MarH-orotisrb' self-Tauirht Series.
PERSIAN
SELF-TAUGHT
For
TOURISTS
TRAVELLERS
STUDENTS
&c., &c.
(PERSIAN ROMANIZED).
Conversational Phrases.
Travel Talk: Train, Boat, Hotel,
Meals, Shopping, &c.
Commercial Terms.
Vocabularies (classified).
Persian Handwriting.
F .ementary Grammar.
' toney.
llustration of Coinage.
WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION
Wrapper
NET.
Cloth
NET.
By
SHEYKH HASAN.
LONDON:
E. MARLBOROUQH & Co., Ltd., 51 & 52, Old Bailey, E.C.4.
\
r" ''*«
"AI U
Ess
KGSB U3RAR*.
v'V
u
SILVER?
Tooman d£& fok Tooman
COPPER
Sbabee Sbabee
PERSIAN COINS.
Page 96.
\RLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES
(IN ROMAN CHARACTERS)
WITH ENGLISH
PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
CONTAINING
THE ALPHABET, TRANSLITERATION & PRONUNCIATION;
OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR ;
CLASSIFIED VOCABULARIES AND CONVERSATIONS ;
TRAVEL TALK, TRADE AND COMMERCE ;
PERSIAN HANDWRITING ;
THE NUMERALS, MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES;
&c., &c.
SHEYKH HASAN,
LONDON :
E. MARYBOROUGH & Co., 51, OLD BAILEY, R.C.
1909.
[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]
PEEFACE.
THIS volume is primarily intended to supply & working and
practical knowledge of the Persian language, for the benefit
of those who have not the time or the inclination to master
the grammar, and yet require to use the spoken tongue for
purposes of business or pleasure. With this object in view it
supplies many vocabularies of words carefully selected to suit the
needs of those holding communication with Persia and the
Persians, classified according to subject, and a large number
of colloquial phrases and sentences of a practical character,
similarly classified. Throughout these sections of the volume
the Persian words are given in the romanized form, and the
English phonetic pronunciation is added (in the third column)
in accordance with Marlborough's system of phonetics — for which,
of course, the Publishers alone are responsible — a system which
has grown out of long experience, and is of so simple a nature that,
by means of it, a stranger to the language, who knows English only,
can read off the words at a glance, and thus easily make himself
understood amongst Persian-speaking people. An outline of the
Grammar is added for the use of students of the language.
The work thus forms a useful and valuable handbook of Persian
for tourists and travellers, commercial men, naval and military
officers, students and others. We may add that the Persian
language is very sweet, and compared with other languages is
easy to master. It has a complete literature of its own. It is not
spoken in Persia alone, but in Afghanistan and many parts of
India, and is the official language of some of the courts of that
country. It is also used in Turkish Arabia (Baghdad), and by
educated people in Russian Turkestan.
. The study of Persian is almost essential to one who wishes to
learn Hindustani and modern Turkish, as the former of these
contains about 40 per cent, and the latter about 25 per cent, of
Persian words.
SHEYKH HASAN.
Cambridge, 1909.
CONTENTS.
THE ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION, — Pages 7 to 11 .
The Alphabet 7
The Persi-Arabic Characters 8
Remarks on the Alphabet 10
The Romanized Characters, with Phonetic Pronunciation 11
PRELIMINARY NOTES 12
VOCABULARIES. — Pages 13 to 52.
Animals, Vegetables, etc. 15 — 18
Animals, Birds and Fishes ... 15
Flowers, Fruits, Trees and Vegetables 17
Insects and Reptiles 16
Colours 18
Commercial and Trading Terms 33
Correspondence 36
House and Furniture 28
^Tankind ; Relations 21
Human Body, The 22
• Cooking and Eating Utensils 26
Dress and Dressing 26
Food, Drink and Smoking 24
Health 23
Numbers: Cardinal 38
Collective and Fractional 40
Ordinal 39
Parts of Speech. — Pages 41 to 52.
Adjectives
Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions
Verbs
Post-office, Telegraph and Telephone 37
Professions and Trades ... 30
Times and Seasons 18
The Persian Months 20
Town and Country ... ... 20
Travelling by Land 31
CONTENTS.
Travelling by Sea 32
Washing List 28
World and its Elements, The 13
Land and Water 13
Minerals and Metals 14
OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. — Pages 53 to 64.
Adjectives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 55
Adverbs 64
Conjunctions ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 64
The Izafat 54
„ Noun 53
Prepositions 63
Pronouns : Personal, Possessive, Relative, Interrogative 56—59
The Verb 59
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES & SENTENCES. — Pages 65 to 92.
Commercial and Trading 88 — 91
Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc. 82
Enquiries ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 70
Expressions, Useful and Necessary Idiomatic ... 65 — 69
Expressions of Emotion, etc 69
Health 80
In Town 84
Money-Changing 91
Notices 83
Post, Telegrams, etc 82
Shopping ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 86
Time, The 81
Travelling. — Pages 71 to 80.
Arrival 74
Hotel, The ... 75
Meals 78
Railway, The 71
Steamboat, The ... ... ... ... ... ••• 73
Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions ... 65 — 69
PERSIAN HANDWRITING ... 93
Specimen of Persian Handwriting (The Lord's Prayer) ... 94
The Lord's Prayer in Romanized Persian, with lifceial
translation 95
MONEY: Persian Coins ... 95
Equivalent Values — English, American and Persian ... 96
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 96
POSTAL CHARGES ... 96
PERSIAN SELF-TAUGHT.
THE ALPHABET.
THE Persi-Arabic letters at first sight appear very be-
wildering to Europeans, and are a frequent cause of
stumbling to many who would find a knowledge of
the language of immense importance to them. It is to-
meet this difficulty that the Eomanized characters have
been adopted in this work.
Students who desire to study the wonderful literature
of the East at first hand, must, however, overcome this
initial difficulty, and to do this the best plan is to copy
each letter repeatedly, and with care, until it is fixed in
the memory, only two or three being dealt with at a time,
and not the whole alphabet. In this way one is surprised
how soon the characters in their various positions become
familiarized to the mind.
Having mastered the alphabet, the words given in the
vocabularies should next be learned, pronouncing the
phonetic aloud, and writing the word from memory in the
Persi-Arabic letters, which can then be corrected by
reference to the following tables. In this way the
rudiments of the language will be easily acquired.
The letters and sentences are written and read from
,-iyht to left, as in all thi Semitic languages — the Persi-
Arabic being one of these — although it should always be
borne in mind that the Persian language proper is not of
Semitic origin, but is akin to the old Sanskrit.
THE ALPHABET IN PERSI-ARABIC
WITH ROMAN CHARACTERS.
Letters marked with * are Arabic characters, and the words in which they
occur are Arabic.
Kaine.
Detached
Form.
Forms used in Combination.
Roman Characters.
(For Phonetic Pronuncia-
tion, see p. 11.)
Final.
Medial.
Initial.
alif
1
L
L
1
a
1)6
L_>
<-+
A
)
b
pe
L_J
y-*
5
P
te
ei>
o
*
)
t
ce
•. *
£j
^
i
J
s
jlm
G
?
s.
Oh
j (&s j in jeicel)
chlm
2.
£
s.
*
ch (as ch in church)
he
C*
#
s.
ft,
h
khe
dal
t
^
j
A
s
A
:>.
3
kli (a guttural ns-
piiate like ch in
tlie Scotcli /oc/<)
d
zal
i
A
JL
i
z
ray
J
J
S
}
r
?.ay
J
s
)•
j
z
jay
J
}
}
J
j ("as s in^/^^. ««?•«, or
y in French jar (Jin)
Name,
sin
Detached
Form.
Forms used in Combination.
Roman Characters.
(For Phonetic Pronuncia-
tion, see p. 11.)
Final.
Medial.
Initial.
y*
u~
~
Ml
S
slim
&
b*
.i.
£
sh
sad
^*
M-
*
*,
S
zad
L^*
U^
-i
-i
Z
tay
^*
Ja
k
t
t
zay
fc'*
JQ
b
b
z
ayu
f*
c,
-
-
a
ghiiyn
fe
I 9
f
i
C
£.
i
gh (as g in ^ood, very
guttural)
f
qaf
(J *
e
fi
5
q (very guttural)
kaf
d
di
C
sT
k
gaf
^
<
r
f
g (as g in ambiguity}
lam
J
J
^
j
1
mini
r
r
-
-
m
nun
u
^
*
J
n
vav
J
j
J
J5
V
hay
_ s.
t *
T»
h
yay
L?
0
A
I
y
1U
REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.
The Persian alphabet contains no vowels, properly so called.
The short vowel-sounds are indicated by (*) zabarr, ( ) zeerr,
(') pish. The first is a short (a) as in at; the second (zeerr)
short («) as in effort ; the third (pish) gives the short (u) sound
something like the sound of ou in should, or of u in the French
plume pronounced short : ex. I, *, I, pronounced respectively ma,
me.'i, men. When the long vowel-sound a, as in art, occurs at the
beginning of a word it is indicated by the sign (") madd, placed
over I as in *y adam, j^l amad, but elsewhere in a word it is
indicated simply by 1 as in jli, shad (glad). There is no sign in
Persian for the vowel (o) as in -no'e, but (a) with (') zabarr,
followed by (v) is pronounced as (o) : ex. .^.1 oder (paternal uncle),
(£i..l orang (throne).
U (y) following any letter with (_) zeerr, is pronounced as
long I, i. e. as double ee in sheep : ex. (j\^\ eerdn (Persia), >_^~>.i
deeshab (last night). There are two other signs, namely (°)
djazm, and (") tashdeed. The first of these is placed over any
letter which is followed by no vowel-sound, as over > s in ,-^J,
raftan (to go); the second doubles the letter over which it is
placed, as over j; in (_pUi3 pronounced naq-qdsh (artist). These
vowel-signs are in fact never used in Persian writing, but
their omission causes no ambiguity, as any doubtful word i&
determined by the context.
11
THE ROMANIZED CHARACTERS,
WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
PRONUNCIATION.
Phonetics
used
Like the English a in at
As a long in art
Like ai in rain
As b in but ...
As ch in church
As in English
As e in egg
As / in friend
Like the g in ambiguity
Like the English 0 in good, very guttural ...
Aspirated, as in English
As i in bit
As ee in deed ...
As j in jam ...
As 2 in azure ...
As /i in keep ...
A guttural aspirate like ch in the bcotch lodi
As in English
As in English
As in English
As o in hope ...
As in English
A deep guttural
As in English very ; always to be pronounced
A sibilant, as in sister
As in shine
As in tutor
Short, as on in should, or u in French plume
As oo in ;//oon
As in English
As in you
As in zodiac ...
* Pronounce " eu " as one sound, and short.
12
PRELIMINARY NOTES.
Persian equivalents. — It is necessary to point out that in the
third part of the book, "Conversational Phrases and Sentences,"
the Persian equivalents of the English phrases are given in the
second column, and not merely a translation of the English
words. How different the equivalent and the literal translation
may be is shown by the few instances where both are given.
(See i>. 65.)
Pronunciation. — The student will do well to master the
pronunciation at the outset. The use and value of each
phonetic sign adopted are shown on page 11, and should be
carefully noted.
Marlborough's system of phonetics is based on the principle
of one sign, one sound, and conversely, one sound, one sign.
The particular use of each English letter in representing the
sounds of the Persian characters should be learnt, and each
must always be pronounced in the same manner (one sign, one
sound).
To facilitate the correct pronunciation of the short vowels,
the words in the vocabularies have, to a great extent, been
divided up by hyphens, but these divisions do not always
correspond with the true syllables ; e.g., sad urn, pronunciation
written " sad-eum " (properly " sa-deum ") ; neyah, pronunciation
written " neg-ah " (for " ne-gah ").
In such words as " daste man," where the letter e stands for
Izafat, it will be noticed that it is represented by i in the third
column (dast-i-man) to remind the reader that it is Izafat. Where
c does not stand for the Izafat it is denoted by " e " in the
the third column also.
The conjunction va (and) in such words as dast va pa (hand
and foot), rooz va shah (day and night), is pronounced eu in
conversation, like the French *.i in plume ; (dasteu-pa, roozeu-
shah).
In all questions the intOrrogative (aya) is inserted. In
conversation, however, i/> is often omitted, the question beinp
inferred from the inflexion of the voice.
VOCABULARIES.
The World and its Elements.
English.
(Jefidn va anaser-i-oo.)
Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
» Air
liavci
hav-a
x cloud
air
abr
, cold
sard
sarrd
darkness
tdrlkl
ta-ree-kee
earth
klidk, zamln
Mak, zameen
east
sharq, mashreq
sharrq, mash-req
' fire
dtash
a-tash
fog
meh
rneh
frost
sannd, sard
sarr-ma, sarrd
s heat
yarm, yannd
garrm, garr-ma
/ light
roshan •
ro-shan .
lightning
barq
barrq
/ moon
mdli rnah
north
shemal shem-al
rainbow
qos-i-qazali qos-i-qaz-a
shade
say ali
sa-ya
sky 1 dsemdn
a-seni-an
south
janub
jan-oob
/ star
setdrah
se-ta-ra
storm
killdk, tufan
koo-lak, too-fan
^ sun
khnrshld
AV/eurr-sheed
thaw
yakhdb, barfab
ya/i/t-ab, barrf-ab
thunder
ra'd
ra'd
weather
hard, db-va-havd
hav-a, a-beu-hav-a
t west
fjhai'b, niaghreb
/7//arrb, maf//i-reb
wind
bad
bad"
world
jehcin, dnnyd
je-han, deun-yil
Land and Water. (Zamm va ab.)
Bay
khalij [daryd /r/ta-leej [darr-ya.
beach
kandre dari/d, label ka-na-ri darr-ya, lab-k
cape
daindi/hdJi dama-///m
cliff
neshib, surdzlri nesheeb, sa-ra-zee-ree
coast, shore
sdliel, Icaran
sa-hel, ka-rfni
hail
tarjarij
ta-garrg
y ice
yakh ya/r/(
14
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
island
jazlrah
jaz-ee-ra
/ lake
darydchali
darr-ya-cha
* land
zanrin, khushkl
za-meen, /c/teush-kee
/ mud
gel
gel
f rain
bdrdn
ba-ran
, river
rud, nahr
rood, nahrr
yt rock
sang, sakhrah
sang, saM-ra
x sea
daryd
darr-ya
^ snow
barf
barrf
/ stream
i&y
joo-y
tide
jazr-va-madd
jazr-eu-madd
^ water
db
ab
waterfall
abshdr, favvdrah
ab-shar, fav-va-ra
wave
moj
moj
Minerals and MetalS. (Maaden va flezzat.)
s- Brass
berenj
berrenj
bronze
mafragh, <-hodan
maf-ra/y/t, cho-dan
cement
dhak, sdruj
a-hak, sa-rooj
clay
lajan, gel
laj-an, gel
coal
zugliale sang
zeu-///<a-li sang
^ concrete
gaj, dhak
gaj, a-hak
. copper
mes
mess
diamond
almds
al-mass
/ glass
shlshaJi
shee-sha
sold
zar, teld
zarr, te-la
granite
sange sumdq
sang-i seu-maq
,- iron
dhan
a-han
— , cast
dliane db shudah
a-ban-iab sheu-da
— , wrought dhane kuftah,muzdb
a-han-i koof-ta, meuzab
lead SM7-6
seurrb
lime
gaj, dhak
gaj, a-hak
marble
marmar \ marr-marr
mercury
jivah
jee-va
pearl
murvdrld
meurr-va-reed
s silver
slm, nuqrah
seem, neuq-ra
slate
sange lohdh
sang-i lo-ha
- steel
fuldd, puldd
foo-lad, poo-lad
} stone
san;/
sang
tin
arzlz
arr-zeez
zinc
rily
roo-y
15
Animals, Birds and Pishes.
(Hayvdndt, inurqhdn va mdlwyan.)
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Animals
haivdndt
hay-va-nat
bear
khcrs
Ar/ierrss
bull
gdi'e-nar
gavi-narr
calf
gtixdlah
goo-sa-la
- cat
gttrbah
geurr-ba
cattle
chehdr-pd, dardbb
che-harr-pa, da-vabb
^ cow
mddah-gdv
ma-da-gav
' dog
tag
sag
i donkey
khar, nldgh
/r/tarr, eu-la^^
elephant
fit, pU
feel, peel
fox
rubdh
roo-bah
o;oat
buz
beuz
/ horse
asb
asb
lamb
barrah
barra
lion
slrir
sheer
monkey
maimun
may-moon
/ mouse
mush moosh
mule
astar, qdter
as-tarr, qa-terr
ox
gav
gav
Pig
khuk
/c/took
rat
mush, mushe-buzurg
moosh, moo-shi-beu-
seal
sag-mdhl
sag-ma-hee [zeurg
sheep, a
gusefand
goo-sef-and
tiger
babr
babr
turtle
Idk-pusJtt
lak-peusht
whale
nahang
na-hang
barking
vat/h-vagh
V&gJi-v&gk
birds
murghdn
meum/Aanv
blackbird
sdr
sar
eagle
nasr, uqdb
nasr, eu-qab
lark
chakdvuk
chak-a-veuk
owl
bum, jug hd
boom, jeu^/td
parrot
tutl
too -tee
sparrow
gunjushg
geun-jeushg
swallow
parastak, chelchelah
parras-tak, chel-chela
swan
r/hu, qdz
ghoo, qaz
fishes
mdJtei/dn
ma-heyan
cod
mdhei/e qod
ma-hey-i qod
16
English. " Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
crab
Icharchang
/t/tarr-chang
eel
mdr-ni d/ii
marr-ma-hee
herring
slkdh-indfei
shah-ma-hee
lobster
hharcliang
/c/tarr-chang
oyster
(jushe-iiid/il
goosh-i-ma-hee
salmon
azad-mdhi
a-zad-ma-hed
sea-fish
niaheye-danja
lua-hey-i-darr-yti
trout
maheye-qezd-ala
ma-hey-i-qezel-a-la
turbot
jaria
ja-reess
game
sliekdr
shek-ar
grouse
seyah-alna
se^'-ah-see-na
/• hare, rabbit
khargush
/r/tarr-goosh
partridge
kabk .
kabk
pheasant
tiirany, tazarv
too- rang, ta-zarrv
snipe
nuh-deraz
neuk-de-raz
herd
yallah, ramah
gal-lab, ra-mah
hoof
sum,
seum
poultry
tui/ ft r
teu-yoor
^ chicken
juja/i
joo-ja
cock
k/uinlx
Meu-rooss
duck
murghdbl
meurr-///ta-bee
goose
qdz
qaz
„. hen
murgh
meur,//t
^ turkey
pil-iiniryh, buqala-
peel-meurrpr/t, boo-qala-
nnln
moon
Il\SCCtS and ReptileSs (Janavar va kerm.)
Ant
uiur
moor
bee
zanbur
zanboor
beetle
khazuk
Wtazook
butterfly
shah jtarak
ahahparak
caterpillar
*a.ttf>a
sad pa
tiea
kail;
kayk
, %
malms
makass
frog
ghfik
(7/took
gnat
pashxhuh
pash-sha
grasshopper
m a la k /i
mal-aA:/i
insect
paranda/i, janavar
parranda, ja-navarr
lizard
silsemdr
soo-sem-ar
x mosquito
pasJishah
pash-sha
silkworm
kerme-pllalt
kerrm-i-peela
17
Englisn. Persian (rornanized). Pronunciation.
snail
snake
halziin
mar
halzoon
mar
spider
toad
wasp
worm
ankabut, kartanah
ghuh, qurbdqali
zaribtir
kerm
ankaboot, karr-tan-a
ghook, qeur-baqa
zan-boor
kerrm
Flowers, Fruits, Trees and Vegetables.
(Gul, mlvaJi, deraklit va sabzi-alat.)
(For Shopping, see page 80.)
Flowers
gulhd
geulha
lily
susan, zanbaq
soo-san, zanbaq
rose
gul, gule surkh
geul, geul-i seur/cA
tulip
Idlah
la-la
violet
banafshah
ban-af-sha
fruits
mlvah jat
mee-va jat
apple
sib
seeb
apricot
zard-dlu, qaisl zarrd-aloo, qay-see
cherry
gilds
gee -las
currants
zereshk
zerreshk
/ fig
anjir an jeer
grapes
angur
angoor
x lemon
llmu
leemoo
lime
derakhte-llmu
derraM-ti-leenioo
melon
kharbezah
A7tarr-bez-a
nut
funduq
feundeuq
orange
turunj
teu-reunj
peach
shaftdlul hulu
shaftaloo, heuloo
pear
giddbi
geulabee
pineapple
dndnds
a-na-nas
plum
dlii, dluchah
aloo, aloo-cha
strawberry
tute-ferangl
tooti-ferran-gee
walnut
jgerdu
gerrdoo
trees
derakhtdn
derraMtan
ash
zabdn-gunjitsluj
zab-an-geun-jeushg
beech
alash
al-ash
birch
ghusha
t/Aoo-sha
/- leaf
barg
barrg
oak
deraklite-balut
derraM-ti-baloot
palm
derakhte-khurmd
derra/^-ti-Wieurr-nia
pine
deraklite-kdj
derraM-ti-kaj
vine
tdk, niaiv
tak, mayv
Persian S.-T. C '.}
18
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
vegetables
sabzl-dldt
sabzec-alat
asparagus
mdrchiibah.
mar-chooba
beans
lilbeyd, bdqll
loo-beya, baqlee
/ beetroot
chughundur
cheu-/7/teun-deur
cabbage^ halatn
kal-am
carrot havlj
hav-eej
cauliflower kalame rilsl
kalam-i roosee
celery karafs
karrafs
i cucumber l-heydr
/Jtey-ar
f lettuce
k&hu
ka-hoo
onion
peydz
peyaz
peas (green)
mash
mash
potatoes
slbe-zamlnl
seebi-zam-ee-nee
spinach
exfandj
es-fan-aj
/ tomato
bddenjdn -fe > -a nyl
badenjan-ferran-gee
turnip
shalyham
shal-^rAam
Colours. (Eang-Ud.)
(For Shopping, see page S3.'
<• Black
seydh, mushgl
seyah, meush-gee
/ blue
dbl
abee
^ brown t&mrang flA*^**
rieem-rang
crimson *nrkh, Idkl
seur/c/t, la-kee
dark (deep) tlrah, tund, sir
teerah, teund, seer
*• green sabz
sabz
grey khdkestarl
/cAa-kes-tarree
light (pale) roshan
ro-shan
pink gull
geulee
purple
arghavanl
arr-#Aav-anee
x red
qermez, surkh
qerr-mez, seurAVi
scarlet
sur kit,
seur/tA
violet
banafsh
ban-afsh »
t white
sefid
sef-eed
/ yellow
zard
zarrd
Times and Seasons. (Ogat va mosemM.)
(For Conversations see p, 81.)
