The people's guide; a business, political and religious directory of Vermillion Co., Ind., together with a collection of very important documents and statistics connected with our moral, political and scientific history; also, A historical sketch of Vermillion County, and a brief history of each township

NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES

\

PEOPLE'S GUIDE

A BUSINESS, POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS

Directory of Vermillion Co., Ind.

TOGETHER WITH A COLLECTION OF VERY IMPORTAN1

DOCUMENTS AND STATISTICS CONNECTED

WITH OUR MORAL, POLITICAL

AND SCIENTIFIC

HISTORY}

ALSO, A

Historical Sketch of Vermillion County,

AND A

BRIEF HISTORY OF EACH TOWNSHIP.

By CLINE & McHAFFIE.
INDIANAPOLIS:

INDIANAPOLIS PRINTING AND PUBLISHING HQJJSE

I874.

4~/tyf> \ H'/£^^j4»><yr^

ND

1" ■

Enured according to the act of Congress, in the year 1874, in the office of the Librarian o^
Congress at Washington, D. C, by Clink & iricriAFFlK.

•

'

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

IN CONGRESS, TUESDAY, JULY 4, 1776.

Agreeably to the order of the day, the Congress resolved
itaelfinto a committee of the whole, to take into their further
consideration the Declaration ; and, after some time, the Pres-
ident resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the
committee had agreed to a declaration, which they desired
him to report. (The committee consisted of Jefferson, Frank-
lin, John Adams, Sherman, and R. R. Livingston.)

The Declaration being read, was agreed to, as follows :

A DECLARATION

BV THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary
for one people to dissolve the political bands which have con-
nected them with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws
of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect
for the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are
created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights; that, among these are life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights,
governments are instituted among men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any
form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is
the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute
a new government, laying its foundation on such principles,

(3;

DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE.

and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem
most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence,
indeed, will dictate that governments long established should
not be changed for light and transient causes ; and, accordingly,
all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to
suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by
abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But,
when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invari-
ably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under
absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw
off such government, and to provide new guards for their future
security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colo-
nies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to
alter their former systems of government. The history of the
present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries
and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment
of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let
facts be submitted to a candid world :

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and
necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate
and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation
till his assent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, he
has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of
large districts of people unless those people would relinquish
the right of representation in the legislature — a right inestim-
able to them, and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public
records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance
with his measures.

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for oppos-
ing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the
people.

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to
eause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers,
mcapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large
for their exercise, the State remaining, in the meantime, ex-

DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE.

posed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convul-
sions within.

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these
States ; for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturaliza-
tion of forei^ ners ; refusing to pass others to encourage their
emigration hither, and raising the conditions of new appro-
priations of lands.

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refus-
ing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the
tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their
salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither
swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their sub-
stances.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies,
without the consent of our legislature.

He has affected to render the military independent of, and
superior to, the civil power.

He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction
foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ;
giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation :

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us ;

For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment, for
any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of
these States ;

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world ;

For imposing taxes on us without our consent ;

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by
jury.

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended
offenses.

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neigh-
boring province, establishing therein an arbitary government,
and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an ex-
ample and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute
rule into these colonies ;

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable

6 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of our govern-
ments ;

For suspending our own legislature, and declaring them-
selves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases
whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of
his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coast, burnt our
town6, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mer-
cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and ty-
ranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and per-
fidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally
unworthy the head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the
high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the
executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves
by their hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has
endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the
merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an
undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and conditions.

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for
redress, in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have
been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose
character is thus marked by every act which may define a ty-
rant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British breth-
ren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts
made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdic-
tion over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances.
of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed
to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured
them, by the ties of our common kiudred, to disavow these
usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections
and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice
of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce
in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold

DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE.

them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war — in
peace, friends.

We, therefore, the representatives of the UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, ap
pealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude
of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the
good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare,
That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be,
Free and Independent States ; that they are absolved from all
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connec-
tions between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and
ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as FREE AND
INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full power to levy
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce,
and to do all other acts and things which INDEPENDENT
STATES may of right do. And for the support of this Declara-
tion, with a firm reliance on the protection of DIVINE PROV-
IDENCE, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our
fortunes, and our sacred honor.

The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, en-
grossed, and signed by the following members :

JOHN HANCOCK.

New Hampshire.
JOSIAH BARTLETT.
WILLIAM WHIPPLE,
MATTHEW THORNTON.

Massachusetts Bay.
SAMUEL ADAMS,
JOHN ADAMS,
ROBERT TREAT PAYNE,
ELBRIDGE GERRY.

Rhode Island.
STEPHEN HOPKINS.
WILLIAM ELLERY.

New York.
WILLIAM FLOYD,
PHILIP LIVINGSTON,
FRANCIS LEWIS,
LEWIS MORRIS.

Connecticut.
ROGER SHERMAN,
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON,
WILLIAM WILLIAMS,
OLIVER WOLCOTT.

New Jersey.
RICHARD STOCKTON,
JOHN W1TI1ERSPOON,
FRANCIS HOPK1NSON,
JOHN HART,
ABRAHAM CLARK.

8

DECLARATION OP INDEPENDENCE.

Pennsylvania.

ROBERT MORRIS,
BENJAMIN RUSH,
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN,
JOHN MORTON,
GEORGE CLYMER,
JAMES SMITH,
GEORGE TAYLOR,
JAMES WILSON,
GEORGE ROSS.

Delaware.

OJESAR RODNEY,
GEORGE READ,
THOMAS M'KEEN.

Maryland.

SAMUEL CHASE,
WILLIAM PACA,
THOMAS STONE,
CHARLES CARROLL, of Car*!!.

Georgia.

BUTTON GWINNETT,
LYMAN HALL,
GEORGE WALTON.

Virginia.

GEORGE WYTHE,
RICHARD HENRY LEE,
THOMAS JEFFERSON,
BENJAMIN HARRISON,
THOMAS NELSON, Jun.,
FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE,
CARTER BRAXTON.

North Carolina.

WILLIAM HOOPER,
JOSEPH HEWE8,
JOHN PENN.

South Carolina.

EDWARD RUTLEDGE,
THOMAS HAYWARD, Jun.,
THOMAS LYNCH, Jun.,
ARTHUR MIDDLETON.

ooosrsTiTTJTionsr

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for fhe United States of America.

ARTICLE I.

Section 1. All the legislative powers herein granted shall
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall con-
sist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Sec. 3. The House of Representatives shall be composed
of members chosen every second year by the people of the
several States ; and the electors in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous
branch of the State Legislature.

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have at-
tained to the a«;e of twenty-five years, and been seven years a
citizen of th<» United States, and who shall not, when elected,
be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among
the several States which may be included within this Union,
according to their respective numbers, which shall be deter-
mined by addipg to the whole number of free persons, includ-
ing those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding
Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual
enumeration shall be made within three years after the first
meeting of tbe Congress of the United States, and within

(9)

10 CONSTITUTION OF THE

every subsequent term often years, in such manner as they shall
by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not ex-
ceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have
at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shall
be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to
choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Provi-
dence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New
Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six,
Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and
Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the representation from any
State, the Executive authority thereof shall issue Writs of
Election to fill such vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and
other officers ; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed
of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature
thereof, for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence
of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may
be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first
class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of
the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of
the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-
third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies hap-
pen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the
Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make
temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legis-
lature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to
the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabi-
tant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President
of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally
divided.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a Pres-
ident pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or
when he shall exercise the office of President of the United
States.

UNITED STATKS. 11

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeach-
ments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath
or affirmation. When the President of the United States is
being tried, the Chief Justice shall preside ; and no person
shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of
the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further
than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and
enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United
States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable
and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment,
according to law.

Sec 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections
for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each
State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any
time, by law make or alter such regulations, except as the
places of choosing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and
such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless
they shall by law appoint a different day.

Sec. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, re-
turns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority
of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller
number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized
to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner
and under such penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,
punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the con-
currence of two-thirds, expel a member.

Each House 6hall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and
from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as
may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and
nays of the members of either House on any question shall,
at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the
journal.

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, with-
out the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,
nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall
be sitting.

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a
compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law and

12 CONSTITUTION OP THE

paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in
all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be
privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session
of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from
the same ; and for any speech or debate in either House, they
ehall not be questioned in any other place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under
the authority of the United States, which shall have been cre-
ated, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased
during such time, and no person holding any office under the
United States shall be a member of either House during his
continuance in office.

Sec 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the
House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or
concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be pre-
sented to the President of the United States : If he approve,
he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objec-
tions, to that House in which it shall have originated, who
shall enter the objections at large on their Journal, and pro-
ceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds
of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, to-
gether with the objections, to the other House, by which it
shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds
of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases
the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and
nays, and the names of persons voting for and against the bill
ehall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively.
If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten
days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to
him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed
it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its re-
turn, in which case it shall not be a law.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of
the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary
(except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to
the President of the United States ; and before the same shall
take effect, shall be approved by him ; or, being disapproved
by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and

UinTED STATES. 18

House of Representatives, according to the rules and limita-
tions prescribed in the case of a bill.
Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power —

To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay
the debts and provide for the common defense and general
welfare of the United States: but all Duties, Imposts and Ex-
cises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ;

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the
several States, and with the Indian tribes;

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform
laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United
States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign
coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ;

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securi-
ties and current coin of the United States;

To establish post-offices and post roads ;

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by secur-
ing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive
right to their respective writings and discoveries;

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the
high seas, and offenses against the law of nations ;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and
make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money
to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the
land and naval forces ;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws
of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the mili-
tia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed
in the service of the United States, reserving to the States re-
spectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority
of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed
by Congress;

To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever,
over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may.

14 CONSTITUTION OF TMB

by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress,
become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and
to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the
consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards,
and other needful buildings ; and

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other
powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the
United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

Sec 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any
of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thous-
and eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed
on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be
suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the
public safety may require it.

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed
to be taken.

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any
State.

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce
or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another;
nor shall vessels bound to or from one State, be obliged to
enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in conse-
quence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular state-
ment and account of the receipts and expenditures of all pub-
lic money shall be published from time to time.

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States :
And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them
shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any pres-
ent, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any
king, prince, or foreign State.

Sec. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or
confederation : grant letters of marque or reprisal ; coin
money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and sil-
ver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of at-

UNITED STATES. IS

tainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of
contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any
imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be
absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws ; and the
net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on im-
ports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the
United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revis-
ion and control of the Congress.

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any
duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace,
enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or
with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually in-
vaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. The Executive Power shall be vested in a Pres-
ident of the United States of America. He shall hold his of-
fice during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-
President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature
thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the number
of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be
entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or
person holding an office of trust or profit under the United
States, shall be appointed an elector.

[The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote
by ballot for two persons — of one at least shall not be an in-
habitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall
make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of
votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and
transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Presi-
dent of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and
House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the
votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest
number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a
majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if
there be more than one who have such majority, and have an
equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives
shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President;

16 CONSTITUTION OF THE

and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest
on the list the said House shall, in like manner, choose the
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be
taken by States, the representation from each State having
one vote. A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem-
ber or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority
of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case,
after the choice of the President, the person having the great-
est number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President.
But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes,
the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi-
dent.*]

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the elec-
tors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which
day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the
United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution,
shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any
person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained
to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resi-
dent within the United States.

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his
death, resignation or inability to discharge the powers and
duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice
President ; and the Congress may by law provide for the case
of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the Presi-
dent and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act
as President; and such officer shall act accordingly until the
disability be removed, or a President, shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services
a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor dimin-
ished during the period for which he shall have been elected ;
and he shall not receive within that period any other emolu-
ment from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take
the following oath or affirmation :

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of ray ahili-
ity, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Sec. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the

p ■■ ■ - — ... —

*Thifl clause has been repealed and annulled by the 12th amendment.

UNITED STATES. 17

Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the
several States when called into the actual service of the
United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the
principal officer in each of the Executive Departments upon
any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices;
and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for
offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeach-
ment.

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the
Senate present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Em-
bassadors, other Public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States
whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for,
and which shall be established; but the Congress may by law
vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think
proper in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the
Heads of Departments.

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that
may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting com-
missions, wbich shall expire at the end of their next session.

Sec. 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress
information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their
consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and
expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both
Houses, or either of them ; and, in case of disagreement be-
tween them with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he
shall receive Embassadors and other public Ministers ; he
shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall
commission all the officers of the United States.

Sec 4. The President, Vice-President, and all Civil Officers
of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeach-
ment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high
Crimes and Misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as
2

18 CONSTITUTION OP THE

the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
The Judges, both of the Suprem3 and inferior courts, shall
hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated
times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall
not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in Law
and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the
United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made,
under their authority; to all cases affecting Embassadors,
other public Ministers and Consuls ; to all cases of admiralty
and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the
United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two
or more States ; between a State and citizens of another
State ; between citizens of different States ; between citizens
of the same State claiming lands under grants of different
States ; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and for-
eign States, citizens or subjects.

In all cases affecting Embassadors, other public Ministers
and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the
Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the
other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have
appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex-
ceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall
make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of Impeachment,
shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State
where the said crimes shall have be*:n committed ; but when
not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such
place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only
in levying war against them, or adhering to their enemies,
giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted
of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the
same overt act, or on confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment
of treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work corruption
of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person
attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State
to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every

UNITED STATES. 19

other State. And the Congress may by general laws pre-
scribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceed-
ings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

Sec. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or
other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in
another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of
the State from which be fled, be delivered up, to be removed
to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of
any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such ser-
vice or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party
to whom such service or labor may be due.

Sec. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into
this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected
within the jurisdiction of any other State ; nor any State be
formed by the junction of two or more States or parts of
States without the consent of the Legislatures of the State3
concerned, as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all
needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other
property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this
Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims
of the United States, or any particular State.

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in
this Union a republican form of Government, and shall pro-
tect each of them against invasion ; and on application of the
Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature can
not be convened), against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall
deem it necessary, shail propose amendments to the Consti-
tution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds
of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing
amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all in-
tents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified
by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or
by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the

20 CONSTITUTION OF THE

other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress ;
Provided, That no amendment which may be made prior to
the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any
manner affect the first and fourth classes in the ninth section
of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent,
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before
the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the
United States, under this Constitution, as under the Confeder-
ation.

This Constitution and the laws of the United States which
shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or
which shall be made, under the authority of the United States,
shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in
every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitu-
tion or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and
the members of the several State Legislatures, and all execu-
tive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the
several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to sup-
port this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be re-
quired as a qualification to any office or public trust under the
United States.

ARTICLE VII.

The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be
sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between
the States so ratifying the same.

Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the States
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of
the Independence of the United States of America the
twelfth. In Witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed
our names.

GEO. WASHINGTON,

Prcs'l and Deputy from Virginia.

New Hampshire.
JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN.

UNITED STATES.

21

Massachusetts.
NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING.

Connecticut.
WM. SAML. JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN.

New York.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON.

WIL. LIVINGSTON,
WM. PATERSON,

B. FRANKLIN,
ROBT. MORRIS,
THO. FITZSIMONS,
JAMES WILSON,

GEO. READ,
JOHN DICKINSON,
JACO. BROOM,

JAMES M'HENRY,
DANL. CARROLL,

JOHN BLAIR,

WM. BLOUNT,
HU. WILLIAMSON,

New Jersey.

DAVID BREARLEY
JONA. DAYTON.

Pennsylvania.

THOMAS MIFFLIN,
GEO CLYMER,
JARED INGERSOLL,
GOUV. MORRIS.

Delaware.

GUNNING BEDFORD, JR.
RICHARD BASSETT.

Maryland.

DAN. of ST. THOS. JENIFER

Virginia.

JAMES MADISON, JR.

North Carolina.

RICH'D DOBBS SPAIGHT.

South Carolina.
J. RUTLEDGE, CHARLES C. PINCKNEY.

CHARLES PINCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER.

WILLIAM FEW,
Attest :

Georgia.

ABR. BALDWIN.

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.

22 CONSTITUTION OF THE

ARTICLES.

In addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States
of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of
the several States, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Consti-
tution.

ARTICLE I.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom of speech or of the press ; or the right of the peo-
ple peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government
for a redress of grievances.

article n.

A well-regulated Militia being necessary to the security of
a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms
shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE HI.

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house,
without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a
manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seiz-
ures, shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but
upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and the per-
sons or things to be seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a
Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or pub-
lic danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same
offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without

UNITED STATES. 23

due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for
public use without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the
State and district wherein the crime shall have been commit-
ted, which district shall have been previously ascertained by
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusa-
tion to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and
to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-
examined in any Court of the United States, than according
to the rules of the common law.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall

not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the

people.

article x.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Con-
stitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to
the Slates respectively, or to the people.

article XI.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be con-
strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or
prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of
another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.

24 CONSTITUTION OF THE

;~

ARTICLE XII.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote
by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at
least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with them-
selves ; they shall name in their ballot the person voted for
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as
Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all per-
sons voted for as President, and all persons voted for as Vice-
President, and of the number of votes for each, which
lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat
of government of the United States, directed to the President
of the Senate : — The President of the Senate shall, in presence
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the cer-
tificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; The person
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be
the President, if such number be a majority of the whole
number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such
majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers,
not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as Presi-
dent, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately
by ballot the President. But in choosing the President, the
votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each
State having one ; a quorum for this shall consist of a member
or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of
all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the
House of Representatives shall not choose a President, when-
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President
shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President. The person having
the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the
Vice-President, if such uumber be a majority of the whole
number of electors appointed ; and if no person have a ma-
joaity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the
Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the pur-
pose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Sen-
ators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary
to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the
office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President
of the United States. .

UNITED STATES. 25

ARTICLE XIII.

"Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ex-
cept as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have
been duJy convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.

" Section 2. Congress shall »oave powsr to enforce this Ar-
ticle by appropriate legislation, approved February 1, 1863."

The Constitution was adopted on the 17th of September
17S7, by the convention appointed in pursuance of the Resolu-
tion of the Congress of the Confederation, of the 21st Febru-
ary, 1787, and ratified by the conventions of the several States,
as follows :

By Convention of Delaware 7th December, 1767

Pennsylvania 12th December, 1787

New Jersey 18th December, 1787

Georgia 2d January, 1788

Connecticut 9th January, 1788

it ii

it ii

H ii

ii ii

" " Massachusetts 6th February, 1788

» •«" Maryland 28th April, 1788

« " South Carolina 28th May, 1788

" " New Hampshire 21st June* 1788

<« " "Virginia 26th June, 1788

« " New York 26th July, 1788

«' " North Carolina 2lBt November, 1789

«• " Rhode Island 29th May, 1790

The first ten of the Amendments were proposed on the 25th
of September, 1789, and ratified by the constitutional number
of States on the 15th December, 1791 ; the eleventh, on the 8th
of January, 1798 ; and the twelfth, on the 25th September,
1801 ; and the thirteenth, on the , 186 — .

OOiTSTITXJTIOlsr

OP THE

STATE OF INDIANA.

PREAMBLE.

To the end, that justice be established, public order maintained, and
liberty perpetuated; We the People of the State of Indiana, grateful
to Almighty God for the free exercise of the right to choose our own
form of government, do ordain this Constitution.

ARTICLE I.

BILL OP RIGHTS.

Section 1. We declare, That all men are created equal ;
that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien-
able rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit
of happiness; that all power is inherent in the people; and
that all free governments are, and of right ought to be,
founded on their authority, and instituted for their peace,
safety, and well being. For the advancement of these ends,
the People have, at all times, an indefeasible right to alter
and reform their government.

Sec. 2. All men shall be secured in their natural right to
worship Almighty God, according to th'e dictates of their own
consciences.

Sec. 3. No law shall, in any case whatever, control the free
exercise and enjoyment of religious opinions, or interfere with
the rights of conscience.

Sec. 4. No preference shall be given, by law, to any creed,
religious society, or mode of worship ; and no man shall be
compelled to attend, erect, or support any place of worship,
or to maintain any ministry, against his consent.

(26)

STATE OP INDIANA. 27

Sec. 5. No religious test shall be required, as a qualification
for any office of trust or profit.

Sec. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, for the
benefit of any religious or theological institution.

Sec. 7. No person shall be rendered incompetent as a wit-
ness, in consequence of his opinions on matters of religion.

Sec. 8. The mode of administering an oath or affirmation,
shall be such as inay be most consistent with, and binding
upon, the conscience of the person to whom such oath or
affirmation may be administered.

Sec. 9. No law shall be passed, restraining the free inter-
change of thought and opinion, or restricting the right to
speak, write, or print freely, on any subject whatever; but for
the abuse of that right every person shall be responsible.

Sec. 10. In all prosecutions for libel, the truth of the mat-
ters alleged to be libelous may be given in justification.

Sec. 11. The right of the people to be secure in their per-
sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable search
or seizure, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue,
but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
person or thing to be seized.

Sec. 12. All courts shall be open; and every man, for
injury done to him in his person, property or reputation, shall
have remedy by due course of law. Justice shall be admin-
istered freely, and without purchase ; completely, and without
denial ; speedily, and without delay.

Sec. 13. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall have
the right to a public trial, by an impartial jury, in the county
in which the offense shall have been committed ; to be heard
by himself and counsel; to demand the nature and cause of
the accusation against him, and to have a copy thereof; to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory pro-
cess for obtaining witnesses in his favor.

Sec. 14. No person shall be put in jeopardy twice for the
same offense. No person, in any criminal prosecution, shall
be compelled to testify against himself.

Sec. 15. No person arrested, or confined in jail, shall be
treated with unnecessary rigor.

Sec. 16. Excessive bail shall not be required. Excessive
fines shall not be imposed. Cruel and unusual punishment

28 CONSTITUTION OP THE

shall not be inflicted. All penalties shall be proportioned to
the nature of the offense.

Sec. 17. Offenses, other than murder or treason, shall be
bailable by sufficient sureties. Murder or treason shall not
be bailable, when the proof is evident, or the presumption
strong.

Sec. 18. The penal code shall be founded on the principles
of reformation, and not of vindictive justice.

Sec. 19. In all criminal cases whatever, the jury shall have
the right to determine the law and the facts.

Sec. 20. In all civil cases, the right of trial by jury shall
remain inviolate.

Sec. 21. No man's particular services shall be demanded
without just compensation. No man's property shall be taken
by law, without just compensation; nor, except in case of the
State, without such compensation first assessed and tendered.

See. 22. The privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary
comforts of life, shall be recognized by wholesome laws, ex-
empting a reasonable amount of property from seizure or sale
for the payment of any debt or liability hereafter contracted;
and there shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in case
of fraud.

Sec. 23. The General Assembly shall not grant to any citi-
zen, or class of citizens, privileges or immunities which, upon
the same terms, shall not equally belong to all citizens.

Sec. 24. No ex-post-facto law, or law impairing the obliga-
tion of contracts, shall ever be passed.

Sec. 25. No law shall be passed, the taking effect of which
shall be made to depend upon any authority, except as pro-
vided in this Constitution.

Sec. 26. The operation of the laws shall never be suspend-
ed, except by the authority of the General Assembly.

Sec. 27. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not
be suspended, except in case of rebellion or invasion; and
then, only if the public safety demand it.

Sec. 28. Treason against the State shall consist only in
levying war against it, and in giving aid and comfort to its
enemies.

Sec. 29. No person shall be convicted of treason, except on
the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or upon
his confession in open court.

STATE OP INDIANA. 29

Sec. 30. No conviction shall work corruption of blood, or
forfeiture of estate.

Sec. 31. No law shall restrain any of the inhabitants of the
State from assembling together in a peaceable manner, to
consult for their common good; nor from instructing their
representatives ; nor from applying to the General Assembly
for redress of grievances.

Sec. 32. The people shall have a right to bear arms, for the
defense of themselves and the State.

Sec. 33. The military shall be kept in strict subordination
to the civil power.

Sac. 34. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in
any house, without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Sec. 35. The General Assembly shall not grant any title of
nobility, nor confer hereditary distinctions.

Sec. 36. Emigration from the State shall not be prohibited.

Sec. 37. There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary
servitude, within the State, otherwise than for the punishment
of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
No indenture of any Negro or Mulatto, made and executed
out of the bounds of the State, shall be valid within the State.

ARTICLE II.

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTION.

Sec. 1. All elections shall be free and equal.

Sec. 2. In all elections, not otherwise provided for by this
Constitution, every white male citizen of the United States,
of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, who shall have
resided in the State during the six months immediately pre-
ceding such election; and every white male, of foreign birth,
of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, who shall have
resided in the United States one year, and shall have resided
in this State during the six months immediately preceding
such election, and shall have declared his intention to become
a citizen of the United States, conformably to the laws of the
United States on the subject of naturalization, shall be enti-
tled to vote in the township or precinct where he may reside.

Sec. 3. No soldier, seaman, or marine, in the army or navy
of the United States, cr of their allies, shall be deemed to

30 CONSTITUTION OP THE

have acquired a residence within the State, in consequence
of having been stationod within the same ; nor shall any such
soldier, seaman, or marine have the right to vote.

Sec. 4. No person shall be deemed to have lost his resi-
dence in the State by reason of his absence, either on busi-
ness of this State or of the United States.

Sec. 5. No Negro or Mulatto shall have the right of suf-
frage.

Sec. 6. Every person shall be disqualified from holding of-
fice during the term for which he may have been elected, who
shall have given or offered a bribe, threat, or reward to pro-
cure his election.

Sec. 7. Every person who shall give or accept a challenge
to fight a duel, or who shall knowingly carry to another per.
son such challenge, or who shall agree to go out of the State
to fight a duel, thall be ineligible to any office of trust or
profit.

Sec. 8. The General Assembly shall have power to deprive
of the right of suffrage, and to render ineligible, any person
convicted of an infamous crime.

Sec. 9. No person holding a lucrative office or appointment
under the United States, or under this State, shall be eligible
to a seat in the General Assembly ; nor shall any person hold
more than one lucrative office at the same time, except as in
this Constitution expressly permitted: Provided, that officers
in the militia, to which there is attached no annual salary, and
the office of Deputy Postmaster, where the compensation does
not exceed ninety dollars per annum, shall not be deemed lu-
crative : And provided, also, that counties containing less
than one thousand polls, may confer the office of Clerk, Re-
corder, and Auditor, or any two of said offices, upon the same
person.

See. 10. No person who may hereafter be a collector or
holder of public moneys, shall be eligible to any office of
trust or profit, until he shall have accounted for, and paid over,
according to law, all sums for which he may be liable.

Sec. 11. In all caseB in which it is provided that an office
shall not be filled by the same person more than a certain
number of years continuously, an appointment pro tempore,
shall not be reckoned a part of that term.

Sec. 12. In all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of

STATE OF INDIANA. 81

the peace, electors shall be free from arrest, in going to elec-
tions, during their attendance there, and in returning from the
Bame.

Sec. 13. All elections by the people shall be by ballot; and
all elections by the General Assembly, or by either branch
thereof, shall be viva voce.

Sec. 14. All general elections shall be held on the second
Tuesday in October.

AETICLE III.

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

Section 1. The powers of the Government are divided into
three separate departments; the Legislative, the Executive,
including the Administrative, and the Judicial; and no per-
son, charged with official duties under one of these depart-
ments, shall exercise any of the functions of another, except
as in this Constitution expressly provided.

ARTICLE IY.

LEGISLATIVE.

Section 1. The Legislative authority of the State shall be
vested in the General Assembly, which shall consist of a Sen-
ate and a House of Representatives. The style of every law
shall be: "Be it enacted by the General Assembly oi the
State of Indiana ;:' and no law shall be enacted except by bill.

Sec. 2. The Senate shall not exceed fifty, nor the House of
Representatives one hundred members; and they shall be
chosen by the electors of the respective counties or districts,
into which the State may, from time to time, be divided.

Sec. 3. Senators shall be elected for the term of four years
and Representatives for the term of two years, from the day
next after their general election : Provided, however, that the
Senators elect, at the second meeting of the General Assem-
bly under this Constitution, shall be divided, by lot into two
equal classes, as nearly as may be ; and the seats of Senators
of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of two
years, and those of tho second class at the expiration of four
years; so that one-half as nearly as possible, shall be chosen
biennially forever thereafter. And in case of increase in the
number of Senators, they shall be annexed, by lot, to one or

32 CONSTITUTION OP THE

the other of the two classes, as to keep them as nearly equal
as practicable.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall, at its second session
after the adoption of this Constitution, and every six years
thereafter, cause an enumeration to be made of all the white
male inhabitants over the age of twenty-one years.

Sec. 5. The number of Senators and Representatives shall,
at the session next following each period of making such
enumeration, be fixed by law, and apportioned among the sev-
eral counties, according to the number of white male inhabi-
tants above twenty-one years of age in each: Provided, that
the first and second election of members of the General As-
sembly under this Constitution shall be according to the ap-
portionment last made by the General Assembly, before the
adoption of this Constitution.

Sec. 6. A senatorial or representative district, where more
than one county shall constitute a district, shall be composed
of contiguous counties ; and no county for senatorial appor-
tionment shall ever be divided.

Sec. 7. No person shall be a senator or a representative
who at the time of his election is not a citizen of the United
States ; nor any one who has not been, for two years next pre-
ceding his election, an inhabitant of this State, and, for one
year next preceding his election, an inhabitant of the county
or district whence he may be chosen. Senators shall be at
least twenty-five, and Representatives at least twenty-one
years of age.

Sec. 8. Senators and Representatives, in all cases except
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, shall be privileged
from arrest during the session of the General Assembly, and
in going to and returning from the same, and shall not be sub-
ject to any civil process during the session of the General
Assembly, nor during the fifteen days next before the com-
mencement thereof. For any speech or debate -in either house,
a member shall not be questioned in any other place.

Sec. 9. The session of the General Assembly shall be held
biennially at the capital of Ihe State, commencing on the
Thursday next after the first Monday of January, in the year
one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and on the same
day of every second year thereafter, unless a different day or
place shall have been appointed by law. But if, in the

STATE OP INDIANA.

opinion of the Governor, the public welfare shall require it,
he may, at any time, by proclamation, call a special session.
Sec. 10. Each house when assembled shall choose its own
officers (the President of the Senate excepted), judge of the
elections, qualifications, and returns of its own members, de-
termine its rules of proceeding, and sit upon its own adjourn-
ment. But neither house shall, without the consent of the
other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any place
other than that in which it may be sitting.

Sec. 11. Two-thirds of each house shall constitute a quorum
to do business, but a smaller number may meet, adjourn from
day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members.
A quorum being in attendance, if either house fail to effect an
organization within the first five days thereafter, the members
of the house so failing shall be entitled to no compensation
from the end of the said five days, until an organization shall
have been effected.

Sec. 12. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings,
and publish the same. The yeas and nays, on any question,
shall, at the request of any two members, be entered, together
with the names of the members demanding the same, on the
journal : Provided, that on a motion to adjourn, it shall reqiure
one-tenth of the members present to ordar the yeas and nays.

Sec. 13. The doors of each house, and of committees of the
whole, shall be kept open, except in such cases, as, in the
opinion of either house, may require secrecy.

Sec. 14. Either house may punish its members for disor-
derly behavior, and may, with the concurrence of two-thirds,
expel a member; but not a second time for the same cause.

Sec. 15. Either house, during its session, may punish by
imprisonment, any person not a member, who shall have been
guilty of disrespect to the house, by disorderly or contempt-
uous behavior in its presence; but such imprisonment shall not
at any time exceed twenty-four hours.

Sec. 1G. Each house shall have all powers necessary for a
branch of the legislative department of a free and indepen-
dent State.

Sec. 17. Bills may originate in either house, but may be
amended or rejected in the other, except that bills for raising
revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives.

3

34 CONSTITUTION OP THE

Sec. 18. Every bill shall be read, by sections, on three sev-
eral days, in each house; unless, in case of emergency, two-
thirds of the house where such bill may be depending shall,
by a vote of yeas and nays, deem it expedient to dispense with
this rule ; but the reading of a bill by sections, on its final
passage, shall, in no case, be dispensed with; and the vote on
the passage of every bill or joint resolution shall be taken by
yeas and nays.

Sec. 19. Every act shall embrace but one subject and mat-
ters properly connected therewith ; which subject shall be
expressed in the title. But if any subject shall be embraced
in an act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act
shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be ex-
pressed in the title.

Sec. 20. Every act and joint resolution shall be plainly
worded, avoiding, as far as practicable, the use of technical
terms.

Sec. 21. No act shall ever be revised or amended by mere
reference to its title ; but the act revised, or section amended,
shall be set forth and published at full length.

Sec. 22. The General Assembly shall not pass local or spe-
cial laws, in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to*
say:

Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the
peace and of constables;

For the punishment of crimes and misdemeanors ;

Regulating the practice in courts of justice ;

Providing for changing the venue in civil and criminal
cases;

Granting divorces ;

Changing the names of persons ;

For laying out, opening and working on, highways, and for
the election or appointment of supervisors ;

Vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys, and public
squares;

Summoning and empanneling grand and petit juries, and
providing for their compensation ;

Regulating the election of county and township officers,
and their compensation ;

For the assessment and collection of taxes for State, county,
township, or road purposes ;

STATE OP INDIANA. 35

Providing for supporting common schools, and the preserva-
tion of school funds;

In relation to fees or salaries ;

In relation to interest on money;

Providing for opening and conducting elections of Sfca&j
county, or township officers, and designating the places of
voting ;

Providing for the sale of real estate belonging to minors or
other persons laboring under legal disabilities, by executors,
administrators, guardians, or trustees.

Sec. 23. In all the cases enumerated in the preceding sec-
tion, and in all other cases where a general law can be made
applicable, all laws shall be general, and of uniform operation
throughout the State.

Sec. 24. Provisions may be made, by general law, for bring-
ing suit against the State, as to all liabilities originating after
the adoption of this Constitution ; but no special act author-
izing such suit to be brought, or making compensation to any
person claiming damages against the State, shall ever be
passed.

Sec. 25. A majority of all the members elected to each
house, shall be necessary to pass every bill or joint resolution ;
and all bills and joint resolutions so passed, shall be signed by
the presiding officers of the respective houses.

Sec. 26. Any member of either house shall have the right
to protest, and to have his protest, with his reasons for dissent,
entered on the journal.

Sec. 27. Every statute shall be a public law, unless other-
wise declared in the statute itself.

Sec. 23. No act shall take effect, until the same shall have
been published and circulated in the several counties of this
State, by authority, except in case of emergency ; which emer-
gency shall be declared in the preamble, or in the body of the
law.

Sec. 29. The members of the General Assembly shall re-
ceive for their services, a compensation, to bo fixed by law;
but no increase of compensation shall take effect during the
session at which such increase may be made. No session of
the General Assembly, except the first under this Constitu-
tion, shall extend beyond the term of sixty-one days, nor any
special session beyond the term of forty days.

36 CONSTITUTION OF THE

•*.

Sec. 30. No Senator or Representative shall, during the
term for which he may have been elected, be eligible to any
office, the election to which is vested in the General Assem-
bly ; nor shall he be appointed to any civil office of profit,
which diall have been created, or the emoluments of which
have been increased, during such term; but this latter provis-
ion shall not be construed to apply to any office elective by
the people.

ARTICLE V

EXECUTIVE.

Section 1. The executive power of the State shall be vested
in a Governor. He shall hold his office during four years, and
shall not be eligible more than four years in any period of
eight years.

Sec. 2. There shall be a Lieutenant-Governor, who shall
hold his office during four years.

Sec. 3 The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall be
elected at the times and places of choosing members of the
General Assembly.

Sec. 4. In voting for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor
the electors shall designate for whom they vote as Governor,
and for whom as Lieutenant-Governor. The returns of every
election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be
sealed up and transmitted to the seat of Government, directed
to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall
open and publish them in the presence of both Houses of the
General Assembly.

Sec. 5. The person, respectively, having the highest num-
ber of votes for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, shall be
elected ; but in case two or more persons shall have an equal,
and the highest, number of votes for either office, the General
Assembly shall, by joint vote, forthwith proceed to elect one
of the said persons Governor or Lieutenant, as the case
may be.

Sec. 6. Contested elections for Governor or Lieutenant-
Governor, shall be determined by the General Assembly, in
such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible to the office of Gover-
nor or Lieutenant-Governor, who shall not have been five
years a citizen of the United States, and also a resident of the

STATE OP INDIANA. 37

State of Indiana during the five years next preceding his elec-
tion, nor shall any person be eligible to either of the said
offices, who shall not have attained the age of thirty years.

Sec. 8. No member of Congress, or person holding any
office under the United States or under this State, shall fill
the office of Governor or Lieutenant-Governor.

Seo. 9. The official term of the Governor and Lieutenant-
Governor shall commence on the second Monday of January,
in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three ; and
on the same day every fourth year thereafter.

Sec. 10. In case of the removal of the Governor from office,
or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the du-
ties of the office, the same shall devolve on the Lieutenant-
Governor; and the General Assembly shall, by law, provide
for the case of removal from office, death, resignation, or ina-
bility, both of the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, declar-
ing what officer shall then act as Governor; and such officer
shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a
Governor be elected.

Sec. 11. Whenever the Lieutenant-Governor shall act as
Governor, or shall be unable to attend as President of the
Senate, the Senate shall elect one of its own members as
President for the occasion.

Sec. 12. The Governor shall be commander-in-chief of the
military and naval forces, and may call out such forces to exe-
cute the laws, or to suppress insurrection or to repel invasion.

Sec. 13. He shall from time to time, give to the General
Assembly information touching the condition of the State,
and recommend such measures as he shall judge to be ex-
pedient.

Sec. 14. Eve?'y bill which shall have passed the General
Assembly, shall be presented to the Governor; if he approve,
he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objec-
tions, to the house in which it shall have originated; which
house shall enter the objections, at large, upon its journals,
and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsidera-
tion, a majority of all the members elected to that house, shall
agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the Governor's
objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be
reconsidered; and, if approved by a majority of all the mem-
bers elected to that house, it shall be a law. If any bill shall

38 CONSTITUTION OP THE

not be returDed by the Governor within three days, Sundays
excepted, after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be
a law, without his signature, unless the general adjournment
shall prevent its return ; in which case it shall be a law, unless
the Governor, within five days next after such adjournment,
shall file such bill, with his objections thereto, in the office of
Secretary of State ; who shall lay the same before the General
Assembly, at its next session, in like manner as if it had been
returned by the Governor. But no bill shall be presented to
the Governor, within two days next previous to the final ad-
journment of the General Assembly.

Sec. 15. The Governor shall transact all necessary business
with the officers of the government, and may require informa-
tion, in writing, from the officers of the administrative depart-
ment, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respec-
tive offices.

Sec. 16. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully exe-
cuted.

Sec. 17. He shall have the power to grant reprieves, com-
mutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses, except
treason and cases of impeachment, subject to such regulations
as may be provided by law. Upon conviction for treason, he
shall have power to suspend the execution of the sentence,
until the case shall be reported to the General Assembly, at
its next meeting; when the General Assembly shall either
grant a pardon, commute the sentence, direct the execution
of a sentence, or grant a further reprieve. He shall have
power to remit fines and forfeitures, under such regulations as
may be prescribed bylaw; and shall report to the General
Assembly, at its next meeting, each case of reprieve, commu-
tation, or pardon granted, and also the names of all persons in
whose favor remission of fines and forfeitures shall have been
made, and the several amounts remitted: Provided, however,
that the General Assembly may, by law, constitute a council,
to be composed of officers of State, without whose advice and
consent the Governor shall not have power to grant pardons,
in any case, except such as may, by law, be left to his sole
power.

Sec. 18. When, during a recess of the General Assembly, a
vacancy shall happen in anv office, the appointment to which
is vested in the General Assembly ; or when, at any time, a

STATE OP INDIANA. 39

vacancy shall have occurred in any other State office, or in the
office of judge of any court; the Governor shall fill such va-
cancy by appointment, which shall expire when a successor
shall have been elected and qualified.

Sec. 19. He shall issue writs of election, to fill such vacan-
cies as may have occurred in the General Assembly.

Sec. 20. Should the seat of government become dangerous
from disease, or a common enemy, he may convene the Gen-
eral Assembly at any other place.

Sec. 21. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his
office, be President of the Senate ; have a right, when in com-
mittee of the whole, to join in debate, and to vote on all sub-
jects; and, whenever the Senate shall be equally divided, he
shall give the casting vote.

Sec. 22. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his
services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor
diminished during the term for which he shall have been
elected.

Sec. 23. The Lieutenant Governor, while he shall act as
President of the Senate, shall receive for his services the same
compensation as the Speaker of the Ilouse of Representa-
tives ; and any person acting as Governor, shall receive the
compensation attached to the office of Governor.

Sec. 21. Neither the Governor nor the" Lieutenant Gover-
nor shall be eligible to any other office, during the term for
which he shall have been elected.

ARTICLE VI.

ADMINISTRATIVE.

Section 1. There shall be elected by the voters of the State
an Auditor, a Treasurer of Slate, who shall, severally, hold
their offices for two years. They shall perform such duties, as
may be enjoined bylaw; and no person shall be eligible to
either of said offices, more than four years in any period of six
years.

Sec. 2. There shall be elected, in each county, by the
voters thereof, at the time of holding general elections, a
clerk of the circuit court, auditor, recorder, treasurer, sheriff,
coroner, and surveyor. The clerk, auditor, and recorder shall
continue in office four years ; and no person shall be eligible
to the office of clerk, recorder, or auditor, more than eighA

40 CONSTITUTION OP THE

years, in any period of twelve years. The treasurer, sheirff,
coroner, and surveyor, shall continue in office two \ears; and
no person shall be eligible to the office of treasurer or sheriff
more than four years in any period of six years.

Sec. 3. Such other county and township officers as may be
necessary, shall be elected, or appointed, in such manner as
may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 4. No person shall be elected, or appointed as a county
officer, who shall not be an elector of the county; nor any one
who shall not have been an inhabitant thereof during one
year next preceding his appointment, if the county shall have
been so long organized, but if the county shall not have been
so long organized, then within the limits of the county or
counties, out of which the same shall have been taken.

Sec. 5. The Governor, and the Secretary, Auditor, and
Treasurer of State shall, severally, reside and keep the public
records, books and papers, in any manner relating to their re-
spective offices, at the seat of government.

Sec. 6. All county, township, and town officers shall reside
within their respective counties, townships, and towns ; and
shall keep their respective offices at such places therein, and
perform such duties, as may be directed by law.

Sec. 7. All State officers shall, for crime, incapacity, or
negligence, be liable to be removed from office, either by im-
peachment by the House of Representatives, to be tried by
the Senate, or by a joint resolution of the General Assembly;
two-thirds of the members elected to each branch voting, in
either case, therefor.

Sec. 8. All State, county, township, and town officers, may
be impeached, or removed from office, in such manner as may
be prescribed by law.

Sec. 9. Vacancies in county, township, and town offices
shall be filled in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 10. The General Assembly may confer upon the boards
doing county business in the several counties, powers of a lo-
cal administrative character.

STATE OF INDIANA. 41

ARTICLE VII.

JUDICIAL

Section 1. The Judicial power of the State shall be vested
in a Supreme Court, in Circuit Courts, and in such inferior
Courts as the General Assembly may establish.

Sec. 2. The Supreme Court shall consist of not less than
three, nor more than live Judges; a majority of whom shall
form a quorum. They shall hold their offices for six years, if
they so long behave well.

Sec. 3. The State shall be divided into as many districts as
there are judges of the Supreme Court; and such districts
shall be formed of contiguous territory, as nearly equal in pop-
ulation, as, without dividing a county, the same can be made.
One of said judges shall be elected from each district, and re-
side therein; but said judge shall be elected by the electors
of the State at large.

Sec. 4. The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction, co-ex-
tensive with the limits of the State, in appeals and writs of
error, under such regulations and restrictions as may be pre-
scribed by law. It shall also have such original jurisdiction
as the General Assembly may confer.

Sec. 5. The Supreme Court shall, upon the decision of
every case, give a statement in writing of each question aris-
ing in the record of such case, and the dicision of the court
thereon.

Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall provide, by law, for
the speedy publication of the decisions of the Supreme Court,
made under this Constitution; but no judge shall be allowed
to report such decisions.

Sec. 7. There shall be elected by the voters of the State, a
Clerk of the Supreme Court, who shall hold his office four
years, and whose duties shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 8. The circuit courts shall each consist of one judge,
and shall have such civil and criminal jurisdiction as may be
prescribed by law.

Sec. 9. The State shall from time to time, be divided into
judicial circuits; and a judge for each circuit shall be elected
by the voters thereof, lie shall reside within the circuit, and
shall hold his office for the term of six years, if he so long
behave well.

42 CONSTITUTION OF THE

Sec. 10. The General Assembly may provide by law, that
the judge of one circuit may hold the courts of another circuit,
in cases of necessity or convenience; and in case of temporary
inability of any judge, from sickness or other cause, to hold
the courts in his circuit, provision may be made, by law, for
holding such courts.

Sec. 11. There shall be elected in each judicial circuit, by
the voters thereof, a prosecuting attorney, who shall hold his
office for two years.

Sec. 12. Any judge or prosecuting attorney, who shall
have been convicted of corruption or other high crime, may,
on information in the name of the State, be removed from of-
fice by the Supreme Court, or in such other manner as may
be prescribed by law.

Sec. 13. The judges of the Supreme Court and circuit
courts shall, at stated times, receive a compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Sec. 14. A conpetent number of justices of the peace shall
be elected, by the voters in each township in the several
counties. They shall continue in office four years, and their
powers and duties shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 15. All judicial officers shall be conservators of the
peace in their respective jurisdictions.

Sec. 16. No person elected to any judicial office, shall, dur-
ing the term for which he shall have been elected, be eligible
to any office of trust or profit, under the State, other than a
judicial office.

Sec. 17. The General Assembly may modify, or abolish, the
grand jury system.

Sec. 18. All criminal prosecutions shall be carried on in
the name, and by the authority of the State ; and the style of
all process shall be: "The State of Indiana."

Sec. 19. Tribunals of conciliation may be established, with
such powers and duties as shall be prescribed by law ; or the
powers and duties of the same may be conferred upon other
courts of justice; but such tribunals or other courts, when
sitting as such, shall have no power to render judgment to be
obligatory on the parties, unless they voluntarily submit their
matterp of difference, and agree to abide the judgment of
such tribunal or court.

Sec. 20. The General Assembly, at its first session after the

STATE OP INDIANA. 43

adoption of this Constitution, shall provide for the appoint-
ment ®f three commissioners, whose duty it shall be to revise,
simplify, and abridge the rules, practice, pleadings, and forms
of the courts of justice. And they shall provide for abolish-
ing the distinct forms of action at law, now in use , and that
justice shall be administered in a uniform mode of pleading,
without distinction between law and equity. And the Gen-
eral Assembly may, also, make it the duty of said commis-
sioners to reduce into a systematic code, the general statute
law of the State ; and said commissioners shall report the re-
sult of their labors to the General Assembly, with such
recommendations and suggestions, as to abridgment and
amendment, as to said commissioners, may seem necessary or
proper. Provision shall be made, by law, for filling vacancies,
regulating the tenure of office and the compensation of said
commissioners.

Sec. 21. Every person of good moral character, being a
voter, shall be entitled to admission to practice law in all
courts of justice.

ARTICLE VIII.

EDUCATION.

Section 1. Knowledge and learning, generally diffused
throughout a community, being essential to the preservation
of a free government, it shall be the duty of the General
Assembly to encourage, by all suitable means, moral intel-
lectual, scientific, and agricultural improvement; to provide,
by law, for a general and uniform system of common schools,
wherein tuition shall be without charge, and equally open
to all.

Sec. 2. The common school fund shall consist of the con-
gressional township fund, and the lands belonging thereto ;

The surplus revenue fund ;

The saline fund and the lands belonging thereto ;

The bank tax fund, and the funds arising from the one hun-
dred and fourteenth section of the charter of the State Bank
of Indiana;

The fund to be derived from the sale of county seminaries,
and the moneys and property heretofore held for such semina-
ries; from tbe fines assessed for breaches of the penal laws of
the State ; and from all forfeitures which may accrue ;

•

44 CONST! lUriON OP THE

All lands and other estate which shall escheat to the State,
for want of heirs or kindred entitled to the inheritance ;

All lands that have been, or may hereafter be, granted to
the State, where no special purpose is expressed in the grant,
and the proceeds of the sales thereof; including the proceeds
of the sales of the Swamp Lands, granted to the State of
Indiana by the act of Congress of the 28th of September,
1850, after deducting the expenses of selecting and draining
the same ;

Taxes on the property of corporations, that may be assessed
by the General Assembly for common school purposes.

Sec. 3. The principal of the common school fund shall re-
main a perpetual fund, which may be increased, but shall
never be diminished; and the income thereof shall be invio-
lably appropriated to the support of common schools, and to
no other purpose whatever.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall invest, in some safe
and profitable manner, all such portions of the common
school fund as have not heretofore been entrusted to the sev-
eral counties ; and shall make provision, by law, for the distri-
bution among the several counties of the interest thereof.

Sec. 5. If any county shall fail to demand its proportion of
such interest for common school purposes, the same shall be
reinvested for the benefit of such county.

Sec. 6. The several counties shall be held liable for the
preservation of so much of the said fund as may be intrusted
to them, and for the payment of the annual interest thereon.

Sec. 7. All trust funds held by the State shall remain invio-
late, and be faithfully, and exclusively applied to the purpose
for which the trust was created.

Sec. 8. The General Assembly shall provide for the elec-
tion, by the voters of the State, of a State Superintendent of
Public Instruction, who shall hold his office for two years, and
whose duties and compensation shall be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IX.

STATE INSTITUTIONS.

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to
provide by law for the support of Institututions for the edu-
cation of the Deaf and Dumb, and of the Blind ; and also for
the treatment of the Insane.

STATE OF INDIANA. 45

Sec. 2. The General Assembly shall provide Houses of
Refuge for the correction and reformation of juvenile offenders.

Sec. 3. The county boards shall have power to provide
farms, as an asylum for those persons who, by reason of age,
infirmity or other misfortune, have claims upon the sympa-
thies and aid of society.

ARTICLE X.

FINANCE.

Section 1. The General Assembly shall provide by law for
a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation ; and
shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just valua-
tion for taxation of all property, both real and personal, ex-
cepting such only for municipal, educational, literary, scien-
tific, religious or charitable purposes, as may be specially
exempted by law.

Sec. 2. All the revenues derived from the sale of any of
the public works belonging to the State, and from the net an-
nual income thereof, and any surplus that may at any time re-
main in the treasury, derived from taxation for general State
purposes, after the payment of the ordinary expenses of the
government, and of the interest on bonds of the State, other
than bank bonds, shall be annually applied, under the direc-
tion of the General Assembly, to the payment of the principal
of the public debt.

Sec. H. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in
pursuance of appropriations made by law.

Sec. 4. An accurate statement of the receipts and expend-
itures of the public money, shall be published with the laws
of each regular session of the General Assembly.

Sec. 5. No law shall authorize any debt to be contract-
ed, on behalf of the State, except in the following cases:
To meet casual deficits in the revenue ; to pay the interest on
the State Debt; to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or if
hostilities be threatened, provide for the p«blic defense.

Sec. 6. No county shall subscribe for stock in any incorpo-
rated company, unless the same be paid for at the time of
such subscription ; nor shall any county loan its credit to any
incorporated company, nor borrow money for the purpose of
taking stock in any such company ; nor shall the General
Assembly ever, on behalf of the State, assume the debts of

46 CONSTITUTION OF THE

any county, city, town, or township, nor of any corporation
whatever.

ARTICLE XI.

CORPORATIONS .

Section 1. The General Assembly shall not have power to
establish, or incorporate, any bank or banking company, or
moneyed institution, for the porpose of issuing bills of credit,
or bills payable to order or bearer, except under the condi-
tions prescribed in this Constitution.

Sec. 2. No banks shall be established otherwise than under
a general banking law, except as provided in the fourth sec-
tion of this article.

Sec. 3. If the General Assembly shall enact a general
banking law, such law shall provide for the registry and
countersigning, by an officer of State, of all paper credit de-
signed to be circulated as money ; and ample collateral se-
curity, readily convertible into specie, for the redemption of
the same in gold or silver, shall be required; which collateral
security shall be under the control of the proper officer or
officers of State.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly may also charter a bank
with branches, without collateral security, as required in the
preceding section.

Sec. 5. If the General Assembly shall establish a bank
with branches, the branches shall be mutually responsible
for each other's liabilities, upon all paper credit issued as
money.

Sec. 6. The stockholders in every bank, or banking com-
pany, shall be individually responsible to an amount over and
above their stock, equal to their respective shares of stock,
for all debts or liabilities of said bank or banking company.

Sec. 7. All bills or notes issued as money, shall be, at all
times, redeemable in gold or silver ; and no law shall be
passed, sanctioning, directly or indirectly, the suspension, by
any bank or banking company, of specie payments.

Sec. 8. Holders of bank notes shall be entitled, in case of
insolvency, to preference of payment over all other creditors.

Sec. 9. No bank shall receive, directly or indirectly, a
greater rate of interest than shall be allowed, by law, to indi-
viduals loaning money.

STATE OP INDIANA. 47

Sec. 10. Every bank or banking company shall be required
to cease all banking operations within twenty years from the
tkne of its organization, and promptly thereafter to close its
business.

Sec. 11. The General Assembly is not prohibited from in-
vesting the Trust Funds in a bank with branches ; but in case
of such investment, the safety of the same shall be guaran-
teed by unquestionable security.

Sec. 12. The State shall not be a stockholder in any bank
after the expiration of the present bank charter ; nor shall
the credit of the State ever be given, or loaned, in aid of any
person, association or corporation ; nor shall the State here-
after become a stockholder in any corporation or association.

Sec. 13. Corporations, other than banking, shall not be cre-
ated by special act, but may be formed under general laws.

Sec. 14. Dues from corporations, other than banking, shall
be secured by such individual liability of the corporators, or
other means, as may be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE XII.

MILITIA.

Section 1. The militia shall consist of all able-bodied
white male persons, between the ages of eighteen and forty-
five years, except such as may be exempted by the laws of
the United States, or of this State ; and shall be organized,
officered, armed, equipped, and trained, in 6uch manner as may
be provided by law.

Sec. 2. The Governor shall appoint the Adjutant, Quarter-
master and Commissary Generals.

Sec. 3. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the
Governor, and shall hold their offices not longer than six years.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall determine the method
of dividing the militia into divisions, brigades, regiments,
batalions and companies, and fix the rank of all staff officers.

Sec. 5. The militia may be divided into classes of sedentary
and active militia, in such manner as shall be prescribed by
law.

Sec. 6. No person conscientiously opposed to bearing arm3
shall be compelled to do militia duty ; but such person shall
pay an equivalent for exemption; the amount to be pre-
scribed by law.

48 CONSTITUTION OF THE

ARTICLE XIII.

NEGEOES AND MULATTOES.

Sec. 1. No Negro or Mulatto shall come into, or settle iD,
the State, after the adoption of this Constilution.

Sec. 2. All contracts made with any Negro or Mulatto
coming into the State, contrary to the provisions of the fore-
going section, shall be void ; and any person who shall employ
such Negro or Mulatto, or otherwise encourage him to remain
in the State, shall be fined in any sum not less than ten dol-
lars, nor more than five hundred dollars.

Sec. 3. All fines which may be collected for a violation of
the provisions of this article, or of any law which may here-
after be passed for the purpose of carrying the same into exe-
cution, shall be set apart and appropriated for the colonization
of such Negroes andMulattoes, and their descendants, as may
be in the State at the adoption of this Constitution, and may
be willing to emigrate.

Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall pass laws to carry out
the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XIV.

BOUNDARIES

Section 1. In order that the boundaries of the State may
be known and established, it is hereby ordained and declared,
that the State of Indiana is bounded, on the east, by the me-
ridian line which forms the western boundary of the State of
Ohio; on the south, by the Ohio River, from the mouth of the
Great Miami River to the mouth of the Wabash River; on
the west, by a line drawn along the middle of the Wabash
River, from its mouth to a point where adua north line, drawn
from the town of Vincennes, would last touch the north-west-
ern shore of said Wabash River; and, thence, by a due north
line, until the same shall intersect an east and west line, drawn
through a point ten miles north of the southern extreme of
Lake Michigan ; on the north, by said east and west line, until
the same shall intersect the first mentioned meridian line,
which forms the western boundary of the State of Ohio.

Sec. 2. The State of Indiana shall possess jurisdiction and
sovereignty co extensive with the boundaries declared in the
preceding section; and 6hall have concurrent jurisdiction, in

STATE OP INDIANA. 49

civil and criminal cases, with the State of Kentucky on the
Ohio River, and with the Stato of Illinois on the Wabash River,
so far as said rivers form the common boundary between this
State and said States respectively.

ARTICLE XV.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Section 1. All officers whose appointment is not otherwise
provided for in this Constitution, shall be chosen in such man-
ner as now is, or hereafter may be, prescribed by law.

Sec. 2. When the duration of any office is not provided for
by this Constitution, it may be declared by law ; and, if not so
declored, such office shall be held during the pleasure of the
authority making the appointment. But the General Assem-
bly shall not create any office, the tenure of which shall be
longer than four years.

Sec. 3. Whenever it is provided in this Constitution, or in
any law which may be hereafter passed, that any officer oilier
than a member of the General Assembly, shall hold his office
for any given term, the same shall be construed to mean, that
such officer shall hold his office for such term, and until his
successor shall have been elected and qualified.

Sec. 4 Every person elected or appointed to any office
under this Constitution shall, before entering on the duiies
thereof, take an oath or affirmation, to support the Constitu-
tion of this State, and of the United States, and also an oath
of office.

Sec. 5. There shall be a seal of State kept by the Governor
for official purposes, which shall be called the seal of the
Slate of Indiana.

Sec. 6. All commissions shall issue in the name of the
State, shall be signed by the Governor, sealed with the State
seal, and attested by the Secretary of State.

Sec. 7. No county shall be reduced to an area less than
four hundred square miles ; nor shall any county under that
area be further reduced.

Sec. 8. No lottery shall be authorized ; nor shall the sale
of lottery tickets be allowed.

Sec. 9. The following grounds, owned by the State in Indi-
anapolis, namely : the State House Square, the Governor's
4

50 CONSTITUTION OP THE

Circle, and so much of out-lot numbered one hundred and
forty-seven, as lies uorth of the arm of the Central Canal, shall
not be sold or leased*'

Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to
provide for the permanent enclosure and preservation of the
Tippecanoe Battle Ground.

ARTICLE XVI.

AMENDMENTS.

Section 1. Any amendment or amendments to this Consti-
tution may be proposed in either branch of the General As-
sembly, and if the same shall be agreed to by a majority of
the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed
amendment or amendments, shall with the yeas and nays
thereon, be entered on their journals, and referred to the Gen-
eral Assembly to be chosen at the next general election ; and
if in the General Assembly so next chosen, such proposed
amendment or amendments shall be agreed to by a majority
of all the members elected to each house, then it shall be the
duty of the General Assembly to submit such amendment or
amendments to the electors of the State ; and if a majority of
said electors shall ratify the same, such amendment or
amendments shall become a part of this Constitution.

Sec. 2. If two or more amendments shall be submitted at
the same time, they shall be submitted in such manner that
the electors shall vote for or against each of such amendments
separately; and while an amendment or amendments which
shall have been agreed upon by one General Assembly shall
be awaiting the action of a succeeding General Assembly, or
of the electors, no additional amendment or amendments
shall be proposed.

SCHEDULE.

This Constitution, if adopted, shall take effect on the first
day of November, in the year one thousand eight hundred
and fifty-one, and shall supersede the Constitution adopted in
the year one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. That no
inconvenience may arise from the change in the government,
it is hereby ordained as follows : —

First. All laws now in force, and not inconsistent with this

STATE OP INDIANA. 51

Constitution, shall remain in force, until they shall expire or
be repealed.

Second. All indictments, prosecutions, suits, pleas, plaints,
and other proceedings, pending in any of the Courts, shall be
prosecuted to final judgment and execution ; and all appeals,
writs of error, certiorari, and injunctions, shall be carried on
in the several Courts, in the same manner as is now provided
by law.

Third. All fines, penalties, and forfeitures, due or accruing
to the State, or to any county therein, shall inure to the State,
or to such county, in the manner prescribed by law. All
bonds executed to the State, or to any officer, in his official
capacity, shall remain in force and inure to the use of those
concerned.

Fourth. All acts of incorporation for municipal purposes
shall continue in force under this Constitution, until such
time as the General Assembly shall, in its discretion, modify
or repeal the same.

Fifth. The Governor, at the expiration of the present
official terra, shall continue to act until his successor shall
have been sworn into office.

Sixth. There shall be a session of the General Assembly,
commencing on the first Monday of December, in the year
one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

Seventh. Senators now in office and holding over, under the
existing Constitution, and such as may be elected at the next
general election, and the Representatives then elected, shall
continue in office until the first general election under this
Constitution.

Eighth. The first general election under this Constitution,
shall be held in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-
two.

Ninth. The first election for Governor, Lieutenant Gover-
nor, Judges of the Supreme Courts and Circuit Courts, Clerk
of the Supreme Court, Prosecuting Attorney, Secretary, Audi-
tor, and Treasurer of State, and S;ate Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction, under this Constitution, shall be held at the
general election in the year one thousand eight, hundred and
fifty-two; and such of said officers as may be in office, when
this Constitution shall go into effect, shall continue in their

52 CONSTITUTION OP THE

respective offices, until their successors shall have been,
elected and qualified.

_ Tenth. Every person elected by popular vote, and now in
any office which is continued by this Constitution, and every
i person who shall be so elected to any such office before the
taking effect of this Constitution, (except as in this Constitu-
tion otherwise provided,) shall continue in office until the
term for which such person has been, or may be, elected, shall
expire: Provided, That no such person shall continue in of-
fice after the taking effect of this Constitution, for a longer
period than the term of such office in this Constitution pre-
scribed.

Eleventh. On the taking effect of this Constitution, all of-
ficers thereby continued in office, shall, before proceeding in
the further discharge of their duties, take an oath, or affirma-
tion, to support this Constitution.

Twelfth. All vacancies that may occur in existing offices,
prior to the first general election under this Constitution, shall
be filled in the manner now prescribed by law.

Thirteenth. At the time of submitting this Constitution to
the electors for their approval or disapproval, the article
numbered thirteen, in relation to Negroes and Mulattoes,
shall be submitted as a distinct proposition, in the following
form : " Exclusion and Colonization of Negroes and Mulat-
toes," "Aye" or "No." And if a majority of the votes cast
shall be in favor of said article, then the same shall form a
part of this Constitution; otherwise, it shall be void. and form
no part thereof.

Fourteenth. No Article or Section of this Constitution
shall be submitted, as a distinct proposition, to a vote of the
electors, otherwise than as herein provided.

Fifteenth. Whenever a portion of the citizens of the
counties of Perry and Spencer shall deem it expedient to
form, of the contiguous territory of said counties, a new
county, it shall be the duty of those interested in the organi-
zation of such new county, to lay off the same by proper
metes and bounds, of equal portions as nearly as practicable,
not to exceed one-third of the territory of each of said coun-
ties. The proposal to create such new county shall be sub-
mitted to the voters of said counties, at a general election, in
euch manner as shall be prescribed by law. And if a majority

STATE OF INDIANA. 53

of all the votes given at said election shall be in favor of the
organization of said new county, it shall be the duty of the
General Assembly to organize the same out of the territory
thus designated.

Sixteenth. The General Assembly may alter or amend the
charter of Clarksville, and make such regulations as may be
necessary for carrying into effect the objects contemplated in
granting the same ; and the funds belonging to said town shall
be applied according to the intention of the grantor.

Done in Convention, at Indianapolis, the tenth day of Feb-
ruary, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
fifty-one ; and of the Independence of the United State, the
seventy-fifth.

GEOKGE WHITFIELD CARR,

President, and Delegate from the County of Laxorenct.
Attest : Wm. H. English,

Principal Secretary.
George L. Sites,

Herman G. Barkwell, \ Assistant Sectaries.
Robert M. Evans,

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.

