, 18,59
July 18, 1860
Oct. 1, 1860
Mar. 2, 1864
Feb. 17, 1862
Jan. 21, 1862
lilt
OCtCCOOQO
Slogeuhaupt, Wm. K.
Snyder, Charles
Snyder, Henry
Scott, Robert Mo
Scheckler, Oeorge
Stitt. William J.
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253
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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DAYTO^^ SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL.
255
Married to Philip Boyd.
{Attended Edinboro' S.
J N. S. one year.
Married to P. Wingard.
Married to H. Wiugard.
Married to D. Ruth.
With her mother.
(Living in a private
With her mother.
With her mother.
With her mother.
With her mother.
i
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Putneyville.
Chanibersville...
Shoffner'sCor's..
Shoffuer'8 Cor's..
Shoffner's Cor's.
Shadegee.
PunxsutHwney..
Bradv's Bend.
R.irn'.ii<lH
Johnstown.
Echo.
Ringgold
Sprenkle'sMiUa.
Ringgold.
Ringgold.
Brady's Bend.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Slioffner's Cor's.
Parker City.
Leecliburg.
New Bethlehem.
Froslhurg.
Kichardsville.
Franklin.
Franklin.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Brookville.
Brookville
Brookville
Fosters Mllli..
Rochester's Mills
Plum vine
St. Petersburg.
Kittanning.
Punx:iuuwaey.
i
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Dec. 6, 1874
Mar. 11, 1872
May 14, 1869
Mar. '26, 1870
Julv 15, 1871
Jul^r 9, 1875
Sept. 4, 1870
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July 27. 1867
Apr. 25, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Aug. 16, 1867
Mar. 9, 1868
Mar. 9, 1868
Mar. 9. 1868
May 22, 1868
July 1, 1868
Nov. 2, 1868
I^P-r
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 2, 1873
Sept. '2, 1873
Oct. 28, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1. 1873
Sept. 18, 1874
Dec. 2, 1874
May 3, 1875
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, l»i8
Sept. 2, 1873
Jan. 4, 1869
Jan. 4, 1869
Jan. 4, 1869
Oct. 31. 1866
Oct. 31, 1866
May 29, 1875
Jan. 14, 1873
Apr. -28, 1873
Jan. 5, 1875
July 20, 1869
Feb. 21, 1871
May 9, 1854
Apr. 10, 1853
Mar. 29, 186;i
Dec. 6, 1858
Mar. 11, 1856
May 14, 1853
Mar. 26, 1854
July 15, 1855
July 9, 1859
Sept. 4, 1854
May 6, 1860
Nov. 4, 1857
Sept. 4, 1860
May 5, 1862
Apr. 12, 1857
Jau. 12, 1862
Sept. 5, 1858
Feb. 9, 1861
May 22, 1861
Oct. 27, 1863
Oct. 10, 1861
Jan. 25, 1860
Apr. 22, 1860
S^b. 14, 1861
Nov. 6, 1861
Sept. 18, 1862
Aug. 15. 1861
Feb. 5, 1858
May 5, 1860
Apr. 7, 1862
May 5, 1854
Mar. 10, 1856
June 3, ia58
Aug. 28, 18.53
July 12, 18.56
Jan. 24, 1863
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ORANGEVILLE SCHOOL.
UST below the far-famed Wyoming Valley, the mountain
which forms its western boundary is suddenly parted, and,
through the opening gorge, flows into the Susquehanna
the Nanticoke Creek. Thence south-south-west runs the
mountain thirty miles further, broken only by Shickshinny Creek,
and forms the western wall of the North Susquehanna Valley.
Here its path is crossed by Fishing Creek, and its termination is so
abrupt as to have suggested its name, " Knob Mountain."
Quietly nestled in a recess at the base of this knob, and shielded
by it from both northern and western blasts, is the village in which,
January 2, 1865, was started one of the first of the soldiers' orphan
schools of Pennsylvania.
Five years before had the citizens of Orangeville completed the
beautiful structure that crowns the hill, which, from below the knob,
overlooks the village, and during this time had their school been in
Buccessful operation ; first, as an academy one year under Professor
J. A. Shank ; then, four years as a normal school under Professor
H. D. Walker. During the year 1865, its name and purpose re-
mained unchanged, and the orphans who were received into it became
members of its preparatory and model classes. In 1866, its name
was changed, and for the next two years it was known as the Orange-
ville Soldiers' Orphan School.
Ita History commenced January 2, 1865, and closed May 31,
1868.
The year 1865 was one of trial and labor to the Principal, —
a large projwrtion of the orphans admitted coming from homes
of great destitution. Mothers who were able to support their
25G
ORANGEVILLE SCHOOL.
257
children were unwilling to send them to the orphan schools, which
were, at that early period of their history, falsely regarded by them
as charitable institutions. To clothe and otherwise prepare these
children so that they might be presentable in the school-room, and
to reform their habits, unfoW their minds, and cultivate their hearts
was no play-day task.
During this year, also, there was no home into which the orphans
could be gathered. Boarding-houses had to be extemporized. A
hotel was hired and filled. The citizens opened their doors, and
received the homeless ones into their families. Not less than a half
score of soldiers' widows hired rooms in the village, and were per-
mitted to board their own children, and in some instances the chil-
dren of others. But this irregularity was not long permitted to con-
tinue. In September of said year, Superintendent Burrowes, while
on a visit to the school, announced that, at the earliest possible day,
a home must be provided sufficiently large to accommodate all the
orphans. After his return to Lancaster, he wrote more definitely,
insisting that the necessary buildings should l)e erected at once, and
made ready for occupancy as soon as April, 1806.
Accordingly, in October, the foundations were laid of what was
subsequently known as the '* Orphans' Home ;" and in April follow-
ing, the buildings were finished, furnished, and occupied. Of these
buildings — planned, built, and furnished by Professor Walker — Dr.
Burrowes and his Inspector, Colonel W. L. Bear, made a careful and
minute examination in May; at the close of which, the Superin-
tendent, in the presence of the Inspector and others, said : " I have
visited the orphan schools of Pennsylvania, and of many other
States, but I have never been in a 'home' which, in my opinion,
combines so many comforts and advantages as this."
The year from April, 1866, to April, 1867, was one of renewed
activity and marked success. Prominent among the objects of aim in
the education of the orphan wards of the State was the formation of
proper habits; such as cleanliness, order, industry, obedienco, and
truthfulness. It was the constant effort of Professor Walker to
inspire his pupils with noble thoughts and purposes, and to make
them feel that, while striving to do right and to be good, God was
by their side to aid them and make them happy ; and that by doing
wrong, they would degrade themselves, sin against God, and could
never be truly prosperous or happy.
The organization of the school was as perfect as, in the nature of
17
258
the case and the limited period of its existence, was possible. A
complete course of study was arranged, and a succession of classes
formed, beginning wiLli the elements of knowledge, and rising to the
highest point reached by the foremost pupils.
The school year was divided into sessions, and the amount of study
to be accomplished in each, definitely fixed. Each orphan, on enter-
ing the school, was carefully examined, and placed in the class whose
studies he was fitted to pursue. The curriculum of study embraced
all the branches needed to prepare the student for the pursuits of
business, or the duties of the teacher. The teaching was thorough,
systematic, and practical ; and pupils were promoted from class to
class on the ground of scholarship, and not of age or time.
In November, 1866, Dr. Burrowes again visited the school in com-
pany with his Inspectors, Messrs. Bear and Kow ; and, after a two
days' examination of the school and home, of the sleeping-rooms and
beds, the working departments and the clothing, and of the persons
and sanitary condition of the orphans, pronounced the school as
being in all respects, and without any disparity of others, " the best
soldiers' orphan school in the State ; " and this result of their visit
was reported by the local press, and in the Pennsylvania School Jour-
nal, Before the time for another inspection. Dr. Burrowes retired
from the Superin tendency, and was succeeded by Colonel George F.
McFarland.
During the years 1867 and 1868, the Orangeville School was
visited almost from week to week by teachers, physicians, lawyers,
and ministers of the gospel ; and their testimony as to its superior
sanitary condition, the perfection of its arrangements, both in the
literary and working departments, and the good order and high
scholarship of its members, was unequivocal and uniform.
Such is a brief sketch of the Orangeville Soldiers' Orphan School.
Its history closed with the removal of the orphans. May 31, 1868 ;
and among the unfoldings of the "final judgment" will be a com-
plete revelation of its influences and results.
The teachers and employees who served during its existence were
as follows, viz. :
Principal and Proprietor.
Prof. H. D. Walker, A. M.
Physicians.
Jacob Schuyler, M. D., J. B. Case, M. D.,
0. A. McGargell, M. D.
ORANGEVILLE SCHOOL.
259
First Assistant Teachers.
Prof. C. W. Walker,
Mr. C. C. Hughes,
" M. E. Walker,
Miss Kate Patterson,
" Effie Vance,
" S. E. Patterson.
Miss M. S. Eves,
" L. E.Walker.
Teachers of Music and Drawing.
Miss M. E. Rogers, Miss E. F. Browning, Miss N. C. Turner.
Matrons.
Mrs. C. Walker, Mrs. L. Blake, Miss P. Snyder.
Seamstresses.
Miss P. Snyder, Miss R. A. Hampton.
Farmers.
Mr. Wm. Patterson, Mr. H. B. Walker.
Gardener.
Mr. S. B. Appleman.
Carpenters.
Mr. Benjamin Wertman, Mr. A. B. Herring.
2G0
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Heddings, Chas. R.
Higgings, Thos. B.
Hilbert, Wellington F.
Hilbert, Henry 0.
Hoyt, L. LifflngweU
Hoyt, Samuel E.
Hull, Charles C.
Hunt, William M.
Huntingdon, Jas. B.
Jarrett, William H.
Jarrett, Isaac P.
Johnston, Fuller
Kauf, William V.
Kauf, Jacob M.
Keefer, John
Kembell, Peter
Kibbee, Marlon A.
Kibbee, James H.
King, George W.
Kline, Charles P.
Kline, Cyrus B.
Logan, Samuel
Lyman, George B.
McAfee, Thomas
McAmley, Willis W.
McCann, Orange L.
MoGonnell, William
McLean, George
McLean, James
Miles. John N.
Miles, Erastus M.
Miles, George
Miller, John Jacob
MiLsom, William J.
Mordan,. Simeon
Nickel. Jofin
Nickel, Joseph
Newberry, Grant
Pyers, Franklin C.
Ray, Charles E.
Renn. Samuel R.
Reicheldlffer, James L.
Ribble, Eugene H.
Richards, Harvey C.
Rishel, James P.
Rishel, John C. P.
Rogers, Adelbert
Sanders, Clarence W.
Sanders, Michael E.
Saxton, Millard F.
Scott. Joseph E.
Smith, Chas. E.
Smith, Frank
262
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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HARFORD SCHOOL,
HIS institution is located at Harford, Susquehanna county,
six miles from Montrose Station, on the Delaware, Lacka-
wanna, and Western Railroad. Its location is an elevated
one, being on a spur of the Blue Ridge. The water and
air are pure, and the climate cool and healthy.
The " Harford University " was formerly located here. This was
a select classical school, established in 1817, and for many years con-
ducted by Professor Lyman Richardson. These buildings and an
adjoining farm of one hundred and twenty-five acres were, in the
autumn of 1865, purchased by Professor Chas. W. Deans, on the
recommendation of the then Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans,
Hon. Thos. H. Burro wes, for a soldiers' orphan school. The old
buildings were repaired and remodelled and additional ones erected.
The school was opened on the 7th of November, 1865, Mr. Deans
being Principal, which position he retained until March, 1868, when
Professor Henry S. Sweet took charge, and has remained in control
ever since, with the exception of the year 1873, during which Dr.
H. N. Pennepacker had supervision of the institution.
Eighteen children were in attendance at the opening of the school,
but enough were admitted to raise the number to one hundred before
the year closed. Additions were frequent, and the school constantly
increased until the year 1871, when the maximum number was
reached, there being then one hundred and seventy-four in attend-
ance. Since that time the school has slowly decreased. There are
at present one hundred and sixty-three on the roll.
During the first year the school was fully organized. Competent
persons were procured to superintend the various industrial de-
partments. Lessons were given to the girls in the various domestic
duties, as well as in the use of the needle and sewing-machine ; and
the boys were taught how to do " chores " and to work on the farm.
265
266 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
Habits of industry were thus formed, and that degree of skill
acquired, which has enabled many of the orphans, on leaving school
at sixteen years of age, to secure good positions.
The system of making work-details being observed, no child has
been robbed of his or her opportunities for study. A full and
experienced corps of teachers have been employed, and the school
properly graded according to the proficiency of the pupils. All the
common and higher English branches have been thoroughly taught,
and occasionally lessons in the ancient languages have been imparted.
Especial attention has been given to those desiring to become teach-
ers, and many are offered schools immediately after leaving the
orphan school, and have proved themselves competent. Five, accept-
ing the gratuity of the State, have received a. normal school training;
and permission has been granted by the State Superintendent to
several others who will soon accept of the privilege so generously
provided. Quite a number have remained at the school after becom-
ing sixteen, being supported by friends or by their own labor, while
others have continued their studies at other institutions than the
normal schools. Vocal music has not been neglected, there being
daily practice, and weekly instruction in the art of reading music.
Lessons are also given, to those who desire it, in instrumental music.
Drill in military tactics has, for a number of yeai-s, been required
daily when the weather was favorable — company movements being
understood by the boys.
Religious observances and instruction have formed an interesting
feature of the school since its origin. The pupils have, at all periods
of its history, been required to repair to the main school-room at
eight o'clock in the morning and at seven in the evening for devo-
tional exercises, which have often been interspersed with short lec-
tures on manners and morals. Religious services have been con-
ducted at the school alternately by ministers of the various religious
denominations residing in the vicinity. On Sundays, all the pupils
liave regularly attended Sunday-school, which is conducted by the
Principal, assisted by the teachers and various employees.
From 1871 to 1874 the boarding department was conducted sepa-
rately by Mr. Chas. S. Hallstead. This was transferred, at the latter
date, to Mr. A. J. Seamans, who still boards the school.
The sanitary condition of the school has always been excellent.
During the year 1871, however, typhoid fever prevailing in the
vicinity, the orphans did not escape the epidemic. Five cases proved
fatal. Besides these there has been one sudden death, one from
HARFORD SCHOOL.
267
erysipelas, one from diphtheria, and two from dropsy. No serious
accident has ever befallen any of the pupils. The school has passed
through the ordinary diseases of childhood without any fatal results.
A physician has at all times been employed. A hospital is connected
with the institution under the charge of an excellent nurse, but it
has been vacant the greater part of the time.
We give herewith a list of persons officially connected with the
school since its organization.
Teachebs.
Mrs. Hellen Follett,
Miss Sarah Beebe,
" M. I. Gillitte,
" Addie Carpenter,
" Anna Eastman,
Mr. Robert McAlpin,
Miss H. A. Williams,
" Alice Welsh,
" Kate Gould,
" Esther M. Orvis,
" E. P. Gamble,
Mrs. Emma Redfield,
Mr. Chas. E. Harris,
" Payson Brewster,
" Silas Belles,
" Frederick Miller,
" Myron Kasson.
Mrs. S. Sterling,
*•' Emma Redfield,
Miss Ida Crandall,
" Lizzie Beebe,
Mrs. Sarah Stevens,
" Adeline Brewster,
Mrs. Welsh,
" Sarah Tewk^ury,
Matrons.
Mrs. Mary Crandall,
" Hellen Stroupe,
Assistant Matrons.
Miss Alpha Reynolds,
" Jennie Morgan,
" Lillie Tifiany,
Seamstresses.
Miss Sarah Gelatt,
" Mary Brainard,
Nurses.
Miss Snowden,
Mrs. M. A. Wilber,
Mrs. H. S. Sweet,
Miss G. Williams.
Miss Isadore Carpenter,
" Alice Tucker.
Miss Laura Pierson,
Mrs. Corey E. Burgess.
Mrs. Sarah Rehrig,
" L. A. Miller.
Superintendent of Boys.
Mr. Henry Deans, I Mr. Geo. Johnson, I Mr. William Jones.
" S. C. Halsted, | Mr. William Sweet,
Stewards.
Mr. Charles S. Hallstead,
Farmers.
Mr. Theran Palmer,
" Jasper Lewis, *
Teamsters.
Mr. Lyman Ward, Mr. John Gavitt,
Mr. A. J. Seamans.
Mr. Horace Sweet,
" Henry A. Brainard.
Mr. Edgar Farrar,
268
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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HARFORD SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL.
269
Painter.
Teamster.
Farmer.
Died Jan. 23, 1871.
At school at Harford.
Engineer.
Blacksmith.
Teamster.
Sawver.
Sawder.
Braken. D.L.&W.B.E.
Butcher.
Miner.
Fanner.
Laborer.
Died Nov. 3, 1874.
Farming.
Died May 20, 1870.
Gone to Michigan.
Miner.
Died Jan. 23, 1871.
Miner.
Stage. driver.
Farming.
Wheelwright.
Currier.
Currier.
Laborer.
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Farming.
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Baker.
Blacksmith.
Sash factory.
Carpenter.
Miner.
Died Dec. — , 1874.
Teamster.
Clerk.
Farmer.
Clerk.
Blacksmith.
Clerk.
Farmer.
Clerk.
Clerk.
U. S. Service.
Rowland.
Rowland.
Sugar Run.
Olvphant.
Olyphant.
Green Uiore.
Forkston.
Terry town.
Sunar Run.
Damascus.
Sjlvania.
Old Forge.
Plymouth.
Duiidaff.
Forkston.
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Oct. 10, 1873
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Jan. 22, 1871
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
REMARKa
Died April 1st, 1875.
Telegraph operator.
Pirem'nonD.L.&W.B.R.
Farmer.
<; Attended Mansfield S.
I Nor. School one year.
Farmer.
doTy.
Farming.
Engineer on D. & H.B.B.
Miner.
Killed in coal-mines.
Teacher.
Miner.
Farmer.
Brakeman.
an CO., N. Y.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
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Jan. 29, 1875
Feb. 13, 1875
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Dec. 1, 1868
Oct. 10, 1870
Sept. 1, 1868
Mar. 10, 1873
Mar. 10, 1873
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
May I, 1871
May 1, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 1, 1873
Oct. 10, 1873
Mar. 17. 1874
Mar. 16, 1875
Mar. 16, 1875
Mar. 1, 1875
Nov. 22, 1873
Nov. 14, 1865
-Mar. 1, 1866
Sept. 2», 1866
Mar. 24, 1866
Sept. 9. 1875
Sept. 20, 1866
Oct. 16, 1869
June 1, 1871
Junel, 1871
Apr. 25, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
June 2, 1875
Nov. 29, 1866
Nov. 29, IS66
Mar. 24, 1869
Sept. 8, 1871
Feb. 19, 1866
June 16, 1866
Nov. 27, 1867
Sept. 10, 1867
Feb. 27, 1868
Sept. 6, 1869
Oct. 7, 1869
Feb. 23, 1870
Apr. 24. 1874
Sept. 8, 1874
Sept. 16. 1873
May 4, 1874
.Sept. 1, 1874
Feb. 26, 1866
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Slaasbnrv. E. Truck
Smith, Charles E.
Smith, Miles
Soon. John
Stark. Charles 0.
Steams, (.eorge W.
Sttirgis. William H.
Stewart. William P.
Stereas, CurtisE.
Swank, James A.
Sayer, Mathias H.
Sayer, Arthur B.
Swarts. Kd. E.
Shamway, Elmer
Tavlor. James R.
Townsend, Alvah
Townsend, Firman
Tewksbury. Auson L.
Tinsman. Eddie
Tewksbury, Albert
Tiffany, Philip B.
Thomas. Charles S.
Thomas, Francis D.
Thomas. Albert
Thomas, Evan E.
Thomas, Oscar
Utter, Thomas
Utter. William
Upright, Raynsford
Upright. William S.
Vandermark, Peter
Vanduzer, Jacob S.
Vani.arsdale, Marion
Vannauker. George N.
Vannauker, A. H.
Vergason, Lemon N.
Van Hosen, Henry
Van Oorder. Klisha
Van Gorder, Frank
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273
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Feb. 2. 1868
Jan. 14, 1871
Dec. 2. 1872
Aug. 22, 1868
Dec. 28. 1871
Apr. 13, 1872
Apr. 13, 1872
Oct. 26, 1867
'Sept! 13,1869*
July 17, 1871
Sept. 9, 1873
Sept. 25, 1868
June 20, 1872
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July 23, 1867
Nov. 26, 1870
Aug. 8. 1872
Aug. 22. 1868
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274
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
with her mother.
Married Wm. Freese.
■i Attending Bloomsburg
Married Lee Tiflkny,
Marriod A. Conklin.
Died Aug. -, 1873.
At domestic service.
Married Chas. Sharp.
Dressmaker.
Married.
With her mother.
■( Attending Bloomsburg
I S. n. S.
Married Seth Brown.
Married Chas. Snover.
Married Mr. Ely.
Marr'd Theo. Richardson.
■{ Attending Bloomsburg
I S. N. S.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
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Nicholson.
Nescopec.
Carbondnle.
Scottsville.
Nescopec.
Cleveland, Ohio.
Montrose.
Harford
Glenwood.
Foster.
Dimock
Sterlingsville...
llerrick Centre..
Foster.
Lawsville Centre
Uniondale.
Unionville.
Green Grove.
Damascus.
East Spring Hill.
East Lemon
East Lemon
Pittston
Stroudsburg.
Union
East Lemon
Foster.
Russell Hill.
Bowman's Creek.
Hunlock's Creek.
Bald Mount
Daleville.
Daleville.
Brooklyn
Harford
Dundaff
Troy.
FaotoryviUe.
Stroudsburg.
Stroudsburg.
Stroudsburg.
Brookdals.
Moscow.
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Mar. 19, 1872
Apr. 11, 1869
Apr. 22, 1867
Apr. 24, 1872
Nov. 18, 1868
Jan. 17, 1871
Apr. 8, 1872
V ;
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July 30, 1870
Sept. 12, 1872
July '25, 1871
July 16, 1875
Apr. 9. 1869
May 10, 1876
Jan. 5, 1874
Mar. 10, 1876
Jan.'l2,'i869"
Oct. 22, 1869
Dec. 6, 1874
Jan. 4, 1870
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Date of
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
June 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 18(59
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Jan. 1, 1867
June 4, 1870
Sept. 8, 1871
May 31, 1871
Sept. 3, 1875
Nov. 10, 1865
Dec. 10, 1865
Feb. 19, lh.66
Jan. 12. 1866
Sept. 15, 1866
Sept. 3, 1867
Sept. 3, 1867
Jan. 27, 1871
June 1, 1870
Dec. 1. 1870
June 29, 1871
Dec. 1, 1871
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 8, 1875
Jan. 4, 1876
Feb. 16, 1866
Feb. 16, 1866
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Mar. I, 1868
Sept. 1. 1870
Deo. 21, 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
Feb. 13, 1866
Feb. 21, 1871
Apr. 27, 1871
Mar. 16, 1875
Mar. 16, 1875
Nov. 28, 1865
Sept. 15, 1866
Sept. 15, 1866
June 1, 1868
Dec. 29, 1871
June 19, 1872
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
May 12, 1866
Feb. 2. 1866
i||ii|ii|iiiiiiiii|iiiigiiiiiiii|isi§iiiiiiiiii|i
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Cooley, Adelia
Coolev. Caroline D.
Churchill, Ellen M.
Crandall. Minnie B.
Crandall, Laura L.
Churchill, Angeline
Churchill, Harriet R.
Collins, Carrie C.
Conklin. Maad A.
Culver, Margaret C.
Dickens, Sarah E.
Dickens, Eolla M.
Delbler, Elizabeth
Decker, Anna
Deuel, Grace
Dickens, Emily
Davidson, Susan E.
Davis, Mary L.
Evans, Frances L.
Easby, Anna
Finkley, Anna E.
Fry, Ifary
Fry, Ella
Gavitt, Sarah E.
Goodrich, Harriet
Goodrich, Fanny B.
Gilmer, Floretta J.
Gardner, Waty
Goble, Flora
Groaner, Esther A.
Groaner, Eva J.
Harris, Adelia P.
Hoyt, Mary B.
n
HARFORD soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL.
275
Married George Gordon.
With ber mother.
Died April 14, 1875.
Married.
Mard Mr. Hendershot.
With her mother.
Married Chas. Ashley.
At domestic service.
■I Attending Bloomaborg
I 8. N. 8.
With her mother.
At domesUc service.
Married A. C.Douglass.
At domestic seriice.
With her mother.
Married.
Married F.lbert Oelatt.
Married Kdward Dolph.
At domestic service.
^ Attended Mansfield S.
V N. S. one year.
Attend Mansfield S.N.S.
Married Peter Shay.
With her mother.
At domestic service.
■( Attending Bloomsburg
1 S.N.S.
its
III
Carbondale.
Carbondale.
Dundaff.
Beaver Brook.
Wilkes barre.
Beaver Brook.
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Forkston.
Forkston.
Hunlock's Creek.
Forkston
Forkston
Delhi, Iowa
Favidale
Thompson
Olyphant
Scranton.
Scranton.
Tnnkhannock.
Berwick.
New Miirord.
Olyphant.
Soott.
Scott.
K. Spring Hill.
K. Spring Hill.
Terrytown.
Forkston.
Forkston.
Montrose
.Mansfield
Jenningsrille.
Mansfield
Hnnkins.
Fairdale
Nicholson
.Montrose
Nicholson
Pitiston.
Plymouth.
Plymouth.
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July 14. 1870
May 26. 1868
Dec. 14, 1870
Dec. 21, 1867
Dec. 5, 1868
Sept. 28. 1871
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Feb. 2. 1866
Feb. 20. 1871
Nov. 22, 1869
Jan. 9, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
May 7, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Jan. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1873
Nov. 1, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3. 1866
Oct. 9, 1867
June 1, 1868
(.)ct. 7, 1869
Sept. 13. 1867
Oct. 10, 1869
Sept. 21, 1868
Nov. 10, 1865
Jan. 2, 1872
Sept. 20, 1875
Nov. 21. 1875
Nov. 24. 1875
Sept. 20, 1865
Nov. 13, 1866
Nov. 16, 1865
Nov. 9, 1865
Nov. 27, 1865
Mav 22, 1866
Jh6. 15, 1H67
June 25, 1866
June 25, 1H66
Sept. 12, 1866
Sept. 14, 1868
Sept. 1, 1873
Oct. 16, 1871
June 10, 1875
June 10, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 1, 1875
Sept. 13, 1875
Oct. 7, 1873
Nov. 23, 1865
May 5, 1866
Sept. 23, 1S63
May 5. 1866
Sept. 1, 1874
Nov. 7, 1865
Jan. 16, 1871
Oct. 14, 1871
Jan. 16, 1871
Sept. 20. 1866
June 1, 1870
June 1, 1870
Nov. 29, 1854
Sept. 8, 1855
June 24, 1858
Mar. 20, 1861
Apr. 16,1863
Dec. 12, 1859
Oct. 24, 1859
Aug. 13, 1862
Dec, 19. 1862
May 25. 18<)1
A pr. 2, 1862
Dec. 27, 1859
Apr. 1, 1854
Aug. 3, 1853
Jan. 13, 1857
Mar. 4, 1861
Jan. 8, 1854
Mar. 29, 1857
Jan. 21, 1860
May 19, 1856
Sept. 2, 1862
Dec. 16, 1860
Nov. 4, 1861
Dec. 17, 1863
Sept. 13, 1857
Feb. 27, 1852
Sept. 8, 1856
July 14, 18.H
May 26, 1852
Deo. 14, 1851
Dec. 21, 1851
Dec. 5, 1852
Sept. 28, 1855
Apr. 13, 1854
June 29, 18.i5
Mar. 22, 18<il
June 26, 1861
Sept. 24, 1868
Jan. 27, 1871
Oct. 13, 1860
Aug. 3, 1864
Feb. 4, 1867
Apr. 20, 1862
Dec. 23, 1862
Oct. 30, 1855
ill
eo. 15, 1852
a\y 13, 18.'S7
eb. 21, 1S57
pr. 4, 1859
ay 29. 1867
pr. 14, 1859
ug. 12, 1860
C-,fc.<S<!-«!
[eath, Chloe A.
obbs, Almina
uuter, Emma
unter, Jane
unter, Elizabeth
olford, A. E.
olbert, Clara E.
oyt, AnnaM.
offman, E. E.
ebrig.-il Serinda
all, Susan A.
all, Ida A.
enkins, Sarah A.
ones, Elizabeth
ohnson, Emma
ohnson, Catherine
napp, Irene
napp, M. E.
napp, Rhoda A.
oree, Hannah A.
ong. KUa M.
ewis, Martha V.
ott, Ro.sa D.
ott, Mary L.
cCamley, M. A.
cCland, P. E.
-i
■ffe
errill. E. J.
axwell, Eliza
axwell. Eliza
iles, Clara E.
cAfee, Elizab
cDonald, Flot
errill. Marv P
111
McGee. Isadora
Miller. Lovice
McCland, MaH
Ormsby, Melin
Phillips, Mary
Parks, Emily
Pewterbaugh, 1
Parks, Henriet
Palmer. Emma
Patterson, M. g
Phelps, Sarah
Patterson, Dell
Phelps, Roxanr
Riven burg, Leo
Rehrig, Agnes
Behrig, Missur
«wwwKK3!BSKS33'^s»^'^««w^-jj^j,:iss;s;5s;:5a;5Sssss
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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HARFORD soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL
277
(Dressmaker. Attended
^ Mausfield 8. N. 8.
i one term.
Married Isaac Parroll.
With her mother.
With her mother. [N.S.
Attending Bloomsbnrg S.
With her mother.
(Attending Bloomsbnrg
i S.N. S.
Drewmaker.
i
i
1
Smllev.
Herrickville.
Sereno.
Sutton, Nebraska
Starucua.
Washingn, D.C.
Scott
Scott
Jackson
Honesdale.
Skinners Eddy.
Uniondale.
Uniondale.
Daleville
Dalevill;.
Scott.
Scott.
Mo.scow.
East Spring Hill.
Wilkesbarre
Witkesbarr«.
MIMiiNi
• : : : :^<o : : :
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Oct. 26, 1871
May 1, 1869
June 4, 1873
Feb. 25, 1873
Jan. 14, 1870
May 24, 1871
July 12, 1874
Dec. 6, 1871
Jan. -26. 1874
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Feb. 19, 1866
Jan. 18, 1866
Sept. '20, 1866
Oct. 19, 1868
Sept. 10, 1857
Sept. 21, 1867
Sept. 25, 1869
Sept. 1, 1870
Dec. 1, 1870
Apr. 1, 1871
Mar. 27, 1862
Sept. 10, 1867
Sept. 14, 1870
Mar. 1, 1871
Mar. 9, 1870
Mar. 1,1875
Jan. 7, 1872
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Apr. 9, 1873
Apr. 9, 1873
Oct. 25, 1855
May 1, 1853
Juue 4, 1857
Feb. '25, 1857
Jau. U, 1854
May -24, 1855
July 12, 1858
Dec. 6, 1855
Jau. 26, 1858
Nov. 28, 1861
Juue 16, 1860
Nov. 24, 1852
May 25, 1861
Mar. 1, 186;^
Apr. 11, 1859
Mar. 31, 1863
June 10, 1862
May 15, 1860
Oct. 8, 1860
Aug. 17, 1862
Jan. 9, 1859
Oct. 13, 1861
a
s
1
III
111
Wass, Sarah J.
Worth, Adebretta
Woodward, L. M.
Wetherby, Harriet
Wetherby, H. E.
Warner, Eve
Wilbur, Angeline
Woodruff, Mary
Whiting, Elsie E.
Whiting, Mary Z.
Wass, Elizabeth
Wass, Anna
■Wetherby, Frances
Wetherby, Josephine A.
Warden, Lucetia F.
Warner, Jennie
Yale, Mary J.
Yale, Emma E.
NORTH SEWICKLEY SCHOOL.
HORTLY after the appointment of Dr. Burrowes as State
Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphan Schools, he made
earnest efforts to find a competent person to establish and
take charge of a school for this class of children in the
western part ©f the State ; but he failed for some time, because of
the doubt and- uncertainty of appropriations being continued, and
because the work to be done for the orphan^ was double what was
done in boarding-schools, and the compensation about one-half as
much.
He was directed to Rev. Henry Webber, Principal of the North
Sewickley Academy, a man of most humane and sympathetic heart,
but in declining health ; after pressing the case upon him, Mr.
Webber consented to take a limited number, until other arrange-
ments could be made. Accordingly, on May 5, 1865, he received his
first soldier's orphan, and the number steadily increased, until one
hundred and eleven were in attendance. But Mr. Webber felt his
accommodations were not adequate to so large a number. He did
for them the best he could under the circumstances; and he deserves
the highest credit for the interest and venture he took at this early
period of the work, and the great tax it laid upon his declining
health, which was before taxed as much as it could well bear. He,
feeling, by fourteen months' experience, the responsibility and labor
to be too great for him, concluded to sell his interest, and did so to
Mr. James Jackson.
Mr. Jjickson took charge August, 1866, and continued four months,
when, finding the duties and difficulties so great and numerous, he sold
the property to Rev. J. H. Mann.
278
NORTH SEWICKLEY SCHOOL.
279
Mr. Mann took charge December 1, 1866, having forty orphans,
which number increased to sixty. Being an experienced teacher, he
endeavored to push the work forward successfully ; but he found the
difficulties to be encountered very many. He was materially assisted
by E. M. Alexander, Esq., of New Brighton, who showed the most
substantial sympathy in this great work. After trying the experiment
for six months, Mr. Mann declined to continue longer in the business.
He found that the school was sinking about one hundred and fifty
dollars per month, and the buildings not being adequate for a larger
school, he resigned the principalship, and the school closed June 1,
1867, by the transfer of the children to Phillipsburg and Union-
town.
The persons employed at various times during the existence of this
school were as follows :
Teachers.
Mr. R. E. Brown, Mr. M. J. Ingram, Miss Kate McBeth,
Miss Olivia J. Smith, Miss M. E. Porter.
Physician.
Dr. Witherow.
Matrons.
Mrs. Elezan Cole, Mrs. Jackson, Mrs. Hattie B. Mann.
*
Seamstresses.
Miss Koozer, Mrs. Bell Robinson.
280
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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CASSVILLE SCHOOL.
ASSVILLE is a small country town in Huntingdon county,
of about four hundred inhabitants, located at the foot of
Sideling Hill Mountain. The water is of the very best
quality. Coal is mined within two miles of the town.
The region is elevated, and the climate cool and healthy. The
scenery, from the village and from the neighboring elevations, is
charming and attractive. Cassville is ten miles from Mapleton, on
the Pennsylvania Railroad, and fourteen from Mill Creek, with which
it is connected by a tri-weekly mail-coach. Cole Station, on the E.
B. P. R. R., is within three miles of the village. The town contains
three churches, two potteries, and the usual number of stores and
shops found at a country town.
The buildings used for the orphan school were erected first by an
association, and quite a flourishing seminary was at one time in
operation. They are situated on the hill-side facing the town, and
consist of two brick buildings — one a school-house sixty-two by
thirty-two feet, two stories high, with cupola and a fine bell ; and the
other a boarding-house eighty-two by-thirty-two feet, four stories high,
to which was added, after its conversion into an orphan school, a frame
addition, extending the building fifty feet. This property, including
about four acres of land, was purchased by Prof. A. L. Guss, in Sep-
tember, 1865, for $2,250, and converted into an orphan school.
The erection of additional buildings and improvements cost over
$5,000. The farm cost $3,000, and the lots and adjoining grounds
$1,000.
The school was opened on November 6, 1865, and closed April
283
284 PENNA. soldiers' OBrilAN SCHOOLS.
10, 1874, after having been' in operation nearly eight and one-half
years. Pupils were admitted by orders from the State Superin-
tendent and by transfers from other schools as follows •
Males. Females. Total.
Admitted on orders 174 149 323
Admitted by transfers 99 62 161
Grand total 273 211 484
The children were discharged as follows :
Males. Females. Total.
Discharged on age (at 16 years) 116 99 215
Discharged on order 48 29 77
Discharged by transfer 18 12 30
Died while in school 2 5 7
Discharged at the close of school 89 Q6 135
Grand total 273 211 484
The school was organized when the system of orphan schools was
yet in its infancy, and no one, except those who passed through
labors and privations incident to the early history of these schools,
can form an adequate idea of what should be in justice accorded to
them. The sudden bringing together of one hundred and twenty-
five undisciplined children, a corps of inexperienced employees,
buildings illy adapted to the enterprise, and with nothing yet sys-
tematized, surely were obstacles serious enough to discourage any
one; but when it came to waiting five, six, and even twenty-two
months for pay, it taxed the ingenuity and faith to its utmost ca-
pacity.
For the purposes of an orphan school, the buildings were made com-
modious and well adapted. No other school in the State had better
accommodations. The front yarcf was cleared of rocks, and five hun-
dred dollars were expended in ornamental trees, vines, shrubbery, and
flowers. An adjoining grove furnished shade and additional play-
grounds. Extensive board-walks helped to keep clean buildings;
while water, conveyed in iron pipes from the mountain-side, fur-
nished ample washing and bathing facilities on every floor. In short,
it had everyUiing that a judicious Principal could provide to make it
u happy home.
The farm belonging to the school was located a half mile distant,
CASSVILLE SCHOOL. 285
and consisted of seventy-five acres. On this, Mr. J. H. Rindlaub
lived, and managed the farming and trucking, which was so well
done as to add much to the variety at the table, and to economize the
expenses. Several lots in the village were also used for cultivating
vegetables. This department was smoothly and successfully man-
aged, and furnished ample exercise for the boys on their details. The
system of work-details was, in the spring of 1866, put in operation,
and always strictly adhered to. All pupils were conscientiously
allowed their six hours of school exercises each day. At about the
same time a clothing-room was set apart, and boxes were arranged
and numbered for each pupil's clothing. Large rooms for washing
and bathing were fitted up for each sex, and one for general use of
employees, and the school-room provided with two hundred patent
desks. Five recitation-rooms were fitted up contiguous to the main
study-hall ; also play-rooms for both sexes.
The first Christmas was celebrated by a grand dinner, gotten up
by A. P. Fields, M. D., the attending physician, aided by the citizens
of Cassville and vicinity, a flattering account of which was pub-
lished in the Huntingdon Globe.
In January, 1866, Robert McDivitt, Esq., then County Superin-
tendent, was at the school, and was so well pleased with what he saw,
that he wrote a lengthy and highly complimentary account of his
visit, which appeared in the Huntingdon Journal.
On the fourth of July, 1866, the school participated, with similar
institutions, in the ceremonies of the return of the regimental bat-
tle-flags, at Independence Square, Philadelphia, and presented a fine
appearance. Every one of the one hundred and fifty-seven pupils
in attendence accompanied the excursion, thug showing a remarka-
ble condition of health.
At the close of the terra in July, 1866, the school gave a concert
in Huntingdon, where they were enthusiastically received and freely
entertained, and the school praised by all persons who saw it.
At the close of the term in July, 1867, the school gave a concert
in Altoona, and the next evening in Hollidaysburg. One hundred
and fifty-three dollars and seventy-five cents were realized at the
former, and ninety-seven dollars and seventy-five cents at the latter
place, and invested in books for the children's Sunday-school. Again,
in May, 1869, the school visited Johnstown, and gave three enter-
tainments, which netted nearly five hundred dollars, all of which
was expended for a flag, drums, an organ, books, and other articles.
286 PENXA. soldiers' orphan schools.
Free transportation was provided by the railroad company, and the
orphans entertained gratuitously on all these occasions.
In November, 1869, the sixth was duly observed as the Anniver-
sary of the opening of the school. Prof. M. L. Stoever, LL.D., of
Gettysburg, was present, and delivered his excellent lecture on
" Aaron Burr," and another on " Advice to the Young." After the
literary exercises, the children were treated to a grand dinner. In
1870, the anniversary was observed by a jubilee dinner, a concert of
vocal and instrumental music, essays, speeches, &c., by the orphans ;
and Rev. Morris Officer, formerly a missionary in Western Africa,
delivered a lecture.