Time
raqt, hang dm
vaqt, han-gam
/ day
ruz
rooz
fortnight
du-haftah, nimmdh
deu-haf-ta, neem-mah
, hour
sdat
sa-at
4 minute
daqiqah
da-qee-qa
! month
mdh
mah
19
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
quarter (8 mths.)
seh-mdliah
sem-il-ha
second
dam, sdneyah
dam, sa-neya
/ week
haft ah
haf-ta
, year
sal
sal
day-time
vaqte-ruz
vaqti-rooz
afternoon
asr
asr
dawn
tnlue dfetdb, subh
teuloo-i afetab, seubh
evening
vaqte-ghiinlb, masd,
vaqti-f//teu-roob, rnasa,
mid-day, noon
zultr [sham
zeuhr [sham
•» midnight
Mxfe-shab
nessfi-shab
/ morning
Kiibit, bdmuddd
seubh, bameudad
• / night
skab
shab
sunrise
tuliie-dfetdb
•teuloo-i-afetab
sunset
flliurilbe-dfetdb
^Aeuroobi-afetab
holidays
ta'tUhd \ ta'teel-ha
Christmas
molude-hazrute ud
moloodi-hazrat-i eesa
Easter
Id
eed
Good Friday
jiiutahe-aziz
jeumah-i-azeez
days of the week
riizhdi/t' haftah
rooz-ha-yi hafta
Sunday
yekthanbah
yek-shanba
Monday
dushanbah
deu-shanba
Tuesday
sehshanbah
seshanba
Wednesday
cheJidrshanbah
che-har-shanba
Thursday
panjshanbAh
panj-shanba
Friday
jumah, ddlnah
jeuma, adeena
Saturday
skanbah
shanba
months, the
vidhhd
mah -ha
January
jdnreyeh
cfui-vey-eh
February
fevreyeh
fev-rey-eh
March
ntdrs
marss
April
dri'll
avreel
May
meh
meh
June
juan
seu-an
July
jueyyeh
seu-ey-yeh
August
d/jhitst
a-^/(eust
September
teptambr
septambr'
October
oktobr
oktobr'
November
nuvdnibr
neuvanibr'
December
desambr
dessjinibr'
seasons, the four
cJiehdr-fasl
che-luir-fassl
spring
belidr
be-har
.- .
c*
20
English.
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
summer
tdbestdn
tabestan
autumn
pdlz
pa-eez
winter
zemastdn
zemas-tan
to-day
emrilz
emrooz
to-morrow
fardd
farrda
— morning
fardd-sub/i farrda-seubh
to-night
emshab
em-shab
twilight
shafaq
shaf-aq
yearly
sdleydnah
sa-leya-na
yesterdf.7
dlruz
deerooz
The Persian Months.
Tbf Persian months are lunar, and therefore do not correspond with
those of European nations. The names of the months are : —
Unabbreviated .
muharram-ul-haram
safar-vl-muzaffar
rabi-V'8-sam
jainddey-al-a,Tval
jam adey-fix-xain
rajab-ul-marujjab
sha' ban-ul-nmazzam
ramazan-ul-mubara k
shavvdl-ul-miikarram
zel-qa'dat-ul-haram
eel-hajjat-ul-h/iraiii
Colloquial (phonetic).
mill i fir -ram
saf-arr
rab-ee-eul-av-val
rab-ce-eus-sa-nce
jam-a dey-al-av-val
jam-d dey-as-sd-nee
ra-jab
slia'ban
ramazan
shav-vdl
zel-qa'da
zel-hajja
The first day of Muharrani-ul-harani is the beginning of the year
Hejree (A.H. — Anno Hegira), i.e., the Muhammadan era.
Town
Bridge
building (edifice)
bush
corn
country
ditch
farm
fence
field
footpath
forest
grass
hap
ai\d Country. (Shahr va mulk.)
pul
amdrat
demhhte-kiichek, bu-
ijanditui \tali
main I all at
kliandaq, yod
kexhtzar, mazraah
sadd, hasdr, dlvdrah
sahrd, Jceshtzdr
peyddah-ro, rdke-
jangal [peyddah
geijdh, alaf, sabzah
alafe-hhuslig
peul
amarat
derraM-ti-koo-chek.
gan-deum [boo-ta
mam-lak-at
Man-daq, god
kesht-zar, rnaz-ra-ah
sadd, ha-sar, dee-va-ra
sah-ra, kesht-zar
pey-a-da-ro, rah-i-pey-
j an -gal [a-da
gey-ah, al-af, sab-za
al-af-i-/f/teushg
21
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
hut
kulbak
keul-ba
inn
uianzelgdh, kdrvdn-
man-zel-gah, kar-van-
lane
ktichah [sard
koo-cha [sa-ra
market
bazar
ba-zar
meadow
cka man
cham-an
mile
mil
meel
mill-wheel
charkhe-dseyd
charr-A/ii-a-sey-a
monument
neslidnak, yddegdr
nesha-na, ya-de-gar
palace
darbdr, qasr
darr-bar, qasr
police-station
eddrahe-naznieyya/i
ed-a-rah-i naz-mey-ya
prison
zenddn
zendai^
river
rud t^JifrT^j&fi
rood
road
rdli, kuckah
rah, koe-cha
school
dabustdn, maktab
da-beus-»an, mak-tab
shepherd
chupdn, skabdu
choo-pan. sha-ban
shop
dukkdn
deuk-kam
street
kuckah
koo-cha
town
sha/ir
shahr
valley
darrak
darra
village
dek
deh
well, &
ajjj.anbdr zJrieJb
ab-an-bar
wood, a
jamjal
j an -gal
Mankind ; Relations. (Banee-adam ; khecsn.)
Aunt (paternal)
ammak
ani-ma
aunt (maternal)
kkdlak
/,7ta-la
boy
pesar
pessarr
brother
harddar
barna-darr
— , wife's
barddar-zan
barra-darr-zan
child [aunt)
baC'kcliah, kudak
bach-cha, koo-dak
cousin (son of pat.
pesar-atninak
pessarr-amma
— (daughterof do.)
dukktar-amniak
deuM-tarr-amma
— (sonofmat.aunt)
pesar-kkdlak
pessarr-Ma-la
— (daughter of do.)
dukktar-kkdlct k
deu/cA-tarr-^Aa-la
daughter
dukktar
deuM-tarr
ilaughter-iu-law
arils
arrooss
family
zan-va-backchah ,
zan-eu-bach-cha/ Ma-
father
pedar [khdneddn] ped-arr [ned-an
father-in-law
pedar-zan i pedarr-zan
girl
duklitar, dttstctzirh deuM-tarr, doo-shee-za
grand-daughter
navvddak nav-va-da
22
English. Persian (roinaiiized). Pronunciation.
grandfather
bdbd, jadd-
bfi-ba, jadd
grandmother
jaddak
jad-da
grandson
navvddak
nav-va-da
husband
shohar
sho-harr
— , sister's
kkdfiar-shoJifir
/t/ta-harr-sho-hari'
/ man
mard
marrd
marriage
arusl
arroo-see
f mother
mddar
nia-darr
mother-in-law
mddar-zan
ma-darr-zan
nephew J
bardda r- zddah,
ba-ra-darr-za-da,
niece v
khdhar-zddah
/c/ia-harr-za-da
parents
pedar-va-mddar, ab-
ped-arr-eu-ma-darr, ab-
relations
k/nsh, aqvdm \_avain\ khe&sh, aq-vam [avaya
sister (elder)
khdhare buzurg
/.•Aa-harri beu-zeurg
- (younger)
khdhare kuchek
/t'Aa-harri koo-chek
— , husband's
shohar-khdhar
sho-harr-/cAa-harr
— , wife's
khdhar-zan
/cAa-harr-zan
son
pcsar, farzand
pessarr, i'arr-zand
son-in-law
ddindd
damad
uncle (pat.)
amii, oder
amoo, o-derr
- (mat.)
ddl, khdlu
da-ee, /c/ia-loo
widow
blvah \ bee-va
widower
zan-murdah, blvah
zan-meurr-da, bee-va.
- wife
zan, aifdl
zan, a-yal
woman
zan zan
The Human Body. (Veujood-i-ensanee.)
(For Sentences on "Health" see p. 80.)
Ankle
gliuzak
#/joo-zak
, arm
bdzn
ba-zoo
/ back
jmsht, kamar
peusht, kamarr
^ beard
nsh
reesh
body
tan, badan, vujiid
tan, badan, veu-jood
bone
ustuhhdn
eus-teu-/fMn
bowel
rudah
roo-da
brain
maghz, dama;///
ma/7/iz, dama^/t
breast, chest
slnah
see-na
chin
chdnah
cha-na
- ear
gush
goosh
elbow
drenj
a-renj
' eye
chashm, dldah
chashm, dee-da
face
ru, chehrah
roo, cheh-ra
23
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation
finger
angmht
an-geusht
foot
pa
pa
hail-
iijttfrj yizTi /I'l/t^-'
zeulf, gee-soo
hand
dast
dast
head
tar
sarr
heart
del
del
kute
zdnu
za-noo
leg
leng
leng
limbs a'zd
a'za
lip • lab
lab
liver jegar
jeg-arr
lungs «<t/«/s/t
sheush
moustache sebil
se-beel
mouth dalidn
da -ban
neck ijardan
garr-dan
nose
hiMi, daiiidgJt
bee-nee, dam -sty /i
shoulder
shdnali
sha-na
side
paldu
pah-loo
skin
pust
poost
stomach
shekam
shek-am
throat
galu
gal- oo
thumb
shast
shast
toe
anguslit<;-pd
an-geusb-ti-pa
tongue
zabdn zab-an
tooth
danddn
dan-dan
wrist
bande-dast
ban-di-dast
Health. (Tan-dcureustee, Sahhat.)
(For Conversations, see p. 80.)
Ambulance
khastali-khdnahe- fr/tasta-/rAa-nah-i-saf-
safarl arree
bandage
dastmdle-marham dast-ma-li-marr-bam
bite
gazidat/i, gazesh gaz-ee-dag-ee, gaz-esh
blind
kiir koor
kuftagl, khastat/l koof-tag-ee, Mas-tag-ee
burn
sukhtaijl sooA.7i-tag-ee
chemist
attdrl, davd-lrfidnah at-ta-ree, da-va-Ma-na
chill, cold
sarmd, c/idj/sh \ sarr-rna, cha-ish
corns
plnah, ndxiir pee-na, na-soor
cough
surfah
seur-fa
cure, to
sltafd-ydftan shaf-a-yaf-tan
dentist
danddn-sdz dan-dan-saz
24
English. Persian (romauiised). Pronunciation.
diarrhoea
eshdl ess-hal
x disease, illness
ndhhushl \ na-/;/teu-shee
doctor
hakim
hak-eem
doctor's fee
haqqulqadame hak-
haq-qeul-qad-am-i hak-
faint, to
ghash-kardan \lm
r//iash-karr-dan [eem
/ fever
tab
tab
fracture
shehastagl
shek-as-tag-ee
gout
neqrcs
neq-ress
headache
dardc sar
darr-di sarr
hospital
mariz-hh&nah
mareez-/^a-na
ill, sick
nakhush, biindr
na-/.-/<eush, bee-mar
• indigestion
sue-hazm
soo-i-hazm
inflammation
eltehdb
el-te-hab
^ medicine
detvM^Hi, davd
darr-man, dav-a
ointment
mttrham
rnarr-ham
pain
dard
darrd
pill
hah
hab
poison
zahr
zahr
poultice
zamdd
zam-ad
prescription
nushhah
neus-/c/ta
scald
suhhtagi
soo/c/i-tag-ee
sea-sickness
ndkhushye-daryd
na-A-/teushy-i-darr-ya
sore throat
darde-galu darr-di-gal-oo
sprain
plchesh, dard
pee-chesh, darrd
tonic
ma'jun
ma'joon
wound
zakhm
za/r/tm
Food, Drink and Smoking.
(KJieurdan, noosheedan va deiiklidn.)
(See also Vocabularies, pp. 15 to 18, and Conversations, p. 7S.)
* Bottle
sliisltfrh, butrl
sheesha, beutree
*- bread ; — , brown
ndn ; ndne-jo
nan ; nani-jo
^ breakfast
chdic subh
cha-ee-i seubh
x butter
karah
karra
cake
Icumdj
keumaj
cheese
panlr
paneer
cream
sarshlr
sai-i'-sheer
/ dinner
sham
sham
drink
nusli'idan
noo-shee-dan
•^ beer^
dbe-jo^
abi-io
chocolate
sliokolat . shokolat
25
English. 1'ersiau (romanizcd). Pronunciation.
x coffee
qahvah
qahva
lemonade
limondd
leemonad
/ milk
shir sheer
soda-water
dbe nia'dan, abc abi nia'dan, abiqal-yii-
/ tea
dial [qalyabi cha-ee [hoe
/ water
db
ab
wine
sliardb
sharrab
/ egg
tukhme-murgh
teu/>/(-mi-meurr///t
/ flour
ard
urrd
, jam
murabbd
meurab-ba
« meat
gftsht
goosht
beef
gilshte-gdv
goosh-ti-gav
beefsteak
kabdbe-t/dv
kaba-bi-gav
fat
shah m, roghan j shahm, ro-///mn
lamb
gfishte-barrali goosh-ti-barra
lean
gushte-bt-roc/han, goosh-ti-bee-ror///an,
mdhichah ma-hee-cha
mutton
gttshte-gwefand ', goosh-ti-goosef-and
pork, bacon, ham
(liixhte-Jthilk goosh-ti-/c/iook
sausage
inaveyah mav-eya
veal
gushte-iinsalali
gooshti-goosala
mustard
kliardal
/.•/((iiT-dal
oil
rotfhanc-zaitun
ro-^f/fan-i-zaytoon
onion
peydz
peyaz
pepper
felfel
felfel
pudding
shlrlnl, J t al-v a
shee-reenee, hal-va
/ rice
berenj
berrenj
rice pudding
shlr-berenj
sheer-berrenj
salad
sdldt
salat
salt
namak
namak
smoking
dukhdn
deu-Man
cigar
slgdre-barg
seegari-barrg
cigarette
slgar
seegar
matches
kebrlt
keb-reet
pipe
ehubuq
cheu-beuq
tobacco
tanbaku, tittun
tanbakoo, teuteun
soup
ash, abe-yusht
ash, abi-goosht
sugar
shakar, qand shak-arr, qand
supper
sham
sham
vegetable
sabzl-alat
sabzee-alat
vinegar
serkah
serr-ka
2G
Cooking and Eating Utensils.
English.
(Zeuroof-i-tabkh va team.
(For Shopping, see p. S'i.)
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
Basin
k&zah
kasa
coffee-pot
qahvah-jusli
qahva-joosh
corkscrew
sJuxhah-gusltd
shee-sha-geusha
cruet-stand
namakddn
namak-dan
/ cup
J'cnjdn , estekdn
fen-jan, estek-an
decanter
tunic
teunk
dish
dori
doree
/ fork
changdl
chan-gal
frying-pan
tdvah
tava
glass, tumbler
f/llds, jdnit qadah
gee-lass, jfim, qada
kettle
ketri
ket-ree
knife
hard, clidqu
karrd, cha-qoo
oven
kurah, ujdq
koo-ra, eu-jaq
, plate
bushqdb
beush-qab
saucepan, pot
dili
deek
saucer
na'lbaki
na'1-bakee
serviette
pish-gir
peesh-geer
spoon
qadniq
qa-sheuq
— , table-
qdshuqe-buzurg
qa-sheuqi-beu-zeuvg
— , tea-
qdshuqe-chdl
qa-sheuqi-cha-ee
, table-cloth
ruye-mlz
roo-yi-meez
teapot
chdlildn, qurl
cha-ee-dan, qoo-rec
tray
slnl
see-nee
/ wine-glass
f/lldse-shardb \ geelasi-sharrab
DreSS and Dressing. (Eal;ht va rakht-pooshee.)
(See also Washing List, following, and Shopping, p. Sti.)
Bath
liammdin
ham -mam
boots, shoes
kafsh
kafsh
braces
shalvdr-baml
shal-var-band
brush
indhilt-pdli'kun
ma-hoot^pak-keun
buckle
saijak
sa.gak
button
(lukma/i
deuk-ma
cap
kuldh
keulah
cloak
abd, kherqcth
aba, Merrqa
coat
kulajah, sanldri,
keu-laja, sarr-da-ree,
comb
shdnah \_jdket
shfiP0 [ja-ket
English.
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
dress materials qumdsh qeumash
x cloth pdrcbah, qunidah parcha, qeumash
cotton
chelvdrl, chit chel-varee, cheet
flannel, -ette
fan ally ah fan-a-lee-ya
lace
ghaitdn, bdjtali [tan /-//taytan, bafta
linen
zlrjdmah, rakht, ka- zeerjama, ra/r/<t, kat-an
muslin
malmal, tanzib
malmal, tanzeeb
silk
abrishum, atlas
abreesheum, atlas
velvet • makhmal
maAVi-mal
/ wool pashm _^j
pashm
, dress (lady's)
r-akktz-zaniinah
ra/c/t-ti-zanana
dressing-gown
tandiiq- (or rakht-)
sandooq-/.-/*ana, ra/,7«t-
khdnah
Mana
/ evening dress
lebdse-shab
leb-a-si-shab
gaiter
pdtdbah
pataba
garters
bande-jurdb
ban-di-joo-rab
gloves
dastkash
dast-kash
hairpin
giaband
geess-band
hat
kuldJi, shdbqaJt
keu-lah, shab-qa
jewellery
javdher, -dldt
jav-a-herr, -alat*
bracelet
daxt-band
dast-band
brooch
gul, yule-slnaJi
geul, geuli-seena
ring
angusktar > au-geush-tarr
neck-tie
gar dan-band
garr-dan-band
needle
suzan
soozan
overcoat
sard an, abd
sarr-daree, a-ba
parasol
dftdb-garddn
aftab-garr-dan
pins
sanjdq
saujaq
pocket
jib
jeeb
purse
Itif : keef
rain-coat (waterpr.)
mushamma', bdrdnl meu-sham-ma', baranee
razor
tigh teegh
sandals
pdpush, sarpdl pa-poosh, sarr-paee
scissors
meqrdz, qaicln meq-raz, qay-chee
sewing cotton
nafch, khaydtah nakh, 7.7ia-yata
skirt
daman daman
/ soap
sdbun
saboon
spectacles
ainak
aynak
tape
bdftah baf-ta
thimble
angushtdnah angeush-tana
., tooth-brush
danddn-shur dan-dan-shoor
28
English. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
towel
trousers
umbrella
watch
hvll vfv-tf-tw^CcA
shalvdr
chair
sdat
ho-lee
shal-var
chatr
sa-at
Washing List. (Fehrest-i-ralikt.)
Aprons, pinafores pishglr, hoh peesh-geer, ho-lee
bath- (dressing-) ; rakhte-hammdm
raM-ti-ham-mam
, blankets [gowns patu
patoo
bodices
smah-band
seenah-band
caps
kuldh
keulah
chemises
plrdhan , qamls
peera-han, qam-eess
collars, lace
yaqahe-zandnah
ya-qa-i-zanana
— , linen
yaqahe-ferangl
ya-qa-i-ferran-gee
coverlets
lehdf le-haf
cuffs
dstln, xare-dstln asteen, sarri-asteen
drawers, pairs of
Kir jam ah, shalvdr zeer-jtlma, shal-var
dresses, gowns
festdn
festan
flanne!4 waistcoats
jerlqah, f anally ah
jerreeqa, fana-leeya
neckties
garden-band
garr-dan-band
night-shirts.-clresses
rakhte-shab
raM-ti-shab
petticoats
festdn, zlr jamah
fes-tan, zeer-jama
pillow-cases
rilye-bdlcsh
roo-yi-balesh
^ pocket-handker-
dastmdl
dastmal
serviettes [chiefs plshgir
peesh-geer
sheets sham ad
sham -ad
. shirts. \plrakane~fevMtgl
peera-han-i-ferrangee
pyjamas (suits)
rakhte-shab
ra/f/<-ti-shab
_ socks, pairs of
jilrdb, yekjuft jurdb
joorfib, yek jeuft joorab
stockings, pairs of
jurdbe zandnah
joorabi zanana
table-cloths
riiye nnz
roo-yi meez
towels
holl, dastmdl
ho-lee, dast-mal
under-vests
plrdhan
peera-han
House and Furniture. (Khanah ra meukhallafdi.}
'For Shopping see p. 86.)
/ Arm-chair
sandall, kursl
sanda-lee, keurr-see
basket
sabad, zanbll
sabad, zan-beel
/- bed
rakhte-khdb, baftar
raM-ti-Mab, bastarr
. bedroom
utdqe-khdb
eutaqi-/r/iab
bell
tang
zang
English.
29
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
blind
pardah
parr-da
book-case
ketdb-khdnah
ket-ab-AAana
> box
sanduq
sandooq
, broom
jdriib
jaroob
candle
shaMe*
sham-e'
candlestick
shame' dan
sham-e'dan
carpet
J'arsh, qdll
farrsh, qalee
ceiling
saqf
saqf
cellar t^
makhzan
maM-zan
f chair
Randall
sandalee
chest of drawers
sanduqe-raklit
sandooqi-raMt
chimney
bukhdrl, dudkash
beu-Maree, dood-kash
4 clock
sdat, sdate-divdr
sa-at, sa-at-i-deevar
r coal
zughdle sany
zeu-^rAali sang
* counterpane
lehdf
le-haf
cupboard
darganjah
darr-ganja
curtains
pardah
parr-da
cushion
mukhaddah, bdL'sh
meu-Mad-da, balesh
dining-room
sufrah khdnah
seufra Mana
door
dar
darr
drawing-room
tdldr
talar
electric light
fender
cherdghe barq
plshe-bukhdn
cherra^/i-i barrq
peesh-i-ben -/,7«aree
floor
martabah
marr-tabba
garden
bdijh
bagh
gas-light
cherdylie gdz
chera/7/t-i-gaz
grate (fire)
manqal
man-qal
key
kalld
kaleed
kitchen
•matbakh
rnat-baM
lamp
lampd
lampa
larder
darganjah
darr-ganja
library
ketdb-khdnah
ket-ab-Mana
/ lock
quft
qeufl
/ looking-glass
dyenah
a-yen-a
matches
Jcebrit
keb-reet
passage
rdhro, ddldn
rahro, dalan
piano
peydno
peya-no
picture
shakl, surat
shakl, soorat
poker
dtashkash
a-tash-kash
roof
bdm, pushte bdm
bam, peush-ti-bam
room
utdq
eutaq
English.
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
seat
nimtakht
neem-taMt
shovel
khak-andaz
A7/ak-an-djiz
sideboard
dulab,
doo-lab
staircase
ma' jar
ma'-jarr
f stairs
pellah
pel-la
> table
rnlz
meez
table-cloth
ruye-mlz
rooy-i-meez
tiles
sufdl
seu-fal
tongs
anbur
an-beurr
verandah
ghuldm-yardesh,
gfAeulam-garrdesh, ay-
, wall
divdr [aivdn
deevar [van
wardrobe
sandiiq-khdnah
sandooq-Mana
/ window
panjarah
pan-jarra
water-closet (w.c.)
khald, dbrlz J Ma-la, abreez
Professions, Trades, etc. (Sandye', kasb va ghayreli.)