-:0:-

Whereas, On the twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two,
a proclamation was issued by the President of the United
States, containing among other things the following, to- wit :

That, on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord,
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held
as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the
people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United
States, shall be then, henceforth and forever free, and the
Executive Government of the United States, including the
military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such persons, or any of them, in any
efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

That the Executive will, on the first day of January afore-
said, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of
States, if any, in which the people therein respectively shall
then be in rebellion against the United States, and the fact
that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in
good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by
members chosen thereto, at elections wherein a majority of
the qualified voters of such States shall have participated,
shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be
deemed conclusive that such State and the people thereof are
not then in rebellion against the United States.

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the
United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,
in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and
Government of the United States, and as a fit necessary war
measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of
January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do,
publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days

(54)

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 55

from the day of the first above-mentioned order, and desig-
nate, as the States and parts of States wherein the people
thereof respectively are this day in rebellion againfc the
United States, the following to-wit: Arkansas, Texas, Louisi-
ana, except the parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jeffer-
son, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption,
Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin and Orleans, in-
cluding the city of New Orleans. Mississippi, Alabama, Flor-
ida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia,
except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia,
and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northampton.
Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, iucluding
the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and which excepted
parts are, for the present, left precisely as if this proclamation
were not issued.

And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid,
I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within
said designated States and parts of States are, and hencefor-
ward, shall be free ; and that the Executive Government of the
UnitedStates,including the military andnaval authorities there-
of, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free
to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense ;
and I recommend to them that, in all cases, when allowed,
they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known that such persons of
suitable condition will be received into the armed service of
the United States, to garrison forts, positions, stations, and
other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,
warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I in-
voke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious
favor of Almighty God.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused
the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January,

<--*— in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
]seal >• and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the Unit-

— , — ed States of America the eighty-seventh.

By the President: Abraham Lincoln.

William H. Seward, Secretary of State.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

:o:-

PLATFORM OF THE BRECKINRIDGE PARTY OF 1860.

Resolved^ That the platform adopted by the Democratic
parly at Cincinnati be affirmed, with the following explana-
tory resolutions :

1. That the government of a territory organized by an act
of Congress is provisional and temporary, and during its exis-
tence all citizens of the United States have an equal right to
settle with their property in the territory, without their rights,
either in person or property, being destroyed by congressional
or territorial legislation.

2. That it is the duty of the Federal Government, in all its
departments, to protect the rights of persons and property in
the territories, and wherever else its constitutional authority
extends.

3. That when the settlers in a territory, having an adequate
population, form a State Constitution, the right of sovereignty
commences, and being consummated by their admission into
the Union, they stand on an equality with the people of other
States, and a State thus organized ought to be admitted into
the Federal Union, whether its constitution prohibits or rec-
ognizes the institution of slavery.

4. That the Democratic party are in favor of the acquisi-
tion of Cuba, on such terms as shall be honorable to ourselves
and just to Spain, at the earliest practicable moment.

5. That the enactments of State Legislatures to defeat the
faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave Law are hostile in
character, subversive of the Constitution, and revolutionary
in their effect.

6. That the Democracy of the United States recognize it as
an imperative duty of the government to protect the natural-

(56)

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 67

ized citizen in all his rights, whether in home or in foreign
lands, to the same extent as its native horn citizens.

Whereas, One of the greatest necessities of the age, in a
political, commercial, postal, and military point of view, is a
6peedy communication between the Pacific and Atlantic
coasts ; therefore, be it resolved,

1. That the National Democratic party do hereby pledge
themselves to use every. means in their power to secure the
passage of some bill, to the extent of the Constitutional au-
thority by Congress, for the construction of a railroad to the
Pacific Ocean at the earliest practicable moment.

PLATFORM OF THE DOUGLAS PARTY OF 1860.

Resolved, That we, the Democracy of the Union in Conven-
tion assembled, hereby declare our affirmation of the resolu-
tions unanimously adopted and declared as a platform of prin-
ciples by the Democratic Convention at Cincinnati, in the
year 1856, believing that Democratic principles are unchanga-
ble in their nature when applied to the same subject matter,
and we recommend as our only further resolutions the follow-
ing:

That inasmuch as differences of opinion exist in the Demo-
cratic party as to the nature and extent of the powers of a
Territorial Legislature, and as to the powers and duties of Con-
gress, under the Constitution of the United States, over the
institution of slavery in the territories ;

Resolved, That the Democratic party will abide by the de-
cision of the Supreme Court of the United States over the in-
stitution of slavery in the territories.

Resolved, That it is the duty of the United States to afford
ample and complete protection to all its citizens, at home or
abroad, and whether native or foreign born.

Resolved, That one of the necessities of the age, in a mili-
tary, commercial, and postal point of view, is a speedy com-
munication between the Atlantic and Pacific States, and the
Democratic party pledge such constitutional enactment as
will insure the construction of a railroad to the Pacific coast
at the earliest practical period.

0$ POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

Resolved, That the Democratic party are in favor of the ac-
quisition of the Island of Cuba, on such terms as shall be hon-
orable to ourselves and just to Spain.

Resolved, That the enactments of State Legislatures to de-
feat the faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave Law are hos-
tile in character, subversive to the Constitution, and revolu-
tionary in their effect.

Resolved, That it is in accordance wilh the Cincinnati Plat-
form, that during the existence of Territorial Governments,
the measure of restriction, whatever it may be, imposed by
the Federal Constitution on the power of the Territorial Leg-
islature over the subject of the domestic relations, as the same
has been or shall hereafter be decided by the Supreme Court
of the United States, should be respected by all good citizens,
and enforced with promptness and fidelity by every branch of
the General Government.

THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM OF 1860.

Resolved, That we, the delegated representatives of the Re-
publican electors of the United States, in Convention assem-
bled, in the discharge of the duty we owe to our constituents
and our country, unite in the following resolutions:

1. That the history of the nation during the last four years
has fully established the propriety and necessity of the organ-
ization and perpetuation of the Republican party, and that the
causes which called it into existence are permanent in their
nature, and now, more than ever, demand its peaceful and
constitutional triumph.

2. That the maintenance of the principles promulgated in
the Declaration of Independence, aiid embodied in the Federal
Constitution, that "all men are created equal; that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights,
among which are those of life, liberty and the pursuit of happi-
ness, and that Governments are instituted among men to
secure the enjoyment of these rights, deriving their just power
from the consent of the governed"' — are essential to the pres-
ervation of our republican institutions, and that the Federal
Constitution, the rights of the States, and the union of the
States, must and shall be preserved.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 59

3. That to the union of the States this nation owes its unpre-
cedented increase in population, its surprising developments
of material resources; its rapid augmentation of wealth; its
happiness at home and its honor abroad; and we hold in
abhorrence all schemes for disunion, come from whatever
source they may; and we congratulate the country that no
Republican member of Congress has uttered or countenanced
the threats of disunion as often made by the Democratic mem-
bers of Congress, without rebuke and with applause from their
political associates ; and we denounce those threats of disunion
in case of a popular overthrow of their ascendency, as denying
the vital principles of a free Government, and as an avowal of
contemplated treason which it is the imperative duty of an
indignant people sternly to rebuke and forever silence.

4. That the maintenance inviolate, of the rights of the
States, and especially of each State, to order and control its
own domestic institutions according to its own judgment ex-
clusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the
perfection and endurance of our political fabric depends ; and
we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil
of any State or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as one
of the gravest of crimes.

5. That the present Democratic Administration has far ex-
ceeded our worst apprehensions in the measureless subserviency
to the exactions of a sectional interest, as especially evinced
in its desperate exertions to force the infamous Lecompton
Constitution upon the protesting people of Kansas, construing
the relation between master and servant to involve an unqual-
ified property in persons; in its attempted enforcement every
where, on land and sea, through the intervention of Congress
and of the Federal Courts, of the extreme pretensions of a
purely local interest; and in its general and unvarying abuse
of the power entrusted to it by a confiding people.

6. That the people justly view with alarm the reckless ex-
travagance which pervades every department of the Federal
Government. That a return to right economy and accounta-
bility is indispensible to arrest the plunder of the public
treasury by favored partisans, while the recent startling devel-
opments of frauds and corruption at the Federal metropolis
show that r.n entire change of administration is imperatively
demanded.

60 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

7. That the new dogma that the Constitution of its own
force carries slavery into any or all the Territories of the
United States, is a dangerous political heresy, at variance with
the explicit provisions of that instrument itself, with cotempo-
raneous exposition, and with legislative and judicial prece-
dents, that it is revolutionary in its tendency and subversive
of the peace and harmony of the country.

8. That the nominal condition of all the territory of the
United States is that of freedom; that as our Republican fath-
ers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national terri-
tory, ordained that no person should be deprived of life, liberty
or property without due process of law, it becomes our duty
bv legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to
maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts
to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, or a Ter-
ritorial Legislature, or of any individual, to give legal existence
to slavery in any Territory of the United States.

9. That we brand the recent re-opening of the African Slave
Trade, under the cover of our national flag, aided by perver-
sions of judicial power, as a crime against humanity, and a
burning shame to our country and age; and we call upon
Oongress to take prompt and efficient measures for the total
and final suppression of that exercrable traffic.

10. That in the recent vetoes by their Federal Governors
of the acts of the Legislatures of Kansas and Nebraska, pro-
hibiting slavery in these Territories, we find a practical
illustration of the boasted Democratic principles of non-inter-
vention and Popular Sovereignty, embodied in the Kansas-
Nebraska bill, and a demonstration of the deception and fraud
involved therein.

11. That Kansas should, of right, be immediately admitted
as a State under the Constitution recently formed and adopted
by her people, and accepted by the House of Representatives.

12. That while providing revenue for the support of the
General Government, by duties upon imports, sound policy
requires such an adjustment of these imports as to encourage
the development of the industrial interests of the whole
country, and we commend that policy of National Exchange
which secures to the working men liberal wages, agriculture
aremunerative prices, to merchants and manufacturers an ade-

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 61

quate reward for their skill, labor and enterprise, and to the
nation commercial prosperity and independence.

13. That we protest against any sale or alienation to others
of the public lands held by actual settlers, and against any
view of the free homestead policy, which regards the settlers
as paupers or suppliants for public bounty, and we demand
the passage by Congress of the complete and satisfactory
homestead measure which has already passed the House.

14. That the National Republican party is opposed to any
change in our naturalization laws, or any State Legislation, by
which the rights of citizenship hitherto accorded to immigrants
from foreign lands shall be abridged or impaired, and in favor
of giving a full and efficient protection to the rights of all
classes of citizens, whether native or naturalized, both at
home and abroad.

15. That appropriations by Congress for river and harbor
improvements of a national character, is required for the ac-
commodation and security of an existing commerce, or au-
thorized by the Constitution and justified by the obligation
of the Government to protect the lives and property of its
citizens.

16. That a railroad to the Pacific ocean is imperatively de-
manded by the interests of the whole country; and that the
Federal Government ought to render immediate and efficient
aid in its construction, and that preliminary thereto, a daily
overland mail should be promptly established.

17. Finally, having thus set forth our distinctive principles
and views, we invite the co-operation of all citizens, however
differing in other questions, who substantially agree with us,
in their affirmance and support.

PLATFORM OF THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL PARTY OP

1860.

The Union, the Constitution and the Laws.

62 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

UNION PLATFORM, ADOPTED AT BALTIMORE, JUNE 8, 1864.

Resolved, That it is the highest duty of every American
citizen to maintain against all its enemies, the integrity of the
Union, and the paramount authority of the Constitution and
laws of the United States, and that, laying all political opin-
ions aside, we pledge ourselves, as Union men, animated by a
common sentiment, and aiming at a common object, to do
everything in our power to aid the Government in quelling,
by force of arms, the rebellion now raging against its author-
ity, and bringing to the punishment due to their crimes, the
rebels and traitors arrayed against it.

Resolved, That we approve the determination of the Gov-
ernment of the United States not to compromise with rebels
or to offer any terms of peace, except such as may be based
upon an unconditional surrender of their hostility, &c , and a
return to their just allegiance to the Constitution and laws of
the United States, and that we call upon the Government to
maintain this position, and to prosecute the war with the ut-
most possible vigor to the complete suppression of the rebel-
lion, in full reliance upon the self-sacrifices, the patriotism,
the heroic valor, and the und}Ting devotion of the American
people to their country and its free institutions.

Resolved, That slavery was the cause, and now constitutes
the strength of the rebellion, and that as it must be always
and everywhere hostile to the principles of Republican Gov-
ernments, justice and the national safety demand its utter and
complete extirpation from the soil of the Republic, and that
we uphold and maintain the acts and proclamations by which
the Government, in its own defence, has aimed a deatli blow
at this gigantic evil. We are in favor, furthermore, of such
an amendment to the Constitution, to be made by the people
in conformity with its provisions, as shall terminate and for-
ever prohibit the existence of slavery within the limits of the
jurisdiction of the United States.

Resolved, That the thanks of the American people are due
to the soldiers and sailors of the army and navy, who have
periled their lives in defence of their country, and in vindi-
cation of the honor of the flag; that the nation owes them
some permanent recognition of their patriotism and their
valor, and ample and permanent provision for those of their
survivors who have received disabling and honorable wounds

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 63

in the service of their country, and that the memories of those
who have fallen in its defense, shall be held in grateful and
everlasting remembrance.

Resolved, That we approve and applaud the political wis-
dom, the unselfish patriotism and unswerving fidelity to the
Constitution and the principles of American 12berty with
which Abraham Lincoln has discharged, under circumstances
of unparalelled difficuly, the great duties and responsibilities
of the Presidential office; that we approve and endorse, as
demanded by the emergency and essential to the preservation
of the nation, and as within the Constitution, the measures
and acts which he has adopted to defend the nation against its
open and secret foes; especially the Proclamation of Emanci-
pation, and the employment, as Union soldiers, of men hereto-
fore held in slavery, and that we have full confidence in his
determination to carry these and all other Constitutional
measures, essential to the salvation of tb,e country, into full
and complete effect.

Resolved, That we deem it essential to the general welfare,
that harmony should prevail in the national councils, and we
regard as worthy of public confidence and official trust those
only who cordially endorse the principles proclaimed in these
resolutions, and which should characterize the administration
of the Government.

Resolved, That the Government owes to all men employed
in its armies, without distinction of color, the full protection of
the laws of war, and any violation of these laws and of the
usages of civilized nations in the time of war, by the rebels
now in arms, should be made the subject of full and prompt
redress.

Resolved, That the foreign immigration, which in the past
has added so much to the wealth and development of resources
and increase of power to this nation, the asylum of the oppress-
ed of all nations, should be fostered and encouraged by a
liberal and just policy.

Resolved, That we are in favor of the speedy construction of
the railroad to the Pacific.

Resolved, That the national faith is pledged for the redemp-
tion of the public debt and must be kept inviolate; and that
for this purpose we recommend economy and rigid responsi-
bilities in the public expenditures, and a vigorous and just

64 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

system of taxation ; that it is the duty of every loyal State to
sustain the use of the national currency.

Resolved, That we approve the position taken by the Gov-
ernment, that the people of the United States can never regard
•with indifference the attempt of European power to overthrow
by force, or to supplant by fraud, the institutions of any Re-
publican governmept on the "Western Continent, and that they
will view with extreme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and
independence of this our country, the efforts of any such power
to obtain new footholds for monarchial governments sustained
by a foreign military force in near proximity to the United
States.

FREMONT PLATFORM, ADOPTED AT CLEVELAND, MAY 31, 1864.

1. That the Federal Union must be preserved.

2. That the Constitution and laws of the United States
must be observed and obeyed.

3. That the rebellion must be suppressed by the force of
arms, and without compromise.

4. That the rights of Free Speech, Free Press, and the
Habeas Corpus must be held inviolate, save in districts where
martial law has been proclaimed.

5. That the rebellion has destroyed slavery, and the Fed-
eral Constitution should be amended to prohibit its re-estab-
lishment.

6. That the right for asylum, except for crime, and subject
to law, is a recognized principle — a principle of American lib-
erty ; that any violation of it must not be overlooked, and
must not go unrebuked.

7. That the National policy known as the Monroe doctrine
has become a recognized principle, and that the establishment
of an anti-republican form of government on this continent by
a foreign power can not be tolerated.

8. That the gratitude and support of the nation is due to
the faithful soldiers, and the earnest leaders of the Union army
and navy, for their heroic achievements and valor in defense
of our imperiled country and of civil liberty.

9. That the one term policy for the Presidency adopted by

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 65

the people is strengthened by the existing crisis, and shall be
maintained by constitutional amendments.

10. That the Constitution shall be so amended that the
President and Vice President shall be elected by a direct vote
of the people.

11. That the reconstruction of the rebellious States belongs
to the people through their representatives in Congress, and
not to the Executive.

12. That the confiscation of the lands of the rebels and
their distribution among the soldiers and actual settlers is a
measure of jus! ice ; that integrity and economy are demanded
at all times in the measures of the government, and that new
the want of this is criminal.

NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM OF 1864.

Resolved, That in the future, as in the past, we will adhere
with unswerving fidelity to the Union under the Constitution
as the only solid foundation of our strength, security and hap.
piness as a people, and as a framework of government equally
conducive to the welfare and prosperity of all the States, both
Northern and Southern.

Resolved, That this Convention does explicitly declare, as
the sense of the American people, that after four years of fail-
ure to restore the Union by experiment of war, during which,
under the pretence of military necessity or war power higher
than the Constitution, the Constituiion itself has been disre-
garded in every part, and public liberty and private right alike
trodden down, and the material prosperity of the country es-
sentially impaired, justice, humanity, liberty and the public
welfare demand that immediate efforts be made for a cessation
of hostilities with a view to an ultimate convention of the
States, or other peaceable means, to the end that at the earli-
est practical moment peaco may bo restored on the basis of
the Federal Union of the States.

Resolved, That the direct interference of the military au-
thorities of the United States in the recent elections held in
Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and Delaware was a shameful

5

POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

violation of the Constitution, and a repetition of such acts in
the approaching election will be held as revolutionary, and re-
sisted with all the means and power under our control.

Resolved, That the aim and object of the Democratic party
is to preserve the Federal Union and the rights of the States
unimpaired, and they hereby declare that they consider that
the administrative usurpation of extraordinary and dangerous
powers not granted by the Constitution, the subversion of the
civil by military law in States not in insurrection, the arbi-
trary military arrest, imprisonment, trial and sentence of
American citizens in States where the civil law exists in full
force, the suppression of freedom of speech and of the press,
the denial of the right of asylum, the open and avowed right
of disregard of State rights, the employment of unusual test
oaths, and the interference with, and denial of the right of the
people to bear arms in their defense, is calculated to prevent
a restoration of the Union and a perpetuation of the Govern-
ment deriving its just powers from the consent of the gov-
erned.

Resolved, That the shameful disregard of the Administra-
tion to its duty in respect to our fellow-citizens who now are,
and long have been, prisoners of war in a suffering condition,
deserves the severest reprobation on the scoro alike of public
policy and common humanity.

Resolved, That the sympathy of the Democratic party is
heartily and earnestly extended to the soldiery of our army
and sailors of our navy who are and have been in the field and
on the sea, under the flag of their country, and in the event
of its attaining power, they will receive all the care, protec-
tion and regard that the brave soldiers and sailors of the Re-
public have so nobly earned.

THE CHICAGO PLATFORM, 1868.

The following is the platform as adopted:

The National Republican Party of the United States, as-
sembled in National Convention, in the city of Chicago, on
the 20th day of May, 1868, make the following declaration of
principles:

1. We congratulate the country on the assured success of

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 67

the reconstruction policy of Congress, as evinced by the
adoption, in the majority of the States lately in rebellion, of
constitutions securing equal civil and political rights to all;
and it is the duty of the Government to sustain those consti-
tutions and to prevent the people of such States from being
remitted to a state of anarchy.

2. The guarantee by Congress of equal suffrage to all loyal
men at the South was demanded by every consideration of
public safety, of gratitude, and of justice, and must be main-
tained, while the question of suffrage in all the loyal States
properly belongs to the people of those States.

3. We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national
crime, and the national honor requires the payment of the
public indebtedness in the utmost good faith to all creditors
at home and abroad, not only according to the letter but the
spirit of the laws under which it was contracted.

4. It is due to the labor of the nation that taxation should
be equalized and reduced as rapidly as the national faith will
permit.

5. The national debt, contracted as it has been for the
preservation of the Union for all time to come, should be ex-
tended over a fair period for redemption; and it is the duty of
Congress to reduce the rate of interest thereon whenever it
can be honestly done.

6. That the best policy to diminish our burden of debt is
to so improve our credit that capitalists will seek to loan us
money at lower rates of interest than we now pay, and must
continue to pay, so long as repudiation, partial or total, open
or covert, is threatened or suspected.

7. The Government of the United States should be admin-
istered with the strictest economy, and the corruptions which
have been so shamefully nursed and fostered by Andkew
Johnson call loudly for radical reform.

8. We professedly deplore the untimely and tragic death
of Abraham Lincoln, and regret the accession of Andrew
Johnson to the .Presidency, who has acted treacherously to
the people who elected him, and the cause he was pledged to
support — who has usurped high legislative and judicial func-
tions— who has refused to execute the laws — who has used his
high office to induce other officers to ignore and violate the
laws — who has employed his executive powers to render inse-

68 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

cure the property, the peace, liberty, and life of the citizen —
who has abused the pardoning power — who has denounced
the National Legislature as unconstitutional — persistently and
corruptly resisted, by every measure in hU power, every
proper attempt at the reconstruction of the States lately in
rebellion — who has perverted the public patronage into an
engine of wholesale corruption, and who has been- justly im-
peached for high crimes and misdemeanors, and properly pro-
nounced guilty thereof by the vote of thirty-five Senators.

9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European Pow-
ers, that because a man is once a subject he is always so,
must be resisted at every hazard by the United States as a
relic of the feudal times, not authorized by the law of nations,
and at war with our national honor and independence. Nat-
uralized citizens are entitled to be protected in all their
rights of citizenship as though they were native born ; and
no citizen of the United States, native or naturalized, must
be liable to arrest and imprisonment by any foreign power for
acts done or words spoken in this country; and if so arrested
and imprisoned it is the duty of the Government to interfere
in his behalf.

10. Of all who were faithful in the trials of the late war
there were none entitled to more especial honor than the
brave soldiers and seamen who endured the hardships of cam-
paign and cruise, and imperiled t leir lives in the service of
the country. The bounties and pensions provided by the laws
for these brave defenders of the nation are obligations never
to be forgotten. The widows and orphans of the gallant
dead are the wards of the people, a sacred legacy bequeathed
to the nation's protecting care.

11. Foreign emigration, which in the past has added so
much to the wealth, development, and resources and incres.se
of power to this nation, the asylum of the oppressed of all
nations, should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and
just policy.

12. This Convention declares itself in sympathy with all
the oppressed people which are struggling for their rights.

The following resolutions were also adopted unanimously,
and are aJded to the declaration of principles:

Resolved, That we highly commend the spirit of magnan-
imity and forgiveness with which the men who have served in

POLITICAL PLATF0RM8. 69

the rebellion, but now frankly and honestly co-operate with
us in restoring the peace of the country and reconstructing
the Southern State governments upon the basis of impartial
justice and equal rights, are received back into the com-
munion of the loyal people. And we favor the removal of
the disqualifications and restrictions placed upon the late
rebels in the same measure as the spirit of loyalty will direct,
and as may be consistent with the safety of the loyal people.
Resolved, That we recognize the great principles laid down
in the immortal Declaration of Independence as the true
foundation of Democratic government; and we hail with
gladness every effort toward making these principles a living
reality on every inch of American soil.

DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM OF 1868.

The Democratic party, in National Convention assembled,
reposing its trust in the intelligence, patriotism, and discrimi-
nating justice of the people, standing upon the Constitution as
the foundation and limitation of the powers of the Government
and the guarantee of the liberties of the citizen, and recog-
nizing the questions of slavery andsecession as having been set-
tled for all time to come by the war or the voluntary action of
the Southern States in Constitutional Conventions assembled,
and never to be revived or re agitated, do, with the return of
peace, demand:

1. The immediate restoration of all the States to their
rights in the Union under the Constitution of the civil Gov-
ernment and in the American people.

2. Amnesty for all past political offenses ; the regulation of
thpi elective franchise in the States by their citizens.

3. Payment of the public debt of the United States as rap-
idljT as practicable, all money drawn from the people by taxa-
tion, except so much as is requisite for the necessities of the
Government economically administered being honestly ap-
plied to such payment, and where the obligations of the Gov-
ernment do not expressly state upon their face or the law
under which they were issued does not provide that they shall
be paid in coin they ought, in right and justice, be paid in the
lawful money of the United States.

'<0 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

4. Equal taxation of every species of property according
to the value ; reducing Government bonds and other public
securities.

5. One currency for the Government and the people, the
laborer and the office-holder, pensioner and the soldier, the
producer and the bondholder.

6. Economy in the administration of the Government ; the
reduction of the standing army and navy ; the abolition of the
Freedmen's Bureau, and all political instrumentalities de-
signed to secure negro supremacy ; simplification of the system
and discontinuance of inquisitorial modes of assessing and
collecting internal revenue, that the burden of taxation may
be equalized and lessened, and the credit of the Government
and the currency made good ; the repeal of all enactments for
enrolling the State militia into a national force in time of
peace ; and a tariff for revenue upon foreign imports and such
equal taxation under the internal revenue laws as will afford
incidental protection to domestic manufactures as well, with-
out impairing the revenue, impose the least burden upon and
best promote and encourage the great industrial interests of
the country.

7. Reform of abuses in the Administration ; the expulsion
of corrupt men from office ; the abrogation of useless offices ;
the restoration of the rightful authority to and the independ-
ence of the Executive and Judicial Departments of the Gov-
ernment; the subordination of the military to the civil power,
to the end that the usurpation of Congress and the despotism
of the sword may cease.

8. Equal rights and protection for naturalized and native
born citizens at home and abroad ; the assertion of American
nationality, which will command the respect of foreign powers
furnish an example and encouragement to people struggling
for national integrity, constitutional liberty, and individual
rights ; and the maintenance of the rights of naturalized citi-
zens against the absolute doctrine of immutable allegiance
and the claims of foreign powers to punish them for alleged
crimes committed beyond their jurisdiction. In demanding
these measures and reforms, we airaign the radical party for
its disregard of right and the unparalleled oppression and
tyranny which have marked its career, after the most solemn
and unanimous pledge of both houses of Congress to prose-

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 71

cute the war exclusively for the maintenance of the Govern-
ment and the preservation of the Union under the Constitu-
tion. It has repeatedly violated that most sacred pledge
under which was rallied that noble volunteer army which car-
ried our flag to victory. Instead of restoring the Union it has,
so far as it is in its power, dissolved it, and subjected ten States
in time of peace to military despotism and negro supremacy.
It has nullified there the right of trial by jury ; it has abolished
the writ of habeas corpus, that most sacred writ of liberty; it
has overthrown the freedom of speech and of the press ; it has
substituted arbitrary seizures and arrests, military trials, se-
cret star chambers, and inquisitions for constitutional tribu-
nals; it has disregarded, in time of peace, the right of the
people to be free from search and seizure; it has entered the
post-office and telegraph office, and even the private rooms of
individuals and seized there their private papers and letters,
without any specification or notice of affidavit, as required by
the organic law. It has converted the American Capitol into
a bastile; it has established a system of spies and official espion-
age to which the constitutional monarchies of Europe
never dare to resort. It has abolished the right of appeal on
important constitutional questions to the supreme judicial
tribunals, and threatens to curtail or destroy its original juris-
diction, which is irrevocably vested by the Constitution ; while
the learned Chief Justice has been subjected to the most atro-
cious calumnies merely because he would not prostitute his
high office to the support of the false and partisan charges
against the President. Its corruption and extravagance have
exceeded anything known in history, and by its frauds and
monopolies it has nearly doubled the burden of the debt cre-
ated during the war. It has stripped the President of his
Constitutional power of appointment even of his own Cabinet.
Under its repeated assaults the pillars of the Government are
rocking to their base ; and should it succeed in November
next, and inaugurate its President, we will meet as a subjected
and conquered people amid the ruins of liberty and the scat-
tered fragments of the Constitution; and we do declare and
resolve that ever since the people of the United States threw
off all subjection to the British crown, the privilege and trust
of suffrage have belonged to the several States, and have been
granted, regulated, and controlled exclusively by the political

72 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

power of each State respectively, and any attempt by Con-
gress, on any pretext whatever, to deprive any State of this
right, or interfere with this exercise, is a flagrant usurpation
of power which can find no warrant in the Constitution, and
if sanctioned by the people will subvert our form of Govern-
ment, and can only e^id in a single, centralized and consolidated
Government, in which the separate existence of the States will
be entirely absorbed, and an unqualified despotism then be
established in place of a Federal Union of coequal States, and
that we regard the reconstruction acts so called of Congress
such usurpations and unconstitutional, revolutionary and void ;
that our soldiers and sailors who carried the flag of our country
to victory against a most gallant and determined foe must ever
be gratefully remembered, and all the guarantees given in
their favor must be faithfully carried into execution; that the
public lands should be distributed widely among the people
and should be disposed of either under the pre-emption of the
homestead lands and sold in reasonable quantities, and to none
but actual occupants, at the price established by the Govern-
ment. When the grants of the public lands may be allowed
necessary for the encouragement of important public improve-
ments, the proceeds of the sale of such lands, and not the
lands themselves, should be so applied ; that the President of
the United States, Andrew Johnson, exercising the power of
his high office in resisting the aggressions of Congress on the
constitutional rights of the States and the people, is entitled
to the gratitude of the whole American people, and on behalf
of the Democratic party, we tender him our thanks for his
patriotic efforts in that regard.

Upon this platform the Democratic party appeal to every
patriot, including all the conservative element, and all who
desire to support the Constitution and restore the Union, for-
getting all past differences of opinion, to unite with us in the
present great struggle for the liberties of the people ; and that
to all such, to whatever party they may have heretofore be-
longed, we extend the right hand of fellowship, and hail all
such co-operating with us as friends and brothers.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 73

REPUBLICAN PLATFORM, 1872.

The Republican party of the United States, assembled in
national convention in the city of Philadelphia on the 5th and
6th days of June, 1872, again declares its faith, appeals to its
history, and announces its position upon the questions before
the country:

1. During eleven years of supremacy it has accepted with
grand courage the solemn duties of the time. It suppressed
a gigantic rebellion, emancipated four millions of slaves, de-
creed the equal citizenship of all, and established universal
suffrage. Exhibiting unparalelled magnanimity, it criminally
punished no man for political offenses, and warmly welcomed
all who proved loyalty by obeying the laws and dealing justly
with their neighbors. It has steadily decreased with firm
hand the resultant disorders of a great war, and initiated a
wise and humane policy toward the Indians. The Pacific rail-
road and similar vast enterprises have been generously aided
and successfully conducted, the public lands freely given to
actual settlers, immigration protected aDd encouraged, and a
full acknowledgement of the naturalized citizen's rights se-
cured from European Powers. A uniform national currency
has been provided, repudiation frowned down, the national
credit sustained under the most extraordinary burdens, and new
bonds negotiated at lower rates. The revenues have been care-
fully collected and honestly applied. Despite annual large
reductions of the rates of taxation, the public debt has been re-
duced during General Grant's Presidency at the rate of a hun-
dred millions a year, great financial crises have been avoided,
and peace and plenty prevail throughout the land. Menacing
foreign difficulties have been peacefull}7" and honorably com-
posed, and the honor and power of the nation kept in high
respect throughout the world. This glorious record of the
past is the party's best pledge for the future. We believe
the people will not intrust the Government to any party or
combination of men composed chiefly of those who have re-
sisted every step of this benificent progress.

2. The recent amendments to the national Constitution
should be cordially sustained because they are right, not

74 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

* I ■!■■ I ■ ■— -— ■ ■ - — ■■ ...I ■ ■—.— ■ ■^^— —

merely tolerated because they are law, and should be carried
out according to their spirit by appropriate legislation, the
enforcement of which can safely be intrusted only to the
party that secured those amendments.

3. Complete liberty and exact equality in the enjoyment
of all civil, political and public rights should be established
and effectually maintained throughout the Union by efficient
and appropriate State and Federal legislation. Neither the
law nor its administration should admit any discrimination in
respect of citizens by reason of race, creed, color, or previous
condition of servitude.

4. The national Government should seek to maintain hon-
orable peace with all nation , protecting its citizens every-
where and sympathizing with all peoples who strive for greater
liberty.

5. Any system of the civil service under which the subor-
dinate positions of the government are considered rewards for
mere party zeal is fatally demoralizing, and we therefore favor
a reform of the system by laws which shall abolish the evils
of patronage and make honesty, efficiency, and fidelity the
-essential qualifications for public positions, without creating a
life tenure of office.

6. We are opposed to further grants of the public lands to
corporations and monopolies, and demand that the national
domain bo set apart for free homes for the people.

7. The annual revenue, after paying current expenditures,
pensions, and the interest on the public debt, should furnish
a moderate balance for the reduction of the principal, and
that revenue, except so much as may be derived from a tax
upon tobacco and liquors, should be raised by duties upon im-
portations, the details of which should be so adjusted as to
aid in securing remunerative wages to labor, and promote the
industries, prosperity, and growth of the whole country.

8. We hold in undying honor the soldiers and sailors whose
valor saved the Union. Their pensions are a sacred debt of
the nation, and the widows and orphans of those who died for
their oountry are entitled to the care of a generous and grate-
ful people. We favor such additional legislation as will ex-
tend the bounty of the Government to all our soldiers and

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 75

sailors who were honorably discharged, and who in the line
of duty became disabled, wkhout regard to the length of ser-
vice or the cause of such discharge.

9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European Pow-
ers concerning allegiance — "once a subject always a subject"
— having at last through the efforts of the Republican party
been abandoned, and the American idea of the individual's
right to transfer allegiance having been accepted by Euro-
pean nations, it is the duty of our Government to guard with
jealous care the rights of adopted citizens against the assump-
tion of unauthorized claims by their former Governments,
and we urge continued careful encouragement and protec-
tion of voluntary immigration.

10. The franking privilege ought to be abolished, and the
way prepared for a speedy reduction in the rates of postage.

11 Among the questions which press for attention is that
which concerns the relations of capital and labor, and the
Republican party recognizes the duty of so shaping legis-
lation as to secure full protection an.d the amplest field for
capital, and for labor, the creator of capital, the largest oppor-
tunities and a just share of the mutual profits of these two
great servants of civilization.

12. We hold that Congress and the President have only
fulfilled an imperative duty in their measures for the sup-
pression of violent and treasonable organizations in certain
lately rebellious regions, and for the protection of the ballot-
box; and therefore they are entitled to the thanks of the
nation.

13. We denounce repudiation of the public debt, in any
form or disguise as a national crime. We witness with pride
the reduction of the principal of the debt, and the rates of in-
terest upon the balance, and confidently expect that our ex-
cellent national currency will be perfected by a speedy re-
sumption of specie payment.

14. The Republican party is mindful of its obligations to
the loyal women of America for their noble devotion to the
cause of freedom. Their admission to wider fields of useful-
ness is viewed with satisfaction ; and the honest demand of

76 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

any class of citizens for additional rights should be treated
with respectful consideration.

15. We heartily approve the action of Congress in extend
ing amnesty to those lately in rebellion, and rejoice in the
growth of peace and fraternal feeling throughout the land.

16. The Republican party proposes to respect the rights
reserved by the people to themselves as carefully as the
powers delegated by them to the State and to the Federal
Government. It disapproves of the resort to unconstitutional
laws for the purpose of removing evils, by interference with
rights not surrendered by the people to either the State or na-
tional Government.

17. It is the duty of the General Government to adopt such
measures as may tend to encourage and restore American
commerce and ship-building.

18. We believe that the modest patriotism, the earnest pur-
pose, the sound judgment, the practical wisdom, the incor-
ruptible integrity, and the illustrious services of Ulysses S.
Grant have commended him to the heart of the American
people, and with him at our head we start to day upon a new
march to victory.

19. Henry Wilson, nominated for the Vice-Presidency,
known to the whole land from the early days of the great
struggle for liberty as an indefatigable laborer in all cam-
paigns, an incorruptible legislator and representative man of
American institutions, is worthy to associate with our great
leader and share the honors which we pledge our best efforts
to bestow upon them.

NATIONAL LIBERAL REPUBLICAN CONVENTION, 1872.

ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.

The Administration now in power has rendered itself guilty
of wanton disregard of the laws of the land, and of usurping
powers not granted by the Constitution ; it has acted as if the
laws had binding force only for those who are governed, and
not for those who govern. It ha3 thus struck a blow at the
fundamental principles of constitutional government and the
liberties of the citizen.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 77

The President of the United States has openly nsed the
powers and opportunities of his high office for the promotion
of personal ends. — _

He has kept notoriously corrupt and unworthy men in
places of power and responsibility, to the detriment of the
public interest.

He has used the public service of the Government as a
machinery of corruption and personal influence, and has inter-
fered with tyrannical arrogance in the political affairs of
States and municipalities.

He has rewarded with influential and lucrative offices men
who had acquired his favor by valuable presents, thus stimu
latin g the demoralization of our political life by his conspicu-
ous example.

He has shown himself deplorably unequal to the task im-
posed upon him by the necessities of the country, and culpa-
bly careless of the responsibilities of his high office.

The partizans of the Administration, assuming to be the
Republican party and controlling its organization, have at-
tempted to justify such wrongs and palliate such abuses to
the end of maintaining partisan ascendency.

They have stood in the way of necessary investigations and
indispensable reforms, pretending that no serious fault could
be found with the present administration of public affairs,
thus seeking to blind the eyes of the people.

They have kept alive the passions and resentment of the
late civil war, to use them for their own advantage, they
have resorted to arbitrary measures in direct conflict with the
organic law, instead of appealing to the better instincts and
latent patriotism of the Southern people by restoring to them
these rights, the enjoyment of which is indispensable to a
suc^esslul administration of their local affairs, and would tend
to revive a patriotic and hopeful national feeling.

They have degraded themselves and the name of their party,
once justly entitled to the confidence of the nation, by a base
sycophancy to the dispenser of executive power and patron-
age, unworthy of republican freemen; they have sought to
silence the voice of just criticism, and stifle the moral sen^e
of the people, and to subjugate public opinion by tyrannical
party discipline.
They are striving to maintain themselves in authority for

78 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

selfish ends by an unscrupulous use of the power which right-
fully belongs to the people, and should be employed only in
the service of the country.

Believing that an organization thus led and controlled can
no longer be of service to the best interests of the Republic,
we have resolved to make an independent appeal to the sober
judgment, conscience, and patriotism of the American people.

RESOLUTIONS.

We, the Liberal Republicans of the United States, in
National Convention assembled at Cincinnati, proclaim the
following principles as essential to just government:

1. We recognize the equality of all men before the law,
and hold that it is the dutv of government, in its dealings
with the people, to mete out equal and exact justice to all, of
whatever nativity, race, color, or persuasion, religious or
political.

2. We pledge ourselves to maintain the Union of these
States, emancipation and enfranchisement, and to oppose any
re-opening of the questions settled by the thirteenth, four-
teenth, and fifteenth amendments of the Constitution.

3. We demand the immediate and absolute removal of all
disabilities imposed on account of the rebellion, which waa
finally subdued seven years ago, believing that universal am-
nesty will result in complete pacification in all sections of
the country.

4. Local self-government, with impartial suffrage, will guard
the rights of all citizens more securely than any centralized
power. The public welfare requires the supremacy of the civil
over the military authority, and the freedom of person under
the protection of the habeas corpus. We demand for the indi-
vidual the largest liberty consistent with public order, for the
State self-government, and for the nation a return to the
methods of peace and the constitutional limitations of power.

5. The civil service of the Government lias become a mere
instrument of partisan tyranny and personal ambition, and an
object of selfish greed. It is a scandal and reproach upon free
institutions, and breeds a demoralization dangerous to the
perpetuily of republican government. We therefore regard
a thorough reform of the civil service as one of the most press-
ing necessities of the hour ; that honesty, capacity, and fidelity

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 79

constitute the only valid claims to public employment ; that
the offices of the Government cease to be a matter of arbitrary
favoritism and patronage, and that public station shall become
again a post of honor. To this end it is imperatively required
that no President shall be a candidate for re election.

6. We demand a system of Federal taxation which shall
not unnecessarily interfere with the industry of the people,
and which shall provide the means necessary to pay the ex-
penses of the Government, economically administered, the
pensions, the interest on the public debt, and a moderate
reduction annually of the principal thereof; and recognizing
that there are in our midst honest but irreconcilable differ-
ences of opinion with regard to the respective systems of
protection and free trade, we remit the discussion of the sub-
ject to the people in their congressional districts and the
decision of Congress thereon, wholly free from executive inter-
ference or dictation.

7. The public credit must be sacredly maintained, and we
denounce repudiation in every form and guise.

8. A speedy return to specie payments is demanded alike
by the highest considerations of commercial morality and
honest government.

9. We remember with gratitude the heroism and sacrifices
of the soldiers and sailors of the Republic, and no act of ours
shall ever detract from their justly earned fame or the full
rewards of their patriotism.

10. We are opposed to all further grants of lands to rail-
roads or other corporations. The public domain should be
held sacred to actual settlers.

11. We hold that is the duty of the Government in its inter-
course with foreign nations to cultivate the friendships of
peace by treating with all on fair and equal terms, regarding
it alike dishonorable either to demand what is not right or
submit to what is wrong.

12. For the promotion and success of these vital principles
and the support of the candidates nominated by this conven-
tion we invite and cordially welcome the co-operation of all
patriotic citizens, without regard to previous political affili-
ations.

80 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION, 1872.

We, the Democratic electors of the United States in Con-
vention assembled, do present the following principles,
already adopted at Cincinnati, as essential to just government.

1. We recognize the equality of all men before the law,
and hold that it is the duty of Government in its dealings
with the people to mete out equal and exact justice to all, of
whatever nativity, race, color, or persuasion, religious or
political.

2. We pledge ourselves to maintain the union of these
States, emancipation, and enfranchisement, and to oppose any
re-opening of the questions settled by the thirteenth, four-
teenth and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution.

3. We demand the immediate and absolute removal of all
disabilities imposed on account of the rebellion, which was
finally subdued seven years ago, believing that universal am-
nesty will result in complete pacification in all sections of
the country.

4. Local self-government, with impartial suffrage, will
guard the rights of all citizens more securely than any cen-
tralized power. The public welfare requires the supremacy of
the civil over the military authority, and freedom of person
under the protection of the habeas corpus. We demand for
the individual ihe largest liberty consistent with public
order; for the State self-government, and for the nation a re-
turn to the methods of peace and the constitutional limita-
tions of power.

5. The civil service of the Government has become a mere
instrument of partisan tyranny and personal ambition, and
an object of selfi>h greed. It is a scandal and reproach upon
free institutions and breeds a demoralization dangerous to
the perpetuity of republican government. We. therefore re-
gird a thorough reform of the civil service as one of the most
pressing necessities of the hour; that honesty, capacity, and
fidelity constitute the only valid claim to public employ-
ment; that the offices of the government cease to be a mat-
ter of arbitrary favoritism and patronage, and that public
station become again a post of honor. To this end it is im-
peratively required thai no President shall be a candidate lor
re-election.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS. 81

6. We demand a system of Federal taxation which shall
not unnecessarily interfere with the industry of the people,
and which shall provide the means necessary to pay the ex-
penses of the Government, economically administered, the
pensions, the interest on the public debt, and a moderate re-
duction annually of the principal thereof; and recognizing
that there are in our midst honest but irreconcilable differ-
ences of opinion with regard to the respective systems of
protection and free trade, we remit the discussion of the sub-
ject to the people in their Congressional districts, and to the
decision of the Congress thereon, wholly free from executive
interference or dictation.

7. The public credit must be sacredly maintained, and we
denounce repudiation in every form and guise.

8. A speedy return to specie payment is demanded alike
by the highest considerations of commercial morality and
honest government.

9. We remember with gratitude the heroism and sacrifices
of the soldiers and sailors of the Republic, and no act of ours
shall ever detract from their justly earned fame for the full
reward of their patriotism.

10. We are opposed to all further grains of lands to rail-
roads or other corporations. The public domain should be
held sacred to actual settlers.

11. Wo hold that it is the duty of the Government in its
intercourse with foreign nations to cultivate the friendships
of peace, by treating with all on fair and equal terms, regard-
ing it alike dishonorable either to demand what is not right
or to submit to what is wrong.

12. For the promotion and success of these vital princi-
ples, and the support of the candidates nominated by this
convention, we invite and cordially welcome the co-operation
of all patriotic citizens, without regard to previous political
affiliations.

NATIONAL LABOR REFORM CONVENTION, 1872.

We hold that all political power is inherent in the people,
and free government founded on their authority and estab-
lished lor iheii benefit j that all citizens are equal in political

6

82 POLITICAL PLATFOKMS.

rights, entitled to the largest religious and political liberty
compatible with the good order of society, as also the use and
enjoyment of the fruits of their labor and talents ; and no man
or set of men is entitled to exclusive separable endowments
and privileges, or immunities from the Government, but in
consideration of public services; and any laws destructive of
these fundamental principles are without moral binding force,
and should be repealed. And believing that all the evils re-
sulting from unjust legislation now affecting the industrial
classes can be removed by the adoption of the principle con-
tained in the following declaration : Therefore,

Resolved, That it is the duty of the Government to estab-
lish a just standard of distribution of capital and labor by
providing a purely national circulating medium, based on the
faith and resources of the nation, issued directly to the people
without the intervention of any system of banking corpora-
tions, which money 6hall be legal tender in the payment of all
debts, public and private, and interchangeable at the option
of the holder for Government bonds bearing a rate of interest
not to exceed 3-65 per cent., subject to future legislation by
Congress.

2. That the national debt should be paid in good faith, ac-
cording to the original contract, at the earliest option of the
Government, without mortgaging the property of the people
or the future exigencies of labor to enrich a few capitalists at
home and abroad.

3. That justice demands that the burden of Government
should be so adjusted as to bear equally on all classes, and
that the exemption from taxation of Government bonds bear-
ing extravagant rates of interest is a violation of all just prin-
ciples of revenue laws.

4. That the public lands of the United States belong to the
people and should not be sold to individuals nor granted to
corporations, but should be held as a sacred trust for the ben-
efit of the people, and should be granted to landless settlers
only, in amounts not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres
of land.

5. That Congress should modify the tariff so as to admit
free such articles of common use as we can neither produce
nor grow, and lay duties for revenue mainly upon articles of
luxury and upon such articles of manufacture as will, we hav-

POLITICAL PLATFOKMS. 83

ing the raw materials, assist in further developing the re-
sources of the country.

6. That the presence in our country of Chinese laborers,
imported by capitalists in l~rge numbers for servile use, is an
evil, entailing want and its attendant train of misery aud crime
on all classes of the American people, and should be prohib-
ited by legislation.

7. That we ask for the enactment of a law by which all
mechanic? and day-laborers employed by or on behalf of the
Government, whether directly or indirectly, through persons,
firms, or corporations, contracting with the State, shall conform
to the reduced standard of eight hours a day, recently adopted
by Congress for national employes, and also for an amendment
to the act3 of incorporation for cities and towns by which all
laborers and mechanics employed at their expense shall con-
form to the same number of hours.

8. That the enlightened spirit of the age demands the abo-
lition of the system of contract labor in our prisons and other
reformatory institutions.

9. That the protection of life, liberty, and property are the
three cardinal principles of Government, and the first two are
more sacred than the latter; therefore money needed for
prosecuting wars should, as it is required, bo assessed and col-
lected from the wealthy of the country, and not entailed as a
burden on posterity.

10. That it is the duty of the Government to exercise its
power over railroads and telegraph corporations, that they
shall not in any case be privileged to exact such rates of
freight, transportation, or charges, by whatever name, as may
bear unduly or unequally upon the producer or consumer.

11. That i here should be such a reform in the civil service
of the national Government as will remove it beyond all part-
isan influence, and place it in the charge and under the direc-
tion of intelligent and competent business men.

12. That as both history and experience teaches us that
power ever seeks to perpetuate itself by every and all means,
and that its prolonged possession in the hands of one person
is always dangerous to the interests of a free people, and
believing that the spirit of our organic laws and the stability
and safety of our free institutions are best obeyed on the one

84 POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

hand, and secured on the other, by a regular constitutional
change in the chief of the country at each election : therefore,
we are in favor of limiting the occupancy of the presidential
chair to one term.

13. That we are in favor of granting general amnesty and
restoring the Union at once on the basis of equality of rights
and privileges to all, the impartial administration of jusiice
being the only true bond of union to bind the States together
and restore the Government of the people.

14. That we demand the subjection of the military to the
civil authorities, and the confinement of its operations to
national purposes alone.

15. That we deem it expedient for Congress to supervise
the patent laws, so as to give labor more fully the benefit of
its own ideas and inventions.

16. That fitness, and not political or personal considera-
tions, should be the only recommendation to public cmce,
either appointive or elective, and any and all laws looking to
the establishment of this principle are heartily approved.

' ■

THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW.

AN ACT to regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors; to provide against
evils resulting from any sale thereof; to furnish remedies for damages
suffered by any person in consequence of 6uch 6ale; prescribing penal
ties; to repeal all laws contravening tke provisions of this act, and
declaring an emergency.

[Approved February 27, 1873.]

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of Indiana, That it shall be unlawful for any person or
persons, by himself or agent, to sell, barter, or give away for
any purpose of gain, to any person whomsoever, any intoxi-
cating liquors to be drunk in, upon, or about the building or
premises where the liquor is sold, bartered, or given away, or
in any room, building, or premises adjoining to or connected
with the place where the liquor is sold, bartered, or given
away for the purpose of gain, until such person or persons
shall have obtained a permit therefor from the board of com-
missioners of the county where he resides, as hereinafter
provided.

Sec. 2. Any person desiring a permit to sell intoxicating
liquors to be drunk on the premises, shall file in the office of
the auditor of the proper county, not less than twenty days
before the first day of the term of any regular session of the
board of commissioners of such county, a petition in writing,
stating therein the building or number, street, ward or town-
ship wherein the permission is asked to be granted, praying
for such permit, and certifying that the applicant is a resident
voter of such county, and a citizeu of the State of Indiana, and
that he is a proper person to have and reoeive such permit ;
which petition shall be signed by the applicant, and also by a
majority of the legal voters resident in the ward, if it be in a

(85)

86 THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW.

city or town, if it be in an incorporated town, or township
wherein the applicant proposes to sell intoxicating liquors;
such petition shall be kept on file by the auditor until the
next ensuing regular session of the board of commissioners,
when it shall be presented to the board for their action. The
board shall examine such petition, and if satisfied the same is
in proper form, and that it has been signed as hereinbefore
required, shall direct a permit to be issued under the hand
and seal of said auditor, and delivered to the person named in
such permit, upon his complying with the provisions of this
act and paying the costs of filing and recording said petition
aud costs of issuing said permit.

Sec. 3. Before the granting of a permit by tne board of
commissioners, the applicant shall cause to be executed and
properly acknowledged before an officer authorized to take
acknowledgment of deeds, a bond payable to the State of
Indiana, in the sum of three thousand dollars, with good free-
hold security thereon of not less thau two persons, to be ap-
proved by the board of commissioners, and conditioned for the
payment of any and all fines, penalties and forfeitures incurred
by reason of the violation of any of the provisions cf this act;
and conditioned further, that the principal and sureties therein
named shall be jointly and severally liable, and shall pay to
any person or persons, any and all damages which shall in any
manner be suftered by or inflicted upon any such person or
persons, either in person or property, or means of support, by
reason of any sale or sales of intoxicating liquors to any person,
by the person receiving such permit or by any of his agents
or employees. Separate suits may be brought on 6aid bond
by the person or persons injured, but the aggregate amount
recovered thereon shall not exceed the said sum of three
thousand dollars, and in case the amount of said bond shall be
exhausted by recoveries thereon, a new bond in the same pen-
alty and with like sureties shall be filed within ten days, and
in default thereof said permit shall be deemed to bo revoked.
Such bond, after its approval by the board of commissioners,
shall be filed in the office of the auditor of the county, and
shall be recorded by such auditor forthwith in a book prepared
for that purpose, and shall there remain for the use of the

THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW. 87

State of Indiana, and for the use of any person or persons
sufering any damage as hereinbefore set forth. Such bond
may be sued and recovered upon in any court having civil
jurisdiction in the county (except justices' courts) by or for
the use of any person or persons, or their legal representatives,
wio may be injured or damaged by reason of any sale or sales
of intoxicating liquors by the person receiving the peimit or
ty any of his agents or employees. The record of the bond
a* a copy thereof, duly certified by such auditor, shall be
idmissible in evidence in any suit on such bond, and shall
lave the same force and effect as the original bond would
lave if offered in evidence.

Sec. 4. The whole number of votes cast for candidates for
Congress at the last preceding Congressional election in the
township, and the whole number of votes cast for councilman
or trustee in any ward or town, at the last preceding munici-
pal election in any city or town in which the applicant for
permit desires to sell said intoxicating liquors, shall be
deemed to be the whole number of legal voters of such ward,
town or township, a majority of whose names shall be signed
to the petition of such applicant ; and it is further provided,
that any person not a legal voter in said ward, town or town-
ship, who shall sign said petition, or any person who signs the
name of any person other than himself, without the permis-
sion previously obtained of said person to so sign his name,
shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than one hundred
dollars for each signature so made.

Sec. 5. No permit, as herein provided for, shall be granted
for a longer or shorter time than one year. It shall be the
duty of the Auditor of the county to furnish the person to
whom such permit is granted, a copy of the order of the Com-
missioners granting the permit, which copy shall show in con-
spicuous letters the date of the commencement of such
permit, and of its expiration; and it is further provided,
That such copy of the order of the Commissioners, certified
by the Auditor, shall be hungup in a conspicuous place in the
room where said liquor is sold, where the same may at all
time3 be seen and read by any person desiring so to do.
Should any person holding a permit be convicted of a viola-
tion of any of the provisions of this act, 6uch conviction shall

88 THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW.

work a forfeiture of his permit, and of all rights thereunder;
and no permit shall thereafter be granted to such person be-
fore the expiration of five years from the date of such con-
viction.

Sec. 6. It shall be unlawful for any person, by himself or
agent, to sell, barter, or give intoxicating liquors to any
minor, or to any person intoxicated, or to any person who is
in the habit of getting intoxicated.

Sec. 7. All places where intoxicating liquor is sold in viola-
tion of this act, shall be taken, held, and declared to be com'
mon nuisances; all rooms, taverns, eating-houses, bazaars
restaurants, drug stores, groceries, coffee-houses, cellars, oi
other places of public resort, where intoxicating liquors are
sold in violation of this act, shall be shut up and abated as
public nuisances, upon conviction of the keeper thereof, who
shall be punished as hereinafter provided.

Sec. 8. Any person or persons who shall by the sale of in-
toxicating liquor, with or without permit, cause the intoxica-
tion, in whole or in part, of any other person, shall be liable
for and be compelled to pay a reasonable compensation to any
person who may take charge of and provide for such intoxi-
cated person, for every day he or she is so cared for, which
6um may be recovered in an action of debt before any court
having competent jurisdiction.

Sec. 9. It shall be unlawful for any person to get intoxica-
ted. A person found in a state of intoxication shall upon con-
viction thereof, be fined in the sum of five dollars. Any
person convicted of intoxication shall be required upon the
trial to designate the person or persons from whom the liquor
in whole or in part was obtained. In default of so designa-
ting such person, he or she shall in addition to the fine above
mentioned, and as a part of his or her punishment for the
offense, be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one
day nor more than ten days, at the discretion of the court.

Sec. 10. A permit granted under this act shall not author-
ize the person so receiving it to sell intoxicating liquors on
Sunday, nor upon the day of any State, county, township, or
municipal election, in the township, town or city where the
same may be held; nor upon Christmas day, nor upon the
Fourth of July, nor upon any Thanksgiving day, nor upon any
public holiday, nor between nine o clock p. m. and six o'clock

THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW. 89

A. m.; and any and all sales made on any such day, or after
nine o'clock on any evening, are hereby declared to be un-
lawful, and upon conviction thereof, the person so selling
shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more than twenty-
five dollars for each sale made in violation of this section.

Sec. 11. The bartering or giving away of intoxicating li-
quors, or other shift or device to evade the provisions of this
act, by any person or persons keeping liquors for sale, or by
his agent or employee, at the place where the same are kept
for sale, shall be deemed and held to be an unlawful selling
or giving away for the purpose of gain within the provisions
of this act.

Sec. 12. In addition to the remedy and right of action pro-
vided for in section eight of this act, every husband, wife,
child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person who shall
be injured in person or property, or means of support, by any
intoxicated person, or in consequence of the intoxication,
habitual or otherwise, of any person, shall have a right of ac-
tion in his or her name, severally or jointly, against any per-
son or persons who shall, by selling, bartering, or giving away
intoxicating liquors have caused the intoxication, in whole or
in part, of such person, and any person or persons owning,
renting, leasing or permitting the occupation of any building
or premises, and having knowledge that intoxicating liquor is
to be sold therein, or having leased the same for other pur-
poses, shall knowingly permit therein the sale of intoxicating
liquor, or who having been informed that intoxicating liquor
is sold therein that has caused, in whole or in part, the intoxi-
cation of any person, who shall not immediately, after being
so informed, take legal steps in good faith to dispossess said
tenant or lessee, shall be liable jointly with the person selling,
bartering or giving away intoxicating liquor as aforesaid, to
any person or persons injured, for all damages, and for exem-
plary damages ; Provided, however, that execution on any
such judgment shall first be levied on the property of the per-
son selling, bartering or giving away such liquor, and in the
event of a failure or insufficiency of such property to satisfy
the judgment, then of the property of the other defendants,
A married woman shall have the same right to bring suit and
to control the same, and the ammount recovered as a femme
sole, and all damages recovered by a minor under this act

90 THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW.

shall be paid either to 6uch minor or to his or her parent,
guardian or next friend, as the court shall direct. The unlaw-
ful sale or giving away of intoxicating liquor shall work a for-
feiture of all rights of the lessee or tenant under any lease or
contract of rent, upon tho premises where such unlawful sale,
bartering or giving away shall take place. All suits for dam-
ages under this act may be by any appropriate action in any
of the courts in this State having competent jurisdiction.
All judgments recovered under the provisions of thisactmay
be enforced without any relief or benefit from the valuation
or appraisement laws.

Sec. IS. In all cases where husband, wife, parent, child or
guardian shall have a right of action as provided in section
twelve of this act, and shall fail or refuse to prosecute the
same, and in all cases where such intoxicated person has
neither husband, wife, parent, child or guardian, the township
trustee or other officer having charge of the poor of the town-
ship where such intoxicated person resides, shall have a right
of action as provided in said section twelve, and it is hereby
made the duty of such officer to prosecute all such actions in
the name of such township. All money collected upon such
judgments, after deducting therefrom all costs and charges
against such township occasioned thereby, shall be paid by
the township trustee, or other officer, into the treasury of the
county for the benefit of the poor of such county ; provided
that tho name of any husband, wife, parent, child or guardian,
upon proper petition therefore before final judgment, may be
substituted for the name of the township, but such person so
substituted shall have no power to dismiss such action, or
compromise the same in any manner, except by permission of
the court.

Sec. 14. For every violation of the provisions of the first
and sixth sections of this act, the person so offending shall
forfeit and pay a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than
fifty dollars, or be imprisoned in the jail of the county not
less than ten nor more than thirty days. For every violation
of the provisions of the seventh section of this act, any per-
son convicted as the keeper of any of the places therein de-
clared to be nuisances, shall forfeit and pay a fine of not less
than twenty nor more than fifty dollars, and such place or
places, so kept by such person so convicted, shall be shut up

THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW. 91

and abated as a common nuisance by the order of the court
before which such conviction may be had as a further punish-
ment, and such order shall be a part of the judgment of con-
viction.

Sec. 15. For the payment of all fines, costs and damages
assessed or adjudged against any person or persons in conse-
quence of the sale of intoxicating liquors as provided for in
this act, the real estate and personal property of such person
or persons, of every kind, shall be liable, and such fines, costs
and damages shall be a lien upon such real estate until paid.

Sec. 16. The penalties and provisions made in the four-
teenth section of this act may be enforced by indictment in
any court of record having criminal jurisdiction; and ail pecu-
niary fines or penalties provided for in any of the sections of
this act, except the eighth and twelfth, may be enforced and
prosecuted for before any justice of the peace of the proper
county, in an action of debt, in the name of the State of In-
diana as plaintiff; and in case of conviction, the offender
shall stand committed to the jail of the county until judg-
ment and costs are fully paid, and the magistrate or court in
which the conviction is had, shall issue a writ of capias ad
satisfaciendum therefor. Justices of the peace shall have
jurisdiction of all actions arising under the eighth and
twelfth sections of this act, when the amount in controversy
does not exceed two hundred dollars, such actions to be pros-
ecuted in the name of the party injured or entitled to the
debt or damages provided for in said eighth and twelfth sec-
tions.

Sec. 17. It shall be unlawful for any person to buy for or
furnish to any person who is at the time intoxicated, or in
the habit of getting intoxicated, or to buy for or furnish to
any minor, to be drunk by such minor, any intoxicating liquor.
Any person or persons violating this section shall be fined not
less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars.

Sec. 18. In all prosecutions under this act, by indictment
or otherwise, it shall not be necessary to state the kind of
liquor sold, or to describe the place where sold, and it shall
not be necessary to state the name of the person to whom
sold. In all cases, the person or persons to whom intoxica-
ting liquors shall be sold in violation of this act, shall be com-

02 THE BAXTER LIQUOR LAW.

petent witnesses to prove such facts or any others tending
thereto.

Sec. 19. The following form of complaint shall be sufficient
in criminal proceedings before justices of the peace or mayors,
under this act when applicable, but may be varied to suit the
nature of the case, namely :

SrATE op Indiana, County, ss. Before me, A.

B., a justice of the peace of said county, (or mayor of, &c, as
the case may be), personally came C. D., who, being duly
sworn according to law, deposeth and saith that on or about
the day of , in the year , at the

county aforesaid, E. F. did sell intoxicating liquors to one G.
H. to be drunk in the place where sold, (or to G. H., a minor,
&c.,) or to a person intoxicated, or in the habit of getting in-
toxicated, as the case may be, where intoxicating liquors are
sold in violation of law, and further saith not.

^ (Signed) C. D.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of

A.D.,

Sec. 20. All laws and parts of laws conflicting with this
act, or with any of the provisions of this act, be and the same
are hereby repealed; but nothing in this act shall be so con-
strued as to prohibit the common councils of cities and the
boards of trustees of incorporated towns, from demanding and
enforcing a fee for permit, from all keepers of coffee houses,
saloons, or other places where intoxicating liquor is sold and
drunk within the limits of their respective corporations.

Sec. 21. It is hereby declared that an emergeny exists for
the immediate taking effect of this act, it shall, therefore, be
in force from and after its passage, except in so far as relates
to those who hold a license under the existing laws of the
State. This act shall apply to such as now have license imme-
diately after the expiration thereof.

V

GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

:o:-

" It is not easy to give an accurate and comprehensive defi-
nition of the science of geology. It is, indeed, not so much
one science, as the application of all the physical sciences to
the examination of the structure of the earth, the investiga-
tion of the processes concerned in the production of that
structure, and the history of their action. That this large
view of geology is not only a true but a necessary one, is
shown by the fact, that it was not until considerable advances
had been made in all the physical sciences which relate di-
rectly to the earth, that geology could begin to exist in any
worthy form. It was not until the chemist was able to explain
the nature of the mineral substances of which rocks are com-
posed ; not till the geographer and meteorologist had explored
the surface of the earth, and taught us the extent of land and
water, and the powers of winds, currents, rains, glaciers, earth-
quakes and volcanoes ; not until the naturalist had classified,
named, acd described the greater part of existing animals and
plants, and explained their anatomical structure, and the laws
of their distribution in space;— that the geologist could, with
any chance of arriving at sure and definite results, commence
his researches into the structure and composition of rocks and
the causes which produced them, or utilize his discoveries of
the remains of animals and plants that are inclosed in them.
He could not until then discriminate with certainty batween
igneous and aqueous rocks, between living and extinct ani-
mals, and was, therefore, unable to lay down anyone of the foun-
dations on which his own science was to rest." — Encyclopedia
Britannica, &th edition, vol. xv.

