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REPORT

OF THE

CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION

1913-18

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VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA

PART F: PYCNOGONIDA

By LEON J. COLE

SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-1916

OTTAWA

THOMAS MULVEY
PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

Issued January 3 1921

Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition,

1913-18.

VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA

Part A:
Part B:
Part C:
Part D:
Part E:
Part F:
Part G:
Part H:
P«rt I:
Part J:
Part. K
Part L:
Part M:

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. By Miss Mary J. Rathbun . (Issued August 18, 1919
SCHIZOPOD CRUSTACEANS. By Waldo L. Schmitt. (Issued September 22, 1919).

, . . (Issued October 15, 1920).
(Issued November 10, 1920) .
. (Issued September 7, 1920}.

(In press).

(In preparation) .

CUMACEA. By W. T. Caiman

ISOPODA. By Miss P. L. Boone

AMPHIPODA. By Clarence L. Shoemaker

PYCNOGON1DA. By Leon J. Cole

EUPHYLLOPODA. By Frits Johansen

CLADOCERA. By Chancey Juday (Issued June 23, 1920).

OSTRACODA. By R, W. Sharpe (In preparation').

FRESHWATER COPEPODA. By C. Dwight Marsh (Issued April 21, 1920).

: MARINE COPEPODA. By Arthur Willey (Issued June 25, 1920).

PARASITIC COPEPODA. By Charles B. Wilson ... (Issued August 6, 1920).

CIRRIPEDIA. By H. H. Pilsbry (In preparation).

REPORT

OF THE

CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION

1913-18

VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA

PART F: PYCNOGONIDA

By LEON J. COLE

SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-1916

OTTAWA

THOMAS MULVEY
PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1921
4270 Issued January 3, 1921

w.

Report on Pycnogonida Collected by the Canadian Arctic
Expedition, 1913-1918.

By LEON J. COLE

University of Wisconsin

Arctic explorations extending back more than a century have resulted in
what may perhaps be considered a fairly complete knowledge of the pycnogonid
fauna in one half of the Arctic ocean, while that of the other half has remained
almost wholly unknown. Numerous collections have been reported on from the
Kara sea (limited by about the 70th meridian) on the east to Baffin bay and
Smith sound (to nearly 80° W. long.) on the west. These include collections
from the Kara sea, Barents sea, Franz Josef land, Spitzbergen, the north coast of
Norway and the Norwegian sea, the north Atlantic, the shores of Greenland,
Davis strait, Baffin bay and Smith sound. In contrast to this two or three
early records and the reporting of two species of Nymphon at point Barrow
(Murdoch, 1885) 1 apparently stood for many years as the only records for this
group on the arctic coasts of Canada (to the westward of Baffin bay), Alsaka
and Siberia. The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903 (Schimkewitsch, 1907a),
added considerably to our knowledge of the Siberian pycnogonid fauna as far
east as the New Siberian islands (to longitude 150° E.). The collections of the
Canadian Arctic Expedition, while they contain only three species, help to fill in
another gap, as they come from Dolphin and Union strait, approximately mid-
way between Baffin bay and point Barrow.

There were transmitted to me through the Smithsonian Institution of Wash-
ington, for purposes of identification, two lots of Pycnogonida collected by the
Canadian Arctic Expedition. These lots both came from the same station
(43a) and comprise five specimens belonging to three different species of the
Nymphonidae. The labels give the following data for this station:

"Off Cockburn Point, Dolphin and Union Str., Arctic Can. Sta. 430. Depth
about 100 meters, Gray mud with pebbles, 4 ft. beam-trawl, about 1 hour.
C.A.E.— F. Johansen." '

Following are the species represented:

1. Nymphon sluiteri Hoek.

One specimen, adult.

The shape of the eye-tubercle and the shape and relative proportions of the
terminal claw to the second tarsal joint are diagnostic.

According to the tabular summary of the distribution of temperate and
arctic Pyconogonida given by Norman (1908) this species has previously been
reported from "the following regions:

a. British area.

b. East Arctic — Siberia to East Finmark.

c. High Arctic — Spitzbergen, Franz Josef land, &c.

d. West Arctic — Jan Mayen, Iceland, east Greenland,

It has also been reported from west Greenland (Coutts inlet, Rodger, 1893)2,
while the records of the Russian Polar Expedition from Kara sea, Taimur bay,

through the kindness of Dr. Paul Bartsch, Curator of Marina Invertebrates in the U.S. National
Museum, I have recently had the privilege of examining the point Barrow specimens and have been able
to verify Murdoch's identification of them as Nymphon longitarse and Nymphon grossipes.

