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Hasan, Shaikh
Persian self-taught
in Roman characters with
English phonetic pronunciation
co
GOLD
SILVER?
Tooman t^jSRtk Tooman
COPPER
Sbabee Sbabee
PERSIAN COINS.
MARLBOROUQH'8 SELF-TAUGHT SERICS-NO. 22 PERSI AN.
<^jf<S.*
Persiaq Self-Taught
, (IN ROMAN CHARACTERS) "
^ n
WITH ENGLISH
PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
CONTAINING
THE ALPHABET, TRANSLITERATION & PRONUNCIATION;
OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR ;
CLASSIFIED VOCABULARIES AND CONVERSATIONS;
TRAVEL TALK, TRADE AND COMMERCE ;
PERSIAN HANDWRITING ;
THE NUMERALS, MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES;
&c., &c.
BY
SHAYK HASAN.
A O-
LONDON :
] E. MARLBOROUGH^ & Co., 51, OLD BAILEY, E.G.
7y 1909.
[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]
6235
LONDON :
MABLBOBOUGH, PEWTBESS & Co.,
2. OLD BAILEY, B.C.
(tn *
PEEPACE.
THIS volume is primarily intended to supply a working and
practical knowledge of the Persian language, for the benefit
of those who have not the time or the inclination to master
the grammar, and yet require to use the spoken tongue for
purposes of business or pleasure. With this object in view it
supplies many vocabularies of words carefully selected to suit the
needs of those holding communication with Persia and the
Persians, classified according to subject, and a large number
of colloquial phrases and sentences of a practical character,
s imilarly classified. Throughout these sections of the volume
the Persian words are given in the romanized form, and the
English phonetic pronunciation is added (in the third column)
in acccrdance with Marlborough's system of phonetics for which,
of course, the Publishers alone are responsible a system which
has grown out of long experience, and is of so simple a nature that,
by means of it, a stranger to the language, who knows English only,
can read off the words at a glance, and thus easily make himself
understood amongst Persian-speaking people. An outline of the
Grammar is added for the use of students of the language.
The work thus forms a useful and valuable handbook of Persian
for tourists and travellers, commercial men, naval and military
officers, students and others. We may add that the Persian
language is very sweet, and compared with other languages is
easy to master. It has a complete literature of its own. It is not
spoken in Persia alone, but in Afghanistan and many parts of
India, and is the official language of some of the courts of that
country. It is also used in Turkish Arabia (Baghdad), and by
educated people in Russian Turkestan.
The study of Persian is almost essential to one who wishes to
learn Hindustani and modern Turkish, as the former of these
contains about 40 per cent, and the latter about 25 per cent, of
Persian words.
SHAYKH HASAN.
Cambridge, 1909.
CONTENTS.
THE ALPHABET AND PBONUNOIATION, Pages 7 to 11 .
The Alphabet " ... 7
The Persi-Arabic Characters 8
Remarks on the Alphabet 10
The Romanized Characters, with Phonetic Pronunciation 11
PRELIMINARY NOTES 12
VOCABULARIES. Pages 13 to 52.
Animals, Vegetables, etc. ... .... 15 18
Animals, Birds and Fishes 15
Flowers, Fruits, Trees and Vegetables 17
Insects and Reptiles ... ... ... ... 16
Colours ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18
Commercial and Trading Terms ... ... ... ... 33
Correspondence ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 36
House and Furniture 28
Mankind; Relations ... ... ... 21
Human Body, The 22
Cooking and Eating Utensils 26
Dress and Dressing ... ... ... ... 26
Food, Drink and Smoking 24
Health 23
Numbers : Cardinal 38
Collective and Fractional ... ... ... 40
Ordinal 39
Parts of Speech. Pages 41 to 52.
Adjectives ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41
Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions ... ... ... 50
Verbs ... ... ... ... ... ... 44
Post-office, Telegraph and Telephone 37
Professions and Trades 30
Times and Seasons 18
The Persian Months 20
Town and Country 20
Travelling by Land 31
CONTENTS.
Travelling by Sea 32
Washing List 28
World and its Elements, The ... 13
Land and Water 13
Minerals and Metals ... ... ... ... 14
OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. Pages 53 to 64.
Adjectives 55
Adverbs ... 64
Conjunctions ... ... 64
Thelzafat 54
Noun 53
Prepositions ... ... ... 63
Pronouns : Personal, Possessive, Relative, Interrogative 56 59
The Verb 59
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES & SENTENCES. Pages 65 to 92.
Commercial and Trading ... ... 88 91
Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc. ... 82
Enquiries ... ... ... 70
Expressions, Useful and Necessary Idiomatic ... 65 69
Expressions of Emotion, etc 69
Health 80
In Town 84
Money-Changing 91
Notices ... 83
Post, Telegrams, etc 82
Shopping ... ... 86
Time, The 81
Travelling. Pages 71 to 80.
Arrival 74
Hotel, The 75
Meals 78
Railway, The 71
Steamboat, The 73
Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions ... 65 69
PERSIAN HANDWRITING 93
Specimen of Persian Handwriting (The Lord's Prayer) ... 94
The Lord's Prayer in Romanized Persian, with literal
translation ... 95
MONEY: Persian Coins ... ... ... ... 95
Equivalent Values English, American and Persian ... 96
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 96
POSTAL CHARGES ... 96
PERSIAN SELF-TAUGHT.
THE ALPHABET.
THE Persi-Arabic letters at first sight appear very be-
wildering to Europeans, and are a frequent cause of
stumbling to many who would find a knowledge of
the language of immense importance to them. It is to
meet this difficulty that the Romanized characters have
been adopted in this work.
Students who desire to study the wonderful literature
of the East at first hand, must, however, overcome this
initial difficulty, and to do this the best plan is to copy
each letter repeatedly, and with care, until it is fixed in
the memory, only two or three being dealt with at a time,
and not the whole alphabet. In this way one is surprised
how soon the characters in their various positions become
familiarized to the mind.
Having mastered the alphabet, the words given in the
vocabularies should next be learned, pronouncing the
phonetic aloud, and writing the word from memory in the
Persi-Arabic letters, which can then be corrected by
reference to the following tables. In this way the
rudiments of the language will be easily acquired.
The letters and sentences are written and read from
right to left, as in all the Semitic languages the Persi-
Arabic being one of these although it should always bo
borne in mind that the Persian language proper is not of
Semitic origin, but is akin to the old Sanskrit.
THE ALPHABET IN PERSI-ARABTC
WITH ROMAN CHARACTERS.
Letters marked with * are Arabic characters, and the words in which they
occur are Arabic.
XAAO-
5
Name.
Detached
Form.
Forms used in Combination.
Roman Characters.
(For Phonetic Pronuncia-
tion, see p. 11.)
Final.
Medial.
Initial.
alif
1
L
L
1
a
be
M
-
<
1
b
pe
v
*
A
I
P
1
te i
u.
**
-
)
t
;
ce
0*
*
-
J
s
*
jlm v
c
g
B
*
j (as j in jewel)
chlm
5
S
s.
t
ch (as c& in church)
he
C*
t
s.
-
h
5
khe
rial
^
t
A
kh (a guttural as-
pirate like ch in
the Scotch loch)
d
zal
i
i
A
i
z
ray
j
J
>r
J
r
zay
j
j
j-
J
z
i.'iy
J
*
*
^
j (as s in pleasure, or
j' i n French jardin)
Name.
Detached
Form.
Forms used in Combination.
Roman Characters.
(For Phonetic Pronuncia-
tion, see p. 11.)
Final.
Medial.
Initial.
8111
V
U-
~
ut
8
shin
U*
LT
A
A
Mkf
sh
sad
*
U
u^
41
-
8
zad
#
L>
*|
^
B
tay
J9
ia
fc
L
t
zay
jj>
Ja
k
^
1
ayn
p*
X
a
ghayn
fe
i
ul
X
fl
s
1
gh (as in g'oorf, very
guttural)
f
(J af
_ *
J
fl
9
q (very guttural)
kaf
d
el
5^
^
k
gaf
/
tT
f
^
g (as g in ambiguity)
lam
J
J
i
1
1
mlm
r
r
*
-
m
nun
u
c^
-
J
n
vav
J
j
1
J
V
hay
5 ft
...
^
Y*
h
yay
J> tf
v
*
i
y
1U
REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.
The Persian alphabet contains no vowels, properly so called.
The short vowel-sounds are indicated by (') zabarr, (J) zeerr,
( ) jnsh. The first is a short (a) as in at ; the second (zeerr)
short (e) as in effort; the third (jnsh) gives the short (u) sound
something like the sound of ou in should, or of u in the French
plume pronounced short : ex. I, * , I, pronounced respectively ma,
meh, men. When the long vowel-sound a, as in art, occurs at the
beginning of a word it is indicated by the sign (~) madd, placed
over I as in +*\ adam, 3 dmad, but elsewhere in a word it is
indicated simply by 1 as in .ili shad (glad). There is no sign in
Persian for the vowel (o) as in note, but (a) with (') zabarr,
followed by (v) is pronounced as (o) : ex. .j.l oder (paternal uncle),
isJjjjl orang (thi'one).
t^ (y) following any letter with (,) zeerr, is pronounced as
long I, i. e. as double ee in sheep : ex. u\j>\ eeran (Persia), ^~>*
deeshab (last night). There are two other signs, namely ( )
djazm, and ( - ) tashdeed. The first of these is placed over any
letter which is followed by no vowel-sound, as over \ in ^^J.
raftan (to go) ; the second doubles the letter over which it is
placed, as over <J iu ^Iju pronounced naq-qdsh (artist). These
vowel-signs are in fact never used in Persian writing, but
their omission causes no ambiguity, as any doubtful word is
determined by the context.
11
THE ROMANIZED CHARACTERS,
WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION.
PRONUNCIATION.
Phonetics
used.
Like the English a in at ... ... ...
As a long in art ... ... ... ...
Like ai in 'rain ... ... ... ...
As b in but ... ... ... ... ...
As ch in church ... ... ... ...
As in English ... ... ... ...
As e in egg ... ... ... ...
As fin friend ... ... ... ...
Like the y in ambiguity ... ... ...
Like the English g in good, very guttural ...
Aspirated, as in English ... ... ...
As i in bit ... ... ... ... ...
As ee in deed ... ... ... ... ...
As .;' in jam ... ... ... ... ...
As z in azure... ... ... ... ...
As k in keep ... ... ... ...
A guttural aspirate like ch in the Scotch loch
As in English ... ... ... ...
As in English
As in English
As o in hope ... ... ... ... ...
As in English ... ... ... ...
A deep guttural
As in English very ; always to be pronounced
A sibilant, as in sister
As in shine ... ... ... ... ...
As in tutor ... ... ... .. ...
Short, as on in should, or u in French plume
As oo in moon ... ... ... ...
As in English
As in you ... ... ... ... ...
As in zodiac ... ... ... ... ...
* Pronounce " eu " as one sound, and short.
12
PKELIMINARY NOTES.
Persian equivalents. It is necessary to point out that in the
third part of the book, "Conversational Phrases and Sentences,"
the Persian equivalents of the English phrases are given in the
second column, and not merely a translation of the English
words. How different the equivalent and the literal translation
may be is shown by the few instances where both are given.
(See p. 65.)
Pronunciation. The student will do well to master the
pronunciation at the outset. The use and value of each
phonetic sign adopted are shown on page 11, and should be
carefully noted.
Marlborough's system of phonetics is based on the principle
of one sign, one sound, and conversely, one sound, one sign.
The particular use of each English letter in representing the
sounds of the Persian characters should be learnt, and each
must always be pronounced in the same manner (one sign, one
sound).
To facilitate the correct pronunciation of the short vowels,
the words in the vocabularies have, to a great extent, been
divided up by hyphens, but these divisions do not always
correspond with the true syllables ; e.g., sadum, pronunciation
written " sad-eum " (properly " sa-deum ") ; neyah, pronunciation
written " neg-ah " (for " ne-gah ").
In such words as " daste man," where the letter e stands for
Izafat, it will be noticed that it is represented by i in the third
column (dast-i-man) to remind the reader that it is Izafat. Where
e does not stand for the Izafat it is denoted by " e " in the
the third column also.
The conjunction va (and) in such words as dast va pa (hand
and foot), rooz va shah (day and night), is pronounced eu in
conversation, like the French u in plume ; (dasteu-pa, roozeu-
shah).
In all questions the interrogative (dya) is inserted. In
conversation, however, it is often omitted, the question being
inferred from the inflexion of the voice.
VOCABULARIES.
The World and its Elements.
English.
(Jelidn va andscr-i-oo.)
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Air
havd
hav-a
cloud
abr
abr
cold
sard
sarrd
darkness
tdrlkl
ta-ree-kee
earth
kJiqki zamin
&/iak, zameen
east
sharq, mashreq
sharrq, mash-req
fire
dtash
a-tash
fog
meh
nieh
frost
sarmd, sard
sarr-ma, sarrd
heat
garni, garmd
garrm, garr-ma
light
roshan
ro-shan
lightning
barq
barrq
moon
mah
mah
north
shemdl
shem-al
rainbow
qos-i-qazah
qos-i-qaz-a
shade
say ah
sa-ya
sky
axeman
a-sem-an
south
janub
jan-oob
star
setdrah
se-ta-ra
storm
kiildk, tufdn
koo-lak, too -fan
sun
khurshld
Meurr-sheed
thaw
yalciuab, barfdb
yaM-ab, barrf-ab
thunder
ra'd
ra'd
weather
havd, db-va-havd
hav-a, a-beu-hav-a
west
gharb, maghreb
7/iarrb, ma^/t-reb
wind
bad
bad
world
jehdn, dnnyd
je-han, deun-ya
Land and Water. (Zamm va db.)
Bay
khallj [daryd
/r/ia-leej [darr-ya
beach
kandre daryd, labe
ka-na-ri darr-ya, lab-i
cape
damdghah
dama-.9/m
cliff
neshib, sardzlri
nesheeb, sa-ra-zee-ree
coast, shore
sdhel, kardn
sa-hel, ka-ran
hail
tayarg
ta-garrg
ice
yakh
y&kh
14
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
island
jazlrah
jaz-ee-ra
lake
darydchah
darr-ya-cha
land
zamln, khushki
za-meen, Meush-kee
mud
gel
gel
rain
bdrdn
ba-ran
river
rud, nahr
rood, nahrr
rock
sang, sakhrah
sang, sa&A-ra
sea
darya,
darr-ya
snow
barf
barrf
stream
juy
joo-y
tide
jazr-va-madd
jazr-eu-madd
water
db
ftb
waterfall
dbshdr, favvdrah
ab-shar, fav-va-ra
wave
moj
moj
Minerals and Metals. (Madden va flezzat.)
Brass
berenj
berrenj
bronze
mafragh, choddn
maf-ra^/i, cho-dan
cement
dhaJc, sdruj
a-hak, sa-rooj
clay
lajan, gel
laj-an, gel
coal
zughdle sang
zeu-#M-li sang
concrete
gaj, dhak
gaj, a-hak
copper
mes
mess
diamond
almas
al-mass
glass
shishah
shee-sha
gold
zar, teld
zarr, te-la
granite
sange sumdg
sang-i seu-maq
iron
dhan
a-han
, cast
dhane db shudah
a-han-i ab sheu-da
, wrought
dhane kuftah,muzdb
a-han-i koof-ta, meuzab
lead
surb
seurrb
lime
gaj, dhak
gaj, a-hak
marble
marmar
marr-marr
mercury
jlvali
jee-va
pearl
murvdrid
meurr-va-reed
silver
slm, nuqrah
seem, neuq-ra
slate
sange lohah
sang-i lo-ha
steel
fuldd, puldd
foo-lad, poo-lad
stone
sang
sang
tin
arziz
arr-zeez
zinc
ruy
roo-y
15
Animals, Birds and Fishes.
(Hayvanat, murqhdn va malwyan.)
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Animals
haivanat
hay-va-nat
bear
khers
Merrss
bull
gdve-nar
gavi-narr
calf
gusdlah
goo-sa-la
cat
gurbah
geurr-ba
cattle
chehdr-pd, davdbb
che-harr-pa, da-vabb
cow
mddah-gdv
ma-da-gav
dog
sag
sag
donkey
khar, uldgh
/c/tarr, eu-la#A
elephant
fit, pll
feel, peel
fox
i-ubdh
roo-bah
goat,
b_uz-
beuz
horse
asb
asb
lamb
barrah
barra
lion
shir
sheer
monkey
maimun
may-moon
mouse
mush
moosh
mule
astar, qdter
as-tarr, qa-terr
ox
gdv
gav
Pig
khuk
Mook
rat
mush, mushe-buzurg
moosh, moo-shi-beu-
seal
sag-mdhl
sag-ma-hee [zeurg
sheep, a
gusefand
goo-sef-and
tiger
babr
babr
turtle
Idk-pusht
lak-peusht
whale
nahang
na-hang
barking
vagh-vagh
\&gh-vagh
birds
murghdn
meurr^Aan
blackbird
sdr
sar
eagle
nasr, uqdb
nasr, eu-qab
lark
chakdvuk
chak-a-veuk
owl
bum, jughd
boom, jeu*/Ad
parrot
tutl
too -tee
sparrow
gunjushg
geun-jeushg
swallow
parastak, chelchelah
parras-tak, chel-chela
swan
ghti, qdz
^f^oo, qaz
fishes
mdheydn
ma-heyan
cod
mdheye qod
ma-hey-i qod
16
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
crab
kharchang
Marr-chang
eel
mdr-mdhl
marr-ma-hee
herring
shdh-mdhl
shah-nia-hee
lobster
kharchang
Marr-chang
oyster
yushe-mdhi
goosh-i-ma-hee
salmon
dzdd-mdhl
a-zad-ma-hee
sea- fish
waheye-daryd
ma-hey-i-darr-ya
trout
mdheye-qezel-dld
ma-hey-i-qezel-a-la
turbot
jaris
ja-reess
game
shekdr
shek-ar
grouse
seydh-sina
sey-ah-see-na
hare, rabbit
khargush
/r/iarr-goosh
partridge
kabk
kabk
pheasant
turang, tazarv
too-rang, ta-zarrv
snipe
nuk-derdz
neuk-de-raz
herd
tjallah, ramah
gal-lah, ra-mah
hoof
sum
seum
poultry
tuyur
teu-yoor
chicken
jujah
joo-ja
cock
khuriis
/cAeu-rooss
duck
murghdbl
meurr-#M-bee
goose
qdz
qaz
hen
murgh
meur^A
turkey
pll-murgh, buqala-
peel-meurr^r/i, boo-qala-
mun
moon
Insects and Reptiles. (Janavar va kerm.)
Ant
mur
moor
bee
zanbur
zanboor
beetle
khazuk
Mazook
butterfly
shdhparak
shahparak
caterpillar
sadpd
sadpa
flea
kaik
kayk
%
makas
makass
frog
ghuk
ghook
gnat
pashshah
pash-sha
grasshopper
malakh
mal-aM
insect
parandah, jdnavar
parranda, ja-navarr
lizard
susemdr
soo-sem-ar
mosquito
pashshah
pash-sha
silkworm
kerme-pllah
kerrm-i-peela
17
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
snail
halziin
halzoon
snake
mar
mar
spider
toad
wasp
worm
ankabut, kdrtanah
ghfik, qufbatjdft
zanbilr
ln'nn
ankaboot, karr-tan-a
(//took, qeur-baqa
zan-boor
kerrm
Flowers, Fruits, Trees and Vegetables.
(Gul, mwah, derakht va sabzi-dlat.)
(For Shopping, see page 86.)
Flowers
gulha
geulha
lily
swan, zanbaq
soo-san, zanbaq
rose
gttl, gule surkh
geul, geul-i seurkh
tulip
lalah
la-la
violet
banafshah
ban-af-sha
fruits
mlvah jdt
mee-va jat
apple
sib
seeb
apricot
zard-dlu, qaisl
zarrd-aloo, qay-see
cherry
gilds
gee- las
currants
zereshk
zerreshk
fig
anjlr^
anjeer
grapes
anqur
angoor
lemon
llmu
leernoo
lime
derahhte-llmu
derrafc/t-ti-leemoo
melon
kharbezah
/rAarr-bez-a
nut
funduq
feundeuq
orange
turunj
teu-reunj
peach
shqftdlu, fndu
shaftfdoo, heuloo
pear
guldbl
geulabee
pineapple
dndnds
a-na-nas
plum
alu, dluchah
aloo, aloo-cha
strawberry
tilte-ferangl
tooti-ferran gee
walnut
gerdu
gerrdoo
trees
derak/t tan
derraMtan
ash
zabS/n-gunjushg
zab-an-geun-jeushg
beech
alash
al-ash
birch
ghiisha
///(oo-sha
leaf
barg
b&rrg
oak
di'ra/ihte-balut
derraA7i-ti-baloot
palm
(li-raklite-kliunnd
derra/iVt-ti-A7teurr-ma
pine
deraklite-kaj
derraM-ti-kaj
vine
tdk, mail-
tak, mayv
Persian S.-T. C
18
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
vegetables
xabzi-dldt
sabxee-alat
asparagus
iiKlir/iulxi/i
mfir-chooba
beans
Ifiln-ija, bdqli
loo-beya, baqlee
beetroot
chughundur
cheu-r//(eun-deur
cabbage
kalam
kal-am
carrot
havlj
hav-eej
cauliflower
kalame nisi
kalaui-i roosee
celery
karafs
karrafs
cucumber ! kheyar
Mey-ar
lettuce
kdhu
ka-hoo
onion
ipeyQA
peyaz
peas (green)
mdsh
mash
potatoes
x//'/ '-'.(IHlllll
seebi-zani-ee-nee
' spinach
I'xfandj
es-fan-aj
tomato
bddcnjan-ferantjl
badenjiln-ferran-gee
turnip
shdl;/ lid in
shal-//Aaui
Colours. (Itang-hu.)
(For Shopping, Bee page 86.'
Black
seyah, nnixlun
seyah, raeush-gee
blue
abl
abee
brown
nlinrang
neeni-rang
crimson
xiirkh, Idkl
seur/c//, la-kee
dark (deep)
tirah, tuntl, xlr
teerah, teund, seer
green
tain
sab/-
grey
kh&hestari
A:/<a-kes-tarree
light (pale)
roahan
ro-shan
pink
gull
geulee
purple
(iri/liavdnt
arr-#Aav-anee
red
i[i'i nit>z, xurkh
qerr-mez, seur/c/i
scarlet
surkh
seur/c/t
violet
banafxh
ban-afsh
white
sefid
sef-eed
yellow
za nl
zarrd
Times and Seasons. (Ogat ra mosemhd.)
(For Conversations sse p. 81.)