The spring of 1871 was made memorable in the history of the
school by the sickness of Mrs. Guss, the Principal's wife. She was
stricken with apoplexy and paralysis while in the midst of her labors.
She had always been the active Matron of the house, and with her
own hands led off in the work. To her industry, good management,
and untiring exertions, the school owed much of its prosperity. From
this affliction she never fully recovered, and it may be truly said she
sacrificed her health in her labors for the orphans.
Another grand jubilee was held on the sixth of November, 1871,
when over sixty of the " sixteeners " (a term originated by Lydia
Ray, a pupil at Cassville) were present, and a host of invited guests.
Dr. J. G. Butler, of Washington, D. C, for many years Chaplain of
the National House of Representatives, was present and lectured ;
also Prof. Henry Houck, A. M., the popular and efficient State
Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction, honored the occasion
with his presence, and delivered an able address. At this reunion,
the " sixteeners " quietly raised one hundred and twenty-five dollars,
with which they purchased a beautiful gold watch, and presented the
same to their Principal, Prof A. L. Guss.
Another anniversary was held in November, 1873, of a similar
character to the one two years previous. It was largely attended by
"sixteeners," who participated in the exercises, a full account of
which was reported for the Huntingdon Globe, The speeches of the
pupils show their feelings and their attachment to the school.
Tlie annual examinations, year after year, showed the school to be
one of the most efficient in the State. Indeed, it is related that Rev.
O. H. Miller, now State Librarian, who conducted the examination
in July, 1871, after hearing a couple of the female pupils read, was
80 Mir])iij3ed and pleased that he exclaimed: "I would give five
CASSVILLE SCHOOL. ^ 287
hundred dollars, if my daughters could read like those two girls."
As an illustration of the efficiency of the school educationally, we
would say that one of its pupils entered the Freshman class of
Pennsylvania College in one year after leaving the orphan school,
and that another graduated at the Shippensburg State Normal School
in one year after leaving Cassville. The official reports show that
Cassville always had at least one more teacher for the pumber of
pupils than any other school, besides employing a music teacher
to instruct the children without charge, which was not done
in other schools, except Titusvflle and the Soldiers' Orphan Insti-
tute.
In December, 1872, Prof Guss purchased the Globe, and removed
to Huntingdon, where he has continued to publish that paper. After
this date, the active control of the school was in the hands of
Harper W. Snyder, Esq., and subsequently J. L. Kendlehart, Esq.,
who was Principal when the school closed.
. Thus we have traced the school, through its history, from No-
vember, 1865, to the fall of 1873, and shown, from the testimony of
the outside world and the records of the Department, that it had
been well managed. But now an unfortunate moment came. Prof.
Guss allowed himself to become a candidate for Congress, which
led to the publication of scandalous charges, in order to defeat his
chances of success. He succeeded, however, in receiving the nom-
ination in Huntingdon county, but was defeated in the district
conference. Following this there were complicated and protracted
litigations, the result of which is well stated in Superintendent Wick-
ersham's annual report of 1874 :
"Partisan and personal bitterness still kept alive the charges, greatly to
the injury of the school ; and, unwilling that this state of things should con-
tinue, not wishing to subject the State to an annoying claim, which I knew
would be made, for heavy damages, by removing the school without having
something more substantial than bad rumors upon which to base my action,
and, unable to induce any one of the complaining citizens to bring the matter
before the courts, that judicial investigation might reveal the facts in the case,
I decided to place the whole question in the hands of the Legislature. The
committee to whom the matter was intrusted, after a prolonged and expensive
investigation, reported in three divisions : The majority believing that the
conduct of Mr. Guss was of * an improper character,' and recommending the
removal of the school; the first minority coinciding with the majority, so
far as the recommendation for the removal of the school was concerned, and
the second minority holding that no jury could convict the accused on the
288 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
testimony presented 'of any of the specifications contained in the charges'
against him, and recommending that the school be continued, on the condi-
tion that the Proprietor wholly disconnect himself from it. The Legislature
took no action upon these reports, except to refer them to the Superintendent
of Orphan Schools for such action as he might deem best. Accepting the
recommendation of the majority report as binding upon him, the Cassville
School was closed, and the children quietly placed in other institutions, selected
in most cases by their friends."
It may be remarked that the determination of " the guilt or inno-
cence" of Prof. Guss, which was the object the Superintendent had
in view when asking for an investigation, was never attained. The
majority took the position that the rumors, whether true or false,
Avere alike injurious to the school ; that " when Prof Gass became
a candidate for political honors, he should have relinquished the con-
trol of the school ;" and, finally, they say, " the question of his guilt
or innocence is remitted to the courts for investigation " — a method
of treating the difficulty which the Superintendent could not induce
the complaining parties to adopt, and to which Prof Guss had him-
self frequently challenged them.
The minority report says : "The improper conduct charged by the
Enemies of the Cassville Soldiers' Orphan School is said to have
occurred between 1868 and 1872," and that the "witnesses were
contradicted or impeached to such an extent, that we believe no jury
could convict Prof Guss of any of the specifications contained in
the charges upon their testimony." Referring to reasons given by
the majority, they say : " These reasons for the removal of the
school are untenable in the light of the testimony taken at Cassville,
where scores of witnesses from the immediate neighborhood testified,
with but two exceptions from that entire region, that the rumors
were not believed," and, in fact, in many cases, were not heard of
prior to the investigation ; " and that they believed the school was
well managed and prosperous ; " and, iurther, they recommend
that "the good name and welfare of these unfortunate orphans
demand that the school should remain where it now is."
Justice to the noble band of boys and girls who were pupils at
this institution impels us, before closing this sketch, to say that, in
all human probability, had not their Principal become a candidate
for political preferment, their school would have escaped the calum-
nies heaped upon it, and coutiuued in successful operation until the
present time.
CASSVILLE SCHOOL.
289
The following are some of the names of the persons officially con-
nected with the institution while it was in operation.
Mr. Samuel W. Heaton,
" A. H. Weidman,
" W.L.Owen,
" E.C.Stewart,
Prof. A. Lenk,
Mr. Lewis A. Haffley,
Miss Mary A. Doyle,
" A. L. Simington,
" Idella C. Green,
" Julia A. Gault,
A. P. Fields, M. D.,
Capt. Harry F. Spicer,
Teachers.
Mr. Jas. M. Wilson,
" Wm. Lytic,
" J. C, Clarkson,
" D. H. Shultz,
" M. M. Horton,
Miss C. A. Phillips,
" E.W. Stein,
" Mattie Collins,
" Maggie L. Hart,
" Hattie A. Wayne,
" Ada Love,
Physicians.
Isaac Guss, M. D., W. A. Hinchman, M. D.,
A. J. Hamilton, M. D.
Mr. Josiah H. Glenn,
" A. B. Tayior,
" Geo. S. Rea,
" Jas. G. Corbin,
" Wm. C. Reem,
Miss S. Belle Clarkson,
" Emma J. Hall,
" Lizzie L. Cooper,
" R. Alice Gehrett,
" Mary A. Hawker.
Mr. John H. Clark,
Male Attendants.
Capt. G«o. W. Guss,
Mr. Zane B. Taylor.
Sick Nurse.
Mrs. R. C. McManama.
Sewing Superintendents.
Mrs. Mary C. McCauley, Miss Mattie B. Arey, Miss Mattie S. Gehrett.
Farmers.
Mr. Michael Brannan, Mr. A. J. Henderson.
Teamsters.
Mr. Chas. Marshall, Mr. Silas Prough, Mr. A. J. Forshey.
Butchers.
Mr. B. Fink, Mr. T. T. Houck.
19
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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CASSVILLE SOLDIEKS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 299
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SOLDIERS' ORPHAN HOME.
HE Soldiers' Orphan Home in Pittsburgh was incorpo-
rated in April, 1864, and organized in May of the same
year by the election of the following officers, viz. :
President, Chas. Knapp.
Vice-President, James P. Barr.
Treasurer, George W. Cass. ^
Secretary, James M. Gallagher.
The Board of Managers was composed of the following gentle-
men, viz. :
Chas. Knapp,
C. W. Ricketson,
Wm. H. McGee,
John D. Scully,
Thos. A. Scott,
Geo. W. Cass,
Joshua Rhodes,
James McCabe,
Wra. H. Smith,
James P. Barr,
R. J. Grace.
The Home was opened on the 1st of December, 1864, in a large
building on the corner of Pride and Bluff Streets, at an annual
rental of eight hundred dollars, under charge of Miss Mary Stafford
as Matron, which position she .filled with great satisfaction for six
years, devoting her earnest efforts in behalf of soldiers' orphans
without compensation. The Home opened with about twenty-five
children, wliich number increased to seventy, entirely supported by
private subscription, as the State had at that time made no provision
for this clans. About twelve thousand five hundred dollars had been
subscribed by the following gentlemen, viz. :
300
SOLDIERS' ORPHAN HOME.
301
Thos. A. Scott,
Wm. J. Kountz,
Chas. Knapp,
Geo. W. Cass,
John H. Shoenberger,
Joshua Rhodes,
Isaac Jones,
Samuel McKee,
Wm. H. Smith,
Thomas Moore,
John Moorhead,
John Dunlap,
Andrew Carnegie,
Daniel McMeal,
James P. Barr,
C. W. Ricketson,
W. H. Williams,
D. H. Stewart,
N. J. Bigley,
Wm. H. McGee,
B. F. Jones,
James McCabe,
H. H. Collins,
Hostetter & Smith,
Robert Finney,
John Savage.
The Home was founded without any encouragement as to the
permanent establishment of a general system for the care of soldiers'
orphans, and was the first chartered institution distinctively for the
purpose in the United States.
Children may have been cared for in existing institutions, but
there was not, so far as was known, any separate home maintained
either by State or individual effort. This fact was thought sufficient
to entitle it to a share in the bequest of the late Horatio Ward, of
London, who left one hundred thousand dollars to be distributed to
asylums or homes established prior to 1865, but Pennsylvania was
left out of the award.
When this State provided for the education and maintenance of
soldiers' orphans, the Home was included among the State institu-
tions. Yet at no time did the compensation allowed pay the ex-
penses, which obliged the Managers to distribute the children among
other schools, a few yet remaining in the Industrial School in Phila-
delphia.
The Home was frequently complimented for its efficiency by Messrs.
Burrowes and McFarland while State Superintendents of Soldiers'
Orphans, and by Mrs. Hutter, who made frequent mention of the
institution in her reports.
302
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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soldiers' orphan home, PITTSBURGH. 303
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PHILLIPSBURGH SCHOOL.
3^|HIS institution was purchased December, 1865, exclusively
I8J3 for a soldiers' orphan school, and was organized as such
in March, 1866, under the principalship of Rev. W. G.
Taylor, D.D., under whose able supervision it has re-
mained till the present time. Phillipsburgh, where the school is
located, is across the Ohio River from Rochester, which latter place
is a town of considerable business importance on the Pittsburgh, Ft.
Wayne and Chicago Railway. A steam-ferry plies between the two
places. The post-office is Water-cure.
The original buildings were used for a Water-cure, and afterwards
for a Pleasure resort, for a number of years. The time was when
this place had considerable notoriety in and about Pittsburgh. When
Dr. Taylor took possession, he at once began to repair and remodel
the house, that it might be made suitable for a soldiers' orphan school.
A lessee occupied a part of the property till the 1st of April, which
retarded the work, and was a source of great inconvenience. But
as occasion required and opportunity offered, very important addi-
tions were made. In 1870 a new dwelling was erected and furnished,
and dedicated February 18, 1872. This building is large, well
arranged, and every part well adapted to the use designed. This
was followed by another structure, containing a large, well-lighted
school-room, a large sitting-room for boys, and a neat and handsomely
furnished chapel, which was followed by two bath-rooms and wash-
rooms for boys and girls, a work-shop, a farm-house, and a store-
house, all of which were completed in 1873. A farm of forty-one
acres was purchased soon after the school opened. In 1870 the farm
and garden lands were increased to one hundred acres, and in 1873
these were again increased to two hundred and ten acres, with fine
304
?HILLIPSBUIIGH SCHOOL. 305
orchards of two hundred and fifty fruit-trees, three barns, and stables
for ten horses and twenty cows, and four farm dwellings. The cost
of this property, together with the furnishing and equipping of the
school buildings, Dr. Taylor estimates at 848,000.
The first orphan was admitted into this school March 3, 1806.
During the following spring and summer the number of pupils
reached eighty-three. The school was largely increased by transfers
from North Sewickley and the Homes in Pittsburgh and Allegheny
City, in the following October, making the number one hundred and
eighty-eight. But this number was soon greatly reduced by transfers
to Titusville, where a new school had been opened, and the children
whose mothers resided in the north-western part of the State were
naturally sent there. Quite a number of transfers were also made
to Dayton and Uniontown schools, which had been opened since this
school was established. These transfers left the school much reduced
in numbers, in which condition it remained for some time, its average
being for several years about one hundred and forty. This small
number greatly diminished the income of the school, and had not
Dr. Taylor given his undivided attention to its management, and had
he not been ably assisted by his estimable wife, two daughters, and
son, the finances of the institution would have been taxed to the ut-
most capacity.
On the 4th of July, 1866, Phillipsburgh joined with other soldiers'
orphan schools in the excursion to Philadelphia, to witness the
formal return of the battle-flags, borne in the late war, to the State
authorities. Of this interesting occasion, Dr. Taylor reports : " We
took our ninety scholars there and back without a single act of
known disobedience. The boys were entertained at the Soldiers'
Home, and slept in a large room with four hundred boys, most of
whom felt the excitement of the surroundings ; but these boys marched
in according to orders ; in silence took off' their shoes, jackets, and
caps, and lay down quietly and in the most perfect order, to the
astonishment of many lookers on. The girls were handsomely en-
tertained at the Episcopal Church Home. The boys and girls par-
ticipated in the pleasure of seeing the battle-flags under which their
fathers had fought."
When his school first opened. Dr. Taylor found it exceedingly
difficult to get a full corps of trained teachers qualified for, and
adapted to, and interested in the work. The duties to be performed
in a soldiers' orphan school are unlike those of any other school, and
20
306 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SC1E00LS.
special gifts and experience are required for this specialty. Hence
it is not strange that at first he failed to secure those who gave entire
satisfaction. But, not easily discouraged, Dr. Taylor acted upon the
motto, " Try, try again," till at length he obtained, and for the last
five years has had, an able and successful corps of teachers. The
annual examinations have repeatedly demonstrated to many visitors
the remarkable degree of progress made by the orphans. Those who
attended Normal Schools after leaving Phillipsburgh, have acquitted
themselves with credit, and are now, with few exceptions, successful
teachers. In regard to the educational standing of this school. Dr.
Taylor makes the following statement: "We have /owr extra grades,
and some orphans have finished twelve grades with high standing.
We have teachers for both vocal and instrumental music, and a
department of art. For the last four years the average progress
per annum has been a grade and a half, and the average standing
ninety-three on examination."
Special pains are taken to train the children morally and religiously.
Two services are held every Sabbath in the chapel, and daily morn-
ing and evening family worship is observed. Tjiere are also stated
times'for reading the Bible and religious books and papers; daily
instruction in regard to duty is imparted, and much attention is given
to the correction of bad and the formation of good habits.
The children are taught that success in any undertaking cannot
be had without labor; and that labor in any lawful calling is'
honorable, while idleness is degrading and disgraceful. Great care
is therefore taken to teach the orphans all kinds of work possible.
The girls learn in classes to do chamber-work, to cook, bake, wash,
iron, besides being instructed in the sewing-room by a competent
teacher; the boys are instructed in the work of the farm and
garden, learn how to take care of stock, do the out-door work about
the institution, and the use of tools.
The physical laws of health are explained, and their observance
enforced. " Every child," Dr. Taylor says, " discharged at sixteen
years of age, has been in perfect health."
A large majority of the pupils leaving at sixteen years of age are
doing well, and are an honor to their fathers, a credit to the school,
and industrious and useful citizens of the great State that so nobly
nurtured them while in the plastic years of youth.
The following is a Ibt of persons who have been officially connected
with the school since its organization, viz. ;
PHILLIPSBURGH SCHOOL.
307
Principal.
Rev. W. G. Taylor, D. D.
Assistant Principal.
Mrs. C. T. Taylor.
Physicians.
D. McKinney, M. D., D. S. Marquis, M. D.
Teachers.
Mr. A. G. Thome,
" D. McAllister,
" J.S.Steele,
Miss Lizzie Dever,
" Lizzie Rollings,
Mr. R. F. Thompson,
" J. N. Biers,
Miss M. M. Taylor,
" Loretta Reynolds,
" E.S.Taylor,
Prof. S. M. Piersol,
" J. M. Phillis,
Miss M. M. Chambers,
" C.E. Taylor,
" M. E. Kroesen.
Superintendents of Boys.
Mr. J. Neel, | Mr. P. Aulshouse, I Mr. Wm. P. Badders,
" P. Bromwell, | " Henry Turner, | " E. H. Crandall.
Matrons.
Miss N. W. Thompson, Miss Minnie Cole.
Sewing Superintendents.
Miss Mary Chambers, 1 Mr. J. Braun, tailor,
" Ella Mann, | Mrs. L. L. Brown,
Miss M. McLaren,
Mrs. M. J. McGinniss.
Superintendents of Kitchen.
Mrs. M. J. Hoyt, I Miss Eunice Brown,
Miss S. Fenstermacher, | " Julia Eckles,
Mrs. L. Turner,
" A.M.English.
Laundry.
Miss Christiana Frank, Mrs. C. Lloyd.
I
Nurse.
Mrs. Mary Eckles.
Superintendents of Children.
Miss Rachel Wilson, Miss Sue Work, Miss Ada Grandy.
General Care-taker.
Mr. James W. Taylor.
Farmers and Gardeners.
Mr. Benjamin Strite, I Mr. John Hughes, I Mr. A. Yount,
" Jas. Smith, | " Wm. Kaler, | " Joseph Garrett.
Shoemakers.
Mr. C. Pfancuch, Mr. A. Blott.
Butcher.
Mr. C. Erbeck.
308
PEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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PIIILLIPSBURGH SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOL. 309
( Works in rotUng-mill,
} $36^ month.
5 Works in rolling-mill,
\ $60^ month.
Printer; $60 ^ month.
Teamster ; $50 ^ month.
Iron-works ; $60 ^ mo.
Iron-works; $50 %) mo.
With his guardian.
Wagon-maker.
Learning a trade.
Farming.
5 Attending commercial
I college.
5 Marble-cntting @ $22
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5 On the river @ 8« V
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5 Black^mithlng @ $65
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C In a hardware store @
i $28 per month.
With his mother.
Butchering® $40 V mo.
Brmkeman ® $60 ? mo.
Tionesta.
Tionesta.
Hookstown.
Brookville.
Rochester.
Saltsburg.
Cowansville.
Cowausville.
Etna
Howe.
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Newcastle
New Wilmlngfn.
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Pitt..(burph.
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Corry
Cowansville.
Manorvllle.
Lawremeburg.
Pituburgh
Manorville
Buchanan..
Buchanan.
Rochester.
Boliver.
Boliver.
West Elizabeth. 4
Utah.
West Elizabeth..
Utah.
Newcastle
New Alexandria.
New Alexandria.
Sheakleyville.
Pittsburgh
•Rochester
Pittsburgh.
Phillips- Mills.
Phillips' Mills.
Economy.
Buchanan.
Beaver.
Riceville.
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Penn Run.
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gandv Lake.
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May 6, 1871
Apr. 3, 1875
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July 23, 1862
Feb. 2, 1861
May 2, 1868
July 3, 1864
Aug. 26, 1853
Mar. 22, I8.i5
Mar. 16, 1851
Aug. 22, 1862
July 7. 1854
Mar. 14, 1851
May 20, 1852
Feb. 28, 1857
Sept. 20, 1851
Nov. 19, 18.55
Aug. 4, 1857
Sept. 2, 1854
Nov. 8, 1857
July 23, 1859
May 6, 1855
Apr. 3, 1859
Mar. 28, 1863
Aug. 14, 1858
Dec. 9, 1859
Dec. 31. 1858
Jan.l, 1861
Mav 13, 1861
Sept. 11, 1861
Dec. 12. 1867
Jan. 28, 18K5
Apr. 29, 1869
Oct. 13, 1855
Apr. — . 1853
July 1, 1853
Jan. -, 1857
Julv 12. 1857
Dec. 26, 1857
Apr. 3, 18.56
June 8, 1856
Auu. 24, 1853
Nov. '^6, 1857
May 27. 1851
Feb. 20. 1855
Sept. 12. 1857
Feb. 22. 1860
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Indiana.
Srady's Bend.
Pittsburgh
Aliecheny.
Callensburg.
Callensburg.
Reidsburg.
Reid-sburg.
Castle Shannon.
Suchnuan.
Buchanan.
Natrona.
Natrona.
Holt
Indiana.
Allegheny
Pittsburgh.
Martin's Ferrr..
Slippery Rock.
Glade Mills.
Dtica.
Pittsburgh
Utica.
Mai tin's Ferry..
Martin'* Ferry.
Pituburgh
BiK Run.
Allegheny
Anderson's Mills.
Anderson's Mills.
Drnrosburg
RrownsTille.
Brownsville.
Cames City.
Hookstown.
Pituburgh
Wilkinsburg.
Eakin
Coal Valley.
Alleghenv.
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Pittsbnrith.
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Beaver Falls....
Shenango.
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Sept. 8. 1871
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Mar. 27, 1866
May 1, 1866
May 1, 1866
May 1, 1866
May 1, 1866
Oct. 1, 1866
Feb. 19, 1868
Feb. 19, 1868
Sept. 1, 1873
Oct. 13, 1873
N..V. 6. 1874
Mar. 9, 1868
Oct. 29, 1866
Oct. 30, 1866
Oct. :iO, 1866
Sept. 8, 1871
Apr. '25, 1867
June 1, 1867
June 1, 1867
Sept. 8, 1871
Juuel, 1867
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Dec. 1, 1871
Feb. 6, 1872
Dec 1. 1874
Dec. 1, 1874
Apr. 5. 1866
Mar. 6. 1866
Mar. 6. 1866
Mav 24, 1866
Sept. 1, 18»'^
Sept. 4, 1866
Sept. 4. 1866
Oct. 1, 1866
Oct. 1, 1866
Oct. 1,1866
Sept. 12. 1866
Oct. 1, 1866
Oct. 30, 1866
Oct. .30, 1866
Dec. 1, 18(M5
June 1, 1867
June 1, 1867
June 1, 1867
Juue 1, 1867
June 1, 1867
June 1, 1867
June 2, 1857
Mar. 6, 1855
Aug. 24, 1863
Nov. 22, 1857
Sept. -29, 1862
Nov. 17, 1858
Oct. 12, 1853
Juue 16, 1855
May 12, 1852
Mrfy 5, 1856
Oct. 24, 1856
Dec. 29, 1854
July 1, 1856
May 7, 1854
Feb. 4, 1855
Oct. 11, 1860
Feb. 1, 1863
July 13, 1860
Mar. :^0. 1853
Sept. 27, 1858
Oct. 2, 1854
Sept. 6, 1856
May 17, 18.56
Mar. 9, 1856
Oct. 1, 1853
July 5, 1855
Apr. 13. 1857
Sept. 14, 1857
Deo. .30, 18.58
Apr. 8. 1861
Dec. 10, 1858
Oct. 13, 1860
Sept. 23, 1856
June 10, 18(i0
Aug. 7, 1862
Apr. 14, 18.54
June 12, 1850
Apr. 27, 1855
Aug. 20. 1857
Nov. 30, 18.53
Mar. 30, 185:1
June 1, 1855
Nov. 26, 18.56
Aug. '29, 18.59
Jan. 8, 1857
June 19, 18.56
Feb. 13, 1857
Nov. 13, 18.51
Mav 21, 1855
Mav 9, 1856
Mar. 21, 18.57
Apr. 22. 18.53
Dec. 18, 18,57
May 18, 1853
Nov. 8, 1851
July 17, 1856
ill
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Jones, Alfred J.
Jones. 'William A.
Jones, George M.
Kennedv, James
Kingsland, Wm. J.
Keister. Thom.as I.
Keister, Adam H.
Kuhns, Charles B.
Kuhns. James A.
Kelly. William
Kelly, Jacob
Kerr, William 0.
Kerr, James C.
Kuhns. Daniel M.
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Ma.son, William C.
Murphy, Samuel J.
M.irphy, William T.
Malarkey, William H.
81
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312
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PENXA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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With her aunt.
Doing housework.
Married K. P. Dunnim.
Tailoring, $40 ^ month.
( Learning tailoring, $12
\ ¥ mouth.
Married.
Uousewuik, $8^month.
ga CO., Ohio. 'VTith her
mother.
( Had one term at S. N. S.
< Since married Lewis
( Amon.
Married.
Housework, $8 ^ month.
C Attending Edtnboro' S.
{ N. S.
Attending S. N.S.
rosT
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
..a
II ^
Blanket Hill....
Sprenkle's .Mills.
New Brighton.
Gallitzen.
Gallitzen.
Sharon
ill
Kossuth.
Wilkiusburg....
Wampum
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Monroeville.
Homewood.
Homewood.
Homewood.
Montville, Geau
Johnstown.
Big Bend.
Big Bend.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Davis.
Davis.
New Vernon
Livermore.
Industry
Newcastle
Livermore.
Balm
Petersburg.
Tareutum.
BlairsviUe.
Rock Point.
Braddock's F'ds.
Braddock's F'ds.
Braddock's F'ds.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Mineraville
Legouier.
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N. Sewickley
N. Sewickley
P.4 A.O.Asy.
P.& A.O.Asy.
C.assville
Cassville
Titusville
Titusville
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Oct. 1. 1870
Dec. 1, 1874
Oct. ao, 18(i9
Sept. 10, 1870
Not. 22, 1871
Feb. 21, 1873
Sept. 18, 1875
Sept. 18. 1875
June 1, 1867
Mar. 6. 1866
Mar. 16, 1866
June 1, 1867
Mar. 16, 1866
Oct. 30, 18<K>
June 1, 1867
Aug. 31, l8tW
Sept. 1, 1S69
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1. 1873
May 7, 1874
May 7. 1874
Dec. 1, 1874
Dec. 1, 187+
Mar. 27, 1875
Apr. 1, 1875
Apr. 1, 1875
Apr. 1, 1875
S. pt. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, IH75
Mar. 8, 1866
Jan. 20, 1870
Oct. 30, 1866
June 1, 1867
Jan. 20, 1875
.Sept. 15, 1869
Nov. 3, 1869
Mar. 1, 1870
Oct. 5, 1870
May 3, 1871
Mar. 29, 1873
Mar. 18, 1875
June 1,1874
.Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 1,1868
Sept. I. 1870
11
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Graudy. Frances L.
Grubaugb. Maria M.
Guthrie. Clara A.
Gill. Eliza J.
Graham, Ida
Graham. Elizabeth
Graham, Alice
Gregory, Marv E.
Gregory, Ehz!. J.
Gouchet, Elvira J.
Goucher, Clara H.
OeUinger, Mary
Geuinger. Josephine
Geuduger, Ruth
Geisinger, Catherine
Goutz. Martha A.
Goutz, Ida E.
Heaslev, Frances L.
Hart. Adelaide B.
Howells, Mary A.
Hart. Martha A.
Heaiiley. Malissa E.
Hutchinson, Evangeline
Hanson, Julia
Harkins, Charlotte E.
Howells, Margaret J.
Helm, Katie J.
Helm, Mary G.
Helm, Martha
Haid. Catherine
Haid, Mary
Jetikins. Sarah
\
1
PHILLIPSBUKGH SOLDIERS* ORPHAN' SCHOOL. 317
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318
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
II
PHILLIPSBURGH SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOL. 319
with her mother.
Died Jan. 9, 1876.
With her mother.
Dressmaker.
i Brush factory, $20 fl
L month.
Married.
In a drug store.
wniet.
Rochester.
Middlesex.
Tidioute.
Peun Run.
Peun Run.
Pittsburgh
New Castle.
Leechburg.
Leechburg
Greensburg.
Brook ville.
Urookville.
Beaver Falls....
Beaver Falls....
Beaver Falls....
Evansburg.
Conemaugh.
Armagh.
Emlenton.
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
Kittanning.
Kitianning.
Kittanning.
Hill
: ; : ; :
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N. Sewickley
N. Sewickley
N. Sewickley
Cassville
2 : : • :
Oct. 8, 1872
Sept. 1, 1873
Dec. 1, 1874
Deo. 1, 1874
May 3, 1875
May 3, 1875
Aug. 11, 1866
Mar. 10, 1869
Sept. 1, 1874
.Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1873
Mar. 28, 1866
Mar. 28, 1866
Oct. 1. 1866
Oct. 30, 1866
Oct. 30, 1866
June 1, 1867
May 7, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Dec. 1, 1874
Apr. 30, 1866
Apr. 30, 1866
Oct. 10. 1871
Oct. 10. 1871
Nov. 30, 1869
Aug. 29, 18C0
Dec. — , 1865
June 1. 1860
Dec. 16, 1862
July 9, 1861
Dec. "23, 1862
Jan. 28. 1857
Feb. 6, 1856
Mar. 23, 1869
Mar. 12, 1871
Juue 24, 18G0
Aug. '28, 18.i3
July 12, 1856
Apr. 4, 1857
Aug. 13, 1852
Aug, 6, 1851
Apr. 8, 1853
Deo. 20, 1861
Aug. 11, 1861
June 25, 1860
May 17, 1853
Sept. 23, H54
Apr. 13, 1860
Feb. 5, 1862
May 8, 1860
%
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ii:
Sly, Annie
Sebrang, Deborah
Sebrang. Maggie A.
Temple, Mary J.
Upcraft, Mary M.
Upcraft, Catherine A.
Varndell, Mary M.
Wilson, Isabinda G.
Wilson, Sarah J.
Wray, Isabella
Wray, Alice
Wray, Eleanor
Williams, Josephine
Wysel, Jane
Williams, Mary L.
i a a
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4
3
JACKSONVILLE SCHOOL,
N the spring of 1866, the property known as the Fairview
Seminary, at Jacksonville, Centre county, was bought by
Rev. D. G. Klein, with a view of opening a school for
soldiers' orphans, under the auspices of the State. Super-
intendent Burrowes visited the place on the tenth of May, inspected
the buildings, and gave directions as to changes and additions to be
made, in order to render the accommodations sufficient for one hun-
dred and fifty pupils. The verbal agreement then entered into
between Mr. Klein and Dr. Burrowes was in substance this : The
buildings were to be put in readiness, and orders of admission were
fo be issued to orphans on the first of June of the same year. The
children were to be under ten years of age, and were to be main-
tained, educated, and clothed for S150 each per annum.
Immediate steps were taken to provide the stipulated conveniences.
Early in June the orphans began to arrive, and were received and
cared for, though everything was as yet in an unfinished state.
After a number had been admitted, the Superintendent advanced
funds to enable Mr. Klein to go forward with the necessary improve-
ments. The school filled up slowly, only about fifty having been
admitted before vacation of that year.
After vacation, there was a gradual increase in the number of
pupils until the close of the first year, when there were one hundred
and seven on the roll of the school. But now a new order of things
waa inaugurated. The Legislature reduced the allowance from
$160 to $125 per annum, a new Superintendent was appointed, and
a Bomewhat different management required. The reduction in the
rates was at that time peculiarly hard, as flour then cost 815 per
320
JACKSONVILLE SCHOOL.
321
barrel, and other provisions, wages, and lumber were at the same ex-
travagant figures. What to do was a serious question. Some S5,000
had been put into the improvements and furniture, and if the school
should now close, this would be nearly all lost.
In the emergency, the new Superintendent, Colonel McFarland,
was consulted, and he advised the Principal, Mr. Klein, to go on
with his improvements, so as to be able to admit one hundred and
fifty pupils. In consequence of this advice, and hoping a larger
school would pay its way, an additional expense of several thousand
dollars was incurred.
By the 1st of September, 1867, the number of pupils had slowly
gone up to one hundred and nineteen. But now there was a transfer,
which reduced the number to ninety-two. During the year 1868
the average number in actual attendance was but a little rising one
hundred, and the following year the number reached but one hun-
dred and thirteen. In 1870 a further reduction of rates was made,
giving to schools admitting orphans under ten years of age but $115
for each child, per annum, for education, maintenance, and school-
ing. The school had not hitherto paid expenses, and Mr. Klein,
being burdened with an ever-increasing debt, was compelled to resign,
and the children were taken to other schools on the 3d of January,
1871.
During the existence of the school there were admitted ninety-four
boys and eighty girls, making a total of one hundred and seventy-
four.
We regret we are not able to give the names of the faithful
teachers and employees connected with this school, no list having
been furnished us.
21
322
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
2g
•1^
Post
Offick
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
English Centre.
Euglish Centre.
Moshannon.
Hegarty X R'ds.
Shaver's Creek.
MontoursviUe.
Osceola.
Flemington.
Flemington.
Huntingdon.
Port Matilda.
Beech Creek.
Beech Creek.
Lumber City.
Phillipsburg.
Smith's Mills.
Frankstown.
Frankstown.
Liberty Townp.,
Lewistown.
Sinking Valley.
Sinking Valley.
Harrisburg.
Milesburg.
Williamsport.
Mill Creek.
Mill Creek.
Danville.
Moshannon.
Mill Hall.
Mill Hall.
Pleasant Gap.
Pleasant Gap....
Bellefonte.
Bellefonte.
Howard.
Williamsport.
Williamsport.
Medara.
MontoursviUe.
Aaron sburg.
A 1 toon a.
Birmingham.
Birmingham.
Pino (Jrove Mills.
Bellefonte.
Bellefonte.
Williamsport.
Fount Hill.
1
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Jan. 31, 1871
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Sept. 1, 1867
Sept. 1, 1867
Jan. 3, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 17, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Feb. 21,1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 5, 1871
Jan. 5, 1871
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1869
Jan. 3, 1871
Jan. 3, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Aug. 28, 1867
Jan. '20, 1871
Jan. 20, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Feb. 13, 1871
Feb. 21, 1871
Sept. 24, 1870
Sept. -24, 1870
Feb. 21, 1871
Sept. 1. 1869
Feb. 28, 1871
Feb. 21, 1H7I
Feb. 21, 1871
Feb. 21, 1871
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 23, 1871
Jan. 23, 1871
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1809
r/i
s
22
II
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
Lovsville
Lo>sville
White Hall
M'Allisterville
M'hite Hall
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
Cassville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
1
Date ok
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
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Dec. — , 1858
Feb. -, 1860
Aug. 25. 1861
Oct. 7. 1861
Aug. 16, 1858
Oct. 19. 1861
Mar. 25, 1860
Oct. 22. 1856
Jan. 19, 1858
Sept. 30, 1858
Apr. 27, 1859
Sept. 19, 1858
Aug. 19, 1860
July 10, 1861
Oct. 18, 1863
Nov. 18, 1859
July 11, 1860
Mar. 21, 1858
Aug. 25, 1860
June 12, 1862
Jan. 19. 1861
Feb. 5, 1863
Aug. 27, 1863
Oct. 1, 1857
Mar. 10, 1858
Nov. 7, 1858
Aug. -22. 1862
Mar. 6, 1861
Sept. 4, 1857
Feb. 8, 1862
July '28, 1856
Sept. 7, 1859
July 11, 1862
May 9, 1860
June -26, 1857
Aug. 28, 1858
Oct. 29, 1859
June 2i, 1857
Oct. 9. 18,-)9
May 11, 18,59
Mar. 12, 1859
Jnne 13. 1860
May 25, 1861
Nov. 15, 1862
Mar. 26, 1858
Feb. 5, 1860
Jan. 5, 1858
Mar. 25, 1858
May 1, 1859
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JACKSONVILLE ORPHAN SCHOOL.
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PEXXA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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JACKSONVILLE OEPHAN SCHOOL.
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UNIONTOWN SCHOOL.
N the 7th of May, 1866, the Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes,
Superintendent of Common Schools, and to whom the
labor and responsibility of organizing a system of soldiers'
orphan schools had been entrusted, wrote Rev. A. H.
Waters, who had just retired from the school superintendeucy
of Butler county, earnestly requesting him to look out a suitable
location and building for a soldiers' orphan school somewhere in the
western counties of the State not already furnished with a school.
After considerable inquiry and search without success, the efforts
were about to be abandoned, when, by a providential circumstance, it
became necessary for him to visit Fayette county in the discharge of
another duty. Whilst there, his attention was called to the Madison
College buildings, then used only for a small day-school, and owned
by the Hon. Andrew Stewart. Having found Mr. Stewart very
desirous to have the property used for the purpose, and Dr. Bur-
rowes warmly approving of the location, the buildings were secured,
and arrangements made for the opening of the school. On the
19th of September, 1866, the first scholar was admitted, and in a
few days large accessions were made on order and by transfers from
other schools. The first year of the school's history was attended
with m:in y difficulties and discouragements. The want of adaptation
in the buildings, and the great uncertainty of the continuance of the
aystem, made it hazardous to incur any great expense in the erection
of additional buildings. After a year of struggle, the system was
made pcniiancnt, and by the erection of new buildintrs, and changes
ill iIh- olil, i!i- mIi()(,] was placed upon a solid footing- and siaited on a
< ar(N r ,.( (^raiifyiiiti: prosperity. Credit is due to Mr. Stewart for his
<1. vol lull to til'" iiiirivMs ()(' the school. This was shown by his wil-
lingneas to coniiihui." lo the lucrssary changes, and his generous
*'""»r!'""M<)n <.r s<i(M) annually — luing one-half ol" the annual lease
• ;ir<l ■ lo iii.rilorions pu])ils.
All. I Hi ally right yrars of very encouraging success, and when,
32G
UXIOXTOWN SCHOOL. 327
from the nature of the ease, this, as well as all the other schools,
must soon commence its decline, for various reasons it was thought
advisable to change its location. After giving the matter due con-
sideration, and with the consent of the State Superintendent, it was
determined to move to Dunbar's Camp, four miles and a half east of
Uniontown, on the Laurel Hill range of the Allegheny Mountains.
This point was selected on account of location, being indeed
" beautiful for situation," commanding one of the finest natural
scenes to be found in the country; and also, because it was suffi-
ciently removed from the influences of a large town. Accordingly,
in the fall of 1874, work was begun, and in April, 1875, large and
convenient buildings were so far completed as to enable the school to
move into them. The 8th of April was a memorable day in the
history of the school, as on that day it was transferred from the old
home in Uniontown to the new one on Dunbar's Camp. With
wonderful exemption from the accidents of ordinary removals, in a
day the transfer was made to the mountain home. After two years
of exiDerience in the new home, the most sanguine expectations have
been more than realized. The change has been demonstrated to be
a wise one. The children are healthier, have more freedom, and are
happier. They breathe the pure air of an altitude of two thousand
five hundred feet, and drink the pure mountain water. It is claimed
that there is no finer location for a school in the State ; and it is hoped
that when this school shall have finished its noble work, an educa-
tional institution may still be continued in this charming spot.
This is historic ground. Although a reference here to the inci-
dents making it such would seem out of place, yet the general in-
terest and importance will be a sufficient apology. Here one of the
most interesting incidents in the life of Washington occurred. In
1754, when only twenty-two years of age, he crossed these moun-
tains— then a howling wilderness — with three small companies,
and met at this place a party of French soldiers, under the com-
mand of M. de Jumonville. An action occurred, in which Jumouville
and ten of his men were killed and twenty were taken prisoners. The
grave of Jumonville is near the school, and is visited by many persons.
The following year General Braddock arrived from England, with
a large force of well-trained men, for the purpose of taking posses-
sion of Fort Duquesne, where Pittsburgh now stands, and of driving
back the French and Indians.