If there is any one fact which the study of geology teaches
more unmistakably than another, it is, that the matter com-
posing the cru8tof the earth, from the time when it was first
called into existence by the Hat of the Creator to the present,
baa been subjected to an endless cycle of mutations. There

(93)

94 GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

may have been periods of comparative rest and quiescen e,
but" none of perfect stagnation and stability ; so that the pres-
ent condition and configuration of the earth's surface may be
considered as the last result of a series of cosmical changes,
which commenced with the dawn of creation, and are con-
tinuing on into the future.

"Had the exterior crust of the earth been subjected to no
modifying causes, the world would have presented the same
appearance now as at the time of its creation. The distribu-
tion of land and sea would have remained the same ; there
would have been the same surface arrangement of hill, valley
and plain, and the same unvarying aspects of animal and veg-
etable existence. Under such circumstances, geology, instead
of striving to present a consecutive history of change and
progress, would have been limited to a mere description of
permanently enduring appearances. The case, however, is
widely different." There is no part of the present land-surface
of the globe which has not at some time been covered by the
ocean, while much of the present sea bottom has been in turn
dry land. Many of the loftiest and most extensive ranges of
mountains upon the globe— the Alps, the Andes, and the
Himalayas— are of comparatively recent elevation (recent as
compared with the White Mountains of New England, or the
Appalachian chain of the Atlantic States); while the com-
mencement of the existence of every animal and vegetable
Bpecies at present found upon the earth was long subsequent
to the existence of the myriad organisms, whose remains are
now found fossil beneath its surface.

The agencies which have produced, and are still tending to
produce, changes in the constitution and structure of our
planet, may be classified as follows : 1. Igneous agencies, or
such as manifest themselves in connection with some deep-
seated source of heat in the interior of the globe. 2. Aque-
ous, or those arising from the action of the water. 3. Atmos-
pheric, or those operating through the medium of the atmos-
phere. 4. Organic, or those depending on animal and
vegetable growth. 5. Chemical, or those resulting from the
chemical action of substances on each other. — Wells' Illus-
trated Geology.

GEOLOGICAL ITEMS. 95

THE TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH.

The following are some of the observations made most re-
cently on this subject: In England, observations have been
made in the vertical shafts of two very deep coal mines, viz.,
at Monkwearmouth, which is 1800 feet deep, and Dunkinfield
which is upwards of 2000 feet deep, and in both cases the ob-
servations were made while the workmen were sinking the
shafts, and with every precaution against the influence of any
extraneous causes. The former g ive an increase of 1 deg. of
Fahrenheit for every sixty feet of depth, and the latter 1 deg.
for about every seventy feet. The artesian well of Grenelle
(Paris), is 1800 feet deep ; observations made by Arago, during
the boring, showed that the average increase of temperature
in this was 1 deg. for sixty feet. At Mordorff, Luxemburg, the
depth of the artesian well is 2400 feet, and the increase in
temperature 1 deg. for every fifiy-seven feet. At the artesian
well of New Seltzwork, in Westphalia, the depth is 2300 feet,
and the increase 1 deg. for every fifty-five feet. At Louisville,
Ky.,the depth of an artesian well, finished in 185D, is 2086 feet
deep, and the average increase is I deg. for every sixty-seven
feet below the first ninety feet from the surface. In the silver
mine of Guanaxato, Mexico, 1713 leet deep, the increase is 1
deg. for every forty-five feet. In the coal mines of Eastern
Virginia, the increase is about 1 deg. for every sixty feet.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

One or two remarkable instances of volcanic eruptions may
be briefly noticed. First, for duraiion and force we may refer
to that which took place in the island of Sumbawa (one of the
Sunda Islands lying east of Java), in the year 1S15. It com-
menced on the 5th of April, and did not entirely cease until
July. Its influence (i. e. shocks, and the noise of the explo-
sions) was perceptible over an area 1,S00 miles in diameter,
while within the range of its more immediate vicinity, embrac-
ing a space of 400 miles, its effects were most terrific. In Java,
300 miles distant, it seemed to be awfully present. The sky
was overcast at noon day with clouds of ashes, which the light
of the sun was unable to penetrate, and fields, streets, and
houses were covered with ashes to the depth of several inches.
At Sumbawa itself, immense columns of flame appeared to
burst forth from the top of the volcano, Tombora, and in a

96 GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

short time the whole mountain appeared like a mass of liquid
fire, which gradually extended iu every direction. As the
eruption continued, a darkness supervened, so profound as to
obscure even the light of the flames; showers of stones and
ashes fell continuously over the whole island; the sea rose
twelve feet higher than it had ever been known to do before;
and finally a whirlwind ensued, which tore up the largest trees,
and carried them into the air, together with men, horses, cat-
tle, and whatever else came within its influence. Of 12.000
inhabitants in the vicinity only six are believed to have es-
caped, and of some entire villages not even a vestige remained.

In 1772, the Papandayang, one of the loftiest volcanic moun-
tains in Java, after a short but severe eruption, suddenly fell
in and disappeared in the earth, carrying with it about ninety
square miles of territory. Forty villages were engulfed, or
covered with ejected matter, at the same time, and nearly
3,000 persons perished. — Welti Illustrated Geology-

DESCRIPTIONS OF AN EARTHQUAKE.

"A powerful eathquake," says Mr. Darwin, "at once destroys
the oldest associations ; tho world, the very emblem of all that
is solid, has moved beneath our feet like a crust over a fluid;
one second of time has conveyed to the mind a strange idea of
insecurity, which hours of reflection would never have created."

"To man," says Rumbolt, "the earthquake conveys an idea
of some universal and unlimited danger. We may flee from
the crater of a volcano in active eruption, or from a locality
threatened by the approach of a lava stream; but in an earth-
quake, direct our flight whithersoever we will, we still feel as
though we trod upon the very focus of destruction. Every
sound — the faintest motion in the air — arrests our attention,
and we no longer trust the ground on which we stand. Ani-
mals, especially dogs and swine, participate in the same anxioaa
disquietude ; and even crocodiles, in the rivers of South Amer-
ica, which at other times are dumb, have been observed to
quit the water and run, with loud cries, into the adjacent
forestB."

AQUEOUS AND ATMOSPHERIC AGENCIES.

The aqueous aud atmospheric agencies most prominently
concerned in producing geological changes, are rains, and tht

GEOLOGICAL ITEMS. 97

gasses and moisture of the atmosphere, winds* ice, and snow,
springs, rivers, waves, tides, and oceanic currents.

The operation of water, acting mechanically, is, under all
circumstances, to wear down the higher portions of the earth's
crust, and transport the materials to lower localities — an ac-
tion which obviously tends to reduce the whole surface to a
smooth and uniform level. On the other hand, the operations
of igneous agents — volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. — by breaking
up and elevating the crust of the earth, tend to counteract the
equalizing action of water and to produce that diversity of-
surface which is indispensable to variety in both the vegetable
and animal kingdoms. These two forces, therefore — the aque-
ous and the igneous — may be considered as antagonistic to
each other, and to them may be ascribed the principal modifi-
cations which have taken place, and are still taking place, in
the crust of the globe. — WeWs Illustrated Geology.

CORAL REEFS.

"The ocean," says Mr. Darwin, ,l throwing its breakers on
the outer shore, appears an invincible enemy, yet we see it re-
sisted, and even conquered, by means which at first seem weak
and inefficient. No periods of repose are granted, and the
heavy swell caused by the steady action of the trade wind
never ceases. The breakers exceed in violence those of our
temperate regions; and it is impossible to behold them with-
out feeling a conviction that rocks of granite or quartz would
ultimately be demolished by such irresistable forces. Yet
these low coral islands stand aud are victorious, for here
another power, antagonistic to the former, takes part in the
contest. The organic forces separate the atoms of carbonate
of lime, one by one, from the foaming breakers, and unite
them into a symmetrical structure ; myriads of architects are
at work day and night, month after month, and we see their
soft and gelatinous bodies, through the agency of the vital
laws, conquering the great mechanical power of the waves of
the ocean, which neither the art of man nor the mechanical
works of nature could successfully resist." The animals which
produce coral are very simple, and resemble plants both in
their figures and colors.
7

9S GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

THE FIRST FORMED STRATIFIED ROCKS.

The adoption of the theory, that our earth was once in a
state of entire molten fluidity, involves the existence of a sub-
sequent period, when its primeval crust had sufficiently cooled
down to allow of the condensation of watery vapor and of the
existence of a sea upon its surface. Whenever this happened,
the eroding and destructive action of water must have imme-
diately manifested itself, while the particles of the consolida-
ted igneous crust, worn off by the action of waves, tides, and
currents, and deposited as sediments, would naturally produce
stratified formations.

The internal heat of the earth at that period, however, must
have contiuued to act with great intensity near the surface,
and the strata first deposited, consequently, were, in all prob-
ability, soon greatly metamorphosed, i. e., remelted dowp to
form igneous rocks, or converted into hard crystalline ^emi-
igneous rocks, that retained, in part, their original lines of

stratification.

Whether any of these first formed stratified rocks are in ex-
istence, and open to our inspection, it is impossible to affirm.
Some geologists incline to the opinion that thej were entirely
remelted, and are now represented by the older or funda-
mental granites, which, in some instances, appear to have an
obscurely stratified structure.

Be this as it may, it is, however, a matter of fact, that the
oldest rocks of which wa have any knowledge, which exhibit
evidence of a sediment iry origin, appear to have been formed
under conditions analogous to those above supposed. Thus,
they are all more or less crystalline and indurated ; their line3
of stratification are indistinct, and often altogether oblitera-
ted ; and their whole aspect is very different from what is
usually ascribed to rocks deposited in water. — Wells1 Illustra-
ted Geology.

FORMATION OF COAL.

It is now universally admitted by geologists, that coal is a
mass of compressed, altered, and mineralized vegetation, just
as sandstone is consolidated sand, and the slate and shale con.
solidated clay or mud.

The evidence upon which the belief is founded may be
briefly stated, as follows :

1st. The enormous profusion of fossil plants, in the form of

GEOLOGICAL ITEM8. 99

impressions of leaves, trunks, branches, and barks of trees,
found in immediate connection with coal seams. 2d. Coal ia
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same ele-
ments (though differing in proportion) which enter into the
composition of planis. 3d. The subs! unco of coal, when ex-
amined under the microscope, affords unmistakable evidence
of a vegetable (cellular) structure. 4th. All the stages of
gradation between perfect wood and perfect coal may be
traced with the greatest certainty.

But granting the vegetable origin of coal, the question im-
mediately suggests itself: Under what circumstances could
so great an amount of vegetable matter have ever accumu-
lated ? — the magnitude of which may be realized in a degree,
from the asserted fact "that all the forests of the United
States, if gathered into one heap, would fail to furnish the ma-
terials of a single coal seam equal to that of Pittsburg, Penn."

Furthermore, coal is found stratified, laminated, and ex-
tended, in horizontal bed3, which often cover very large areas,
with a nearly constant thickness — the great Pittsburg coal
seam, above referred to for example, having a nearly uniform
thickness of from eight to twelve feet, and is estimated to
have once covered a surface of 90,000 square miles. Coal,
moreover, is ordinarily encased between beds of shale or
sandstone, which bear evident proof of having been slowly
deposited in quiet waters. In some coal fields, as many as
seventy seams of coal, varying in thickness from a few inches
to four, six, eight, ten, twelve, and twenty feet, occur thus in-
terstratified with shales and sandstones ; and yet, notwith-
standing these frequent alternations of material, the purity of
the coal is such, that it rarely contains any considerable ad-
mixture of mud, sand, or other foreign mineral substances.

In explanation of these phenomena, various hypotheses
have been suggested, but the general opinion of the best ge-
ologists of the present day is, that the vegetable matter con-
stituting coal, must, in the main, have grown and accumu-
lated in immense jungles and peat mosses for many years ;
that the land must have then sunk, and become the basin of a
lake or estuary, into which rivers carried mud and sand ; these^
covering the vegetable matter, gradually consolidated into
shales and sandstones, while the vegetable matter itself un-
derwent the process cf mineralization, and was converted into

77R5R4

100 GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

coal. This being done, it is supposed that the area of deposit
was again elevated, so as to become once more the scene of
luxuriant vegetation ; then again submerged, and overlaid by-
new depr A sandstone and shale; then once more elevated
and cov with plants, and again submerged ; and these al-

ternal of submergence and elevations are presumed to

have m place as often as there are beds of coal in any par*
ticular coal field. — Well's Illustrated Geology.

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS ERA.

There is one circumstance in connection with the formation
of coal which has given rise to a vast amount of ingenious
speculation and hypotheses, viz: the apparent sameness of
external conditions over such extensive areas of the earth as
are now occupied by our known coal fields. Thus, the same
gigantic ferns and club-mosses are found alike in the coal
fields of America, Europe, Melville Island, Greenland, and
Australia — regions widely separated, and at once tropical,
temperate, and frigid. To ac*ount for this luxuriance and
homogeneity of vegetable growth various causes have been
suggested, as the earth's central heat, a change in the earth's
axis, a larger percentage of carbonic acid in the atmosphere,
the planetary system moving through warmer regions of space
and iho like ; but thus far geologists have arrived at no definite
conclusions on the subject.

Deposits of carbonaceous matter have occurred at almost
every period of tho earth's historv, as is evidenced by the fact
that thin seams of coal are found in almost all the geological
systems ; but the coal beds which admit of economical work-
ing are almost exclusively confined to the carboniferous sys-
tem. Tho only exceptions are a few coal fields belonging to
the Oolitic or Jurassic system, which, in Virginia and some
other localities, admit of profitable mining. It seems, there-
fore, certain, that whatever may have been the conditions
which allowed of 60 abundant a terrestrial vegetation at this
particular epoch of the earth's history, those conditions ceased
about the time when the era of the Carboniferous system ter-
minated. A high temperature was evidently not one of these
conditions, for there are evidences of it afterwards; and 6ome
authorities incline to the belief that the superabundance of
carbonic acid gas, which is supposed to have existed during

GEOLOGICAL ITEMS. 101

this era, was expended before its close. " There can be no
doubt that the infusion of a large amount of this gas into the
atmosphere at the present day would be attended by precisely
the same circumstances as in the time of the coal epoch. The
higher forms of animal life would not have a place on earth.
Vegetation would be enormous ; and coal strata would be
formed from the vast accumulations of woody matter, which
would gather in every favorable locality."

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL.

Coal is very widely distributed over the world, although
some countries are more highly favored than others. Avail-
able coal fields occur in Great Britain ; in Spain, France, Bel-
gium and Middle Europe; in India, China and Japan ; in the
islands of the Indian Archipelago ; in Australia and New
Zealand ; in South America, Chili and Peru ; in Greenland,
Melville Island and in British America. But nowhere is the
coal formation more extensively displayed than in the United
States, and nowhere are its beds of greater thickness, more
convenient for working, or of more valuable quality.

The eastern half of the continent of North America exhibits
five great coal fields, extending from Newfoundland to Arkan*
sas: 1. The first, or most eastern, is that of the British Prov-
inces, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Its
area is probably about 9,000 square miles, though only one
tenth of this surface appears to be underlaid by productive
coal seams. 2. The second, or Great Appalachian coal field,
extends from Pennsylvania and Ohio to near Tuscaloosa, in
the interior of Alabama. It is about 875 miles long, and is es-
timated to contain 70,000 square miles. 3. A third, and
smaller coal field, occupies the center of the State of Michi-
gan ; it covers an area of about 15,000 square miles, but is not
very productive. 4. A fourth great coal field is situated in
the States of Kentucky, Indiana and Illionois. Its area is es-
timated at 50,000 square miles. 5. The fifth, and most western,
occurs in Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas, and occupies an area
of about 57,000 square miles. Besides these great deposits,
coal is also found in New England, Kansas, Nebraska, and
Texas.

The aggregate space underlaid by the coal fields of North
America amounts to at least 200,000 square miles, or to more

102 GEOLOGICAL ITEMS.

than twenty times the area which includes all the known coal
deposits of Europe. — Wells' Geology.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The number of species of animals that now inhabit the globe
is about 250,000. The number of fossil species of animals and
plants cannot be reliably estimated, but it is safe to say that
the number of the different extinct species that have been
found in fossil stale exceeds many times the number of all the
different species now living.

Geologists claim four distinct periods or ages of the earth's
history. Beginning at the oldest, they are called or named,
First, the Azoic period, or period deficient of the evidence
of life; Second, Paleozoic, or period of ancient life; Third, the
Mesozoic, or period of middle life ; Fourth, or last period,
called Cainozoic. This period includes the Post Tertiary, or
recent system of rocks or period of recent life.

A picture of the Azoic period has thus been imagined by
Hugh Miller. "During the early part of the Azoic period we
may imagine," he says, " a dark atmosphere of steam and va-
por, which, for age after age conceals the face of the sun, and
through wLich the moon or stars never penetrates; oceans of
thermal waters, heated in a thousand centers to the boiling
point ; low, half molten islands, dim through the fog and scarce
more fixed than waves themselves, that heave and tremble
under the impulsions of the igneous agencies ; roaring geysers
that ever and anon throw up their intermittent jets of boiling
fluid, vapor and thick steam, from these tremulous lands ; and
in the dim outskirts of the scene, the red gleam of fire shot
forth from yawning cracks and deep chasms. Such would
be the probable state of things among the times of the earlier
gneiss and mica-chist deposits — times buried deep in that
chaotic night which must have continued to exist for, may
hap, many ages after that beginning of things in which God
created the heavens and the earth."

At length, however, as the earth's surface gradually cooled
down and the enveloping waters sunk to a lower temperature,
let us suppose during the latter times of the mica schist and
the earlier times of the clay slate, tho steam atmosphere would
become less dense and thick, and finally the rays of the sun
would struggle through it; at first doubtful and diffused, form-

GEOLOGICAL ITEMS. 103

ing a faint twilight, but gradually strengthening, as the later
ages of the slate formation passed away, until at the close of
the great primary period day and night — the one still dim and
grey, the other wrapped in the pall of darkness — would suc-
ceed each other as now, as the earth revolved on its axis.

The number of active volcanoes on our globe are about 275
Humboldt suggests the idea that volcanoes are merely vents,
located above some far extended subterranean crack or fissure
in the crust of the earth, through which the molten matter of
the interior escapes to the surface.

The falls of Niagara are 150 feet in height, and the average
amount of water passing over each minute is estimated at
670,000 tons. This water, by its abrading power, lias undoubt-
edly excavated for itself the gorge or channel — seven miles
long, 200 feet deep, and 1,200 to 2,000 feet wide — which now
intervenes between the falls and Lake Ontario. The minimum
time required to wear through this space has beeu estimated
by Sir Charles Lyell, at 35,000 years. — WelVs Illustrated Geol.

STRATIFIED ROCKS.

The stratified rocks of Great Britain have been studied more
than any other of the earth, and as the result of these investi-
gations it has been found that the extinct mammalia, found in
fossiliferous rocks, is more numerous by half than all tli6
species now existing; and of molluscs, the fossil species nine
times as numerous as the living species ; the fossil fish five
times, the reptiles ten times, and the radiate fourteen times.

The geologist finds no trace of that golden age of the world
of which the poets delighted to sing, when all creatures lived
together in peace, and wars and bloodshed were unknown.
Ever since animal life began on our planet, there existed, in
all departments of being, carniverous classes, who could not
live but by the death of their neighbors ; and who were armed,
in consequence, for their destruction, like the butcher with
his axe and knife, and the angler with his hook and spear.

In Europe, the caverns or caves that have been discovered,
have contained the remains or skeletons of a great many of
the different species of animals that now inhabit the earth,
and of others that are now extinct. For instance, the bones
and skeletons of the mammoth are found in great numbers;
also of the mastadon, the epoch of the mastadon, in a geolog-
ical sense, is very recent. Some think that the mammoths
and mastadons did not become entirely extinct in this country
until after the advent of man. Sir Charles Lyell is of the
opinion that the period of the extinction of the mastadon,
although recent, must have been many thousand years ago.

PHILOSOPHY.

-:o:

No two particles of matter can occupy the same space at the
same time.

All bodies weigh heaviest at the earth's surfaoe. A body
that weighs 10 pounds at the earth's surface will weigh but
2£ pounds 4,000 miles high.

Take two cog-wheels of the same size; let one stand still
put the cogs together and put the other in motion, and when
it has made one-half revolution around the standing wheel it
will have made a full revolution on its own center, notwith-
standing only one-half of the cogs of its own surface has
touched the standing wheel.

Tho atmosphere is the lightest in wet, rainy weather ; yet
we find people very often who think different. The medium
pressure of the atmosphere is about fifteen pounds to the
square inch, but this is not always the case. The pressure
will vary in the same locality, and sometimes be greater or
less. The medium hight that atmospheric pressure will raise
water is about 33 feet ; but this calculation only holds good at
the level of the sea, because as we ascend from the sea level
the pressure becomes less; hence, our calculations for raising
water by atmospheric pressure must be governed by the pres-
sure that atmosphere has at the hight of the position above
the sea level. Illustration: At sea level atmospheric pressure
fifteen pounds to the square inch ; one mile above sea level,
about 12^- pounds; two miles above, 10 pounds; three miles,
7$ pounds ; consequently, on an elevation three miles high,
water cannot be raised but about 1G£ feet by the weight of
the air.

The top or upper part of a wagon wheel passes through a
greater amount of space in a given time when running than
the bottom ; or, in other words, runs the fastest.

(104)

PHILOSOPHY. 105

The piston rod of a steam engine makes two complete stops at
every revolution of the crank attached to the end of the pitman.

Hok9e Power. — The average power of a horse is sufficient to
raise a weight of about 23,000 pounds one foot per minute, but
when calculating the horse power of a 6team engine it is esti-
tmated at 33,000 pounds. It then follows that a ten horse
powers team engine is, in fact, about equal to fourteen average
horses.

Power of Steam. — One cubic foot of water converted iuto
steam will raise the enormous weight of three and a half mil-
lion pounds one foot, or seven hundred pouuds one mile high.

All bodies or particles of matter fall to the eath by the at-
traction of gravity, and their speed is in proportion to their
density ; but take away the resisting force of the atmosphere,
then a cork or feather will fall as fast as a bullet.

Resultant motion may be illustrated by holding a ball or
weight in your hand and dropping it from the top of your head
while running, you will find that you cannot run fast enough
to overtake the ball before it strikes the ground.

A ball may be shot from a cannon from the top of a tower
on a horizontal plain, and another dropped from the mouth of
the cannon at the same time, and they will both strike the
earth at the same time, provided the surface be horizontal
with the cannon.

Lever power is almost indispensable, or in other words,
without it we could scarcely do anything; yet to take in con-
sideration distance and speed, there is not a particle of power
gained by a lever. Illustration : Suppose a lever 20 feet long,
the fulcrum 2 feet from one end of the lever, 10 pounds on the
long end of the lever is equal to 100 pounds on the short end ;
but to raise the 100 pounds one foot the ten pounds passes
through 10 feet of space, consequently it travels ten times as
fast as the 100 pounds, so all that is gained in power is lost in
speed and distance ; because if both ends of the lever was of
the same length while one end of the lever was passing
through ten feet of space the other end would pass through
the same ten feet ; and ten pounds would raise ten pounds ten
feet high, or ten times as high as the ten pounds on tho long
end of the lever would raise the 100 pounds on thj short end.

SKETCHES OF ASTRONOMY.

:0;-

OBIGIN OF THE SOLAE SYSTEM:.

Many theories have been propounded at different periods
of the history of astronomy, respecting the original formation
of our Solar System, as well as all other suns and systems,
which it has pleased the great creator of all things to call
into existence, but no one has gained so great favor or excited
so violent opposition, as the theory first proposed by Sir Wil-
liam Ilerschel, and afterwards more especially applied by the
celebrated La Place to the formation of the solar system.

This theory may be thus stated :•— In the beginning all the
matter composing the sun, planets, and satellites was diffused
through space, in a state of exceedingly minute division, the
ultimate particles being held asunder by the repulsion of
heat. In process of time, under the action of gravitation, tin
mass assumed a round or globular shape, and the particles
tending to the centre of gravity, a motion of rotation on an
axis would commence. The gpeat mass, now gradually cool-
ing and condensing, must increase its rotary motion, thereby
increasing the centrifugal force at the equator of the revolv-
ing mass, until, finally, a ring of matter is actually detached
from the equator, and is left revolving in space by the shrink-
ing away from it, of the interior mass. If now we follow this
isolated ring of matter, we find every reason to believe that
its particles will gradually coalesce into a globular form, and
in turn form satellites, as it was itself formed. It is unneces-
sary to pursue the reasoning further, for the same laws which
produce one planet from the equator of the central revolving
mass, may produce many — until finally, the process is ended
by a partial solidification of the central mass, so great, that
gravity aided by the attraction of cohesion, is more than suf
ficient to resist the action of the centrifugal force, and no fur
ther cha*age occurs.

(106)

SKETCHES OF ASTBONOMY. 107

It has been urged in favor of this theory, that it accounts
for the striking peculiarities which are found in the organiza-
tion of the solar system. That the rings of Saturn are positive
proofs of the truth of the theory, they having cooled and con-
densed without breaking. That the individuals constituting
a system thus produced, must revolve and rotate as do the
planets and satellites, and in orbits of the precise figure and
position, as those occupied by the planets. It accounts for
the rotation of the sun on its axis, and presents a solution of
the strange appearance connected with the sun called the
Zodiacal Light. It goes further and accounts for the forma-
tion of single, double, and multiple suns and stars — and by the
remains of chaotic matter in the interstics between the stars,
and which are finally drawn to some particular sun, whose in-
fluence in the end preponderates, accounts for the comets
which enter our system from every region in space.

In support of this theory it has been urged that the comets,
in their organization, presents us with specimens of this finely
divided nebulous or chaotic matter — and that the telescope
reveals cloudy patches of light of indefinite extent, scattered
throughout space, which give evidence of being yet unformed
and chaotic. That many stars are found in which the bright
nucleus or centre is surrounded by a halo or haze of nebulous
light, and that round nebulous bodies are seen with the teles-
cope, of an extent vastly greater than would fill the entire
space encircled by the enormous orbit of the planet La
Verrier, or having a diameter greater than 7,000 millions of
miles.

Such are a few of the arguments in support of this most ex-
traordinary theory. We now present the objections which
have been most strongly insisted on. The retrogade motions
of the satellites of Ilerschel, and their great inclination to
the plane of the ecliptic can not be accounted for by this
theory. That computation shows that no atmosphere of con-
densed nebulous matter can extend to so great a distance from
the sun, as does the matter composing the Zodiacal Light, and,
finally, that the nebulous matter in the heavens will ulti-
mately be resolved into immense congeries and clusters of
stars, whose great distance has hitherto defied the power of
the best instruments.

In reply to the first objection, the friends of the theory doubt

•

108 SKETCHES OP ASTRONOMY.

the facts with reference to the satellites of Herschel. They
reply that the matter composing the Zodiacal Light being in
the nature of cometary matter, is thrown to a greater distance
from the sun than gravity would warrant, by that power resid-
ing in the sun which is able on the approach of comets to
project those enormous trains of light, which sometimes render
them so wonderful. As to the last objection, it is urged that
although many nebulae will doubtless be resolved into stars,
by using more powerful telescopes, yet that these same teles-
copes will reveal more new nebulae which cannot be resolved,
than they will resolve — and as to the existence of nebulous
matter, it is perfectly demonstrated by the physical organiza-
tion of comets, and the existence of nebulous stars.

Such was the state of the Astronomical argument, when
Lord Rosse's Great Reflector was first applied to the explora-
tion of the distant regions of space. In a religious point of
view, this theory had excited no small amount of discussion,
in consequence of its supposed Atheistical tendencies. The
friends of the theory contend that it was no more Atheistical
to admit the formation of the universe bylaw, than to acknowl-
edge that it is now sustained by laws. Indeed since we must
go to the first great cause for matter in its chaotic 6tate, as
well as for the laws which govern matter, that this theory gave
to us a grander view of the omniscience and omnipotence of
God than could be obtained from any other source. In fine,
that it harmonized with the declaration of scripture, which
tells us that "In the beginning God created the heavens and
the earth, and the earth was witJoout form and void" If the
earth came into existence in its present condition, then it had
form and was not void. Hence, this first grand declaration of
tho inspired writer must refer to the formation of the matter
of which the heavens and earth were afterwards formed. Some
went so far as to trace out dimly a full account of this theory
in the order of creation, as laid down in Gensis.

Let us now proceed to the discoveriesof Lord Rosse, and their
influence on this greatly disputed theory. The space penetrat-
ing power of his six feet reflector is much greater than that
of Sir William Herschel's great telescope, and it was anti-
cipated that many nebulae which were unresolved into clusters
of 6tars by Hershel, would yield under the greater power and
light of Lord Rosse's telescope. This has proved to be the

SKETCHES OP ASTRONOMY. 109

fact. Very many nebulas have been removed from their old
places, and must hereafter figure among the clusters, while we
are informed that many yet remain, even of the old nebulas,
which defy the power of the monster telescope.

The most remarkable object which has been resolved by
Lord Rosse, is the great nebula in Orion, one of the most
extraordiuary objects in the heavens. Its size is enormous,
and its figure very extraordinary. In certain parts adjoining
the nebula the heavens are jet black, either from contrast or by
the vacuity of these regions. Two immense spurs of light are
seen to project from the principal mass of the nebula, and to
extend to a most extraordinary distance. This will be better
understood, by remembering that at the distance at which this
nebula is removed from us, the entire diameter of the earth's
orbit, 190 millions of miles, is an invisable point, less than one
second, while this nebula extends to many thousands of times
this distance, and more probably to many millions of times.

Several stars have been found, and are visible on the nebula,
but have hitherto been regarded as being between the eye of
the observer and this remote object. Sir William Herschel
was unable to resolve this mysterious body, and yet the nebula
gave indications of being of the resolvable kind by its irreg-
ular and curdled appearance under high powers. Several
years since Dr. J. Lamont, of Munich, after a rigid scrutiny, of
this nebula with his great Refractor, pronounced a portion of
it to be composed of minute stellar points, and predicted its
final perfect resolution into stars by greater power. This pre-
diction has been fully verified, for Lord Rosse's great Reflector
has solved the mystery, and filled this extraordinary object
with the "jewelry of stars."

But the question recurs, what have the defenders of the
nebular theory lost, or its enemies gained by this interesting
discovery? We are all liable to reach conclusions too hastily,
and to join issue on false points. If the nebular theory depen-
ded for its existance upon the irresolvability of the nebula in
Orion, then indeed has the theory been entirely exploded.
But this is not the fact. No one has asserted that the
great nebula in Orion was nebulous matter, and if it were not,
then none existed. Such an issue would have been a false ono,
had it been made.

The theory has neither lost nor gained by the discoveries

110 SKETCHES OF ASTRONOMY.

thus far made; what time may develope it is impossible to
say. In case certain data can be obtained, which appear to be
accessible, then indeed may we demonstrate its truth or false-
hood, by mathematical investigation. Until then, the safer
plan is neither to adopt nor reject, but investigate until abso-
lute truth shall reward our long continued labor, and reveal
the mystery of the organization of that stupendous system, ot
which our humble planet forms an insignificant part. — Smith's
Astronomy.

The sun is the center of the solar system, around which all
other planets belonging to our universe revolve. The names
of all the primary planets that have been discovered that con-
stitute the solar system, are the Sun, Mercury, Venus, the
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Herschel, Uranus, Neptune, and
twenty-three asteroids, or small planets. The approximate
distance each of the large planets travel in making one revo-
lulion around the sun is about as follows:

Mercury, number of miles 220,000,000

Venus, " " " 403,000,000

Earth, " " " 570,000,000

Mars, " " " 852,000,000

Jupiter, " " " 2,910,000,000

Saturn, ' 5,340,000,000

Herschel, 10,800,000,000

LaVerrier " •• " 11, 100,000,000

COMETS.

Very little is known of the physical nature of comets.
They are thought by some astronomers to be about as dens©
as smoke. They are bodies that revolve around the sun in
very elongated orbits, and some astronomers think that the
greater number visit our system but once, and then fly off in
nearly straight lines, and go to revolve around other suns in
the far-off distant heavens. The length of the tail of a comet,
as measured by astronomers, seem almost incredible.

Comet of 1680, length of the tail 123,000,000 miles.

Do. 1744, " " 35,000,000 "

Do. 1700, " ■ 48,000,000 "

Do. 1811, " " 130,000 000 "

Do. 1843, " " 130,000,000 "

The sun is 1,384,472 times as large as the earth ; Jupiter is
1,280 times larger than the earth, and Saturn 1,000 times.

SKETCHES OF ASTRONOMY. Ill

DIRECTIONS FOR FINDING THE NORTH STAR, AT ANY TIME.

Every pupil should be instructed in the manner of poinding
out the North Star at any time of the night. If they are ena-
bled to do this at any time, it will assist them in making other
important observations, as well as being of use on many occa-
sions which occur in the life of every man. Many peruoiis !
have been lost in a prairie or other unfrequented places, when I
if they had been able to have told the points of the compass '
they could have extricated themselves from their lost situa-
tion. This may be done in a very easy manner. There is
hardly a child of ten years of age who cannot at any time of
night point out the stars in the Great Bear which form what is
called the Great Dipper. Now if an imaginary line be drawn
through the two stars which form the front edge of the Dipper,
from the bottom towards the top, and continued about 20 de-
grees, it will pass very near the North Star — so near that it
cannot be mistaken, there being no other stars of that magni-
tude near it. It should be borne in mind that this rule holds
good in whatever position the Dipper may be at the time. —
Smith's Illustrated Astronomy.

ECLIPSES.

Eclipses are among the most interesting phenomena pre-
sented to us by the heavenly bodies. In all ages, when an
eclipse has taken place, it has excited the profound attention
of the learned, and the fears and superstitions of the ignorant.
The causes of eclipses before the seventeenth century were
known only to a few, and they generally took advantage of
this knowledge to impose upon the credulity of the ignorant
by pretending that they were inspired by the Gods. Among
the ancient nations, the Chaldeans were the foremost in their
observations of the phenomena of the heavens ; perhaps tLis
was owing in some measure to their occupation; they being
shepherds were obliged to watch their flocks by night to pro-
tect them from the wild beasts which were at that time num-
erous. Men under such circumstances would naturally be
led to watch closely the movements of the heavenly bodies,
and more especially so, for in the earlier periods of the world
they had no correct mode of reckoning time in order to deter-
mine the seasons or the proper seed time and harvest.

Eclipses attracted the particular attention of the Chaldeans,

112 SKETCHES OP ASTRONOMY.

■ ■■_■—■■■ I . . ... . ■ — ■.!■ I — — — W^^— ^

and by a series of observations extended through several cen-
turies, they discovered a very important fact relating to
eclipses, although they did not understand the cause.

By comparing the records which had been made for a great
length of time, they found that a certain period of time elapsed
between eclipses of the same kind and magnitude; that is, if
18 years, 11 days, 7 hours and 43 minutes, were added to the
time of the happening of any eclipse, it would show the time
of the return of the same eclipse; the only differences would
be that it would not happen at the same time in the day and
it would be a little greater or less than the previous eclipse —
thus they were able to predict eclipses with sufficient accu-
racy to answer their designs upon the ignorant without under-
standing the laws by which these periodical returns were
produced.

To explain this briefly, it must be remembered that the
moon's orbit makes an angle with the plane of the earth's or-
bit of 5£ deg.; these two points where the moon's orbit cuts
the plane of the earth's orbit, are called nodes. Now we will
suppose that on any day at noon it is new moon, and the moon
is just 16 deg. from her descending node, the shadow of the
moon would just touch the earth at the north pole ; in 223 lu-
Dations, or 18 years, 11 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes thereafter,
the moon would come nearly to the same position as it was at
the beginning, consequently there would be another small
eclipse of the sun, and at the expiration af every 223 lunations
it would return, and at each return the moon's shadow would
pass across the earth a little more to the south until the
ec'iipse had appeared about 77 times, when it would pass off
at the south pole, occupying a period of 1,388 years : The same
period would not commence again until the expiration of 12,-
492 years. Each eclipse which takes place during any year, be-
longs to a separate and similar period. Those periods of
eclipses which come in at the moon's ascending node, first
come on to the earth at the south pole, and at each return the
moon's shadow paf-ses across the earth more to tne north, and
alter appearing about 77 times, they dually leave the earth at
the north pole. — Smith's Astronomy.

SKETCHES OP ASTRONOMY. 113

IMMENSITY OF SPACE.

Great is the immensity of space. Light travels at the rate
of one hundred and ninety-two thousand miles per second
and yet at this great speed it would take it over thirty million
years to come from some of the far off nebulas to the earth.
Some ideas of the immensity of space may be gathered by
the calculation of the distance that light would travel in thirty
millions of years, and then supposing that the distance ascer-
tained by the calculation, was to the remaining distance as
one drop of water is to the ocean. In all probability the most
powerful telescope has only brought to view a small portion
of creation.

The nearest fixed stars, according to the best astronomical
calculation, 20,C0O,C00,C0OXCO of miles from the earth. To
assist the mind of the reader to ?:.etsome idea of the immensity
of this distance, I have taken the pains lo make the following
calculation: Suppose that when the Lord past sentence upon
Cain for killing his brother, that he had banished hiin to the
nearest fixed star, and had caused a whirlwind or some other
power to have taken him at the rate of one thousand miles aa
hour day and night from that time till now, counting the time
past six thousand years, at SCO days travel to the year, he
would have traveled at the end of the six thousand years only
one 8.80th part of the disiance, and at the same rate of speed
at the end of two million years from Usis time he would not
reach his destination, but would yet be one trillion three hun-
dred and eighty-two billion four hundred million miles from
his future home, or place of banishment. So you see that after
two million and six thousand years travel at the enormous
speed of one thousand miles an hour, leaves a distance yet
untraveled equal to about filly five million times the distance
of Cook's voyage around the earth.

PAY OF GOVERNMENT OFFICERS.

President of the United States per annum, $50 000 00

Vice-President " " 8,000 00

Cabinet Officers each " ', 8,000 00

Speaker of the ilouso of Representatives " " 8,000 00

Members of Congress " " 5,000 00

Chief Justice of the United States " " 6,500 00

Associate Justices " " 6,000 00

MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTIES.

In Great Britain or France per annum 17,500 00

In Russia, Spain, Prussia, Austria, Italy, China,

Mexico or Brazil " " 12,000 00

InChilior Peru " " 10,000 00

In Nicaragua " " 7,000 00

In Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark,
Sweden, Switzerland, Hawaiian Islands, Ecua-
dor, Argentine Confederation, Venezuela and

all other foreign countries " " 7,500 00

WAR DEPARTMENT.

Lieutenant-General per month 720 00

Major-General " " 4;~> 00

Brigadier-General " " 299 50

Adjutant General " annum 3,95'J 00

Surgeon-General " " 3,594 00

Paymaster General " " 2,740 00

Commissary-General " " 2,5.'>_' I 0

Surgeon-General " month 299 50

OFFICERS OF INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY.

Colonel per month 194 00

Lieutenant-Colonel " " 170 00

Major " « 151 00

Captain " " US 50

First Lieutenant " •« 103 50

Second Lieutenant " " 103 50

Brevet Second Lieutenant " " 103 50

ORDNANCE AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENT.

Chief of Ordnance per month 407 50

Colonel " " 221 00

Lieutenant-Colonel " " 211 00

Major " " 187 ()0

Captain » » 129 (j-)

First Lieutenant " " 112 83

Second Lieut " » \\-> 83

Brevet Second Lieutenant " " 112 83

(114)

RELIGIOUS.

The number of Protestants of the world, according to the statistics of
all nations, is about as follows :

tJnited States 83,000,000

Great Britain and Ireland 25,000,000

Asia and Armenia 5,000,000

British America and West Indies 4,000,000

France, Belgium and Holland 5,000,000

South America 1,500,000

Sweden, Norway and Denmark 7,600,000

The German Empire 25,000,000

Throughout the rest of the world 13,000^)00

Total 121.000,000

Or about one in every fourteen of the inhabitants of the world are
Protestants. Of this number there is about one in every four identified
with or members of the different Protestant churches of the world. It
then follows that the entire membership of all the Protestant churches
of the world amounts to one in fifty-six of the inhabitants.

The number of Roman Catholics (approximately correct) is as follows:

United States 3,500,000

Great Britain and Ireland 6,000,000

Russia 7,200,000

South America 21,000,000

France 36,000,000

Austria and Venetia 28,000,000

Spain 17,000,000

Other parts of the world 60,000,000

Total 200,900,000

Pagans, or those who worshipped idols, or created things or beingst
they number near three-fourtbs of the entire inhabitants of the earth.
They number at present about 1,000,000,000. This includes the Moham-
medans, the Buddhists and the Mormons, or Latter Day Saints. Of this
number there is to be found in the United States, of Mormons, 75,000.
And strange as it may seem, we have about 60,000 Heathen idol worship-

(115)

116 RELIGIOUS.

pers, who have began erecting their temples on American soil. There ia
one in San Francisco, California, and I understand one is being erected
at Denver City, Colorado.

The number of church edifices and value of church property of tho
principal religious organizations in the United States, are as follows :

NAME. CHURCHES. VALUE.

Baptist (regular) 12,857 $30,229,221

Baptist (other) 1,105 2,378,977

Christian 2,S22 6,425,137

Congregational 2,715 25,069,098

Episcopal 2,601 36,514,549

Evangelical Association 641 2,301,050

Friends 6C2 3,939,560

Jews 152 5,155,234

Lutheran 2,776 14,917,747

Methodist 21,337 69,854,121

Moravian 67 709,100

Mormon 171 656,750

Swed^nborgian 61 869,700

Presbyterian (regular) 5,683 47,828,732

Presbyterian (other) 1,388 5,436,524

Dutch Reform 468 10,359,255

Late German Reform 1,145 5;775,215

Roman Catholic 3,806 60,985,566

Second Advent 140 306,240

Shakers 18 86,900

Spiritualist 22 100,150

Unitarian 310 6,282,075

United Brethren 937 1,819,810

Universalist 602 5,692,325

Unknown (union) 552 965,295

Unknown Local Missions 27 687,800

Total... 63,082 $354,483,581

STATISTICAL.

POPULATION OF EACH STATE.

Alabama 996,992

Arkansas 484,471

California 560,247

Connecticut 537,454

Delaware 125,015

Florida 187,748

Georgia 1,184,109

Illinois 2,539,891

Indiana 1,680,637

Iowa 1,194,020

Kansas 364,399

Kentucky 1,321,011

Louisiana 726,915

Maine 626,915

Maryland 780,894

Massachusetts 1,457,351

Michigan 1,184,059

Minnesota 459,706

Mississippi 827,922

Missouri 1,721,295

Nebraska 122,993

Nevada 42,491

New Ilampshire 318,300

New Jersey 906,095

New York 4,382,759

North Carolina 1,071,361

Ohio 2,665,260

Oregon 90,923

Pennsylvania 3,521,951

Ehode Island 217,353

South Carolina 705,606

Tennessee 1,258,520

Texas 818,579

Vermont 330,551

Virginia 1,225,163

West Virginia 442,014

Wisconsin 1,054,670

Total.

.38,115,641

POPULATION OP THE TERRITORIES.

Arizona 9,658

Colorado 39,864

Dakota 14,181

District of Columbia 131,700

Idaho 14,999

Montana 20,595

New Mexico 91,874

Utah 86.7S6

Washington 29 955

Wyoming 9,118

Total 442,730

POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES.

■NTew York, N. Y 942,292

Philadelphia, Pa 674,022

Brooklyn, N. Y 396,099

St. Louis, Mo 310,864

Charleston, S. C 48,956

Indianapolis, Ind 80,244

Troy, N. Y 40,465

Syracuse, N. Y 43,051

(117)

118

STATISTICAL.

POPULATION OP THE PRINCIPAL CITIES — OONTIITOED :

Chicago, 111 298,977

Baltimore, Md 267,354

Boston, Mass 250,526

Cincinnati, Ohio 216,239

New Orleans, La 191,418

San Francisco, Cal 149,473

Buffalo, N. Y 117,714

"Washington, D. C 109,199

Newark, N. J 105,059

Louisville, Ky 100,753

Cleveland, Ohio 92,829

Pittsburgh, Pa 86,076

Jersey City, N.J 82,546

Detroit, Mich 79,577

Milwaukee, Win 71,440

Albany, N. Y 69,422

Providence, R. 1 68,904

Rochester, N. Y 62,386

Allegheny, Pa 53,180

Richmond, Va 51,038

New Haven, Conn 50,840

The number of all the male citizens
the United States and Territories,
Census :

Alabama 202,046

Arizona 3,397

Arkansas 100,043

California 145,802

Colorado 15,515

Connecticut 127,499

Dakota 5,234

Delaware 28,207

District of Columbia 31,622

Florida 38,854

Georgia 234,919

Idaho 5,557

Illinois 542,843

Indiana 376,780

Iowa 255,802

Kansas 99,065

Kentucky „ 282,305

Louisiana... 159,201

Maine „ 153,160

Maryland 169,845

Worcester, Mass 41,105

Lowell, Mass 40,928

Memphis, Tenn 40,226

Cambridge, Mass 39,634

Hartford, Conn 37,180

Scranton, Pa 35,092

Reading, Pa 33,630

Patterson, N. J 33,579

Kansas City, Mo 32,260

Mobile, Ala 32,034

Toledo, Ohio 31,584

Portland, Me 31.413

Columbus, Ohio 31,274

Wilmington, Del 30,841

Dayton, Ohio 30,473

Lawrence, Mass 28,921

Utica, N. Y 28,804

Charlestown, Mass 28,323"

Savannah, Ga 28,235

Lynn, Mass 28,233

Fall River, Mass 26,766

over the age of twenty- one years in
as shown by the statistics of the last

Missouri 380,235

Montana 11,523

Nebraska 36,169

Nevada 18,652

New Hampshire 83,361

New Jersey 194,109

New Mexico 22,412

New York 981,587

North Carolina 214,224

Ohio 592,350

Oregon 24,608

Pennsylvania 776,345

Rhode Island 43,996

South Carolina 146.614

Tennessee 259,016

Texas 169,215

Utah 10,147

Vermont 74,867

Virginia 266.680

Washington 7,902

STATISTICAL. 119

NUMBER MALE CITIZENS, etc. — COTINUED:

Massachusetts 312,770 West Virginia 93,435

Michigan 274,459 Wisconsin 203,077

Minnesota 75,274 Wyoming 5,297

Mississippi 169,737

Total 8,425,941

By the above the full amount of the vote of each State is shown, and

as the vote for President in 1872 was not a strict party vote, wo will give
the vote for President in 1868, as polled for Grant and Seymour, as w«-
think this more satisfactory.

VOTE OP EACH STATE OF THE UNION.

Rep. Dem.

Alabama 76,366 72,086

Arkansas 22,152 19,078

California 54,592 54,078

Connecticut 50,996 47,951

Delaware 7,623 10,980

Florida (By Legislature.)

Georgia 57,134 102,822

Illinois 250,293 199,143

Indiana 176,552 166,980

Iowa 120,399 74,040

Kansas 31,046 14,019

Kentucky 39,569 115,889

Louisiana 33,263 80,225

Maine 70,426 42,396

Maryland 30,438 62,357

Massachusetts 136,437 59,408

Michigan 128,550 97,069

Minnesota 43,542 28,072

Mississippi (No vote.)

Missouri 85,671 59,878

Nebraska 9,729 5,439

Nevada 6,480 5,218

New Hampshire 38,191 31,224

New Jersey 80,121 83,001

New York 419,883 429,883

North Carolina 96,226 84,090

Ohio 280,828 238,700

Oregon 10,961 11,125 '

Pennsylvania 342,280 313,382

Rhode Island 12,903 6,548

South Carolina 62,301 45,237

Tennessee 56,757 26,31i

Texas (No vote.)

120

STATISTICAL.

TOTE OP KACQ STATE OP THE UNION CONTINUED.

Vermont 44,167

Virginia (No vote.)

West Virginia 29,025

Wisconsin 108,857

12,045

20,306
84,710

Total 3,012,188 2,703,590

POPULATION OP INDIANA BY COUNTIES, 1870.

Adams 11,382

Allen 43,494

Bartholomew 21,131

Benton 5,015

Blackford 6,272

Boone 22,593

Brown 8,681

Carroll 16,152

Cass 24,193

Clarke 24,770

Clay 19,084

Clinton 17,330

Crawford 9,851

Daviess 16.747

Dearborn 24,116

Decatur 19,053

DeKalb 17,167

Delaware 19,030

Dubois 12,597

Elkhart 26,026

Fayette 10,476

Floyd 23,300

Fountain 16,389

Franklin 20,223

Fulton , 12,726

Gibson 17,371

Grant 18,487

Greene 19,514

Hamilton , 20,882

Hancock 15,123

Harrison 19,913

Hendricks 20,277

Henry 22,986

Howard 15,847

Huntington 12,036

Jackson — ~ 18,974

Jasper 6,354

Madison

Marion

Marshal

Martin

Miami

Monroe

Montgomery.

Morgan

Newton

Noble

Ohio

Orange

Owen

Park

Perry

Pike

Porter

Posey

Pulaski

Putnam

Randolph

Ripley

Rush

Scott

Shelby

Spencer

Starke

Steuben

St. Joseph

Sullivan

Switzerland..
Tippecanoe...

Tipton

Union

Vanderburg ,
Vermillion...
Vigo

22,770
71,939
20,211
11,103
21,052
14,168
23,765
17,528

5,829
20,389

5,837
13,497
16,137
18,165
14,801
13,779
13,942
19,185

7,801
21,514
22,862
20,977
17,626

7,823
21,892
17,998

3,888
12,854
25,322
18,453
12,134
33,515
11,953

6,341
33,145
10,840
33,549

STATISTICAL. 121

POPULATION CF INDIANA BY COUNTIES — CONTINUED.

Jay 15,000 Wabash 21,305

Jefferson 29,741 Warren 10,204

Jennings 16,218 Warrick 17,053

Johnson 18,366 Washington 18,435

Knox 21,562 Wayne 34,048

Kosciusko 23,531 Wells 13,585

LaGrange 14,148 White 10,554

Lake 12,339 Whitley 14,399

LaPorte 27,062

Lawrence 14,628 Total 1,680,637

INDIANA TOWNS THAT HATE 500, OB OTEB, INHABITANTS.

Decatur, Adams county 858

New Ilaven, Allen county 912

Ft. Wayne, Allen county 17,718

Monroeville, Allen county 630

Columbus, Bartholomew county 3,359

Hope, Bartholomew county 765

Oxford, Benton county 519

Hartford, Blackford county 878

Lebanon, Boone county 1,572

Zionsville, Boone county 956

Jamestown, Boone county 603

Thorntown, Boone county 1,526

Delphi, Carroll county 1,614

Browntown, Cass county 903

Logansport, Cass county 8,950

West Logan, Cass county 978

Charleston, Clarke county 2,204

Jeffersonville, Clarke county 7,254

Brazil, Clay county 2,186

Staunton, Clay county 587

Knightsville, Clay county 1,071

Harmony, Clay county 597

Bowling Green, Clay county 606

Frankfort, Clinton county 1,300

Leavenworth, Crawford county 567

Washington, Daviess county 2,901

Aurora, Dearborn county 3,304

Cochran, Dearborn county 675

Lawrenceburg, Dearborn county 3,159

Moore's Hill, Dearborn county 617

Waterloo, DeKalb county 1,259

Auburn, DeKalb county 677

Muncie, Delaware county 2.992

122 STATISTICAL.

INDIANA T0WN8, ETC. — CONTINUED.

Jasper, Dubois county 547

Elkhart, Elkhart county ~ 3.265

Goshen, Elkhart county 3,133

Bristol, Elkhart county 681

Connersville, Fayette county 2,496

New Albany, Floyd county 15,396

Attica, Fountain county 2,273

Covington, Fountain county 1,888

Laurel, Franklin county 741

Rochester, Fulton county 1,528

Owensville, Gibson county 522

Princeton, Gibson county 1,847

Patoka, Gibson county 844

Marion, Grant county 1,658

Jonesboro, Grant county 581

Bloomfield, Green county 656

Westfield, Hamilton county 608

Noblesville, Hamilton county 1,435

Greenfield, Hancock county 1,203

Corydon, Harrison county 747

Danville, Hendricks county 1,080

Plainfield, Hendricks county 795

Brovvnsburg, Hendricks county 551

Middletown, Henry county 711

Knightstown, Henry county 1,528

Kokomo, Howard county 2,177

Roanoke, Huntington county 627

Brownstown, Jackson county 572

Seymour, Jackson county 2,372

Rensselaer, Jasper county 617

Hanover, Jefferson county 564

North Madison, Jefferson county 1,007

Madison, Jefferson county 10,709

North Vernon, Jennings county 1,758

Vernon, Jennings county 673

Edinburg, Johnson county 1,799

Franklin City 2,707

Vincennes, Knox county 5,440

Pierceton, Kosciusko county 1,063

LaGrange, LaGrange county 1,038

LaPorte, LaPorte county 6,581

Michigan City, LaPorte county 3,985

Werftville City, LaPorie county 640

Mitchell, Lawrence county 1,087

STATISTICAL. 123

INDIANA TOWNS, KTO. — CONTINTT1D.

Anderson, Madison county 3,126

Pendleton, Madison county 675

Bourbom, Marshall county 874

Plymouth, Marshall county 2,482

ShoalB, Martin county 512

Loogootee, Martin county 748

Peiu, Miami county 3,617

Bloomington, Monroe county 1,030

Ladoga, Montgomery county 878

Crawfordsville, Montgomery county 3,701

Mooresville, Morgan county 1.229

Martinsville, Morgan county 1,131

Kentland, Newton county 802

Kendallville, Noble county 2,164

Ligonier, Noble county 1,514

Rising Sun, Ohiocounty 1,760

Orleans, Orange county 905

Paoli, Orange county 628

Spencer, Owen county 971

Gosport, Owen county 860

Rockville, Park county 1,187

Montezuma, Park, county 624

Cannelton, Perry county 2,481

Tell City, Perry county 1,660

Petersburg, Pike county 923

Valparaiso, Porter county 2,765

Mount Vernon, Posey county 2,880

New Harmony, Posey county 836

Winnamack, Pulaski county 906

Greencastle, Putnam county , 3,227

Ridgeville, Randolph county 716

Farmland, Randolph county 532

Union City, Randolph county 1,439

Winchester, Randolph county 1,456

Versails, Ripley county 500

Rushville, Rush county ] 1,696

Shelbyville, Shelby county 2,731

Rockport, Spencer county 1,720

Angola, Steuben county 1,072

Mishawaka, St. Joseph county 2,617

South Bend, St. Joseph county 7,206

Sullivan, Sullivan county 1,396

Lafayette, Tippecanoe county 13,516

Tipton, Tipton county 892

124 STATISTICAL.

INDIANA TOWNS, ETC.— CONTINUXD.

Liberty, Union county 700

Evansville, Vanderburgh county 21,830

Clinton, Vermillion county 564

Perrysville, Vermillion county 690

Terre Haute, Vigo county 16,103

Lagro, Wabash county 519

Wabash City, Wabash county 2,881

Williamsport, Warren county 988

Booneville, Warrick county 1,039

Newburg, Warrick county 1,464

Salem, Washington county 1,294

Centreville, Wayne county 1,077

East Germantown, Wayne county 536

Hagerstown, Wayne county 833

.Richmond, Wayne county 9,445

Milton, Wayno county 823

BluiFtown, Wells county 1,138

Monticello, White county ~+ „ 887

Columbia, Whitley county... « M 1,633

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

:o:-

The first Sabbath School that we have been able to find a
record of, was established in the year 17G9 in the town of Wy-
cumbe, England, by a young Methodist lady by the name of
Hannah Ball. A few years after this another young lady who
afterwards became the wife of Samuel Bradburn, suggested
the idea of Sabbath Schools to Robert Rakes. He being a
man of quick perception and great energy saw at once the ad-
vantages to be gained by schools of this kind. He immedi-
ately set to work and organized a school in the city of Glou-
cester, England, and through his labors and influence other
cities of that country were induced to establish Sabbath
Schools and work for the Sunday School interest.

The first Sabbath School established in the United States
was organized by Bishop Asbury, in the year 1786, in Hanover
County, Va., at the house of Mr. Thomas Granshaw. The pro-
gress of Sabbath Schools in the United States until about the
year 1830, was rather slow, as but few of the Christian denom-
inations up to that time had become interested in the Sunday
School cause. But one by one, the different organizations of
Christians have gradually adopted the institution of Sabbath
Schools, till now, the popular method of all churches for the
religious training of the young is the Sunday School. Now, in
every land and nation, where Christian people reside, the
Sabbath School cause is advancing.

The organization of Sabbath Schools,

Remember one and all,
"Was first established in Wycumbe,

By Miss Hannah Ball.

After this Miss Bradburn

Suggested to Robert Rakea
To organize a Sabbath School,

And helped him set the stakes.

(125)

126 SABBATH SCHOOLS.

They organized in Gloucester,

The banner they unfurled,
The fame and name of which has spread.

Almost throughout the world.

'C'

The honor due to Robert Rakes,
Miss Bradburn and Miss Ball.

Should not be given to Robert Rakes,
But given to them all.

For the institution of Sabbath Schools,
The honor is due Miss Ball.

To her for lighting up the lamp,
We give the honor all.

Miss Bradburn she is worthy of
Our honor, love, and praise,

For her suggestions, and her work,
In keeping up the blaze.

And to Robert Rakes is due
The honor of school extension

For adding fuel to tho light,
And widening its dimension.

VALUABLE RECIPES.

-:o:-

For Cleaning Silverware, and for Silvering Copper. — One-
fourth ounce crystal nitrate of silver, one-half ounce cream
of tartar, one-fourth ounce of common salt ; pulverize all to a
fine powder together, bottle it up and it is ready for use. Ap-
ply with a woolen rag, wetting the rag so as the powder will
stick to it.

For Distemper in Horses. — Ground ginger, two ounces;
flour of sulphur, two ounces; copperas, two ounces; Spanish
brown, two ounces; saltpeter, one-half ounce ; mix thoroughly*
Give a tablespoonful once a day in bran mash. Keep the ani-
mal warm and dry, with light exercise.

WJiitewash for Out Zhors. — Take good white unslacked
lime, one peck; salt, one quart; two pounds Spanish whiting;
one gallon good flour paste ; first slack the lime in hot water ;
be sure to put enough on to keep the lime from burning; then
add while warm the salt and Spanish white, and then the
paste ; let stand over night. It is better to have it warm while
applying it.

For Removing Paint Ifrom Glass. — Baking soda and warm
water.

Antidote for Poison. — Give sweet oil in large doses.

For Worms in Children. — Santenine, nine grains; calomel,
six grains; white sugur, eighteen grains ; mix well ; make in
six powders for a child two years old, and give one before
each meal for two days ; work off with oil.

For Removing Grease Spots From Cloth. — Soda, two
drachms; borax, one drachm ; dissolve it together in one ounce
of hot water, then add one ounce of alconol. Shake it well
and apply with woolen rag or brush, rubbing briskly.

(127)

128 VALUABLE RECIPES.

To Get Rid of Little Ants. — Use salt and water freely
where they infest.

Washing Fluid. — Borax, one pound; soda, one pound ; dis-
solve in two gallons of hot water. Put the clothes in the tub,
cover them with water containing a half gallon of the fluid,
and let 6tand over night.

For Toothache, Headache, Neuralgia, and Rheumatio
Pains. — Make a liniment of the following preparations:
One ounce of tincture of Araonia, one oun^e tincture of cam-
phor, one ounce oil of organum, one-half ounce oil of cedar,
one ounce oil of hemlock, and one quart linseed oil ; mix all
together, put it in a bottle and shake well. Directions for
using. Apply the liniment freely to the affected parts, and
rub and bathe it as often as three or four times daily. For the
toothaehe, put a little on a piece of cotton, and put it in the
tooth, and rub it on the jaw of the patient. I have found this
to be one of the best liniments in use.

For Cuts and Bruises on Man or Beast. — Take two ounces
tincture of camphor, two ounces linseed oil, one ounce of tur-
pentine ; mix all together, and apply to the afFected parts.

For Pickling Beef. — To 100 pounds of beef take one gal-
lon of salt, three-fourths of a pound of sugar, three ounces
black pepper ground ; add together, put ail in a kettle con-
taining three gallons of water ; boil slowly, and skim occa-
sionally. Pack the beef in tight tubs, and cover with the
brine.

DIRECTORY

OF

VERMILLION COUNTY

FOE 1874.

TO OUR PATRONS.

Sickness has interfered very provokingly in the work of get-
ting out Vermillion County Directory and Guide, and we will
have to ask for liberal allowances for any apparent defects.

The work done, however, is not sufficiently patronized to
make the enterprise profitable, and yet we have not in any sense
slighted it on this account.

Our aim has been to do full justice to each township of the
county, and to gather the names of the citizens of the county
generally, and yet in some instances we have no doubt failed
because we had no guides to lead us back to those we had acci-
dentally passed. Still, take it all in all, we think we have done
well, and are able to present to the citizens of Vermillion county
the ablest and most satisfactory Guide Book yet published in
the State. We feel, after all, that we have done our duty.

HISTORICAL SKETCH

OF

VEEMILLION COUNTY.

PREPARED EXPRESSLY FOR THIS VOLUME.

W. W. HIBBEN, Historian.

The county of Vermillion, which is one of the most fertile of
any in the State, is worthy of special notice for its interesting
historical record, its beautiful physical scenery, its agricultural
products, and for its rich and immense mineral resources.*

It is bounded on the north by Warren county; on the east
by Fountain and Parke counties, with the channel of the Wa-
bash river as its boundary line ; on the south by Vigo county,
and on the west by Edgar and Vermillion counties, of the State
of Illinois. It is thirty-six miles long, and varies in breadth
from five to ten miles, with an average of a little less than

*The fine and very appropriate map of Vermillion county, which was
gotten up in 1872 by James Tarrance, we have found to be our best guide
in giving our topographical sketches of this beautiful county. This map
is geographically correct and affords at a bird's-eye view a complete out-
line of every township, section, village and improvement. The thanks
of Vermillion are certainly largely due Mr. Tarrance for the production
of this appropriate map of this county.

132 VERMILLION COUNTY.

seven miles, thus including an area of two hundred and forty-
nine square miles.

Of this area from one-fourth to one-third consists of the rich
productive bottoms and terraces of the valleys of the Wabash
and its affluents, the Big and Little Vermillions, and Norton
Creek.

TOPOGRAPHICALLY,

Its attractions of beautiful, picturesque scenery are equal to any
other county in the State. The modest meanderings of the
classic old Wabash, which ever and anon are hiding their sil-
very waters away amid the luxurious foliage of the forest trees,
give to its eastern border a lineal presentation of romantic
beauty such as attracts universal attention ; while the long range
of bench-hills, which skirt the west of this garden valley, throw
along its railroad line a continued display of panoramic, rural
beauty, which, without any coloring, might be termed "the
lovely valley of the West."

The main terrace, or second bottom, is especially developed
between Perryville and Newport — an order of nature resulting,
probably, from the combined action of the two main affluents,
which join the Wabash within these limits.

The terrace is here from one to four miles wide, furnishing a
broad stretch of rich farming lands, and has an average eleva-
tion of about forty feet above the more immediate bottoms.

Below the town of Newport, the bluffs approach the river so
closely that this famed terrace is almost obliterated, and even
the bottoms become somewhat narrowed and unattractive.

