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i^tjatmacopoeta Ct)ttttt5(ta 



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l^Darmacopoeta Cljirutgtca : 



OR, 

A MANUAL 



or 



CHIRURGICAL PHARMACY, 

comprising; 

ALL THE VALUABLE FORMULAE OF THE NEW LONDON PHARMA- 

COPCEIA, AND OF THE SEVERAL PHARMACOPCEIAS 

APPERTALNFNC TO THIS BRAN r II OF SCIENCE, 

WITH 

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS., 

AS WELL ON THE MFrPHOD OF COMPOUNDING, AS I.IKKWISF ON Tlir. 

PROPERTIES AND USE uF EACIF. 



.<^':M^- 



''-: 



THIRD EDITION, CORRECrii:])}' .,,, oO 

J ■^■, Jbi oZ 

By J. WILSON, SvRci^^, ^f^il^;^, ,^ 

HUNTINGDON. '-w! ^ ^ ^ 

Honorary Member of the Medic il Society of Guy's Hospital, and 
several years Assistant Apothecary lo that Institution. 

^ 3lot«Jon: 

PRINTED FOR E. COX AND SON, ST. THOMAS'S STREET, 

BOROUGH. 

1814. 



>:.-' 8 JUL 32 ] 



\ 



■vt -% u «^ 



TO 

ASTLEY COOPER, Esq. F.R.S. 

SURGEON OF GUY'S HOSPITAL, 
tfC. t^c. i^c. 



DEAR SIR> 

Permit me to return you my most grateful 
acknowledgments for the honour you have 
done me, by allowing so humble a work, as a 
Manual of Chirurgical Pharmacy, to be pre- 
sented to the public under your auspices. Your 
kind and disinterested manner.in receiving and 
patronizing this attempt, whilst yet in its in- 
fancy, is only an additional proof of those libe- 
ral and enlarged principles which, upon all 
occasions, you so nobly manifest in the ad- 

A 2 



IV DEDICATION. 

VaiiCcfiijent of that science you pre-eminently 
adorn. 

The satisfaction arising from the termi- 
nation of a work, which is favoured by your 
kind partiality, is greatly increased by the op- 
portunity alForded me of expressing my ob- 
ligations to you, as a Patron and a Friend. — 
Nor is it less pleasing to me. to acknowledge 
the grateful sense I feel, of having been ho- 
noured with the confidence and good opinion 
of those, who so ably support you in adminis- 
tering relief to the indigent and afflicted, in 
an establishment which combines the improve- 
ments of science with the beneficence of 
charity, and wherein the views of each are 
promoted by characters equally conspicuous 
for their humanity and their skill. 

If^ in bringing together the more com- 
mon and improved Formulse of Medical Sur- 



DEDICATION. V 

gery, I have been fortunate enough to render 
their composition less precarious, or their ap- 
plication less uncertain, I shall consider myself « 
amply recompensed by the undertaking. 

• With sentiments of unfeigned gratitude 
and respect, allow me, 

DEAR SlRy 

TO SUBSCRIBE MYSELF, 
YOUR OBLIGED HUMBLE SERVANT^ 

J. WILSON. 



Huntingdon, 
November ^ 1809; 



PREFACE. 

My official situation^ for some years^ in one of our 
great Public Hospi^b. (Guy's) having enabled me Id pay 
particular attention to the medical department of Sur- 
g^tyj as conducted by some of our first Surgeons and 
Physicians, I was induced, at the solicitation of my 
Bookseller, to attempt a Manual of Chirurgical Phar- 
macy, and to comprise in it such select formulae as I 
had seen more immediately employed, or which I con-^ 
ceived more essentially necessary with the object of my 
undertaking. These Formulae I have given under the 
title of Pharmacopceia Chirurgica ; not with any idea 
of superseding a work of the same title and character; 
but as being a term familiar to the medical world at 
large, and very expressive of my purpose. 

In selecting my materials I^have not scrupled to 
consult all our best Pharmacopceias ; as well those of 



Vm PREFACE. 

our London and Edinburgh Ck>lleges -, as likewise such 
as have been edited for the particular use of our chief' 
hospitals. 

I believe I may venture to affirm, that I have odIj 
given such FormuTae as I have seen repeatedly com- 
pounded and employed, unless otherwise expressed* I 
have endeavoured to render each formula as concise 
and clear as possible, both as to tbt mode of preparing 
it, and the intention of employing it, by short practical 
notes and illustrations, afforded as well by my awn ob- 
servations as by the practice and experience of others. 

If it be objected to me, thai I have neglected to no- 
tice several modem applications for the cure of many 
important diseases in Surgery, applications by some con- 
sidered almost as specifics, it is from my aversion to this 
very term in the cure of all disease, and from my dis- 
appointment in experiencing their &ilure, when brought 
into practice under my own cognisance, that I have 
omitted them } for, I believe no well informed Surgeon 
or Physician will now scarcely venture to talk about 
ipecificsj and the influence which many, or all such 



]^R£FAC£. IX 

Qcw applications, excite oyer the human frame, may be 
readily underotood upon some genend principle. 

Under this head I might notice Galmnifm ^ £kctri* 
6iy; several of ihe vegetabilia> denominated Naitoticai 
many of the saline mineral substances ; with a number 
of others which have been internally administered^ or 
externally employed. 

Under the head of Bougies 1 have omitted to notice 

tbft sold and »ircr pi^bei^ for iiscertaiiuns tbc ^tnre 

and character of Stricture in the Urethra, as recom'* 
mended by Mr. Charles Bell. I, however, think them 
an ingenious contrivance, with which ewtrj Surgeon 
should be furnished. 

In consequence of my distance from the press, seve« 
ral errors and omissions will be found in the course of 
the Work -, these I have endeavoured to correct and 
supply by au exact list of Errata, and by a short Appen- 
dix, which I trust will, in some measure, excuse for 
such deficiency and neglect. 

From the circumstance that much of my Work was 
struck off previous to the London College having an- 



X PKTFACE. 

Dounced their intention of re«publi4iiog thnr^Pbarma* 
copoeia^ I have been necessarily obliged to retain the 
names and appelhrtions of their former one— -where any 
individual article^ however^ occurring in the Materia 
lledioa^ is offered as serving any general surgical inten- 
tion^ I have given it from the first, under the character 
both of the Edinburgh and London Pharmacopoeia^ in 
order to render the difference of names as £imiliar as 
pomble. I have likewise added aa Index of the old and* 
new names; also a general Indox of the several for<»^ 
smlse adopted' by our London College^ as well to meet 
the wishes and intentions of that learned body^^ as to 
promote any general improvements connected withe 
Medical and Chirurgical Scienoe. 



TREFACE 

TO THE 

SECOND JEDITION. 

•XH£ first impresuon of this Manual of Chirurgical 
Pharmacy beiag sold off« it became necessary > from 
' my engagements with my Bookseller, and from the 
favourable reception which the Work experienced from 
the Pablic> that I should prepare a new Edition. The 
circumstance^ likewise^ of the London Pharmacopoeia 
i>eing re-edited some few weeks after the principal part 
of the first Edition was struck ofF^ impressed me «till 
further with the necessity of the undertaking, as well 
on account > of giving to Chirurgical Pharmacy theiro- 
provemcnts of the College both in composition and 
nomenclature^ as also of facilitating the business of the 
Surgeon in the way of general prescription. The New 
Nomenclature throughout the whole of the Work I have 



Xll PREFACE. 

minutely followed; and such formulae as are to be 
found in the London Pharmacopoeia I have carefully 
noted. 

In revising the Work several errors and irregularicies 
vrhich had, from a variety of causes unnecessary to be 
noticed, unavoidably* been overlooked, I have corrected 
or expunged. Some new formulae I have added, and 
•otne few t have erased. I therefore o^r thk a» an 
improved £dftion; hiambly trusting that it will be fottnd 
acceptable as a lK)ok both of reference and practice in 
one of the great departments of modem S«rge#y* 



Humitigdon, 
March 8, 18 ii. 



, I 



3pJarmacopoeta CJimrjjitau 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. (P. L.) 
VINEGAR. 

Vinegar possesses both stimulating and discutient 
properties as an external application 5 and is usually ap- 
plied in fomentations and baths j or in the form of a ca- 
taplasm^ mixed with some farinaceous substance, such 
as soft bread, oatmeal, or linseed powder. See Cata- 
plasma Acidi Acetici. Vinegar has long been held in 
repute by some of our best surgeons, as an excellent 
application in the cure of sprains and bruises. Previous, 
however, to the use of vinegar, whether it .be in the 
form of fomentation, poultice, or as a cold lotion, to 
parts where much injury has been inflicted, so as to have 
produced considerable extravasation of blood into the 
cellular substance, local blood-letting should always be 
premised 5 but if the injury be not very considerabIe> 
vinegar may be had recourse to immediately after the 
accident. 

It is a frequent practice with some of our best sur- 
geons to use vinegar mixed with linseed meal^ in the 

B 



2 pharmacopoeia: 

form of a cold cataplasm, in cases of sprains and bruises 
accompanied with considerable inflammation and heat, 
directing the poultice to be renewed as often as it 
becomes dry 3 but as in this case ttf^ intention is to 
diminish the great heat of the part, and consequently 
the tension and pain, by the constant evaporation of 
moisture from the surface, cloths dipped in a solution 
of vinegar and water, (see Lotio Acidi Acctici Comp.) 
would appear a more preferable application j for, be- 
sides that the meal, when mixed in this way, is very apt 
to become soon stiff and hard, it is in itself a bad con- 
conductor of caloric, and as such wet cloths are l^lss 
objectionable $ but then it must be recollected, that 
they should be kept constantly moist. In chronic in- 
flammations of the eyes and eye-lids, vinegar has lately 
been brought into considerable repute, also where the 
eyes are weak and watery ^ likewise in the more acute 
forms of ophthalmia, after topical and general blood- 
ietting have been used freely. See Collyrium Acidi 
Acetici. 

The acid of vinegar, obtained by repeatedly freez- 
ing the water in which it is diffused, has often been 
usefully employed as a styptic, in relieving haemorrhages 
from the nose. As an external application the Acidum 
Aceticum Impurum, or common vinegar, may in gene- 
ral be employed. 



CHIRURGICA. 3 

ACIDUM NITRICUM. (L.) 
NITRIC ACID. 

The acid of nitre is obtained in various degrees of 
oxygenation. When the proportion of oxygen to that 
of azot is less than three of the former to one of the 
latter^ it has hitherto been termed nitrous acid -, and in 
this state it freely emits fumes of a red colour when ex- 
posed to the atmosphere. If the oxygen be to the azot 
as that of four to one, the acid in this state is colour- 
less, or nearly so, emits no vapour, and takes the ap- 
pellation of nitric acid. The difterence then, as will 
be already perceived, in the nitrous and nitric acids, 
consists in a greater or less quantity of oxygen, or ra- 
ther in a variable proportion of nitric oxyde, with which 
the acid is combined. By exposing nitrous acid in a 
retort to a gentle heat, the nitric oxyde is vaporized, 
and pure colourless nitric acid remains in the retort j 
this may again be rendered nitrous acid, by impreg- 
nating it with the red nitrous fumes, which are no- 
thing more than nitric oxyde combined with a portion 
of acid. 

Nitric acid is a very powerful styptic and escharotic, 
and stains the skin of a yellow colour wherever it comes 
into contact with it. It is a powerful caustic in the 
l^nds of the surgeon, and forms probably one of the 
readiest and safest means of preventing the evil conse- 
quences arising from the bite of rabid animals^ and of 
destroying the poison -, as it not only acts upon the parts 

b2 



4 PHARMACOPOEIA 

contiguous to the bite, but decomposes any saliva which 
may hav€ been infused into the wound. It is, however, 
apt to spread itself too far over the surrounding surface, 
unless cautiously used : this is best prevented by dipping 
a small glass tube into the acid, and fixing it upon the 
injured parts. Nitric acid, sufficiently diluted with 
water, forms an excellent lotion for old indolent ulcers, 
or where the granulations are soft and spongy, or the 
edges of the wound are hard and callous. For these 
purposes the Lolio Acidi Nitrici will generally answer 
the intention ; a greater or less quai.tity of the acid 
being added, according as the nature of the sore shall 
require, or the judgment of the surgeon shall deem fit. 
Within these few years nitric acid gained such consi- 
derable repute in the cure of syphilis, that with some 
surgeons it was thought sufficient to supersede the 
necessity of giving mercury for the removal of that 
complaint. 

Experience, however, soon rejected what enthu- 
siasm, in its eagerness for innovation, had too hastily 
adopted, and practitioners, we believe, now, one and 
all. make use of mercury, as the only safe and cer- 
tain means of curing lues. But it cannot be denied 
that nitric acid, when judiciously administered, pos- 
sesses very considerable effects over some forms of this 
complaint, independently of its efficacy in certain other 
disorders 5 previous to the notice of which, wc shall 
first briefiy detail what has been said by the able and 
scientific Pearson, on the use of acids in general in thc^ 
cure of lues, more particularly the nitric acid, ' Since 



CHIRURGICA. S 

rbe time when the science of Chymistry first began to 
be cultivated with successful diligence, and an enlarged 
and more correct knowledge of bodies has been ac- 
quired by experiments, wisely imagined, and skilfully 
conducted, frequent attempts have been made, though 
with unequal success, to apply the principles of that 
useful science to the phenomena of disease, and the 
operation of remedies. When a great. number of hy- 
pothetical notions are successively proposed upoi) sub- 
jects, at the best but imperfectly understood j when 
systenis are constructed upon scanty and fallacious ob- 
servations, and are chiefly supported by doubtful ana- 
logies; it may be naturally expected, that such pio- 
ductions of the fancy will partake of absurdity and 
error : or, at the most, will present nothing to the 
mind but undiluted obscurity/ Of the vegetable acid, 
he observes, * that it was the only medicine of that 
class which had been employed as a specific against 
lues venerea till towards the close of the last century; 
but to what extent it was introduced into practice can- 
not now be ascertained. The test of his experience 
proved vegetable acid to be an agreeable tonic to the 
stomach, and, in some few solitary cases, to meliorate 
the general health -, but never in a single instance did 
he find it, ' competent to the removal of any one vene- 
real symptom.* On the efficacy or inefficiency of nitric 
acid in this complaint, he thinks ' that the power of 
^ this medicine has not yet been ascertained in so satis- 
factory a manner as to preclude all difference of opi- 
aion open the subject.* However, in the cases which 



6 PHARMACOPOEIA 

he details the number of cures bears no adequate ratio 
to the quantity of unsuccessful failures^ wherein an at- 
tempt was made to relieve this complaint by the nitric 
acid. During several years attendance at one of the 
first hospitals in town, I may safely aver, that in no one 
case were the symptoms of confirmed lues removed by 
the exhibition of nitric acid } neither as instanced by 
the practice of thfi different surgeons, nor coming under 
my own immediate observation. Nitric acid was, how- 
ever, used both liberally and successfully for removing 
the debilitating effects of mercury, for ^ving tone to 
the stomach, improving the appetite, and imparting a 
granulating and healthy aspect to certain ulcers remain- 
ing after a due course of mercury had been persevered 
in, and which were aggravated and increased by a fur- 
ther continuance in its use. 

In some eruptive complaints, particularly of the 
lower extremities, and evidently connected with hepatic 
affection, accompanied with great heat and itching, I 
have seen the nitric acid more beneficial than any other 
form of medicine, given in doses from eight to ten, or 
fifteen drops, twice or three times in the day, suffici- 
ently diluted with water, and sweetened with sugar. 
The usual commencing dose of this acid is from half a 
dram to a dram by weight, mixed with a pint of dis- 
tilled water, and properly sweetened, to be drank 
through a glass tube within the twenty-four hours. It 
is- recommended to be taken through a tube as it is 
highly injurious to the teeth. 



CHIRURGICA. 7 

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. (L.) 

SULPHURIC ACID, FORMERLY OIL 

OF VITRIOL. 

Sulphuric Acid is powerfully corrosive and astrin- 
gent, and highly destructive of all animal matter. If 
made into an ointment with axunge, it may be conve- 
niently employed in the cure of psora. See Ung. Acidi 
Sulphurici. It has lately been used with considerable 
success by one of our first surgeons, in the form of a 
collyrium, sufficiently diluted with water, in the atonic 
stages of ophthalmia: but here its efficacy is attribu- 
table to its astringency alone, and not to any peculiar 
specific effects. 

jERUGO. (L.) 

eUPRI SUB-ACETAS IMPURA. (N.C.li.) 

CUPRI SUB-ACETIS. (E.) 

SUB-ACETATE OF COPPER, FOR- 
MERLY VERDIGRIS. 

Sub-acetate of Copper, or Verdigris, is detergent, 
and mildly escharotic. It was formerly much used to 
take down fungous excrescences, and to destroy the 
hardened edges of old and indolent ulcers 3 but it is 
now neglected for more effectual and speedier reme- 
dies. It enters in a powder, called pulv. sabinae c 



8' PHARMACOPOEIA 

sm^ue of St. Bartholomew's Hospital^ (sec Pulvis Sa- 
binae Compositus) which is much recommended by 
some surgeons for the removal of venereal warti. The 
linimentum seruginis of the London College is said to 
be an excellent gargle for ulcers of the mouth and 
throat $ but it requires to be used with some degree of 
caution. See Gargarisma ^ruginis. 



^RUGO CUM HYDRARGYRI SUB- 

MURIATE. 

VERDIGRIS WITH SUBMURIJTE 
OF MERCURY. 

R ^ruginis praeparatae 

Hydrargyri submuriatis sing, drach. j. misoe. 

This is a useful powder as an application to chancres 
and ill-conditioned sores^ putting a stop in some mea- 
sure to the phagaedenic nature of the former, and cor- 
recting the thin gleety discharge of the latter. Its 
action may be considerably quickened by the addition 
of a scruple, or half a dram, of the hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxidum to the quantity of the articles above prescribed j 
but preparations of this kind are in general much infe- 
rior in merit to the nitrate of silver, or nitric acid. 



CHIRURGICA. 9 

ALUMEN. (L.) 
ALUMINiE ET POTASSiE SUPER- 
SULPHAS. (N.C.R.) 

ALUM, OR SUPERSULPHATE OF 
ALUMINE AND POTASH. 

■m , 

ALUMlNiE SULPHAS. (E.) 
SULPHATE OF ALUMINE. 

Alum has long held a place in the Pharmacopoeias 
both of this country and of the continent If it be 
exposed to a pretty considerable heat for some time its 
water of crystallization is driven off^ and it is deno* 
minated alumen ustam^ or alumen exsiccatum. This 
is however, for the most part, a very unnecessary pro- 
cess, unless the alum be used as an escharotic, or for 
sprinkling upon wounds^ for it again takes up its water 
of crystallization when united with fluids. 

As an external remedy alum is not at present 
much used. It has been celebrated by the older phy- 
sicians and surgeons as a mast . powerful styptic, and 
formed the principal ingredient ia all their styptic 
powders. As a laxative in colic, more, particularly 
when arising from the noxious effects of lead, alum. 
has been much recommended 5 but at present it is 
laid aside for more certain remedies. It may be use- 
fully enough employed as an injection, dissolved in 
a decoction of oak bark^ against the fluor albus, and 



10 PHARMACOPOEIA 

other increased discharges from the vagina ia women. 
See Decoctum Cortids Quercus. 



ANTHEMIDIS FLORES. (L.) 
ANTHEMIS NOBILIS. (E.) 

CHAMOMILE, the Flowers. 



- i. 



Chamomile flowers are used externally in baths and 
fomentations^ as a discutient and anti-septic applica- 
tion, and often with good effect. See Decoctum An- 
themidls Flotcm and Decoctum Malvse Compositum. 

ANTIMONII ARSENIAS- 
JRSENIJTE OF ANTIMONY^ 

lie Antimonii in puLv. triti unc. ij« 
Arsenic! albi in pulv. triti unc. j. 

These are to be melted together in a crucible, with' 
« heat not too powerful, otherwise the arsenic will be 
volatilized, and prove highly noxious to the operator. 
After they have been fluxed together, and have become 
cold, they are to be reduced to powder. This caustic^ 
under the title of Arsenical Caustic, was much used by 
the late Mr. Justamond in the cure of cancers. It is,, 
perhaps, one of the best forms of caustics composed of 
arsenic. When united with powdered opium its effect* 
i^ equally certain, and it is said to be much less painfuL 



GHIRURGICA- l^ 

» 

AT^TIMONII MURIAS. (E.) 
MURIATE OF ANTIMONY. 

Muriate of Antimony^ better known b/the name 
of Butter of Antimony^ is a powerful caustic, and much 
used by farriers, and others of that description, for the 
purpose of destroying fungous excrescences or fistulous 
openings in the feet of cattle. It is used by some sur^ 
geons for destroying warts and excrescences, and for 
removing opacities of the cornea; but it is seldom had 
recourse to. 



ARGENTI NITRAS. (L.) 
NITRAS ARGENTL (E.) 

NITRATE OF SILVER, FORMERLY 
LUNAR CAUSTIC. 

Nitrate of silver is the roost manageable caustic 
we possess, at the same time the roost generally useful; 
and in the greater number of cases its action is suffici- 
ently powerful to answer the full intention of the sur- 
geon. For surgical purposes It is formed into small 
cylindrical sticks, by pouring the fused nitrate of silver 
into proper moulds. These sticks should always be 
kept in close stopper vials, and covered with toft dry 
paper, both to preserve them against the action of the 
air, as also to prevent their corroding or discolouring 
-the fingers in handling. 



42 PHARMACOPOEIA 

Every surgeon of experience is acquainted with 
the utility of nitrate of sHver on a great number of 
occasions: at a caustic m removing fungous excres- 
cences j in taking off the callous edges of long-con- 
tinued ulcers; as likewise for keeping the edges of 
8«ch sOres in a proper, healthy, granulating state. 
For these intentions the stick is generally employed, 
ttkc surface of the nitras argenti being previbtisly just 
moistened -, or it is used in the form- of a solution, in 
the proportion of a drachm to an ounce of distilleil 
water, by means of a camel's hair brush. It may- lie 
worth while to remark, that the vial containing this 
solution should be covered with dark coloured paper, 
that it should be close stopped immediately after using 
it, and kept in a dry place. The nitras argenti is emi- 
nently useful in a great number of venereal plcers, in 
eradicating venereal warts, afler they have been^* re- 
moved by the scissars or the knife, and in tlie permanent 
cure of strictures in the urethra. It has been recom- 
mended as an application to certain species of ulcei s, 
said to be cancerous, or partaking of the nature'^f the 
Noli me tangere, both upon the nose, and in the neigb- 
bourbood of the face; and, lastly, it has been reconi* 
mended by some as a specific for^estr-oying the venereal 
virus of chancres before it has- acted, too geneially on 
the surrounding surface^ so as to have become absorbed 
into the system. When used for the purpose of destroy- 
ing the virus of an incipient chancre, the caustic should 
be scraped to a point, a practice recommended by tlie 
ingenious Mr. Hunter, by whichjmeaos^ the whole, sur* 



CHIRURGICA* IS 

&ce of the chancre may be brought into contact with 
the caustic. He likewise directs a renewal of this prac^^ 
tice till the slough thrown off leave the ulcer florid and 
healthy, like the surface of a granulating simple sore. 
A caution has been set up against this mode of practice, 
and that very justly^ that the glans penis of some pa- 
tients partakes of deep and extensive sloughing upoa 
the application even of the slightest caustic 5 and that 
very generally. in constitutions of a scrofulous cast such 
consequences are apt to. supervene. But here other con* 
siderations are to be taken into the account independent 
of scrophula> which very materially influence the pro- 
priety of using caustic -for destroying chancre on its flrst 
appearance* It too frequently happens that a chancre isi 
not. discovered till :some abrasion of the surface has 
taken place, or till it has so far developed itself thai 
the contiguous surface has become contaminated -, and 
where such is the case we only increase the extent of a 
venereal sore, by removing, through the means of any 
corroding application^ that, wiiich is otily supposed to 
be the infected part. Very generally, too> such padents^ 
immediately on the discovery of a chancre^- at/the sam^ 
thne that they destroy it by caustic, begin with a very* 
liberal use of mercury, or areput upon it by their sur-* 
geons, under the influence of -which, in some constitu*' 
tion», every description*of ulcer or wound will become 
highly irritable^ painful, and spveading^; notwitbstand^ 
kig, in many forms of ulcer or open sore, though per-*^ 
ftctly unconnected with syphilis, mercury exhibited 
istBrnaUy isL one of „ the best.possible remedies we. cai^k 



14 PHARMACOPOEIA 

have recourse to in order to induce a proper and healtb3r 
action 3 but we believe in such cases that the untoward 
nature of the sore proceeds from a disordered state of 
the functions of digestion and of excretion through the^ 
intestinal canaU and not from any peculiar character of 
the ulcer itself. If then the constitution be unfavour- 
able to the internal use of mercury, or if the spreading 
malignity of a chancre be accompanied with any degree 
of ambiguity or doubt> the propriety of using lunar 
caustic, on the first appearance of the chancre, to de- 
•troy the further progress of the venerea] poison, is in 
one case highly questionable, and in the other danger- 
ooB and absurd 3 for we cannot use it safely in the 
latter instance without the internal aid of mercury at 
the same time> which alone is to destroy the virus^ 
and bring about a cure 3 and in the other instance should 
the constitution be fiuch that when influenced by mer- 
cury any open sore becomes irritable^ unhealthy^ and 
spreading, our practice and intention are certainly at 
issue^ since by.'Using caustic, and giving mercury at the 
aame'time, we are adopting two contradictory means 
of cure^ which have a directly opposite tendency. Be- 
sides, if mercury be necessary, and alone to be de- 
pended upon^ we are not in want of surgical applica-^ 
lions less, painfiil and more proper than caustic ones. 
The use of lunar caustic, however^ in the hands of an 
•xpericuced practitioner^ for the entire removal of 
ohancre in its early state^ without the exhibition of mer- 
cury^ may by some be thought perfectly justifiable^ since 
it, is experience along which can dictate the propriety 



CHIRURGICA. 15- 

of adopting any means of cure at all hazardous or 
oncertain in its effect; while the reputation of a 
younger surgeon would be materially injured should 
any thing like error^ or want of skUl^ become manifest 
in his practice^ though, bis intention be equally proper > 
and well founded. 

We shall speak on the propriety of using lunar- 
caustic for the permanent core of strictures^ under the 
head of Medicated Bougies. 

Lunar caustic has often been, adminbtered inter- - 
nally to an extent scarcely credibkk Latterly it has ■ 
been highly recommended in some inveterate ulcers^ 
given in the form of pills^ united with crumbs of bread; 
but we fear its efficacy will often prove very uncertain^ 
Stee Rlulae Argenti Nitratis. 

balSamum peruvianum cum 

FELLE. 

PERUVIAN BALSAM WITH: 
OXrS GALL. 

Bt Fellis bovini drach. iij. 

Balsami Peruviani drach. j. misce; 

Dr. Hugh Smith directs this as a remedy to be 
occasionally dropped into the ear> in cases where a con- 
slant fetid discharge indicates a diseased state g£ its se- 
cretions. Together with this practice, however, it will 
be requisite to syringe the ear every day with a weak 
sdution of soap, and water, which in general will effect 



1§ PHARMACOPOEPA 

more than any other applit^ation; more especially if the* 
morbid state of the secretion be accompanied or conr- 
nected with a deficiency of wax, or should the latter- 
have become hard and concreted. See Saunders oo^ 
the Ear. 



CATAPLASxMA ACIDI ACETICI. 
CATAPLASM OF VINEGAR. 

This cataplasm may be formed by mixing vinegar 
in sufficient quantirf^ with either oatmeal, linseed* meal^. 
or crumb of bread. If linseed meal be used alone, it. 
is apt, from its tenacity, to become hard and dry^ thus* 
occasioning a degree of inconvenience to the part uppn. 
-which it is applied. Linseed meal is, however, very 
useful, for giving this tenacity in a proper degree to the 
poultice when mixed with either of the other articles. 
This poultice is generally directed to be applied cold^ 
and is of service against sprains and braises^ for-whicb< 
intention it is mujh infuse in. the several hospitals.. 
When used for.a length of time it has occasionally been . 
found highly serviceable for removing scrofulous en-, 
largements of th'6 joints 3 this it is supposed to effect by- 
l^eping np a constant and equable- stimulus ^ipon'the 
part, sufficient in some cases to produce a degree o£ 
xedness upon the sur&ce.. See remarks undet Addunu 
Aceticumv 



CfflRURGICAi 17 

CATA PLASMA ALUMINIS. 
CATAPLASM OF ALUM. 

This cataplasm^ better known by the name of Alum 
Curd^ is made by briskly agitating the whites of two eggs 
with a lump of alum till^ coagulum is formed. It is use- 
ful in some cases of' ophthrimiay both of the purulent 
kind and of the chronic^ when attended with a watery 
excretion^ if applied to tlie eye between two pieces of 
thin linen rag. The alum curd has been found aaeffica* 
cious remedy applied to chilblains^ previous to the skin 
cracking and becoming sore^ and hence it is a prac- 
tice, in some schools to wash the children's feet re- 
peatedly with a strong solution of alum> which is said 
to keep off those troublesome companions. See Liquor. 
Aluminis Compositas. 

GATAPLASMA BYNES. 
CATAPLASM OF MALT. 

R Bynes farinae 

Cerevisiae spumae q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. 

This cataplasm> taken from the Pharmacopoeia of 
Guy*8 Hospital, is ch:efiy of use in foul spreading ulcersy 
or. ia spreading gangrenous wounds, as a ineans of 
gently stimulating the pacts, and of taking off; the> dis- 
agreeable odour, by evolvicig a- considerable quantity of 
carbonic acid gas; for these intentions it. sometimes 



^ 



18 PHARMACOPOEIA 

I 

will succeed very well. The poultice answers much 
better when both the ingredients are fresh^ as the 
fermentation is more considerable ; it should likewise 
be applied warm. See Cataplasma Ferment!. 



CATAPLASM A CARBON IS. 
CHARCOAL P&tJLTICE. 

To a sufficient quantity of the common linseed 
meal poultice^ stir in as much charcoal in fine powder 
•as it will bear^ and let the whole be well mixed. This 
cataplasm is often used to sweeten foul offensive ulcers 
and venereal sores^ and for this pui^ose it is of great 
service ; it will likewise often dispose them to assume 
a more favourable and healthy aspect. 