Washington was invited to become his aid-de-camp; no doubt,
328 PENXA. soldiers' orphan schools.
chiefly because he had already twice crossed these wilds and pene-
trated the boundaries occupied by the French. To transport
Braddock's army, with its cumbersome baggage-wagons and heavy
artillery, across a wild, rocky, and uninhabited mountainous region,
heavily timbered, proved almost a herculean undertaking, and the
army advanced with slow progress, as they were obliged to cut their
way through the dense forest. General Braddock found that he was
not manoeuvring an army upon the broad and open fields of Europe,
and the season was fast passing around. Though his haughty spirit
rebelled against it, he was compelled to seek the advice of Washing-
ton, who suggested an immediate division of the army in order that
he might proceed rapidly with a body of chosen men and light
equipage, whilst the remainder, with the heavy artillery and baggage-
wagons, should follow with slow marches. This suggestion was
adopted. Braddock and Washington pushed forward, whilst Col-
onel Dunbar followed. On the 9th of July, when the advance
force was within a few miles of the fort, marching in high expecta-
tion of its early possession, suddenly, like a clap of thunder in a clear
sky, a deadly fire poured upon them from an unseen enemy, and a
terrible carnage ensued. In vain Braddock sought to rally his men.
The brave and well-trained men could not be rallied to face a shower
of bullets from a hidden foe. At this critical juncture, with the
wildest confusion among the troops, Washington suggested to Brad-
dock to change the mode of warfare and fight the enemy in its own
way. This wise and timely suggestion was indignantly rejected, and
the fearful carnage continued. On every side brave officers and men
fell fast as autumn leaves, to gratify the haughty spirit of Braddock.
At this juncture Braddock himself fell, mortally wounded, and the
advice of Washington was now gladly sought. To save the shattered
remnant of the army, he advised an immediate retreat. The com-
mand having been committed to him, the retreat was conducted with
such masterly skill as to foreshadow him as the future great leader of
the American armies. With the shattered remains of this proud army,
Washington reached this point, and found Dunbar's forces utterly
panic-stricken. The heavy wagons were burned and large quantities
of shells were exploded. Although one hundred and twenty years
have passed since that event, and wagon-loads of shells, etc., have
been sold as old metal, the labor of a little digging is still rewarded
by the discovery of relics of various kinds. Braddock was borne
on the retreat to a point near the present location of this school,
where he died. Here his remains still rest.
UNIONTOWJSr SCHOOL.
329
A legeud exists that on the retreat of Duubar from this encamp-
meut a cannon was filled with gold and buried.
Bona fide requests have been made of the Principal of the school
for the privilege of digging in search of the hidden treasures ; but if
that cannon and gold ever were buried here, there is no doubt that
they were unearthed again not long after the burial.
We give a list of the persons officially connected with this school
from the date of its organization to the present time, viz. :
Kev. D. L. Roth,
Maj. F. I. Thomas,
Mr. Andrew Hook,
Miss Mary Tyler,
" Alice Oliphant,
" Marg't Harbaugh,
" Fannie Dougan,
Mrs. H. C. Waters,
" E. Hill,
Teachers.
Mr. Michael Baker,
Rev. J. P. Benford,
Mr. Hiram Faust,
Miss Olivia Smith,
" Clara Taylor,
" Susan Rugan,
Hon. W. H. Sanner,
Matrons.
Mrs. Lucy Starr,
" M. J. Shott,
Prof J. F. Diveley,
Mr. J. F. Anthony,
Miss Mary Smith,
" Ellie Livengood,
" Jennie Rogers,
Mr. John A. Waters.
Miss Ann Littlewood.
Miss Debora Richards,
" Louisa Richards,
Mrs. Caroline Beabout,
" Susan Collier,
Mr. Wm. Davis,
" John K. Whaley,
" John Rhodes,
Miss M. Dershinger,
" Ellen Flood,
Mrs. Ann Adams,
Miss Annie Brumhead,
Mrs. Mary Johnston,
John Fuller, M. D.
Employees.
Mrs. Rebecca Patton,
Miss Nannie Hart,
Mr. A. C. Hunt,
" John Ingles,
" Evans MeClure,
Mrs. Martha Shannon,
Miss Amanda Culp,
Mrs. Mary Beistel,
" D. Tompkins,
Miss Jennie Clark,
Miss Carrie Murphy,
Mrs. Mary Brown,
Physicians.
W. H. Sturgeon, M. D.,| F. C. Robinson, M. D.
Jas. B. Ewing, M. D.,
Mrs. A. M. Malick,
Mr. D. E. Davis,
" Wm. Murphy,
" H. C. Brown,
" Albert Henry,
Mrs. M. Huttenhower,
Miss Amelia Martin,
Mrs. Ann Core,
Miss Mary Clark,
" Fannie Arnsburg,
Mr. E. Brownfield.
330
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
i
1
Blacksmith by trade.
In Regular army.
Printer.
Carriage-maker.
Farming.
Printer.
BrakemaD.
Farming.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
UOME.
Altoona,
AlUtoua
Blood V Run.
Bloody Run.
New Salem.
Uniontown
Uniontown.
Plcasantvllle.
Washington
CiUiforuia.
Brownsville
Brownsville.
Greensburg
Uniontown
Uniontown.
Monongahela Cy.
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Washington.
Beallsville.
Monongahela Cy.
WashingU)n.
Washington.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Uniontown
Uniontown.
Donegal.
Uniontown.
Brownsville.
Indian Creek.
Indian Creek.
Indian Creek.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Washington.
Washington.
Callensburg.
Hulton.
Allegheny.
Mt. Pleasant.
Mt. Pleasant.
Allegheny.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
North Strabane.
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Nov. 23, 1869
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July 17, 1870
Mar. 22, 1868
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Jan. 20, 1872
Apr. 13, 1870
Oct. 22, 1873
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Date of
Admission
on Order
OR BY
Transfer.
Oct. 3, 1.S66
Oct. 3, ms
J»n. 14. 1867
Jan. 14, 1867
Oct. 2, 1866
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1871
Apr. 7, 1875
Sept. 19. 1866
Oct. 12, 1866
Oct. 3, 1866
Oct. 3. 1866
Oct. 3, 18H6
Nov. 26, 1866
Nov. 26, 1866
June 11, 1869
June 15, 1867
Oct. 3, 1867
Oct. 3, 1867
Oct. 7, 1867
Dec. 7, 1868
Sept. 1, 1869
Sopt. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 15, 1869
Oct. 25. 1869
Apr. 10, 1871
May 2, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 2. 1871
Sept. 20, 1871
Sept. 9, 1872
Sept. 9, 1872
Sept. 9, 1872
Nov. 27, 1872
Nov. 27, 1872
Dec. 18, 1872
June 2, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 5, 1874
Mar. 17, 1875
Mar. 17, 1875
Apr. 4, 1874
Apr. 4, 1874
Mar. 18, 1875
May 18, 1875
May 18, 1875
May 18, 1875
Jan. 20, 1869
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Allen, William H.
Beahnut, Alexander
Bane. James F.
BreckcDridge, William
Bommer, John
Boring. John W.
Boring. Darid S. P.
Boyd, Clark
Brers, Madison E.
Bakehouse, Henry
Bakehouse. John
Beabout, Charies A.
Bovd, Alden
Beabout, Clarence J.
Ball, Charles L.
Brvner, Calvin S.
Beggs, Alfred
Breiner, Charles B.
Beistle, John W.
Beggs, William
Ball, James T.
Blackburn, B. C.
Blackburn, Anthony B.
Blackburn, Joseph E.
Barnes, William
Bamea, Suten
Barnes, Jesse
Braddock, Isaiah
Braddock, Silaa
Rums, James
Bright, Albert R.
Bolton, Joseph Alex.
Brothers. Austin
Brothers. Quincy
Bowser, Fullerton
ills*
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UNIONTOWN soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 331
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Feb. 17, 1873
Oct. 10, 1874
Mar. 25, 1867
July 17, 1870
Oct. 22, 1872
May 1. 1874
Dec. 26, 18«7
Oct. 29. 1874
Oct. 8, 1870
Jan. 23, 1868
May 22, 1868
Aug. 3, 1872
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Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 7, 1869
May 2. 1867
Sept. 4, 1867
June 1. 1867
Sept. 28, 1867
Sept. 5. 1870
Sept. 5, 1870
June 2, 1875
Oct. 8, 1867
Sept. 1. 1870
Sept. 1, 1H70
Sept. 6, 1870
Nov. 11, 1873
Oct. 20, 1874
June 1, 1867
Julv 8. 1875
Jan. 1, 1876
Dec. 3, 1866
Oct. 26, 1867
Jan. 24, 1867
Sept. 18, 1868
nil
Julv 24, 1855
June 15, 1853
Jan. 17, 1857
Sept. 17, 1853
Oct. 5. 1858
Apr. 6. 1854
May 15. 1857
Jan. 12,1859
Apr. 7, 1855
Feb. 12, 1857
Nov. 14, 1859
June 17, 1861
Nov. 10, 1862
Sept. 17, 1856
Feb. 24, 1862
Sept. 3, 1864
Apr. 11, 1862
Sept. U, 1857
Nov. 24, iai8
Aug. — , 1863
Sept. 11, 1861
Nov. 7. 1855
Feb. 15, I8,i7
Oct. 10, 1K58
Mar. 25, 1851
Julv 17, 18.->4
Oct. 22, 1H56
May 1, 1858
Dec. 26, 1851
Apr. 3, 1856
June 5, 1863
Oct. 6, 18(iO
May 22, 1860
Aug. 25, 1862
Oct. 29, 1858
Oct. 8. 18.54
Sept. 12, 1854
Jan. 8, 1856
Jan. 23, 1852
May 22, 1852
Aug. 3, 1856
May 11, 1859
Oct. 2. 1862
May 16, 18.56
Oct. 27, ia59
Aug. 4, 1861
Apr. 2, 1858
Apr. 5, 1862
Dec. 28, 1867
Sept. 6, 1855
Sept. 24, 1S68
May 15, 1860
Jan. 5, 1853
Apr. 30, 185.3
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Jan. 19, 1859
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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Saddle- and harness-
maker by trade.
fReoeivlng outdoor re-
lief, under provisions
i of Sect. 8. Act of 1867.
Rev. D.Harbison, trus-
L tee.
( Readmitted by trans-
5
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3
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Perryopolis.
Jacobs Creek.
K. Bethlehem.
Uniontown.
Sugar Grove.
Mount Pleasant.
Uniontown.
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh.
Monroe.
Donegal.
Donegal.
Hope Church.
Webster.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
M'ebster.
Webster.
Donegal.
Donegal.
Donegal.
Belle Vernon.
Belle Vernon.
Ursin.a.
West Finley.
West Newton.
California.
• Cribbs.
Temperance ville.
Uniontown.
Pittsburgh.
Belle Vernon.
Delmont
Elizabeth town.
Etizabethtown.
Delmont
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Donegal.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
E. Bethlehem.
East Liberty.
Uniontown.
Pittsburgh.
Saltsburg.
Saltsburg.
M.irlin". li". W V
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Beekard. Hugh
Heckard. Franklin
Harding. Cweorge
Hays, John W.
Havs. Henry B.
Hays, Charles C.
Haley, John
Haugbt. Robert M.
Hanghl, Joseph C.
Haley, Andrew C. O.
Ha)«y, George
Hays, John A.
Hays, Je^se
Hays, William H.
Huttenhower, James L.
Huttenhower. Jeremiah
Heimbaagh, Curnel
Hughes, Reaben O.
Howe, Job I.
Hammon, Fred.
Ingraim, Thomas J.
Inks. John H.
Johns, John T.
Jobs. John
Kelly, Thomas P.
Kirkland,. Austin L.
Klrkland, Lemuel
Kelly, Joseph M.
Klsner, William R.
Klsner, Silvester 8.
illlll
UNIONTOWN soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL
333
Moulder.
Printer.
Blacksmith.
Clerk.
J Dranghtsman sod pho-
l tographer.
ill |11l||a1||||llllts!:^!:|s|:|ll|li|||liil|
WashingU.n.
Good Intent.
Washington
Washington.
PittRi.urgh.
Frolericktown.
FrediTicktown.
West Finley.
West Fin lev.
Fountain Mills.
Fountain Mills.
New Richmond.
New Richmond.
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July 12, 1873
May 19, 1867
Apr. 2. 1872
Dec. 23, 1867
June 12, 1866
Apr. 22, 1871
Jan. 31, 1870
Dec. 23, 1872
ii
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Sept. 3, 1871
May 10, 1873
Jan. 27, 1875
Deij'.il.i872"
June 23, 1874
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May 15, 1871
Apr. 15, 1875
Apr. 15. 1875
Dec. 8, 1866
Oct. 3, 1866
Oct. 3, 1866
Oct. 8, 1866
Oct. 2, 1866
Oct. 2, 1866
May 10, 1867
May 22, 1S«7
May 22, 1867
Tiino 1 1»l:7
5, 1869
29, 1869
26, 1869
, 186.;
1, 1869
8, 1871
8,1871
0, 1870
12, 1870
H, 1871
5. 1872
4, 1873
1874
, 1875
, 1875
i, 1875
1, 1874
2, 1875
1866
1866
1. 1870
1, 1867
1,1867
(5, 1870
0,1867
, 1872
9, 1872
3,1867
1, 1869
,1868
1,1869
8, 1871
2, 1871
2, 1871
,1872
, 1872
8, 1874
8, 1874
iiii
Aug. 24, 1857
Sept. 1, 18fX)
June 29, 1866
Mar. 13, 1868
July 12, 1857
May 19, 1851
Apr. 2, 1866
Deo. 23, 1851
June 12, 1850
Apr. 22, 1855
Jan. 31, 1854
Dec. 23, 1856
Jan. 30, 1862
July 16, 1851
May 16, 1853
Apr. 22, 1856
July 2, 1859
Sept. 6. 18.58
Dec. 31, 1856
Apr. 29, 1860
Aug. 12, 18,59
mm
May -25 1864
Apr. 3, 1862
Nov. 6, 1861
Deo. 18, 1864
Aug. 24. 1867
Sept. 22, 1860
Oct. 28, 1859
Oct. 8, 1800
June 21, 1856
Feb. 9, 18,55
Oct. 27, 1858
Apr. 19, 1857
May 10, 18.58
June 25, 1860
Dec. 14, 1856
Feb. 27, 1861
Nov. -26, 1862
Nov. 20, 1855
June 24, 18.58
Aug. 24, 1858
Oct. 27. 18.59
Oct. 3, 1861
Apr. '26, 1862
Mar. 24, 1857
Oct. 9, 1859
Deo. 16, 1860
Oct. '20, 1859
Feb. 14, 1862
May 10, 1
Jan. -27,
Nov. 30,
Deo. 11, 1
June '23.
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Maxwell, John
Maxwell. Daniel W.
Maxwell, Wm. Henry
Montgomery. Robert
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PEXNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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Farmer.
Farmer.
W. Vlr.
W. Vir.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Iik)ME.
Connellsvllle....
CoiinclUville....
Webster.
Senright.
Pittsburgh.
Hillside.
Porterflold.
PorterfleM.
Brownsville.
Up. Middletown
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Spriugfield.
Springfield.
Allegheny.
Allegheny.
Pittsburgh.
Springfield.
Spriugfield.
Browusville.
Masontown.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Myersdale.
Pittsburgh.
Independence,
Independence,
Allegheny.
Allegheny.
Titusville.
Cribbs.
Cribbs.
Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh.
Allegheny City.
Elm.
Allegheny.
Dorceyville.
Dorceyville.
ConnellsviUe.
Lecchburg.
Leechburg.
Allegheny City
Waynesburg.
Waynesburg.
Waynesburg.
N. Washington.
N. W.ashington.
Uniontown.
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Nov. 28, 1870
Sept. 29, 1872
June 22, 1872
Aug. 13, 1868
Oct. 2, 1868
Feb. 28, 1871
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ADM1S.SION
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OR BY
Transfer.
Jan. 11,1867
Jan. 11, 1867
Oct. 19. 1870
Oct. 2, 1866
Oct. 3. 1866
Oct. 2, 1867
Oct. -a. 1»66
Oct. 23, lhrt6
Oct. 29, 1866
Dec. 14. 1866
Dec. 16, 1867
Dec. 16, 1867
Jan. 10, 1867
Jan. 10, 1867
June 1,1867
June I, 1867
Sept. 1. 1869
Sept. 6, 1870
Sept. 6, 1870
Nov. 14, 1866
Aug. 9, 1870
Junel, 1870
June 1, 1870
Sept. 8. 1871
Sept. 26, 1871
Mar. 18, 1873
Mar. 18, 1873
Apr. 3, 1874
Apr. 3, 1874
Jan. 15, 1875
Apr. 26, 1875
Apr. 26, 1876
Oct. 6, 1875
Oct. 9, 1875
Dec. 1, 1875
Nov. 29, 1867
May 28. 1868
Aug. 8, 1870
Aug. 8, 1870
Feb. 5, 1875
Feb. 21, 1876
Feb. 21, 1876
Dec. 1, 1875
Nov. 29, 1866
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1871
Nov. 21, 1866
Nov. 21, 1866
Jan. 25, 1867
11
Ang. 81. 1855
Jan. 28, 1858
Apr. 13. Ih57
Apr. 3, 1856
Deo. 11. 1855
Oct. 2. 1854
May 25, 1852
July 8, 1854
Jan. 8, 1852
Apr. 30, 1855
Nov. 28, 1854
Sept. 29, 1856
June 22, 1856
Ang. 13, 1»52
Oct. 2, 1852
Keb. 28. 1855
Feb. 2. 1860
Apr. 24, 1861
Feb. 5. 1860
Sept. 30, 1854
Aug. 24, 1857
Sept. .SO, 1857
Jan. 10, 1859
May 31, 1861
Sept. 22, 1857
Jan. 22, 1864
Jan. 22, 1864
July 6, 1861
Jan. 5, 1863
June 22, 1862
Feb. 7, 1862
July 14, 1863
Mar. 24, 1861
Sept. 4. 1861
Sept. 12, 1861
July 16, 18.55
Apr. 24, 1858
Mar. 26, 1860
Apr. 23, 1863
June 1, 1861
Feb. 8, 1866
Sept. 15, 1867
Jan. 30, 1873
June 11, 1854
Sept. 26, 1859
Oct. 12, 1861
Jan. 5. 1853
Sept. .SO, 1&S5
Aug. 17, 1851
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335
Died Oct. 17, 18«.
KeadmitUsd,8ept.9,1875.
(Seamstress. Lives with
I her mother.
Lives with her mother.
Died Nov. 11, 1872.
J Expects to take a conne
I at Sagamore S. N. S.
lydffHliiMii liliifiiiiiJIii
California.
California.
MonongahelaCy.
MonoBgahela Cy.
Townville.
Venango.
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Sept. 26. 1867
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept.. 27, 1867
July 8, 1869
July 8, 1869
July 8, 1869
Sept. 8, 1871
Apr. 30, 1867
Jan. 29, 1868
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Jan. 17, 1870
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 1, 1874
Nov. 8, 1874
Nov. 8, 1874
June 2, 1875
July 12, 1875
Sept. 14, 1869
May 20, 1873
Nov. 8, 1870
Nov. 8, 1870
Oct. 3, 1866^
Jan. 10. 1867
Deo. 26, 1868
Jan. 5. 1875
Apr. 7, 1875
Apr. 3, 1874
Oct. 3, 1866
Oct. 3, 1866
Nov. 6, 1866
Oct. 12, 1866
Nov. 26, 1866
./an. 4, 1869
Sept. 8. 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 18, 1871
Sept. 21, 1871
Sept. 21. 1871
Apr. 3, 1874
Oct. 19, 1874
Mar. 17, 1875
Mar. 17. 1875
Sept. 26, 1866
Nov. 14, 1866
Mar. 13, 1867
Mar. 13, 1867
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Apr. 27, 1874
Apr. 27, 1874
Deo. 8, 1874
Dec. 18, 1874
Oct. 24, 1858
July 24, 1860
Nov. 14, 1853
July 25, 1856
Mar. 14, 1860
Oct. 29, 1861
May 7, 1863
Aug. 5, 1854
Apr. 15, 1857
Feb. 13, 1860
Mar. 16, 1858
Oct. 3, 1861
Mar. 15, 1861
Nov. 18, 1869
Feb. 17, 1860
Dec. 15, 18G1
May 12, 1864
Apr. 8, 1860
July 28, 1865
June 16, 1860
Nov. — , 1863
June 12, 1860
June 12, 1860
Deo. 1, 1856
July 13, 1852
Aug. 7, 1859
Juuel, 1861
Nov. 5, 1864
Apr. 15. 1859
Feb. 17, 1852
Jan. 9, 1854
Feb. 12, 1855
Sept. 19, ia-)6
Aug. 27, 1857
Apr. 14, 1-855
June 29, 1860
Sept. 28, 18,57
Sept. 4, 18)8
July 20. 1860
Mar. 13, 1862
May 30, 18,59
Apr. 7. 1861
Nov. 27, 1866
Oct. 12, 1865
May 18, 1853
Oct. 11. 1853
Feb. 28. 18.55 i
June 6 1857
Feb. 12, 18.59
Sept. 30, 1861
Mar. 9, 1860
Mar. 9, 1860
Dec. 13, 1859
Aug. 5, 1860
Walters, John
Walters, James M.
Walters, George W.
Wilson, Frank M.
Wilson, Edwin F.
Wilson, James S.
Wilsoa, Henry H.
Wilgus, Joseph
Waddiugton, Thomas J.
Waddington, John W.
Wall, James 0.
Walls, William M.
Walls, David 0.
Weutzel, Lewis P.
Wilkinson, Charles
Younkin. Harvey
Toder, William N.
Zebley, Andrew 3.
Zebley, Henry C.
its'
Il-
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Anderson, Mary C.
Allen, Tillie
Adams, Sarah E.
Breckenridge, Josephine
Breckenridge, Jennie
Bommer, Catherine
Boring, Alice J.
Bail, Eliza Jane
Beistle, Susannah M.
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Baker, Margaret
Bolton, Mary J.
Bolton, Jennie M.
Campsey, Rebecca
Clark, Marv A.
Cummins, Lillian
Cummins, Gertrude
Connelly, Emma A.
Connelly, Margaret B.
Cady, Caroline
Cady, Margaret
Churchill, Sarah
Clavvson, Eva
336
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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UNIONTOWN soldiers' OKPHAN SCHOOL
337
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S. N. S. one year.
Attended Sagamore
S. N.S. one year.
Expects to take a course
«l Sagamore S.N. S.
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East Liberty.
Uniontown.
Somerset.
East Bethlehem.
Pile Falls
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Oct. 11, 1867
Oct. 15. 1866
Dec. 21. 1866
Aug. 24. 1870
Nov. 8, 1870
Jan. 4, 1871
Sept. 27, 1871
Sept. 27, 1871
Sept. 20, 1866
Sept. 12, 1870
Dec. 8, 1866
May 10, 1867
Sept. 21, 1870
May 10, 1867
Sept. 4, 1873
Jan. 14, 1867
May 22, 1867
Oct. 2, WS
Aug. 26, 1869
Apr. 29. 1872
June 24, 1871
Feb. 18, 1873
Feb. 18, 1873
Sept. 11, 1«73
Nov. -28, 1874
Oct. 9, 1875
Feb. 11, 1H67
Nov. 7, 1867
May 31, 1869
Sept. 2, 1872
Oct. 9. 1873
Oct. 9, 1873
Jan. 5, 1875
Oct. 3, 1867
June 2, 1872
Sept. 8, 1871
Oct. 7, 1874
Oct. 7, 1H74
Dec. 23. I«74
Oct. 3, 1866
Dec. 14. 1866
Dec. 14, 1866
Jan. 22. 1873
Apr. 25. 1.S70
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8. 1871
Oct. 10. 1871
Oct. 10, 1871
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1874
May 10, 1H75
Jan. 15, 1875
Oct. 29. 1866
Sept. 3, 1875
Deo, 1. 1875
Nov. 29, 1867
July 11, 1854
July 9, 1857
Feb. 24, 18.58
Jan. 25, 1857
Jan. 15, 1860
Oct. 18, 1857
May 27, 1861
Dec. 31, 1862
Dec. 6. 1857
Aug. 23, 1861
June 9, 1856 •
Mar. 25, 1856
Jan. 5. 1859
Sept. 26, 1857
Sept. 3, 1859
July 20, 1858
June 21, 1858
Oct. 5. 1853
July 30. 1857
Apr. 6, 1862
June 5, 1860
Apr. 19, 1861
Aug. 27, 1863
Apr. 19. 1859
June 23, 1862
Dec. 13, 1860
Mar. 10, 18.56
Oct. 26, 1858
Feb. 12, 1858
Apr. 19, 1863
Jan. 14, 1860
Aug. 28, 1863
Jan. 23, 1860
Oct. .30, 1857
Sept. 15, 1860
Apr. 10, 1863
Sept. 16. 1860
Mar. 30, 1863
Jan. 18, 1859
Mar. 14, 1858
Apr. 17, 1853
Nov. 25, 1857
Apr. 20, 1860
Nov. 17, 1854
Sept, 15, 1860
Mav 15, 1862
Dec. 24, 1861
Oct. 8. 1859
Apr. 15, 1865
Aug. 16, 1866
Jan. 17, 1861
May 20, 18,59
Oct. 8. is^a
Mav31, 1863
Feb. 12. 1864
May 13, 1853
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PBNNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
REMARKS.
( Attended Saeamore
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Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Elm
Kim.
Elm.
Pile Falla.
Uniontown.
Uniontown.
Leeobburg.
Allegheny.
AUeeheny.
N. Washington.
Broad Ford.
Webster.
Webster.
Waynesburg.
Pile Falls.
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Date op
Admission
ON Order
OR BV
Transfer.
a^w^t 1 lana
Sept. 1, 1870
Oot. 20, 1873
Nov. 23. 1869
Apr. 23, 1872
Sept. 2, 1872
Feb. 21, 1876
Oct. 9, 1875
Oct. 9, 1875
May 18, 1870
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1874
Sept. 8, 1874
May 20, 1873
Nov. 8, 1870
S«pt. 4, 1880
Apr. 19, 1863
Not. 25. 1858
May 8. 1860
Jan. 25, 1885
Mar. 23, 1889
May 14, 1867
Dec. -25. 1868
Oct. 5. 1860
Nov. 16, 1861
Feb. 10, 1864
Jan. 26, 1867
Jan. 17, 1862
Dec. 29, 1857
I
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. .13
St. Paul's Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum.
HIS orphanage is located on Tannehill Street, in the city
of Pittsburgh. It was among the pioneer institutions of
the kind in the western part of the State. It was incor-
porated in 1840. The St. Paul's Male Orphan Asylum,
formerly located in Birmingham, and the St. Paul's Female Orphan
Asylum, formerly situated on Webster Street, were merged into this
institution, and their inmates transferred thither.
The site of this Asylum is most commanding, affording a fine view
of the city, its surroundings, the romantic valleys of the Mononga-
hela, the Allegheny, and the Ohio rivers.
The building now occupied is indeed a grand structure. The
corner-stone was laid on the 10th of June, 1866. It is of a cruci-
form shape, having a front on Tannehill Street of two hundred feet,
with a depth of fifty feet, and a rear extension of eighty feet. The
lower story is constructed of freestone, and the other three of brick
faced with stone. A spacious hall runs longitudinally through the
building on each story. The third and fourth stories are used for
dormitories. The total cost was at least one hundred and sixty
thousand dollars.
Trusting to its own resources, this orphanage received many sol-
diers' orphans before the State had made provision for them. In
1866, there were seventy-six of this class under its care. Subse-
quently all the applications for admission that could be made out
were forwarded to the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, and the
institution reimbursed. The whole number of soldiers* orphans ad-
mitted into this Asylum, whose expenses have been borne by the
State, is twenty-seven.
The household and school are under the direct supervision of
the Sisters of Mercy, to whose humble and unwearied labors many
orphans are deeply indebted.
339
340
PENNA. S0L.DIER8' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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Protestant Orphan Asylum of Pittsburgh and
Allegheny.
HIS institution was founded in the year 1832. An in-
formal meeting of the ladies of the two cities was held at
the residence of the Rev. Joseph Stockton, and, after con-
sideration and discussion, it was decided that " it is expe-
dient to attempt the formation of an asylum for orphans in this vi-
cinity ; " and it was also resolved to hold a public meeting for that
purpose. This meeting was held April 17, 1832, in the First Pres-
byterian Church, Pittsburgh. It was presided over by General Wil-
liam Robinson, Jr. A draft of a constitution was adopted, and a
committee of gentlemen appointed to procure an act of incorporation.
The first Managers were the following ladies, five of whom still sur-
vive, and two of whom are still Managers, Mrs. Denny having been
the President ever since its foundation :
First Directress, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Denny.
Second Directress, Mrs. Martha Page.
Secretary, Mrs. Anna Halsey.
Treasurer, Mrs. Mary Robinson.
Mrs. Eliz'h P. Halsey,
" Eliza Lothrop,
" Margaret George,
" MaryWilkins,
Managers.
Miss Mary Page,
" Marian Cowan,
Mrs. Margaret Bruce,
" Eliz'h Tiernan,
Mrs. Susan K. Wade,
" Hannah Higby,
Miss Mary Herron,
" Mary A. S. Baird.
Committees of gentlemen and ladies went through the cities col-
lecting donations, and, on the 27th of June, a house was rented, a
341
342 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
matron provided, and the Asylum was opened with two orphan chil-
dren as inmates.
In August, 1836, General Robinson presented a lot, on Webster
Street, Allegheny, to the Asylum ; and after many difficulties were
encountered and obstacles overcome, a new house was occupied in
the spring of 1838. Here the family of orphans remained until,
during the war, they became so numerous that they were obliged to
seek larger accommodations. Mr. Charles Brewer, who died in 1860,
left a bequest of fifteen thousand dollars for a new house, and also a
share in his residuary estate, which proved to be very valuable. Mr.
William Holmes, of Pittsburgh, attended to the investment of this
legacy, and added to it his own large subscription and that of his
friends, so that the building, whose erection he superintended, was
free of debt when occupied in November, 1866.
The Asylum building, located in Allegheny City, is of brick, two
stories and a half high, with good basement ; it is one hundred and
fifty-five feet long by fifty -five feet wide, and stands in a lot two hundred
and fifty by two hundred and eighty-six feet, bounded on three sides
by Ridge, Grant, and Lincoln Avenues. Its cost, including furniture
and grading of grounds, was about sixty-four thousand dollars.
About three hundred persons can be accommodated in it. The
largest number has been two hundred and sixty, including officers
and employees.
Since the State undertook the support of the soldiers' orphans, this
Asylum has had under its charge about two hundred and sixty of
these children, at one time one hundred and fifty being inmates.
The Asylum is supported by the income derived from investments
and by contributions. It has received but four thousand dollars from
the State, except the money paid for the support of soldiers' orphans.
There are now under its care one hundred and ninety children, about
two thousand two hundred having been sheltered by it since its first
organization.
The following is a list of Managers, officers, and employees :
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
President.
Mrs. Elizabeth F. Denny, 114 Penn Avenue.
Vice-President.
Mrs. Mary Wilkins, 1 Fourth Avenue.
ASYLUM OF PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY. 343
Treasurer.
Mrs. H. B. Logan, 52 Wood Street.
Secretary.
Mrs. Lois J. Campbell, 75 Wood Street.
Mrs. Mary J. Hays,
" Harvey Childs,
" Letitia Holmes,
" W. Van Kirk,
Miss H. S. Lotbrop,
" Amelia Verner,
Mrs. Mary A. Murray,
" Eliz'b McKnight,
" Samuel Lowrie,
" Mary H. Brunot,
Miss M. H. Smitb,
Mrs. A. C. Kay,
Matron.
Mrs. E. McKelvey.
Assistant Matron.
Miss E. P. Hervey;
Principal Teacher.
Miss M. Wallace.
Primary Teacher.
Miss M. McKelvey.
Superintendent of Nursery.
Mrs. Walsh.
Hospital Nurse.
Miss M. McMarlen.
Physician.
Oliver Laird Miller, M. D.
Miss Jane Holmes,
" E. P. Albree,
Mrs. James Speer,
Miss S. Garrison,
Mrs. MuUins.
PENXA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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Oct. 14, 1860
Sept. 23. 1859
Nov. 7. 1858
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Ang. 24, 1859
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Nov. 16, 1860
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ASYLUM OF PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY. 345
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346
PENXA. SOLPIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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ASYLUM OF PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY. 34j7
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348
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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CHURCH HOME ASSOCIATION,
HIS institution, located in Pittsburgh, was originally or-
ganized as a home for aged members of the Episcopal
Church ; but, after a time, its charities were so extended
as to include the young.
It was incorporated in 1859, and opened in the following April.
From this period until April, 1862, it occupied a rented house,
from which it was removed to its present location in the vicinity
of Lawrenceville, now within the limits of the city of Pittsburgh,
and previously known as "Locust Grove Seminary." This prop-
erty was afterwards purchased, and conveyed to the Board of
Trustees, at a cost of about sixteen thousand dollars. The funds
were obtained by private contributions. During the first year of its
operations, nineteen needy persons were received — seven adults and
twelve children ; and by the fourth annual meeting the number had
increased to thirty-one — six adults and twenty-five children.
Soon after Dr. Burrowes was appointed State Superintendent of
Soldiers' Orphans, he made arrangements with its Board of Man-
agers to receive a small number of the more juvenile children under
his charge. The first arrival of these orphans was on the twenty-
fifth day of September, 1865. From that date, the institution con-
tinued to admit, from time to time, children on the order of the
Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, until the fall of 1873, when all
the " wards of the State " were transferred to schools established
solely for the children of deceased soldiers, where they could enjoy
better educational and other facilities than could be afforded at a
charitable institution. The whole number of soldiers' orphans ad-
mitted into the Church Home and supported by the State was forty-
three.
349
350
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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WHITE HALL SCHOOL.
HIS school is pleasantly located at Camp Hill, Cumberland
county, near the White Hill station, on the Cumberland
Valley Railway, three miles west of Harrisburg.
The original building was formerly used as an academy,
of which Professor David Denlinger was, for many years. Principal ;
but upon the organization of the soldiers' orphan system, he, obtain-
ing a contract from the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, closed
his academy, and in May, 1866, opened a school for the children of
deceased soldiers. The building was old, small, and inconvenient,
and unsuitable for a school of this kind. As a natural result,
typhoid fever prevailed to an alarming extent in the fall of 1867,
and quite a number of deaths occurred. Professor Denlinger being
unwilling to make the necessary improvements, and preferring another
sphere of activity to his present occupation, sold the property to
Messrs. Frederic E. Dum and Major J. A. Moore, who took posses-
sion on the 1st of November, 1867. Major Moore assumed the
principalship of the school, while Mr. Dum acted as steward. Under
the new management, a favorable change was speedily brought about.
The house was renovated, stagnant water was removed from the
cellar, and the domitories and their furniture went through a process
of purification. System took the place of confusion, and the children
presented an improved and cheerful aspect. During the summer
vacation of 1868, a new building was put up, and the accommoda-
tions otherwise enlarged, and many conveniences added. The school,
which, under its former head, had never been large, now began to
increase, and, as the wants of the school required, improvements
were from time to time made. With increased efficiency, the insti-
tution gained a place in the confidence of the public.
351
352
PEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Mr. Dum remained with the school until- the 12th of March, ISTvO,
when he sold his interest to Mr. Amos Smith and Mr. John Dum.
Major Moore, on the 1st of March, 1875, resigned his position as
Principal, after having served in that capacity for seven and a half
years. Mr. John Dum and Mr. Amos Smith now became, and are
still, the Proprietors of the school — the former discharging the duties
of Principal, and the latter those of a steward.
White Hall has justly gained an enviable reputation for its superior
educational facilities. Its teachers have been noted for their effi-
ciency, their fidelity, and remarkable success. A large proportion
of the orphans who have been trained here, have gone forth from its
walls well grounded in all the studies of a good English education.
There are connected with the buildings separate yards for boys and
girls during play-hours. Also, a small farm, upon which sufficient
vegetables are raised to meet the demands of the school.
At its beginning, this school was made up chiefly by transfers from
other schools, principally from McAlisterville and Cassville ; and up
to January 1, 1876, there have been three hundred and fifty-five ad-
mitted on order, and two hundred and seventy-nine by transfer,
making a total of six hundred and thirty-four.
The persons officially employed during the entire period of the
school's existence are as follows :
A. W. Nichols, M.D
Prof. A. G. Owen,
Pbincipal Teachers.
Prof. C. C. Hughes, Prof. W. Scott Alexander,
Prof. Z. B. Taylor.
Capt. J. B. Landis,
" J. G. Vale,
Prof. M. G. Marple,
Mr. S. P. Statnbaugh,
Miss Surah Lamb,
" Maggie Backwater,
" Alice Conrad,
" Mary A. Hughes,
Assistant Teachers.
Mr. Wm. Ross,
" Christian B. Engle,
" John C. Nesbit,
Miss — : I^onard,
" Maggie Garrison,
" Mary Hippie,
" Lillie G. Moore,
" Ella M. Heller,
Mr. A. B. Martin,
" J. Gable,
" C.Snyder,
Miss Garrie Stambaugh,
" Fannie Hess,
" Jennie Russell,
" E. S. Waggoner,
" Emma R. Lefever.
Superintendents of Boys
Capt. John A. Bell,
Mr. Edw. M. Newman,
" M. A. Butlerfield,
Mr. A. B. Martin,
" E. S.Walker,
" J. R. Runyan,
Mr. John O. Smith,
Capt. E. L. Reber,
Mr. Wm. H. Kacy.
WHITE HALL SCHOOL.
353
Matrons.
Mrs. Mary Riipp, Mrs. Mary Stephenson, Mrs. Mary A. Drinkwater,
Mrs. Rebecca Grabill.
Mrs. S. A. Rea.
Miss Maggie Atchley,
Mrs. E. Michael
Assistant Matrons.
Miss Jennie Gates, Miss Carrie Barnes,
Mrs. Sallie M. Auker.
Seamstresses.
Mrs. Mary Miles, Mrs. Mary A. Beaverson, Mrs. B. Grabill,
Mrs. Maggie Mutch, Mrs. Agnes Umberger.
Dining-Room Attendants.
Mrs. E. Mohler,
" Sarah Leggett,
Miss Sallie Bretz,
" Annie French,
" Emma Overdeer,
Mrs. Margaret Myers,
Mrs. Jane Orwine,
" Ann Leslie,
Miss Jennie Gates,
" Annie Kline,
** Jennie Ray,
Miss Mary Hoover.
Laundresses.
Mrs. Elizabeth Noel,
Mary Howecker, | Miss Katie Dean,
Baker.
Mr. Lucius C. Wox.
Mrs. Annie Swartz,
Miss Lizzie Hoover,
" Amanda Hoover,
" Emily Simpson,
" Jennie Loy,
Mrs. Barbaria Rice,
Miss Hettie Keiffer.
Mr. Joseph Woods,
Farmers.
Mr. John Wolf,
Mr. Philip Daily,
Mr. Amos Hurst,
Mr. Christian Bowman.
Mr. Edwin Noel,
Watchmen.
Mr. Amos Hurst,
Mr. J. Sowers.
Mr. Joseph Howecker,
Physicians.
A. W. Nichols, M. D.,
J. D. Bowman, M. D.,
C. W. Moore, M. D.,
John Cresswell, M. D.
354
PENNA. SOLDIEPvS' OPPIIAN SCHOOLS.
. . .to. .?
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WHITE HALL SOLDIERS*' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 355
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356
PEXXA. SOLDIERS' OrwPIIA^J SCHOOLS,
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WHITE HALL SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 357
At home.
Learning saddler's trade.
Laborer.
Oone west.
Learning printer's trade.
Laborer.
Carpenter. ,
Laborer.
Farming.
Farming.
Learning tinner's trade.
Laborer.
Miner.
Still going to school.
Farming.
Farming.
Farming.
Learn'g blacltsm'h trade.
(Salesman in a whole-
\ sale house. .
: PPP : : : : : : :::::: :
Illl^Slliliillllllllllalllillll^liilslllllllJ
Juniata.
Gratziown
Alum Bank
Duncansville....
Duncansville.
Duncansville.
Barry.
Philadelphia....
Newville.
Newville.
Gettysburg.