At the mouth of Little Raccoon Creek, the bottoms set in
again in a wider form, though the terrace assumes no considera-
ble extent until we reach the head of Helt Prairie, about six

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 33

miles north of Clinton, whence it stretches southward with an
average width of from two to three miles. It narrows again
about three miles below Clinton, as we approach the mouth of
Brouillet's Creek and the county line.

THE AZTEC MOUNDS.

The fact that these whole beautiful regions were once, per-
haps, densely inhabited by an extinct race, gives, even now, an
interest to the country that inspires one with a sort of reveren-
tial awe as he looks out upon the numerous "mounds " which
still lift their quiet and unpretending elevations, here and there,
after having been washed by the rain storms of centuries, as if
they were, or had been preserved by the Grand Architect of the
universe Himself, that all succeeding generations of people might
learn that any race which might thereafter become denizens of
this lower world,

" Build too low, who build beneath the skiei."

In company with Hon. John Collett, an intelligent gentle-
man of this county, and to whom we are indebted for a vast
amount of our historical notes, we visited a number of these
mounds which lay thickly scattered over his farm, as if there
the ancient Aztec had once held empire when his race was in
the zenith of their glory. The lost history of this once won-
derful people can now only be gathered up in scattered and
broken fragments as they are seen, at the present time, over
the various plains of the West.

What precise purpose these mounds were built for, of course
may now only be guessed at. But the evidence is sufficient
to satisfy any one that they were in some way connected with
the burial of their dead. At least there are evidences of such

134 VERMILLION COUNTY.

use to be found in the fact that bones are found in nearly all
of them that have been examined. Still these bones may have
belonged to the subsequent race of the red man who, as is
supposed, exterminated the former.

These mounds are of different circumferences and of various
hights. None that we have seen, save those at Marietta, Ohio,
are of any remarkable elevation at the present time. Whether
all these works had their origin among the Indians, or are the
monumental relics of a lost race, such as the Aztecs, is a his-
torical question which as yet has never been satisfactorily
settled.

Looking over those in Vermillion county, and remembering
that they may be thousands of years old, one would naturally
presume that they had some connection with war or were
intended as burial places for the dead.

In his able report of 1870, Prof. John Collett says:

"When first explored by the white race this county was oc-
cupied by savage Indians, without fixed habitations, averse to
labor, and delighting only in war and the chase. Their misty
traditions did not reach back to a previous people or age.

" But numerous earth-works are found in this region, of such
extent as to require, for their construction, time and the persist-
ent labor of many people. Situated on the river bluffs, their lo-
cation combines picturesque scenery, susceptibility of defense,
and convenience to transportation, water, and productive lands.

These ;ire not requisites in the nomadic life of the red man, and
identify the Mound Builders as a more ancient and partially
civilized and agricultural people."

Here in Vermillion, these mounds, though not so high as in
other parts, may be counted by hundreds.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1 35

Prof. Collett says, ' ' that over one hundred of these small
mounds, from two to four feet high, may be seen about one
mile north-west of Middletown, in Vigo county."

On the Hunt farm, conical knolls of loess have been artificially
rounded and used for sepulchral purposes. One of these con-
tained at the summit, seventy feet above its base, a burial vault,
three stories high ; on each floor from five to seven human skel
etons were found.

On Mr. Drake's lands, in the same county, there are two large
mounds, one two hundred feet in diameter and eighteen feet
high ; the other twenty-eight feet high, covering an elliptic base
one hundred and eighty feet wide and three hundred feet long.
The contents of the two mounds amount to nearly 30,000 cubic
yards, and at present contract prices for earth-work would cost
five thousand dollars.

"All the mounds which have come under my notice," con-
tinues Mr. Collett, "are located so as to secure an out-look
toward sunrise, confirming the belief that the fires of the sun-
worshippers have blazed upon every mound-capped eminence
in the great valley of the Continent."

That these mound-builders were worshippers of the sun is
circumstantially probable, and that these mounds in some way
were used as cemeteries of the dead is as fully corroborated, as
the ashes and mineralized bones of the mound-builders have
been found at their base, while near the surface the remains of
the more modern red man have been discovered.

The lands of this Western Hemisphere, it seems, have not
been left without their inhabitants. Their histories are re-
corded in the ruined wrecks of their ancient temples as seen in

I36 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Central America, and in the mounds and grand earth-works
of the plains and terraces of the great North. To their labors
and mode of living many attribute the beautiful prairie sceneries
of the West. What they did, showed that they were endowed
with the intelligence of an honorable enterprise in accordance
with their attainments in civilization, and their mysterious dis-
appearance and total extinction tell us that they, like ourselves,
were only mortal, and that this life at best is only a temporary
scene.

To look now upon all that is left of these ancient denizens of
our country may be mournful and melancholy, but yet it has a
lesson in it, as far as it goes, as deep as the philosophy of
human life, and as full of the moral of eternal truth as even the
stereotyped letters of our present inspired volumes.

THE SAVAGE RED MAN.

Even the record of the red man is wrapped in mystery.
Hence his origin, like his own wild spirit, has never been fully
or satisfactorily comprehended. A native of the woods, he par-
took for ages of the savage wildness of the ferocious beasts of
the forests, and making his living by hunting the weaker animals
than himself — blood became his chief currency of trade, and he
grew familiar with barbarity and savage warfare long before the
white man crossed his path. What he was in history and in the
long genealogy of his tribes, we of the present day can not now
tell. It is only in cotemporary history that we read anything
of his doings, and therefore we are left to class him in his origin
with the mound builders or the Aztecs, whose records are only
seen in the dilapidated ruins of the past ages.

With but few exceptions, the settlement of the whites, all

HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1 37

over the continent, has been associated with the conflicts of sav-
age warfare, where neither age nor sex was respected, or the
laws of civilized warfare regarded.

The savage claimed the whole boundless continent as his, and
so indeed it was, and when the white man came upon his hunt-
ing ground he declared him an intruder, and made war upon
him — just as we civilized people would do now. But the Indian
was a savage, with no knowledge of the arts and sciences and
the higher Christian civilizations of the white man. Hence, he
must be driven out in some way — if it even had to be done by
war. The improvidence of the Indian, together with his savage
barbarities opened the way to apparently justify the white man's
attack, and the receding footsteps of the red man have long told
the results of the conflict. The light of the western sun directed
his retreating footsteps until he lost his vested rights, and now
it may be said of him, live where he may, that he is only a " ten-
ant at will." The white man now owns the continent.

When the white man first came to this grand Wabash Valley,
he found it everywhere populated with various savage tribes.
Here and there were their wigwam villages, while forest and
prairie, creeks and rivers, mountains and valleys, constituted
their unlimited hunting grounds.

The coming of the white man among them made them fear,
for they knew he had fire-arms, powder and lead, while they
only had the bow and arrow, the tomahawk and scalping-knife.
The white man's weapons they dreaded in open battle, and
hence they early adopted the guerrilla mode of warfare, which
soon educated the whites to hunt him down and put him to
death as if he had been but a wild beast.

138 VERMILLION COUNTY.

The southern portion of this county was occupied, when first
visited by the white man, by the Pi-4nka-shaw tribe of the
Miami nation; and the northern part by the Kickapoo and Pot-
tawattomies— subdivisions of the same tribe. Their common
headquarters or treaty grounds were at the village which the
whites called Springfield, south of Eugene. At this point trea-
ties were made with the English and French colonial governors,
and even after the county began to be settled old pioneers
remember seeing on ordinary occasions a thousand Indians
assembled there.

The early French missionaries visited these regions of the
Wabash, with the hope and purpose of converting the Indians
to Christianity, about me year 1670.

A French trading-post was established at an early day here,
called La Chappelle, by Monsieur Laselle, the father of Hon.
Charles Laselle, who is now one of the distinguished and worthy
lawyers of the city of Logansport, Cass county.

Another trading post was subsequently established on the
farm now owned by Hon. John Collett.

In the year 1790, the Indians of this region, while acting only
on the defensive, were attacked at their village by Major Ham-
tramck, who commanded a force from "The Old Post" — Vin-
cennes. The*ir village was situated on the lands since con-
stitutwg'a part of the farm of the late Colonel Shelby, near
where Eugene is now located. The entire Indian village was de-
stroyed and most of the inhabitants indiscriminately massacred.
It was not a matter of wonder, therefore, that the Indians of
these dgions subsequently took part in the battles of Fallen
Timber and of Tippecanoe.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 39

James Blair, a soldier of the war of 1812, and Isaac Coleman,
who were among the first as well as most distinguished of the
early pioneers of this portion of the Wabash, settled three miles
south of what is now the village of Eugene in the year 18 18.
They formed an intimate acquaintance with the Indians, and
lived in friendship with them for a number of years. It fre-
quently fell to their lot to act as peace-makers between the
Indians and what were termed the "Border Ruffians," who
were much the worse class of the two. These old pioneers
always spoke in the highest terms of Se-Sepp (Si-Siep), the
last Chief, who lived in the vicinity, and who was said to be
one hundred and ten years old when he was foully murdered
by a renegade Indian of his own tribe.

Like the fading of the autumn leaves, the aborigines of the
forest died away. The guns of the white man frightened the
game from their hunting grounds, and the virtue of' a dire
necessity called upon them to emigrate, to make room for the
ax and plow, the cabin and the school house o£ the incoming
white man. ■*

EARLY PIONEERS.

Among the first settlers who came to this part of the Wabash
before the county of Vermillion was organized, were the Groe-
nendykes, Colemans and Colletts.

John Groenendyke, the father of James and Samuel, and the
grandfather of Hon. John Groenendyke, and his cousin Samuel;
now living at Eugene, and also the grandfather of the present
Colletts, came from near Ovid, Gte&apa county, New York, first
to Terre Haute in 1818, and to this region in 18 19. He settled
on the Big Vermillion river, where Eugene now stands, and
where his son James built a mill subsequently, of very fine

140 VERMILLION COUNTY.

water capacity for that early day, which was esteemed by the

new immigrants as one of the most substantial hopes of the

settlement. This Groenendyke family is among the oldest in

America, having emigrated from Holland to New Amsterdam,

and settled among the Knickerbockers in h&yQ.

John was the first generation of this family to strike for Indi-
ct v
ana, bringing with him his sons, James and Samuel, who were

long known here as enterprising farmers and business men, and
who did much to build up the country, and to establish a good
order of civil society. These men appeared not to know or
think they were making history, and therefore they have, like
many others, passed away without having left those more defin-
ite records, which the present generation would be proud to
have, as the memorable relics of the pioneer age. James Groe-
nendyke died in 1856.

The cabin and forest history of the earliest settlers of the
West involves the most interesting records of the State, and yet
much of it has gone down into the grave with the pioneer him-
self. There was no Homer to sing the song of his battles, and
no chronicler even to make a note of his toils and sacrifices.
His children chiefly remember him, and even they speak of him
only in the terms of modesty, lest they excite the envy or criti-
cisms of some pigmy cynic who lives only for himself. It has
been said that ' ' he who makes two blades of grass grow where
only one grew before, is a benefactor." There is certainly solid
philosophy in the declaration, and the deduction should be made
that the honorable mention of any of these good old pioneers is
history deservedly and well told.

James Amour, who was one of the early pioneers of Vermil-
lion, and who assisted James Groenendyke in the erection of his

HISTORICAL SKETCH. HI

first mill, yet lives. In the simple complacency of a green old
age he lives to see the living progress of the third generation,
with no regrets of the past, and with no fault to find with the
present or future.

William Thompson, the father of James, John and Andrew
Thompson, and of Mrs. Col. Jane Shelby, came to the Wabash
from Pennsylvania in 1822, and settled at Thompson's Spring,
one mile south of Eugene. If we had the full data of these
men and families we should be pleased to give them in detail ;
but we have not, and hence are compelled to stop at only a brief
mention. But the numerous broad acres of rich, productive
soil, owned by these families, tell, not only of their prosperity,
but give good evidence of their industry and frugality, as well
as of their early settler good fortunes. The blessings of the
fathers have descended upon the sons and daughters to the third
generation ; and endowed, as they now are, it is to be hoped so-
ciety will be made better on account of their wealth, and that
the nobility of a generous hospitality and true christian charity
will never want a name among them.

John Collett came to Indiana, with his sons Josephus and
Stephen, from Huntington county, Pennsylvania, in the
year 1818, and to the county of Vermillion in 1825.
He was an old man when he came here, for he had
served under Washington in the battles of the Revolution of
1776, when he was but eighteen years old, and bore in his mien
the soldier's bold spirit, and though advanced in years, he led
his sons to this beautiful Eldorado of the West, where he could
point them to a promised land of wealth and prosperity, which
they could not hope to find in the old Keytsone State.

142 VERMILLION COUNTY.

He began merchandizing first at Clinton, and then at the Little
Vermillion Mills, where he rendered himself useful as a citizen
and popular as a man. He served as Agent of the county in
selling lots in the town of Newport, the county seat, and entered
for himself several choice pieces of land, which have remained
in the hands of the family for three generations. He died at
Eugene in 1834, aged seventy-two.

Josephus Collett, Sr., was the son of John, and the father of
William, who now live back of the village of Eugene, the pos-
sessors of some two thousand acres of the rich lands of this
county. Josephus, Sr., was one of the marked men in this
community. Born in Huntington county, Pennsylvania, in the
year 1787, he moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 18 16, and was
appointed Deputy Sheriff of Ross county the same year, and
two years afterward was elected to the same office. After
having served out the term of his Sheriffalty, he was appointed,
in 1820, Deputy United States Surveyor by Gov. Tiffin, then
Surveyor General of the Northwestern Territory, and in his
capacity as Deputy Surveyor he surveyed a district of country
which embraces a large part of the counties of Parke, Vigo,
Hendricks, Montgomery and Putnam. In November, 1815, he
joined Ohio Lodge, No. 30, A. F. & A. Masons, at Franklinton.
At that time there was no Lodge at Columbus, and the Frank-
linton Lodge was subsequently removed to Columbus and was
called Columbus Lodge, No. 30.

In 1825, Mr. Collett removed to Vermillion county, Indiana,
where he continued to reside till the time of his death. He
died of dropsy at his residence near Eugene, February 21st,
1872, aged 85.

During the early part of his residence in this county, Mr.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I43

Collett was an active participant in the politics of the county
and in all matters of general and public interest. He was a
man of sagacity and prudence in the management of his prop-
erty, hence, though starting out in life with but little, he
amassed a fortune of $130,000, the comforts of which he en-
joyed in his old age. He used to say that "the young man
who won't dig and work himself will never become wealthy ;
for it is grubbing for one's self that teaches economy." He
simply meant to say that a man should not be ashamed of or
shrink from doing whatever his occupation requires to be done.

Stephen S. Collett, Sr., father of John, Stephen S. , and
Josephus, who all live in this county, was also born in Hunting-
ton county, Pennsylvania. He had a family of ten children,
eight of whom are still living. He was a pay-master, with the
title of Major, in the war of 18 12. In his business life he was
active and full of enterprise as farmer, merchant and pork
packer. He shipped his pork to New Orleans in flat boats
down the Wabash. He was the proprietor of the village of
Eugene. He served several terms in the Indiana Senate, rep-
resenting the counties of Parke, Vermillion and Warren. He
had the honor of being one of the nine that, amid jeers and
twits, voted against the internal improvement bill of 1836. He
died at Indianapolis, while a member of the Senate, in the
year 1843.

Among the early settlers at Walnut Grove were Zeno Worth
and Shuble Gardner, from North Carolina. Mr. Worth selected
some good lands which have been held by his family to the
fourth generation. One of his daughters — Mrs. Dr. Coffin,,
who still lives near Walnut Grove — is now one of "the old
relics."

144 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Judge John R. Porter was born in Berkshire county, Massa-
chusetts, February 22, 1796, and attended the Episcopal Acad-
emy in Pittsfield, of that State. He entered Union College,
New York, under the presidency of Dr. Nott, in 18 13, from
which he graduated in 18 15, taking the first honors of his class.
He then entered upon the study of law, and in 18 18 became a
partner of his preceptor. At that time reports filled the air of
fortunes easily made in South America, and he sought passage
to Rio Janeiro. But before he got off a revolution broke out in
Buenos Ayres, which changed his plans, and the spring of 18 19
found him on his way to the far West.

Armed with letters of introduction to Henry Clay and others,
he landed in Louisville, Kentucky, in December, 1819. Find-
ing nothing to induce him to remain there, he struck out for
Indiana, stopping at Paoli, in Orange county, where he put up
his law "shingle" to vindicate the rights of the people.

Soon after this he made the acquaintance of Charles Dewey
and others of the bar, who became his life-long friends. Clients
came and business followed, though at that period the labors of
the bar were arduous, as those who practiced law had to travel
the judicial circuits on horseback, and often over the most mis-
erable of roads.

Mr. Porter was commissioned Postmaster at Paoli in 1822,
which was the first office he ever filled. In 1825 he was ap-
pointed Circuit Judge, and the same year was one of the com-
missioners to locate the seat of justice of Fountain county,
which was formed from the counties of Montgomery and Wa-
bash. He was married to Miss Mary Worth, November 13,
1825. The legislative changes of his judicial circuit were so
frequent and so great, that he held courts during his term of

HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1 45

service from the counties on the Ohio river to those of the lakes.
In 1832, he assisted in making a treaty with the Indians,
where, surrounded by three or four hundred red men, some
dressed in the richest of clothing, artfully and elaborately orna-
mented ; while others, in squalor, rags and vermin, gathered in
the crowd, while one of them in his speech wrought himself
into such a rage that he seized the minutes of the council from
the secretary's table and tore them furiously into fragments.
Fortunately his ire was subdued, and he was brought back to
stolid equanimity of temper again by a few trifling trinkets,
which greatly diverted the Judge, as he thought it the finest
forensic farce he had ever witnessed.

Many of the early courts of Judge Porter were held in private
residences, selected by the Legislature. With such men as Law,
Blake, Dewey, Bryant, Blackford, Hannegan and Evans, Judge
Porter assisted in laying the foundation of Indiana jurisprudence,
and of these and other distinguished associates he ever spoke
kindly until the day of his death.

In 1833, by an act of the Legislature, organizing the Eighth
Judicial District, he was greatly relieved by having his Circuit
cut down to a civilized boundary, which gave him more time to
be at home with his family, which he loved so well.

His term as Circuit Judge expired in 1837, and he was after-
ward elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the coun-
ties of Parke and Vermillion, which office he held at the time of
his death, April 23d, 1853, aged fifty-seven years. He was a
citizen of this county from 1H26 — twenty-seven years. His
sons, John W., Isaac and C. D., are among the most prominent
and wealthy citizens of the county. They still retain the pater-
10

I46 VERMILLION COUNTY.

nal inheritance, which is one of the richest and most sightly-
farms in this broad and beautiful valley.

Judge Rezin Shelby who was, while living, one of the promi-
nent citizens of this county, came here about the year 1824.
His wife was a Thompson, and came to the county in 1822.
They lost a valued son in the army of the war of 1861, Major
David Shelby, who was a gallant officer, and did his duty fear-
lessly and faithfully up to the period of his death. His widowed
mother, Mrs. Jane Shelby, still resides on the old place. Their
lands are among the most valuable of the Wabash Valley.

There are many other families in this county whom we would
have been glad to see enrolled in this connection, but we have
no notes of their history and therefore are forced to silence even
where worth and virtue have been prominent. In our township
histories we have others to speak of who were taken in that
order, and we can not now transfer them.

Judge John M. Coleman was at one time known as a promi-
nent citizen of this county, and though he did not die here, he
left behind him a record of honor and usefulness which should
give him a place in Vermillion county history. His father,
James Coleman, was a soldier in the Revolution of 1776, and
also in the war of 181 2, and in fighting with the Indians it is
said that he received seven balls in his body and clothing in
one day's battle. Judge Coleman came to this place from
Virginia, and was long intimately associated with the old Col-
lett family. He helped to lay out the city of Indianapolis and
also the town of Terre Haute, and built the old Court House
of the latter city. Afterward moving to Iowa, he took the job
and finished the State House of Iowa City. He subsequently
died in Iowa City and was buried there.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I47

Lieutenent Henry Groenendyke, a son of James and brother
of John, moved by the impulses of patriotic ardor, enlisted in
the war of 1861, and went out with one of our Indiana Regi-
ments to do battle for the Union. The arduous services and
many privations of the camp and field wore heavily upon his
constitution, but still being unwilling to quit the field he was
detailed by General Sherman and placed in the Signal Corps at
Sherman's headquarters. But disease had already made such
inroads upon him that even his more favorable position failed to
give him back his health again, and he sank to death among the
war victims of 1863. His mortal remains were brought back-
to this, the place of his birth, where amid the deep emotions of
those who loved him and had known him from his youth, he
was solemnly interred in a soldier's grave.

CHARACTER OF THE TIMBER.

When these broad bottoms were first settled they were cov-
ered with heavy timber, except parts of the terrace land, which
being free from trees, was termed "prairie." It is probable,
however, as we have already intimated, that these ancient clear-
ings were a portion of the civilized progress of the Aztecs, or
mound builders. This seems to have been the conviction of
Prof. Bradley, an able geologist, who assisted Prof. Cox in mak-
ing a survey of this county in 1867. We are indebted to the
Professor for many valuable suggestions and observations, which
we have freely used, as the result of his inspections has become
the common property of the State. The Professor thinks it
probable that during the period when the Indians occupied this
country, their annual fires prevented the growing up of these
clearings. We think this possible, if the annual fires of the

I48 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Indians were not of themselves the primary cause of the prai-
ries. The Wabash river, running from north to south through
the count}', with most of its tributaries coming in from the west,
has given rich alluvial bottoms, which once, perhaps, were heav-
ily timbered. These bottoms are from one to three miles wide.
The first bottom is from twenty-five to thirty feet above low
water mark. The tributaries have bottom from one-half to a
mile wide. These were originally clothed with giant oak, wal-
nut, cotton-wood and hickory trees.

The small blue grass prairies, interspersed along these bot-
toms, being exceptions to the general rule of timber, made the
work of clearing very arduous to the primitive settlers. But
now that they are mostly cleared, they make one-tenth of
the county. The second bottoms, which are termed "terrace-
prairies," beginning at the north, are called Walnut, Mound,
Eugene or Sand, Newport and Helt's Prairies, and are, with the
brushy lands around them, from thirty-five to sixty-five feet
above low-water mark. The soil is black, sandy loam, producing
the richest crops of wheat, corn and grass, and in these respects
is considered the most reliable in their annual products of any
lands in the county. The well known "Walnut level," at the
outskirts, is bordered with walnut, sugar, maple and cherry
trees. These terraces comprise three-tenths of the county.

The center part of the county is heavily timbered with good
choice growth of hickory, sugar, maple, beech, white oak, wal-
nut, etc. , and has an elevation of two hundred and fifty to two
hundred and seventy feet above low water mark.

GRAND PRAIRIE— FRUIT, ETC.

The Grand Prairie region skirts the county on the west, and
is rich and gently rolling, and produces good crops of corn, oats

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I49

and grass. Nearly one-third of the county has an elevation of
two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet above the level of the
river. Good fruit, particularly apples, grows on all these lands.
The grass crop of the county may be noted as a specialty, par-
ticularly the blue grass. Prof. Collett exhibited for our inspec-
tion a sheaf which had been gathered off his farm, which meas-
ured four feet nine inches.

Newport, the county seat, has an elevation above the ocean
of five hundred and twenty feet, and the Wabash river opposite
four hundred and sixty-two feet.

COAL RESOURCES OF VERMILLION.

The coal supply of this county is beyond the comprehension
of the most calculating. Prof. Bradley, after making only a par-
tial survey of the county in 1869, says:

"The first subject to which the seeker for mineral wealth in
this county would turn his attention is the coal supply. The
first impression of even a superficial observer would be, that
there is a great abundance for all future demands ; and the final
conclusion of the scientific explorer must be that good coal can
now be mined profitably under at least one-half of the area of
the_ entire county, and ultimately under probably two-thirds of
the remainder. A thickness of eight feet would probably be a
small enough estimate for the coal underlying every foot of the
county. This would give, by the usual estimate of one million
to the square mile, for every foot of thickness, the amount of
1,950,000,000 tons, or 48,750,000,000 bushels, as the supply of
the county! "

A county so rich in soil as Vermillion, and so beautiful and
romantic in scenery ; so well watered and so productive in all

I50 VERMILLION COUNTY.

the healthy esculents of the West, and so unlimitedly wealthy
in its resources of rich bituminous and block coal, must have
before it ages of prosperity which no mathematician may calcu-
late or financier define.

The coal is here as an extra or surplus revenue, and although
the working of mines is yet in the infancy of its developments,
the time must soon arrive when furnaces, forges, rolling mills
and ever}- other conceivable establishment which works in iron,
and which uses coal, must see that such counties as this afford
facilities for manufacturing which can not fail to bring fortunes
such as other distant portions of the country can never possess.
The very freights such localities have to pay for ores and for
coal to run their machinery with, would soon amount to a for-
tune if it could be saved. The coal resources at the Horse
Shoe Bend of the Little Vermillion, furnish the liigJiest coal
measures of any other part of the country. At this point man-
ufactories might be established, communities of industry be
organized, whose products would enrich themselves and give a
life of enterprise through all these grand valleys. This is the
language of advice and counsel given by nature itself, and if
followed out with any ordinary perseverance, would give em-
ployment to thousands who could and would make honest and
happy livings for themselves and families, and thereby increase
the wealth of the country and enrich the State, which would be
a far more economical system, both of morals and finances,
than the present condition of inactive and useless monopolies.

Indeed it may be safety said that the coal, iron ore, and fire
brick clay, as it is commonly called, of this county of Vermil-
lion alone, would give employment, if the proper manufactories
were established, to a hundred thousand people. The crime of

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 5 I

inactivity — for it is a crime — lies at the doors of men of wealth —
men who have capital, but who hoard it in lands, stocks, bonds
and banks, instead of making it active in the way of industrial
enterprises. These beautiful valleys might be peopled with
happy communities of artizan industry, where peace and plenty
would serve as protectors of the public virtue, and this grand
Vermillion valley be made the Andalusian garden spot of the
State.

The coal fields of Clay, Green, Owen, and other counties of
the southern part of the State, may be fully equal, or even su-
perior to those of Vermillion, but none of these counties have
the topographical and physical advantages of this beautiful Wa-
bash county, and therefore they would not be as pleasant and
sightly for thickly populated homes, for industrious artizans, as
Vermillion presents in a hundred different localities.

Hitherto this Wabash valley, with the exception of a few
scattering and modest villages, has been wholly given up to ag-
ricultural pursuits, and until the building of the Evansville,
Terre-Haute & Chicago Railroad, the Wabash River was their
only resource of transportation. Hence the country all along
this beautiful little river, for years remained almost in statu quo.
Farms, it is true, were improved, and agriculture was conducted
on a pretty fair line of progress ; but still in many respects the
country stood still. But the opening of the coal trade, and the
institution of splendid railroad facilities, have now brought them
to a new era of enterprize and progress, and it might be said
that the sun of their prosperity has just now risen above its east-
ern horizon — that their day of action has just come — albeit there
are still many of the old " pod-auger " denizens living along the
valley, who have eked out a tolerably fair living by raising a

152 VERMILLION COUNTV

patch of corn and a little " garden sass, '' while there are others
in the villages dwelling in content with the mere meagre show
of " independent poverty " — who perhaps do not know that they
have around them a country, built by Nature, far richer than
the lands of Ophir or the gold regions of Golconda. With as
good soil as can be found in the United States, and as lovely
valleys as are seen in the West, with their vast coal fields under-
lying almost every acre of land in the county, they have only
to wield the resources which God and nature have given them,
to exhibit to the industrious and commercial world as extensive
and productive manufacturing establishments, and as large and
prosperous commercial enterprises, as may or can be realized
in the country.

To depend on making money and building up the country by
the poor policy of shipping all their coal to other points to sus-
tain manufactories elsewhere, can only be compared to the folly
of another Western policy, viz: the shipping of all our wool to
Eastern markets and then buying all our clothing, ready made
at that, from the Eastern manufactories.

But we need not argue the question of Vermillion county
enterprise here. This is not the place for it. We are only
aiming at brief histories and the presentation of the resources of
the county, and the matter of future activities and of future
home manufactories we must leave in the hands of the leading,
wealthy men of the county, and to the general enterprize of the
capitalists of the whole country.

The geological explorations of Professors Cox, Bradley and
Collett, have brought before the eyes of the State and of the
world sufficient knowledge of the vast mineral resources of this
county, to show that Vermillion has in it, over it and under it

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 53

as many of the rich gifts of nature as any other county within
the limits of the State.

FIRE BRICK CLAY.

The fire brick and terra cotta works of Messrs. Burns, Porter
& Co., of this county, located at Hillsdale, on the line of the
Evansville, Terre Haute & Chicago Railroad, one mile west of
Montezuma, deserve to be classed among the wonderful pro-
ductive and artistic operations of the west.

These works have only been in operation a few years, and
already they have demonstrated the fact that the fire brick made
here are the very best manufactured in the country. They have
been thoroughly tested by being placed in a bridge wall of a
puddling furnace along with the justly celebrated Mt. Savage
fire brick, and they withstood this trying test during a period
of more than seven weeks, in a state of perfect preservation,
after which time they were no longer noticed, as the wall ap-
peared to be sound. The average duration of time which the
best known fire brick stand in a similar situation is nine weeks,
consequently we may expect from this deposit a fire brick which
will successfully compete with any article made in the United
States.

This clay has the rare and desirable quality of drying without
cracking or warping, and with but little shrinkage. A crucial
test was made in the hottest fires possible, with a common fur-
nace, to glaze or melt it, but without success, which indicates
th.it it is clear, or nearly so, from alkali and other objectionable
substances. These tests with brick rudely made by hand were
deemed so satisfactory that the proprietors felt justified in
beginning operations for manufacturing fire brick, etc., on a
large scale.

154 VERMILLION COUNTY.

They have visited fire brick factories in the Eastern States,
and purchased machinery of the latest and best models to be
found, including a fire clay grinding mill, which has a roller that
weighs four thousand pounds, and is capable of reducing a
quantity of clay sufficient to make four thousand bricks per day.
This mill and other machinery is driven by a twenty-four horse
power engine.

The great and rapidly increasing demand for these bricks is
such that the proprietors are making their arrangements to so
enlarge their works and to increase their facilities, as to be able
to supply any demand which may be made upon them. Their
present facilities for manufacturing are fourteen thousand per
week. They are now increasing them to twenty-two thousand
per week, and even this, as may be seen, is only the "beginning
of the end. "

The works of this establishment are even now the most con-
veniently arranged of any manufacturing works of any sort we
have ever seen.

Situated at the foot of the hill, within a few steps of the rail-
road, in the opening of a hollow, the material for their work is
mined out above, and is dumped down upon the floor, where it
is ground, after which it is dumped again down upon the mould-
ing and drying floor.

There is also a fine vein of coal in the same hill, high above
the works, which is mined and dumped down to the furnace in
the same manner.

The deposit of fire clay is inexhaustible. It is seven feet
thick, four feet of which is of a very superior quality, from
which is made their No. I brick.

HISTORICAL SKETCH. 155

The shipment of these brick is rapidly becoming a prominent
commodity of transportation from this county, and as the de-
mand hitherto has been greater than the supply, the prospect is
that it will soon grow to be immense.

The Terra Cotta Work, which is being manufactured at this
establishment, is a feature of artistic creation, which cannot fail
to attract very general attention. It is neat and smooth, taste-
ful and beautifully ornamental, and can be made of every order,
style and purpose. The parties who own, and who are directing
this establishment, have the enterprise and ability, as well as
ample means to build up a very large business.

The indications, indeed, are that the Goddess of Art, as well
as the Vulcan of Metals, once had homes among these romantic
Vermillion hills.

THE EVANSVILLE, TERRE HAUTE AND CHICAGO RAILROAD.

Through the energetic and persevering efforts chiefly of
Josephus Collett, Jr., this important thoroughfare was com-
pleted from Terre Haute to Danville, Illinois, in 1870. Of
course there were many obstacles to encounter in accomplishing
such an enterprise, but whatever they were they are all over-
come, and the people owe to its chief manager and friend a
debt of gratitude which it will be difficult for them to pay.
Mr. Collett, however, makes no demands upon the public
gratitude, for he feels that he is fully paid for all services ren-
dered when he sees the road, as he now does, in "the full tide
of successful operation," and comparing with any other in the
State.

Running through as beautiful valleys of lands as any the
Wabash contains, where industry and the agricultural improve-
ments of the age have made almost the entire country a flower

156 VERMILLION COUNTY.

garden of verdure and beauty, the scenery along the full length
of the road can not but feast the eye of the traveler, while the
regularity and substantial smoothness of the entire track will not
fail to make the impression that it has been well built and is
well managed, and will compare favorably with any other road
in the West. Connecting directly, as it does, at Danville, 111.,
with the Danville and Chicago Railway, it is properly a com-
plete and immediate north and south road from Evansville to
Chicago.

As President of this road, Mr. Collett shows his capacity to
manage as well as build such a thoroughfare, and while the
management remains in the same hands its healthful interests
and success need not be doubted.

George Penn and W. D. Guernsey, conductors, whom we
have met on this road, are modest, business gentlemen, who
merit the confidence of their present eminent standing.

This road has thirteen stations within the bounds of Vermil-
lion county, all of them at present small in population, but the
enterprize of the coming years will no doubt greatly enlarge
them.

INDIANA AND ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD.

This is a new road, of which H. B. Hammond is President,
and is now completed from Decatur, Illinois, to Montezuma,
in Parke county. Its Indiana division will pass through Parke,
Hendricks and Marion counties, to Indianapolis. This latter
portion we learn will soon be put under contract and completed
to our State capital, making another addition to its already
superior railroad center.

The completion of this road will add no little to the opening
up of the mineral wealth of this county, as it passes directly

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 57

through a portion of its richest coal fields and unexplored stone
quarries, and near the inexhaustable beds of fire brick clay,
thus opening the way to industrious enterprises where fortunes
will be made for thousands in the coming years.

AGRICULTURAL SPECIALTIES.

The agricultural products of this county, in connection with
its general wealth, furnish good evidence of its prosperity, as
well as of its industry, enterprise, and rich productive power.
The farmers we have met in the county are men of more than
the ordinary culture and intelligence ; quite a number of them
we found to be good scholars and well posted in all the affairs
of general business, commercial interests, the economy of gov-
ernment, and with the modern developments and improvements
in agriculture. It is not, therefore, strange that Vermillion
county is in a state of good cultivation, and presents to the eye
of an intelligent observer as much domestic and rural comfort
and beauty as any other county in the State.

It will be seen from the following exhibits, which we gather
from the Ninth Census Reports for 1870, that the agricultural
interests of the county are well sustained in every department :

PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE.

Number of acres of land improved, . . . 87,558

Unimproved woodlands, . . . . . * 62,065

Other unimproved lands, . . . . . 613

Cash value of farms, ..... $4,148,925

Farming implements, etc., ..... 98,358

Wages paid for, ...... 82,935

Estimated value of farm productions, . . . 892,741

Orchard products, . . . . . . 13,819

158

VERMILLION COUNTY.

Forest products, ....

Value of home manufactures,

Value of animals sold or slaughtered,

Value of live stock,

Number of horses,

Number of mules, .

Number of milch cows,

Working oxen, . . . .

Other cattle, ....

Number of sheep, .

Number of swine,

Bushels of wheat raised,

Bushels of rye,

Bushels of Indian corn,

Bushels of oats, ....

Bushels of barley, .

Bushels of buckwheat,

Tobacco, pounds, . . . .

Wool, pounds, ....

Bushels of peas and beans,

Bushels of Irish potatoes,

Bushels of sweet potatoes,

Gallons of wine, ....

Butter, pounds, . . . .

Tons of hay, ....

Maple sugar, pounds,

Gallons of sorghum molasses,

Gallons of maple molasses,

Honey, pounds,

$8,756

3,88i

241,419

597.764

5- 55-i
292

2,278

17
4.865

•3.552

• 4-047
261,250

2,440
598,322

54,257
166

235
290

44,595

289

33,^7

222

20

145,253

9,659
10,485

io,593
i,34i
3,415

HISTORICAL SKETCH. I 59

TAXATION STATISTICS.

Assessed value of real estate, .... $3,163,000
Assessed value of personal property, . . 1,632,000

Total assessment, ..... $4,795,000

True valuation, ..... 10,000,000

Taxation for the State, . . . . . 21,383

Taxation for the County, .... 79-435

Taxation for the Townships, . . . . I3»853

Total, . . , . . . . $114,621

FREIGHT EXPORTS FOR 1874

Wheat, bushels, ....... 153,000

Corn, bushels, ...... 358,000

Other grain and seeds, bushels, .... 164,000

Flour, barrels, ...... 18,500

Cattle, head, ....... 7,800

Horses and mules, ...... 1,300

Hogs and sheep, ....... 52,300

Coal, bushels, ...... 1,050,000

Brick, ......... 420,000

Lumber, feet, ....... 530,000

Other products, car loads; . . . . . 235

Total population of the county, 12,939 — 81 colored.

Of the children of the county, 3,073 have attended school ;
418 can not read ; and 827 can not write among the adults. If
"ignorance is bliss," they have 1245 happy people in the
county.

William Skidmore, of Helt township, is the oldest person liv-
ing who was born in Vermillion county.

l6o VKRMILLION COUNTY.

GENERAL REMARKS

In gathering the historical facts of a county, it is remarkable
how little many know of their own home history ; and it is no
less strange to observe that many seem to care nothing about the
facts of the past, or the life struggles of the old pioneers, or even
of the sacrifices and toils of their own ancestors. Stolid and
stupid as the silent quietude of the toad by the wayside, they
sit in selfish contentedness, as if life itself was but an ignorant
negation, and it is as hard to get a historical fact out of such
folks as it is to drain the nectar of life from the body of a turnip,
or the light of nature from the eyelids of the night owl. In
this county, however, we have the pleasure of saying that we
have had every facility offered and all information given politely
and satisfactorily, and the result is, as will be seen, the historical,
agricultural, statistical and personal items of the "Guide Book"
of Vermillion County excel all the other counties which have
had a Guide Book published.

To our good friends — Hon. John Collett, Isaac Porter, Esq.,
Hon. John Groenendyke, and others, we are largely indebted
for many of the facts of this brief, and yet doubtless very im-
perfect history of Vermillion county.

EXHIBIT

OF

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

OF

VERMILLION COUNTY FOR THE FISCAL
YEAR ENDING MAY 30, 1874.

RECEIPTS.

On account of County revenue,

$18, 140 03

" Road revenue,

5.551 45

" Township revenue,

1,544 06

" Special school,

• 7.743 29

" Special tuition, ...

9.°°8 33

Dog,

733 32

" Tax sale redemption,

268 03

" Estrays, . . . .

1 1 25

" Ind. & 111. Central Railroad Co.,

• 213 79

#43,213 55

EXPENDITURES.

On account of Road revenue,

#3.354 46

" Township revenue,

1,309 36

II

102

VERMILLION COUNTY.

On account of Special school revenue,
Special tuition,

County Officers' fees and salaries,
Jurors, . . . . .

Bailiffs

Poor, .....

Criminals, ....

Public building's,

Coroner's inquests,

Roads and highways,

Tax sales redemption,

Assessing, ....

Bridges, .....

School Superintendent, .

Returning fines,

Courts, ....

Printing, ....

Books and stationery,

Taxes refunded,

Insane, .

Deaf and dumb,

House of Refuge,

Interest, ....

Dog revenue, ....

Attorney's fees,

Fuel, .....

86,377 35
8,608 7i

4.397 48

1,036 03

502 oo-

2,924 85

• 153 09
409 92

• 23 35

390 30
. 288 34

1.532 65

6,138 16

272 00

19 20

1,098 60

346 75

1.275 55

245 87

• 389 45
116 65

• 142 25
202 80
801 02

55 00
98 87
Specific and miscellaneous allowances, 250 50

#42,870 58
THOS. CUSHMAN, Auditor.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.

163

To the Board of Commissioners of Vermillion Co. , Indiana :

I herewith submit my annual report of the receipts and dis-
bursements of the county revenue for the fiscal year ending
June I, 1874:

RECEIPTS.

Vermillion County revenue,
Road revenue,
Township revenue,
Special School revenue,
Tuition, ....
Tax sale redemption,
Estrays,
Dog revenue,
Railroad,

DISBURSEMENTS.

On account of Poor,

" Interest on county order

" Insanity,

" Inquests,

Returning fines,

Tax sales,
" Officers,

" Assessors,

Stationery,

Bridges,

Bailiffs, .

Jurors,
" Public buildings,

Roads,

Fines,
" Fuel,

s,

$18,140

93

5,551

45

1,514

06

7,743

29

9,000

33

• 733

38

213

79

#43,214 05

#i,975 62-

905 70

286 30.

• 17 25,

. 8 85

39 ! 9L
1,283 S7
1,496 00
. 675 09.
4,206 16
334 56
• 750 6^
230 78
184 90'
10 30,
66 80.

t64

VERMILLION COUNTY.

On account of Printing, ....

" Courts, .....

" Tax refunded,

44 Attorneys, ....

Offices, ....

Deaf and dumb,

Railroad, ....
44 Criminals,

44 House of Refuge,

" County Superintendent,

44 Interest, county,

" Elections, ....

44 Extra tuition,

" Special school revenue,

" Road tax, ....

" Tuition tax,

<l Township tax,

" Dog tax, ....

Total, .....

Amount on hand June I, 1873,

Receipts to June I, 1874, ....

Total, ......

Amount of disbursements, ....

Amount railroad orders redeemed and not registered, 60,000 00

3I91 75

699 3i

224 73

74 00

• 5 65
1 16 65

13 75

32 10

109 6y

272 00

212 80

2 50

. 3,607 19

6,457 45
. 2,616 17

5,971 09

• i,330 97
824 65

#35.497 69

$66, 167 92

43,214 05

$109,381 97
#35,497 69

Total, #95,497 69

Balance on hand, .... $13,884 38

Examined and approved June 4, 1874, by

ABEL SEXTON,
B. W. RIGGS,
WILLIAM F. BALES,
Commissioners Vermillion County, Ind.

JAMES A. FOLAND,
Treasurer of Vermillion County.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 65

CLINTON TOWNSHIP.

This is the southern township of the county, and is bounded
on the north by Helt township, on the south by Vigo county,
on the east by the Wabash river, or the line of Parke county,
and on the west by the boundary of Illinois.

The soil of the township varies greatly in its general charac-
ter. The river bottoms are of the richest alluvial, while hill
lands are scarcely second quality. Yet, as a general thing the
lands of the township are good, and each acre is valuable, be-
cause of the immense mineral beds of coal underlying them.

There were in the township in 1870, 11,995 acres of land un-
der cultivation, valued at $694,610; while the uncultivated is
generally covered with good oak, poplar, walnut, beech, and
other kinds of timber of various qualities.

The live stock of 1870 was estimated at $94,430; farm pro
ductions at $142,922, and the number of bushels of Indiaa corn
at 98,095.

The improvements of the last four years have added largely
to these figures, as within this period they have been furnished
the advantages of railroad transportation, which have given new
impulses to every branch of business, and greatly increased the
area of their agricultural cultivation.

Within this period, also, a number of coal banks have been
opened, which are now being vigorously worked, and from which

l66 VERMILLION COUNTY.

heavy shipments are made of as good coal as perhaps can be
found in the State.

The coal of this township, it may be said, is just becoming a
vialty in their resources, for there are sufficient quantities of it,
of easy access and of good quality, to make its mining and ex-
portation a remunerative business.

The broad valleys of the Wabash, and those of Brouillets
Creek afford the richest soils of the township. The other lands,
however, which have been brought under cultivation, are found
to be both productive and profitable. The uplands are under-
laid with coal, while the lowlands are only chiefly distinguished
for their soil.

The earl)- settlement of this Wabash country was attended
with a good deal of sickness, as indeed was the case with most
of the broad valleys of the West. These diseases had to be
battled with by the first settlers, and of course many fell victims,
of men, women and children, to their pioneer enterprize. But
it has been found, as the country is cleared and a better class of
dwellings are erected, the general health will compare favorably
with any other portion of the State.

As near as we can ascertain, from the statements of old set-
tlers, it appears that the first inhabitants of the count}- came
from Fort Harrison. Among the first of these was John Van-
nest, who came to Vermillion countv about the year 1S16, se-

;ed his lands, and having purchased them at the " Vincennes
Land Sales," proceeded to remove at once with his family to
his new possessions. He first entered a quarter section, but the
whole section finally came into his hands, most of which is still
owned by his descendants. He had scarcely got pcrmanently
located in his frontier home, when he began to be troubled by

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. \6j

the Indians, who, although claiming to be at peace with the
whites, were apparently bent on preventing the occupation of
their hunting grounds by the settler. Previous to this time,
however, we are told that during a quarrel between two soldiers
at Fort Harrison, one of them discharged his weapon at the
other, but the ball missing the body of his opponent, lodged in
the person of an Indian squaw, killing her instantly. Where-
upon the enraged savages vowed to execute summary ven-
geance on the first white woman who should cross the Wabash.
Their hatred then, of course, was at once directed toward the
family of Vannest. They made two attempts to kill Mrs. Van-
nest, but were frustrated in their designs, once by a friendly
Indian, who had formed a strong attachment for the family, and
a second time by the timely interference of Mrs. Vannest's bro-
thers, who repulsed the redskins in a short conflict. But the
situation at this time seemed so precarious that Mr. Vannest
concluded to remove his wife and children back to the fort. He
did so, but returned at once to his land and commenced to clear
his farm, braving the danger with that courage and tenacity so
commonly exhibited by the early settlers of Indiana. The In-
dian troubles at length subsiding, his wife returned and lived in
peaceable enjoyment until her death. Their son, John Vannest,
was the first white child born in the county. And here let us
mention that from the section of land entered by John Vannest,
the elder, no less than forty-five men entered the service of their
country during the late war.

William Hamilton, another who can lay claim as being one of
the first families, settled in this township in March, 1818. His
son, John Hamilton, claims to have been in the county longer

l68 VERMILLION COUNTV

than any one now living. Wm. Hamilton, another son, is the
oldest person living who was born in Clinton county.

Capt. Swan, "an old boatman," and a prominent citizen, who
has made over sixty trips to New Orleans, on both "rafts" and
"flats," came to Vermillion county in 1823. The Captain sat
on the first jury impanncled in the county.

Among the early settlers of this township we may class Dr.
J. B. Hedges, who came here from New York with his father,
John W. Hedges, when a boy, in 1824. He grew to manhood,
studied medicine, and has practiced here some thirty years. He
has now measurably retired.

John R. Whitcomb came in 1831. He is now among the
venerables, and is highly esteemed all about here as "Uncle
John." His battles are fought, his fortune is made, and now
full of years, he waits his time.

William Harris, government surveyor, laid off the village of
Clinton in 18 18; and, in honor of De Witt Clinton, of New
York, gave it his name.

The growth of Clinton was exceedingly slow until the com-
pletion of the railroad, since which time it has been gathering
new life, and now bids fair to make quite a business place. It
lies fifteen miles north of Terre Haute, on the west bank of the
Wabash, and has all the advantages of a flourishing locality.
It is the largest town in the county, having one thousand inhab-
itants. It has five dry goods and three drug stores, four pro-
vision stores, four grain warehouses, from which large quantities
of grain are shipped annually, two flouring mills, and no saloon !
The physicians of the place arc Drs. Corkins, Crozier, Bogart
and Stewart, who are said to be well read and safe practitioners.
John Whitcomb is the oldest merchant in the place, and J. M.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 69

Hager is called the most honest and best saddler and harness
maker in the county.

The first mercantile establishment in Clinton was opened by
John and Benjamin Whitcomb, in whose store could be had
almost anything from a Jews-harp to a barrel of salt, for spe-
cialties were unknown in those days, and merchants were
obliged to keep a general assortment.

The first post office was established here and conducted by
David Patton as postmaster. And here, upon the arrival of the
United States mail, which was usually carried by a dare-devil
bo5\ mounted upon a raw-boned, knock-kneed specimen of a
horse, the hardy pioneers gathered in anxious groups, to hear
the news from the outer world, and greedily they drank in each
item of interest ; for in those days the long intervals between
mails, often more than a month, made men hungry for news.

The first mill was built by John Beard about the year 18 19 or
1820, on Brouillets Creek, near the present site of Mr. Neb-
eker's mill. Beard also kept the first public house in Clinton.
Religious services had heretofore been held at the houses of the
settlers, but in 183 1 the Presbyterians built the first church, a
substantial structure, which, however, is now used for other
purposes.

Among the farming and stock raising citizens of this Wabash
valley it is our special duty, perhaps, to speak a few extra
words of Mr. Claude Matthews, whose Hazel Bluff farm some
three miles from Clinton, on the waters of Brouillets Creek, con-
tains the largest stock investment of any other farm on the Wa-
bash. The residence of Mr. Matthews is situated on a command-
ing bluff overlooking the broad valley of Brouillets Creek, which

I70 VERMILLION COUNTY.

borders the southern line of his lands, and presents as fine and
picturesque a bottom view as we have seen in the State. The
entire lands of Mr. Matthews — some two thousand acres — are
rich in soil, abundant in coal and well wooded with white-oak,
sugar tree, hickory and walnut. He has about five hundred
acres of his bottom lands in cultivation. His chief attention,
however, for several years, has been given to the raising of
blooded stock of the Short Horn and Bluff Ardric Breeds.
His stock has so increased on his hands that during the present
month he has a grand sale of his blooded animals which will
call hundreds of purchasers to his farm from all parts of the
West. Though not over thirty, Mr. Matthews has already
shown himself to be a thorough business man and capable of
the largest enterprises. Cool and cautious, plausible and of
the highest moral integrity, he makes no pretensions he can not
fullfil, and never asks for favors from friend or foe. He is a
valuable citizen in this community, and is every year becoming
more distinguished for his honorable dealings and generous
hospitalities.

Among the distinguished citizens of this township we may
name commendably, H. A. White and William O. Wash-
burn, Esqs., as having represented this county in the Legisla-
ture of the State.

Walter G. Crabb was born in Fayette county, Ohio, and
came to this locality in 1824. He lives on his farm three miles
from Clinton.

Some years ago Miriam G. Towsley erected a large frame
edifice in Clinton and opened a military institute, but from some
cause the enterprise proved a failure. The building is now used
as a boarding house. The genius of many men leads them to

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. I 7 I

enterprises ahead of their times. The present prospects of
Clinton would now tell another story.

There are in the township two fine substantial bridges. One
at Chum's Ford, built by J. J. Daniels, is a covered bridge.
The length of span is 1 50 feet, and the abutments are of stone.
Cost $10,000. The other, at Spangler's Ford, no feet long, is
similar in construction, was built by the same party, and cost
^8,500.

SCHOOLS.

By report of School Trustee we find that there are in Clinton
township ten school houses, valued at $8,100 ; number of pupils
enrolled — male 326, female 310 — total 636 ; number attending
school during the year 560 ; daily average attendance 300 ; length
of school term seven months; number of teachers — male 10,
female 4 — total 14; average daily compensation of teachers,
$2.43; voting population of township 521.

Public School, of Clinton ; valuation of property, $3000 ;
number of scholars enrolled, 239 — males, 125, females, 114;
average daily attendance, 140; number of teachers, 3; P. Z.
Anderson, School Trustee.

CHURCHES.

l\l. E. Church, Clinton ; membership, 75 ; pastor in charge,
Rev. John E. Newhouse ; Sabbath school superintendent, B. F.
Morey ; average attendance 75 ; value of church property $2,500;
parsonage $2,000.

Centenary Methodist Church, situated four and one-half miles
west of Clinton; membership of church, 40; pastor in charge,
John E. Newhouse; class leader, John Darby; stewards, Abra
ham Jenkins, Franklin Shew ; superintendent Sabbath school,
Amon Dowdy.

I72 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Bethel United Brethren Church, situated five miles south-
west of Clinton; valuation of property, $1,800; membership of
church, 70; pastor in charge, Rev. Zeller; superintendent of
Sabbath school, Levi Wright ; average attendance, 40.

Presbyterian Church, Clinton; value of church property,
$2,000; pastor in charge, Rev. Thomas Griffith; membership,
40 ; superintendent of Sabbath school, Wm. Campbell ; average
attendance, 70.

Union Class of the United Brethren Church ; situated 6%
miles southwest of Clinton ; membership, 63 ; pastor in charge,
Rev. Zellers; Superintendent Sabbath school, Peter VVilhoit;
average attendance of school, 40.

Hazel Bluff Sabbath School, situated three miles south of
west of Clinton ; superintendent, William Wright ; Claude Mat-
thews, secretary; average attendance of school, 35.

Spangler's Sabbath School, situated northwest of Clinton;
Melory Hedges, superintendent; average attendance, 35; num-
ber of classes, 4 ; teachers, 4 ; Charles Runyan, secretary.

LODGES.

Jerusalem Lodge, Xo. 99, F. and A. M., Clinton; member-
ship 50 ; charter members — Sylvester Redfield, John N. Per-
kins, Hiram Barnes, John R. Whitcomb, Benj. R. Whitcomb,
William S. Price, James Gazsoway, James McCulloch, Nathan
Sidwell, J. J. Moore, and William Barrick. Value of Lodge
property, $300. Charter granted May 29, 1850.

Council Xo. 3, Sovereigns of Industry, Clinton; membership
27; organized May 5, 1874; number of charter members 25;
officers— James A. Greenwalt, President; David McBeth, Vice
President; J. C. Campbell, Secretary; T. Victor, Treasurer;

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 73

S. B. Blackledge, Lecturer; J. C. Hall, Steward; D. Moore,
Inside Guard. James A. Greenwalt is the Deputy President,
authorized to organize Lodges in the count}".

Clinton Grange, No. 971, P. of H.; organized June 4, 1874;
Master, Aquilla Nebeker ; Secretary, C. B. Knowles ; Overseer,
J. E. Knowles; Lecturer, J. B. Hedges; Steward, Wm. Wright;
Asst. Steward, J. E. Ryan; Lady Asst. Steward, E. E. Knowles;
Chaplain, B. F. Morey ; Treasurer, G. B. Sparks ; Ceres, P. S.
Knowles ; Pomona, Bettie Blandford ; Flora, Sophia Ryan.

Social Grange, No. 1574; situated 4! m west of Clinton; mem-
bership, 70; organized March 2, 1874; Amon Dowdy, Mas-
ter ; H. W. Curry, Secretary.

Union Grange, No. 1575 ; situated 6^/3 miles southwest of
Clinton; membership, 45; organized March 3, 1874; James
Bumgardner, Master; Wm. H. Julian, Secretary.

Amant Lodge, No. 356, I. O. O. F.; Clinton; membership,
50; value of property, $250; organized September 30, 1871;
James A. Greenwalt, Secretary.

Crusader's Lodge of Good Templars, No. 816; Clinton; mem-
bership, 65; organized May 1, 1874; William Campbell, Secre-
tary.

DIRECTORY OF CLINTON TOWNSHIP.

Ackerman, Justics; farmer; 3^ m n e Clinton. Born in Ohio
1841; settled in V. C. 1851. Dem.

Amerman, James; farrrjer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in Ind. 183 1;
settled in V. C. 1843. United Brethren.

Anderson, N. C; merchant; Clinton. Born in Va. 1837; set-
tled in V. C. 1853. Rep.

174 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Anstead, John; bridge watchman E. T. H. & C. R. R.; Clinton.
Born in London 1833; settled in V. C. 1848. Republican.
Methodist.

Anderson, Piatt Z.; druggist; Clinton. Born in Va. 1836; set-
tled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Methodist.

Allen, Robert; clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1851; settled in
V. C. 18—. Methodist.

Allen, Thomas H.; farmer; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1822; set-
tled in V. C. 1827. Rep. Methodist.

Atkins, William P.; farmer; 4 m w Clinton. Born in Va. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1870.

Anderson, William; farmer; 3 m s Clinton. Born in Ind.

ANDREWS, ELIAS ; farmer ; 2 m n Clinton. Born in Ohio
1820; settled in V. C. 1822. Rep. Presbyterian.

Bishop, Mrs. S.; milliner; Clinton. Born in Conn. 1812; set-
tled in V. C. 1849. Methodist.

BELLUS, L. H.; dealer in real estate; Clinton. Born in Ohio
1837; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep.

Bishop, Hiram; retired carpenter and builder. Born in Conn.
1807; settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Methodist.

Blanford, William; farmer; 1 m e Huffmansville, 111. Born in
111. 1 841; settled in V. C. 1868. Roman Catholic.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 75

Brown, John C. ; farmer; 6 m s w Clinton. Born in Ireland
18 1 2; settled in V. C. 1 85 2. Dem. Roman Catholic.

BOYCE. EDWIN P.; farmer; 7 m n Sanford P. O., Vigo Co.
Born in N. H. 1828; settled in V. C. 1839. Rep.

BOYCE, DAN VERSE; farmer; 7 m n Sanford P. O., Vigo Co.
Born in N. H. 1836; settled in V. C. 1839. ReP-

BOYCE, GEORGE W.; blacksmith; 6 miles south of west
of Clinton. Born in Vt. 1833; settled in V. C. 1839.
Rep. United Brethren.

Bledsoe, Larkin; farmer; Y/2 m n Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in S. C. 18 10; settled in V. C. 1847. Dem.

BUMGARDNER, JAMES; farmer; 3 m n w New Goshen,
Vigo county. Born in Va. 1839; settled in V. C. 1865.
Dem. Regular Baptist.

Bumgardner, Noah; farmer; 2\ m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in Va. 1833; settled in V. C. 1865. Dem. Christ.

BUMGARDNER, ISAAC T.; farmer; 3 m n e Libertyville,
Vigo county. Born in Va. 1823; settled in V. C. 1855.
Dem. Christian.

Butts, Albert; farmer; 2.% m s w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1 83 1 ;
settled in V. C. 1866.

Baringer, Christian; farmer; 4^ m n w Clinton. Born in N. Y.
1828; settled in V. C. 1850. Dem.

BLACKLEDGE, B. S.; editor of "Clinton Exponent;" Clin-
ton. Born in Ohio 1 49 settled in V. C. 1874. Indpt.

I76 VERMILLION COUNTY,

Bogart, J. H.; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Born in V. C.
1845. Rep.

BARNORD, J. H.; plasterer and contractor; Clinton. Born in
Iowa 1843; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

BREWER, WILLIAM; miner; Clinton. Born in 111. 1850;
settled in V. C. 1867. Dem.

Buchanan, Job A.; carpenter and joiner; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1835; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

Bishop, F. M.; painter; Clinton. Born in Mass. 1833; settled
in V. C. 1849. ReP- Meth-

Brewer, Harlan ; laborer ; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in Tenn.
18 1 5; settled in V. C. 1857.

BALES, JOHN; farmer; 7 m w Clinton. Born in 111. 1846;
settled in V. C. 185 1. Dem.

BALES, CHARLES; farmer; 7 m w Clinton. Born in 111.
1848; settled in V. C. 185 1. Dem.

Brown, John C; farmer; 4^ m w Clinton. Born in Md. 1840;
settled in V. C. 1857. ReP-

Bright, Marshal; day-laborer; 4^ m w Clinton. Born in Va.

CAMERER, M. L., farmer; 5^ m north of west of Clinton.
Born in Ohio 1825; settled in V. C. 1858. Rep. United
Brethren.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. \"JJ

Combes, William M.; farmer; 3 m north of west of Clinton.
Born in Iowa 1850; settled in V. C. 1850. U. Brethren.

Clover, Joseph A.; farmer; 6m w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1818;
settled in V. C. 1821. Dem. Regular Baptist.

Clover, John D.; farmer; 5|raw Clinton. Born in V. C. 1828.
Dem. Methodist.

Carpenter, Martin; carpenter; 4^ m w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1809; settled in V. C. 1839. ReP- Methodist.

Conrod, Jacob; farmer; 2\ m w Clinton' Born in Germany
1802; settled in V. C. 1862. Lutheran.

CRABB, JOHN W.; miller; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1840; set-
tled in V. C. 1862. Rep.

Crozier, James; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Born in 111.
1836; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep.

Casey, Michael ; carpenter and joiner; Clinton. Born in Md.
1834; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep.

CORKINS, C. C; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Born in
N. Y. 1822; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep.

COTTRELL, ZACHARIAH ; farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1842; settled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

Crombie, George C; weighmaster; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1848;
settled in V. C. 1872.
12

I78 VERMILLION COUNTY.

COTTRELL, LINZA ; farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1840;
settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

CROMPTON, JOHN; tanner; % m w Clinton. Born in Eng-
land 1 8 14; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. United Brethren.

Clark, James, Sr. ; farmer; 1% m south of west of Clinton P. O.
Born in Ohio 1798; settled in V. C. 1828. Dem.

Clark, James, Jr.; farmer; ij m south of west of Clinton P. O.
Born in V. C. 1850. Dem.

Ciark, Joseph S. ; farmer; \yi m south of west of Clinton P. O.
Born in V. C. 1839. Dem.

Clark, John; farmer; 2 m south of west of Clinton P. O. Born
in Ohio 1829; settled in V. C. 1831. Dem.

CURRY, H. W.; school teacher; 3! m s w Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1849; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Carmichael, Thomas ; farmer ; 5 */2 m south of west of Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1847; settled in V. C. 1867. Dem.

CLEM, ISAAC; farmer; 2 m w Libertyville, Vigo Co. Born
in Ind. 1843; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Carmichael, Archibald; farmer; 3 m n e Libertyville, Vigo Co.
Born in Ind. 1849; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Chunn, Thomas H.; farmer; 4 m south of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 1822. Rep. Methodist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. \Jg

Chunn, William; farmer; 4 m sw Clinton. Born in V. C. 1832.
Rep. Methodist.

Curtis, Philo; farmer; 35^ m s w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1838.
Missionary Baptist.

Cox, Albert; farmer; 2ms Clinton. Born in Ind. 1847; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

Cole, Francis A.; farmer; 3ms Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1841;
settled in V. C. 1864. Missionary Baptist.

Curtis, Amos; farmer and stock trader; 1 m s Clinton. Born
in Ind. 1830.

CAMPBELL, JOHN C; druggist and apothecary; Clinton.
Born in Ireland 1820; settled in V. C. 1855. Republican.
Presbyterian.

Campbell, J. W.; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1843; set-
tled in V. C. 1870. Presbyterian.

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM; druggist; Clinton. Born in Ireland
1825; settled in V. C. 1855. R-eP- Presbyterian.

Cole, Francis C; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Illinois 1852;
settled in V. C. 1865.

CAMPBELL JAMES; painter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 183 1;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep.

CAMPBELL, JAMES; painter, plain and ornamental paper
hanger.

I SO VERMILLION COUNTY.

CASEY, JAMES; barber; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1841; set-
tled in V. C. 1874. Rep.

Crabb, VV. G.; miller; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1816; settled in
V. C. 1862. Rep.

Dean, Joshua; farmer; 7 m north of west of Clinton. Born in
Va. 1801; settled in V. C. 1822. Rep. Methodist.

Dean, Joseph; farmer; 7 m south of west of Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1838. Christian.

Darby, James W.; laborer; 6\ m w Clinton. Born in Va. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

Dusthimer, David W.; farmer; 7 m w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1833; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem.

DAVIDSON, MARTIN M.; farmer; 7 m w Clinton. Born in
Ohio 1829; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep.

Darby, John; farmer; 6| m south of west of Clinton. Born in
Va. 1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1868. Methodist.

DAVIS, JOHN ; proprietor Davis House ; Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1823. Independent.

DAVIDSON, JAMES H.; proprietor livery stable and veteri-
naiy surgeon; Clinton. Born in V. C. 1853.

DAILEY, SOLOMON; engineer; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1825;
settled in V. C. 1841. Dem. Christian.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. l8l

DAILEY, JOHN; engineer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1855; set-
tled in V. C. 1853.

DELP, JOHN; brick maker; Clinton. Born in Pa. 1831; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

Davidson, Samuel; keeps a boarding house; Clinton. Born in
Ohio 18 17; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep.

DOWNING, D.; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1836; set-
tled in V. C. 18—. Rep.

Dalton, Michael; farmer; 6 m s w Clinton.