CATAPLASMA CEREVISIiE. 

CATAPLASM OF ALE OR STRONG- 
BEER GROUNDS. 

This is made by stirring into ale or strong-beer 
grounds a sufficient quantity of oatmeal or linseed pow- 
der. This cataplasm may safely be recommended to 
general notice as an excellent stimulant and antiseptic 
in cases of large sloughing ulcers and mortified parts. 
It ought to be reneMi'ed at least twice in twelve hours^. 
and applied as warm as the parts will bear. 



CHIRURGICA. 19 

CATAPLASMA CONIL 
C4TAPLASM OF HEMLOCK. 

To the fomentum conii add as much oatmeal or 
linseed flour as will form a cataplasm. This poultice 
is applied to cancerous and scroftdous sores of a highly 
irritable and painful nature, to diminish their sensibility, 
and to correct the acrid discharge. For these purposes 
Mr. Jiistamond preferred the fresh hefb bruised. See 
Cataplasma Digitalis. 

CATAPLASMA CUMINI. 
CUMMIN CATAPLASM. 

R Cumini seminum lib. j. 
Lauri baccaram 
Scordii folioram exsiccatorum 
Serpentariae radicis singulornm unc. lij. 
Caiyophyllorum unc. j. 

These ingredients being reduced to powder, are to ^ 
be mixed with thrice their weight of honey, so as to 
form a cataplasm. The cataplasma Cumini is a warm 
stimulating application, and may often be used with 
great advantage to ulcers c^id wounds where there is 
great languor of the circulation, or an evident disposi- 
tion to gangrene, or when the parts have taken on 
wide and extensive sloughing : it must be recollected/ 



20 PHARMACOPOEIA 

however, that in several cases the Cummin cataplasm,- 
when used alone, will be found to excite the parts too 
much, and to produce a degree of erysipelatous inflam- 
mation, which is too liable to run into the original dis- 
piositionj a portion of it therefore is generally mixed 
with some milder form of ingredients, as oatmeal or 
linseed flour^ previously formed, by means of boiling^ 
water, to the consistence of a cataplasm. I have re- 
peatedly seen the aspect of sloughiiig venereal ulcers 
greatly meliorated by an application of one part Cum- 
min cataplasm with two parts of the common linseed' 
meal poultice $ and where the edges of the ulcer have 
been highly irritable and painful this inconvenience has 
frequently been removed by covering them with the 
ceratum opii spread upon lint^ previous to the appli- 
cation of the poultice. 

The Cataplasma Cumini is one of the Formula ex- 
punged by the London College in the n^w edition of 
their Pliarmacopceia* 

CATAPLASMA DIGITALIS. 
CATAPLASM OF DIGITALIS. 

B<ril three ounces of the dried leaves of the Fox» 
glove, or four ounces of the fresh plant, in two pints of 
distilled water to one. A sufficient quantity of this 
liquor, mixed with a portion of linseed meal, so as tO' 
fona.a. poultice of proper consistency, may be used ,in. 
all those cases, where the cataplasma conii is indicated^ 



CHIRURGICA. . 21 

-and not onfreqaently with greater advantage. It will 
be fonnd to allay pain^ remove irritation^ and greatiy 
diminish the increased sensibility of the part to-whtch 
it is^plied. ^ 

.CATAPLASMA DAUCI. 
CARROT CATAPLASM. 

Boil any quantity of fresh carrots till they are suf- 
ficiently soft to be beat mto a smooth even pulp, 
which is to be applied as a poultice. This has been 
found very effectual for sweetening cancerous sores and 
foul ulcers, thereby rendering the condition of the pa- 
tient much more comfortable. In a trial made with 
turnips, used in Ihe same way as carrots, at one of the 
first medical institutions of Uie metropolis, the same 
effects were produced, and apparently in a greater de- 
gree than wUj^ ca riots. In some cases these effects 
may be further promoted by sprinkling into the pulp 
some finely-powdered charcoal previous to applying it. 

CATA'PLASMA FARINACEUM. 
COMMON BREAD CATAPLASM. 

This poultice, which is very generally in use, is 
commonly made by soaking slices of bread in milk, and 
simmering them together over a gentle fire till they 
are reduced to the proper consistence of a poultice. 
The whole is then to be beat smooth with a spoon, and 



22 PHARMACOPOEIA 

applied as warm as the patient's feelings will readily 
admit. As milk is very liable to turn sour^ and is said 
to possess no greater relaxing power than water, it has 
been objected to as being always improper in poultices. 
This objection will certainly hold good whenever stale 
milk is made use of, or if the same poultice be kept too 
long applied -, but if the milk be fresh, and the poultice 
renewed night and doming, we do not know any thing 
that occasionally gives such ease and comfort to the 
patient as this form of catiplasm. Indeed it generally 
agrees better for a time with open abscesses, previously 
brought to a lit state of maturation either by fomenta- 
tions, or the linseed meal poultice, than any other form 
of application with which I am acquainted, particularly 
if the skin be irritable and inflamed, or the patient's 
constitution very delicate. If water be substituted for 
milk the poultice is seldom of sufficient tenacity. It 
is true this inconvenience may be remedied ,by the ad- 
dition of a \ittle linseed meal, but in soR instances the 
meal appears to irritate and fret the skin so much, that 
some patients undergo much uneasiness from this cause; 
an objection which the cataplasm of bread and milk 
is seldom subject to, especially if it be not applied too 
hot. To milk abscesses, where the dischaige is profuse, 
this form of poultice is often extremely proper. 



CHIRURGICA. 25 

CATAPLASMA FERMENTI. (L.) 
CATAPLASM OF YEST. 

R Farinae lib. j. 

Cerevisiae Ferroenti O.ss. 

This formula is recommended by the liDodoD Col- 
lege ', It is similar to, and used with the same intenr 
lions as^ the Cataplasma B3me8. 

The yest and meal should be well mixed together, 
and exposed to a gentle heat^ till a degree of fermenta- 
tion take place. 

CATAPLASMA LINI PULVERIS. 
UNSEED MEAL CATAPLASM. 

R Farinae lini lib. ss. 
Aq. ferventis O iss. 

Or this poultice majr be formed by stirring linseed 
powder into boiling water, in quantity sufficient to form 
k of a proper consistency. It is usual to cover the surface 
of the cataplasm with a small portion of olive oil before 
it is applied. This is the poultice in general use at the, 
different hospitals. It is a very good em6llient, and 
will for the most part answer every intention that is ex- 
pected from warmth and moisture applied at the same 
time to an indamed part. To parts which are highly 
irritable^ accompanied with great tension and pain, the 



24 PHARMACOPOEIA 

virtues of this poultice may often be considerably im- 
proved by substituting the poppy fomentation^ (Momen- 
tum papaveris) instead of water. Jt will likewise be 
proper to foment the parts with the same at the dif- 
ferent intervals that the poultice is renewed. By sub- 
stituting the fomentum papaveris this poultice acquires 
no inconsiderable anodyne property : and as the reliev- 
ing ^f pAi is always a very material consideration, 
the surgeon will do right to prescribe its use whenever 
the inflammation is situated in the neighbourhood of 
tendinous or ligamentous parts, as in deep-seated paro- 
nychia of the fingers, in collections of matter about the 
wrist or ancle, or whenever there is a strong &scial 
covering to the imposthume, the pain in all these cases 
being generally very acute. I have lately seen this 
form of pouH ice applied in the active state of gouty in- 
flammation very successfully, affording veif. consider- 
able relief both In assuaging the pain, and lessening 
the excessive sensibility cff the aflected part. 

Mr. Birch, surgeon of St. Thomas's Hospital, di- 
rects -equal parts of crumb of bread and linseed powder 
to be formed into a poultice with boiling milk. In the 
formula of the Pharmacopoeia of Guy's Hospital the 
linseed meal poultice is introduced under the head of 
Cata plasma Commune, and is directed to be formed of 
a pound of the pulv. pro cataplasmate mixed with a 
sufficient quantity of boiling water, and to be covered 
with oil previous to applying it. This pulvis pro cata- 
plasmate is formed by adding two pounds of flnely- 
powdered bran to one pound of linseed meal, forming 



' CHIRURGICA. ' ^ 

as cheap^ at the same time as good an applicatiop as 
can be used in the greater number of cases where 
poultices are xequisite. 

CATAPLASMA MALI MATURL 

CATAPLASM OF THE PULP OF RIPE 

APPLES. 

This application has been said to be a good reme« 
dj against inflamed eyes. The apples should be pre- 
viously roasted^ and the pulp applied to the eyes without 
any intttrvening substance. The following formula, 
tdbBB from the practice of the German professor De 
Haen, and mentioned by Murray^ in his Apparatus Me- 
dicaminami as being seldom sufficient to answer the 
intention for which it is employed without other roeana 
being adopted, contains a quantity of the pulp of roasted 
apples in its composition. It would be thought, how- 
ever, mudi too complicated for general use, even wer« 
it possessed of any particular merit. 

& Pomomm pulpae ' 

Micae panis albi aa. nnc. ij. 
Boss GrallioBB petalorum 
^mbnci florum aa. pugil, j. 
Camphors 
Croci aa, g' vj. 



€ 



'\f ' 



% 



PHARMACOPOEIA 

CAtAPLASMA PAPAVERIS ALBI. 
See CATAPLASMA LINI. 



CATAPLASMA PLUMBI ACETATIS. 
CATAPLASM OF ACETATE OF LEAD, 

Be Liqooris Plutnbi Aoetatii dracb. j. 
Aqus distillats O. j. 
Mies panis q. s. 

« 

Slices of l»read are to be soaked in the water mixed 
with the water of acetate of litharge, in the way recom- 
mended for forming the bread and milk poaltioe^ which 
are afiterwards to t>e simmered together in an earthen 
vessel, over a gentle fire, to a due consistence* To snper. 
ficial inliammations, and where the external use of lead 
is deemed reqalsite, this form of cataplasm is probably 
as good as any for applying it. It should be recollected, 
however, that this poultice is better suited in the com- 
mencement of inflammation, where our intention is to 
produce simple resolution, rather than where our object 
is to hasten and promote maturation, unless the skin 
be very irritable and tender during this latter process; 
in which case it will sometimes be feund requisite to 
continue the use of the lead till the abscess burst, or is 
opened by the surgeon, and when this is efiected, it 
will probably be saf6r practice to abstain altogether 
from its use; for I am decidedly averse to the ap- 



cHiRUROfCA. ^r 

plication of lead in anf form to recent woiiiMli. and 
that more especially where the surrounding parts 
have become loose and flaccid, from the great 
tension beiDg removed by an evacuation of confined 
matter. Again, .if the previous inflammation have 
been very considerable, or there be deep and extensive 
aloaghing, or. if the vitality of the parts have been 
greatly destroyed, and there exist the least disposition 
to gangrene, in all these cases the catapliasma plumbt 
acetatia will certainly do harm. 

CATAPLASMA ROSiE- 

CATAPLASM OF THE CONFECTION 

OF ROSES. 

Confection of Roses has sometimes been recom- 
jnended^tt a useful and convenient application lo ^eak 
watery ejres, and as a useful remepXgMo.dKiKiic inflam« 
matioii cf the edges of the eye-lidsy ain^ ia4lie ophthil' 
mia tarn* It is said to be mildly astringent, which pro»* 
perty may be considerably increased by the addition of 
a small quantity of powdered alum, hi the proportion 
of one or tivo gxaiw^Mi^ ji dnun of thir conserve. 
Such applii sIkiiaiMMb WwtijfirJMd in trifling repute. 



M 



2S PHARMACOPOBIA 

CATAPLASMA SOD.E MURIATIS. 
CATAPLASM OF COMMON SALT. 

R Pulveris lioi 
Micae panis siugulorom partes squales 

Aquae, sodx muriate saturatz^ q. s. 

- ir 
This Ibrm of poultice has lately bem bvoogiii 

ipto coDsidefahle repute ifor the reductioo of iod^ 
lent stramous swellings aod enlargeoaents of the 
glands. After being some time used it generally oc- 
casions very considerable redness upon the surface, 
and excites, not unfVequently, so much inflammation 
Upon the part to which it is appliod, that it beoomet 
necessary to abstain from its use^ and substitute the 
common white bread and milk poultice in its stead; 
as soon, howiever, as the inflammation siteidet, the sa- 
line poultice should again foe employed; and by «l(er- 
nating this niode of practice, strumous sweliiogs, and 
scrophuious enlargements of a chronic obstinate natnve, 
bare very frequently been totally disponed. 

CATAPLASMA sinapis. 

MUSTARD CATAPLASM. 

m 

R Seminam sinapis in pulverem contritorum. 
Medallae panis sing. lib. ss. 
Acidi acetici q. s. 

These ingredients should be well beat together, so 
as to form a c;^taplasm. 



CHIRUR6ICA. 29 

Tlie mustard poultice is a very powetiiil stimulant, 
general]/ inflaming the sur&ce where it is applied wo 
much as to raise blisters. * As a surgical application it 
is very seldom used. We do not see, however, why it 
should not prove beneficial if applied to the soles of 
the feet in certain comatose affections and lethargic 
itc^)ors, arbing from violent concussion or injuries of 
the h /t 4, mora e^ecialljr when fiee evacuattoaa^ both 
by the laooet and pui^gative lenediea!, have been fm» 



It will be seen, that in our Ibt of catapiasmi wm 
have expunged many extemporaneous prescriptiona 
collected by others^ and which appear to have been 
held in veiy high repute by surgeoDs Mrith whom 
they had their origin, or by whom they jvere chiefly 
recommended and employed. This rejection has not 
arisen from any hasty refusal of credit due to the 
praise which they have obtained, nor from any disbe- 
lief in the utility and ser trice they have afforded; but 
from a persuasion that the advantage gained from all 
poultices may be reduced to two or three general in- 
tentions, and that such may be effected by means much 
more simple and easy than have been generally sup- 
posed. We have, therefore, endeavoured to render 
the formulae under this head as concise and simple as 
possible 5 not venturing however to reject any formula 
which may have been highly recommended, unless we 
have seen equal benefit afforded by others less operose, 
and less compounded. 



M PHABIIACOPJKIA 

GAUSnCUM COMMUNE CUM OPIO. 
COMMON CAUSTIC WITH OPIUM. 

Bk Potaf8« com calce drach. ij. 
Opii m pohr. triti drach. S8« 
Saponis moUis q. s. misce. 

Thh cMittic win answer^ in general, sofideatljr 
Will far most p u rpo aet where a caottic i* indicated. 
For the mode of appl3ring it aee obfiervations under the 
article PotaiMi cum cake. 



CERATUM CALAMINJE. (L.) 
CALAMINE CERATE. 

K Calaminse prspariitaB 
Cer» flavae sing. lib. m. 
Olifttolei O. j. 

The wa% being cut into small pieces^ and mixed 
with the oil, they are to be melted together over a slow 
fire, and when sufficiently cooled the calamine is to be 
stirred in> being previously reduced to a very fine pow- 
der. Notwithstanding the modus operandi of this 
cerate might give rise to some hypothetical, and per- 
haps unsatisfactory, discussion, it certainly is entitled to 
very considerable merit in certain cases, where the sur- 
fsLCt has been some time excoriated, the surrounding 
ikin irritable, and the discharge thio, and' in consider^ 



CH1RUR6ICA. 91 

Mt qoan^ty; more especially if the part to affected be 
iaunediatdy contigooos to bone, or there be little er no 
interpoBing mascokr sabt tance. As a proof of which 
J have frequently seen the cerate of calamine agree bet- 
ter with ulcers or abrasions situated upon the fore part 
of the tibia than any other application « As an exter- 
nal remedy to bums and scalds». after the pain and vio- 
lence of the inflanunation have been removed by 
suitable means, this cerate will often be exceedingly 
proper. It has sometimes proved serviceable in the 
ophthalmia tarri, placed upon the edges of the eye-lids 
every night at bedtime by means of a camel'i^ hair 
brush, in cases where more stimulating applications 
could not be bcnme : its efficacy, in this latter affection, 
may sometimes be increased by the addition of a little 
sofk extract of opium, in the proportion of half a 
drachm, or even a drachm, of the opium to an ounce 
of the cerate. 

CERATUM CALAM[N/E CUM PLUMBI 
ACETATIS LIQUORE. 

CALAMINE CERJTE WITH LIQUOR 
OF ACETATE OF LEAD. 

R Cerati calaminae lib. j. 
Pliimbi acetatts liquoris unc. ij. 
Misce* 

In forming a small* quantity of this composition the 
ingredients may be pretty well blended together by sim-. 



<3 FHARHACOPOEIA 

pjy triturating them on a marble slab^ if the proportions 
be in the quantity prescribed the cerale wiU be better 
made by obserring the directions given by the College 
for the formation of the Ceratun^ Calaminae, adding 
the liquor of acetate of lead mixed with the calanude: 
It will be requisite in this case to keep the mixture 
stirring till perfectly cold. This application is a fa^ 
▼ourite remedy with sonde expeil^^iced surgeons to 
bums and scalds, and often de^rvedly so. 



CERATUM CALAMINE CUM HYDRAR- 
GYRI NITRICO-OXYDO. 

CJLAMINE CERATE WITH NITRICr 
OXYDE OF MERCURY. 

R Cerati Calaminae unc. ij. 

Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi (in pulverem 
tenuissimum redacti) drach. tiss. misce. 

The cerate and nitric-oxyde of mercury should be 
very intimately united by trituration. This is a very 
common, and at the same time a very useful formula; 
and to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers much recom- 
mended, as a very proper stimulant for inducing an 
action conducive to the restoration of the parts. 



CRIRURGICJL M 

CERATUM CETAGEI.YL.; 
CERJTE OF SPBRMACETL 

R Cetacei unc. 88. 
Cerae albae unc. jj« 
Olivse cid unc. rr. ' 

These ingredients should be slowly melted together^ 
and when removed from the fire they should be stirred 
tin cold. The use of this application is sufficiently 
obvious. 

CERATUM CPTACEI CUM HYDRAGYRO 
PR^CIPITATO ALSO. 

CERATE OF SPERMACETI WITH 
WHITE PRECIPITATED MERCURY. 

R Cerati Cetacei unc. if. 
Hydrargyrl predpitati albi drach. iiss* 
Misce; 

This application may be usefully employed against 
herpetic and tettery eruptions. It wiU often succeed 
in Psora. 



g5 



34 PHAIMAOOPOBU 

CERATUM CONII. . 
CERATE OF HEMLOCK. 

^Ungoenti cooii lib. j. 
Cetacei one. ij. 
Gene albs one. iij. miice. 

This cerate is of firmer consistency than the oint* 
aent under the same name^ andas.snch^ in somecasesj 
where hemlock as an implication is indicated^ it is pre- 
fierable; inpsmuch as it requires to be renewed much 
less seldom; a circumstance in sores or ulcers very ne* 
eessary to be attended to. It is one of the select for* 
^noliB of St. Bartholomew's Ho^tsl. 

CERATUM CRETiE ACETATIS 
COMPOSITUM. 

COMPOUND CERATE OF ACETATE 

OF CHALK. 

It Eroi^stri plumbi unc. viij. 
(^OliTse 
€N!tsspp. 

Ad& actUci singulor unc. iv. ^ ' 

Plumbi soperacetatis in pulv. tritsedrach. iij, 

!|^ oil «id lead plaster arefirst to be melted together 
^Il«rii(ml1e firei the prepared chalk is then to be 



CHIRUR6IGA. M 

added, and the whole is to be well incorporated together 
by brisk stirring. When tb« mixtiife la sufficient!/ 
cooled, the vinegar and superaoetate of lead are to*be 
added, and the stirring is to be continued till the com- 
position is nearly cold. 

Dr. Kirkland, in his Medical Surgery, distinguishes 
this cerate by the appellation of neutral cerate : it is a 
good application in many cases where the surface ia 
abraded and irritable, and in the latter stages of bums 
and scalds. Dr. K's recommendation sufficiently war- 
rants its introduction to general use. See KirUand't 
Medical Surgery. 



CERATUM HYDRARGYRI 
SUBMURIATIS. 

CERATE OF SUBMURIJTE Ot 

MERCURY. 

Br Hydrargyri submuriatis drach. j.. 
Cerati cetacei drach. vj. 
misce. 

These should be rubbed together, so that the sub- 
muriate of mercury be equally distributed through the 
whole of the cerate. This is a good stimulating appli* 
cation to ulcers of an indolent nature, more especially 
such as are venereal; and with this intention it is much 
used and recommended by Mr. Lucas, surgeon of Guy *a 
HospitaL 



96 PHARMACOPOEIA 

CERATUM LYTTiE. (L.) 
CERATE OF CJNTHJRIDES. 

^ Cerati cetacei igne emolliti, drach. vj. 
Lyttarum in pulverem tritaram drach. j. 
misce. 

Tlus is a common form of cerate for keeping up a 
liiflckai^e from blisters, and rendering them what is 
called perpetual. It is requisite that the cantharides 
be very minutely divided^ previous to their being 
blended with the cerate of sparmaceti, which i^ di- 
rected to be £rst softened by the fire. 

CERATUM MELLIS. 
CERATE OF HONEY. 

R Olivae olei oss. 
Mellis dispumati lib. ss. 
Cera; fiavae 
Emplastri plumbi sing. unc. iv. 

To the wax, oil, and plaster of the oxyde of lead, 
melted together, the honey is to be added, and the 
mixture should be stirred till cold. 

This cerate is made use of in St. Bartholomew's 
Hospital. It is gently stimulating, and somewhat de- 
siccative. 



CHIRURGICA. V 

CERATUM MELLIS CUM TERE- 

BINTHINA. 

CERATE OF HONEY WITH 
TURPENTINE. 

R Mellis dispomati 
Terebin tiling volg. sing. lib. i. 
PoUinis tritici q. s. 

The honey and turpentine being liquified together^ 
a sufficient quantity of fine wheat flour is to be stirred 
in, to give it the consistency of a cerate. The author 
has seen this application made use of to chilblains, in 
a state of ulceration, on the feet and hands of children 
with the best possible effects. They should be kept 
constantly covered with it, and dressed night and 
morning. - 

CERATUM PLUMBI 
CERATE OF OXYDE OF LEAD. 

1^ Emplastri plumbi unc. vj. 
Adipis praeparatse unc. viij. 
Olivae olei unc. iv. misce. 

These ingredients are to be melted together over a 
gentle fire. This is a mild application j and well adapted 
for superficial sores and abrasions of the skin, espe- 
cially if accompanied with a considerable discharge. 
Its efficacy may in some cases be promoted by stirring 



S8 PHARMACOFDEIA. 

into the melted mixture liquor of acetate of lead, in 
the proportion of one drachm to an ounce of tbe 
cerate. 



CERATUM PLUMBI COMPOSITUM. (L.) 
COMPOUND CERATE OF ACETATE 

OF LEAD. 

Br Plumbi acetatis unc. iiss. 
Cerae flavae unc. ir. 
OH?s olei unc. ix. 
Camphorae drach. ss. 

The cami^or should be rubbed down with a small 
portion of the oil« and the remaining oil and wax being 
melted together over a gentle fire, the liquor plumbi 
acetatis is to be stirred in; and when the mixture is 
nearly cold the dissolved camphor is to be added: the 
whole should then be briskly agitated till perfectly cold. 

This is rather a complicated compoaition; but being 
given by the rojral College we must not doubt its efficacy 
as a fit application in some peculiar afFections. It may 
be en^loyed as a gentle stimulant and desiccative j ag 
such it may be used with advantage in some casea of 
bums and scalds ; in chronic ophthalmia of the tanas; 
and for the increased secretion of tears^ which so fie- 
qoently afects the eyes of elderly people. 



CHISUBOICA. H 

■ 

CERATUM RESINiE, (L.) 
CERATE OF ROSIN. 

ft RetiiuBflava 
Cerae fla? ae nog. lib. as. 
OlivJB dd O. j. 

These should be slowly melted together^ the wsk 
being previously cut into soiall peoes. 

CERATUM SAPONIS. (L.) 
SOJP CERATE. 

R Saponis unc. viij. 
Cerae flavae unc. x. 

Flnmbi oxydi semiTitrei contriti lib. j. 
Olivae olei O. j. 
Acidi acetici cong. j. 

The London College directs this cerate, originally 
taken from the practice of St. Bartholomew's Hospital^ 
and much used and recommended by the late celebrated 
Mr. Pott, to be prepared in the following way : 

Boil the Tinegar with the oxyde of lead over a slow 
€re^ constantly stiiring tliem till they become united and 
glutinous; then add the wax, oil, and soap, previously 
melted together; observing that the temperature of the 
two compounds be nearly at the same degree when 
^di^ are )>lended witb'eadh other. The whde should 



40 PHARBfACOPOETA 

again be effectually and constantly stirred till the cerate 
is nearly ookL In making tkis p^paration the greatest 
possible caution is required}: the fire should never be 
too rapidly applied, the stirring should be uniform 
and incessant, and the heat should only be sufficient 
to keep the two compositions liquid at the time when 
they are united. The original intention in using this 
cerate was that of its being a very useful application, 
when spread upon linen, to fractured limbs, for tho 
obvious purpose of acHng as a proper stay to the part^ 
and tending to keep the points of the bone in due 
apposition, possessing at the same tiii)e the property of 
a saturnine application. As a remedy to open sores we 
much doubt whether it be ever judicious to applj it. 
As a means of support to fractured bones, for we can 
consider it in no other light, it may prove a very effectu^j 
and at the sanoe time a very dangerous one. When 
spread on linen, and applied in one piece firmly round 
the limb, in such a way that the two ends overlap each 
other, the worst possible effects may ensuej for should 
much tumefaction come on, the inflamed vessels will 
be completely strangulated, and high erysipelaloas Id- 
£ammation, and a rapid state of gangrene may be the 
result. The author recollects an instance of this sort, 
which had nearly proved fatal. A boy having broken 
his thigh, the limb was immediately envelqwd by the 
surgeon in attendance with a circular bandage of soap 
cerate, and the patient for some hours left to his fate; 
a r;ipid state of swelling ensued; the lad became tor- 
tured with paioj from wbieh he wa« only rckaaod 



CHIRUHGICA. 41 

by hit mother judiciously cutting the bandage of soap 
cerate, and rrmoving it altogether^ but not before high 
iuflamnoation bad been excited, and dark*cok>mred veii- 
cles raised in different parts contiguous to the injniy. 
The limb was ordered to be laid upon a soft pillow, and 
linen rags wetted with a lotion, consisting of three parts 
liquor ammoniac acetatisj and one of spirit of wine, were 
kept constantly applied, by which means the tumefac- 
tion and inflammation gradually subsided, and the boy, 
after a severe and protracted confinement, ultimately 
got well. We believe it is now a universal maxim with 
surgeons of eminence never to recommend the soap 
cerate to fractured limbs till all inflammatioo and swell* 
ing have entirely disappeared, nor till a union in some 
degree has been effected* It is sometimes recom* 
mended as a constant covering to strumous enlarge- 
ment of the glands, as also to scrophulous swellings^ 
and ia some cases with seemingly good effect* 

CERATUM SEVI COMPOSITUM. 
COMPOUND CERATE OF PREPARED 

SUET. 

R Adipis praeparatae unc. viij. 
Sevi pra:parati pp. unc. iv. 
Olivae olei unc. ij. 
mlsce. 

The prepared mutton suet and hog's lard are to be 
melted together over a gentle fire, the oil should then 



^ PJEIABMACOPOEIA 

be added, and the whde gtirred till cold. Thisiia 
cheap and mild application, and where a oorering tiiii* 
ply to an abraded wor&ce is required, it will be foand 
to antwer the pnrpoae aa well aa many othen which are 
/more componnded, and fo mote expensiTO. 

CEREOLUS CHIRUR60RUM. 
A BOUGIE. 

The tnrm. Bougie, is given hj lurgeohi to a long, 
llendeo flexible instrument, which is formed for the 
tmrpoie of being introduced along the urethra into Ute 
bladder. Since the commencement of adopting tUa 
form of instmment into the practice of surgery, for the 
relief of certain maladies incident to the urethra^ va- 
rious opinions have, occasionally, prevailed as to the pfO» 
bability that the cure of such maladies might be accele- 
rated by peculiar remedies employed in the compodtiM 
of the instrument; and that it might be so contrived, aa 
to remove every variety of complaint, or even dispo* 
sition to complaint, in the urethra^ firom thatof ^«siBf 
arising without any obvious cause, and being only 
transitory in its nature, but producing in some degree 
Suppressio urinae, to that of confirmed stricture, de- 
pending OD a morbid alteration of the internal mem- 
brane of the urethra, and giving rise to an utter impose 
sibility, almost, of passing a drop of urine. 

In consequence of such opinions being entertained) 
opinions suggested by the phantoms of hypothesis,, 
aiid maintained through an ignorance of the 



CHIRURGISA/ 

principles of the animal economy^ and a groaa defid- 
eoqr of knowledge of the modus operandi of medkiaa^ 
or hatched by the knavery of empiricism^ and prap** 
gated by her abettors at the expence of truth j a variety 
of heterogeneous and inappropriate articles have been 
introduced into the comp u a fak m of bougies; aod in or- 
der to attach to them the necessary degree of credit, 
they have been designated with the title of Medicated 
Bougies, (Cerei Medicati) and offered to the public 
as constructed to meet every ui^gent emergency, and 
every possible variety of disease, which should occur 
in the urethra: containing in their composition some- 
thing, rdaxaot, something antispasmodic, something 
sedative to relieve initation, something corrosive to 
destroy, and something corroborating to bind op and 
tighten, the parts; thus obviating any preternatural 
irregularity and deformity, whether ftcnn laxity, debi- 
lity, spasm, or total obliteration in the urinary canal. 
From a oonvictidn that boogies, if simple, act only by 
their mechanical pressure and distension ; and if me- 
dicated, as it is called, that this can only be done with 
any e£Ebct by communicating to them a corrosive qua- 
lity, as by arming them, either with the common lunar 
caustic, or kali purum ; our formulae for the composition 
of Iwugiesare comparatively very few. We, likewise, 
deem it fit, further to observe, that, however well pro- 
portioned or appropriate may be the articles intended 
for their composition, bougies will seldom or never 
be well formed, but by those who are constantly em- 
ployed in nduQg them^ and that the surgeon may 



44 PHABMACOPOEIA. 

ftlways parcbase them ^nuch cheaper and better tham 
he can make them himself. The following appear to 
ui the mott proper formulae for introduction. 