(For Shopping see p. 88 )
Actor
bdzigar
bazeegarr
actress
bdzlf/ar (zan)
bazeegarr (zan)
architect
me' mar : me'-mar
artist
naqqdsh naqqash
baker
ndnvd ' nanva
barber > hairdresser
dalldk dal-lak
bookseller
kctdb furmh ket-ab feu-roosh
butcher
qassdb \ qas-sab
carpenter
najjdr , naj-jar
,. chemist
davdfurush, attar dav-a-feuroosh, at-£ar
confectioner
gannddl qannadee
/ cook
dshpaz ashpaz
dentist
danddn-sdz dandan-saz
doctor
hakim hak-eem
farmer
barzeyar, zdre1
barr-zeg-arr, za-re'
fisherman
say y ad, mdhlglr
say-yad, ma-hee-geer
fishmonger
mdhl fit rush
ma-hee-feuroosh
florist
gulfurush
geul-feuroosh
governess
mudlrah
meudeera
greengrocer
sabzl-furush
sabzee-feuroosh
hatter kaldh-furush
keulah-feuroosh
j eweller ! ja cdher-furush
java-herr-feuroosh
lawyer vakil
vakeel
rnaid-servant kiilfat
keulfat
messenger ' qased
qased
31
English. Persian (romaiiized). Pronunciation.
money-changer
sarrdf
sarraf
nurse (female)
tidy ah
da-ya
optician
ainah-furmh
aynak-feuroosh
photographer
akkds
ak-kas
physician
tabib, hakim
tabeeb, hak-eern
policeman
polls
polees
porter (light)
hammed
hammal
printer
tdbe'
ta-be'
servant
nokar
no-karr
shoemaker
kafshduz
kafsh-dooz
singer
khdnandah
/.•/(fmanda
student
talabah, slidiierd talaba, shagerrd
surgeon
jar rdli jar rah
surveyor
ndzer, sarkar
nazerr, sarrkar
tailor
khaiydt
/f//ay-yat
teacher [keeper
maallem
meu-al-lem
tradesman, shop-
Jcdseb, tdjer
ka-seb, ta-jerr
watchmaker
sdatxdz
sa-at-saz
Travelling by Land. (Safar-i-kiuushkee.)
(For Conversations see p. 71.)
Arrival
raxtd ra-seed
arrive, to
rasulan ra-seedan
bag
klfe-dastl
keef-i-dastee
bill
hesdb
hessab
box, trunk
sandiiq, ydkhddn sandooq, ya/r//daii
bridge
esyalah, pul, kandr
ess-galla, peul, kanar
bridle
dahnah, jelo
dahna, jel-o
cabman
kdlezkahchl ka-leska-chee
carriage
kdleskah, durushi/ah ka-leska, deu-reush-ga
coach
arrddah
arrada
coachman
arrddahchl
arrada-chee
cushion
bdletlt, iiiukhaddali balesh, meu-A7<adda
depart, to
raft an, harakat-kar- raftan, harakat-karrdan
departure
azliuatjiarakat [dan azeemat, harakat
engine
mdshln
ma-sheen
expenses
kltarj, tnasraf
Wtarrj, massraf
fare (charge)
kerdyah
kerra-ya
guard
I'dsebdn
paseb-an
guide
da III, rahbar
daleel, rahbarr
hat-box
qftti/e-ktddh
qoo-ty-i-keulah
82
English. Persian (romaiiized). Pronunciation.
hotel
mehmclnkhdnali, lio-
meh-man-AVmna, hotel
interpreter
tarjuman [tcl
tarr-jeuman
key
kalld
kaleed
landlady
sdhebahe-k/tdnah
sfi-heb-a-i-AViana
landlord
sdheb-klidnak
sa-heb-A:/(ana
lavatory
khald, dbriz
/.Viala, abreez
lock
9*fl
qeufl
luggage
asliyae', asbdb
ash-ya-e', ass-bab
office
hujrah, edarali
heuj-ra, ed-ara
payment
ta'deijah, add
ta'deya, ada
porter
darbdn
darrban
railway
rdhe-dltan
rah-i-a-han
— carriage
utdq, vdflon
eutaq, vagon
— station
gar, estdseyon
gar, estaseyon
receipt
qabz
qabz
reins
jelo, an an
iel-o, anan
strap
bande-hlf bandi-keef
ticket
belli bel-eet
tourist
saiydh say-yah
train (railway)
utdq, rayon
eutaq, vagon
waiter
nokar
no-karr
waiting-room
tttdqe-entezdr
eutaqi-entez-ar
whip
shalldg
shal-laq
Travelling by Sea. (Safar-i-daryd.)
iKor Conversations see p. 73.)
Anchor
lanyar
lan-garr
berth, cabin
utdq
eutaq
- (in a harbour)
Idiii/an/dh
lan-garr-gah
boat (ship)
l;axlttl
kashtee
bow
save kaahtl
sarri-kashtee
captain "
ndkliudd, cdfjltdn
na-Meuda, capeetan
compass
qutb, qeblah-ncmd
qeutb, qebla-nem-a
crew
malldli
mallah
custom-house offi-
giimrukchl
geum-reuk-chee
deck [cer
sathae-kashtl
sat-ha-i-kashtee
flag
bairaq, alam
bayraq, alam
helm, rudder
sukkdn
seuk-kan
landing-stage, pier
esgalah, sdhel
ess-galla, sa-hel
lifebuoy
ru-dbl [nils
roo-abee
lighthouse
cherdgh, fandr, fd-
cherra^/i, fanar, fanooa
English.
mast
oar
pilot
port, harbour
porthole
- for gun
rope
sail
seaman, sailor
sea-sickness
ship
steamboat
steersman
stern
steward
voyage
as
Persian (ronmnized). Pronunciation.
dakal
dakal
pdnl
dalll
paroo
daleel
bandar
ban-darr
panjarah
pemjarahe tub
tandb
pan-jara
panjara-i toob
tanab
bddbdn
bad-ban
malldh
ruallah
ndkhusheye-daryd
kashti, jehdz
kashtye-bukhd r
sukkdnchi
na-Meu-shey-i-darr-ya
kashtee, je-haz
kasht-yi-beu-/cMr
seuk-kan-chee
tahe-kashtl
tah-i-kashtee
mubdsher, qahvahchl
safare-daryd
meubasherr, qahrachee
safarri-darr-ya
Commercial and Trading Terms.
(Estelahat-i-tejaratee va kasb.)
itions see pp. SS to ill .)
Account
liesdii
— , current
hesdbe-jdn
— , joint
h esdbe- m ush ta ra k
— of sale
hesdbe furush
— , to close an
hesdb-mafruyli-
hardan
— , to settle an
hesdb parddkhtan
acknowledgment
qabz, sanad
advance (of money)
naqd
advice, letter of
aklibdr ndniah
agency
vekdlat-khdnah
apprentice
slidgerd
arrangement
qardr
arrears
bdql, tatemmah
assets
amvdl, ddrdl
authorize, to
havdlali-kardan
average
ruye-ham~raftah
balance(remainder)
tatemmah
balance-sheet
surate hesdb
bank
ban It
bankrupt, <a
rar -s/iekaxtaJi
Persian S.-T.
hessab
hessabi-jaree
hessabi-meushtarak
hessabi feuroosh
hessab-mafroo^/t - karr-
dan
hessab parr-da/c/t-tan
qabz, sanad
naqd
aA7(-bar nama
vek-alat-Mana
sha-gerrd
qarar
baqee, tatemma
amval, dara-ee
havala-karrdan
rooy-i-ham-rafta
tatemma
soorat-i hessab
bank
varr-shekasta
English.
Persian (rcmanized).
Pronunciation.
bearer
bill (account)
— of exchange
— of lading
bond, in
bonded goods
book-keeper
brokerage
business
buyer
cargo
carriage (freight)
cartage
catalogue
charter a ship, to
claim
clerk (customs)
commercial travel-
company "ler
complaint
contract, a
cost, insurance and
freight (c.i.f.)
credit balance
creditor
customs duties
damage
damages, to claim
date, at 3 months'
debit and credit
-debtor
deed
deliver, to
delivered free
demurrage
director
discount ; to —
dividend
dock and harbour
dues
haunl
JlMdb
bardt
suratc-anbijdci
mui/di/yad
mdle-ni iiqayt/ad-dar-
r/innntk
daftar-ddr \llyah
ujrate dalldlt, dalld-
Jcar, ddd-va-setad
klmrldar
mdl, ashyde', wati~e{
gdrl
kerayalie-a rrddah
felt rext
kaahti IccrayaJt-kar-
talab [dan
nurzd
tajere-saiydr
sherkat, kumpdnl
da' rd, xhek&yat
kha r]f-];v r,]ija/i - ra
bliiiah
tateniina/ic /tcxdb
talablidr
gumruk, bdj [zeyan
zarar, Ichasdrat,
mutdlebalic zarar
se-mdhah [kardan
qarz-va-talab
qarzddr, ntaqnlz
sanad
tasliw-kardan
bl-kerdyah tasllm
kerdyahe kaxhtl, ar-
raiss, mudir [ziyah
tanzil ; — kardan
hessah, bahrah
kerdyahe anbdr va
csijdlah
ham el
hc-.-^siib
bariit
soorat-i-ash-yae'
meu-qay-yad
m all- meuqay y ad - d a r r-
geumreuk
daftarr-dar [lee-ya
euj-rat-i dallalee, dalla-
kar, dad-eu-set-ad
Mareedar
mal, ash-yae', matae'
garee
keiTa-ya-i-arrada
feh-rest
kashtee kerra-ya-karr-
talab [dan
meerzi
ta-jerri-sayyar
shurr-kat, kompanee
da'va, shek-a-yat
rneuqfi-vel-a
Ar/Hirrj - i - kerra-ya-eu-
beema
tatemma-i hessab
talabkar
geurn-reuk, baj
zararr, /c/iasarat, zeyan
meutaleb-a-i zararr-
sem-a-ha [karrdan
qarrzeu-talab
qarrz-dar, maqrooz
sanad
ta..s s - leem-karrdan
bee-kerra-ya tassleem
kerra-ya-i kashtee, arr-
ra-eess, meudeer [zeeya
tanzeel; tanzeel karrdaiy
hessa, bahra
kerra-ya-i anbar eu
ess-gala
English.
85
Persian (roinanized).
drawer (of bill)
tainasxiik Jaltandah tai
duty, export
ffinnruk
•-kimruj gei
free
b^-;/ KIII rule be<
— , import
/jHiitntl.
a nirfid gei
— , liable to
gnni rnk-ddr
enclosed, enclosure
malffif
in:
endorse, to
emzd-kardan em
endorsement
enr~.Ci, pusltt-qabz em
exchange of money
sarrdr-khdnak sai
factory
hdi'-likdnah ka
firm, the
tfierkat
sh
forwarding
ha ml, ersdl ha
forwarding agent
hand-ra-naqlchl b:;
gross weight
jaiii'e-vazn jar
guaraiueo, a
zanidnat [qabzl za
l.O.U.
tamasank, xauad, tai
imports ; exports
rti rcddt
; sdder&t vft
income
waildkhcl 7 n,
information
Miabar,
ctti'liic' kit
insurance
bimali
j 1)B<
- broker
(Utlldlc
li'niiali da
- company
koiitjiun
!<• bunali ko
— policy
bliiia/t-i
diintlt. be
- premium
tt /rate I
Linnli eu.
— draft
<jab:c' blnia/t qa
— , telegraphic
blind he
trl'irrdfl be
insure (against), to
biiiKt/i-lcardait be
interest
ton: '
tai
lease
cjilni/i
(•;-
leaseholder
vwxta'j
IT me
letter of eivdit
zamdnat-n&Hiah /.a
liabilities
ma* fill yat 11 u
load, to
]mnil-k(irdan ha
loss
tttrar
za
manager
sarkdr,
iitubasher sa
market
bd:ui'
ba
- — , foreign
qainiate-kharejali qa
— , home
qa inut te-dakhelali qa
— day
nerklw-nlz ne
— dues
ejdralic-bdzdr ej-
— prico
iu'rkhe-bd:ar ne
Pronunciation.
tamasseuk da-handa
geum-reuki-.vAeurooj
bee-geiim-renk
geum-reu-ki veurood
geum-reuk-iliir
mal-foof
em-za-karrdan
emztl, peusht-qabz
samlf-AYaina
kar-/,7/ana
sherrkat
hanil, e.T-sal
haml-eu-nacjl-chee
jam'-i-va/.n
zamanaf,
tamasseuk, saiuul. qabz
va-retl -at ; j-fi-den at
r, et-tel-ae*
ilallali beema
kompanee-i beema
beema-nama
euj-rat-i beema
qab-zi l>eema
beema-i tel-gerrafe<*
beema- karrdaii
,nzeel
-ilra
meus-ta'jerr
/.anianiit-nfuna
massoolee-yat
liauil-karrdan
zarrarr
sarrkfir, meu-basherr
ilzar
qaymat-i-A7/a-rej-a
qaymat-i-da-/iAel-a
nerr/,7(-i-rooz
ej-ara-i-i)azar
nerr/.7/-i-bazar
D*
3G
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
negotiable, saleable
indlt!-fnn~i.xii infil-i-feu-roosli
order (for goods)
tahrll-namah tahveel-uania
packing
bar baiidi, bdrlu*l«i'i
bar bandee, bar bastan
partnership
shardkat
sharakat
payable
dddani, add-shuda-
dadanee, ada-shendanee
per cent., 10
sadi-dah jti\ sadee-da
percentage
dar-sad
darr-sad
price
qaimat, nerkh
qaymat, nerr/f/i
— , net
bl-tanzil
bee-tan zeel
— , wholesale
(jaiuiate yckjd
qaymat-i yek-jfi
price-list
fehrcste-qaimat
feh-rest-i-qayiaat
property
mull:, 111 dl, ddrdl
meulk, mal. dara-ee
quotation (of price)
zekre qaiu/at
zekr-i qaymat
ready money
piile-naqd
pooli-naqd
receipt
rasid, (jabzc-i\(x!<l
rasseed, qab-zi-rasseecl
rent
kerdynh
kernT-ya
representative
vakil
vak-eel
retail
khurdah-fnrush
A7teurr-da- feu-roosh
salesman, seller
furushandah
feu-roo-shanda
sell, to
fur&th-kardan
feu-roosh-karrdan
settling day
ruze-va'dali
roozi-va'da
share
Jtesdb, Kahm, (jcsiimt
hessab, sahm, qessmafe
shareholder
sharll:, salnin sharreek, sahcem
ship, to
hamle-kaxktt-kardan haml-i-kashtee-karrdan
shipping charges
her ayah e kasltti j kerra-ya-i kashtee
— house
bdr-kunandali
bar-keu-nanda [derr
solvent
imi'tabar, mwjtader
meu'tab-arr, meuq-ta-
stock
samidyah, naqd \ sarr-ma-ya, naqd
stockbroker
dalldle-bardt
dallali-barat
trade (in general)
d:dd-va-sctad, tejdrai
da-deu-set-ad, tej-arat
underwriter
zdituu
zamen
warehouse
anbdr
an-bar
wharf
bandar
bandarr
wharfage
kliarje-bandar
/i/tarr-ji-bandarr
wholesale
yelijd-furuslti
yek-ja-feu-rooshee
Correspondence. (Meukiiaberah.)
(Tor Conversations see p. S2 )
Address envdn, adra* [dan envan, ad-rass
address, to neceshtan, ferestd-
blotting-paper kd'.tliaze-dbkask
date tdnhk
[dan
uev-esh-tan, ferresta-
ka-<//(az-i-fibkash
taree/f/j
87
English. Persian (romanized). PrannneffttlOn.
envelope
pdkat
pftkat
ink
murakkab
nieu-rak-kab
inkstand
davdt
dav-at
letter, note
kdghaz, ndtiuili
ka-;//<az, nama
letter-box
sanduqe ^z<-s£
sandoo-qi peust
note-paper
hoLfjhaz
ka-///taz
— , sheet of caraq
yarraq
. pen (nib) -ntre-(oi:noke-)qalam
saiTi-(no-ki-)qalam
— , fountain- /]alam-feran</l \ qal-am-ferran-gee
penholder tlastahe-qalam,
das-ta-i-qal-am
pencil
in i'd ad
medcid
penknife
qalaintardsh
qal-am-tarrash
> seal
inuhr
ineuhrr
sealing-wax
lah
lak
signature
emzd, tasdl't
emza, tas-deeq
write, to
neveshtan
nev-esh-tan
writing
nevlsandaijl
nev-ee-san-dag-ee
writing-desk
mlze-ketabat
meezi-ket-abat
Post-office, Telegraph and Telephone.
(Peust-Mianah, telgeraf va telefon.]
(For Conversations see p. S2.)
Book post
puste-amdnat
peust-i-am-anat
destination
mahall
ma-hall
excess postage
ezdfahe pust
ez-a-fa-i peust
letter post
pnst
peust
money order
bardte-pust
barrat-i-peust
newspaper wrapper
laffdfah
laf-fafa
number of order
numrahe bardt
neum-ra-i barat
parcel post
puste-amdnat
peust-i-am-anat
postage stamp
tambre pust
tambr-i peust
post-card
varaqahe puatl
varraqa-i peustee
poste restante
tavassute pustkJid-
tavasseu-ti peust-AV;ana
postman
chdpdr [nah
chapar
post-office
chdpdr khdnalt
chapar ArMna
post-paid
ujmte-pitst-dddah-
euj-rat-i-peust-dada-
s/t uda
sheuda
prepay, to
p'aliakl dddan
peeshak-ee dadan
register, to
se/dreshi-kardan
sefa-reshee-karrdan
registered letter
kayhaze sefareshl
ka-^r/taz-i sefa-resh-ee
registration fee
itji'ate-sefdreslii
eu j -rat-i-sefii-reshee
reply paid
ujrate-ja cdb-dddah-
eu j -rat-i-javab-dada-
[slmdah • [sheuda
38
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
ring up, to
telegram
— , cost of
telegraph form
- messenger
— office
— , to
telephone
— call-office
— number
— to
weight ; over -
x&ng-zadan
telyerdf ndmah
pfde telgei'df
kdgliaze telijerdf
telyerdfchi
telijerdf-hJtd n ah
telgerdf-liardan
telefon
telefon-khdna li.
numrahe telefon
telefon-hanlan
razn ; sangln
Cardinal Numbers.
zang-zad-an
tel-gerraf naina
pooli tel-gerraf
k&gh&z-i tel-gerrfif
tel-gerraf-chee
tel-gerraf-AVtana
tel-gerraf- karrdan
telefon
telefon-Mana
neum-ra-i telefon
telefon- karrdan
vazn ; san-een
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
yek
du
seh
chaJtdr
pan/ .
haft
null,
dak
ydzJalt.
yek
deu
seh
cha-har
panj
shesh ..
haft
hasht
neuh
dah
yaz-dah
(A'dad-i-meutlaq.)
26 bist-va-xlwsh beest-eu-shesh
davazilah davaz-dah
see/-dahv '
chahdrdah cha -har-dah
i o pdnsda/i panz-dah
shdnzdah
he f dah
hijdah
nuzdah
r . blst
r i
blst-va-yek
„ du
,, seh
„ chahdr
„ panj
shanz-dah
hef-dah
heej-dah
noo/-dah
beest
beest-eu-yek
,, deu
,, seh
,, cha-har
,, panj
27
28
29
30 r
31
33
34
35 r
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
50
51
GO
70
80
90
100
101
,, seh
,, chahdr
•o ,, panj
,, K/ll'-xIl
,, haft
,, haxht
,, nnk
elicit el .
, , haft
,, hasht
,, neuh
see
„ yek
,, deu
, , sell
,, cha-har
„ panj
,, shesh
,, haft
,, has! it
,, neuh
che-hel
,, -ca-yek „ -eu-yek
,, -va-dn „ -eu-deu
panjdh pan-jah
-ra-yeJf pan - j ah -en -yek
sJiast
haftdd
hashtdd
navad
sad
sad'va-yek
102 sad-va-du*
110 xad-va-dah
shast
haftad
liashtad
na-vad
sad
sad-eu-yek
When pronunciation is omitted, it will be found given previously.
3(J
Persian (romanized).
Persian (roiuj Prouauciatioo.
Ill aad-va-ydzdah
11 '2 Kod-va-davdzdafi
190 sad-va-nauad
200 dnnst deuvee?:
120 xad-va-bist
300 sm/'/
see-sad
121 sad-va-blst-ra ->,
400 chehdrsad
che-har-sad
122 sad-ra-bist-ra-i-i
130 sad-va-s7
500 pdnsad
600 shc*h-*ad
pansad
shesh-sad
140 sad-va-cheJui
700 haft-sad
haft-sad
150 sad-va -paujdli
160 sad-va-shast
800 ha*Jit-sad
900 nuli-sad
hasht-sad
neuh sad
170 sad-va-haftdd
1,000 /mcar
haz-ar
180 sad-ca-hashtdd
10,000 dah-hazd
r dah-haz -ar
100,000 xad-hazar
500,000 pansad -lui^'tr. kurur
1,000,000 wiejZyaw
1908 A.D., kazar-va-nu/isad-va-
haxht milddi,
corresponding to— mubibcq bd —
1H26 A.H.
ua .-sheshf hejri
siul hazur
pansad-hazfir, keu-roor
melyan
haz-ar-eS^neuh-sad-eu-
hasht meeladee,
meiAiibeq ba—
ha/.-ar-eufice-sad-eu-beest-
eu-sheshi hej-ree
Ordinal Numbers. (.4'rftw-j-ras/^.)
First \yektim, a mil
second duvvitni
yekeum, av-val
deuv-veum
third sei'vimi
sav-veum
fourth chehdruin
che-ha-reum
fifth
sixth
panjinn
nJteshtim
pan-jeum
shesheum
seventh
eighth
ninth
Jtaftnm
hash tutu
nuhum
liaf-teum
hash-teum
neu-heum
tenth
daltum
da-heuin
eleven I/
twelfth
ydzdahum
davdzdahuin
yazda-heum
davaz-da-heum
thirteenth.
Hvtdahum
seez-da-heum
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
chehdrdahum
pdnzdahum
sh&mdahum
che-har-da-heum
panz-da-heuui
shanz-da-heaui
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
hefdahnin
hljdahum
mlzdahitin
hef-da-heum
heej-da-heum
nooz-da-heuin
twentieth
bistnni
beesteuui
40
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
twenty-first
twenty-second
thirtieth
blst-va-yekum
blst-va-duvvum
slum
beest-eu-yek-eum
beest-eu-deuv-veum
see-earn
thirty-first
fortieth
sl-yekum
chehelum
see-yek-eum
che-hel-eum
fiftieth
sixtieth
panjdhum
shastum
panja-heum
shasteum
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
kaftaduni
hashtddiwi
navadum
hafta-deum
hashta-deum
nav-ad -eum
hundredth
sadunt
sad-eum
two hundredth
duvistuiii
deuveesteum
two hundred and
fiftieth [sixtieth
three hundred and
duvist-va-panjahum
nsad-va-shastiini
deu-veest-eu-panja-
hemn
see-sad-eu-shasteum
thousandth
kazdrum
haz-a-reum
Collective and Fractional Numbers.