Dunlap, William; farmer; 2^mne Libertvville, Vigo county.
Born in Va. 18 19; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem.

DARLING, RUFUS; farmer; y/2 m s w Clinton. Horn in
Mass. 182 1; settled in V. C. 1872. Indpt.

Dewey, Hiram ; farmer; 2|rasw Clinton. Born in West Va.
1826; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Meth.

Davis, Silas; cooper and farmer; 2^ m n w Clinton. Born in-
Ohio 1818; settled in V. C. 1823. Dem.

Davis, Charles; farmer; 3 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1852.
Dem.

DAVIDSON, ALONZO; farmer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1847. Rep.

Dowdy, Amanda; widow of A. J. Dowdy; 4% m w Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1831. Methodist.

I 82 VERMILLION COUNTY.

DOWDY, AMON; farmer; 4 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1834;
settled in V. C. 1859. Master of Grange No. 1574. Rep.
Methodist.

Edwards, George W.; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1827;
settled in V. C. 1830. Dem.

Eaton, Thomas H.; farmer; 3 m n New Goshen. Born in 111.
1836; settled in V. C. 1836. Rep.

Eviston, Thomas; farmer; 3^ m w Clinton. Born in 1803.
Rep. Methodist.

Edmonds, Zion ; farmer; 2f m from Clinton. Born in Tenn.
1824; settled in V. C. 1874. Rep.

Foreman, Gabriel; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1841; set-
tled in V. C. 18.71.

Fitzpatrick, P.; watchmaker; Clinton. Born in Ireland 1842;
settled in V. C. 1871. Rep. Roman Catholic.

FOLTZ, DAVID; farmer; \y2 m west of north of Liberty -
ville, Vigo county. Born in Va. 1827; settled in V. C.
1838. Dem. Christian.

FOLTZ, JACOB; retired farmer; i]/2 m s w Libertyville, Vigo
county. Born in Va. 1803; settled in V. C. 1837. Dem.
Lutheran.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 83

Foltz, Abraham; farmer; 3 m n w New Goshen. Born in Va.
1802; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem. United Brethren.

Funkhouser, William A.; farmer; 2^ mn New Goshen. Born
in Ind. 1848. Independent.

Florey, John W. ; farmer; 1^ mn Clinton. Born in 111. 1848;
settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Foncannon, Alexander; plasterer and farmer; 2 m n w Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1846. Dem.

Fields, John; farmer; 6% m north of west of Clinton. Born in
Ohio 1828; settled in V. C. 1852. Dem.

Foltz, Joseph; farmer; 1 y? m e Libertyville, Vigo county. Born
in Va. 1824; settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

Groves, Frank J.; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1854;
settled in V. C. 1864. Methodist.

Gibbons, William R.; farmer; 4mn w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1834; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep.

Groves, Mrs. Elizabeth; 4ms w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1836;
Christian.

Grady, Thomas ; farmer; 3 m w Clinton. Born in Ireland 1825;
settled in V. C. 1870. Indept. Roman Catholic.

GREENWALT, JAMES A.; blacksmith and wagon work.
Born in Ohio 1850; settled in V. C. 1858. Rep.

184 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Grimes, G. R. ; coal dealer; with Fitch & Guernsey. Born in
Ohio 1847; settled in V. C. 1872.

Gardner, D. W.; carpenter, contractor and builder; Clinton.
Born in Mich. 1839; settled in V. C. 1855.

GILSON, CHARLES; barber; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1841 ;
settled in V. C. 1874. Rep.

Green, James M.; retired merchant. Born in N. Y. 18 13; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep. Christian.

GOOD, F. C; blacksmith; y2 m w Clinton. Born in Ky. 1838;
settled in V. C. 1855.

Gibbens, M. S. ; farmer; 1 m w Clinton P. O. Born in Ind.
1836; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep.

Griffin, John; mining and farming; 3 m south of east of Huff-
mansville. Born in Ireland 1830 ; settled in V. C. 1859.
Dem. R. Catholic.

Griggs, Benjamin B.; miller; 3ms Clinton. Born in Ohio 1847;
settled in V. C. 1874.

Gosnell, Henry O.; farmer; 2 m n Clinton. Born in Ind. 1845.
Democrat.

Gosnell, Columbus; farmer; 2 m west of north of Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1848. Dem.

Gosnell, Robert; farmer; 2 m west of north of Clinton. Born
in Ohio 1832; settled in V. C. 1847. Dem. Universalist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 85

HARRISON, MILO ; farmer ; 2\ m s w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1835.

HARRISON, ROBERT ; farmer ; 3 J m s w Clinton. Born in
Va. 1831; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep.

HARRISON, CALVIN ; farmer ; 4 \ m s w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1837. Rep.

HARRISON, F. B.; farmer; 3 J m s w Clinton. Born in V.C.
1845. Rep.

HARRISON, ALEXANDER; farmer; 3^ msw Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1839. Rep.

HARRISON, JOSEPH ; farmer; 2^ msw Clinton. Born in
1849. R-eP-

Hines, Isaac; farmer; 4^ m south of west of Clinton. Born in
Ohio 1826; settled in V. C. 1839.

Hopkins, George; farmer; 2 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 185 1.

Halstead, Irving; farmer; 5|m w Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1831;
settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Christian.

Halstead, William; farmer; 5 \ m w Clinton. Born in N. Y.
1841; settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Christian.

Humphres, David L. ; farmer; 4 m w Clinton. Born in Ky.
1836; settled in V. C. 1869. Rep. Christian.

Hollingsworth, Wesley; farmer; 5 m w Clinton.

1 86 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hise, Cornelius ; carpenter ; 4f m south of west of Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1843; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Hunt, Ford; coal operator; Clinton.

HEDGES, WILLIAM ; farmer; 5 m w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1853. Rep.

Harkness, Philo, Jr.; farmer; l% m n e Liberty ville, Vigo
county. Born in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Christian.

Harkness, Albert ; farmer; % m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in Ind. 1849. ReP- Christian.

Harkness, Philo, Sr.; farmer; J m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in N. Y. 18 16; settled in V. C. 1836. Rep. Chris.

Harkness, Russel; farmer; if m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in Vt. 18 14; settled in V. C. 1846. Rep. Christian.

Hasting, James L.; farmer. Born in 111. 1840; settled in V. C.
1868. Rep. United Brethren.

Huff, John H.; farmer; 2 m n e Libertyville, Vigo county. Born
in Va. 1833; settled in V. C. 1856. Dem.

Humphres, Newton ; farmer ; 2 J m east of north of Saint Ber-
nice. Born in Ky. 1836; settted in V. C. 1848. Dem.

Haun, David ; farmer and harness maker ; 6 m n w Clinton.
Born in Va. 1820; settled in V. C. 1849.

Henderson, Josiah; farmer; 7 m e Clinton. Born in Ky. 1823;
settled in V. C. 1841. Indept. Christian.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 87

HUMPHRES, LEVI; farmer; 2]/2 m east of south of Saint
Bernice. Born in Ky. 1833; settled in V. C. 1848. Dem.
Methodist.

Holt, David; farmer; 6% m south of west of Clinton. Born in
Ills. 1841; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem. Christian.

Holstom, James M.; farmer (tenant); 3J4 m w Clinton. Born
in Ind. 1820; settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Christian.

HAMILTON, JOHN; farmer; 2 m n w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1 8 17; settled in V. C. 18 18. Dem.

Hamilton, Alexander ; coal miner; 2 m n \v Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1846. Dem.

Hammond, Brantson; farmer; 2 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C.

1836. Rep. Methodist.

Hays, Marion H.; farmer; 2 J m s e Saint Bernice. Born in
Ind. 1850; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

Hedges, Melroy; farmer; 4! m north of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 185 1. Rep. United Brethren.

Hatley, Jasper; farmer; 5 m north of west of Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1843. Rep. Methodist.

HALL, OSCAR T.; farmer; 3 J m n w New Goshen, Vigo Co.
Born in Va. 1859; settled in V. C. 1862. Indpt. Mis-
sionary Baptist.

Hedges, Columbus; farmer; 5 m s w Clinton. Born in V. C.

1837. United Brethren.

1 88 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hedges, William ; farmer ; 4^ m s vv Clinton. Born in V. C.
1836. Indpt. United Brethren.

HANNAH, JOHN ; miller; 3ms Clinton. Born in England
182 1 ; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. Congregationalist.

HAGENBAUGH, WILLIAM; farmer and stock trader; % m
s Clinton. Born in Ohio 1850; settled in V. C. 1858.
Indpt.

Hamilton, William; farmer; 2 J m n Clinton. Born in V. C.
1820. Dem. Methodist.

HALL, J. C; millwright and miller; Clinton. Born in Va.
1 831; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep.

HANEY, JOHN; grain dealer; Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1808;
settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

HANEY & ROBISON; STORAGE AND COMMISSION
MERCHANTS, AND DEALERS IN GRAMBINE
SALT AND CEMENT.

HOWARD, JOHN ; clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1849; set"
tled in V. C. i860. Rep.

HEDGES, I. B.; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Bern in N.
Y. 1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1824. Rep.

HAGER, J. M.; saddler and harness maker; Clinton. Born in
Md. 18 12; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep.

Henderson, B. E.; blacksmith; Clin' o 1. Born in Ohio 1828;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 89

HOOVER, ISAAC; blacksmith; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1832;
settled in V. C. i860. Indpt.

Henry, James; gardener; Clinton.

Hostetter, Alonzo ; druggist clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1844.
Republican.

HAMILTON, WILLIAM M.; clerk and bookkeeper; Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1843. Rep.

Hupp, I. M.; farmer; ij m n w Clinton P. O. Born in Va.
1826; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem.

Hollingsworth, Jasper; farmer; 3 m south of west of Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1833. Rep.

HARRISON, BENJAMIN; justice of the peace and farmer;
3^ m s w Clinton. Born in Va. 1805; settled in V. C. 1832.
Mr. Harrison, elected twenty years ago as justice of the
peace, has been re-elected as his terms expire. Indpt.

HEDGES, MILTON P.; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1831;
settled in V. C. . Rep. Missionary Baptist.

HEDGES, MILTON P.; Dealer in Hats, Caps, Boots and
Shoes, Dry Goods and Clothing ; Clinton.

Hughes, D. C ; clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1849; settled in
V. C. 1874. Rep. Methodist.

Hughes, Elwood; farmer; Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1845; set-
tled in V. C. 1856. Rep.

I9O VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hagenbaugh, VV. S. ; farmer and stock trader; y2 m s Clinton
P. O. Born in Ohio 1847; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Hager, Morris; confectioner; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1854; set-
tled in V. C. 1857.

Ike, Paul; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1835. Dem.
Christian.

Johnston, Dennis ; harness maker ; Clinton. Born in 111. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1867. Rep. Christian.

JOHNSON, ED. H.; harness maker; Clinton. Born in 111.
1847; settled in V. C. 1863.

Jones, J. P.; mining; Clinton. Born in Wales 1832; settled in
V. C. 1872. Indpt.

JOHNSON, H. T.; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1848;
settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

James, C; livery stable and boarding house; Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1834. Rep. Methodist.

Julian, William H.; farmer; \l/2 m n e Libertyville P. O., Vigo
county. Born in Ind. 1841. Republican.

Jenkins, Abraham; carpenter and farmer; 4^ m north of west of
Clinton. Born in Va. 1820; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep.
Methodist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. I9I

Jackson, John R.; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1850.

JACKSON, ELIJAH ; farmer ; 7 m w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1843. Dem.

Jackson, Henry; farmer; 6x/2 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1830;
settled in V. C. 1838. Dem.

JACKSON, WILLIAM; farmer; 6 m w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1839. Dem.

Jackson, Gideon; farmer; 6 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1834;
settled in V. C. 1838. Dem.

Jackson, Levi; farmer; 6 m north of west of Clinton. Born in
Ohio. Dem.

KIBBY, THOMAS; retired farmer; 1 % m n w Clinton. Born
in Ind. 18 10; settled in V. C. 1831. Rep. Universalist.

KIBBY, THOMAS A.; school teacher; 1% m n w Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1845. ReP-

KIBBY, ISAAC S.; farmer; 1% m n w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1838. Rep.

KIBBY, JANE; daughter of John Vannest; ij{ mn w Clinton.
Born in Ohio 1812. Methodist.

KEYES, W. C; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Born in B.
C. 1847. R-eP-

I92 VERMILLION COUNTY

KNOWLES, C. B.; resident farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1827; settled in V. C. 1861. Indpt.

KXOWLES, J. E.; resident farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1832;
settled in V. C. 1861. Indpt.

Keltz, Michael; farmer; 5 m n w New Goshen. Born in Md.
1833; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Kline, M. H.; farmer; 1*4 m e Libertyville, Vigo county. Born
in Va. 1836; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Kelley, Benjamin; farmer; 3 m north of west of Clinton. Born
in Ind. 1841; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Christian.

Leiton, John ; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1840.

Leigh, J. C; shoemaker; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1828; settled
in V. C. 1855. Rep. Methodist.

Luce, Charles; farmer; ij m south of west of Clinton P. O.

LINDSEY, E. R.; farmer; 6 m south of west of Clinton. Born
in Ohio 1830; settled in V. C. 1852. Dem.

LINDSEY, JOHN; farmer; 6^ m n Sanford P. O., Vigo Co.
Born in Ohio 18 15; settled in V. C. 1840. Methodist.

LUCE, JOHN H.; farmer; 2^ m s w Clinton. Born in N.
Y. 1818; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

Leigh, W. H.; farmer; 1^ m s Clinton. Born in Ohio 1847;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. I93

LUCE, JOHN A.; farmer; i^ m s Clinton. Born in Illinois
1846; settled in V. C. 1857. Methodist.

LEE, MERRIMAN; farmer; 6J m north of west of Clinton.
Born in Ky. 1836; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem. Christ

Leggett, G. M.; teacher; 7 m w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1845;
settled in V. C. 1862. Independent. Christian.

McCulloch, Daniel; retired farmer; 2]/2 m n w New Goshen.
Born in N. Y. 1797; settled in V. C. 18 19. Rep. Missn.
Baptist.

McClelon, William; farmer; 4 m s w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1837; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

McAlister, J. E.; blacksmith; 3 m w Clinton. Born in 111. 1842s
settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. United Brethren.

Milam, Bettie ; schoolteacher; Dana. Born in Ind. 1849; set-
tled in V. C. 1869.

Moore, Frank; farmer; 4^ m w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1848 ;
settled in V. C. 1853. Rep.

Mitchell, Dave ; constable ; Clinton.

McComb, S. S.; telegraph operator and railroad agent; Clinton.
Born in Ohio 1836; settled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Baptist.

Malone, Sarah; daughter of John Vannest; 1 ]/2 m n w Clinton
Born in Ohio 181 2. Methodist.

13

194

VERMILLION COUNTY.

MARRS, JOSEPH ; farmer; 2^ m north of east of Huffmans-
ville P. O., Ills. Born in Ind. 1827; settled in V. C. 1864.
R. Catholic. Independent.

McBETH, DAVID; harness maker; Clinton. Born in Ohio
1845; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

McCue, Henry; bricklayer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1840; settled
in V. C. 1874.

McBETH, DAVID; DEALER IN HARNESS, SADDLES,
BRIDLES, WHIPS, AND ALL OTHER THINGS IN
THIS LINE.

McCLURE, W. A.; commission merchant; Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1842; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

McLaren, J. C; dealer in coal; Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1833;
settled in V. C. 1874. Rep.

McCulloch, W. B.; farmer; 2^ m n w New Goshen. Born in
V. C. 1830. Rep. M. Baptist.

Malone, Albert; merchant; Clinton. Born in V. C. 1847.
Democrat.

Morgan, Oliver P.; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1838;
settled in V. C. 1856.

Moore, J. M.; dealer in family groceries; Clinton. Born in Ohio
1829; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep.

Morey, J. W.; trader; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1839; settled in
V. C. 1872. Rep. Universalist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 95

Mitchell, S. D. ; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 18 19; settled
in V. C. . Universalist.

MOREY, B. F.; retired blacksmith; Clinton. Born in Ohio
1828; settled in V. C. 1847. Rep. Methodist.

MATTHEWS, CLAUDE; farmer; 3 m south of west of Clin-
ton. Born in Ky. 1846; settled in V. C. 1869.

MATTHEWS, CLAUDE ; BREEDER OF SHORT-HORN
CATTLE.

Mann, Francis M.; farmer; i3^ m e Huffmansville. Born in
Ohio 1847; settled in V. C. 1853. Dem.

Morgan, Lewis F. ; minister of Christian Church ; 1 m 11 e Lib-
ertyville, Vigo Co. Born in 111. 1822; settled inV.C. 1862.
Rep. Christian.

Martin, John J.; farmer; 4^ ms w Clinton. Born in Ind,
181 8; settled in V. C. 18 19. M. Baptist.

MARTIN, WILEY; farmer; 7 m w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1830; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep.

Marns, Joseph; farmer; 2*^ m north of east of Huffmansville,
111. Born in Ind. 1827; settled in V. C. 1864. R. Catholic.

Mattax, Lewis; painter; 5^ m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1869. Christian.

NEAL, S. H.; ATTORNEY AT LAW AND COLLECT-
ING AGENT. 1

I96 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Nation, Isaac; farmer; 6 miles s w Clinton P. O. Born in Ohio
1844; settled in V. C. 1852. Dem.

Nation, Jacob; farmer; 3 m n w New Goshen, Vigo county.
Born in Ohio 1836; settled in V. C. 1865. Dem.

Newlon, S. J.; farmer; 7 m south of cast of Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1840. Dem.

NEWLON, DAVID ; farmer; y2 m n Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in V. C. 1843. Dem.

Noblitt, Wm. J.; farmer; y2 mile east of north of Libertyville,
Vigo county. Born in Term. 1825; settled in V. C. 1832.
Dem. Christian.

Nolan, Madison; farmer; 3 m s w Saint Bernice. Born
in V. C. 1837. Mr. Nolan lost his arm in the service.
Rep. United Brethren.

Neff, F. S. ; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1839; settled in
V. C. 1873. Rep.

NEBEKER, HENRY; student of medicine; Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1854.

NELSON, W. E.; commission merchant; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1844; settled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

NELSON & McCLURE; DEALERS IN GRAIN AND ALL
KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Newhouse, JohnE. ; pastor of M. E. Church; Clinton. Born in
Ohio 1829; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Methodist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. IQj

NEBEKER, AQUILA; resident farmer; Clinton. Born in Del.
1815; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep.

NEAL, S. H.; attorney at law; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1850;
settled in V. C. 1873.

OLMSTEAD, WILLIAM; farmer; 2\ m s w Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1842; settled in V. C. 1843. Rep. U. Brethren.

OVERBECK, WILLIAM ; farmer; 5 m south of west of Clin-
ton P. O. Born in Ohio 1835 ; settled in V. C. 1854. R.
Catholic.

Phillips, C. W.; photographer; Davis House, Clinton. Born in
Conn. 1852; settled in V. C. 1874.

PATTERSON, GEORGE A.; painter; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1846; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

PATTERSON, GEORGE A.; GRAINER, HOUSE PAINT-
ER AND PAPER HANGER.

Patterson, Robert; painter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1852; settled
in V. C. 1854.

PATTERSON, A. T.; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Payton, John; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ohio 18 18; settled
in V. C. 1828.

I98 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Potter, Elizabeth; ^ m n w Clinton P. O. Born in Ind. 18 16;
settled in V. C. 1818. Methodist.

Potter, Monroe; coal miner; 1 x/2 m n w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1848. Dem.

Propst, Isaac; farmer; 3 m e HufTmansville, 111. Born in Va.
1827; settled in V. C. 1838. Dem. U. Brethren.

Pennington, Isaac D.; farmer; 2 m south of east of HufTmans-
ville, 111. Born in Ind. 1827; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

PROPST, REUBEN ; farmer; fmne Libertyville, Vigo Co.
Born in Va. 181 1; settled in V. C. 1837. Indpt. U. Breth.

Propst, Josiah ; farmer ; 1 m n e Libertyville, Vigo Co. Born
in V. C. 1849. Dem. Christian.

Pinson, Thomas P.; farmer; \\ m n e Libertyville, Vigo Co.
Born in 111. 1838; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Christian.

Price, Albert; farmer; 2\ m n Clinton. Born in Ind. 1850; set
tied in V. C. 1873.

Perry, William; farmer and mechanic; 2^ m s w Saint Bernice.

PORTER, WILLIAM L. ; farmer; 6 m north of west of Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1847. Rep.

Painter, Charles P.; livery stable; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1847;
settled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Methodist.

PEEPLES, DAVID; butcher; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1837;
settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 1 99

PORTER, CHARLES; farmer; 3 m w Clinton. Born in N. Y.
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 18 19. Rep. Christian.

Patton, Samuel B. ; carpenter; 4 m w Clinton. Born in V. C.

1 849. Rep.

Porter, N. M.; farmer; 3^ m w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1836.
Rep. Methodist.

Porter, Samuel R.; farmer; 3 m w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1853.
Republican.

Payton, Wm.; cooper; 2^mnw Clinton. Born in Ky. 18 14;
settled in V. C. 1836. Dem. Christian.

PAYTON, JESSE; cooper; 3^ m n e Clinton. Born in V. C.

1850. Christian.

Potter, Washington; carpenter; 3 m n w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1815; settled in V. C. 1823. Dem. Christian.

Potter, Henry; farmer; ij m north of west of Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1826. Dem. Universalist.

POTTER, GEORGE ; coal miner; 1% m north of west of Clin-
ton. Born in V. C. 185 1. Dem.

Potter, Alden; carpenter and farmer; 2\ m north of west of
Clinton.

Pauley, William F.; farmer; 4^ m north of west of Clinton.
Born in Ky. 1833; settled in V. C. 1845. ReP- Meth.

200 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Roberts, James; clerk; Clinton. Born in 111. 1844; settled in
V. C. 1870. Dem. Christian.

RANGER, DAVID A.; insurance agent and collector; Clinton.
Born in Mass. 1828; settled in V. C. 1843. Rep.

ROSS, E. A.; painter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1832; settled in
V. C. 1873. Rep.

ROSS, E. A.; PAINTER, PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
PAPER HANGER.

ROBISON, W. H. H.; grain dealer; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1840. Rep.

Ryan, J. E.; resident farmer; Clinton. Born in Canada 1838'
settled in V. C. 1859.

Riley, William; farmer; 1 m n Libertyville, Vigo Co. Born in
Pa. 1821; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem. Christian.

Reeder, Nelson; farmer; 2]/2 m s w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1816; settled in V. C. 1818.

Reeder, Joseph W.; farmer; f m s Clinton. Born in V. C.
1845. Rep.

Runyan, Harrison; farmer; 3 m north of w.est of Clinton.

Runyan, James; farmer; 5 m w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1847.

Runyan, John; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1843.
Democrat.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 201

Runyan, Lewis F.; farmer; 2\ m se Saint Bernice. Born in V.
C. 1852. Dem. Methodist.

Robertson, George; farmer; 5 m n e Clinton. Born in Ind.
1849; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Runyan, Jesse; farmer; 6 m n c Clinton. Born in Ohio 18 10;
settled in V. C. 1841. Dem.

Beed, Andrew; farmer; 1 m s Saint Bernice. Born in N. C.
1820; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

Ross, D. P.; farmer; 6 m w Clinton. Born in Va. 1829; set-
tled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Christian.

ROBERTSON, JAMES M.; farmer; 2 J m e Huffmansville, 111.
Born in Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Ryerson, Mrs. Phebe; widow of Samuel Ryerson; Clinton.
Born in Va. 1795; settled in V. C. 18 19. Methodist.

Rucker, Richard; cooper; 3 m s w Clinton P. O.

Russel, John; farmer; 6 m w Clinton. Born in Pa. 1809; settled
in V. C. 1874. Rep.

Rogers, Isaac; farmer; 4 m w Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1807;
settled in V. C. 1869. Dem. United Brethren.

Reeder, Allen; farmer; 4^ m south of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 1850. Rep.

REDDING, H. F.; carriage maker and blacksmith; Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1823; settled in V. C. 1825. Dem.

202 VERMILLION COUNTY.

SMITH, CHARLES H.; railroad agent and telegraph operator;
Clinton. Born in New York 1836; settled in V. C. 1870.
Presbyterian.

SHEPHERD, J. W. ; dealer in cigars and tobacco; Clinton.
Born in Ind. 1840; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep.

Staats, A. M.; dealer in groceries; Clinton. Born in Va. 1837;
settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

Smith, George H.; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1851; set-
tled in V. C. 185 1.

Smith, D. F.; mechanic; Clinton. Born in Me. 1822; settled
in V. C. 1840. Rep. Presbyterian.

Stanley, J. L. ; woolen manufactory; Clinton. Born in N. C.
1830; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Stone, Isaac; farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1842; settled in
V. C. 1874.

Scyoc, A. S. ; farmer; 4 m s w Clinton. Born in Va. 1845; set-
tled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

SKIDMORE, JOHN W.; farmer; 3 m sw Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1848. Rep. M. Baptist.

SKIDMORE, ALBERT J.; farmer; 3 m s w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1855. Rep. M. Baptist.

SHEW, ELI; farmer; 4 m south of west of Clinton P. O. Born
in N. C. 1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1823. Rep.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 203

Skelly, John; farmer; 5 ^ m south of west of Clinton P. O.
Born in V. C. 1855. Dem. Roman Catholic.

SPARKS, GEORGE B.; farmer; 5% m south of west of Clin-
ton P. O. Born in Ohio 1830; settled in V. C. 1859. ^eP-

Shirley, George; farmer; ij m n Liberty ville, Vigo county.
Born in Va. 18 16; settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. United
Brethren.

Shirley, Jacob; farmer; 1% m n Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in Va. 1851; settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. United
Brethren.

Shew, Leonard; farmer; 2]/2 m n New Goshen. Born in Ind.
1836. Independent.

SHEW, HENRY; farmer and Justice of the Peace; 2 m n New
Goshen, Vigo county. Born in N. C. 18 15; settled in V.
C. 1825. Rep.

SHEW, WILLIAM R.; farmer; 2 m n New Goshen, Vigo
county. Born in Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1859. Rep.
United Brethren.

SHEW, GEORGE W.; farmer; 2^ m n New Goshen P. O.
Born in Ind. 1827. Rep.

Shew, Leister L. ; farmer; 4m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in V. C. 1839. R-eP- Christian.

Shew, Lysander; farmer; 3 m n New Goshen. Born in V. C.
1 841. Independent.

204 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Seeds, S. Y. ; farmer; 3 m n New Goshen. Born in V. C. 1847.
Rep. Christian.

Shannon, William; farmer; 3^ m n w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1846.

Stogsdill, John B.; farmer; 2^ m s w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1836. Missionary Baptist.

STULTZ, JOSEPH H.; farmer; 2 m s w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1849.

Stultz, Solomon; farmer; 2 m s w Clinton. Born in Va. 18 18.

Stultz, George W. ; farmer; i1/^ m south of west of Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1841. United Brethren.

Smith. Win. P.; tenant farmer; 5 m w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1844; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

SWINEHART, R. H.; tinner; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 185 1.

STEWART, H. W.; physician and surgeon; Clinton. Born in
Ky. 1838; settled in V. C. 1874.

Starkey, Levi; farmer; ij m s w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1835.

Smart, Jerry; carpenter; 3 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1848.
United Brethren.

Shannon, William C; farmer; 3I- m w Clinton. Born in V. C.
1844.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 205

SWAN, WILLIAM; farmer; 4raw Clinton. Born in Pa.
1802; settled in V. C. 1823. Dem. Universalist.

SHEW, B. F.; farmer; 5 m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 185 1.
Rep. Methodist.

Smith, Joseph ; farmer; 2 m south of west of Clinton. Born in
W. Va. 1818; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep. Methodist.

Smith, John J.; farmer; 3ms Clinton. Born in Va. 1843; set-
tled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

SPARKS, JOSEPH ; farmer; 3 m s Clinton. Born in Md. 1825;
settled in V. C. 1843. Indept. Methodist.

SHANNON, THEODORE; farmer; 3 m west of north of Clin-
ton. Born in Ind. 1833. Dem. Christian.

Smith, Benjamin A.; farmer; 3! m n w Clinton. Born in N.Y.
1837; settled in V. C. 1858. Rep. Methodist.

Stults, Lewis; farmer; 2^ m north of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 1843. Rep.

Spangler, Jesse; farmer; 3 m north of west of Clinton. Born
in Pa. 1807; settled in V. C. 1837. Dem.

SHANNON, FRANK; farmer; 3^ m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1852. Rep. Christian.

Shannon, Samuel; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in Ky.
18 13; settled in V. C. 1840. Christian.

Salyords, John; farmer; 5^ m 11 w Clinton.

206 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Shew, Franklin; farmer; 4^ m north of west of Clinton.
Born in Ind. 185 1. Rep. Methodist.

Steel, William; retired farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in Ky.
1S16; settled in V. C. 1846. Dem. United Brethren.

Smith, James L.; farmer; 6 m w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1 819;
settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Methodist.

Scott, Matthew W. ; farmer and stock trader; 2 m e Huffmans-
ville, 111. Born in Ind. 1822; settled in V. C. 1848.

Tosser, Henry; farmer; 4A m n w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1817;
settled in V. C. 1871. Indpt. M. Baptist.

Thompson, John D.; engineer; 7 m south of west of Clinton.
Born in Ohio 1830; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Taylor, Simeon; farmer; 4J m w Clinton. Born in Ind. 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1831. Dem. Christian.

Taylor, John; farmer; 4J m w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1848.
Dem. Christian.

Try, John; farmer; 4^ m w Clinton. Born in Germany 1831;
settled in V. C. 1870. Dem. Lutheran.

Thrift, Francis N.; laborer; Clinton. Born in Ky. 1837; settled
in V. C. 1873. Dem.

TROWBRIDGE, J. S.; baker; Clinton. Born in N. Y. 1850:
settled in V. C. 1872. Rep.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 207

TISE, A. W.; carpenter; Clinton. Born in N. C. 1834; set-
tled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Tullis, W. H.; resident farmer ; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1840;
settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Methodist.

Tweedy, G. W.; farmer; 1 m west of north of Liberty ville,
Vigo Co. Born in Ind. 1828; settled in V. C. 1862. Dem.

Taylor, John F.; farmer; 3 m s w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1816;
settled in V. C. 1833. Christian.

TUTTLE, AVA; farmer; 1 m n Clinton. Born in Ind. 1843;
settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Methodist.

UTTER, R. J.; boot and shoemaker; Clinton. Born in 111.
1842; settled in V. C. i860. Rep. Methodist.

VAUGHN, JAMES; carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1823;
settled in V. C. 1855.

VICTOR, THOMAS; blacksmith and wagon maker; Clinton.
Born in Ohio 1833; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Meth.

VANNEST, CATHARINE; widow of John Vannest. Born
in Ohio 18 13; settled in V. C. 1827. Methodist.

VANNEST, GEORGE ; farmer; % m n w Clinton P. O. Born
in V. C. 1847.

208 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Vaghn, William; farmer; 5 m south of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 1838.

VANNEST, ISAAC; farmer; 1 % m n w Clinton. Born in V. C.
1824. Dem. Universalist.

VESTAL, JOHN; farmer; 6 rri w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1822;
settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

VANNEST, TAYLOR; farmer; 1 m n w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1834. ReP- Methodist.

VANNEST, ISAAC, JR.; farmer; 1 m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1851. Rep.

Wright, James F. ; farmer ; 3 m east of north of New Goshen,
Vigo Co. Born in V. C. 1849. U. Brethren.

Wright, Philander ; farmer ; 3 m east of north of New Goshen,
Vigo Co. Born in V. C. 1847.

Wright, Francis M., Sr.; farmer; 2\ m n e New Goshen, Vigo
Co. Born in V. C. 1840. Rep. U. Brethren.

WRIGHT, WILLIAM.; farmer; 4m sw Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1832. Rep. Methodist.

WOOD, WILLIAM ; farmer; 4% m s w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1823; settled in V. C. 1824. Dem. Universalist.

WELLS, THOMAS; farmer; 4J m n w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1844; settled in V. C. 1868. Rep. Methodist.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 200.

Wright, Oliver; farmer; 5^ m north of west of Clinton. Born
in V. C. 1837. Rep.

WILEY, GEORGE W.; farmer; 3 m s e Huffmansville, 111.
Born in Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Walton, Edward; farmer; 7 m east of north of Sanford, Vigo
county. Born in Ky. 18 16; settled in V. C. 1859. Rep.

Wilhoit, Peter; farmer; 1 J m n Libertyville, Vigo county. Born
in Va. 1837; settled in V. C. 1863. United Brethren.

Walker, Joseph; farmer; 3 m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in Ohio 1833; settled in V. C. 1859. Dem. Christ.

WEBSTER, JOHN W.; farmer; 3^ m n w New Goshen,
Vigo county. Born in Va. 1832; settled in V. C. 1852.
Dem. Christian.

Wright, Levi; farmer; 2J m n e Libertyville, Vigo county.
Born in V. C. 1844. United Brethren.

WHITCOMB, JOHN R.; retired farmer; % m w Clinton. Born
in Vt. 1804; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Presbyterian.

Wilson, James H.; farmer; 2 m south of west of Clinton. Born
in Ind. 1852; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem.

WOOD, ISRAEL; farmer; 5 m south of west of Clinton P. O.
Born in V. C. 1827. Dem.

Wright, J. O.; farmer; 5 m south of west of Clinton P. O. Born
in 111. 1851; settled in V. C. 1858. Rep. Methodist.

210 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Wilson, Thomas G.; farmer; 3^ m e Huffmansville, 111. Born
in Va. 1804; settled in V. C. 1832.

Wiley, James; farmer; 2 m e Huffmansville, 111. Born in IncL
1840; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Whitson, Harmon; farmer; 2 m w Clinton. Born in Tenn.
18 1 8; settled in V. C. 1869. Independent.

Wester, Joseph; farmer; 5^ m w Clinton. Born in Switzerland
1822; settled in V. C. 1872. Roman Catholic.

Walraven, Elias; farmer; 4 m w Clinton. Born in Ohio 1826;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Methodist.

WRIGHT, JOHN, Sr.; farmer; 5 mw Clinton. Born in N.
Y. 18 18; settled in V. C. 1820. Rep. Methodist.

Whitted, Enoch; farmer; 4J m w Clinton. Born in N. C. 1828;
settled in V. C. 1838. Rep.

Walter, Frederick; farmer; 2\ m \v Clinton. Born in Germany
1834; settled in V. C. 1857.

WASHBURN, W. O.; attorney at law; Clinton. Born in Ind.
1843; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep.

Wells, G. W., carpenter; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1848; settled
in V. C. 1867. Rep.

Wiley, William C; cabinet-maker; Clinton. Born in N. C.
18 16; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Universalist.

Walter, Henry ; boot and shoemaker ; Clinton. Born in Ohio
1846; settled in V. C. 1872. Indpt.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP. 2 I I

(

Walling, A. S.; farmer; i-J m n Clinton. Born in Ind. 1830.
Rep.

WHITE, H. A.; attorney at law, collecting agent and notary
public; Clinton. Born in V. C. 1838. Rep. Universalist.

White, Alexander; farmer; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1825. Rep.
Methodist.

WHEDON, F. L.; editor of Clinton Expo nent ; Clinton, Born
in Ohio 1852; settled in V. C. 1874. Indpt.

Whitcomb, Charles; merchant; Clinton. Born in V. C. 1848.
Rep. Methodist.

Whitcomb, A. L. ; merchant; Clinton. Born in V. C. 1839.
Rep. Christian.

Wells, W. F.; clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1850; settled in
V. C. 1866. Rep. Methodist.

WASHBURN, R. H.; clerk; Clinton. Born in Ind. 1842;
settled in V. C. 1850. Indpt.

Wells, George; retired minister; Clinton. Born in Tenn. 18 10;
settled in V. C. 1864. Rep. United Brethren.

Whitcomb, John; merchant; Clinton. Born in Ohio 1821; set-
tled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

WOLFE, DAVID J.; farmer; 1% m s w Saint Bernice P. O.
Born in Va. 1813; settled in V. C. 1844. Dem. United
Brethren.

212 VERMILLION COUNTY.

WOLFE, ALBERT S. ; farmer; if m s w Saint Bernice. Born
in V. C. 1849. L>em.

WAGGONER, MALCHARD, farmer; 1 m e Clay's Prairie,
111. Born in Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

Watson, John H.; farmer; 11 m e Paris, 111., and 7 m w Clinton.
P. O. Paris, 111. Born in Ky. 1838; settled in V. C. 1850.
Christian.

Westlake, B. L. ; farmer ; 6 m w Clinton P. O. Born in Ohio
1835; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Friend.

Wright, Francis M., Jr.; coal miner; 6% rn w Clinton. Born
in Ohio 1842 ; settled in V. C. 1862. Mr. Wright lost his
arm in the service. Dem.

Wright, John D.; farmer; 3 me Huffmansville, 111. Born in
Ind. 1835; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

York, T. P. ; carpenter and house builder; Clinton. Born in N.
C. 1836; settled in V. C. 1871. Dem.

Yose, James; farmer; 2^ m west of north of Clinton.

Younger, John; farmer; 5! m w Clinton. Born in Ky. 1834;
settled in V. C. 1853. Dem.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 213

KELT TOWNSHIP.

Helt Township is the largest in the county, and the second
from the southern boundary. It is bounded on the north by
Vermillion township ; on the east by the Wabash River, which
separates it from Parke county ; on the south by Clinton town-
ship, and on the west by the Illinois State line. It varies from
eight to nine miles wide from east to west, and is nine miles
from north to south, and contains an area of over seventy square
miles.

The township is well watered by the Wabash and the various
creeks tributary to it, among which are Norton's Creek, which
rises near the center of the township and flows a south-easterly
course, emptying into the Wabash at the south-east corner of
the township ; and Little Raccoon Creek, which flows south-east
through the northern part.

There is much fine alluvial soil in the bottoms lying on either
side of these streams, which, with proper culture, will produce
an almost unlimited abundance of corn, and in fact all farm pro-
ducts. The upland is also found to be excellent for farming
and grazing. A considerable quantity of the land in this town-
ship is rough and broken, but as if to compensate this apparent
defect, it is underlaid with coal of good quality, and in strata of

214 VERMILLION COUNTY.

sufficient thickness to make it well worth the trouble of work-
ing. Quite a number of mines have been opened, and are be-
ing worked successfully. Many valuable quarries of limestone
and sandstone have been opened, thus affording excellent build-
. ing material. These interests can not fail to prove a source of
immense profit to those who have invested in them.

The first settlers in Helt township were John Helt, Augustus
Ford, Michael Helt, Geo. Helt, Daniel Helt and John Skidmore.
They all settled here in the year 1818. Daniel Helt is the only
one now living, who furnished this account. Shortly after this,
others came and settled in this township, among whom may be
mentioned Matthew Harbinson, Abraham White, Samuel Ryer-
son, James Harper, Obediah Swayze, Edwin James, William
James, Elijah James, Alanson Church, John Castle, Richard
Mack, William Conly, John Martin, Chandler Tillardson,
Caleb Bailes, John Hiddle, for whom Hiddle's Prairie was
named ; all of whom have passed away ; and of those now living
we may mention Dr. C. F. Keys, W. L. Malone, John Ford,
James Rush, Warham Mack, Steven Harrington and James
Conley.

The first child born in the township was William Skidmore,
in 18 19.

All these were among the "hardy sons of toil," who
made homes for themselves and their families in Helt town-
ship. Like the residents of other townships in the county the
people of Helt possessed no immunities from the many priva-
tions and sufferings attending the settlement of these wilds at
that early period. How grateful, then, ought the sons and
daughters of those brave pioneers to be when they remember

HELT TOWNSHIP.

the hardships, suffering and toil which their fathers and mothers
endured, that they might hand down to their children the com-
forts and luxuries of wealth. And now in our time, while liv-
ing in comfortable homes, surrounded with all the manifold
blessings of civilization, we must be ungrateful, indeed, if we do
not feel moved as with a common impulse to rise up and bless
the memory of those noble-hearted ancestors.

The first church built was Salem Church, on Hilt's Prairie,
and the first school was also taught on this prairie. The first
mill was built upon the bank of Cool Branch, a little stream
which takes its rise in the central part of the township and flows
south-west. This mill was built by William Anderson in 1836.
But it has long since fallen into disuse, and "Cool Branch" does
not look as if it ever could have run a mill.

The clearing and settling up of the country has had the effect
of drying up water courses until many of them that used to be
considered formidable streams have dwindled into eomplete in-
significance.

The principal towns in Helt township are Highland, Dana,
Bono and Summet Grove. They are lively little places, and
contain the usual number of dry goods, grocery and drug stores,
together with shops of various kinds.

The Illinois and Indiana Central Railroad crosses the Wabash
river at Montezema, and runs west through the township into
Illinois.

CHURCHES.

Salem Methodist Church, situated one mile north-west of
Summit Grove ; Rev. M. B. Wood, pastor ; membership, 67 ;
average attendance at Sabbath school, 80 ; S. R. White, Super-
intendent.

2l6 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Asbury Methodist Church, situated three miles south-east of
Dana; Rev. M. B. Wood, pastor; membership, 41; average
attendance at Sabbath school, 40; value of church property,
#800.00.

Spring Hill Methodist Church, situated four miles north of
Summit Grove ; Rev. M. B. Wood, pastor, membership, 31;
attendance at Sabbath school, 42 ; R. P. Mercer, Superintend-
ent.

Center Methodist Church, situated 5 miles south-west of Sum-
mit Grove ; pastor in charge, Rev. John E. Newhouse ; mem-
bership, 50; average attendance of Sabbath school scholars, 70;
value of church property, $1500.

Center Sabbath School was first organized by an Eastern lady
named Sarah McConhe, and was the first in Helt township.
The present superintendent, James H. Wishard, has held that
position for the last fifteen years, during ten of which the school
has never been closed, winter or summer, and we are pleased to
record that, through its blessed instrumentality since its organ-
ization, two ministers have been sent forth into the work.

Methodist Episcopal Church, situated at Bono ; Rev. M. B.
Wood, pastor; membership, 41.

Union Sabbath School ; average attendance, 50 ; superintend-
ent, Aaron Hise.

United Brethren Church; Midway; situated 5 miles southeast
Dana; Rev. J. N. Anderson, pastor; membership, 64; superin-
tendent Sabbath school, Amos Wells; value of church property,
#800.

Hannamon Chapel United Brethren Church, four miles west
Hillsdale; Rev. James Anderson, pastor; membership, 46;

HELT TOWNSHIP. 217

Sabbath school superintendent, John Adams ; average attend-
ance of Sabbath school, 25 , value of church property, $5,000.

Class of United Brethren ; Rev. J. H. Anderson, pastor in
charge ; membership, 50. This society meets at the school
house in the south-western part of the township.

Union Sabbath School; held at No. 9 school house; average
attendance, 25 ; superintendent, George W. Smith.

Presbyterian Church; situated at Bono; Rev. Thomas Griffith,
pastor; value of church property, $2,000.

Tennessee Valley Missionary Baptist Church; situated 4 miles
northwest Summit Grove; Rev. Wm. McMasters, pastor; mem-
bership, 13; value of church property, $2,000.

Missionary Baptist Church; situated at Bono; Rev. William
McMasters, pastor; membership, 49.

Christian Church; situated at Highland; Elder Price in charge;
membership, 30.

There is a Union Sabbath School held here, with a fair attend-
ance.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

Center Grange, No. 125 1, meets at Center Church, five miles
west of Summit Grove ; membership, 54; Master, J. H. Wish-
ard; Secretary, H. D. Crane; organized March 29, 1874.

Helt Prairie Grange, No. 1250, meets at Salem Church, one
mile north west of Summit Grove; membership, 37; Master,
R. M. White ; Secretary, N. T. Laiton ; organized February,

1874.

Staats Grange, No. 1580, meets at No. 7 School House, five
miles south east of Dana; membership, 24; Master, James Har-

2lS VERMILLION COUNTY.

rington ; Secretary, W. B. Wellman ; organized March 5th,
1874.

Toronto Grange, No. 1581 ; meets at Presbyterian Church at
Bono ; membership, 29 ; Secretary, J. W. Andrews ; organized,
March, 1874.

Aye Grange, No. 1659, meets at No. 3 school house, 1 mile
east of Dana; membership, 33; Master, Caleb Bailes; Secretary,
Thos. A. Edmonston; organized March, 1874.

Asbury Lodge, No. 320, F. and A. M., meets at Bono;
membership, 30; William Hood, W. M.; W. M. Taylor, Sec-
retary; organized 1861.

The Township Trustee makes the following school report :

No. school houses in Township, . . . 18

Value of school property, . . . #11,000

Whole number pupils enrolled, . . . 870

Average attendance at school, . . . 789

No. of teachers in Township, .... 25

Average daily compensation of teachers, (male), . $2. 18

Average daily compensation of teachers, (female), . 1.91
Average length of school term, six months.

Oscar B. Lowry, Township Trustee.

DIRECTORY OF HELT TOWNSHIP.

ANDREWS, GEORGE W.; farmer; % m w Saint Bernice P.
O. Born in V. C. 1844. Rep.

ANDREWS, ELI AS, Jr.; farmer; 2ms Saint Bernice P. O.
Born in V. C. 1845. R-eP-

ANDREWS, HENRY; silversmith; 2 m s w Saint Bernice P.
O. Born in V. C. 1849. Rep.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 2IQ.

ANDREWS, WILLIAM J.; farmer; ^ m n Saint Bernice P.
O. Born in V. C. 1840. Rep. United Brethren.

Amerman, Peter; farmer; i m e Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
V. C. 1844. Rep.

ANDERSON, J. H.; minister United Brethren Church; 2}4 m
ne Saint Bernice. Born in Ind. 1837; settled in V. C. 1854.
Rep.

ALLEN, GEORGE W. ; farmer; ^ m s e Dana. Born in Ind.
1824; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Austin, F. W. ; notary; 3ms Dana. Born in Ind. 1824; set-
tled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Methodist.

Ambruse, Isaac; farmer; 4 m s e Dana. Born in Pa. 1839; se^'
tied in V. C. i860. Dem. Protestant.

Amerman, John M.; farmer; 5^ m n w Clinton. Born in Ind.
1832; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Methodist.

Aye, F. S.; farmer; 4^ m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1825; set-
tled in V. C. 1839. ReP- Methodist.

Aikman, Peter; farmer; y2 m s Hillsdale. Born in V. C. 1847.
Rep. Protestant.

Anderson, John ; farmer. Born in Va. 1823; settled in V. C.
1 86 1. Rep. Methodist.

ANDREWS, HANNAH ; farmer ; 1 % m s Dana. Born in
Mass. 1823; settled in V. C. 1839. Protestant.

220 VERMILLION COUNTY.

ANDREWS, SARAH E.; 3ms Dana. Born in 1820; settled
in V. C. 1832. Dem. Christian.

Andrews, John; farmer; 5 m e Dana. Born in Ohio 181 1; set-
tled in V. C. 1823. Dem. Protestant.

Andrews, William; farmer; 5 m e Dana. Born in V. C. 1846.
Dem. United Brethren.

Aye, Albert; farmer.

AYE, H. H.; farmer; 5 m s w Dana. Born in V. C. 1846.
Rep. Protestant.

AYE, MRS. MAY; farmer; 4msw Dana. Born in Pa. 1804;
settled in V. C. 1839. ReP- Methodist.

Ayers, J. A.; farmer; 1^ m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1843;
settled in V. C. 1872. Dem. Protestant.

ANDREWS, WILLIAM, Sr.; tanner and retired farmer; 2 m
s w Saint Bernice P. O. Born in Ohio 1807; settled in V.
C. 1822. Rep. United Brethren.

ANDREWS, LORIN; student at commercial school, Terre
Haute; residence Bono, P. O. Dana. Born in V. C. 1853.
Dem. M. Baptist.

ADAMS, JOHN; farmer; 2|mw Hillsdale. Born in England
1826; settled in V. C. 1853. Dem. United Brethren.

Aikman, Hugh; farmer; 3^ m e Dana. Born in V. C. 1852.
Rep. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 221

Aikman, Edgar; farmer; 3 m s Dana. Born in V. C. 1855.

Aikman, Samuel; farmer; 2 J m s Dana. Born in Ind. 18 14;
settled in V. C. 1834. Rep. Presbyterian.

Aikman, L. H.; farmer; 2]/2 m s Dana. Born in V. C. 1850.
Rep. Protestant.

Aikman, C. C. ; farmer; 2\ m s Dana. Born in V. C. 1854.
Rep. Protestant.

Brock, John; farmer; 3 m w Hillsdale. Born in Tenn. 1833 ;
settled in V. C. 1871. Dem. United Brethren.

Blakesley, O. R. ; farmer; 7 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1833.
Rep. Methodist.

Blakesley, John; farmer; 6 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1830.
Rep. Protestant.

Bush, G. W.; farmer; 3 m n w Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1832;
settled in V. C. 1838. Dem. Protestant.

Barnett, James F., Sen.; farmer; 2|m e Dana. Born in Ky.
181 5; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep. Protestant.

Bell, E. B.; farmer; 2 m nw Dana. Born in Ky. 1835; settled
in V. C. 1865, Rep. Missionary Baptist.

222 VERMILLION COUNTY.

BARNHART, JAMES; farmer; Dana. Born in V. C. 1844;
Indept. Protestant.

Bullington, Isaac N. ; farmer; 2 ms Illiana. Born in Ky. 1807;
settled in V. C. 1835. Dem. Christian.

Bilsland, John; farmer; 4 m s w Dana. Born in Ohio 1808;
settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Protestant.

BARNHART, HENRY; farmer; 3ms Dana. Born in V. C.
1837. Dem. Methodist.

Boren, John S. ; farmer; 5 m n w Summit Grove. Born in Tenn.
1800; settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Methodist.

Bales, William ; farmer ; 1 m e Saint Bernice. Born in Va.
1827; settled in V. C. 1 831. Rep. Methodist.

Bailes, Robert; farmer; 1 m e Saint Bernice. Born in V. C.
1834. Rep. Protestant.

Brights, Wm.; farmer; 4J m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1845.
Rep. Protestant.

Beard, J. W.; farmer; 5^ m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1823;
settled in V. C. 1834. Rep. M. Baptist.

BURSON, JAMES C; farmer; 3 m west of north of Clinton
P. O. Born in Va. 1828; settled in V. C. 1835. Rep.
M. Baptist.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 223

Brock, George, farmer; 2 m e Dana P. O. Born in Ky. 1847;
settled in V. C. 1863. Rep.

BRICKER, MRS. RACHEL; widow of Solomon Bricker, M.
D.; Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1806; settled in V. C. 1848.
Rep. Methodist.

BANEBREAKE, LEVI ; general merchandize ; Hillsdale.
Born in Ind. 1834; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep. United
Brethren.

BELL, R. S. ; blacksmith; Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1835; set"
tied in V. C. 1871. Rep. Christian.

BALES, COBB; farmer and general stock raiser; 2 J m s e Dana.
Born in V. C. 1836. Rep. Protestant.

Bales, William F. ; farmer; 2^ m s e Dana. Born in V. C.
1829. Dem. Protestant.

Burnett, James, Jr.; farmer; Dana. Born in V. C. 1844. Prot-
estant.

Burnett, Elijah; farmer; Dana. Born in Ind. 1852; settled in
V. C. 1865. Protestant.

Bullington, P. C; farmer; ^ m n Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
V. C. 1847. Rep. United Brethren.

Bullington, L. A.; wagon maker; Saint Bernice. Born in V. C.
1836. Rep.

BOREN, WILLIAM H.; blacksmith; Clinton P. O. Born in
Md. 1 841; settled in V. C. 1864. Rep. United Brethren.

224 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Boren, John T., Sr. ; farmer; 5 m n w Summit Grove P. O.
Born in Tenn. 1800; settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Meth.

Boren, J. T. , Jr.; farmer; 3^ m s e Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
183 1. Dem. United Brethren.

BURNS, PORTER & CO.; MANUFACTURERS OF FIRE
BRICK, TERRA COTTA, ETC.; HIGHLAND; P. O.
HILLSDALE.

Chunn, G. E.; farmer; jy£ mnwClinton. Born in V. C. 185 1.
Rep. Protestant.

COOK, EVERTS; farmer; 3 m w Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1822;
settled in V. C. 1861. Rep.

Chambers, O.; farmer; Summit Grove. Born in V. C. 1833.
Rep. United Brethren.

Cook, Charles; druggist; St. Bernice. Born in Ind. 1841; set-
tled in V. C. 1865. Dem.

Corbridge, Thomas; boot and shoemaker; Saint Bernice. Born
in Miss. 1826; settled in V. C. 1871. Dem. Catholic.

Compton, J. H.; farmer; ^ m s w Hillsdale.

Cruthis, N.; farmer; 1 % m w Hillsdale P. O. Born in N. C.
181 1; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem.

Church, Alanson; farmer; 2\ m w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 185 1. Rep. Methodist.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 225

Crane, Stephen; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1.844.
Rep. Methodist.

Craig, Charles; farmer; ij mnw Hillsdale. Born in V.C. 1833.
Rep. Protestant.

Canley, E. P.; farmer; 2x/2 m s w Dana. Born in V. C. 1841.
Rep. Protestant.

Canley, William W.; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1836. Rep. Methodist.

Canley, M. A.; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V.C.
1822. Rep. Methodist.

Canley, S. N.; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1852. Rep. Protestant.

CANLEY, JAMES; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Ohio 18 17; settled in V. C. 1822. Rep. Methodist.

Carter, Abraham; farmer; 3 m w Summit Grove. Born in Ind.
1814; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep. Protestant.

Castle, Daniel; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1837.
Rep. Protestant.

Campbell, G. W.; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1833;
settled in V. C. 1854. Rep. Methodist.

Canher, F. E.; farmer; 7^ m n w Clinton. Born in V. C.
1848. Rep. Methodist.

15

226 VERMILLION COUNTY.

CRANE, ERASTUS; farmer; ijmne St. Bernice. Born in
Vt 1804; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem- Methodist.

CRANE, H. D.; Farmer; 4 J m n w Clinton. Born in Vt.
1827; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Methodist.

Cole, Francis; carpenter; 3 m s w Montezuma. Born in Ohio
1852; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Protestant.

Cole, Susan; farmer; 3 m s w Montezuma. Born in N. V. 1S22;
settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Methodist.

Casebeer, David; farmer; i m s Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1794;
settled in V. C. 1847. Dem. Methodist.

CASEBEER, J. W.; farmer and proprietor of saw mill; l/2 m s
Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 183 1; settled in V. C. 1848. Dem.
Methodist.

Church, Josiah; farmer; 2\ m w Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1823. Rep. Protestant.

Church, Richard; farmer; 2\ m w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1850. Rep. Methodist.

DUGGER, THOMAS A-; wagonmaker; 2\ m w Hillsdale.
Born in Tenn. 1840; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Mis-
sionary Baptist. Mr. Dugger has the reputation in this
township of being the best workman in the county.

Davis, Anderson; farmer; z\ m w Hillsdale. Born in N. C.
1823; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 227

Davis, Robert; farmer; I m n Summit Grove. Born in Va.
iSio; settled in V. C. 1S55. Rep. Methodist.

Davis, S. C; farmer; if m n w Summit Grove. Born in Ind.
1853; settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Methodist.

Dugger, B. S. ; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in Tenn.
18 16; settled in V. C. 1864. Rep. M. Baptist.

Dugger, Thomas; farmer; 6 m s e Dana. Born in Tenn. 1797;
settled in V. C. 1861. Rep. M. Baptist.

Dugger, J. H.; farmer; SlA rn e Dana. Born in Tenn. 1827;
settled in V. C. 1861. Rep. Protestant.

Dugger, J. A.; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in Tenn.
1847; settled in V. C. 1864. Rep. M. Baptist.

Dewby, Willard ; farmer; 7 m n Clinton. Born in Va. 1824;
settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Protestant.

Dugger, J. F.; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in Tenn.
1846; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep. M. Baptist.

DAVIS, NATHANIEL W.; farmer; 2\ m nw Hillsdale.
Born in V. C. 1850. Dem. Protestant.

Davis, C. B.; blacksmith; l/z m n Dana. Born in Ohio 1835 I
settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Protestant.

Dickens, R. B.; farmer; if m s Dana. Born in V. C. 1842.
Dem. Protestant.

Derthick, O. B.; carriage and wagon maker; 1^ m s Dana.
Born in N. Y. 1S01; settled in V. C. 1863.

228 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Derby, W.; salesman; 3 m s Dana. Born in Ohio 1836 ; set-
tled in V. C. 1849. Rep. Methodist.

Davis, S.; farmer; 3 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1855. Rep.
Methodist.

Depue, Alfred; farmer; 5 m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1841.

Eaton, H. C; physician; Bono, 3ms Dana. Born in Illinois
1824; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Engram, Washington; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in Ky.
1 8 12; settled in V. C. 1827. Dem. Christian.

Edwards, Wesby; wagonmaker; J m n Dana. Born in Ohio
1833; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Protestant.

EDMANSTAN, THOMAS A.; farmer; 1 m from Dana. Born
in Ind. 1828; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

ELDER, JAMES A.; farmer; 3 m s w Dana. Born in Ohio
1822; settled in V. C. 1833. Rep. Presbyterian.

Eaton, Charles G.; farmer; 1 m n Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
111. 1829; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. U. Brethren.

Fox, John; farmer; 6|me Dana. Born in Ohio 1821; settled
in V. C. 1842. Dem. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 229

Foncannan, Columbus ; farmer ; I m e Saint Bernice. Born in
V. C. 1843. Dem. Protestant.

Foncannan, Mary C; farmer; I m e Saint Bernice. Born in
Va. 1815; settled in V. C. 1833. Dem. M. Baptist.

Foncannan, J. M.; carpenter; I m e Saint Bernice. Born in V.
C. 1848. Dem. United Brethren.

FINNELL, JAMES R.; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in
Ky. 1822; settled in V. C. 1833. Rep. Methodist.

French, William; proprietor grocery; Hillsdale. Born in V.C.
1836. Dem. Christian.

Ford, W. F.; farmer; 1 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1840. Rep.
Protestant.

Flemming, Samuel; farmer; 3 m w Hillsdale. Born in Ohio
1828; settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Presbyterian.

FORD, JOHN ; farmer and grazier; 2\ m n Summit Grove.
Born in Ohio 1809; settled in V. C. 18 18. Rep. Meth.

FORD, EDWIN; farmer and grazier; 2^ m n Summit Grove.
Born in V. C. 1854. Rep. Methodist.

FORD, ALBERT; farmer and grazier; 2^ m n Summit Grove.
Born in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Foos, Valentine; farmer; 3 m n Clinton. Bern in 183 1; settled
in V. C. 1837. Dem- Protestant.

Frist, J. R.; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in Del. 1826; set-
tled in V. C. 186 1. Dem. Regular Baptist.

23O VERMILLION COUNT\.

Foncannan, Orval ; carpenter; 3} m n w Clinton. Born in V.
C. 1850. Dem. Protestant.

French, Phelix; farmer; if m n w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1829. Dem. Protestant.

Finney, D. \V ; farmer and grain dealer; i|mne Dana. Born
in Ind. 1837; settled in V. C. 1864. Rep. Protestant.

Fisher, J. S.; farmer; Bono; 3ms Dana. Born in Ky. 1808;
settled in V. C. 1833. Christian.

FONCANNAN, J. C; farmer and grazier; 5J m s e Dana.
Born in Ohio 1829; settled in V. C. 1852. Dem. Prot.

French, William; groceries; Hillsdale P. O. Born in V. C.
1836. Dem.

Flynn, John; farmer; i1/^ m w Hillsdale. Born in Ireland 1822;
settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Catholic.

Flynn, Patrick; farmer; Hillsdale. Born in N. Y. 1850; settled
in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Catholic.

Foncannan, John; farmer; 1*^ m e Saint Bernice. Born in Pa.
18 1 5; settled in V. C. 1842. Dem. Protestant.

Foncannan, Mark; farmer; ^ m e Saint Bernice. Born in V.
C. 1 848. Dem. Protestant.

FONCANNAN, TILGHMAN; brick mason and plasterer;
y^ m s e Saint Bernice. Born in Pa. 1812; settled in V.
C. 1842.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 23 I

Foncannan, G. W.; farmer; 1^ m s e Saint Bernice. Born in
V. C. 1842. Dem. Protestant.

Graves, Thomas J.; farmer; i^ mse Dana. Born in V. C.
1846. Rep. Protestant.

Goodwin. T. L.; farmer; 3 m e Dana. Born in Tenn. 1837;
settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Protestant.

Gallagher, Augustus ; farmer; 3 m w Summit Grove.

Grimes, John; farmer; 5 m s w Dana P. O. Born in Ohio 1846;
settled in V. C. i860. Dem.

Garrish, Edward; farmer; 3^ m n Saint Bernice P. O. Born
in V. C. 1853.

Garrett, R.; farmer; i m w Saint Bernice P. O. Born in Ind.
1847; settled in V. C. 1863. Rep.

HOPKINS, H. C.; general merchant ; Hillsdale. Born in V.
C. 1852. Rep. Protestant.

HARRISON, JOHN C.; physician and surgeon; Hillsdale.
Born in Ind. 1834; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Prot.

Hood, Charles D.; farmer; 3^ m s e Dana. Born in Tenn.
j. "14; settled in V. C. 1822. Dem. Protestant.

Hood, Soloman; farmer; 3^ mse Dana. Born in V. C. 1849.
Dem. Protestant.

232 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hammond, William; farmer; 3^ m s e Dana. Born in V. C.
1843. Indpt. Protestant.

Hood, S. S.; farmer; i£ m s e Dana. Born in Tenn. 181 5; set-
tled in V. C. 1820. Rep. Protestant.

Hollingsworth, Milvcn; farmer; 4 m n w Hillsdale. Born in V.
C. 1846. Rep. Protestant.

Harvey, Henry; farmer; 3^ m n w Hillsdale. Born in Ind.
1849; settled in V. C. 1870. Protestant.

Hopens, John; farmer; 4 m n w Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 181 1;
settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Protestant.

Hood, W. B.; farmer; 2^ m e Dana. Born in V. C. 1840.
Rep. Methodist.

Hooker, John E. ; farmer; Dana. Born in Pa. 1831; settled in
V. C. 1854. Rep. Protestant.

Harper, Benjamin, Jr.; farmer; 5 m s w Dana. Born in V. C.
1839. Dem. Protestant.

HELT, THOMAS; farmer; \% m s w Summit Grove. Born
in V. C. 1825. Rep. Methodist.

Heber, Joseph; farmer; 2/2 m w Summit Grove. Born in
Wertemburg, Germany, 1820; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.
R. Catholic.

Helt, C. B.; farmer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1821.
Rep. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 233

Helt, F. M.; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1832.
Rep. Methodist.

HUNTER, J. T.; school teacher; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in
Ind. 1848; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep. Protestant.

Hollingsworth, Joel ; farmer; 4 m n w Dana. Born in S. C. in
1 801; settled in V. C. 1828. Rep. Protestant.

Highfill, Smith ; farmer ; 2| m s e St. Bernice. Born in Ky.
1 8 10. Dem. Protestant.

Highfill, Robert; farmer; 2|mse St. Bernice. Bom in V. C.
1848. Dem. Protestant.

Houglant, W. H.; farmer; 2ms Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1853. Rep. Methodist.

Hougland, Samuel; farmer; 2 m s w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1829. Rep. Methodist.

HELT, HIRAM; farmer; i| m s w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1829. Rep. Methodist.

Harnersly, Charles; farmer; i| m s w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Hays, W. A. ; farmer and stock trader; 6 m s e Dana. Born in
Ky. 1835; settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Protestant.

Higbie, Wm.; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 18 14; set-
tled in V. C. 1832. Rep. United Brethren.

Hays, J. F.; farmer; 5ms Dana. Born in Md. 1852; settled
in V. C. 1853. Rep. United Brethren.

234 VERMILLION COUNTY.

»

Hays, J. M., farmer; 5ms Dana. Born in Ind. 1842; settled
in V. C. 1853. Rep. Methodist.