CEREOLI SIMPLICES. 
SIMPLE BOUGIES. 

R Cerae albae unc. xvi. 
Tereblnthinae venetae unc. isi« 
OnTae olei unc. j. 

The wax and turpentine are to be mehed together 
orer a slow fire^ and the oil is then to be added. 

R OKvae olei O. iiss. 
Cerse flavselib. j. 
Minii fib. iss. 

Bdl together over a slow £re till the minium is 
perfectly dissolved^ which it will be in about fbar or 
six hours. 



DR. SWEDIAURS BOUGIE. 

& Cerae flavae lib. j. 
Celacei celi drach. iij. 
Plumbi acetatis drach. v. 

These ingredients^ like the former, are to be boiled 



CHIKUR6ICA. 4M 

together, till the compositioo is judged to be of ar.pro- 
per consistence for forming hougies. 



MR. B. BELL'S BOUGIE. 

REmplastri plombi unc. iv. 
Cerae flavas nnc. iu. 
Olivae olei drach. iij. 

The wax and oil are to be melted in one ftesiel, 
and the lead plaster in another, prcvioas to mixing. 
See precautions under the formula^ Ceratum Saponii. 

In order to form a bougie^ « slip of linen, in width 
from m quarter to two thirds of an inch, or an inch at 
the one end, and from two thirds of an inch to one indi 
and a quarter at the other end, and in length fnm 
ten to twelve inches, must be dipped in the melted 
composition, taking care that it be evenly applied; it is 
then to be careJfuUy folded up into the proper longitn^ 
dinal shape, and rolled firmly between two mart>le slabs 
till pei^ctly smooth and even . Boogies thus formed are 
soBoewhat tapering, but very triflingly so. fiefove in« 
troduciog them they should always be drawn onc^ or 
twice through between the thumb and finger, and then 
ec^€/red with sweet oil. They should always be pliant 
and flexible, yet sufficiently firm to resist the necessary 
degree of force employed by the surgeon for their in- 
troduction into the bladder. They should be kept in 
a cool place, or one that is somewhat damp, and con- 
stantly enveioped with soft paper. 



4f PHARMACOPOEIA 

The preceding ooniposifions are luited fbr fbrtning 
boagies, which are suffictentlf firm^ yet somewhat soft 
and jriddiog ; so that by introducing one of proper size 
along the course of the urethra, we shall generally be 
able to ascertain the seat and nature of the disease : if 
spasmodic, by the continued or lengthened indentitions 
along the course of the bougie, or by its being flattened 
or compressed so much that its roundness, previous to 
its introduction, is much altered upon its being with- 
drawn; and if arising from permanent stncture, bj the 
twifted, corkscrew, or spiral shape the instrunoeot g^ 
nerally receives $ presenting us, in some degree, with a 
mould of the thickened walls of the urinary canal, and 
shewing us to what extent the stricture has advanced^ 
and in a great measure what form it has assamedi 
thus guiding our conduct in attempting a radical 
core by caustic. Bougies of these compositions may» 
likewise, be of great utility in pointing out to us 
what advantages we are gaining during the core by 
caustic, and proving the good effects ' derived ky 
each introduction of the caustic bougie; for, pravkMS 
to using the latter, the simple bougie should always 
be passed down to, or even, if possible, beyond the 
seat of disease, and suffered to remain in the urethm 
for half a minute or a minute, after which the 
««e should be immediately employed. 



CHIRUROiCA. 4rr 

THE CATGUT BOUGIE. 

Thcfe are few, if waj, caaei of strictore oocaniiif 
in the methra wherein the catgut bougie is to be pie- 
ferredi and in the treatment of no small number of 
strictures in the urinary canal, which have oooie under 
our observation, though they were of every descriptioii« 
we do not recollect one instance where it was neccssaiy 
to employ this form of instrument Indeed, in the 
hands of a young practitioner, we are fearful the catgut 
bougie mi^t sometimes prove highly injurious, both 
from its smallness and hardness ; and if pressed forward 
with too much force in the first instance, in a case of 
permanent stricture, or where there is an indurated 
cicatrix, nearly obliterating the passage, it is very liable 
to nipture the urethra, unless coming in direct apposi- 
tion with the aperture of the stricture. The catgut 
bougie, however, has lately been made the means of 
finoing a boogie, in our opinion, infinitely superior to 
any #tber fcA* the treatment of spasmodic strictures. 
This ia called the Caoutchouc Boiigie, and is made by 
coveting the catgut bougie with a solution of Indian 
rubber or gumj in sufificient quantity to form it of a 
proper siae and shape. The precise method of forming 
these bougies is confined to one or two persons; and 
though great secrecy is observed, both as to the com^ 
position, and the way in which the instrument is 
fonmedj yet we betieve the secret consists in finding a 
ioitablis a(rive»t fcr tbo Indian gtun. This solutiosi 



4$ PHARMACOPOEIA 

being of a proper c onsistency> is put into a deep 
vessel^ and the catgnt is earefblly and repeatedly im* 
inersed into it^ till a sufficiency of the gum has adhered, 
10 as to form it of the proper size for a bougie. It is 
probable, that some time is allowed to intervene be^ 
tween each dipping, in order that the solution on the 
. eatgot may contract a sufficient firmness, so as readily 
to admit of a second layer of coating by another dip* 
ping. Now the chemical properties of caoutcfaouc, 
from a knowledge of which this excellent form of 
bougie has been produced^ are the following: ^ It is 
softened by heat, and at length melts, swelling up and 
emitting an unpleasant odour; on cooling again it re- 
mains adhesive, acquires the consistence of tar, and 
never recoverj its former elasticity. It may bedis- 
solved by heat in fat oils, and will conxbine also with 
heated wax; It is soluble in cajuptft oil^ and completely 
so in aether, if the sether be previoosly washed with 
water. If dissolved in cether the gum, upon the 
poration of the aether, completely recovers its fori 
elasticity* From this account it would seem, tbat«ether 
was the proper menstruum for dissolving caoutchodi^ 
yrhen intended to be used for purposes wherein it is 
required that its elasticity should not be diminisbed. 
It most, however, be found a very extravagant way of 
preparing these bougies, and probably some other 
cheaper solvent may have been discovered. For leiiev* 
ing spasmodic affections of the urethra^ producing sop* 
pression of arine, whether arising Irom a pecoliar mas* 
bid tnitability of ilie part^ or orlgisatiag from 



CHIRURGICA. 4^ 

remains of a permanent stricture imperfectly cared, wo 
are acquainted with no form of instrument that will in 
genera] effect relief mere easily and safely to the pa- 
tient^ than the caoutchouc bougie; as being sufficiently 
firm, elastic, and pliant, and which may always be in- 
troduced without danger of breaking; an accident tb« 
metallic bougies, which we shall next speak of, are not 
totally free from; nor does the caoutchouc bougie 
ever assume the corkscrew shape by meeting with even 
a tri£ing degree of resistance in tlie urethra, like the 
common wax or plaster bougies. 

THE METALLIC BOUGIE. 

Bougies are likewise formed by the combination of 
^iitfercQt metals, which, when melted together, form 
a subfitaoce almiost as flexible as softened wax. These 
bougies are of a beautiful silvery white^ as it has been 
called, which they never lose by keeping, and are suf- 
ficiently pliant for all purposes; but they are altogether 
iaelasUc, and remain in whatever shape they may be 
placed iu> whether by the operator, or from meeting 
with some foreign and opposing body, till a greater force 
be applied to alter that shape, which alteration is easily 
effected owing to their extreme flexibility. If, then, 
one of \he9t metallic bougies bo introduced into the 
urethra, whether for the purpose of relieving some spas- 
modic afiection, or to break down any stricture which 
may exist, it will be found occasionally to meet with 
more resistance, and to occation more pain, than even 

D 



so PHARMACOPOEIA 

the catheter in one case, or common caoutchouc boogie 
ill the other. The cause of this resistance to the metal- 
lic bougie^ we attribute to its partaking of a curve; or 
rather an angle, more readily at about an inch^ or an 
inch and a half^ from its point, than at any other part; 
and that in proportion as it meets with more or less 
resistance in the passage will this angle be more or 
less acute. Having assumed this angle, the remain- 
ing distance to the point is much less flexible, from its 
shortened dimension, and will often, especially to a 
young operator, occasion considerable difficulty before 
he can pass it easily under the arch of the pubis, so as 
to follow the proper curve of the urefhra; an objection 
the caoutchouc bougie is totally free from, owing both 
to its equable flexibility and uniform elasticity through- 
out. Indeed it is not beyond our recollection that the 
metallic bougie more than once has broken when with- 
in the bladder, to remove which, the patient was com- 
pelled to undergo the same operation as if he had been 
labouring under the stone; and notwithstanding some 
allowance may probably be made for the awkwardness 
of the surgeon, yet we think an occurrence of this 
nature a decided objection to the general use and adop- 
tion of metallic bougies. 

» 

THE CAUSTIC BOUGIE. 

This bougie is formed by arming the common wax 
bougie with the caustic potash, (potassa fusa), or nitrate 
of silver (argenti nitras), the latter of which is cer- 
tainly preferable, both from its being less deliquescent; 



CHJRURGIC\. 51 

and from its action being much more confined to the 
part to w hich it is applied. At the end of the bougie, 
a small slender roll of lunar caustic, from one fifth 
to oce third of an inch in length, is closely confined 
within its centre; and as the plaster bougies should 
always be n ade of rolls of new cloth, tiie caustic is 
rendered sufficiently firm and permanent^ a«< the whole 
length is included except the very point intended t» 
act* Whenever a stricture proceeds from an indurated 
cicatrix, whether broad or narrow, which has arisen 
from a slow and gradual alteration in the internal 
membrane of the urethra, or immediately from the 
influence of sbme venereal affection, the surest and 
most effectual mode of relief is by the caustic bougie. 
Much skill and dexterity are, however, required on the 
part of the surgeon, who undertakesto cure permanent 
stricture by caustic applications. In the first place he 
should be well acquainted with the anatomical structure 
of the urethra, from the very extremity of the penis to 
the tjcck of the bladder^ and he should be well versed in 
the mode, both of passing the catheter and common 
bougie. He should, likewise, be conversant with the 
resistance which is frequently experienced from the 
violent spasmodic action of the urethra, taking pla(^ 
apcm its being distended by the introduction of any in- 
strument along its canal 5 for, without this knowledge, 
he may be very liable to mistake a common case of 
spasm for permanent stricture; and by adopting the 
caustic as a means of cu«e, may do almost irretrievable 
michief. In our observations on comunon beugied, m c 

d2 



^2 PHAHMACOPOEIA 

have offered some remarks whereby to distinguish these 
two different causes of interruption to the free flow of 
urine from the bladder. In order to ascertain the exact 
place of the stricture^ a common bougie should be passed 
down to it^ and the distance of the stricture from the 
extremity of the penis^ should be marked upon the 
caustic bougie by the previous measurement made with 
the common one. In conducting the cure of perroa<« 
nent strictures by caustic bougies, it is always requisite, 
previous to using the caustic, to pass as full a siaed 
common bougie (it being' first covered with some mild 
unctuous substance) as the patient can well bear, down 
to the seat of stricture, and to keep the parts for half 
a minute, or a minute, upon the stretch, by drawing 
the penis well up upon the bougie $ recollecting, how- 
ever, to use no violence. After withdrawing the con^- 
mon bougie, a caustic one of the same diameter, or 
nearly so, should be immediately passed down to the 
stricture, previously made iready by exposing the very 
end of the caustic, and just moistening it; taking care, 
however, to smear the circumference of the bougie with 
lard, oil, or spermaceti ointment. When the extremity 
of the bougie is found to have come into contact 
with the stricture, it should be gently pressed forward, 
or worked backwards and forwards for half a minute or 
a minute, till it is judged that it has made some impres-* 
sion upon the stricture by the pain expressed by the 
patient 5 it is then to be immediately withdrawn, and 
if the patient complain of great pain, he should be 
ordered to lie upon a bed for some time, and twenty 
or thirty drops of the tincture of opium should be 



OIIRURGICA. 5> 

exhibited in a wine-glass of some aromatic water. Thi^ 
process may be repeated every second or third day, ac- 
cording to the progress made in the cure of the com* 
plaiat^ and the pain and inconvenience complained of 
by the patient It wil)^ sometimes, greatly expedite 
the cure, to pass a common bougie down to, or even 
through, the stricture on the intermediate day s of using 
the armed bougie. Delicate as is this operation, and 
requisite as is the caution in conducting it, we may 
venture to affirm that there are few permanent stric- 
tures which do not admit of radical relief by a just and 
proper adoption of it. Much has been said about the 
vi<^nt haemorrtiages which sometimes ensue after the 
use of the caustic, but we believe nine tinfes in ten they 
will be found to depend on a too frequent use of the 
caustic, or from continuing it too great a length of 
time in the canal so as to destroy the urethra. 

As an additional means of ascertaining the seat and 
form of strictures in the urethra, see Charles Bell's 
Operative Surgery, on the use of the gold and silver 
beaded wires. 

CONIUM. (L.) 

CONIUM MACULATUM. 

HEMLOCK: the Leaf, Flower , and Seed. 

There is not, perhaps, among the whole number of 
articles contained in the materia medica, one which 
has experienced greater reverses in the opinions, both 
of physicians and surgeons^ than hemlock 5 being at one 



.5 i PHARMACOPOEIA 

time held forth to notice almost as a general panacea, 
and at another decried as possessed of no merit whatever, 
whether employed as an external application, or given 
as an internal remedy. Indurations, scirrhosities, can- 
cers, in whatever part they might chance to be situated, 
'ophthalmia of every kind, and ulcers of every description, 
have been represented as safely and readily remediable 
by the exhibition of hemlock : on the other hand its effi- 
cacy in such afiections has been totally denied. From our 
own experience of this plant, given for such complaints, 
and which has been sufficiently ample to warrant an 
opinion upon the subject, we think that it will generally 
prove very inadequate in the greater number of these 
complaints. It certainly, however, possesses the power 
of bettering certain ulcers very materially, and dis- 
posing them to heal; and that when no other medicine 
can be administered with equal safety, or with equal 
success. Scrofulous ulcers, accompanied with pain and 
irritability, attended with a glassy aspect, and often- 
times a surrounding erysipelatous blush, especially if 
the pulse be quick and hard, arc very generally greatly 
meliorated by taking the conium. Mr. Pearson, surgeon 
of the Lock Hospital, than whom no one appears t© 
have examined certain articles in the materia medica^ 
as to their virtues in venereal affections, more accurately^ 
or to have detailed his experience of them more faith- 
fully and clearly, in his book on that subject, and which 
ought to be in the hands of every surgeon of the United 
Kingdom, says, 'The extract and powder of hemlock 
m^y be sometimes given with evidently good effect in 



CHIRURGICA. 55 

spreading irritable sores; whether they are connecti^d 
with the active state of the venereal virus, or when they 
remain after the completion of the venereal course; and 
it would seem that the benefit conferred by this drug 
oaght not to be ascribed solely to its aoodyne qualities^ 
since the same advantages cannot always be obtained 
by the liberal exhibition of opium, even where it does 
not disagree with the stomach/ He further says, that 
it is almost a specific in the venereal ulcer which at- 
tacks the toes at their line of junction with the foot, 
and which often becomes gangrenous ; and that in any 
spreading gangrenous sore, where there exists ^eat 
pain, and no appearance of any remarkable debility, 
hemlock will frequently effect more than bark, vitriol, or 
cordiils. It has appeared to me that, whenever hem- 
lock is likely to do good, the patient either experiences 
some benefit soon after commencing with its use, or 
that he is affected with but a comparatively small dose. . 
The preferable mode of exhibiting it is in pills, formed 
of the expressed juice and the fresh powder of the 
leaves. The dose to begin with is generally one of 
these pills twice in the day, gradually increasing them 
till they produce a sensible effect on the stomach, or 
some degree of giddiness. As many as twenty of these 
pills may sometimes be given in the day. I recollect, 
in a case of carcinomatous sore, where one hundred 
and twenty of these pUls, consisting of five grains each, 
were exhibited in twenty-four hours, and continued 
for some time without the least benefit or inconvenience 
to the patient. See Foraentam Conii, and Pil. Conii 
Compos. 



56 PHARMACOPOEIA 



CINCHONiECORDIFOLliE CORTEX. (L.) 
CINCHONA OFFICINALIS. (E.} 

CINCHONjdy the Bark; commonly called 
PERUVIAN BARK. 

Of the three varieties enumerated by botaaisttj, 
and uoticed in some of our Pharmacopceias^ the yellow 
Peruvian bark is the only one essentially necessary in 
inrgical practice^ being much more powerful than either 
of the other species. The Cinchona has now become 
so much in use with the surgeon^ and is universally 
deemed of such importance in several cases which come 
exclusively under his cognizance^ that no apology is re- 
quired for offering it to his observation. It is^ however, 
a medicine by no means to be administered indiscrimi- 
nately, under a supposition the most unworthy possible 
a man of science or judgment, that if it do no good 
it never does harm ', for we have repeatedly seen cases, 
purely surgical* very materially aggravated by an in- 
cautious and improper exhibition of this remedy, owing 
to its impeding the functions of some one or more 
important organ, the due and healthy performance of 
which is so requisite to good health, that the regular 
and orderly action of the animal economy is incom- 
patible with their disturbance. In constitutions phthisi- 
cally inclined, nnd where the pulse is generally quicker 
than natural, more especially if there be any dyspnaea» 
or any disposition to active fasmorrhagy from the lungs,. 



CHIRURGICA. 5T 

the surgeon ought to weigh well the propriety of giving 
the cinchona, whatever may be the case under his care. 
If there exist any preternatural determination of blood 
to the head, we should be very cautious how we ad- 
minister cinchona, or if under its administration any 
marks of congestion in the chest take place^ or the 
pulse become quickened, it is for the most improper. 
Iti many cases of ulcers, particularly of the lower ex- 
tremities, evidently connected with a deranged state 
of the functions of the chylopoeietic viscera, and more 
particularly those of (he liver, the free and liberal use 
of the bark is generally prescribed ; and we may ven- 
ture to affirm^ in the greater number of instances, very 
improperly. In gangrene, accompanied with turges* 
cency of the blood vessels, immediately supervening; 
upon high and active inflammation, whether of the- 
phlegmonous or erysipelatous kind, much harm has- 
often been occasioned by the too early employment of 
the bark. Jn most ulcers, however, connected with, 
great irritability ox laxity of fibre > in woundr whera- 
there is any tendency to passive haemon hagy, or where - 
the surface is pale and glassy, or where there is an evi- 
dent indolence in the granulating process, or where- 
the discharge is too profuse and unhealthy,, or where 
the wound shews a disposition to slough or enlarge 
itself, in all these cases the use of tlie bark is most un- 
equivocally called for. It is recommended, on the first 
authority, in incipient venereal buboes ; in ulcers of the* 
tonsils and gangrenous ulcers from a' venereal cause ^; 
m- likewise in cbeDcres of the penis, immediatelx ow 



58 PIIAUMACOPOEIA 

their first appearance, if at all disposed to slough. 
Cinchona, loo, hasiens ihe exfoliating process, and for 
the most part is proper whenever the vis vitae is lan- 
guid and deficient. It is best given in substance where 
the stomach will bear it, in doses of twenty-five or 
thirty grains, three times in the day, or oftener ; and 
in some cases in doses of one or two drams, every four 
hours. It is often rendered much more ngreeable by 
the addition of some aromatic, and much more pala- 
table by being given in liquorice infusion^ in milk^ or 
in a weak decoction of malt. If the cinchona run off 
by stool, this effect may be corrected by the addition 
of a few drops of the tincture of opium^ and often 
by combining it with some grateful stimulant. 

COLLYRIUM ACIDI ACETICI. 
COLLYRWM OF FINEGJR. 

jic Acidi acetici uhc. j. 
Spiritus tenuioris unc. ss. 
Aq. rosse unc. viij. misce. 

These proportions will in general be found appli- 
cable in most cases. I'hc strength, however, may be 
diminished or increased, by a diminution or increase 
of the vinegar. 

This collyrium is often usefully applied to weak 
watery eyes, or to remove the pain and sense of prick- 
ing, experienced in the globes of the eyes^ after they 
bave been fatigued by close attention to aoin* one ol^ 



CHIRURGICA. $g 

ject. It is of use Id chronic scrofulous ophthalmia -, as 
likewise in the more acute forms of ophthalmia^ after 
free evacuations. See the article Acidum Aceticum. 



COLLYRIUM AMMONIiE ACETATIS 
CAMPHORATUM. 

COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF AM- 
AMONI WITH CAMPHOR. 

R Liquoris ammoniac acetatis uoc. ij. 
Misturae camphotae unc. vj. misce. 

This mixture forms a very elegant^ and, in general, 
a very effectual coUyrium in cases where mild astringent 
and stimulating remedies are indicated. 

COLLYRIUM AMMONIiE ACETATIS 

CUM OPip. 

COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF AM- 
MONITE WITH OPIUM. 

R Liquoris ammonias acetatis unc. ij. 
Aq. dlstillatx ferventis unc. yj. 
Extract i opii mollis g^ x. 

Dissolve the sofl extract of opium in the boiling 
water 3 strain through fine linen, and add the liquor 



eo PHARMACOPOfifA 

of acetate of ammonia. This application will often 
be found to afford considerable relief in cases of acute 
ophtbalmiSj more especially in the early stages^ and 
where the pain is very considerable. 

COLLYRIUM CUPRI AMMONIATF. 
COLLYRIUM OF JMMONUTEI> 

COPPER. 

R iEroginis preparatae gr iv. 
Ammoniac muriatis scnip. ij, 
Liauoris calcis recentis une. vii}. 

Iliis collyrinm, the Liquor Cupri Ammoniati of 
the Dublin College, is similar to the Liquor Cupri Am- 
moniati of the London. It is the aqua sapphirina of 
former writers, and intended to be used as an applica- 
tion for the removal of specks situated upon the trans- 
parent cornea of the eye, whether arising from previou* 
inflammation or any other cause. It is, however, a 
doubtful remedy, and I believe seldom resorted tO; 



COLLYRIUM CUPRI SULPHATIS. 
See AQUA CUPRI SULPHATIS, 



CHIRURGICA. 6i 



COLLYRIUxM HYDRARGYRI MURIATIS. 

COLLYRIUM OF MURIATE OF 

QUICKSILVER. 

R Hydrargyri rauriatis gr ij. ad iv. 
Aquae distillatae unc. viij. misce. 

Thh solution of muriate of quicksilver may be 
used, in general, with great advantage in the ophthal- 
mia syphiliiica, especially if conjoined with the inter- 
nal exhibition of mercury. I have likewise often 
prescribed this coUyrium with very good effect in cases 
of scrofulous ophthalmia in children, where the eye- 
lids and the tarsus itself have been long affected with 
chronic inflammation, or where little troublesome ^ 
ulcers are situated on its margin. It is likewise very 
beneficial in that state of ophthalmia^ deixominatcd> 
Psorophthalmia. 

COLLYRIUM OPII. 
COLLYRIUM OF OPiUM. 

R Opii extracti mollis g"^ x, 
Camphorae g*' vj. 
Aquae distillatae ferventis unc. xij. 

'^ ^ Rob the camphor and opium iu a mortar till th«y 






- / - ' \^. • ., ^^ *^. 



61 PHARMACOPOEIA 

are well blended together, and add the boiling distilled 
water; or, 

B^ Fonficnti pnpnveris unc. iv. 
Aquae rosae 
Misturae camphorae aa. unc. ij, 

Either of these collyria may be used with pro- 
priety and advant.Tge in the early stages of ophthalmia, 
when accompanied with much pain and tumefaction; 
and the latter one at the commencement of the puru- 
lent ophthalmia of infants. 



COLLY RIUxM LIQUORIS PLUMBI 

ACETATIS. 

COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF 

LE/ID. 

R Aq. distill^ra} urr?. vii. 

Liquoris Piuinbi xVcetatisg" xv. ad g^^xxx. 
Miscc. 

The strength of thin application must be modified 
according to the irrilabiiiiy of the inflamed eye. It 
forms a veVy commor, and in general^ a very good cool- 
ing astringent collyriuin. 



CHIRURGICA. 6S 



COLLYRIUM PLUMBI ACETATIS. 

COtLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF 

LEAD. 

'BjL Aqua rosae unc. vj. 

Plumbi acetalis drach. ss. misce. 

This is a cooling and mild astringent application. 



COLLYRIUM ZINCI ACETATIS. 
COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF ZINC. 

52 Zinci acetatis drach. ss. 

Aquae dislillatae unc. xij. misce. 



COLLYRIUM ZINCI SULPHATIS. 
COLLY Rl UM OF SULPHATE OF ZINC. 

R Zinci sulphatis drach. ss. 
Aquae distillatae O. i* misce. 

These are very common and suitable applications 
to weak inflamed eyes, or where there exists a tendency 
to a praetcrnatural secretion of tears* We may form a 



M PHARMACOPOEIA 

substitute for the former coUyrium, by adding to the 
latter one thirty or forty drops of the liquor plumbi 
acetatis, suffering the sediment to subside, and strainii^g 
off the clear liquor. 



COLLYRIUM ZINC[ SULPHATIS CUM 

CAMPHOUA. 

COLLYRIUM OF SULPHATE OF ZINC 
WITH CJMPHQR. 

R Zinci saJphatis drach. ij. 
Spiritus camphorae drach. iij. 
Aquae distillata? fcrventis unc. iv. 
Aquae rosae unc. viii. 

Pour the boiling water upon the zinc and campho* 
rated spirit in a closed vessel, and when cold, strain 
through linen or fine tow 5 then add the rose water. 
This coUyrium is chiefly used with the same intention 
as the two preceding ones 5 it is, however, more stimu- 
lating, and better adapted for relieving the pain and 
weakness incident to the eyes of elderly people^ when 
depending on debility of the optic nerve*. 



CHlftURGlCA. » 



CONFECTIO CINCHONiE. 
CONFECTION OF CINCHONA. 

R Cinchonspulreris tmc. j. 
CoDsenrae rosae unc. ss. 
Syr. aurantii corticis q. 8. ut fiat confectio* 

The dose is a drachm^ three or four times a da/. 
This is a convenient^ and to some patients^ an agree- 
able mode of administering the cinchona. Either the 
Carbonate of Soda, or the Carbonate of Iron, in tba 
quantity of two or three drachms, or the diluted vltrio 
olic acid, in quantity sufficient to produce an agreeabla 
acidity, may be added to this confection, according as 
the indicatio medendi shall point out the utility of con* 
joining one or other of these articles. 



CONFECTIO SENNiE COMPOSITUM. 

COMPOUND CONFECTION OF 

SENNA. 

^ Coiifectionis Sennae unc. ij« 
Jalapae pulveris drach. ij. 
Potassae tartratis unc. ss. 
Syr. zingiberis q. s. ut fiat coniectia. 

, This is a very convenient and effectual remedy for 



66 PHARMACOPOEIA 

keeping the bowels in a free soluble state. The dose 
is a drachm once in the dajr^ or oftener. 



CONFECTIO SINAPEOS. 
MUSTARD CONFECTION. 

R Sinapis serainnro leviter contusorum unc. j, 
Confectionis auraotii unc. jss. vel q. s. 
Ut fiat confectio. 

The dose is two drachms^ three or four times in the 
day. This electuary, taken from the Pharmacopoeia of 
Guy*s Hospital, is as an agreeable a mode of exhibit- 
ing the mustard as any we are acquainted with. It is 
a warm stimulating, and slightly tonic, medicine; and 
one which we think might often be prescribed witb 
advantage for indolent strumous enlargements of the 
glands, and for recent, or chronic ulcers of a similar 
character. 

CONFECTIO SULPHURIS. 
CONFECTION OF SULPHUR. 

Be Sulphuris loti uDC. iss. 
Confectionis sennae unc* ij» 
Potassae nitratis drach. iij. 
Syr. aurantii q. s. ut fiat confectio. 

The dose is from one to two drachms, once or 
twice in the day, taken so as to keep the bowels in a free 



CHIRURGICAr 6;^ 

soluble state. In haemorrhoidal affections^ and previous 
to^ and consequent opon^ the operation of fistula in 
ano^ tbis electuary will be found to afford considerable 
benefit, by keeping up a proper action through the in- 
testinal canal, and by preventing any undue accumula- 
tion of feculant matter in the lower bowels. ' 

CONFECTIO TEREBINTHIN:^;. 
TURPENTINE CONFECTION. 

R Terebinthinae olei rectificati drach. j. 
Mellis depurati unc. ss. 
Misce. 

This electuary is often prescribed with advaiitage 
as a stimulating diuretic, in the quantity of a drachm 
ta two drachms, in cases of protracted gleets or semi' 
nal weaknesses 3 in continued pains of the lumbar re- 
gion, imitative of nephritic affections, and in sciatica, it 
is likewise often given as a warm diaphpretic medicine. 

DECOCTUM ANTHEMIDIS FLORUM. ri>> 

DECOCTUM ANTHEMIDIS NOBILIS.rJEj 

Valg. DECOCTUM CHAMCEMELI. 

DECOCTION OF CHAMOMILE 

FLOWERS. 

It Charooemeli fiorum unc j. 
Carui seminum unc. ss. 
^ Aquae distillate O. r. 

ji? Boil for fifteen minutes and strain* 



«e PHARMACOPOEIA 

DECOCTUM GHAMCEMELI, 
Or, DECOCTUM PRO ENEMATE. (Dub). 

DECOCTION OF CHAMOMILE 
FLOWERS, OR DECOCTION FOR 

CLYSTERS. 

R Chamoemeli florum unc. ss. 

Focniculi dulcis seminiiin drach. 9. 
Aquae distill^ts Oj. 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. 



Or, DECOCTUM PRO FOMENTO. 
DECOCTION FOR FOMENTATIONS. 

^ Abrotoni exsiccati. 

Abirinthii maritimi exsiccati. 
Anthemidis florum singul. unc. j^ 
Lauri foliorum unc. ss. 
Aquae distillatae O. vj. 