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Nov. 3, 1860
May 26, 1862
Oct. 5, 1863
June 30, 1862
July 7, 1859
Feb. 25, 1861
Deo. 18, 1859
Jan. 8, 1860
Mav 6. 1864
Nov. 18, 1863
Sept. 24, 1861
Sept. 24 1861
Aug. 7, 1864
June 4. 1862
Jan. 10, 1866
Jan. 2i, 1864
Mar. 3, 1866
Sept. 3, 1867
Jan. 20, 1862
Mar. 10, 18.56
July 2, 1860
July 9, 1862
Apr. 12, 1855
June 6, 1861
May 18, 1856
Dec. 17, 1861
Oct. 30, 1858
,\jig. 1, 1857
dIc. 4, 1854
Dec. '20, 1853
Jan. 3, 1851
Apr. 17. I860
Oct. 6, 1861
Sept. 2, 18,53
Sept. 11, 1853
Jan. 22, 1861
May 20, 1858
Vov. 20, 1859
Jan. 3, 1857
Feb. 16, 1859
Apr. 5, 1854
Nov. 4, 1863
July 22, 1867
Feb. H, 18H9
Nov. 4, 1861
Mar. 6, 1863
Mar. 27, 1855
Mar. 26, 18.56
Mav 24, 18.58
MaV 22, 1860
An?. 15, 1863
Oct. 5, 18.59
Sept. 18, 1852
Aug. 19, 1860
Jan. 16, 1863
Feb. 24, 1862
nn
ii
Heludle, Daniel W.
Huff, James C.
Hawk, Joseph M.
Hoffman, John T.
Hoffman, Randall B.
Harmon, George M.
Hughes, John E.
Huff, William .^
Hummer, Amos G.
Hosier, Henry
Hosier, Edward
Bollinger, George M.
Jarrett, Isaac P.
3 D..2
c
1
ii.
iff
IM.
is i|
Kelly, James A.
Koons, John
Koons, David C.
Koons, James G.
Knipe, Albert F.
Krall, Peter I.
Kleckner, Stephen A.
Klcckner, William G.
Kemball, Peter W.
Keffer, William T.
Keiffer, Clarence N.
Keiffer, Valentine 0.
Kerr, Jon.ion I.
Lentz, Jonathan
Layton, William
Lindsey, Emment N.
Lindsey, Tolbert T.
Lindsey, James M.
Levy, George W.
I-ev. William
Lawyer, Samuel T.
Lawyer, Charles O.
Little, George B.
358
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
REMARKS.
Farming.
Farming.
Farming.
Laborer.
Laborer.
Died March 20th, 1873.
(En.plovedinR.R.shops
i (gi $;!5 per mouth.
} Clerking in ■» store @
\ $16 per month.
liaborer.
Farming.
Died Dec. 16, 1867.
Farming.
Laborer.
C Clerking @ $300 per
\ year.
Died Nov. 22d, 1872.
Gone to Wisconsin.
Gone to Wisconsin.
Farming.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Mechanicsburg.
Mechanicsburg..
Mechanicsburg.
Highspire
Highspire.......
Moorsburg.
Forks.
Harrisburg.
Carlisle.
Coffee Run.
Coffee Itun.
Euterline.
Harrisburg.
Alum Bunk.
Bedford
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Lancaster Ho.
Lancaster Ho.
MAllisterville
MIAllisterville
'orangeville "
Lancaster Ho.
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Date of
Admission
ON Order
ORBY
Transfer.
Sept. 8. 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Apr. 3, 1872
Sept. 12, 1871
Sept. 12, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
Nov. 20, 1873
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 21, 1874
Mar. 27. 1875
Mar. 27, 187.i
Sept. 1, 1868
June 8, 1871
July 3, 1866
Jan. 2, 1872
Jan. 2, 1872
Jan. 2. 1872
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 17, 1866
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 15, 1866
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 2. 1867
June 2, 1867
June 1,1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1,1870
Sept. 17, 1868
Apr. 23, 1868
Apr. 23, 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1,1870
June 8, 1871
Oct. 6, 1871
Mar. 11, 1872
May 4, 1872
May 4, 1872
June 21, 1872
Sept. 8, 1872
June 1,1868
June], 1868
Oct. 17, 1872
Apr. 14, 1873
Apr. 14, 1873
Mar. 2, 1874
iiii§iiiiiiiliiiiiiiii§lliiiiSii§iliii|iiiiiiii|i
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Marshall. Charles W.
Marshall. William H.
Michael, Georee D.
McConnellv, William A.
Michael, Henry M.
Michael, Jacob T.
Mosser, Jacob F.
Musser, Charles S.
Musser, John W.
Mosser, Harry
Myers, William C.
Mvers, Anson B.
McConnell. George W.
Miller, M-illiam H.
Miller, Frederick
Miller, John L.
Miller, Jacob
Morgan, David R.
Morgan, Samuel R.
i
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Moser, Hillery
Mull, .Samuel
Mull, John
Miles, James R. M.
ill
99X
S2
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S3
WHITE HALL SOLDIERS* ORPHAN SCHOOL. 359
Farming.
At home.
Gone to Kansas.
Gone to Kaasmi.
Laborer.
Laborer.
Farming.
Farming.
Married.
C Attending school at
I home.
t At Bloomsburg S. N. S.
I one term.
Cigar-maker.
Died Oct. 9th, 1874.
Emplored in nail facfy.
RmploVed in nail facfy.
Forger.
Nailer.
5 AtMillersvilleS. N.S.
} one term. Teacher.
Carpenter.
1-2
•5":
Newport.
Spring Meadow.
Harriiburg.
Etters.
Danville.
ClearUeld.
Two Taverns....
Two Taverns....
>ssna Station.
Cessna Slotiou.
Bedford.
Bhamokin.
Arndtzville.
AmdtJiville.
Hughes.
New Oxford
New Oxford
Houstonville....
Houstonville....
Houstonville.
Lewisburg
Harrisburg.
Harrishurg.
.■iverpool.
Liverpool.
Liverpool.
Dickens.
Dickens.
Dicken.i.
Donnelly's Mills.
Baxton.
Danville
Danville
larrisburg.
Pittsburg.
Pittsburg.
Bloomsburg.
Bedford.
^ower.
^ower.
Oresson.
Lewisburg
>wi«burg
Harrisburg
Harrisburg
West Fairview..
West Fairview..
Lewisburg
West Fairview.
New ville
NewTille.
Newvllle.
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Oct. 20, 1871
Nov. 11,1873
Sept. 7, 1872
July 3, 1874
Nov. 22, 1870
il
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Cassville
M'Allisterville
Paradise
York
. . » • • •
• ' o^ * ■ '
• • fe^ *• • •
: >'^ • : •
Loysville
M'Allisterville
i i 55
i iflll
Cassville
Cassville
Mou'n'tjoy "
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Apr. 27. 1874
Mav 1, 1874
May 1, 1874
May 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Apr. 20, 1875
Sept. 14. 1866
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3. 1875
Sept. 10, 1875
Oct. 1 , 1867
Oct. 1, 1867
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
June -25, 1866
Apr. 24, 1874
Oct. 9, 1874
Oct. 9. 1874
Apr, 18. 1871
May '26, 1866
Sept. 18, 1866
Apr. 20, 1869
Apr. 20, 1869
Apr. 20 1869
June 1, 1868
Apr. 7, 1873
Apr. 7, 1873
Sept. 1,1869
Sept. 18, 1H66.
Sept. 18, 1H66
Mar. 1. 1871
Mar. 6, 1871
Mar. 4, 1872
Sept. 18, 1866
May 18, 1874
Junel, 1868
Sept. 17, 1868
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Junel, 1868
Mar. 30, 1873
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Apr. *20, 1875
Sept. 14, 1,S(J6
Sept. 14, mi6
Sept. 14, 18<!6
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1869
Aug. 6, 1865
Apr. 23, 1860
Aug. 12, 1861
Mar. 25, 1864
Dec. '23, 1864
June '25, 1864
Sept. '26, 1851
Feb. '27, IHKi
June 9, 1862
July 16, 18(i2
Oct. 2. 18.^5
Sept. 13, 1858
June 14, 1862
July 30, 18*i7
Mar. 7, 18.i5
Mar. 3, 1861
Apr. 22, 1863
Nov. 14, 1865
Oct. 14, 1861
Apr. 4, 1857
Feb. 19, 1855
June 14, 1856
Oct. 26. 1857
Mar. 5, 1861
May 9. 1853
Aug. 17, 18,i9
Mav 23, 1863
Mar. 7, 1859
Sept. '28, 1853
Apr. 12, 1S57
Nov. 9. 18.i8
Oct. 21 , 1860
Sept. 9. 1362
Feb. 14, 18.>8
Mar. 21, 1862
July 7. 1857
Mar. 9, 1855
Oct. 2, 1861
Feb. 26, 1864
Nov. 29, 1865
June 12, 1855
Mar. 28, 1864
Aug. 22, 1860
Jan. 14, 1863
Aug. 6, 1864
July 4, 18,i3
May '20, 1857
Oct. 20, 18.55
Nov. a, 1857
Sept. 7, 18.^)6
July 3, 1858
Nov. 22, 1854
Deo. 19, 1861
Mar. 2, 1854
Mar. 14, 1858
Nov. 5, 1860
Mitchell, William A.
Marlin, Harry B.
Marlin, George W.
Marlin. William
Morrison, William S.
Mack, Kdwiu E.
McNaughton, James M.
Mausparger, Sherman
Millard, John H.
McCuUough, Roy
Newman, Edward M.
Newman, Harry C.
Nelson, Charles C.
Nelson, Burton E.
Orris, Benjamin F.
Osman, Franklin
Oruer, Harrv Mo
Orner, John" A.
O'Brien, Martin
Pheiller, John Q. A.
Pheiffor, Samuel
Parker, Clayd M.
Parker, Leonard
Parker, James D.
Reed, Peter W.
Ricedorff, John L.
Reed, George B. McC.
Rishel, John C. F.
Rishel, James P.
Rodabaugh, Harry E.
Rodgers, Charles
Rodgers, Amos
Reichenditfer, James L.
Roby, Joseph G.
Robbins, Joseph
Robbins, Jesse
Ramsey, Robert V.
Shanley, Henry
Shanley, William
Simmers, Abram P.
Simmers, ,Tohn E.
Smith, William B.
Siuitli, George
Shanley, Robert N.
Smith, Fred. R.
Stum, James M.
Stum, William A.
Stum, Morris A.
i
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TEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
<
Tinsmith.
Laborer.
Laborer.
Printer.
At borne.
Clerk in grocery.
Clerk in book-store.
Laborer.
Laborer.
Farming.
Cigar-maker.
Laborer.
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Mount Joy
Mount Joy
LaucHstcr Ho.
Laucaster Ho.
York Home
York Home
York Home
Lancaster Ho.
LHnGH..stpr Ho.
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Wilisesbarre
Wilkesbarre
York Home
York Home
York Home
Andersonburg
Date of
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
TrajJsfer.
mmumimimiMUMMimmiMimM
Aug. 5, 18.%
Sept. 14, 1856
Aug. .11, li>a3
Apr. 24, 1&>7
Dec. 28. 18.56
Apr. 4, 1859
Jau. 25, 1860
Mar. 10, 1862
Mar. 8, 1857
Feb. 26, 1859
June 8. 1859
Jan. 1.1860
Oct. 26, 1859
Juae 16, 1863
Jan. 12, 1865
Dec. 11,1858
May 7, 1861
July 14, 1863
Aug. 4, 1866
Oct. 11. 1861
Nov. 15, 1858
Sept. 3, 1859
July 7, 1861
June 19, 1857
Feb. 10, 1862
July 8, 1&57
Jan. 28, 1858
July 22. 1864
Aug. 15, 1858
Jan. 20, 1856
Mar. 19, 1855
Feb. 18, 1860
Feb. 1, 1862
July 23, 1863
Mav 6, 1861
June 1. 1863
May 13, 1863
July 11, 1861
June 18. 1862
Oct. 3, 1862
Sept. 4, 1864
Feb. 10. 1854
Mar. 20, 1862
Sppt. 15, 1858
Jnne20 1860
Nov. «, IK60
Mar. 7, 1862
Ang. 7, 1863
Aug. 20, 1859
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Smith, Samuel A.
Smith, Morris
Sullivan, James A.
Shaizer, Charles M.
Sbatzer, William U.
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Shuttleworth, Theodore
Stoner, Merrick
Shatto, George
Schreckcngast. Sam'l W.
Schreckengaat, Chaa. T.
Smith, Charles K.
Simpson, William
Simpson, Robert
ShedroB, William P.
Sanders, Charle.s J.
Smeltzer, John
Schaddle, John
Spidel, Espey
Shultz, Jaoob E. E.
Smith, Miller S.
Salterly. Brittian W.
Trott, Andrew D.
Turner, William G.
Tovey, Oeorije W.
Tovev, Edmund
Te«t,'Wlllinni H.
Thomas, Wn. H. H.
Thomas. Achesoo
Taylor, Bdward T.
WHITE HALL SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 361
Oone to lowa.
Printer. Died in 1874.
Farming.
Clerk, and doing well.
Huckstering.
Working in cotton mill.
Printer.
Telegraph operator.
Farming.
5 Meswnper to Y. M. C.
) A. Rooms, Harriaburg.
FannioK.
At home.
At home.'
At home.
At home.
At home.
At home.
At home.
At home.
At home.
Married.
At home.
At homo.
MarrlPd.
Married.
At home.
Lives with aunt.
( Attending Shippens-
\ burg S. N. S.
Seam.stress.
Died June 24th, 1872.
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Dec. 20, 1872
Sept. 16, 1871
Feb. 13, 1874
Feb. 3, 1872
Hay 11, 1869
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OoC 8, 1872
Jan. 4. 1875
Deo. 24. 1869
Feb. 22. 1871
Nor. 26, 187S
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Jan. 24. 1873
Mar. 17. 1871
Apr. 7. 18«S
Nov. 7, 1867
Feb. 14, 1874
Apr. 24, 1871
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Mount Joy
Mount Joy
York Home
York Home
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June 15, 1874
Sept. 25, 1866
June 11, 18(«5
Sept. 3, 1866
Sept. 15, 1866
Sept. 3, 1867
Nov. 6, 1866
Sept. 8, 1871
Mar. 1, 1869
Sept. 8, 1871
June 1, 1869
June 1, 1869
Feb. 16, 1872
Feb. 16. 1872
Aug. 25, 1868
June 1, 1868
May 26. 1868
Feb. 16, 1872
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 10, 1866
Sept. 10, 1866
Oct. 6, 1866
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
May 1, 1869
Sept. 12, 1866
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 15, 18(J6
Sept. 1, 1H69
May 10, 1875
Sept. 1,1874
Apr. 8, 1874
Nov. 25, 1873
June 16, 1S71
July 3, 1866
June 1, 1868
Sept. 3, 1866
Nov. 1, 1867
Sept. 17. 1H66
Sept. 10, 1867
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 8. 1K71
Oct. 24, 18';6
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 15, 1866
Deo. 1, 1868
Jan. 9, 1867
Jan. 9, 1867
Oct. 4, 1871
Mfiv 15. 1862
Sept. 10, 1868
Apr. 9, 1856
Dec. 20, 1856
Sept. 16, 1855
Feb. 13. 1858
Feb. 3, 1856
May 11, 1853
Nov. 3, 1861
June 14, 1859
Oct. 17, 1860
Dec. 18. 1857
Oct. 6, 1855
Apr. 21, 1857
Feb. 2, 1861
Feb. 23, 1854
Mar. 13, 1863
Mar. 9, 1858
Apr. 24, 1863
Apr. 5, 1864
June 24, 1866
Nov. 1, 1854
Nov. 19, 1855
Dec. *27, 1851
Nov. 12, 1857
June 7, 1862
Mar. 16. 1864
Jan. 24, 1861
Oct. 8, 1856
Jan. 4. 1859
Deo. 24, 1853
Feb. 22, 1855
Nov. 26, 1857
Sept. 12, 1859
June 7. 1866
Feb. 28, 1863
Oct. 10, 1862
Jan. 28, 1864
Apr. 6, 1858
Oct. 14, 1855
Aug. 16, 18.55
Oct. 22, 1852
Jan. 24, 1857
Mar. 12, 18.55
Apr. 7. 1853
Nov. 7. 1851
Feb. 14. 1858
Apr. 24, 1855
Jan. 22, 1860
Nov. 14, 1857
July 6. 1859
Sept. 17, 18.55
Apr. 20, 1857
Mar. 9, 1860
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PEXXA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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WHITE HALL SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 3G5
(Married Mr. Hague, a
■ graduate of Lewisburg
At home.
Married to Geo. Hucker.
Died after leaving school.
Married.
Mautua maker.
Mantua maker.
Married to Mr. Shank.
At home.
( A tteudiug Bloomsburg
At home.'
Removed to Iowa.
Removed to Iowa.
At home.
At home.
Married to John Maiion.
Working in ootton-miU.
Married.
Married.
At home.
At home.
Died Ueo. IS, 1868.
1
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Greeucastle.
Greeucastle.
Harrisburg
Harrisburg.
West Fairview..
Newberry.
Salona.
West Fairview..
Harrisburg
Harrisburg
Harrisburg
Lykeus
Lewisburg
Lewisburg.
Harrisburg
Harrisburg.
Mercersburg.
GreencasUe.
Carlisle.
Saxton.
Newville.
Sax ton.
Saxton.
Harrisburg.
Danville.
York
York.
Danville
York.
Wenksville
I.isburn
Philadelphia....
Linglestowu.
Carlisle.
Cariisle.
Renvenue.
Duncannon
Duncaunon.
Dnncannon.
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Simmeis, Marion M.
Simmers, Eliza A.
Smith, Amanda
Smith, Maggie J.
Smith, Mary C.
Stephenson, Martha J.
Shepler, Alice A.
Simpson, Emily
Sheffler, Ellen
Suydara. Bella H.
Suydani. Margaret D.
Steele, Clara E.
Steel, Anna C.
Shatzer, Emma C.
Shatto, Laura A.
Syling, Anna R.
Swartz, Nannie B.
Shedron, Emma S.
Shedron, Sarah A.
Smith, Josephine M.
Turner, B. Catherine
Trott, Mary A.
Trott, Christina
Test, Ida J.
Test, Mary A.
Trumbower, Nora
Welsh, Carrie H.
Wyant, Sarah B.
Walker, Maria L.
Wise, Betsey M. 0.
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THE OEPHANS' HOME, GERMANTOWN.
HE original house was furnished and occupied March 12,
1859, although the Home was not chartered until June
4, 1860.
The first child was received on March 18, six days after
the formal opening of the house : and from that small beginning the
family gradually increased, until the original quarters were found
too small to accommodate all the applicants.
Within six months from the commencement, it was found necessary
to purchase a neighboring property of seven acres, with increased
accommodations, where the institution has been located ever since.
In December, 1860, Rev. J. Schladermundt was elected Superin-
tendent of the Home, and continued until Easter, 1863. In the
month of November, 1874, Rev. Schladermundt died at the Emi-
grantenhaus. New York. He was succeeded as "house-father by Rev.
Charles Witmer, who continued in charge until March, 1864, a terra
of one year, and was in turn succeeded by Rev. C Rondthaler, who,
after but one month's services, was superseded by Rev. Henry Wendt,
on November 1, 1864.
On November 8, 1867, Mr. John K. Heyl was chosen Superin-
tendent, and continued to serve very efficiently until September,
1868, when he resigned the position.
For the sake of economy, and because of the impossibility of pro-
curing a suitable male Superintendent, the Home was for several
years under the charge of the Matron, previous to the transfer of
the institution and property to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania.
The Trustees appointed by Synod, met for the first time on July 1,
1872. On August 24, 1872, Rev. G, F. Gardner was elected Super-
intendent; but it was not until January 6, 1873, that he was duly
installed in office, and has ever since continued to do most faithful
service, and the institution is now in a high degree of prosperity
under his management
3G6
On April 29, 1862, the corner-stone of a new building was laid,
and was completed September 18, 1863, and -put into immediate use
as a school-house, and subsequently as a printing-office and factory.
The rapid increase of inmates made necessary the erection of a
larger main building, the corner-stone of which was laid July 24,
1865, and completed at a cost of about twenty-five thousand dollars ;
the means of paying which was provided mainly by a fair, held Oc-
tober 31, 1869, at Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, and was so liber-
ally patronized that twenty-one thousand five hundred dollars of the
above expenses were realized during the space of two weeks.
Of the original corporators of the institution, but one — Lewis L.
Houpt — has continued in connection with it until the present time,
having served the Home as Secretary from the beginning of its his-
tory, January 4, 1860, a period of more than sixteen years.
The Presidents of the Board of Trustees have been as follows :
1. Lewis Bremer, elected June 4, 1860, and died March 6, 1866.
2. He was succeeded by William L. Schaeffer, who resigned in
July, 1867.
3. Frederick Staake, who was elected Trustee in March, 1863, and
President in July, 1867. He continued in office until October 5,
1868, when he resigned. He departed this life on Oct. 31, 1874.
4. Paul P. Keller succeeded Mr. Staake, in October, 1868, and
continued to preside over the institution until the property was trans-
ferred to the Synod, and a new Board of Trustees appointed by it,
in June, 1872.
5. Daniel M. Fox, elected Trustee in June, 1872, and chosen
President of the Board at its first meeting. He still remains at the
head of the institution.
There have been but two Treasurers since the organization of the
Home, viz. : George Ashmead, who served until the Home became
the property of Synod, in 1872, at which time John C. File was
elected Treasurer of the new Board, and has ever since given effi-
cient service in that capacity. Mr. Ashmead continued to be a warm
friend of the Home up to the time of his death, February 3, 1875.
Up to the present time, 361 children have been admitted into the
Home, of whom 111 were soldiers' orphans, of which class only four
now remain.
Superintendent and House-Father, Kev. G. F. Gardner.
Matron, Mrs. G. F. Gardner.
Teacher, Prof. T. W. Bennett.
368
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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Apr. 15, 1868
Mar. 1, 1869
Apr. 1, 1868
Mar. 1, V869
Mar. 1, 1869
Mar. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Sept. 13, 1866
Oct. 19, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 13, 1866
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Mar. 1, 1869
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Apr. 15, 1868
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Julv 5, IB65
Oct. 14. 1865
Sept. 28, 1865
Sept. I, 1H66
Sept. 12. 1865
Nov. 15, 1866
July II, 1866
Oct. 5, 1865
Oct. 5, 1865
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Mar. 31, 1865
Sept. 7, 1865
July 24, 1865
Nov. 22, 1865
Nov. 22, 1865
Sept. '26, 1866
July -24, 1865
Mar. 29, 1867
July 24, 1865
Aug. 2, 1866
Oct. 2, 1866
Apr. 1, 1867
June 28, 1865
July 17, 1866
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 18, 1866
July 24, 1865
Sept. 7, 1865
Sept. 7, 1865
Sept. 7, 1865
Dec. 11, 1H65
Apr. 21. 1866
July 17, 1866
July 17, 1866
Oct. 6, 1866
Jan. 28, 1865
Sept. 19, 1865
Sept. 19. 1865
July 24, 1865
Nov. 27, 1865
Jan. 24, 1866
July 17, 1865
July 5, 1865
July 5, 1865
July 31. 1866
Sept. 28, 1865
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orphans' home, germantown,
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24
ANDERSONBURG SCHOOL.
HIS school is located in the far-famed Sherman's Valley,
Perry county, seventeen miles west of New Bloomfield,
the county-seat, and twenty miles west of the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad, at Newport. A daily mail and passenger
coach (except Sunday) passes this point. The valley here is about
six miles in width, being within ten miles of the upper or west end,
and is beautifully surrounded by mountains — the Conococheaque
Mountains sweeping round on the north-west, and Bowers' Mountain
on the south-east.
Some time in the autumn of 1865, at the suggestion of Hon. A.
B. Anderson, Judge M. Motzer communicated with Dr. Burrowes,
who was then the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, relative to
opening a soldiers' orphan school at Andersonburg, in the large
brick building then belonging to Mr. Anderson, and which was at
that time used as an academy. Receiving the necessary encourage-
ment from Superintendent Burrowes, Judge Motzer rented and
moved to the building in the spring of 1866.
In July following. Dr. Burrowes visited Andersonburg, and, after
seeing the place and surrounding mountains, he manifested himself
highly pleased, saying: "This is a beautiful location for a school ;
one of the best I have yet selected. This must certainly be a very
healthful locality."
The first pupils were received on the 18th and 20th of September,
1866. The school was organized on the 16th of October following,
with Professor Wm. H. Hall as principal teacher, and a few months
after Miss Laura J. Milligan was employed as assistant teacher.
At the close of the second year the children had increased to one
hundred and seventeen ; the house above mentioned was then found
to be too small to accommodate the school, and another building,
370
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ANDERSOKBURG SCHOOL. 371
thirty-five by fifty feet, three stories high, was erected. A fine study-
hall or school-room, thirty-five by forty-three feet, was finished in
this new edifice, well lighted, and supplied with modern furniture.
The school-room is on the second floor ; on the third floor are two
class-rooms, besides a number of sleeping-rooms.
On the 1st of December, 1872, Professor Hall became joint pro-
prietor of the school, but still acted as principal teacher, and Mr.
B. K. Hall and Miss Milligan were the assistants.
On the 1st of September, 1874, Judge Motzer withdrew from the
school on account of the bad health of himself and wife, and Pro-
fessor Hall became sole Proprietor and Principal, with Mr. J. R.
Runyan as principal teacher, and Miss M. Coyle assistant. Up to
the present time one hundred and seventy children have been ad-
mitted into the school.
Judge Motzer was connected with the school between eight and
nine years. The degree of health enjoyed by the children during
this time was remarkable, but four deaths having occurred. It is
worthy of record that no complaints have at any time reached the
Department at Harrisburg, from mothers, guardians, or children,
relative to the management of this school. Many of the children
who left this institution in its early history are now useful members
of society. Many, who were honorably discharged, have returned
on visits, and said it seemed like coming home.
We give a list of employees, February 29, 1876 :
Teachers.
Prof. W. S. Hulslander, Prof. B. F. Hollenbaugh.
Matron.
Mrs. Lizzie S. Hall.
Assistant Matron.
Mrs. E. R. Sheaffer.
Seamstresses.
Miss Nancy Clouser, Miss Ellen Toorny.
Employees.
Miss Maggie Stahl, Mrs. Maggie McGuire, Mrs. Mary Rowe,
Mr. David H. Johnsi
Physician.
G. W. Mitchell, M. D.
372
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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Clerking In a store.
With bis mother.
Attending public school.
Farming.
With his mother.
Farming.
Ee.»dinIttedSept.3,1875.
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Oct. 20, Ih66
Mav 4. 1867
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July 11, 1859
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July 28. 1860
Oct. 25. 1861
Apr. 30. 1863
Feb. 26, 1859
Nov. 9, 1862
Aug. 26, 1861
May 19, 1859
Aug. 7. 1861
Aug. 22, 1&t8
Feb. 16, 1865
Oct. 27, 1864
July 8, 1858
Deo. 17, 1857
Jan. 13. 1858
July 6. 1859
June 7, 1858
Feb. 24. 1863
Apr. 14, iai9
July 2, 1864
May 31, 1860
Oct. 25, 1864
Sept. 24, 1869
Apr. 24, 1859
Aug. 14, 1860
Dec. 31, 18H5
July 8, 1860
Feb. 24, 1863
Nov. 25, 1860
Mar. 13, 1861
May 19, 1862
Dec. 22, 1858
Oct. 20, 1860
June 5. 1862
Oct. 28, 1857
June 8, 1860
May 24, 1858
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Clark, Denton J.
Deeker. Svlvester
Decker, C'harlea
Decker, Peter A.
Evans, Nathaniel
Everts. John
Foster, Joseph A.
Fooae, Edward M.
Fooae, William H.
Graham. Charles H.
Gibson, Elmer
Grove, John W.
Olllum. Joseph E.
Gensler, James F.
Gensler. William C.
Hartley. Jamea A.
Harrison, William J.
Hippie, Emory T.
Hippie, William B.
Himes, John
Hart, Barnard
Hart, L*vi N.
Heckert, Benjamin F.
Heckert, Dauiel
Harper, William E.
Jacobs, Willis H.
Jacobs, John H.
Jacobs, George H.
Kinwloe, Thomas W.
Kinsloe. Samuel B.
Kephart, James C.
Kepbart, John S.
KepAart. William B.
Kinsel, John T.
Kiasel, William M.
LIndsey, Einment N.
i
3
ANDEESONBURG SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 373
Fanntag.
5 Attending Miller»ville
} Bute Normal School.
With his mother.
With his mother.
son 00., Ohio.
Farming at $14 per mo.
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Mar. 12, 1867
Mar. 12, 1867
Sept. 9, 1867
Oct. 15, 1867
Oct. 15, 1867
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 5, 1870
Sept. 1, lh72
Sept. 3, 1M72
Sept. 1, 1868
Dec. 4, 1866
Oct. 16, 1867
Sept. 29, 1866
Sept. 1. 1874
Oct. 1, 1866
Sept. 2, 1867
Sept. 25, 1866
Sept. 25, 18ti6
June 11, 1S67
Juue 28, 1868
June 28, 1868
Apr. 24, 1873
Sept. 4, 1873
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
June 12, 1869
.Mar. 13, 1867
Sept. 15, 1H69
Sept. 7, 1869
Oct. 15, 1869
Apr. 1, 1872
July 30, 1873
Dec. 20, 1866
Feb. 6, 1868
Apr. 29, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 31, 1867
Oct. 31, 1867
Feb. 7, 1868
M.ar. 12, 1867
Jan. 23. 1867
Sept. 26. 1866
Oct. 31, 1866
Jan. 25, 1868
Feb. 4, 1867
Feb. 4. 1867
Nov. 26, 1866
Nov. 26, 1866
Sept. 3, 1872
Nov. 11, 1872
Sept. 23, 1866
Jan. 8, 1868
Nov. 12, 1861
Sept. 3, 1858
Mar. 13, 1863
May 25, 1859
Oct. 5, 1862
June 4, 1861
Aug. 3, 1860
Oct. 11, 1861
Oct. 31, 1863
Nov. 12, 1862
Sept. 2, 1864
Oct. 5, 1865
May 6, 1856
Mar. 27, 1860
Sept. 14, 1862
Nov. 9, 1861
May 22, 1863
Oct. 9, 1859
Dec. 16, 1860
Aug. 22, 1860
Aug. 22, 1860
Dec. 22, 1862
Mar. 27, 1858
Mar. 19, 1861
Apr. 12, 1864
May 27, 1861
July 11, 1857
Feb. 11, 1859
Nov. 25, 1860
Feb. 6, 1863
Mar. 4, 1861
May 7, 1859
Jan. 17, 1859
Oct. 25, 1859
May 2, 1860
Oct. 21, 1864
Mar. 17, 1858
July 23, 1863
Apr. 29. 1864
Sept. 17, 1863
Aug. 20, 1859
May 15, 1862
Sept. 27, 1860
May 5, 1861
May 20, 1859
June 15, 1860
Aug. 15, 1861
Nov. 15, 1864
Nov. 2it, 1859
Nov. 15, 1862
Aug. 2. 18.57
Aug. 8, 1861
Mar. 29. 1865
Nov. 6, 1864
Apr. 3, 1859
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Pearson, Edwin
Pearson, Benjamin
Ralston, MiUer
Ralston, Wilber
Ralston. George
Rupert, James Lee
Rupert, John E.
Rupert, Harry
Stuart, James H.
Stuart, John W.
Stuart, Samuel L.
Simonton, Abraham
Spanogle, Albert
Shearer, Samuel
Stanford, William
Singer, David l<.
Shedron, Joseph B.
Shedron, Peter A.
Symnierman, John M.
Shearer, James E.
Taylor, Edward T.
Taylor. Frank
Taft, James
Thomas, Jordan
Thomas, Daniel
Wiurick, John
Winrick, William
Winrick, Harry
Williams, John I..
Williams. Ellsworth
Worley, Peter A.
Worley, William H.
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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Pittsburgh and Alleglieiiy Home for the
Friendless.
N the winter of 1861, a few ladies connected with the Pitts-
burgh and Allegheny Kelie Society, impressed with a
desire to alleviate, in some measure, the distress with which
they were daily brought in contact, in the shape of beggar
and homeless children, met and organized the Pittsburgh and Alle-
gheny Home for the Friendless. A charter was obtained in Febru-
ary, 1862, and the institution commenced its operations with three
children. The highest number under their charge at any one time,
including the soldiers' orphans, was one hundred and five.
The object of the institution, as set forth in its constitution, " is to
afford a home, food, clothing, and schooling for such children as may
be neglected or deserted by their friends or guardians ; for girls under
thirteen, and for boys under eight ; also, females of good moral char-
acter, destitute of friends, funds or home, shall be boarded and em-
ployed until suitable places can be provided for them."
The institution is under the direction of a president, vice-presi-
dent, secretary, and treasurer, and twenty managers, all ladies. We
take great pleasure in here recording their names. Among their
number will be found some of the most devoted and intelligent
Christian ladies of the two cities which gave name and character to
the enterprise :
President, Mrs. Henry P. Swartz.
Vice-President, Mrs. Robert McKnight.
Secretary, Mrs. John B. Herron.
Treasurer, Mrs. Mary D. Agnew.
376
pittsb'g and alleg. home for friendless. 377
Mrs. E. Breading,
" Wm. H. Evving,
" Joseph King,
" David M. Long,
" Samuel McKee,
" Henry Pliipps,
Board of Managers.
Mrs. Josephine N. Dale,
" Richard Hays,
" James Laughlin,
" Belle Foster,
" M. J. Kennedy,
" R. D. Thompson,
Mrs. Breading Dalzell,
" W.H.Kirkpatrick,
" Wm. P. Logan,
" Wm. McCreery,
" G. Follansbee,
Miss Mary McKee,
Miss Mary Nimick, Miss Jane M. Smith.
The Home now owns and occupies two large buildings on Wash-
ington Street, Allegheny, purchased by the liberality of citizens of
Pittsburgh and Allegheny. Although one hundred and five was the
greatest number at any time in the institution, yet it has, since its
organization, sheltered many hundred children and placed them in
good homes, in many cases by adoption.
The employees, during the time the soldiers' orphans were in the
Home, were : Matrons, Miss L. J. Blair and Mrs. E. J. Neal ; As-
sistant Matrons, Miss M. ShuU and Mrs.' M. Myers. After many
years of devoted and faithful service, Mrs. Neal, the much-loved
Matron, was, on December 13, 1875, removed from the scene of her
earthly toil to her final reward, deeply mourned by the inmates of
the institution and a large circle of relatives and friends. During
this time, a number of the soldiers' orphans, under her excellent influ-
ence, became members of the church, and, so far as known, adorn
their profession, and will, in after-life, be ever grateful to the State
whose fostering care of them in youth has been rewarded by making
so many good and useful citizens.
378
PEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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LINCOLN INSTITUTION,
NE of the greatest difficulties evident in all asylums for
children is, that they are obliged to be sent away and lost
sight of at the age of twelve years, just at that period
when their characters are beginning to form, and the
influences surrounding them are likely to be permanent. Boys and
girls of this class, after twelve years of age, should be learning some
kind of work that will eventually enable them to gain an honest
living.
This matter was the cause of much thought on the part of some
wealthy and charitably-disposed ladies in the city of Philadelphia,
and one of their number, for a long time, had in her mind the
establishing of a home for boys from twelve to twenty-one years of
age. The undertaking being a novel one, it was difficult to organize,
when, fortunately, in the fall of 1866, the Superintendent of Sol-
diers' Orphans of the State wrote to the managers of the "Church
Home," asking if they could provide for at least one hundred boys.
Owing to their limited accommodations, they could only receive ten.
This was the desired opportunity for starting an adjunct institution
so long hoped for, and a few of the ladies above referred to seized
upon it. Their zeal was augmented by patriotism ; when the chil-
dren of their brave defenders were all cared for, and would outgrow
the necessity of such care, here would be a home for boys to be
transferred to, when ready and old enough to go to work. In Jan-
uary, 1866, a meeting to organize was called, and met in the
parlors of Miss Mary McHenry, 1902 Chestnut Street, where the
first meeting of the "Church Home" was held, just ten years
previous. A Board of Managers and Counsellors was appointed,
380
LINCOLN INSTITUTION.
808 South Eleventh Street, Philadelphia.
LINCOLN INSTITUTION. 381
and tliey adjourned to meet at the " Church Home " the next week.
Meanwhile a constitution was framed, and submitted at that meeting
and adopted, and a charter finally granted by the Legislature.
Miss Mary McHenry,^ Mrs. W. G. Boulton, Mrs. William Ellis,
Mrs. G. T. Lewis, Mrs. C. J. Stille, Mrs. A. D. Jessup, and other
Managers of the " Church Home," assisted with other ladies, gave
the project their earnest support, devoted to it much time and
energy, and were supported by General George G. Meade, William
G. Boulton, Francis Wells, and other gentlemen. In nine weeks
from its inception, the house No. 308 South Eleventh Street (a cut
of which is herewith given), which it now occupies, was purchased,
and the sum of $25,000 raised. The building, with alterations, cost
$25,000, $6,000 of which were left as a mortgage on it. It was
publicly dedicated on the 17th day of April, 1866 ; General (now
President) Grant came from Washington to be present. Two boys
entered the day of its dedication. In January, 1867, it contained
seventy-five boys, the next year eighty-eight, the next ninety-two, the
next one hundred and nineteen, and the next one hundred and
twenty, which is all the building will accommodate.
The house not being constructed for such a purpose, and the
demands for admission being so great, it soon became necessary to
enlarge it. In 1868 an effort was put forth, and large additions to
the back buildings were made, costing fourteen thousand one hun-
dred and forty dollars and forty-four cents, all of which was
promptly paid. The mortgage of six thousand dollars yet remained
on the property; but in 1869, through the untiring exertions of Mr.
and Mrs. William Lippincott, Miss McHenry, and Miss Lardner, an
appropriation of ten thousand dollars was made by the Legislature,
the bill passing both Houses without one dissenting vote ; and thus
the Institution was freed from debt, and another important addition
made to the school-room and front portion of the building.
Since the inception of the project, just ten years ago, two hundred
and sixty-seven boys have been the recipients of its benefits ; of this
number, one hundred and ninety-six were the children of deceased
soldiers, and the following sums of money have been collected, viz. :
^B^y private subscriptions $127,435.88
^TFrom the Department of Soldiers' Orphan Schools 104,902.58
B Special legislative appropriation 10,000.00
H From wages and board of inmates 69,257.15
~ Making a total of. $311,595.61
m
382 PENNA. soldiers' orphan S<:!H00LS.
The plan of this Institution is different from that of any one in
this or any other country. When a boy arrives at twelve years of
age, if he piisses a creditable examination in his studies, he is secured
a situation where the work is light, and as soon as he is old enough,
he is, if possible, placed at some trade or found a permanent situa-
tion. All they earn until sixteen years of age goes towards their
support in the Institution; after sixteen they pay three dollars per
week, for which they are boarded, lodged, washed, and mended;
medical attendance and medicines are also provided ; they have sim-
ply to provide their clothes. They can remain in the Institution
until twenty-one years of age. Boys from twelve to sixteen are
obliged to attend the night-school, where the instruction is mostly
oral and made as attractive as possible. All the inmates are required
to adhere to the rules, which are very simple. During the ten years
of its existence there have been but five deaths in the Institution, and
for the past four years there have been no deaths and scarcely any
serious sickness, a fact that speaks well for its management.
The important positions occupied by the pupils of this Institution
are such that it is necessary that all of them should be personally
known to some of the Managers, that they may be able to give them
a recommendation for honesty, industry, &c.
This they could not do with boys whose previous training was
unknown to them. The character that the pupils of the Lincoln
Institution has attained in Philadelphia is very high ; so they are
determined that their future inmates shall have the same advantages
of discipline and instruction as their present ones.
With commendable foresight, the Managers are looking forward
to the time when there will be no soldiers' orphans to be cared for,
and have, as will be seen on page 390, established a home for other
friendless boys from six to twelve years of age. Through the lib-
erality of a few friends, this building was erected ; and although,
from necessity, it is under a different organization, the " Lincoln In-
stitution " will always have a representation in its board of manage-
ment, by which means the two can work in harmonious partnership.