Hollingsworth, Geo.; carpenter; Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1827;
settled in V. C. 1829. Rep. Friend.

Howard, H. J.; farmer; 5 J m e Dana. Born in V. C. 1839.
Rep. Missionary Baptist.

Harper, William; farmer; 3! m w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1822. Dem. United Brethren.

Howard, J. L. ; farmer; 6 m s e Dana. Born in Tenn. 1806.
Rep. Protestant.

Howard, Jesse; farmer; 6 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1850.
Rep. Protestant.

Helt, E. B.; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1831.
Rep. Methodist.

Huey, Thomas R.; farmer; 5 m n Clinton. Born in Ind. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1870. Indpt. Protestant.

Henry, D. W.; school teacher; 7^ m n w Clinton. Born in
Ohio 1852; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Christian.

Haskell, M. M.; farmer; 4 m w Dana. Born in Vt. in 1839.
Rep. Methodist.

Haskell, W. H.; school teacher; 4 m s w Dana. Born in V. C.
185 1. Rep. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 235

Haskell, J. A.; farmer; 4 m s w Dana. Born in V. C. 1853.
Rep. Methodist.

Hise, Aaron A.; carpenter and joiner; 3ms Dana. Born in
Ind. 1838; settled in V. C. 1843. Rep. Methodist.

HUTCHINSON, T. J.; boot and shoemaker; Bono; 3ms
Dana. Born in Ohio 1841 ; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.
Methodist.

Hutchinson & Nichols; boot and shoemakers; Bono.

Howard, J. T.; farmer; 2^ m w Hillsdale. Born in V.C. 1845.
Rep. United Brethren.

Hines, G. W. ; farmer; 23^ m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1844.
Rep. Protestant.

Harbison, Joseph; farmer; 1 3^ m n Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1834. Rep. Methodist.

Helt, Henry; farmer; 1 m w Summit Grove. Born in V. C. 1836.
Rep. Protestant.

HARRINGTON, JAMES; farmer; 5 m n w Summit Grove.
Born in V. C. 1844. Rep. Methodist.

Honchin, J.; farmer; 3 m s w Hillsdale. Born in 1825; settled
in V. C. 1850. Dem. Protestant.

Honchin, John S.; proprietor saw mill; 23^ m s w Hillsdale.
Born in 111. 1848; settled in V. C. 1848. Dem. Methodist.

Harper, Anderson; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1844. Dem. Protestant.

236 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Harper, Benjamin; farmer; 3 m n vv Summit Grove. Born in
Va. 1796; settled in V. C. 18 17. Dem. Protestant.

Hale, Benjamin; farmer; ii- m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Ind. 1846; settled in V. C. *868. Rep. Protestant.

Harper, J. M.; farmer; i}( m n w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1844. Rep. Aiethodist.

HARRINGTON, STEPHEN H.; farmer; ij m w Summit
Grove. Born in Ohio 18 14; settled in V. C. 182 1. Rep.
Aiethodist.

HARRINGTON, VV. R.; student of normal school, Terre
Haute; ij m w Summit Grove. Born in V. C. 1852.
Rep. Methodist.

HELT, DANIEL; farmer; 1 ^ m w Summit Grove. Born in
Pa. 1 791; settled in V. C. 18 18. Rep. Methodist.

Hunter, G. W.; farmer and stock dealer; 5I m s w Dana P. O.
Born in V. C. 1836.

Harris, Morgan; farmer; 1^ m n w St. Bernice P. O. Born in
Va. 1800; settled in V. C. i860. Dem. Meth.

Highfill, J. P.; farmer; St. Bernice P. O. Born in V. C. 1839.
United Brethren.

Hull, J. T.; farmer; ^ m n e St. Bernice P. O. Born in Conn.
1804; settled in V. C. 1843.

Hinkley, Julia; school teacher; 3ms w Dana P. O. Born in
Maine 1828; settled in V. C. 1856. Christian.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 237

Ingram, Wakefield; farmer; 2^ m s w Hillsdale. Born in Ky.
1820; settled in V. C. 1853. Dem. United Brethren.

Ingle, James; farmer; 1 m s Summit Grove. Born in Illinois
1843; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Protestant.

Ingle, William B.; farmer; £ m w Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
Illinois 1847; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

Jones, Benjamin; farmer; Saint Bernice. Born in 111. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. United Brethren.

Jones, Eri; farmer; Saint Bernice. Born in 111. 1853; settled in
V. C. 1872. Rep. United Brethren.

Jones, Wiley; farmer; J m s Saint Bernice P. O. Born in N.C.
1824; settled in V. C. 1831.

Jones, John N.; farmer; |ms Saint Bernice P. O. Born in V.
C. 1848. Dem.

Jones, G. H.; farmer; 1 m n Hillsdale P. O. Born in V. C.
1840. Dem.

JAMES, E. WHITE; farmer; ifmnw Summit Grove P. O.
Born in V. C. 1848. Rep.- Methodist.

JAMES, E. WRIGHT; farmer; i£ m n w Summit Grove P.O.
Born in V. C. 1848. Rep. Methodist.

Jenks, John; farmer; 33^ m s Dana P. O. Born in Vt. 1803;
settled in V. C. 1835.

238 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Jenks, Henry; farmer; 32 m s Dana P. O. Born in V. C. 1843.
Rep. Methodist.

Jones, Willice; blacksmith; 5 m s w Dana P. O. Born in Ohio
1X27; settled in V. C. 1862.

Jones, Harmon; farmer; j{ m w St. Bernice P. O. Born in V.
C. 1847. Dem. United Brethren.

Jones, Matthew ; farmer ; 3 m n w St. Bernice P. O. Born in
N. C. 1818; settled in V. C. 1831. Dem. United Breth.

Jones, William ; postmaster, and boot and shoemaker; St. Ber-
nice. Born in Ind. 1829; settled in V. C. 1831. Dem.
United Brethren.

J ON ES, THOMAS; boot and shoemaker ; St. Bernice. Born
in N. C. 1820; settled in V. C. 183 1. Rep. Missionary
Baptist.

Johnson, S.; farmer; 4^ m s Newport. Born in V. C. 1835.
Rep. Protestant.

Johnson, John R.; stone mason; 2ms Hillsdale. Born in Ohio
1833; settled in V. C. 1834. Rep. Protestant.

Jackson, Joseph; farmer; 2|mne Dana. Born in V. C. 1835.
Dem. Protestant.

James, Dulin; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1845. Rep. Methodist.

Johnson, Frank; firm of Johnson & Bro.; restaurant and groce-
ries; Hillsdale. Born in N. Y. 1852. Rep. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 239

Johnson, Orlo; firm of Johnson & Bro.; restaurant and groce-
ries; Hillsdale. Born in N. Y. 1850; settled in V. C. i860.
Rep. Protestant.

Johnson, W. W.; telegraph operator; Highland. Born in Ind.
1857; settled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Protestant.

James, Joseph; farmer; ij m s w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1829. Rep. Methodist.

JAMES, MORRIS; farmer; 2§ m s w Hillsdale. Born in V.
C. 1850. Rep. Methodist.

Jackson, J. C; farmer; 3 m s w Hillsdale. Born in V. C. 1844.
Rep. Protestant.

Jackson, William; farmer; 2 m s w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
185 1. Rep. Protestant.

James, John; farmer; \\ m n w Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1838. Rep. Protestant.

James, E. D.; farmer; i| m s w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1828. Rep. Methodist.

James, H. C; school teacher; i£ m s Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1848. Rep. Methodist.

Jones, Joseph; farmer; 1 y2 m n w Hillsdale. Born in Ky. 1810;
settled in V. C. 183 1. Dem. Christian.

Johnson, William; farmer; 2^ m w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1837. Dem. Protestant.

24O VERMILLION COUNTY.

JEXKS, STEPHEN; farmer; 3ms Dana. Born in Ind. 1829;
settled in V. C. 1848. Rep. Methodist.

JACKSON, ANDREW; farmer; I m w Hillsdale. Born in
Ohio 1823; settled in V. C. 1835. Rep. Protestant.

JENKS, TILLY; farmer; 3ms Dana. Born in Vt. 1800; set-
tled in V. C. 1848. Rep. Methodist.

Jordan, S. W.; farmer; 2^ m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1838.
Rep. Methodist.

JORDAN, ISAAC ; farmer and stock trader ; 2 m s e Dana.
Bom in V. C. 1844. Rep.

James, S. R.; farmer; 3 m s w Montezuma. Born in V. C.
1826. Rep. Methodist.

James, W. A.; farmer; 1 m s Hillsdale. Born in V. C. 1831.
Rep. Methodist.

Janes, George H.; farmer; i$ m n w Hillsdale P. O. Born in
V. C. 1840. Dem.

Jordan, Henry; farmer; 4 m s e Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1836. Rep.

James, S. S.; farmer; 6l/2 m s e Daua P. O. Born in V. C.
"1833. Rep. Methodist.

Johnson, William H.; telegraph operator; Hillsdale P. O. Born
in Ind. 1857; settled in V. C. 1874.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 24 1

KEYLS, O. M.; physician; 3 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1853.
Rep. Protestant.

Knight, Elijah; farmer; 5 m e Dana. Born in Ind. 1854; set-
tled in V. C. 1868. Dem. Protestant.

Kearns, William ; farmer; 2^ msw Hillsdale. Born in Ky.
1806; settled in V. C. 1826. Rep. Methodist.

KEARNS, JOHN ; farmer; 2|msw Hillsdale. Born in V.C.
1832. Rep. Methodist.

KEYES, C. F.; physician and surgeon; 3 m s e Dana. Born in
Ind. 1822; settled in V. C. 1826. Rep. Protestant.

Kelley, Thomas ; farmer ; ij^ mnw Saint Bernice. Born in
Ohio 18 14; settled in V. C. 1861. Rep. Protestant.

Kaufman, Samuel ; farmer; 3 m w Hillsdale P. O. Born in V.
C. 1844. Dem.

Kerr, S. P.; farmer; 3 m n Clinton P. O. Born in Ind. 1823 ;
settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

KEARNS, A. H.; farmer; 2\ m s w Hillsdale P. O. Born in
V. C. 1854. Rep. Methodist.

Knotts, A. H.; farmer; 2]/2 m n w Hillsdale P. O. Born in
Ind. 1836; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Methodist

Kerns, W. F.; farmer; Bono P. O.; 3 m s Dana. Born in V.
C. 1839. ReP- Methodist.
16

242 VKRMILLION COUNTY.

KAUFMAN. S. E.; FARMER AND GRAIN AND HAY
MERCHANT; % m n e Dana P. O. Born in V. C. 1849.
Democrat.

Kooncc, W. H.; farmer; 4 m s e Dana P. O. Born in Va.
1842; settled in V. C. 1874. Independent.

Lowe, Charles; blacksmith; 3 m e Dana. Born in Ohio 1843;
settled in V. C. 1873. Dem. Protestant.

LOWRY, OSCAR B.; farmer; % m s Dana. Born in Ohio
1830; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep. Methodist.

Leatherman, Lafayette; farmer; 2^ m n Hillsdale. Born in Ind.
1849. Dem. Christian.

Long, Henry; blacksmith; Summit Grove. Born in Ind. 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. Methodist.

Leatherman, Abraham; farmer; Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 18 12;
settled in V. C. 18 19. Dem. Christian.

Langston, Mrs. Catharine; farmer; 1 m n e Dana. Born in Ohio
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 1824. Rep. Methodist.

Langston, J. F.; farmer; i|ms w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1849. Rep. Protestant.

Lake, Israel; fanner; 4^ m s.e Dana. Born in V. C. 1837.
Rep. United Brethren.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 243

\

Lewis, James; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in Tenn.
1835; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep. M. Baptist.

Leatherman, Israel; carpenter; Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 18 19;
settled in V. C. 1829. Dem. Christian.

Lynn, Joseph; farmer; St. Bernicc. Born in Va. 1827; settled
in V. C. i860. Dem. R. Baptist.

Langston, Oliver; farmer; 1 m n Dana P. O. Born in Ind.
1825. Rep.

Martin, G. W.; farmer; 5 J m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1838. Rep. United Brethren.

Miller, Bloomer; farmer; 3J m n w St. Bernice P. O. Born in
V. C. 185 1. Rep. United Brethren.

Miller, Jacob; farmer; 2^ m n w St. 1 :ce P. O. Born in
Ky. 1818; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

Miller, Daniel; farmer and stock trader; 2 m n w St. Bernice P.
O. Born in V. C. 1846. Rep. Methodist.

Miller, Sylvester; farmer; i|mn w St. Bernice P. O. Born in

V. C. 1849. Rep-
Murphy, Alexander; farmer; 1 m w St. Bernice P. O. Born in

Nova Scotia 1837 ; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. United

Brethren.

Mays, James; farmer; St. Bernice. Born in Ohio 1834; settled
in V. C. 1868. Rep. Christian.

244 VERMILLION COUNTY.

rcer, R. P.; school teacher; 2ms Hillsdale P. O. Born in
Ohio 1844; settled in V. C. 1S73. Rep. Methodist.

Miller, Samuel; farmer; 4$- m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1842.
m. Protestant.

Miller, Man- E.; farmer; 35^ m s w Clinton. Born in N. C.
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 183 1. Dem. Protestant.

Myers, Samuel; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1840.
Dem. Protestant.

Myers, Henry; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1838.
Dem. Protestant.

Millikin, Stephen; farmer; 1 m n w Dana. Born in Pa. 1803;
settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Protestant.

McFERRIN, WILLIAM ; blacksmith; y2 m n Dana. Born in
Ind. 1853; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem. Protestant.

McRoberts, A. G.; gunsmith; 3 m s w Dana. Born in Ky.
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 1863. Dem. Christian.

Malone, W. L.; farmer; 4J m s w Dina. Born in Ohio 1S05;
settled in V. C. 1824. Rep. Protestant.

Mitchell, James; farmer; Hillsdale. Born in Tnd. 1852; settled
in V. C. 1866. Rep. Protestant.

Malone, Tilman; f. rmer; 3 m s e Dana. Born in 1854. Indp.
Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 245

Malone, Huran ; farmer; 3 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1856.
Indept. Protestant.

Malone, John; farmer; 2mse Dana. Born in V. C. 1856.
Indept. Protestant.

Mast, John A.; farmer;' 3 m e Dana. Born in Germany 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1862. Rep. United Brethren.

McCarty, B. ; farmer ; iJ-mse Dana. Born in Ireland 1 841 ;
settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Catholic.

MACK, ERASTUS ; physician and surgeon ; 2 m s Hillsdale.
Born in V. C. 1827. Rep. Methodist.

Mack, Spencer ; farmer and blacksmith ; 1 y2 m n w Summit
Grove. Born in Mass. 1818; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep.
Methodist.

Marvin, John ; farmer ; 2\ m n Summit Grove. Born in Penn.
1850; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Protestant.

Monroe, Osborn ; blacksmith ; 1 y>, m n Summit Grove. Born in
Ind. 1842; settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. Methodist.

Middlebrook, John ; farmer, and proprietor brick manufactory;
Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1829; settled in V. C. 1852.
Dem. Protestant.

McDonell, Robert ; farmer ; 2 m n e St. Bernice. Born in Ky.
1820; settled in V. C. 1834. R°P- Christian.

McCOWN, SQUIRE; farmer; 6 m n w Clinton. Born in 111.
1853; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem. Methodist.

246 VERMILLION COUN1 V.

Miller, Samuel; farmer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1844.
Dem. Protestant.

McLaughlin, S. F.; dealer in drugs, paints, oils, dye-stuff and
family groceries; Highland. Born in Ind. 1840; settled in
V. C. 1873. Dem. Protestant.

Miller, Albert ; farmer; ^ m n Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1848. Rep. Methodist.

MACK, CEPHUS; carpenter and joiner; Summit Grove.
Born in Mass. 1815; settled in V. C. 1836. Rep. Prot.

Mack, MillisC; farmer; Summit Grove. Born in V. C. 1851.
Rep. Methodist.

Mitchell, Henry ; blacksmith ; 2 m n w Summit Grove. Born
in N. Y. 1809; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Protestant.

McLaughlin, James; farmer; 2 m s e Montezuma. Born in Pa.
1810; settled in V. C. 1869. Rep. Lutheran.

Marvin, John, farmer; 3 m n Summit Grove. Born in Pa.

Mack, Warham; retired farmer; Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1801;
settled in V. C. 1821. Rep. United Brethren.

Middlebrook, J. W.; coal miner; Hillsdale. Born in Ohio
1845; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem. Prot.

Morgan, J. M.; farmer; 4 m s w Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1844;
settled in V. C. 1 873. Rep. Protestant.

Malam, William; farmer; 4^ m s w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1843. Dem. Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 247

McDONELL, J. D.; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in V. C.
1836. Indpt. United Brethren.

Mack, A. L.; farmer; 2 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V. C.
1844. Rep. Methodist.

Mallory, R. C; farmer; 3 | m n w Clinton. Born in Ind. 1833;
settled in V. C. 1857. Rep. Methodist.

Miller, David; farmer; $*4 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C.

1843. Dem. Protestant.

MALONE, RICHARD; farmer; 3 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 1827. Indpt. Protestant.

MALONE, SAMUEL G. ; farmer; 4 m s w Dana. Born in V. C.

1844. Rep. Protestant.

Mack, N. B.; school teacher; Bono; 3ms Dana. Born in V.
C. 1832. Rep. Presbyterian.

Martin, Marion; farmer; 3^ m s Dana. Born in Illinois 1846;
settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Protestant.

Miles, Benjamin; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ky. 18 13;
settled in V. C. 1833. Rep. Methodist.

Montgomery, Everlin, firm of Montgomery & Masten; manu-
facturers of fire brick; Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1821; set-
tled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Congregationalist.

MERIWETHER, J. P.; farmer; ij m n w Dana. Born in V.
C. 1844. Dem. Protestant.

248 ' VERMILLION COUNTY.

MERIWETHER, JOSIAH H.; farmer; Hillsdale. Born in V.
C. 1838. Dem. Protestant.

Nolan, Lucinda; farmer; Summit Grove. Born in Ky. 18 13;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Norris, Lewis; farmer; 2^ m n e Dana. Born in V. C. 1838.
Dem. Protestant.

Norris, Robert; farmer; 2]/2 m n e Dana. Born in S. C. 1796;
settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Protestant.

Nelson, R. S. ; farmer; i|m n e Dana. Born in V. C. 1842.
Dem. Protestant.

Nelson, Wm.; farmer; \ m n Dana. Born in V. C. 1846. Dem.
Protestant.

NICHOLS, ALBERT; boot and shoemaker; Bono; 3ms Dana.
Born in Ky. 1851; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem. Prot.

Newton, J. T. ; farmej ; 4^ m s Dana P. 0. Born in V. C.
1848. Dem. .

OSBORN, JAMES; farmer; 2 m w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1838. Dem. Protestant.

Owens, James; farmer; i|mn Summit Grove.
Osborn, J. H.; farmer; 1 m s e St. Bernice.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 249

OSBORN, HENRY; grain dealer ; Highland P. O.; Hillsdale.
Born in V. C. 1836.

Pierce, Jacob; farmer; 3 m n \v Summit Grove. Born in Ind.
1842; settled in V. C. 1869. Dem. Protestant.

Porter, J. R.; farmer; 2 m n e Dana. Born in Mass. 1824; set-
tled in V. C. 1837. Rep. Protestant.

Peer, John; farmer; 2 m w Dana. Born in Va. 1803; settled
in V. C. 1823.

Peer, David; farmer; 2 m w Dana. Born in V. C. 185 1. Dem.
Protestant.

Peer, Robert; farmer; \ m s Illiana. Born in V. C. 1849.
Dem. Protestant.

Peer, John ; farmer; 2^ msw Dana. Born in V. C. 1834.
Dem. Protestant.

Powers, J. L. ; retired physician; 3 m w Dana. Born in Va.
1803; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Christian.

Pearman, Benjamin; farmer; 2 m s e Dana. Born in Ky. 1823;
settled in V. C. 1823. Rep. United Brethren.

PUFFER, REUBEN; farmer; 4 m s Dana P. O. Born in
Mass. 1826; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem. M. Baptist.

PUFFER, MORGAN; farmer; 4 m s Dana P. O. Born in V.
C. 1846. Dem. M. Baptist.

25O VERMILLION COUNTY.

Pauley, Walter; farmer; l| m n w St. Bernice P. O. Born in
Ind. 1834; settled in V. C. 1844.

Payton, James M.; farmer; 1 m n St. Bernice P. O. Born in
Ky. 1800; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. U. Brethren.

Price, William M.; farmer; li m n St. Bernice. Born in Md.
1811; settled in V. C. 1838. Dem.

Price, William H.; farmer; ij m n St. Bernice. Born in V. C.
1849. Dem.

Ponton, S.; retired farmer; i|msw Montezuma. Born in Va.
1787; settled in V. C. 1835. Methodist.

PEARMAN, JOHN; carpenter and joiner; Hillsdale. Born in
Ky. 1818; settled in V. C. 1829. Dem. Christian.

Parman, Samuel; carpenter; Hillsdale. Born in V. C. 1849.
Dem. Christian.

Parman, Adam; carpenter and joiner; Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1854. Dem. Christian.

Pearman, W. R. ; farmer; 7 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1849.
Indpt. Protestant.

Pearman, Cebert; farmer; 6 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1847.
Rep. United Brethren.

Pearman, L. D.; farmer; 2 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1848. Rep. United Brethren.

Prichard, Elias; general merchant; Bono; 3 m s Dana. Born in
V. C. 1838. Rep. Methodist.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 25 I

Peet, J. L. ; merchant; Toronto; if ms Dana. Born in V. C.
1840. Dem. Protestant.

Potter, Lewis; farmer; 2^ m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1834;
settled in V. C 1861. Rep. U. Brethren.

Pyle, Samuel; farmer; 3! m s w Hillsdale. Born in Ohio 1824;
settled in V. C. 1826. Dem. Protestant.

Pearman, William; farmer; ^ m s Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1835. Rep. United Brethren.

Pluffs, M. C, firm of Pluffs & Van Bantin; general merchandise;
Summit Grove. Born in Ky. 1835; settled in V. C. 1874.
Rep. Protestant.

Panton, J. S.; farmer; \y2 m s w Montezuma. Born in Ohio
1831; settled in V. C. 1835. Rep. Methodist.

Payton, Marion; farmer; 6 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1837.
Rep. Protestant.

Payton, John S.; farmer; 5 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1846. Rep. Protestant.

Payton, A. M.; farmer; 3 m n e Saint Bernice. Born in Ky.
1823; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. United Brethren.

Pearman, S. D. ; farmer; 1^ m s w Dana P. O. Born in Ky.
1825; settled in V. C. 1828. Rep. United Brethren.

Pearman, David; farmer; 5 £ m s e Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1843. Rep. United Brethren.

252 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Payton, James; farmer; 5^mse Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1835. Rep.

Russell, David; farmer; 2| m e Dana. Born in V. C. 1830.
Dem. Protestant.

ROGERS, JOHN; farmer; 2% m n e Dana. Born in V. C.
1827. Rep. Methodist.

Redman, J.W.; farmer; i]4 m n w Dana. Born in V. C. 1855.
Dem. Protestant.

Roshstan, H. \V.; farmer; 3! m s w Dana. Born in Ohio 18 16;
settled in V. C. 1833. R-eP- Presbyterian.

Ritchey, Stephen; farmer; 4 m s \v Dana. Born in Ind. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1867. Dem. Protestant.

RHODES, WILLIAM ; clerk; i| m s Dana. Born in V. C.
185 1. Dem. Protestant.

Richards, John; farmer and saw milling; firm of Koonce & Rich-
ards; ^mse Dana. Born in Ind. 1839; settled in V. C.
1856. Dem. Protestant.

Russell, Richard R. ; farmer; il/2 m n Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1839. Dem. Protestant.

Randall, W. C; farmer; 3 m n w Hillsdale. Born in Ohio
1828; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Christian.

Ralstan, John R.; farmer; 2ms Dana. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Presbyterian.

KELT TOWNSHIP. 253

Russell, Samuel; farmer; 3 m n w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1850. Dem. Protestant.

Russell, Mahlon; farmer; 3J m s w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1833. Dem. Protestant.

Rhodes, Richman; farmer; 7 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C.
1837. Rep. Protestant.

Russell, William, Sr. ; farmer; 3 m n w Hillsdale. Born in Va.
1797; settled in V. C. 1829. Dem. Protestant

Russell, William; farmer; 3 m n w Hillsdale. Born in V. C.
1848. Dem. Protestant.

Ryland, David; farmer; 1% m e Dana. Born in Ind. 1842;
settled in V. C. 1871. Rep. Protestant.

Russell, M. C; farmer; 5 J m n w Clinton. Born in Ky. 1835;
settled in V. C. 1871. Dem. Presbyterian.

RUSH, JAM-ES ; farmer ; 7I m n w Clinton. Born in Ohio
1817; settled in V. C. 1819. Rep. Protestant.

Rush, Fred.; farmer; 7|mnw Clinton. Born in V. C. 1858.
Rep. Protestant.

Rhodes, Stephen ; wagon maker; Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
Ky. 1822; settled in V. C. 1826. Rep.

RUSSELL, RICHARD R.; farmer; h mn Hillsdale P. O.
Born in V. C. 1839. Dem.

REED, JOHN J.; farmer; if m n w Saint Bernice. Born in
V. C. 1852. Rep.

254 VERMILLION COUNTA.

REED, DAVID ; farmer; I ^ m n w Saint Bernice P. O. Born
in N. C. 1825; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Methodist.

REED, JOHN W.; farmer; 1 m n w Saint Bernice P. O. Born
in N. C. 1822; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Methodist.

REED, L. H.; school teacher; 1 m n w Saint Bernice P. O.
Born in V. C. 1849. Rep. Methodist.

REED, A. M.; farmer; 1 m n w Saint Bernice P. O. Born in
V. C. 1852. Rep.

Reed, Jacob; farmer; i^ms Saint Bernice P. O. Born in V. C

SOUTHARD, WESLEY; farmer : 3 m n Clinton. Born in Va.
181 1; settled in V. C. 1829. Rep. Protestant.

Southard, H. R.; farmer and school teacher; 3 m n Clinton.
Born in V. C. 1853. Rep. Protestant.

Southard, E.; farmer; 3 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1856.
Rep. Protestant.

Strain, D. E. , Jr.; farmer; 2% m s w Summit Grove. Born in
Ind. 1837; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep. Methodist.

STRAIN, DANIEL; farmer; 2^ ms w Summit Grove. Born
in Ohio 1 821; settled in V. C. 1848. Rep. Methodist.

STRAIN, J. H.; student at State Normal School, Terre Haute;
2]/2 m s \v Summit Grove. Born in V. C. 1853. Rep.
Protestant.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 255

Shaffer, Henry; farmer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in Germany,
1837; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Protestant.

Saxton, George W.; farmer; 2J m s w Hillsdale. Born in V.
C. 1838. Rep. Protestant.

Staats, Samuel; farmer; 4 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1849.
Rep. Protestant.

Staats, J. O.; farmer; 4 ms e Dana. Born in V. C. 1847. Rep.
Protestant.

Staats, Joseph; farmer and dealer in short horn cattle and Berk-
shire hogs; 4 m s e Dana. Born in Va. 1801; settled in V.
C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

Shelly, John B.; farmer and cooper; 3 m s e Dana. Born in
Va. 1826; settled in V. C. 1862. Indp. U. Brethren.

Shepard, Hiram; physician and surgeon; Dana. Born in V. C.
1836. Dem. Protestant.

Skidmore, George; farmer; ^ m n w Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1824. Rep. Methodist.

Stewart, J. F.; farmer; 3^ m n e Dana. Born in Va. 1825 ;
settled in V. C. 1857. ReP- Protestant.

Sturm, John ; farmer ; 2 m n e Dana. Born in Wertemburg,
Germany, 1838; settled in V. C. 1864. Dem. Protestant.

Santhard, H.; farmer; ij m n w Dana. Born in V. C. 185 1.
Rep. Protestant.

Sturm, Henry; farmer; 1 m sw Dana. Born in Germany 18 — ;
settled in V. C. 1864.

256 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Smith, X. R.; farmer; 3J-2 m s e Dana. Born in N. Y. 1832;
settled in V. C. ICS42. Dem. Protestant.

Short, R.; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove.

Short, E.; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove.
Short, Richard; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove.

Strain, John; farmer and stock trader; 1 m s w Summit Grove.
Born in Ohio 1806; settled in V. C. 1849. ^eP- Prot-

Skidmore, Josiah; farmer; J m from Summit Grove. Born in
V. C. 1 83 1. Rep. Methodist.

Sturgin, John F. ; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ky. 1822;
settled in V. C. 1865. Dem. Protestant.

SMITH, GEORGE W.; farmer; 4^ m s e Dana. Born in 111.
1847; settled in V. C. 1848. Rep. United Brethren.

SMITH, JOHN; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio t82o;
settled in V. C. 1848. Rep.

Staats, John H.; farmer; 5 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1806;
settled in V. C. 1829. Rep. Methodist.

Shecly, G. W.; farmer; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Bo'-n in Ohio
18 17; settled in V. C. 1841. Rep. Protestant.

Sheely, B. H.; fanner; 3 m n w Summit Grove. Born in V.
C. 1847. Rep. United Brethren.

STOKESBERRY, M. H.;' farmer; 5 m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1840. Rep. Methodist.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 257

STOKESBERRY, P. M.; farmer; 4% m n w Clinton. Born
in Ohio 1808; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Methodist.

Stokesberry, A.; farmer; 4% m w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1844.
Rep. Methodist.

Seely, Charles ; telegraph operator; Hillsdale. Born in Ind.
1847; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Protestant.

STAATS, JOSEPH & SONS; BREEDERS OF AND DEAL-
ERS IN SHORT HORN CATTLE AND BERKSHIRE
HOGS ; farm and residence 4 m s e Dana.

SKIDMORE, WILLIAM; farmer; Toronto P. O.; residence 6
m s w Dana. Born in V. C. 18 19. Rep. Protestant.

Skidmore, Andrew; farmer; 5 y2 m s w Dana P. O. Born in
V. C. 1846. Rep.

Skidmore, Edwin; farmer; 5^ m s w Dana P. O. Born in V.
C. 1853.

Skidmore, Sarah J.; farmer; 5^ m s w Dana P. O. Born in
Ohio 1827; settled in V. C. 1834. Methodist.

Skidmore, W. H.; farmer; 6 m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1853. Rep.

Skidmore. G. F. ; farmer; 6 m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1855. Rep. Methodist.

Skidmore, J. F.; farmer; 6 m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1857. Rep.

17

258 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Skidmore, T. J.; farmer; 5 m s w Dana P. O. Born in V. C.
1849. R-eP- Methodist.

Shepherd, Thomas; boot and shoemaker; St. Bernice. Born in
Ky. 1828; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Shaw, C. W.; farmer; 3 J m s w Dana P. O. Born in Va. 1823;
settled in V. C. 1864. Indpt.

Smith, C. H.; farmer and mechanic; 3J m s Dana P. O. Born
in N. Y. 1836.

TWEEDY, WAKEFIELD; physician and surgeon; Saint Ber-
nice. Born in Illinois 1836; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep.
Christian.

TILLOTSON, GEORGE B. ; MERCHANT ; FIRM OF
PRICHARD AND TILLOTSON, GENERAL MER-
CHANDISING; Bono P. O.; 3ms Dana. Born in V. C.
1850. Rep. M. Baptist.

TILLOTSON, DANIEL G.; farmer; 4* m s Dana P. O. Born
in V. C. 1825. Rep. M. Baptist.

Tillotson, William T. ; farmer; 4^ m s Dana P. O. Born in
V. C. 1854. Rep. M. Baptist.

Temple, George W.; farmer; i]£ m s Dana. Born in N. H.
1820; settled in V. C. 1841. Rep. Methodist.

TAYLOR, W. M.; general merchandise; firm of Taylor & Bro.;
Bono and Dana. Born in V. C. 1844. Dem. Presb.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 259

Thompson, M.; farmer; 2ms Hillsdale. Born in V. C. 1826.
Rep. Methodist.

Thompson, Walles; 25^ ms Hillsdale. Born in Ky. 1819.
Protestant.

Thomas, T. J.; farmer; 1 m n Hillsdale. Born in Ky. 1840.
Dem. Protestant.

Thomas, John ; farmer; if m n Hillsdale. Born in Ind. 1833;
settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Protestant.

Terry, L. M.; farmer; 2% m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1845.
Rep. Protestant.

Thomas, M. Henry ; farmer; ^ m n Dana. Born in Germany
1832; settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Protestant.

Thompson, H. M.; blacksmith; Bono; 3ms Dana. Born in
Ind. 1840; settled in V. C. 1873. ReP- Methodist.

Tullis, Samuel; farmer; Bono; 3ms Dana. Born in Va. 1794;.
settled in V. C. 1835. Rep. Christian.

Thorn, J. J.; farmer; 3J m e Dana. Born in Ky. 1816; settled
in V. C. 1864. Dem. Protestant.

Thorn, F. P.; farmer; 3J m s e Dana. Born in Ky. 1853; set-
tled in V. C. 1864. M. Baptist.

Taylor, Sanford ; farmer; 6 m s e Dana. Born in V. C. 1847..
Dem. Protestant.

Taylor, J. W.; farmer; 6 m n e Dana. Born in V. C. 1835..
Rep. Protestant.

260 VERMILLION COUNTY.

TILLATSON, G. B.; farmer; 4^ m s Dana. Born in V. C.
1825. Rep. M. Baptist.

Tillatson, Wm. T.; farmer; 4^ m s Dana. Born in V. C. 1854.
Rep. M. Baptist.

Thompson, Charles; farmer; 3ms Dana. Born in Ind. 1854;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. M. Baptist.

Thompson, David; farmer; ij m n w Dana. Born in Ind. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. Protestant.

Thompson, Mrs. Lucinda; farmer; 2 m s w Dana. Born in Md.
1 8 13; settled in V. C. 1856. M. Baptist.

Thompson, Wm.; boot and shoemaker; i|ms Dana. Born in
Ky. 1 8 18; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem. Protestant.

Thompson, David D.; farmer; 1^ m s Dana. Born in Ky.
1827; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem. Protestant.

TAYLOR, J. M.; MERCHANT; firm of W. M. Taylor &Bro.;
Bono and Dana; 3ms Dana. Born in V. C. 1849. Dem.
Protestant.

TAYLOR, N. E. ; farmer; Bono; 3ms Dana. Born in Ky.
1823; settled in V. C. 1839. Dem. Protestant.

Underwood, Jacob ; farmer ; 3 m w Hillsdale P. O. Born in
Pa. 1818; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. United Brethren.

Underwood, William; wagon maker; 2|msw Hillsdale.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 26 1

UNDERWOOD, OBADIAH; farmer; i m s w Hillsdale P. O.
Born in Pa. 1822; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Underwood, Joseph; farmer; 2|msw Hillsdale.

Vonhoutin, Emmit; merchant; Summit Grove. Born in III.
1852; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

Vanduyn, J. H.; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in V. C. 1851.
Republican.

VANDUYN, JOHN; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton P. O. Born in
N. J. 1803; settled in V. C. 1826. Rep. Methodist.

VONHUSS, B. H.; farmer; 4 m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Tenn. 1839; settled in V. C. 1863. Dem.

VANDUYN, FRANK B.; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1854. Rep.

VANDUYN, MARION; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton. Born in
V. C. 1856.

Vanduyn, Charles J.; farmer; 4 m n w Clinton P. O. Born in
V. C. 1852. Rep.

Wilson, John ; farmer ; 4 m n w Summit Grove P. O. Born in
V. C. 1845. Dem.

Watson, James ; farmer ; 5^ m n w Clinton P. O. Born in Ind.
1849; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

262 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Wells, A. E. ; farmer; 8 m n w Clinton P. O. Born in Ind.
1 841; settled in V. C. 1871.

WISHARD, JAMES L.; FARMER; 6 m n w Clinton P. O.
Born in Ky. 1794; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Meth.

WISHARD, J. H.; FARMER ; 6 m n w Clinton P. O. Born
in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

Whetsel, Andrew ; harness maker ; 1 m e St. Bernice P. O.
Born in Ohio 18 16; settled in V. C. 1847. R-eP-

Wells, J. R.; farmer; 3 m s w Dana. Born in Ky. 1839; set"
tled in V. C. 1873. Dem. Protestant.

Wishard, Stewart; farmer; 3J m's Dana. Born in V. C. 1854.
Rep. Protestant.

WISHARD, JOHN R.; 2| m s Dana. Born in Ky. 1808; set-
tled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Methodist.

Wishard, James A.; farmer; 2|ms Dana. Born in Ind. 1850;
settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Protestant.

Wishard, John A.; farmer; 2^ m s Dana. Born in Ind. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Protestant.

Wellman, Elijah; farmer; 4 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1809;
settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Methodist.

Wilson, J. C. ; 2 m s w Montezuma. Born in Pa. 1827; settled
in V. C. 1857. ReP- Methodist.

Wellman, W. B.; farmer; 4 m s e Dana. Born in Ohio 1846;
settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Methodist.

HELT TOWNSHIP. 263

White, J. H., Jr.; farmer; 3^ m n Clinton. Born in V. C.
1843. R-eP- Protestant.

White, R. M.; farmer; 3! m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1840.
Rep. Protestant.

WHITE, JAMES H.; farmer; 3 m n Clinton. Born in Tenn.
1805; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Protestant.

White, Warren; farmer; 3 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1848.
Rep. Protestant.

White, F. P.; farmer; 3 m n Clinton. Born in V. C. 1836. Rep.
Protestant.

White, C. M.; medical student; 3 m n Clinton. Born in V. C.
1853. Rep. Methodist.

WALKER, GEORGE; farmer; Highland. Born in Ind. 1848;
settled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Christian.

Wishard, R. T. ; undertaker, and dealer in furniture; Bono; 3
m s Dana. Born in Ind. 1848; settled in V. C. 1854.
Rep. Methodist.

White, Enoch ; farmer and grazier ; ]/2 m n w Summit Grove.
Born in Ky. 1814; settled in V. C. 1821. Rep. Meth.

WHITE, S. R.; farmer and grazier; y2 m n w Summit Grove.
Born in V. C. 1838. Rep. Methodist.

WHITE, O. J.; farmer and grazier; 1 m s w Summit Grove.
Born in V. C. 1833. R-eP- Protestant.

264 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Wood, M. B.; minister M. E. Church; Born in Ind. 1840; set-
tled in V. C. 1873.

Watson, Dewitt C. ; farmer; 3 ^ m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Ohio 1 83 1. Rep. Protestant.

Wilson, Able B.; farmer; 4^ m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Ky. 1S16; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem. United Brethren.

Wilson, Able, Jr.; farmer; 4} m n w Summit Grove. Born in
Ind. 1853; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem. Protestant.

Wilman, R. A.; merchant; Saint Bernice. Born in Md. 1822;
settled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

Wilson, H. M.; blacksmith; Saint Bernice. Born in N.Y. 1831;
settled in V. C. 1873.

Wishard, John O.; farmer; 1 m n Saint Bernice. Born in Ky.
1805; settled in V. C. 1834. Rep. United Brethren.

Watson, D. C; carpenter and contractor; 2} m n w Summit
Grove P. O. Born in Ohio 1830; settled in V. C. 1836.
Rep.

York, Mrs. Elizabeth; residence Bono; P. O. Dana. Born in
Ky. 18 1 5; settled in V. C. 1864. Christian.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 265

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP.

Vermillion is a French word and should be spelled with
only one 1, though one of the best scholars of this county-
ordered us to put in two, and as we have learned long since,
"When in Rome to do as Rome does," of course we obeyed
orders. Webster says it signifies "A bright-red sulphuret of
mercury, consisting of sixteen parts of sulphur and one hun-
dred parts of mercury. It is sometimes found native, of a red
or brown color and is then called Cinnabar. It is used as a
pigment." The early French who first explored this beautiful
valley, doubtless found some minerals of this character, which
led them to give the name of " Big Vermillion" and "Little
Vermillion " to the two rivers flowing through the county.

Vermillion is the capital township of the county, Newport
being the county seat. It is bounded on the north by Eugene
and on the south by Helt townships, on the east by the Wabash
river and on the west by the boundary line of Illinois. Like
Eugene and other townships in the county, its surface consists
of river bottoms, hill lands and prairie. The soil is rich and
produces liberally all the usual grains and^fruits of the climate.
It is well timbered and healthy, and presents many rural scenes
of marked beauty and attractiveness.

The county seat was laid out by Stephen S. Collett in the
year 1824, and the county was organized in the same year.

266 VERMILLION COUNTY.

The first court was held in the cabin of James Blair, in
Eugene township, a few hundred yards from the present resi-
dence of Hon. John Collett, and by order of the court changed
the next day to the cabin of Mr. Josephus Collett, Sr.

The town of Newport is located on a plain which is lined on
the south by a beautiful range of hills or river terraces, over-
looking the village, and which give the surroundings the aspect
of a romantic locality.

The Little Vermillion winds its modest way on the north, while
the plain, on which the town is situated, stretches away to the
east until it meets the waters of the Wabash.

Limited in population, and wholly unpretending in manufac-
tories or enterprise, the county seat, though three-fourths of a
mile from the depot of the E. T. H. & C. R. R., may still be
set down as a lovely little rural village. Its population is about
500.

The first commissioners of the county were John Hain, Thos.
Durham and Isaac Chambers, who appointed W. W. Kennedy
Clerk of the Court.

The early history of the bar of tkis county, if written out,
would make an interesting chapter in jurisprudence, as well as
in forensic eloquence. But as most of these lawyers held their
homes in other counties, the story of their lives does not belong
here.

The bar of the present day, here, comprises R. E. & M. G.
Rhoads, Joshua Jumps, Robert Seers, Charles W. Ward and —
Whitmore. Of physicians they have Drs. M. L. Hall,
Clark Leavette and L. Sheperd.

The present county officers are, W. M. Gibson, Clerk; Thos.
Cushman, Auditor; James A. Foland, Treasurer; R. E. Ste-

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 267

vens, Recorder; Lewis H. Beekman, Sheriff. Of the first dis-
trict Wm. F. Bales is County Commissioner; Abel Sexton of
the second, and B. M. Riggs of the third. Stephen B. Gard-
ner was one of the early Clerks of the county and served for
many years. He was followed by John M. Rush, A. B. Florer
and James A. Bell.

Of the early settlers of the township many are gone the way
of the earth. Their high respectability and moral worth would
commend them to favorable notices in this connection, but un-
fortunately we have but very limited data to go upon, and,
therefore, can do but little more than to merely insert their
names.

Joel Dicken was one among the first residents of the town-
ship. He came from Prairie Creek, Kentucky, in 1821, and
settled where Newport now stands. His son, Ben. K. Dicken,
now lives about a mile from the county seat.

Among old citizens of worth and respectability who are
living or dead, we may mention Robert Stokes, Adam Zenor,
Wm. Nichols, Major John Gardner, Alexander Moorehead,
Daniel A. Jones, now a resident of Chicago ; John C. Johnson,
Richard Potts, Henry Bitson, &c. Most of these are still living,
and make, among other reputable and prosperous families,
leading citizens of the township and county.

Rev. John W. Parrott, whom we knew when a boy, was the
son of Rev. Robert Parrott, of Evansville. He is a local elder
in the Methodist Church, as his father also was. "Dick," now
known as the Rev. Richard Parrott, lives in Gibson county, and
Judge John F., another brother, lives in Evansville. Major
Robert Parrott, of the One-hundredth Regiment Indiana Vol-
unteers, was killed at Vicksburg. The fortunes of a farm

268

VERMILLION COUNTY.

owned by the father, now covered by the city lots of Evans-
ville, made this whole family rich for life. We are pleased to
find John very highly esteemed among the citizens here.

O. P. Davis, lawyer and farmer, living below the county seat
a few miles, came to the county thirty-four years ago, and after
practicing law for a number of years, has turned his attention to
farming as being a much happier, if not a more honorable
calling, than that of the law. There are but few more intelli-
gent men in the county than O. P. Davis

There is one very respectable newspaper published in New-
port, which is called the Hposier State, S. B. Davis, editor.
It is Republican in politics and agrees with the prevailing senti-
ment of the county.

The business houses of Newport are quite respectable for the
size of the place. The Court House is well built and sub-
stantial, and many of the dwellings look cozy and comfortable.
They have one bank, chartered in 1871, with a capital of
$60,000. Officers, Able Sexton, President, and S. S. Collett,
Cashier.

Vermillion township is nearly eight miles square, and the tax
estimates of its lands is placed at $24 per acre.

There is a fine merchant mill at Newport owned by Curtis &
White.

The improved land of this township may be set down at
20,244 acres, and valued, including the farm implements, at
$766,523. The live stock is estimated at $149,515. Value of
all productions, $180,456. Bushelsof Indian corn raised, 138,630.
Population of the township in 1870, 2,134.

From Edward Y. Jackson, Township Trustee, we get the
following statement of their schools :

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 269

Ten school houses in the country, value $6, 500 ; two in New-
port, one house, value $1,200; scholars enrolled, 800; admitted
to school, 560.

CHURCHES.

Methodist Episcopal Church, Newport ; Rev. Montgomery,
pastor; members, 60; value of church property, $1000. Con-
nected with this church is a highly prosperous Sabbath school ;
number of scholars, 100 ; superintendent, Lewis H. Beckman.

Lebanon Methodist Episcopal Church ; 6 miles southwest of
Newport ; pastor in charge, Rev. Montgomery ; value of church
property, $1000; number of members, 43. This church also has
a small but interesting Sabbath school, conducted by Rufus P.
Little, superintendent; number of scholars, 30.

United Brethren Church; 2*4 miles south of Newport; or-
ganized 1832; Rev. James H. Anderson, pastor; members, 44;
value of church property, $800 ; number of Sabbath school
scholars, 30; James M. Nichols, superintendent.

Vermillion Chapel ; four miles southwest of Newport ; Rev.
E. Mason, pastor; number of members, 25; value of church
property, $1000 ; class-leader, R. Clearwater; trustees, Richard
Clearwater, John Highfill, W. Carmack and Henry Jackson.

Presbyterian Church, Newport ; small in membership ; no
regular pastor; a good church property, worth $1000.

Friends' Church, Quaker Hill ; small membership.

Bethel Chapel, United Brethren Church ; two miles south of
Newport; Rev. James H. Anderson, pastor; value of property,
$800 ; number of members, 30. Has a small Sabbath school,
with an average attendance of 15 scholars; James M. Nichols,
superintendent; Wm. Nichols, Jr., and James F. Wells, trus-
tees ; Sabbath school was organized in 1874.

27O VERMILLION COUNTY.

SECRET SOCIETIES.

Newport Lodge, No. 209, F. & A. M.; A. Sexton, W. M.;
R. M. Sexton, S. W.; Seth Knight, J. W.; Joshua Jump, Sec.;
members, 30 ; value of property, $2, 500.

DIRECTORY OF VERMILLION TOWNSHIP.

AYE, JOHN; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 111. 1837; set-
tled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Methodist.

Asbury, James; farmer; 4 m s w Newport P. O. Born in Va.
18 1 5; settled in V. C. 1828. Broad Church.

ARRASMITH, THOMAS G.; merchant tailor; Newport.
Born in V. C. 1832. Dem. Universalist.

Aldridge, James F. ; farmer; 7 m s w Newport P. O. Born in
Decatur county 1829; settled in V. C. 1857. Dem. Broad
Church.

Arrasmith, J. H.; farmer; 3^ m w Newport P. O. Born in
1838. Rep. Broad Church.

Arrasmith, Wm.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1853.
Rep. Broad Church.

Arrasmith, W. C; carpenter; Newport. Born in Ind. 1841 ;
settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep.

Axton, John; bricklayer; 1 m s w Newport. Born in V. C.

1838. Dem.

♦

Aldridge, David ; retired; 4 m s w Newport. Born in N. C.
1790; settled in V. C. 1836. Christian.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 27 1

Aldridge, B. F.; farmer; 4 m s w Newport. Born in Ky. 1839.
Christian.

Adams, John; farmer; 5^ m n w Newport. Born in Ohio 1825;
settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Adams, William; farmer; 5^ m nw Newport. Born in Ohio
1852; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Arrasmith, Alva; farmer; 5 y2 m n w Newport. Born in Ky.
1808; settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Methodist.

Arrasmith, Thomas T. ; farmer; 5^ ra w Newport. Born in
Ind. 1838; settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep.

Billing, James W.; farmer; \]/2 m s Newport. Born in V.
C. 1833.

Brown, James W.; sawmilling; 1 m s Newport. Born in Tenn.
1850; settled in V. C. 1873.

Bunson, Oliver; blacksmith; \ m s Newport. Born in Ind.
1850.

BROKAW, A. C; painter; \\ m s Newport. Born in N. J.
1842; settled in V. C. 1866.

Bush, John S. ; farmer; 2{ m s Newport. Born in Ind. 1828;
settled in V. C. 1835. Dem-

Brindley, George; farmer; 2 m s e Newport. Born in Ky. 1800;
settled in V. C. 1830. United Brethren.

272 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Brindley, George W.; farmer; 2 m s e Newport. Born in V.
C. 1843.

Brown, David; farmer; J^msw Newport. Born in Ind. 1823;
settled in V. C. 1828.

Brown, John S.; farmer; 1^ m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1852; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. Cumberland Pres.

Brindley, Eli; farmer; 2 m s w Newport. Born in V. C. 1838.
United Brethren.

Brown, S. ; farmer; 5 m s w Newport. Born in Ky. 1835; set-
tled in V. C. 1866.

Bennett, J. A.; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in Ind. 1831;
settled in V. C. 1861. Rep.

Barker, John; laborer; 5^ m w Newport. Born in Ohio 1838;
settled in V. C. 1863. Dem.

Burlison, E. H.; agent; Newport. Born in N. Y. 1850; settled
in V. C. 1874.

Betson, Hamilton; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in N. Y. 1842;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. Broad Church.

Betson, Amos; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in N. Y. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Broad Church.

Ballard, George; farmer; 8 m s w Newport P. O. Born in
Orange county 1840. Dem. Broad Church.

Ballard, John A. ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Orange co.
1832. Dem. Broad Church.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 273

Ballard, Thos. N. ; farmer; 8 m s w Newport P. O. Born in
Orange county 1830. Dem. Broad Church.

Iteachey, D. S. ; sewing machine agent; Newport P. O. Born in
Pa. 1843; settled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Broad Church.

BOGART, ISAAC ; farmer ; Quaker Point, 8 m w Newport.
Born in 1837. Dem. Old Style Baptist.

Blunt, Thomas ; carpenter; Newport P. O. Born in Ind. 1830;
settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Broad Church.

Bowers, George J.; sawyer; Newport P. O. Born in Va. 1833.
Rep. Methodist.

BOGART, WILLIAM; farmer; Quaker Point. Born in 1847.
Dem. Baptist.

Bogart, Julius ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Tenn. 181 1~
settled in V. C. 1832. Dem. Methodist.

BECKMAN, LEWIS H.; Sheriff of Vermillion county. Born
in V. C. 1 841. Rep. Methodist.

Brown, Thomas J.; boot and shoemaker; Newport. Born im
Ky. 1 801; settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Presbyterian.

Betson, Robert; farmer; 5I m s w Newport P. O. Born in N..
Y. 1829; settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. Broad Church..

18

274 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Carpenter, Augustus; miller; |ms Newport. Born in N. Y.
1834; settled in V. C. 1870.

Carnes, A. L. ; farmer; 2^ ms Newport. Born in Ohio 1846;
settled in V. C. 1874.

Clearwater, R. H.; farmer; i| m s Newport. Born in Ind.
1 84 1. Methodist.

Conrad, John; farmer; 1 m s w Newport. Born in Ky. 1807;
settled in V. C. 1872.

Conrad, Joseph; farmer; 1 m s w Newport. Born in 111. 1835;
settled in V. C. 1869.

Clark, Ross; farmer; 3 msw Newport. Born in Ohio 1797; set-
tled in V. C. 1830. Dem.

Clark, G. W.; farmer; 3 m s w Newport. Born in V. C. 1834;
Dem.

Clark, Samuel; 3ms w Newport. Born in Ohio 1828; settled
in V. C. 18— Dem. Methodist.

Clark, Ezra; farmer; 4ms w Newport. Born in Ohio 181 1;
settled in V. C. 1832. Indpt.

COLLETT, WILLIAM; farmer. Born in V. C. 1842. Rep.
Protestant.

COLLETT, STEPHEN S.; banker; Newport. Born in Eu-
gene 1829. Temperance. Rep.

Cain, George; farmer; 2\ m west of north of Newport P. O.
Born in 111. 1844; settled in V.C. 1863. Dem. Broad Church.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 275

CARPENTER, A.; miller; Newport. Born in N. Y. 1829;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem. Broad Church.

Cross, J. W.; farmer; 3 m w Newport P. O. Born in N. Y.
1836; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep.

Clearwater, Richard ; farmer ; 5 m s w Newport P. O. Born in
Montgomery Co. 1830; settled in V. C. 1830. Democrat.
Methodist.

CUSHMAN, THOMAS; Auditor V. C; Newport. Born in
N. Y. 1 8 14; settled in V. C. 1836. Rep. Protestant.

Chapman, Simeon; farmer. Born in Ind. 1845; settled in V. C.
1856. Dem. Broad Church.

Castle, Z.; farmer; 2 m n Dana. Born in 1835. Rep.

Clark, William ; carpenter ; 3 m w Newport P. O. Republican.
Methodist.

CALDWELL, F. M.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1836.
Broad Church.

CURTIS, ANDREW; MILLER; Newport P. O. Born in 111.
1845; settled in V. C. 1847. Rep.

Culley, H. S.; carpenter; Newport P. O. Born in N. Y. 1826.
Rep. Methodist.

Cormack, Andrew ; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in Tenn.
1827 ; settled in V. C. 1842. Dem. Methodist.

Cormack, George F.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1850.
Dem. Broad Church.

276 VERMILLION COUNTY,

COOKE, JOSEPH C; physician; residence Willow Brook
Farm ; 8 miles west of Newport P. O. Born in Piqua
county, Ohio, 18 19; settled in V. C. 1845. Dem. Old
Style Baptist. His father emigrated to Wabash in 1821,
and died near Montezuma in 1865, aged 80 years. He

bought his farm at the land sales in 1822. Five hundred
Indians have passed his cabin in a day.

Connett, Daniel ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio 1837.
Rep. Broad Church.

Cormack, Alfred ; farmer; 6 m s w Newport. Born in Tenn.
1 8 14; settled in V. C. 183 1. Dana P. O. Rep. Methodist.
His father died here in 1863, aged 75.

Clearwater, Nathan A. ; farmer; 5 m w Newport P. O. Born in
111. 1850. Dem. Broad Church.

CONLY, H. H.; teacher; Newport. Born in Ind. 1843. Rep.
Methodist.

Cooke, James; tenant farmer; 5 m s w Eugene. Born in Ky.
1845; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Coonce, Chas. W.; tenant farmer; Longo P. O., 111.; 6 m w
Newport. Born in Ind. 1850; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Clearwaters, John W.; farmer; 4|msw Newport. Born in V.
C. 1831.

Dallas, Hugh; farmer and stock trader; 3^ m n w Newport.
Born in Ohio 1809; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 277

Dallas, William H.; farmer; 3 J m n w Newport. Born in Va.
1840; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep.

Davis, Francis M.; farmer; 4 m n w Newport. Born in V. C.
1838. Dem.

Davis, G. H.; farmer; 4 m n w Newport. Born in V. C. 1843.
Dem.

Dicken, Daniel C; farmer; Newport P.O. Born in V. C. 1822.
Rep. Protestant.

Dallas, Spencer H.; Post Master; Newport. Born in Va. 1836;
settled in V. C. 1841. Rep. Broad Church.

DICKEN, F. M.; farmer; 1 m w Newport P. O. Born in V.
C. 185 1. Rep. Protestant.

Duzan, James; carpenter; Newport P. O. Born in Ky. 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1835. R-eP- Protestant.

DOSS, W. W.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ky. 18 17; set-
tled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Broad Church.

Dillon, Henry; butcher; Newport. Born in 1854. Indept.
Broad Church.

Deheaben, Perry ; farmer ; 2 m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1847. ReP-

Dunlap, Alexander ; farmer ; 1 y± m west of north of Newport.
Born in Md. 18 13; settled in V. C. 1833. Indpt.

Dunlap, Charles ; farmer ; 1 ^ m west of north of Newport.
Born in 111. 1848; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

2/8 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Dicken, Mrs. Martha; widow of Simeon Dicken ; 2^ m nw
Newport. Born in Ky. 1804; settled in V. C. 1822.

Dicken, Benjamin K., Sen.; farmer and carpenter; 2^ m n w
Newport. Born in V. C. 1841. Rep.

DICKEN, B. K., Jr.; engineer; 2\ m west of north of New-
port. Born in 111. 1854; settled in V. C. 1859. R-eP-

Doss, W. P.; farmer; Newport. Born in V. C. 1843. Dem.

Dawson, Frank ; farmer ; 6 m n w Newport. Born in V. C.
1852. Rep.

DAVIS, SAMUEL; farmer, and proprietor of Poor House ; 2
m s Newport. Born in Ohio 181 1 ; settled in V. C. 1829.
Methodist.

Davis, R. N.; farmer; \\ m s e Newport. Born in V. C. 1845.

Davis, R. ; farmer; 1 \ m s e Newport. Born in Ind.; settled in
V. C. 1845. Rep. Methodist.

Douglass, George T.; farmer. Born in Ind. 1844; settled in V.
C. 1857. Dem.

DAVIS, O. P.; farmer; 3ms Newport. Born in N. H. 18 14;
settled in V. C. 1840.

Davis, C. S.; grocer; Newport. Born in Ind. 1844; settled in
V. C. 1844. Methodist.

DAVIS, S. B. ; Editor of Hoosier State ; Newport. Born in
Ind. 1842; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Universalist.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 279

Dicken, B. K.; farmer; 1 m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 18 18.

Deheaben, Samuel ; farmer ; 2 J m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1822; settled in V. C. 1831. United Brethren.

Eggleston, John L.; farmer; 5 m n w Newport. Born in V. C.
1827. Rep.

Eggleston, Henry H.; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in.V.C.
1840. Rep.

EGGLESTON, WILLIAM, Esq. Born in V. C. 1833; studied
law with Gen. Washburn ; now resides in Terre Haute.
His father, Joseph Eggleston, was an old settler of V. C.
Settled here in 1821.

Elder, James A.; farmer; 1 m w Toronto P.O. Born in Brown
Co., Ohio, 1822; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Presbyte-
rian. His father, Samuel Elder, died in N. Y. 1869, aged
75 years.

Elder, Miss S.; widow of Samuel S. Elder, who died in 1863,
aged 58. Born in Ohio 18 10. Methodist.

Elder, Rufus ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1842. Rep.
Broad Church.

Edmonston, Melissa ; widow of Archibald B. Edmonston, who
died in 1865, aged 73. She was born in Ky. 1805; moved
from Dubois Co. to V. C. 183 1. Presbyterian.

2S0 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Fennemore, Samuel; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio 1832.
Dem. Broad Church.

Fortner, Lucinda; widow; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in V.
C. 1854.

Frazer, Allen, Sr.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in V. C. 1847.
Indpt. Broad Church.

FOSTER, ROBERT B.; farmer; 1 m s Quaker Point. Born
in Penn. 1828; settled in V. C. 1867. Indpt. Methodist.

Frazer, Alexander; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1848.
Rep. Broad Church.

Frazer, Elizabeth; widow of William, who died in 1873, aged
57; Newport P. O. Born in Ind. 1822; settled in V. C.
1829.

Foland, James A.; Treasurer of V. C; a valuable citizen and
worthy gentleman. He is about retiring from his official
station with the highest honors.

Fortner, William; 2% va s Newport. Born in Ind. 1844.

Frazier, W. S. ; farmer; i|mse Newport. Born in 1831; set-
tled in Ind. 1871. Rep.

Frazer, Felix; farmer; 2 m s w Newport. Born in V. C. 1844.
Rep. United Brethren.

Fry, David; farmer; ^ m n Newport. Born in V. C. 1829.
Dem.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 28 I

Foland, W. B.; Deputy Treas.; Newport. Born in V. C. 1848.
Rep. Broad Church.

Frazer, Allen; farmer; 4 m w Newport P. O. Born in 1850.
Rep. Broad Church.

Fusselman, J. B. ; carpenter; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio
1825; settled in V. C. 1869. Rep. Presbyterian.

GIBSON, WILLIAM; Clerk of the Court; Newport. Born in
Edinburgh, 1832; settled in V. C. 1863. Dem. Protestant.

Gibben, John G. ; carpenter; Newport. Born in Ohio 18 19;
settled in V. C. 1832. Dem. Methodist. He got five
honorable wounds in the late war.

Gilmore, Richard; farmer; 3 m s w Newport. Born in 1843.
Dem. Broad Church.

GROVES, WM. C; farmer; 5 m w Newport; P. O. Dana.
Born in Tenn. 18 17; settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Meth.
His father died in 1844 — mother in 1874.

Grey, Mrs. Elizabeth; widow; Newport. Born in Va. 18 19.
Methodist.

Grey, David R.; express agent; Newport. Born in V. C. 1852.
Rep.

GILMORE, JOHN, M. D.; 5 m w Newport P. O. Born in
Va. 181 5. Dem. Broad Church.

282 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Gillespie, Garrett; farmer; 6 m s w Newport P. O. Born in Ky.
1S12. Dem. Christian.

Harding, ; farmer; 4I m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1852;

settled in V. C. 1870. Neutral.

Hendraxson, James; farmer; 3^ m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1824.

Harlan, Joseph; farmer; 4^ m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1842.

Haton, Isaiah; farmer; 5 m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1836;
settled in V. C. 1870.

Harvey, Mrs. Josephene ; widow of Nathan Harvey ; 2 m n e
Newport. Born in V. C. 1844.

HIBERLY, FRED.; FARMER AND JUSTICE OF THE
PEACE; 6 m w Newport. Born in Germany 1832; set-
tled in V. C. 1850. Temperance. Evangelican Lutheran.

Harrier, Phillip; farmer; 6h m w Newport. Born in Ind. 1845.
Dem. Methodist.

Hollingsworth, S. ; farmer; Newport. Born in 1836. Rep.

Herbin, Harrison; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Union Co.
1836; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

Hannahs, A.; teamster; Newport. Born in Ky. 1830; settled
in V. C. 1861. Dem.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 283

HANNAHS, IRA ; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio
1849. Dem. Protestant.

Hayworth, James; farmer; Newport P. O. Rep. Friend.

Henderson, Anna; widow of Wm. Henderson; Newport. Born
in Tenn.; settled in V. C. 1824. Friend.

HENDERSON, RICHARD; son of Anna Henderson; farmer;
Newport P. O. Born in V. C. Rep. Friend.

Harlan, John; farmer; 6 m s w Newport P. O. Born in V. C.
1839. Indpt.

Hastey, Robert J.; farmer; Newport P.O. Born in V. C. 1841.
Rep. Protestant.

Hines, John ; shoemaker ; Newport P. O. Born in Germany
1807. Rep. Lutheran.

HALL, JAMES W.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1850.
Rep. Protestant.

Harlan, Joseph R. ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1843.
Dem. Protestant.

HASTEY, HIRAM; saddler; Newport. Born in Ind. 1818;
settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Methodist.

HOLLINGSWORTH, EBER ; farmer and stock trader; 2 m w
Newport P. O. Born in Union county 1822; settled in V.
C. 1823. His father, Carter Hollingsworth, died here in
1866, aged 79.

284 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Haggerty, Frank ; hardware store ; Newport P. O. Born in
Ireland 1834; settled in V. C. 1873.

HALL, M. L. ; physician; Newport. Born in V. C. 1846.
Rep.

Hollingsworth, Simeon H ; 3 m s e Newport. Born in Ind.
1843. Dem.

Hollingsworth, Henry; butcher; Newport. Born in Ind. 1830;
settled in V. C. 1830.