Time
vaqt, hang dm
vaqt, han-gam
day
nlz
rooz
fortnight
dit-haftah, nimmdh
deu-haf-ta, neem-mah
hour
sdat
sa-at
minute
daqlqaJi
da-qee-qa
month
mdh
mah
19
English. Persian (romanizeil). Pronunciation.
quarter (3 mths.)
seh-mdhah
sem-a-ha
second
dam, sdneyah
dam, sa,-neya
week
haftah
haf-ta
year
SQiL
sal
day-time
vaqte-nlz
vaqti-rooz
afternoon
asr
asr
dawn
tuliie dfetdb, subh
teuloo-i afetab, seubh
evening
vaqte-ghuriib, masa,
vaqti-#/teu-roob, masa,
mid-day, noon
zuhr [sham
zeuhr [sham
midnight
nesfe-sliab
nessfi-shab
morning
subh, bdmuddd
seubh, bameudad
night
shab
shab
sunrise
tidue-dfetdb
teuloo-i -afetab
sunset
ghurube-afi'tdb
#/<,euroobi-afetab
holidays
ta'tU/td
ta'teel-ha
Christmas
molude-hazrate Isd
moloodi-hazrat-i eesa
Easter
Id
eed
Good Friday
jumahe-azlz
jeumah-i-azeez
days of the week
ruzhdye haftah
rooz-ha-yi hafta
Sunday
yekshanbah
yek-shanba
Monday
dushanbah
deu-shanba
Tuesday
sehshanbah
seshanba
Wednesday
chehdrshanbah
che-har-shanba
Thursday
panjshanbah
panj-shanba
Friday
jiimah, ddlnali
jeuma, adeena
Saturday
shanbah
shanba
months, the
mdhlia
mah -ha
January
jdnceyeh
san-vey-eh
February
fevreyeh
fev-rey-eh
March
mars
marss
April
dvrll
avreel
May
meh
meh
June
juan
aeu-an
July
jueyyeh
seu-ey-yeh
August
dghust
a-r//teust
September
septdmbr
septaiiibr'
October
oktobr
oktobr'
November
nuvdmbr
neuvambr'
December
Jesdinbr
dessambr'
seasons, the four
chehdr-fasl
che-har-fassl
spring
behdr
be-har
20
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
summer
tdbestdn
tabestan
autumn
palz
pa-eez
winter
zemastdn
zemas-tan
to-day
emr&z
emrooz
to-morrow
fardd
farrda
morning
fardd-sul/i
farrda-seubh
to-night
emshab
em-shah
twilight
shafaq
shaf-aq
yearly
sdleydnali
sa-leya-na
yesterdfj
dlruz
deerooz
The Persian Months.
Tb? Persian months are lunar, and therefore do not correspond wit!
those of European nations. The names of the months are :
Unabbreviated.
muharram-ul-hardm
safar-ul-muzaffar
ratn-ul-avval
rabl-us-sdnl
j amddey-al-avval
jamadey-as-sani
rajab-ul-marujjab
sha'ban-ul-muazzam
ramazan-ul-mubdrak
shavval-ul-mukarram
zel-qa'dat-ul-haram
zel-hajjat-ul-hardm
Colloquial (phonetic).
muhar-ram
saf-arr
rab-ee-eul-av-val
rab-ee-cns-sd-nce
juiii-d dey-al-av-val
jam-d dey-as-sd-nee
ra-jab
sha'bdn
ramazdn
shav-vdl
zel-qa'da
zel-hajja
The first day of Mtiharram-ul-hardm is the beginning of the year
Hejree (A.H. Anno Hegira), i.e., the Muhammadan era.
Town
Bridge
building (edifice)
bush
corn
country
ditch
farm
fence
field
footpath
forest
grass*
hay
Country. (Shahr va mulk.)
pill
amdrat
derakhte-ktichelf, bu-
yandum [tah
mamlakat
khandaq, god
keshtzdr, mazraah
sadd, hasdr, divarah
sahrd, keshtzdr
peyddah-ro, rdhe-
jangal [pey ddali
yeydh, alaf, sabzah
alafe-khushg
peul
amarat
derraM-ti-koo-chek,
gan-deum [boo-ta
mam-lak-at
/cAan-daq, god
kesht-zar, maz-ra-ah
sadd, ha-sar, dee-va-ra
sah-ra, kesht-zar
pey-a-da-ro, rah-i-pey-
j an -gal [a-da
gey-ah, al-af, sab-za
al-af-i-fe/ieushg
21
English. Persian (roinanized). Pronunciation.
hut
kulbah
keul-ba
inn
manzelgdh, kdrvdn-
man-zel-gah, kar-van-
lane
kuchah [sard
koo-cha [sa-ra
market
bazar
ba-zar
meadow
chaman
cham-an
mile
mil
meel
mill-wheel
charkhe-aseya
charr-AVd-a-sey-a
monument
-Ht'shdnah, yddegdr
nesha-na, ya-de-gar
palace
darbdr, qasr
darr-bar, qasr
police-station
eddrahe-nazmeyyah
ed-a-rah-i naz-mey-ya
prison
zenddn
zendan
river
rud
rood
road
rah, kActiah
rah, koo-cha
school
dab u stdn, maktab
da-beus-tan, mak-tab
shepherd
chiipdn, shabdn
choo-pan, sha-ban
shop
dukkdn
deuk-kan
street
kuchah
koo-cha
town
sha/tr
shahr
valley
darrah
darra
village
deh
deh
well, a
db-anbdr
ab-an-bar
wood, a janfjal
j an -gal
Mankind ; Relations. (Banec-ddam ; kheesh.)
Aunt (paternal)
anuiiah
am-ma
aunt (maternal)
khdlah
A;Aa-la
boy
pesar
pessarr
brother
bardiiar
barra-darr
, wife's
barddar-zan
barra-darr-zan
child [aunt)
bachchaJi, kudak
bach-cha, koo-dak
cousin (sou of pat.
pesar-ammah
pessarr-amma
(daughterof do.)
diikhtar-anunali
deu A7t - tarr-amrna
(son of mat. aunt)
pe*ctr-k/idlah
pessarr-AAa-la
(daughter of do.)
dukhtar-khdlah deuM-tarr-Wia-la
daughter
dukhtar deu/cA-tarr
daughter-in-law
arus
arrooss
family
zan- va-baclichah ,
zan-eu-bach-cha, At/ta-
father
pedar [khdneddnl ped-arr [ned-an
father-in-law
pedar-zan p^darr-zan
girl
dukhtar, dushlzah deuM-tarr, doo-shee-za
grand-daughter
navvddak ' nav-va-da
22
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
grandfather
bdbd, jadd
ba-ba, jadd
grandmother
jadilah
jad-da
grandson
navrddah
nav-va-da
husband
shohar
sho-harr
, sister's
khd/iar-shohar
/V7(a-haiT-sho-harr
man
mard
marrd
marriage
arfisl
arroo-see
mother
mddar
nia-darr
mother-in-law
mddar-zan
ma-darr-zan
nephew (
bard<tar-~d<h(Ji,
ba-ra-darr-za-da,
niece j
khaliar-zadah
/c/ta-harr-za-da
parents
pedar-va-mddar, ab-
ped-arr-eu-ma-darr, ab-
relations
klnxh, aqvdm [avain\ Meesh, aq-vam [avayn
sister (elder)
klidhare buzunj
/t/ia-harri beu-zeurg
(younger)
hlnllmre kilchek
/c/ta-harri koo-chek
, husband's
shohar-hhdhar
sho-harr-/c/<a-harr
, wife's
khdliar-zan
/i/ta-harr-zan
son
pesar, farzand
pessarr, farr-zand
son-in-law
ddmdd
damad
uncle (pat.)
amu, oder
amoo, o-derr
(mat.)
ddi, khdlu
da-ee, /c/ta-loo
widow
blvah
bee-va
widower
zan-murdah, bira/t.
zan-meurr-da, bee-va
wife
zan, aydl
zan, a-yal
woman
zan
zan
The Human Body. (Veujood-i-ensame.)
(For Sentences on "Health" see p. 80.)
Ankle
ffh uzak
#Aoo-zak
arm
bazu
ba-zoo
back
pusht, kamar
peusht, kamarr
beard
risk
reesh
body
tan, badan, viijild
tan, badan, veu-jood
bone
ustnkhdn
eus-teu-Man
bowel
rudah
roo-da
brain
maghz, damdgli
ra&ghz, dama/jf/t
breast, chest
slnah
see-na
chin
chdnah
cha-na
ear
gush
goosh
elbow
drenj
a-renj
eye
cJiashm, dldaJi
chashm, dee-da
face
ril, chehrah
roo, cheh-ra
28
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation
finger
anffutht
an-geusht
foot
pa
pa
hair
zuij, u~ix a
zeulf, gee-soo
hand
dast
dast
head
sar
sari-
heart
del
del
knee
zdnu
za-noo
leg
lenr/
leng
limbs
a'zd
a'za
lip
lab
lab
liver
jegar
jeg-arr
lungs
shush
sheush
moustache
sebil
se-beel
mouth
da Ji an
da-han
neck
gardan
garr-dan
nose
blnl, daindgh
bee-nee, dara-a///i
shoulder
shdnah
sha-na
side
pahlil
pah -loo
skin
pilst
poost
stomach
s/tekam
shek-am
throat
galil
gal oo
thumb
sliast
shast
toe
angushte-pd
an-geush-ti-pa
tongue
zabdn zab-an
tooth
danddn
dan-dan
wrist
bande-dast
ban-di-dast
Health. (Tan-dcurcustee, Sahhat.)
(For Conversations, see p. 8(1.)
Ambulance
kkastah-khanahe- . A7tasta-Ma-nah-i-saf-
safarl
arree
bandage
dastindle-niarliatn dast-mri-li-marr-ham
bite
gazldayi, gazcxh gaz-ee-dag-ee, gaz-esh
blind
kfir koor
bruise
kuftagl, k/uista(/l koof-tag-ee, A;Aas-tag-ee
burn
sukhtarii sooA'A-tag-ee
chemist
attdrl, (lavd-khdiiah at-ta-ree, da-va-/f/ta-na
chill, cold
xtinnd, chdysh
sarr-ma, cha-ish
corns
plnah, naxur
pee-na, na-soor
cough
surfah
seur-fa
cure, to
xhafa-ydftan
shaf-a-yfif-tan
dentist
iluitildn-sdz ) dan-dan-saz
24
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
diarrhoea
eshdl
ess-hill
disease, illness
ndkhuslil
na-/>7teu-shee
doctor
hakim
hak eem
doctor's fee
haqqulqadanie hah-
haq-qeul-qad-am-i
hak-
faint, to
ghash-hardan \lm
(//tash-karr-dan
[eem
fever
tab
tab
fracture
shekastaijl
shek-as-tag-ee
gout
neqres
neq-ress
headache
darde sar
darr-di sarr
hospital
manz-hhdnah
mareez-/cAa-na
ill, sick
ndkhush, bimdr
na-Meush, bee-mar
indigestion
sue-hazm
soo-i-hazm
inflammation
eltehdb
el-te-hab
medicine
danndn, davd
darr-man, dav-a
ointment
marham
marr-harn
pain
dard
darrd
pill
hab
hab
poison
zahr
zahr
poultice
zamdd
zam-ad
prescription
nuskhah
neus-/cAa
scald
sukhtagl
soo/c/i-tag-ee
sea-sickness
ndkhushye-daryd
na-A;Aeushy-i-darr-ya
sore throat
darde-galu
darr-di-gal-oo
sprain
plchesh, dard
pee-chesh, darrd
tonic
ma'jun
ma'joon
wound zakhm ' /a/r/an
Food, Drink and Smoking.
(Kheurdan, noosheedan va deukhan.)
(See also Vocabularies, pp. 15 to 18, and Conversations, p. "S.j
Bottle
shlshah, butrl \ sheesha, beutree
bread ; , brown
nan ; ndne-jo
nan ; nani-jo
breakfast
chdle subh
cha-ee-i seubh
butter
karah
karra
cake
kumdj
keumaj
cheese
panir
paneer
cream
sarshlr
sarr-sheer
dinner
shdm
sham
drink
nushldan
noo-shee-dan
beer
dbe-jo
abi-jo
chocolate shokoldt , shokolat
25
English. 1'ersiau (romanized). Pronunciation.
coffee
qalicah
qahva
lemonade
limondd
leemonad
milk
shir
sheer
soda-water
abe ma'dan, abe
abi ma'dan, abiqal-ya-
tea
chdl [qalydbi cha-ee [bee
water
db
ab
wine
shardb
sharrab
egg
tukhme-murgh
teu/iA-mi-meurr^r/i
flour
drd
arrd
jam
murabbd
meurab-ba
meat
gusht
goosht
beef
gushte-gdv
goosh-ti-gav
beefsteak
kabdbe-gdv
kaba-bi-gav
fat
shaft m, roghan
shahm, ro-^/tan
lamb
ffftshte-barrah
goosh-ti-barra
lean
gushte-bl-roghan,
goosh-ti-bee-rog'/tan,
mdhlchah
ma-hee-cha
mutton
gushte-gusefand
goosh - ti-goosef - and
pork, bacon, ham
gushte-khUk
goosh-ti-/c/took
sausage
maveyah
mav-eya
veal
gushte-f/usdla/i
goosh ti-goosala
mustard
khardal
Marr-dal
oil
roghane-zaitun
ro-/7/mn-i-zaytoon
onion
peyaz
peyaz
pepper
felfel
felfel
pudding
shlrlnl, halvd
shee-reenee, hal-va
rice
berenj
berrenj
rice pudding
shlr-berenj
sheer-berrenj
salad
sdldt
salat
salt
namak
namak
smoking
dukhdn
deu-Man
cigar
slgare-barg
seegari-barrg
cigarette
slgar
seegar
matches
kebrlt
keb-reefe
pipe
chubuq cheu-beuq
tobacco
tanbdku, tutun tanbakoo, teuteun
soup
dsh, dbe-gusht ash, abi-goosht
sugar
shakar, qand shak-arr, qand
supper
sham- sham
vegetable
sabzl-aldt
sabzee-alat
vinegar
serkah
serr-ka
26
Cooking and Bating Utensils.
English.
(Zcuroof-i-fabkh va team.)
(For Shopping, see p. 80.)
Persian (roinauized). Pronunciation.
Basin
kdsah
kasa
coffee pot
qalivah-jush
qahva-joosh
corkscrew
shfahah-gushd
shee-sha-geusha
cruet-stand
namakddn
naniak-dan
cup
J'cnjdn, estekdn
fen-jan, estek-an
decanter
tunk
teunk
dish
dori
doree
fork
changdl
chan-gal
frying-pan
tar ah
tava
glass, tumbler
</llas, jdni, qadah
gee-lass, jam, qada
kettle
ketri
ket-ree
knife
kdrd, chdqii
karrd, cha-qoo
oven
kurah, ujdq
koo-ra, eu-jaq
plate
biishqdb
beush-qab
saucepan, pot
dlk
deek
saucer
na'lbakt
na'1-bakee
serviette
2~>lsh-glr
peesh-geer
spoon
qdshuq
qa-sheuq
, table-
qdshuqe-buzurg
q<a-sheuqi-beu-zeurg
, tea-
qdshuqe-chdl
qa-sheuqi-cha-ee
table-cloth
ruye-mlz
roo-yi-meez
teapot
chdiddn, qilrl
cha-ee-dan, qoo-ree
tray
slnl
see-nee
wine-glass
glldse-shardb
geelasi-sharrab
DreSS and Dressing. (Rakht va rakht-poosJwe.)
(See also Washing List, following, and Shopping, p. 86.)
Bath
hamttidm
ham -mam
boots, shoes
kafsh
kafsh
braces
shalvar-band
shal-var-band
brush
mdhut-pdkkun
mfi hool>pak-keun
b vickle
sayak
sagak
button
dukmali
deuk-ma
cap
ktddh
keulah
cloak
aba, kherqah
aba, AVterrqa
coat
kulajaJi, sarddrl,
keu-laja, sarr-da-ree,
comb
shdnah [jdket
shana [ja-ket
27
Kntflish.
Persian (romaiiized).
Pronunciation.
dress materials
cloth
cotton
flannel, -ette
lace
linen
muslin
silk
velvet
wool
dress (lady's)
dressing-gown
evening dress
gaiter
garters
gloves
hairpin
hat
jewellery
bracelet
brooch
ring
neck -tie
needle
overcoat
parasol
pins
pocket
purse
rain-coat (waterpr.)
razor
sandals
scissors
sewing cotton
skirt
soap
spectacles
tape
thimble
tooth-brush
pdrchah, qumash
<-lit'lrari, chit
fandlli/n/t
ghaitdn, bdftah [tdn
zlrjdmah, rakht, ka-
walinal, tanzlb
abrlshuin, atlas
iiiii/c/nnal
pax/mi
rakhte, zandnah
sandilq- (or rakht-]
khdnah
lebdse-shab
pdtdbah
banilc-jilrdb
dastktuh
glsband
kuldh, shdbqalt
javdher, -dldt
dast-baml
</it/, ijule-slnah
angushtar
t/ardan-band
xtl:<tn,
sai'ddi'l, aba
dftdb-yarddn
sanjdq
jib
kif
niushamma 1 , bdrdnl
tlgh
pdpush, sarpdl
meqrdz, qaic/tl
nakh, khaijdtah
ll (III Kill
sdbun
ainalt
bdftah
angitshtdnah
danddn-shur
qeumash
parcha, qeumash
chel-varee, cheet
fan-a-lee-ya
///taytiin, bafta
zeerjama, raMt, kat-an
malnial, tanzeeb
abreesheum, atlas
ma/c/i-mal
pashm
ra/c/t-ti-zanana
sandooq-/c/jana, raMt-
/.-//ana
leb-a-si-shab
pataba
ban-di-joo-rab
dast-kash
geess-band
keu-l&h, shab-qa
jav-a-herr, -alat
dast-band
geul, geuli-seena
an-geush-tarr
garr-dan-band
soozan
sarr-daree, a-ba
aftab-garr dan
sanjaq
jeeb
keef
meu-shani-ma', baranee
ieegh
pa-poosh, sarr-paee
nieq-raz, qay-chee
naA7/., 7.7m-yata
daman
saboon
aynak
baf-ta
angeush-tana
dan-dan-shoor
English.
towel
trousers
umbrella
watch
28
Persian (romanized). Pron
holl
shalvdr
chatr
sdat
ho-lee
shal-var
chatr
sa-at
Washing List. (Fehrest-i-rakht.)
Aprons, pinafores
bath- (dressing-)
blankets [gowns
bodices
caps
chemises
collars, lace
, linen
coverlets
cuffs
drawers, pairs of
dresses, gowns
flannel waistcoats
neckties
night-shirts,-dresses
petticoats
pillow-cases
pocket-handker-
serviettes [chiefs
sheets
shirts
pyjamas (suits)
socks, pairs of
stockings, pairs of
table-cloths'
towels
under- vests
plshglr, holl
rakhtc hammdni
patu
slnah-band
kuldh
plrdhan, qamu
yaqahe-zandnah
yaqahe-ferangi
lehdf
dstin, sare-dstin
zlrjdwah, shalvdr
festdn
jerlqah, fandllyah
gardan-band
rakhte-shab
festdn, zlrjdmah
ruye-bdlesh
dastmdl
plshyir
shamad
plrdhane-ferangl
rakhte-shab
jurdb, yekjuftjurdb
jiirdbe zandnah
ruye mtz
holl, dastmdl
pirdhan
peesh-geer, ho-lee
ra^A-ti-ham-mam
patoo
seenah-band
keulah
peera-han, qam-eess
ya-qa-i-zaniiua
ya-qa-i-ferran-gee
le-hfif
asteen, sarri-asteen
zeer-jama, shal-var
festan
jerreeqa, faua-leeya
garr-dan-band
ra/r/j-ti-shab
fes-tan, zeer-jama
roo-yi-balesh
dastmal
peesh-geer
sham-ad
peera-han-i-ferrangee
ra/c/i-ti-shab
joorab, yek jeuft joorab
joorabi zanana
roo-yi meez
ho-lee, dast-mal
peera-han
House atld Furniture. (Khanah va meukhallafdt.)
Arm-chair
basket
bed
bedroom
bell
(For Shopping see p. 86.)
sandali, kursi
sabad, zanbll
rakhte-khdb, bastar
utdqe-khdb
zang
sanda-lee, keurr-see
sabad, zan-beel
ra/c/i-ti-Mab, bastarr
eutaqi-/i://ab
zang
29
English. Persian (romaiiized). Prouunciatlon.
blind
/mrdah
parr-da
book-case
ketdb-khdnah
ket-ab-Mana
box
sanduq
sandooq
broom
jdrilb
jaroob
candle
shame 1
sham-e'
candlestick
shame'ddn
sham-e'dan
carpet
fars/t, qdll
farrsh, qalee
ceiling
saqf
saqf
cellar
waklizan
maM-zan
chair
sandall
sandalee
chest of drawers
sandiiqe-rakht
sandooqi-raMt
chimney
bukhdrl, dud leash
beu-Maree, dood-kash
clock
sdat, sdate-divdr
sa-at, sa-at-i-deevar
coal
zuykdle sany
zeu-<7/mli sang
counterpane
lehdf
le-haf
cupboard
darganjah
darr-ganja
curtains
par d ah
parr-da
cushion
mul;liadilah, bdlesh
meu-Mad-da, balesh
dining-room
sufrah \;hanah
seufra /f/mna
door
dar
darr
drawing-room
tdldr
talar
electric light
cherdghe barq
cherra^r/t-i barrq
fender
plslie-bukhdri
peesh-i-beu-A-Mree
floor
martabah
marr-tabba
garden
bdf/h biigh
gas-light
cherdt/lu' i/fr. \ chera^/t-i-gaz
grate (fire) ' manqal
man-qal
key
kalld
kaleed
kitchen
matbahh mat-ba/c/t
lamp
lam pa lampa
larder
darganjah
darr-ganja
library
ketdb-khdnah
ket-ab-/r/mna
lock
qufl
qeufl
looking-glass
dyenali
a-yen-a
matches
kebrlt
keb-reet
passage
rdhro, d alii ii
rahro, dalan
piano
peydno
peya-no
picture
shald, siirat
shakl, soorat
poker
dtashlcash
a-tash-kash
roof
bdm, pushte bdm
bam, peush-ti biim
room
ntdq
eutaq
80
English. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
seat
nimtakht
neem-tafc/jt
shovel
khd/c-axildz
/f/<ak-an-daz
sideboard
dfddlt
doo-lab
staircase
ma 1 jar
ma'-jarr
stairs
pellah
pel-la
table
mlz
meez
table-cloth
ruye-mlz
rooy-i-meez
tiles
sufdl
seu-fal
tongs
anbnr
an-beurr
verandah
ghuldm-gdrdesh,
(///eulam-garrdesh, ay-
wall
tltrar [aivdn deevar [van
wardrobe
Mnd&g-khdnah
sandooq-/i//ana
window
panjarah
pan-jarra
water-closet (w.c.) ' khald, dbriz /rAa-la, abreez
ProfcSSioiVSi Trades, etc. (Sanaye', kasb va ghayreli.)