This Institution is deeply indebted to Major-General George G.
Meade. He was its first President. To him, fir^jit of all, was com-
municated the thought of its erection. It found in him a helper and
a friend. Seizing upon the suggestion, he gave to it his warmest
support. By his personal labor, and by the weight of his character,
he procured large sums of money, and awakened the interest of the
(First President of the Lincoln Institution.)
LINCOLN INSTITUTION.
383
community. He aided to push the charter through the Legislature,
aud to secure the approval of the Governor. Present at the inau-
gural meeting, he was the first to sign the charter, and by his energy
and aid contributed mainly to bringing about the remarkable result,
that in nine weeks from the conception of the idea the money was
raised, the house was bought, and the work begun. In the midst of
his many duties, he always found time to counsel and advise. From
first to last, by night and by day, in season and out of season, his
devotion was unfailing; and the eye that had witnessed the self-
sacrifice of the fathers never faltered in its watchfulness for the wel-
fare of the children. At all meetings, at Thanksgiving and at
Christmas, his tall form was to be seen ; and he is still missed and
mourned for by his associates there as elsewhere.
The following is the list of ofiicers and teachers for the year 1876 :
BOARD OF COUNCIL.
President.
J. B. Moorhead.
Vice-President.
J. Vaughan Merrick.
Secretary.
Samuel Bell.
Treasurer.
Morton McMichael, Jr.
Members.
^a:-#cto,Rt.Rev.W.B.Stevens,D.D.,
" Rev. R. Newton, D.D.,
" Rev. Wm. Rudder, D.D.,
" Rev. T. S. Davies, D.D.,
Rev. E. A. Hoffman, D.D.,
Rev. H. G. Morton, D.D.,
Rev. G. C. Currie, D.D.,
Rev. Wm. McVickar,
Lemuel Coffin,
George C. Carson,
A. H. Franciscus,
Joseph G. Rosengarten,
John Welsh,
R. F. Wood,
John E. Cope,
Franklin A. Dick,
William H. Merrick,
Charles W. Trotter,
Joseph I-I. Trotter,
Edward Brownjng,
A. Haller Gross,
Charles F. Hulse,
384 PENXA. soldiers' orphax schools.
Alexander Brown, O. C. Bosbyshell,
John P. Brock, Thomas C. Price,
Henry C. Gibson, Gordon Monges,
B. G. Godfrey, Charles Carver,
Henry C. Tovvnsend, Charles Henry Hart,
Anthony J. Drexel, Charles Williams.
BOAKD OF MANAGERS. .
Directresses.
Miss Mary McHenry, Mrs. Geo. R. Justice,
Mrs. J. Dundas Lippincott.
Secretary.
Mrs. Harry G. Clay.
Corresponding Secretary.
Miss E. C. McVickar.
Treasurer.
Mrs. Geo. W. Ball.
Members.
Miss E. W. Key, Mrs. Edward Lowber,
" Anna Frazer, Miss L. T. Merrick,
" Mary H. Trotter, " F. M. Paul,
Mrs. J. Barlow Moorhead, Mrs. Alfred English,
" J. R. Fry, " Henry C. Gibson,
" E. L. Reakirt, Miss S. Fisher,
" J. L. Redner, " Clara Roberts,
Miss Mary C. Coxe, ' Mrs. Charles Henry Hart,
" Israel, " Nalbro Frazier,
Mrs. Robert Pettit, " George deB. Keim,
Miss Emily Stocker, " William Thomson,
" H.F.Randolph, " Charles F. Lennig.
Honorary Members.
Mrs. John Frazer, Mrs. William Lippincott, Mrs. R. T. Jones.
Visiting Physicians.
January, February, March: Wm. G. Porter, Jr., M. D.
April, May, /une : De Forrest Willard, M. D.,
July, Auffust, September : Chas. Cadwalader, M. D.
October, November, December : W. Scott Wolford.
LINCOLN INSTITUTION. 385
Surgeon.
Harrison Allen, M. D.
CoNsuLTi]?G Physician.
S. Weir Mitchell, M. D.
Solicitor.
Lewis Wain Smith, Esc[.
»
Superintendent.
Mr. E. F. Pearson.
Assistant Superintendent.
Mr. John Pearson.
Matron.
Mrs. M. N. Weatherly.
Assistant Matron.
Mrs. E. F. Pearson.
Teacher.
Mr. Lemuel McMichael.
Assistant Teacher. ^
Mrs. Pine.
25
386
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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LINCOLN INSTITUTION.
387
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS'.
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LINCOLN INSTITUTION.
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EDUCATIONAL HOME,
N October, 1871, a square of ground, containing six and
one-fourth acres, was presented, by a lady and gentleman
of the city of Philadelphia, to Miss Mary McHenry, to be
held in trust as a site for a building to be used as a home
for orphan and destitute children of all creeds, from six to twelve
years of age, to act in connection with the Lincoln Institution.
Isaiah V. Williamson, Right Rev. M. A. De Wolf Howe, I. N.
Stone, L. W. Smith, Percival Roberts, H. C. Townsend, Mary Mc-
Henry, Mary A. Williamson, and Elizabeth C. Roberts acted as
Trustees.
The name, as above given, being decided upon, a charter was
obtained through the courts, and it became a legal corporation.
On the evening of Monday, November 27, 1871, a meeting was
called by the corporators, at the residence of Miss McHenry. Major-
General George G. Meade was called to the chair, and the meeting
was opened with prayer by Bishop Howe. Mr. L. Wain Smith being
appointed secretary, explained the reasons that led to the incorpora-
tion of the enterprise.
A Board of Managers and Councillors was then elected, after
which addresses were made by Bishop Howe, Hon. Charles Gibbons,
and ex-Governor Pollock. The meeting then adjourned. The expe-
rience of many years had taught some of the Managers the practical
wanta of such a home as they contemplated ; a rough sketch was
therefore made of the plan of the building, which was hauded to
Mr. Henry Pcttit, Architect, who kindly drew the outlines, and
arranged the first story, after which Mr. James H. Windrim, Archi-
tect, finished up the plans, which he did most satisfactorily. A cir-
390
i>l;,l'llilWH'"|
iiiiliil^^
'#.S'W
EDUCATIONAL HOME. 391
cular was then issued, and in a short time pledges for about thirty-
five thousand dollars were secured, which the Trustees felt authorized
them at once to proceed with the work. The picture, as given,
affords a very good idea of the style of the structure. The stone
selected is of a gray color, from the Leiperville quarries ; there is a
cellar under the entire building, and a loft in the Mansard roof, thus
securing the best ventilation. It is heated throughout with steam,
and the partitions and walls are all brick up to the second floor, as a
preventive against vermin and also fire. On the first floor, on one
side of the hall, is a play-room, main stairway, wash- and bath-
rooms ; on the other side a dining-room, off which is the matron's
dining-room, pantry for washing dishes, bread, grocery, and other
closets ; a large kitchen, with dining-room for servants off it ; the
ironing-room contains drying closet, with laundry back of the
kitchen, and bakery on one side. On the second floor, on one side,
are the managers' and committee rooms, clothes- and sewing-rooms ;
on the third floor are the dormitories, where there are ample accom-
modations for one hundred and fifty children.
On June 8, the Building Committee and several of the Managers,
with the contractors, staked off the ground, and the first spadeful of
earth was removed by Miss McHenry with a small shovel procured
for the purpose.
On the 15th day of June, at 4 p. m., the corner-stone was laid,
with appropriate ceremonies, by General Meade. Bishop Stevens
conducted the religious services, and addresses were made by Rev.
J. A. Crowell, D. D., and Rev. W. F. Paddock, D. D. The music
was under the charge of Mr. Pearce, the pupils of the Lincoln In-
stitution forming the choir. After the ceremonies were concluded,
the boys of the Lincoln were reviewed by General Meade, and went
through the military evolutions with the precision of veterans.
It is proper to again bear testimony to the active sympathy shown
this new enterprise by General Meade. Although his official duties
called him elsewhere, he remained in the city to aid in the laying
of this corner-stone, and looked forward with much interest and
solicitude to the completion of the work, giving it his warmest sanc-
tion and support.
The silver trowel used by General Meade on this occasion was
presented to Miss McHenry, and will ever remain a valued trophy
of this occasion.
The building being completed, and the money secured for its pay-
392 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
ment, Saturday, the eighth of November, 1873, was chosen for its
formal dedication to the purpose for which it was originated.
The building was beautifully decorated throughout with flowers,
evergreens, and a full display of national colors, calling forth the
admiration of all present. The ceremonies were conducted by
Bishop Stevens and the Rev. Dr. Rudder. Bishop Howe, as one of
the Trustees, presented the title-deeds of the ground to the Man-
agers, in accordance with the conditions of said deed, which specifies
that if, before the expiration of five years, a suitable building is
erected and paid for, the ground becomes the property of the cor-
porators. The President of the Board of Council received the deed,
and the Hon. Charles Gibbons responded in a fitting and appropri-
ate manner. Miss Mary Gibson, the benefactress of the institution,
much to the satisfaction of all interested, was present ; and there
were also present, by invitation, the children of the " Burd Orphan
Asylum of St. Stephen's Church," and the pupils of the " Church
Home for Children."
On December 1, 1873, the first children were received. Since
then two hundred and eleven have been admitted, sixty-one of whom
were sons of soldiers yet living, seventy-six soldiers' orphans, and
the other seventy-four were destitute children.
There are now one hundred and fifty on the roll. The money
receipts from November 13, 1871, when collections were commenced,
to December 31, 1875, were as follows :
Voluntary subscriptions , : $165,697.61
Lincoln Institution for board of boys 11,751.64
Special legislative appropriation 10,000.00
$187,449.25
.The following is the list of officers and teachers for the year
1876:
BOARD OF COUNCIL.
President.
William H. Merrick.
Secretary.
Franklin A. Dick.
Treasurer.
G. Theodore Roberts.
EDUCATIONAL HOME.
393
J. B. Moorhead,
Honorary Member.
Rt. Rev. Wm. B. Stevens, D. D.
Ex-OFFicio Members.
J. Vaughan Merrick,
Samuel Bell.
Members to serve for Three Years.
Henry C. Townsend, Solomon Shepherd,
William Harmer, William H. Merrick,
J. B. Moorhead, Henry Lewis,
Joseph Jeanes.
William Henry Lex,
Franklin A Dick,
Walter Allison,
Peter Williamson,
Lewis Wain Smith,
A. H. Franciscus,
Members to serve for Two Years.
G. Theodore Roberts,
Clarence H. Clark,
I. V. Williamson,
B. A. Knight,
F. S. Hoffman,
George Bullock,
Rt. Rev. M. A. DeW. Howe.
Members to serve for One Year.
Charles Gibbons,
A. J. Drexel,
Benjamin G. Godfrey,
Henry C. Gibson,
James S. Whitney,
William Lippincott,
James N. Stone.
Jos. G. Rosengarten,
William B. Jenks,
Richard S. Howell,
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
Directresses.
Miss Mary McHenry, Mrs. Franklin A. Dick,
Miss Laura T. Merrick.
Secretary.
Miss Mary F. Lex.
Treasurer.
Mrs. G. T. Roberts.
Miss Mary Gibson,
Honorary Members.
Miss A. Frazer,
Miss R. T. Jones.
Ex-OFFicio Members.
Miss M. H. Trotter,
Miss McHenry, Mrs. George R. Justice, Mrs. H. G. Clay,
Miss E. C. McVickar, Mrs. James Dundas Lippincott.
394
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
Members to serve for Three Years.
Mrs. J. D. Lippincott,
" F. S. Hoflinan,
Miss Mary C. Coxe,
" Mary F. Lex,
Mrs. F. A. Dick,
Miss L. T. Merrick,
Mrs. J. M. Bacon,
" E. S. Howell,
Mrs. C. H. Clark,
" Charles S. Wurts,
Miss M. E. Cope.
Miss McHenry,
" F.A.Roberts,
Mrs. Robert Pettit,
Members to serve for Two Years.
Miss A. Cadwalader,
Mrs. J. B. Allen,
" James G. Hardie.
Miss E. W. Key,
Mrs. G. T. Roberts,
Miss Rosalie Hoopes,
Miss H. F. Randolph,
" Susan Israel,
" E.C.Roberts,
Members to serve for One Year.
Mrs. Edward Lowber,
" H. C. Gibson,
Miss Foster,
Mrs. Evan Randolph.
Mrs. Wm. Lippincott,
Miss A. B. Coxe,
Mrs. S. R. Morgan,
Visiting Physicians for 1876.
February, March, April: Dr. M. B. Musser.
May, June, July : Dr. S. R. Skillern.
August, September, October: Dr. H. Perry.
November, December, January : Dr. S. S. Stryker.
Surgeon.
Dr. F. F. Maury.
Consulting Physician.
Dr. R. M. Girvin.
Dentist.
Mr. Charles E. Diehl.
Solicitor.
Charles Carver, Esq.
Superintendent.
Mr. Chauncey Towne.
Matron.
Mrs. R. G. Singleton.
EDUCATIONAL HOME. 395
Assistant Superintendent and Lay-reader.
Mr. Charles Henry Schultz.
Assistant Matron.
Miss Kate Welsh.
Teacher.
Mrs. Pine.
Assistant Teacher.
Miss Drumgold.
Infant Class Teacheb.
Miss N. Wright.
TITUSVILLE SCHOOL.
|HE,EE years had elapsed since Pennsylvania had estab-
lished and opened, for her soldiers' orphans, institutions
which were designed to afford home culture and home
comforts, as well as opportunities for acquiring the rudi-
ments of an English education. These institutions thus far had
been confined to the southern and eastern sections of the State. The
Act of 1867 provided that one school, at least, might be located in
each of the twelve normal school districts. With the new Act,
further regulating the management and organization of these schools,
came a new administration full of vigor, and apparently desirous to
extend their benefits to the greatest possible number.
The counties of the north-western section of the State that had
contributed so liberally of men and means for the late war, were now
asking that the orphans of their deceased soldiers be provided for.
In compliance with this demand, the Superintendent, during the
summer and fall of 1867, visited this section of the State, to hear
and receive propositions relative to the opening of a new school.
Among the places visited was Titusville; and here, in this metropolis
of the "great oil region," he received a hearty welcome from a thor-
oughly earnest, enterprising, and intelligent people. Suitable build-
ings were offered, and a meeting of the citizens was called and held
during his visit, and so pleased was he with the sentiments there
expressed, and with the patriotism and magnanimity of the people,
that he at once decided that at Titusville should be located the
soldiers' orphan school of the "advanced grade" for the twelfth
normal school district, composed of the counties of Crawford, Erie,
liawrence, Mercer, and Venango.
896
titusvilLe school,
397
Gurdon S. Berry, Esq., accepted the proffered trust, and refitted
and equipped buildings which had been erected a few years pre-
vious for hotel purposes, but the decline of the "oil trade" rendered
them unprofitable. They were large and well adapted to the pur-
pose, and supplied with modern conveniences for heating, cooking,
and bathing. Early in December, 1867, the buildings, with ample
accommodations for three hundred, were open for the reception of
pupils.
The sympathies and energies of the proprietor were- thoroughly
enlisted in the work he had undertaken, and relying upon the fulfil-
ment of promises made by State officials, that the school should at
once receive the "maximum" number authorized to be admitted to
institutions of the "advanced grade," all appointments and arrange-
ments were made for the reception and entertainment of a full
school. But the promises of this "full school" vanished like bub-
bles in the air. Hoping for the promised number was patient hope
long deferred. Weeks and months come and go, and lengthen into
weary years, and that "maximum" is not reached.
The close of the first quarter, ending February 28, 1868, about
seventy-five pupils were enrolled. The close of the first year, ending
November 30, 1868, one hundred and fifty-three pupils were in
school. The second year, ending November 30, 1869, showed an
average attendance of one hundred and fifty-two pupils. We give
these facts, without further comment, in illustration of the above
statement.
In the organization of the school, the design was to make it first-
class in all its appointments, and it was at all times under the imme-
diate and direct supervision of an experienced and practical teacher.
The advantage and wisdom of such a course was fully exemplified in
the results obtained during the brief existence of the institution.
The Titusville School opened several years later than many others
of the same grade ; but the records of official examinations show,
though youngest of the " advanced schools," it occupied a front rank
in scholarship, discipline, and completeness of organization. The
Principal being thoroughly acquainted with the management of the
soldiers' orphan schools from actual service therein, comprehending
the wants of the schools and the design of the State, lost no time in
experimenting on ideal vagaries. In the supervision of the school
the teacher had his special work, and was not required to labor out-
side of school hours, to the deprivation of proper recreation and
398 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
relaxation to such an extent as to unfit him for his school-room
duties.
It is proper here, as a matter of justice, to name some of those who
gave efficient aid in the several departments of the institution, and
whose names will recall many pleasant reminiscences and bring to
memory scenes and incidents of other days. Among the teachers we
recall the names of Miss Sarah P. Kidder, Miss Mary E. Bradley,
Miss Rebie Coates, Miss Ellen S. Preston, Miss Florence J. Mattison,
Miss Victoria Mattison, Misses Etta and Emma McCrillis, Mr. Sam-
uel Grumbine, Mr. Gurdon G. Sill, Mr. E. J. Hayes, Mr. Wm. D.
Weaver, Mr. J. R. Spiegel, Mr. A. G. Owen, Mr. B. D. Rowlee, Mr.
J. P. Benford, and Mr. A. C. Schoolman (blind), teacher of music.
In the household department the names of Mrs. C. M. Yeager, Mrs.
Shutt, Mrs. C. M. Heath, Mrs. Shepardson, Mrs. Mary Reed, Mrs.
Schott, Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. Eakin, Miss Jane McCutchen, Mrs. Toby,
and Mrs. Jane Demming, are familiar to hundreds of soldiers' or-
phans. In the boys' department, the names of Geo. H. Sill and
Capt. H. F. Spicer were familiar as household words. The names
of some are probably omitted. If so, the orphan children will
quickly supply them as they scan these pages, and, although not
recorded here, their little acts of kindness, we trust, may have given
them a place in their hearts.
The instruction afforded in this school was of a superior character
from the date of its organization, as its recorded list of experienced
teachers for the whole time shows. The teachers employed were, as
a general thing, graduates of a college or normal school, or those
who had acquired a professional standing in their vocation. During
the school year closing May 31, 1873, the cost of instruction was
$3,000, besides board, rooms, fuel, lights, and washing for teachers
employed. In the early years of the institution, promises of large
increase in numbers were relied on to justify such expenses as cited
above, and it was deemed necessary to make them in order to place
the school on a high grade of merit and usefulness, and it was diffi-
cult to reduce such expenses without lowering the tone of instruction
and disappointing prospects of promising pupils.
This is but one of the many instances which serve to illustrate the
manner in which the private interests of the Proprietor were subor-
dinated to the growing wants of the school.
The whole number of pupils admitted to the Titusville School
from the time it opened, in 1867, until its close, in September, 1873,
TITUSVILLE SCHOOL,
399
was four hundred and forty-one. Of this number two hundred and
fifty-three were boys and one hundred and eighty-eight were girls.
From the opening of the school until the spring of 1872, it was
under the direct supervision of Prof. Joseph N. Beistle as Principal.
In the spring of 1872, Mr. Berry, the Proprietor, relinquished the
practice of law and assumed direct charge as Principal, which duties
he performed until the autumn of 1874, when a portion of the build-
ings was destroyed by fire, and the school suspended operations.
Owing to this fact, it is not possible to give an engraving of the
buildings and grounds.
400
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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TITUSVILLE Or.PHAN SCHOOL.
401
(Readmitted Sept. 9,
^ 1872, and discharged
( uu age, Sept. 25, 1873.
Died Apr. 23, 1871.
(Readmitted Sept. 23,
.? 1872, and discharged
t on age, July 2, 1874.
Died Uar. 7, 1872.
ffl
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Tionesta.
Callensburg.
Orrsville.
Orrsville.
Titnsville.
Union Mills.
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Sept. 30, 1874
Dec. 1, 1874
Apr. 1,1869
Apr. 1, 1869
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Sept. 9, 1869
July 6, 1868
Dec. '27, 1867
Feb. 10, 1868
Mar. 1, 1870
Dec. 27, 1867
Jan. 21. 1871
Mar. 18, 1871
Dec. 13, 1871
Jan. '28, 1870
Apr. 0, 1872
Feb. 5, 1872
Apr. '29, 1872
Jan. 4, 1874
Sept. 17. 1874
Jan. '2, 1868
Jan. 2, 1868
Dec. 27, 1867
Dec. '27, 1867
Dec. 27, 1867
Sept. '23, 1872
Oct. 17, 1869
Feb. 3, 1870
Dec. 27, 1867
Dec. 27, 1867
Apr. '23, 1868
June '22, 1868
June 22, 1868
June 1, 1868
Jan. 4, 1870
Jan. 4, 1870
June 1, 1870
May 28, 1872
Nov. 1, 1872
.Sept. 1. 1873
Oct. 1, 1873
Dec. 27, 1867
Dec. '27, 1867
Jan. 30, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Feb. 24, 1870
Oct. 18, 1870
Apr. 29, 1874
May 10, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 30, 1869
Jan. 5, 1870
Jan. 4, 1870
Jan. 7, 1868
Jan. 2, 1868
Jan. 7, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 16, 1868
Mar. 30, 1868
Aug. 9. 1860
July 17, 1859
Sept. '25, 1857
Jan. 1, 1857
Oct. 16, 1854
Oct. 2». 1859
June 8, 1856
Deo. 6. 1860
May 14, 1859
May 31, 1«62
July 13, 18<!0
May 3, 1862
Jan. 20, 1864
Jan. 12, 1859
Dec. 27, 1858
Mar. 19, 1864
Sept. 26, 1866
July 2, 1858
May 10, 1854
June 10, 1856
July 12, 1855
Sept. '25, 1862
May 18. 1858
Aug. 26, 1856
Oct. 1, 1858
Mar. 31, 1856
Apr. 7, 1855
Dec. 5, 1857
Dec. 5. 1856
Feb. 14, 1856
Apr. 21, 1857
Feb. 12, 1859
Nov. 1, 1860
Aug. 22, 1861
Aug. '29, 1863
Jan. 16, 1863
Apr. 28, 1865
July 20, 1857
Feb. 10, 1856
Aug. 31, 1855
Feb. 22, 1859
Juue 6, 1861
Jiin. 19, 1862
May 8. 1861
Aug. 1, 1862
Apr. 5, 1864
Apr. 10, 1856
Nov. 27, 1857
Dec. 29, 18.i9
May 18. 1857
Sept. 4, 1859
Feb. 17, 18,59
Oct. 23, 1857
Oct. '24, 1859
Jan. 11, 1857
Mar. 4, 1854
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402
PEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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Tost
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Union Mills.
llarrisburg.
Titusville.
Marionville.
Marionville.
New Richmond.
New Ricbmond.
Ceres.
Titusville.
Shippensville.
Riceville
Meadville.
Meadville.
Titusville.
Bradford.
Meadville.
Bradford.
Bradford.
Steuben.
Gay's Mills.
Turnir Creek.
Turner Creek.
Wayne.
Wayne.
Meadville.
Meadville.
utica.
Utioa.
Ridgeway.
Brockwayville.
Centreville.
Centreville.
Ridgeway.
Titusville.
Anderson's Mills
Anderson's Mills
Meadville.
Pleasantville.
Pleasantvillc.
Tryonville.
Tryonville.
Warsaw.
Tryonville.
De Golier.
Plumer.
Saegertown.
Shennngo.
Rosston.
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Sept. 1-2, 1855
Junel, 1857
Oct, 23. iai8
Aug. 11.1853
Jan. 8. 1858
Oct. 30, 1854
Dec. 12, 1852
Mar. 10. 1857
Apr. 30, 1857
Nov. 27, 1860
July 14, 1860
Dec. 3. 1860
Mar 15, 1862
July 10, 1860
Mar. 31, 1863
.Mar. 10. 1863
Mar. 17, 1858
Jan. 10. 1862
Aug. 3, 1863
Mar. 3. 1854
Apr. 23, 1856
Aug. 27. 1858
Dec. 4. 1860
May 10. 1864
June •29. 1863
Sept. 27, 1860
Sept. 12, 1864
July 5. 1855 •
Sept. 14, 1857
Aug. 19. 1856
June 6, 1855
Deo. 19, 1860
Auij. 7, 1856
An?. 18, 1860
Nov. 14. 1855
Aug. 7. 1362
June 10, 1860
Jan. 6, J 858
Mar. 22, 1862
Jan. 1,1860
Jiine^23, 1K58
May 19, 1864
Sept. 4. 1858
Dec. 19, 1860
May 11, 1863
Mar. 18, 1853
July 30, 1852
May 9, 1856
May 7, 1856
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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PEXNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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408
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
<
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a
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Titusville.
Cochranton.
Chandler's Vail.
Steamburgh.
Irvine.
Brady's Bend.
Blooming Vail.
Oil Creek.
Titusville.
Bvaushurg.
Six Points.
Limestone.
Limestone.
Titusville.
Titusville.
Waterford.
Waterford.
Youngsville
Youngsville.
Youngsville.
Emlenton,
1
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Jan. 4. 1868
May 25, 1868
Jan. 4. 1869
Nov. 3, 1869
Sept. 29, 1869
Oct. 18, 1869
May 20, 1872
Apr. 4, 1873
May 17, 1873
Dec. 27, 1867
Nov. 12, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Mar. 4, 1868
Mar. 28. 18«)8
Mar. 28, 1868
Nov. 19, 1868
Nov. 19, 1868
Feb. 1, 1870
Nov. 6, 1871
Nov. 1. 1872
Jan. 2, 1874
1
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Aug. 1. 1859
Jan. 18. 1864
Oct. 29. 1866
N..V. 10, 1857
July -X, 1854
Aug. 26, 1855
Oct. 30, 1862
Oct. 18. 1861
May 14, 1865
Apr. 8. 18,i3
Oct. 20. 1857
Feb. 28. 1854
Feb. 29, 1866
Oct. 12, 1858
Julv 19, 1867
Nov. 6, 1859
Dec. 3. 1866
Oct. 30. 1859
Jan. 19. 1861
Feb. 6. 1865
June 25, 1860
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Wensil. Sarah A.
Wensil. Marr S.
Williams, Nellie
Williams. Mary
Wright. Margaret E.
Wright. Mary A.
Whituey. Addie D.
Wentworth, Helen M.
Wentworth. Emma M.
Womer, Catharine E.
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CHESTER SPRINGS SCHOOL,
HIS school is situated in the northern part of Chester
county, near the Pickering Valley branch of the Phila-
delphia and Reading Railroad.
The buildings, as represented in the plate, are on the
slope of a hill, facing south-east. The one on the right is called the
Washington building, because it was built by General Washington,
and used by him as a hospital for his sick and wounded soldiers from
Valley Forge and Brandywine. It is a frame building, and rough
weather-boarded on the outside. Dents in the steps of the old
stairways are still visible, and can be pointed out to the visitor as
the marks of the crutches of the wounded patriots.
A wing has been added for the accommodation of the school, thus
making the main study-hall 48 x 53 feet, with small adjacent rooms
for class-rooms. These have all been painted, which gives to them a
new and cheerful appearance.
The central building is known as the cottage, and is used for the
girls' sleeping apartments, sitting-room, wash- and bathing-rooms,
library for the use of boys and girls, and music-room. The
lady Principal and female members of the faculty also occupy this
building.
The girls' sitting-room is 20 x 60 feet. It is nicely carpeted and
well furnished, and made attractive by pictures and mottoes on the
walls. Adjacent to this are the library and music-rooms. The
bath-room is furnished with an abundance of warm and cold water,
and all that is necessary to promote the health and cleanliness of
the children. The dormitories are well ventilated, clean, and com-
fortable.
- 409
410 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
The large building on the left, known as the "Hotel," was origin-
ally a small, two-story house, and for some time the head-quarters of
General Washington. An old Franklin stove, used by him, may
still be seen in one of the central rooms, which is used now as the boys'
clothes-room. This building is used by the male members of the
faculty and the boys. In addition to the dormitories, it contains
sitting-rooms and bath-room, also the kitchen and dining-room.
Between the hotel and cottage, standing back a few feet, and not
visible in the engraving, is the "Hall," in which are the sewing-room,
boys' mending-room, and infirmary. These buildings are connected
by a covered promenade.
In front of the cottage is a lawn of about one and a half acres,
used as the girls' play-ground, in which are a number of shade trees
and a beautiful magnesia spring called " diamond spring." South
of the " Hotel " is the boys' play-ground, embracing several acres, in
which are the chalybeate spring and bath houses. These grounds are
finely shaded by grand old sycamore and other trees.
This place, formerly known as " Yellow Springs," was for many
years a popular watering-place and summer resort. Hundreds of
people, in quest of health and pleasure, made this their summer
home — attracted here by the beauty of the scenery, the salubrity of
the atmosphere, the medicinal quality of the water, and, doubtless,
many on account of the historic association. How fitting, then, that
this place, so sacred in the past, should now be a home for the chil-
dren of those who, in a later day of our country's history, were slain
upon the same altar, and by whose self-sacrifice our Union has been
preserved.
The property is owned by a stock company. The school is under
the management of a Board of Trustees, elected yearly by the stock-
holders. The first elected were Isaac Sulger, Esq., Prof C. W. Deans,
and M. S. McCullough, Esq., of which Isaac Sulger, Esq., was Pres-
ident, and C. W. Deans Secretary and Treasurer. In June, 1870, the
same were re-elected — M. S. McCullough being chosen President^ and
Prof. C. W. Deans Secretary and Treasurer. In June, 1872, T. J.
Grier, Esq., was elected a member of the Board, in place of Isaac
Sulger, Esq. Owing to the death of C. W. Deans in 1873, Prof. W.
E. Caveny was elected to fill the vacancy, and, at the last annual
meeting of the stockholders, A. H. Hoagland was elected in the place
of T. J. Grier, Esq.
The school was organized in 1868, and was composed mainly of
CHESTER SPRINGS SCHOOL.
411
cliiklreu transferred from Quakertowii and Paradise Schools. Prof.
C. W. Deans was appointed Principal, who carried it on successfully
until April, 1870, when he resigned. Prof. W. E. Caveny was ap-
pointed his successor, during whose administration many valuable
improvements were made and comforts added, and the moral condi-
tion of the school was also greatly improved. Prof. Caveny resigned
in May, 1873, and Rev. F. C. Pearson was appointed Principal. He
continued in charge until March, 1874, when, having other duties to
claim his attention, he resigned, and Mrs. E. H. Moore, at the instance
of Post No. 2, of the G. A. R. of the Department of Pa., was appointed,
and has, by her continued success, demonstrated the fact that a
modest lady is fully competent to discharge the varied and responsible
duties of the position she still occupies to the entire satisfaction
of all concerned.
The health of the school has been excellent, no form of epidemic
having visited it, excepting scarlet fever, in the fall of 1870, which
was skilfully treated by Dr. J. R. Hainey; and, although about
fifty of the children were sick, all recovered. Of the five hundred
pupils who have been here during a period of over seven years, but
two have died. The first was a boy about thirteen years old, who,
having wandered out of bounds, fell into a pit and received injuries
which caused his death. The other, a girl of fourteen, died of he-
reditary consumption soon after entering school.
The moral and religious condition of the school is very good, the
children, having learned to act from motives of principle, do right
because it is right.
In order to convey an idea of the standing of the school, and the
estimation in which it is held by the people in the vicinity, we add
a paragraph from one of the numerous articles published in the
Phmnix Messenger :
" The School at Chester Springs, under the administration of Mrs. E.
H. Moore, has been very successful, and the standard has been raised to
such an extent that it is now regarded one of the best schools in the State.
At the last annual examination, in addition to the branches usually taught
in the public schools, several classes were examined in geometry, algebra,
botany, natural philosophy, physiology, book-keeping, and drawing, and
showed a marked degree of proficiency in these branches."
Since the above sketch was written, the " Hotel " has been destroyed
by fire, which occurred on the 7th of March, 1876. The flames were
first discovered, between one and two o'clock at night, by one of the
412
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
boys, who gave the alarm. The inmates were aroused from their
sleep, and every one escaped unharmed. Most of the bedding and
clothing were removed. The adjoining building and " cottage " were
saved with the greatest difficulty. Water was plenty, and boys, girls,
teachers, and other employees and neighbors exerted themselves to
the utmost, and deserve great praise for their persevering efforts and
self-possession, which alone stayed the progress of the flames.
This accident greatly reduced the accommodations of the school,
but none were obliged to leave. Another building will soon be
erected to take the place of the one destroyed.
Since the school was organized, the following persons have been
officially connected with it in the various departments :
Mr. J. A. Groff,
" O.N. Shingle,
Dr. J. H. MacCreary,
Mr. P. J. Umstead,
Miss M. K. Schreiner,
" S. B. Kuhn,
" E. Pearson,
" E.W.Wickersham,
Teachers.
Mr. W. W. Deans,
" J.L.Allen,
" W. W. Wisegarver,
" F. Ibach,
Miss A. Kitcher,
Mrs. F. L. Yeager,
Miss E. I. Sinsabaugh,
" E. Sharpless,
Mr. H. Lamborn,
" A. H. Weidman,
" M. Kratz,
" W. B. Chalfant,
Miss H. M. Williams,
" A. L. Drinkwater,
" E. A. Thompson,
" A. L. Fusselb
Mrs. W. E. Caveny,
Music Teachers.
Miss Fannie Middleton,
Miss M. P. Tustin.
Matrons.
Miss Train, Miss L. A. Norris, Miss G. Williams,
Mrs. E. H. Moore, Miss E. C. Woodward.
Miss M. Bowers.
Assistant Matrons.
Miss A. Woodward,
Mrs. Mary Kishbaugh.
Mrs. A. E. Sturgess,
Miss B. Jackson,
Mr. J. Becket,
" W. Hoyle,
Nurses.
Mrs. E. B. Hellener,
Male Attendants.
Mr. E. B. Whitney,
" J. Craiger,
Mr. J. W. Snyder.
Mrs. S. Musselman.
Mr. J. Glenn,
" F.Wagner,
CHESTER SPRINGS SCHOOL
Sewing Superintendents.
413
Miss S. G. Galatt,
" A. Davis,
Miss A. Kendall,
"' C. Hellener.
Laundresses.
Mrs. Phebe Barrett, Mrs. E. Beerbrower, Mrs. R. Copeman,
Mrs. B. Brown, Mrs. M. Goumph.
Mr. J. L. Smith.
Stewards.
Mr. W. W. Deans,
Cooks.
Mr. D. Johnston, Mrs. W. Stretzel, Miss A. Rice,
Miss E. Powers, Miss F. Smith.
DiNiNG-RooM Superintendent.
Mrs. Mary Hoi man.
Bakers.
Mr. J. Bodderman, Mr. T. Roberts.
Farmers.
Mr. J. Sloanaker,
Mr. W. Dolittle,
Mr. W. Wray,
" P. Daily,
" R. Beard.
Carpenter.
Mr. F. Williams.
Plumber.
Mr. H. Stretton.
Physicians.
J. R. Hainey, M. D., J. H. MacCreary, M. D., M . Fussell, M. D.
414
PEXNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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CHESTER SPRINGS SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 421
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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Post
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Home.
Goshorn.
Philadelphia....
Port Carbon.
Port Carbon.
Norrlstown.
Kimbleville.
Philadelphia.
Allentown
Allentown.
West Chester....
West Chester.
Hamburg
Hamburg.
Philadelphia.
West Chester.
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Philadelphia.
Tremont.
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Phoenixville.
Strasburg.
Allentown.
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Nov. 26, 1871
Feb. 3, 1875
Sept. 17, 1872
Oct. 26, 1874
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Paradise
Paradise
Womelsdorf
Qualtertown
Titusviue
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Date op
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
Feb. 29, 1868
Mar. 1. 1868
Oct. 10, 1870
Oct. 10, 1870
May 24. 1873
Oct. 28, 1874
Oct. 18, 1874
Jan. 26. 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Mar. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Mar. 1, 1868
Mar. 1, 1868
Mar. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1870
June 1, 1871
Feb. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1874
Oct. 2, 1875
Mar. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Mar. 1, 1869
Datk op
Birth.
Oct. 30, 1852
Nov. 26, 1855
Feb. 3, 1859
Sept. 17, 1856
Oct. 26, 1858
Nov. 6, 1861
Oct. 6, 1864
Oct. 25, 1866
July 26, 1869
Feb. 9, 1858
June 13, 1860
Sept. 30, 1856
Feb. 5, 1856
Feb. 27, 1857
Dec. 25, 1859
Mar. 19, 1853
Feb. 23, 1860
Jan. -25. 1861
Oct. 12, 1858
Dec. 7, 1857
Apr. 28, 1865
July 10, 1861
May 2, 1855
May 22, 1856
Apr. 16, 1861
P
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TolHnger, Marcaret J.
Tavlor. Marv C.
Troy, Lothania A.
Troy, Marv M.
Townseod. Mary A.
Travoer. Laura
Thomas. Ella V.
Trader. Ida
Trader. Rmma
Weiss, Sarah C.
Weiss. Mary Jane
White, Ida L.
Woodward, Rachel A.
Wagner, Marv M.
Wagner. Sal lie A.
Will. Matilda
Woodward, Carrie
Warner, Henrietta A.
Williams, Nellie
Williams, Martha A.
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The Home for Friendless Children, for the
Borough of Wilkesbarre and the County
of Luzerne.
HIS institution is located in the city of Wilkesbarre. It
was organized in 1862. The number of destitute children,
at this time, was greatly increased by the exigencies of the
civil war, then raging, which called many, fathers from
their homes, to engage in the defence of their country. Moved by
a sympathy, which was quickened by patriotism, a number of
worthy ladies of Wilkesbarre, of whom Miss Mary Bowman, a noble
Christian lady, was the leading spirit, met in March, 1862, to devise
a plan of relief This meeting was not fruitless. It was there deter-
mined that a Home should be opened for needy children. By the
kindness of a benevolent gentleman, the free use of a small house
on South Street was granted the ladies to be used for this purpose.
" With a fund of twenty-five dollars, and six little waifs," a begin-
ning was made, amid many doubtiugs and misgivings, yet with
prayers and faith. It soon became apparent that a larger and more
commodious building was needed. During the years of 1863 and
1864, the energies of the ladies were successfully put forth for the
accomplishment of this object. A building lot was secured on
Franklin Street. It contains one and a half acres of land, lacking
three rods square. One part of it, 100 by 198 feet, together with an
alley of ten feet leading from Franklin Street to the back end of the
lot, was given by the owners of the land to the institution, besides
a liberal contribution in money. The remainder of the lot cost
$2,832.00.
425
426 PEXXA. soldiers' orphan schools.
. Upon this site a substantial building, three stories high, and 50 by
100 feet, was erected in 1865. It is supplied with water from the
city works, — the water being taken to the second story, and
warmed by two furnaces. Its kitchen, pantry, and dining-rooms
are conveniently arranged and w^ell furnished. Its sewing-room,
clothes-rooms, dormitories, and school-rooms are well adapted to the
purposes for which they are used. The building affords accommoda-
tions for about eighty children, besides the necessary number of
attendants.
By the act of incorporation, the affairs of the institution are con-
ducted by a board of trustees, consisting of sixteen gentlemen, and a
board of managers of twenty-four ladies.
The Home is supported by donations from benevolent individuals.
The State, however, has at different times made appropriations for
its aid, amounting in all to $13,000. Five thousand dollars were
granted it by the Legislature of 1871, on condition that " the Judges
of the Courts of Common Pleas for the counties adjoining Luzerne
County, shall be authorized to commit and send to said Home for
Friendless Children those friendless children who may come within
the jurisdiction of said courts, or be subject to their order and dispo-
sition." This grant was accepted upon the condition named, and the
benefits of the institution were thus extented to friendless children
of Columbia, Carbon, Monroe, Schuylkill, Sullivan, Susquehanna,
Wayne, and Wyoming counties.
The lady managers have been for a number of years laboring to
raise an endowment suflicient to support the institution. This fund
now, 1875, amounts to $16,656.75.