Boil a little time, and strain. 

These decoctions may be used indiscriminately for 
fomentations -, being sufficiently simple to be bad re- 
course to where such applications are preferred. The 
two former are said to be emollient and discutient ; and 
the last one, which was one of the formula of the 
late London Pharmacopceia, and which we hitve re- 



CHIRURGICA. 6g 

taincd under its primitive title, possesses anodyne and 
gently stimulating properties. 



DECOCTUM DULCAMARA. 

DECOCTION OF DULCAMARA 
OR BITTER-SWEET. 

R Dulcamarae stipitum exsiccatorum unc. ss. 
Aquae fervcniis Q. j. 

Boil the twigs of the Dulcamara^ or Bitter- sweety 
in the boiling water, for a quarter of an hour, and 
strain. 

This decoction is greatly recommended by some 
practitioners as an efficacious remedy against cutaneous 
affections, whether arising from scrofula, lepra, or 
lues ; also, in very many anomalous cases proceeding 
from one or other of these causes : but it is by no 
means equal to the commendations which have been 
bestowed upon it. In one or two cases I have seen 
it highly serviceable, and that after other remedies 
had proved ineffectual. The dose is from one to two 
ounces, mixed with ao equal portion of milk, three or 
four tuaes in the day. 



ro PHARMACOPOEIA 

DECOCTUM GUAIACI. 
DECOCTION OF GUAIACUM WOOD. 

R Guaiaci llgni rasi unc. ir. 

Glycyrrhizx radicis coDtusae udc. j, 
Coriandri semlnuro coDtusoruni unc. ss. 
Aquae distillatae O. viij* 

Boil the guaiacum raspings in the water till the fluid 
is reduced to one half^ and towards the end of the boil- 
ing, add the liquorice root and coriander seeds. The 
dose is from four, to six or eight ounces, three or four 
times in the day. This decoction is a stimulating, dia- 
phoretic medicine 3 acting in some cases very powerfully 
both upon the kidnies and skin ; and generally proving 
serviceable in cutaneous affections depending on a 
debilitated, or atonic, state of the secerning vessels 
of the surface. In indolent strumous abscesses, 
where the discharge is gleety, and the aspect of the 
wound livid or unhealthy, the decoction of guatacam 
is not unfrequently one of the best means we can 
employ for meliorating the discharge, and inducing an 
healthy action in the granulating process. It has been 
greatly recommended in syphilis, for restoring the 
strengtli and vigour, when the system has heen much 
reduced from mercury and confinement; as also for 
removing a thickened state of the ligaments and peri- 
osteum; and. for curing foul indolent ulcers, whether 
resulting from scrofula or lues, particularly in the lat- 



CHIRURGICA. H 

ter case^ if a due course of mercury have beea persisted 
in for a proper length of time. 



DECOCTUM HORDEr. (L.) 

DECOCTION OF BARLEY. Barley 

Water. 

Be Hordei seminnm unc. ij. 
Aquae distillatae O. ivss. 

Wash off the meally matter adhering to the barley 
with cold water 3 and extract the colouring matter by 
boiling it a little in half a pint of water. Throw this 
decoction away> and put the barley^ thus purified^ into 
four pints and a half of boiling water,, and boil to 
one half. ' 

Decoction of barley, taken freely for common 
drink, is a useful diluent in strangury, disury, and 
painful micturition, whether depending on irritability 
of tlie bladder, recent gonorrhaea, or tlie absorption of 
ttlitharides from an abraded surface. Its utility may 
often be further promoted by the addition of gum ara- 
bic, nitre, or crystals of tartar, in the proportion of 
half an ounce of the former; and a drachm of each of 
the latter, to each pint of the decoction. Sweetened 
with manna or sugar, as the state of the patient's bowels 
may require, with the addition of the nitre, it proves 
a very useflil diluent after the operation of lithotomy. 



\ 



ft PHARMACOPOEIA 

DECOCTUM MALViE COMPOSITUM. 

COMPOUND DECOCTION OF 
THE MALLOW. 

R Malvee exsiccatae iinc. j. 
Anthemidis florum exsiccatoratn unc. ss. 
Aquae distillatae; Oj. 

Boil for fifieen minutes and itraia. See remarks 
under Decoctum Pro Fomcnto. 



DECOCTUM MEZi'REl. 
DECOCTION OF MEZEREON. 

R M<3zerei cortids radicis recentts dracb. ij. 
Radicis glycyrrhizae contusae unc. j. 
Aquae distillatfle O, iij. 

Boll the mezereon in the water till the liquid is re»> 
daced to two pints^ and towards the end of the boiling 
add the liquorice root. 

The dose of the Mezereon Decoction is from four 
to eight ounces^ three or four times a day. It has been 
much recommended as an antiveneral remedy^ espe- 
cially for curing membranous nodcs> and affections of the 
bones J and for alleviating nocturnal or continued pains 
accompanying such afiections ; but y^o believe^ it in ge? 



. CHIRURGICA. 7$ 

neral falls short of such efficacy, and like many others 
of the same class^ possesses very little^ if any, aotisyphi- 
iitic powers, and often e&cites nausea and inconvenience 
in tbte primae viae. 



DECOCTUM QUERCUS CORTICIS. 

R Quercus corticis contusi unc. ij. 
Aquae distillatae O. iij. 

Boil to two pints and stitiin. This is a good astrin- 
gent injection for gleety discharges from the vagina 
continuing after the exhibition of mercury; as likewise 
for prolapsus ani. It may be further improved by the 
addition of a drachm, or two dracHms, of powdered alum 
mixed with each pint of the decoction. 



DECOCTUM SARSAPARILLJE. (L.) 
DECOCTION OF SARSAPARILLA. 

& Sarsaparillae radicis incisae uncviij. 
Aquae dlstillatae O. viij. 

These are directed by the college to be macerated 
io a gentle heat for four hours ; after which the sarsa* 
parilla is to be taken out and bruised^ and macerated 
for two hours longer. It is then to be boiled to two 
qaarts^ and the liquor is to be strained. 



7A PHARMACOPOEIA 

BECOCTUM SARSAPARILLiE COM- 
POSITUM. (L.) 

COMPOUND DECOCTION OF 
SARSAPARILLA. 

R Dccocti sarsaparillae ferveutis O. iv. 
Guaiaci ligni rasi^ 
Sassafras radicis consisae, 
Glycyrrhizs radicis conlus^e sing, unc.^, 
Mezerei radicis corticis drach. iij« 

. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. The mezereoa 
should be added towards the end of the boiling. 

The dose of these decoctions is from four to eight 
ounces, three or four times in the day. Both have 
been much extolled for venereal nodes, ulcers, and 
nocturnal pains; but we cannot, with some practi- 
tioners, concede to tkem the celebrity they have ob- 
tained. The former, combined with an equal portion 
of milk, is not unfrequently useful for restoring the 
constitutioa after a long continued course of mercury ; 
as also when exhibited alone, for relieving the dyspeptic 
symptoms supervening upon the same cause. Piobably 
the sarsaparilla powder, given in milk, in doses of one 
or two drachms, three or four times a day, is equal if 
not superior to either of them. 



CHIRURGICA. 7« 

DliCOCTUM VERATRI ALBI. (L.) 

DECOCTION OF WHITE 
HELLEBORE. 

• 

R Veratri radicis contritae unc j. 
Aquae distillatae Oij. 
Spiritus rectificati unc. ij. 

Tbe hellebore powder is to be boiled ia the water 
till only one half of the fluid remain j to which, 
when cold, add the rectified spirit. This decoction 
is principally of use for curing psora : itis, bowev^^ 
less effectual than the unguent, but more elegant and 
cleanly. 

DECOCTUM ULML (L.) 
DECOCTION OF ELM BARK. 

Be Ulmi coFticis recentis contusi unc. iv. 
Aquae distillatae O. iv. 

Boil to a quart. The dose is from four to eight 
•ounces, three or four times a day. The decoction of 
elm bark has occasionally been of service in cutaneoui 
affections of the herpetic kind ; as likewise for assisting 
the action of mercury in affections of a similar character^ 
when depending on a syphilitic taint. 



%2 



79 PHARMACOPOEIA 

EMBROCATIO ACIDI ACETICI SPI- 

RITUOSA. 

SPIRITUOUS EMBROCJTION 
OF FINEGJR. 

Rr Acidi Acetici O. j. 
Spiritus tenuioris O. m. 
MUce. 

This is a stimulating astringent application; it is 
often of great use in spreading phlegmonic inflam- 
mations of the skin ; in incipient scirrhi ; in faeroia 
humoralis, after topical bleeding ; in bruises and ec^ 
chjmosis; and as a lotion to some species of old 
offensive ulcers. With the addition of two drachms of 
powdered alum it lias been much extolled as an effec- 
tual remedy to recent chilblains. The mode of applying 
it is by covering the part or parts affected with cloths 
dipped in the embrocation^ and keeping them pretty 
constantly moist. 



CHIRURGICA. 77 

EMBROCATIO ACIDI ACETICI SPI- 

RITUOSA CUM CAMPHORA- 

SPIRITVOUS EMBROCATION OF 

VINEGAR WITH CAMPHOR. 

R Acidi O ij. 
Spiritus rectificati O. iij. >y 

Aquae distillatae O. j. ' 

Camphorae unc. iij. 

Dissolve the Camphor in the Spirit of Wine, 
and add the vinegar and water, previously mixed. 
This forms a good embrocation for painful rheumatic 
swelling of the joints. It is likewise a very beneficial 
stimulaal for relieving sprains and bruises ; also for ex- 
citing the absorbents in cases of extravasation of blood 
from local injuries, particularly after the symptoms of 
high excitement have been removed by topical or ge- 
neral bleeding and by other suitable means. 

EMBROCATIO AMMONIiE. 
EMBROCATION OF AMMONIA. 

^ Liquoris ammoniac unc. j. 

Spiritus aetheris sulphurici unc. ss. 
Spiritus lavandulae compositi unc. ij. 

This embrocation is often very efficacious as a sti- 
malant and rubil&cient, for relieving painful aflfectlont 



78 PHARMACOPOEIA 

of the face and other parts ; as likewise for remoring 
thickenings and enlargements of the joints^ consequent 
upon gouty and other inflammations. 



EMBROCATfO AMMONIiE ACETATIS. 

EMBROCATION OF ACETATE OF 

AMMONIA. 






R Ammonias praeparatse unc. ir. 
Acidi acetici O. viss, vel. q. 8. ad satura- 
/ ""^ tionera. 

'''^ Spiritus teniiioris O. iij. 



Mix the ammonia with the vinegar^ and after the 
effervescence ceases, add the spirit. 

This embrocation, the Embrocatio Communis of 
the Pharmacopoeia of Guy's Hospital, is in common 
use for the relief of sprains and bruises, and as a 
general application to injured parts where the skin re- 
mains entire. Mixed with linseed meal^ and applied 
warm, in the form of a cataplasm (renewing it ence or 
twice in the day), it is often of great utility in slow 
chronic inflammations of the joints $ as likewise in 
incipient diseases of the hip. joint; more particularly if 
conjoined with local blood-letting. 




CHIRURGICA. 7j 

EMBROCATIO OPII COMPOSITA. 

COMPOUND EMBROCATION OF 

OPIUM. 

R Tincturae opii 

Spiritus aetherb sulpburici fcing. unc. ij. 

Spiritus camphorae unc. ij. 

Misce. 

This embrocation is used wtth the same intentiont 
as the Embrocalio Ammoniac and Embrocatio Saponis 
cum camphor^. 

In some painful aflfections of the muscles^ it some- 
times acts as an immediate specific^ in odontalgia^ it 
will often give instant ease; in sciatica^ it isfreon^^y 
of great beorfit; 2Rd in dsep seated pain in the neigh* 
bourhood of the ear, it generally relieves sooner than 
any other application. 

EMROCATIO SAPONIS CUM 

AMMOiXIA. 

EMBROCATION OF SOAP WITIf 

AMMONIA. 

R Saponis duri albi unc. \y, 
Campborae unc. v^ 
Spiritus rectificati O. iv. 
Liquoris ammoniae O. j. 

Digest the soap in the spirit of wine and liquor of 



80 PHARMACOPOEIA 

ammonia^ previously mixed> till it is perfectly dissolved; 
then add the camphor. This embrocation^ selected 
from the valuable formulae of Guy*s Hospital^ is a 
useful and elegant e&tenial stimulant. 



EMBROCATIO SAPONIS CUM 
CAMPHORA. 

EMBROCATION OF SOAP WITH 

CAMPHOR. 

R Linimenti saponis unc. ij. 
. jf Spiritus camphorse unc. j. 

>*5^ Glei origaui drach. ij. 






Tincture opli unc. ss, 
Misce. 



This embrocation is similar to the celebrated ano- 
dyne liniment of Bates. It is one which the author has 
repeatedly seen prescribed with considerable benefit to 
the patient, in painful rheumatic swelling of the joints; 
in arthritic pains; in sciatica, lumbago, and chronic 
rheumatism. It is often an immediate remedy to the 
tooth-ache, when proceeding from a caries of the toothy 
if lint be dipped in the embrocation and placed in the 
decayed part. 



CHIRURGiCA. 81 



EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI. 
PLASTER OF AMMONIJCUAl. 

fie Ammoniac! gummi resinae pulveris unc. ij. 
Aceti scillse q. s. 

It will be requisite that the vinegar of squills and 
ammoniacum be intimately incorporated by beating 
them together in a marble or Wedge wood s mortar. 

This plaster possesses very considerable stimulating 
powers; generally exciting the skin so much^ where it 
is applied; as to occasion a considerable degree of redness^ 
and not unfrequently innumerable papillary vesications^ 



EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM 
HYDRARGYRO. 

PLASTER OF AMMONIACUM WITH 

QUICKSILVER. 

^ Ammoniaci purificati lib. ss. 
Hydrargyri purificati unc. iij. 
Olei sulphurati dracb. j. vel q. si 

The quicksilver is to be triturated with the sul- 
phurated oil till the globules perfectly disappear; the 
strained ammeniacum is then to be added, being pre- 
Ticosly liquefied ; and the whole is to be well blended 
together so as to form a plaster. 

x5 



is PHARMACOPOEIA 

The intention of combining the ammoniacurb with 
the quicksih'er^ is that of increasing its stimulating and 
discutient properties ; at the same time that it forms a 
plaster very powerfully adhesive. It is much used for 
dispersing venereal nodes and tophi; for removing 
thickenings of the ligaments and enlargements and in- 
durations of the periosteum, remaining after a course 
of mercury ; and as a continued application to indu- 
V rated scrofulous glands^ in order to produce a resolution 
of their substance^ by keeping up.a uniform stimulus 
upon their vessels. For the above intentions it is su- 
perior to the Emplastrum Hydra rgyri, yet too fre- 
quently insufficient for the purposes «for which it is 
designed. 



EMPLASTRUM AMMONIA MURIATIS. 

PLASTER OF MURIATE OF 
AMMONIA. 

Jk Ammonia; muriatis unc. ss. 
Saponis unc. j 
£mpla8tri plumbi unc. ij. 

The lead plaster and soap being liquefied together, 
the muriate of ammonia, previously powdered, is to 
be added. This plaster should be applied immediately 
after it is formed, to thepart which it is intended to cover, 
otherwise the intention is lost; for, the alkali in tbts 
soap entering into combinaUon with the muriatic 



CHIRURGICA. 03 

of the muriate of ammonia^ forms thereby muriate of 
potash or soda^ and ammoniacal gas (on which the 
virtue of the plaster depends) is slowly but abundantly 
liberated^ acting as a powerful stimulant and rubifa- 
cient. It should be renewed once every four and 
X^ euty hours. 

EMPLASTRUM CERiE. (L.J 
WAX PLASTER. 

R Cerae flavae. 
Sevi preparati sing. lib. iij. 
ilesinae flavae lib. j. 

Melt these together^ and strain while the mixture 
is fluid. 

This plaster, the emplastrum attrahens of fbrm^ 
dispensatories^ is chiefly used to keep up a discharge 
from a part which has been blistered^ and hence ill 
former name. What Dr. Duncan observes upon this 
head, however, we think very pertinent and proper j 
*' that this plaster irritates too much> on account of the 
resin y and hence, when designed only for dressing 
blisters^ the resin ought to be eiltirely omitted, unless 
where a continuance of pain and irritation, excited by 
the vesicatory, is intended." That *' all plasters are im- 
proper dressings for blisters; their consistence making 
them sit uneasy^ and their adhesiveness rendering the 
taking them off painful :" and that ** cerates, which arc 
softer and less adhesive^ appear much aiore eligible*'* 






M PHARMACOPOEIA 

m 

EMPLASTRUM CUMINI. (L.) 
CUMMIN PLASTER. 

R CumiDi seminutn. 
Carut seminum. 
Lauri baccarum sing. unc. iij. 
Picis aridae lib. iij. 
Cerae flavae une. iij. 

The three former ingredients, in a state of fine 
powder^ are to be added to the pitch and wax, pre- 
viously melted together, and the whole is to be well 
mixed. This is a warm stimulating plaster : I have in 
some few cases lately added to it the antimonium tartari- 
latum, in the proportion of a drachm to an ounce of 
the plaster, and find the effect produced similar to what 
it occasioned by the liniment of antimony, but in a 
superior degree. 

EMPLASTRUM CUMINI CUM OPIO. 
CUMMIN PLASTER WITH OPIUM. 

R Emplastri plumbi lib. j. 
Emplastri cumini lib. sa^ 
Camphorae (pauxillo alcoholis in 

Pulverem tritae) unc ij. 
Opii pulveris unc. j. 

To the melted lead and cummin plasler, add the 
camphor and opium. 



CHIRUR6ICA. » 

We must confess we do not place so much reliance 
on the utility of opium in the composition of plasters 
as is generally done. The above formula, however, 
appears as good as any which we have seen, where 
this intention is held in view. See Emplastrum Opii. 



EMPLASTRUM EUPHORBII. 
EUPHORBIUM PLASTER. 

R Emplastri picis compositi unc. iv. 
£uphorbii pulverizati drach. ss. 

The rompound pitch plaster being melted, the 
euphorbium, in fine powder, is to be added, and the 
mixture kept stirring till nearly cold. This plaster is a 
powerful stimulant and rubifacient, and is muchrecom* 
mended by some surgeons in chronic affections of the 
knee and hip joints, and for removing deep-seated 
indolent pains. 

In scrofulous affections of the knee and hip,, con* 
stituting what is called hip disease and spina ventosa,^ 
think much good is to be effected, particularly in the 
early stag;;, by either the £mp. Cumini or £mp. £u- 
phorbii with the addition of the tartarised antimony. 



•4 PHARMACOPOEIA 

EMPLASTRUM GALBANII COM- 
POSITUM. (L.) 

COMPOUND GALBJNUM PLASTER. 

R Galbnni gummi-resinae purificatae udc. viil. 
Empl^tri plumbi lib. iij. 
Terebinthinae vulgaris drach. x. 
Abietis resinse coiitritae unc. iij. 

To the galbanum and turpentine, melted together, 
add the powdered frankincense ; and, lastly, the lead 
platter in a state of liquifaction. 

The practice of applying this plaster, which pos- 
sesses a stimulating or heating power, derived from the 
gums and resin, to hasten suppuration in boils and 
small imposthumes, is at present much neglected for the 
nulder, safer, and more proper one, of prescribing emol- 
lient and discutient cataplasms. The compound gal- 
lanum plaster is, however, nol without its merit in 
other cases, whero these cataplasms might be very in- 
.^kdtcious. In indolent glandular enlargements of a 
strumous character, in fixed and long continued pains 
in the neighbourhood of the joints, or in anomalous 
or arthritic pains of the ligaiHents, by covering^ the part 
or parts so affected with this plaster, and renewing it 
every eight or ten days, we shall often afford consider- 
able benefit. It would appear, from some cases which 
have fallen under my observation, to be a good remedy 
. applied over the whole lumbar region of children, ixi 



CHIRURGICA. •; 

rickety affections accompanied with great weakness in 
the lowei: extremities -, likewise as a covering to their 
enlarged joints ; bat this, more properly^ falls under 
the prorince of the physician. 



EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. (L.) 
MERCURIAL PLASTER. 

R Emplastri plumbi lib. j. 
Hydrargyri purificati unc. iij. 
Olei sblphurati drach. j. 

This plaster is made in a way similar to the em-> 
plastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro* It is> however^ 
9 wery inferior application. 

EMPLASTRUM LYTTjE. 

PLASTER OF CANTIIARIDES, OR 
BLISTERIISG PLASTER. 

R Lyttarum in pulverem subtilissimnm 
tritanim lib. j. 
Emplastri cerse lib. iss. 
Adipis praeparatae lib. i. 

The wax plaster and prepared lard being melted 
together, and suffered to become nearly cold, the can- 
tharides, in ^ state of fine powder, are to be sprinkled 
in^ and the whole mass well blended together. 

It may not be improper to observe^ that the •ra^ 



M PHARMACOPOEIA 

plastrum lyttac very frequently foils in producing vesi- 
cation^ the specific object for which it is prescribed j 
this failure is too often attributable to some inatten- 
tion or want of caution on the part of the person who 
prepares it for immediate application^ or to some degree 
of awkwardness on the part of the nurse. In spreading 
this plaster upon strong linen or leather, the spatula 
should never be heated beyond the degree of boiling 
waterj and in general a much lower degree of heat 
will be sufficient 3 the plaster should likewise be spread 
sufficiently thick ; and in order further to insure its 
success, it will be proper either to dip the plaster 
previously in vinegar> or to wash the part, to which it 
is to be applied, with the same, or to cover it for an 
hour with a common poultice. This plaster too should 
be properly secured, but should never be bound on 
too tight. 

In some surgical cases, where blisters are called 
for, as in cases of spina ventosa, in diseases of the hip, 
in some glandular tumors, in thickenings of the liga- 
ments, and in enlarged bursae, two different modes of 
using them have been adopted, and it is still a question 
which is to be preferred, that of keeping up a discharge 
from the vesicated part, by some suitable means, or of 
renewing the vesication at short intervals by repeated 
blisters, and sufiering the part thus acted upon to heal 
as soon as possible, after 'the blister is removed, by 
covering it with some mild unctuous substance. lo 
the more obstinate cases which have come under my 
^0baervation, it would appear that the latter mode was 



CHIRURGICA. 4» 

preferable^ as being more effectual and less trouble- 
some to the patient. By the repeated application of 
blisters^ the influence excited appears to extend much 
deeper, so as to derive a greater quantity of blood from 
the immediate neighbourhood of the vessels, or from 
the vessels themselves which are in a state of disease^ 
than the influence excited by an application less sti- 
mulating, upon the surface of a part already abraded. 
The character of the discharge would likewise appear 
essentially different $ In the latter case being a purulent 
secretion from the superficial exhalents of the surface 
only; in the other a copious effusion of serum, mixed 
with a large portion of lymph, produced from a deeper 
order of vessels. Whether, however, the more bene- 
ficial consequences resulting from the repeated appli- 
cation of blisters, be owing to the causes here assigned, *" 
or be depending upon some other which I do not under- 
stand, still the preference will equally hold good, pro- 
vided the noajority of cases be favourable to the prac» 
ticcj which, from what I have seen, as well from my 
own experience as from the very extended practice of 
others which I have had an opportunity of observing, 
I think I can most unequivocally assert. 

During the action of the £rop. Lyttae, and for some 
hours after its removal, the ffptient should uniformly 
diink freely of the decoct, hordei, with the addition oC 
the gum arable (acaciae gummi). 



^ 



90 PHARMACOPOEIA 

JttMPLASTRUM OPII. (L-) 
PLASTER OF OPIUM. 

Br Opii duri contriii unc. 88. 
Abietis resinae contritae unc i\j. 
£mpla8tii plutnbi lib. j. 

To the melted plaster add the melted frankincense 
and opium> and well mix. 

Inutile former edition of this Pharmacopoeia we gave 
a formula, Emplastrum Opiatum^ very similar to the 
above; this we have retained under the head of Emp. 
Cumini cum Opio> in order to give place to the £mpr 
Opii of the College 



:e. 



EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. 
PLASTER OF THEOXYDE OF LEAD. 

R Plumbi oxydi semivitrei in pulverem sub- 
tilissimum triti lib. v. 
Olei olivae cong. j. 
Aquae O. ij. 

These are to be boiled togetlier over a gentle fira^ 
till the oH and litharge are well incorporated. DnHflg 
the boiling, it will be necessary to k^p the mixtari 
constantly stirring with a long wooden spatula, and to 
add, occasionally, a little boiling water, to supply the 
place of that which evaporates, and to preyent the mix« 



CHIRURGICA. fl 

tore from burning and growing black. Notwithstanding 
tbe water which is added be boiling, the compoution 
is veiy apt to explode^ and to be thrown ab«ut with 
violence 3 as such it should be removed from the fire 
before each addition of the water. 

This plaster forms the basis for several others. It 
is of great use for covering some slight excoriations of 
the skia, and for retaining the edges of fresh cut wound* 
in a state of apposition. 



EMPLASTRUM RESINiE. (L.) 
RESIN PLASTER. 

R Emplastri plumbi lib. iij. 
Resinas flav« unc vi. 

To the melted lead plaster add the resin^ previoosljr 
pulverized. 

The quantity of resin to be employed in the com* 
position of this plaster^ raust^ in some degree^ depend 
on the temperature of the atmosphere. 

This plaster is the common strapping, as it it 
called^ of the different hospitals, the utility of which is 
now very generally known. For a particular account 
W its superior excellence in promoting the qure of old 
ulcersj by producing an approximation of their sides^ 
and by giving a due and necessary degree of support to 
the new vessels constituting the granulations, see Bayn* 
tun^ on treating old ulcers, publiiihed atRri^tolj ITQQi 



p3 PHABMACOPOEIA 

a book which every surgeon ought to Have in his pot- 
session. 



EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. (L.) 
SOAP PLASTER. 

^ Saponis lib. ss. 

Emplastri litbargjri lib. iij. 

Melt the plaster^ and add the soap^ previoosly cat 
into thin slices, 

Thb plaster is said to be a mild discutient appli* 
cation. 



ENEMA AMYLI CUM OPIO. 

INJECTION OF STARCH WITH 

OPIUM. 

ft Ameli drach. j. ad ij. 
Aquae frigid ae unc. ij. 
Aquae ferventis unc. iv. ad vj. 
Opii pulveris g' ij. ad g*" iv. 

Rub the powdered opium and starch together tiH 
they are minutely divided; then add^ by degrees^ thi 
cold water, and lastly the boiling water. 

The starch renders the retention of the injection 
more certain, by which means the full action of the 
opium is better secured. 



CHIRUR6ICA. g% 

This enema is often of considerable service in re- 
lieving painful affections of tberectum^ whether arising 
firom a stricture or cancer of this part, from fistula in 
ano, or from haemorrhoids. It will very generally re- 
lieve suppression of urine, depending on spasmodic 
stricture of the urethra; or indeed take off any preter- 
natural spasm about the neck of the bladder. It is of 
great utility for relieving the strangury that takes 
place during the active stage of gonorrhoea; as likewise 
for removing the distressing sensation of weight and 
tineasi ness in the regio pubis and in the perinaeum, 
|j» owing to the prostate gland and neck of the bladder 
being affected from the same cause. 

ENEMA CINCHONiE, 
INJECTION OF CINCHONA. 

R Cinchonas pulveris unc. j. 
Florum anthemidis drach. ij. 
Aquae distillatae O. j. 

Boil to ten ounces and strain, and add vini rubri 
unc. iij. This is an excellent tonic injection. It may 
be recommended in prolapsus recti ; in fistula in ano, 
where the discharge is profuse and the habit delicate ; 
and in some cases, as a general tonic, where the bark 
cannot be adoiinistered in any other way. 




94 PHAAMACQFOEIA. 

ENEMA COMMUNE. 
COMMON INJECTION. 

R Decocti hordet O. j. ad ij. 
Olivae olei unc. ij. 
Magnesiae sulpbads unc. j. * 
Misce. 

Or, R Decocti hordei^ O. j. ad ij, 
Olivse olei unc. ij. ad lij. 
Misce. 

Or^ ^Decocti antbemidis floram unc. Yiij. 
ad xij. 
Fomeoti papaverit unc. xij. 
Misce. 

The former of these injections is well calculated 
for emptying the lower bowels, without stimulating 
them too forcibly. The two latter are frequently found 
to afford considerable relief in peritoneal inflammations, 
whether arising from any injury communicated to the 
abdomen, or taking place afler an operation, whereia 
the viscera of the abdonoen have been immediately or 
restively concerned. As in these cases> it is inteiuM 
the injection should act as a fomentation to tke part or 
parts already ia a state of inflammation, it will be rc^ 
quisite to administer it as slowly as possible, in order 
cot only to its being retained some time, but that the 
whole of the quantity, here prescribed, may be throws 



CHIRURGICA. 95 

^p. If the injection be administered very gradually, 
there will seldom be any re-action of tbe intestines to 
expel it immediately; and by being retained for some 
time^ it not only acts as a fomentation^ but generally 
brings away, when it is returned, any feculent matter 
M^hich amy be lying in the lower bowels. The pain^ 
tumefaction, and tenderness sometimes taking place 
over the whole of the abdomen, supervening upon 
lithotomy, and that even when the intestinal canal has 
been freely evacuated, would seem to depend, in cer- 
tain instances, upon the bowels becoming preternatu- 
rally distended with flatus* from losing as it were their 
proper tone and support > in cases of this kind the last 
of these formulae for clysters will be preferable, not 
only as possessing an anodyne property, but likewise 
us being well adapted for communicating a gentle 
ilegree of tone to the relaxed intestines. thcFeby ro^ 
Heving those unpleasant symptoms which might other* 
wise end in peritoneal inflammation, or induce so much 
weakness as to destroy the patient. It should be par- 
ticularly reccollected, that when prescribed in such 
cases, it be not only administered very slowly, as hat 
•already been directed, but that it be repeated once or 
twice every twenty-four hours, till the violence of the 
symptoms be removed. 

When the decoct, hordei is used for injections.' It 
should be much thinner than as directed in the common 
formula; if diluted with an equal portion of boiliog 
wateo itamwers very well. 



06 PHARMACOPEIA 

ENEMA COLOCYNTHIDIS. 