(For Shopping see p. 86 )
Actor
bdzjyar
bazeegarr
actress
bdzigar (zan)
bazeegarr (zan)
architect
me'mar
me'-rnar
artist
naqqdsh
naqqash
baker
ndncd
nanva
barber, hairdresser
dalldk
dal-lak
bookseller
ketdb furfts/i
ket-ab feu-roosh
butcher
qassdb
qas-sab
carpenter
najjdr
naj-jar
chemist
dard funl.sk, attdr
dav-a-feuroosh, at-tar
confectioner
qannadl
qannadee
cook
ashpaz
ashpaz
dentist
danddn-saz
dandan-saz
doctor
hakim
hak-eem
farmer
barzer/ar, zdre'
barr-zeg-arr, za-re (
fisherman
sayt/dd, mdhlgir
say-yad, ma-hee-geer
fishmonger
mdhlftirush
ma-hee-feuroosh
florist
gidfnrush
geul-feuroosh
governess
mudlrah
meudeera
greengrocer
sabzl-fnn'ish
sabzee-feuroosh
hatter kuldh-furush
keulah-feuroosh
jeweller 1 jamher-furfish
java-herr-feuroosh
lawyer vakil
vakeel
maid-servant
kid/at
keulfat
messenger
qdsed
qased
81
KiiKlish. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
tnoney -changer
tarrdff
siirraf
nurse (female)
ilili/alt.
<la \a
optician
ainak-furftth
aynak-feuroosh
photographer
a kit as
ak-kiis
physician
i <t hih, ltd/dm
tabeeb, hak-eem
policeman
polls
polees
porter (light)
liduiindl
liammal
printer
tdbe 1
ta-be'
servant
nokar
no-karr
shoemaker
kqfshdtiz
kafsh-dooz
singer
l;/i/ln<tn<la/i
/i/mnand
student
talahah, nkdiierd
talaba, shagerrd
surgeon
ja rrdh
jar rah
surveyor
ndzer, xarhar
nazerr, sarrkar
tailor
khaiydt
A7my-yat
teacher [keeper
muallcin
meu-al-lem
tradesman, shop-
kdseb, tdjer
kaseb, ta-jerr
Avatchmaker
saatiaz
sa-at-saz
Travelling by Land. (Safar-i-kluushkee.)
(For Conversations see p. 71.)
Arrival
arrive, to
bag
bill
box, trunk
bridge
bridle
cabman
carriage
coach
coachman
cushion
depart, to
departure
engine
expenses
fare (charge)
guard
guide
hat-box
rand
rasldan
klfe-dastl
hesdb
sandilq, ydkliddn
eagalah, pul, kancir
dahnali, jelo
hdleskah, durushyah
<trr<~tilah
arrddahcJil
bdles/i, mnkliadtlalt
raftan, liarakat-ha r-
azimatjiamkat [dan
mashln
kharj, masraf
kerayah
pdsebdn
ilal'iJ, rahbar
qiitye-knldh
ra-seed
ra-seedan
keef-i-dastee
hessab
sandooq, ya/c/tdan
ess-galla, peul, kanar
dahna, jel-o
kfi-leska-chee
ka-leska, deu-reush-ga
arrada
arrada-chee
balesh, meu-A-Aadda
raftan, harakat-karrdan
azeemat, harakat
ma-sheen
/f/mrrj, massraf
kerra-ya
paseb-an
daleel, rahbarr
qoo-ty-i-keulah
82
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
1
hotel
mehmdnkhdnah, ho-
meh-inan-Mana, hotel
interpreter
tarjumdn [tel
tarr-jeuman
key
kalld
kaleed
landlady
sdhebahe-khdnah
sa-heb-a-i-Mana
landlord
sdheb-khdnah
sa-heb-Mana
lavatory
khald, dbriz
Mala, abreez
lock
qufl
qeufl
luggage
ashyde 1 , asbdb
ash-ya-e', ass-bab
office
hujrah, eddrah
heuj-ra, ed-ara
payment
ta'deyah, add
ta'deya, ada
porter
darbdn
darrban
railway
rdhe-dhan
rah-i-a-han
carriage
utdq, vdgnn
eutaq, vagon
- station
gar, estdseyon
gar, estaseyon
receipt
qabz
qabz
reins
jelo, andn
jel-o, anan
strap
bande-klf
bandi-keef
ticket
belli
bel-eet
tourist
saiydh
say-yah
train (railway)
utdq, vagon
eutaq, vagon
waiter
nokar
no-karr
waiting-room
utdqe-entezdr
eutaqi-entez-ar
whip
shalldq
shal-laq
Travelling by Sea. (Safar-i-darya.)
(For Conversations see p, 78.)
Anchor
langar
lan-garr
berth, cabin
utdq
eutaq
(in a harbour)
langargah
lan-garr-gah
boat (ship)
kashtl
kashtee
bow
sare kashtl
sarri-kashtee
captain
ndkhudd, cdpitdn
na-Meuda, capeetan
compass
qutb, qeblah-nemd
qeutb, qebla-nem-a
crew
rnalldh
mallah
custom-house offi-
gumrukchi
geuni-reuk-chee
deck [cer
sathae-kashti
sat-ha-i-kashtee
flag
bairaq, alam
bayraq, alam
helm, rudder
sukkdn
seuk-kan
landing-stage, pier
esgalah, sdhel
ess-galla, sa-hel
lifebuoy
ru-dbl \nu*
roo-abee
lighthouse
cherdgh, fandr, fd-
cherra^/t, fanar, fanoos
88
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
mast
dakal
dakal
oar
pdru
paroo
pilot
dalll
daleel
port, harbour
bandar
ban-darr
porthole
panjarah
pan-jara
- for gun
panjarake tub
panjara-i toob
rope
tanab
tanab
sail
bddbdn
bad -ban
seaman, sailor
nialldh
mallah
sea-sickness
ndkhusheye-daryd
nfi-/i7ieu-shey-i-darr-ya
ship
kashti, jehdz
kashtee, je-haz
steamboat
kashtye-bukhdr
kasht-yi-beu-Ar/jar
steersman
sukkdnchi
seuk-kan-chee
stern
tahe-kashtl
tah-i-kashtee
steward
mubdsher, qahvahchi
meubasherr, qahvachee
voyage
safare-daryd
safarri-darr-ya
Commercial and Trading Terms.
(Estelahat-i-tejaratee va kasb.)
(For Conversations see pp. 88 to 91.)
Account
hesdb
hessab
, current
liesdbe-jdrl
hessabi-jaree
, joint
h esdbe-mush tar a k
hessabi-meushtarak
of sale
hesdbe furush
hessabi feuroosh
, to close an
hesdb -mafruyli-
hessab-mafroo^A - karr-
kardan
dan
, to settle an
hesdb parddkhtan
hessab parr-daM-tan
acknowledgment
qabz, sanad
qabz, sanad
advance (of money)
naqd
naqd
advice, letter of
akhbdr ndmah
aA;A-bar nama
agency
vekdlat-khdnah
vek-ulat-Mana
apprentice
shdgerd
sha-gerrd
arrangement
qardr
qarar
arrears
bdql, tatemmah
baqee, tatemma
assets
amvdl, ddrdl
amval, dara-ee
authorize, to
havdlah-kardan
havala-karrdan
average
ruye-ham-raftah
rooy-i-ham-rafta
balance(remainder)
tatemmah
tatemma
balance-sheet
Kiirate hesdb
soorat-i hessab
bank
bank
bank
bankrupt, a
var-shehastah
varr-shekasta
Persian S.-T.
84
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
bearer
hdmel
hamel
bill (account)
hesdb
hessab
of exchange
barat
barat
of lading
surate-ashyde'
soorat-i-ash-yae'
bond, in
muqayyad
meu-qay-yad
bonded goods
mdle-muqayyad-dar-
mali-meuqayyad-darr-
gumruk
geumreuk
book-keeper
daftar-ddr [llyah
daftarr-dar [lee-ya
brokerage
ujrate dalldll, dalld-
euj-rat-i dallalee, dalla-
business
Jcdr, ddd-va-setad
kar, dad-eu-set-ad
buyer
kharlddr
/r/tareedar
cargo
mdl, ashyde', matae'
mal, ash-yae', matae'
carriage (freight)
gdrl
garee
cartage
kerdyahe-arrddah
kerra-y a- i -arrada
catalogue
f eh rest
feh-rest
charter a ship, to
kashtl kerdyah-kar-
kashtee kerra-ya-karr-
claim
talab [dan
talab [dan
clerk (customs)
rtnrzd
meerza
commercial travel-
tdjere-saiydr
ta-jerri-sayyar
company [ler
sherkat, kompdni
sherr-kat, kompanee '
complaint
da'vd, shekdyat
da'va, shek-a-yat
contract, a
muqdvelah
meuqa-vel-a
cost, insurance and kharje-kerdyah-va-
A-Aarrj -i-kerra-ya-eu-
freight (c.i.f.)
bimah
beema
credit balance
tatemmahe hesdb
tatemma-i hessab
creditor
talabkdr
talabkar
customs duties
gumruk, bdj [zeydn
geum-reuk, baj
damage
zarar, khasdrat,
zararr, Masarat, zeyan
damages, to claim
mutdlebahe zarar
nieutaleb-a-i zararr-
date, at 3 months'
se-mdhah [kardan
sem-a-ha [karrdan
debit and credit
qarz-va-talab
qarrzeu-talab
debtor
qarzddr, maqriiz
qarrz-dar, maqrooz
deed
sanad
sanad
deliver, to
taslim-kardan
tass-leem-karrdan
delivered free
bl-kerdyah taslwi
bee-kerra-ya tassleem
demurrage
kerdyahe kashti, ar-
kerra-ya-i kashtee, arr-
director
ralss, mudir [zlyah
ra-eess, meudeer [zeeya
discount ; to
tanzil ; kardan
tanzeel; tanzeel karrdau
dividend
hessah, bahrah
hessa, bahra
dock and harbour
kerdyahe anbdr va
kerra-ya-i anbar eu
dues
esgdlah
ess-gala
85
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
drawer (of bill)
tamassiik dahandah
tamasseuk da-handa
duty, export
gumruke-khur&j
geurn-reuki-/t7<eurooj
-free
bl-gumruk
bee-geum-reuk
--, import gumruke vunld
geum-reu-ki veurood
, liable to gumruk-ddr
geum-reuk-dar
enclosed, enclosure malfuf
mal-foof
endorse, to emza-kardan
em-za-karrdan
endorsement emzd, puslit-qabz
emza, peusht-qabz
exchange of money sarrdf-khdnah
sarraf-Mana
factory kdr-khdnah
kar-Mana
firm, the sherkat
sherrkat
forwarding hand, emdl hainl, err-sal
forwarding agent haml-va-naqlchl haml-eu-naql-chee
gross weight
jam'e-vazn jjam'-i-vazn
guarantee, a
zamdnat [qabz
zamanat
I.O.U. tamassiik, sanad,
tamasseuk, sanad, qabz
imports ; exports vdreddt ; sdderdt
va-red-at ; sa-derrat
income maddkhd
mada-Mel
information khabar, ettelde 1
/c/iabarr, et-tel-ae'
insurance blmah
beema
broker dalldle blmah
dallali beema
company kompdnle blmah
kompanee-i beema
- policy
bimah-ndmah
beema-nama
premium
ujrate blmah euj-rat-i beema
- draft
qabze blmah qab-zi beema
, telegraphic
bimalie tclgerdfi beema-i tel-gerrafee
insure (against), to
blmah-kardan beema-karrdan
interest
tanzll
tanzeel
lease
ejdrah
ej -ara
leaseholder
musta'jer
meus-ta'jerr
letter of credit
zamdnat-ndmah
zamanat-nama
liabilities
masullyat
massoolee-yat
load, to
haml-kardan
haml-karrdan
loss
zarar
zarrarr
manager
sarkdr, mubdsher
sarrkar, meu-basherr
market
bazar
bazar
, foreign
qaimate-khdrejah
qaymat-i-W/a-rej-a
, home
qaimate-ddkhelah
qaymat-i-da-/c/iel-a
day
nerkhe-nl~
nerr/.7t-i-rooz
dues
ejdrahe-bdzdr
ej-ara-i-bazar
price
nerkhe-bdzdr
nerrM-i-bazar
D*
English.
36
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
negotiable, saleable
order (for goods)
packing
partnership
payable
per cent., 10
percentage
price
, net
, wholesale
price-list
property
quotation (of price)
ready money
receipt
rent
representative
retail
salesman, seller
sell, to
settling day
share
shareholder
ship, to
shipping charges
- house
solvent
stock
stockbroker
trade (in general)
underwriter
warehouse
wharf
wharfage
wholesale
mdle-furush
tahvil-ndmah
bar bandi, bdrbastan
skardkat
dddani, add-shuda-
sadl-dah [nl
dar-sad
qaimat, nerJch
bi-tanzil
qaimate yekjd
fehreste-qaimat
mulk, mdl, ddrdl
zekre qaimat
piile-naqd
rasld, qabze-rasid
kerdyah
vakil
kliurdah-furush
furuxhandah
furush-kardan
riize-va'dah
liesdb, sahm, qesm,a
sharlk, xahlm
hamle-kashti-kardar
Jcerdyahe kashti
bdr-kanandah
mu'tabar, muqtadei
sarmdycih, naqd
dalldle-bardt
ddd-va-setad, tejdra
zdmen
anbdr
bandar
kharje-bandar
mal-i-feu-roosh
tahveel-nama
bar bandee, bar bastan
sbarakat
dadanee, ada-sheudanee
sadee-da
darr-sad
qaymat, nerr/c/t
bee-tanzeel
qaymat-i yek-ja
feh-rest-i-qaymat
meulk, mal, dara-ee
zekr-i qaymat
pooli-naqd
rasseed, qab-zi-rasseed
kerra-ya
vak-eel
/i/teurr-da-feu-roosh
feu-roo-shanda
fen-roosh-karrdan
roozi-va'da
hessab, sahm, qessmat
sharreek, saheem
haml-i-kashtee-karrdan
kerra-ya-i kashtee
bav-keu-nanda [derr
meu'tab-arr, meuq-ta-
sarr-ma-ya, naqd
dallali-barat
da-deu-set-ad, tej-arat
zamen
an -bar
bandarr
Marr-ji-bandarr
yek-ja-feu-rooshee
yekja-furushi
Correspondence. (Meukhaberah.)
(For Conversations see p. 82.)
Address envdn, adras [dan envan, ad-rass
address, to neveshtan, ferestd-
blotting-paper kdf/haze-dbkash
date tarikh
[dan
nev-esh-tan, ferresta-
ka-gf/taz-i-abkash
taree/c/i
87
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
envelope
pa/cat
pakat
ink
murahkab
meu-rak-kab
inkstand
davdt
dav-at
letter, note
kdghaz, ndmali
kti-/7/iaz, nama
letter-box
sanduqe pust
sandoo-qi peust
note-paper
kdghaz
k&-(jha,z
, sheet of
varaq
varraq
pen (nib)
sare-(oi:noke-)qalani
sarri-(no-ki-)qalam
, fountain-
qalam-feranyi
qal-am-ferran-gee
penholder
dastahe-qalam
das-ta-i-qal-am
pencil
ineddd
medad
penknife
qalamtardsh
qal-am-tarrash
seal
muhr
meuhrr
sealing-wax
Idk
lak
signature
emzd, tasdlq
emza, tas-deeq
write, to
neveshtan
nev-esh-tan
writing
nevlsandagl
nev-ee-san-dag-ee
writing-desk
mize-ketdbat
meezi-ket-abat
Post-office, Telegraph and Telephone.
(Peust-khdnah, telgerdf va telefon.)
(For Conversations see p. S2.)
Book post
puste-amdnat
peust-i-am-anat
destination
ma hall
ma-hall
excess postage
ezdfahe pttxt
ez-a-fa-i peust
letter post
pust
peust
money order
bardte-pust
barrat-i-peust
newspaper wrapper
laffdfah
laf-fafa
number of order
nnmrahe bardt
neum-ra-i barat
parcel post
pmte-amdnat
peust-i-am-anat
postage stamp
tambre pust
tambr-i peust
post-card
varaqahe pustl
varraqa-i peustee
poste restante
tavassute pustkhd-
tavasseu-ti peust-A-/ana
postman
chdpdr [nah
chapar
post-office
chdpdr khdnah
chapar /c/iana
post-paid
ujrate-pust-dddah-
euj-rat-i-peust-dada-
shuda
sheuda
prepay, to
plshakl dddan
peeshak-ee dadan
register, to
sefdreshl-ka rdan
sefa-reshee-karrdan
registered letter
kdyhaze sefareshl
k;"i-///taz-i sefa-resh-ee
registration fee
ujrate-sefdreshi
euj -rat-i-sefa reshee
reply paid
ujrate-ja vdb-dddah-
euj -rat-i-javab-dada-
[shndah [sheuda
38
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
ring up, to
zang-z<i(l<i!t
zang-zad-an
telegram
telyardf ndmah
tel-gerraf nama
, cost of
pule telyerdf
pooh tel-gerraf
telegraph form
kdi/liaze ielger&f
kag'/mz-i tel-gerraf
messenger
telyerdfchl
tel-gerraf-chee
office
teltjerdf-khdnah
tel-gerraf-Mana
, to
telgerdf-kardan
tel-gerraf-karrdan
telephone
telefon
telefon
call-office
telefon-khdnah \ telefon-Mana
- number
numrahe telefon neum-ra-i telefon
-to
telefon-kardan
telefon-karrdan
weight ; over
vazn; sangln
vazn ; san-geen
Cardinal Numbers. (A'dad-i-meutlaq.)
1
i
yek
yek
26 blst-va-shenh beest-eu-shesh
2
r
du
deu
27
haft
, , haft
:-}
r
Uk
seh
28
/; asht
,, hasht
4
F
chahar
cha-har
29
nuh
,, neuh
5
panj
panj
30 r
. .si
see
<~2>
6
i
shesh
shesh
31
,, yek
,, yek
> 7
V
haft
haft
32
,, du
deu
> 8
A
hasht
hasht
33
,, seh
,, seh
9
4
nuh
neuh
34
,, chahdr
,, cha-har
10
1 .
dah
dah
35 ro ,, panj
,, panj
11
1 i
ydzdah
yaz-dah
36
,, shesh
, , shesh
. 12
i r
davdzdah
davaz-dah
37
,, haft
,, haft
13
i r
slzdah
seez-dah
38
,, hasht
,, hasht
14
i ^
39
,, nuh
, , neuh
i
chahtinlfih
cha-hai'-dah
40
chehel
che-hel
*-^O^'
15
1
pdnzdah
panz-dah
41
-va-yek -eu-yek
16
shdnzdah
shanz-dah
42
,, -va-du
,, -eu-deu
, 17
hefdah
hef-dah
50
panjdh
pan -jah <
5 vatS-
>18
hljdah
heej-dah
51
-va-yek
pan-jah-eu-yek
19
nuzdah
nooz-dah
60
shast
shast ^
S^n^t**'
20
21
r .
r i
bist
beest
70
80
haftdd
hasht dd
haftad t .^T
hashtad ^ x ^ ;
blst-va-yek
beest-eu-yek
90
navad
na-vad
~J
%LA
22
du
,, deu
100
sad
sad
W9
23
seh
,, seh
101
sad- va-yek
sad-eu-yek
24
chahdr
,, cha-har
102
sad-va-du*
25
panj
panj
110
sati-ra-dah
* When pronunciation i& omitted, it will be found given previously.
89
Persian (ronmnized).
Persian (rom.) Pronunciation.
111 sad-va-i
112 sad-va-t
120 sad-va-bixt
121 sad-va-blst-va-yek
122 sad-va-blst-ra-du
180 sad-va-sl
140 sad-va-chcliel
150 sad-va-panjdh
160 sad-va-shast
170 sad-va-haftdd
180 sad-va-hashtdd
190 sad-va-navad
200
800
400 chehdrsad
500 pdnxad
GOO shesh-sad
700 haft-sad
800 hasht-sad
900 nuh-sad
1,000 7a*ar
10,000 dah-hazdi
deuveest
see-sad
che-har-sad
pan sad
shesh-sad
haft-sad
hasht-sad
neuh sad
haz-ar
dah-haz-ar
100,000 xad-hazar
500,000 pdnsad-hazdr, kuriir
1,000,000 melydn
1908 A.B., hazdi'-i-a-nuksad-va-
hasht milddi,
corresponding to mutubeq b&
1326 A.H. hazdr-va-slsad-va-blst-
va-sheshe hejrl
Ordinal Numbers.
First
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
j yekuni, avval
duvvuin
sevrum
chehdrum
panjuni
ikethum
haftitm
ktufitum
nuhum
dahum
ydzdahum
davdzdahum
sizdalinm
chekdnlalium
pdnzdahum
tltdnzdahnm
/ti t'l/dkllDI
lujdahinii
nuzdahitin
blstum
sad-hazar
pansad-hazar, keu-roor
melyan
haz-ilr-eu-neuh-sad-eu-
hasht meeladee,
meutobeq bft
haz-ar-eu-see-sad-eu-beest-
eu-sheshi hej-ree
(A ' ddd-i-vasfee . )
yekeum, av-val
deuv-veum
sev-veum
che-ha-reum
pan-jeum
shesheum
haf-teum
hash-teum
neu-heum
da-heum
yazda-heum
davaz-da-heum
seez-da-heum
che-har-da-heum
panz-da-heum
shilnz-da-heum
hef-da-heuin
heej -da-heum
nooz-da-heum
beesteum
40
English.
Persian (romanized).
twenty-first
blst-ra-yekum
twenty-second
blst-va-duvvum
thirtieth
slum
thirty-first
si-yekum
fortieth
chehelum
fiftieth
panjdhum
sixtieth
sftastum
seventieth
ha f tad urn
eightieth
haxhtadtnti
ninetieth
navadiuii
hundredth
sadiim
two hundredth
diivlstiun
two hundred and
duvist-va-panjdhiiiit
fiftieth [sixtieth
three hundred and
nsad-va -xhastttm
thousandth
hazarum
Pronunciation.
All Jiamah
both
hardu >
century, a
asr } A<( 9f\ ?**
, half-a-
nlm- asr
couple, pair
j*fl
double, twice
dubar
dozen
dujln
, half-a-
mm-dujin, yek-iluaf'' :
eighth, one-
hasht yek, sumn
first time
bdre-avval
fourth, one
chehdr yek
gross, a
qnrdsah (Euro.)
half, a nlm, nesf
once
yekbdr, yek dafah
part, portion
qesmat, sahin
quarter, a ()
yek charak, yek rube 1
score, a
blst
second time
bare duvvnm
single
tak, vdhed, fan!
third, one
suls, seh-yek
third time
bdre-sevvuni
beest-eu-yek-eum
beest-eu-deuv-veum
see-eum
see-yek-eum
! che-hel-eum
panja-heum
shasteum
hafta-deum
hashta-deum
nav-ad-eum
sad-eum
deuveesteum
deu-veest-eu-panja-
heum
see-sad-eu-shasteurn
haz-a-reum
Collective and Fractional Numbers.
(A'ddd-i-jame l va kasr.)
ham -ah
harr-deu J-* jp
asr
neem-asr
jeuft
deu-bar
deu-jeen
neem-deu-jeen, yek-dast
hasht yek, seumn
bari-avval
che-har yek
qeu-rasa-
neem, nesf
yek- bar, yek daf-a
qes-mat, sahm
yek charak, yek reube'
beest
bari-deuv-veum
tak, va-hed, farrd
seuls, seh-yek
bari-sev-veum
* For cups and glasses.