(A'ddd-i-jame1 va Jcasr.)
ham-ah
harr-dcu
asr
neem-asr
jeuft
deu-bar
deu-jeeu
neem-deu-jeen, yek-dast
hasht yek, seumn
bari-aVval
che-har yek
qeu-rasa--
neem, nesf
yek-bar, yek daf-a
qes-mat, sahm
yek charak, yek reube*
beest
bari-deuv-veuni
tak, va-hed, farrd
seuls, seh-yek
bati-sev-veum
* For cups nnij! glasses.
s All
liamah
both
hardu
century, a
asr
— , half -a
nim-asr
couple, paii-
j'(f*
double, twice
dabdr
dozen
dujln
— , half-a-
nlm-dajw , ych-dast*
ek'hth, one-
O "
hasht yek, snnni
first time
bdre-avcal
fourth, one-
chehdr yek
krross, a
qurasah (Euro.)
> half, a
nlm, nesf
once
yekbar, yek da/ah
part, portion
qesmat, saJnu
quarter, a (j)
yek charak; yek rnbe'
score, a
but
second time
bare duvviim
single
tak, vahed, fan!
third, one
suls, seh-yek
third time
bdre-sevvum
41
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
threefold
seh-ld
seh-lfi
three-quarters
seh-c/idrak, seh-rube1
seh-chiirak, seh-reube'
twice
du-bdr, diL-dafah
deu-bar, deu-dafah
twice as much du-barabar
deu-bara-barr
the whole, all the tamdm, hamah
tarn -am, ham -ah
AdjCCtivCS. (Sefdt.)
iFor Grammar of Adjectives see p. 55.)
Able
tavdna, muqtader
tav-ana, meuq-taderr
afraid
tarsu, tarsndk
tarr-soo, tarrs-nak
lonely
tan/id, vahld
tanha, va-heed
^ another
dlgar, ghair
deegarr, </Aayr
awkward
nd-mundseb
na-meu-naseb
"-•bad
bad
bad -
S beautiful
zibd, qashang
zeeba, qashang
•>* big
buzurg
beu-zeurrg
bitter
talkh
tfilkh
blind
Icur
koorr
broad
pahn, gushdd
pahn, geu-shad
busy
mashghul
mash-£7/tool
certain
muhaqqaq
meu-haq-qaq
cheap
arzdn
arr-zan
clean
pdk, tdmlz
pak, ta-meez
clever
mdher, ustdd
ma-herr, eus-tad
cold
sard
sarrd
common (ordinary)
ddl
Tidee
convenient
rdhat, dsiidah
rfi-hat, asooda
cool
khunuk
Meu-neuk
damp
nam
nam
dangerous
khatarndk
/r/tat-arr-nak
dark
tar, tdrlk, khlrah
tar, taveek, Meera
deaf
kar
karr
dear (expensive)
fjerdn
gerran
deep
god, amlq
god, ameeq [ye«
different
jure-dlgar, mug/idyer
joor-i-deegar, meu-^/m-
difficult, hard
sakht, mushgel
s&khi, meushgel
dirty
cherk
cherrk
distant
dur
doorr
dry
khushk
Meushk
dull (of weather)
tdr, tank
tar, tareek
x- early
zud
zood
•easy
dsdn
a-san
42
English. Persian (romanizetl). Pronunciation.
empty
khdll
/lAalee
even (smooth)
Jtaiuudr, Diiistan
hamvar, rneus-tav-ee
S false
ditnlyh, kezb
deu-roo^/t, kezb
x fast (quick)
fund
teund
fine (small)
zarlf
zareef
M — (beautiful)
qasha/ng
qashang
flat
sdf, miimttah
saf, meu-satta
UK foolish' ^
dyvdnakr-drvaTtfti/i
deeva-na, deeva-nagee
foreign
yharlb, blydnali
//Aareeb, beegana
free
azad
azad
fresh (of eggs, etc.)
tdzah
taza
full
pnr
peurr .
funny
ajlb, yharib
ajeeb, ^Aarreeb
general, customary
ddl, marsilm
adee, inarr-soom
/ glad
shad, maxrftr
chad, mas-roorr
khub
Moob
grand (splendid)
all, buzury
alee, beu-zeurg
hard (solid)
KCikht, seft
saMt, seft
healthy
se/i/ii
seh-hee
heavy
sanyin
san-geen
,- high
Inland
beuland
honest
ditnist-kdr
deu-reust-kfir
"--Ihot _i
ya nn
garrm
* idle
tanbal
tanbal
ignorant
ndddn, jdftel
nadan, ja-hel
important .
wuhemin
meu-hemm
impossible
nd-ntumken
nfi-meum-ken
inconvenient
nd-rdhat, bi-n>asraf
na-ra-hat, bee-masraf
interesting
mufid
meufeed
just (equitable)
mdnand, mesl
manand, mesl
kind
me/irbdn
mehr-ban
lame
lany
laug
"^large, great ""*-•»
baznry
beu-zeurg
late
dlr
deer
left (hand, etc.)
chap
chap
light (in weight)
sabuk
sab-euk
s little, small
khurd, kucJiek
/c/ieurrd, koo-chek
/ long
derdz
derraz
loose
thill
sheul
loud
biitaiid
beu-land
many
hangar
bes-yar
43
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
more
blshtar
beesh-tarr
much
zcydd, besydr
zey-ad, bes-yar
narrow
tang
tang
necessary
Idzeni, darkdr
la-zem, dai'r-kar
, next
dyandah, dlgar
a-yan-dah, deegarr
old (of things)
kulmah
keuh-na
- (of persons)
plr
peer
opposite
ru-be-ru
roo-be-roo
other
dlgar
deegarr
painful
dardndk
darrd-nak
polite
muaddab
meu-ad-dab
/ poor
faqlr, weskln
faqeer, meskeen
pretty
zlbd, khmhgel
zeeba, fe/teush-gel
proper (correct)
sahlh, rant
sa-heeh, rast
pure, unadulterated khale*, tamlz
Ma-less, tameez
queer
gharlb, ajlb
f7/tarreeb, ajeeb
quick
tund
teund
quiet
dsudah, dram
asoo-da, arum
rare
kamydb
kam-yab
raw (uncooked)
khdm, ndf>nkhtah
Mam', napeu/t/i-ta
real a si, haqiql
assl, haqee-qee
rich tavangar, glianl
tavan-garr, ;//ianee
right (proper) durust \ deu-reust
ripe (of fruit) rasldah raseeda
rough ndhamvdr, khashen na-hamvar, Mashen
round <jtrd, mudavvar gerrd, meu-dav-var
rude
bl-adab bee-adab
safe
sdlem. am'in salem, ameen
/ same
hamln, yeksdn hameen, yeksair .
shallow • pdydb, b't-uuui pa-yab, bee-eumq
short (in length) kiltdh kootah
silly ahmaq
ah-maq
simple sddali
sa-da
sleepy khdb-dlud
Mab-alood
* slow kund, yacdxh
keund, yav-ash
„ small kuchek
koochek
, .-ot'fc norm.
narrm
, solid sakht sa/r/it
/
><;LTV ghaumdk, (ihatn>jni <//tammik, ^r/iam-geei
^ sour , turxli teurrsh
- .i-cial wakhstis ma/Wi-soos
41
English. Per ,ian (romauized). Pronunciation.
square
cJte/tdr-i/ushah
che-har-goosha
stiff
kJuishk
A7ieushk
still (tranquil)
drain, rdliat
aram, ra-hat
/ straight
rdst, mnstaqim
rast, meus-taqeem
strange
biydnah
beega-na
x strong
qavi, zurmand
qavee, zoor-mand
stupid
ahmaq, fjlj
ah-maq, geej
>* sweet
xhirin
sheereen
tall
buland-qad
beuland-qad
/ thick (in size)
kulitjt
keu-leuft
tight
tang
tang
troublesome
zahmatddr, pur zah-
zahraat-dar, peurr zah-
/ true
rdst [mat
rast [mat
r. uncomfortable
nd-rdhat
na-rahat
/ unhappy
nd-shdd, mutaassef
na-shad, meuta-assef
unkind
nd-meJirbdn
na-mehr-ban
unwell
bi-damdf/h, ndkhush
bee-dama^f/i., na/c/ieush
- urgent
fori, mitsta'jal
foree, meus-ta'jal
/• useful
mufid
meufeed
useless
bl-fdyedali
beefa-yeda
usual
ddl
adee
vain
khud-pasatid
A7<eud-passand
various
tn ukhtalef, jiir bejur
meuM-talef, joorr be
^ warm
(jar in
garrm [joorr
weak
zalf, Idghar
za-eef, la-r//<arr
well (in health)
ciidq, tan-durust
chaq, tan-deu-reust
whole
/icimah, taindm
hama, tamam
wide
ijushdd
geu^shad
^ worth "(in value)
arzandaJi, Idyeq
arr-zandah, la-yeq
worthless
ndldyeq
na-la-yeq
— wrong
ghalat
<y/tal-at
- young
j avdn
jav-an
Verbs. (Afal.)
(For Grammar of Verbs see p. 59.)
To accept
qabul-kardan
qabool-karrdan
_f „ add
feamm-kardan
zamm-karrdan
„ admit (allow in)
Vpazlruftan
pazee-reut'tan
,, allow (permit)
ezn-dddan
ezn-dadan
„ . answer
javdb-dddan
javab-dadan
„ arrange (in or-
tartlb-dddan
tarrteeb-daxian
__^ „ arrive [der)
rasldan
raseedan
45
.
English. Persian (ronianized). Pronunciation.
— to ask
pwsldan
peur-seedan
x „ assist
kumak-kardan
keumak-karrdan
„ bark
vaghvagli - kardan
v&gh-v&yh - karrdan
_ ,, bath
hammdm-raftan
hammam-raftan
,, beat
zadan
zadan
^ „ become
shudan
sheudan
_ ,, begin, tr. d~ intr.
dyhdz-, bend-, or
a-gh&z-, bena-, ebteda-
aJLA^v K «*.«***•-
ebted d-kardan
karrdan
„ believe
bdvar-hardan
bavarr-karrdan
,, bend
pichidan
peecheedan
„ bite
gazldan
gazcedan
„,, boil (water)
juslidndan
jooshandan
,, boil, intr.
jiish Idan
jooslieedan
„ borrow
qarz-kardan
qarrz- karrdan
— „ break, tr.d-intr.
sliekastan
sliekastan
— „ bring
dviirdan
aveurrdan
— „ build
enshd-kardan, sdkh-
ensha-karrdan, sa/c^-tan
^ „ buy
kliaridan [tan
/c/iareedan
., call (waken)
blddi -kardan
beedar-karrdan
^ •, carry
burdan
beurrdan
„ change, tr.
avaz-kardan
avaz-karrdan
— , intr.
avaz-shudan
avaz- sheudan
,, choose
entekhdb-kardan
ente-Mab-karrdan
„ climb
bdld-raftan
bala-raftan
/ ,, collect, tr.
jarn'-kardan
jam'-karr-dan
— , intr.
jam'-shudan
jam'-sheudan
_ „ come
dmadan
amadan
,, come in
tu dmadan
too amadan
„ consent
rdzl-shudan
razee-sheudan
„ cough
surfah-kardan
seurrfa-karrdan
_,, count
shumurdan
sheumeurrdan
„ cry, weep
geryah-kardan
gerr-ya- karrdan
,- ,» cut
buridan
beureedan
'„ dance
raqsidan
raqseedan
,, decide
qardr-dddan
qarar-dadan
__ „ die
murdan
meurrdan
„ dislike
napasandldan
na-pasandeedan
„ dismiss
daf -kardan
dat' -karrdan
„ do, make
kardan ^' • '•*•'•' :-i
karrdan
„ doubt
ihubhah-karda*
sheub-ha-karrdan
,, dream
khabdldan ) /.-/m-b-deedan
46
English. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
io drink nushldan noo-sheedan
^ „ dry, tr.
khushk-kardan /c//eushk-karrdan
-. „ eat
khurdan Meurr-dan
,, engage ajir-kardan
ajeerr-karrdan
„ explain ; baydn-kardan
ba-yan-karrdan
,, faint yhash-kardan ^//tash-karrdan
— „ fall ' n f tad an '• euftadan
„ ieel
hess-kardan hess-karrdan
- „ fill
pur-kardan [tan peurr-karrdan
. ,, find
paidd-kardan, ydf-
payda-karrdan, yaftan
„ finish
tamdm-kardan
tamam-karrdan
'' „ fish
md!:l-(/ereftan
ma-hee-gerreftan
^,.,, fly
parldan
pareedan
„ follow
dunbdl-kardan
deunbal-karrdan
^ .„ forget
furdniush-kardan ' faraaioosh-karrdan
"7 » forgive
bak/ishldan ba/i/t-sheedan
» gain
ta/ifill-kardan tahseel-karrdan
,, gather (pick)
chldan cheedan
,. get (obtain)
gereftan 4
gerreftan
s_,, get up ; barkhdstan
barr-A-Aastan .
— (from bed) blddr-shudan
beedar-sheudan
^ „ give dddan
dadan
^ ,, go raftan
raftan
.„ go away (travel) : safar-kardan
safarr-karrdan
„ guide rahbari-kardan
rah -baree-karrdan
„ hang, tr.
arlhhtan
avee/i7t-tan
s- „ have
ddshtan
dashtan
^ ., hear
shanldan
shaneedan
^ „ help
riunJ&d'kardan
madad-karrdan
., liire (a servant) ajir-kardan
ajeerr-karrdan
., liit ; tfann-kardan
garrm-karrdan
,,, hold (contain) . slidmel-budan
shamel-boodan
^ „ be hungry * ; yurusnak'budan[dan
geu-reusna-boodan
„ hurt one's self \hudrd-i-anjah-kar-
/Vteudra-ranja-karrdaa
„ interfere i mtuldklielah-kardan
meuda-A;/iela-karrdan
_ .„ interpret
tar/uitiah-kardan
tarr-jeuma-karrdan
, „ invite
da'vat-kardan
da'vat-karrdan
„ join, tr.
malhaq-kardan
meul-haq-karrdan
_, „ keep (things)
ncydk-ddshtan
negah-dashtan
^ ,, kill
kiifthtan
kenshtan
„ knock ' kul'ldan koobeedan
47
English. Persian (roniauizcd). Pronunciation.
to know
dSnestan
danestan
,, label
neskdn-kardan
neshan-karrdan
„ last
davam-kardan
davam-karrdan
„ laugh
khandulan
ArAandeedan
„ lead
rd/tnemdi-kardan
rah-nem-aee-karrdan
-„ learn
ydd-fjercftan
yad-gerreftan
„ lend
qarz-dddan [dan
qaiTZ-dadan [bcedan
„ lie down
deraz-shudan,khdbl-
derraz-sheudan, kh-d,-
„ lift
bulanil-kardan
beuland-karrdan
„ light (a fire)
roshan-kardan
roshan-karrdan
„ like
paxandldan
pasandeedan
„ live (reside)
eqdmat-kardan
eq amat-karrdan
„ lock
qufl-kardan
qeufl-karrdan
„ look at
negdh-kardan
negilU-karrdan
„ look for
ntimtazer-bUdan
meun-tazerr-boo'lan
,, lose
ijuin-kardan
geum-karrdan
,, love
dfixt-ddshtan
doost-dashtan
,, make
s&kJttan
saAVttan
„ make a mistake
sahv-kardan
sahv-karrdau
,, manage
eddrah-kardan
ed&ra-karrdan
„ mend
ta'inir-lcai'dan
ta'meerr-karrdan
,, mix, tr.
dmlkhtan
Jimee/tVi-tan
,, move, tr.
junbdndan
jeun-bandan
— , intr.
junbldaii
jeun-beedan
„ object
e-e'terd':-kardan
e-e'-teraz-karrdan
,, oiler
taqdim-kardan
taq-deem-kavrdan
„ omit
li <tzf- ka nlan hazf-karrdan
„ open, tr.
bdz-kardan baz-karrdan
— , intr.
bdz-xlmdan bAz-sheudan
,, order (at shop)
sef&resh-dddan
sefaresh-dadan
— (command)
fartnndan
farrmoodan
,, pack
bast an
bastan
» pay
pardaJchtan
parrda/i-A-tan
,, perspire
araq-kardan
araq-karrdan
„ pick up
barddslitan
bari'dashtan
— (learn)
dmfikhtan
amoo/^A-tan
» play
bdzl-kardan
bazee-karrdan
„ pour
rlkhtan
reeWt-tan
,, prepare
hdzer-kardan
hazerr-karrdan
„ prevent
mdne'-shudan
mane'-sheudan
,, promise
va'dah-dddan
va'ila-dadau
48
English. Persian (rouianizeii). Pronunciation.
j to pull
kasliidan kashetdan
„ push
takdndan takandan
/ „ put, place
guzdshtan
geuzashtan
,, put off (time)
ta'khlr-anddkJttan
ta ' /f/ieerr-anda/.Vi-taa
, ,, rain
bdrldan
bareedan
^ „ raise
buland-kardan
beuland-karrdan
x „ read
khdndan
/c/mndan
„ receive
fjereftan
gerreftan
„ recommend
toseyah-kardan
to-seya-karrdan
,, refuse
rad-kardan
rad-karrdan
/ „ remain, stay
mdndan
mandan
„ remember
ydd-dvurdan
yfid-aveurrdiin
„ repay
paa-dddan
pas-dadan
/ „ rest
rdhat-shudan
ra-hat-sheudan
'_ „ return, fr.-^
bargarddndan
bar rgarr- dan dan
— , intr.
baryashtan
barrgashtan
„ ride
savdr-nhndan
savar-sheudan
— ,, ring> tr.d'intr.
zaiiff-zadau
zang-zadan
/ „ run
dacldan
dav-eedan
„ save
rehdndan
re-hand an
x » say
yiiftan
geuftan
/ „ see
dldan
deedan
„ seem, appear
nemudan
nem-oodan
/ „ send
ferestddan
feres -tadan
„ sew
dtlk/Uan
dooM-tan
„ share
taqsim-kardan
taqseem-karrdan
,, shave (beard)
rlsh-tardshldan
reesh-tara - sheeda»
„ shine
tdbidan
tabeedan
^ „ show
neshdn-dddan
neshan-dadan
^ „ shut, tr.
bastan
bastan
„ sing (of persons)
(dvdza h -) khdndan
(avazah-) Mandan
,, sit (as European)
neshastan
neshastan
„ sleep
khdbldan
Mabeedan
„ smoke (pipe, &c.)
kashldan
kasheedan
,, sneeze
atsah-zadan
atsa-zadan
„ sow
kdshtan
kashtan
x „ spend
kJiarj-kardan
Marj-karrdan
„ spoil (injure)
zadah-(khardb-)kar-
zada- (Wiarab-) karrdaa
„ stand
istddan [dan
eestadan
„ start (set out)
harakat-kardan
harakat-karrdan
/• „ steal
duzdldan
deuz-deedan
•TJ
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
to Stop, tr.
negah-ddshtan, negah-dashtan, ineu-
niuattal-kardem attal-karrdan
— , intr.
vd istddan va eestadan
,, sweep
jdrub-kardan jaroob- karrdan
,, swim
shand-kardan shana-karrdan
,, take
barddshtan,<jereftan barrdashtan, gerreftan
,, take care
deqqat-kardan deq-qat-karrdan
_- „ talk, speak
harf-zadan harrf-zadan
„ tear
darldan
dareedan
,, tell, relate
revdyat-kardan
revayat-kamlan
j „ thank
ta&hakku r -/cardan
tashak-keurr-karrdan
„ think
fek r- (kheyd 1-) ka rdan
fekrr- (fc/ieyal-) karrdan
,, throw
anddkhtan
andaAr/i-tan
., „ tie
bastan
bastan
,, touch
dast-zadan
dast-zadan
,, travel
safar-kardan
safarr- karrdan
„ try
tajrubah
taj-reuba
,, -turn, tr.
garddndan
garrdaudan
— , intr.
gardldan garrdeedan
,, understand
j'ahmldan
fahmeedan
„ use
este'mdl-kardan
este'-mal-karrdan
,, wait
sabr-kardan
sabrr-karrdan
„ walk
gardexh-kardan
garrdesh-karrdan
„ want
naddshtan
nadashtan
„ warn
khabar-dddan
Mabarr-dadan
,, waste, tr. xdye'-kardan
za-ye'-karrdan
„ watch pdldan
pa-eedan
,, wear, put on, tr. pushldan
poosheedan
., wear, intr.
davdm-kardan
dav-am-karrdan
„ weigh, tr.
kashldan, vazn-
kasheedan, vazn-karr-
„ wipe
pdk-kardan [Iranian pak-karrdan [dan
/ ,, wish
khdstan Mastan
„ work
kdr-kardan kar-karrdan
„ wrap
pichdndan [dan peechandan
„ yawn
khamydzah-kashl- Mam-yaza-kaaheedan
Persian 8.T.
E
50
Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, etc.
(Zarrf, harrfe-atf, zameer, va ghayreh.)
English.
(For Grammar gee pp. 63— 6».)
Persian (roinanized).
Pronunciation.
About (nearly)
taqrlban, nazdlk taq-reeban, nazdeek
, above
bald bala
according to
band-be, nazar-be bana-be, nazarr-be
across
az-meydn, sare, ruye az-meyan, sarri, rooy-i
/ after
£ss, ba'd pass, ba'ed
afterwards
pasazan, ba'dazdn passazan, ba'd-azan
, again
du-barah deu-bara
against
bar-zedd, bar-kheldf
barr-zedd, barr-Melai'
/ ago
pish
peesh
almost
taqriban
taq-reeban
already
hanuz hanooz
also
ham, hamchenln
ham, liam-cheneen
although
ar/ar chek
agarr cheh
altogether, quite
hamah, Indian
hama, keul-lan
^ always
hamlalia/t hameesha
/- among
meyan meyan
and
va
va
^ anybody
harkas, harlteh
harr-kass, harr-keh
x anything
harcheh, harcldz
harr-cheh, harr-cheez
x any time
harvaqt
harr-vaqt
f anywhere
harjd, Jiarkujd harr-ja, harr-keu-jfi
around
atraf, dor, dorador atraf, dorr, doradorr
as much as
dn-qadr an-qadrr
at
dar
darr
^ at last
dkhar, dqebat
a-Marr, a-qebat
/ because
zird, chunkeh
zee-ra, choon-ke
/ before
pish, plsh-az
peesh, peesh-az
/ behind
pusht
peasht
^ below
pdln
pa-een
/ beneath
pain, zlr
pa-een, zeerr
besides
juz, magar, yhair-az
jeuz, inagarr, ^Aayr-az
/* between
meyan
meyan
but
ammd
amma
by
bd
ba
certainly
albattah, mutlaq
al-bat-ta, meut-laq
daily
ruzdnali, yomlyah
roozana, yonieo-ya
down
zlr, pdln
zeerr, pa-een
downstairs
pain
pa-een
51
• English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
during
dar-utiiia, dar-zarf
darr-asna, darr-zarrf
early
zud
zood
either... or
yd... yd
ya...ya
, especially
makhsusan
maA-^-soosan
even
agarche, hatta
agarr-che, hatta
/ everywhere
hamahja, harjd
hama-ja, harr-ja
except
mcujar, jnz
magarr, jeuz
/ far
dur
doorr
for, COM/.
zird, chunkeh
zeera, choon-keh
/ lor, prej>.
bard;/
baray
/ from
az
az
/ here
Injd
eenja
, how ?
cheh-yfmah? -rjadr?
cheh-goonah ? -qadrr ?
how long ?
chand-muddat !
chand-meuddat ?