INJECTION OF COLOCTNTH OR 
BITTER APPLE. 

Be Colocynthidis medullae minutio) rndsm, 
drach. j. 
Aquae ferventis ^nc« x. 
Sodae muriatis 
Syrupus spinae cervinae sing. unc. u. 

Boil the colocynth in the water for ten or fifteen 
minutes^ and strain ; to the strained liquor add the 
muriate of soda and syrup of buckthorn. 

This is a good stimulating purgative clyster, and 
generally effectual for evacuating the lower bowels: 
it will often be of considerable efficacy, if administered 
in coma, stupor, and other affections of the brain oc- 
curring from local injuries. 

ENEMA GALL/E. 
INJECTION OF THE GJLL-NUT. 

R Gallae pulveris unc. j. 
Aquae distillatae O. iss. 

Boil to a pint and strain. 

This injection, if exhibited once or twice a day, 
will very frequently be found to afford considerable re- 
lief in loQie affections of the rectum where there existi 



CHIRURGICA. 97 

a frequent tendency to prolapsus ani connected with an 
increased secretion of mucos^ or accompanied with 
great pain 3 in the bleeding piles, as they are called, 
it is often rery proper : In some cases the addition 
of two or three grains of powdered opium >yin give 
increased effect to this injection. 

ENEMA OPIL 
OPIATE INJECTION. 

R Infusilini unc. viij. 
Tinct. opii drach. j. ad ij« 
Misce. 

Or, R Infusi lini unc. viij. 

Opii pulveris g'^ ij, ad iij. ' 

Let the powdered opium be first well mixed with 
a small portion of the linseed infusion, then add the 
remainder. Either of these injections noay be used 
where ojuum is indicated as a clyster— See Enenui 
Amyli cum Opio. 

ENEMA RIC1;N| OLEI. 
INJECTION OF CASTOR OIL. 



i 



R Ricini olei 
Mellis, singnlorum unc. j. 
Infusi lini unc. x. 

Sub the castor oil with the honey till they are in- 



gs^ PHARMACOPOEIA 

timately unite d, and gradually add the linseed infusion. 
Where an injection is intended to act quickly as an 
evacuant of the lower bowels, this of castor oil will be 
founds in general, safe and effectual. 



ENEMA TABACI. 
INJECTION OF TOBACCO LEAF. 

R Tabaci foHorum scrup. ij. 
Aquae ferventis unc. xij. 

Macerate till cold, and strain. 

The specific intention of the tobacco clyster is, to 
relieve constipation of a peculiar kind : such as arises 
from a portion of intestine being confined or strangu- 
lated, in the disease called hernia, whereby ihe peristal- 
tic potion is interrupted or entirely stopped. For a full 
account of hernia, and its different varieties, see Mr. 
Cooper*8 publications on inguinal, femoral, and um- 
bilical hernia: also a treatise on the same subject by 
Mr. Lawrence. The modus operandi of the above in- 
jection, is supposed to be that of producing such a 
sedative effect upon the whole nervous power, that a 
degree of general rel«at ion takes place; the spastic 
state of the fibres constringing the intestine, is taken 
off, and the bowels restored to their proper action. But 
the effect of tobacco, administered in this way, is very 
variable, and in some eases so great as to endanger tho 
vital powers, or even to produce death. 



ClilRURGlCA. 99 

From tLis circumstance it would appear to be of 
the greatest moment to dttermine the relative degrees 
of power bet,ween the system and the remedy, previous 
to our employing it} or to know to what extent the 
powers of the remedy are likely to extend, compatible 
with the powers of life to resist it. This would seem 
only to be accomplish^^d by taking into full considera- 
tion the violence of the effects produced, whether by in- 
carceration or strangulation, determinable by the lengih 
of time u hi( h may ha\ e supervened after such an occur-^ 
rence. and by the precise nature of the hernia. The state. 
of the paii< ntas to how far heiscnpable ofbcaring furl her 
depression must likewise be well weighed, for we should 
consider that'the medicine may have great influence upon 
the result of the operation, if it be deemed necessary to 
be performed} for, the shock given to the nervous power 
by an injury inflicted upon the stomach and the bowels, 
is comparatively greater than what would take place 
from the same extent of injury communicated to any 
other part. This pathological fact is in some instances 
exemplified to a great degree, by nausea, vomiting, 
sudden and great prostration of strength taking place 
from an apparent ti ivial cause. Cold suddenly applied 
to the abdomen 3 a diminution of the ordinary qnan* 
tity of clothing; an attack of colic j or an irregular 
distention of an intestine from flatus will sometimes 
produce sudden and alarming effecLs. With facts of 
this kind before us, we ought to weigh well the pro- 
priety of ordering" the tobacco injection (which very 
probably is soon to be followed by one of the nicest 

f2 



100 PHAHMACOPOEIA 

and greatest operations in surgery)^ when the system 
is already much reduced hy the previous disease of 
hernia^ and esp«*xially if the intestine have been long 
confined. If there have been great and long con- 
tinued sickness and vomiticig^ if the tumour be ex- 
tremely tense and tender, the patient much exhausted, 
and all our attempts to reduce the rupture have felled^ 
in such cases the tobacco injection has never appeared to 
afford the least profits and such a remedy without profit 
-can seldom faU to produce mischief. If in endeavouring 
•to reduce hernia soon after the bowel may have become 
;confined^ we shoiild be unsuccessful, the tobacco injec- 
don maybe employed, and aflerhalfanhoura second en- 
deavour may be attempted; or half the injection may be 
thrown up, and after half an hour the remaining half; 
^fter which, the patient being placed in such a situation as 
to ^vour the particular relaxation of the parts connected 
with the disease, the reduction of theheinia may again 
he carefully tried. To affix any precise limit of time, 
iiowever, within wblch this meam to relieve incarce- 
rated or strangulated hernia should be had recourse to, 
might to a young surgeon be a most desirable acquisi- 
tion; but every man of experience knows the imprac* 
ticability of .such a law, and he is only guided by his 
former knowledge and practice. After twelve hoori 
suffering and pain, I would much rather prefer at- 
tempting the operation without the previous exbibitioa 
of the tobacco enema, than after it had been em* 
ployed; particularly in a weak or delicate person > in a 
Ipatient df advanced age; or in inhacyt 



CHIRURGICA. roi 

ENEMA TEREBINTHIN^. 
TURPENTINE INJECTION. 

R Terebinthinse unc. ss. 
Ovi unius vitellum^ 
Infusi lini unc. x. 

Rub the turpentine with the egg till they are per- 
fectly incorporated^ and add the linseed infusion. 

The turpentine injection has frequently been of 
service in violent attacks from a stone in the bladder f 
in suppression of mine from the same cause; and in 
painful micturition arising from irritability of the blad- 
der. It is one of the Formula of Guy's Hospital, 

EPITHEMA PLUMBI ACETATIS. 
EPrrilEM OF ACETATE OF LEAD. 

R Confectionis. rosa unc. j. 
Mellis rosae, 

Liquoris plumbi acetatis, 
Tincturae opii, singulorum drach. ij. 
Misce. 

This epithem is much in use at Guy's Hospital as 
a useful application to painful, irritable, venereal ul- 
cers : it will likewise be found very serviceable, if 
f^plied to chancres after the use of the lunar caustic or 
nitrate of uher, particularly when the sore appears 



102 PHARMACOPOEIA 

fretted and irritable. If the parts are disposed to slough, 
it should be abstained from/ See Uiig. Plumbi Ace- 
tatis cum Opio. 

, EPITHEMA TEREBlNTIIINiE CUM 

CAiVirHORA. 

TURPENTINE EPITIIEM WITH 

CAMPHOR. 

R Urgcenti resinae unc. iij. 

Camphors;, pauxillo spiritus rcctificali in 

pulverem tritae, unc. ss. 
Terebinlhinae olei recti ficati q. s. ut fiat 
epithema. 

This epttbem, spread upon leather, and renewed 
daily, is a good application for relieving some painful 
chronic affeotiors of the joints, whether of a rheumatic 
or arthritic nature ; it may likewise be employed in in- 
durations, and in enlargements of the ligaments arising 
from tlie same cause. 



FOMENTUM CHAMaiMELI. 
SeeDECOCrUM ANTHEM I DIS iNOIULlS. 

rOMENTUM CON IE 
CICUTJ nni^ENTATION. 

Poll half a pound of the fresh leaves of hemlock 



CHIRURGICA. ioi 

or three ounces of the dried herb, in a quart of water, 
for half an hour^ and-strain. See Cacaplasma Conii. 



FOMENTUM DIGITALIS. 
FOMENTATION OF THE FOX-GLOFE. 

Boil three ounces of the dried leaves of digitalis, 
or four ounces of the fresh plant, in two pints of water 
to one, and strain. See Cataplnsma Digitalis. 

The fomentations of hemjock and fox-glove may be 
used indiscriminately : it w ill also be proper to fomrijt 
the parts with them during the renewal of the poul- 
tices* With some surgeons they are recommended 
to be frequently applied, being used instead of the 
poultices. 

FOMENTUM GALLiE. 
FOMENTATION OF THE GALL-NUT. 

Vf, Gallae contu'^ae unc. ss. ^ 
Aquae fervenris O. ij. 

Macerate for one hour and strain. 

This fomentation is used for the same purposes as 
the Enema Gallae, being only a weaker preparation of 
the gall.. 



104 PHARMACOPOEIA 

FOMENTUM PAPAVERIS. 
FOMENTATION OF THE POPPY. 

Be Papaveris somniferi (capsulae et seminuiD) 

unc. ij. 
Aquae discillatse O, iij. 

Cut the capsule of the poppy into thin slices, and 
bruise both these and the seeds ; afterwards boil in the 
water to one pint and strain. The ,anodyne property 
of the poppy is contained in the capsule $ the seeds^ 
however^ contain a large portion of mucilage and oil, 
and as such are emollient, and may improve the f6» 
mentation. See Cataplasms Lini, and Collyrium Opii* 

GARGARISMA ACIDI MURIATICI. 
GARGLE OF MURIATIC ACID. 

R Acidl muriatici g" xx. 
Mcllis rosae unc, j. 
Decocti hordci ") 

vel > Unc. iv. Misce. 

Infusi lini 3 

The muriatic acid gargle is much used as a means 
of removing inflammation of the throat, more particu* 
larly such as is accompanied with ulceration. It is 
oftentimes of great benefit in apthous affections 5 but 
it should be recollected that, from its injurious effects 



CHIRURGICA. 105 

to the teeth, the mouth and faaces should be well 
-washed with either barley water, or water lukewarm, 
both before and after using it. 



GARGARISMA JERUGIMS. 
GARGLE OF VERDIGRIS. ' ' ^ 

R Liniroenti seruginis drach. ij. 
Mellis ros% unc. j. 
Infusi lini unc. yj. 

This gargle has been recommended for deterging^ 
foul ulcers of the throat and tonsils } and for these pur- 
poses it is extensively employed. I would, however, 
in nowise recommend it to general use, as I do not 
think it quite free from danger. 



GARGARISIMA ALUMINIS, 
ALUM GARGLE. 

ft Aluminis drach. j. 
Decocti cinchooa: unc. xij. 
Mellis rosa& unc. issi 
Misce^ 

This IS a good astringent gargle, and in a relaxed 
state of the uvula and contiguous parts after a course of 
mercury, in bleedings and sponginess of the gums from. 
the tame cmt any other cause, and in efaroait or fre* 

p 5- 



/ 



106 PHARMACOPOEIA 

qaent inflammations of the tonsils, it will be found 
exceedingly proper and bene6cial. 

GARGARISMA LINI. 
LINSEED GARGLE. 

R Infusi lini unc. liv. 
Mellis rosae unc. ij. 
Acidi sulphurici diluti drach. iss. 
Misce. 

This is the common gargle of Guy's Hospital. 
In many cases where mild astringents are indicated^ it 
will be found to answer very well. 

GARGARISMA MYRRHS- 
MYRRH GARGLE. 

R Infusi rosae unc. viiss. 
Tinct. myrrhae unc. ss. Misce. 

Mildly astringent and detergent, 

GARGARISIMA POTASSiE NITRATIS. 
OARGLE OF NITRE, OR NITRATE 

OF POTASH. 

5^ Decocti hordei lib. j. 

Potassae nitratis drach. vj. "^^ 

Oxymellis unc. ij. Misce, 

This is the gargari»m^ refrigerens of some of the 



CHIRURGICA. 1D7 

older dispensatories. It is a mild, cooling application f 
and offfen more serviceable at the commencement of 
inflammatory affections of the tonsils and fauces, than 
those which contain any of the mineral acids as their 
most active judgment. 



GARGARISMA ROSiE. 
ROSE GARGLE. 

^ Infusi rosae unc. iv, / * 

Mellis rosae "I . '^ 

vcl >unc.j. Misce. 

Syrupus Mori J 

This is a simple and elegant gargle for commoD 
purposes. 

GARGARISMA SODiE BORACIS. 
GARGLE OF BORAX. 

R Sodae boracis drach. ij. | 

Aquae rosae unc. vij. . * 

Mellis rosae unc. j. Misce. 

The borax gargle is very much in use as a mild 
detergent in aphthous affections in children, and for • 
removing superficial inflammatory ulcetiations of the 
gums; especially if attended with a copious secretion of 
saliva. It occasionally may be rendered more plaasant> 



lOS PHARMACOPOEIA 

without any diminution of its effects, by sabstitoting 
the syrupus mori for the mel rosae^ or a thin mucilage 
of the quince seed for the rose water. 

Among the several formulae for gargles which we 
have collected and offered to general notice^ it will be 
•een that several of them possess the same properties j 
differing so slightly in degree as to subject us to the 
charge of unnecessary prolixity, where the intention is 
so simple and self-evident, that the same end might be 
accomplished by any one of them -, requiring only some 
general obser\'ation as to the necessity of occasionally 
increasing or diminishing the acidity or astringency of 
the gargle. By giving, however, several distinct for- 
mulae, the surgeon who has not had the advantages of 
extensive practice or experience, will be less- liable to 
incur the dissatisfaction of his patient, or to hazard hi* 
displeasure, by any unequal or improper strength of 
the medicine which he may prescribe. 



HAUSTUS AMMONITE ACETATIS. . 

DRAUGHT OF ACETATE OF 
AMMONIA. 

I^ Liquoris ammoniac acetatis. 
Aquae menthae singul. unc. j. 
Syrupus papavcris drach. j, 
Misce, 

T!be intention of this draught is to determine tb^ and 



CHIRURGICA. lO^ 

keep up action upon^ the skin^ so as to promote a gentle 
diaphoresis ; an object^ oftentimes, of the greatest mo- 
ment to the sm-geon, not only in cases where there 
exists a preternatural fulness^ or inflammatory diathe- 
sis in the vessels of a particular part^ as after a recent 
wound or injury 3 but likewise after some of the more 
important operations^ acting as a means of keeping 
under general inflammation, or preve];iting too great 
excitement of the sanguiferous system. It may be^ 
•xhibited every four or &ye hours. 



HAUSTUS MAGNESIiE SULPHATIS. 

DRAUGHT OF SULPHATE OF 
MAGNESIA. 

Be Magnesia sulphatis drach. iij. ad i^ 
Aquae mentb« unc. 1^. 
Tinct. jalapae drach. j. 
Acidi nitrici diluti g" xx. Misce. 

This is a good saline purge. The nitrous acid 
takes off the unpleasant bitterness of the sulphate 
«f magnesia. 



110 PHARMACOPOEIA 



HAUSTUS EMETICUS. 
EMETIC DRAUGHT. 

R Vini ipecacuanhae unc. j. 

Vini antimonii drach. ij. Mlsce. 

' Or, 52 Vini antimonii unc. ss. 

Aqua distillatae drach. vj. Misce. 

Or, R Antimonii tartarizati g*" iij. 

Aqux distUlatae ferventis unc. jss. Misce. 

Or, R Pulveris ipecacaanhx scrap, j. 
Aqux menlha?. 
Aquae purae aa. drach. vj. Misce. 

These draughts all possess preity. strong emetic 
properties, but any one of them may be safely eibibited 
when medicines of this class are called for. 



HAUSTUS RICINI OLEI. 
DRAUGHT OF CASTOR OIL. 

R Ricini olei unc. ss. 
Tincturae sennae unc. ss. 

This is a warm soluble draught, operating with 
little or no inconvenience: in nephritic affections; dar- 
ing th.' cure cfct picture by caustic; and in most affec- 
tions of the bladder, it is very serviceable; as it relieves 



CHIRURGICA. Ill 

the lower bowels without much pain or inconvenience 
to the patient. When the tincture is objectionable, the 
oleum ricini may be mixed into a draught with a 
little of the yolk of egg, or with honey. 



HAUSTUS TI'REBINTHlNiE. 
TURPENTINE DRJGHT. 

H( Terebinthinae chiae, vitello ovi solutx^ 
scrup. j. ad drach. ss. 
Aquae cii^namoni^ 
Aquae dbtillittae sing, drach. vj. 
Misce. 

In irritability of the bladder, unaccompanied with 
inflammation 5 in gonorrhoea after the active stage is 
removed ; and in painful chronic affections in the re- 
gion of the>kidnies, the turpentine draught exhibited 
twice or three times a day, will very often afford con- 
siderable benefit. 



HIRUDO. 
THE LEECH. 

The freedom with which topical blood-letting is 
now employed, may safely be enunaerated among the 
modern improvements of surgery ^ and in many cases 
one of the most effectual and least objectionable me* 
thodt is^ by means of the leech. These animals^ how* 



112 PHARMACOPOEIA 

ever, are become so extravagantly dear, either from the 
exactions of those people who employ themselres in 
gathering them, or by the monopoly of some of our drug 
merchants, that the paiient is very frequently under 
the necessity of enduring his pain and sufferings, from 
an utter impossibility to procure what his surgeon hat 
prescribed. To remedy this evil, every surgeon ought, 
so far as he has the means in liis power, to procure a 
quantity of leeches at the time the leech -catchers gather 
them, when they are in general much cheaper; or 
indeed, with a little care and trouble he might breed 
a sufficient number every year to answer all bis purpo- 
ses. In order to breed them, a large stone reservonr or 
wooden cistern nearly filled with soft water, and pro- 
vided with a shelving, covered with moss and sods» 
should be placed in such a situation that nearly iht 
whole of it is exposed to the rays of the sun ; the bot- 
tom should be furnished with a cock, with a strainer 
answering to it in the inside, to allow the water^ whicb^ 
should always be brook or river water, to be occa"- 
sionally drawn off-, but this should not be done more 
than once in three weeks or twice a month in winter, 
and once a week in summer. If a little muddy water 
is first poured into the reservoir or cistern, the leecher 
will, in general, thrive better. The greater number of 
the full sized leeches after the breeding season, vhich 
IS during the latter summer months, should be remoreA' 
into large open mouthed bottles, which should occarion* 
ally be exposed, or half exposed, to the sun ; takinf 
care that they are never more than half Ml of wa- 



CHIRURGICA. 113 

ter> as the leeches are extremely fond of creeping 
up the dry part of the bottle in order to drain them- 
selves : during the cold weather the cistern or reser- 
voir should be surrounded with warm manure. The 
young leeches are some years before they arrive at full 
growth, during which time they should not be re* 
moved fiom tlie cistern. 

When a leech is to be applied, it should be re- 
moved from the water some short time previously, and 
placed on a dry towel or napkin ; by this method it 
"will generally fix its hold the moment it is applied to 
the skin. Some surgeons direct them to be placed in 
glasses, to be inverted over the part from whence the 
leeches are intended to draw blood: a piece of writing 
paper folded into a conical shape, and cut smooth at 
the open end, is neater and answers equally well. 
The part or parts to which they are to be applied^ 
should }ye first well sponged with warm water and 
•oap, and carefully dried. If the leeches will not 
fix, the parts may be moistened with a little warm 
milk, sweetened with sugar ; or with a little cream ; 
or, what sometimes will make them fix instantly, the 
parts may be smeared with a little raw meat : and if 
the weather be extremely cold, it will be of advantage 
to swim them a little time in lukewarm water. After 
they have filled themselves with blood, and loose 
their hold, they -should be placed upon a plate or 
saucer, and have their heads covered with salt, which, 
occasions them to vomit up the blood with which 
they have gorged themselves. This is called by the 



11 4 PHARMACOPOEIA 

people who keep them, purging the leech, "which 
shoyld be done sufficiently to make them eject all the 
blood they have swallowed : after this they should be 
put into water just warmed. Some recommtnd tak- 
ing the leech by the tail and squeezing it through the 
fingers and thumb, so as to force from it all its 
blood 5 but this is a cruel practice, and will for the 
most part destroy it. The parts to which they have 
been applied, should be covered with cloths wrung 
out of hot water, or with warm napkins, according 
as the surgeon shall deem fit. If the bleeding be 
troublesome, a little fine flour will in general put a 
•top to it J or a fold or two of dry linen, applied so 
as to make a little pressure -, covering the part with 
a little tartar emetic has sometimes instantly succeeded, 
when other means have failed. In all local phleg- 
monous inflammations, whether arising form injury 
or any other cause, leeches afibrd us one of the rea- 
diest and most effectual modes of relief 5 iu slow 
chronic inflammations^ taking place in the neighbour- 
hood of the large joints, — in ecchymosis from a blow 
or bruise, — in furunculus or boil, — in whitlow, — in 
ficirrhus when the pain is violent, or when the vessels 
appear much distended or enlarged, leeches will for 
the most part afford considerable relief. At the 
commencement of an abscess leeches ,will in general 
give considerable alleviation, if they do not put a 
stop to the progress of the inflammation 5 and in 
an abscfss of the breast they are peculiarly pro- 



CHIRURGICA, lli5 

per. In erysipelatous inflammation, however, leeches 
will n'ot unfreqnently aggravate the disease.* In car- 
buncle they are often improper, or in atonic inflam- 
mation which is likely to terminate in sphacelus. 
1 have seen leeches, when applied *o the neighl^our- 
hood of the eye, produce great and extensive erysipe- 
latous inflammation, with considerable sedema and 
swelling. These observations have been drawn from 
actual experience ; but after all much must be left to 
the direction and judgment of the surgeon^ and the 
peculiar idiosynchrasy of the patient. 

HYDRA RGYRUS. 

QUICKSILVER, OR RUNNING 

MERCURY. 

.For a very ample, elaborate, and excellent account 
of mercury, see Dr. Collen's Materia Medica, Vol. II, 
p. 442 ; and for a particular consideration of its various 
preparations, sec Dr. Swediaur's Pharmacopoeia Syphi- 
litica, at the end of his book on the venereal disease. 
We are led to give the following account of mercury, 
from Dr. Duncan's ^Dispensatory, as appearing to us 
more practical than any other which we have seen. 
'' The mercury employed in England is principally 

* In erysipelas, however, I have witnessed much benefit from 
the free use of leeches in the first instance, and warm fomentations 
afterwards ; hut then it has only been when situated in the extre- 
mities, or in cases connected with phlegmonous inflammation, oi 
whete the erysipdas has arisen from injury. 



116 PHARMACOPOEIA 

from the mines of Huogaiy. - When taken into the 
stomachy in its metallic state^ it has no action on the 
body^ except what arises from its weight or bulk. It 
is not poisonous^ as was Yulgarlj supposed, bat per- 
fectly inert. But in various states of combination^ it 
produces certain sensible effects. It quickens the circu- 
lation> and increases all the 'secretions and excretions. 
According to circumstances^ the habit of the body of 
the patient^ the temperature in which he is kept, the 
nature of the prq)aration, and the quantity in which it 
is exhibited, its effects are indeed various: it aometimet 
increases one secretion more particularly, sometimes 
another, but its most characteristic efkct is the increased 
flow of saliva, which it generally causes, if given in 
sufficient quantity. Mercury in medical surgery is ex*^ 
tensively employed; it is exhibited as an errhine^ a^ a 
sialagogue, as a cathartic, as a diuretic, as a sodorific, 
as an astringent, as a stimulant. And with some of 
these views it is administered in indolent and chronic 
inflammations, especially of the glandular system. In 
exanthematous disorders. In spasmodic diseases ; teta-^ 
nus, trismus, hydrophobia. Ice. In impetigines, scro- 
fula, sjrphilis, elephanriasis, lepra, icterus, &c. &c. In 
local diseases ; in caligo corneas, amaurosis ; gonor- 
rhoea ; obstipatio ; tumors of various kinds ; herpes, 
tinea, psora,*' &c. 

*^ Mercury occasionally attacks the bowels, and 
causes violent purging, even of blood. This efiect is 
remedied by intermitting the use of the medicine^ aod 
by exhibiting opium. 



CHIRURGICA. 117 

^' At other times mercury is saddenlj determined 
to the mouthy and produces inflamination^ ulceration^ 
and an excessive flow of saliva. In this case the use of 
the mercury must be discontinued for a time; while, 
accordting to Mr. Pearson's advice^ the patient should 
be freely exposed to a dry cold air> with the occasional 
use of cathartics^ Peruvian Bark, and mineral adds, 
and the assiduous application of astringent gargles. Oa 
the other hand, the sudden suppression of ptyalism is 
not without danger. It is most frequently caused by 
-cold liquids being taken into the stomach, or exposure 
to cold and moisture, while under the influence of mtf* 
cory; the danger is to be obviated by the quick intro- 
duction of mercury, so as to affect the gums, and by 
the warm bath occasionally.** 

" Sometimes also a morbid condition of the system 
occurs during a mercurial course, and which tends to a 
fatal issue, Mr. Pearson has termed it erithismus. It 
is characterised by great depression of strength 3 a sense 
of anxiety about the praecordia; frequent sighing j 
trembling, partial or universal; a small, quick pulse | 
sometimes vomiting; a pale contracted countenance; 
a sense o£ coldness, while the tongue is seldom furred> 
or the vital or natural functions much disordered. In 
this state a sudden or violent exertion of muscular 
power will sometimes prove fatal. To prevent danger- 
ous consequences, the mercury must be discontinued, 
whatever may be the stage, extent, or violence of the 
<lisease for which it has been exhibited, and the pa- 
deat must expose himself freely to a dry and cool air. 



118 PHARMACOPOEIA 

ID such a manner as shall be attended with ihe least 
fatigue; and in the course of ten or fourteen days he 
'W^ill sometimes be so far recovered as to resume the use 
of mercury. • • ^ 

This account comprises v/hat is almost necessary 
to be known in regard to a general knowledge of mer- 
cury, when exhibited under circumstances which fall 
within the province of the surgeon. I have^ under the 
article Hydrargyri Submurias, noticed some of its pe- 
culiar and specific effects ; which I intend further to. 
accomplish^ under the different formulae in which mer- 
cury, or rather some one of its preparations, forms 
the principal ingredient. 



HYDRARGYRI ACETIS. (E.) 
ACETITE OF QUICKSILVER. 

This is a mild preparation of mercury, but seldom 
employed^ It was the principal ingredient in Keyscr's 
celebrated pills. Dissolved in rose water, in the pro- 
portion of two grains of mercury to an ounce of the 
water, it will occasionally be found useful against cu- 
taneous eruptions. It may be safely administered, 
formed into pills with crumb of bread, in the quantity 
of a grain to five grains, night and morning, as a gentle 
mercurial. 



CI11RURGIC4. 119 

HYDRARGYRYRUS CUM GRETA. (L.) 
CHALK WITH QUICKSILVER. 

This is one of the mildest preparations, of mercurj. 
The chalk merely promotes the mechanlca' division of 
the quicksilver, thus affording a larger surface to the 
atmosphere, the oxygen of which it readily absorbs. 

Dr. George Fordyce, in his Lectures on^ the 
Materia Medica, denies to this preparation any mei'cu- 
rial effect. I have, however, seen its efficacy suffici- 
ently to convince me the doctor had formed a pre- 
mature opinion on this subject. As an antisyphiiitic it is 
much slower in its operat'on than the pilula hydrargyri, 
and should only be'employed in cases where the pill is 
inclined to run off by the bowels, or as a substitute for it 
to children. The dose to an adult is from five grains 
to a scruple, or half a drachm, twice in the day, ex- 
hibited in any viscid substance, as honey, treacle, jelly, 
or barley, \vater made thick. 



HYDRARGYRI NITRICO-OXYDUM-CL.) 
OXYDUM HYDRARGYRI RUBRUM. (E.) 

NITRIC'OXYDE OF MERCURY. (L.) 
RED OXYDE OF MERCURY. (£.) 

The nitric oxyde of mercury should never be cm- 
ployed biit in a state of levigatioo, or after it has been 



120 PHARMACOfOEIA 

minutely triturated. It is a useful stimulant^ and 
escharotic; and formed into an ointment oftentimes 
has excellent effects upon old or ill-conditioued ulcers. 
Sec Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitrico-Oxydum. Half a 
grain^ or even a grain, united with three or four grains 
of fine sugar, and blown into the eye, has sometimes 
removed ulcerous affections of the cornea, or a thick- 
ening frixa exuded lymph. See Btoj. Bell's System of 
Surgery. 



HYDRARGYRI OXYMURIAS. (LO 
MURIAS HYDRARGYRI. (£.) 

OXYMURIJTE OF QUICKSILVER. 

This preparation of mercury is very generally cm* 
ployed as a cure for syphilis, supported by the authorities 
of VanSwieten and Boerhaave. Mr. Pearson, however^ 
only allows to it the power of removing the primary 
vyraptoms, or of aiding the common effects of mercury. 
He tells us that it will often fail in removing chancre, 
and that the patient is not secure against a constitu- 
tional affection^ even under the most steady perseve» 
ranee in its use. Iti8> however, not unfrequently a 
very useful auxiliary to mercurial frictions, in doses of 
an eighth, of a sixth of a grain, administered in the 
form of a pill, or dissolved in any aqueous mrnstrunn]> 
exhibited twice or even three times in the day. If 
given to the quantity of a grain, it has been said to 
bring on most active and iudden ptyalism ; and to be 



CHIRURGICA. 121 

an immediate and effectual remedy in the first stage of 
virulent gonorrhcKa: few, however, I believe, would 
recommend this practice. As an external application 
it is violently escharotic, and acts powerfully as a 
caustic. In solution (see Lolio Hydrargyri Oxymu- 
riatis) it is useful for destroying fungous flesh, and 
for removing herpes. I have seen it likewise employed 
with benefit as a wash, in some ulcerations of the fingers 
and other parts when connected with diseased bone or 
periosteal inflammation. In relieving ulcerous afFec* 
tions of the throat, nocturnal pains, and desquama- 
tions of the skin from a syphilitic cause, it is often 
essentially beneflcial when given as an internal remedy. 
The muriate of quicksilver is said to form the principal 
iDgrexiieDt in all the quack syrups. 



HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIAS. (L.) 
SUBMURIAS HYDRARGYRI. (E.) 

SUBMURIJTE OF QUICKSILVER. 

Formerlu Calomel. 

This preparation of raercu» is more extensively, 
and perhaps more usefully, employed by the surgeon 
than that of any other .article in the Materia Medica. 
Internally employed it is eminently serviceable, whe- 
ther administered as a'purgative, or given as an altera- 
tivcu in a raricty of causes which require surgical aid. — 



J 22 PHARMACOPOEIA 

It 18, perhaps, capable of curing syphilis in every form. 
In small doses, or in larger ones combined with opium. 
It excites ptyalism, and acts powerfully upon the glan- 
dular system throughout. — It obviates the pain and 
constipation of the bowels, arising from the incautious 
and injudicious use of lead ; and administered as an 
alterative in doses of a grain or two grains, once or 
twice in the day, it. has repeatedly relieved paralytic 
affections of the extremities, arising from the same 
cause, and which had resisted all other means. Ulcers 
of an indolent inactive nature, attended with a thin 
ichorous discharge, will not unfrequently assume an 
healthy aspect, and eventually heal by the use of 
calomel, whether exhibited as a brisk purgative or 
given as an alterative} nor can we, in general, cure 
ulcers of an equivocal character, by any other means. 
Witli children of a strumous habit, and where there 
exists ulcerous affections upon the surface, or when 
we have to do with glandular enlargements, calomel is 
the best purgative we possess.. 

As an external application, it is equally advanta- 
geou3 when judiciously employed. 



GHIRUIIGICA. 123 

SUB-SULPHAS HYDRARGYRI 
FLAVUS. (E.) 
Olim, Turpethum Mintrah, 

SVB-SULPHJTE OF QUICKSILVER. 
Formerly, Turpeth Minefal. 

The sub-Bolphate of mercury is a very powerful me- 
dicine when used internally^ acting as a strong emetic 
in doses of two or three grains. Given in this way it has 
sometimes cured hernia humoralis very quickly. 1 have 
seen it repeatedly used as an errhine in the quantity of 
an eighth^ or a quarter of a grain^ mixed with a little 
liquorice powder or the compound powder of asara- 
bacca, once or twice in the day, in cases of amaurosis, 
when the disease was supposed to depend upon a 
debilitated state of the optic nerve j but I cannot say 
I have ever seen it decidedly advantageous in this com- 
plaint. 

m 

HYDRARGYRI SULPHUJIETUM 
RUBRUM. CLJ 

HED SVLPHURET OF QUICKSILVER. 

TUs is principally employed in fumigations against 
venereal ulcers in the mouth, throat, and nose. Mr. 
Pearson^ from his experiments, concludes that, where 

g2 



124 PHARMACOPOEIA 

it is an object to put a stop to the progress of the dis- 
ease suddenly, tlie sulphuret of mercury if thrown upon 
a red hot iron and the fumes.be inhaled, will often an- 
swer better than any other means. It is liable, however, 
sometimes to induce violent salivation, and that rapidlyj 
and, consequently, great debility. Mercury must like- 
wise be introduced into the constitution by inunction, 
as if no fiin^gations had been made use of. 



INFUSUM ARMORACI^ COMPQSITUM 
COMPOUND INFUSION OF HORSE 

RADISH. 

R Armoraciae radicis recentis concisae, 
Sinapis seminum contusorum singulomm 
unc, j. 
Aquae ferventis O. j. 

Macerate for an hour in a close vessel, a«i strain 
off the clear liquor. The dose of this infusion is from 
an ounce and a half to two ounces, three or four times 
a day. It may occasionally be rendered more agreeabk 
by the .addition of a little spirituous water. See Con- 
fectio Sinapeos; 



CHIRURGICA. 125 

INFUSUM CAPSICr. 

INFUSION OF CAPSICUM, OR 
INDIAN FEPFElt. 

R Capsici baccarum capsulae g^ iv. 
Aquae distillatae unc. vj. 

Infuse for two hours^ in a close vessel^ and strainr 
off the clear liquor. It is necessary to remark, I bat the 
capsule of the capsicum only should be. used, and not 
the fed powder, as the latter contains common salt, 
and^ for the most part, the red oxide of lead. 

This infusion is a powerful stimulus when applied 
externally to a sensible part, and as such it has been 
•tix)ngly recommended in ophthalmia^ from relaxation,, 
and in amaurosis from the same cause : it should be ap- 
plied to the edge of the tarsus by means ofa earners hair 
brush in the former case, and dropped into the eye in 
the latter, to the quantity of two, three, or four drops > 
in both cases the pain it occasions is exceedingly great, 
and it requires great firmness on the part of the patient 
to bear a continuance of its use. 

In gutla serena, where the pupil has appeared in- 
capable of being influenced by a strong light, or when 
the disease has been preceded by great and continued 
pain in the forehead, I have never seen the capsicum 
do the least good. 



126 PHARMACOPOEIA 

» 
INFUSUM CINCHON.E CUM CALCE. 
INFUSION OF BARK, WITH LIME. 

R Cinchonae pulveris unc. ij. 
Liquoris calcis O. ij. 

First rub the bark with a small quantity of the 
lime water in a marble mortar, pouring on the re- 
mainder gradually J afterwards infuse them together 
twenty-four hours in a close vessel, and when the fseces 
have subsided, strain off the clear liquor. 

This is an elegant form for administering the bark. 
The lime is said to increase the strength of this infu- 
sion, by rendering a greater portion of the cinchonin 
of the bark soluble in the water. See the article Cin* 
chOna« 

INFUSUM UNI. (L.) 
INFUSION OF LINSEED. 

R Lini usitatissimi serainum contusorum 
unc. j. 
Glycyrrhizae radicis concisx unc. ss. 
Aquae fcrveiUis O. ij. 

Digest in a close vessel placed near the fire, for 
four hours, and strain. 

This is intended as a beverage in strangury and go- 
norrhcea; to be drank to ,the quantity of a quart during 



CHIRURGICA. 127 

the day. It is a useful drink likewise afler lithotomy, or 
after any of the operations where the bladder or urethra 
have been imnsediately concerned. If the bowels be 
torpid or confined, two or three ounces of fresh figs and 
half an ounce of gum arabic, (gudami acacise^) may be 
added to each quart of the infusion ; and it should 
then be made into a decoction^ by b^ing boiled fif- 
teen or twenty minutes* 



INJECTIO COPAIBiE. 
INJECTION OF COP JIB J^ 

Be Copaibae draeh. j. 
Mucilaginia acacis unc. ss. 
Aq^se rosae unc. vj. 

Hub the copaiba and mucilage well together and 
add the rose water. 



JNJECTIO CUPRI SULPIIATIS. 

INJECTION OF SULPHATE OF 

COPPER. 

R Cupri sulphalis g*^ vj. 

Aquae distillatae unc. vj. 
. Tincturae opii dracb* j. 

Misce, " 



123 PHARMACOPOEIA 

INJECTIO HYDRARGYRI. 
INJECTION OF QVICKSILVEIi. 

R Unguenti hydrargyri drach. j. 
Olci olivae nnc. j. 
Mi see. 

This injection should be warmed previous to 
using. 

INJECTIO HYDRARGYRI SUBMU- 

RIATIS. 

INJFXTION OF SUBMURUTE OF 

MERCURY. 

R Hydrargyri submuriatis drach. ij. 
Mucilaginis acaciae unc. ss. 
Liquoris calcis O. j. 

Rub the submuriate and mucilage well together, 
and add, gradually, the lime water. See remarks 
under Injectio Zinci Sulphatis. 



CHIRURGICA. 129 

* 

INJECTIO PLUMBI CARBONATIS. 

INJECTION OF CARBONATE OF 

LEAD. 

R Plumbi carbonatis drach. j. 
Tragacanths pulveris compositi dracb, ij> 
Opii pulveris scrap, j. 
Aquae ferventis O. j. 

INJECTIO THE^. 
INJECTION OF TEA. 

R Theae viridis foliorum dracll. j. 
Aquae ferventis unc. vjk 

Macerale in a close vessel till cold^ and strain;. 

INJECTIO ZINCI SULPHATIS. 
INJECTION OF SULPHATE OF 

ZINC. 

R Zinci sulphatis drach. ss. 
Aquae distillatae O. j. 
Misce. 

Among the whole class of remedies employed for 

•urgical purposes, there is scarcely one which hag - 

occasioned a greater diversity of opinion, than 

injections in the cure of gonorrhoea. Opinions 

^diametrically opposite^ supported by names alike coa- 

Q5 



130 PHARMACOPOEIA 

spicuous and eminent, we have neither the judgnoent 
nor temerity to reconcile; and shall content ourselves 
with observing, when injections have appeared service- 
able and when otherwise, so far as we have had an 
opportunity of observing. At the commencement of 
gonorrhoea, tlie irritation and ardor nrinae is often so 
great as to occasion the greatest possible distress ;' the 
urethra then being so exquisitely sensible that the slight- 
est distention of its orifice or canal, even by fiuids of 
the blandest nature, gives the most exquisite pain. The 
inflammation in this stage h evidently of the tonic kind, 
with an accumulated quantity of nervous sensibility, in- 
compatible wiA the mere stimuhis of distention or even 
contact with a foreign body : there is a copious secre- 
tion of the mucus which lubricates the canal, which at 
£rst is thin and acrid, from containing a greater quan- 
tity of the salts of the blood ; there is a degree of irri- 
tative fever excited 3 — the urine is oftentimes scanty and 
high coloured, and whenever it is passed aggravates all 
the symptoms, leaving an increased desire to pass more 
urine, attended with a burning smarting pain. The 
intention of cure, then, would here appear to be 
that of lessening the inflammation of the parts bj 
removing the distention, and of diminishing the 
stimulating properties of the urine. — Wc should 
also endeavour, as much as possible, to take off the 
accumulated sensibility of the urethra, so- as lo 
render it less susceptible both of the stimulating 
properties of the urine and of the gonorrhieal dis- 
charge. To answer these views, leeches applied 



CHIRURGICA. 13 i 

to the under part of the urethra along its whole 
course would apprar a means likely to be useful^ 
together with the free use of cold saturnine applica* 
tions externally applied to the penis. The bpwels 
should be fi'eely evacuated^ and determination induced 
both to ihh kidnies and skin^ so as to excite a free- 
diaphoresis and a copious flow of urine ; by which, 
means we tike off the heat and inflammation of the 
urethra, remove the irritative fever, and greatly dimir 
nish the stimulating properties of the urine. Opium 
may likewise be had recourse to, either alone or com-^ 
bined with camphor, or with antimony and hemlock i. 
hyoscyamus and belladonna may likewise be tried. 
Do injections, used at first, tend to produce these 
efiects, or do they not jather retard them? Whea 
the violence of the symptoms are abated, and ther 
increased secretion and discharge are kept up by aa 
atonic state of tlie parts, injections, by corrugatingj^ 
stimulating, er strengthening the relaxed internal 
surface oi ihe urethf^, would certainly seem more 
eligible and proper ^ but here again objections present 
thepiselves, which, though, perhaps, not fi)unded oa 
any true pathological reasoning, would stili appear 
valid by consequences which too frequently supervene. 
There is an uncertainty in applying the injection 
equally and regularly^ by which means its astringent 
or stimulating properties may bring on sudden or in* 
creased action in some o£ the relaxed vessels, so that 
they shall either become thickened or enlarged, or 
pour out a considerable quantity of inflamed lymph^. 



132 PHARMACOPO0A . 

which maj afcerwards become the groand work of 
adhesions; or indoce an irrrgular packering of the 
internal membrane : either of which effects may give 
rise to stricture. Of the injectioiM enumerated^ those 
containing mercury are moft extensively employed. 
The Injectio Hydrargjrri Submnriatis is very com- 
monly resorted to. Tlie Injectio Hydrarg}Tt is a 
milder fornix and in one instance where gonorrhoea 
had continued beyond six weeks^ it was almost in- . 
stantly put a stop to by once using it« The Injectio 
Copaibs is more stimulating, and is perhaps better 
fitted for females, when a discharge is kept up from 
a relaxed state of the rugas or folds of the Tagina> 
whether arising from gonorrhoea, from too firequent 
coition, or from the fluor albus or whites. The in- 
jectio Hurabi Carbonatis, Zinci Stilphatis, and Cupri 
Sulphatis, are all of them astringent ; their astringency 
increasing in the order they arc here arranged. The 
Injectio Zinci Sulphatis made double the strength pre- 
scribed, is one which Mr. Astlcy Cooper very generally 
employs for the radical core of hydrocele, and that al- 
most with uniform good effect. It may be worth while 
here to remark that, in a conversation I once had with 
Mr. George Babington, late Surgeon in the Guards, he 
observed to me that he was in the habit of curing all 
the obstinate gonorrhoeas which came under his care, 
and which were very considerable, by large and fre- 
quent doses of the copaiba 5 and that even in the active 
stage of gonorrhoea he employed it with success 5 but 
kejdever had recourse, to injections. 



CHIRURGICA. 133 

LINIMENTUM ^RUGINIS. 
LINIMENT OF VERDIGRIS. 

V « 

R i&uginis praeparatx unc. j. 
Acidi acetici unc. vj. 
Mellis depurati unc. xiv. 

Dissolve the verdigris in the vinegar, and strain 
through linen -, afterwards add the honey, and boil the 
whole over a slow fire to the consistence of a thick syrup. 
This preparation, after standing some time, de- 
posits its thicker parts, which in the older Pharma- 
copoeias, was denominated the Ungucntum -^gypti- 
acum, the thinner parts going by the name of the Mel 
^gyptiacum. 

Both under verdigris, and the formula gargarisma 
aeruginis, we have taken an opportunity of expressing 
our opinion on the propriety of using this composition 
to affections of the mouth and fauces: that it is possi- 
ble for a portion of it to be conveyed into the stomach, 
from which circumstance much inconvenience might 
be occasioned ; and that the same intention intended 
to be answered by it may be effected by mtans less 
hazardous. 

It rnust be confessed, however, that aphthae aiid 
ulcers of the mouth and tongue, particularly where 
there exists a disposition for them to run into a slough- 
ing state, or when they are connected with a syphilitic 
cause, and the system is under the action of mercury, 
are often veiy suddenly and happily meliomted and 



134 PHARMACOPOEIA 

healed by using the rmimentum aeruginis ; but it must be 
recollected that a small ponion only should be applied^ 
and that by means of a probe armed with lint 3 like- 
wise that the mouth should be well gargled or cleaned 
afterwards, either with the common gargle or gargle 
of myrrh* 

LINFMENTUM AMMONIA. 
LINIMENT OF AMMONIA. 

R Ammonia Liqnoris subcarbonatis unc. ss. 
Olet olivae unc. iss. 
Mi see. 

This is a strongly stimulating application. 

To each ounce of the liniment a drachm of cam- 
phor, rubbed down with a little spirit of wine, may 
be added; or the liniment may be made with the 
liquor ammoniac, — this is left, however, to the option 
of the surgeon. 

LINIMENTUN AMMONIiE CUM ANTI- 

MONIO TARTARIZATO. 

LINIMENT OF AMMONIA WITK 

TARTARISED ANTIMONY. 

Jic Linimenti ammoniac uuc. j. 
Antimonii tartarizati dracb. j. 
Misce. 

See Uoguentum Antimonii. 



CHIRURGICA. 135 

LINIMENTUM AMMONI-^ CUM OLEO 

TEREBINTHINiE. 

LINIMENT OF AMMONIA WITH 
OIL OF TURPENTINE. 

jlc Liniment! ammoniac unc. jss. 
Olei tereWnthina rectificali unc. S9. 
Misce. 

This liniment will not unfrequently afford ver^ 
sudden and permanent relief in chronic rheumatism, 
in lumbago, sciatica, and affections of the knee and 
aqcle joiots, depending oa a gouty or rheumatic cause, 

LINIMENTUM BITUMINIS COMPO-^ 

SITUM. 

COMPOUND LINIMENT OF TAR. 

R Petrolei barbadensis unc. j. 
Camphors pau&illo spirit us recti£cati Iw 

pulverem redactae unc, ss. 
Misce.. 

This liniment is not unfrequently recommended' 
by Mr. Forster, Senior Surgeon of Guy's Hospital, in 
affections of long standing-, whether of the knee or 
ancle joints, where he suspects any degree of thicken* 
ing aboat the ligaments, or an efRuion of lymph. It 
sboaM. be spread vpoo leather and applied round the 



136 PHARMACOPOEIA 

part or paits, with direction to renew its use every 
fourth or fifth day. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORiE. 
CJMVHOn LINIMENT. 

R Camphorae, 

Liquoris potassse subcarbonatis siogulorum 

unc. j. 
Olei olivae unc. jv. 

This liniment possesses similar properties to, and 
may be used with equal advantage as, the liniment of 
Mr. Ware, with which he recommends the outside 
and edges of the eyes to be moistened, by means of tlM 
finger, night and morning, when vision is rendered im- 
perfect from a supposed deficiency of |>ower in the optic 
nerves, or from an incipient amaurosis. It is a pretty 
strong stimulant, but acts more gradually than the 
compound camphor liniment. The camphor should 
first be dissolved in the liquor of potash^ and the 
oil should be added. 

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORS COM- 
POSITUM. (L.) 

COMPOUND CAMPHOR LINIMENT. 

R Camphorae unc. ij. 

Liquoris ammoniac unc. vj. 
Spiritus lavandulae, O. j. 

Let the water oi ammonia be mixed with tke 



CHIRURGICA. 137 

spirit of lavender 3 and distil fr<Hn a glas? retort, 
with a slow fire^ sixteea ounces. In ibis dissolve the 
camphcH*. la order to save the trouble of distilling, 
rectified spirit of wine may be employed ; but it is 
more expensive. This is a powerfully stimulating" and 
penetrating liniment. 

LINIMENTUM ELEMI. 
LINIMENT OF G UM ELEMI. 

R Ungucnti elemi compositi unc. vj. 
Olivae olci unc. xij. Misce. 

This is a stimulating digestive liniment. It may 
•flea be used with advantage for promoting the dis- 
charge from blisters, setons, and issues. It will like« 
wise oflen be useful if applied to the edges of the eye* 
lids, in the ophthalmia incident to old age. 



LINIMENTUM HYDRARGYRI. (L.) 
LINIMENT OF QUICKSILVER. 

^ Unguent i hydrargyri fortiori s, 
Adipis suiJlae, singulorum unc, j. 
Camphorae drach. ij. 
Spirit us rectificati g^^ v. 
Liquoris ammoniac unc. j. 

To the camphor, dissolved in the spirit of wine, 
add the water of ammonia, together with the oint- 



138 PHARMACOPOEIA 

ment of quicksilver preyiouslj mixed with the lardr 
This and the preceding liniment are both of them takea 
frem the Pharmacopoeia of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, . 
similar ones to each of which I have frequently seen 
employed. The addition of the liquor ammoniae in the 
latter one, renders it more stimulating, and, probably, 
enables the absorbents to take in a greater share of the 
mercury. This liniment would appear admirably calcu- 
lated as a remedy for external chronic venereal pains, 
for removing nodes, tophi, &c. remaining after a mer- 
curial course, and for some indolent rheumatic pains of 
the muscles and ligaments. It should be well robbed 
into the parts afifected night and morning by the pa* 
tient^ if by an assistant, it will be requisite to have the 
hand covered with bladder or oil-skin ; a caution re- 
quisite whenever mercurial frictions are conducted by 
an assistant. See remarks under Ung. Hydrargyri. 



LINIMENTUM PLUMBI ACETATIS 
COMPOSITUM. 

COMPOUND LINIMENT OF ACETATZ 

OF LEAD. 

5^ Liquoris plumbi acetalis unc. j. 
Olivae olei unc. ij.. 
Tinct. opii drach. ij. Misce. 

See remarks under Liquor Plumbi Acetatia^ 



CHIRURGICA. 139 



LINIMENT OLEI CUM CALCE. 
LINIMENT OF OIL WITH LIME. 

ROlei lini unc. xij. 
Liquoris calcis unc. vj. 

Agitate the oil and lime water briskly together till 
they arc well incorporated. 

In cases of burns aad scalds^ where the cuticle has 
been destroyed^ I have seen this liniment pretty ex - 
tensively employed, particularly after the violence of 
the inflammation in the first instance had been got 
under by other means. The part, or parts> should be 
kept covered with this liniment^ spread upon fine old 
linen ; taking care that the rags covering the sores are 
always in a state of naoisture. 



LINlxMENTUM OPIL 
LINIMENT OF OPIUM. 

R Liniment! saponis compositi unc. iss. 
Tinct. opii unc. ss, *Misce. 

This liniment is very similar to the anodyne bal- 
sam of Bates. It is greatly recommended for sprains^ 
bruises, and <:hronic rheumatic pains. Where, how,- 



140 PHARMACOPOEIA 

e\-er, there is considerable inflammation from the in* 
jury communicated, or a considerable degree of ecchy- 
mosis with great tension and pain^ I should feel in- 
clined to discourage the adoption of so active a stimu- 
lant, and defer its use till the urgency of the first 
symptoms have been removed by local blood letting^ 
and by discutient or emc^Uent applications. 



UNIMENTUM SAPOMS GOMPOSITUM. 
COMPOUND SOAP LINIMENT. 

R Saponis albi duri unc. iij. 
Camphorae unc. j. 
Spiritus rosmarini O. j. 

Digest the soap in the spirit* 

LTQT'OR ARGENTI NITRATIS. 
LIQUOR OF NITRATE OF SILVER. 

R Argenti Nitratis 
Aquae distillatae unc. viij. 
Misce. 

This is a mild solution of the Nitrate of Silver^ 
whioh see. 



CHIRURGICA. 141 

LIQUOR ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS. (L.) 
COMPOUND LIQUOR OF ALUM. 

^ Aluminis 
Acidi acetic! 
Zinci sulpbatis singulorum unc. 8f« 
Aquae ferventis O. ij. 

Dissolve the alum and zinc in the boiling water; 
then strain through paper. 

This is a useful astringent application. It will 
oAen answer in removing chilblains ; in curing slight 
excoriations of the cutis 5 in taking down superficial 
excrescences ; and in correcting the ichorous discharge 
or haemorrhagic tendency in some old ulcers.— It may 
be employed as a good collyrium in the ophthalmia 
senilis. 

LIQUOR ARSENICALIS. (L.) 
ARSENICAL LIQUOR. 

R Arsenici oxydi praeparati, in pulverem sub- 
tilissimum triti. 
Fctassae subcarbonatis ex tartaro^ singulo- 
rum g*" 64. 
Aquae distillatae O. j. 

Bdl the anenic and suixrai^nate of potash till the 
araeaic is completely, disaolved ; then strain through 



/ 



1 
J 



142 PHARMACOPOEIA 

£ne linen, ivhen cold. This preparation difiers in 
ftrength from the Aqua Arsenicalis. — ^The Collie di- 
rect half an ounce of the spirit of lavender to be added, 
and the waste occasioned by the boiling to be made 
good with distilled water. The dose is from eight to 
twenty drops twice in the day. 

It would almost however appear desirable, from the 
uncertain quantity contained in a drop as being sub- 
ject to the influence of various causes, that this liquor 
be more diluted, in order to its being exhibited in a 
larger and more certain dose. If instead of the si&ty- 
four grains, two grains only be dissolved in the pint of 
water^ the dose may with safety be half an ounce. 



LIQUOR HYDRARGYRl OXYMURI- 

ATIS. (L.) 

LIQUOR OF OXYMURIATE OF MER- 
CURY. 

R Hydrargyri oxymuriatis g' viij. 
Aquae distillatae unc. xv. 
Spirit us rectiflcati unc. j. 

Dissolve the oxymuriate ^n the distilled watcr^ and 
add the spirit. 

This is a cheap and convenient form for adminis- 
tering this muriate. The dose is two drachms twice \n 
the day. It should be recollected that all these solu- 
tions^ when administered iotanall/« be given m glass 



CHIRURGICA. 145 

or wooden vessels 3 as metallic substances are^ more or 
less, subject to decompose them. 

Other menstruums have occasionally been em- 
ployed by different practitioners, as more effectual ve- 
hicles for exhibiting the oxy muriate of mercury. 

R Hydrargyri oxymnriatis g' ij. 
Tincturae cinchonas unc. ij. 

Triturate the muriate with the tincture till it is per- 
fectly dissolved. 

This medicine was first introduced to notice by 
Mr, Astley Cooper, as an excellent tonic and mercurial 
alterative in strumous enlargements and scrofulous 
ulcerations^ — in some of the secondary symptoms of 
lues 5 — in sloughing buboes, where the other forms of 
mercury were found to disagree ; in exostoses and pe- 
riosteal inflammations from a scrofulous taint -, and in 
in those mixed cases- of scrofula and lues which arc 
now become so very common and difficult of cure. 
The dose to an adult is from a drachm to two drachms 
twice in the day. It may be given either in the de- 
coction of bark or guaiacam, or in the decoctions of 
sarsaparilla, conjoined as useful^auxiliaries ; or it may 
be exhibited as an auxiliary itself in some cases of con- 
firmed lues, conjoined with mercurial frictions, or even 
with the internal use of calomel^ or the pilula hydrar- 



144 PHARMACOPOEIA 

5t Hydrargyri oxymuriatis ff}. 
Syrapus papaveris udc* iv. 

The oxymuriate of mercury should be intimately 
triturated with a small portion of the syrup, and the 
remainder should be gradually added ; taking care that 
the solution be complete. 

This was first administered at Guy's Hospital, by 
Mr. Stocker, apothecary of that institution, to a pa- 
tient labouring under an inveterate venereal sore throat, 
where the ulceration and sloughing were considerable, 
tnd after all the common means had failed. 

The dose recommended was a table-spoenful twice 
a day, or oflener, according as the stomach and bowels 
might be influenced by its use. 

After a short period of strict adherence to this me- 
dicine, the greatest possible alteration, both in the ap- 
pearance of the ulcer, and in the patient's health, took 
place ', and in a few weeks the man was discharged 
from the hospital quite well. 

I have seen the same solution made use of in two 
similar affections, and witb-lhe same beneficial result. 



CHIRURGICA. 145 



LIQUOR ACIDI NITRICL 
NITRIC. ACID L4QU0R. 

R Acldi nitrici g" xxx. 
Aquae distil latae Oj. 
Sacchari albi unc. ss, Misce. 

The above quantity may be drank, in divided dosesj 
during the day. See Aciduoi Nitricum. 

The sulphuric acid may be- administeitd in the 
same way as a useful tonic and astringent. 



LIQUOR CALCIS. 
LIME WATER. 

Formulae are given both in the London and Edin- 
burgh Pharmacopceias, for making this preparation. 

Lime water forms a highly useful and efficacious 
menstruum, for rendering some of the preparations of 
mercury most effectual as external applications. See 
Lotio Hydrargyri Subai||]atis, and Lotio Hydrargyri 
Oxymuriatis : iime water has been used in psora and 
tinea capitis^ but with little A no benefit. 



H 



140 PHARMACOPOIUA 



. LIQUOR PLUMBI ACETATIS. (L.) 
LIQUOR OF ylCETJTE OF LEAD. 

R Plumbi oxydi semi vitrei Olj. unc. W, 
Acidi acetici cong. vj. 

MIk and boil over a gentle fire to si]& pints, daring 
which the mixture sliould be constantly stirred. After 
the liquor has stood some time, so that the faeces have 
subsided, strain. 

This preparation, the acetate of lead, better known 
by the old name of Extractum Saturni, or Goulard's 
Extract, is a remedy much used by surgeons, when 
properly diluted, as an external application in superficial 
and phlegmonic inflammations of the skin j in slight in- 
flammatory affections of tlie eyes 3 and in some kinds of 
herpetic eruptions 3 likewise as a general remedy to 
burns and scalds where the cuticle remains entire. It 
is usually employed as recommended by the London 
College under the form of liquor plumbi acetatis 
dilutus, which consists of a drachm, by weight, of the 
liquor plumbi acetatis, mixdQ with a pint of distilled 
water, together with a d|[achm, by measure, of proof 
spirit of wine. This liquor, for the generality of 
purposes wherein it is employed, will be found to an- 
swer very well ; but when used as a collyrium, in some 
cases it will be found much too strong, and the patient 
will not be able to bear it above half the strength. The 



CHIRURGICA. 147 

late Mr. Justamond, as also Dr. Cheston, of Glouces- 
ter, were in the habit of applying the liquor plumbi 
aeetatis, combined with an equal portion of a spirit re- 
sembling the tinetura ferri muriatis^ 16 the edges of can- 
cerous sores ; but we must confers we do not see very 
clearly with what intention the lead was employed. 
We should suppoie that the tinetura ferri, or what was 
tantamount to the same, was applied for the purpose 
of puttipg a stop to the frequent haemorrhages, so com- 
mon in such kind of sores : and indeed we know that 
Mr. Justamond used it for this express intention, the 
good effect of which every surgeon of experience must 
have witnessed *, but then, if the lead were conjoined 
in order to remove the irritation, or according to some 
to pfflralyse the extremities of the bleeding vessels^, 
opium, not only as most effectually allaying pain 
and taking off irritation, but likewise as being free 
from the pernicious consequences sometimes super- 
vening from the use of lead to a large abraded surface, 
would be preferable. Indeed it is a question with 
some whetlier lead in any form should ever be applied 
to an open and irritable wound^ or to an abraded sur- 
face. 



h2 



148 PHARMACOPOEIxi 



LIQUOR POTASSiE. (L.) 
LIQUOR OF POTASH. 

AQUA POTASSiE. (E.) 
WATER OF POTASH. 

Formula: are given^ both in the London and Edin- 
burgh Pharmacopoeias^ for making the liquor and aqu9 
potass^» either of which may be adopted. As a re- 
fnedy we have noticed its use under the following 
article. It may be given in doses of ten, fifteen^ or 
twenty drops^ in linseed or liquorice tea> twice in the 
day. 