In August, 1865, Dr. Burrowes, the State Superintendent of
Soldiers' Orphans, addressed a letter to the managers of the Home,
requesting them to take fifty or sixty orphans, under his care, into
their institution. These were to be young children, who were to be
transferred to schools where better educational advantages could be
had as they arrived at the age of ten years. The sum to be paid for
the education, maintenance, and clothing was fixed at $100 per
annum for each child. Already there was in the institution quite a
number of soldiers' orphans, as the patriotic managers had, from the
first, shown great readiness to receive destitute children whose
fathers had fallen in the defence of their country. For the support
of these orphans, the managers were, hitherto, wholly dependent upon
the contributions of the benevolent. By accepting Dr. Burrowes'
THE HOME FOR FRIENDLESS CHILDREN. 427
proposition, they would receive $100 yearly from the State, not only
for those sent, but also for the soldiers' orphans already in the Home.
Under these circumstances, the managers complied with the request
of the Superintendent, though the amount they were to receive,
according to their report of May, 1866, was "wholly inadequate to
pay the necessary expenses." The first soldiers' orphans were re-
ceived on account of the State in February, 1866. From time to
time, soldiers' orphans of the more juvenile class continued to be
sent to the institution, by the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans,
while, in the meantime, numbers were transferred to institutions of
a higher grade as they arrived at the suitable age for promotion.
The Home continued to assist in the good work till 1873, when, in
September of this year, all the soldiers' orphans in the institution
were, by order of the State Superintendent, transferred to schools for
the more advanced pupils. The whole number of soldiers' orphans
received in the Home, and supported by the State, is ninety-two.
The largest number at any one time in the Home was eighty-one.
It is but an act of justice to here record the names of several noble
men who greatly assisted the ladies in the difficult work of establish-
ing the Home, and sustaining it by their open-handed liberality.
Judge William S. Ross, Mr. W. C. Gildersleeve, Mr. George M.
Hollenback, and V. L. Maxwell, Esq., each gave $1,000. Judge
I. N. Conyngham, A. T. McClintock, Esq., and several others whose
names are not at command, donated $500 each.
The Board of Trustees, in 1873, was as follows :
Mr. Nathaniel Rutter,
" J.C.Phelps,
" J. W. Hollenback,
" W. L. Conyngham,
" W. W. Lathrope,
Mr.
J. P. Williamson,
C. M. Conyngham,
R. J. Flick,
A. T. McClintock,
C. E. Wright,
T. Burnett,
Mr. A. Ricketts,
Dr. E. R. Mayer,
Mr. L. T>. Shoemaker,
" W. W. Loomis,
" Joseph Lippincott.
The Board of Managers, in 1873, was as follows
Mrs. J. C. Phelps,
" F. V. Rockafellow,
" F. W. Hunt,
" A. R. Brundage,
" Joseph Lippincott,
" F. B. Hodge,
" Charles Parrish,
" S. D. Lewis,
Mrs. C. E. Wright,
" W. S. Ross,
" W. F. Dennis,
Miss Eliza R. Covell,
" Laura G. Brewer,
Mrs. F.J. Leavenworth,
" V. L. Maxwell,
" Lord Butler,
Mrs. Jesse Thomas,
" T. F. Atherton,
" W.C. Gildersleeve,
" Ziba Bennett,
" J. Lawrence Day,
" Matthew Wood,
" R. H. Williamson,
Miss Hetty Wright.
428
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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WILKESBARRE HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS. 429
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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Church Home for Children (Episcopal),
Angora, Philadelphia.
EVERAL homes for destitute children had already taken
their places among the charitable institutions in Philadel-
phia, when the Church Home was established; but all
were under the charge of miinagers belonging to the vari-
ous religious denominations, and the children were brought up with-
out any distinctive religious training. In 1856, it became evident to
a number of persons connected with St. Mark's Parish that the time
had arrived for the Episcopal Church to take her decided part in
training children to be useful citizens and members of her own com-
munion.
A meeting was held in January. Four ladies were present, and
it w^as decided (the Rev. Dr. Wilmer, of St. Mark's, offering to aid
them as far as practicable) to take a house and begin the work. Mr.
S. "Wilmer Cannell offered to become security for the rent of a house,
and a small one was taken at No. 1706 Sansom Street ; and by the
second of February the house was opened — furnished, in part, by con-
tributions in material, and with money given for that purpose. Prior
to this, however, a Board of Council and a Board of Managers had
been chosen from the St. Mark's, St. Luke's, and the Epiphany
Churches. All with equal energy pressed on this work, by soliciting
aid and interesting others in the labor of love ; and their hearts were
made glad by the entrance within its walls of the little ones they so
longed to protect.
The originators of this charity were as follows ;
431
432
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Pierce Butler,
George L. Harrison,
J. W. Kester,
Mrs. N. Hopkins,
Miss R. Henop,
Mrs. J.M.Hollingshead,
" G.T.Lewis,
" Alfred J. Austin,
" J. Anderson,
Miss Agnes Boyd,
Mrs. J. W. Kester,
" G. H. Boker,
Board of Council.
John Welsh,
Thomas Allibone,
Edward H. Rowley,
Directresses.
Miss M. AUinson,
Secretary.
Miss H. H. Patterson.
Treasurer.
Miss M. S. Cannell.
Managers.
Mrs. Henry Austie,
" Susan Collet,
" A. G. Gaw,
Miss Sarah Lewis,
" N. W. Fisher,
." Mary A. Gaul,
" Emily Wells,
Mrs. Moreton Stille,
Edward S. Buckley,
John R. Wilmer,
Rev. W. S. Hinds.
Mrs. F. R. Starr.
Miss Hockley,
Mrs. H. S. Biddle,
Miss C. W. Paul,
" Mary McHenry,
" Lenauze,
Mrs. C. J. Still6,
Miss Margaretta Lewis,
Mrs. John Clayton.
Much praise is due these loving hearts and energetic workers, who
planted, as it were, the acorn which has become the sturdy oak. St.
Mark's received the little family, soon numbering twenty-four, into
her parish school, where they were in regular attendance until July,
when Mr. James C. Vogdes offered a house in West Philadelphia for
two months, thus securing to the children the pure air of the country
during the heat of the summer.
In 1857, it became evident that the work must be enlarged, and
the modest little house was left for a larger and more convenient one,
at No. 1609 Pine Street. During this year the number of inmates
increased to thirty, and a lady was secured to teach the younger chil-
dren in the house. During this year, also, a fine lot at Twenty-
Second and Pine Streets was secured, and on October 10, 1857, the
corner-stone of a new building was laid by Bishop Potter.
In 1858, the children were again moved to a home especially pre-
pared for them. Thus, this work, begun * in faith, had, in less than
three years, become a church charity, fixed in the hearts of her people
for all time.
CHURCH HOME FOR CHILDREN. 433
The three churches that had begun the work had already been
joined by others, and the subscription list was enlarged by patrons
from all parts of the city. With increased accommodations, the
children multiplied, and soon the family numbered forty-eight.
In 1862, the building was entirely freed from debt. A small ground
rent, all that remained of indebtedness, was paid off. At no time
have the expenses been allowed to exceed the income, and with every
year's additions the funds required to supply the needs of the insti-
tution have never failed. Thus quietly did the charity live on, the
number of inmates yearly increasing. In 1864, there was received
from the State a very limited number of soldiers' orphans. The
building, pretty well filled already, only allowed the Managers to
offer the State authorities vacancies as they should occur.
The necessity for a home for the orphan boys of our brave soldiers
caused the organization of that excellent charity, the Lincoln Insti-
tution ; and, as soon as it was opened, the male soldiers' orphans were
transferred to it, making room for an additional number of girls.
In 1867, additions were made to the buildings, by which the Man-
agers were enabled to increase the number of children to fifty-eight,
seventeen of whom were soldiers' orphans. Feeling the necessity of
enlarging the charity, the Managers were called upon by the Bishop
to make another trial of faith. In September, 1869, a committee
waited on him at his rooms, and, after consultation, it was decided
that the time for a more extended work had arrived. One of the
^ Managers, knowing that certain property had been set apart for a
charitable purpose, whenever the time should come for its use, ap-
proached the owner, and the result was a gift, by Mrs. Ann G.
Thomas, of eleven acres of ground, near Angora Station, West
Chester and Philadelphia Railroad, to which was soon added two
acres, the site upon which the beautiful new Home now stands.
The corner-stone was laid October 29, 1870, the architect being
Mr. T. W. Richards. It was ready for occupancy in November,
1872; but, by the advice of the physicians, the children were not
moved into the building until May, 1873, on the fifteenth of which
month the Home was dedicated to the Father of the fatherless with
appropriate services.
28
434 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
Hardly had the Managers started in the new building, when it
became apparent that a chapel was needed to make the work com-
plete; and it was decided that they should proceed to erect one.
The architect was asked for a plan, which he furnished gratuitously ;
and as soon as the ladies had purchased from Mrs. Thomas a lot
immediately adjoining the Home, he was kind enough to contract for
its building ; thus securing, by his judicious management, a beautiful
stone church, complete, with the exception of bell-gable, for $10,000.
The chapel was consecrated May 15, 1875.
After the lapse of a little over twenty years, of the original
Board of Managers, six remain to reap the fruit of years of hope, to
gee a beautiful home building of serpentine stone in the midst of
grand old trees, with ample grounds, capable of sheltering within its
walls one hundred and fifty children, who are carefully trained and
instructed by teachers and matron, and, above all, taught how to
work. Thus those who began this work have lived to see this result :
two beautiful structures, entirely free from debt, with a family of one
hundred and twelve children, and room for more.
The noble Christian ladies interested in this work have had many
warm and generous friends to hold up their hands, and they hope to
do a great deal in the future for the orphan "and the destitute.
The new charity, not far from the Church Home — the Educational
Home for Boys — relieves it, in a measure, from the care of boys,
and it is gradually withdrawing from this part of its work, and
devotes itself almost exclusively to the training of girls, only taking
a boy when it is felt that he should not be separated from his sister.
As time passes, soldiers' orphans leave to go out into the world, and,
it is hoped, to be useful in their several stations.
The children love the Home which they have left, and, on the
occasion of the dedication of the Home, and the consecration of the
chapel, many of the former inmates were among those who rejoiced
in these services.
From time to time, legacies have been bestowed, and the Sanitary
Commission has not been forgetful of the orphans.
Rarely a child is received temporarily. As the chief object of the
managers is training, they require those placing children in the Home
to give them up until they are eighteen years old, in order to pre-
pare them not only to earn their living, but to guard against any
temptation to which they may be exposed.
CHURCH HOME FOR CHILDREN.
PRESENT MANAGEMENT.
BOARD OF COUNCIL.
President.
The Rt. Rev. William Bacon. Stevens, D. D.
Secretary.
George T. Lewis.
435
William P. Cresson,
Lemuel CoflBin,
Francis A. Lewis,
R. C. McMurtrie,
Israel W. Morris,
Thomas Neilson,
Mrs. G. T. Lewis,
Members.
Charles J. Still6,
William G. Thomas,
W. G. Boulton,
D. H. Flickwir,
George W. Childs,
John Welsh,
J. H. Dulles, Jr.,
William P. Pepper,
John S. Newbold,
E. S. Buckley,
Rev. J. W. Robins, D.D.
George T. Bispham.
BOARD OF MANAGERS
Directresses.
Mrs. C. J. Stills,
Secretary.
Miss Meredith.
Teeasuree.
Mrs. John Harrison.
Miss M. S. Lewis.
Mrs. S. W. Mitchell,
" I. T. Jones,
" C. R. King,
" E. Perot,
" G.C.Morris,
Members.
Mrs. J. W. Robins,
" F. A. Lewis,
" Robt. H. Hare,
" J. W. Sagers,
Miss M. Lennig,
" C.W.Paul,
Solicitor.
George T. Bispham.
Chaplain.
Rev. James W. Robins, D. D.
Mrs. W. B. Stevens,
Miss V. R. Bowers,
Mrs. I. W. Morris,
" 'John Fallon,
Miss E. S. Stanley.
Assistant.
Mr. Louis S. Osborne.
433
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
C Married to Jo8. H. Ker-
i nan in Sept., 1873.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
MMlliamstown.
West Chester.
Media.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Chesier.
Philadelphia.
Valley Forge.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
PottsviUe.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Germnnia.
Lebanon.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Media.
Phiiadelphii.""
Philadelphia.
I'hiladelphia.
Media.
Philadelphia....
Cabinet.
Lancaster.
Media.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
«c5,5««.e««
Philadelph
Philridelph
Philadelph
Philadelph
Philadelph
Phil.adelph
Philadelph
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May 31 , 1869
May 31,1869
Oct. 31, 1873
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Feb. 1, 1874
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Mar. 1 , 1870
Nov. 30, 1870
Feb.'lVi874"
Nov. 14, 1871
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Feb. 10, 1873
May 14, 1866
May 14, 1866
May 8, 1866
May 8, 1866
Mav 8. 1866
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Date of
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
Mar. 12, 1869
Feb. 21. 1866
Oct. 19. 1866
Jan. 19, 1866
Nov. 16, 1869
Jan. 12, 1866
Jan. 12, 1866
Mar. 1, 1866
Jan. 11, J866
Feb. 27, 1866
Sept. 16, 1869
Jan. 11, 1866
Jan. 11, 1866
Nov. 21,1867
Nov. 15, 1867
Jan. 18, 1866
Mar. 12, 1869
Nov. 5, 1869
Mar. 10, 1870
Sept. 1, 1872
Julv 13, 1866
Julv 13, 1866
Nov. 21, 1867
Mar. 1, 1870 '
Dec. 1, 1869
Mar. 8, 1867
Oct. 24, 1874
Apr. 26, 1866
Apr. 26, 1866
June 26, 1869
Oct. 7. 1870
Nov. 15, 1867
Dec. 20, 1868
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 28, 1870
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1. 1872
Auif. 9, 1867
Jan. 11, 1866
May 16. 1866
July 13, 1866
Sept. 16, 1869
Sept. 9, 1870
Aug. 9, 1867
June 12, 1866
Date op
Birth.
Aug. — . 1864
June 29, 1860
Apr. 4, 1862
J..n. 4, 1859
Apr. 3, 1861
Sept. 16. 1861
Apr. 3, 1860
June 29, 1860
Nov. 25, 1861
July 26. 1858
Apr. 14, 1861
Apr. 14, 1861
Apr. 14, 1859
Nov. 27. 1858
Mar. 1, 1860
Jan. 21,1858
Dec. 1, 1863
Oct. 18, 1864
Sept. 7. 1857
Feb. 28. 1858
Apr. 30, 1860
June 30, 1856
Jan. 23, 1855
Sept. 21. 1860
Feb. 20, 1864
Dec. 21, 1856
July 27, 1865
Mar. 8, 1857
June 12, 1860
May 4. 1864
Feb. 28, 1861
Mar. 24, 1855
May 29, 1860
Jan. 27, 1856
Jan. 27, 1856
July 6, 1862
Apr. 16, 1863
Ai.g. 25, 1859
Feb. 16. 1858
July 21, 1H56
Mar. 8, 1860
Deo. 28. 1857
Apr. 23, 1838
.Sept. 27, 1837
Apr. 28, 1857
Oct. 13, 1852
Julys, 1859
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Andrews, Rebecca J.
Andrews. Arabella
Barton, Mary
Brandt, Mary E.
Braun, Phillipine K. L.
Braun. Carolina F.
Cunimings, Elizabeth
Dougherty, Jane
Dougherty, Annie
Dav, Georgiana
Dunn, Marv J.
Edwards, Hannah K.
Esrey, Caroline
Ford, Mary L.
Ford, Margaretta
Foster. Mary E.
Groves, Eliza S.
Holden, Sarah 1
Hallman, Addie A.
Harnish, Alice
Harnlsh. Jane M.
Jone*. Eliiaheth L.
Jeffrie*. Sarah
Jeffries, Esther
Jeffries, Kmma
RlrKpatricIf Hannah
Kitts. Mary L.
McCloy, Mary C.
Miller. Mary
Martin, Clara J.
Michel, Sophia
00
9.
EM
CHURCH HOME FOR CHILDREN (EPISC.)^ PHILA. 437
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Philadelphia.
Philadelphia.
Phiadelphia....
Philadelphia.
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May 25, 1864
Apr. 15, 1861
Mar. 18, 1861
Dec. 5, 1858
Aug. 16, 1860
Oct. 29, 1863
Oct. 12, 1860
Sept. 8, 1858
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ST. JAMES' ORPHAN ASYLUM.
HIS Asylum is located at No. 119 North Duke Street,
Lancaster. The building is a two-story brick dwelling,
with bath-rooms, water-closets, &c. It has accommoda-
tions for sixteen children and the necessary number of
employees. Girls only are received, and they must be between the
ages of four and eight years. They are put out, when suitable homes
can be found, till eighteen years old.
The object of this charity is to take care of orphans of the Epis-
copal Church, though others are* not excluded. The vestry of the
church of St. James are, by act of incorporation, its Trustees.
This Asylum is the result of a legacy from the wife of Hon. Charles
Smith, to which was added another legacy from her sou, Theodore,
both amounting to about three thousand dollars. This sum, after
being invested a few years, was used in purchasing a lot and erecting
the building, which was done by Rev. Samuel Bowman, rector of
St. James' Church.
From 1839 to 1860, the sum of nine thousand dollars had been
drawn from the State treasury to aid this Asylum.
Since its organization, aboutthirty church orphans have been cared
for. For many years, Miss H. K. Benjamin served as Matron and
Teacher. In self-sacrificing devotion to the orphans, she had few
equals. Dr. I. L. Atlee has been the attending physician from its
organization to the present time.
Sixteen soldiers' orphans, at the expense of the State, have en-
joyed the advantages of this home. In September, 1872, all were
removed, most of whom were placed in the Church Home, Philadel-
phia. Their names are as follows :
Emma J. Cummings,
Elizabeth Cummings,
Alice Harnish,
Jane M. Harnish,
Clara J. Howard,
Esther Jeffries,
Emma Jeffries,
Sanih Jeffries,
Anna Lees,
Catharine Long,
Sarah A. Tollinger.
Rebecca Rinier,
Elizabeth Rinier,
Mandeena Tollinger,
Adrianna Tollinger,
Emily R. Tollinger,
438
BRIDGEWATER SCHOOL,
-^ I HOUGH the orplians of colored soldiers were included in
l^gj all the provisions made by the State for the education and
maintenance of destitute soldiers' orphans, yet no school
was Established for that purpose till the system had been
in operation for several years. A few of that class had been gathered
into the Home for Colored Children at Maylandville, Philadelphia ;
but further than this nothing had been attempted. In 1866, the
Philadelphia branch of the Freedman's Aid Society called public
attention to the neglect, and, as a result, in the following year, an
Act was passed by the Legislature, authorizing the establishment of
a school for the needy children of colored troops who had been killed
in the late war.
To assist the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans in carrying out
the provisions of this Act, the Freedman's Aid Society just named
purchased a building in Bucks county, known as Bristol College, a
large, beautiful, commodious, and substantial brick edifice, located
on the banks of the Delaware, and commanding a fine view of the
river and the surrounding country. To this is attached thirteen and
one-half acres of excellent land, two-thirds of which are under culti-
vation, and the remaining third is a beautiful lawn shaded with trees,
and is used as a play-ground.
But it was not sufficient merely to provide a beautiful and attrac-
tive home-school. The colored orphans scattered all over the State,
had to be searched out and brought to it. For this purpose, funds
were also furnished by the same society which had procured the
home, and one of its members, B. P. Hunt, Esq., in the spirit of self-
sacrifice, nobly gave several months of hard toil to seek and save
the lost.
410 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
In June, 1868, the school was opened under the control of the
Freedman's Aid Society. Mr. Isaac N. Flint was chosen to take the
immediate charge of the institution as Principal, and provided with
an able corps of teachers and other assistants. Mr. Flint's heart was
in the work, and he entered upon his labors with high hopes and
becoming zeal. After a trial of nine months, he became discouraged
with the many difficulties which beset him, and resigned. He was
succeeded by Mr. Archibald Batters, who also resigned after a stay
of eight months. For a short time succeeding his resignation, the
school was without a Principal, and, wanting in an efficient head, did
not prosper satisfactorily.
Hitherto the Aid Society had employed Principal, teachers, and
all other employees. Now it withdrew its supervision, and rented
the property to Mr. James Stitzer, who was recommended as a suit-
able person for the position by the then Superintendent of Soldiers*
Orphans. The members of the society, though no longer officially
connected with the school, did not cease to manifest a deep interest
in its success, and have ever remained its steadfast and generous
friends.
When Mr. Stitzer took charge of the school, it was in a disorgan-
ized condition, and discipline had to be established. Many repairs
were made, and the buildings, beds, etc., were thoroughly renovated.
Notwithstanding the many and great difficulties that had to be met at
the outset, the Principal, aided by his efficient assistants, persevered
in his efforts, till the Bridgewater School became, in order, neatness,
and fine appearance of the children, the model school of the State.
In reaching these results, too much credit cannot be given to the
Principal's excellent wife, Mrs. Stitzer, to whose kindness, patience,
perseverance, vigilance, and activity the school is greatly indebted
for the high standard it has maintained during the last five years of
its existence.
The whole number of children admitted into this institution since
its organization is two hundred and thirty-six — one hundred and
twenty-one boys and one hundred and eleven girls, of whom eighty-
four of both sexes now remain.
To Wm. W. Justice, Esq., and others, of Philadelphia, the school
Is indebted for repeated favors, among which may be named a dona-
tion of two hundred and sixty volumes of carefully selected library-
books, wliich have afforded much pleasure and information to the
orphans, and helped to cultivate a correct taste for reading.
BRIDGEWATETl SCHOOL.
441
Morally, intellectually, and religiously, this school compares favor-
ably with any of the class in the State. Many who have enjoyed its
advantages, have gone forth to fill positions of trust and usefulness.
Quite a number are teaching in the South with great success. It is
grati Tying to know that the efforts which have been put forth in
behalf of the colored soldiers' orphans have already yielded a rich
harvest.
For further information as to the establishment of this school,
see page 125.
We give the names of some of the persons who have been officially
employed in this school since its organization, viz. :
Mr. James Stradling,
Mrs. G. W. Stradling,
Mr. D. D. Chupin,
Miss Laura Stitzer,
Mr. Chas. McMahon,
Teachers.
Mr. Ed. Martin,
Mrs. P. J. Umstead,
Miss H. Emma Stitzer,
Mr. David Shultz,
" Frank Foster,
Miss Carrie Dodson,
" Sallie Aiken,
" Clara Phillips,
" Nora Gilpin.
Sewing-Room Superintendents.
Mrs. Elizabeth Wildey, Miss Matilda Carter, Mrs. J. Lynch.
Matrons.
Miss Mary J. Moore, Miss Tillie Brown,
Miss Amanda Burrows.
Miss Lizzie Corbit,
Steward.
J. Herbert Stitzer, Esq.
442
PENNA. S0J.DIER8' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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her mother.
her mother.
March 24, 1874.
her mother,
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t. .1,1875, by order of
e Superintendent,
hing school in
It Chester,
housework.
3ept. 11, 1874.
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Philadelphia.
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Colemanville....
Phil:idelphia....
Indiana.
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Oct. 11,1871
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Sept. 12, I.S6«
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Jan. 6, 1869
Oct. 10. 1874
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Feb. 22, 1861
Jan. 4, 1863
May 6. 1857
Dec. 12, 1865
Mar. 14, 1864
Oct. 28 1861
Mar. 9, 1856
Apr. 9, 1857
Sept. 15, 1863
Sept. 4, 1854
Oct. 11, 1859
Doc. 20, 1859
Oct. 16, 1861
Dec. 25, 1860
Jan. 31. 1862
Dec. 16, 1860
Feb. 10, 1862
Sept. 26, 1859
June 30, 1858
Sept. 17. 1858
June 24. 1862
Oct. 3, 1856
Doc. 6, 18,59
June 22, 18,59
Feb. 9, 1864
June 2, 1862
May 4, 1864
Sept. 7, 1857
Oct, 22, 1860
Sept. 7, 1861
Aug. 28, 1864
Aug. 31, 1861
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Apr. 14, 18,58
Feb. 16, 1860
Oct. 12. 1860
Dec. 25, 1864
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Oct. 22, 18,55
Jan. 9, 18,58
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Feb. 6, 1861
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JulV 27, 1856
Oct. 3. 1863
Apr. 2, 1861
May 15, 1859
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Jan. 28, 1857
June 30, 1859
Dorsey, Harriet A. E.
Enty, Agnes A.
En ty, Fannie E.
Enty, Jane A.
Emorv, Marion C.
Ford,"Louisa A. J.
Ford, Martha E. J.
Green, Martha L.
Gla.sgow, Marparet
Gover. Annie M.
Hall. Rachel E.
Hall, Amy E.
Hammond, Rachel
Hammond, Emma
Harris, Marth A. Q.
Harris, Eliza C.
Henry, Sarah J.
Jones, Sarah R. A.
Jones, Nancy A.
.Tones, Margaret M.
Johnson, Juliana
Johnson, Eva S.
Lum, Martha 0.
Lohmon, Louisa E.
Lyons, Corissa J,
Loney, Martha A.
Luff, Alice B.
Miller, Mary M.
Miller, Mary J.
Miller, Ida F.
Miller, Catherine A.
Milford, Eliza J.
Mason, Mary E.
Millon, Su.sie
Millon, Lauretta M
Millon, Alice G.
Mullen, Ida C.
Miravit, Lucy A.
Moodv, Mary L.
Nocho, Saralh
Nocho, 'Victoria
Nocho, Millzaia
Pruit, Bethania
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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BETHANY ORPHANS' HOME (WOMELSDORF)
HIS institution is under the control of the Reformed
Church. It was incorporated by the Legislature in 1865.
Formerly, it was located at Bridesburg, Philadelphia, and
known as " The Shepherd of the Lambs." In 1867, it
was removed to Berks county, near AVoraelsdorf, where it is now
situated. The building stands at the foot of South Mountain, in the
edge of timber which covers that eminence. It is one hundred and
twenty by thirty feet, three stories high, exclusive of basement, and
is made of brick. It is comparatively new, and was designed for a
summer resort when built. There is a very large spring of most
excellent water but a few feet off. The building and twenty-nine
acres of land cost thirty-three thousand dollars. In 1873, the Board
bought an additional tract of land of sixty acres, making a farm of
eiglity-seven acres, which is now under good cultivation, and affords
employment and comforts to the inmates.
The State, in 1871, appropriated three thousand dollars to this Home.
All other contributions have been derived from private sources.
No particular religious belief is required to entitle children to
admittance ; but all are taught the doctrines and required to observe
the forms of the Reformed Church.
On the 11th of January, 1*865, the first soldiers' orphans were
reipeived and provided for at the expense of the State. The whole
number of this class admitted is about one hundred and twenty-iive,
twenty of whom are still at the Home. The rest have been dis-
charged on arriving at sixteen years of age, or transferred to the
State schools for soldiers' orphans.
Rev. Emanuel Boehringer was the first Superintendent. He was
succeeded by Rev. John Gantenbine. In 1866, Rev. D. Y. Heisler
was called to the office, and was succeeded, on the 12th of October,
1868, by the present incumbent. Rev. D. B. Albright.
447
448
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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TRESSLER ORPHANS' HOME.
I HIS Home is located in Sherman's Valley, about midway
between Newport and Gerraantown, on an eminence slop-
ing north, south, east, and west, about four hundred yards
north of the village of Loysville, and one and one-half
miles from Sherman's Creek.
For health, purity of atmosphere, and variety, as well as beauty,
of scenery it rivals many, and is surpassed by but few in the State.
It is easy of access, a stage-coach running to and from the railroad
depot at Newport daily.
In the year 1865 a primary soldiers' orphan school was estab-
lished at Loysville by Superintendent Burrowes, under the princi-
palship of Captain D. L., but at present Rev. D. L. Tressler, now
President of Carthage College, Illinois, but then in the profession of
law at New Bloomfield.
The school was for the first eighteen months superintended by
Mr. Wm. Minich, and afterwards by G. V. Tressler. In the spring
of 1867 it became necessary for that part of the Lutheran Church
adhering to the General Synod in the United States of America, to
have a home for orphans under its own supervision and control.
After consultation with his brethren in the ministry and with the
State Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, and obtaining from him
a promise that orphans under his supervision would be sent to the
institution, the building and five acres of land adjoining were
purchased by Rev. P. Willard for the General Synod, and leased for
two years to Mr. Philip Bosserman, who took charge of the State
orphans and also of the charity children, the church paying a stipu-
lated sum for the keeping of the latter. In the meantime a charter
was procured in the name of the Trustees appointed by the Synods,
who obligated themselves for an equal amount of purchase-money
and other necessary funds for the proper management of the Home
451
452 PEXNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
under the rules and regulations of said Trustees. Subsequently,
twenty-seven and a half additional acres of land were purchased by
the Trustees, contiguous to the Home, making now a total of thirty-
two and a half acres. Mr. Bosserman, who lived at Newport, did
not take personal charge of the children, but employed others to '
discharge that duty. '
On the 1st of June, 1869, by action of the Board of Trustees, the
institution was put under the charge of the present Superintendent,
Rev. P. Willard. Through his efforts entirely new beds and bedding,
and much other furniture, were procured from churches and Sunday-
schools. Eighty soldiers' orphans and eighteen charity children
were in the institution at the beginning of his administration ; at
the present time sixty-two of the former and forty-six of the latter
are present.
The original building is of brick, sixty by forty feet, three stories
high, on the first floor of which are a school-room, forty by thirty-
five feet, and two recitation-rooms and an office. Immediately on
taking charge, Mr. Willard erected a new frame building, the first
floor containing a dining-room, forty-eight by twenty feet, and the
second story is used as a dormitory.
During the summer of 1875, the old cooking establishment was
torn down and a new 6ne erected of brick, two stories high, fifty by
thirty feet, containing separate apartments for cooking, baking, and
washing, together with a bath-house, suited for washing or bathing
either in warm or cold water, and conveniences for either plunge or
shower baths. The second story of the building aflTords five addi-
tional sleeping-rooms for employees or orphans.
The play-grounds, containing five acres, which are rolling and
always dry, are studded with fruit and shade trees of different varie-
ties, together with grape-vines of the choicest kind on trellis-work,
and evergreens and flowers in season in great number and variety.
These grounds are hedged on three sides with arbor-vitse, all calcu-
lated to charm the eye, cultivate the taste, and gratify the wants of
the passing moment. There has also been erected an ice-house,
with an apartment for the preservation of fresh meat, which can be
kept at the freezing-point in midsummer ; also a separate apartment
for milk and butter, a corn-crib, chickery, and, lastly, a barn, fifty-
four by forty-five feet, giving ample room in the lower story for
Htabling stock, and in the second story for the storage of grain and
provender. Thb barn is pronounced by all who see it the most sub-
TRESSLER ORPHANS^ HOME. 453
stautial, well planned, and convenient in the neighborhood. There is
also a fruit garden, consisting of nearly a half acre of ground filled
with strawberries, raspberries, plums, &c., which yield in abundance
those fruits which are so palatable to the tastes of children in the
early part of summer.
The farm of twenty-seven acres has become very fertile. There
is likewise a young orchard, containing two hundred apple-trees of
choice fruit and a little over two hundred peach-trees, with some
forty pear-trees, all beginning to bear, and will, in a few years, yield
an abundance for the wants of all the children.
The discipline of the school is parental; moral suasion is the
motto, coercion never being resorted to until every other means have
failed.
The moral and religious training of the children, as well as the
intellectual, is not overlooked. They are regular in their attendance
at church, either in one of the village churches, at least once every
Sabbath, or, if the weather is too inclement, in the school-room, where
services are conducted by the Superintendent. Sabbath-school is
held regularly every Sabbath afternoon, followed in the evening by
Bible class and prayer meeting, connected with reading and ex-
pounding the word of God. The religious instruction is all from
the Bible, which is the only text-book, without any reference to
creed or confession of any kind except the Apostles' Creed. During
the six years that Mr. Willard has had charge of the Home, some
sixty-five of the orphans have, after obtaining permission from their
mothers, united with one or another branch of the church.
The scholastic instruction has been thorough, the best of teachers
having been employed. The progress of the children has been
such that, in point of scholarship, they compare favorably with
those of the advanced soldiers' orphan schools of the State.
The following- persons have been employed at this institution since
June 1, 1869 :
Teachers.
Mr. George Sanderson,
" George W. Weaver,
*' Ira Wentzel,
" Herman F. Willard,
Mr. S.S. Willard, A. B.,
" L. A. Haffley,
Miss Nettie Willard,
" Elsie Berg,
Physician.
B. P. Hook, M. D.
Mr. G. M. Willard,
" A. M. Paff,
Miss Hattie Anstadt,
" M.L. Willard.
454
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
REMARKS.
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Sept. 3, 1867
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 18, 1866
Sept. 1, 1868
Dec. 1, 1868
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Oct. 30, 1857
May 20, 1855
Nov. 10, 1859
Mar. 1, 1860
Oct. 11,1859
Nov. 24, 1862
Dec. 25, 1860
Apr. 17, 1862
Aug. 27, 1866
Feb. 17, 1857
July 11, 1859
Apr. 24, 1858
Sept. 30, 1858
Apr. 7, 1859
June 25, 1856
Apr. 27, 1859
Jan. 12, 1858
Jan. 5, 1857
Jan. 28. 1863
Feb. 1, 1861
July 20, 1862
Aug. 14, 1857
July 11,1858
Jan. 19, 1861
Feb. 5, 1863
June — , 1863
Sept. 4, 1859
Oct. 10, 1860
Feb. 22, 1859
Dec. 6, 1860
Aug. 26, 1856
Apr. 1, 1857
Sept. 25, 1858
Nov. 29, 1863
May 19. 1859
Sept. 10, 1863
Aug. 14, 1858
Aug. 18, 1858
Sept. -23, 1856
Oct. 8, 1860
Oct. 30, 1858
Nov. 23, 1860
Jnn. 19, 1861
Feb. 6. 1859
Apr. 19, 1861
July 10, 1863
Jan. 28, 1857
Apr. 14, 1859
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Gannan, Theophllui
Givler, Samuel H.
Oivler, Levi L.
Glazier, John O.
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TRESSLER ORPHANS' HOME.
455
Learning telegraptdng.
( Now living with his
{ mother at Hixton,
} Jackson Co., Wis.
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Sept. 18, 1866
Mar. 18. 1868
Sept. 18. 1866
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1869
Sept. 1, 1873
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Aug. 28. 1856
May 22, 1867
Oct. is. 1869
Oct. 18, 1869
Oct. 26, 1869
Oct. 26, 1869
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 2, 1872
Dec. 10, 1872
Apr. 29, 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
June 16, 1865
Juue li, 1865
Juue 15, 1865
Sept. 20, 1885
Jan. 19, 1866
Jan. 19, 18<i6
Sept. 4, 1867
Oct. 14, 1868
Oct. 14, 1868
Jan. 5, 1871
Sept. 2, 1873
June 20, 1865
Sept. 4, 1865
Sept. 4, 1865
Sept. 8, 1865
Sept. 20, 1865
Apr. 14, 1866
Sept. 4, 1866
Oct. 10, 1866
Oct. 10, 1866
Sept. 1, 1867
May 31, 1865
May 31, 1865
July 5, 1865
July 5, 1865
Mar. 6, 1866
July 1, 1865
Nov. 1, 1865
Feb. 13, 1866
Feb. 1,1866
Sept. 24, 1866
Deo. 12, 1866
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 4, 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1. 1870
Feb. 25, 1H67
Dec. 2!), 1874
Julv 1, 1865
July 1, 1865
Julv 1, 18<i0
Sept. 11, 1865
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Hooper, \yilliam H.
Hess, William H.
Hess, Samuel E.
Hughes, William H.
Hughes, David
Hanuum, Harold K.
Homan, Howard W.
Hassenplugh, James A.
Kouff, Charles P.
Konold, George H.
Konold, Adam C.
Kriner, Daniel H.
Koons, David C.
Konns, James G.
Kriner, James 0.
Kerr. Jonathan B.
Kerr, Jonson J.
Keister, John W.
Kinsler, John J.
Lantzer, Sylvester
Lemon, William E.
Lemon, Leo L.
Lemon, Levi L.
Little, Erasmus G.
Lay ton, Robert M.
Liddick, Elnathan
Milson, Henry J.
Messimer, David W.
McCauley, Andrew J.
McCauley, James H.
McCauley, Jabez S.
Miller, John J.
Musser, Jacob F.
McManigle, James H.
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Morgan, William
Milson, John M.
Morton, Alexander R.
Newkirk, Joel H.
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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Home for Friendless Children for the City and
County of Lancaster.
N the year 1860, the idea was conceived of founding an
institution in which the poor, neglected children of the
1^^ ^i) ^^^y ^^ Lancaster could be cared for. The plan was car-
^^ ^==^\ ried into effect, and for a number of years accomplished
much good, by way of relieving the sufferings of many destitute and
very needy children.
In 1860, the ladies engaged in this noble work determined to
extend their charities to the suffering little ones in the county, and,
in order to make it a home for the needy and homeless ones in after
years, applied to the Legislature for a charter, which was obtained
MafTch 1, 1860, giving it the title of " Home for Friendless Children
for the City and County of Lancaster."
By the act of incorporation, the Managers are authorized to take
under their guardianship all vagrant children whose parents cannot,
or whose vices render them unfit to, take care of them. They are
also authorized to bind them out as apprentices to some useful trade
or employment. It is free from all sectarian influence, the Managers
being of all religious denominations. They strive, by training the
459
460 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
cliildren for useful, respectable citizens, to lessen the number who
crowd our prisons and almshouses, and drain the public treasury.
There have been times when the prospects were very discouraging,
but, through a kind Providence, the wants of the little ones have
always been supplied. The building — No. 47 South Queen Street
— originally occupied was purchased when the Home was considered
an experiment ; but this time having passed, it was determined, in
1867, to erect a suitable building for a permanent Home. The Man-
agers were at that time as follows :
MANAGERS.
President.
Mrs. S. M. Kramph.
Vice-President.
Mrs. Thos. E. Franklin.
Secretary.
Mrs. James Black.
Treasurer.
Mrs. John S. Gable.
Committee on Admission and Dismission.
Mrs. S. A. Cox, Mrs. Chas. M. Howell, Mrs. Geo. M. Kline,
Mrs. Christian Widmyer.
Committee on Education.
Mrs. John S. Gable, Mrs. Christian Rine, Mrs. Wm. Baker,
Miss Isidore Black.
Mrs. Dr. Messersmith,
** O. J. Dickey,
Household Committee.
Mrs. Geo. D. Sprecher,
" Elizabeth Reed,
" M. Ehler,
Miss Harriet Gaelbach,
" Elizabeth White.
Purchasing Committee.
Mrs. Gibbft, Mrs. John H. Pearsol, Mrs. Horace Rath von,
Mrs. Charles A. Heinitsh, Mrs. Christian Gast.
HOME FOR FRIENDLESS CHILDREN. 461
These ladies, accordingly, made an appeal to the humane and
charitable people of the city and county, which was liberally re-
sponded to, and by which they were enabled to purchase ground
situated on Ann Street, about half a square from East King Street,
on which they erected a fine, substantial edifice, built of brick, fifty-
five feet front by ninety feet deep, and four stories in height, in-
cluding basement and Mansard roof.
There are six acres of land attached to the new Home building,
which stands back one hundred and fifteen feet from the street ; the
grounds surrounding it (occupying about one-third of the whole) are
laid out in winding drives and walks, and planted with ornamental
trees and shrubs.
The remainder is devoted to the cultivation of fruits and vege-
tables. Private donations, to the amount of seven hundred dollars,
were expended in laying out and improving these grounds, and, in a
few years, they will present a very beautiful appearance.
The title of the property is vested in the Board of Trustees of the
Home for Friendless Children for the city and county of Lancaster.
The new building was erected at a cost of thirty-three thousand
seven hundred and forty-two dollars, and there is now an incum-
brance upon it of nearly five thousand dollars. This, it is to be
hoped, the liberal spirit of the community will not allow to remain
long unpaid, so that the institution may be able to accomplish its
charitable mission unembarrassed by financial burdens resting upon
the building.