/ how many
chand
chand
how often
chand-bdr
chand-bar
however
bchar-lidl
be-harr-hal
/ immediately foran, zild
foran, zood
/ in dar, tuy
darr, tooy
indeed
haqlqatan
haqee-qatan
/ inside
andarun, tinj
andaroon, tooy
into
darmeydn
darr-meyan
just (exactly)
mdnand, med manand, messl
nearly
taqrlban taq-reeban
neither... nor
nah...nah na...na
/ never
han/ez, hlch-raqt
harrgez, h'eech-vaqt
/ next
difjar, dyandah
deegarr, a-yanda
notwithstanding^.
sarfe nazar sarrfi nazarr
— , conj.
maahdzd
ma-a-haza
/ now
aknun, hCdd
aknoon, hala
of (belonging to)
az
az
of
-i- (Izdfat)
-i- (iz-a-fat)
/ of course
albattah
albat-tah
often
khaill
Maylee
on, upon
ruy, sar '
rooy, sarr
only
tanhd
tan -ha
opposite
ru-be-ru
roo-be-roo
S or
yd
y»
, over
blsh-az, sare, ruyc
beesh-az, sarri, rooy-i >
j perhaps
shdyad shayad
probably
shdyad, ehtemdl sha-yad, eh-tem-al
E*
52
English. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
quietly
ahestagl, drdnri
a-hesta-gee, aramee
rather (somewhat)
qaclrl, kaml
qadree, kamee
recently
mndklik/iaran meu-afc/i-/r/taraii
scarcely
bd-dushvdrl, ba-deushva-ree
bd-zahmat I ba-zah-mat
seldom
gdh-ydh,kam,nddei- gah-gah, karn, naderr
since, prep.
az-dn-vaqt
az-an-vaqt
since, conj.
chunkeh
choonkeh
/ slowly
ahestarji, yacdshakl
a-hesta-gee, yavashakee
so, thus
chenin, chendn
cheneen, chenan
/ sometimes
ba'zi raqt, gah
ba'zee vaqt, gah
/ somewhere
ba'zi jd, jdl, bejdl
ba'zee ja, ja-ee, beja-ee
/ soon
zud
zood
still, yet
hanuz
hanooz
than
az
az
that, conj.
keh
keh
then
pas, ba'd
pass, ba'd
/ there
dnjd
anja
therefore
bendbarin, lehdzd
bena-barr-een, le-haza
through
sar-td-sar, tddkhar
sarr-ta-sarr, ta-a-Marr
/ till, until
td
ta
x to
be
be
/ too (too much)
besydr, zeydd
bes-yar, zeyad
too (as well)
Jiani, Jiamchenln
ham, ham-cheneen
towards
siiy, samt, ru-be
sooy, samt, roo-be
/ under
zlr
zeerr
unfortunately
badbakhtdnah
bad-baM-tana
unless
mar/ar, elld
magarr, el-la
s up, upwards
bdld, sar
bala, sarr
upon
bald, ruy
bala, rooy
usually, generally
ddatan, umuman
adatan, eumooinan
well, adv.
khaill, be-khubl
AViaylee, be-A7toobee
y when ?
kai ?
kay?
/ where ?
kujd ?
keujil ?
while, whilst
vaqtl-keh
vaqtee-keh
why?
cherd /
cherra ?
with (together)
bd, hamrdh
ba, hamrah
within, adv.
dar-tft, ddkhelan
darr-to, da-/<;/iel-an
tyet, as yet adv.
hanuz
han-ooz
OUTLINE OF PERSIAN GRAMMAR.
THE NOUN.
All nouns in Persian are of one gender. They form their
plural by adding ^j) an or U ha, the former for persons, the
latter for things.
EXAMPLES.
$.* mard, man. e^-V* warffrra, men.
i_>\^ ketdb, book. U i_>L5 ketdb-hd, books.
But U ha is now generally use/L for both classes.
The accusative is formed by adding 1. rd to the singular or
plural. *
EXAMPLES.
JS qalam, pen. 1^ Js qalam rd, pen.
U JS qalam hd, pens. \. U J5 qalam Jid rd, pens.
This termination has also the force of the definite article.,
EXAMPLES.
..Ap 1. cb td^'/i ra didam, I saw <7i« garden.
^jjj cb bdgh didam, I saw a garden.
In the singular the indefinite article is indicated by the
ending (j, pronounced e.
EXAMPLES.
I. a horse.
se/Ic? as6i, a white horse.
But when the adjective follows the noun ^ is attached to it also.
EXAMPLE.
asb-i-sefldl, a white horse.
54
THE IZAFAT (denotes possession).
The izafat signifies possession ; it is denoted by the sign (__) zlr
and is used in the following three wuys : —
1. The genitive is formed by adding the izafat to the governing
noun, which usually precedes the governed noun.
EXAMPLES.
j$ \J& Jialld-i-dar, the key of the door.
Up. o^o derakht-i-khurma, the tree of the date.
But when the word ends in a vowel or ^ vl semi-vovvej, ii
takes the form (j pionounced yi.
EXAMPLES.
^jl^a. tclji. khuda-yi-jehan, the God of the world.
b.i 15.. roo-yi-daryd, the surface of the sea.
2. When several adjectives form attributes to the same noun
they are connected by the izafat or by the conjunction J va.
EXAMPLES.
j-jy*. f.j», J.) oJ>-,J derakht-i-gul-i-surkli-i-kltocll, a good red
rose tree.
^j»->. « -. .«. J.f oi-.o derakld-i-gul-i-surlih va kJwobl. a good
red rose tree.
3. Personal pronouns are connected with nouns by the izafat,
thus forming possessive pronouns.
EXAMPLES.
^ cj^.> dast-i-man, my hand.
Ui ^U pay-i-shuma, your foot.
1 When (/) j[)?s/j is followed byj t), it is pronounced as oo i
ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives usually follow nouns, and in this case are connected
\vith them by tiie izafat.
EXAMPLES.
> ,£. i_j'o5 ketdb-i-arabl, the Arabic book.
««Jl£j! ico kdyhaz-i-engefatfi, the English paper.
The termination \. rd for the accusative is added to the
adjective only.
EXAMPLE.
^A.jJ*. 1. , cij£. I_A:L> ketdb-i-arabl rd kharldam, I bought an
Arabic book.
But if there are several adjectives I. rd is only added to the
last.
EXAMPLE.
arabl rd kharldam, I bought
a large well-written Arabic
book.
A few adjectives sometimes precede the noun, to which is then
generally added the indefinite article ^ (y), and the izdfat is
mostly omitted.
EXAMPLES.
y>- khoob mardl, a good man.
JJ bad tihahil, a bad town.
Adjectives often precede nouns, forming compounds.
EXAMPLES.
(jli. jo bad. khulq, of bad temper.
kJiush rang, of fine colour.
56
The degrees of comparison are formed by adding the termina-
tions^? tar for the comparative, and ,-OiJ tarln for the superlative.
EXAMPLES.
I2ifjj> buzurg, large. J, (^)'r>- buzurgtar, larger.
CJJ/ s^Stp. bu.yurgtarm, largest. cH/^- behtarln, best.
Than is expressed by jl az.
EXAMPLE.
*"** J' J c'l>^ djavanl.ar az kama, younger than all.
The superlative construction, as in English, is with the
genitive.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
ij* man, I. U> ma, we.
jj !?«, thou. U- shuma, you.
jt ?Z, he, she, it. c-'^1.' ™hdn, they.
jS is used when speaking to inferiors in rank or age, other-
wise Ui, , as you in English.
The personal pronouns are declined as nouns except that the
accusative of ^ man (I) is L* mard instead of I. ^» rnaji ra.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
These are either the same as the personal pronouns or the
following shorter forms can be used, as also for the accusative of
the personal pronouns : —
ist pers. Jt am, my, me. ^U man, our, us.
2nd „ uyl at, thy, thee, ^ tan, your, you.
3rd ,, <_pl ash, his, hers, its, him. ^ ..1 sAa», their, them.
EXAMPLE.
dast-i-man, ]
my hand.
dastam,
57
The short form of possessive pronoun added to the word
preceding the verb has the force of the accusative of the
corresponding personal pronoun.
EXAMPLES.
vil-ash kun, )
!-let him go.
u-rd vil kun,)
o»io ^ miblnam-at, ) T
" t> II see you.
^u> ^> \. J tu-rd-m~il>inam,)
The accusative of possessive pronouns is formed as in nouns
by the addition \. ra.
EXAMPLE.
1. ..w« o-j^ dast-i-man rd,)
. _ |-my hand.
I. ^-o dast-am-rd, j
To form the plural la Aa is added to the nouns.
EXAMPLE.
^ L/U ^^-»^ sluimslur-hd-yi man,}
hny swords.
^U ,^i»±. shamshtr-ha-m, J
The possessive case is often denoted by JL* mdl (property).
EXAMPLKS.
OA-.I ..w* JU> &.Sl-». ^pl m khdna mdl-i-man ast, this house is mine.
o-'^- JU c'j ^1 'an bdghmdl-i-slmmdst, that garden is yours.
The six reflexive pronouns are :
+sj*. khudam, myself. ,jL.sy:». khudimdn, ourselves.
ci)j»»- khtidat, thyself. eJ^ff" kliuditan, yourselves.
^jy*. kliudash, himself, her- ^ll.iy*. khudishdn, themselves.
self, itself.
N. B. Personal and possessive proi;ouns must be replaced by
reflexive when they refer to the same subject.
58
EXAMPLES.
man khudamrd rriishuyam, I wash myself
I.J.S J/s-sy*- j-M. (j* man padar-i-khudamrd dldam. I saw my
father (not ..jj^l -».jj ^»).
The following are demonstrative pronouns, declined as nouns :
^pl In, this.
^1 an, that.
OV^»A lamlv, this same one.
^UA human, that same one.
v^s.** — ,-v^*. chunln, hamchunln, such a one as this.
ehundn, hamclmndn, such a one as that.
Jtamcliu. soj such.
chandtn, chanddn, so much.
RELATIVE PEONOUNS.
&b /?-;', who, that, accusative I..1 . . . . »S; 5^. cA?, which, ^?' ....
X^ ^ V
<5, or ^pl . . . . 6 Id . . . . ash.
EXAMPLES.
w ^* war<^ K sarashrd shikastn budand,
tl.e man whose head they had
broken.
i3C-Jo koliska ki charkhashrd sdJchtand,
the carriage, the wheel of which
they made.
The relative pronouns & ki and »». chi are often connected
with the demonstrative pronouns.
EXAMPLES.
j.b Jo »J ..^.l In Id p iil ddrad, this one who has money.
ki faqlrast, that one who is poor.
59
When a noun is followed by a relative sentence defining it,
a (j yi is added to the noun.
EXAMPLES.
&S (jij* mardl ki, the man who .....
&j !, (jf~>. pisarl ra ki, the boy who .... (accusative).
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
These are the same as the relative pronouns: & ki, who;
is. chi, what.
EXAMPLFS.
JLJ>| si ki dmad, who came ?
jj^.^>. >.» chi khurdld, what did you eat 1
THE VERB.
In the Persian verb theiv is only one conjugation.
All verbs are formed from two principal parts, the infinitive
and impei ative. To these the same terminations are added for
all verbs.
1. The auxiliary verb coy budan, to be, has infinitive coo
budan : imperative (_pb bas/t ; but some tenses are derived from
the radical ^^A hastan, and in this respect are slightly irregular.
INFINITIVE oojj budan, TO BE.
Indicative (icea/cer form).
Present.
J am, I am. *;! im, we are.
^1 I, thou art. Jo! Id, you are.
ast, he, she. it is. Ail and, they arc.
Prettinf (stronger form).
hastam, I am. ^— * liastim, we are.
hastl, thou art. J^~A hastld, you are.
/<a«i, he, she, it is. JJ^~A hastand, they are.
Present negative.
nistam, I am not. <~^^ «wi*, tlmu art not, &c.
60
Preterit?.
jy. budani, I was. AMv* *>•**>. biidlm, we were.
jj> 6t«fl, thou w^ist. fyf> .xoy budld, you were.
jy. 6iZd, he, s-he, it wasi / ' JJ jjj budand, they were.
Imjyerfect.
~3j~.A mibddam, I used to be. &c.
Perfect.
»> 6<7(Za am, I have been. v>! x^.j 6w<ia ^m, we have been.
o 6 «c/a i, thou hast been, jol x.jy 6itc7a it?, you have been.
i, he has been, jjl »j^> 6(i<iaan<f, they have been.
biidam. I h;id been, &c.
Future.
Future formed with the auxiliary verb (.^\y^ khaslan, and
the shortened infinitive ^jj 6uc?.
^y Vkl^>. khaJiam bud, I shall ^> ^^^ A;7ia/«m6;7^,weshall
be. be.
oo ^W* khalu bud, thou wilt jo juJkL-*. khdhld bud, you will
be. be.
jc jJiL-fc khahad bud, he will ^ AJiAly*. khdhand biid, they
be. will be.
Infinitive.
(j^j budan, }
;—4 hastan,
i- to be.
M
Past Participle.
s.jy_ buda, been.
Imperative.
, / be ! (thou), for the other persons subjunctive
present is used, so for all verbs.
61
Subjunctive present.
^U basJiam. I may be. *^!j. bdshlm, we may be.
^.b bashl, thou mayest be. J^b bdshld, you may be.
jui>U bashad, he mny be. jj^b bashand, they may I.e.
Imperfect.
^L*j> mlbasham, I might be, &c.
For the pluperfect ..^y. budam, ^j^> mlbudam, ^ib »^j>
basham, may lie used.
jU &dd, may he, she, or it be, is used as optative to express
a wish : ex. ^b jL> i^»c umrat diraz bad, may your life be long.
2. The auxiliary verb ^j^ shudan, to become, is regular,
and therefore forms its present indicative and subjunctive from
the imperative ^i. sho, but the other tenses from shortened
infinitive j-i shud. The final ^ v in »^, sAo is pronounced as
v before a vowel : ex. f^ sJutvatn.
INDICATIVE.
Present.
PJ£.?J> inltliavam, I become, &c.
Preterite.
..j^ shudam, I became, &c.
r •
Imperfect.
mishudam, I became, &c.
»j^ shuda am, I have become, &c.
Pluperfect.
iAi shuda budam, I had become, &c.
Future.
aU:>. kliiiham shud, I shall become, &c.
INFINITIVE.
.xi. shudan, to become.
62
Present Participle.
sjjji, shavanda, becoming (very seldom used).
Past Participle.
sJJI. shuda, become.
GERUND.
(JA.2. shudanl, what ought to become.
Subjunctive present.
p*2* sTiavam, I may become, &c.
Imperfect and pluperfect the same as in the indicative, and so
for all verbs.
3. THE REGULAR VERB.
All infinitives end in ^ dan, or ^ tan.
To conjugate a verb we must know its infinitive and impera-
tive. The imperative of verb whose infinitives end in ^jj Idan
are formed by cutting off this termination: ex. ^j^i^- bakhsh-
Idan, to present ; imperative [j^s^- bakhsh, present.
From the imperative are formed : —
(i) The present indicative by prefixing j> -ml and adding
the termination ^ am, ^ I, .x. ad, &c. : ~J^- ^ ml-bakhsh-am.
12) The present subjunctive by prefixing w bi, as .^^s.-^
bi-bakhsh-am.
All other tenses are formed from the shortened infinitive
jwy^s.-3- bakhsJud.
PARADIGM OF THE REGULAR VERB
Active voice.
\
Infinitive r+^f giriftan, to take, to s«ize.
1 Tmpertitive ..J yir f take!
1 In colloquial Persian it is usual to prefix i_> b before the impera-
tive, as^-JO biglr, &c.
63
Indicative present.
*.A~* mlglram, I take. &c.
Preterite.
t^jj giriftam, I took, &c.
Imperfect.
f^sj^jo mltjiriftani, I took or I used to take, &c.
Perfect.
J s^jy girifta-ai/i, I have taken, &c.
.
j i^jgirifta budam, I had taken, &c.
Future.
^A^ klialium girift, I shall take, &c.
.^9^5 giriftan, to take.
Present Participle.
5 J^J^ ylranda, one who is taking.
Pas£ Participle.
izjji girifta, taken.
GERUND.
(J~^iJ^ giriftarii, what must Le taken.
PREPOSITIONS.
Space will not allow us to give in detail this part of Persian
grammar, but the following list gives a few of the most
important : —
j * Jar, at. \ — ~$ . j dar kiltsa, at the church.
ji tu, in. ,jlla! (jy tuylutdq, in (into) the room.
&j Li, to. ^jS s^> bi hama kas, to everybody.
^ /-it, on. ;..* _c«; r?7?/t mt^;, on (at) the table.
64
M sar, on.
b 6a, with.
_> &Z, without.
CB^ *
jl a^, from.
\5 ta, to.
15 td bi, up to.
sb pain, bottom.
ilb bald, upon.
sari O'tasJt, on the fire.
L.J ow« b 6« mem fo'v/a, come with me.
o**-; ,J 57 zalimat, without trouble.
-^ *-^
* j^l p .-J jl az tabrlz dmadam, I came
from Tabriz.
y
blrun, outside. ..^1
barayi, for. -.j
it is far from Teheran
to Rasht.
td bi blriim, until we may see.
pdlni kticlia, at the bottom
of the street.
bdldyi dirakht,upon the tree.
blruni shahr, outside the
town.
barayi tu ferestddam. I sent
for you.
CONJUNCTIONS.
For these, see Vocabulary, pp. 50 to 52.
ADVERBS.
There are no adverbs properly so called in Persian. Their
place is taken by nouns, with or without prepositions, or by
adjectives.
EXAMPLES.
u.^-, j In sabab, without reason.
-s*. bi khubi, well.
asudagl, safely.
Arabic adverbs with terminations I an, are also used.
EXAMPLES.
takhmlnan, approximately.
UJu yaqinan, certainly. Ulc yhaliban, mostly.
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions.
(Kale mat va jeumlahdy-i-meustalah meufeed va Idzem.)
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
taldmun-alaikuni
salameun -alaykeum
Goo 1 morning
i.e. Peace be upon you
afternoon
[This salutation is used
'
on all occasions. The
« j CloA
answer is: —
,, evening
alaiknm-us-sald»i
alaykeum-eus-salam
I
i.e. Upon you be peace]
'
ahvdlc shumd che/t
ahvali sheuma che
torast ?
torr-ast ?
How do you do ?
i.e. How is your condi-
tion ? [To inferior]
i
ahvdle sktLrtff shu-
ahvali shareefi sheuma
„ How are you ?
md cheh torast ?
cbe torr-ast ?
i.e. How is your august
or sacred health ? [To
V
superior.
Good night (to one shabe shv/nd bekhair shabi sheuma be-fcAayr
going to bed)
i.e. Your night be blessedj
Thank you (answer alliamdulelldh
alhamdeu-lel-lah
to, HOW are yOU?) J-e- Thanks to God
Thank you. Thank lutfe shumd zeydd
leutfi sheuma zeyad
you very much
[zeyad
[zeyad
—No, thank you
nah, lutfe xhuind
nah, leutfi sheuma
Don't mention it
zahmati wist
zahmatee neest
i.e. It is no trouble
Thanks for your
: besydr zahmat
bes-yar zahmat kashee-
trouble
kashldid deed
It does not matter
zararl naddrad
zararee nadarad
I can scarcely ask
agar cheh khejdlat
agarr che Mejalat mee-
(asking a favour)
mikasham
kasham
"""Please do
befarmdld
befarrma-eed
You are quite (in-
khaili khush dma- Maylee fc^eush amadeed
deed) welcome
did
(Do) just as you
hartor mail ddrid harr-torr mayl dareed
please
[ddrid Fdareed
You are quite right rdst mlfarmdid, haq rast meefarrma-eed, haq
Take as much as befarmdld har qadr befarrma-eed harr qadr
you please
mail ddrld rnayl dareed
Persian S.-T.
F
66
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
It is lucky that...
As you know
It must be done
What are you (
doing ? |
Please come back
Come here [soon
I have come on
business [come?
When will you
Will you come ?
Where are you
Go and look [going?
What is the mat-
ter ?
As soon as possible
Oh no! thatisnotso
If possible
What does this
I don't know [mean?
I don't quite under-
stand
I haven't the
slightest idea
I have never seen it
I haven't seen you
for a long time
Who said so ?
I will speak to him
about it
He won't hear of it
He cannot be relied
en
He is honest and
hard-working
You must not do
that
ba/t/i-
asbdbe khush bakh- asbabi /cAeush
tlst keh... teest lie...
chendncheh mlddnld\ chenan-che meedaneed
bay ad beshavad ba-yad beshavad
chehmlkunl? [To inf.] che rneekeunee ?
cheh mlkunld? [Sup.]' che meekeunecd ?
lutfan zud bargard ! leutfan zood barrgarrd
bey a Injd \ bey a eenja
man bardye kdr \ man bara-yi kar ama-
dmadam dam
kai kkdlild dmad? kay Maheed amad ?
a-ya /c/iaheed amad ?
keuja meeraveed ?
bero negah keun
che /c/tabarast ?
sheud ?
harr qadr zood
meumken-ast
na ! chen-een neest
agarr meumkenast
een ya'-nee che ?
man nameedanam
man deureust namee-
fahmam
man heech nameefah-
mam [dam
man ura hlch nadl-\ man oora heech nadee-
muddatlst shumdrd meuddateest sheumara
nadeedam
kee geuft ?
aya khdhid amad?
kuja miramd?
bero negdh keun
cheh khabarast ?
cheh shud ?
har qadr zud keh
mumkenast
nah! chenln nlst
agar mumkenast
in ya'nl cJieh?
man namlddnam
man durust naml-
fahmam
man hlch namlfah-
mam [dam
nadidam
kl (juft '
che
ke
man bd u dar khusu-
se u harf khdham
zad [kard
U qabul nakhdhad
beh u khdter jam'
namitavdn shud
u bd namus va kdr
kunast
nakun, shumd nabd-
yad In
bekunld
kdr rd
man ba oo darr Meu-
soosi oo harrf Ma-
ham zad [karrd
oo qabool na-Ma-had
be oo Materr jam'-
nameetavan sheud
oo ba namoos va kar
keun-ast
nakeun, sheuuia naba-
yad een
keunecd
kar
be-
67
English.
Persian (roinaniied).
Pronunciation.
Do not tell anyone
I will do my best
I can do without it
It will do after-
wards
It will do at your
leisure
Be careful
I will bring it for
you
Do you want this ?
I don't want that
I want an answer
[answer ?
What is your
Wait a minute
Do you like this ?
I like it very much
How do you like
it ? [at once
Kindly let me know
You are very for-
tunate [anxious
You need not be
It is too difficult
It is well done
[address ?
What is your
My address is...
Give me his address
He lives in...
So it seems
Yes, I suppose so
Do you speak
English ?