41
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
threefold
seh-ld
seh-la
three-quarters
seh-chdrak, seh-rube'
seh-charak, seh-reube'
twice
du-bdr, du- da fah
deu-bar, deu-dafah
twice as much
du-bardbar
deu-bara-barr
the whole, all the
tamdm, hamah
tam-am, ham -ah
Adjectives. (Sefdt.)
. (For Grammar of Adjectives see p. 65.)
Able feW
tavdnd, muqtader
tav-ana, meuq-taderr
afraid i ^.
tarsii, tarsndk
tarr-soo, tarrs-nak -D ^*
glonelfc *V
tanhd, vahld
tanha, va-heed
another jfa*
dlgar, ghair
deegarr, gh&yr
awkward
nd-mundseb fk**'J<
na-meu-naseb
bad *,
bad
bad
beautiful V*/>
zlbd, qashang
zeeba, qashang ^
big
buzurg
beu-zeurrg ' Jy
bitter
talkh f Kv^M-r
taM Q ;y*
blind ,
kur
koorr
broad &&*..
pahn, gushdd
pahn, geu-shadi . ..
busy
mashghul
mash-gr/iool ^/^*
certain
muhaqqaq
meu-haq-qaq c3 J ^= r ~
cheap
arzdn
arr-zan <$)
i
clean
pdk, tdmlz t 5i*fr
pak, ta-meez<3 L>
clever
mdher, ustdd
ma-herr, eus-tad
cold
sard
sarrd 3>j^
common (ordinary)
ddl
adee
convenient
rdhat, dsildah
ra-hat, asooda
cool
khunuk
Meu-neuk
damp
nam
nam
dangerous
khatarndk
/c/mt-arr-uak
dark
tdr, tdrlk, khlrah
tar, tareek, Meera
deaf
kar
karr
dear (expensive)
gerdn
gerran
deep
god, amlq
god, ameeq [yerr
different
jure-dlgar, mughayer
joor-i-deegar, meu-gr/m-
difficult, hard
sakht, mushgel
sa/c/tt, meushgel
dirty
c.herk
cherrk
distant
dur
doorr
dry
khushk
Meushk
dull (of weather)
tdr, tdrlk
tar, tareek
early
zud
zood
easy
dsdn
a-san
42
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
1
empty
khall
Malee
even (smooth)
hamvdr, mustavl
hamvar, meus-tav-ee
false
durugh, kezb
deu-roo<y/i., kezb
fast (quick)
tund
teund
fine (small)
zarlf
zareef
(beautiful)
(jashang
qashang
flat .
sdf, musattah
sfif, meu-satta
foolish
dlvdnah, dlvdnagl
deeva-nff, deeva-nagee
foreign
gharlb, blgdnah
^r^areeb, beegana
free
dzdd
azild
fresh (of eggs, etc.)
tdzah
taza
full
pur
peurr
funny
ajib, gharlb
ajeeb, g'/farreeb
general, customary
ddl, mar sum
adee, marr-soom
glad
shad, masrur
shad, mas-roorr
good
khub
Moob
grand (splendid)
all, buzurg
alee, beu-zeurg
hard (solid)
sakht, seft
saMt, seft
healthy
sehhi
seh-hee
heavy
sangln
san-geen
high
Inland
beuland
honest
durust-hdr
deu-reust-kar
hot
gann
garrm
idle
tanbal
tanbal
ignorant
ndddn, jdJiel
nadan, ja-hel
important
muhemm
meu-hemm
impossible
nd-mumhen
na-meum-ken
inconvenient
nd-rdhat, bi-masraf
na-ra-hat, bee-masraf
interesting
mufid
meufeed
just (equitable)
mdnand, mesl
manand, mesl
kind
mehrbdn
mehr-ban
lame
lang
lang
large, great
buzurg
beu-zeurg
late
dlr
deer
left (hand, etc.)
chap
chap
light (in weight)
sabuk
sab-euk
little, small
khnrd, kuchek
Meurrd, koo-chek
long
derdz
derraz
loose
shul
sheul
loud
buland
beu-land
many
besydr
bes-yar
43
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
more
llxhtar
beesh-tarr
much
zeyad, besydr
zey-ad, bes-yar
narrow
tang
tang
necessary
lazt'in, darlcdr
la-zem, darr-kar
next
dyantldh, dlyar
a-yan-dah, deegarr
old (of things)
knhnah
keuh-na
- (of persons)
plr
peer
opposite
ru-be-ru
roo-be-roo
other
digar
deegarr
painful
dardndk
darrd-nak
polite
wuaddab
meu- ad-dab
poor
faqir, meskm
faqeer, meskeeii
pretty
zibd, khushgel
zeeba, Meush-gel
proper (correct)
salil/i, rdst
sa-heeh, rast
pure, unadulterated kkales, tamlz
/i/m-less, tameez
queer
yhamb, ajib
f/Aarreeb, ajeeb
quick
tund
teund
- quiet
dsudah, dram
asoo-da, aram
rare
kamydb
kam-yab
raw (uncooked)
khdm, ndpukhtoli
/c/iam, napeuA;/i-ta
real
asl, haqiqi
assl, haqee-qee
rich
tavdngar, ghanl
tavan-garr, gh&nee
right (proper)
durust
deu-reust
ripe (of fruit)
ra&idah
raseeda
rough
ndhamvdr, khashen
na-hamvar, /c/tashen
round
gerd, mudavvar
gerrd, meu-dav-var
rude
bl-adab
bee-adab
safe
sdlem. amln
salem, ameen
same
hanrin, yeksdn
hameen, yeksan
shallow
pdydb, bl-umq
pa-yab, bee-eumq
short (in length).
kutdh
kootah
silly
alnnaq
ah-maq
simple
sad ah
sa-da
sleepy
khdb-dlud
Wtab-alood
slow
kund, yavdsh
keund, yav-ash
small
kilchek
koochek
soft
norm
narrm
solid sakht
sa/c/it
sorry ghamndk, ghaiiirfln ^Aamnak, r//iam-geen
sour tursh
teurrsh
special mabhsus
maA:/i-soos
English.
44
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
square
chehdr-gusliali
che-har-goosha
stiff
kkushk
Meushk
still (tranquil)
dram, rdhat
aram, ra-hat
straight
rdst, mustaqlm
rast, meus-taqeem
strange
blydnah
beega-na
strong
qavl, zurmand
qavee, zoor-mand
stupid
ahmaq, glj
ah-maq, geej
sweet
ahlrin
sheereen
tall
buland-qad
beuland-qad
thick (in size)
kuiujt
keu-leuft
tight
tang
tang
troublesome
zahmatddr, pur zah-
zahmat-dar, peurr zah-
true
rdst [mat
rast [mat
uncomfortable
nd-rdhat
na-rahat
unhappy
nd-shdd, mntaassef
na-shad, meuta-assef
unkind
nd-mehrbdn
na-mehr-ban
unwell
bi-damdgh, ndkhush
bee-dama///i, naMeush
urgent
forl, mttsta'jal
foree, meus-ta'jal
useful
mufld
meufeed
useless
bl-fdyedah
beefa-yeda
usual
ddl
adee
vain
khud-pasand
/(-7<eud-passand
various
mukhtalef, jur bejur
meu/c/t-talef, joorr be
warm
garm
garrm [joorr
weak
zaif, Idghar
za-eef, la-ry/tarr
well (in health)
c'ndq, tan-durust
chaq, tan-deu-reust
whole
kamah, tamdm
hama, tamam
wide
gushdd
geu-shad
worth (in value)
arzandah, Idyeq
arr-zandah, la-yeq
worthless
ndldyeq
na-la-yeq
wrong
ghalat
gha\-a,i
young
javdn
jav-an
Verbs. (Afdi
)
(For Grammar of Verbs see
p. 59.)
To accept
qabul-kardan
qabool-karrdan
add
zamm-kardan
zamm-karrdan
admit (allow in)
pazlruftan
pazee-reuftan
allow (permit)
ezn-dddan
ezn-dadan
answer
javdb-dddan
javab-dadan
arrange (in or-
tartlb-dddan
tarrteeb-dadan
arrive [der)
rasldan
^raseedan
45
English. Persian (roraanized). Pronunciation.
to ask
pursidan
peur-seedan
assist
kiiHiak-hardan
keumak-karrdan
bark
vagkvayh-kardan
va/7/i-va^/i-karrdan
,, bath
hammdni-raftan
hanimam-raftan
,, beat
zadan
zadan
become
shudan
sheudan
begin, tr. <& intr.
dijhdz-, bend-, or
a-gr/iaz-, bena-, ebteda-
ebtecld-kardan
karrdan
,, believe
bdvar-kardan
bavarr-karrdan
,, bend
plchldan
peecheedan
,, bite
gazldan
gazcedan
,, boil (water)
jushdndan
jooshandan
,, boil, intr.
jushuian
joosheedan
,, borrow
qarz-kardan
qarrz-karrdan
break, tr.dintr.
shekastan
sliekastan
bring
dvurdan
aveurrdan
,, build
enshd-kardan, sdkh-
ensha-karrdan, sa/c/-tan
., buy
kharldan [tan
Mareedan
., call (waken)
biddr-kardan
beedar-karrdan
carry
burdan
beurrdan
,, change, tr.
avaz-kardan
avaz-karrdan
, intr.
avaz-shudan
avaz-sheudan
choose
entekhdb-kardan
ente-Mab karrdan
climb
bdld-raftan
bala-raftan
,, collect, tr.
jam'-kardan
jam'-karr-dan
, intr.
jam 1 -shudan
jam '-sheudan
come
dmadan \yf\
amadan
come in
tu dmadan
too amadan
,, consent
rdzi-shudan
razee-sheudan
cough
surfah-kardan
seurrfa-karrdan
count
shumurdan
sheumeurrdan
cry, weep
geryah-kardan
gerr-ya-karrdan
cut
luridan
beureedan
* dance
raqsldan
raqseedan
,, decide
qardr-dddan
qarar-dadan
die
murdan
meurrdan
dislike
napamndidan
na-pasandeedan
,, dismiss
daf'-kardan
daf'-kairdan
do, make
kardan
karrdan
doubt
shubhah-kardaii
1 sheub-ha-karrda:i
dream
khdbdldan /c/iab-deedan
46
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
to drink
nushldan noo-sheedan
M dry, tr.
khushk-kardan Meushk-karrdan
eat
khurdan /r/ieurr-dan
engage
ajlr-kardan ajeerr-karrdan
,, explain
baydn-kardan ba-yfin-karrdan
,, faint
ghash-kardan ////ash-karrdan
fall
uftddan euftadan
,, feel
hess-kardan hess-karrdan
fill
pur-kardan [tan peurr-karrdan
find
paidd-kardan, ydf- payda-karrdan, yaftan
finish
tamdm-kardan tamam-karrdan
fish
mdhl-gereftan
ma-hee-gerreftan
fly
paridan
pareedan
follow
dunbdl-kardan
deunbal-karrdan
forget
Jardmush-kardan
faramoosh-karrdan
forgive
bakhshulan
baM-sheedan
gain
tahxll-kardan
tahseel-karrdan
gather (pick)
chldan
cheedan
get (obtain)
gereftan
gerreftan
get up
barkhdstan
barr-Mastan
(from bed)
blddr-shudan
beedar-sheudan
give
dddan
dadan
it gO
raftan
raftan
go away (travel)
safar-kardan
safarr-karrdan
guide
rahbarl-kardan
rah - baree-karrdan
hang, tr.
dvlkhtan
avee/c/i-tan
,, have
ddshtan
dashtan
,, hear
shanldan
shaneedan
help
madad-kardan
madad-karrdan
., hire (a servant)
ajlr-kardan
ajeerr-karrdan
hit
yarm-kardan
garrm-karrdan
hold {contain)
shdmel-budan
shamel-boodan
,, be hungry
gurusnak'budan[dan
geu-reusna-boodan
hurt one's self
khudrd-ranjah-kar-
Meudra-ranja-karrdan
interfere
Tiitifldkht'lah- kardan
meuda-A-Aela-karrdan
interpret
tarjiunah-kardan
tarr-jeuma-karrdan
,, invite
da'vat-kardan
da'vat-karrdan
join, tr.
mulhaq -kardan
meul-haq-karrdan
keep (things)
necfdh-ddshtan
negah-dashtan
kill
knshtan
keushtan
knock
kubldan
koobeedan
47
English. Persian (romauized). Pronunciation.
to know
ddnestan
danestan
,, label
ni 'x/i<l.n-kardan
noshan-karrdan
last
davdm-kardan
davam-karrdan
laugh
kliandldan
/.Aandeedan
,, lead
rdhnemdi-kardan
rah-nem-aee-karrdan
,, learn
yad-gereftan
yad-gerveftan
lend
qarz-dddan [dan\ qarrz-dadan [beedan
,, lie down
derdz-shudan,khdbi-
derraz-sheudan, A-//ri-
lift
buland-kardau
beuland-karrdan
., light (a fire)
roshan-kardan
roshan-karrdan
like
pasandldan
pasandeedan
,, live (reside)
eqdmat-kanlan
eqamat-karrdan
,, lock
quji-kardan
qeufl-karrdan
,, look at
, neydh-kardan
negah-karrdan
,, look for
i inuntazer-budan
meu n - tazerr- boodan
,, lose
i gum-kardan
geum-karrdan
,, love
dust-ddslifan
doost-dashtan
,, make
sdkhtan
sa/cAtan
,, make a mistake
sahv-kardan
saliv-karrdan
., manage
eddrah-kardan
edara-karrdan
,, mend
ta'mlr-kardan
ta'meerr-karrdan
mix, tr.
dmlkhtan
ameeA-A-tan
move, tr.
junbdndan
jeun-bandan
, intr.
junbldan
jeun-beedan
object
e-e'terdz-kardan
e-e'-teraz-karrdan
,, offer
taqdlm-kardan
taq-deem-karrdan
,, omit
hazf-kardan
hazf-karrdan
,, open, tr.
bdz-kardan
baz-karrdan
, intr.
bdz-shudan
baz-sheudan
order (at shop)
sefdresh-dddan
sefaresh-dadan
(command)
farmudan
farrmoodan
,, pack
bastan
bastan
., pay
parddkhtan
parrda/i/t-tan
,, perspire
araq-kardan
araq-karrdan
,, pick up
barddsktan
barrdashtan
- (learn)
dmilkhtan
amooM-tan
play
bdzi-kardan
bazee-karrdan
pour
rikhtan
ree/f/t-tan
,, prepare
hdzer-kardan
hazerr-karrdan
prevent
mdne'-shudan
mane'-sheudan
promise
va'dah-dddan
va'da-dadan
48
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
to pull
kaslildan
kasheedan
push
takandan
takandan
put, place
guzashtan
geuzashtan
put off (time)
ta'khir-anddkhtan
ta'/cAeerr-anda/c/i-tan
rain
band an
bareedan
raise
buland-kardan
beuland-karrdan
read
khdndan
A;/tandan
receive
gereftan
gerreftan
recommend
toseyah-kardan
to-seya-karrdan
refuse
rad-kardan
rad-karrdan
remain, stay
mandan
mandan
remember
ydd-dvurdan
yad-aveurrdan
repay
pas-dddan
pas-dadan
rest
rdhat-shudan
ra-hat-sheudan
return, tr.
bargarddndan
barrgarr-dandan
, intr.
baryashtan
barrgashtan
ride
savdr-shudan .
savar-sheudan
ring, tr.dintr.
zang-zadan
zang-zadan
run
davldan
dav-eedan
save
rehdndan
re-handan
say
gnftan
geuftan
see
dldan
deedan
seem, appear
nemiidan
nem-oodan
send
ferestddan
feres-tadan
sew
diikhtan
doo&A-tan
share
taqsim-kardan
taqseem-karrdan
shave (beard)
risk - ta rdshldan
reesh - tara - sheedan
shine
tdbidan
tabeedan
show
neshdn-dddan
neshan-dadan
shut, tr.
bastan
bastan
sing (of persons)
(dvdzah-)khdndan
(avazah-)/i:Mndan
,, sit (as European)
neshastan
neshastan
sleep
khdbldan
&/iabeedan
smoke (pipe, &c.)
kashldan
kasheedan
sneeze
atsah-zadan
atsa-zadan
sow
kdshtan
kashtan
spend
kharj-kardan
Marj-karrdan
spoil (injure)
zadah - (khardb - ) kar-
zada- (Marab-) karrdan
stand
istadan \dan
eestadan
start (set out)
harakat-kardan
harakat-karrdan
steal
duzdldan
deuz -deedan
49
Persian (romaalzed).
Pronunciation.
to stop, tr.
, intr.
sweep
swim
take
take care
talk, speak
,. tear
tell, relate
thank
think
,, throw
tie
,, touch
,, travel
>, try
turn, tr.
, intr.
understand
,, use
,, wait
,, walk
,, want
,. warn
,, waste, tr.
watch
,, wear, put on, tr.
., wear, intr.
weigh, tr.
wipe
wish
work
wrap
yawn
iii't/i'tlt-ddshtan,
iiint(tttd-k<u-d(in
vd istddan
jdnlb-kardan
shand-kardan
barddshtan, ijereftan
eteqqat-kardan
harf-zadan
darldan
revdyat-kardan
tashalckur-karddii
fekr-(klieijdl-) ka nla n
anddkhtan
bastan
dast-zadan
safar-kardan
tajrubah
(jarddndan
yardldan
falunldan
este'indl-kardan
sabr-kardan
gardesh-kardan
naddahtan
khabar-dadan
zdye'-kanlan
pdldan
p&shitlan
davdm-kardan
kashldan, vazn-
pdk-kardan [karda n
khdstan
kdr-kanlan
plchdndan [dan
khamydzali-kashi-
negah-dashtan, ineu-
attal-karnlau
va eestadan
jiiroob-karrdan
shana-karrdan
barrdashtan, gerreft;tn
deq-qat-karrdan
Imn-f-zadan
dareedan
revayat-karrdan
tashak-keurr-karrdan
fekrr- (A7<eyiil-) kan-dan
andaWt-tan
bastan
dast-zadan
safarr-karrdan
taj-reuba-karrdan
garrdaudan
garrdeedan
fahmeedan
este'-raal-karrdan
sabri'-karrdan
garrdesh-karrdan
nadashtan
/.-/tabarr-dsidan
za-ye'-karrdan
pa-eedan
poosbeedan
dav-am-karrdan
kasheedan, vazn-karr-
pak-karrdan [dan
JrAftstan
kar-karrdan
poechandan
/c/iam-yaza-kasbeedan
Persian S.T.
50
Adverbs, Conjunctions, Prepositions, etc.
English.
(Zarrf, harrfe-atf, zameer, va ghayreh.)
(For Grammar see pp. 0861.)
Persian (rornanized). Pronunciation.
About (nearly)
taqrlban, nazdik taq-reeban, nazdeek
above
bald bala
according to
band-be, nazar-be bana-be, nazarr-be
across
az-meydn, sare, ruye az-meyan, sarri, rooy-i
after
pas, ba'd pass, ba'ed
afterwards
pasazdn, ba'dazdn passazan, ba'd-azan
again
du-bdrah deu-bara
against
bar-zedd, bar-kheldf barr-zedd, barr-Melaf
ago
pish
peesh
almost
taqrlban
taq-reeban
already
Jianilz
hanooz
also
ham, hamchenln
ham, ham-cheneen
although
agar clieh
agarr cheh
altogether, quite
hamah, kullan
hama, keul-lan
always
hamlshah
hameesha
among
ineydn
meyan
and
va
va
anybody
harkas, harkeh
harr-kass, harr-keh
anything
harcheh, harchlz
harr-cheh, harr-cheez
any time
harvaqt
harr-vaqt
anywhere
harjd, harkujd
liarr-ja, harr-keu-ja
around
atrdf, dor, dorddor atraf, dorr, doradorr
as much as
dn-qadr
an-qadrr
at
dar
darr
at last
dkhar, dqebat
a-Wtarr, a-qebat
because
zlrd, cftunkeh
zee-ra, choon-ke
before
pish, plsh-az
peesh, peesh-az
behind
pusht
peusht
below
pdln
pa-een
beneath
pdln, zlr
pa-een, zeerr
besides
juz, magar, gliair-az
jeuz, magarr, ^ayr-az
between
meydn
naeyan
but
ammd
amma
by
bd
ba
certainly
albattah, mutlaq
al-bat-ta, meut-laq
daily
ruzdnah, yomlyah
roozana, yomee-ya
down
zlr, pdln
zeerr, pa-een
downstairs
pdln
pa-een
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
during
dar-asnd, dar-zarf
darr-asna, darr-zarrf
early
ttid
zood
either... or
yd... yd
ya...ya
especially
makhsitsan
ma/f/t-soosan
even
agarcJw, hattd
agarr-che, hatta
everywhere
hamahjd, harjd
hama-ja, harr-ja
/ except
magar, juz
magarr, jeuz
'far
dur
doorr
for, conj.
zlrd, chunkeh
zeera, choon-keh
for, prep.
bardy
baray
from
az
az
yhere
injd
eenja
how?
cheh-gunah ? -qadr?
cheh-goonah ? -qadrr ?
how long ?
chand-muddat ?
chand-meuddat ?
how many
chand
chand
how often
chand-bdr
chand-bar
however
behar-hdl
be-harr-hal
immediately
foran, zud
foran, zood
/ * n
dar, tuy
darr, tooy
indeed
haqlqatan
haqee-qatan
/ inside
andarun, tuy
andaroon, tooy
into
darmeydn
darr-meyan
just (exactly)
mdnand, mesl
manand, messl
nearly
taqrlban
taq-reeban
neither... nor
nah...nah
na...na
, never
haryez, luch-vaqt
harrgez, heech-vaqt
/ next
dlyar, dyandah
deegarr, a-yanda
notwithstanding^.
sarfe nazar
sarrfi nazarr
, conj.
maahdzd
ma-a-haza
now
aknun, hold
aknoon, hala
/ of (belonging to)
a:
az
of
-*- (Izdfat)
-i- (iz-a-fat)
of course
albattah
albat-tah
often
khaill
Maylee
on, upon
ruy, sar
rooy, sarr
/ only
tanhd
tan-ha
opposite
ru-be-ru
roo-be-roo
or
yd
ya
over blsh-az, sare, ruye
beesh-az, sarri, rooy-i
perhaps
shdyad
shayad
probably
shdyad, ehtemdl
sha-yad, eh-tem-al
E*
52
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
quietly
dhestagl, drdml
a-hesta-gee, aramee
rather (somewhat)
qadri, kaml
qadree, kamee
recently
mudkhkharan
meu-a/i:/( -/c/tarftn
scarcely
bd-dushvdrl,
ba-deushva-ree
bd-zahmat
ba-z^h mat
seldom
gdh-ydh, kai, ndder
gah-gah, kam, naderr
since, prep.
az-dn-vaqt
az-an-vaqt - (< '
since, conj.
chunkeh
choonkeb
slowly
dhestagl, yavdfthaki
fi-he^ta-gee, ryavashakee
so, thus
chenln, chendn
che/ie^n, 'chenah
sometimes
ba'zl raqt, ;/d/i
bafz$?]Mw g^h
somewhere
ba'zl jd, jdl, bfjdl
baS^'/ja/jpi-/^, beja-ee
soon
zud
/Obfl/; /''//
still, yet
haniiz
\\i\XUfQZJI /! t %
than
az
&7: /
that, conj.
keh
key /
then
pas, ba'd '
p^e's, ba'd
theje
dnjd
Ytjija
therefore
bcndbarln, lehdzd 1
,bena-barr-een, le-haza
through
sar-td-sar, tddklmr
.sarr-ta-sarr, ta-a-Marr
/ till, until
til
ta
//to
too (too much)
be
besydr, zeydd
be
bes-yar, zeyad
too (as well)
ham, hamclienln
ham, ham-cheneen
/ towards
suy, samt, ru-be
sooy, saint, roo-be
under
zlr
zeerr
unfortunately
badbakhtdnah
bad-baM-tana
unless
magar, elld
magarr, el-la
up, upwards
bdld, sar
bala, sarr
upon
bdld, ruy
bala, rooy
usually, generally
ddatan, umuman
adatan, eumooman
well, adv.
khaill, be-khubl
May lee, be-/<7toobee
. when ?
kai?
kay?