2Mr. Fritz Johansen has called my attention to the record of two pycnogonids reported in Suther-
land's (1852) "Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits, in the years 1850-1851" (Vol. II,
Appendix, pages ccvii and ccviii), which appears to have been overlooked by the authors dealing with
this region. The descriptions, by Mr. Adam White, are very inadequate, and the illustrations are little
better for specific determination. As Mr. Johansen suggests, his Nymphon crassipes is probably a Chatony-
mphon (though the hairiness is not mentioned except on the palps, and is not represented in the figure),
and might perhaps be Chcetonymphon hirtipes. The other species, which he describes as a species of
Nymphon similar to the Pycnogonum grossipes of Otto Fabricius but smaller and "more slim" would
appear to be very close to Nymphon sluiteri or Nymphon longitarse, though the proportionate lengths of the
joints of the legs as represented do not agree with the latter species. It would, however, be worse than
useless to attempt to assign these forms definitely to known species on the basis of the descriptions fur-
nished. The specimens came from Union bay (about75°N., 92°W.) At our suggestion, IDr. W. T. Caiman
has kindly made search for these specimens in the collections of the British Museum, but has been unable
to find them.

4 F

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918

and north of the New Siberian islands (Schimkewitsch, 1907a) add it to the
Siberian arctic area. The present record, from what may be called the American
Arctic area1 completes the circle, making this a truly circumpolar species.

2. Nymphon longitarse Kroyer.
One specimen, adult.

The known distribution of N. longitarse is even more extensive than that of
the preceding species. Norman (1908) has collected records from:

a. British area.

b. Scandinavian — Norway, South and West.

c. East Arctic.

d. High Arctic.

e. West Greenland?2.

f. North-east American to lat. 35° N. (Cape Hatteras).

The American records for this species range from the region of Smith sound
(Ortmann, 1901), Baffin bay and Davis Strait (Meinert, 1899; Vanhoffen, 1907),
to extreme south Greenland (Stephensen, 1913, 1916), and according to Wilson
(1878, 1880) it extends as far south along the east coast of North America as
Massachusetts bay. The present record form a link to the westward with
that from point Barrow (Murdoch, 1885). Schimkewitsch (1907 b) reported it
from the Okhotsk sea,3 but it does not appear to have been taken by the Rus-
sian Polar Expedition, though its otherwise circumpolar distribution would
lead to the presumption that it occurs also in the Siberian Arctic.

3. Ghaetonymphon hirtipes (Bell).
One adult male; one adult female; one immature.

The present record extends the range of this well-known species to the
westward. Norman (1908) lists it from:

a. British Area.

b. Scandinavian.

c. East Arctic.

d. High Arctic.

e. Faroe Channel.

f. West Arctic.

g. West Greenland.'2

h. North-East American

It has been found widely distributed on the East and West coast of Green-
land (see Stephensen, 1913 and 1916, for detailed localities) and according to
Wilson (1878, 1880), like Nymphon longitarse extends south to Massachusetts
bay on the American coast. Carpenter (1898) has said of this form: "C.
hirtipes is one of the most familiar Arctic pycnogons; and from the numerous
localities from which it has been dredged, it would appear to have a complete
circumpolar range." It should be noted, however, that in this last respect it
does not yet equal either of the foregoing species as it does not appear up to this
time to have been found between Dolphin and Union strait and the Kara sea.

The Canadian Arctic Expedition specimens had a number of Foraminifera
attached to them, identified by Dr. J. A. Cushman of Boston as Truncatulina
lobatula (Walker and Jacob). See Report of Canad. Arct. Exped., Vol. IX,
Part M, p. 9M.