In the Pharmacopceia of St. Thomas's Hospital a 
formula is given for the more accurate exbibitioo of 
this remedy. It is the following; 



AQUA KALI PURI DILUTA. 

R Aquae kali piiri unc. j. 
— distillatae unc. ij. mi see. Dosis^ drachma 
una bis die ex unciis quatuor infusi lini. 

N. B. The old names are here retained, conforma- 
ble to the original prescription. 



CHIRURGICA. 140 



LIQUOR POTASS.^ SUB-CARBO- . 
NATIS. (L.) 

LIQUOR OF SUB-CJRBONATE OF 

POTASH. 

AQUA CARBON AXIS POTASS^. (E.) 
WATER OF CARBONATE OF POTASH. 

We dQ>not notice the liquor subcarbonatis potassae 
from any supposed merit it may possess as an external 
application^ but from the frequency with which some 
surgeons have administered it in cases of gravel and: 
stone. Previous to the accurate analj'sis of human 
calculi^ by Fourcroy and others, every species of stone i 
was thought to give way to the action of alkaline me-i 
dicines, and under this impression they were almost* 
uni?ersalJy had recourse to, without discrimination orS 
judgment, in such complaints.) At present little ii' 
expected from alkalies, except in closes where the;stone> 
is lunown to* consist almost entirely of iiric 8did j . andt 
in 8ucb taMnces the liquor suJacadjonatis.ipotassaB !»* 
given in ooses from twenty to forty Idrops^^ or »:evdnirtoi 
a drachm, in a bason of thin gruel, linseed or liquo- 
rice tea. In cases of gravel, where a quantity of red 
sabulous matter is frequently discovered at the bottom 
of the chamber-pot, the liquor subcarbonatis potassae 
may prove eminently serviceable, such malier being 
found to consist principally of uric acid^ but probabl#r 



150 PHARMACOPOEIA. 

under such circumstances the liquor potassae is to be 
preferred. For« Dotwithstanding the weak affinity 
which exists between potash and carbonic acid, so -slight 
indeed, that it really acts as sun alkali wh«n administer- 
ed internally, yet the liquor of pure potash, besides that 
the quantity given is not only much less bulky, and to 
the generality of stomachs much less nauseous, is 
equally, or more certain in its effect 5 and if we wish 
to exhibit the greatest possible quantity of alkali, we 
can safely, and for the most part agreeably, recommend 
the soda water, as an auxiliary, to be taken in die way 
of comnK>n drink. The liquor potassae has been found 
to relieve some of tho^ie stomach affections which ore 
not unfrequently connected with nephritic complaints, 
more effectually than the liquor sobcdrbonatis potasssj 
but, after all, the exhibition of these remedies ought 
not to be persevered in for too great a length of timei 
^nce such a practice has sometimes been attended with 
disadvantageous consequences to the system ; and it is 
the opinion of some of our best surgeons, that the 
q3eratton which too frequently we are obliged to have 
recourse to, is rendered more haasardous by the pre- 
vious free use of alkalies, in whatever foras^lpey may 
have been employed. 



CHIRURGICA. i.il 



LOTIO ACIDI NITRIC!. 
NITRIC ACID LOTION. 

R Acidi nitrici dracb. j. 
Aquas distillatae 0« j. Misce. 

» 

The nitrous acid lotion is much used as an appli- 
cation to spongy granulations, and to old fcetid ulcers 
attended with a thin ichorous discharge. It is often 
too one of the best means we can employ for correct- 
ing the fetor, and for promoting the exfoliation of 
diseased bene. 



LOTIO AMMONLT. ACETATIS. 
LOTION OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA. 

R Liquoris ammoniae acetatis unc. vj. 
Spiritus rectificaii anc. ij. Misce. 

This lotion will be found very generally service- 
able in mammary inflammations, previous to suppura- 
tion, and at the.commenc(»ment o^ all external glandular 
swellings^ more particularly after local blood-letting. I 
have frequently seen it extremely useful in discus- 
sing paronychia, or whitlow of the lingers, after the 
application of leeches, it should be applied by means 
of three or four folds of old linen^ which are ta be. 
kept constantly wet. 



152 PHARMACOPOEIA 

LOTIO AMMONITE MURIATIS. 
LOTION OF MURIATE OF AMMONIA. 

]^ Ammoniae muriatis unc. j. 
Acidi acetic i impuri O. ss. 
Aquse distillatae O. y. Misce. 

This lotion contains discutient properties in a very 
powerful degree. ,li will probably prove more effica- 
cious if a smaller quantity of the ingredients, but in the 
same relative proportions as above mentioned, be roited 
together at a time and made use of as soon as they 
are imited. 



LOTIO AMMONIiE MURIATIS 
SPJRITUOSA. 

$PIRITUOVS LOTION OF MURIATE 

OF AMMONIA. 

^ Amn\oniae muriatis unc. j. 
Spiritus recti ficati unc. iv. 
Acidi acetici impuri O. bs. Misce. 

The lotio ammouiae muriatis^ and the lotio ammo- 
nia muriatis spirituosa, arc both from the Pharmaco- 
poeia of Guy's Hospital. For discussing some kinds 
of slow chronic inflammations about the ligaments of 
the joints, or for removing any thickening or indu-. 



CHIRURGICA. 353 

rations, consequent upon an injury to such parts, it will 
not unfrequently be found to afford more essential ser- 
vice^than any other form of lotion we can employ. 



LOTIO CALCIS. 
LOTION OF LIME. 

Be Liquoris calcis unc. vj. 

Spiritus tenuioris unc* iij. Misce. 

This lotion is held in high repute by some practi- 
tioners, as an excellent application, in the fiisi in- 
stance, to burns and scalds where the cuticle remains 
entire." — It should be used cold and the parts keptxon- 
stanlly covered with it by means of fine linen cloths. 



y 



LOTIO HYDRAKGYRI OXY-MURIATIS. 

LOTION OF: OXY^MVRIATE QF. \ 
QUICKSILVER. 

R Hydrargyri oxymuriatis g'' Iv. 
Aquae distillatae O. j. Misce. 

• A few drops of rectified spirit of wine, or one or 
two drops of ihe marine acid, will greatly expedite tlic 
solution of the muriate of quicksilver in the water. 
This lotion will be found essentially useful in many 
affections of the cuticle of an herpetic nature 5 io 



J 54 PHARMACOPOEIA 

psora it will often succeed without the least danger or 
inconrenience^ used as a wash to the eruption n^ht 
and roorntfig. In psorophtbalmia it is almost an 
infallible specific. 



LOTID HYDRARGYR! OXY-MURIATIS 

FLAVA. 

YELLOW LOTION OF OXY^MURIJTE 
OF QUICKSILVER. 

Bf H)rdrargyri oxyrouriaiis scrup. ij. 
Liquoris calcis O. ij. 

Rub the muriate of quicksilver with the lime 
water till it become a yellow oxyde of mercury. 
This lotion is extensively employed against externa) 
syphilitic eruptions, as also in scabies, and desquama- 
tions of the cuticle; and sometimes with good effect 
to those destructive ulcers of the nose^ and focc deno- 
minated Noli me Tangere^ 



CHIRURGICA.. U5 



LOTIO HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIATIS 

NIGRA. 

BLACK LOTION OF QUICKSILVER. 

R Hydrargyrr subrouriatis dracli. ij. 
Liquoris calcis O. j. 

Rub (he calomel with the lirae water till it be- 
come a black oxyde ef mercury, which will be sus-^ 
pended in the fluid by brisk agitation. 

The black wash of mercury is very extensively 
employed in most of the venereal wards of the different 
kospitals in London, as one of the best applications to 
syphilitic sores. To chancres, when not disposed' \o^ 
slough, this wash will oftentimes act like a charno, 
iaducing them to heal almost m a few hours, and- 
even when they are in a sloughing state, if it be ap^ 
plied warm in the form of poultice with linseed, 
meal, it will, very generally, produce the same good- 
effect. Ulcers too of Uie exiremities, attended with. 
a sloughing cellular membrane, often succeed better 
under the use of this poultice, than by any. other 
means. In removing fungous excrescences situated 
dbout the roots of the nails, the lotio hydrargyri 
cigra is often very beneficial. Previous to the ase- 
of this wash, the phials containing it should b&well 
Agitated, when a portion of it should be poured in- 
to a shallow vessel, on the bottom of which is placed, 
mi« OP mor« pieces of lint,, as cirCumstaQces- may. 

li.5 



156 PHARMACOPOEIA 

require j the clear liquor should then be gradually 
poured away, which leaves the black oxyde of mercury 
upon the lint, in which way it should be applied. 



LOTIO MYRRHS. 
LOTION OF MYRRH. 

R Tincturae myrrhae, 
Liquoris calcis~8ing. unc. j. 
Misce. 

* 

This lotif^n is given us by Dr. Kirkland, in his 
Medical Surgery, as a good application for taking down 
fuDgous flesh. In a case of fungus of the brain^ he 
found it extremely proper and serviceable, by dipping 
into it dossils of lint, and applying them to the ex- 
crescence. 



LOTIO OPII. 
LOTION OF OPIUM. 

52 Opii extracti mollis drach ij. 
Aqnae distillatae O. j. 

Dissolve the opium by trituration, adding the water 
gradually 3 to £icilitate the solution^ the w ater may bfi 
used in a state of boiling. 

Where opiom is indicated as an external appli- 



CHIRURGICA. ! 157 

cation, this lotion will be found a convenicDt form for 
applying it. 



LOTIO.PICIS. 
LOTION OF PITCH. 

^ Acidi picis rectificati unc. j. 
Aq'iae distillatae O. j. 
Miscc. 

This lotion is useful for curing certain eruptions 
about the heads and necks of children attended with 
desquamation of the cuticle and not unfrequentljr a9-> 
companied with an ichorous discharge^ yet very dif- 
ferent from tinea cipitis. It has been recommended 
for removing freckles. 

LOTIO tLUMBI ACETATIS.^ * * 
LOTION OF ACJETATE OF LEAD. 

R Liquoris plumbi acetatis drach. j, 
Spiritus ttnuioris unc. j. 
Aquae distillatae O J- Miscfi. 



This lotion is -very extensively cmplctyed incases 
where a preparation of lead- is indicated..- See Liquor 
Plumbi Acetatis, '. ' ' 



\ 



158 PHARMACOPOETA. 



LOTIO PLUMBI ACETATIS COMPO- 

SITA. 

COMPOUND LOTION OF ACETATE 

OF LEAD. 

Be Liqooris plumbi acetatis drach» ij. 
Ac'idi acetici unc. iv» 
Spirit us tenuiofis unc. j. 
Aquae dlstillatae O. j. 

The proportion of lead in thia lotion is,f;reatef 
.than in the preceding one^ but it is in ti state of more 
complete solution by the addition of the distiUed vine- 
gar. It is very discutient and sedative. 



LOTIO POTASS^ SULPHURETI COM- 

POSITA. 

COMPOUND LOTION OFSULPHURET 

OF POTASH. 

R Potassae solphureti une. ss. 
Saponis Venetae uoc. J. 
Spiritas rectificati une. iv. 
Tinct. Myrrli« one. ss.. 
Liquoris calcts O. j. 

The soap and sulphuret of potash are to be well tri- 
l«ratcd together^ after which the lime water is to bt 



CBIRUKG^ICA. - I^ 

gradually ad^ed^ and lastly the spirit of wine and 
tincture of myrrh. 

Tbb lotion has' been greatly recomoieKLded in 
tinea capitis^ upon the authority, we believe, of Mr. 
Barlow^ an eminent surgeon in Lincolnshire. In the 
cases^ however, in which we have seen It employed, 
it certainly did not afford that bet>efit which was anti- 
cipated from its adoption. Before using it, it is re- 
quisite to shave- the head clean, £rst cautiously separat-* 
lag and cleaning with warm soap and water all the 
matted hair. The head shouki then be well washed 
with this lotion night and morning, and in order to 
retain it tp the part as long as possible, slips of lint 
should be dipped in the lotion, with which the whole 
head should be covered, and which should be coniSned 
on by means of an oil-skin cap. 



LOTIO SULPHURIS. 
LOTION OF SULPHUR. 

Be Sulphuris prae^cipilati drach. ij,. 
Plunibi acetatis ficrup. j 
Aquae rosse unc. viij. Misce. 

This lotion is mentioned by Dr. Graves, in hi« 
valuable Gonspectus, upon the auAority of the late 
ifr. B. Bell, as being an efiectnal remedy against her* 
petic crupttoDs in the face of femalesj used uight and 
morning. 



1 60 PHARMAQOPOEIA 

LOTIO ZINCI ACETATIS. 
LOTION OF ACBTATE OF ZINC, 

1^ Zinci acetatis dracb. j. 

■ Aquae distillatae O. j. Misce. 

R Zinci sulphatis dracb. ss. 
Aquae distillatae O. j. 

Either of these lotions will frequently be found 
extremely serviceable in slight excoriations of the cuti- 
cle, in chronic ophthalmia^ and in general for removing 
any small fungous excrescence^ or for checking such a 
dispositioDr 

MEL HYDRARGYRI. 
HONEY OF QUICKSILVER. 

R Hydrargyri cum creta unc. k. 
Mellis depurati unc. j. 

Rub these togelher till they are minutely incor- 
porated. Lint smeared 'with this composition and 
applied to irritable venereal sores will in some cases be 
found an easy suitable application. Ulcers of the mouth 
or fauces, of a venereal character, may be covered by 
means of a camel's hair brusli^ with this preparatioD, 
"with perfect safety, and not uufrcquently with brne£t# 
I have once known the sloughing state of a chancre 
corrected by the mel hydrargyria after many other ap- 



CHIRURGICA. 1(51 

plications had been used without effect. Perhaps the' 
following may be offered as a more certain preparation 
of mercuxy. 

R Hydrargyri oxydi cinerei drach. j. 
Cretae praeparats drach. iij. 
Mollis depurati unc. j. 



MEL ROSiE. (L.) 
HONEY OF ROSES. 

The honey of roses is oAen used to slight ulcerouf 
cKCoriations aboat the mouth and lips : if the sub- 
borate of soda^ (borax)^ be mixed with the mel rosse^ 
in the proportion of two scruples or a drachra of the 
former to an ounce of the latter, a very useful applica- 
tion ' is formed for aphthous affections incident to 
children. 



MISTURA COPAIBiE. 
MIXTURE OF BALSAM OF COPAIBA. 

R Copaibae unc. ss. 

Mucilaginis acacias gummi unc. j, 
Mellis dispumati unc. j. 
Aquae distillatae unc. xij. 

The Ck>paiba being well triturated and' intimately' 



102 PHARMACOPOEIA 

blended with the honey and mucilage^ the water is to 
be gradually added> so as to form a mixture. Copaiba 
18 a heatings irritating^ stimulant; at the same time« 
however, it is highly beneficial in certain affections 
of the urinary organs. In gleets it is often of im- 
mediate benefit^ and in the atonic stage of gonor- 
rhoea^ or in blennorrhoea urethras as it is denominated^ 
I have known three or four doses put a stop to the 
discharge. Taken so as to prove laxative, as in doses 
of half a drachm or a drachm> twice or three times a 
day^ it is recommended as an effectual remedy in cases 
of piles ; if, however, the haemorrhoidal vessels be in 
a state of great tension ; or if there be much external 
tumefaction^ accompanied with general fever> these 
symptoms should first be removed previous to the use 
of the copaiba. In the case of an elderly lady whom 
I had the honour of attending, in conjunction with 
Doctbi^ Babiugteh, and whose complaint was judged 
to be an ulcer of the bladder, from the nature of the 
symptoms, (a copious purulent sediment in the unne 
after standing a little time, — great pain previous to, 
and after, making watier, — Constant pain in the lumbar 
region shooting d^vyu the left thigh,-<-teuesmus, — to* 
gather with frequent lancinating pains in the rectum 
and regio pubis), the balsamum canadense wiis directed 
to be takmi in a decoction of leek beards ; but ihiM 
medicine heating. Dr. B. prescribed the copaiba in the 
form of an emulsion, with mucilage, honey, and tlie 
Uiistura amygdalae: of this the lady wat not able to 
t^ke more for a 4p^ ^^^^^^ v^hoX contained tea or 



CHIRURGICA. 16S 

twelve drops of the copaiba. After the first week or 
ten days some alleviation of her symptoms was effected, 
and the quantity of copaiba was increased to thirty 
drops for a dose. In a short time she took half an 
ounce in the day, with a gradual amendment of her 
compkiint^ and persevering in the use of the copaiba 
for three months, she was entirely relieved, though 
she had not been able t6 leave her room for near a 
twelvemonth previous to seeing Doctgr Babington. 
The dose is from an ounc^ to two ounces, three 
times a day. 



MISTURA BALSAM! PERUVIANF. 
MIXTURE OF PERUVIAN BALSAM. 

R Balsamt Peruyiani drach. ij. 
Mellis depurati unc. j. 
Af^uae distillats unc. vij. 

This mixture is prepared in the same method as 
the preceding one. It is a warm, aromatic, stimalat* 
ing medicine 3 and for promoting the granulathig pro- 
cess in indolent ulcers of the lower extremities, par- 
ticularly in females where the habit is leucophlymatic 
or dropsical, the balsamutn Peruvianum has been used 
both externally and internally with considerable benefit. 
In paralytic numbness, or in chronic rheumatic pains, 
the balsamum Peruvianum will sometimes be found an 
efficacious remedy. In a case of paralysis of the wrists. 



164 PHARMACOPOEIA 

accompanied with general tremor, arising from the 
noxious effects of lend, the mistura balsami Peruviani, 
with the conjunction of calomel evjeiy night at bed- 
time, soon effected a permanent cure. 

The dose i» from an ounce to two ounces, three 
limea a day. 



MISTURA CATHARTICA. 
CATHARTIC MIXTURE. 

Re Menthae sativae e&siccatae unc. j. 
Aquae ferventis unc. xv. 
Sodae sulphatis unc. iij. 
Pptassae super-tartratis draqh. j.r 
Antimonii tartarizati g'^ ss. 

Macerate the dried mint in the boiling water for a 
quarter of an hour^ and in the strained liquor dissolve 
the crystals of tartar, sulphate of soda and tartarised 
antimony. This is the common house ph3rsic of Guy's 
Hospital. The dose is from two to six ounces in tht 
morning. 



«mRURGICA. iQs 



MISTURA GUAIACI. (L.) 
GUAIACUM MIXTURE. 

R Guaiaci gummi-resinae drach. iss« 
Saccbari purlficati drach. ij. 
Mucilaginis acacis gumtni drach. ij. 
Aquae cionamoni unc. viij. 

Rub the gum resin with the sugar and mucilage^ 
and gradually add the cinnamon water. This medicine 
possesses similar properties to, and, in general, may- 
be used with equal advantage as^ the mistura balsami 
Pcruviani. 



MISTURA MOSCHL 

RMoscbi scrap, ij. 
Saccbari albi drach. jss. 
Ammonix carbonatis drach. ss. 
Spiritus lavandulae compositi drach. j. 
Spiritus juniper! unc.j. 
Aqux cinnamon! unc. v. 

Rub the musk and sugar together till they are in- 
timately incorporated, after which add the ammonia 
dissolved in the cionamori water, together with the 

other spirits. 

We are induced to ofier this noedidne to puUic 



l66 PHARMACOPOEhl 

notice, under the form recomtoeuded by the late inge- 
nious Mr. White, of Man Chester, from the great benefit 
it has afforded in some cases of sloughing phagedenic 
ulcers, both venereal and .strurao-sjphilidc, in Guy's 
Hospital. It is found generally in the course of a few 
hours to raise the pulse, to lessen the irritability of the 
ulcer, to put a stop to the sloughing, and to promote a 
healthy appearance : tliis I have seen it efiect in the 
most desperate cases. From the expense of the musk 
it is often adulterated with blood, dried and coarsely 
powdered 3 and sometimes with asphaltirm ; also with 
a gritty resinous substance like the gum kind : for a 
means of detecting these abuses, see Duncan*s Pbar« 
roacopceia, page 288. After the bad condition of these 
ulcers has been changed by the musk, the ammonll 
may be continued alone with advantage; but it is often 
requisite to have recourse again to the musk. In spha* 
celus and mortification I have seen it do great service, 
particularly in elderly people. See art ingenious ac- 
count of the powers of Musk in Gangrene and Mortifi- 
cation, by the late Mr. White, of Manchester, in which 
several cases are clearly and'amply detailed. 



MOXA. 
MUG WORT. 

In the Pharmacopoeta Cfairurgica, published by the 
Fhilanthropic Society of St. George's Fields> and which 
luu become a very^popular work> the mo\SL is spoken 



CH1RURGIC\. 167 

of and recommended as preferable to the actual cau- 
tery^ and a translation given from the Apparatus Medi- 
nicaminum of Murray^ both as to the mode of pre- 
paring and applying it. This soft lanuginous substance, 
says Murray^ is prepared by the inhabitants of Japan 
and China, from the tops of the dried plant and from 
the leaves, by first bruising them with an iron pestle, 
aad afterwards rubbing them between the hands, so as 
to separate all the downy parts. Of this a little cone is 
prepared, nearly an inch long, which being moistened 
with saliva and affixed to the part in pain, is set fire to. 
On account of its soft downy nature, it gradually con- 
sumes away till it reaches the surface, first with a sense 
of glowing heat to the patient, but afterwards with in- 
tolerable pain. The part thus burnt soon passes into a 
state of suppuration, which is sometimes promoted or 
hastened by means of bruised onion or^garlic. 

A similar down may be collected from different 
plants; from the globe thistle, from the leaves of cen- 
taury, from the torchrweed, or from tiax. The effect 
produced is the same as from applying the actual cau- 
tery, or caustic potash ; but it is a harsh empirical 
kind of practice, and which, we believe, no surgeon of 
eminence would now think of adopting. 



168 PHARMACOPOEIA 



MUCrLAGO ACACIiE GUMML 
MUCILAGE OF GUM ARABIC. 

Put half an ounce of the clear picked gum into 
two ounces of cold distilled water> and suffer it to re- 
main till dissolved. 



MUCILAGO CYDONIiE SEMINUM. 
MUCILAGE OF QUINCE SEEDS. 

R Cydoniae seminum drach. j. 
Aquae distillatae O. ss. 

Boil over a slow fire till the liquor become thick 
and viscid. 

MUCILAGO TRAGACANTH^ GUMMI. 
MUCILAGE OF GUM TRAGACANTU. 

Rr Tragacantbae guromi elect! unc. j. 
Aquae ferventis O. j. 

Macerate in a close vessel for twenty-four hoors^ 
afterwards let the mucilage be beat smooth and even 
with a wooden spatula. 



CHIRURGICA. 1^ 



OLEUM CAMPHORiE. 
CAMPHORATED OIL. 

» 

R Camphorx unc. j. 
Olivae olei unc. iv. 
Olci terebinthinae rectificati unc. iss. 

Kub the camphor with the olive oil till it is dis- 
solved^ and add the rectified oil of turpentine. This 
application is powerfully stimulating^ and by some said 
to be powerfully iantispasmodic. It is recommended in 
deep-seated rheumatic affections attended with much 
pain, to be rubbed freely upon the part or parts afiected^ 
which are afterwards to be. covered with new flanneL 
I hare known it sometimes suddenly relieve lumbago 
and sciatica ; and often afford great benefit in indolent . 
chronic pains about the ligaments. and joints. It is said 
to have removed suppressio urinae, by being rubbed over 
the regio pubis. It is likewise one of those forms on 
which much reliance has been placed, as a rubifacient 
at the commencement of spinii ventosaand hip disease ^ 
but in these affections it requires to be used with great 
circumspection, and probably never before local bleed- 
ing. It may not be improper here to observe, that all 
applications containing camphor as their chief ingre-^ 
dient, are^to be recommended with necessary caution 
to incipient swellings of the joints \ more particularly 
where there exists any appearance of a gouty diathesis, 
or where this disease has prevailed previously j for it Is 

I 




170 PHARMACOPOEIA 

the opinion of some experienced practitioners thai re- 
trocedent gout lias been occasioned by campbor rubbed 
upon a gouty extremity. The camphorated oil is some- 
times prescribed with good effect as a liniment to the 
whole abdomen^ in cases of ascites^ after the operation 
of paracentesis. 



OLEUM USITATISSIMI LINI. (L.) 
OLEDM LIN[ USITATISSIMI. (£.) 

OIL OF LINSEED. 

UtiK6d oil has sometimes been used as an exter- 
fWl covering to recent wounds^ and cancerous sorcsj 
t>Ut we brieve with no other effect than that of being 
>e: soft-easy covering. 



OLEUM OLIV« GARYOPHYLLATUM. 

r>zrrE oil united wmi oil of 

Cloves. 

« 

D^Oliffieoleiuiic. j. 
del caryophylli tine. 88. 
Midce, 

This oointoatioD appMrt to btHtrf slnultf't^ tiK 
^•Ittbfiiked cmbrocatioQ of fioche^ so itrotigly mcoa- 
tntMtod lor wkoq^lDg Qo^gh y mA f^cMbhf mm }» 



CHIitUftGICA. 171 

oMnd equally advantageous if a soull quantity of it b« 
ubbed v^ou the^oinach, with a warm baxM^ eight ana 
Homing^ ^r fifteen or twenty nainutes. 



OLEUM SUCaNI CUM OPIO. 
OIL OF AMBER WITH OPIUM. 

RSuociniokittDcj. 
Tiac, opii «bc. »• Biiifoe. 

This is an application which we should venture t* ' 
snoptloy externally to that painfnl afiectioii of the face^ 
lenominated tic Douloureux 3 it is^ however^ like all 
>thcr remedies in this affection^ uncertain in its efiects. 
[t should be rubbed upon the part in pain by means of 
3anoel^ and if the complaint be connected with caries 
3f the teeth^ a small quantity of the oil may be ap- 
pUqd to the part diseased. 



OPIUM PURIFICATUM. (L.) 
PURIFIED OPIUM. 

The effects of opium are so well understood that the 
surgeon employs it in certain affections with an almost 
perfect assurance of success. Its modus operandi has been 
the subject of so much controversy, that it would be only 
to rouse the keenness of criticism were we to venture 
an opinion favourable to cither party. Its powers of 



172 PHARMACOfOEIA 

excitement, however, for it is in general thought to be 
^ most diffusible stinrnlus, are by no means equal to 
produce those sedative eiiects which always ensue 
from its use; and probably the precise nature of its 
action upon the comUiOn sensorium, or upon the 
living solid, remains yet to be explained. It is a 
medicine which possesses the power of allaying all 
painful irritation in a most remarkable degree, and ob- 
viating the power of impressions both upon the body 
and mind. Hence. it is ess^tially beneficial in most 
spasmodic affections 3 in all inflammations from local 
causes ) in bums and scalds ; in violent contusions on 
the extremities ; in all lacerated wounds ; in fhictures; 
in all irritable ulcers; and particularly in that species of 
inflammation and sphacelus, which so commonly at- 
tacks, the toes and margin of the feet in elderly people, 
and for which it received the greatest reconunendatioa 
to general notice from Mr. Pott. Here, however, I am 
persuaded, it only acts by diminishing the general irri- 
tability of the system, and by removing the disposition 
in the contiguous parts to participate so readily of 
the previous disease ; for medicines possessing similar 
powers upon the system, possess the same power, more 
or less, in relievin tjits complaint. 



CHiaUKGICA. 1/3 

PILULE ALOES CUM FERRO. 
ALOETIC PILLS WITH IRON. 

R Aloes spicatae extracti drach. iss. 
Mjrrhffi^gummi-resinae drach. ij. 
Ferri sulphatis drach. j. 
Extract! genti'anae q. s. 

The myrrh, aloes^ and iron being reduced into 
fine powder, are to be formed into a mass proper tor 
roakuig pxMs, by beating them up with a sudicieot 
qointity of the extract of gentian. 

This composition was the pulvis aloes cum ferro of 
the London College) but it is here directed to be 
ibrmed into pills, instead of employing it as a powder, 
by mbttituting the soft extract of gentian for the dry.. 

The quantity here pt escribed will be sufHcient to. 
fyrm 120 pills, of which two, three, or four may be 
taken once or twice a day. In some ulcers of the lower' 
extremities, particularly in females of a leucophleg- 
matic or strumous habit, more especially if there be a 
vicarious discharge from them with much aedema of* 
the ie|[ wd foot, the alvine excretion at the same time 
being fhdolent and irregular, these pills will not uh«r 
frequently be found a very useful auxiliary to the ex- 
temal applications. 

The dose is from two to four once or twice in the 
day. 



i5 



] 74 ?H ARJMACOPOEIA 



PILULE ANTIMONII CUM OPIO. 
PILLS OF ANTIMONY WITH OPIUM. 

Ik Pulveris antimonialia g^ viij. 
Opii purificati dari g*" ij. 
Confectionis cynosbati q. s. ut piluls qua- 
tuorformentur. 

The hard purified opium being rubbed into fine 
powder^ and the pulvis antimonialis added^ they are to 
be beat into a mass proper for forming into pUh, with 
the confection of hips. This quaintitj being divided 
into four pills^ one or two of them may be admiDblteisd 
every three or four hours^ in those local infbimnstioiiS' 
and nkeratioiis, whkh are accompanied with' great* best 
and paxn^ and which so comnMmly attack the foeit of 
elderly people. I have likewise seen them aflbrd great 
relief in gonorrhoea during its active stage^ when the 
patient has been distressed occasionally in the night 
with priapisms and chordee. They may likewise ibr 
^e roost part be exhibited where opiates are indicated/ 
ui^ss there exist any affection of tlie stomacb^ wkich 
Blight be increased by the antimony. • 



CH^JIURGICA. 175 



PILULE ARGENTI NITRATIS- 
PILLS OF NITRATE OF SILVER. 

R Argcnti nitratis g' vj. 
Micae panis drach. ij. 
Aquae distillatae q. s. 

The nitrate of silver being reduced into fine pow» 
der in a glass mortar^ the crumb of bread most be 
added, and by means of a few drops of distilled watef 
a mass must be formed of uniform consistence, to be 
divided into twenty-four pills. 

This IS a convenient £&fva §oi adrntntsterrng tire 
nitrate of silver, as being less likely to d is or d er the 
stomach than in any other way. 