/ . where ?
kujd ?
keuja ?
//while, whilst
vaqtl-keh
vaqtee-keh
/, why ?
clierd ?
cherra ?
'/. with (together)
bd, hamrdh
ba, hamrah
within, adv.
dar-til, ddkhelan
darr-to, da-/c/tel-an
yet, as yet adv.
haniiz
han-ooz
OUTLINE OF PERSIAN GRAMMAR.
THE NOUN.
All nouns in Persian are of one gender. They form their
plural by adding ^\ tin or U ha, the former for persons, the
latter for things.
EXAMPLES.
*j* mard, man. u\ij* nwrddn, men.
^1^3 ketdb, book. U i_jL3 ketdb-hd, books.
But U ha is now generally used for both classes.
The accusative is formed by adding I. rd to the singular or
plural.
EXAMPLES.
Js qalam, pen. I, Jji qalam rd, pen.
U JS qalam hd, pens. \. U J3 qalam IM rd, pens.
This termination has also the force of the definite article.
EXAMPLES.
.,jjj I. cb bdgh rd dldam, I saw the garden.
^JJ3 cb 6a^/t dldam, I saw a garden.
In the singular the indefinite article is indicated by the
ending ^, pronounced e.
EXAMPLES.
.~~"\ asbl, a horse.
^-j-jl j^j sefid asbl, a white horse.
But when the adjective follows the noun (j is attached to it also.
i
EXAMPLE.
^,| asb-i-sefldl, a white horse.
54
THE IZAFAT (denotes possession).
The izafat signifies possession ; it is denoted by the sign (^) zir
and is used in the following three ways :
1 . The genitive is formed by adding the izafat to the governing
noun, which usually precedes the governed noun.
EXAMPLES.
j* A$ kctlid-i-dar, the key of the door.
U^> oi.,o derakht-i-fchurma, the tree of the date.
But when the word ends in a vowel or ^ v 1 semi- vowel, it
takes the form u pronounced yi.
EXAMPLES.
ij^a. (jljj*. fJiudd-yi-jehan, the God of the world.
U 3 (_. roo-yi-daryd, the surface of the sea.
2. When several adjectives form attributes to the same noun
they are connected by the izafat or by the conjunction J va.
EXAMPLES.
^ .j^ J.T o^..^ derakht-i-gul-i-surkh-i-khoobi, a good red
rose tree.
^-, J.J o^,^ derakht-i-gul-i-surkh va khoobl, a good
red rose tree.
3. Personal pronouns are connected with nouns by the izafat,
thus forming possessive pronouns.
EXAMPLES.
..w* I^A-O dast-i-man, my hand.
Ui ^b pay-i-shuma, your foot.
1 When () pish is followed by j c, it is pronounced as oo in good.
55
ADJECTIVES.
Adjectives usually follow nouns, and in this case are connected
with them by the izafat.
EXAMPLES.
._; \,s. k_>b.j ketdb-i-arabl, the Arabic book.
(J-.JI& Jco kaghctz-i-engelisi, the English paper.
The termination 1. ra for the accusative is added to the
adjective only.
EXAMPLE.
*j. ;... I. [C-^-c cjbj ketdb-i-arabl ra kharldam, I bought an
Arabic book.
But if there are several adjectives U ra is only added to the
last.
EXAMPLE.
*>J*- Ij ic^ Jfl'g^yfc j7p. i_>Loj Jcetdb-i-buznrg-i-khusltkhatt-i-
arabl ra kJiuridam, I bought
a large well-written Arabic
book.
A few adjectives sometimes precede the noun, to which is then
generally added the indefinite article <j (y], and the izafat is
mostly omitted.
EXAMPLES.
y*- khoob mardi, a good man.
i Jo bad shahri, a bad town.
Adjectives often precede nouns, forming compounds.
EXAMPLES.
jjli. A) bad khulq, of bad temper.
C$5. (j*y>* khush rang, of fine colour.
56
The degrees of comparison are formed by adding the termina-
tion s^J tar for the comparative, and ^,5 tarln for the superlative.
EXAMPLES.
^j.\ buzurg, large. J ^j buzurytar, larger.
c ^/ 0->. bu-urgtarm, largest. tfJW. behiarln, hest.
Than is expressed by jl az.
EXAMPLE.
*** j' J c'l>^ djcvantar az Jiama, younger than all.
The superlative construction, as in English, is with the
genitive.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
^* man, I. U ma, we.
y tu, thou. Ui shuma,, you.
^1 w, he, she, it. cA~?.' wftan, they.
^J is used when speaking to inferiors in rank or age, other-
wise Ui,, as ?/OM in English.
The personal pronouns are declined as nouns except that the
accusative of ^ man (I) is Le mard instead of I. ^* nza?i ra.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
These are either the same as the personal pronouns or the
following shorter forms can be used, us also for the accusative of
the personal pronouns :
ist pers. .J am, my, me. ^U man, our, us.
2nd yyl at, thy, thee, U\J t n > y ur > vou -
3rd ,, t_pl ash, his, hers, its, him. ^ll shdn, their, them.
EXAMPLE.
* o-^ dast-i-man,}
rmy hand.
aasiam,
57
The short form of possessive pronoun added to the word
preceding the verb has the foice of the accusative of the
corresponding personal pronoun.
BXAMFLBS.
l _^J. vil-ash kim,
f him go.
cr Jj \y ii-ravil kun,}
Q:>J , ., mlbinain-at, } T
C> M see you.
^;,j ^ 1 ; y tu-rd-m'tl'mam,)
The accusative of possessive pronouns is formed as in nouns
by the addition I. rd.
EXAMPLE.
I. ..v* o~o dast-i-man rd,]
^my hand.
\j ^ dast-am-rd, )
To form the plunvl (A Jtd is added to the nouns.
EXAMPLE.
^ (j\Jt r?.~+~< sliamsliir-hd-yi man,
nay swords.
-IA j~-+Z> shamshlr-Jid-m,
The possessive case is often denoted by JL mdl (property).
EXAMPLES.
-1 ^ JU s.il. ^l z?t khdna mdl-i-man ast, this house is mine.
e*-U^. JU cU ,jl a bdyhmdl-i-slmmdst, that garden is yours.
The six reflexive pronouns are :
A jy*. Jchudam, myself. ,jlj-. khudimdn, ourselves.
^-*. khudat, thyself. ^tay- khuditdn, yourselves.
khudash, himself, her- ^l^^j* khudin/ian, themselves.
self, itself.
N. B. Personal and possessive pronouns must be replaced by
reflexive when they refer to the same subject.
58
EXAMPLES.
-^ ]>-oy , man khudamrd iriishuyam, I wash myself
(not ^y^ \j* c ^o).
.,jij. U^y> A* c^* wcm padar-i-khudamrd dldam, I saw my
father (not +&*\ ~e .jj ..^e).
The following are demonstrative pronouns, declined as nouns :
^il m, this.
(Jl a, that.
^A hamin, this same one.
^UA human, that same one.
churnn. hamchunm, such a one as this.
c ^ Mn w ) hamchundn, such a one as that.
hamchu, so, such.
chandm, chandan, so much.
RELATIVE PRONOUN8.
S Art, who, that, accusative l.jl . . . . *$; & chi, which, ki . . . .
a, or (jil . . . . & lei . . . . ash.
EXAMPLES.
1. (_r>j~t w j - mard ki sarashrd shikasta budand,
the man whose head they had
broken.
&>>* v 5CJo kdliska ki charkliaslira sdkhtand,
the carriage, the wheel of which
they made.
The relative pronouns & ki and &. chi are often connected
with the demonstrative pronouns.
EXAMPLES.
j.ta Jy s> ^il In ki pdl ddrad, this one who has money,
o ' j^i v ^ol an ki faqlrast, that one who is poor.
59
When a noun ia followed by a relative sentence defining it,
R <J yi is added to the noun.
EXAMPLES.
& ijij* murdl ki, the man who .....
iS 1. (j^-j piaarl ra ki, the boy who .... (accusative).
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.
These are the same as the relative pronouns : ki, who ;
i chi, what.
EXAMPLES.
jjf sj ki dmad, who came 1
jjj . ta. &.. chi khurdld, what did you eat ?
THE VERB.
In the Persian verb there is only one conjugation.
All verbs are formed from two principal parts, the infinitive
and imperative. To these the same terminations are added for
all verbs.
1. The auxiliary verb ^y. budan, to be, has infinitive ^ly*
budan ; imperative ^U bash ; but some tenses are derived from
the radical ( . J Z~A hastan, and in this respect are slightly irregular.
INFINITIVE ^.jjj liidan, TO BE.
Indicative (weaker form}.
Present.
J am, I am. *>\ Im, we are.
^ I, thou art. Jjl Id, you are.
oJ nst, he, she. it is. Ail and, they arc.
Present (stronger fonn}.
~~A hastam, I am. 1^* hastlm, we are.
Aa<J, thou art. J-=~A hastld, you are.
/<o<, he, she, it is. .ux~a hastand, they are.
Present negative.
Z-^j riistam, I am not. (J 1 -^^ ww<t, thou art not, &c.
60
Preterite.
. budam, I was. ojjj budlm, we were.
. budl, thou wast. joj.j budld, you were.
7d, he, she, it was. jj^y budand, they were.
* imbudam, I used to be, &c.
*1 jy budaam, I have been. ol jt) 6wc?a tm, we have been.
, thou hast been, jj ^j buda Id, you have been.
, he has been. j6l sjjj 6(aat/,they have been.
Pluperfect.
budam, I had been, &c.
Future formed with the auxiliary verb ^ly* kJiastan, and
the shortened infinitive jo 6i7c?.
j*\j. kJidham bud, I shall jy ^*A^ kMhlm bud, we shall
be. be.
, thou wilfc JjJ s*\f>~ khahld bud, you will
be. be.
jj jjkl^i. khahad biid, he will jy jj^l^. khdhand bud, they
be. will be.
Infinitive
\j*\ budan, ]
Uo be.
hastan,)
Past Participle.
, been.
) 6s7i / be ! (thou), for the other persons subjunctive
is used, so for all verbs.
fil
Subjunc tii > /'/' .-> i/t.
jA) bat/lam, I may be. *~!^. bdshlm, we may be.
l) bduhl, thou niuyest be. .x-Jllj bdshld, you may be.
bashad, he may be. jji'j luxlumd, they may be
A-i.L-A.0 nribiisJiam, I might be, &c.
For the pluperfect ...so bildam, *J*--^ tnlbudam, ^U J>
bdtham, may be used.
jb &a<Z, may he, she, or it be, is used as optative to express
a wish : ex. jb jl.j i^-^c umrat diraz bad, may your l.fe be long.
2. The auxiliary verb ,jj-i. ahudan, to become, is regular,
and therefore forms its present indicative and subjunctive from
the imperative ^i, sho, but the other tenses from shortened
infinitive jJL xhud. The final ^ v in yi. Ao is pronounced as
v before a vowel : ex. ^^i shavam.
INDICATIVE.
/*ren<.
..yu* mlffiaram, I become, &c.
Pre<erz<e.
..jj: shudam, I became, &c.
ImpwfuA.
^AA** mlshudam, I became, &c.
P^r/eci.
^1 .xi. shuda am, I have become, c.
PZp/^cf.
..jji sjui shuda bildam, I had become, &c.
Aifiwv.
j^. ..Ahi*. khaham shud, I shall become, &c.
INFINITIVE.
j^i* shitdan, to become.
62
Present Participle.
sjjyt. shavanda, becoming (very seldom used).
Piist Participle.
s.xl shuda, become.
GERUND.
(jA-i* shudanl, what ought to become.
Subjunctive present.
+jZ shavam. I may become, &c.
Imperfect and pluperfect the same as in the indicative, and so
for all verbs.
3. THE REGULAR VERB.
All infinitives end in ^ dan, or ^ tan.
To conjugate a verb we must know its infinitive and impera-
tive. The imperative of verb whose infinitives end in ^jj Idan
are formed by cutting off this termination : ex. u A~i J . bakhsh-
Idan, io present ; imperative \j&*. ba/chsh, present.
From the imperative are formed :
(1) The present indicative by prefixing ^ ml and adding
the termination ^ am, ^ I, x ad, &c. : ^1 ^ mi-bakhsh-am.
(2) The present subjunctive by prefixing w bi, as ^^i-^.
bi-bakhsh-am.
All other tenses are formed from the shortened infinitive
A^JLi^. bakhshld.
PARADIGM OF THE REGULAR VERB
Active voice.
Infinitive \j^j > gin/tan, to take, to seize.
1 Imperative ,J glr ! take !
1 In colloquial Persian it is usual to prefix t_> b before the impera-
tive, as^^AJ biglr, c.
63
Indicative present.
vngiram, I take, &c.
Preterite.
giriftam, I took, &c.
Imperfect.
^ miyiriftam, I took or I used to take, &c.
Perfect.
J izijT girifta-am, I have taken, &c.
Pluperfect.
*j> izjJT girifta bildam, I had taken, &c.
Future.
AJ^f (*!? khaham girift, I shall take, &c.
Infinitive.
^ZJ/ giriftan, to take.
Present Participle.
Jj^J glranda, one who is taking.
Past Participle.
izjj girifta, taken.
GERUND.
^^Lij-f giriftanl, what must be taken.
PREPOSITIONS.
Space will not allow us to give in detail this part of Persian
grammar, but the following list gives a few of the most
important :
..* dar, at. U-JS .^ dar killsd, at the church.
y tu, in. jlljl <jjj tuylutdq, in(into)theroom.
u bi, to. ^jS 5^4) bi hama kas, to everybody.
j ?-w, on. L~ (j. i, r7/? ml:, on (at) the table.
- sar, on. (_$[?" sar i dtash, on the fire.
t> ba, with. LJ ^ b bd man biyd, come with me.
^j 61, without. o^a-J .p. 6* zaJitnat, without trouble,
jl a, from. ^jJV jj^jl r2 tabrlz dmadam, I came
from Tabriz.
to td, to. oi. U ^1 A jl a-: tehrdn td rasht dur ast,
o*J ,^j it is far from Teheran
to Easht.
j IS td bi, up to. M^-^. k' fdbiblnwi, until we may see.
i, bottom. k^y r^-^. point kncha, at the bottom
of the street.
upon. e**y u% bdldyidir(tlht,upon the tree.
^,5 ,.*j blrun, outside. ^4- ui/^ J - ^* r " n * shahr, outside the
town.
(jl^j bardyi, foi-. .,oli-...9jo <_l^> bardyi tu ferestddam, I sent
for you.
CONJUNCTIONS.
For these, see Vocabulary, pp. 50 to 52.
ADVERBS.
There are no adverbs properly so called in Persian. Their
place is taken by nouns, with or without prepositions, or by
adjectives.
EXAMPLES.
v_^-< ^j bl sabab, without reason.
,c*js?- bi khubl, well. L/ 5 ^*"' dsudagl, safely.
Arabic adverbs with terminations I an, are also used.
EXAMPLES.
Lus^ takhmlnan, approximately.
LJu yaq'nan, ceitainly. UU ghdliban, mostly.
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Idiomatic Expressions.
(Kalemdt va jeumlahay-i-meustalah meufeed va laeem.)
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
Good morning
'
salaniun-alaikinH
i.e. Peace be upon yon
salameun-alaykeuiu
,, afternoon
[This salutation is used
jo,.
on all occasions. The
,, day
answer is:
,, evening
alaikum-iis-saldni
alaykeum-eus-salam
t
i.e. Upon you be peace]
f
ahvale shumd du'h
ahvali sheuma che
torast 1
torr-ast ?
How do you do ?
i.e. How is your condi-
tion ? [To inferior 1
r r c\
ahvale sharlj'e shu-
ahvali shareefi sheumfi
How are you ?
md cheh torast ?
che torr-ast ?
i.e. How is your august
or sacred health? [Toj
\
superior.]
Good night (to one
shabe shumd bekhairl shabi sheuma bo-Mayr
going to bed)
I.e. Your night be blessed
Thank you (anmrer alhamdulelldh
alhamdeu-lel-lah
to, Hovv are you?
} i.e. Thanks to God
Thank you. Thank
Intfe shtitnd zeydd
leutfi sheuma zeyfid
you very much
[zeyad
[zeyad
No, thank you
nah, liitfe shnmd
nah, leutfi sheuma
Don't mention it
zahmatl nlst
zahmatee neest
i.e. It is no trouble
Thanks for your
bestjar zakmat
bes-yar zahmat kashee-
trouble
kashldld
deed
It does not matter
zarari naddrad
zararee nadarad
I can scarcely ask
ar/ar cheh khejdlat
agarr che Mejalat mee-
(asking a favour)
mlkasham
kasham
Please do
befarmdld
befarrma-eed
You are quite (in-
khaili khnsh dma-
Maylee/c/teush amadeed
deed) welcome
dld
(Do) just as you
hartor mail ddrid
harr-torr mayl dareed
please
[ddrld
[dareed
You are quite right
rdst mifarmdid, haq
rast nieefarrma-eed, haq
Take as much as
befarmdld har qadr
befarrma-eed hp,rr qadr
you please
mail ddrld
mayl dareed
Persian S.-T.
F
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
/
It is lucky that...
As you know
It must be done
What are you (
doing? I
Please come back
Come here [soon
I have come on
business [come?
When will you
Will you come ?
Where are you
Go and look [going?
What is the mat-
ter?
As soon as possible
Oh no! thatisnotso
If possible
What does this
I don't know [mean?
/ I don't quite under-
'stand
^ I haven't the
slightest idea
I have never seen it
I haven't seen you
for a long time
Who said so ?
1 will speak to him
about it
He won't hear of it
He cannot be relied
en
He is honest and
hard-working
You must not do
that
asbdbe khush bakh-
tlat keh...
chendnclieh mlddnld
bdyad beshavad
cheli mlknnl? [To inf.] j
cheh inlkunld/ [Sup.] 1
lutfan zud bargard i
beyd Injd
man bardye kdr
dmadain
kai khdhid dmad?
di/d khdhid dmad?
kujd mlravldf
bero ner/dli keun
cheh khabarast ?
cheh shud /
har qadr zud keh
mumkenast
nah! chenln nlst
ayar mumkenast
In ya'nl cheh?
man namlddnam
man durust nami-
fahmam
man hlch namifah-
mam [dam
man ilrd hlch nadi-
mnddatlst shumdrd
nadldam
kl f/uft /
man bd ft dar khnsii-
se u harj khdham
zad [kard
u qabill nakhdJuid
beh u khdter jam 1
naniitovdn shutl
u bd namus va kdr
kuna*t
naktm, shumd nabd-
yad in kdr ra
bekunid
asbabi Meush lo&kh-
teest ke..,
chenan-che meedaneed
ba-yad beshavad
che rueekeunee ?
che meekeuneed ?
leutfan zood barrgarrd
bey a eenja
man bara-yi kar ama-
darn
kay /c/mheed amad ?
a-ya Maheed amad ?
keuja meeraveed ?
bero negah keun
che Mabarast ? che
sheud?
harr qadr zood ke
meumken-ast
na ! chen-een neest
agarr meumkenast
een ya'-nee che ?
man nameedanam
man deureust namee-
f ah mam
man beech nameefah-
mam [dam
man oora heech nadee-
meuddateest sheumara
nadeedam
kee geuft ?
man ba oo darr Meu-
soosi oo harrf AV/a-
ham zad [karrd
oo qabool na-Ma-had
be oo /i/taterr jam'-
nameetavan sheud
oo ba namoos va kar
keun-ast
nakeun, sheurna naba-
yad een kar ra be-
keuneed
67
English.
uii (roinanliedj.
Pronunciation.
Do not tell anyone
1 will do niy best
I can do without it
It will do after-
wards
It will do at your
leisure
Be careful
I will bring it for
you
Do you want tbis ?
I don't want that
I want an answer
[answer ?
What is your
Wait a minute
Do you like this ?
I like it very much
How do you like
it ? [at once
Kindly let me know
You are very for-
tunate [anxious
You need not be
It is too difficult
It is well done
[address ?
What is your
My address is...
Give me his address
He lives in...
So it seems
Yes, I suppose so
,\/ Do you speak
En-lish ?
I am English
bekasi marjii
/tar c/if/i mnmkenast
khdham hard
bi ft intunkenant
ba'd bekdr mlkhurad
har vaqt bekhdhld
in isha vad
deqqat knn,
mutarajjeh bash
man urd haraye x/tn-
md khdham dritrd
(dyd) inrd mlkdhldf
(man) dnrd nainl-
khdham
(man) yek javdb
mlklidliam
jardbe sluundchist-
yek daqlqah sabrknn
Inrd mi/iasandld ?
man urd bestjdr ml-
pasanilam
dyd Inrd (lira) ml-
pasandld? [bedeh
litt fan zud k/tahar
shuind khaill khush-
ba klit Id
mnziareb naba*hld
In bcKydr miuliffelaxt
In (fi) bcsi/dr kliubast
adraw shiimd chUt ?
In adra<e wanast...
ad rase Ufa bede/t
u dar...eqdiat mi-
le nn ad [sharad
haindie wa'liliii ml-
dn, ball, yni/d
(dyd) eiKjellsl harf
wlzanid ?
man engellsam
bek-assee magoo
harr che meumke'ii-ast
A7m-ham karrd
bee oo meumkenast
ba'd bekar mee-/Jteu-
rad
harr vaqt beWm-heed
mee-shavad
deq-qat keun,
meuta-vaj-jeh bash
man oora bara-yi sheu-
ma A7m-ham aveurrd
(a-ya) eenra mee/t/i-heed
(man) anra namee-A-Aa-
ham
(man) yek ja-vab mee-
A7ui-liam
javab-i sheuma cheest?
yek daqeeqa sabrr keun
eenra meepasandeed ?
man oora bes-yar mee-
pasandam
a-ya eenra (oora) mee-
pasandeed ? [bedeh
leutfan zood Mabarr
sheurna /r/taylee AVteush-
baAVtteed
meuz-tareb nabasheed
een bes-yar meusbgelast
een (oo) bes-yar AVioob-
ast
ad-rassi sheuma cheest?
een ad-rass-i man-ast...
ad-rass-i oora bedeh
oo darr...eqamat inee-
keunad [shavad
ham -die ma'loom mee-
aree, balee, goo-ya
(a-ya) engeleesee harrf
meezaneed ?
man ensrel-eesam
68
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
I don't understand
man namifahmam
man nameefahmam
I can speak a little
ma it ham 7 fdrxl J> a rf
man kamee iarsee harrf
Persian
iiiizanain
meezanam
I had not time
vaqt nadftxlitdiit
vaqt nadashtam
I really cannot
Jioi/n/atan nawitttm-
haqeeqa-tan nameetava-
wait
IKI HI inniitft:er be-
nam meunta-zerr be-
As you see [been?