This institution was among the first which received soldiers' or-
phans on account of the State. It was opened for this purpose
December 5, 1864. The number was very small at first, but at the
close of 1865 forty children of deceased soldiers were in attendance.
At the end of 1866, the number had increased to one hundred and
fourteen, and by January, 1867, to one hundred and thirty. From
this time the number began gradually to decrease, both by trans-
fer and by discharge on arriving at sixteen years of age. The ar-
rangement with this and other homes being temporary, preference
has been shown to the schools established by the State exclusively
for soldiers' orphans.
Miss M. L. Moore and Miss E. H, Martin deserve special mention
for their protracted and successful services as teachers, as also does
Miss Eleanor Spense for her continued efiiciency as matron ; and
Miss K. Holbrook has, as assistant teacher, given much satisfaction.
462
PENNA. SOLDIETwS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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children's home, LANCASTER.
463
Died Dee. 8, 1889.
Died Mar. 9, 1868.
Readmitted.
township.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Bart.
Bart.
Shepherdstown.
Shepherdstown.
Shepherdstown.
Spring Garden..
Knterline.
Mount Joy.
Bainbridge.
Bainbridge.
Lancaster.
Bainbridge.
Bainbridge.
Bainbridge.
Manheim.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Lebanon.
Lebanon.
Harrisburg.
Danville.
Danville.
Dewart.
Sunbury.
Reading.
Reading.
Dewart.
Allentown.
Salisbury.
Salisbury.
Lebanon.
Harrisburg.
Gordonville.
Gordonville
Harrisburg.
Wakefield.
Lancaster
Martic.
Penningtonville.
Lancaster.
Wakefield.
Wakefield.
Lancaster.
Marietta.
Linglrestown.
Linglestown.
Mount Joy.
Kutztown.
Harrisburg.
Carlisle.
Washington.
Mauve, Manor
May 31, 1874
May 31, 1874
Sept. 20, 1872
M H M M
Deo. 1,1868
Sept. 1, 1869
Nov. SO, 1867
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1868
Deo. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Apr. 21. 1867
Sept. 4, 1865
Sept. 4, 1865
Deo. 22, 1870
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
•isss
Sept. 1, 18-0
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Nov. 30, 18C7
Nov. .10, 1867
Sept. 26, 1867
Sept. 19, 1871
Sept. 19, 1871
Dec. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1870
Sept.' l','i869' ■
Oct. 6, 1873
Qont OS 1 ORT
Sept. 8, 1871
Sept. 1, 1868
Nov. 30, 1867
Dec. 1, 1868
Nov. 30, 1867
Nov. 30, 1867
Nov. 30, 1867
Oct. 1. 1868
Jan. 23, 1871
Sept. 14, 1866
Sept. 14, 1856
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
Sept. 1, 1871
lllll
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Chester Sp'gs
Mount Joy
White Hall
White Hall
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
St. John's 0. A.
Paradise
Paradise
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
White Hall
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
M'Allisterville
White Hall
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
M'Allisterville
Paradise
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
White Hall
White Haii
Mouut Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
M'Allisterville
White Hall
White Hall
Mount Joy
White Hall
White Hall
White Hall
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
1
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Oct. 22, 1859
July 30, 1860
Nov. 3, 1858
Oct. 6, 1857
June 5, 1859
Aug. 29, 1858
Dec. 17, 1861
Sept. 9, 1862
Mar. 1, 1858
.Nov. 27, 1859
Dec. 1. 1858
Nov. 10, 1861
July 10, 1864
Oct. 22, 1859
Mar. 16, 1855
Nov. 9, 1857
Nov. 4. 1859
Jan. 4, 1861
July — , 1857
, 1855
Sept. 5, 1858
Nov. 15, 1856
Dec. 8, 1858
Aug. 31, 1859
Sept. 14, 1861
May 27, 1860
Deo. 11, 1858
Mar. 10, 1860
June 20, 1857
Oct. 25, 1857
May 5, 1857
Dec. 19, 1859
Dec. 11, 1861
Aug. 3, 1860
Aug. 30, 1862
Jan. 7, 1863
Nov. 11, 1858
Oct. 19, 1860
Nov. 4, 1860
Jan. 7, 1863
, 1860
May n, 1858
Dec. 6, 1859
June 4, 1859
Aug. 14, 1857
June 6, 1859
Nov. 6, 1857
Feb. 5. 1858
Mar. 8, 1857
Feb. 26, 1859
Sept. 10, I860
Apr. 24, 1857
Dec. 28, 1856
Dec. 11. 1858
Sept. 15, 1858
Dec. 8, 1861
il
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Machamar, William K.
Miller, William H.
Muma, John
Muma, Leaman
Machamar, Edward C.
Means, William R.
Means, Isaac D.
Miller, Franklin 0.
Mahaney, James C.
Mclntyre, George
Mclntyre, Joseph
Michael, Jacob L.
Mathews, William 0.
Mclntyre, George
Newport, Amos
Phelps. William T.
Schmidt, Charles
Styer, Samuel E.
Styer, William P.
Sharlock, John
Stein, Henry
Shepler, Samuel J.
Shepler, Elias A.
It.
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.11
464
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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children's home, LANCASTER.
465
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11 iiiii
Spring Garden.
Lancaster.
Mount Joy.
Harrisburg.
Middleburg.
Mercersburg.
Lancaster.
Carlisle.
Lr.ncaster.
Kumown.
West Chester.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Lancaster.
Harrisburg.
Harrisburg.
Marietta.
Marietta.
Marietta.
Bainbridge.
Thorndale
Thorndale.
E. Hanover."""
: j j i i is
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Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 29, 1865
Sept. 29, 1865
Sept. 3, 1876
Deo. 1. 1868
Sept. 3, 1875
Jan. 23, 1871
Apr. 21, 1868
Sept. 4, 1866
Sept. 14, 1866
Nov. 30, 1867
Mar. 20, 1871
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1871
Dec. 1, 1868
Sept. 24, 1865
Apr. 6, 1868
Apr. 6, 1868
Dec. 1, 1868
Dec. 1. 1868
Nov. 30, 1867
Nov. 30. 1867
Chester Sp'gs
St. Jas. 0. A.
St. Jas. 0. A.
Chester Spgs
White Hall
Chester Spgs
Mount Joy
Catholic Ho.
Mount Jov
Wliite Hall
M-AUisterviUe
White Hall
Mount Joy
White'Hair"
Chester Sp'g«
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Paradise
Emmaus
Emmaus
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Joy
Mount Jov
Ilk
II II
• • ; • »
: : : :| : • : : : :
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Nov. 22, 1867
July 8, 1865
July 8, 1865
May 11, 1865
Sept. 3, 1866
June 7, 1866
Sept. 23, 1866
May 18, 1866
Oct. 14, 1867
Sept. 7, 1865
Mar. 29, 1866
June 20, 1866
Oct. 2, 18«i6
Mar. 27, 1865
Mar. 8, 1866
Apr. 1. 1866
Apr. 30, 1866
May 18, 1866
May 12, 1866
July 16. 1866
Mar. 20, 1865
Sept. 17, 1866
Sept. 17, 1866
Nov. 5, 1866
June 13, 1866
June 13 1866
Aug. 21, 1866
Dec. 6, 1866
Dec. 6, 1866
Mar. 1, 1869
Mar. 7, 1866
Jan. 2. 1861
Feb. 16, 1868
Aug. 25, 1859
Sept. 2, 1861
Oct. 27, 1858
June 7, 1862
Dec. 21, IWiO
Nov. 4, 1860
Oct. 22. 1857
Jan. 29, 1857
Jan. 22, 1S58
June 3, 185tf
May 17, 1860
Feb. 11, 1860
Apr. 3, 1858
Apr. 1, 1862
Sept. 9, 18.=)8
Nov. 6, 1859
May 12, 1862
Nov. 1, 1858
Aug. 7, 1856
Feb. 25, 1858
Aug. 12, 1860
Sept. 30, 18.i9
Sept. 10, 1858
July 5, 1856
Sept. 8, 1857
June 3, 1861
Dec. 3, 1857
July 12, 1862
July 22, 1857
Hunter, Rebecca J
Jeffries, Emma
Jeffries, Esther
Knight, Susan 0.
Kline, Jane A.
Knight, Ella A.
Kooms, Anna M.
Lay ley, Mary E.
Long, Catherine
Musselman, Catherine C.
Mahaney, Anna JS.
Moyer, Maria J.
Neal, Sarah J.
Steigerwalt, Elmira
Snyder, Emma E.
Shupert, Emma J.
Schreffer, Ellen
Shannon, Mary J.
Sharlock. Anna M.
Theis, Matilda W.
Thomas, Mary M.
Thomas, Frances A.
Weidman, Barbara A.
Weidman, Sarah '
Weidman, Mary
Wilhelra, Jane
5i? •=
Sa<&
111.1
MERCER SCHOOL.
HE Mercer Soldiers' Orphan School was established Jan-
uary 1, 1868, in the eastern part of the borough of
Mercer, county-seat of Mercer county. The situation is
a beautiful one, and as well adapted to this purpose as
any that could have been selected. A spring of soft, pure, cold
water gushes from the base of Bald Hill, on the east ; the west is
fringed by a winding stream, the excess of waters from numerous
springs. A beautiful natural grove ornaments the property and
affords an excellent and delightful play-ground for the children.
Nature's sweet and varied songsters, in season, inhabit this grove,
and appear intent on giving culture and refinement to the nation's
orphaned children.
To the natural beauties of this place, the hand of Art has added
its attractions. Maple-trees surround the buildings of the institu-
tion, and a line of the same bounds the property. Fountains have
been constructed on the ornamental grounds, the water being sup-
plied by the spring above mentioned. This spring supplies water for
all the seven buildings of the school; the water being conveyed in
pipes to whatever point it is needed. The buildings mentioned are
commodious, attractive, airy, and ample for the accommodation of
over three hundred children, in school-rooms, chapel, play-rooms,
laundry and wash-rooms, dining-room, and dormitories. The farm
connected with the institution is productive, and cultivated to great
advantage, through the labor-system of the school. Messrs. George
Reznor and J. G. White were the first Proprietors — the former having
charge of the business, and the latter of the educational department.
Mr. Reznor retired at the end of the first year, and Mr. White con-
4GG
-'
MERCER SCHOOL. 467
linued as Proprietor and Principal until March 1, 1874, when Messrs.
G. W. Wriglit, R. R. Wright, S. F. Thompson, and John I. Gordon
became Proprietors, and still continue such.
Of the first hundred children admitted to the school, few were over
eight, and a number under four years of age. This was called one
of the juvenile schools of the system ; but, in 1871, it was discovered
that the division of families, occasioned by placing those under ten
and those over ten years of age in different institutions, often widely
separated, was very unsatisfactory to mothers and guardians, and
primary schools are no longer known.
It was an arduous task to care for so many little ones during the
first two years, and this was especially so to those who had direct
charge. Mrs. Jane Findley, of Erie City, was the first matron
employed. This lady was the widow of a distinguished minister, and
was possessed of excellent culture and fine executive ability, and
brought to bear, in the discharge of her duties, the best qualities of
head and heart. Her name is still cherished by the children whom
she cared for so efticieutly, and by her co-laborers whom she so
greatly assisted by her knowledge, prudence, and sagacity. Mrs.
Findley was obliged, on account of failing health, to resign her posi-
tion in the year 1870. She was succeeded by Mrs. Wm. F. Dickson,
a woman of remarkable talents and culture, and who made promise
of great usefulness in this position ; but she was obliged to leave her
place on account of the ill health of her husband. Rev. Wm. F.
Dickson, who acted as Principal for a few months in the year 1870.
Mrs. Mary C. Galbraith was the next matron of the school, and
held the position for over four years. She was one who had no supe-
riors— intelligent, prudent, systematic ; and although the machinery
by which her different departments were conducted was complicated,
everything was harmonious. She was a model of order, ever busy
in superintending the work of the girls, correcting bad habits, giving
good advice, teaching cleanliness and neatness, and by her uniform
bearing affording a living example of a true lady and Christian
mother. The present matron is Miss Jennie Martin, a young lady
of large experience in connection with this S5^stem of schools, having
filled responsible positions at Dayton Soldiers' Orphan School ; and
notwithstanding her youth, she performs her work in a most satis-
factory manner. The above-mentioned matrons have had for their
lieutenants. Miss Lizzie Foust, Miss Dougan, Miss Maria Beggs, now
deceased, Miss Maggie White, Mrs. Martha Fowls, and Mrs. Eliza-
468 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
beth Johnston, wlio still remains, and is the mother of three of the
children of the school. These persons performed well their part
during their respective terms.
The educational department has been one of peculiar interest, and
a brief history of it may not be improper, as it is here the founda-
tion is laid for the great superstructure of practical manhood and
womanhood. Teachers, as a general rule, have been retained for a
long time, some being still with the school who began their services
here with its origin in 1868.
Mr. J. G. White, the former Proprietor, was first Principal, but
other duties required him to fill his place with another who could
devote his time to the educational department. Rev. Wm. F. Dick-
son, a man of high intellectual attainments and a teacher of large
and long experience, was employed. After a few months of earnest
and faithful labor, he was obliged to resign on account of ill health.
He was succeeded by Miss Sarah Pew, who remained two years.
Under her instruction the school made rapid and thorough progress,
and her excellent discipline soon brought incongruous and disorderly
elements under the rule of almost perfect law and order.
Prof. Wm. Bogle succeeded her, and is still the Principal. Mr.
Bogle has displayed a peculiar fitness for this place. He is a man
of thorough scientific and classical education, of large experience,
and of the highest type of moral character. How well, not how
much, is his motto. It is earnestly hoped that Mr. Bogle may
remain at his post until this system of schools expires by legal limi-
tation. The assistant teachers have been as follows : Miss Mary E.
White, Miss Josephine C. Smith, Miss Annie Williamson, Miss Bell
Orr, Miss Elmira Marsteller, Miss Amelia Leech, Miss Sadie Leech,
Miss Russell, Miss Hattie Pettit, Miss Allie Bogle, and Mrs. Wm.
Bogle, wife of the present Principal. Space will not allow a detailed
history of the services of each of these teachers ; but we must say
that all have done well, and to them the school is indebted, to a very
great degree, for the most enviable reputation it has achieved. Mrs.
Bogle has no superior as a juvenile teacher, and deserves the especial
thanks of the proprietors and patrons of the school, while the others
mentioned deserve to be ranked as our best educators.
Schools of this character cannot be conducted without an army
of other assistants, such as seamstresses, washwomen and laundresses,
cooks and bakers, farmers, and general managers. Mrs. Armstrong,
Miss Nannie Beggs, Miss Maggie Blair, Misses Reed, Miss Black,
MERCER SCHOOL. 469
Miss Carmichael, Mrs. Crawford, J. B. Nickum, and a few others
whose names we fail to recollect, all did good service, and added
greatly to the morale, good order, and efficiency of the school.
Messrs. Chas. H. White and John Black have been the local man-
agers or male attendants, Mr. Black being the present incumbent.
These gentlemen have both shown that they were fully able to dis-
charge their arduous duties in a satisfactory manner. S. F. Stewart,
Timothy Thomas, D. A. Eberle, and Warren Crooks have each acted
as assistant^ to the above-named gentlemen.
The department for manufacturing and repairing shoes has been
conducted by H. C. White and Mr. Ross, the latter-named gentle-
man still continuing to peg-away.
470
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
a a
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MERCER soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 471
Clerking in a store.
5 Employed in an organ
I factory.
Farming.
Farming.
Farming.
Farming for his mother.
Farming for his mother.
-( Working at a furnace
I. @ $1.35 per day.
Working in a brick-yard.
S Attending Edinboro S.
} N.S.
Farming.
Farming.
Teamster.
TitngTille
Parker's Land'g
Parker's L&nd'g
Hydetown
Fredonia
Fredonia
Dixon burg
New Castle
New Castle
Water Cure
Callensburg
Sheakleyville
Centretown
Mercer
Bradford
Wheatland
New Lebanon
Union City
Titusville
Titusville
SandvLake
SandV Lake
Clark's Mills
Clark's Mills
Sheakleyville
Reedsburg
Harrisville
Fertig
Fertig
Sharon
Conneantville
Lovell's Station.
Lovell's Station
Lovell's Station
Meadvllle
Mercer
Port Allegheny
Fredonia
Clarion
Clarion
Strattonville
New Lebanon...
New Lebanon...
Wheatland
Clarion
New Brighton...
New Brighton
Harniansburg...
East Brook
Barkeyville
Barkeyville
Adanisville
Oil City
North's Mills
North's Mills....
Sharon
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Oct. 8, 1874
Oct. 8, 1874
Oct, 6. 1874
Apr. 22, 1875
Apr. 22, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Mar. 30, 1876
Mar. 30, 1876
Mar. 1, 1868
June 4, 1869
Mar. 1, 1870
Nov. 14, 1870
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 19, 1873
Apr. 20, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Oct. 8, 1874
Oct. 7. 1874
Oct. 7, 1874
Apr. 20, 1868
Apr. '20, 1868
Feb. 6, 1873
Feb. 6, 1873
Mar. 31, 1874
Jan. 10, 1868
Dec. 29, 1870
July 11, 1872
July 11, 1872
June 19, 1872
Nov. 2, 1874
Oct. 5, 1874
Oct. 5, 1874
Oct. 5, 1874
Dec. 14, 1874
May 24. 1875
Sept. 17, 1875
Jan. 23, 1868
Jan. 10, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Jan. 10, 18(>8
Jan. 29, 1868
Jan. 29, 1868
June 23. 1868
Jan. 1, 1869
Sept. 2, 1872
Sept. 2, 1872
Oct. 11, 1874
Sept. 3, 1875
Feb. 17, 1868
Feb. 17, 1868
Mar. 27, 1868
May, 15, 1868
Jan. 25, 1869
Jan. 25, 1869
June 3, 1868
July 17, 1859
Deo. 23, 1860
.Mar. 13, 1862
Apr. 17, 1862
June 3, 1860
Jan. 16, 186i
Julv U, 1866
Aug. 25, 1862
Aug. 2'2, lH6t
July 15, 1862
Dec. 4, 1860
June 8, 1856
Sept. 9, 1861
Aug. 7, 1853
Mar. 29. 1S63
Oct. 16, 1864
June 13, 1866
July 11,1861
May 14, 18.59
Jan. 20, 1864
Feb. 5, 1859
Sept. 4, 1861
Sept. 3, 18.59
Dec. 7, 1861
Deo. 27, 1865
Jan. 11, 1860
Feb. 16, 18,58
Oct. 1, 1858
Jan. 13, 1861
Aug, 14, 18,59
Apr. 28, 1865
Feb. 12, 1859
Nov. 1, 1860
Aug. 29, 186,1
Aug. 16, 1862
Sep. 22, 1869
Apr. 18, 1861
July 30, 1860
Oct. 5, 1859
Julv 20, 1862
Juiy 14, 18,59
Jan. 20, 1858
Apr. 13, 1859
Oct. 7, 1856
Apr. '21, 1864
May 15, 1858
Mar. 20, 1861
Feb. 22, 18,59
Aug. 11, 1860
Mar. 20, 1862
May 11, 1858
De6. 13, 1861
Aus. 12, 1858
Apr. 7, 1855
Sept. 23, 1858
Jan. 6, 1858
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Frey, George W.
Fisher, Marcus W.
Olatzan, Rudolph W.
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Hardy, Oliver P.
Hardy, Henry B.
Hanna, David B.
Hatikey, John H.
Holmes, George
II
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472
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
REMARKS.
, Ashtabula CO., Ohio.
, Ashtabula CO., Ohio,
r Re-admltted by trans-
fer from Titusyille,
I Oct. 12, 1874.
Carpenter.
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In a large clothing store.
Work'g in a cheese fac'y.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN
AT Home.
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Feb.M,' 1875 '
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Titusville
3 ••■;••• •
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Date of
Admission
on Order
OR BY
Transfer.
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Date op
Birth.
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Hunter, Jamea
Hall, Charles P.
Hall, DaTid L.
Hoaston, William
Hoag, George B.
Henderson, Jamea D.
Henderaon. Clarence R.
M^or.rYt irilM.n. K
Howard, George A.
Hoffman, Edgar E.
Higley. James C.
Hughes, John E.
Hughes. William D.
Hall, William
Hall, Edward
Jones, Frank G.
Klingensmiih, Jacob H.
Klingensmith, Wm. M.
Kitch, George W.
Kitch. William H.
Krumbine. Samuel J.
Keth, David
Kerr, Charles A.
Koeler, Henry
K<«ler, Louis
King, George
Lock, Joseph A.
Leary, Elmer E.
Lotz, William
Lotr, John R.
Moore, Ellis E.
Moore, William P. 8.
Moore, Benjamin A.
Moore, John A. O.
McCov, William A.
McKee, Harrv K.
Mattocks John L.
McGee, John B.
Miller. James Y.
Milliken. Walter B.
McCombs, Alonro J.
McGuire, John W.
Minner, Harrison P.
II
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MERGER soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL.
473
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474
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
^
1
Attending pnbUo school.
tion.
[EmlentOB.
Clerk in drug store in
Keeps a news depot.
Farming.
Learn'g coach-painting.
Died June 1, 1871.
Farming.
In a printing-office.
< Clerk in Recorder's of-
l flee, Mercer.
J Clerk in Prothonotary's
i office, Mercer.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
2<^«ai
Nickleville.
Nickleville.
Centre Road SU
Mercer.
Oil Creek.
Irwin.
Chandler'sVal'y.
Titusville.
Titusville.
West Freedom..
Parker City
Parker City.
BarkeyviKe
Barkeyville.
New Vernon.
Limestone.
Limestone.
Mercer
Harrisville.
Harrisville.
Reidsburg.
New Castle
Prospect
Prospect.
New Lebanon...
Erie
Erie.
Meadville.
Wesley.
Weslev.
Harrisville
New Castle.
Rose Point.
Wesley.
Lottsville.
Six Points.
Greenville.
Prentiss Vale.
Knon Valley.
Rnon Valley.
Mercer.
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June 30, 1875
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July 13, 1874
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Titusville
Titusville
Titusville
Titusville
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Date op
Admission
ON Order
OR BY
Transfer.
Apr. 3, 1875
Apr. 19, 1869
June 10, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3. 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
June 15, 1870
Oct. 5, 1874
Nov. 2, 1874
Oct. 16. 1874
Oct. 12, 1874
Oct. 11, 1874
Jan. 15, 1868
Mar. 7, 1868
Mar. 7, 1868
Mar. 25. 1869
Mar. 25, 1869
Sept. 27. 1874
Jan. 18, miS
Jan. 18, 1868
Jan. 20, 1868
Feb. 22, 1868
Mar. 10, 1868
Mar. 10, 1868
Apr. 1, 1868
June 29. 1868
July 1, 18C8
July 1, 1868
Sept. 7. 1868
May 25. 1869
Mar. 3. 1869
June 3, 1869
Feb. 24, 1870
Feb. 24, 1870
Oct. 25, 1870
Sept. 8, 1871
Oct. 21, 1872
Sept. 1, 1874
June 4. 1875
Sept. 3, 1H75
Deo. 18, 1875
Sept. 1, 1H68
Apr. 1, 1875
Apr. 1, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
P
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Tove. Elmore
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Vogus, Andrew J.
Voorhies, Burton
Weckerly, Andrew F.
Weckerlv, George W.
White, Joseph C.
Walker, William
Woods, David H.
Whitlock, Orion L.
Weber, Washington 0.
Weber, Geor«e B. MoC.
Whitman, Willis I.
Whitney, Charles E.
Whitney, Ernest K.
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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MERCEE soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 477
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26, 1864
17, 1861
15, 1862
3, 1860
1, 1865
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10, 1866
17, 1863
20, 1860
26, 1861
6, 1863
2, 1860
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PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
a
Attending school.
( Attended Edinboro' S.
\ N.S. one year. Since
( married.
Married.
Living with her nncle.
[N. S. one year.
Attended Edinboro' S.
Married Chas. Simcox.
Married Thos. Wilson.
Married.
J Attended Edinboro' S.
\ N. S. one year.
With her mother.
( Re-admitted by transfer
< from TitusvIUe, Oct.
( 8, 1874.
With her brothers.
Marr'd Harvey Campbell.
With her mother.
Attending aohooL
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
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Stonertown.
Williamsburg...
Williamsburg.
Mercer
Pittsburgh
New CasUe.
New Castle
Newcastle
Rimersburg.
Modoc
Modoc.
Hariisville.
Annandale
Annandale.
Smithport.
Sheakleyville.
Steuben
Sheakleyville.
Sheakleyville.
Plum.
West Greenwood.
NickleviUe.
Spartansburg.
Wolf Creek
Wolf Creek
Cooperstown.
Cooperstown.
New Castle.
Mercer.
FrankUn,
Oil Creek.
Chandler's Val'y
Titusville.
Barkeyville.
Barkeyville.
New Vernon.
New Vernon.
Mercer
Meroer.
Meroer.
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OR BY
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Nov. 26, 1862
Apr. 15, 1862
Aug. 3. 1861
Dec. 18, 1858
Oct. 7, 1863
Aug. 6, 1861
Feb. 13, 1855
Apr. 20, 1862
Apr. 19, 1859
Feb. 10, 1861
June 18, 1858
June 15, 1856
July 18, 1861
Sept. 12, 1855
Aug. 25, 1858
May 3, 1860
Dec. 20. 1858
July 11, 1861
Mar. 9, 1861
June 15, 1858
July 19, 1860
July 3, 1862
Apr. 6, 1861
May 9, 1860
Apr. 14, 1863
June 21, 1865
Aug. 14, 1862
Feb. 27, 1860
Aug. 15. 1868
July 17, 1861
Feb. 14, 1856
Feb. 14, 1856
June 8, 1858
Aug. 3, 1862
Mar. 24, 1861
Dec. 11,1860
July 20, 1864
June 24, 1864
Oct. 18. 1861
Mar. 12. 1863
May 14, 1865
Aug. 16, 1860
May 8, 1862
Jan. 10, 1869
Oct. 12, 1870
May 18, 1&58
May 11,1862
Sept. 28, 1862
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Steele, Ada A.
Steele, Mary J.
Shaffer. Clara, A.
Sloan. Elizabeth J.
Sloan. Sarah E.
Sacket, Esther J.
Sacket, Elizabeth M.
Swartz, Mary R.
Stevens, Lanra
Seaton, MariUa
Stevenson, Mary J.
Steven.son. Clara J.
Sloan, Alice J.
Small. Seva S.
Stearns, Mary B.
Small, Alice H.
Small. Hannah R.
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Thom, Grace 0.
Thom, Eva May
Thompson, Martha M,
Toye, Henrietta
Thomas, Maggie A.
Tenney, Louisa J.
Tobey, Nellie
Taylor, Annie L.
Vogus, Nancy E.
Togus, Freelove
Voorhles, Elizabeth B.
Voorhles, Rebecca A.
White, Rebecca J.
White, Clementine
MERCER SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOL,
479
0
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Linesville.
Rose Point.
Rose Point.
New Castle.
Lottsville.
Lottsville.
Lottsville.
Six Points.
Prentiss Yale.
Mercer.
Mercer.
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Apr. 1,1868
June 29, 1868
Sept. 7, 1868
Feb. 24, 1870
Sept. 11,1870
Sept. 2, 1872
Oct. 21, lh72
Oct. 21, 1872
Apr. 8, 1875
June 4, 1875
June 4, 1875
June 4. 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 3, 1875
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 4, 1860
May 9, 1859
July 25, 1855
Oct. 18, 1859
Oct. 11, 1861
Feb. 23, 1863
Jan. 11, 1861
July 23. 1865
Apr. 25, 1862
Jan. 30, 186*
Aug. 3, 1866
Jan. 3, 1869
Mar. 18, 1862
Feb. 1. 1861
Mar. 2, 1864
Sept. 28, 1866
1
5
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Wade. Nora A.
Wright, Maggie J.
Wright, Laura A.
Woods, Ella S.
Woodward, Mary E.
Woodward, Lucinda J.
Woodward, Roxana V.
Wallace, Rachel B.
ii
Iff
MANSFIELD SCHOOL.
HIS institution, located at Mansfield, Tioga county, had
its origin in a desire to establish a model school for the
State Normal School of the Fifth District. Its proprietor,
Prof. F. A. Allen, who was, at its commencement. Prin-
cipal of the Normal School, finding it impossible to make a satisfac-
tory model school out of the pupils in the town, determined to pro-
cure, if possible, a limited number of soldiers' orphans for whose
education and maintenance the State had made provision. To this
end, he made application to the Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans
for twenty-five boys and twenty-five girls ; and, on the 1st of Oc-
tober, 1867, the school was opened. At the close of the year, the
number in attendance was sixty-three. The educational department
was at once organized as a model school, and placed under the
charge of normal graduates, and this, at the same time, constituted
the school of practice for the seniors of the Normal School, they, in
turn, teaching quite a number of classes.
The difficulties to be met and overcome were not unlike those ex-
perienced at other schools, and it is not a matter of surprise that
considerable time elapsed before the heterogeneous material could be
moulded into one harmonious whole. Not only were the pupils
strangers to each other>and to those in whose care they were, but
teachers, and those employed in the domestic and industrial depart-
ments, were unfamiliar with their new duties, and had to learn by
the slow process of experience. During the first year, it was difii-
cult to obtain suitable help, especially for the work out of the school-
room, and frequent changes were necessarily made before this could
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MANSFIELD SCHOOL. 481
be accomplished. To properly adjust the various departments, so
that they could run without friction, was not an easy task. No
one connected with the institution had had any practical knowl-
edge of the workings of a school of the kind, and, notwithstanding
the rules and regulations furnished by the State authorities, it re-
quired time and patience before a satisfactory organization could be
perfected. At length, however, perfect system was established, under
the judicious care and persistent efforts of those who had the matter
in hand ; and to Mrs. S. M. Etz, a soldier's widow, is especial credit
due for her valuable pioneer services in giving shape and character
to the institution while yet in its infancy.
The building at first occupied had been used as a store, and,
though remodelled, was poorly adapted to the purposes of a home
and school. This was no small hindrance to immediate success.
The children, fortunately, did not realize their inconveniences, and
were contented and happy. Very soon after the opening of the school,
it was found impracticable to limit the number of pupils to fifty, as
was originally designed, and other and larger buildings were pur-
chased and erected, as the demands of the school enlarged, till there
were accommodations for over two hundred pupils.
In 1869, when Prof. Allen resigned the Principalship of the Nor-
mal School, the orphan school was changed from a school of practice
to a school of observation, — the results being far from satisfactory,
while the orphans were experimented upon by fledgling seniors. At
this time the school, educationally, was recast and divided into grades,
each having a permanent teacher. In 1870, five grades, or divisions,
of the school were made, each occupying separate rooms, under a
special teacher, and a method of teaching adopted upon the plan
of what Prof. Allen calls " a new departure in education." This
consists in classifying all the studies under three heads, viz. : lan-
guage, mathematics, and physical science. In regard to this pet
scheme of his. Prof. Allen, in one of his annual reports to the State
Department, says :
*' Our school consists of five grades ; these constitute separate and dis-
tinct departments, and are under the immediate supervision and instruc-
tion of one teacher in each. The number of pupils in each grade is about
forty. Three distinct departments of study are daily pursued in each grade,
viz. : language, mathematics, and science. Believing, as we do, that the
elements of these departments of study may be taught successfully to the
youngest child permitted to enter our schools, we select from each such
31
482 PENNA. soldiers' orphan schools.
branches as seem best to meet the wants of our children, and such as we
deem best calculated to develop harmoniously the faculties of body, mind,
and heart. Physiology, botany, and local geography in science — the ele-
ments of geometry and processes in arithmetic and its tables in mathe-
matics— the constant correction of improprieties in speech, and the no
less constant work of teaching how to tell what they know in good English,
together with the training of each child to write, so that all his school
requests are in writing, and in the department of language we find not
only highly useful, but practicable. Our teaching, in the main, is given
without books. The subject of study, when taken up, is first taken into
the mind and heart of the teacher, who seldom fails to give to it a life
and freshness that appetizes the class, thus creating a desire for more.
After each class recitation, pupils are required to reproduce in writing the
lesson before the class. It will be readily seen that this process secures
a closer attention during recitation, greater accuracy in language, and
clearness in thinking. It makes our teachers more studious in prepara-
tion, for without this daily exercise the teaching must be a failure. They
must, of necessity, be far more accurate in statement and definition. But
the limited space of this report will not allow of further details touching
this ' new departure.' "
A more complete account of the educational work of this school
than can be given in this brief sketch may be found in the Oireiilar
of Information of the Bureau of Education, November 6, 1875, page
83. The "new departure" is a feature of tl^e school of which
Prof. Allen is proud, and earnestly and persistently advocates ; and
he, being a successful teacher and a veteran in the cause of educa-
tion, is certainly entitled to a candid hearing, and his utterances are
worthy of the thoughtful attention of educators of youth.
Two brass bands have been organized at this school, a set of in-
struments costing two hundred and eighty-five dollars purchased, and
the boys frequently discourse excellent music, to the evident delight
of the inmates of the institution and the surrounding villages.
It is to the credit of this school that, from its origin, it has been
in harmony with the rules issued from the State Department, — that
teachers and other employees should, in the dining-room, occupy the
lieads of tables, eat the same kind of food as the children, and in-
struct them in the proper use of the knife and fork, and other pro-
prieties.
In the summer of 1872, a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, a
short distance out of town, was purchased, in order to aflJbrd em-
ployment and instruction to the boys. Here they work the allotted
MANSFIELD SCHOOL.
483
two hours daily, uuder the eye of a kind-hearted, intelligent, and
practical farmer, and receive that assistance and direction that a
father is wont to bestow upon his own sons. The girls are carefully
taught to do all kinds of housework and plain sewing.
As an act of justice, we would state, before concluding, that Prof
V. R. Pratt, a Normal graduate, took charge of this school as Prin-
cipal at the beginning of the second year, and continues to serve in
that capacity. During the past few years, he has had the entire
control and management, as much so as though he were proprietor.
He possesses fine qualifications as a teacher, and is a kind-hearted,
genial gentleman.
Teachers.
Mis9 Myra Horton,
" F. M. Wright,
" Flora Brewster,
Miss Stella Young,
" Minnie Reynolds,
" Joaeph'e Stewart,
Miss Nettie Hunt.
Miss Lizzie Haines,
Mr. Burt W. Baker,
Miss Eachel La Eue,
Mrs. Phebe Utley,
" Sophia Hall,
" Frances Cook,
Miss Lettie Shellman,
Matron.
Miss A. M. Simpson.
Employees.
Mrs. Mary Catlin,
" Ann Burnham,
." H. Freeborn,
" Charlotte Ingham,
Mrs. A. L. White,
" Rhoda Vawegen,
" Frances Fling,
" EhodaBixby.
484
PEXNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
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MANSFIELD SOLDIEES' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 485
Besdmitted Apr. 25, 1875
With his mother.
With4ki8 mother.
With taia aotber.
With his motber.
With his mother.
Teamster.
rContinues his studies
in this school, and
■ works in the bakery to
pay his tuition and
With his mother.
With his mother.
Parming.
il
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Mar. 26, 1870
Sept. 10, 1873
Oct. 9, 1873
May 9, 1873
Oct. 6, 1870
May 8, 1874
Sept. 1, 1869
Jan. 12, 1874
Jan. 12, 1874
Jan. 12, 1874
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 8, 1871
Oct. 15, 1874
Oct. 15, 1873
Mar. 17. 1873
Nov. 2, 1874
Jan. 1, 1873
Sept. 3, 1875
Mar. 30, 1872
May 23, 1872
Nov. 18. 1868
Sept. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1868
Apr. 4, 1872
May 28, 1869
Nov. 5, 1867
Sept. 1, 1872
Nov. 25, 1871
Sept. 11, 1871
Sept. 15, 1870
Sept. 1. 1871
Feb. 10, 1870
May 6, 1869
Sept. 7, 1868
Nov. 3, 1869
Apr. 8, 1875
Oct. 1, 1867
Oct. 1, 1867
Sept. 1, 1673
Oct. 6, 1871
Oct. 6, 1871
Sept. 3, 1875
Oct. 1, 1867
June 12, 1871
May 22, 1871
Dec. 10, 1874
Dec. 10, 1874
Sept. 1, 1871
Oct. 1, 1867
Oct. 1, 1867
Jiiue 28, 1870
Feb. 24, 1873
Feb. 24, 1873
Sept. 1, 1870
Dec. 6, 1871
<
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Dickerson, William S.
Divine, John
Divine, Orlando
Divine, Frank
Doebler, Thomas S.
Dodd, William
Downing, William
Drake, John H.
Dudley, Elmer N.
Drake, Ellet G.
Elliott, Elmer E.
English, Samuel E.
m
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Gee, Henry
Gilmore, George F.
Godden, Charles
Graves, Hiram P.
Graves, Melvin
Hakes, Frank
Harvey, Asa R.
Harvey, Adolphus L.
Hermans, Cassius
Hertle, Charles
Higgins, Emerson C.
Hotchkiss, Thomaa
Howard, Jesse
Howe, Orison W.
Howe, Pharson W,
Howe, Frank.
Hulslander, Jacob
Hurd, Elias A.
Hurd, Isaac M.
486
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
05
M
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5 Assistant postmaster at
Mansfield, $22 per mo.
(■Apprenticed to tinner
< and plumber trade.
\ Died Feb. 9, 1869, of
L brain fever.
With his mother.
With his mother.
LiTing vith Us mother.
*
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
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OR BY
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Jan. 29. 1874
Jan. 20, 1874
June 1, 1868
Sept. 1, 1873
June 1, 1868
June 1, 1868
Nov. 10, 1871
Sept. 1, 1870
Apr. 3, 1874
Oct. 15, 1872
Dec. 18, 1874
Sept. 1, 1868
Oct. 1, 1867
Oct. 1. 18r.7
Oct. 30, 1871
Apr. 27, 1869
Oct. 1, 1867
Jan. 1, 1868
Nov. 14, 1871
June 1, 1868
Jan. 5, 1871
Jan. 5, 1871
Jan. 26, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Sept. 1, 1873
Dec. 29, 1873
Sept. 1, 1874
Oct. 1, 1867
Oct. 1, 1867
Jan. 7. 1875
Apr. 15, 1873
Apr. 12, 1872
Apr. 12. 1872
Apr. 12, 1872
Mar. 11, 1872
May 7, 1872
Oct. 1, 1867
June 23. 1871
Dec. 9. 1842
July 19. 1871
Sept. 1, 1873
Oct. 1, 1872
Oct. 1, 1872
Jan. 25, 1870
Jan. 25, 1870
Nov. 13, 1873
Mar. 5, 1872
Feb. 2, 1871
Feb. 2, 1871
Oct. 16, 1864
Aag. 1, 1860
June 30, 1857
May 30, 1859
Aug. 20, 1853
Nov. 4, 1859
Sept. 29, 1857
Feb. 18, 1860
Oct. 22, 1864
Feb. 17, 1863
May 11, 1863
Aug. 6, 1853
Jan. 20. 1858
Oct. 6. 1852
July 22, 1861
May 18, 1861
Jan, 20, 1858
Apr. 15, 1855
July 2, 186;i
Jan. 1, 1856
Jan. 9. 1859
Jan. 9, 1861
Nov. 7. 1862
June 20. 1861
Sept. 16, 1882
Nov. 29, 1861
May 28, 1860
Feb. 3. 1852
Nov. 12. 1855
Feb. 25, 1861
Sept. 8, 1860
Dec. 3, 1862
Oct. 9, 1860
Dec. 29, 1856
July 23, 1863
Dec. 11, 1863
June 6, 1856
July 2, 1861
Nov. 22, 1861
Jan. 22. 1860
Sept. 29, 1860
May 6, 1859
Feb. 10, 1868
Oct. 1, 1861
Sept. 22, 1866
Jan. 7, 1860
Oct. 14, 1860
Jan. 15, 1858
Nov. 2, 1861
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Lester, Levi R.