Hopkins, David S.; farmer; y2 m s w Newport. Born in Ohio
1835; settled in V. C. 1835.

Highfill, John; farmer; 2f m s w Newport. Born in V. C.
1828. Dem. Methodist.

Hutson, James H.; saddler and harness maker; 4 m s w New-
port. Born in Ohio 1824; settled in V. C. 1830.

Harlan, Eldridge ; farmer ; 4^ m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1841. Dem.

Harlan, James; farmer; 4J m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1833.
Neutral.

Hall, Samuel J.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1835. Rep.
Protestant. William B. Hall settled here in 1832; died
in 1863, aged 42.

Hartman, John W.; clerk; Newport P. O. Born in Fountain
county 1844; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep. Protestant.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 285

Huff, Wm.; cooper; Newport P. O. Born in Ky. 1812; settled
in V. C. 1835. Rep. United Brethren.

HOPKINS, A. L.; MERCHANT; Newport. Born in 184 1.

Rep. His father, John Hopkins, came to V. C. in 1820,
and died in 1873, aged 68; his mother is yet living.

Hunt, John ; farmer ; 5 m s w Newport P. O. Born in Ohio
1832; settled in V. C. 1853. Dem.

Hollingsworth, John W.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1852.
Rep.

Jines, Milow; engineer; 1 m s w Newport. Born in 111. 185 1;
settled in V. C. 1873.

Jefferys, E. F. ; farmer; 2|ms Newport. Born in Va. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1874.

Jackson, H. F.; retired; 2|ras Newport. Born in Ohio 1798;
settled in V. C. 1832. Protestant.

Jackson, E., Sen.; farmer; 3|ms Newport. Born in Ohio 1807;
settled in V. C. 1830. Rep.

Jackson, T. W.; farmer; 3 m s e Newport. Born in Ohio 18 16-
settled in V. C. 1839.

Johnson, Ure; farmer; 2 m n e Newport. Born in V. C. 1850.
Rep. Prot.

JUMP, J.; attorney at law; Newport. Born in Ohio 1843; set-
tled in V. C. 1869.

286 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Jaggers, Harrison; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio 1828.
Dem.

Jones, Thomas; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio 1830.
Dem.

Jones, William ; farmer ; 7 m n w Newport. Born in Union
co.; settled in V. C. 1828. Dem.

Jones, Samuel; farmer; 7 m w Newport. Born in Ohio 1815 ;
settled in V. C. 1830. Dem.

Jaggers, John; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 185 1. Dem.

Johnson, John C. ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ohio 1807;
settled in V. C. 1834. Rep.

Keyes, James; operator; Newport Station. Born in Mich. 1845.
Dem. Protestant.

Knight, Seth; grocery store; Newport. Born in England 1832;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Methodist.

KAUFMAN, JAMES; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in V. C.
1825. Dem.

Kenneday, M. L.; farmer and teacher; 3 m w Newport P. O.
Born in Ind. 1849. Rep. Newlight.

LEA VITT, CLARK ; PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON ; New-
port. Born in Ind. 1834; settled in V. C. 1856. Liberal.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 287

Lamb, Elias; farmer; i3^ m n w Newport. Born in N.C.I 8 14;
settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. United Brethren.

Lamb, Irvin; farmer; Newport. Born in Ind. 1842; settled in
V. C. 1S71. Rep.

LIVENGOOD, WM. E. ; REAL ESTATE OPERATOR ;
Newport. Born in Ohio 1825; settled in V. C. 1841. Rep.
Protestant.

Little, Wm. L.; school examiner for the county; Newport P. O.
Born in V. C. Republican.

LITTLE, RUFUS P. ; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in V. C.
1837. Rep. Methodist. Son of Charles S. Little, de-
ceased, who settled here in 1 83 1.

Lamb, John ; farmer ; Newport P. O. Born in Wayne county
1849. R-eP-

Mackey, John; saw mill; I m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1852; a
settled in V. C. 1873.

Myers, William; farmer; i£ m s Newport. Born in V. C. 1844.

Maxwell, James; farmer; 2ms Newport. Born in 111. 1847;
settled in V. C. 1848. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Miller, S.; farmer; 3ms Newport. Born in Ky. 1845; settled
in V. C. 1870.

Mitchell, Jesse; farmer; 3ms Newport. Born in Term. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1868.

Masin, W. W.; plasterer; Newport. Born in Ind. 1843; settled
in V. C. 1873.

288 VERMILLION COUNTY.

McPherson, J. M.; minister; Newport. Born in Ala. 1827; set-
tled in V. C. 1873. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Morehead, J. A.; farmer; ]/2 m n Newport. Born in V. C. 1826.

Mason, E.; minister, Newport. Born in Ind. 1828; settled in
V. C 1873.

Morehead, Joseph A.; farmer; ^ m n Newport. Born in V.
C. 1826. Rep.

McKabe, Washington; laborer; Newport. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 1870. Rep.

McKinney, Elihu; tenant farmer; 6 m from Newport.

MANGES, JOHN; farmer; 6 m w Newport. Born in Ohio
1844; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Mullen, John; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Owen Co. 1830.
Democrat.

MOREHEAD, SAMUEL; farmer; 1 m w Newport. Born in
Ohio 1 8 19; settled in V. C. 18 19. Dem.

McConnell, W. S. ; artist; Newport. Born in Ind. 1852. Rep.
Protestant.

McConnell, J. W.; artist; Newport. Born in Pa. 1816; settled
in V. C. 1863. Rep. Protestant.

Myers, John; blacksmith; Newport. Born in 1836. Indpt.

Merriman, Julia A; widow of Peyton Merriman, who died in
1856, aged 50. Born in Harrison county, 1819. Meth.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 289

Myers, Jacob ; farmer ; 7 m s w Newport P. O. Born in Ohio
1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1871. Dem.

Mote, Green; farmer; 8 m w Newport P.O. Born in Vigo Co.
1820; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Friend.

Noyes, C; painter; Newport. Born in Ind. 1838; settled in
V. C. 1850. Rep. Universalist.

Nixon, R. H.; druggist; Newport. Born in 1842. Republican.
Protestant.

NEWLAND, ALFRED; farmer; 1 y2 m s w Newport. Born
in Montezuma 1832. His father died 1872, aged 68 ; his
mother still survives, aged 68. They came to this State
from North Carolina in 1828.

NORRIS, JOHN; farmer; 7 m s w Newport P. O.. Born in V.
C. 1834. Dem. His father, Robert S. Norris, settled in
this county forty-five years ago, and is yet living.

Nichols, Isaac; farmer; 5 m w Newport P. O. Born in 1822;
settled in V. C. when a boy. His parents were old settlers.
Methodist.

Newton, Joseph; farmer; 3^- m s Newport. Born in Ky. 1837;
settled in V. C. 1871.

Nicholas, Daniel; farmer; i^-m s w Newport. Born in Ind.
1850; settled in V. C. 1850.

Mechnos, James M.; farmer; 2 m s w Newport. Born in Ky.
1 8 19. Rep. United Brethren.

19

29O VERMILLION COUNTY.

Nechols, William; farmer; 2 m s w Newport. Born in Va. 1804;
settled in V. C. 183 1. United Brethren.

Nechols, William, Jr.; farmer; 2^ m s w Newport. Born in V.
C. 1835. Rep. United Brethren.

Owen, N. F.; farmer; 2|ms Newport. Born in Tenn 1837;
settled in V. C. 1861. Dem.

Odell, G. W.; groceries; Newport. Born in 111. 1832; settled
in V. C. 1863. Methodist.

Osmond, Philip W. ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ky. 1803;
settled in V. C. 1822. Rep. Methodist.

Osmond, Jabez ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1836. Rep.
Methodist.

Osmond, Archibald; farmer; 8 m s w Newport. Born in 1829.

Parrett, R. A.; lawyer; Newport. Born in Ind. 1852; settled
in V. C. i860. Rep.

PARRETT, JOHN W.; farmer and minister; Newport. Born
in Ind. 1818; settled in V. C. 1850. Methodist.

Parrett, R. W.; merchant; Newport. Born in Ind. 1844; set-
tled in V. C. 1850. Dem.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 2gi

PRICE, ISRAEL; barber; Newport. Born in Ind. 1844; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep.

Potts, H. P.; farmer; 2ms Newport. Born in Ind. 1848.

Potts, Richard; farmer; 2% ms Newport. Born in N. J. 1808;
settled in V. C. 1844.

Potts, Thomas; farmer; 3 m s Newport. Born in Ind. 1850;

PORTER, C. D.; farmer; 3I m s Eugene. Born in V. C.
1842. Rep.

Porter, Wm. J.; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Va. 1823 ;
settled in V. C. 1845. Dem. Indpt.

Place, E. J.; grocery store; Newport. Born in Ohio 1847;
settled in V. C. 1855.

Place, Walter J.; proprietor Newport Hotel. Born in N. Y.
1 8 1 6; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep.

PUGH, EDWIN E.; farmer and carpenter; i]/2 m s Quaker
Point. Born in Pa. 1822; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep.
Friend.

Read, William; farmer; 1 m s Newport. Born in Ky. 1844;.
settled in V. C. 1868.

Reed, William; farmer; I m s w Newport. Born in Ohio 1854;.
settled in V. C. 1868.

292

VERMILLION COUNTY.

Rice, William Z.; farmer; 4 m s w Newport. Born in Ind. 1832;
settled in V. C. 1857. Rep. Christian.

Richardson, John; farmer; 2^ m n w Newport. Born in V. C.
1843. Rep.

Richardson, William; farmer; 2]/2 m n w Newport. Born in
V. C. 1839.

Remley, James; farmer; 2^ m n w Newport. Born in Ohio
1823; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep.

Richardson, James; farmer; 7 m n w Newport. Born in Ind.
185 1 ; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem.

Race, L. J.; blacksmith; Newport. Born in Ohio 1842; settled
in V. C. 1865. Rep.

RHOADS, B. E.; ATTORNEY AT LAW; Newport. Born
in Pa. 1834; settled in V. C. 1861. Rep. Presbyterian.

RHOADS, M. G.; ATTORNEY AT LAW; Newport. Born
in Pa. 1836; settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Presbyterian.

Richards, John; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in N. J. 1824.
Republican.

Sassen, Joseph; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Tenn. 18 12;
settled in V. C. 1868. Liberal. Protestant.

Shepherd, Lewis, M. D.; Newport. Born in Newport 1839.
Dem.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 293

Seigers, Isaiah; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in 1837. Indpt.

Smith, Henry C; tailor; Newport. Born in Germany 1840 ;
Dem. Lutheran.

Shoemaker, Weston ; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Indiana
1838; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Protestant.

Simpson, W. B. W.; billiard rooms; Newport. Born in Ind.
1827; settled in V. C. 1863. Indpt.

Sanders, J. A.; merchant; Newport. Born in Ohio 1839; set-
tled in V. C. 1868. Rep.

Stork, Thomas J.; farmer; 5^4 m from Newport. Born in 111.
1834; settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

Sager, Isaiah; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in Ohio 1825;
settled in V. C. 1849. ReP- Methodist.

Sager, Isaac N.; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in V. C. 1849.
Rep.

Swindell, William; farmer; 3ms Newport. Born in Ohio 1845;
settled in V. C. 1871.

SEXTON, ABEL; BANKER; Newport. Born in N. Y.
1820; settled in V. C. 1843. ReP- Methodist. Merchant
for twenty years in Newport.

STEWART, MARTIN VAN BUREN; farmer; 6 m s w New-
port. Born in V. C. 1838. Rep.

Stevens, Robert E.; Recorder of Vermillion county. Born in
Ohio 1842. Rep.

294

VERMILLION COUNTY.

Shepherd, Ben.; farmer; 7 m w Newport P. O. Born in Ky.
1808; settled in V. C. 1828. Dem. Missionary Baptist.

Stribbling, John W.; farmer; 1^ ms Newport. Born in Ky.
1829; settled in V. C. 1866.

Scott, Sildon ; farmer; \l/i m s Newport. Born in Ky. 181 1;
settled in V. C. 1869. Christian.

Slater, Robert; farmer; 1 m s Newport. Born in Ind.; settled
in V. C. 185 1.

Stokes, R. F. ; farmer; i]4, m s e Newport. Born in Ind.; set-
tled in V. C. 1843. Dem. Regular Baptist.

Sith, Knight; grocer; Newport. Born in England 1831; settled
in V. C. 1865.

Sears, Jackson; farmer; 2% m s w Newport. Born in Ind.;
settled in V. C. 1848. Dem.

Sears, D.; farmer; 3 m s w Newport. Born in Ky. 1808; set-
tled in V. C. 1 84 1. Dem. Christian.

SANDERS, SAMUEL; farmer; 2 m n e Newport. Born in
V. C. 1829. Rep.

Smith, John; farmer; i]4 m n e Newport. Born in 111. 185 1 ;
settled in V. C. 186 1. Dem.

Smith, George; farmer; 2^ m n w Newport. Born in Ohio
1834; settled in V. C. 1863. Dem.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 295

Tincher, Wm. L. ; farmer; 2 J m s Newport. Born in Ky. 1814;
settled in V. C. 1830. Methodist

Tincher, Wm. F.; farmer; 2 J m s Newport. Born in Ind. 1844.
United Brethren.

Triplet, W. L. ; druggist; Newport. Born in Ohio 1847; set-
tled in V. C. 1870.

Triplet, Wm. M.; druggist; firm of Triplet & Son; Newport.
Born in Va. 181 5; settled in V. C. 1870.

Thomas, Joseph; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in 111. 1854;
settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Thomas, James A.; farmer; 5 m w Newport. Born in 111. 1849;
settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Tropts, Isaac; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Va. 1828; settled
in V. C. 1837. Dem. United Brethren.

TRUITT, GEORGE F. ; farmer; 8 m s w Newport. Born in
Ohio 1848. Dem.

Thomas, William P.; three miles west of Newport. Born in
1846. Republican. His mother, widow Catharine Thomas,
was born in Jefferson county, Va. 181 5, and settled in Ver-
million county in 1822, and still lives on the old homestead.
She was the daughter of Jacob Custar, who settled here in
1822, the year of the land sales.

THOMAS, NATHAN; farmer and miller; 5 m n w Newport.
Born in Dubois county 1822; settled in V. C. 1827. Dem.
Methodist. His father, Eli Thomas, died here in 1830.

296 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Vancamp, ; farmer; y2 m e Newport. Born in Ind.; set-
tled in V. C. 1834.

Walthall, Francis; farmer; 6 m s w Newport. Born in 1847.
Rep. Friend.

White, Thomas; farmer; Newport. Born in 185 1. Rep.
Protestant.

WARD, CHARLES W. ; attorney at law; Newport. Born in
N. H. 1847; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

WHITE, C; SAWYER; 1 m s w Newport. Born in Richland
county, Ohio ; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Presbyterian.

White, John L. ; farmer; Newport. Born in Ky. 1826; settled
in V. C. 1830. Indpt.

Webster, Daniel ; farmer; 5 m w Newport P. O. Born in Law-
rence county; settled in V. C. 1864. Rep.

Whitiner, V. E.; Newport. Born in Pa. 1839; settled in V. C.
1873. Dem. Protestant.

White, S.; farmer and saw miller; 1 % m s w Newport. Born
in Ohio 1823; settled in V. C. 1873.

Wiltermood, Henry; farmer; 2^ m s Newport. Born in Ind.
1 821; settled in V. C. 1831.

Wiltermood, G. W.; farmer; 2l/2 m s Newport. Born in V. C.
1843.

VERMILLION TOWNSHIP. 297

Wiltermood, H. F.; farmer; 2^ m s Newport. Born in V. C.
1851.

Wimsett, Jacob; farmer; 2ms Newport. Born in V. C. 1832.

Weller, George; farmer; 5 mnw Newport. Born in Ind. 1829;
settled in V. C. 1830. Dem.

Wallace, Win.; farmer; 5J m n w Newport. Born in Ohio
1817; settled in V. C. 1827. Rep.

Wallace, James; school teacher. Born in V. C. 1849. Dem.

Wells, J. F.; merchant; Newport. Born in Ky. 1819; settled
in V. C. 1838. United Brethren.

Washburn, Wm. O.; attorney at law; Newport. Born in Vigo
county 1844; settled in V. C. 1852. Radical. Presb.

Walthall, Thomas; farmer; Newport P. O. Rep. Friend.

Walthall, Wm.; farmer; Quaker Point. Born in Va. 18 18; set-
tled in V. C. 1842. Rep. Friend.

Wade, A. H.; farmer; 6 m w Newport; Dana P. O. Born in
Ohio 1819; settled in V. C. 1857. Dem. Methodist.

ZENER, ADAM; farmer; Newport P. O. Born in Ky. 1803;
came to Clark county in 18 12, and to V. C. in 1826. Rep.
Methodist.

298 VERMILLION COUNTY.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP.

This Township is bounded on the north by Warren county,
on the south by Eugene township, on the east by the Wabash
river, and on the west by the boundary line of Illinois. It is
watered by Spring, Jordan and Jericho creeks, and Coal Branch ;
all of which take their rise in the north-west, and flow south-east
to the Wabash river.

The area of the township, like the others of the county, is
irregular in its sectional lines, and therefore it varies in both its
sections and square miles. Its length north and south is from
eight to nine miles, and its breadth from five to six.

Its organization dates back to that of the county, in 1824,
when the red men of the forest were seen incidentally on its
hunting grounds, as though they were still mournfully lingering
around the graves of their fathers.

There are two prairies in this township, Mound Prairie on the
north and Sand Prairie on the south. The soil is rich, the scen-
ery beautiful, and the skirting of the bluffs makes the presenta-
tion highly attractive.

Thomas Wright, who settled in the township in 1824, is said
to have brought the first hogs into his neighborhood. It is also
told of him that he tended his first crop of corn with a single
ox. He had been possessed of two, but soon after his arrival

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 299

in the new country one of them sickened and died. It would
seem that such a misfortune was enough to discourage the stout-
est heart. There he was, in an unbroken wilderness, with a
family dependent upon him for support, and his team broken
up. But without waiting to mourn over his trouble, he patched
up a set of old harness and tended his crop with the remaining
ox, thus snatching victory from defeat.

Among the old and distinguished citizens of this township of
the olden days none deserves a more honorable mention than
James Blair. An early settler in the county, he showed him-
self to be a man of energy and public spirit, and took an active
part in every enterprise connected with the interests of the
county. Mr. Blair was a soldier of the war of 18 12, and had
the honor of serving in the marine corps with Com. O. H. Perry
in his engagement on Lake Erie, and received a medal from the
Congress of the United States in testimony of his gallantry.
He laid off the town of Perrysville in 1826, which he named in
memory of his brave Commander, whom he long outlived.
He died in the year 1861.

John Chenewith came to this county in 1824, and settled in
this township on the waters of the Wabash, where he estab-
lished himself as a farmer and raised his family, one of as many
substantial and intelligent qualities as any in the township. He
died in 1857. Thomas Chenewith, of this family, was a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention of 1 85 I , and Isaac Chene-
with served in the State Senate in the years 1844-5.

George Hicks is one of the wealthiest farmers in the town-
ship, and is a son of one of our revolutionary soldiers under
Washington.

Thomas Smith is also a wealthy farmer, and a citizen of libera

300 VERMILLION COUNTY.

enterprise. He is now erecting one of the finest dwellings in
the county.

A story is told of Rev. Joseph S. Barwick, a Methodist
preacher who once traveled the Perrysville Circuit, that while
repairing their old church he held one of his meetings in a pork
house where two of the brethren would not follow him. This
of course stirred the righteous anger of the preacher, and in his
prayer he prayed, "Lord bless Brother Jones and Brother Rose-
burgh and convert them over again. As for me and my house
we are not ashamed to worship thee in a pork house, but they
are. " The brethren were a iittle huffy over the prayer, but
"Joe" didn't care worth a cent.

Perrysville, the capital town of Highland township, is situated
on the west bank of the Wabash River, and one mile north-east

of the Evansville, Terre Haute & Chicago Railroad. Being sur-
rounded with a rich and productive country, as an inland village
it has always been a place of considerable business.

There are now in the place four dry goods and two drug
stores, four grocery stores, one foundry, one woolen mill, one
carriage factory.

The "Perrysville Stove and Machine Works" is worthy of
special notice. The proprietors, H. S. Comingore & Son, have
engaged chiefly in stove manufacturing, and the article they are
making meets the public wishes, and sells extensively over all
this part of the county.

The woolen mill of Riggs & Hepburn turns out blankets,
jeans, flannels and yarns of a prime quality and well manufac-
tured. They are doing a large and profitable business.

The place is well supplied with physicians. The oldest is Dr.
E. T. Spottswood, who has been in practice here since 1823.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 30I

Dr. Lewis Frazee came in 1863; Dr. L. S. Baxter, Dr. D. B.
Johnson and Dr. George M. D. Frazee ; the two latter began in
1870. They constitute an intelligent class of physicians for
such a quiet place.
Population 700.

Gessie is a new town on the E. , T. H. & C. R. R., having
been laid off in March, 1872, by Robert J. Gessie, from whom
it is named. Mr. Gessie was born in Cumberland county, Pa.,
in 1809, and emigrated to Columbus, Bartholomew county, in
1833. In August, 1837, he removed to Perrysville, in this
county, where he engaged for a time in selling goods, but has
been living on his farm, near the present town of Gessie, since
1847.

This town is located five miles north-west of Perrysville, in the
midst of a fine farming country, and is altogether a thriving vil-
lage. The morality of the neighborhood is evinced by the fact
that no intoxicating liquors are allowed to be sold within its
limits. Among its improvements are a steam grist-mill, the M.
E. Church, and a substantial school building.

CHURCHES.

M. E. Church, at Perrysville; T. C. Stringer, pastor; number
of members, 160; number attending Sabbath school, 100; super-
intendent, Joseph Benton ; value of church property, including
parsonage, $5000.

United Brethren Church, at Perrysville; Rev. J. W. Nye, pas-
tor; number of members, 97; number attending Sabbath school,
1 10; superintendent, J. W. Nye; value of church property,
$2060.

Howard Chapel M. E. Church ; two miles north of Gessie ;

302 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Rev. W. G. Vessels, pastor; number of members, 35 ; number
attending Sabbath school, 40; superintendent, Horatio Talbot;
value of church property, $1500.

M. E. Church, of Gessie ; Rev. W. G. Vessels, pastor; num-
ber of members, 15; number attending Sabbath school, 40; su-
perintendent, J. A. Lewis; value of church property, $2,000.

Cross Roads United Brethren Church ; two miles west of Per-
rysville ; J. W. Nye, pastor; number of members, 50; number
attending Sabbath school, 60; superintendent, Daniel Pettigrew;
value of church property, $1500.

Presbyterian Church, at Perrysville; number of members, 22;
value of church property, $1500.

M. E. Church; four miles north of Perrysville; Rev. T. C.
Stringer, pastor; number of members, 20; number attending
Sabbath school, 46; superintendent, D. Briles.

Hopewell Regular Baptist Church, two miles north of Gessie ;
Rev. Samuel Johnson, pastor; number of members, 30; value
of church property, $800.

Unity Lodge, No. 344, F. and A. M.; number of members,
30; J. F. Compton, W. M.; W. L. Rayborn, Secretary.

Charity Lodge, No. 32, I. O. O. F.; number of members, 14;
John Dunlap, N. G.; Richard Curtis, Secretary.

Waterloo Grange, No. 118, P. of H.; four miles north of Per-
rysville; number of members, 73; organized April, 1873; Jas.
R. Dunlap, Master; Milton Wright, Secretary.

Highland Grange, No. 228, P. of H.; at school house No* 3;
seven miles north of Perrysville ; Isaac Rouse, Master ; George
Sparks, Secretary.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 303

Gessie Grange, No. 1079, P- ofH.; number of members, 36;
J. R. Johnson, Master ; H. A. Fox, Secretary.

SCHOOL REPORT.

Number of school houses in township, 12 ; number of pupils
enrolled in township, 888; average attendance at school, 351;
number of teachers — male 10, female 5 ; average daily compen-
sation of teachers — male $2.44; female $2.40; value of school
property in township, $30,000. William Ferguson, Trustee.

Highland Graded School ; number of pupils attending during
the year, 300; value of school buildings, $15,000. J. F. Comp-
ton, Principal.

DIRECTORY OF HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP.

Anderson, C. W.; boot and shoemaker (jour, workman); Per-
rysville. Born in Ohio 18 17; settled in V. C. 1874. Rep.
Universalist.

ADAMS, JOHN L.; house moving, raising and squaring; Per-
rysville. Born in 111. 1845; settled in V. C. 1866.

Ayres, Charles D.; boot and shoemaker; Perrysville. Born in
Pa. 1820; settled in V. C. 1848.

Ayers, G. F.; school teacher; Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1852. Rep.

Bocker, F. W. ; tanner; ij4 m n Perrysville. Born in Germany

1837.

Briles, Daniel; farmer; 4 m n Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1827;
settled in V. C. 1841. Rep. Methodist.

304 VERMILLION COUNTY

Bramar, Henry; farmer; 7 miles e Danville. Born in Prussia
1857; settled in V. C. 1868.

BARNES, J. A.; physician and surgeon; Gessie. Born in Ind.
1846; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Methodist.

Bowman, Moses; farmer; 1^ m w Gessie. Born in Va. 181 1;
settled in V. C. 1829.

Bennet, David; farmer; 6% m e Danville. Born in Pa. 1820;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Methodist.

Bensinker, Solomon; wagon maker; 3 m w Perrysville. Born
in Pa. 1807; settled in V. C. 1862. Dem. U. Brethren.

Beauchamp, John W.; farmer; 5 m w Perrysville. Born in
Ohio 1 821; settled in V. C. 1826.

Betyer, Jacob; farmer; 2]/2 m s w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1805; settled in V. C. 1831. Rep.

BAXTER, L. S. ; physician and surgeon; Perrysville. Born in
V. C. 1844. Rep. Protestant.

Boyd, John; farmer; Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1829; settled in
V. C. 1872. Dem. Missionary Baptist

Boyles, Charles E.; attorney at law ; Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1846.

Berry, O. J.; general dealer in groceries, notions and wooden
ware; Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1831 ; settled in V. C.
1835-

BRUMMETT, CAMPBELLS.; blacksmith; Perrysville. Born
in Term. 1827; settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Christian.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 305

BRUMMETT, W. A.; farmer; Perrysville. Bora in Ind. 1855;
settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Methodist.

BROWN, S. H.; foreman in Perrysville cooper shop; Perrys-
ville. Born in Tenn. 181 8; settled in V. C. 1847. Rep.
United Brethren.

BOLLE, FREDERICK ; farmer ; 1 m n Perrysville. Born in
Germany 1826; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Presb.

BARNETT, MISS ISABELLE; farmer; 3 | miles s w Perrys-
ville. Born in V. C. 1845. Rep.

Beauchamp, Andrew; farmer; 3 m s w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1828. Methodist.

Butler, John ; farmer; 2^ms Perrysville. Born in Ohio 18 16;
settled in V. C. 1836. Dem. Methodist.

Butler, Lewis; farmer; 2ms Perrysville. Born in Ohio 18 13 ;
settled in V. C. 1836. Dem.

Blunt, James ; farmer ; 1 ^ m s Perrysville. Born in Wales in
1833; settled in V. C. i860.

Bawsman, John ; firm of J. Bawsman & Co.; saw mills ; 2^ m
s w Gessie. Born in Ohio 1834; settled in V. C. 1871.

Bawsman, T. J.; saw mill; 2|msw Gessie. Born in Ohio 1838;,
settled in V. C. 1871.

Currant, J. R. ; farmer; 8 m e Danville, 111. Born in Ind.
20

306 VERMILLION COUNTY,

COMPTON, J. F.; dealer in hardware and groceries ; firm of
Compton & Lowe ; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1836; set-
tled in V. C. 1862. Rep. Methodist.

Compton, F. M.; salesman; Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1852;
settled in V. C. 1873.

Calliham, Emanuel; engineer; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1825;
settled in V. C. 1832.

COMINGORE, H. S.; proprietor Perrysville Stave and Ma-
chine Works; with H. S. Comingore & Son; Perrysville.
Born in Ky. 18 17; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep. Presb.

COMINGORE, D. W.; firm of H. S. Comingore & Son; Per-
rysville. Born in Ind. 1839; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.
Methodist.

CRAWLEY, JOHN ; machinist ; Perrysville.

Collins, W. A.; miller; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1822; set-
tled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Chenoweth, Hiram; farmer; ^ m s Perrysville.

CHENOWETH, LEMON; farmer; ^ m s Perrysville. Born
in Ohio 1817; settled in V. C. 1825. Rep.

Carter, M. B.; farmer; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1832.

Clayton, James ; farmer; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1836; set-
tled in V. C. 1870. Dem. United Brethren.

CHEZEM, CHARLES; farmer; 2% m s w Perrysville. Born
in Ind. 1827; settled in V. C. 1837.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 307

Cade, Henry E.; farmer; 2 m n w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1835. Dem.

Cossey, Peter; farmer; 1 m e Gessie. Born in Md. 1812; set-
tled in V. C. 1832.

Carithers, F. M.; farmer; ij m w Gessie. Born in V. C. 1837.
Rep.

Cole, Calvin; farmer; 4 m w Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1838.

Crippen, Peter; farmer; 6J m s w Perrysville. Born in Ohio.

Craigmile, William; carpenter and joiner; Perrysville.

Chenoweth, William ; farmer ; i)(msw Perrysville. Born in
Ohio 1823; settled in V. C. 1832. Rep.

Chenoweth, Ferdinand; farmer; i|msw Perrysville. Born in
V. C. 185 1. Rep.

CHISLER, J. T.; carpenter and joiner ; Perrysville. Born in
Pa. 1839; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Caywood, Wm., engineer; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1830;
settled in V. C. 1856. Rep.

CUSHMAN, W. J.; general merchandising; firm of Smith and
Cushman. Born in V. C. 1846.

Cunningham, John; farmer; 6 miles e Danville. Born in Ind.
1836; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Protestant

Carithers, John; farmer; 1 mile w Gessie. Born in Ohio 1824;
settled in V. C. 1832.

308 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Carithers, Wm. P.; farmer; I mw Gessie. Born in V. C. 1853.

Creviston, Will. W.; farmer; 6 m e Danville. Born in Ind.
1850; settled in V. C. 1859. R-eP- Protestant.

Carithers, Henry; farmer; 3 miles n e Gessie. Born in V. C.
1832.

Cansey, James; farmer; ^ m e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1850.
Cade, David; farmer; 1? m s Gessie. Born in V. C. 1833. Dem.

Dye, George; carpenter and joiner; Gessie.

Dunlap, Samuel; salesman; Perrysville. Born in Ireland 1843;
settled in V. C. 1863.

Dennis, Capt. Andrew ; retired boatman ; Perrysville. Born in
N. J. 1801; settled in V. C. 1835. Rep.

DAVIS, JOHN; butcher; firm of Davis & McCormick, Butch-
ers' Meat Market; Perrysville. Born in England 1821 ;
settled in V. C. 1866.

DUNLAP, JOHN ; merchant clothier, furnishing goods, etc. ;
Perrysville. Born in Ireland 1808; settled in V. C. 1837.

DUNBAR, SOL. G.; house, sign, carriage and ornamental
painter; Perrysville. Born in S. C. 1822; settled in V. C.
1856. Dem. Universalist.

Doring, J. R. ; proprietor of tanyard ; 1^ m n Perrysville.
Born in Germany 1829; settled in V. C. 1862.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 3O9

Dolsen, Jacob L. ; farmer; 2^(mn Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1848; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Protestant.

DUNLAP, J. R. ; farmer and grazier; 4i m n Perrysville. Born
in V. C. 1838. Rep.

Davis, J. M.; merchant, and dealer in groceries; Gessie. Born
in Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1872.

Dutton, H. C; dealer in nursery of fruit and evergreen trees,
etc. Born in N. Y. 1828; settled in V. C. i860.

Davidson, N. W.; medical student; Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1844. Dem. Universalist.

Davis, J. H.; carpenter and contractor; Gessie. Born in Ind.
1842; settled in V. C. 1870.

Elberson, James M.; carriage manufacturer; Perrysville. Born
in Ohio 18 15; settled in V. C. 185 1. Rep. Protestant.

Elberson, A. G.; salesman; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1839;
settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Universalist.

Elberson, S. B.; house painter; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1842;
settled in V. C. 1855. Rep. Protestant.

EVANS, JOHN M.; music teacher, and labors as a miner;
Perrysville. Born in R. I. 1846; settled in V. C. 1871.

Ehud, Hughs; farmer; 2 m n e Gessie. Born in Va. 18 17; set-
tled in V. C. 1828. Dem. R. Baptist.

10 VERMILLION COUNTY.

FRAZEE, LEWIS; physician and surgeon; Perrysville. Born
in N. J. 1 8 1 5 ; settled in V. C. 1863. Rep. Universalist.

FRAZEE, G., M. D.; physician and surgeon; Perrysville. Born
in N. J. 1844; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Protestant.

FERGUSON, HERBERT; retired from business; Perrysville.
Born in Va. 1799; settled in V. C. 1831. Rep. Pres.

Fulton, J. S. ; farmer; 7 m e Danville, 111. Born in Ind. 1852;
settled in V. C. 1868.

FLESH MAN, AMOS, farmer; 2% m n w Perrysville. Born
in Ind. 1822; settled in V. C. 1827.

Fox, Hugh A. farmer; 2 m n e Gessie. Born in Ohio 1842;
settled in V. C. 1865. Dem. Protestant.

Fox, John L. ; farmer; 1% m n e Gessie. Born in Ohio 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1858.

FERGUSON, W. T. ; farmer; 2^ m n w Perrysvile. Born in
V. C. 1832.

Fultz, William V.; wagon maker; 3? m s w Perrysville. Born
in Ohio 18 17; settled in V. C. 1825. Rep. Universalist.

Fleming, James ; farmer ; 6| m s w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1834; settled in V. C. 1840. Dem.

Fleming, John; farmer; 4 m n w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1820;
settled in V. C. 1840. Dem.

Fleming, Isaac; farmer; 4 m n w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 1840. Dem.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 3II

GIVENS, JACOB; dealer in boots, shoes, and manufacturer of
custom work ; Perrysville. Born in Va. 18 15 ; settled in
V. C. 1833. Rep.

Griffith, James; minister; Perrysville. Born in N. Y. 1798; set-
tled in V. C. 1854. United Brethren.

Goff, S. C; farmer; 3 m n e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1845.

GOFF, HILANDER; farmer; 2]/^ m n e Gessie. Born in V.
C. 1834.

Grouty, Elias; farmer; 1 m n Gessie. Born in V. C. 1833.

Gouty, Thomas; farmer; I m n Gessie. Born in V. C. 1854.
Methodist.

Gadberry, Joseph; farmer; 4^ m n w Perrysville. Born in Ky.
1834; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem. M. Baptist.

GOFF, DAVID ; farmer; 3 m n e Gessie. Born in Conn. 1799;
settled in V. C. 1823. R. Baptist.

Gumper, John; farmer; |mse Gessie.

GESSIE, ROBERT J.; formerly a merchant in Perrysville.
Was born in Cumberland county, Pa., in 1800; came to
Columbus, Bartholomew county, in 1833, an<^ to Perrys-
ville, Vermillion county, in August, 1837 J nas been living
on his farm near the town of Gessie since the year 1847.
Republican.

Hughs, Calvin; farmer; 25^ m s w Perrysville. Born in Va.
1826; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

312 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hansicker, G. S.; farmer; 2^ m w Perrysville. Born in Va.
1792; settled in V. C. 1822. Rep.

Hansicker, H. C; carpenter and contractor; 2*4 m w Perrys-
ville. Born in V. C. 1832. Rep. United Brethren.

HICKS, GEORGE; formerly a merchant and pork packer at

Perrysville; farmer; f m w Perrysville. Born in Mass. 1795;
settled in V. C. 1822. Rep.

HICKS, GEORGE R.; farmer; ^ m w Perrysville. Born in
V. C. 1842.

HAIN, JACOB; farmer; 2^ m s w Perrysville. Born in Pa.
1799; settled in V. C. 1822. Rep.

Hain, William; farmer; 25^ m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1838. Rep. Baptist.

Hain, Samuel; farmer; 2]/2 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1848. Rep.

Hain, James; farmer; 2^ m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
185 1. Rep.

Hughes, William; farmer; ^ m e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1830.

Hughes, John; farmer; y± m e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1851.

Hughes, Harvey; farmer; ^ m e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1849.

Hoobler, John; minister of U. B. Church. Born in Pa. 1801;
settled in V. C. 1832.

HIKES, THOMAS; farmer; l/l m se Gessie. Born in V.C. 1836.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 313

Harrison, T. H.; farmer; 2\ m s w Gessie. Born in Va. 1S10;
settled in V. C. 1835. Rep. Methodist.

Hunt, Harvey; farmer; I m s e Gessie. Born in Ind. 1820;
settled in V. C. 1827.

Hines, Solomon; farmer; \\ m s Gessie. Born in 1826.

Hines, Samuel; farmer; I \ m s Gessie. Born in V. C. 1850.

Hold, L. D.; wagonmaker; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1828;
settled in V. C. 1851. Rep. United Brethren.

HEPBURN, MARTIN; proprietor Perrysville Woolen Factory;
firm of Riggs & Hepburn; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1843.

Hunt, Florence W.; dealer in boots and shoes; Perrysville.
Born in R. I. 1840; settled in V. C. 1871. Independent.

Hansicker, Mrs. Ellen; milliner; Perrysville.

Harris, Samuel; farmer; 5 3,^ m n w Perrysville. Born in Va.
1S19; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Protestant.

HALL, W. T. ; physician and surgeon; Gessie. Born in Ind
1 841; settled in V. C. 1870. Rep. Protestant.

Hurley, J. W.; carpenter and contractor; Gessie. Born in Pa.
1842; settled in V. C. 1873.

Harris, B. F.; farmer; 3^ m n w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1827; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Christian.

HAIX, JOHN; farmer; 4 \ m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1836. Rep.

3H VERMILLION COUNTY.

Hughs, Hiram; farmer; 5 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1848.

Head, Albert; livery stable; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1834;
settled in V. C. 1846. Rep. Presbyterian.

Haven, H. B. ; house, sign and wagon painter; Perrysville.
Born in V. C. 1835. Rep.

Haley, John; railroad worker; y2 m s e Gessie. Born in Ire-
land 1840; settled in V. C. 1873.

ISLER, G. J.; proprietor billiard hall; Perrysville. Born in
Va. 1833; settled in V. C. 1870.

Jones, James M. ; farmer; 4J m w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1845. Dem.

Jones, H. H.; farmer; 5 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1849. Dem.

Jones, M. P.; farmer; 4J m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1851. Dem.

Johnson, John; farmer; 3 m w Perrysville.

Jones, R. C. ; farmer; 2^ m w Perrysville. Born in Va. 1836.
settled in V. C. 1861. Rep. U. Brethren.

JOHNSON, D. B.; physician and dealer in drugs and medi-
cines; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1839; settled in V. C.
1870. Rep. Protestant.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 315

JONES, WM. M.; saddle and harness manufacturer; Perrys-
ville. Born in Ohio 1825; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

Johnson, Asa; farmer; i^mw Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1821;
settled in V. C. 1850. Rep. Protestant.

Johnson, Lewis H.; college student; 2 m n Gessie. Born in
Ind. 1853; settled in V. C. 1870.

Johnson, A. J.; farmer; 2 m n e Gessie. Born in Ind. 1848;
settled in V. C. 1872.

Johnson, J. R., farmer; 2 m n e Gessie. Born in Ind. 1844;
settled in V. C. 1872. Indpt.

Johnson, Samuel C.; farmer; 2 m n e Gessie. Born in Ind.
1 8 16; settled in V. C. 1872. Predestinarian Baptist.

Jones, Solomon; farmer; 4J m s e Perrysville. Born in Tenn.
18 1 2; settled in V. C. 1831. Dem.

Kespler, Edward C. ; farmer; 1 m n Perrysville. Born in Ger-
many 1837; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep.

Kespler, Frederick; farmer; 1 m n Perrysville. Born in Ger-
many 1841; settled in V. C. 1867.

Kespler, Conrad; farmer; 1 m n Perrysville. Born in Germany
18 13; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep.

King, Isaac; farmer; 6 m e Danville, 111. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 1840. Rep. Protestant.

3l6 VERMILLION COUNTY.

KIRKPATRICK, JOHN S.; proprietor of the Florence Mills;
Gessie. Born in Ky. 1812; settled in V. C. 1833. Rep.
Methodist.

KIRKPATRICK, W. H.; miller; Gessie. Born in V. C. 1850.
Rep. Protestant.

LOWE, J. T. ; general dealer in hardware and groceries; firm of
Compton & Lowe; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1847. Rep.

Lockett, DavidS.; salesman; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1850.

Lewsader, Snowden; farmer; 1 yi m n Perrysville. Born in Ind.
1849; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Protestant.

Lewsader, Homer; farmer; \y2 m n Perrysville. Born in Ind.
1853; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Protestant.

Lewsader, John ; farmer ; 1 y2 m n Perrysville. Born in Ind.
1855; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep. Protestant.

Lacey, Elisha A.; farmer; 2^ m s w Covington. Born in N.
Y. 1844; settled in V. C. 1846. Indpt. Soul Sleeper.

Luke, Charles F. ; boot and shoe shop ; Gessie. Born in Mich.
1855; settled in V. C. 1874.

Lewis, James J.; farmer; 6 m e Danville, 111. Born in Md.
1805; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep. Methodist.

Lewis, S. B.; farmer; 6 m e Danville, 111. Born in V. C. 1853.
Rep. Methodist.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 317

Laker, F. W.; farmer; 6me Danville, 111. Born in Prussia
1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Lutheran.

Lewis, J. A.; farmer; 1 m n Gessie. Born in Ind. 1835; settled
in V. C. 1837. ReP- Methodist.

McKNIGHT, L. A.; general merchandising; firm of McKnightr
Stephens & Co.; Gessie. Born in Ohio 1846; settled in
V. C. 1874. Rep. Universalist.

McKIBBEN, J. C; proprietor of hack line from Perrysville to-
depot. Born in 111. 1831; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep.

Morgan, L. A.; dealer in groceries; Perrysville. Born in N.Y.
1836; settled in V. C. 1848.

Metier, C. W. ; blacksmith; Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1853;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Protestant.

McCORMACK, SMITH; Butchers' Meat Market; firm of Mc-
Cormack & Davis ; Perrysville. Born in 111. 1837; settled
in V. C. 1847. K-eP-

Mosbarger, Isaac ; farmer; ]/2 m n Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1 8 19.

Miller, Joseph; farmer and plasterer; i|mn Perrysville. Born
in Switzerland.

Mitchell, T. J.; farmer; 2^ m n Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1835. Indpt.

3 l8 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Miller, John; boot and shoemaker; Gessie. Born in Ohio 1846;
settled in V. C. 1874.

Martin, Wm.; farmer; 6 m e Danville. Born in V. C. 1839.
Dem. Protestant.

Mitchell, Zachariah; farmer; 4f m n w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1845.

Mitchell, Thomas J.; farmer; 4% m n w Perrysville. Born in
Ohio 1808; settled in V. C. 1830. Dem. Newlight.

Mitchell, Elias; farmer; 4^ m n w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1853-

Moffat, W. B. ; telegraph operator and freight agent; Perrys-
ville. Born in Ind. 1822; settled in V. C. 1838.

MOORE, NATHAN C; farmer; 3^ m s w Perrysville. Born
in V. C. 1837. Rep.

MOORE, EZEKIEL; farmer; 5 m s w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1835. Rep.

MOORE, WALLACE ; farmer; 3 m n w Eugene. Born in V.
C. 1840. Dem.

Morris, Richard; blacksmith; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1821;
settled in V. C. 1826.

Mack, G. L.; farmer; \y2 m s Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1831;
Dem. United Brethren.

Moore, C. ; farmer; 4 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 319

Mosburger, D. M.; brick maker; Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1844.

METZGER, REZIN ; hotel keeper, and proprietor livery, feed
and sale stables; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1837. Rep.
Protestant.

Moffatt, Robert D. ; retired merchant; Perrysville. Born in N.
J. 1812; settled in V. C. 1826.

McNEILL, GEORGE H.; dealer in drugs, clocks, watches and
notions; firm of G. H. McNeill & Sons; Perrysville. Born
in Md. 18 1 8; settled in V. C. 1836. Rep.

McNEILL, W. K.; firm of G. H. McNeill & Sons; Perrysville.
Born in V. C. 1848. Rep. Protestant.

McNEILL, M. M.; firm ofG. H. McNeill & Sons; Perrysville.
Born in V. C. 1845. Rep. Methodist.

McNEILL, JOHN R. ; farmer; ]/2 m n Perrysville. Born in
Md. 181 1 ; settled in V. C. 1836. Indpt.

McNeill, Albert; farmer; x/2 m n Perrysville. Born in 111. 1852;
settled in V. C. 1859. ReP-

McNeil, J. B.; farmer; y2 m n Perrysville. Born in 111. 1855;
settled in V. C. 1859.

McClintock, R. M.; carriage and wagon maker; Gessie. Born
in Ohio 1836; settled in V. C. 1857. ReP- Protestant.

320 VERMILLION COUNTY

NYE, J. W.; minister of U. B. Church. Born in N. Y. 1838;
settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.

Nicholas, J. H.; farmer; 3 m n Gessie. Born in V. C. 1848.
Rep. Protestant.

Nicholas, William; farmer; 3 m n Gessie. Born in Va. 1809;
settled in V. C. 1829. Rep. Protestant.

Nolen, T. J.; farmer; 5 J m w Covington. Born in V. C. 1842.
Republican.

Neel, C. S.; farmer; 1 m n w Gessie. Born in V. C. 1855.

Nicum, William; farmer; 3 m w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1818; settled in V. C. 1872.

Neil, John; farmer; 4 m w Perrysville.

NEWEL, JOHN T.; farmer; 4I m s w Perrysville. Born in
Va. 1824; settled in V. C. 1850. Rep.

Olney, Almon ; farmer; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1822; set-
tled in V. C. 1847. ReP- Protestant

Pheneger, Benjamin; farmer; 4 m s w Perrysville.

Paine, Dudley; farmer; 1 m w Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1858.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 321

Powers, Wilson ; farmer ; 6 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1845.

Powers, David ; farmer ; 6 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1849.

Pettegrem, Daniel; farmer; 2]^ m s Perrysville. Born in Ind.
1836; settled in V. C. 1843. Rep. United Brethren.

PARKE, HENRY ; farmer; 3I ra s w Perrysville. Born in V.

C. 1833. Rep. United Brethren.

PATTERSON, D. W. ; blacksmith and wagon maker; firm of
J. D. Patterson & Co.; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1827; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep. United Brethren.

PATTERSON, J. D.; blacksmith and wagon maker; firm of J.

D. Patterson & Co.; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1823; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Rep. United Brethren.

Peterson, Mark; dyer; Perrysville. Born in England 1827.

Palmer, W. B. ; farmer and carpenter; 1 m n Perrysville. Born
in V. C. 1827. Rep. Protestant.

Parks, Wilson ; farmer ; 1 y2 m n Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1843. Dem. Protestant.

PRATHER, JAMES A.; salesman in GRANGE STORE;
Gessie. Born in Ky. 18 14; settled in V. C. 1830. Rep.
Christian.
21

322 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Pritchard, G. M.; farmer; I m s Gessie. Born in Ohio 1837;
settled in V. C. 1863.

Prather, Isaac W. ; farmer ; 2 m n w Gessie. Born in V. C.
1852.

Rayse, H. F.; blacksmith; Perrysville. Born in Ind. 1852; set-
tled in V. C. 1874.

Roberts, Daniel; farmer; ^ ms Perrysville. Born in Ind.
1849; settled in V. C. 1865. Dem.

Rudy, Martin B. ; farmer; 1^ m s Perrysville. Born in Pa.
1832; settled in V. C. 1834.

Rudy, Jacob; farmer; if ras Perrysville. Born in Switzerland
1818; settled in V. C. 1834.

Robinson, John E.; farmer; Perrysville. Born in N. C. 1825;
settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Presbyterian.

Rouse, Isaac; farmer; 6 m s e Danville, 111. Born in Ohio 1822;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem.

Rabourn, Fielding; farmer; 7 m e Danville, 111. Born in Ky.
1815; settled in V. C. 1832. Dem. Regular Baptist.

RILEY, F. M.; farmer; 5! m s e Danville, 111. Born in V. C.
1844.

Rodgers, J. M.; farmer; 6 m e Danville, 111. Born in N. H.
18 1 5; settled in V. C. 1825.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 323

Rodgers, S. A.; farmer; 3 m n w Gessie. Born in III. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1847.

Ricketts, W. H.; farmer; 3 m n e Gessie. Born in V. C. 1851.

REYNOLDS, E. N.; farmer; i|mse Gessie. Born in Md.
1804; settled in V. C. 1830.

REYNOLDS, G. H.; farmer; ifrase Gessie. Born in V. C.
1835-

RUDY, MILO J.; farmer; 4|ms w Penysville. Born in V.
C. 1839. Dem.

RABB, SMITH; post master, and boot and shoe shop; Penys-
ville. Born in Ohio 1822; settled in V. C. 1846. Rep.
Protestant.

RIGGS & HEPBURN ; proprietors PERRYSVILLE WOOL-
EN FACTORY ; Penysville.

RIGGS, B. W. ; general merchandising ; Perrysville. Born in
Ohio 182 1; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep. Methodist.

Rutledge, George ; carder and spinner ; Perrysville. Born in
Mass. 1832.

Ruhl, Joseph; barber; Perrysville. Born in Texas 1835; settled
in V. C. 1869. Dem. Protestant.

RUNYON, JAMES; farmer; 2 m n Perrysville. Born in Ky.
1844; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Protestant.

RUNYON, DANIEL R.; farmer; 2 m n Perrysville. Born in
Ky. 1802; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. M. Baptist.

324 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Ross, Thompson ; farmer ; 3 m n Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1824. Dem. Protestant.

Smith, FrankS.; bookkeeper; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1852.

Sanders, L. C. ; salesman; Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1846.
Rep.

Smith, J. F.; proprietor telegraph flouring mills and grain ware-
house; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1812; settled in V. C. 1833.

Skiner, William ; farmer ; 2 m w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1839.

Smith, Hanson ; farmer ; 5 m w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1833.

Shaw, Hiram; farmer; 5 m sw Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1805;
settled in V. C. 1826. Rep. Methodist.

Stephens, Thomas W.; farmer; 3^ m n w Eugene. Born in
Ind. 1836; settled in V. C. 1856. Rep.

Shaw, Caleb; farmer; 6 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C. 1847.
Rep.

Shaw, E. G. ; farmer; 5 y2 m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1830.

Smith, T. H.; merchant; firm of T. H. Smith & Bro.; Perrys-
ville. Born in Va. 1816; settled in V. C. 1833.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 325

Smith, Will F.; merchant; firm ofT. H. Smith & Bro.; Perrys-
ville. Born in 1S14; settled. in V. C. 1833.

Sheier, John; farmer; 5^mse Danville, 111.

Stutler, J. S.; farmer; 2 m n Gessie. Born in Ohio 1820; settled
in V. C. 1829.

Shute, Ephraim ; farmer; 2mn Gessie. Born in Ohio 1827;
settled in V. C. 1831. Rep. Protestant.

Smith, James; farmer; 3 m n e Gessie. Born in Ind. 1834; set-
tled in V. C. 1866.

Swicher, Alexander; farmer; 2^ m n e Gessie. Born in Illinois
1842; settled in V. C. 1868.

Strain, John G.; farmer; 3 m w Perrysville. Born in 111. 1843;
settled in V. C. 1871. Rep.

Stutler, W. H.; farmer; \]/2 m w Gessie. Born in V. C. 1842.

Stutler, P. F.; farmer; 2 m n w Perrysville. Born in V.C. 1848.

Stanffer, Abraham; carpenter and joiner; Perrysville. Born in
Va. 1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1848.

Saltesgaver, Henry; farmer; 1 m n Gessie. Born in V. C. 1836.
Methodist.

Shute, Daniel; farmer; \\ m n w Gessie. Born in Ohio 1820;
settled in V. C. 1830.

Shute, David; farmer; if m n vv Gessie. Born in V. C. 1849.

326 VERMILLION O UNTY.

STEVENS, ELHANAN; farmer and grain dealer; 2 m n w
Perrysville. Born in Md. j8i6; settled in V. C. 1837.

Stevens, J. B. Jr.; farmer; 2 m n w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1851.

Skinner, Norman; farmer; 3 m n w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1816; settled in V. C. 1824.

Skinner, Henry; farmer; 3 m n w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1825.

Sanders, Ezekiel; farmer; 2 m n w Perrysville. Born in Va.
1827; settled in V. C. 1829.

SMITH, JOSEPH M. ; general merchandising; firm of Smith &
Cushman; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1833; settled in V. C.
1853. Rep.

Shute, John; farmer; 2 m n Gessie. Born in Ohio 1826; settled
in V. C. 1831. Rep. Methodist.

Swityer, Wesley; farmer; 5 m w Covington, Fountain county.
Born in Ohio 1821; settled in V. C. 1834. Rep. Prot.

Shute, Henry; farmer; 6 m e Danville, 111. Born in V. C. 1846;
Rep. Protestant.

Stevens, J. B.; blacksmith; Gessie. Born in Md. 182 1; settled
in V. C. 1873. Rep. Christian.

SALTSGAVER, W. H.; druggist; Gessie. Born in V. C.
1 840. Rep. Protestant.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 327

STEVENS, MILTON; general merchandising; firm of Mc
Knight, Stevens & Co.; Gessie. Born in V. C. 1846.
Rep.

Shaner, J. S; carpenter and joiner; Gessie. Born in Pa. 1848;
settled in V. C. 1873.

STRINGER, THOS. C; pastor of M. E. Church; Perrysville.
Born in Ind. 1836; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Meth.

STINGLEY, SAMUEL ; merchant, and proprietor of Perrys-
ville House; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 18 18; settled in V.
C. 1839. Dem. Protestant.

STEPHENS, JACOB S.; farmer; Perrysville. Born in Indiana
1 821; settled in V. C. 1843. Rep. Protestant.

SPOTTSWOOD, E. T. ; physician and surgeon ; Perrysville.
Born in Va. 1827; settled in V. C. 1852. Indept.

Smith, D. C; merchant; dry goods, hats, caps, boots, shoes,
queensware, hardware, and groceries; Perrysville. Born in
V. C. 1843.

Smith, David ; general merchandising ; firm of T. H. Smith &
Brothers, Perrysville. Born in Va. 1820; settled in V. C.

1833.

Smith, G. H.; farmer; Perrysville. Born in Va. 1819; settled
in V. C. 1833.

Tobey, William; farmer; 3J m n Perrysville.

328 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Triece, Nelson; farmer; 6 m s w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1845.

Tate, S. B. ; carpenter and joiner; Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1830. Rep. Methodist.

TRICCE, GEORGE; farmer; 4^ m s w Perrysville. Born in
V. C. 1 84 1. Rep.

Tate, John; undertaker; Perrysville. Born in Ohio 1807; set-
tled in V. C. 1830. Rep. Methodist.

Tarrence, W. G. ; furniture dealer and undertaker; Perrysville.
Born in Pa. 18 14; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep. Meth.

Trosper, William; farmer; if mw Perrysville. Born in Ky.
1808; settled in V. C. 1832.

Truman, Thomas; farmer and grazier; 3! m n Perrysville. Born
in Ohio 1821; settled in V. C. i860. Dem.

Talbert, W. D.; farmer; 4m sw Covington. Born in V. C.
1846. Rep. Protestant.

TALBET, HENRY ; farmer ; 5 m w Covington. Born in Pa.
1816; settled in V. C. 1838. Rep. Methodist.

Talbet, Horatio ; farmer ; 5 m e Danville, 111. Born in V. C.
1 85 1. Rep. Protestant.

Tuttle, McGill ; farmer; 3 m w Perrysville.

HIGHLAND TOWNSHIP. 329

Virgin, Oliver; saddler and harness maker; Gessie. Born in
Ind. 1844; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Protestant.

Volkel, Henry; farmer; 3 m n w Perrysville. Born in Germany
1837; settled in V. C. 1865. Rep. Presbyterian.

WRIGHT, PETER L. ; farmer; 2 m w Perrysville. Born in
Md. 1 821; settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Methodist.

Whittenmyer, J. R.; farmer; 1 m w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1849.

Webster, Stephen; farmer; 3 J m s w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1818; settled in V. C. 1857. ReP-

Webster, J. L.; farmer; 3! m s w Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1855; settled in V. C. 1857. Rep.

Watt, Samuel; painter and glazier; Perrysville. Born in Ohio
1813; settled in V. C. 1839.

Wright, H. C; farmer; 3^ m n Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1840. Protestant.

Whittenmyer, Benjamin; farmer; 2 m w Perrysville. Born in
Pa. 1799; settled in V. C. 1827. Rep. U. Brethren.

Wright, Cyrus; farmer; 3J m n Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1837. Rep. Protestant.

WRIGHT, MILTON; farmer; 3 m n Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1835. Independent.

330 VERMILLION COUNTY.

WRIGHT, STEPHEN; farmer; 5 m n Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1832. Rep.

Whipple, George; farmer; 1 mswGessie. Born in Ohio 1834;
settled in V. C. 1867.

Whittenmyer, Adam; farmer; 4 m n w Perrysville. Born in V.
C. 1832. Dem. United Brethren.

Whittenmyer, George; farmer; 4^ m n w Perrysville. Born
in V. C. 1828. Dem. Protestant.

Woolf, J. T. ; sawmill; 2y2 m s w Gessie. Born in Ohio 1829;
settled in V. C. 1871.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 33 I

EUGENE TOWNSHIP.

This is one of the first townships settled in the county. The
families of the Groenendykes, Thompsons, Porters, Armouns,
Colletts, Hepburns, Colemans, Malones, Naylors and Shelbys
were among the first to settle here, on the Big Vermillion River
These were the pioneers of this part of the Wabash.

This township is bounded on the north by Highland town-
ship, on the east by Fountain and Parke counties — the Wabash
river being the dividing line, on the south by the township of
Vermillion, and on the west by the boundry line of Illinois.
It is from five to six miles wide from east to west, and six miles
from north to south. To give the exact number of square
miles in this township would be a somewhat difficult task, as the
Wabash river boundary is irregular and many of the sections
fractional.

The lands are termed rich ; the soil of the river terraces is
not surpassed by any in the State. That of the uplands,
though not so rich, is underlaid with almost unlimited coal
fields, making it richer and ultimately of much greater value
than the rich alluvial soil of the river bottoms.

The historical character of this township is more interesting
than any other of the county. Here were the Indian villages,
the first trading posts, the Indian battle fields, and the first
settlements. Here the chief men of the county — the men of

332 VERMILLION COUNTY.

the most intelligence and greatest enterprise — first settled. Here
the first mill of the county was built, and the families of that
day, multiplied, are those of the present. On the map of the
township the names of the first pioneers cover section after
section as the cognomen of large families cover the grave stones
in the cemeteries of the dead, showing that they have been
industrious and frugal and careful of their patrimonies, which
certainly is no little to their credit.

The village of Eugene, which is the only one in the township,
was laid off in 1827 by Stephen S. Collett. It is yet but a small
place, and has the physical misfortune of lying a good mile
away from the depot of the E., T. H. & C. R. R. Its citizens
appear satisfied, however, as the distance enables them to sleep
well of nights, and then it makes it interesting for a hack driver
or two. Population 300.

The village is well supplied with stores of different kinds, the
most prominent being those of W. L. Naylor and Samuel Gro-
enendyke. Mechanical operations are limited.

Among the oldest inhabitants are John Hepburn, who came
here in 1829. Mr. Hepburn is a good sample relic of the vet-
eran times. Vivacious and full of life, he yet retains the fresh-
ness of youth, and looks as if he might live to see the millenium
yet.

Enoch W. Lane is one of the oldest inhabitants. He is now
in his 77th year. He was born in Old Town, Ohio, in 1796,
and came here forty-five years ago. Honorable in life and
peaceful in spirit, he is waiting for the coming of the eternal
chariots.

Samuel W. Malone came here in 1830. He is the hotel
keeper of the village, and understands his business well. This

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 333

of itself is a high compliment, for many have tried to make
landlords of themselves, to the great chagrin of thousands.

James P. Naylor came to Eugene one year after it was laid
off. His son, Wm. L. Naylor, is now one of the wealthy citi-
zens of the community, and a leading merchant.

Anthony Fable, the present Trustee of the township, is ranked
among the good men of the village. He understands square
work, and governs himself accordingly.

Dr. Eichelberger, though a young man, has succeeded well
as a physician, and we predict for him an eminent career in his
profession. There are only two physicians in the place.

Hon. James Groenendyke, who represented the county in the
legislative session of 187 1-2, is one of the substantial citizens of
this county. He resides in Eugene, and gives his attention to
farming. The intricacies of political life have but few charms
for him ; albeit he might render his country valuable services in
this connection, and no doubt do himself much honor.

In the line of agriculture this township is worthy of a higher
notice than it has usually received. Whether it is the fault of
the State Board of Agriculture, or of their own citizens, that
this county has received but little attention in the annual reports,
we are not able to say; yet such is the fact. We can learn no-
thing of Vermillion county in any of these reports, and we are
led to the conviction that this State concern, like almost every-
thing else, is run by " a ring." It would probably be better for
them to swap horses oftener.

It is a little strange that there is not a Masonic Lodge in this
township. They once had one here, which numbered 60 or 70
members, but from some cause its light went out. Alas ! Poor
Hiram !

334 VERMILLION COUNTY.

The Methodists have a fine church, worth some $3000. They
have a Union Sabbath school connected with it, of 100 scholars ;
Milo Hosford, superintendent.

The Presbyterians have an organization, but no church.

The old merchant mill, erected long years ago by the Groen-
endykes, is yet an institution of the country around here. It has
been greatly improved, and run, as it is, by the water of the Big
Vermillion, it has fine capacity, and does good work. It is now
owned by Leonard Ladd.

There are two coal banks about a mile from Eugene, which
produce a good article of bituminous coal, but the demand be-
ing limited they are not worked to any great extent. Good
building stone is found in the neighborhood in rich abundance ;
also gravel and iron ore. The soil of this township, like that of
the county generally, is rich and productive. Bottom lands sell
here from thirty to sixty dollars per acre. This is certainly
cheap.

Big Vermillion runs through the township from the northwest
to the southeast, the bottom lands of which are among the rich-
est of the county. There is a very well constructed and sub-
stantial bridge over this river at Eugene.

Walnut Grove is a station on the E. T. H. & C. Railroad, in
this township, and takes its name from a beautiful forest of wal-
nut trees planted thirty years ago by the Colletts. Hon. John
Collett resides here, and owns a farm that would, if he was mar-
ried, place him among the "nobility."

The shipments from this little station are heavy, amounting to
175 car loads per annum, of agricultural products.

This is said to be the native home of the blue grass, which
was transferred to Kentucky at a very early period.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 335

The Graded School of Eugene is a credit to the village. The
house is value.d at $6,000. There are six other school houses
in the township, valued at $3,000; number of scholars enrolled,
470 ; admitted to school 377 ; average salary for male teachers,
per day, $2.72 ; females, $2.00. They have six months school

Population of the township in 1870, 1,396.

Vote of the township, 1872, 285.

Improved lands, 12,664 acres.

Value of farms and farming implements, $525,791.

Value of live stock, $47,995.

Value of all productions, $124,296.

Bushels of Indian corn raised, 95,432.

CHURCHES.

Methodist Episcopal Church, Eugene ; value of church pro-
perty, $2,500, membership, 25; pastor in charge, Rev. E. Ma-
son. There is also a union Sabbath school held here, conducted
by Mr. Hosford as superintendent. Average attendance of Sab-
bath school, 75. The Trustees of the church are Milo Hosford,
Edward Brown and J. W. Boyd ; Steward, S. D. Crow.

Mount Olivet Cumberland Presbyterian Church, three and
one half miles southwest of Eugene; membership, 30; pastor
in charge, Rev. James McPherson; elders, John Brewer, B. F.
Deardorff and N. M. Tutt.