)ii~t bhiJil [shavam
mee beeneed [shavam
Where have you
hujd biidid?
keuja boodeed .
Is it convenient to-
dyd fardd mum ken-
a-ya farrda meumken-
morrow ?
ant ?
ast?
I will return it to- fir ft I'arda Ixirml-
oora farrda barr-mee-
morrow (jarddnam
garrdranam
Please let me know liitfn :f/<l In-num
leut-fan zood beman
immediately kliabar hfdi-h
Mabarr bedeh
He has already left u i>ixh-az in raft
oo peesh-az een raft
He probably does u shuyad iiintndd-
oo sha-yad nam-ee-da-
not know
nad
nad
This article wc;irs
In fifircli'tli ilai'dm
een parcha davam mee-
well (clothes)
mikinttitl
keu-nad
Do. do. (things)
m jifircliah khubast
een parcha Moob-ast
Are there any book
dyd d(ir...dnhkdne
a-yadarr...deukkan-i ket-
shops in...?
kft&bfurftthi hast?
ab-feurooshee hast?
To be sure there are
alhattah haxf
albatta hast
I enquired, but
man pursid&tn, >n-
man peur-seedam am-
there was none
md hicli nabud
ma beech nabood
I see you for the ? an-<d dafah ast
een avval daf-a ast ke
first time [ing ?
kt'/t slntwdra nribi-
sheumara nieebeenam
Where are you go-
kiijd mlracld? [nam\ keuja meeraveed ?
Come here ; I have
beyd Injd bd shuma
bey-a eenja ba sbeuuia
something for you
/,/?/ d'lrfiin.
kar daram
to do
May I ask who you
bebakhxhid dqd shu-
beba^/i-sheed aqa sheu-
are, sir?
md klstld
ma keesteed ?
i.e. Excuse me, sir; who
are you ?
When do you re-
k(ri beferamj: stroi
kay beferan-gestau
turn to Europe ?
barmlgardld ?
barrmee-garrdeed ?
Is anything the
shumdrd cheh ml-
sheumara che mee-
matter with
shauad? or dyd
shavad ? a-ya na-
you?
ndkhushid ?
Meu-sheed ?
i.e. Are you ill?
Who said so ?
In fjuft ?
kee geuft?
69
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Please wait
You come as well
I am told he re-
turned yesterday
That is the impor-
tant point
In that case it is
all right [it
There is no help for
It is extremely in-
convenient [ful
You must be care-
1 did not bfeak it
Under what cir-
cumstances '?
What is the reason?
There is no mistake
about it
You were certainly
to blame [ion?
What is your opin-
Please make a note
I say ! Mr.... [of it
Without ceremony
Speak louder,
please
Look !
Is it not beautiful?
It is indeed grand
lut/ an sabr kiin'nl
shumd ham bei/dld
man shanldam u
dirilz bary as/it
In nuqtali muhem-
mast
dar In siirat kar
khubast
chdralt n7xt
in bcai/tli- i Kir cihat-
att
/dyad deggat knn'nl
wan ura nash<'l;<i-
tani
becheh shart ' dar
cheh khum* I
becheh sabab 1 ja/iat
cldst ?
dar u hlch shiwltalt
nlst
slutnid sezdvdi't' x<tr-
zanesh bildld
fi'kre sliumd cltlxt .'
I nt /'it ii ifdddafht knn
leutfan sabrr keuneed
sheurna ham beya-eed
man shanee-dam oo
deerooz barrgasht
een neuqta meuhem-
mast
darr een soorat ki*r
/c/ioobast
chara neest
een bes-yni- nanl-hat-
ast
bii-yad deqqat keuneed
oora nashekas-
In taldli' nii</rii/iini
lutfan lji<l<ui<itni-
harf bezan
nec/dli Icun !
(d;/d) qashank nlxt ?
besydr
taui
be-che sharrt? darr-
che /i7ieu-soos?
be-che sabab ? ja-hat
cheest ?
darr oo heech sheub-
ha neest
sheuma sezavari sarr-
zanesh boodeed
fek-ri sheuma cheest ?
leutfan yad-dasht keun
aqa...beb-een che rnee-
bee takleef [goo-yam
leutfan beulandtarr
harrf bezan
uegah keun !
(aya) qashank neest ?
haqee-qatan bes-y.n-
/c/ioob-ast
Expressions of Emotion, etc.
(Baydndt-i-nu'iihayyej va ghayreh.)
What ?
Indeed !
Stuff 1 nonsense !
What a statement!
That is impossible
That cannot be
cheh /
b'l/ttldah '. blina'iu I
C/K'/I liarfe ajlb!
In ndmnmken axt
In wwtf&havad
che?
haqee-qatan ! va-qe-an !
bee-hooda! bee-rna'inv!
che harrf -i-ajeeb!
een na-meumken ast
een na-meeshaviwl
70
English.
Persian (romanizedj.
Pronunciation.
You surprise me
Take care !
x My fault
Oil 1 it is nothing
I am sorry
(asking pardon)
What a pity !
It is a sad thing
What a shame !
I am very glad
Bravo 1 well done I
How fortunate !
How excellent 1
I am very angry
Hold your tongue
- Don't answer
All right
Oh dear ! oh dear !
Be off!
It is no good
Get out
My dear
Help ! mercy !
What do you say ?
[To superior]
[To inferior]
Do you hear me ?
Will you kindly
Do you understand
me ? [mean ?
What does that
What is that ?
Can you speak
English ?
Do you know
Mr....?
Where is the...?
shumd ward mitta-
ajjcb mllfitnid
deqfjat kun! bepd !
taijHire wan
chin nixt
man tinttaassefam
bebalchs/dd
half, afxfi* '.
In axbdbe taaxsufast
aib ant .' aib nist !
man besydr k/iusli-
Jidlain
dfann! bdrakalldh!
cheh Icltitsltbalc/tt !
eke It qadr a'ld!
besydr kJiaahmndk-
hain harf bczan [am
jardb nadeh
Unlh ; bexyar khub
ailc/nidd! aikhudd!
i.e. Oh God!
(/HIII slto ! jaltannain
In hhiib nlst [xho !
hero gum sho ! bero
azlze man [blnln
rmddd ! amdn !
Enquiries.
' cheh mifarmdld-
cheh mlf/ill ?
! dyd tnlshenavld '/
\ Intfan
dyd mifahmld /
In ya'ni cheh?
in cheh chiz ast ?
enyelisl mitavdnld
harf bezanld ?
dqd...rd mlshena-
sld ?
...kujdst?
sheuma, mara meuta-
aj-jeb meekeuneed
deqqat keun ! bepa !
taq-seer-i-man
checzee noest
man meuta-assefam
bebaM-sheed
hayf ! af-soos !
eel! asbab-i-ta-asseufast
ayb ast ! ayb neest !
man bes-yar Ar/ieush-
halam
afareen ! bara-kallah !
che /r/teush-ba/.7it !
che qadrr a'lii !
bes-yar Mashm-nakam
kam harrf be/an
javab nadeh
Moob ; bes-yar 7r/toob
ay /iVteuda ! ay AVteuda!
geum sho ! ja-hannam
een /r/ioob neest [sho !
berro geum sho ! berro
azeez-i-man [beeroon
emdad ! aman !
che meefarrma-eed ?
che meegoo-ee '?
fi-ya meeshenaveed ?
leutfan
a-ya meefahmeed ?
een ya'nee che ?
een che cheez ast ?
en-gelee-see meetavu-
need harrf bezaneed?
aqa...ra mee-shena-
seed ?
...keu-jast?
71
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
What do they call
that in Persian ?
What is that good
Who is that? [for?
Who are you?
Who is there ?
What do you want?
What have you got?
What is the matter?
Can you tell me?
Why is that ?
Who sent you ?
What isyour name?
Why did you go?
Inra dar fdi'sl cheh'
mlgftyand 1
In bur aye cheh khilb
u klxt / [ast /
shnnid lastid ?
dnjd /ast? last dnjd?
chi'h mlkhdhid ?
cheh (jereftul /
cheh khaharaxt- cheh
shnd ? [if Hid /|
mitavlnidbeman be-
cherd? [tad?
shuindrd kl funts-\
name shuind chlst- I
die rd raftld ?
eenra darr far-see cho
mee-gooyand ?
een bara-yi che Ar/ioob
oo keest ? [ast ?
sheuma keesteed?
anja keest? keest anja?
che mee-/r/*a-heed?
che gerefteed ?
che A7tabarr-ast ? chu
sheud ? [begoo-eed ?
ineetavaueed beman
chera ? [tad ?
sheumara kee feu-reus-
nanii sheuma cheest ?
chera rafteed ?
Railway (Rah-i-ahan, or Shamandafeir.)
(For Vocabulary see page 81.)
To the station
Here is my luggage
Take it to the cloak-
room
I wish to regis-
ter my luggnge
for... [weight
The luggage is over
Get my luggage
Here is the ticket
How many pack-
ages are there ?
Where is the wait-
ing-room ?
booking-office?
refreshment-
room?
lavatory ?
train for... ?
Are you going by
the express ?
Show me a time-
table
be ffdr; be estdseyon
in a*hyde in an ast
inrd be'>ar be-utdqe
axhyd'
man ini/clidJiam ash-
yde khadrd sefdre-
shl befei'estant be...
ashyd 1 sanr/inast
axhyde mard beydr
itlflvt hfJlt
(/M<.'t (/t [ M
asbdl hd chand pdr-
chah ast ?
utdqe entezdr kit-
jdst [hanil'f
belitrd kujd mlda-
utdqe mashrubdt
knjdst?
khald kujd^t 1
qatdre...kujdst/
dyd ha qatdre surat
miravid
yek fehreste fjadva-
le) raqt bedeh
be gar ; be estaseyon
een ash-ya-i man-ast
eenra bebarr be-eutaqi
ash-ya'
man mee-/i:/ia-ham ash-
ya-i A7teudra sefaresh-
ee beferestarn be...
ash-ya' san-geen-ast
ash-ya-i mavra beyar
eeu-ast beleet
assbab-ha chand par-
cha ast ?
eutaqi entezar keu-
jast'? [hand?
beleet-ra keuja meeda-
eutaqi mashroobat keu-
jast ?
khala keujast ?
qatari...keajast?
aya ba qatari seurat
meeraveed ?
yek fehresti (jadval-i)
vaqt bedeh
72
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation
When does the
train start ?
Can I book through
to...?
A first- (second-)
class single ticket
to...?
Return ticket
How much is it ?
We want a sleeping
carriage
A corridor carriage
A corridor carriage
for ladies
A non-smoking
compartment
Is this the train for...
Do I change any-
where?
\\hcre must I
change for...?
Is this seat en-
gaged ?
There is no room
Call the guard
The train is just
going to start
Open the door
Open the window
Here is the station
Do we stop here ?
Do we alight here?
Do we change
carriages here ?
How long do we
stop here?
Five minutes
thamandafef kai
mlravad 1
ay a mltavanatn yek-
sarah be ... belli
bi'ti'iram ?
yek bellte darajahe
an-al (ihivviun)
be...
belite dusarah
r li a ml ast?
ma i/fk tttdq mlkhd-
him keh jdye khdb
dd^htah bashad
yek ntdqe rdhroddr
yd; ntdqe rdhroddre
zandnah
yek utdq keh slydr
namlkashand
In qatdre . . .ast ?
dyd dar baine raw
bay ad avaz knnam?
da r kujd bay ad ha rd-
ye...avaz kunam?
dyd in jd gereftah
xhndah ast?
Injd jd nlst [kun
ma'mur rd sadd
qatdr aldn harakat
inllcunad
darrd bdz (vd) kun
panjamh rd bay kun
In astestdseyon (gar)
dyd Injd khdhlm Is-
tad?
dyd Injd pain khd-\
film dmad?
dyd injd utdqrd
avaz khdhim kard?
cheh qadr Injd
khdhlm Istdd ?
panj daqlqah
shamandaferr kay mee-
ravad ?
aya rneetavanam yek-
sarrah be ... beleot
begeeram ?
yek beleeti darra-ja-hi
av-val (deuv-veum)
be...
beleeti deu-sarrah
chand ast ?
ma yek eutaq rnee-Ma-
heem ke ja-yi Mab
dashta bashad
yek eutaqi rahro-dar
yek eutaqi rahro-dari
zanana
yek eutaq keh seegar
nameekashand
een qatari...ast?
aya darr bayni rah ba-
yad avaz keunam ?
darr keuja ba-yad bara-
yi...avaz keunam?
aya een ja gerrefta
sheuda ast?
eenja ja neest
ma'nioor ra sadii keun
qatar alan harakat mee
keunad
darr-ra baz (va) keun
panjarah ra, baz keun
een ast estaseyon (gar)
aya eenja /c/ta-heem ees-
tad?
aya eenja pa-een kh&-
heem amad ?
aya eenja eutaq ra avaz
/c/<a-heem karrd ?
che qadrr eenja A'Aa-
heem eestad ?
panj daqeeqa
78
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
My luggage is lost
asbdbe man gum
asbabi man geum sheu-
shudahast
dah-ast
When it arrives for-
vaqtl keh rasld
vaqtee ke raseed befe-
ward it on to...
beferest be...
rest be...
Give me your ticket
bellte khudra eltefat
beleeti Meud-ra eltefat
iTo superior]
kunld
keuneed
[Do. to inferior]
bellte khudra bede-
beleeti Meud-ra be-de-
Here it is [To sup.]
befarmd [hid
befarr-ma [heed
[Do. to inferior]
beglr
begeerr
The Steamboat. (Kashtee, Jehdz.)
(For Vocabulary see page SJ.i
Hire a boat
I am going by boat
When do we start?
Bend the steward
to me
What is the first
cabin fare ?
Please show me my
berth
Is this berth taken?
[tain ?
Where is the cap-
I will engage the
whole cabin
Put my bag in the
cabin [port?
Have you your pass-
What is the num-
ber of your cabin?
I am in Number 8
Will it be rough ?
The sea is rough
Is she a good boat?
Shall you stay on
deck?
yek kashtl kerdyah
kun [vam
man bd kashtl mira-
kai khdhltn raft?
mubdsherrd beferest
injd
kerdyahe darajalte
awal chand ast ?
lutfan jdy mard
neshdn bed eh
dyd in jdrd yeref-
tahand ?
ndkhudd kujast ?
man tarn awe in
utdqrd kerdyah mi-
; khdham bekunam
klfe ward bit f tzar
be ittdq
dyd tazkerah darld-
numrahe ntdqe
shumd chtst ?
man dar man rah
seh JiastaiH [hud?
I dyd kulak kltdhad
ilar \id kulak ast
dyd kashteyc khfd/lxt
dyd shumd bdldye
(sathahe) kashtl
khdhid Istdd ?
yek kashtee keraya
keun [vam
man ba kashtee meera-
kay /.7(il-heem raft ?
meubasherr-ra beferest
eeuja
kerayah-i darra-jah-i
awal chand ast?
leutfan jayi marra
neshan bedeh
iiya een jara gerreftah-
and ?
na/cAeuda keujast ?
man tamami een eu-
taqra keraya mee/r/m-
ham bekeunam
keefi niarra beugzar be
eutiiq
aya taz-kerah dareed ?
neum-rah-i eutaqi sheu-
ma cheest ?
man darr neumra seh
has -tarn sheud?
aya koolak Ma-had
darr-yfi koolak ast
aya kashteyi /.-/ioobeest?
aya sheuma balayi (sat-
hah-i) kashtee kh&-
heed eestad?
74
English. Persian (romanized).
No, I shall go
nah, pain khdham
below
raft [axt
I feel very sick
ahi'dlani bexydr l>ad-
I am going below
man inlracani pain
to my cabin
be ntdqe. khitdam
Can we have dinner
dyd dar kashtl sham
on board ?
mldahand ?
Shut (open) the
panjarali rd beband
porthole
(bdz Ifiin)
Here, boatman !
In qdyeqchist !
liow much to take
chand mltjlrl mar a
me ashore ?
bcbarl frirftit/
Please let me see
Intfan tazkerahe
your passport
khudrd bedehld
Pronunciation.
na, pa-een Ma-ham
raft
ahvalam bes-yar badast
man meeravam pa-een
be eutaq-i /r/ieudam
aya darr kashtee sham
meeda-hand ?
panjarah ra beband
(baz keun)
een qii-yeq-cheest !
chand mee-geeree mar
ra bebarree beeroon?
leutfan taz-ke-rah-i
/c/teudra bjdeheed
Arrival. (Hashed, Veurood.)
iFur Vocabularies see pages 31 & 32. i
Here is my luggage
Where is the cus-
tom-house ?
Bring that trunk to
the custom-house
Have you anything
to declare ?
I have nothing
dutiable
Please give me
your keys
Here are the keys
Is there a 'bus ?
Call a carriage
There is no carriage
What is the fare to
the hotel ?
Tell the driver
where to take me
In aslnjae man ast
ijumruk kujast /
In klfra (sandfiqra)
beyar be i/iunntlc
\ chizl i/umruld da-
nd '?
chize ijuinruk shu-
dani nadaram
lutfan kalldra
bedehid
Inast kalid
aya Injd f/dri hast'
ye/ckdleslcah(dunish-
ffah) sadd kun
Inja kdleskalt mst
kerdyah td hotel
chand ast?
belidleskahchl beyii
mard knjd bdyad
bebarad
een ash-ya-i man ast
geunireuk keujfist ?
een keefra (sandooqva)
be-yar be geumreuk
cheezee geumreukee
dareed ?
cheez-i geumreuk sheu-
danee nadaram
leutfan kaleedra beda-
heed
eenast kaleed
aya eenja garee hast ?
yek kaleska (deureush-
ga) sada keun
eenja kaleska neest
kerraya ta ho-tel chand
ast?
bekaleska-chee begoo
marra keuja bayad
bebarrad
75
English.
Is the proprietor
anywhere about?
Have you a room
vacant ?
This room is too
small [room?
Have you a large
Show me a bed-
room
I will take this one
Have you no better
rooms ?
Have you not a
cooler room ?
I want a large one
Show me some nice
rooms
Are you the land-
lord?
How much do you
charge per day ?
Has my luggage
come ?
Send the luggage
upstairs
Put it down here
Do you intend to
stay long ?
I shall stay a few
days
I want to have a
wash
I want something
to eat
Anything will do
Give me the key of
my room
Hotel* (Hotel, Mehmdnkhanah.)
(For Vocabularies see page 28 ).)
Persian (romanlzed). Pronunciation.
sdhebe hotel kujdst
(injdst) :
utdqe khdll (herd-
yahi) ddrid?
in utdq besydr
kuchek ast
utdqe buznrg ddridf
yek utdqe khdb ne-
shdn bedeli
man Inrd mlkhdham
utdye behtar nadd-
rld?
yek utdqe khunuk-
tar naddrld?
man yek utdqe bu-
zurg nii/chdham
yek utdqe khubl ne-
s/idn bedeh
dyd sdhebe hotel
shumdld ?
ruzl chand miglrid't
dyd ashyde (asbdbe)\
mar a, dvurdahand/[
asbdbe ward beferest
bald
biif/zdr mjd (zamiri)
khalll khdhld
mdnd ?
du seh ruz klidham
mdnd
man mikhdhaiu
shiisteshu kunatn
man gnrusnah am,
kh nnlamcht'h ddrld
har cheh bdshad
zarar naddrad
kalide utdqe mard
bedeh
sa-hebi ho-tel keujast
(eenjast)?
eutaqi Malee (kerra-y.i-
ee) dareed?
een eutaq bes-yar koo-
chek ast [reed ?
eutaqi beuzeurrg dti-
yek eutaqi Mab neshau
bedeh ?
man eenra mee-/c/ta-hum
eutaqi beh-tarr nada-
reed?
yek eutaqi /.7<euneuktnri'
nadareed ?
man yek eutaqi beu-
zeurrg mee-AVm-ham
yek eutaqi /.-Aoobee
neshan bedeh
aya saheb-i ho-tel sheu-
ma-eed ?
roozee chand mee-gee- -
reed?
aya ash-ya-i (asbabi)
marra aveurrdah-and?
asbabi marra beferest
bala [een)
beug-zar eenja (zam-
A7/aylee A7ta-heed mand?
deu seh rooz A-/ta-ham
mand
man mee-/.-/ui-hain
sheusteshoo keunam
man geureus-nah am,
Meurr-danee cheh da-
havr cheh bashad [reed
zarrarr na-darad
kaleedi eutaqi marra
bedeh
76
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
A decanter of water
What are the hours
of meals here ?
Lunch is at... and
dinner at...
There is no fixed
time
And breakfast ?
You can suit your
own convenience
Can I dine in my
room ?
Is the bed well
aired ?
Where is the w.c.?
I suppose you have
baths here ?
i want a warm
bath
Give nit- a piece of
soap
Give me a towel
Where is the bell?
Can you lend me
some slippers ?
I want a candle
I think of leaving
to-morrow
Call me early in
the morning
It is chilly to-night
Put on more bed-
clothes
Send "boots "to me
Call my servant
Bring me a light
yek tunk db
injd cheh vaqt shdm-
va-nekdr midahld?
nehdr darsdate...va
sham dar sdate...
vaqte muaiyan
naddrlm
va clidlc siibli, :'<
qal-ydni?
liar rdi/t heh bard ye
sliiuiid rdhat a
dyd mltavdnam dar
iitdqe khudatn
sham belc/niram?
<iyd rakhtkhdb beha-
vd dad ah shndah
lilmld kujdxt- [ast/i
dtjd In/d hammam
ddi'ld ?
iiutn yek hammdme
garni mlkhdhutn
yek pdi'chah (qdleb)
sdbun beydr
i/i'L- /toll (qatifuh)
beydr \
zany kujdst ?
iff/i juft
be'deh!
man yek ,s/<am' -1111-
khdliam
man kheydl ddram\
fardd beravam
mard subhe zud
biddr kun
emshab khitnuk ant
lelidfe dlgar bugzdr
nokar rd beferest
no/care mard sadd
kun
yek charayli beydr
yek teunk ab
eenja che vaqt sham-eu-
ne-har meeda-heed?
ne-har darr sa-at-i...eu
sham darr sa-at-i...
vaqti meu-ay-yan nad-
a-reem
eu cha-ee-i seubh, zee-
ri qal-yanee ?
harr vaqt ke barra-yi
sheuma va-hat ast
aya meetavanam darr
eutaqi Meudam sham
be-Meuram ?
aya ra/f/tt-/c/<ab be-hava
da-dah sheudah ast?