I am Ensrlish
bekasl magu
har cheh mumkenast
khdham hard
bi u mumkenast
ba'd bekdr mlkhurad
har vagt bekhdhld
mishavad
deqqat kun,
mutavajjeh bash
man ilrd bardye shu-
md khdham dvurd
(dyd) Inrd mlkdhld?
(man) dnrd naml-
khdham
(man) yek javdb
mlkhdham
javdbe shumd chlst?
yek daqlqah sabrkun
Inrd mipasandld ?
man urd besydr ml-
pasandam
dyd Inrd (urd) tm-
pasandld? [bedeh
lutfan zud khabar.
shumd khaill khush-
bakhtld
muztareb nabdshld
In besydr mushgelast
In (u) besydr khubast
adrase shumd chlst ?
In adraxe manast...
adrase urd bedeli
u dar...eqdmat ml-\
kunad [shavad\
hamche ma'lum ml-
drl, ball, (juijd
(dyd) engellsl harf
mlzanld ?
man enqellsam
bek-assee magoo
harr che meumken-ast
Ma-ham karrcl
bee oo meumkenast
ba'd bekar mee-A-Aeu-
rad
harr vaqt beAV<a-heed
mee-shavad
deq-qat keun,
meuta-vaj-jeh bash
man oora bara-yi sheu-
ma Ma-ham aveurrd
(a-ya) eenrameeMa-heed
(man) anra
ham
(man) yek ja-vab mee-
Ma-ham
javab-i sheuma cheest?
yek daqeeqa sabrr keun
eenra meepasandeed ?
man oora bes-yar mee-
pasandam
a-ya eenra (oora) mee-
pasandeed ? [bedeh
leutfan zood Mabarr
sheuma May lee Meush-
baMteed
meuz-tareb nabasheed
een bes-yar meushgelast
een (oo) bes-yar Moob-
ast
ad-rassi sheuma cheest?
een ad-rass-i man-ast...
ad-rass-i oora bedeh
oo darr...eqamat mee-
keunad [shavad
ham-che ma'loom mee-
aree, baiee, goo-ya
(a-ya) engeleesee harrf
meezaneed ?
man engel-eesam
F"
68
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
I don't understand
man namlfahmam
man nameefahmam
I can speak a little
man kamlfdrsl harf
man kamee farsee harrf
Persian
mizanam
meezanam
I bad not time
vaqt naddshtani
vai[t nadashtam
I really cannot
liaqlqatan namitavd-
haqeeqa-tan nameetava-
wait
nam muntazer be-
nalm raeunta-zerr be-
As you see [been?
ml blnld [shavam
mee beeneed [shavam
Wbere have you
kajd bildid.-
keuja boodeed v
Is it convenient to-
ay a far da muinken-
a-ya farrda meumkcn-
morrow ?
ast?
ast?
I will return it to-
urd fardd barml-
oora farrda barr-mee-
morrow
garddnam
garrdanam
Please let me know
lutfan zud beman
leut-fan zood beman
immediately
khabar bedeh
AViabarr bedeh
lie has already left
u pish-az In raft
oo peesh-az een raft
He probably does
u shay ad iiamldd-
oo sha-yad nam-ee-da-
not know
nad
nad
This article wears
In pdrchah davdm
een parcha davam mec-
well (clothes)
mikunad
keu-nad
Do. do. (things) in pdrchah khubast
een parcha Wtoob-ast
Are there any book
dyd dar... dukkane
a-yadarr...deukkan-i ket-
shops in...? ketdbfnrushl hast?
ab-feurooshee hast?
To be sure there are albattah hast
albatta hast
I enquired, but : man pursldam, am-
man peur-seedam am-
there was none ma hlch nabud
ma beech nabood
1 see you for the in avval dafah ast
een avval daf-a ast ke
first time [ing ? keh shumdrd mlbl-
sheumara meebeenam
Where are you go- kujd mlravld? \narn
keuja meeravec;! ?
Come here ; I have
beyd Injd bd shumd
bey-a eenja ba sheuina
something for you
kdr ddram
kar daram
to do
May I ask who you
bebakJishld dqd shu-
bebaM-sheed aqa sheu-
are, sir ?
md klstld /
ma keesteed ?
i.e. Excuse me, sir; who
are you?
When do you re-
kai beferanyestdn
kay beferan-gestan
turn to Europe ?
barmlgardld ?
barrmee-garrdeed ?
Is anything the
shumdrd cheh ml-
sheumara che mee-
matter with
shavad ? or dyd
shavad ? a-ya na-
you?
ndkhiixJiid /
Meu-sheed ?
i.e. Are you iil ?
Who said so ? .
kl fluft ?
kee geuf t ?
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Please wait
You come as well
I am told he re-
turned yesterday
That is the impor-
tant point
In that case it is
all right [it
There is no help for
It is extremely in-
convenient [ful
You must be care-
I did not break it
Under what cir-
cumstances ?
What is the reason?
There is no mistake
about it
You were certainly
to blame [ion?
What is your opin-
Please make a note
I say ! Mr.... [of it
Without ceremony
Speak louder,
please
Look !
Is it not beautiful?
It is indeed grand
lutfan sabr kunld
shumd ham beydld \
man shanldam u\
dlruz baryasht
In nuqtah muhem-
mast
dar In surat kdr
khubast
clidrah nlst
In besydr ndrdhat-
ast
bdyad deqqat kunld
man urd nashekas-
tam
becheh shart ? dar
cheli khusus 1
becheh sabab ? jahat
chlst ?
dar u hlch shubhah
nlst
shnmd sezdvdre sar-
zanesh budid
fekre shumd chut ?
lutfan yddddsht kun
dqd . . . bebln cheh
bl takllf [miguyam
lutfan bulandtar
harf bezan
negdh lean !
(dya) qashank nlst t
haqiqatan besydr
khubast
leutfan sabrr keuneed
sheuma-ham beya-eed
man shanee-dam oo
deerooz barrgasht
een neuqta meuhem-
mast .
darr een soorat kar
khoob&si
chara neest
een bes-yar nara-hat-
ast
ba-yad deqqat keuneed
man oora nashekas-
tam
be-che sharrt? darr-
che fcAeu-soos ?
be-che sabab ? ja-hat
cheest ?
darr oo heech sheub-
ha neest
sheurna, sezavari sa,rr-
zanesh boodeed
fek-ri sheuma cheest ?
leutfan yad-dasht keun
aqa...beb-een che mee-
bee takleef [goo-yam
leutfan beulandtarr
harrf bezan
negah keun !
(aya) qashank neest ?
haqee-qatan bes-yar
Moob-ast
Expressions of Emotion, etc.
(Bayanat-i-meuhaiiyej vn gliayreh.)
What?
Indeed !
Stuff ! nonsense 1
What a statement !
That is impossible
That cannot be
cheh ?
haqiqatan ! vdqeati
blhudah ! bima'nl
cheh harfe ajlb!
In ndmumken ast
In namlshavad
che?
haqee-qatan! va-qe-an!
bee-hoodal bee-ma'nee!
che harrf -i-ajeeb!
een na-meumken ast
een na-meeshavad
70
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
You
surprise me
Take care !
My fault
Oh ! it is nothing
[ am sorry
- (asking pardon)
What a pity !
It is a sad thing
What a shame !
I am very glad
Bravo ! well done I
How fortunate !
How excellent !
I am very angry
Hold your tongue
Don't answer
All right
Oh dear ! oh dear !
Be off!
It is no good
Get out
My dear
Help I mercy I
What do you say ?
[To superior]
[To inferior]
Do you hear me ?
Will you kindly
Do you understand
me ? [mean ?
What does that
What is that ?
Can you speak
English ?
Do you know
Mr....?
Where is the...?
shumd mard mnta-
ajjeb mlkunld
deqqat kun ! bepd !
taqslre man
chlzl nut
man mutaassefam
bebakhshid
haif '. afsu* '.
In asbdbe taaxsufast
aib ast .' aib rust !
man besydr khnxh-
hdlam
a farm! bdrakalldh!
cheh khushbaklit !
cheh qadr a'ld!
besydr klxishmnak-
kam li«rf bezan [am
javdb nadeh
khub ; besydr khub
ai khudd! ai khuda!
i.e. Oh God!
gum sho ! jahannam
In khub nut [sho !\
bero gum sho ! hero
azlze man [biriin
emdad ! amdn !
sheuma mara meuta-
aj-jeb meekeuneed
deqqat keun ! bepa !
taq-seer-i-rnan
cheezee neest
man meuta-assefam
bebafr/i-sheed
hayf ! af-soos !
een asbab-i-ta-asseufast
ayb ast ! ayb neest !
man bes-yar. /c/ieush-
halam
afareen ! bara-kallah !
che /cAeush-baWit !
che qadrr a'la !
bes-yar Mashm-nakam
kam harrf bezan
javab nadeh
Moob ; bes-yar frAoob
ay /c/ieuda ! ay /feudal
geum sho ! ja-hannam
een khoob neest [sho 1
berro geum sho ! berro
azeez-i-man [beeroon
emdad ! aman !
Enquiries. (Seuaiat.)
1 cheh mifarwaid? che meefarrma-eed ?
cheh miff ill /
dyd mlskenavld ?
lutfan
dyd mlfahmld ?
In ya'ni cheh ?
In cheh chiz ast ?
engelisl mitavdnid
harf bezanld 1
dqd...rd mishend-
sld ?
...kujdst /
che meegoo-ee ?
a-ya meeshenaveed ?
leutfan
a-ya meefahrneed ?
een ya'nee che ?
een che cheez ast ?
en-gelee-see meetava-
need harrf bezaneed?
ftqfi ... ra mee-shena-
seed ?
...keu-jast ?
71
English.
Persian (romanizedj.
Pronunciation.
What do they call
that in Persian ?
What is that good
Who is that? [for?
Who are you?
Who is there ?
What do you want?
What have you got?
What is the matter?
Can you tell me?
Why is that ?
Who sent you ?
What is your name?
Why did you go?
Inra dar fdrsl cheh
miguyand ?
In bar dye cheh khiib
u kist / [ast ?
shuma klstld ?
dnjd kut? kist anja?
cheh mlkhdhld ?
, cheh gereftld ?
. cheh khabarcut? cheh
shud ? [guld ?
, mltavdnld hem an be-
i cherd • {tad?
shunidra kl ftinta-
, name shuma chlst-
l cherd raftld ?
eenra darr far-see che
mee-gooyand ?
een bara-yi che A-/ioob
oo keest ? [ast ?
sheuma keesteed ?
anja keest? keest anja?
che mee-A-//a-heed?
che gerefteed ?
che Mabarr-ast ? che
sheud ? [begoo-eed ?
meetavaneed beman
chera ? [tad ?
sheumara kee feu-reus-
nami sheuma cheest ?
chera rafteed ?
Xh.6 Railway. (Rah-i-ahan, or Shamandaferr.)
(For Vocabulary see page SI.)
To the station
Here is my luggage
Take it to the cloak-
room
I wish to regis-
ter my luggage
for... [weight
The luggage is over
Get my luggage
Here is the ticket
How many pack-
ages are there?
Where is the wait-
mg-room ?
- booking-office?
- refreshment-
room?
— lavatory ?
- train for. . . ?
Are you going by
the express ?
Show me a time-
table
be gar; be estdseyon
in ashyde manast
| Inra bebar be-utdqe
ashyd1
man mikhdham ash-
yde khudrd sefdre-
shi beferestam be...
ashyd' xanglnast
ashyde mar a beydr
lna*t belli
j asbdl'hd chand pdr-
chah ast 1
utdqe entezdr ku-
jdst ? [hand?
belltrd kujd mida-
utdqe mashrubdt
hujdst?
khald kujdst ?
qatdre. ..kujdst ?
dyd bd qatdre surat
mlramd ?
yek fehreste (jadva-
le) vaqt bedeh
be gar ; be estaseyon
een ash-ya-i man-ast
eenra bebarr be-eutaqi
ash-ya'
man mee-A.7ta-ham ash-
ya-i Meudra sefaresh-
ee beferestam be...
ash-ya' san-geen-ast
ash-ya-i marra beyar
een-ast beleet
assbab-ha chand par-
cha ast ?
eutaqi entezar keu-
jast? [hand?
beleet-ra keuja meeda-
eutaqi mashroobat keu-
jast ?
khala keujast ?
qatari...keujast ?
aya ba qatari seurat
meeraveed ?
yek fehresti (jadval-i)
vaqt bedeh
72
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation
When does the
shamandafer kai
shamandaferr kay mee-
train start?
mlravad f
ravad ?
Can I book through
dyd mltavdnam yek-
aya naeetavanam yek-
to...?
sarah be ... bellt
sarrah be ... beleet
beglram ?
begeeram ?
A first- (second-) ; yek belite darajahe
yek beleeti darra-ja-hi
class single ticket avval (duvvum)
av-val (deuv-veum)
to...? be...
be...
Return ticket belite dusarah
beleeti deu-sarrah
How much is it ? chand ast ?
chand ast ?
We want a sleeping ma yek utdq mlkhd-
ma yek eutaq mee-Ma-
carriage him keh j dye khdb
heem ke ja-yi Mab
ddshtah bashad
dashta bashad
A corridor carriage yek utdge rdhroddr
yek eutaqi rahro-dar
A corridor carriage yek utdqe rdhroddre
yek eutaqi rahro-dari
for ladies zandnah
zanana
A non-smoking
yek utdq keh siydr\ yek eutaq keh seegar
compartment namlkashand nameekashand
Is this the train for... In qatdre...ast? een qatar i... ast ?
Do I change any- ' dyd dar baine rdhf aya darr bayni rah ba-
where? bdyad avaz kunam?< yad avaz keunam ?
Where must I
darkujdbayadbard-\ darr keuja ba-yad bara-
change for...? ye. ..avaz kunam?
yi...avaz keunam?
Is this seat en-
dya In jd yereftah aya een ja gerrefta
gaged ? shudah ast ? sheuda ast ?
There is no room Injdjd nlst [Icun eenja ja neest
Call the guard ma'milr rd sadd ma'moor ra sada keun
The train is just qatar aldn harakat qatar alan harakat mee
going to start mlkunad keunad
Open the door
darrd bdz (vd) kun darr-ra baz (va) keun
Open the window
panjarah rd bdz kun
panjarah ra bax keun
Here is the station
In ast estdseyon (ydr)
een ast estaseyon (gar)
Do we stop here ?
dyd Injd khdhlm Is-
aya eenja Ma-heem ees-
tad?
tad?
Do we alight here?
dyd Injd pain kha-
aya eenja pa-een kh&-
klm dmad /
heem amad ?
Do we change
d;/d Injd utdqrd
aya eenja eutaqra avaz
carriages here ?
avaz khdhlm kard?
/cM-heem karrd ?
How long do we
cheh qadr Injd
che qadrr eenja Ma-
stop here ?
khdhlm Istdd •
heem eestad ?
Five minutes
panj daqlijah
panj daqeeqa
73
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
My luggage is lost
asbabe man gum
shudahast
asbabi man geura sheu-
dah-ast
vVhen it arrives for-
ward it on to...
Give me your ticket
[To superior]
vaqtl keh rctxid
deferent be...
belite khudra eltefat
kunld
vaqtee ke raseed befe-
rest be...
beleeti A/ieud-ra eltefat
keuneed
[Do. to inferior]
belite khudra bede-
beleeti A/teud-ra be-de-
Here it is [To sup.]
[Do. to inferior]
be/armd [hid
beglr
befarr-ma [heed
begeerr
The Steamboat. (Kashtee, Jehaz.)
(For Vocabulary see page s-j.
Hire a boat
I am going by boat
When do we start?
Send the steward
to me
What is the first
cabin fare ?
Please show me my
berth
Is this berth taken?
[tain ?
Where is the cap-
I will engage the
whole cabin
Put my bag in the
cabin [port?
Have you your pass-
W7hat is the num-
ber of your cabin?
I am in Number 3
Will it be rough?
The sea is rough
Is she a good boat?
Shall you stay on
deck?
yek kashtl kerdyah
kun [vain
man bd kashtl mlra-
| kai khdhlm raft ?
mubdsherrd bffercxt
injd
kerdyahe darajahe
avval chand ast ;
lutfan jdye mard
nexhdn bedeh
dyd In jdrd geref-
tahand ?
nakhuda kujast ?
man tamdme in
utdiji'd kerdyah nn-
khdhatn bekunam
klfe mard buyzdr
be iitdq
dyd talker all darld-
ntimralie titciqe
shuind clilst ?
man dar numrah
sell hastam \shnd-
dyd kulak khdhad
danjd kftldk ast
d>/d kashteye kln'dnxt
di/d shumd bdldye\
(sathahe) kashtl\
khdhld Istdd ?
yek kaslitee keraya
keun [vam
man ba kashtee meera-
kay A-Aa-heem raft ?
meubasherr-ra beferest
eeuja
kerayah-i darra-jah-i
avval chand ast?
leutfan jayi marra
neshan bedeh
iiya een jara gerreftah-
and?
naMeuda keujast ?
man tamami een eu-
taqra keraya mee/. 7/fi-
harn bekeuuam
keefi marra beugzar be
eutaq
aya ta/.-kerali dilreed?
neum-rah-i eutaqi sheu-
ma cheest ?
man darr neumra seh
has-tam ^ [sheud?
aya koolak A-Ai"i-had
darr-ya koolak ast
aya kashteyi /c/«oobeest?
aya sheuma balayi (sat-
hah-i) kashtee Ma-
heed eestad?
74
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
No, I shall go
nah, pain kkaham
below
raft [ast
I feel very sick
ahvdlam besydr bad-
I am going below
man miravam pain
to my cabin
be utdqe khudam
€anwe have dinner
dyd dar kashtl sham
on board ?
midahand ?
Shut (open) the
panjarah rd beband
porthole
(bdz kuri)
Here, boatman !
In qdyeqchlst !
How much to take
chand mlgiri ward
me ashore ?
bebarl birun ?
Please let me see
hit/an tazkerahe
your passport
khudrd bedehid
na, pa-een Ma-ham.
raft
ahvalam bes-yar badast
man meeravam pa-een
be eutaq-i /c/ieudam
aya darr kashtee shfirn
meeda-hand ?
panjarah ra beband
(baz keun)
een qa-yeq-cheest !
chand mee-geeree mar
ra bebarree beeroon?
leutfan ta/-ke-rah-i
/c/ieudra badeheed
Arrival. (Raseed, Veurood.)
(For Vocabularies see pages SI & 32.)
Here is my luggage
Where is the cus-
tom-house ?
Bring that trunk to
the custom-house
Have you anything
to declare ?
I have nothing
dutiable
Please give me
your keys
Here are the keys
Is there a 'bus ?
Call a carriage
There is no carriage
What is the fare to
the hotel ?
Tell the driver
where to take me
in ashyde man ast
yumruk kujast ?
in klfrd (sandfiqrd)
beydr be yumruk
chlzl gumrukl dd-
rid?
chize gumruk shii-
danl naddram
lutfan kalidrd
bedehid
mast kalld
dyd injd gdrl hast/
yek kdleskah(duruslt-
f/ah) sadd kun
Injd kdleskah nlst
kerdyah td hotel
chand ast?
bekdleskahchi begu
mard kitjd bdyad
bebarad
een ash-ya-i man ast
gaumreuk keujast?
een keefra (sandooqra)
be-yar be geumreuk
cheezee geumreukee
dareed ?
cheez-i geumreuk sheu-
danee nadaram
leutfan kaleedra bede-
heed
eenast kaleed
aya eenja garee hast ?
yek kaleska (deureush-
ga) sada keun
eenja kaleska neest
kerraya ta ho-tel chand
ast?
bekilleska-chee begod
marra keuja bayad
bebarrad
76
Xh.C Hotcli (Hotel, Mehmanklidnah.)
English.
(For Vocabularies see page 20— SO.)
Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Is the proprietor
sahebe hotel kujdst
sa-hebi ho-tel keujast
anywhere about?
(injdxt) ?
(eenjast)?
Have you a room
utdqe khdll (kerd-
eutaqi /j/talee (kerra-ya-
vacant ?
yahl) ddnd?
ee) dareed ?
This room is too
In utdq brsydr
een eutaq bes-yar koo-
small [room?
kuche/c ast
chek ast [reed ?
Have you a large
utdqe biiztirg ddrld?
eutaqi beuzeurrg da-
Show me a bed-
yek utdqe, khdb ne-
yek eutaqi AVtab neshan
room
shdn bedeli-
bedeh ?
I will take this one
man mrd mlkltdbam
man eenra mee-Ma-bam
Have you no better
utdge belttar miild-
eutaqi beh-tai-r nada-
rooms ?
rld?
reed?
Have you not a
yek utdqe kliunak-
yek eutaqi /r/teuneuktarr
cooler room ?
tar naddrid:
nadareed ?
I want a large one
man yek. utdqe bu-
man yek eutaqi beu-
zurg nilklidiuun
zeurrg mee-/c/ta-ham
Show me some nice
yek utdqe khilbl ne-
yek eutaqi /cAoobee
rooms
slidn bedeh
neshan bedeh
Are you the land-
dyd sdhebe hotel
aya saheb-i ho-tel sheu-
lord?
shwudld /
ma-eed ?
How much do you
ruzl chand mlglrld?
roozee chand mee-gee-
charge per day?
reed?
Has my luggage
dyd ashyde (asbdbs)
aya ash-ya-i (asbabi)
come?
mard dvurdahand?
marra aveurrdah-and'?
Send the luggage
asbdbe mara beferest] asbabi marra beferest
upstairs
bald
bala [een)
Put it down here
buffzdr Injd (zamln^
beug-zar eenja (zam-
Do you intend to
khalll lihdhid
Maylee /rM-heed mand?
stay long ?
mdnd /
I shall stay a few
du seh nlz khdb a in
deu seh rooz A7ia-ham
days
mdnd
mand
I want to have a
man mlklidham
man mee-Ma-ham
wash
shustcshil knnam
sheusteshoo keunam
I want something
man gnrusnah am,
man geureus-nah am,
to eat
kh urda nl cheh ddrid
/r/teurr-danee cheli dfi-
Anything will do
har cheh bdshad
harr cheh bashad [reed
zarar naddrad
zarrarr na-darad
Give me the key of
kalule utdqe mard
kaleedi eutaqi marra
my room
bedeh
bedeh
70
English. Persian (romauized).
A decanter of water
yek tunk db
What are the hours
Injd cheh vaqt shdm-
of meals here ?
va-nehdr midahld?
Lunch is at... and
nehdr darsdate...va
dinner at...
sham dar sdate...
There is no fixed
vaqte muaiyan
time
naddrlm
And breakfast ?
va chdie subli, zlrc
qal-ydnl?
You can suit your
liar vaqt keh bardye
own convenience
shunt a rdhat ast
Can I dine in my 1 dyd mltavdnam. dar
room ?
ittdqe khudam
sham bekliuram?
Is the bed well
dyd rakhtkhdb beha-
aired ?
vd dddah shudah
Where is the w.c.?
khald kujdst? [ast?\
I suppose you have
dyd Injd hammdm\
baths here ?
ddrld ?
I want a warm
man yek hammdme
bath
garm mikhdham
Give me a piece of
yek pdrchah (qdleb)
soap
Give me a towel
sdbun beydr
yek Itoli (qatlfah)
beydr
Where is the bell?
zang kujdst ?