Christian Church of Eugene, meets at Wm. Naylor's Hall ;
Rev. A. Boor, pastor; membership, 15; deacons, Leonard
Ladd and James Fishback.

LODGES.

Eugene Council, No. 4, S. of I.; membership, 20; President,
John Groenendyke ; Vice President, Joseph McClellon ; Trca-

336 VERMILLION COUNTY,

surer, Leonard Ladd ; Secretary, J. D. Wallace ; Steward, W.
P. Brannon ; Assistant Steward, V. A. Wootan ; Lecturer, W.
L. Naylor ; Inside Sentinel, Daniel Sturm ; Outside Sentinel,
John W. Craig.

Live Oak Grange, No. 1584, meets one mile north of Eugene;
number of members, 22; organized March 7, 1844. Master,
James B. lies; Secretary, Josiah Campbell; Overseer, Samuel
D. Crow; Lecturer, William Rheuby ; Steward, James Rudy;
Assistant Steward, E. Moore ; Treasurer. William W. Moore ;
Gate Keeper, Jacob H. lies; Ceres, Mrs. Lizzie Moore; Po-
mona, Mrs. L. Rudy ; Flora, Mrs. Mary Moore ; Assistant
Steward (lady), Miss Honora lies.

Farmer's Grange, No. 1677, nehd three miles southwest of
Eugene; organized March 12, 1874; Master, N. M. Tutt; Sec-
retary, S. W. Coffin.

Eugene Lodge, No. 351, I. O. of G. T., organized Jan. 24,
1873; membership, j6\ William Hood, W. C. T.; F. G.
Irwin, W. S. We are pleased to note that this Lodge is well
organized and its membership is rapidly increasing.

DIRECTORY OF EUGENE TOWNSHIP.

Alderson, Mrs. Elizabeth; widow of Harrison Alderson; 2]/2 m
n e Eugene. Born in Va. 1822; settled in V. C. 1831.

Anderson, J. S.; farmer; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1850; settled
in V. C. 1862. Rep.

Arrasmith, Alexander; retired farmer; 3 m s w Eugene. Born
in Ky. 1795; settled in V. C. 1821. Dem. Methodist.

Arrasmith, Richard ; farmer; 3 m s w Eugene. Born in Ind.
1818; settled in V. C. 1821. Dem. Cumberland Presb.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 337

Armour, George J.; farmer; 23^ m w Eugene. Born in Ind.
1835.

Abbott, William; farmer; 3 m s e Eugene. Born in Ind. 1848.
Dem.

Axton, H. H.; tenant farmer; 4ms Eugene.

Arrasmith, W. B.; farmer; 3 J m s w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1837. Dem. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Arrasmith, James; farmer; 3I m s w Eugene.

Awbrey, Mrs. L.; widow of John Awbrey ; 4 m s w Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1835.

Armour, Thompson; farmer; 3! m s w Eugene.

Alderson, Frank; farmer; 2 3/^ m n e Eugene. Born in V. C.
1854. Dem.

Alexander, William; farmer; 3 m n e Eugene. Born in Pa.
1814. Dem.

BARNETT, SAMUEL; farmer; 2 m south of east of Eugene.
Born in Pa. 1809; settled in V. C. 1852. Dem.

Barnett, Robert P.; farmer; 2 m south of east of Eugene. Born
in Ind. 1850; settled in V. C. 1851. Democrat.

22

338 VERMILLION COUNTY.

BROWN, N. W.; farmer; 3ms Eugene. Born in Ohio 1849;
settled in V. C. 1853. Rep. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Basinger, C. A.; farmer; 3^ m s e Newport. Born in Tenn.
1828; settled in V. C. 1865. Dem.

Beaver, Samuel ; sawyer ; 2 y2 m s e Eugene.

■

Bailey, J. C; farmer; %l/2 m s Newport. Born in Ohio 1827;
settled in V. C. 185 1. Dem.

Bailey, George B.; farmer; 5^ m s Newport. Born in Pa. 1852;
settled in V. C. 1866. Dem. Methodist.

Brown, W. P.; carpenter; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in 111. 1843;
settled in V. C. 1874. Dem. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Bove, Jacob; laborer; 4ms w Eugene. Born in Ind. 1847;
settled in V. C. 1873. Cumberland Presbyterian.

BROWN, ISAAC A., Sen.; proprietor of cooper establishment
at Brownstown, 4 m w Eugene ; his place of residence is
also at Brownstown. Born in Tenn. 18 16; settled in V. C.
1833. Rep. Missionary Baptist.

Brown, Edward; tinsmith; Eugene. Born in Ohio 181 1; settled
in V. C. 1864. Rep. Methodist.

Boyd, J. W. ; boot and shoemaker; Eugene. Born in Pa. 1828;
settled in V. C. 1834. Dem. Methodist.

Bell, Thomas W.; tailor; Eugene. Born in Pa. 1824; settled
in V. C. 1850. Dem.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 339

Brannan, William P.; shoemaker; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1836;
settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Briles, John P.; blacksmith; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1826; set-
tled in V. C. 1842. Abolitionist. Protestant.

Basinger, Thomas; farmer; i£ m east of north of Eugene. Born
in Tenn. 1829; settled in V. C. 1866. Dem. Methodist.

Bishop, Lewis; carpenter; Eugene.

Brewer, Henry VV. S.; farmer; 3! m s w Eugene. Born in V.
C. 1852. Rep.

BROWN, D. M.; cooper; Brownstown, 4 m w Eugene. Born
in 111. 1837; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. United Breth.

BROWN, ISAAC, Jr.; farmer; Brownstown, 4 m w Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1852. Rep.

Brewer, John; farmer; 35^ m s w Eugene. Born in Pa. 18 13;
settled in V. C. 1849. Rep. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Conaway, Michael; laborer; Eugene. Born in Pa. 1822; set-
tled in V. C. 1857. Rep. Presbyterian.

CRAIG, JOHN W.; TEAMSTER; Eugene. Born in Ohio
1837; settled in V. C. 1866. Rep.

COFFIN, S. W.; farmer; 2| m s Eugene. Born in V. C. 1829.
Rep. Cumberland Presbyterian.

34-0 VERMILLION COUNTY.

COLLETT, JOHN; fanner; residence, Walnut Grove Station;
P. O., 4 m n Newport. Born in V. C. 1828. Rep.

Cook, Mahlon; engineer; 2| m s Eugene. Born in Tenn. 1841;
settled in V. C. 1874. Rep. Methodist.

Collins, James; farmer; I m e Eugene. Born in 1843. Rep.

Chapmon, Simon S. ; farmer; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in Ind.
1845; settled in V. C. 1866. Dem.

CONAWAY, JOHN H.; farmer; Eugene. Born in Pa. 185 1;
settled in V. C. 1857. ReP-

Campbell, William L.; farmer; 3! m w Eugene. Born in 111.
1842; settled in V. C. 1868. Dem.

Cowl, Isaac; farmer; 2 m n w Eugene.

Cole, Mathew; farmer; 2 m north of east of Eugene. Born in
Ohio 1824; settled in V. C. 1828.

Cowbage, Andrew; farmer; 1 m n e Eugene.

CROW, SAMUEL D.; farmer and Justice of the Peace; 1% m
south of west of Eugene. Born in Ohio 1841; settled in
V. C. 1864. Dem. Methodist.

CAMPBELL, JOSIAH; farmer; r2|mn w Eugene. Born in
Ind. 1837; settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

Case, Mrs. Jane; widow of Philo Case; ij m s Eugene. Born
in Pa. 1809; settled in V. C. 1828. Presbyterian.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 34 1

COLLETT, WILLIAM; farmer and stock dealer; 1 m s w Eu-
gene. Born in V. C. Rep.

Collom, John M.; farmer; 3^ m s w Eugene. Born in Term.
1843. Dem.

CRAIG, ROBERT A.; farmer; 2|ms Eugene. Born in Ohio
1826; settled in V. C. 1867. Rep. Christian.

Canaday, Isaac N.; farmer; 2 m north of east of Eugene. Born
in Ind. 1840; settled in V. C. i860. Independent.

Deyo, John; retired farmer;. Eugene. Born in N. Y. 1806; set-
tled in V. C. 1856. Rep.

Dunkle, J. B.; miller; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1837; settled in
V. C. 1874. Indept. Presbyterian.

Dillon, J. C; blacksmith; 2]/2 m se Eugene. Born in Mo.
1843; settled in V. C. 1844. Rep.

Douglas, Vincent; farmer; 2^ m n w Newport. Born in Ohio
1847; settled in V. C. 1869. Dem.

Donaldson, Carl; cooper; Brownstown ; 4 m w Eugene. Born
in Ind. 185 1; settled in V. C. 187 1. Rep.

Dickerson, Henry; farmer; 4 m n w Eugene. Born in Va. 1824;
settled in V. C. 1866. Dem.

*
Dickerson, Thomas ; farmer ; 4 m n w Eugene. Born in 111.

1852; settled in V. C. 1866. Dem.

342 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Dunlap, E. P.; farmer; 5 m s w Perrysville. Born in Md. 18 18;
settled in V. C. 1846. Rep. Free Thinker.

Deardorff, B. F.; farmer; 2x/2 m s w Eugene. Born in Pa.
1 8 19; settled in V. C. 1848. Rep. Cumberland Presb.

Elliott, Robert; groceries; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1840; settled
in V. C. 1841. Rep.

EICHELBERGER, W. C; PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON;
Eugene. Born in Pa. 1840; settled in V. C. 1855. Dem.

EDMONDS, EDMOND; saloon; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1823;
settled in V. C. 1843. Dem.

Ellis, Thomas K.; farmer; 2^ m s e Engene. Born in Ind.
1829; settled in V. C. i860. Cumberland Presb.

Ellis, Robert; tenant farmer; 2 m s e Eugene. Born in Ind.
1825; settled in V. C. 1863. Dem. Cumberland Presb.

Egleston, Wm.; attorney; Terre Haute. Born in Eugene Tp.
1833. Rep.

FABLE, ANTHONY ; Township Trustee ; Eugene. Born in
Pa. 1817; settled in V. C. 1841. Dem. Presbyterian.

Flanders, Harvey; laborer; Eugene. Born in N. Y. 1824; set-
tled in V. C. 1849. Dem.

Flangher, E. A.; physician; \ m s Eugene. Born in 111. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1870.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 343

Fultz, William H.; farmer; 2|mnw Eugene. Born in V. C.
1845. Rep.

Fultz, John; farmer; 2\ m n w Eugene. Born in V. C. 1836.
Rep.

Fultz, Wm. H., Jr.; farmer; 2| m n w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1836. Rep.

Fultz, Wm., Sr.; retired farmer; 2 m n Eugene. Born in Pa.
1805; settled in V. C. 1826. Indept.

Fultz, A. J.; farmer; 2 m n w Eugene. Born in V. C. 1839.
Dem.

Fitch, John ; farmer ; 2\ m n e Eugene.

GROVES, WILL; druggist; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1850.
Rep. Methodist.

GROVES & LOWRY ; DEALERS IN DRUGS, MEDI-
CINES, PAINTS, OILS, TOILET GOODS, &c; Post Of-
fice Building, Eugene.

GROENENDYKE, JOHN; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C.
1833. Rep. Presbyterian.

Gillis, John P.; painter; Eugene. Born in N. Y. 1837; settled
in V. C. 1859. Dem. Roman Catholic.

GRONDYKE, SAMUEL; GENERAL MERCHANDISING
AND PORK PACKER; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1836.

544 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Grigory, John; laborer; 5 m s w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1835;
settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Gouty, John R.; farmer; 3^ m w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1840. Rep.

Gray, Mathew D. ; milling; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1831; settled
in V. C. 1872. Rep. H. Friend.

Hollingsworth, Lewis; farmer; if m s e Eugene. Born in
1835. Rep.

Hunnichouse, Eli; farmer; 3^ m s w Eugene. Born in Pa.
1832; settled in V. C. i860. Dem. Cumberland Pres.

Henderson, Richard; farmer; 5^ m s w Eugene. Born in 111.
1843; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep.

Hughes, Austin B. ; laborer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1848.

Hold, Wilson; farmer; 1 m n w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1845;
settled in V. C. 1848. Dem.

HUGHES, DAVID C.; farmer; 2 m n Eugene. Born in V.
C. 1837. ReP-

HAUSER, GEORGE; laborer; 3 m n w Eugene. Born in Ky.
1849; settled in V. C. 1868. Rep.

Hauser, David; laborer; 3 m n w Eugene. Born in Ind. 1850;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 345

Hosford, Philo; clerk; Eugene. Born in N. Y. 1811; settled in
V. C. 1832. Rep.

HOOD, J. T. ; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1843. Dem.

Hobort, Edmond ; farmer; 1^ m e Eugene. Born in N. Y.
1830; settled in V. C. 1849. R-eP-

Harvey, George; farmer; ifmse Eugene. Born in Ohio 1849;
settled in V. C. 1S63. Rep.

HEPBURN, JOHN ; farmer; i| m e Eugene. Born in Va.
1800; settled in V. C. 1829. Dem. Methodist.

Hosford, M. G.; bookkeeper; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1845.
Rep.

HEIDBREDER, G. D.; furniture dealer; Eugene. Born in
Prussia, 1834; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Lutheran.

HEIDBREDER, G. D.; MANUFACTURER AND DEAL-
ER IN FURNITURE, COFFINS, BURIAL CASES,
CASKETS, AND HARDWARE ; EUGENE.

Holtz, John; resident farmer; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1822; set-
tled in V. C. 1834. Dem.

Harris, M. S.; tailor; Eugene. Born in Europe 1826; settled
in V. C. 1852. Dem.

Hood, W. H.; butcher; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1840. Rep.

HEAD, FRANCIS; woolen manufacturer (retired); Eugene.
Born in N. H. 1808; settled in V. C. 1846. Rep.

346 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Halt, Christian; wagonmaker; Eugene. Born in Germany 1 830;
settled in V. C. 1857. Indpt. Lutheran.

Howminsky, John; cooper; Eugene. Born in Prussia 1833;
settled in V. C. 1857. Indpt. Roman Catholic.

Hosford, Milo; carpenter; Eugene. Born in N. Y. 181 1; set-
tled in V. C. 1832. Rep. Methodist.

Hosford, Henry; carpenter; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1853.
Republican.

HOLTZ, JOSEPH; resident farmer; Eugene. Born in Ohio
1822; settled in V. C. 1826. Dem.

Heidbreder, William; farmer; 2 m s e Eugene. Born in Prussia
1824; settled in V. C. 1854. Dem. Lutheran.

Hepburn, William; farmer; y2 m e Eugene. Born in Ohio
1823; settled in V. C. 1829. Dem.

Hosford Rezin; farmer; 2^ me Eugene. Born in V. C. 185 1.
Rep.

Hosford, Leman; farmer; 5^ m e Eugene. Born in V. C. 1845.
Rep.

Hepburn, John; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1833. Dem.

HART, GOLDMAN M.; farmer; 1 m w Eugene. Born in
Tenn. 1809; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep. Christian.

HART, ROBERT A.; farmer; 1 m w Eugene. Born in V. C.
185 1. Rep.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 347

Irwin, F. G. ; retired druggist; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1846;
settled in V. C. 1865.

ILES, JAMES B.; farmer; 1 m n Eugene. Born in V. C.
1829. Dem.

ILES, JACOB H.; farmer; ij m n Eugene. Born in V. C.
1833. Dem.

JOHNSON, JOHN C; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1847.
Rep.

Johnson, John L.; farmer; 1 m e Eugene. Born in V. C. 1849.
Dem.

JONES, A. A.; telegraph operator and agent of E. T. H. & C.
Railway Co.; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1848; settled in V.C.
1874. Rep.

Johnson, Jackson; farmer; 3 m s w Eugene.

Johnson, Hugh; farmer; 4^ m s w Eugene.

JOHNSON, EDWARD B.; carpenter; Eugene. Born in Ind.
1830; settled in V. C. 1837. Rep.

Julien, Isaac; farmer; 3 m w Eugene.

Jones, J. A.; farmer; 3 m n w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1821 ;
settled in V. C. 1823. Rep.

Johnson, William H.; carpenter; Eugene. Rep.

348 VERMILLION COUNTY.

JOHNSON, E. B. ; carpenter, contractor and builder; firm of
Johnson & Bro.; Eugene.

Johnson, Joseph; farmer; 2\ m west of south of Eugene. Born
in V. C. 1834. Dem.

Killgore, James; farmer; 3^ m w Eugene. Born in Va. 1835;
settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Kenedy, Newton; farmer; i|me Eugene.

Keller, John; farmer; 3 m n Newport. Born in Ohio 1849;
settled in V. C. 1874.

Keller, Simon; laborer; 3 m n Newport. Born in Pa. 182 1;
settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

Killgore, John M.; farmer; 3^ m w Eugene. Born in Va.
1826; settled in V. C. 1858. Dem.

Kindermann; Gottfried; farmer; 2 m n Eugene. Born in Pa.
1805; settled in V. C. 1826. Independent.

Long, Jacob H.; farmer; 43^ m s w Eugene. Born in Pa. 1836;
settled in V. C. 1856. Dem.

Lacey, William; farmer; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in Ind. 184 1.
Dem. Cumberland Presbyterian.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 349

Long, Jacob; farmer; 4J m s \v Eugene. Born in Pa. 1836;
settled in V. C. 1856. Indpt.

LANCASTER, WILLIAM; farmer; 1 m n w Eugene. Born
in X. C. 1 821; settled in V. C. 1872. Dem.

Lunger, Omer ; farmer; \)A rn w Eugene. Born in Ind. 1836;
settled in V. C. 1846. Rep.

LOWRY, CHARLIE; druggist; Eugene. Born in V.C. 1850.
Rep. Methodist.

Lashley, John H.; merchant; Eugene. Born in 111. 1839; set-
tled in V. C. 1869. Dem. Methodist.

Lane, Enoch W. ; retired cabinet maker ; Eugene. Born in
Ohio 1798; settled in V. C. 1829. Rep. Methodist.

Larison, Luther; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1836; settled in V. C.
1873. Rep.

LADD. LEONARD; milling; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1834;
settled in V. C. 1866. Rep. Christian.

LADD & CO.; DEALERS IN FAMILY FLOUR, CORN,
MILL FEED, &c; PROPRIETORS LIBERTY MILLS
AND "VERMILLION RIVER" BRANDS.

Lindsey, Oliver; farmer; 4! m s w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1807;
settled in V. C. 1825. Rep.

Lindsey, Jones ; retired farmer ; 3J m s w Eugene. Born in
Ohio 18 18; settled in V. C. 1824. Rep.

350 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Main, Andrew J.; farmer; 3^ m n e Eugene. Born in Ind.
1844; settled in V. C. 1844. Dem. Methodist.

Malone, Wesley; farmer; f m e Eugene. Born in V. C. 1837.
Rep.

Malone, Samuel W.; dealer in stock and grain; Eugene. Born
in Ohio 18 10; settled in V. C. 1827. Dem.

MORRIS, WM. L.; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1842.
Dem.

Morgan, William J.; farmer; Eugene. Born in Ky. 1826; set-
tled in V. C. 1870. Christian.

McClellan, J. B.; brick maker ; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1839;
settled in V. C. 1861. Dem.

McMEEN, J.; physician and surgeon; Eugene. Born in Ohio
1832; settled in V. C. 1854. Rep.

Malone, James; farmer; 3 m south of west of Eugene. Born in
V. C. 1843.

McClellan, Joseph ; blacksmith; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1842;
settled in V. C. 1852. Dem. Presbyterian.

Meade, David; principal of public school; Eugene. Born in
111. 1845; settled in V. C. 1872. Rep.

Menges, Charles; farmer; 5 m s w Eugene. Born in Pa. 18 16;
settled in V. C. 1854. Dem.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 35 I

MOORE, MRS. SARAH ; widow of Joseph Moore; 5 m s w
Perrysville. Born in Md. 1803; settled in V. C. 1833.

Malone, Benjamin; farmer; I m n w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1849. Dem.

NAYLOR, VV. L.; merchant; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1821 ;
settled in V. C. 1828. Dem.

NAYLOR, W. L.; DEALER IN DRY GOODS, READY-
MADE CLOTHING, HATS, CAPS, BOOTS, SHOES,
HARDWARE, MEDICINES AND GROCERIES, EU-
GENE.

Newman, W. M.; retired merchant; Eugene. Born in Va. 181 1;
settled in V. C. 1827. Rep.

Nichols, Richard E. ; farmer; 2ms Eugene. Born in Indiana
1847. R-eP-

Nevins, Oscar; laborer; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in Ind. 1836.
Dem.

Naylor, Samuel; farmer; 3 m w Eugene. Born in V. C. 185 1.
Dem.

Naylor, Lewis T. ; farmer; 3 Y± m w Eugene. Born in Ohio
1826; settled in V. C. 1829. Dem. Cumberland Presb.

Norman, Joseph W. ; carpenter; Eugene. Born in Va. 1831 ;
settled in V. C. 1865. Rep.

352 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Peters, H. O.; merchant; Eugene. Born in Ohio 185 1; settled
in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Porter, Mrs. E.; Walnut Grove Station; 2^ m s e Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1830.

PORTER, ISAAC; farmer; Walnut Grove Station, 2\ m s e
Eugene. Born in V. C. 1832. Rep.

Patrick, William; farmer; 2^ m s w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1 83 1. Rep.

Paxton, Madison; farmer; 3% m n w Eugene. Born in Va.
1819; settled in V. C. 1857. Dem.

Paxton, William; farmer; 3^ m n w Eugene. Born in Ind.
1852; settled in V. C. 1857. Dem.

PAXTON, ELIJAH; farmer; 3^ m n w Eugene. Born in
Ind. 1854; settled in V. C. 1857. Dem.

Phillips, Samuel; farmer; 4J m s w Perrysville. Born in V. C.
1837. Dem.

Phillips, William; farmer; 4 J m s w Perrysville. Born in Va.
Dem.

Patrick, Thomas ; farmer ; 3 m s w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1837. ReP- Methodist.

Patrick, Hiram; farmer; 2]^ m s w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1829. Rep.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 353

Rhodenbaugh, George; farmer; 2\ m n e Eugene. Born in
Ohio 1838; settled in V. C. 1861. Rep.

Ritter, John F.; laborer; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1842; settled
in V. C. 1870. Dem.

Rheuby, William; farmer; 4^ m n w Eugene. Born in V. C.
1834. Rep. Methodist.

Rheuby, John; retired farmer; 4^ m n w Eugene. Born in Ky.
1802; settled in V. C. 1833. Rep.

Reeve, George; tenant farmer; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1868. Methodist.

Reid, Samuel; farmer; 3I m s w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1820.

Reid, Henderson; farmer; 4*^ m s w Eugene.

Robins, Jacob; farmer; 1 m n w Eugene. Born in Ind. 185 1;
settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Randolph, Henry C.; farmer; Walnut Grove Station, 3mse
Eugene. Born in Ind. 1838; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep.
Methodist.

Russell, James; laborer; 2|mse Eugene. Born in Ind. 1825;
settled in V. C. 1864. Dem.

Randolph, William; farmer; 2|msw Eugene. Born in Ohio
1820; settled in V. C. 1855. Dem.

Randolph, James; farmer; \\ m s e Eugene.
23

354 VERMILLION COUNTY.

Randolph, William F. ; farmer; 2\ m s e Eugene. Born in Ind.
1843; settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Methodist.

Russell, Taylor; farmer; 4ms Eugene. Born in 111. 1848; set-
tled in V. C. 1873. Indpt.

Ross, John; farmer; 3*^ m s w Eugene. Born in Ohio 1829;
settled in V. C. 1829. Rep.

Rutherford, Baylis; teamster; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in Ky.
1824; settled in V. C. 1870. Dem. Christian.

Remley, John W.; farmer; 5^ m s w Eugene. Born in Ind.
1838. Rep.

Sturn, Daniel; laborer; Eugene. Born in Va.

Sims, John; farmer; 1^ m s Eugene. Born in Va. 1808; set-
tled in V. C. 1830. Rep.

Swatsenburg, Otto; gardener; Eugene. Born in Prussia 1821 ;
settled in V. C. 1853. Dem.

Shelato, W. F.; farmer; i^m se Eugene. Born in V. C.
1833. Rep.

Sollars, Truman, Sen.; tenant farmer; \\ m s e Eugene. Born
in Ohio 1812. Dem.

Stakley, Alfred; farmer; 3^ m south of east of Eugene. Born
in V. C. 1850. Dem.

Sollars, Truman, Jr.; farmer; 1^ m Eugene. Born in V. C

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 355

Sims, Lewis; farmer; 2]/2 m s e Eugene. Born in Ind. 1836.
Rep. Methodist.

Sims, Cray; farmer; 4ms Eugene. Born in Va. 1830; settled
in V. C. 1834. Rep. Cumberland Presbyterian.

Sollars, Morris; farmer; 4 m s w Eugene. Born in V. C. 1846.
Rep.

Stevenson, John F. ; farmer; 4 m w Eugene. Born in V. C.

1844. Dem. Universalist.

Smith, Jesse; farmer; 3! m w Eugene. Born in Tenn. 1828;
settled in V. C. 1828. Independent. Methodist.

SHANNON, WILLIAM H.; cooper; Brownstown, 4 m north
of west of Eugene. Born in Ky. 1832; settled in V. C.
1867. Independent.

Sproul, Andrew; farmer; 3J m n w Eugene. Born in Ohio
1826; settled in V. C. 1836. Dem.

STURN, RICHARD M.; farmer; 2 \ m n w Eugene. Born in
111. 1836; settled in V. C. 1848. Dem.

Shallars, Jacob M.; farmer; 2 m n w Eugene. Born in V. C.

1845. ReP-

Segraves, Thomas; farmer; 2^ m n e Eugene. Born in Ind.
1842; settled in V. C. 1871. Rep.

SHELBY, EVAN C; farmer; 2% m n e Eugene. Born in
Ohio 1828; settled in V. C. 1870. Dem.

35^ VERMILLION COUNTY.

— ^

SHELBY, MRS. JANE; widow of Rezin Shelby; 1} ra e
Eugene. Born in Pa. 1798; settled in V. C. 1822.

SHELBY, MISS JANE; i|me Eugene. Born in V. C. 1834.

Sanders, Marion; farmer; 2|mne Eugene. Born in Mo. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1850. Rep.

SCONCE, ALONZO; blacksmith; Eugene. Born in V. C.
185 1. Rep.

SCONCE, JOHN R.; blacksmith and farmer; Eugene. Born
in Ky. 1825; settled in V. C. 1846. Rep. Presbyterian.

Shaw, Robert E.; retired merchant; Eugene. Born in V. C.
1829. ReP-

Sheward, James; saloon; Eugene. Born in Ohio 1825; settled
in V. C. 1825. Dem.

Switzer, George; retired farmer; Eugene. Born in Va. 18 18;
Rep. Protestant.

Towle, W. C; clerk; Eugene. Born in Me. 1828; settled in V.
C. i860. Rep.

Tipton, Andrew ; retired farmer; 2ms Eugene. Born in Ky.
1800; settled in V. C. 1822. Dem.

THOMAS, J. L.; farmer and trader; residence at Walnut Grove
Station; P. O. Newport. Born in V. C. 1838. Rep. Prot.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 357

THOMAS, JEROME B.; farmer; 4A m s w Eugene. Born in
V. C. 1844. Rep.

Thomas, John; farmer; 4^ m s w Eugene.

Tutt, James C; farmer; 1 m s w Eugene. Born in Va. 1816;
settled in V. C. 1837. Dem.

TUTT, NATHAN M.; farmer; 1% m s w Eugene. Born in
Va. 1834; settled in V. C. 1837. Cumberland Presbyt'n.

Tutt, Albert H.; farmer; i|ms Eugene. Born in V. C. 1843.
Dem.

Vandevander, Willis; farmer; Eugene. Born in V. C. 1853.
Rep.

VANSANT, JOHN; farmer; 2 m south of east of Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1842. Dem.

VICKER, ELIJAH; farmer; 3 m n w Eugene. Born in N. C.
1833; settled in V. C. 1862. Dem.

Vandevander, Barney ; laborer; Eugene. Born in 111. 1827;
settled in V. C. 1839. ReP-

Willfong, Michael; farmer; jjmsw Eugene. Born in V. C.
1847. Dem.

35§ VERMILLION COUNTY.

Wiltermood, James W.; farmer; 5^ m s w Eugene. Born in
V. C. 1856. Dem. Cumberland Presbyterian.

White, Nathan; farmer; 3^4 m s w Eugene. Born in Ohio
1846; settled in V. C. 1850. Rep.

West, A. J.; cooper; Brownstown ; 4 m w Eugene. Born in
Ohio 1833; settled in V. C. 1874. Dem.

Welton, Franklin H.; farmer; 2 m n e Eugene. Born in Ohio
1842; settled in V. C. 1873. Dem.

Wootan, Victor A.; farmer; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1842; set-
tled in V. C. 1872. Rep. Christian.

White, Enoch; farmer; 2|msw Eugene. Born in Ohio 1825;
settled in V. C. 1852. Rep. Methodist.

White, Franklin; cooper; 4 m w Eugene. Born in N. Y. 1845;
settled in V. C. 1873. Rep. Deist.

Wittenbereg, G. D.; butcher; Eugene. Born in Prussia 1840;
settled in V. C. 1867. Dem. Lutheran.

WHIPPLE, JAMES E.; confectioner; Eugene. Born in Iowa
1857; settled in V. C. i860.

Wallace, J. D.; painter; Eugene. Born in Ind. 1837; settled
in V. C. 1866. Indpt. Methodist.

WHIPPLE, LUCIEN R.; butcher; Eugene. Born in Ohio
1834; settled in V. C. 1840. Rep.

Wiltermood, Wesley; farmer; 3ms Eugene.

EUGENE TOWNSHIP. 359

Wiltermood, Joseph; farmer; 2^ m south of east of Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1835. Dem. Presbyterian.

Wigley, William; farmer; 3^ m n w Newport. Born in V. C.
1832. Dem.

Woodruff, Albert; farmer; 3ms w Eugene.

Woodruff, Able; farmer; 3 m s w Eugene.

YOUNT, JACOB; farmer; 2]/2 m south of east of Eugene.
Born in V. C. 1842. Rep.

YOUNT, W. H.; farmer; 2\ m n e Eugene. Born in V. C.
1842. Indpt. Universalist.

Yount, Marion; farmer; 2| m n e Eugene. Born in Mo. 1847;
settled in V. C. 1873. Indpt. Universalist.

YOUNT, JONAS R.; farmer; 2|mne Eugene. Born in V.
C. 1844. Indpt. Universalist.

APPENDIX.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

AND

PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN THE STATES.

The Articles of Confederation reported July 12, 1776, and debated
from day to day, and time to time, for two years, were ratified July 9,
1778, by ten States; by New Jersey, on the 28th of November of the
same year; and by Delaware , on the 23d of February following. Mary-
land, alone, held off two years more, acceding to them March 1st, 1781,
and thus closing the. obligation. The following are the Articles:

To all whom these presents shall come. We, the undersigned,
Delegates of the States affixed to our names, send greeting :

Whereas, The Delegates of the United States of America,
in Congress assembled, did, on the i$th day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1777, and in the Second Year of the In-
dependence of America, agree to certain Articles of Confedera-
tion and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hamp-
shire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Planta-
tions, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Del-
aware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia, in the words following, viz.:

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States
of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jetsey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina and Georgia.

Article i. The style of this Confederacy shall be "The
United States of America."

364 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

Art. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and inde-
pendence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not
by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States
in Congress assembled.

Art. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm
league of friendship with each other, for their common defense,
the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general wel-
fare, binding themselves to assist each other against all force
offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on ac-
count of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense
whatever.

Art. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friend-
ship and intercourse among the people of the different States in
this Union, the free inhabitants of each of these States — pau-
pers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted — shall be
entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the
several States ; and the people of each State shall have free in-
gress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy
therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the
same duties, impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants
thereof respectively, provided that such restriction shall not
extend so far as to prevent the removal of property, imported
into any State, to any other State of which the owner is an in-
habitant ; provided, also, that no imposition, duties or restric-
tion shall be laid by any State on the property of the United
States or either of them.

If any person guilty of or charged with treason, felony or
other high misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice,
and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon de-

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 365

mand of the Governor, or executive power of the State from
which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having
jurisdiction of his offense.

Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to
the records, acts and judicial proceedings of the courts and mag-
istrates of every other State.

Art. 5. For the more convenient management of the general
interest of the United States, Delegates shall be annually ap-
pointed, in such manner as the Legislature of each State shall
direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November in
every year, with a power reserved to each State to call its Dele-
gates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send
others in their stead for the remainder of the year.

No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two,
nor by more than seven members ; and no person shall be capa-
ble of being a Delegate for more than three years in any term
of six years ; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable
of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or
another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of
any kind.

Each State shall maintain its own Delegates in any meeting of
the States, and while they act as members of the Committee of
the States.

In determining questions in the United States, in Congress
assembled, each State shall have one vote.

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be im-
peached or questioned in any court or place, out of Congress,
and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons
from arrests and imprisonments, during the time of their going

366 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

to and from, and attendance on Congress, except for treason,
felony, or breach of the peace.

Art. 6. No State, without the consent of the United States
in Congress assembled, shall send an embassy to, or receive an
embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance
or treaty with any King, Prince, or State ; nor shall any person
holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or
any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of
any kind whatever from any King, Prince, or Foreign State ;
nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of
them, grant any title of nobility.

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confedera-
tion or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of
the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately
the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how
long it shall continue.

No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may interfere
with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the United
States in Congress assembled, with any King, Prince or State,
in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to
the Courts of France and Spain.

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any
State, except such number only as shall be deemed necessary
by the United States in Congress assembled for the defense of
such State or its trade ; nor shall any body of forces be kept
up by any State, in time of peace, except such number only as,
in the judgment of the United States in Congress assembled,
shall be deemed requisite to garrison the fotts necessary for the
defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a
well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and ac-

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 367

coutred, and shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in
public stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a
proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage.

No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the
United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be
actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain
advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians
to invade such a State, and the danger is so imminent as not to
admit of a delay, till the United States in Congress assembled
can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commissions to any
ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except
it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress
assembled, and then only against the Kingdom or State, and the
subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and
under such regulations as shall be established by the United
States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by
pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that
occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or
until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine
otherwise.

Art. 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the
common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel
shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively,
by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such
State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the
State which first made the appointment.

Art. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall
be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and
allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be
defrayed out of the common treasury, which shall be supplied

3^8 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

by the several States, in proportion to the value of all land
within each State, granted to or surveyed for any person, as
such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be
estimated according to such mode as the United States in Con-
gress assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by
the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several
States within the time agreed upon by the United States in
Congress assembled.

Art. 9. The United States in Congress assembled shall have
the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace
and war, except in the cases mentioned in the 6th article — of
sending and receiving embassadors — entering into treaties and
alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made
whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be
restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners
as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the
exportation or importation of any species of goods or commo-
dities whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all cases
what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what man-
ner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the
United States shall be divided or appropriated — of granting let-
ters of marque and reprisal in times of peace — appointing
courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the
high seas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining
finally appeals in all cases of capture, provided that no member
of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said

courts.

The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the

last resort or appeal in all disputes and differences now subsist-

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 369

ing, or that hereafter may arise between two or more States
concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever;
which authority shall always be exercised in the manner follow-
ing : — Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful
agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a
petition to Congress, stating the matter in question, and praying
for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress,
to the legislative or executive authority of the other State in con-
troversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties
by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint,
by joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court
for hearing and determining the matter in question ; but if they
can not agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of
the United States, and from the list of such persons each party
shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until
the number shall be reduced to thirteen ; and from that number
no less than seven, nor more than nine names, as Congress shall
direct, shall in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot,
and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any five of
them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally de-
termine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges
who shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination ; and
if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, with-
out showing reasons which Congress shall judge sufficient, or
being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed
to nominate three persons out of each State, and the Secretary
of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refus-
ing ; and the judgment and sentence of the court, to be appointed
in the manner above prescribed, shall be final and conclusive ;
24

370 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority
of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the
court shall, nevertheless, proceed to pronounce sentence or
judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, the
judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in either
case transmitted to Congress and lodged among the acts of
Congress for the security of the parties concerned ; provided
that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take
an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the Supreme
or Superior Court of the State where the cause shall be tried,
"well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question
according to the best of his judgment, without favor, affection,
or hope of reward ; " provided also that no State shall be
deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States.

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed
under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions
as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed
such grants, are adjusted, the said grants or either of them
being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent
to such settlement of "jurisdiction, shall, on the petition of either
party to the Congress of the United States, be finally deter-
mined as near as may be in the same manner as is before pre-
scribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction
between different States.

The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the
sole exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value
of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respect-
ive States — fixing the standard of weights and measures through-
out the United States — regulating the trade and managing all

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 37 1

affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the States ; pro-
vided that the legislative right of any State within its own lim-
its be not infringed or violated — establishing or regulating post-
offices from one State to another, throughout all the United
States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through
the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said
office — appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service
of the United States, excepting regimental officers — appointing
all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers
whatever in the service of the United States — making rules for
the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces,
and directing their operations.

The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority
to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be
denominated ' 'A Committee of the States, " and to consist of one
delegate from each State ; and to appoint such other committees
and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general
affairs of the United States, under their direction — to appoint
one of their number to preside ; provided that no person be al-
lowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in
any term of three years — to ascertain the necessary sums of
money to be raised for the service of the United States, and to
appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public ex-
penses— to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the
United States, transmitting every half year to the respective
States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted.
— to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the number of land-
forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota,
in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State,.

372 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

which requisition shall be binding ; and thereupon the legisla-
tures of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise
the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them in a soldier-like man-
ner, at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and
men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place
appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States
in Congress assembled ; but if the United States in Congress as-
sembled shall, on consideration of circumstances, judge proper
that any State should not raise men, or should raise a smaller
number than its quota, and that any other State should raise a
greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra num-
ber shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and equipped in
the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the legisla
ture of such State shall judge that such extra number can not be
safely spared out of the same ; in which case they shall raise,
officer, clothe, arm, and equip as many of such extra number as
they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so
clothed, armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed,
and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress
assembled.

The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage
in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of
peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money,
nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and ex-
penses necessary for the defense and welfare of the United
States, nor any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on
the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor
agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or pur-
chased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor
appoint a commander-in-chief of the army or navy, unless nine

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 373

States assent to the same ; nor shall a question on any other
point, except for adjourning from day to day, be determined,
unless by the votes of a majority of the United States in Con-
gress assembled.

The Congress of the United States shall have power to ad-
journ to any time within the year, and to any place within the
United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer
duration than the space of six months, and shall publish the
journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof
relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their
judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the dele-
gates of each State on any question shall be entered on the
journal when it is desired by any delegate ; and the delegates of
a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished
with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are
above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several
States.

Art. 10. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them,
shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such
of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress as-
sembled, by the consent of nine States, shall, from time to time,
think expedient to vest them with ; provided that no power be
delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by
the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the
Congress of the United States assembled is requisite.

Art. II. Canada, acceding to this confederation and joining
in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into,
and entitled to all the advantages of this union ; but no other
colony shall be admitted into the same unless such admission
be agreed to by nine States.

374 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

Art. 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and
debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before
the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the pres-
ent confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge
against the United States — for payment and satisfaction whereof
the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly
pledged.

Art. 13. Every State shall abide by the determinations of
the United States in Congress assembled on all questions which,
by this confederation, are submitted to them. And the articles
of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every
State, and the Union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any altera-
tion at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such
alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and
be afterward confirmed by the legislatures of every State.

And Whereas, It hath pleased the Great Governor of the
World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively
represent in Congress, to approve of and to authorise us to
ratify the said Articies of Confederation and perpetual Union,

Knozv Ye, That we, the undersigned delegates, by virtue of
the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do, by
these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective con-
stituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every
of the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, and
all and singular the matters therein contained. And we do fur-
ther solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective con-
stituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the
United States in Congress assembled on all questions which, by
the said confederation, are submitted to them. And that the

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 375

articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we
respectively represent, and that the Union shall be perpetual.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in Con-
gress.

Done at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th
day of July, in the year of our Lord 1778, and in the 3d year
of the Independence of America.

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS.

The Amendment proposed to the Constitution, June 8, 1866.

ARTICLE XIV.

Section i. All persons born or naturalized in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State
shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due
process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the
several States according to their respective numbers, counting
the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians
not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United
States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial
officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is
denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being
twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in
any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other
crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. 377

proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to
the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in
such State.

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in
Congress, or Elector of President and Vice President, or hold
any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under
any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a mem-
ber of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer
of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States,
shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same,
or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress
may, by a vote of two thirds of each house, remove such disa-
bility.

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States,
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pen-
sions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or re-
bellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United State-
nor any State shall assume or pay any debtor obligation incurred
in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or
any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all
such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by ap-
propriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

The amendment passed the Senate by a vote of 33 yeas to 1 1
nays, and the House by a vote 138 yeas to 36 nays.

ARTICLE XV.

Sec. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any

378 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS.

State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servi-
tude.

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

HOMESTEAD LAW.

By act of Congress of May 20, 1862, any person who is the
head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one
years, or has performed service in the army or navy, and is a
citizen of the United States, or shall have filed his declaration
of intention to become such, and has never borne arms against
the Government of the United Sates, or given aid and comfort
to its enemies, shall, from and after the 1st of January, 1863, be
entitled to enter a quarter section (160 acres) of unappropriated
public land, upon which he or she may have already filed a
pre-emption claim, or which is subject to pre-emption, at $1.25
per acre; or 80 acres of unappropriated lands, at $2.50 per acre.
In order to make his or her title good to such lands, however,
such person must make affidavit that such application is made
for his or her exclusive use and benefit, and that said entry is
made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and
not, either directly or indirectly, for the use or benefit of any
other person or persons whomsoever; and upon filing the affi-
davit, and paying the sum of ten dollars to the register or receiver,
such person shall be allowed to enter the land specified ; but no
certificate or patent is issued for the land until five years from
the date of such entry, and the land must, during that time, be
improved and not alienated (it can not be taken for debt).

At any time within two years after the expiration of said five

380 HOMESTEAD LAW.

years, the person making the entry, or, in case of his or her
death, his widow or heirs, may, on proof by two witnesses that
he or she has cultivated or improved said land, has not alienated
any part of it, and has borne true allegiance to the United
States, be entitled to a patent, if at that time a citizen of the
United States. In case of the abandonment of the lands by the
person making the entry, for a period of more than six months
at one time, they revert to the United States.

PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

CONSTITUTION OF THE INDIANA STATE GRANGE.

ARTICLE I.

This Grange shall be known and distinguished as the "Indi-
ana State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry," and in all
its acts shall be subject to the Constitution of the National

Grange.

ARTICLE II.

The members of the State Grange shall be Masters and Past
Masters of the Subordinate Granges of the State.

ARTICLE III.

This Grange shall hold regular annual meetings on the fourth
Tuesday in November, at such place as the Grange may by
vote decide. Special meetings may be called by the Master
and Secretary, by giving written notice to each Subordinate
Grange thirty days preceding, or by a vote of the Grange at a
regular meeting.

382 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

ARTICLE IV.

Thirteen members shall constitute a quorum for the transac-
tion of business.

ARTICLE V.

It shall be the duty of the Master to open and preside at all
meetings of the Grange, and in conjunction with the Secretary,
call special meetings of the Grange.

ARTICLE VI.

The duties of the Lecturer shall be such as usually devolve
upon that officer in a Subordinate Grange.

ARTICLE VII.

It shall be the duty of the Overseer to assist the Master in
preserving order, and he shall preside over the Grange in the
absence of the Master. In case of a vacancy of the office of
Master he shall fill the same until the next annual meeting.

ARTICLE VIII.

It shall be the duty of the Steward to have the charge of the
inner gate, and to preside over the Grange in the absence of the
Master and Overseer.

ARTICLE IX.

The Assistant Steward shall assist the Steward in the perform-
ance of his duties.

ARTICLE X.

The Secretary shall keep an accurate record of all the pro-
ceedings of the Grange ; make out all necessary returns to the
National Grange ; keep the accounts of the Subordinate Granges

CONSTITUTION OF THE INDIANA STATE GRANGE. 383

with the State Grange; receive and pay over to the Treasurer
all moneys, and take a receipt for the same.

ARTICLE XI.

It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive all moneys
from the hands of the Secretary, giving his receipt for the same ;
to keep an accurate account thereof and pay them out on the
order of the Master, with the consent of the Grange ; he shall
render a full account of his office at each annual meeting, and
deliver to his successor in office all moneys, books, and papers
pertaining to his office, and he shall give bonds in a sufficient
amount to secure the money that may be placed in his hands,
subject to the approval of the State Grange.

ARTICLE XII.

It shall be the duty of the Gate Keeper to see that the gates
are properly guarded.

ARTICLE XIII.

All elections shall be by ballot, and a majority vote elects.

ARTICLE XIV.

All Committees, unless otherwise ordered, shall consist of
three members, and shall be appointed as follows : two mem-
bers by the Master and one by the Overseer.

ARTICLE XV.

At the regular annual meeting a Committee on Finance shall
be appointed, whose duty it shall be to audit all accounts pre-
vious to their being paid. To them shall be referred the reports
of the Secretary and Treasurer for examination.

384 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

ARTICLE XVI.

At the first annual meeting six members shall be elected by-
ballot, three of whom shall hold their office for two years, and
three for one year, their several terms of service to be deter-
mined by lot ; and at each annual session thereafter, there shall
be chosen three members of said committee who shall take the
place of the retiring members. The duties of this committee
shall be confined to business, and in the recess of the Grange
they may suggest or adopt such regulations as may seem neces-
sary and expedient for the welfare of the Order.

ARTICLE XVII.

The annual year of this and Subordinate Granges shall com-
mence on the 1st day of January and end on the last day of
December of each year.

ARTICLE XVIII.

The Secretary shall see that the quarterly dues of Subordinate
Granges are promptly paid, and in case the dues remain delin-
quent two quarters, the delinquent Grange shall be reported to
the Master of the State Grange. On receiving such notice it
shall be the duty of the Master to warn the delinquent Grange,
and if the dues are not forwarded in thirty days it shall be the
duty of the Master to revoke the charter of the delinquent

Grange.

ARTICLE XIX.

Any Grange whose charter has thus been revoked may appeal
to the State Grange at any regular meeting asking for reinstate-
ment, and the State Grange shall have power to reinstate such
Grange, subject to such penalty as may seem just.

CONSTITUTION OF THE INDIANA STATE GRANGE. 385

ARTICLE XX.

In case a member of a Subordinate Grange wishes to transfer
his or her membership to another Subordinate Grange, or with-
draw his or her membership altogether, it may be done by a
vote of the Grange of which he or she is a member, when, upon
the payment of all dues, the Master and Secretary of the Grange
shall give him or her a certificate that he or she is a member in
good standing, and that in accordance with his or her wishes,
the membership with that Grange has been dissolved. When ap-
plying for membership in any other Subordinate Grange this
certificate shall entitle him or her to be received therein upon a
majority vote, without any further action on the part of the
Grange to which he or she may unite. Such members, can,
however, be expelled for cause, the same as any other member.

ARTICLE XXI.

There shall be appointed by the Master of the State Grange
a sufficient number of Deputies, who are Masters or Past Mas-
ters, whose duty it shall be to organize new Granges, on appli-
cation having been made to them by those desiring such an or-
ganization ; to install officers of Granges when the same have
been elected, and shall be vigilant that no disorder shall obtain
in Granges under their jurisdiction, and shall promptly report
any such disorder to the Master. The jurisdiction of a Deputy
shall be limited to the county in which he resides, except by
special permit. Deputies shall receive, for organizing new
Granges, their traveling expenses and five dollars additional for
each day's service actually necessary for the work. The Depu-
ties shall be appointed for two years, but shall be subject to re-

25

386 PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

moval for cause by the Master. No other Granges shall hereafter
be recognized except those organized by Deputies appointed as
herein specified, excepting only the Master and Secretary of this
Grange.

ARTICLE XXII.

This Constitution may be amended or revised at any regular
meeting of the Grange, by a vote of two-thirds of the members
present.

THE HORSE.

SIGNS OF DISEASE IN THE HORSE.
The horse being unable to describe to us his feelings, and tell
us the seat of his pain, we are compelled to rely on such signs
and symptoms as we can discover, by various means, to deter-
mine the nature of his ailments. A few of the more common
symptoms, or signs of disease, will now be considered. But to
determine exactly the character of any particular case of dis-
ease, the combination of symptoms present will have to be
considered. In this article, however, important landmarks are
presented which may be very useful in guiding to correct con-
clusions.

The Pulse. — The pulse of a medium-sized healthy horse beats
about forty per minute. The pulse of a small horse may be a
few more, or, of a larger one, a beat or two less. Age de-
creases the pulse slightly. Any considerable increase of the
pulse over forty per minute indicates fever or inflammation, and
other symptoms must be looked for to determine the particular
locality of the disease. When great weakness ensues, the pulse
becomes fluttering.

The Membrane of the Nose. — This, in health, is of a light
pink color. In fever and inflammation it is red. If of the
lungs or air-passages, it is more deeply colored, and specked
with brown mucus. In the very last stage of most diseases,

388 THE HORSE.

when death is about taking place, the membrane of the nose
becomes of a dark, leaden or livid color. In glanders it is of a
light blue and reddish color, with specks of ulceration over it.
In scarlet fever it is covered with scarlet spots.

The Ears, in disease, lose their erectness and quickness of
motion, and become dull, loose and fallen ; falling forward if the
head is down, and backward if it is raised, in all diseases affect-
ing the system generally. The ears are cold in inflammation of
the lungs and pleurisy ; slightly so in other diseases, as colic,
etc.

The Eyes. — Weeping of the eyes is observed in colds, stran-
gles, catarrhal fever, and glanders. When the eyes become
glassy in the advanced stage of disease, it indicates that death
is about to take place.

The MoutJi is hot in fevers and inflammations. The mouth
and tongue are clammy and offensive in severe fevers.

The Breathing. — The breathing is rapid in fevers ; laborious
in inflammation of the lungs ; laborious, short and catching in
pleurisy, and difficult in thick-wind. The nostrils are much
spread in inflammation of the lungs and pleurisy. The breath
is hot. Deep, snoring breathing indicates disease of the brain.

The Feet. — Coldness of the feet indicates inflammation of im-
portant internal organs, as the lungs, pleura, bowels, bladder,
etc. Heat and tenderness of the feet occur in founder.

The Hair. — The hair is dry and staring in farcy, glanders, in-
digestion, hide-bound from any cause, worms, mange, consump-
tion, surfeit, all diseases of the skin, and starvation. The hair
comes out in patches in mange, and in spots in surfeit.

The Skin. — Heat of the skin is one of the principal signs of

THE HORSE. 389

external local inflammation ; it also shows the presence of some
fevers of a general character. A yellowness about the mouth,
eyes and nose, shows jaundice or inflammation of the liver.
Redness of the skin of the heels is a forerunner of grease or
scratches. Dryness and huskiness of the skin and hair indicate
constitutional derangement, either of a chronic character, or, it
may be, some acute disease already present, or just coming on,
as pleurisy or inflammation of the lungs, in which the skin of
the legs is cool or cold throughout.

The Dung. — The appearance of the horse's dung shows the
condition of his digestion. The dung very offensive, like that
of the hog or human, indicates a want of action in the absorb-
ent vessels of the bowels, which is a form of indigestion. The
dung-balls are slimy in glanders, farcy, and worms.

The Water. — The urine of the horse undergoes very great
changes of quantity, color and thickness, when the animal is in
perfect health. Stopping of urine, or, when it passes only a
little at a time, and that attended with great straining, indicates
stricture, inflammation of the kidneys or bladder, or stone in
the bladder. Diabetes is told by the composition of the urine
and the quantity ; bloody water by its being mixed with blood.

The Flanks heave in inflammation of lungs, pleura and bow-
els. They are tucked up in glanders, farcy, indigestion, jaun-
dice, and other diseases in which indigestion is impaired. A
kernel will be felt in the inside of the loose skin of the flank, in
the groin, in mange. The flanks throb in thumps.

Drooping of the Head is a sign present in a great variety of
diseases and of opposite characters. When it is observed, other
symptoms should be looked for. It is most marked and perfect
in diseases of the brain.

39° THE HORSE.

Lying Down. — In flatulent colic the horse lies down carefully,
rolls and tries to keep on his back. He then gets up quick.
In spasmodic colic he lies down quick, rolls over quickly several
times, and gets up, or he may only rise on his hips and sit for
awhile, and then roll again, or get up. In inflammation of the
bowels he lies down carefully, and lies stretched out, and paws
or strikes with his fore-feet.

Standing Still. — In locked-jaw the horse stands wide, and
fixed as a statue. In inflammation of the lungs he stands with
the head inclining and his fore-feet forward; and does not want
to move ; and if he lies down, he gets up instantly. In pleurisy
the same way, but may lie down for a little time.

Pointing with the Nose. — The horse points with his nose to
the flanks, in inflammation of the bowels and colic ; and turns
his neck carefully and looks at his side, but does not put his nose
to the body, in pleurisy. In inflammation of the foot or acute
founder he points his nose to the feet.

Pointing the Fore-foot indicates atrophy of the muscles of the
shoulder, called sweeny. Pointing first one and then the other,
is a symptom of chest-founder, or rheumatism. Dragging the
fore-foot shows dislocation of the shoulder-joint.

Staggering, in most diseases, as colic for example, indicates
approaching death. It is a symptom of hysterics, palsy, and
poisoning with narcotics.

Straddling is a symptom of inflammation of the kidneys, blad-
der, and strain of the back.

Stiffness in Walking occurs in big-head, farcy, founder, lung
fever, pleurisy, hysterics, and rheumatism.

Twitching of the skin on the side occurs in pleurisy.

THE HORSE. 39 1

Delirium occurs in inflammation of the brain, vertigo, apo-
plexd and stomach staggers.

Drying up of the Perspiration, or sweat, very suddenly, when
the horse is being driven or worked, is an indication that he is
about taking pleurisy or inflammation of the lungs, or some
other severe form of inflammation.

NICKING.

This operation consists in dividing or cutting the muscles
whose office it is to draw down or depress the tail. The object
of the operation is to cause the horse to carry his tail in a raised
position. An angle of elevation of about forty-five degrees is
generally aimed at.

We are not sure that good taste, Christianity, and humanity,
are not all violated in thus mutilating the horse. We are sure
his comfort is much diminished.

The instruments necessary to perform the operation of nick-
ing are, a nicking-knife, or a narrow-bladed knife, rounded on
the edge from the heel to within half an inch from the point ;
the pulleys, which are to be arranged in the horse's stall ; a
twitch for the nose and a collar around the neck, to which two
ropes are tied, and one of these extended back to the pastern of
each hind-leg. The horse being thus manacled, an assistant
holds the head and another the tail. The operator then passes
the knife through the skin at the side of the tail, as near the
root of the tail as possible, so that the back of the knife rests
against the lower side of the tail-bone. The knife having been
introduced far enough to pass the muscles of that side, by a
sawing motion of the knife the muscles are cut, which may be
known by the edge of the knife reaching the skin. The mus-

392 THE HORSE.

cles of the other side of the tail are then to be cut in the same
way.

The same operation is then performed about an inch and a
half or two inches back on the tail, and then again about the
same distance from that place, so that the under muscles of the
tail are cut three times. Only two cuts are sometimes made.
The horse is then ready for the pulleys. The tail will have to
be kept raised by the pulleys three weeks or a month. He
should be taken out a little time every four or five days. Light
feed should be given. The best pulley is to be put on a collar.
Make a tail-set of light wood, and place it on the rump, with a
groove for the tail and a pulley to the collar.

DOCKING.

Docking, or amputation of the tail, should be performed in
the following manner : The horse is cast ; the place it is de-
sired to take the tail off is selected, a joint is found, and about
half an inch below it, by one sweep of the knife, the skin of the
tail is cut; the skin is then forcibly drawn back until the joint
is in view ; the knife is then passed squarely through the joint,
and the tail is off. There are two arteries which may have to
be tied. The forceps and silk should be on hand for this pur-
pose, or they may be smeared with a hot iron, to stop the bleed-
ing. The skin is then drawn down over the end of the bone,
and two or three stitches passed through it to close the wound.
Cold-water dressing, or a little tincture of aloes and myrrh, is
all that will be needed.

FOALING.

As a general rule, the mare requires no assistance from man
in this condition. But it may happen that the foal fails to come

THE HORSE. 393

in the proper way, which is with the head forward, and becomes
so entangled that the life of the foal or the dam may be endan-
gered. When this is the case, a stout man with some skill and
good nerve may, by persevering effort, gently and firmly, so
change the position of the foal as to enable the efforts of the
mare to expel it. If it is impossible to so change the foal as to
bring the head down properly, the operator may pass the hand
up so as to get 'hold of both hind-feet, and bring them down so
that the foal may come rump foremost. It may require consid-
erable force to turn the foal, but there is no danger in it if it is
patiently applied ; but the parts already born should never be
caught hold of for the purpose of pulling the foal away. The
dam may be ruined by such meddling.

Taking the Foal Aivay. — Sometimes the foal is so large that
it can not be born. In such case, if it is evident the life of the
dam will be lost by longer waiting, the hand may be passed up
until it rests under the fore-leg of the foal, an open knife having
been carefully held in the hand, and then the leg of the foal
carefully separated from its body by the knife. In this opera-
tion great care must be taken not to injure or cut the parts of
the dam which closely infold the colt. If necessary, other parts
of the foal may be similarly removed.

Taking away the Place?ita. — Occasionally the mare does not
clean in a proper time. This may cause inflammation. If in-
flammation is threatened, the placenta should be taken away.
This may be done by passing the hand, well greased, far up and
beyond the parts to be taken away, and then grasping them and
bringing them out with the hand.

Rupture in Foaling. — Sometimes the parts which lie between

394 THE horse.

the fundament and bearing are torn in foaling, so that both
openings are united. Some good may be done, in such a case,
by stitching up the wound with a fine, curved, surgeon's needle
and fine surgeon's silk, then keeping the patient's bowels loose.
The prospects are not very favorable to a cure.

WINTER RULES.

Never go to bed with cold or damp feet ; but always toast
them by a fire for some ten or fifteen minutes before going to
bed.

Be very careful never to sleep with the head or chest exposed
to the draft of an open window or door.

Have enough covering on the bed to feel comfortably warm,
with rather more over the feet and lower part of the legs. It is
also a good rule to have some extra covering on hand, where it
can be easily reached, in case of a sudden change to colder
weather during the night.

When going from a warm atmosphere into a colder one, keep
the mouth closed, so that the air may be warmed by its passage
through the nose, ere it reaches the lungs. A neglect of this
matter, by suddenly chilling the air vessels, has caused pleurisy,
inflammation of the lungs, etc.

Never stand still in cold weather, especially after having taken
even a slight degree of exercise. And always avoid standing
upon ice or snow, or where the person is exposed to a cold wind.
Keep moving all the time.

After exercise of any kind, and however slight it may be,
never ride in an open carriage, nor near the open window of a
car or other vehicle for a moment ; it is dangerous to health and
even life.

39^ WINTER RULES.

On commencing a journey, always wear an old boot or shoe
at first.

India rubbers should never be worn, only to protect the feet
from wet. When worn too much they dispose to colds, coughs,
rheumatism, etc.

When traveling in the face of an extremely cold wind, wear a
handkerchief over the nose and mouth, so as to avoid the chill-
ing influence of the cold upon the lungs.

Merely warm the back by a fire or stove, and never continue
keeping the back exposed to the heat, after it has been comfort-
ably warmed. To do otherwise is debilitating.

Never begin a journey until the breakfast has been eaten.

When hoarse, speak as little as possible until it is recovered
from, else the voice may be permanently lost, or difficulties of
the throat be produced.

RECIPES.

GOLDEN OIL.
I pint linseed oil, I drachm oil organum, I drachm oil cedar,
I drachm oil sassafras, I drachm oil hemlock, I drachm oil pep-
permint, i drachm tincture laudanum, 4 drachms gum cam-
phor.

MUTTON BROTH.

Take three pounds of the scrag-end of a fresh neck of mut-
ton, cut it into several pieces, wash them in cold water, and
put them into a stew-pan with two quarts of cold spring-water ;
place the stew-pan on the fire to boil ; skim well and add a
couple of turnips cut into slices, a few branches of parsley, a
sprig of green thyme, and a little salt. When it has boiled
gently by the side of the stove for an hour and a half, skim off
the fat from the surface, and then let it be strained through a
lawn sieve into a basin and kept for use.

BEEF TEA.
Take two pounds of the lean part of the gravy piece of beef,
and carefully pare away every particle of fat, skin or sinew; cut
this into small square pieces the size of a nut; put the beef into
a stew-pan capable of containing two quarts, and pour three pints
of boiling water upon it. Add a little salt, put it on the stove
fire, and as soon as it boils skim it and then remove it to the
side of the stove to continue boiling gently for an hour, after
which it should be strained through a napkin for use.

398 RECIPES.

PECTORAL CHICKEN BROTH.
Cut up a young fowl into several pieces ; put it into a stew-
pan with three pints of spring water ; set it on the stove fire to
boil ; skim well, and add a little salt. Take two tablespoonsful
of pearl barley, wash it in several waters, and add to it the broth,
together with one ounce of marsh-mallow roots cut into shreds
for the purpose of better extracting its healing properties. The
broth should then boil one hour, and be passed through a napkin
into a basin, to be kept ready for use.

TO CURE GAPES IN CHICKENS.

1. Rub up some black pepper and butter, and make the
fowls swallow it ; for a hen a teaspoon half full is a dose ; chick-
ens in proportion. Repeat the dose every day or two.

2. Give small crumbs of dough well saturated with soft
soap ; once or twice is enough.

3. Gapes may be prevented as well as cured, if it has not
gone too far, by mixing assafcetida with the food of chickens.
Four ounces, costing about thirty cents, will do for four hundred
chickens per day.

FOR HORSE DISTEMPER.

Take of flour of sulphur two parts, saltpetre one part ;
mix. Give two table-spoonsful twice a day until the symptoms
are better. Also put a lump of lard in each ear, about the size
of a hickory nut.

Mr. Edward F. Morgan, Elgin county, C. W., a very promi-
nent farmer, has repeatedly tried this remedy, and says that
it is the best thing he ever tried to relieve horses attacked
with this troublesome disease.

recipes. 399

TO REMOVE COCKEOACHES.
Place cucumber-rinds in plenty around their haunts, renewing
them every week or two.

TO DRIVE AWAY FLIES.

i. Dip a bunch of plantain or fleawort in milk, and hang it up
in the room, and the flies will leave.

2. Mix together a teaspoonful of ground black pepper, a
teaspoonful of brown sugar, and two teaspoosnful of milk.
Place it on a plate where the flies are most troublesome.

3. Take half an ounce, each, of sugar and quassia in coarse
powder, place them in a cup, and add a pint of boiling water.

INDEX.

PAGE.

Declaration of Independence 3

Constitution of the United States 9

Constitution of Indiana 26

Emancipation Proclamation 54

Political Platforms „ 56

Baxter Liquor Law 85

Geological Items 93

Philosophy 104

Sketches of Astronomy 106

Pay of Government Officers 114

Religious 115

Population of States and Territories 117

Population of Principal Cities 117

Male Inhabitants 118

Vote of Each State 119

Population of Indiana by Counties 120

Population of Indiana Towns 121

Sabbath Schools 125

Recipes 127 397

Historical Sketch of Vermillion County 131

Exhibit of Receipts and Expenditures 161

Clinton Township 165

Helt Township 213

Vermillion Township 265

Highland Township 298

Eugene Township 331

Articles of Confederation 363

Constitutional Amendments. 379

Homestead Law 379

Constitution Patrons of Husbandry 381

The Horse 387

*

Winter Rules 395

NOV 18 193*