/c/iala keujast ?
aya eenja hanmmm da-
reed ?
man yek ham -in ami
garrm mee-Ma-ham
yek par-chah (qaleb)
saboon beyar
yek holee (qateet'ah)
bey-ar
zang keu-jast?
yek jeuft papoosh
bedeh ?
man yek sham' mee-
/c/(R-hain
man A-/teyal daram
i'arrda berrav-am
niarra seubh -i zood
beedar keun
emshab Meuneuk ast
le-hafi deegari* beugzar
nokarr ra beferrest
nokarri marra sada
keun
yek charra^/t beyar
77
English.
Persian (roraanized).
I'roiiiinciation.
Make a fire
Put that outside
Light the lamp
Fetch my gloves
Mend my stockings
Get me a mosquito
curtain
Why are you so
late ?
Bring me a cushion
What do you re-
quire, sir?
Give me some hot
water
Clean my shoes
I want a shave
Is there a barber
about here ?
Send my boots to
be repaired
Let this linen go
to the laundry
My clothes are wet
Please dry them
Brush my clothes
Are you tuning to
change your
clothes, sir?
Let us have the bill
Is the luggage
ready ?
Send the luggage to
the station
Take me to the
station
I am pressed for
time
dtash roshan kun
inrd l/ugzdr blrun
lanipdrd roslian kun
dastkaahe mard
beydr [kun
jurdbe mard rafo
yek pashshahddn
beydr
cherd dlr kardid?
atash ro-shan keun
eenra beugzar beeroon
lampara ro-shan keun
dast-kashi marra beyar
joorabi marra rafo keun
yek pash-shah-dan
beyar
cherra deerr karrdeed?
yek bdlesh beydr yek balesh beyar
dqd cheh imkhdhid? aqa che mee-Wia-heed ?
qadrl dbe gann
beydr [kun
kafslthaye mard pdk
man rishamrd ml-
khdham betardsliam
dyd dar In nazdiki
dukkdne dalldki
hast.'
kafslie mard beferest
ta'mlr kitnand
In rakhtrd berakht-
shur beferest \aml
lakhthaye man tar- [
I ut fan dnhdrd
k/ius/tk kun [kun,
rakhthdye mard pdki
dqd lebdse kliutlf-
tdnrd avaz klid-
hlil hard?
liesdbrd beyirlm
dyd ashyd 1 hdzer
ast?
ashyd 1 rd beferestl
be gar
mard bebar be gdr
(be estdneyon)
vaqt naddram
i.e. I have iiot time
qadree abi garrm beyar
[keuu
kafsh-ha-yi marra pak
man reeshamia mee-
Ma-ham be-tarrasham
aya darr een nazdeekee
deuk-kani dallakee
hast ?
kaf-shi marra beferrest
ta'meerr keunand
een rafr/*t-ra beraAVjt-
shoorr beferrest
raA7tt-ha-yi man tarand
leut-fan aiihara Meushk
keun [keun
raA-/it-ha-yi marra pak
aqa lebasi Ar/ieu-det-
an-ra avaz A7<a-heed
karrd ?
he-sabra be-geereem
aya ash-ya' hazerr ast?
ash-ya' ra beferrest
be gar
marra beb-arr be gar
(be esta-sey-on)
vaqt nadaram
78
English.
Meals. (Kheurak.)
(For Vocabularies see page* 31 to 26.'
Persian (romanized).
Pronuneiat'on.
Show rne the bill-
fehrcste (ta'refahe)
feh-resti (ta're-fah-i)
of-fare
ft/hazard beyar
gr/mz-ara beyar
Please bring tea
lutfan dial va ndne
leutfan cha-ee va nani
and cakes
sfiakarl beyar
shak-arree beyar
What is your order?
cheh mifarmdld?
che mee-farr-ma-eed?
Please make me
lutfan qadrl chdl
leutfan qadree cha-ee
some tea
durust kim
deureust keun
Bring me the teapot
i/ fir i rd beyar Injd
qooree ra beyar een a
I will make the tea
man klni'lam mlkhd-
man /c//eudam niee-AVcl-
myself
ham chdlrd dnnixt
ham cha ee-ra dju-
(dam) kunam
reust (dam) keunam
I am thirsty
man taxhnaham
man tash-nali-am [ar
Another cup of tea
yek chdle dlijarbeydr
yek chaee-i deegarr bey-
Give me some more
qadrl biditar qand
qadree beeslitarr qand
sugar (milk)
(*lilr) beydr
(sheerr) beyar
Put some more wa-
ijadn db rd kun tu-
qadiee ab va keun too-
ter in the teapot
ye ctidlddn (qurl)
yi cha-eedan (qooree)
Have you any fresli
dyd karalie tdzah
aya kara-hi taza da-
butter ?
darld ?
* reed ?
I am hungry
man i/urtisnah am
man geureusnah am
It is quite uneat-
in hick kliurdanl
een beech Meurr-dan-et-
able
nist
neest [neest
[t is undrinkable
:n mlshiilanl nut
een noo-shee-dan-ee
Thisisquiteenough
(in) baxast
(een) bas-ast
May I ofl'er you
qadrl mdhl mail
qadree ma-hee mayl
some fish ?
ddrid? \ayad
dareed ? [mee-ayad
It looks tasty
In benazar khilb ml-
een ben-azarr A;/<oob
Thanks, I will take
lutfe xlutmd zt't/dl,
leutfi sheuma zeyad
some
qadrl eltefdt kunld
qadree eltefat keuneed
Which do you pre-
knddmrd mail dd-
keudiimra mayl dareed?
fer?
nd 1
\ pivfer roast to
man ka!>dbrd bedb
man kab-abra be-ab
boiled
pnkht tarjlh ml-
peu/cAt tarr-jeeh
d ah am
meeda-ham
Kither will do
har kmldm bd^had,
harr keiulam bashad
Is there any fish to
dyd Injd mdhl paidd
aya eenja ma-hee pay-
be got ?
mlshauad'
da rneeshav-ad ?
What fish have you?
c/iehjurmd/tl ddrldl
che joorr mahee dareed?
There is none
hlch namdndah ast
beech namandah ast
79
English.
IVrsUn (roinanized).
Pronunciation.
Tell the cook to
make chicken
broth [cook
He is not a good
I have nothing to
eat
Is the soup ready ?
[served)
Dinner is ready (or
Do you like...?
I must have them
fresh
Give me a little,
please
Will you pass the
mustard ?
Pass me the sauce
Waiter, some bread
What wine will you
take, sir?
Show me the wine
list
Have you English
beer?
Open the bottle and
bring it here
Is this water fil-
tered ?
Is it good for
drinking ?
What meat is there?
Give me a slice of
ham
Have you any roast
beef?
Do you prefer well-
done or under-
done?
What will you take
now ?
bedshpaz ber/it qadrl
dbe munjh durnst
kunad
dshpaze khiibi nist
man hich khurdani
(yhazd') naddram
dyd ash (dbyusht)
hater ast f
sham hdzer ast
dyd...mail ddnd?
agar tdzah ast
i.e. If it is fresh
Intfan qadrl eltefdt
knn (bedeli)
lutfan khardalrd
eltefdt kunld?
chdshnlrdeltefdtkun
nokar, qadrl nan
beydr
cheh shardbl mail
ddrld?
fehreste shardbrd
beydr
dyd dbe joye (hiralie)
enryells ddnd?
shiskahrd vd kun
beydr Injd
dyd in db tasfeyah
shudah axt?
dyd In db bardye
khnrdan khilb ast?
cheh t/ushtl ddnd/
yek jidrchah yushte
khuk bedeh
dyd kabdbe gtifshte
fjdt- ddnd.'
kuddnird mailddrldl
pnklitali yd nlm-
pnltht/
hdld cheh mail dd-
rtd*
be-ash-paz begoo qad-
ree abi meurr^/t deu-
reuat keunad
ashpazi Moobee neest
man heech /c/teurr-dan-
ee (^r/taz-a) nad-aram
aya ash (ab-goosht)
ha-zerr ast ?
sham ha-zerr ast
aya...mayl dareed ?
agarr tazah ast
leutfan qadree eltef-at
keun (bed-eh)
leutf m /f/iarrdalra el-
tefat keuneed? [keun
chash-neera el-tefat
no-karr, qadree nan
beyar
che sharabee mayl
dareed ?
feh-resti sharabra be-
yar
aya abi joy-i (beerah-i)
en-gelees dareed?
sheesha-ra va keun
beyar eenja
aya een ab tas-feya
sheudah ast ?
aya een ab bara-yi
/c/ieurrdan /c/toob ast?
che gooshtee dareed?
yek parclia gooshti
A'Aook bedeh
aya kab-abi gooshti gav
dareed ?
keudainra mayl dareed
peu/r/ttah ya neem-
peu/rAo ?
hala che mayl dareed?
80
English. Persian (romanized). Pronunciation.
A little of the fat
qadrl (jushte roghani] qadree gooshti ro-gh&n-
beydr ee beyar
Give me some lean
qadrl i/uxhte mdhi-
qadree gooshti ma-hee-
chah bedeh
cha bedeh
Will you carve this
In murgh rd taqslin
een meurr^/i ra taqseem
fowl ?
kunld' [kun
keuneed? [keun
Change ray plate
hnxhqdbe mard avaz
beushqabi marra avaz
Will you have some
qadrl slbe zanilnl
qadree seebi zameenee
potatoes ?
mail ddrid?
mayl dareed ?
Boiled (roasted)
stbezamlnledb j/jukht
seebi zarneenee-i ab
potatoes
(surkh hard ah)
peu/c/tt (seur/c/i karrdah)
I am not fond of
wri)t chanddn tnd-
man chandan ma-yel-i
potatoes
yele slbe zamlnl
seebi zameenee nees-
nlstam
tam
Hand me your butkq&bt hhudrd el~ beush-qabi Meudra el-
plate
I will not take any
[some more ?
Shall I bring you
I can't eat any
more
No, thank you
I feel ill
I have a sore
throat
I have a head-
tefdt kunld?
mail iKitlarani,
namik/idhatn
bdz mail ddrid?
have
ache
1 have caught cold
I have a pain in
my back
I have a bad cough
I have a pain here
You had better con-
sult the doctor
Are you not afraid
of sunstroke ?
tefat keuneed
mayl nadaram, namee-
Ar/ta-ham
baz mayl dareed ?
d'Kjar nauiUavdnai\ deegarr nameetavanam
bekhuram [zeydd\ be-Meuram
nail lutfe shumd i na leutfi sheuma zeyad
Health. (Tandeureustee, Sahhat.)
(For Vocabulary see page 33.)
man ndkhusliam, \ man na-A;/teusham,
man hdl nadaram
darde f/alil ddram,
yaluyam
kunad
saram dard mlku-
darde sar ddram
sarmd khurdaham
man hal nadaram
darrdi galoo daram,
dai-ii ml- galoo-yam darrd mee-
[nad, keunad [nad,
saram darrd meekeu-
darrdi sarr daram
sarr-ma /c/teurr-dah-am
pushtam dard miku- peushtam darrd mee-
nad keunad
surfahe badl ddram seur-fah-i badee daram
injdyam dard ml- eenja-yam darrd mee-
kunad keunad
khub ast behaklm khoob ast be-ha-keem
nesJidn bedehld neshan be-de-heed
dyd az zarbe-dfetdb aya az zarrbi-afetab
namltarsld? na-meetarr-seed ?
English.
81
I'ersiau (romnniaed).
Pronunciation.
NY 1 i;it are you
-. i-lii'/i iHiturxiil '
ax che meetarr-so<><l v
afraid of?
Please call a good
lutfan i/e/c hak'nne
leutfan yek ha-keemi
doctor for mo
khubl beydr
Moobee beyar
He will come im-
aldn nndyad, aldn
alan mee-a-yad, alan
mediately
khdhad dmail
Ma-bad amad
Thedoctorhasconie
hakim, dm ad
ha-keem amad
I wish to consult
man tnlkhahain khn-
man mee-fr/ja-ham
you
damrd /Wmww
AAeudamra besheuma
-.lit., I will show myself
to yon]
nexhiln bi'ili-ham
neshan be-de-ham
Let me feel your
liable n/iumdrd bebi-
iiiibxi sheumara bebee-
pulse
nam
nam
How do you feel
emriiz ahvdle shinnfi
emrooz ahvali sheuiu;i
to-day ?
chch tor ast
che torr ast ?
Much better, thank
alhatndii lelldli
al-bamdeu lellah /.-//ay-
you [tion
khaill behtar n*f
lee beh-tarr ast
Here is a prescrip-
In nuskhah ast
een neusW/a ast
Have it made up
hcferestld < la vn kh a -
beferesteed clav-a-/.-/ifi-
at a chemist's
nah besdzand
nah bessii-zand
Where is there a
davdkhdnah ku)<l*t,.'
dav-il-/.V(ana keujast ?
chemist's? [cine
Here is the medi-
In davdst
een dav-ast
This medicine is
ruzl sell da fall <r. In
roozee seh daf-ah ;ix
to be taken three
davd (bdyad) b<>-
een dav-a, (ba-ya<h
times a day
kurld
be-A7eureed
Please tell me the
time
What time is it ?
Ten minutes past
seven
It has just struck
nine [ing
The clock is strik-
A quarter past one
It is past one
Half- past four [six
Twenty minutes to
Persian S.-T,
The Time.
(For Vocabulary, seo p. IS
(lutfan befarmdid)
sdat chand ast
c/u'h vaqt ast ? or
*t /
dcn{i<i((/i : Inift
aldn sdat n/i ra
zad
sdat mi'Minnl
yek-va-ifckntb 1
az yek gttztuM&k <i*t
cite/id r-ra-nhit
(leutfan befarr-ma-eed)
s&-at chand ast
che vaqt ast ?
sa-at chand ast ?
dah daqeeqa az haft
geuzashta
aliiu sa-at neuh rfi
zad
sa-at meeza-nad
yek-eu-yekreub*
az yek geuzashtah ast
che-har-eu-neem
beest daqeeqa be shesh
Q
82
English. Persian U'omauized). Pronunciation.
A quarter to eight
By my watch
Exactly 3 o'clock
At what time ?
9 a.m.
i/e/i rub i he haslit
bd sdate man
tain elm sdat seh
chch vaqt?
sdate nuke sttbli
yek reub' be hasht
ba sa-ati man
tamarn sa-at seh
che vaqt ?
sa-at-i neuh-i seubh
7 p.m.
It is not late
^date hafte asr
dlr nlst
sa-at-i hafti asrr
deerr neest
It is early
zf(d ast
zood ast
Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc,
(Menkhaberat, pcnst, telgeruf, va ghai/rcli.)
(For V, calmlarles uee pages SO to 38 ; lor I'ostal charges, page 93.)
Have no letters
come this morn-
ing?
No, none have come
He ought to be here
by now [ing
I have heard noth-
Has the mail stea-
mer arrived ?
Go and see if the
mail is in
Are there any let-
ters for me ?
J have not received
any letter
Please post this
letter
Please forward my
letters to...
Please weigh this
letter
How much is the
postage on these
letters ?
I am just going to
read it
Can you lend me a
pen ? [pencil ?
Have you a lead
finnlz subh Inch kd-
tiliaz amadah ant/
[ilah ast
nalt, Inch nai/dma-
u ta liala layext
Injd hdshad [dam
man chizl nashnl-
dyd kashtle jiust
amadah ast'
bero bebln chapdr
amadah ast
ay a Icd'/hazi bardye
man Itaxt!
man kayhaz na<je-
reftam
I ut fan, In hdghazrd
bedeh bechdpdr
lutfan kayhazhaye
ward befere.it lie...
lutfan In hdyhazrd
be/fash
njrate pustc in
kdyhasltd chand
axt!
man aldn mlkhdham
fird bt'khdnam
dyfl qalaturd eltefdt
niiknnid-
dyd meddd ddrld?
emrooz seubh heech
ka-<//taz amadah ast?
[ah ast
nah, heech na-ya-mad-
oo ta hala ba-yest eenja
bash ad [dam
man cheezee nashnee-
aya kashtee-i peust
amadah ast ?
berro bebeen chapar
amadah ast ?
aya ka///tazee barra-yi
man hast?
man ka-#/iaz nagerref-
tam
leutfan, een ka-^/tazra
bedeh bechapar
leutfan ka-^/taz-ha-yi
marra belerrest be...
leutfan een ka-^/tazra
bekash
euj-rati peusti een ka-
g'/taz-ha chand ast ?
man alan mee-/r/ia-ham
oora be-A:/anam
aya qalamra eltefat
meekeuneed ?
aya medad dareed ?
83
English.
Persian (romiuii/nl).
Pronunciation.
I want some note-
paper [lope
Give me an enve-
Where is the ink ?
Lend me a piece of
blotting-paper
Get me some
stamps
Tell him to wait
I will send a reply
later
Can I send a tele-
gram ?
I have received a
telegram from...
Please send this
telegram
Has a telegram
come for me?
I want a postal
order
The payee's name
and address are...
The sender's name
and address are...
I am the sender
I am the payee
Please cash this
money order
(postal order)
This letter to be
registered
Registered letter
Receipt for do.
Apartment
Entrance
Exit
Furnished room
Keep off the grass
man qadrl kayhaze
chdpdrl mlkhdham
yek pdkdt bedeh
' mil ra Ideal) kujdst?
I yek />drchah kdghaze
\ dblcash beinanbedeh
: cltand tamre pust
bar dye man beylr
beyii sabr hunad
wan javdb lihdham
ferextdd
dyd mltavdnain yek
telijerdf beferestam?
man yek telijerdf az
...f/ereftaw
hit fan in telijerdf rd
beferext
dyd telijerdf I hardye
man dniadali ast-
man yek bardie jmst
mlkhdhain,
ndm ra adrase gl-
randah...ast
ndm va adrase fe-
restandah...ast
manam ferestandah
man am glrandah
I tit fan in askendsrd
(hardte pimt-ra)
kliiird kun
In kdfi/iaz bay ad
sofdrexhi beshavad
kdr/haze sefdreslri
qabze sefdreshi
man qadree kfW/7iazi
chaparee mee-A/ja-ham
yek pakat bedeh
meurak-kab keujast ?
yek parchah ka///mz-i
abkash beman bedeh
chand tamri peust
barra-yi man begeerr
begoo sabrr keunad
man jav-ab A-Aa-liam
ferrestad
aya meeta-vanam yek
telgerraf beferrostam?
man yek tel-gerraf az...
gerreftam
leutfah een tel-gerraf-ra
beferrest
aya tel-gerrafee barra-
yi man amadah ast?
man yek barrati peust
inee-/c/ia-ham
nam va ad-rassi gee-
ran-dah...ast
nam va ad-rassi ferres-
tanda...ast
manam ferrestanda
manam geeranda
leutfan een asken-as-ra
(barrati peust-r<a)
/f/teurrd keun
een ka-///taz ba-yad sef-
areshee beshavad
ka-.v/taz-i sefareshee
qab-zi sefareshee
Notices. (E-e'landt.)
manzel,
madkhal
makliraj
iltaqi' farsk shitdah
ruije aabzak maro
manzel, ft/tana
mad -Mai
ma/r/t-raj
eutaqi fa ITS h sheuda
roo-yi sabza marro
G*
84
English. I'prsian (romauizod). Pronunciation.
Knock ; ring
dar bi'^m ; xanii be-
darr bezan ; sang bezan
No admittance
madklutl ]xt [zan
mad-/f/(al neest
No smoking allowed
diikhdiiiydt fjada-
deu-A;Aanee-yat (jadn-
< lli an <t*t
<//tan ast
No thoroughfare
rah baxtn/i ast
rali bastah ast
Please do not touch
liitfaii duxt tnazan
leutfan dast mazan
Please wipe vour
littjankujxhf klmdi-d lentfan kaf-shi Meudra
feet
pale kmi pak keun
Private
1,-hmusl /rAeusoosee
I'niilic notice
i'-i''l('nii' ininlniJ e-e'lani eumoonu'i;
Pull (i.e. open)
vd kmi va keun
Push (i.e. close)
l>J*lt l.-nn- peesh keun
Refreshments
niftfi/irilbdt mashroobat
To be let, to let
...I;t'i-<lt/(ili7. hard !/< ...ke-ra-ya-hee, ba-ra-yi
kerayah [ye furits/i ke-ra-yab [yi feuroosh
To be sold
...furnl<lit<ni>,bara- ...feurooM-tanee, ba-ra-
Unfurnished room
utaqe khtin cutaqi /c/mlee
Walk in
In' ilil in Ixiva too
In Town. (Darr sJwJir.)
(For Vocabulary see page 20.)
Where shall we go?
kn/d lnTiiniii.'
keuja berra-veem ?
Let us go [to...?
beravim
berra-veem
Which is the way
I'd/if. ..L-iiddin (tut .'
rah-i...keudam ast ?
Where does this
In rdli hckuja iiiira-
con rah bek-euja mee-
road lead to?
vad?
ravad ?
Go up the street
k/lrhahrd bt>rn bald
koochara berro bala
Is it far from here?
di/d a: Injd ilfir ast/
ay a ax eenja door ast ?
How far is it to...?
elicit <ja<ir rah ast
che qadrr rah ast be...?
be...? \bedeli
[bedeh
Show me the way
rdhrd beman neshdn
rahra beman neshan
Turn to the right
banjard bedn*ti' rdxt
barrgarrd bedasti rast
Go quickly
tinnl bero
teund berro
Go slowly
<~ilit'stah (eirfim) bero
a-hesta (Aram) berro
Go straight on
rdst bero
rast berro
Second turning to
kuchahe durvitm
koochah-i deuvveuni
the right
dastc rdst
dasti rast
Take the first to
bero kilclinhe a mil
berro koochah-i avval
the right and the
daste rdst ba'd be-
dasti rast ba'd bek-
second to the left
kuchahe dnrnnn
oochab-i deuvveuui
daste chap
dasti chap
85
EiiKlish.
Persian (romanized).
Pronuucldtlon.
to the left
Cross the road
In what stive t is...?
1'irase tell me the
nearest way to...'?
Is this the way to... V
Do you know
Mr. ...?
I do not know any-
one of that name
i know him very
well
What is his name'?
Who is he '?
He is an old friend
of mine
Where does he live'?
Quite near
Are Mr. ...and Mrs.
...at home?
Have you a card ?
Give him my card
I will call again
.Does he expect
you?
He is expecting me
I have an engage-
ment with him
Good morning
How do you do ?
Very well ; I am
very well
I'must go
Good-bye, farewell.
Good morning
(evening, night)
Sat Idle my horse
Call the dog
it: <laxt,' (tarafe)chaji
kin-halt id Inii/tar
...dar ImddHi. ktl-
i-hah ast?
/at fan na:dlktarin
rdhc...rd be man
nlln'... in axt.'