1?hAis term is sug£ested> rather than Canadian Arctic, to include the whole Arctic area adjacent to the
v j i • £™e"can continent from Baffin bay to Bering strait. Should there be reason for doing so it can be
"•jbdivided into the Canadian Arctic and Alaskan Arctic, the division point being practically Mackenzie
- , at the mouth of the Mackenzie river. These two sub-areas differ strikingly in that one is composed
^traits and sounds among the islands of the Arctic Archipelago, while the other is an open coast.
(tglso footnote 2, p. SF.

(1913) has later described a new variety (N. longitarse var. minus} from this region,
hich-hfe days is only about half the size of the European form.
Qid&nu nooa t

Cladocera 5 p

Other Records for the North American (west of Long. 80°W.) and East
Siberian (east of Long. 70° E.) Arctic.

At least three other species have been reported from the half of the Arctic
ocean here considered, making a total of six in all. This is a great contrast to
the forty-eight species recorded by Norman (1908) as occurring in the East
Arctic, High Arctic, Faroe Channel, West Arctic and West Greenland areas
combined. This difference is doubtless due in part to the great discrepancy in
the amount of marine exploration of the two regions, but the half of the Arctic
above the Atlantic Ocean is more varied and more open to southern influence,
and may accordingly have a more varied fauna.

The species referred to are as follows:

Nymphon grossipes 0. Fabr.

Reported by Murdoch (1885) as "rather plenty but small off Point Frank-
lin [near Pt. Barrow] in 13J^ fathoms," and from Norton sound in Bering sea.
Aside from these records this species has a wide distribution, corresponding
roughly to that of Chcetonymphon kiftipes.

Boreonymphon robustum (Bell).

Bell (1855) described this species as Nymphon robustum from specimens
collected by the Belcher Expedition at their winter quarters in Northumberland
sound, 76° 52' N., 97° W.

Golossendeis proboscidea (Sabine).

This species was described as Phoxichilus proboscideus by Sabine (1824)
from specimens collected on the Parry Expedition, at North Georgia island
(one of the Parry islands, about lat. 75° N., long. 100° W.).

In the narrative of the voyage of the "Vega" (Nordenskiold, 1881, Vol. 1,
p. 349) is a figure of an unnamed specimen of Colossendeis which resembles C.
probosidea very closely in appearance, particularly in the shape and size of the
proboscis. It was taken off the northeast coast of the Taimur peninsula. Lonn-
berg (1902, p. 359) evidently refers to this record in discussing the distribution
of this species, but does not cite his authority for its identification1. If the
identification is correct it adds another known species to the little-known half of
the Arctic previously referred to.

I "The original report of the "Fegra" expedition has not been available to me, but Dr. Bartsch, who
has been so kind as to look it up, states that on page 709 of the "Vega-Expeditiones Vetenskapliga
lakttagelser," volume I (1882) is a picture labelled Colossendeis gigantea. This is given as a synonym
for C. probosidea by Sars (Pycnogonida of the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 1891, p. 138). The
figure is the same one used in the English translation of the "Vega" narrative.

6 F

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918
REFERENCES.

Bell, Thomas. 1855. Account of the Crustacea. In The last of the Arctic voyages; being a
narrative of the expedition in H.M.S. Assistance, under the command of Captain Sir
Edward Belcher, C.B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54.
Lond., 2 vols. Vol. 2, pp. 400-411, pis. 34, 35.

Carpenter, G. H. 1898. On Pantopoda collected by Mr. W. S. Bruce in the neighbourhood of
Franz-Joseph Land, 1896-97. Journ. Linn. Soc.-Zool., Vol. 24, pp. 626-634, pi. 46.

Meinert, Fr. 1899. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Vol. Ill, 1, Pycnogonida. Copenhagen.

Murdoch, John. 1885. Marine invertebrates. (Exclusive of mollusks.) Report of the
International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska. Washington. Pp. 136-
176, pis. 1, 2.

Lonnberg, Einar. 1902. List of pycnogonids collected by the Swedish zoological expedition to
Spitzbergen and East Greenland 1900. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. 1902,
pp. 353-359.

Nordenskiold, A. E. 1881. The voyage of the Vega around Asia and Europe, with a historical
review of previous journeys along the north coast of the world. (Translated by
Alexander -Leslie.) London: Macmillan and Co., 2 vols.

Norman, A. M. 1908. The Podosomata ( = Pycnogonida) of the Temperate Atlantic and
Arctic Oceans. Journ. Linn. Soc.-Zool., Vol. 30, pp. 198-238, pis. 29, 30.