Lyons, John H. V.
Lrmaa, George B.
iTatbews, James K.
Mack, Don W. B.
Mack. Curry F.
Martin. George M.
Mathews, John N.
Mathews, Ctealand A.
Matterson, Arthur
McCann, Levi O.
McCann, Jacob •
McCann, Mark
1
Mclntire, Aaron B. B.
McConnell. Alonzo B.
McConnell, Frank M.
McConnell, Kli Q.
Miller, Clarence
Montgomery, John W.
Montgomerv, Henry E.
Mosher, George A.
Mumford. Eugene D.
Newton, Elisha T.
Newman, Wallace
4A
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MANSFIELD SOLDIERS^ ORPHAN SCHOOL,
487
With his mother.
With his mother.
Working in a paint-shop.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
With his mother.
Attending Normal School
Attending Normal School
With his mother.
With his mother.
Clerk in bank, Mansfield.
Towanda.
W. Burlington.
Troy.
Cogan Valley.
Cogan Valley.
Salladyburgh.
HolMdaysburg.
Liberty.
Chatham.
Tow.-inda.
Canton.
Le Rov.
Mansfield.
2 :
III
Jersey Shore....
Tioga.
Tioga.
Tiopa
Sylvania
Tioga
Wellsborough...
Wyalusing.
Mansfield.
Wellsborough.
Rose Valley
Rose Valley
Sheshcquin.
Athens.
Wellsborough.
Wellsborough.
Wellsborough.
Knoxville.
Williamsport....
Williamsport.
Williamsport.
Chatham.
Elmira. N. Y.
Monroe ton.
Highland.
Roulette.
Roulette
Athens.
Athens.
Le Roy.
Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield
Mansfield
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May 8, 1874
Sept. 1, 1868
May 22, 1874
Dec. .30. 1873
Dec. 17, 1872
Nov. 12, 1873
May 28, 1874
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June 1, 1868
Feb. 15, 1870
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Sept. 8, 1868
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Oct. 1, 1867
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Sept. 28, 1869
Dec. 19, 1867
Apr. 9, 1874
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Sept. 16, 1868
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Oct. 7, 1870
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May S. 1863
Oct. 29, 1860
Feb. 1, 1853
Mar. 31, 1860
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Sept. 13, 1860
Jan. 12, 1660
Sept. 22, 1852
Apr. 30, 1861
July 10, 1864
Jan. 22, 1859
Mar. 6, 1861
Feb. 11, I860
Mar. 8, 1864
Oct. 3, 1855
July 26, 1859
Apr. 29, 1857
Feb. 15, 1857
June 30, 1860
Apr. 18, 1802
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Nov. 4, 18,58
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(Attended Mansfield S.
< Nor. School one vear.
( Is now teaching. '
5 Attending Mansfield S.
I Normal School.
5 Attending Mansfield S.
I Normal School.
Living in a private family
I a farmer.
With her mother.
Married Mr. King.
Mansfield.
Steamburgh.
Le Roy.
Jersey Shore.
Jersey Shore....
Limestone.
Limestone.
Lock Haven.
Towauda.
W. Burlington.
Cogan Valley.
Mansfield.......
Mansfield.
Ansonia.
Ansonia.
Ansonia.
Canton.
Canton.
Wellsborough.
Wellsborough.
Canton .
Le Roy.
Westfleld.
Jersey Shore.
Tioga.
Tioga.
Mansfield
Mansfield.
Wellsborough.
Wellsborough.
Mansfield.
Mansfield.
Somer's Lane.
Somer's Lane.
Wellsborough.
Sheshequin.
White's Corners.
Cogan Valley.
Greenwood.
Williamsport.
Wellsborough.
Highland.
Golden Hill.
Golden Hill.
Golden Hill.
Brock Port.
Le Roy.
Knoxville.
Mansfield
Pike Mills.
Pike Mills.
Coudersport.
Coudersport.
New Era.
Somer's Lane.
Gaines
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May 16, 1853
May 26, 1861
Oct. 5, 1860
Aug. 27, 1859
Jan. 4, 1862
July 5, 1859
June 29, 1862
May 5, 1859
July 21, 1865
Feb. 12, 1861
Jau. 14, 1863
Jan. 31, 18.59
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Oct. 20, 1858
May 3, 1861
May 6, 1863
Apr. 17, 1863
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PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
1
|HE West Philadelphia Industrial School, situated at the
N. W. corner of Thirty-niuth and Pine Streets, Philadel-
phia, was incorporated March 30, 1858. It is conducted
by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, and has for its espe-
cial object the training of girls in habits of piety and industry.
Pupils are received, without distinction of creed, from the ages of
seven to eighteen years, provided they bear a good moral character.
Every care is taken to impart a solid English education, and form
their young minds to the practice of virtue. Habits of order and
neatness are inculcated, and no effort spared to render them useful
and accomplished members of society.
The course of instruction comprises orthography, reading, writing,
arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, composition, and music.
The pupils are required to devote a certain portion of the day to
acquiring a knowledge of every kind of work suitable to their sex,
such as dress- and shirt-making, embroidery on linen, silk, and flan-
nel, use of sewing-machine, artificial-flower making, gold embroidery,
tapestry work, washing and ironing, baking, and every kind of do-
mestic work.
In April, 1870, twelve soldiers' orphans were placed in the insti-
tution by Mrs. E. W. Hutter, Lady Inspector of Soldiers' Orphan
Schools, and later in the same year eleven more were admitted, and
enjoyed all the advantages of the school. Of these, several have
left the institution, having attained the age of sixteen. Some were
returned to their relatives, and for others were procured situations as
dress-makers, &c. We have now in the school five soldiers' orphans.
Two will complete their time the present year, being nearly sixteen
years of age. The average number of children is from seventy-five
to eighty. The institution is supported by the tuition paid for pupils
and by the work of the inmates.
493
494
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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BUTLER ORPHAN HOME.
HIS Home is situated on one of the many beautiful hills
that surround Butler, the county-seat of Butler county.
Notwithstanding the many fine residences in and about
the borough, the Home on the old McCall hill, with its
beautiful lawn shaded with trees, surpasses them all. The main
building is of brick, very substantially built forty years ago by Mr.
McCall, father of the well-known General McCall, a wealthy mer-
cliant of Philadelphia, for a summer residence for himself and family.
Tradition says that the " natives " looked on with gaping astonish-
ment as the carpenters toiled at the great wonder. Philadelphia, at
that day, was a long ways off, and mountains and forests intervened
between that city and the rude little log-built town ; and it is not sur-
prising that its people looked upon the gray-haired old mau, building
a mansion of unheard-of dimensions, with feelings akin to the ante-
diluvians who ridiculed Noah and his ark. The aged McCall, how-
ever, having in view his own comfort and that of his family, and
also the improvement of his extensive landed property in the country,
completed his work. He was building wiser than he knew, though
he lived but a few summers to enjoy this home. The property, pass-
ing through several hands, finally became a home for the homeless.
Truly man proposes, but God disposes.
The property w^as bought by the St. Paul's Classis of the Reformed
Church ; and on December 10, 1867, was dedicated as an Orphan
Home, on which occasion the Rev. Geo. B. Russell presided, and
performed the act of dedication. Addresses were also delivered by
Revs. T. J. Barkley, F. K. Levan, and Wm. M. Landis.
495
496 PENNA. soldiers' ori^han schools.
The object of its founders was to provide for the maintenance
and Christian training of orphan children — principally of the
Reformed Church ; and also to care for destitute orphans of every
class. Applications for admittance are made to the Board of
Directors, and children are received by indenture — the boys to
twenty-one, and the girls to eighteen years of age. This enables the
authorities of the Home to again indenture them, when suitable
places can be found, and to retain the guardianship over them till
of age.
This Home has had under its care, from its origin, a goodly num-
ber of soldiers' orphans, for whose education and maintenance the
State has provided under its noble soldiers' orphan system. Thus it
will be seen that there have been supported in this institution,
hitherto, two classes of children — the . soldiers' orphans, supported
by the State, and other orphans, supported by charity ; and yet no
distinction is made, except it be that the State children are not re-
quired to work during school hours.
The government here is mild, yet firm. The importance of selfr
government is earnestly impressed upon the minds of the children,
and with encouraging success.
Though this Home is owned and sustained in great part by the
Reformed Church, yet many valuable contributions are made by
members of other churches. Thus far it has been nobly sustained.
It has been necessary to do little else than to let its wants be known,
to insure the assistance needed.
Rev. C. A. Limberg, of Butler, was its first Superintendent. In
the spring of 1871 he resigned, and Rev. J. B. Thompson, of Day-
ton, Ohio, the present incumbent, was elected his successor in April,
and entered upon his duties on the 1st of June of the same year.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
President.
Bev. Thomas J. Barkley.
Secretaey.
T. J. Craig, Esq.
Treasurer.
B. Wolff, Jr., Esq.
BUTLER ORPHAN HOME,
497
Rev. J. W. Alspacli,
" J. Hannabery,
" E.H.Dieffenbacher
" I.F.Snyder,
Rev. D. D. Leberman,
" J.W.Love,
" T. F. Stouffer,
" D.S.Dieffenbachei
Mr. C. Sieberfc.
C. M. Boush, Esq.,
W.H. Brill, M. D.,
Mr. Joseph Cort,
" W. E. Schmertz.
Executive Committee.
Rev. T. J. Barkley, T. J. Craig, Esq.,
W. E. Schmertz,
P. Keil,
W. H. Brill. M. D.
Superintendent.
Rev. J. B. Thompson.
Matron.
Mrs. Jennie P. Thompson.
The following list includes the former, as also the present, teachers
and employees of the Home, viz.:
Mr. F. A. Limberg,
" E. H. Diehl,
Teachers.
Mr. J. S. Phillippe, Miss Emma T. Keck,
" D. K. Fulcason, " Mary C. Grubbs,
Mr. A. W. H. Martin.
Matrons.
Mrs. Barbara Hiesley, Mrs. Susan Limberg.
Seamstresses.
Mrs. Harriet Caffey, Miss Lizzie Martin, Miss Emma Miller,
Miss Maggie Troutman, " Barbara Cradle, " A. B. Thompson,
Miss Saidie Carson.
Miss Lizzie Sechler,
" Nancy Berry,
" Lizzie Gills,
General House-work.
Miss Priscilla Neyman,
" Rachel Johnston,
" Nancy Sechler,
Miss Caroline Burr.
Miss Kate Baddar,
" Kate Troutman,
" Lina Neyman,
Male Attendants and Farmers.
Mr. J. M. Boyd, Mr. M. Dufford, Mr. Otho F. Thompson.
32
498
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS
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ST. PAULAS orphans' HOME, BUTLE
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ST. JOHN'S ORPHAN ASYLUM.
HE St. John's Orphan Asylum for boys was founded in the
year 1829, by the Rev. John Hughes, Pastor of St. John's
Church, Philadelphia, and afterwards Archbishop of New
York.
A small house was rented in Prune Street, within the limits of the
city proper, where a few destitute orphan children were sheltered.
In 1832 the number of orphans had so increased as to necessitate
their removal to a larger and more commodious building on Broad
Street, north of Chestnut ; and in the following year they were placed
in the spacious Gothic mansion on Chestnut Street, east of Thirteenth,
which had been purchased for that purpose.
Previous to 1833, the whole burden and responsibility of the work
rested upon its most reverend founder, but at this date a charter
was obtained, and the institution placed under the efficient care of
a Board of nine managers.
It having become evident to the management that a country resi-
dence would be more desirable than one in the city, the Chestnut
Street property was sold, and thirteen acres of land were purchased,
on Westminster Avenue, near Forty-eighth Street, West Philadelphia.
On this beautiful site the present commodious buildings, capable of
accommodating three hundred and fifty orphans, were erected, in
1851-52, at a cost of nearly fifty thousand dollars. The main build-
ing, which is two hundred and fourteen feet in length by sixty feet
in depth, contains kitchen, dining-room, refectories, chapel, private
parlor, reception i)arlors, class-rooms, dormitories, infirmary, the
Sisters' sleeping apartments, and servante' bedrooms. At each end
of the main building is a wing, forty feet in length, in which are
5U0
ORPHAN ASYLUM. 501
contained the washroom, bakery, and additional class-rooms and
dormitories.
One of the consequences of the late war, it is well known, was to
greatly increase the number of orphans, and although Government
and State provision was generously made for them, before it could be
put into effect, a large number of our soldiers' orphans were here
received and cared for. Their number may be estimated to have been
over one hundred, exclusive of the fifty-one soldiers' orphans placed
in the institution and paid for by the State. Of these latter, but two
remain, the rest having been returned to their friends, or placed in
positions to do for themselves.
The average number of orphans during the past twelve years has
been about three hundred and thirty, who are cared for and in-
structed in the branches of an ordinary English education by fifteen
Sisters of St. Joseph.
502
PENNA. SOLDIERS ORPHAN SCHOOLS
I
I
With mother.
With mother.
With sister.
Died Juu. 28, 1869.
■i. In grocery bus. on Mar-
L ket, near 22d Street.
Died Jan. 28, 1868.
Farming.
With mother.
With mother.
With mother.
i With Michael Keegan,
< a stone-mason, N. 4th
( Street.
With mother.
With mother.
With mother.
With mother.
With mother.
Died Mar. 20, 1868.
Died May 20, 18G0.
With mother.
Died July 4, 1872.
Died Mar. 20, 1868.
5 Mechnnio ; earning $10
\ per month.
Died May 22, 1869.
With mother. [St.
With his uncle, 704 Euuo
With mother.
With mother.
Post
Office
Address
WHEN AT
Home.
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia....
Dovle.stown.
Wilkesbarre
M'hite Haven...
Philadelphia....
Philadelphia.
Pliiladelphia....
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Sept. 25, 1866
Oct. 5, 1872
Oct. 5, 1872
Sept. 7. l«7:l
Sept. 15, 1875
May 24, 187.1
Apr. 14, 1868
Apr. 7, 1868
Dec. 31, 1872
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July 28, 1866
July 28, 1866
Apr. 17, 1873
Nov. 19, 1866
Nov. 19, 1866
Mar. 15, 1867
Mar. 15, 1867
June 19, 1866
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■III
CATHOLIC HOME.
HE Catholic Home for the protection and maintenance of
orphan and destitute children, located at 1720 Race Street,
Philadelphia, was instituted tn the year 1863. It was a
necessity caused by the late civil war. The strife had
scarcely commenced, when large numbers of children sought protec-
tion in the asylums already existing. The fathers of many were
killed ; in some cases the mothers died, or were sick and unable to
provide for them, and in other cases the demoralizing effects of the
war made them forgetful of the welfare and protection of their chil-
dren. To remedy, in a measure, the condition of these helpless little
ones, the Catholic Home was opened for their protection.
In September, 1864, the first child was received, and up to the
present time seven hundred and twenty-three children have been
admitted and provided for by the institution. The Catholic Home is
under the charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, who devote their entire
services to the instruction, education, and care of the children. It is
supported by voluntary contributions and the payment of a small
stipend by the relatives of children who can afford to pay.
The course of instruction embraces a plain English education,
namely : orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, his-
tory, composition, and music. They are also taught sewing, embroid-
ery, fancy needlework, and the use of the sewing-machine ; washing,
ironing, baking, cooking, and all the duties of domestic house-work.
Of the above number of children, twenty-nine have been received
under the auspices of the Soldiers' Orphan Department of the State,
and have been paid for by the Commonwealth. Most of them have
arrived at the age of sixteen years, the time appointed for their leav-
ing the institution, and have been provided with trades or situations.
Some have been returned to their mothers, who, after investigation,
were found to be reliable and correct and able to maintain them.
Of the children placed in the Home by the Department, only four
remain, all of whom will be sixteen years of age in 1876, and entitled
to their discharge.
503
504
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHxVN SCHOOLS.
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ST. VINCENT'S COLLEGE
S situated in Westmoreland county, Pa., forty miles east
of Pittsburgh, two miles from Latrobe, and one from
Beatty Station. The location is elevated and healthy,
commanding an extensive view of the beautiful ranges of
the Chestnut Ridge from the north and east, and from the south and
west of the fruitful, undulating country for which the county is so
celebrated. The buildings are spacious and commodious.
This institution was founded, in 1846, by the Rt. Rev. Boniface
Wimmer, O. S. B., of St. Vincent Abbey, and incorporated with
powers to confer degrees, by an act of the legislature of the 28th
of April, 1870. It is conducted by the Benedictine fathers.
At present there are thirty-seven professors, many of whom are
graduates of the best European universities.
There are four distinct courses of studies — the Theological, the
Philosophical, the Classical, and the Commercial, besides an Ele-
mentary school for beginners.
The Theological course occupies three years. It embraces Dog-
matic and Moral Theology, Church History, Exegesis, Canon Law,
Liturgy, Hermeneutics, and Homiletics.
The Philosophical course is completed in two years, embracing
Mental and Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Mathematics, including
Analytical Geometry, Differential Calculus, Astronomy, Evidences,
Hebrew, and Latin and Greek continued.
The Classical course comprises five regular classes, each lasting
one year. Greek is taken up with the third year of Latin.
The Commercial course embraces Religious Instruction, Orthog-
raphy, Penmanship, Reading, English Grammar, Composition, Elo-
505
506 PEXNA. SOLDIERS^ ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
cution, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Mathematics, Book-keeping, Commer-
cial Law, Geography, History, Natural Philosophy, and Chemistry.
It is completed in three years.
The Elementary school affords boys an excellent opportunity of
acquiring a thorough knowledge of the elementary principles of the
English and German languages.
The greatest facilities are offered for the cultivation of music.
Vocal and instrumental music, harmony, arrangement in all its parts,
Gregorian choral, sesthetics of music and acoustics, and musical compo-
sition throughout, receive the attention of the most able professors.
Instruction is given on eighteen different musical instruments. The
degrees of Bachelor, Master, and Doctor of Music are conferred
after satisfactory examinations in the graduating department.
The students of the college are divided, according to their ages,
into three classes, each of which has its own study-hall and dormi-
tory, and is under the control of two prefects. There are at present
over three hundred students frequenting the college. This number
will be greatly increased when the additional buildings now in
progress of erection are completed.
The institution possesses two libraries, one numbering over twelve
thousand volumes ; the other, which is exclusively for the use of
the students, over eighteen hundred volumes. An excellent chem-
ical and philosophical apparatus is for the use of more advanced
students. , Large and beautiful collections of European and Amer-
ican plants, shells, fossils, coins, etc., are preserved in the cabinet.
Nineteen fatherless children of deceased Roman Catholic soldiers
have been received into this institution, sixteen of whom have been
discharged on age; two were discharged on order, and one yet
remains. The State paid for their support here tte same as were
paid to the advanced soldiers' orphan schools.
FACULTY.
President.
Rt. Rev. Boniface Wimmer, O. S. B.
Vice-President.
Rev. Hilary PFRiENGLE, O. S. B.,
Professor of Dogmatic Theology.
ST. vi:&^CE:ffT's college. 507
V. Eev. Innocent Wolf, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Moral Theology, Introduction to Holy Scriptures, and
Liturgy.
Rev. Andkew Hintenach, O. S. B.,
Professor of Christian Doctrine, Latin, History, and Arithmetic.
Rev. Luke Wimmer, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Exegesis.
Rev. Ignatius Trueg, O. S. B.,
Director and Professor of Music.
Rev. Adalbert Mueller, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Logic, Metaphysics, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural Phi-
losophy, and Chemistry.
Rev. John B. Sommer, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Church History, Homiletics, Hermeneutics, Mathematics,
Painting, and Drawing.
Rev. Aloysius Gorman, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Christian Doctrine, Rhetoric, English Grammar and Compo-
sition, Elocution, Arithmetic, and English Penmanship.
Rev. Raymond Daniel, O. S. B.,
Professor of History and Music.
Rev. Leo Haid, 0. S. B.,
Professor of English Grammar and Composition, Elocution, Commercial
Law, and Book-keeping.
Rev. Aurelius McMahon, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Evidences and Principles of Christianity, Christian Doctrine,
Latin, Greek, French, and History.
Rev. Augustine Schneider, O. S. B.,
Professor of Hebrew.
Rev. Cornelius Eckel, O. S. B.,
Professor of Christian Doctrine, Geometry, Algebra, and Music.
508 PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS.
Rev. Wenceslas Kocarnick, O. S. B.,
Professor of Christian Doctrine, Bible History, German, Arithmetic,
Painting and Drawing, and German Penmanship.
Rev. Edwin Pierron, O. S. B., 1
Professor of Christian Doctrine, Latin, English Grammar and Composi- *
tion, Arithmetic, and History.
Rev. Dominic Block, O. S. B.,
Professor of Latin, Book-keeping, Reading, and Spelling.
Rev. Melchior Reichert, O. S. B.,
Professor of Music and English Penmanship.
Rev. Nepomucene J^ger, 0. S. B.,
Professor of Music.
Rev. Albert Robrecht, O. S. B.,
Professor of Vocal Music and Prefect of Music.
Rev. Anthony Wirtner, O. S. B.,
Professor of German and Geography.
Rev. Frederick Hcesel, O. S. B.,
Professor of Geography.
Bede Hipelius, O. S. B.,
Professor of Book-keeping.
Joseph Keller, O. S. B.,
Professor of Latin.
SiGFRIED KlIMA,
Professor of Greek and Music.
Casimir Elsesser, O. S. B.,
Professor of English Grammar.
Stephen Lyons, O. S. B.,
Professor of English Grammar and Composition, Reading and Spelling.
509
Adolph Wessling, O. S. B.,
Professor of Greek and German.
Louis Haas, O. S. B.,
Professor of German.
Timothy Blasius, O. S. B.,
Professor of Reading and Spelling.
WiLFRiED Schmidt, O. S. B.,
Professor of German.
Cyril Rettqer, O. S. B.,
Professor of German and Geography.
Boniface Wirtner, O. S. B.,
Professor of English Grammar.
Patrick McFadden, O. S. B.,
Professor of Latin and Geography.
Hugh McCauley, 0. S. B.,
Professor of English Penmanship.
Henry Hohmann, O. S. B.,
Professor of Latin and German Penmanship.
Severin Laufenberg, O. S. B.,
Professor of Greek and German.
Secretary,
Eev. Aloysius Gorman, O. S. B.
610
PENNA. soldiers' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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ORPHANS' HOME,
HIS school is an adjunct to the Farm School at Zelienople,
and was founded through the labors of the same benevo-
lent individual. It is intended only for girls, and is also
an industrial school. The buildings are large and well
adapted for the purpose, and the situation is one of surpassing
beauty. From the elevated situation, one can behold the placid
waters of the beautiful Ohio for a distance of ten miles. To the
right the Beaver River empties into the Ohio, and around the junc-
tion of these rivers eight thriving towns are located. The Pitts-
burgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railroad is located along the
river, on which the iron horse is ever to be seen and heard, whilst
on the river the steamboat rides majestically along its bosom. Here,
in this enchanting spot, six of the orphan daughters of soldiers have
happily found a quiet Christian home, where they have been edu-
cated and trained for usefulness and happiness in time and in
eternity. We give the names as follows, viz., Elizabeth Ashbaugh,
Anna J. Holtzhower, Loretta A. Holtzhower, Mary L. Marquart,
Beulah A. Thompson, Cornelia A. Thompson.
511
f(
CHILDREN'S HOME/' OF YORK,
HE above institution was incorporated by the Legislature
in February, 1865 ; its aim and object being to afford a
place of shelter for destitute and friendless children, was
entirely distinct from the State provision for soldiers'
orphans, though Superintendent Burrowes at once proposed sending
to it those of this class belonging to York county.
A large house having been rented in a desirable location, its doors
were opened for the children May 1, 1865. On the eighteenth of
the same month, the first family of soldiers' orphans was admitted.
In this case, as in a number of others, the youngest child was sup-
ported by the institution until it reached the age which entitled it
to the State provision.
During the first two years, owing to very limited accommodations,
but thirty-one wards of the State were admitted, all very young.
On April 1, 1867, the family was removed to the large, convenient
building now occupied, which was erected on ground given by Mr.
Samuel Small, and built under his direction, and principally at his
expense. Since this period, soldiers' orphans have been assigned to
this Home from York, Adams, Dauphin, and Cumberland counties,
and have shared its fostering care.
The Managers have preferred to have the boys transferred to other
scliools at eleven or twelve years of age, partly because of the difli-
culty in finding employment for them, and partly because by that
time they generally require male government. Some of the boys
have therefore been transferred each year, generally to White Hall.
Thfe same plan was at first pursued with the girls ; but, latterly,
by the desire of the mothers, and with the consent of the State Super-
512
1
"children's home " OF YORK.
513
intendent, nearly all have been retained in the Home, where several
have graduated with honor, two having entered normal schools.
In mental training, lady-like deportment, skill in needle-work and^
household duties, these girls compare favoi^ably with those in any of
the schools.
Five excellent physicians give their time and services gratuitously
to the Home. It is a remarkable fact that, in a family usually num-
bering from sixty to sixty-five, no death has ever occurred, and very
little serious sickness. The present number of soldiers' orphans is
ten girls and'six boys — sixteen in all.
Beside the regular teachers, much valuable gratuitous instruction
is given by Mr. D. B. Prince, in higher English branches; Drs.
Charles and Jane Garver, in physiology, with charts ; Prof. H. Bentz
and Miss Schriver, in music and singing ; Prof. D. K. Noell, in cal-
isthenics.
Physicians.
John Hay, M. D., dec'd,
A. E. Blair, M. D.,
Jane Garver, M. D.,
E.H.Pentz,M.D.,dec'd,
M. W. McKinnon, M. D.
Jacob Hay, M. D.,
Charles Garver, M. D.,
Miss S. E. Thornbury,
" Mary Anderson,
Teachers.
Miss Marion Stansbury,
" M. J. Mifflin,
Mr. D. K. Noell.
Miss J. Russell,
" L. Gable,
Matrons.
Mrs. Catherine Stough, I Mrs. Elston,
Miss Maggie Atchley, | Miss Martha Smith,
Miss Ellen Steuart.
Miss Mary Isaacs,
" S. E. Thornbury,
Seamstress.
Miss Ellie Motter.
Employees in Kitchen and Laundry.
Mrs, Mary Berger, I Mrs. Harriet Seitz, I Mrs. M. Klinedinst,
" Charlotte Ward, | " C. Keiser, | Miss Hannah Rosetta,
Eva Zeigler, Ida Hevener.
Man of all Work.
Jacob Spiese.
33
514
PENNA. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS,
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ST. VINCENT'S ORPHAN ASYLUM,
HIS institution is pleasantly located at Tacony, on the
Delaware River, about two miles above Frankford. Nine
acres of good land aiFord many comforts to its inmates.
The building is of brick, consisting of a centre edifice
with wings on either side, and is four stories high, besides a fine
basement. The south wing was erected in 1857, and in 1860 the
centre and north wing. It has accommodations for two hundred and
fifty children, who are received between the ages of one and twelve
years.
This institution was built, and is supported, by the German Roman
Catholic congregations of Philadelphia, for whose necessitous chil-
dren it provides. As soon as good homes can be found, the boys are
apprenticed until twenty-one and the girls till eighteen years of age.
Those to whom they are bound are required to pay the institution
two dollars per month for the third year of service, and three
dollars for the fourth year, and increasing the amount one dollar
per month until the child is of age. This money is paid over to
the children at the expiration of their term of apprenticeship;
but in case they abscond, the accrued money, if any, inures to the
benefit of the institution.
The following are the names of the soldiers' orphans maintained
and educated at this Asylum at the expense of the State :
516
ST. Vincent's oephan asylu
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ORPHANS' FARM SCHOOL,
HIS school is located at Zelienople, Butler county, and was
established through the efforts of Rev. W. A. Passavant,
T>. D., of Pittsburgh, for the education and maintenance
of orphan children. It is by its charter a church institu-
tion of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, but is open to the admis-
sion of all creeds and nationalities. The farm consists of four
hundred acres of arable and wood land, in one of the most beautifiil
valleys in Western Pennsylvania. The buildings are very commo-
dious and substantial, and the grounds around beautifully improved.
In this school none but boys are admitted, who devote a portion of
their time to the care and cultivation of the farm and gardens, and
hence it is an industrial school. Here five soldiers' orphan boys
have found a delightful home to which, while life lasts, they will
look back with gratitude and love. We give the names as follows,
viz., William C. Davis, John G. F. Holtzhower, Robert Montgomery,
Frank Thompson, William H. Ashbaugh.
At Nazareth Hall, Northampton county, two soldiers' orphans
have been maintained and educated at the expense of the State, viz.,
Anthony M. Ely and Charles F. Phillips.
The Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble -Minded
Children, located at Media, Delaware county, has cared for thir-
teen soldiers' orphans under the State orphan system. We give their
names on the next^page.
518
SCHOOL FOR FEEBLE-MIlsDED CHILDREN. 519
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OUT-DOOR RELIEF.
THE law of 1867 required the Superintendent, in certain cases, to
grant to destitute soldiers' orphans out-door relief, not exceeding
thirty dollars a year to each child. The following statement shows
what has been done under this provision of the law.
Blair, James B.
Bojer, Jacob,
BeQoj, John H.
Bricker, William H.
Barker, Charles S.
Carter, Heory R.
CaaaoD, Charles F.
Dibble, Nortoa E.
Fulcomer, Norman S.
Garris, Francis S.
Gardner, William B.
Harris, Nathan,
Hjsong, Amos L
Hunter, James V. B.
Joslin, Ellsworth £.
Kellj, Joseph M.
Kellj, Newton C.
McKiiflin, Andrew D.
McGiffin, Emmit H.
McCrarj, John G.
Markley, George A.
David L.
Martin, Harry W.
Peawell, George Mo.
Reem, John E.
Kodkey, Elmer A.
Sears, Stephen,
Taylor, Jolin H.
WysoUkey, William
Wyant, George W.
White, Wilson W.
*Bricker, EUza K.
Blair, EUtabetb M.
Boyer, Anna M.
Benson, Edith N.
Barker, CUra M.
Clement, Martha E.
Cannon, Frances L.
Douds, Dela J.
Fry, Hannah B.
Ford, Annie J. L.
fFetterman, Luoinda E.
Fetterman, Sarah E.
Floyd, Julia A.
Green, Catherine,
Green, Mary,
Gardner, Ida M.
Gallagher, Maggie,
Gallagher, Emma,
Grander, Clara A.
Oodfery, Carrie J.
Humphreys, E. H.
Hamilton, CUra,
Hillyer. Malissa A.
Hill, Buian E.
Kelly, AugusU L.
Knipe, Mary C.
MeNiell, Annie 0.
McGiffin, Florence L,
MoGiffiu, Mary A.
MoGarr, Clara R.
Moore, Ella May,
McWilllams, Rosetta 0.
Miokerell, Sarah W.
Me<;rary, Isabella J.
Oterdurf, Mary E.
«>rf, LydU A.
r, IvTdU A.
Edith E. J.
,11.*.
HbroT. Emma A.
Haara, harah J.
WaM, MargMvt I.
May 26, 1862
July 3, 186i
Sept. 16, 1857
Deo. 3, 1864
Dec. 24, 1860
Aug. 19, 1865
May 9, 1868
July 20, 1862
Dot. 12, 1864
Mar. 19, 1863
Oct. 1, 1859
Jan. 1, 1881
Nov. 2, 1857
June 2, 1857
May 8, 1861
Mar. 6, 1863
May 26, 1863
Nov. 13, 1860
Mar. 8, 1863
Feb. 23, 1856
June 16. 1807
Oct. 11,1860
Got. 28, 1861
Mar. 8, 1861
Mar. 6, 1863
Jan. 10, 1861
Mar. 17, 1863
Aug. 22, 1863
May 2, 1863
Sept. 11, 1861
Nov. 8, 1861
May 22, 1861
Mar. 9, 1868
Oct. 20, 1860
June 1. 1863
May 1,1856'
Feb. 3, 1862
Sept 18, 1861
Jan. 29, 1868
Dec. 26, 1856
Sept. 12, 1861
Mar. 29, 1861
Oct. 28, 1856
Mar. 14, 1864
Nov. 19, 1862
Deo. 12, 1869
July 2, 1868
Oct 12,1869
June 22, 1867
Oct. 23, 1857
Oct. 6, 1869
June 6, 1861
Sept 16, 1858
April 21, 1863
Jan. 6, 1862
April 6, 1862
April 22, 1863
Oct 18, 1862
June 20, 1861
May 17, 1867
Feb. 20, 1862
Sept 8, 1868
April 22. 1869
Jan. 20, 1862
April 6. 1864
Oct. 12, 1868
May 10, 1866
Dec. 28, 1862
Mar. 4, \»bS
Jan. 2i>, 1860
Aug. ii. 1863
Hay 9, 1861
Mar. 8, 1856
Mar. 32, 1864
Mar. 16, 1861
June 7, I860
Feb. 6. 1866
July 9. 1861
Dec. 23, IBSS
May M, 1863
Jan. 13, IH&a
May »). 1866
AdtU ti, 1867
Mar. 10, 1869
May 30, 1861
April 39, 1861
Jan. 81, 1869
Datbop
Apjicssion On Age at
TO Benetits. 16 Years.
April 1, 1870
Mar. 23, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Dec. 1, 1872
Doc. 1, 1874
Sept. 1, 1872
Feb. 12, 1868
Feb. 18, 1876
Sept. 3, 1875
June 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1872
June 1, 1870
June 1
1871
Nov. 1, 1874
Dec. 1, 1874
June 1, 1871
June 1, 1872
April 1, 1870
July 5, 1869
June 1, 1872
June 1, 1871
Feb. 22, 1874
Feb. 22, 1874
June 1, 1873
June 1, 1870
Feb. 1, 1873
Jan. 1, 1866
June 1, 1875
June 1, 1872
April 12, 1866
June 1, 1870
June 1, 1874
April 1,1868
April 1, 1870
Mar. 23, 1872
June 1, 1873
June 1, 1875
Mar. 8, 1867
Feb. 12, 1868
June 1, 1873
May 1, 1870
May 1, 1870
Dec. 1, 1872
Deo. 1, 1872
Sept. 23, 1873
April 17, 1866
April 17, 1866
Sept. 1, 1872
June 1, 1873
June 1, 1873
June 1, 1873
Feb. 19, 1875
Dec. 1,1872
June 1, 1873
Doc. 1, 1874
June 1, 7376
June 1, 1872
Feb. 1, 1873
April ao, 1868
April 1, 1870 .
July 6, 1869
Mar. 1, 1870
Deo. 1, 1871
June 1, 1872
Sept. 19, 1872
Juno 1, 1872
Sept 1, 1872
Sept. 1, 1873
Deo. 1, 1874
Feb. 1, 187S
Mar. 1, 1870
Sept 1, 1868
June 1,1870
May :n, 1870
Feb. 1, 1878
June 1, 1878
June 1. 1873
June 1, 1876
April 12, 1867
April 12, 1807
April 12, 1867
April 12, IC07
April 12, 1607
Sept 1,1874
Bept. 1, 1673
Sept 16, 1873
Dec. 24, 1876
May 9, 1874
Dec. 12, 1875
July 2. 1874
Oct 12,1875
June 22, 1»73
Oct 23, 1873
Oct. 6, 1875
Sept 16, 1874
Sept. 8, 1874
April 22, 187S
Har. 8, 1871
Mar. 32, 1870
Jan. 18, 1869
May 20, 1871
April 23, 1878
Mar. 18, 1876
Jw. 81. 1876
Aug. 81, 1876
Not. 80, 1874
Mar. 1. 1876
May 31, 1872
Sept. 3, 1875
Aug. 31,1876
May 31, 1876
June 1, 1878
Sept 9, 1872
April 8, 1875
April 8, 1876
PoBT^OmcB
Addeess when
AT Home.
Philadelphia,
Saltsburg,
Honesdale,
Albion,
Philadelphia,
Coudersport,
Conneautville,
Black lick Stat'n
Clarksburg,
Harrisburg,
Harrisburg,
Lancaster,
Harrisbui^,
Armagh,
Apollo,
Lundy's Lane,
Delmont,
Saftsburg,
Bentleysville,
Bentleysville,
Brush Valley,
Port Matilda,
Armagh,
Armagh,
Pittsburgh,
Shippensburg,
Brush VaUey,
Nolo,
Buffalo,
RichardsviUe,Va,
Gettysburg,
Harrisburg,
Balina,
Harrisburg,
Philadelphia,
Saltsburg,
Lancaster,
Albion,
Philadelphia,
Coudersport,
Saltsburg,
Ickesburg,
Colemanaville,
Brush Valley,
Brush Valley,
E. Bethlehem,
Philadelphia,
Philadelphia,
Harrisburg,
Doylestown,
Dojlestown,
Rush,
Albion,
Wakefield,
Penn Run,
Elk Creek,
Nolo,
Saltsburg,
North East
Bentleysville,
BentleysviUe,
Enterline,
Dutler,
Saltsburg,
Brush Valley,
Brush Valley,
Brush Valley,
Urush Valley,
Brownsville,
Brush Valley,
West Chester,
Willianisport,
Middlctown,
tliddle Spring,
Willi amsport,
Penn Run
Penn Run
Buflklo,
Caltfomia,
California,
California,
California,
California,
Armagh,
balUburg,
NAME OF TRUSTEE.
Mrs. E. E. Hutter.
David 8. Robinson, Esq.
Joseph Benny, Esq.
Henry A. Knepley, Esq.
Hon. 0. Logan.
Mrs. Mary R. Welsh.
H. J. Olmstead, Esq.
Bradley AV. Pond, Esq.
T. J. O'llarra, E8q.,dec'd.
Thomas Hart, Esq.
Miss Caroline Gardner.
Miss Caroline Gardner.
Archibald AS arren, Esq.
Rev. 0. H. Miller.
Samuel W. Drips, Esq.
Rev. H. Magill.
Hon. 0. Logan.
Rev. D. Harbison.
W. C. Robinson. M.D.
Hon. A. J. liuffington.
Hon. A. J. Buffington.
John M. Mack, Esq.
A. R. Barlow, Esq.
Samuel W. Drips, Esq.
Samuel W. Drips, Esq.
Prof. William R. Fori
George Walters, Ei
Thompson MoCrea
Wm. F. Lydick, Esq.
- • " T. Work.
X.
Thompson MoCrea
pTi,
Maj. George
Mrs. A. E. Taylor (mother)
W. H. H. Wysotikey, Esq,
John W. Simonton, Esq.
John Glass, Esq.
David 8. Robinson, Esq.
Hon. John B. WarfeL
Hon. 0. Logan.
Ohver C. N lehols, Esq.
H. J. Olmsted, Esq.
David 6. Robinson, Esq.
B. F. Bamhart, tsq.
W. M. Cooper, Esq.
H. R. Tyson, Esq.
H. R. Tyson, Esq.
Lewis M. Clever, Esq.
Mrs. Eliiabeth ConnelL
Mrs. Eliiabeth ConnelL
Miss Caroline Gardner.
T. W. Uaker, Esq.
T. W. Baker. Esq.
0. W. Palmer, Esq.
Hon. 0. Logan
Mrs. Rachel H. Stubb*^
James Rugh, Esq.
Hon. 0. Logan.
William F. Lydick. Esq.
W. C. Robinson, M.D.
1. B. Good, Esq.
Hon. M. B. loivery.
Hon. A. J. Buffington.
Hon. A. J. Buffington.
Wallace I>e W ilt, Esq.
C. E. Anderson, Isq.
William I. Sterrett, Esq.
Josiah Fee, 1 sq.
John M. Mack, Esq.
\Mlliam dveraorf, Esq.
William Overdorf, Esq.
11. Shoemaker, M.D.
Tlioniinon McCrra, Esq.
Mrs. P. Fraier Smith.
A. Updepaff, Esq.
Hennr Snroy, Esq.
Joseph W. Means, Esq.
Samuel Adams, Esq.
Albert R. Evans, Esq.
Albert R. Evans, Eeq.
Maj. George T. Work.
1. W. Morgan, K«q.
Tin*
Bon. Wm. Uopkint,
W. Dripa.
John U. Leech, Esq.
t DM JUIUM7 10, 1878.
IColortd. DMJbm 18, 1871.
520
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