<~H~t....rd mlshend-
td. .'
kaslm brln nam
lUtlltlxlli'lKlxdiii
man urn k/tilh mi-
name u chi*t/
ll Ictxt.'
man axt
kttjd
besydr nazdlk
(dyd> dqd..va madam
...lihdnalt hastaiid.'
dya kdrd ddrld?
lid rdc mard bedehbe u
wan dubdrah (&<<-)
dmad
dyd u
shumdat?
a vnnita :<'<v ///// <t*t
man bd ll i/ek '-
dah ddram
saldmun
ahrdlc
(tl/tamdn Idlalt,
bcsydi' khftli
bay ad be meant
-/./i n dd liat'et
mum zni 1,-ini
sa<ji'd sadd Imn
a/, dasti (tarrati) chap
koocha ra bengzarr
. . .darr keudiim koocliah
ast '?
leutfan nazdeek-tarreeu
rah-i...ra beman
neslian bedeh
;i\,-i i-;lh-i...een ast ?
aqa...ra meeshenaseed?
kaseera be-een nfun
namee-shen-asam
man oora /.7toob mee-
shen-asam
uanii oo cheest?
oo keest ?
oo yek doosti cjadee-
mee-i man ast
keuja meenesh-eenad ?
bes-yar ra/deek
(iiya ) aqa . . . va madam . . .
A7/ana hastand ?
iiya ktlrd dareed ?
kardi marra bedeh be oo
man deubara (baz) /c/a-
ham amad
ay a oo m< un-ta/en-i
sheumast ?
oo meun-tazerri man ast
man ba oo yek va'dah
darani
salameun alaykeiin
ahvali sharreef ?
al-hamdeu lellah,
bes-yar /.-/toob
b'a-yad burravam
A7ieu-da ha- fez
aslii niiirrft /een keuu
baurra tada keun
86
English.
Persian (romanized).
Pronunciation.
Do not forget to
feed the pony
You haven't fed
him
Can you take me
to a good hotel ?
Is there an inn
about here?
\Vli;it is the name
of that village ?
What sort of a road
is it?
Which way am I
to go ? [way
You are in the right
You are quite out
of the way
1 want to be off
When do you start?'
Have you hired n
conveyance ?
I shall go by cart
alafe asbe kuchek ra
fardmiish makim
shtund be-u khnrdk
(alaf) nadddJ'l
dydm'ttardmd mard
beyek mehmdnhlxl -
Hit In'- h-lllllilln lull-ill!
d yd ilar nt iia-.'lil.-i
kdrednsard liaxt '
In deh chlst- \
vheli jur rdhist?
n z Icuddm rdhbdi/ad
beracam?
hain't n rdlt rant ast
x/iitmd rdhrd <jnni
kardahld
man bdyad ln-rar<im\
kai nnraold' kai lui-
di/d
ln- l;lindrd
man bd delijdnl.-lut-
haui raft
alafi asbi koochek ra
faramoosh makeun
sheuma be-oo AVieurak
(alaf) nadadeed
fiya meetavaneed murra,
beyek meh-man-/c/tanah-
i /c/ioobee bebarreed ?
uya darr een nazdeekee
karvansara hast ?
nami een deh cheest ?
che joorr ni-heest ?
az keudam nib bfi-yad
berravam ?
hameen rah rast ast
sheuma riihm giiiim
karrdaheed
man ba-yad berravam
kay meerav-eed? kay
ha rrakat meekeuneed?
aya sheuma kuleskah-i
/c/teudra kerra-ya
karrdah-eud ?
man ba delee-jan /://,-
ham raft
Shopping. (Khareed.)
For Vocabularies Bee pages 15 to is, & 21 to S
1 want some silk
This silk is very
dear
This material wears
well
I will guarantee it
I don't guarantee it
Please show me
some gloves
man qadrl abrlshum
nn/chdhum
in abrlshnin khaill
gerdn out
In jtdrcJiah khaill
davdm mlkunad
man zamdnat miku-
nam \namlkunam
man Inrd .-.amcinal,
littfan ckand jiift
dastkask be man
neshdn bedeh
man qadree abreesheum
mee-/c/*a-ham
een abreesheum Mayiee
gerran ast
een parchah AVtaylee
<1 avari! meekeunad
man zamanat meekeu-
nam [meekeunam
man eenra zarnanat na-
leutfan chand jeuft
dastkash beman
neshan bedeh
87
English.
Persian (ronmnizcd).
Pronunciation.
How much is this In saniliiif cliandaxt't een saudooq chandast?
cabinet ?
May I see it ?
I want to see that
screen
I should think it
would do
What is the lowest
price ? [sive ?
Is this vase expen-
I will select the
best from among
these
I want to see some
curios
Are they really
genuine ?
I don't think it is
genuine
How old is this
vase?
May I choose for
myself ?
May I show it to
you?
Please give me
about ten
This suits me, but
the price is too
high
I have ordered it
It is not new [more
I don't want any
It is dearer than I
thought
[made
This is native-
This is cheaper
That is imported
(bty&r) bebinam /
man nrikhiham In
pardah rd bebln<un
giiyd kamln khubaxi
qaimate dkher c/iand
axt? [oat?''
dyd m zarf yer tin-
man az liainah bch-
t-arraazmeyaneinha
seed khdham hard
man mlkhdham ba'-
zl antikhd bebinam
dyd Inhd haqiqatan
a*land?
man gumdn nami-
kunam kehlnaxl a*t
dyd in :arf chc/i
qadr knhnah ast-
! dydmltavdnamklnt-
dain sevd knnani:
dyd mail ddrld fird
beshurnd nesltdn
bedeham ?
Intfan beqadre dak
td bedeh
Inbekdreman nnklni-
rad amind qaima-
tash kltaill yeran
ast \jlddam
man urd sef&resh
In tdzali nut
diyar namikhdliaiii
In (jerantarast az
dncheh man klie-
ydl kardam
In male ddkhelah ast
In arzdntarast
an male kkdrejah ast
(beyar) bebee-nam ?
man mee-Ar/tii-ham een
parrda ra beb-eenam
goo-ya hameen /c/toob-
ast
qaymat-i a-/r//errcband-
ast?
aya een zarrf gerranast.'
man az hau:;i. beh-tar-
ra az meyani een-ha
seva /Jta-ham karrd
man inee/rM-ham ba'zet:
an tee k- ha bebeenam
aya een-ha haqee-qat-
an as-land ?
man geuman namuo-
keunam keh een asl ast
aya een zarrf che qadrr
keuhnah ast?
aya meetavanam kheu-
dam seva keunam ?
aya mayl dareed oora
besheu-ma neshiln
be-de-ham ?
leutfan beqadri da ta
bedeh
een bekari man met--
A7teurad am ma qay-
matash A7i.aylee ger-
ran ast "dam
man oora sefaresh da-
een taza neest
deegarr namee-A:/iaham
een gerran-tarrast a/
ancheh man kheyal
karrdam
een mali da-A/tel-ah ast
een arrzantarr-ast
an mali /,7/a-rej-ah ast
88
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
This is a still better
one
It won't do at all
I must have it
Uo\v much do you
a^k for it?
I can't let you have
them for less
llo\v much do you
require ?
I will buy this
How do you like this
1 don't like any of
these
Do you want any-
thing else ?
Nothing else to-
day [worth :'
I low much is this
Send the things to
my hotel
What name, sir ?
address, madam?
/// qadn bchtaraxt
[kkurad
In Inch bi'kdr nann-
IIKUI lira bay ad be-
kliaram
In fit dm ltd inlguid?
iidni'itdfiniani. kam-
tar Ix'ili'/idin
i:luintl in ilc/id luil
[bekhdi'din
lint n In fd m'tkhdlidin
in I'd mlpasandld?
</: 'inlidrd
dyd chizi d'uiar ini-
IchdhW
null rnirttz chili dl-
f/<ir inunlkhdliain
in dtuiiil nriarzad?
in hum be.ferest man-
zele man
iiijtl, bcndme keh?
een qadre.t beh-tarr-ast
[ee-A7<eurad
een heech bekar nam-
uian oora ba-yad be-
AVmrram
eenra chand meegoo-
eed?
namee-tava-nam kam-
tarr bed-e-ham
chand mee-Mii-heed ?
[be-^/mrrani
man eenra mee-A7ia-ham
oenra nieepas-andeed?
heech-yek az een-hara
namee-pas-andam
aya cheezee deegarr
mee-/i//a-heed ?
nah enirooz cheezee dee-
gari 1 namee-/r/(ri-li;[in
een chand mee-arr-/ad?
een-hara beferest inan-
xel-i man
aqa, ben-ami keh ?
bekeuju, madam?
Commercial and Trading. (Tcjamt
i For Vocabulary .- ;
May I show you
my samples ?
1 can sell at...
1 can't come down
in price
It is impossible to
sell at that figure
I will consult my
partner and let
vou know
dyd mail ddrld
nemunahdyainrd
beshumd neshdn
bedeham?
bej'ui'i~(sha>tt
numitavdnaiii ktun-
tar in'ili'lniiii
beln (jainiat furukh-
tdii niiunkett >ii*t
bd sharlke khnd
mashvarat mlku-
nam va beshumd
khabar mulaham
ayA. mayl dareed neiu-
oona-ha-yam-ra be-
sheuma neshan be-
de-haui ?
man be...meeta-vanaui
befeurooshaiu
nam-eeta-vanam kam-
tarr be-de-ham
be-een qayrnat feuroo/c/t-
tan meumken neest
ba sharree-ki /c/teud
rnashvarrat rneekeu-
uaui va besheuma
Wtabarr meeda-hani
89
KnliK)i. IVi-sinn (roiiianized). Pronunciation.
We will consider
md fekr klialnm
na iekrr /.-Au-heem
the mutter
(anl
karrd
We have none in
Itlrh hdzer naddrlm
heech ha/err nadareem
stock
I will assume the
man masfdlyatrd
man massoolee-yatra
liability
ijuli/ll ild ram
qabool daram
1 urn afraid I shall
nritarxfnii In indl
meetarr-sam een nifil
lose on the sale
sarar lic/nniad
xarrarr bek-eunad
of the goods
I want some
man chand maxtu-
man chand mastoora
samples
rah mikhdhani.
mee-/c/ia-ham
Submit samples
neinunahe...rd beje-
nemoonah-i...ra befer-
of...
rcst
rest
The goods are in-
mdlhd az nemfinah
mal-ha nz nemoo-nah
ferior to samples
pasttarand
past-tarrand
Show me several
chand jur masturj/K
'cLand joorr mastoorah
patterns
neshdn bedeli
neshan bedeh
How many hands
chaml kclrtjar darld't
chand kargarr dareed?
do you employ ?
1 employ forty men
chehcl kdryar ddrain
che-hel karrgarr daram
There is a steamer
ych kanliti tlar esga-
yek kashtee darr es-gal-
at the jetty
lah haxt
ah hast
What cargo have
cht'h indU dar kaslttl
cheh malee darr kash-
you on board ?
ddrid?
tee dareed ?
I want a cargo boat
;////. kaxht'ie tejdratl
yek kashtee-i tejara-tee
wihhdliam
mee-/.7/i1-ham
Is there accommo-
dyd dar Icax/itl ba-
ay a darr kashtee barra-
dation for pas-
rdye mmaferln
yi meusn-ferreen ra-
sengers ?
rdhatl hast?
hat-ee hast ?
Is food prepared on
dyd dai kaxhfj khu-
aya darr kashtee /.V/eu-
board ?
rdk mldahand?
rak meeda-haud ?
When can you de-
ayar man sefdreshl
ag-arr man sef-areshee
liver if I give
beshumd bedehatn
besheumii bed-e-ham
you an order ?
kai mldahld?
kay meeda-heed ?
I cannot give you
matt namltavdnam
man nameetav-anain
an order
beshumd sefdreshl
besheuma sefa-reshee
bedeham
bed-e-ham
I wish to cancel the
man mlhhdhaw sci'd-
man rnee-AVm-ham sef-
order r68kr&fa*ftk biumm
areshra fasA'A keunam
You must come shiimd bdyad hhailll sheuina ba-yad /c/taylet
down a great deal talthflf bedehld taM-feef bed-e-heed
90
English. Persian (ronianlzed). Pronunciation.
I can't buy at that
bfin qaimat nami-
be-een qaymat namee-
figure
tavdnan l>ekharan>
ta-vanam be-/t7tarram
What is your bot-
qaimate dkhere shu-
qaymat-i a/r/terri sheu-
tom price ?
nt a chand ast?
ma chand ast?
Well, I will give
khiib ! man be
Moob ! man be...mee-
you... but that is
midaham ammd In
da-ham, amma een
iny last bid
qaimate dkher axt
qaymat-i a-A7/err ast
If you care to accept
aijar beln i/aiuuit
ug-aiT be-een qaymat
this figure let me : i/afnil kardid
qabool karrdeed A7tab-
know
kliabar bedehld
arr bed-e-heed
Have the goods
m&lhdforan bekash-
mal-ha f'orran be-kash-
shipped at once
it luiinl shud
tee haml shend
Better keep back
hi'/ittirast kt'lt null- beh-tarr-ast keh mal-
the goods till the
hdrd ncijdh ddnd hara neg-ilh dareed
next steamer
td jehdu' di/andah ta je-hazi a-yandah
When will you be
1,-ai kh&hidbaryagJtt/ kay /.-//fi-heed barrgasht?
back ? [toms ?
Where is the cus-
<fninruk kajdstl
geumreuk keujast ?
Is there an answer?
javdbi hast-
jav-abee hast?
Tell him to wait
beyu sabr lcini<id
beg-oo sabrr keunad
He need not wait
Idzem nut sabr l;n-
lazem neest sabrr keu-
nad
nad
Ask him to come in
bt-i/il bei/iiyad tu
beg-oo be-ya-yad too
I will go myself
man kliudam k/id-
man Meudam /r/m-ham
ham raft [ravld
raft [berrav-eed
You need not go
f</i it nid Idzemnutle- sheuma lazem neest
Have you shipped
dyd iitdllidrd bekas/i aya mal-hara bekashtee
the goods ?
tl dddld.'
dadeed ?
There are errors
in hesdb chand jd
een lies sab chand ja
in the account
sahv ddra/l
sahv darad
You have over-
shin/id fiz man ze-
sheuma az man zeya-
charged me
yddl fjereftld
dee gerrefteed
This is a clerical
In native mlrzdst
een sahvi meerr-zast
error [error
[kardnm [karrdam
I have deducted the
man sahvra menhd\ man sahv-ra men-hn
It is more than we
in zeyddtar az dnast een zey-ad-tarr az au-
arranged
keh qardrguzdsh-
ast keh qarrar geu-
tlm
zashteem
Send in our account
hesdbe mard beferest
hessabi marra beferest
I want a detailed
man yek hesdbe mu-
man yek hessabi meu-
account
fassal mikhdham
fassal mee-Ma-ham
01
English.
Persian (roumnized).
Pronunciation.
Here is a cheque
for your account
Will you accept a
bffl?
These goods must
be carefully packed
Put this mark on
the boxes
The boxes must be
iron-bound
The boxes must be
tin -bound
Trade is good
Trade is dull
He has become
bankrupt
The firm is in liqui-
dation
[lit., will be closed]
Are these notes
good?
In bljaki' talabe
ilt/i'i burnt (jab id ini-
kunld.'
In mdlhd bay ad
bd deqqat bantali
nhavand
in iii'xhanrd butjzdr
nlye sanduqhd
In sanduqhd bdyad
dhan - bandl be-
shavaml
in sanduqhd bay ad
be halabl gereftah
shavand
bazar ramjaxt
bazar kasdtlaxt
u varshekastah xhnd
In tejdratlchdnah
ba stah khdhadshud
dyd In askendshd
khuband?
een bee-jak-i tal-ab-i
sheumast
aya barrat qab-ool mee-
keuneed ?
een mal-ha ba-yad ba-
deq-qat bastah shav-
and
een neshan-ra beug-zar
roo-yi sandooq-ha
een sandooq-ha ba-yad
a-han bandee besh-
av-and
een sandooq-ha ba-yad
be hallabee gerref-
tah shav-and
ba-ziir ravaj-ast
ba-zar kassad-ast
oo varr-shek-asta
ahead
een tej-arat-A;/mna bas-
tah A;Aa-had sheud
aya een as-kenas-hii
AViOoband ?
Money-Changing.
(For Tables of Money see pp. 5 & 1)0.)
Where is tfcere a
money-changer ?
Can you give me
change ?
Yes, sir ; what
change do you
want?
Will you give me
Persian money ?
Please give me
bank-notes [in...
Give me the amouu t
Please change this
into small money
dukkdne xarrdfi
kujdxt?
dyd pid khurd inl-
kunld!
balidqd! chehsekkah
(pul) mlkhdhid?
pule Iran bedekld!
lutfan uskendse-
bdnk bedehld
pule . . . bedehld
lutfan Inrd pule
deuk-kani sarrafee keu-
jast ?
aya pool fc/ieurrd mee-
keuneed ?
bal-ee aqa! che sek-
ka (pool) mee-Ma-
heed ?
pooli eeran bed-e-heed ?
leutfan as-ken-asi-bank
bed-e-heed
pooli. ..bed-e-heed
leutfan eenra pooli
khurdah bedehld? /r/ieurrda bed-e-heed
92
Kiik'lish.
Persian (romauized).
Pronunciation.
Will you cash this
cheque for me ?
What exchange on
English money?
Please change me
an English bank-
note
I want change for
this note [it ?
How will you take
Can you give it me
in gold?
I will take it in gold
Can you change me
a sovereign ?
I am sorry I
cannot
I haven't enough
change by me
I have no more
change
Where is the nearest
bank ?
Give it me in bank-
notes
This is a Bank of
England note
aya In bi/akrd
khurd mlkunld?
mazannahe. . .
chand ast?
I nt fa n- Jn yt,k axkc-
ndse hdnke enijd'is-
rd khurd Innutl
hi dxkrndxrd khurd
full i >irikhdlil<it
agar diirid ti'/Ti lif<lt>~
hid 1 [j n gold)
(i.e. If you have, give me
trla lllJk/ld/lUIII
(<~< >/<'() in i tn rii nl i
lira li/ntnl 1,-iuttil/
i , naml-
f>ult- klntnlalt dn-
diyar pule khnnln/i
ntnlt'i nun
(bank] kujdst ?
axl;<-ndse bank
bedehld
In ask&ndxt: Ixl /ike
engells-ast
aya een beej akra Me urrd
meekeuneed ?
maz-an-nah-i....en-gel-
ees chandast ?
leutfan een yek as-ken-
asi banki eu-gel-ees-
ra Meurrd keuneed
een askenasra ArAeurrd
keuneed
che poolee mee/iAaheed?
agarr dareed tela
bedeheed ?
tela mee/iVmham
(aya) meeta-vaneed yek
leera ArAeurrd keuneed?
meuta-assefam, namee-
tavanam, na nada-
ram
pool-i A;Aeurrda anqadr
nadaram
deegarr pool-i ///eurrda
nadaram
deuk-kan-i sar-rafee
(bank) keujast ?
askenas-i bank bed-
eheed
een askenas-i bauk-i
engelees-ast
96
THE LORD'S PRAYER. [TRANSLITERATION.]
[The following is the romanized form of the words of the Prayer, as given on the
preceding page, with the literal English translation interlined.]
Ay pedar-i- m& keh dar asemanl muqaddas bad nam-i tu.
l''athei of ns who in sky Thou art, sacral let-be name of Thee.
Beyayad malakut-i- tu. Ejra-shavad eradat-i- tu dar
Let-come ylory of Thee. Let be carried out ivish of Thee on
zamln chenancheh dar aseman-ast. Emruz ruzey-i- mara
the earth ecen as in the xlcy it is. To-day daily-bread of us
bema berasan va gunahan-i- mara bebakhsh chenancheh ma
to us send and sins of us fonjirc even as in:
gunahan-i- anhara keh bema takhattl mikunand
the S/H.S of those ivho ayainst us trespass do
rnibakhshlm. Mara bemaqam-i- emtehiln niayar va mara
forgive. Us to a place of trial briny -not and ns
<iz sharlr khalasl bedeh. Chera keh turast malakut
from tlie Evil-one release give. Because that Thine is Sovereignty
va jabarut va jalal ela abad-el abad. Amm.
and Power and Greatness to ail eternity. Amen.
MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES.
MONEY. (Pool.)
Shahee, a COPPER coin ... ... ... ... = about a farthing
qerdu (20 sJidJice), a SILVER coin ... = about 4|d.
manat (the Russian rouble), SILVKK ... ... . = about 2 schillings
tooinan (10 qerdn), SILVKE ... ... =- about 4s.
(ixhrafee, a GOLD coin ... ... ... ... = about 8s.
Jecid (about 50 qerdn), the English sovereign, GOLD = 1
einjteridl (the Russian imperial), GOLD .. ... = abou^t 1
Copper coins are known as pool-i-seydh, i.e., black money, and silver
coins as pool-i-sefeed, white money.
Bank-notes are in circulation, of the value of 1, 5, 10, 25 toorian, etc.
The standard is silver and fluctuates considerably.
'J 3 y I /ii OF EXCHANGE. TheEngliFh sovereign is usually exchanged
for about 50 qerdn or 5 tonntan. It is on this basis that the table on page
96 is calculated.
English & American Money, with Persian Equivalents.
ENGLISH.
B d.
50
500
1
10
AMERICAN-.
dols. c.
250 00
25 00
5 00
2 50
1 25
I'KRSIAN.
t q.
250
25
5
250
1 2 10 1 2
C.2* =65 0$ = 1
1 toomdn (t.) = 10 ijiti'mn (<|.) ^ 200 shdhee (a.)
|Thp above equivalents nrv Mibject to fluctuations in the rate of exc-liiinge.]
d.
8
3
1
04
AMERICAN,
dols. c.
50
PERSIAN-.
5
2 10
1 5
19
4
2
MEASURES OF LENGTH.
/.'/(/ (i'j uf a ~<irr<") ...
j/eraft (Ai of a 2rt//. -i ...
chdryek or dulruk ( ol
neem zarre' (J zarre')...
zarre' ...
fan-sang or fai /
\farrsang is " the distance a mule can walk comfortably in an hour."
WEIGHTS. (V,i.rn.)
<i<ut<1<'iim (a wlioat corn) ... ... ... rain
ni-iikhfiid (a >niall eliirk ntM ; 1 i/mnli'inn) ,\, ounce
mesqal (21 nenkli,-nii)
...
-f>40
3hah 1,280 tTWJi
khiiri ran- (100 Shirax in/nn.
The inesqdl is the standard of weight throughout Persia.
NMN is tho Treaty ;.
CAPACITY. There is no measure of capacity in Persia, everything
being sold by weight or number.
(.'\ft'</i/rtfs-i-t0ol.)
i 14; inch
2 inches
= 10*
20j
1-1377 yard
ut 3J miles
r. (nearly ,\ ox.)
2-'.)44 02.
I si 11,. (llb.iaox.7dr.)
II Ib.s
7 3Glb. (71b. r,,,/. 12 dr. i
J4 lb. lloz. 8Jdr.
78C, lb.
The Saqat
POSTAL CHARGES.
LETTERS.
For INTERNAL Letters :
About 8 mesqal (or about \ oz.) costs 5 shdhee (about
For INTERNAL Post-cards, the postage is 3 shdhee (about
For FOREIGN Letters:
About 3 mesqal (about ^-oz.) costs 13 shdhee (about
For FOREIGN Post-cards ... 6 ,, (about
TELEGRAMS (INTERNAL).
For 10 words, including address, 2 qerdn (about Is.)
For ever} additional 10 words or less than 10, 2 qerdn (about 9<1.)
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LONDON :
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L897,
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
Hasan, Shaikh
6235 Persian self-taught
in Roman characters with
English phonetic pronunciation
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