Ortmann, A. E. 1901. Crustacea and Pycnogonida collected during the Princeton Expedition
to North Greenland. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1901, pp. 144-168.

Rodger, A. M. 1893-95. Preliminary account of natural history collections made on a voyage
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Davis Straits. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., Vol. 20, pp.
154-163.

Sabine, E. 1824. Supplement to the Appendix of Capt. Parry's voyage for the discovery of the
North-West Passage in the years 1819-20, containing the zoological and botanical
notices. Marine Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward Sabine. London.

Schimkewitsch, W. 1907a. Zur Pantopoden-Fauna des sibirischen Eismeeres. Re"sultats
scientifiques de l'Expe"dition Polaire Russe en 1900-1903, sous la direction du Baron E.
Toll. Section E: Zoologie. Vol. 1, livr. 6., Me"m. de 1'Acad. Imp. d. Sci. de St.-
P6tersb., VIII* Sfiire. Classe Physico-Math., Vol. XVIII, No. 6, pp. 1-10, pi. 1

1907 b. Ubersicht der von P. Schmidt und W. Broschnikow in den ostasiatischen Ufer-

gewassern gesammelten Pantopoden. Annuaire du Muse"e Zoologique de 1'Acad.
Imp. d. Sci. de St.-P6tersb., T. XI, 1906, pp. 246-252, pi. 1

—1913. Einige neue Pantopoden. Ibid., T. XVIII, 1913, pp. 240-251, pi. 3a.

Stephensen, K. 1913. Gronlands Krebsdyr og Pycnogonider. (Conspectus Crustaceorum et
Pycnogonidorum Groenlandise) . "Meddelelser om Gronland," XXII. Copenhagen,
479 pp.

— 1916. Zpogeographical investigation of certain fjords in Southern Greenland, with
special reference to Crustacea, Pycnogonida and Echinodermata; including a list of
Alcyonaria and Pisces. "Meddelelser om Gronland," LIII. Copenhagen, pp. 229-
378, 31 figs.

Sutherland, Peter C. 1852. Journal of a voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits, in the
years 1850-1851, performed by H.M. Ships "Lady Franklin" and "Sophia," under the
command of Mr. William Penny , London: Longman, Brown, Green and Long-
mans, 2 vols.

Vanhoffen, E. 1897. Crustaceen; Drygalski, Gronland-Exped. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdlmnde zu
Berlin, 1891-93, Vol. 2.

Wilson, E. B. 1878. A synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. Trans. Conn. Acad.
Arts, and Sci., Vol. 5, pp. 1-26, pis. 1-7.

• 1880. The Pycnogonida of New England and adjacent waters. Rept. U.S. Comm.

Fish and Fisheries for 1878, Part VI, pp. 461-506, pis. 1-7.

Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918.

Volume I: General Introduction, Narrative, Etc.

Part A: Northern Party, 1913-18.

Part B: Southern Party, 1913-16. By Rudolph Martin Anderson. (/» preparation).

Volume II: Mammals and Birds.

Part A: Mammals. By Rudolph Martin Anderson. (In preparation).
Part B: Birds. By R. M. Anderson and P. A. Taverner. (In preparation).

• Volumn llf : Insects.

Introduction. By C. Gordon Hewitt. (Issue!).
Part A: Collembola. By Justus W. Folsom. (Issued).
Part B: Neuropteroid Insects. By Nathan Banks. (Issued).

Part C: Diptera. By Chas. W. Alexander, Harrison G. Dyar, and J. R. Malloch. (Issued).
Part D: Mailophaga and Anoplura. By A. W. Baker, G. F. Ferris, and G. H. F. Nuttall. (Issued).
Part E: Coleoptera. By J. M. Swaine, H. C. Fall, C. W. Leng, and J. D. Sherman, Jr. (Issued).
Part F: Hemiptera. By E. P. Van Duzee. (Issued).
Part G: Hymenoptera and Plant Galls. By Alex. D.'MacGillivray, Charles T. Brues, F. W. L. Sladea,

and E. Porter Felt. (Issued).
Part H: Spiders, Mites, and Myriapods. By J. H. Emerton, Nathan Banks, and Ralph V. Chamberhu.