Can you lend me
yek juft pdpush
some slippers ?
bedeh !
I want a candle
man yek sham' ml-
khdham
I think of leaving
man kheydl ddram
to-morrow
fardd beracam
Call me early in
mard subhe ~ud
the morning
blddr kun
It is chilly to-night
emshab kJitmuk ast
Put on more bed-
lehdj'e dlr/ar bntjzdr
clothes
Send "boots" to me
nokar rd be fe rest
Call my servant
nokare mard sadd
kun
Bring me a light
yek charagh beydr
I'ronunciatton.
yek teunk ab
eenja che vaqt sham-eu-
ne-har meeda-heed?
ne-har darr sa-at-i...eu
sham darr sa-at-i...
vaqti meu-ay-yan nad-
a-reem
eu cha-ee-i seubh, zee-
ri qal-yanee ?
harr vaqt ke barra-yi
sheuma ra-hat ast
ayfi meetavanam darr
eutaqi /cAeudam sham
be-Meuram ?
aya ra,kht-kh&\) be-havil
da-dah sheudah ast'?
A;7iala keujast ?
aya eenja hammam da-
reed ?
man yek ham-manai
garrm mee-/c/ia-ham
yek par-chah (qaleb)
saboon beyar
yek holee (qateefah)
bey-ar
zang keu-jast?
yek jeuft papoosh
bedeh ?
man yek sham* mee-
Ma-ham
man Meyal daram
farrda berrav-ani
marra seubh-i zood
beedar keun
emshab ArAeuneuk ast
le-hafi deegarr beugzar
nokarr ra beferrest
nokarri marra sada
Ueun
yek charra^A beyar
77
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Make a fire
dtash roshan kun
atash ro-shan keun
Put that outside
mrd bugzdr blrun
eenra beugzar beeroon
Light the lamp
lampdrd roshan kun
lampara ro-shan keun
Fetch my gloves
dastkashe mard
dast-kashi marra beyar
beydr [kun
Mend my stockings
jurdbe mard rafo
joorabi marra rafo keun
Get me a mosquito
yek pashshahddn
yek pash -shah-dan
curtain
beydr beyar
Why are you so
c herd dlr kardld?
cherra deerr karrdeed?
late?
Bring me a cushion
yek bdlesh beydr
yek balesh beyar
What do you re-
dqd cheh mlkhdhld?
aqa che mee-Ma-heed ?
quire, sir?
Give me some hot
qadrl dbe gann
qadree abi garrrn beyar
water
beydr [kun
[keuu
Clean my shoes
liafshhdye mard pdk
kafsh-ha-yi marra pak
I want a shave
man riskamrd mi-
man reeshamra uiee-
khdkam betamsham
Ma-ham be-tarrasham
Is there a barber
dyd dar In nazdlkl
aya darr een nazdeekee
about here ?
dukkdne dalldkl
deuk-kani dallakee
hast?
hast ?
Send my boots to
kafshe mard beferest
kaf-shi marra beferrest
be repaired
ta'mlr kunand
ta'meerr keunand
Let this linen go
In rakhtrd berakht-
een ra/iAt-ra bera/i/it-
to the laundry
shur beferest [and
shoorr beferrest
My clothes are wet
rakhthdye man tar-
raMt-ha-yi man tarand
Please dry them
lutfan dnhdrd
leut-fan anhara Meushk
khmhk kun [kun
keun [keun
Brush my clothes
rakhthdye mard pdk
rafr/it-ha-yi marra pak
.Are you going to
dqd lebdse khude-
aqa lebasi Meu:det-
change your
tdnrd avaz khd-
an-ra avaz /r^a-heed
clothes, sir?
hld hard?
karrd ?
Let us have the bill
hesdbrd beglrlm
he-sabra be-geereem
Is the luggage
dyd ashyd' hdzer
aya ash-ya' hazerr ast?
ready ?
ast?
Send the luggage to
ashyd' rd beferest
ash-ya' ra beferrest
the station
be gar
be gar
Take rue to the
mard bebar be gdr\ marra beb-arr be gar
station
(be estdseyon)
(be esta-sey-on)
I am pressed for
vaqt naddram.
vaqt nadaram
time
i.e. I have not time
78
English.
Meals. (Kheurak.)
(Tor Vocabularies Bee pages 24 to 21.)
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Show me the bill-
fehreste (ta'refa/ie) feh-resti (ta're-fah-i)
of-fare
ghazdrd beydr
^//az-ara beyar
Please bring tea
lutfan dial va ndne
leutfan cha-ee va nani
and cakes
shah-arl beydr
shak-arree beyar
What is your order?
cheli mlfarmdld?
che mee-farr-ma-eed?
Please make me
lutfan qadrl dial
leutfan qaclroe cha-ee
some tea
durust kun
deureust keau
Bring me the teapot
qurl rd beydr Injd
qooree ra beyar eenja
1 will make the tea
man Icliudam mlkhd-
man Meudam mee-&Aa-
myself
ham chdlrd durust
ham cha-ee-ra deu-
(dam) kunam
reust (dam) keunam
I am thirsty
man tashnaham
man tash-nah-am [ar
Another cup of tea
yek chdle dlgar beydr
yek chaee-i deegarr bey-
Give me some more
qadri blshtar qand
qadree beeshtarr qand
sugar (milk)
(shir) beydr
(sheerr) beyar
Put some more wa-
qadrl db v& kun tu-
qadree ab va keun too-
ter in the teapot
ye chdlddn (qurl)
yi cha-eedan (qoort^e)
Have you any fresh
ay a karahe tdzah
aya kara-hi taza da-
butter ?
darld ?
reed?
I am hungry
man gurusnali am
man geureusnah am
It is quite uneat-
In hlch khurdanl
eenheech Meurr-dan-ee
able
nlst
neest [neest
It is undrinkable
In nushldanl nlst
een noo-shee-dan-ee
Thisisquiteenough
(In) basast
(een) bas-ast
May I offer you
qadrl mdhl mail
qadree ma-hee mayl
some fish ?
ddrld? [dyad
dareed ? [mee-ayad
It looks tasty
In benazar kliub ml-
een ben-azarr AVfoob
Thanks, I will take
lutfe fihumd zeydd,
leutfi sheuma zeyad
some
qadrl eltefdt kunld
qadree eltefat keunet'd
Which do you pre-
kuddmrd mail dd-
keudamra mayl darecd?
fer?
rld?
I prefer roast to
man kabdbrd bedb
man kab-abra be-ah
boiled
pukht tarjlh rw-
peu/c/it tarr-jeeh
daham
meeda-ham
Either will do
har kuddm bdshad
harr keudam bashad
Is there any fish to
dyd Injd mdhl paidd
aya eenja ma-hee pay-
be got ?
mlshavad?
da meeshav-ad ?
Whatfish have you?
cheh jur m,dhl ddrld?
che joorr mahee dareed?
There is none
hlch naindndali a.s-f
heech narnaadah ast
79
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Tell the cook to
make chicken
broth [cook
He is not a good
I have nothing to
eat
Is the soup ready ?
[served) i
Dinner is ready (or \
Do you like...?
I must have them I
fresh
Give me a little, j
please
Will you pass the ;
mustard ?
Pass me the sauce
Waiter, some bread
What wine will you
take, sir ?
Show me the wine
list
Have you English
beer?
Open the bottle and
bring it here
Is this water fil-
tered ?
Is it good for
drinking ?
What meat is there?
Give me a slice of
ham
Have you any roast
beef?
Do you prefer well-
done or under-
done?
What will you take
now ?
bedshpaz begu qadrl\
dbe murr/h duriist
kunad
dshpaze khubl nlst
in on hlch khurdanl
(;i/taza) naddram
ay a ash (abgusht)
hdzer ast'-
shdm hazer ast
ay a . . . mail ddrld?
agar tdzah axt
i.e. If it is fresh
lutfan qadrl eltefdt
kun (bedeh)
lutfan khardalrd
eltefdt kunld?
chdshnlrd eltefdt kun
nokar, qadrl ndn
beydr
cheh shardbl mail
ddrld?
fehreste ' shardbrd
beydr
dyd dbe joye (blrahe)
engeUs ddrld?
shishahrd vd kun
beydr Injd
dyd in db tasfeyah
shudah ast/
dyd In db bardye
khurdan khub ast?
cheh gushti ddrld?
yek pdrchah gushte
khuk bedeh
dyd kabdbe gushte
gar ddrld'
kuddni rd mail ddrld
pukhtah yd nlm-
pukht?
hdlii chclt mail dd-\
rid.'
be-ash-paz begoo qad-
ree abi meurr<y/t deu-
reust keunad
ashpazi Moobee neest
man heech /c/ieurr-dan-
ee (#/taz-a) nad-aram
aya ash (ab-goosht)
ha-zerr ast ?
sham ha-zerr ast
aya...mayl dareed ?
agarr tazah ast
leutfan qadree eltef-at
keun (bed-eh)
leutfan Marrdalra el-
tefat keuneed? [keun
chash-neera el-tefat
no-karr, qadree nan
beyar
che sharabee mayl
dareed ?
feh-resti sharabra be-
yar
aya abi joy-i (beerah-i)
en-gelees dareed?
sheesha-ra va keun
beyar eenja
aya een ab tas-feya
sheudah ast ?
aya een ab bara-yi
A-Aeurrdan khoob ast?
che gooshtee dareed?
yek parcha gooshti
/c/iook bedeh
aya kab-abi gooshti gav
dareed ?
keudamra mayl dareed
peu/r/itah ya neem-
peuA-At ?
hcila che mayl dareed?
80
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
A little of the fat
qadrl gilshte roghanll qadree gooshti ro-^/ian-
beydr
ee beyar
Give me some lean
qadrl gushte mdkl-
qadree gooshti ma-hee-
cJtah bedeh
cha bedeh
Will you carve this
In mitrgh rd taqslm
een meurr^r/i ra taqseem
fowl?
kunld? [kun
keuneed? [keun
Change my plate
bushqdbe mard avaz
beushqabi marra avaz
Will you have some
qadrl slbe zannnl
qadree seebi zameenee
potatoes ?
mail ddrld?
mayl dareed ?
Boiled (roasted)
slbezamlnledb pukht
seebi zameenee'i ab
potatoes
(surkh kanlah)
peuA-At (senrkh karrdah)
I am not fond of
man chanddn md-
man chandan ma-yel-i
potatoes
yele slbe zamlnl
seebi zameenee nees-
nlstani
tam
Hand me your
bushqdbe khudrd el-
beush-qabi AAeudra el-
plate
tcfdt kunld?
tefat keuneed
I will not take any
mail naddram,
mayl nadaram, namee-
[some more ?
namlkhdham
Ma-ham
Shall I bring you
bdz mail ddnd-
baz rnayl dareed '?
I can't eat any
dlgar namltavdnam
deegarr nameetavanam
more
bekhuram [zeydd\ be-A;Aeurarn
No, thank you
nah lutfe shurhd na leutfi sheuma zeyad
I feel ill
I have a sore
throat
I have a head-
ache
I have caught cold
I have a pain in
my back
I have a bad cough
I have a pain here
f
You had better con-
sult the doctor
Are you not afraid
of sunstroke ?
Health. (Tandeureustee, SahJiat.)
(For Vocabulary see page 23.)
man ndkhusham, \ man na-Meusham,
man hdl naddram \ man hal nadaram
darde gain ddram, \ darrdi galoo daram,
galuyam dard ml- galoo-yam darrd mee-
kunad [nad,. keunad [nad,
saram dard mlku- saram darrd rneekeu-
darde sar ddram \ darrdi sarr daram
sarmd khurdaliam ' sarr-ma Meurr-dah-am
pushtam dard mlku- peushtam darrd mee-
nad keunad
surfahe badl ddram] seur-fah-i badee daram
Injdyam dard ml-\ eenja-yam darrd mee-
kunad keunad
khiih ast behakiml khoob ast be-ha-keem
ne&hdn bedehld neshan be-de-heed
dyd az zarbe-dfetdb\ aya az zarrbi-afetab
namitarsld? na-meetarr-seed ?
81
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
What are you
az cheh mitarsid?
az che meetarr-seed ?
afraid of?
Please call a good
lutfan yek hakime
leutfan yek ha-keemi
doctor for me
khubi beydr
Moobee beyar
He will come im-
aldn mldyad, aldn
alan mee-a-yad, alan
mediately
khdhad dmad
Ma-had amad
The doctor has come
hakim dmad
ha-keem amad
I wish to consult
man mlkhaham khu-
man mee- Ma-ham
you
damrd beshumd
Meudamra besheuma
[lit., I will show myself
to you]
neshdn bedeham
neshan be -de-ham
Let me feel your
nabze shumdrd bebi-
nabzi sheumara bebee-
pulse
nam
nam
How do you feel
emruz ahvdle shumd
emrooz ahvali sheuma
to-day ?
cheh tor ast
che torr ast ?
Much better, thank
alhamdu lelldh
al-hamdeu lellah May-
you [tion
khaill behtar ast
lee beh-tarr ast
Here is a prescrip-
In nuskhah ast
een neusMa ast
Have it made up
beferestld davdkhd-
beferesteed dav-a-Ma-
at a chemist's
nah besdzand
nah bessa-zand
Where is there a
davdkhdnah kujdst?
dav-a-Mana keujast ?
chemist's? [cine
Here is the medi-
In davdst
een dav-ast
This medicine is
ruzl seh dafah az In
roozee seh daf-ah az
to be taken three
davd (bdyad) be-
een dav-a (ba-yad)
times a day
kurid
be-Meureed
The Time.
(For Vocabulary, see p. 18.)
Please tell me the
time
What time is it ?
Ten minutes past
seven
It has just struck
nine [ing
The clock is strik-
A quarter past one
It is past one
Half-past four [six
Twenty minutes to
Persian S.-T.
(lutfan befarmdid)
sdat chand ast
cheh vaqt ast? or
sdat chand ast ?
dah daqlqah az haft
guzashtah
aldn sdat nuh rd
zad
sdat mizanad
yek-va-yekrub'
az yek guzashtah ast
chehdr-va-nlm
blst daqiqah be sJiesli
(leutfan befarr-ma-eed)
sa-at chand ast
che vaqt ast ?
sa-at chand ast ?
dah daqeeqa az haft
geuzashta
alan sa-at neuh ra
zad
sa-at meeza-nad
yek-eu-yekreub'
az yek geuzashtah ast
che-har-eu-neem
beest daqeeqa be shesh
G
82
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
A quarter to eight
By my watch
Exactly 3 o'clock
At what time ?
9 a.m.
yek rub'' be hasht
bd sdate man
tamdm sdat seh
cheh vaqt?
sdate nuhe subh
yek reub' be hasht
ba sa-ati man
tamam sa-at seh
che vaqt ?
sa-at-i neuh-i seubh
7 p.m.
It is not late
sdate hafte asr
dlr nut
sa-at-i hafti asrr
deerr neest
It is early
zud ast
zood ast
Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc.
(Meukhdberdt, peust, telgerdf, va ghayreh.)
(For Vocabularies see pages 36 to 38; (or Postal charges, page 98.)
Have no letters
come this morn-
ing?
No, none have come
He ought to be here
by now [ing
I have heard noth-
Has the mail stea-
mer arrived ?
Go and see if the
mail is in
Are there any let-
ters for me ?
I have not received
any letter
Please post this
letter
Please forward my
letters to...
Please weigh this
letter
How much is the
postage on these
letters ?
I am just going to
read it
Can you lend me a
pen ? [pencil ?
Have you a lead
emruz subh Inch kd-
ghaz dmadah ast?
[dah ast
nah, hlch naydma-
u td hdld bdyest
Injd bdshad [dam
man chlzl nashnl-
dyd kashtie pust
dmadah ast/
bero bebln chdpdr
dmadah ast
dyd kdghazl bardye
man hast?
man kdghaz nage-
reftam
lutfan, In kdghazrd
bedeh bechdpdr
lutfan kdghazhdye
mar a beferest be...
lutfan In kdghazrd
bekash
ujrate puste in
kdghazhd chand
ast?
man aldn mikhdham
urd bekhdnam
dyd qalamrd eltefdt
mlkunld?
dyd meddd ddrld?
emrooz seubh heech
ka-grAaz amadah ast?
[ah ast
nah, heech na-ya-mad-
oo ta hala ba-yest eenja
bashad [dam
man cheezee nashnee-
aya kashtee-i peust
amadah ast ?
berro bebeen chapar
amadah ast ?
aya ka^/tazee barra-yi
man hast ?
man ka-#7taz nagerref-
tam
leutfan, een ka-^/tazra
bedeh bechapar
leutfan ka-^/iaz-ha-yi
marra beferrest be...
leutfan een ka-^azra
bekash
euj-rati peusti een ka-
grAaz-ha chand ast ?
man alan mee-A-Aa-ham
oora be-AAanam
aya qalamra eltefat
meekeuneed ?
aya medad dareed?
88
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
I want some note-
man qadrl kdghaze
man qadree ka-^azi
paper [lope
chdpdrl mikhdham
chaparee mee-frM-ham
Give me an enve-
yek pdkdt bedeh
yek pakat bedeh
Where is the ink ?
murakkab kujdst-
meurak-kab keujast ?
Lend me a piece of
yek pdrchah kdghaze
yek parchah ka^Mz-i
blotting-paper
dikash bemanbedeh
abkash beman bedeh
Get me some
chand tamre pust
chand tamri peust
stamps
bardye man begir
barra-yi man begeerr
Tell him to wait
begu sabr kunad
begoo sabrr keunad
I will send a reply
man javdb khdham
man jav-ab Ma-ham
later
ferestdd
ferrestad
Can I send a tele-
dyd mltavanam yek
aya meeta-vanam yek
gram ?
t elgerdf be feres tarn?
telgerraf beferrestam?
I have received a
man yek telgerdf az
man yek tel-gerraf az. . .
telegram from...
. . .gereftam
gerreftam
Please send this
lutfan In telgerdfrd
leutfah een tel-gerraf-ra
telegram
beferest
beferrest
Has a telegram
dyd telgerdf i bardye
aya tel-gerrafee barra-
come for me ?
man dmadah ast?
yi man amadah ast?
I want a postal
man yek bardie pust
man yek barrati peust
order
mikhdham
mee-Ma-ham
The payee's name
ndm, va adrase gi-
nam va ad-rassi gee-
and address are...
randah...ast
ran-dah...ast
The sender's name
ndm va adrase fe-
nam va ad-rassi ferres-
and address are...
restandah...ast
tanda...ast
I am the sender
manam ferestandah
manam ferrestanda
I am the payee
manam glrandah
manam geeranda
Please cash this
lutfan In askendsrd
leutfan een asken-as-ra
money order
(bardie pust-rd)
(barrati peust-ra)
(postal order)
khurd kun
Meurrd keun
This letter to be
In kdghaz bdyad
een ka-^Aaz ba-yad sef-
registered
sefdreshi beshavad
areshee beshavad
Registered letter
kdghaze sefdreshi
ka-^Aaz-i sefareshee
Receipt for do.
qabze sefdreshl
qab-zi sefareshee
Notices. (E-e'lanat.)
Apartment
Entrance
Exit
Furnished room
Keep off the grass
manzel, khdnah
madkhal
makhraj
utaqe farnh shudah
ruye sabzah maro
manzel,
mad -Mai
maM-raj
eutaqi farrsh sheuda
roo-yi sabza marro
G*
84
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Knock ; ring
dar bezan ; zang be-
darr bezan ; zang bezan
No admittance
madkhal nlst [zan
mad-Mai neest
No smoking allowed
dukhdniydt qada-
deu-Manee-yat qada-
ghan ast
gh&n ast
No thoroughfare
rah bastah ast
rah bastah ast
Please do not touch
lutfan dast mazan
leutfan dast mazan
Please wipe your
lutfankafshe khudrd
leutfan kaf-shi Meudra
feet
pdk kun
pak keun
Private
khususl
Meusoosee
Public notice
e-e'ldne umumi
e-e'lani eumoomee
Pull (i.e. open)
va kun
va keun
Push (i.e. close)
pish kun
peesh keun
Eefreshments
mashrubdt
mashroobat
To be let, to let
. . . kerdyahl, bar dye
...ke-ra-ya-hee, ba-ra-yi
kerdyah [ye furush
ke-ra-yab [yifeuroosh
To be sold
...furukhtanl, bard-
...feurooM-tanee, ba-ra-
Unfurnished room
utdqe khdll
eutaqi Malee
Walk in
beyd tu
beya too
In Town. (Darr shahr.)
(For Vocabulary see page 2U.)
Where shall we go?
Let us go [to...?
Which is the way
Where does this
road lead to ?
Go up the street
Is it far from here?
How far is it to...?
Show me the way
Turn to the right
Go quickly
Go slowly
Go straight on
Second turning to
the right
Take the first to
the right and the
second to the left
kujd beravlm?
beramm
rdhe...kuddm ast?
In rdh bekujd mlra-
vad?
kuchahrd hero bald
dyd az Injd dur ast?
cheh qadr rdh ast
be...? [bedeh
rdhrd beman neshdn
bargard bedaste rdst
tund hero
dhestah (dram) hero
rdst bero
kuchahe duvvum
daste rdst
bero kuchahe avval
daste rdst ba'd be-
hucliahe duvruw
daste chap
keuja berra-veem ?
berra-veem
rah-i...keudam ast?
een rah bek-euja mee-
ravad ?
koochara berro bala
ay a az eenja door ast ?
che qadrr rah ast be...?
[bedeh
rahra bernan neshan
barrgarrd bedasti rast
teund berro
a-hesta (aram) berro
rast berro
koochah-i deuvveum
dasti rast
berro koochah-i avval
dasti rast ba'd bek-
ooclmh-i deuvveum
dasti chap
85
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Keep to the left
az daste (tara/e)chajj
az dasti (tarrafi) chap
Cross the road
kuchah ra, bugzar
koocha ra beugzarr
In what street is...?
...dar kuddm ku-
...darr keudam koochah
chah ast?
ast?
Please tell me the
lutfan nazdlktarln
leutfan nazdeek-tarreen
nearest way to...?
rdhe...rd beman
rah-i...ra beman
neshan bcdeh
neshan bedeh
Is this the way to...?
ay a rdhe...ln ast?
ay a rah-i...een ast?
Do you know
dqd — rd mishend-
aqa...ra meeshenaseed?
Mr. ...?
sld ?
I do not know any-
kaslrd bem ndm
kaseera be-een nam
one of that name
namlshendsam
namee-shen-asam
I know him very
man urd khub ml-
man oora Moob mee-
well
shendsam
shen-asam
What is his name?
name u chlst?
nami oo cheest ?
Who is he ?
u klst?
oo keest ?
He is an old friend
u yek duste qadlmle
oo yek -doosti qadee-
of mine
man ast
mee-i man ast
Where does he live?
kujd mlneshinad?
keuja meenesh-eenad ?
Quite near
besydr nazdlk
bes-yar nazdeek
Are Mr. ...and Mrs.
(dya) dqd..va mdddm
(aya) aqa. . .va madam. ..
...at home?
...khdnah hastand?
Ar/tana hastand?
Have you a card ?
dyd kdrd ddrid?
aya kard dareed ?
Give him my card
kdrde mar a bedeh beu
kardi marra bedeh be oo
I will call again
man dubdrah (bdz)
man deubara (baz) Ma-
khdham dmad
ham amad
Does he expect
dyd u muntazere
aya oo meun-tazerri
you?
shumdst?
sheumast ?
He is expecting me
u muntazere man ast
oo meun-tazerri man ast
I have an engage-
man bd u yek va'-
man ba oo yek va'dah
ment with him
dah ddram
dararn
Good morning
saldmun alaikum
salameun alaykeun
How do you do ?
ahvdle sharlf?
ahvali sharreef ?
Very well ; I am
alhamdu lelldh,
al-hamdeu lellah,
very well
besydr khub
bes-yar Moob
I must go
bdyad beravam
ba-yad berravam
Good-bye, farewell.
}
Good morning
[khudd hdfez
Meu-da ha-fez
(evening, night)
)
Saddle my horse
asbe rnard zln kun
asbi marra zeen keun
Call the dog
sagrd sadd kun
sagra sada keun
86
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Do not forget to
alafe asbe kiichek rd
alafi asbi koochek ra
feed the pony
fardmush makun
faramoosh makeun
You haven't fed
shumd be-u khurdk
sheuma be-oo /i/ieurak
him
(alaf) nadddld
(alaf) nadadeed
Can you take me
dydmltacdnld mard
aya meetavaneed marra
to a good hotel ?
beyek mehmdnkhd-
beyek meh-man-A;Aanah-
nahe khubl bebarld?
i A:/ioobee bebarreed ?
Is there an inn
dyd dar In nazdikl
aya darr een nazdeekee
about here?
kdrvdnsard hast?
karvansara hast ?
What is the name
name In deh chlst'
nami een deh cheest ?
of that village ? •
What sort of a road
cheh jur rdhlst?
che joorr ra-heest ?
is it?
Which way am I
az kuddm rdh bay ad
az keudam rah ba-yad
to go ? [way
beravam?
berravam ?
You are in the right
hamin rdh rdst ast
hameen rah rast ast
You are quite out
shumd rdhrd gum
sheuma rahra geum
of the way
kardahid
karrdaheed
I want to be off
man bay ad beravam
man ba-yad berravam
When do you start?
kai miravld? kai ha-
kay meerav-eed ? kay
rakat mlkwnldl
harrakat meekeuneed?
Have you hired a
dyd shumd kdleska-
aya sheuma kaleskah-i
conveyance ?
he khudrd kerdyah
ArAeudra kerra-ya
kardahid?
karrdah-eed ?
I shall go by cart
man bd delljdn khd-
man ba delee-jan AVia-
ham raft
ham raft
Shopping. (Khareed.)
(For Vocabularies see pages 15 to IS, & 24 to 31.)
I want some silk
This silk is very
dear
This material wears
well
I will guarantee it
I don't guarantee it
Please show me
some gloves
man qadrl abrishum
mlkhdham
In abrishum khaill
gerdn ast
In pdrchah khaill
davdm mlkunad
man zamdnat mlku-
nam \namlkunam
man Inrd zamdnat
lutfan chand juft
dastkash beinan
neshdn bedeh
man qadree abreesheum
mee-Ma-ham
een abreesheum fc/tayiee
gerran ast
een parchah Maylee
davam meekeunad
man zamanat meekeu-
nam [meekeunam
man eenra zamanat na-
leutfan chand jeuft
dastkash beman
neshan bedeh
87
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
How much is this
In sanduq chandast?
een sandooq chandast?
cabinet ?
May I see it ?
(beydr) beblnam ?
(beyar) bebee-Ham ?
I want to see that
man mikhdham In
man mee-Ma-ham een
screen
pardah rd beblnam
parrda ra beb-eenam
I should think it
guyd hamln khiibast
goo-ya hameen AVtoob-
would do
ast
What is the lowest
qaimate dkher chand
qaymat-i a-Merrcband-
price ? [sive ?
ast? [ast?
ast?
Is this vase expen-
dyd in zarf gerdn-
aya een zarrf gerranast?
I will select the
man az hamah beh-
man az hama beh-tar-
best from among
tarrd az meydnelnhd
ra az meyani een -ha
these
seed khdham kard
seva Ma-hani karrd
I want to see some
man mikhdham ba'-
man mee&/ia-ham ba'zee
curios
zl antlkhd beblnam
anteek-ha bebeenam
Are they really
dyd Inhd haqiqatan
aya een-ha haqee-qat-
genuine ?
axland.-
an as-land ?
I don't think it is
man gumdn naml-
man geuman namee-
genuine
kunam keh In asl ast
keunam keh een asl ast
How old is this
dyd In zarf cheh
aya een zarrf che qadrr
vase ?
qadr kuhnah ast?
keuhnah ast ?
May I choose for
dyd mltavdnam khu-
aya meetavanam Meu-
myself ?
dam sevd kunam?
dam seva keunam ?
May I show it to
dyd mail ddrld urd
aya mayl dareed oora
you?
beshumd neshdn
besheu-ma neshan
bedeham ?
be-de-ham ?
Please give me
lutfan beqadre dah
leutfan beqadri da ta
about ten
td bedeh
bedeh
This suits me, but
in bekdre man mlkhu-
een bekari man mee-
the price is too
rad ammd qaima-
Meurad amma qay-
high
tash khaill gerdn
matash kh&ylee ger-
ast [dddam
ran ast [dam
I have ordered it
man urd sefdresh
man oora sefaresh da-
It is not new [more
In tdzah nlst
een taza neest
I don't want any
dlgar namlkhdham
deegarr namee-Maham
It is dearer than I
In gerantarast az
een gerran-tarrast az
thought
dncheh man khe-
an cheh man Meyal
[made
ydl kardam
karrdam
This is native-
In male ddkhelah ast
een niali da-/c^el-ah ast
This is cheaper
In arzdntarast
een arrzantarr-ast
That is imported
dnmdle khdrejah ast
an mali Ma-rej-ah ast
88
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
This is a still better
In qadrl behtarast
een qadree beh-tarr-ast
one
[khurad
[ee-Meurad
It won't. do at all
In hlch bekdr naml-
een heech bekar nam-
I must have it
man urd bdyad be-
man oora ba-yad be-
kharam
Marram
How much do you
Inrd chand miguld?
eenra chand meegoo-
ask for it ?
eed?
I can't let you have
namltavdnam kam-
namee-tava-narn kam-
them for less
tar bedeham
tarr bed-e-ham
How much do you
chand mlkhdhld
chand mee-Ma-heed ?
require ?
\bekharam
[be -Marram
I will buy this
man mrd mikhdham
man eenra mee-Ma-ham
How do you like this
mrd mlpasandld?
eenra meepas-andeed ?
I don't like any of
hlchyek az Inhdrd
heech-yek az een-hara
these
namlpasandam
namee-pas-andam
Do you want any-
dyd chlzl dlgar mi-
aya cheezee deegarr
thing else ?
khdhld?
mee-Ma-heed ?
Nothing else to-
nah emruz chlzl di-
nahemrooz cheezee dee-
day [worth ?
gar namlkhdham
garr namee-Ma-ham
How much is this
In chand mlarzad?
een chand mee-arr-zad?
Send the things to
Inhdrd beferest man-
een-hara beferest man-
my hotel
zele man
zel-i man
What name, sir ?
dqd, bendme keh?
aqa, ben -ami keh ?
„ address, madam?
bekujd, mdddm?
bekeuja, madam ?
Commercial and Trading. (Tejdrat va
(For Vocabulary see page 33.)
May I show you
my samples ?
I can sell at...
I can't come down
in price
It is impossible to
sell at that figure
I will consult my
partner and let
you know
dyd mail ddrld
nemunahdyamrd
beshumd neshdn
bedeham?
man be...mitavdnam
befurusham
namltavdnam kam-
tar bedeham
beln qaimat furukh-
tan mumken nlst
bd sharlke khud
mashvarat mlku-
nam va beshumd
khabar mldaham
aya mayl dareed nem-
oona-ha-yam-ra be-
sheuma neshan be-
de-ham ?
man be...meeta-vanam
befeuroosham
nam-eeta-vanam kam-
tarr be-de-ham
be-een qaymat feurooM-
tan meumken neest
ba sharree-ki Meud
mashvarrat meekeu-
nam va besheuma
Mabarr meeda-ham
89
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
We will consider
ma fekr khdhlm
ma fekrr Ma-heem
the matter
J<ard
karrd
We have none in
hlch hdzer naddrlm
heech hazerr nadareem
stock
I will assume the
man masullyatrd
man massoolee-yatra
liability
qabiil ddram
qabool daram
I am afraid I shall
mltarsam In mdl
meetarr-sam een mal
lose on the sale
zarar bekunad
zarrarr bek-eunad
of the goods
I want some
man chand mastu-
man chand mastoora
samples
rah mlkhdham
mee-A:/ia-ham
Submit samples
nemunahe...rd beje-
nemoonah-i...ra befer-
of...
rest
rest
The goods are in-
mdlhd az nemunah
mal-ha az nemoo-nah
ferior to samples
pasttarand
past-tarrand
Show me several
chand jur masturah
chand joorr mastoorah
patterns
neshdn bedeh
neshan bedeh
How many hands
chand kdrgar ddrld?
chand kargarr dareed?
do you employ ?
I employ forty men
chehel kdrgar ddram
che-hel karrgarr daram
There is a steamer
yek kashtl dar esga-
yek kashtee darr es-gal-
at the jetty
lah hast
ah hast
What cargo have
clieh mall dar kashtl
cheh malee darr kash-
you on board ?
ddrld?
tee dareed ?
I want a cargo boat
yek kashtle tejdratl
yek kashtee-i tejara-tee
mlkhdham
mee-Ma-ham
Is there accommo-
dyd dar kashtl ba-
aya darr kashtee barra-
dation for pas-
rdye musdferln
yi meusa-ferreen ra-
sengers ?
rdhatl hast?
hat-ee hast ?
Is food prepared on
dyd dar kashtl khu-
aya darr kashtee khen-
board ?
rdk mldahand?
rak meeda-hand ?
When can you de-
agar man sefdreshl
ag-arr man sef-areshee
liver if I give
beshumd bedeham
besheuma bed-e-ham
you an order ?
kai mldahld?
kay meeda-heed ?
I cannot give you
man namltavdnam
man nameetav-anam
an order
beshumd sefdreshl
besheuma sefa-reshee
bedeham
bed-e-ham
I wish to cancel the
man mlkhdham sefd-
man mee-Ma-ham sef-
order
reshrdfaskh kunam
areshra fasM keunam
You must come
aliumd bdyad khaill
sheurna ba-yad A:/iayle€
down a great deal
takhflf bedehld
ta/cA-feef bed-e-heed
90
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
I can't buy at that
bein qaimat nann-
be-een qaymat namee-
figure
tavdnan bekharam
ta-vanam be-A/iarram
What is your bot-
qaimate dkhere shu-
qaymat-i aMerri sheu
tom price ?
md chand ast?
ma chand ast?
Well, I will give
khiib ! man be
Moob ! man be...mee-
you... but that is
mldaham ammd In
da-ham, amma een
my last bid
qaimate dkher ast
qaymat-i a-A;/(err ast
If you care to accept
agar beln qaimat
ag-arr be-een qaymat
this figure let me
qabul kardld
qabool karrdeed Mab-
know
khabar bedehld
arr bed-e-heed
Have the goods
mdlhdforan bekash-
mal-ha forran be-kash-
shipped at once
tl haml shud
tee haml sheud
Better keep back
behtarast keh mdl-
beh-tarr-ast keh mal-
the goods till the
hdrd negdh ddrld
hara neg-ah dareed
next steamer
tdjehdze dyandah
ta je-hazi a-yandah
When will you be
kai khdhld bargasht?
kay A-/ia-heed barrgasht?
back ? [toms ?
Where is the cus-
gumruk kujdst?
geumreuk keujast ?
Is there an answer?
javdbl hast?
jav-abee hast?
Tell him to wait
begu sabr kunad
beg-oo sabrr keunad
He need not wait
Idzem nlst sabr ku-
lazem neest sabrr keu-
nad
nad
Ask him to come in
begu beydyad tu
beg-oo be-ya-yad too
I will go myself
man khudam khd-
man Meudam Ma-ham
ham raft \ravid,
raft [berrav-eed
You need not go
shumd Idzem nlst be-
sheuma lazem neest
Have you shipped
dyd mdlhdrd bekash-
aya mal-hara bekashtee
the goods ?
ti dddid*
dadeed ?
There are errors
In hesdb chand jd
een hessab chand ja
in the account
sahv ddrad
sahv darad
You have over-
shumd az man ze-
sheuma az man zeya-
charged me
yddl gereftid
dee gerrefteed
This is a clerical
In sahve mirzdst
een sahvi meerr-zast
error [error
\kardam
[karrdam
I have deducted the
man sahvrd menhd
man sahv-ra men-ha
It is more than we
In zeyddtar az dnast
een zey-ad-tarr az an-
arranged
keh qardr guzdsh-
as t keh qarrar geu-
tim
zashteem
Send in our account
hesdbe mard beferest
hessabi marra beferest
I want a detailed
man yek hesdbe mu-
man yek hessabi meu-
account
fassal mlkhdham \ fassal mee-fcM-ham
91.
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Here is a cheque
for your account
Will you accept a
bill?
in bijake talabe
shumdst
dyd bardt qabul ml-
kunid?
een bee-jak-i tal-ab-i
sheumast
aya barrat qab-ool mee-
keuneed ?
These goods must
be carefully packed
In mdlhd bdyad
bd deqqat bastah
shavand
een mal-ha ba-yad ba-
deq-qat bastah shav-
and
Put this mark on
the boxes
The boxes must be
iron-bound
In nwhdnrd buyzdr
ruije sanduqhd
In sanduqhd bdyad
dltan - bandl be-
een neshan-ra beug-zar
roo-yi sandooq-ha
een sandooq-ha ba-yad
a-han-bandee besh-
shavand
av-and
The boxes must be
tin-bound
in sanduqhd bdyad
be halabl gereftah
shavand
een sandooq-ha ba-yad
be hallabee gerref-
tah shav-and
Trade is good
Trade is dull
bazar ravdjast
bdzdr kasddast
ba-zar ravaj-ast
ba-zar kassad-ast
He has become
u varshekastah shud
oo varr-shek-asta
bankrupt
The firm is in liqui-
dation
In tejdratkhdnah
bastah khdhadshud
sheud
een tej-arat-/f/iana bas-
tah Ma-had sheud
[lit., will be closed]
Are these notes
good?
dyd In askendshd
Ichuband?
aya een as-kenas-ha
Mooband ?
Money-Changing. (Tabdeei-i-pooi.)
(For Tables of Money see pp. 95 & 96.)
Where is tnere a
money-changer ?
Can you give me
change ?
Yes, sir ; what
change do you
want ?
Will you give me
Persian money ?
Please give me
bank-notes [in...
Give me the amount
Please change this
into small money
dukkane sarrdfl
kujdxt?
dyd pul khurd ml-
kunld?
balldqd! chehsekkah
(pul) mlkhdhld?
pule Iran bedehld?
lutfan askendse-
bdnk bedehld
pule... bedehld
lutfan inrd piile
deuk-kani sarrafee keu-
jast?
aya pool &/teurrd mee-
keuneed ?
bal-ee aqa ! che sek-
ka (pool) mee-fe/ia-
heed?
pooli eeran bed-e-heed ?
leutfan as-ken-asi-bank
bed-e-heed
pooli... bed-e-heed
leutfan eenra pooli
khurdah bedehld? Meurrda bed-e-heed
92
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Will you cash this
dya In bljakrd
aya een beej akra Meurrd
cheque for me?
khurd mlkunld?
meekeuneed ?
What exchange on
mazannahe . . . engells
maz-an-nah-i....en-gel-
English money?
chand ast?
ees chandast ?
Please change me
hit/an In yek aske-
leutfan een yek as-ken-
an English bank-
ndse bdnke enyells-
asi banki en-gel-ees-
note
rd khurd kunid
ra Meurrd keuneed
I want change for
In askendsrd khurd
een askenasra Meurrd
this note [it ?
kunid
keuneed
How will you take
cheh pull mlkhdlild?
che poolee meeAVtaheed?
Can you give it me
agar ddrld teld bede-
agarr dareed tela
in gold?
hU ? [in gold)
bedeheed ?
(i.e. If you have, give me
I will take it in gold
teld mlkhdham
tela meeA;/iaham
Can you change me
(aya) mltavdnld yek
(aya) meeta-vaneed yek
a sovereign ?
lira khurd kunid?
leera Meurrd keuneed?
I am sorry I
mutaassefam, naml-
meuta-assefam, namee-
cannot
tavdnam, nah
tavanam, na nada-
naddram
ram
I haven't enough
piile khurdah dn-
pool-i A;/ieurrda anqadr
change by me
qadr naddram
nadaram
I have no more
dlgar pule khurdah
deegarr pool-i Meurrda
change
naddram
nadaram
Where is the nearest
dukkdne sarrdfl
deuk-kan-i sar-rafee
bank?
(bank) ktijdst?
(bank) keujast?
Give it me in bank-
askendse bank '
askenas-i bank bed-
notes
bedehld
eheed
This is a Bank of
In askendse bdnke
een askenas-i bank-i
England note
engells-ast
engelees-ast
93
PERSIAN HANDWRITING.
At first sight there appears perhaps little or no difference
between the written and printed characters of the Persi-Arabic
alphabet. There is a certain amount of variation, however, and
if the student will carefully examine the illustration of Persian
penmanship, given on the following page, he will readily per-
ceive the points of difference. He should particularly note —
1. In manuscript the usual signs of tashdeed ("•) and djaqm (°)
are generally omitted.
2. The combined form of the letter & is generally written
thus: initial ^ instead of A, ja> *» as - & ; medial o instead
of 4, i^-il^i A^J. as ,j.iUi iU* ; final „ instead of s., &3l>. s£ as
jii. X
With these exceptions the letters are written very much the
same as in the printed characters. In the Shikastah or cursive
hand many peculiar forms and combinations of letters occur
which can only be learnt by practice. Letters which should not
be connected with a following letter are ^ ^ : ^ i .s 1 ; they are
generally written combined in Shikastah only, and the dots
distinguishing the various letters are frequently omitted.
/y ^ 94
Specimen of Persian Handwriting.
[THE LORD'S PEAYEB.]
95
THE LOED'S PB&YEB. [TEANSLITEEATION.]
[The following is the romanized form of the words of the Prayer, as given on the
preceding page, with the literal English translation interlined.]
Ay pedar-i- ma keh dar asemani muqaddas bad nam-i tu.
0 Father of us who in sky Thou art, sacred let-be name of Thee.
Beyayad malakut-i- tu. Ejra-shavad eradat-i- tu dar
Let-come glory of Thee. Let be carried out wish of Thee on
zamln chenancheh dar aseman-ast. Emruz ruzey-i- mara
the earth even as in the sky it is. To-day daily-bread of us
bema berasan va gunahan-i- mara bebakb.sk chenancheh ma
to us send and sins of us forgive even as we
gunahan-i- anhara keh bema takhattl mlkunand
the sins of those who against us trespass do
mlbakhshlm. Mara bemaqam-i- emtehan mayar va mara
forgive. Us to a place of trial bring-not and us
az sharir khalasi bedeh. Chera keh turast malakdt
from the Evil-one release give. Because that Thine is Sovereignty
va jabarut va jalal ela abad-el abad. Amin.
and Power and Greatness to all eternity. Amen.
MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES.
MONEY. (Pool.)
Shahee, a COPPEE coin = about a farthing
qeran (20 shdhee), a SILVER coin = about 4|d.
manat (the Russian rouble), SILVBE = about 2 shillings
tooman (10 qeran}, SILVEB - about 4s.
ashrafee, a GOLD coin = about 8s.
leerd (about 50 qeran), the English sovereign, GOLD = £1
emperidl (the Russian imperial), GOLD ... ... = about £1
Copper coins are known as pool-i-seydh, i.e., black money, and silver
coins as pool-i-sefeed, white money.
Bank-notes are in circulation, of the value of 1, 5, 10, 25 tooman, etc.
The standard is silver and fluctuates considerably.
THE RATE OF EXCHANGE.— The English sovereign is usually exchanged
for about 50 qeran or 5 tooman. It is on this basis that the table on page
96 is calculated.
fL»
96
English & American Money, with Persian Equivalents.
ENGLISH.
£ 8. d.
50 0 0
5 0
1 0
10
5
2
AMERICAN.
dols. c.
250 00
25 00
5 00
2 50
1 25
t. q.
250
25
5
25
0
= 12 10
= 65
d.
0
0
6
3
1
0*
AMEBICAN.
dols. e.
50 =
25 =
14-
: O =
2 =
1 =
1 tooman (t.) — 10 queran (q.) = 200 shahee (s.)
PEESIiN.
t. q. 8.
5 0
2 10
1 5
12
4
2
[The above equivalents are subject to fluctuations in the rate of exchange.]
MEASURES OF LENGTH.
Bohr (A of a zarre')
gerah (J!B of a zarre') .... ...
chary ek or charak (£ of a zarre') ...
neem zarre' (% zarre')
zarre'
farrsang or farrsakh (6,000 zarre')
(Meqyas-i-tool.)
= IJinch
"... '•-* == 2£ inches
= 1-1377 yard
= about 3| miles
oz.)
A farrsang is "the distance a mule can walk comfortably in an hour."
WEIGHTS. (Vazn.)
Gandeum (a wheat corn) ... ... ... =
neukheud (a small chick pea ; 4 gandeum)
mesqal (24 neukheud) =
seerr (16 mesqdl)
chdryek or charak (160 mesqdl; J TWOTO) ... =
wow (Tabriz — 1,000 mesqdl)... ... ... =
„ (Saqat — 640 mesqdl) ..
„ (Shah — 1,280 * mesqdl)
kharrvdrr (100 Shiraz man) =
The mesqdl is the standard of weight throughout Persia.
man is the Treaty man.
CAPACITY. — There is no measure of capacity in Persia, everything
being sold by weight or number.
•83 grain
m ounce
88-32 gr. (nearly
2-944 oz.
1-84 Ib. (lib. 13oz.7dr.)
11 lb.8oz.
7-36 Ib. (71b.5oz.12dr.)
14 Ib. 11 oz. 8£dr.
736 Ib.
The Saqat
POSTAL CHARGES.
LETTERS.
For INTERNAL Letters :
About 3 mesqdl (or about \ oz.) costs 5 shahee (about l^d.
For INTEKNAL Post-cards, the postage is 3 shahee (about fd.)
For FOREIGN Letters:
About 3 mesqal (about £ oz.) costs 18 shahee (about 3Jd.)
For FOREIGN Post-cards ... 6 „ (about
TELEGRAMS (INTERNAL).
For 10 words, including address, 2^ qerdn (about Is.)
For every additional 10 words or less than 10, 2 qerdn (about 9j
William Brown & Co. Limited, Printers, Ac., London, E.G.
A |H.'j!^ •"" "iii inn Hill illil lllji lij
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Santa Barbara
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