(Issued).

Part I: Lepidoptera. By Arthur Gibson. (Issued).
Part J: Orthoptera. By E. M. Walker, (Issued).
Part K: General Observations on Insect Life in the Arctic. By Frits Johansen. (In preparation} .

Volume IV: Botany.

Part A: Frehwater Algae and Freshwater Diatoms. By Charles W. Lowe. (In preparation).
Part B: Marine Algae. By F. S. Collins. (In preparation).
Part C: Fungi. By John Dearness. (In preparation).
Part D: Lichens. By G. K. Merrill. (In preparation).
Part E: Mosses. By R. S. Williams. (In press).

Volumn V: Botany.

Part A: Vascular Plants. By James M. Maooun and Theo. Holm. (In press). \
Part B: Contributions to Morphology, Synonymy, and General Distribution of Arctic Plants. B;»

Theo. Holm. (In press.).
Part C: General Notes on Arctic Vegetation. By Frits Johansen. (In preparation).

Volumn VI: Fishes, Tunicates, Etc.
Part A: Fishes. By F. Johansen. (In preparation).
Part B: Ascidians, etc. By A. G. Huntsman. (In preparation).

Volumn VII: Crustacea.

Part A: Decapod Crustaceans. By Mary J. Rathbun. (Issued).
Part B: Schizopod Crustaceans. By Waldo L. Schmitt. (Issued).
Part C: Cumacea. By W. T. Caiman. (Issued).
Part D: Isopoda. By Miss P. L. Boone. (Issued).
Part E: Amphipoda. By Clarence R. Shoemaker. (In press).
Part F: Pycnogonida. Leon J. Cole. (In press).
Part G: Euphyllopoda. By F. Johansen. (In preparation).
Part H: Cladocera. By Chauncey Juday. (Issued).
Part I: Ostracoda. By R. W. Sharpe. (In preparation).
PartJ: Freshwater Copepoda. By C. D wight Marsh. (Issued).
Part K: Marine Copepoda. By A. Willey. (Issued).
Part L: Parasitic Copepoda. By Chas. B. Wilson. (Issued) .
Part M: Cirripedia. By H. A. Pilsbry. (In preparation).

Volumn VIII: Mollusks, Echinoderms, Coelenterates, Ete.
Part A: Mollusks, Recent and Pleistocene. By Wm. H. Dall. (Issued).
Part B: Cephalopoda and Pteropoda. By S. S. Berry and W. F. Clapp. (In preparation).
Part C: Echinoderms. By Austin H. Clark. (Issued).
Part D: Bryozoa. By R. C. Osburn. (In preparation).
Part E: Rotatoria. By H. K. Barring. (In preparation).
Part F: Chaetognatha. By A. G. Huntsman. (In preparation).
Part G' Actinozoa and Alcyonaria. By A. E. Verrill. (Impress).
Part H: Medusae and Ctenophora. By H. B. Bigelow. (Issued).
Part I: Hydroids. By McLean Fraser. (In preparation).
PartJ: Porifera.

Volume IX: Annelids, Parasitic Worms, Protozoans, Ete.
Part A: Oligochaeta. By Frank Smith and Paul S. Welch. (Issued).
PartB: Pofychaeta. By Ralph V. Chamberlin. (Issued).
Part C: Hirudinea. ByJ. P. Moore. (In press).
Part D: Gephyrea. By Ralph V. Chamberlin. (Issued).
Part E: Acanthocephala. By H. J. Van Cleave. (Issued).
Part F: Nematoda. By N. A. Cobb. (In preparation).
Part G:— H: Trematoda and Cestoda. By A. R. Cooper. (In press).
Parti: Turbellaria. By A. Hassell. (In preparation).
Part J: Gordiacea.
Part K: Nemertini.

Part L: Sporosqa. By J. W. Mavor. (In preparation).
Part M: Foraminifera. By J. A. Cushman. (Issued).

Volume X: Plankton, Hydrography, Tides, etc.
Part A: Plankton. By Albert Mann. (In preparation).
Part B: Marine Diatoms. By L. W. Bailey. (In preparation).
Part C: Tidal Observations and Results. By W. Bell Dawson.
Part D: Hydrography. (In preparation).