In several cases of noli me tangere which Jhave 
conie under my care, the argntti nkifaa has certainly 
produced moie good than any other medicine with 
which I am acquainted. In a case of this kind, wherer 
both the nostrils and the left under eye-lid had suf- 
fered materially, the ulcers going on to spread, the 
cheeks being thickly incrusted with honey -comb like 
scabs, from whence an acrid ichoious discharge was 
poured forth, fretting and inflaming the cutide of the 
whole face, and after a number of different remedies 
had been employed lo no purpose, these pills were pre- 
scribed 3 and a wash consisting of eight grains g( the 
same metallic salt, with eight ounces of eldef flower 



jye PHARMACOBBEIA 

water^ was recommended twice or three times a daj 
externally. 

A pill was directed to be taken night and morn- 
ing, gradually increasing one daily, till the patient 
took twelve in the day, six night and morning. Be- 
fore a week had elapsed some amendment was per- 
ceptible^ the patient observing that ** her face felt 
ipore dry than ever she had experienced it before, and 
drying things were always good for it." — After the ex- 
piration of two months under this plan, six pills being 
taken night and morning, which to the patient pro- 
duced a sensible glow in the stomach, and tended to 
keep the bowels in a soluble siate^ the disease had en- 
tirely given way^ the nostrils and eye-lid being per* 
fectly cicatrized overhand the incrustations of tbeebeeki 
all removed^ the cuticle looking clear and healthy. 



PILULE ARSENICI. 
ARSENIC PILLS. 

^ Oxydi arsenici albi recenter parati scrup. j. 
Fructus piperis nigri selecti drach. ij« 
Mucilaginls gummi acacise drach. iij. 

This is the famous Asiatic pill, which was pur- 
chased and made public by the English Literary Society 

at Calcutta. 

The oxyde of arsenic and black pepper are directed 

to be beat at successive intervals in an iron mortar for 



CHIRURGICA. 177 

foar days ; after which they are to be levigated on a 
marble slab into an impalpable powder, and then formed 
into a mass with the mucilage^ to be divided into 170 
pills^ of which the dose is one pill^ night and morn* 
ing^ for fifteen or twenty days. 

The following formula would appear to us much 
less operose and equally advantageous, 

R Oxydi arsenic! albi^ 
Potassae slib>carbonatis singulor, g^ x. 
AqusB distillatae drach. viij. 

These being put into a Florence flask and placed 
over a gentle fire^ the water is to be suffered to boil 
gently^ till it is reduced to three drachms^ afler which^ 
let it be filtered into a glass mortar, and by means of. 
crumb of bread form a mass to be divided into eighty- 
five pills. The arsenic pill is much celebrated in India 
and China^ as a specific for elephantiasis, even of the 
most inveterate kind ; for obstinate syphilitic eruptions ; 
for diseases arising from the continued and injudi- 
cious use of mercury -, for leprosy and cancer -, and 
for all glandular enlargements in strumous and cha* 
chectic habits. 

On the internal use of arsenic we have only to 
observe, that to us it has always appeared a most 

formidable and unmanageable remedy 3 and particularly 
"^ben .exhibited in any thing like a solid form, even in 
the most divided doses. 



I7« PHARMACOPOEIA 

PILULA COLOCYNTHIDIS. 
COLOCYNTH PILL. 

R Colocjnthidis extracti compositi drach. j. 
Sapotrit dracb. ss. 

Beat into a mass to be divided into twenty pills. 

PILULA COLOCYNTHIDfS COMPOSITA. 
COMFOV}iD COLOCYNTH PILL, 

R Extract! coloc}rothi^g cooiposilL 
Pihilx aloes cum tayirhi siogul. dracb. ss- 

Sent igm » mm to b« dirided )m& twt^te f»iH#. 

' PiLULA COLOCYNTHIDIS CUM HY- 
DRARGYRI SUBMtFRIATE. 

QOLOCYNTH PILL WITH SUBMU- 
RIJTE OF MERCURY. 

^ Extract! colocynthidis compositi g*" sliidiL. 
Hydrargjri submuriatis g*^ xij. 

Beat into a mass to be divided into twelve pills. ^ 

The intention of these three several formulae is 

sufficiently obvious ; they are all more or less purga- 



CHIRURGICA. 179 

tire, and must be resorted to as the surgeon may 
determine. 



PILULiE CONII CX>MPOSITA. 
COMPOUND HEMLOCK FILL. 

ft Hydiaigyri iubmnnalif g^ ku 
Extract! cooii drack. j. 
Camphors drach. ss. 
Spiritus rectificati, g^* v. 

Rnb the campiMdr witbihe tptrit tiU it be dissolved, 
after which add the submuriate of mercuiy and ex- 
tract of hemkxk; let the whole be theft beat into a 
mass^ to be divided into twenty-four pills* 

The above pills have been much cnkbrated in 
relieving spasmodic stricture; they are given in the 
sattA watfj, attd ireqa«Bt)y in the aaoie dboites at the 
ViMm Hydnrgyri sobBMirkfcia cti|». Conii tmlxae^, 
from which they only differ, virtually^ in the Jidditel 
ci tilt wumphor. 

PILULA BULCAMARiE. 
PILL OF BITTER-SWEET. 

^ Sulphured antiraonii drach. jss. 
Extracti stipitum dulcamarae unc ss, 
Palveris stipitum dulcamarae q. s. 

Beat the precipitated snlphuret of antimony and 



180 PHARMiVCOPOEIA 

extract of bitter-sweet till they are intimately incor- 
porated; after which, by the addition of the powder, 
make a mass of proper consistency to be divided into 
ninety pills. 

The dose of these pills isone> two, or three,' tmce 
or thrice in the day, in cutaneous affisctions, where the 
dulcamara has been recommended and found service- 
able. They may be made a very useful auxiliary to the 
decoction. See Decoctum Dulcamaras 



PILULA GUAIACI. 
PILL OF GUJiJCUM. 

R Guaiaci gummi-resinae drach. iij, 

Balsami Peruviani ql s. 

• . ...... 

Beat the guaiacum powder with the balsam till a 
proper mms is made ; which is to be divided into fbrty- - 
eight pills. 

Dose ij. ad iv. with each dose of the decoction if 
requisite; or^ alone, thrice in the day, in cases where 
this remedy is indicated. See Decoctum Guaiaci. 



CHIRURGICA. . l»l • 



PILULA GUAIACI COMPOSITA. 
COMPOUND PILL OF GUJIACUM. 

R Gummiresina; guaiaci drach. ij. 
Extract! opii g' vj. 
Hydrargyri sabmoriatis g'^ xij* 
Antimonii tartarizati g^ iv. 
Uncturae myrrhse q. s. 

The gam resin of guaiacum being well triturated 
with the hard extract of opiamj add the submiiriate of 
mercury and tartarized antimony, and with a sufficient 
quantity of the tincture of myrrh form a mass to be 
divided into thirty-six pills. 

i have known all the secondary symptoms of 
syphilis yield to these pills^ after a month or six weeks 
continuance of them^ when the more usual means had 
proved inefTectual. 

The dose^ two^ or three> night and morning. 



PILULA HYDRARGYRI. 
MERCURIAL PILL. (L.) 

R Hydrargyri purificati drach. ij. 
Confectionis rosae drach. iij. 
Glycyrrhizae pulveris drach. j. 

: f 

Triturate the mercuiy with the confection of roses 



l»l PHARMACOPOEIA 

tin the globules perfectly disappear ; after which add 
the liquorice powder, aod beat thi$ whole into aa unl* 
form mass. 

(JS.) 
Or, R Hy d fwrg y r i py r i f kari t 

Cbnfectionis loiae s'mgiilcK. vac. )• 
Aarjdi piilverit otte. 9. 

Or, R Hydrargyri puri^pati> 

Bxtracti glye^rrrhhBse, singoier. drtob. \^ 
P^iwf 18 g'lycyfii'jfut dracs. iM. 

The mode of £onmog th^ mercurial pUl^ at pM* 
scribed by the Edinburgh and DubHn Cokleg^, OMBt 
bc^ the sacsie as that diiected by the London Collie. 
The fidinbargh College dircicts tb^ inerciury lo be txitci* 
rated with the coniectioA of roaea, till the gjobukia per* 
fectly disappear, after which the starch ia to be added 
and the noass formed $ the PcMin CdiXoge diFCCta tibe 
mercury to be triturated with the extract of liquorice 
root softened with warm water to the consistence of 
honey^ till the same effect is produced > the liquorice 
root in fine powder is then to be added^ and the whole 
beat into a uniform mass. ^ 

The division of the mercury by the eeolection of 
roses is effected more readily and more permanently 
than by the extract of liquorice^ and as such would ap« 
pear to be a more certain remedy } the addition^ bow* 
ever, of tlM Uqaorke powder^ If the Lotn^ionOMegB, 



CHntUftOfCA. 18S 

is objected toby Dr. Duocan, on account of its extreme 
aptness to become mouldy^ but this is not the case 
profidedl Ibt fiquorloe povrder be not adidterated with 
some impfoper and spt»ric»us substance. The sBbsti- 
tuting of the powdered starch for the liquorice powder, 
as directed by the Edinbtirgfa College, gives the pill a 
much firmer consistency 5 but we should suppose that 
it renders it by keepings hard and brittle^ by which 
it is not improbable that the mercury may again run 
into its metallic state^ as is notoriously the case when 
it has l)een triturated and divided by a solution of the 
giiiBiS I BMM especially after kc^mig a leof tioie* The 
mercitfiai pill, m a medkiaal peist of view> is» perhaps, 
oa« €^ tkyt most c&ctua^ noeFOtrial pfCfARatieot for aff** 
ini^lties. It is« however, ocoMWD^stibiect to ritteff 
by the bowels, an eicct whkh iHwifiisiies the ceitaiirtf 
of the runedy, aad wM^cens the patictit To opiate 
tUaiiicxMaveiuence opium is gm^raUy^ added, 6em the 
<^iiaatky of a fourth of a grain to a gyaki. Two or three 
gptaias of rbuL^b powder e^ibked ei^ory aaotviiig fir 
a week will not lis^requeatly answer the lame end; or 
five, ten, or fifteen graloa of the compound powder. 
of ipecacikaBJftamay be given every n^M at bed^time : 
tjua will in general cocreet the incoovenience,. and ie» 
mwe any gtiping pains %sk the bowelsi 



184 PHARMACOPOEIA 



PILULAHYDRARGYRI OXYMURIATIS. 

. PILL OF OXY-MURUTE OF MER- 
CURY. 

5^Hydrargyri oxymuriatis g'.xv* 
Ammoniae muriaUs g' xjl. 
Aquae distillatae ferventis unc. $s« 
idlest paDis q. 8. 

The muriate of mercury being well nibbed in a 
glass^mortar with the muriate of ammonia, pour on the 
boiling water graduall/^ at)d a complete solution will 
be effected ; afterwards add a sufficient quantity of the 
crumb of bread to absorb all the fluid, which is to be 
well beat into a mass, to be divided into 120 pills. 

In forming these pills, and all others wherein 
anj metallic oxyde or salt is employed, a wooden^pa- 
tula should be employed instead of a metal one. The 
pills should likewbe be kept in liquorice, or fine hair- 
powder^ in preference to chalk or magnesia. 

The dose of these pills is one, night and morning: 
the stomach will, however, not unfrequently bear two 
of them at night ; and in some aggravated cases one 
may be administered in the middle of the day with ad- 
ditional benefit. 

The above formula was first presented to me by 
Dr. Curry, of<7uy*s Hospital 5 and recommended with 
great advantage in those cases wherein the liq;uor by- 



CHJRURGICA. 185 

drargyri muriatis is generally employed. The solution 
however is often found lo naus^ate, or produce some 
inconvenience in the stomach and bowels 3 an objection 
the pills are less liable to, as well on account of their 
gradual sohibility in the stomach, as that the corrosive 
state of the metallic salt is much corrected bylhe mu- 
cilaginous quality of the bread. 



riLULA HYDRAIIGYRI SUBMURIATIS. 

JULL or THE SVBMVRUTE OF 

MERCURY. 

f 

R Hydrii*gyri •ubmuriatU, pp, g' lij* 
Confectionii cynosbatii q, it ut fiaal pUula' 
xlj. 

The dose oftbese pills is one, twO| ormere^ night 
and morning, as the nature of the case may require, 
or as the patient's constitution .is able to bear. In 
syphilitic affections, however, the submuriate of mer* 
cury is best combined with opium in the generality of 
cases . See Hydrargy ri Submurias. 



s. 



IS5 PHARMACOPOEIA 

Or, 

PILULA HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIATIS. 

(L.) 

PILL OF SUBMURTJTE 
OF MERCURY; anciently PLVMMER'S 

PILL. 

Ifc Hydrargyri submoriatis, 
Antimonii sulphureti singulor. drach. j. 
Gkiaiaci gumcni-resine pulveris diacb. ij. 
Cop aibae q. a. ut £aDt pilulae 60. 

This we believe t0 be tke oiiginal recipe of Dr. 
Plummer^ Professor of Medicine in Edinburgh. It is 
given in tile new Pharmaeoperia of Dr. Dunean, under 
Ifke form of eonij^nd aotimoma] piB, and instead 
of the gum resin of guaiacum and eopaiba, the extract 
of gentian and Spanish soap* have been substituted $ 
and so far as regards the composition of the pill, this 
alteration is certainly for the better, but in a medi- 
clkial point of view, the formula as we have given it 
appears preferable. 

In the Pharmacopoeia of Guy*s HosfHtal three of 
these pills are directed to be taken night and morning, 
drinking after each dose a pint of the decoction of 
guaiacum. 

These pills have been long celebrated in leprosy, 
and in most cutaneous eruptions. I have repeatedly 
seen their great good effect in many casesof secondary 



CHIRURGICA. 187 

sypbilltip sya^oflM^ particularly when ^Ifibctiag the 
skin. They have been greatly recommcinded io slough* 
ing venereal buboes ; in gleets remaining after the cure 
of gonorrhoea 5 in pimply affections of the face ; in old 
ulcers of the legs, attetfded with a thin ichorous dis- 
charge^ and acconipanied with great pain and swelling ; 
in sciatica ; andia ail stages of syphiMs. Whey, Bristol 
water^ and decoction of the woods have been generally 
recommended at the stise ttaie, to bo taken pretty 
copiously. Under the action of such remedies, and 
indeed under all mer€uria]s> it is partiottlarly requisite 
to be careful against taking cold. 



miML\ HYDRARGYRI SU&MURLATIS 
CUM CONII BXTlUCra 

PlUa OF THE SUBMlTMUm. OF 
MERCURY WITH HEMLOCK. 

H^Hydrargyrlsubmuriatis gr. y}« 
Conii Extract!- drach. j. 
Misce — ^fiant pilulae xtj. 

In some indolent . scrofulous ulcers, in buboes of 
an equivocal character^and in incipient glandular swell- 
ings, this pill will be found highly advantageous. See 
John Pearson on the Venereal Disease > Kirkland*s 
Medical Surgery; and Justamond's Surgical Tracts, by 
^oulston. 



7 

I 
I 



188 PHARMACOPOEIA 

The doaeff from one to two, once, twice, or three 
times a day. 



PILULA SOD^ CUM SAPONE. 
SODA PILL WITH SOAP. 

R Sodse carbonatis drach. ij. 
Saponis drach.j. 
S/rupus zingiberis q. 8. 

Beat the loda, being first finely pttlverized^ with 
the loap, and with the lyrup of ginger iatm a mz», 
to be divided into forty-eight pilli . 

Three <x four of these pills may be taken twvot or 
three timet, in the day in calculous and nepbritic com- 
plaintsi where alkalies are indicated or found to afford 
relief. In' initability of the bladder^ accompanied with 
/painful micturition^ or a desire to pass the urine fre- 
quently, and which upon standing deposits a ropy puri- 
form sediment, these pills will often bei found very 
beneficial : as a useful auxiliary, a stong infusion of 
the uva ursi may be advantageously recommended 
' after each dose of the pills. 



eHIRURGICA. 189 

PILULA TEREBINTHIN^. 
. TURPENTINE PILL. 

R Tefebinthinae chiae drach. ij. 
Pulveris rhnbarbari drach. j. 
Balsaroi copaibae q. s. 

The turpentine being liquified in a water bath, stir 
into it the powder of rhubarb -, and when cold, beat up 
the mass with a sufficient quantity of the balsam of 
copaiba, so as to render it of a proper consistency for 
forming into pills of five grains each. This is one of 
the many select formulae taken from the Pharmacopoeia 
of Guy's Hospital. 

The d6se of these pills is from three to six, once 
or twice a day, in gleets and other afTectibns of the 
urinary drgans remaining after gonorriioea. , 



PILULA TEREBINTHIN^ COMPOSITA. 
COMPOUND PILL OF TURPENTINE. 

4 

R Terebinthiriae chiae 
Gummi olibani sing, drach. j. 
Ferri sulphatis scrap, jr 
Bals. Peruviani q. s. 

The gum olibanum and sulphate of iron being re- 
duced into fine powder, add the turpentine, and beat 
them into a mass^ with a sufficiency of the balsam of 



192 PHARMACOPOEIA 

A circular piece of adhesive plaster being pro- 
vided, sufficiently large to cover the whole of the 
abscess intended to be opened ^ upon the middle 
of it a number of narrow oblong pieces of the 
same adhesive are placed^ (the adhesive being out- 
ward,) at parallel distances, and crossing each other 
at right angles^ so as to form a sort of square 
with a hollow centre, in which the caustic is placed. 
This square being raised high enough to contain 
the caustic, the whole must be covered with ano- 
ther circular portion of adhesive, nearly the size of 
the original one, having a hole cut in the centre^ cor- 
responding to the hollow containing the caustic, and 
through which the caustic is intended to act upon the 
part to which it is applied. By this contrivance 
the danger of the caustic spreading and -destroying too 
great an extent of surface is in a great measure 
obviated. 

After the removal of the caustic, the common 
white bread and milk or linseed- meal cataplasm should 
be applied^ and renewed twice a day, till the eschar 
*feparate. 



CHIRURGICA. 193 

PULVIS HYDRARGYRI SUBSULPHATIS 

COMPOSITUS. 

COMPOUND POWDER OF SUBSUL- 
PHJTE OF MERCURY. 

R Hydrargyri subsulphatis g^ j, 
Pulveris asari drach. jss. 
Mbce. 

Divide the above quality of sub-sulpbate df mer- 
ciuy and powder of asarabacca^ being first intimately 
united^ into eight parts, ont^ of which may be used as 
an errhine once or twice in the day in cases of gutta 
Serena 3 in ozaena ^ and not unfrequently with advan- 
tage after the removal of polypi* 

PULVIS IPECACUANHA COM- 
POSITUS. (L.) 
COMPOUND POWDER OF 
IPECACUANHA. 

R Ipecacuanhsc radicis pulveris 

Opii purilicati, in pulverem triti, singolor. 

drach. y 
Potassee sulphatis unc j. 

Rub the purified opium into an impalpable pow« 
der with a sttiall quantity of the potash^ and gradually 



1^ PHAflMACOPOEIA 

throw in the remainder together with the powder of 
ipecacuan; taking eare that the mixture be Com- 
plete. The dose of this powdef is from eight to 
twenty grains. It is an admirabfS^ remedy for quiet- 
ing the bowels when affected by mercurial inunctiocis, 
or by the internal exhibition of that metal. It will 
be proper, not unfrequently, to direct small doses of 
this remedy at the time you may be employing mercury 
in any shape ; particularly if the patient's bowels be 
troubled with tormina or twitchings. In exanthema 
mercuriale it is often exceedingly proper, after evacua- 
tions, by its gently determining to the skin and by pro- 
coring rest. Given to the quantity of ten or fifteen 
grains, at the commencement of gonoriiioea, every 
night when the patient is going to rest, it will be found 
to prevent priapisms and chordee, or to lessen the 
pain arising from them. 



PULVIS MYRRHS. 
POWDER OF GUM MYRRH. 

I have seen the fine powder of gum myrrh of 
great service as a gentle stimulant to fistulous openings, 
and other ulcers about the verge of the anus ; and, 
indeed, to almost all ulcers which required gently 
stimulating ; more particularly in parts where there 
exists much cellular substance, or where pressure is 
inadmissible. 

A powder consisting of three parts of cinchona, 



CHIRURGICA, 

and one'^pul myrrh, was rerj geoeralljr and indeed 
very use^lly ecuployed by the older sorgeons^ for 
correcting an unhealthy discharge from a iatge opea 
surface ; for giving tone and action to indolent or ill 
conditioned sores ; and not unfrequently. for taking off 
any haeoiorrfaagic tendency, whether in old or recent 
ulcers or wounds^ arising from atony or debility. — It 
has likewise an excellent effect in removing the un- 
pleasant odour so frequently connected with such a 
state of parts. 



PULVIS HHABARBAHI 
POWDER OF RHUBARB. 

The powder of rhubarb has been much recom- 
mended by Mr. Holme, and others, as an external 
application to ulcers of a spongy natare j more parti- 
cularly if attended with an exuberancy of granulations, 
or when bearing a glassy aspect : the effect is that of 
a mild tonic astringent. We believe, however, that 
the nitric acid or the argenti nitrflt, are in general pre** 
ferable and more effectual 5 especially if pressure, as 
recommended by the practioe of Mr. Baynton, be had 
recourse to, which of itself will often answer every 
intention- 



& 2 



196 • * PHAHMACOPOEIA 

PULVK RHABMIBARI COMPOSITUS- 
COMPOUND POWDER OF RHUBARB. 

• 

Si Rhabarbari pulveris 

Sodae carbonatis singulor. uoc. J. - 
Calumbae.pulveris unc. ij. 
JMisce, 

Tbk pawder is mnch recoro mended in scrofulous 
enlargements of the glands^ and hi many eruptive com- 
plaints of an anomalous character. The dose is from a 
scruple to a drachm twice in the day^ administered in 
any convenient liquid: it should be given, however^ 
id such quantity as gently to act upon tlie bowels, and 
the practice should be followed up ^for some weeks. 

PULVIS RHABARBARI CUM HYDRAR- 
GYRI SUBMURIATE. 

POWDER OF RHVBJRB WITH SUB- 
MURIATE OF MERCURY. 

Pulveris rhabarbari 'unc.j. 

Hydrargyri subinuriatiii, 

.Ziogiberis radicis pulveris sliig. drach. ij. 

JSllisce. 

The dose from twelve to fifteen or twenty grains, 
administered as a brisk purge. 

In some cases jalap may be advantageously substi^ 
tuted<£n:<the rhubacb. 



V ^ 






V. 



CHIRUR6PCA{ • m 



PULVIS RHABARBARI CUM JAXAtA, 
I^VIVDJLR OF RHU\BAn B WITH. 
'. JALA^. ■ '. 



« • < # » 



RRhabarbarf pulyerisdrach. yj, 
Jalapse pulveris upc. ss. 
Zingiberis pulveris drach. iss« 
Miscc* 

This is in general a mild and effectual purgatife. 
The dose is fro^i fifteen grains to half a drachm or a 
ch-achm^ as occasion may point out. 



PULVIS §ABINiE COMPOSITUS. 
COMPOUND POWDER OF SAFIN. 

Be Folionim sabinae pulveris unc. ij. 
Acetatis cupri, 
Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi singulor. unc. ss, . 

The nitric-oxyde of mercury and yprdegris being 
reduced to fine powder, add the savin, and let the 
whole be well mixed. 

This powder has been greatly eelebrated for de- 
stroying venereal warts : they will however frequ^tly 
require extirpation with the scissars, after which this 
powder sprinkled on them, will very generally prevent 
their return. 



2. /:■ 



198 PHAIMACOPOEIA 



f 



fVX.YlS SODM SULPHATIS COM- 
POS ITUS. 

COHPOVND POWDER OF SULPHATE 

OF SOD J. 

JtSodae sulphatis unc. j. 
Potassae nitratis drach. ij^ 
Misce. 

The above quantity being pulverised and well 
mixed, may be divided into nine powders^ of which one 
may be exhibited three or four times « day in common 
gruel, barley water, or linseed infusion 5 some prefer 
as a vehicle for administering this i^owder, a solution of 
gum acacise. Notwithstanding we have no specific 
remedy for the cure of gonorrhoea, yet the nitre and 
soda in the above proportions, and given in such quan- 
tity as to determine to the kidnies rather than the 
bowels, appear to produce more relief by lessening 
the irritability of the urethra aud diminishing the 
stimulating, nroperties of the urine, than most other 
remedies : imlecd I liav;je often seen gonorrhoeas which 
had continued for a length of time, giving great dis- 
tress and uneasiness to the patient, completely cured bv 
i\\e above m^ans in a few days. 



CHIRUAGICA. 499 

PULVIS UV^ URSl COMPOSITUS. ^ 
COMPOUND FOWDER OF UFA URSL 

Br Pulveris uvae ursi unc. j, 
Sod« carbocatis udc. if. 
Misce, 

The dose is from fifteen^ grains to a drachm^ twice 
or three tiroes in the day. It is greatly recommended 
in nephritic and cthier affections orthe bladder. 

TEREBINTfllN^ OLEUM. 
OIL OF TURPENTINE. 

The oil of turpentine is a strong stimulant. It is 
om etimes used as a styptic to stop bleeding, particu- 
larly where (he haemorrhagy proceeds from an atonic 
state of the vessels ; as from loose spongy granulationst 
from varicose veins, or cancerous sores. Within these 
late years, it has obtained great celebrity, as one of 
the roost effectual remedies in the cure of burns and 
^caliU. 



200 PHARMACOPOEIA 

TINCTURA BENZOIN I COM PCS IT A. (L.) 

COMPOUND TINCTURE OF GUM 

BENJAMIN. 

^ Benzoin! unc. iij. 

Styracis balsamt colati unc. ij. 
Balsami tolotani unc. j. 
Aloes spicatae extract! unc. ss^ 
Spiritus recti ficati O. ij. 

Macerate for fourteen days and-straln* 

This tincture was held in high repute as an inter- 
nal remedy^ with some of our former sui^eons ; being 
considered ^n excellent vulnerary and corrector of acri- 
mony, both in internal and external wounds and 
bruises. 

This practice, however, has ^len to the ground, 
with the ideas that gave rise to it; and the tincture of 
Benjamin is now only employed as an external covering 
to superficial cuts, or slight lacerated wounds, at least 
by surgeons. 

TINCTURA CINCHONiB. (L,} 
TINCTURE OF CINCHONA. 

R Cinchonae lancifoliae corticis contriti, unc. vij^ 
Spiritus tenuiorls O. ij. 

Macerate for fourteen days and strain.. 



CHIRURGICA. 261 

The college have here considerably increased the 
ffuantity of the ctnchona bark to the proportion of spirit. 
It is, however, only to be considered as an auxiliary to 
the bark in substance. 

The dose is from a drachm to half an ounce. 



TINCTURA FER:Rl AMMONIATL (E/) 
JMM0NI,JC:4L TINCTURE OF IRON. 

g! Ferri ammoniati unc. iv. 
Spiritus tenuioris O. j. 

Macera & cola. 

This preparation, as I>. Duncan observes^ is merefyr 
a solution of the ammowiated iron in proof spirit. 1 
have often seen this tincture administered in strumous 
and rickety atFections with much benefit to the patient, 
more particularly to children. The usual dose to an 
adult, is from ten drops to the quantity of a drachm^ 
to be taken in warm water twice or three times in the 
day. 

Probably the best rule <^ regulating the exhibitioir' 
of this remedy, like all others- which are apt to nauseate 
or disordeit the stomach, is to begin witH small doses^ 
and gradvLdlly to increase the dose as far as is admis* 
sible without exciting; muoh inconvenience to the 
patient. 

The late Mr. Justamond very strenuously advocated 
tlid.'use of the ammoniacal iron iiv.«cirrhusr and eadCor^ 

K 5 



202 PHARMACOPOEIA 

and in most other glauduhr nffoctions, administer- 
ing it to an extent scarcely credible wiib those who 
have not gone far ont of the usual rontine of r.xhibiVing^ 
several of the metallic preparations, or with such as feel 
alarmedirt deviating from the practice of giving minute 
and divided doses of any active remedy. Mr. Justamond^ 
fcowever, much as he excelled in the treat mt-nt of such 
disorders, appears to have gone too far into the praise 
of this preparation) especially when he gave it rn con- 
firmed scirrhits or open cancer, under an impression 
that he was in possession of a remedy somewhat d(»^rv- 
ing the appellation of a specific against these most formi- 
dable of all human ills in the shape of disease. So far 
as I have had an opportunity of witnessing the influence 
which thb, or any other metallic or vegetable prepara- 
tion possesses over true scirrhus or cancer^ at least in a 
curative point of v\e^, I am sorry to observe, that I 
befieve no benefit whatever is, or ever will be, obtained 
fspm medicine internally exhibited : that is, benefit 
cfi^^l^al and permanent. Such is the opinion of some 
itf o«}r 'first surgeons and physiologists, which 1 fear 
)m\\ be nacre strengthened in proportion as the na- 
lipf apid coqstitiJtiofl of the parts so diseased are ex- 
iJtdCTjt. tl*tr>y "n'r"*"- dissection, after extirpation or 
ICfi^i^ IrQDa the sound parts. If we are to con- 
sider atiritas as a disease of disorga&is^ stmctiire, 
ill^d begiiming in a part over which the living prin- 
^^ has comparatively little influence^ uncofmected 
i|||h any spfccl^c person in the habit acting oii Ibis par- 
ticular fait, aod iga«ial w^cii .the aniaiail s«ltA is 



CHIRURGICA. 203 

incapable of defending itself, diher in preventing ft 
further increase, or in throwing off the disease through 
the means of any remedy 5 which scirrhus, without 
removal, wiil soon run into an open sore, generating a 
dis'harge in some instances as dangerous as the poison 
of the rattle -snake, which, after destroying the dis- 
eased parts, goes on to act with equal violence on the 
adjoining substance, or into which state the adjoining 
substance immediately falls, whether it be gland, cel- 
hilar substance, muscle, skin, blood-vessel, or nerve; 
it would seem inconsistent wilh the laws of pathology 
and therapeutics, tljat any internal remedy should be 
capable of acting upon such a disease: for fio medi- 
cine can produce resolultion in an enlargt- d disorganised 
substance, but through the medium of the absorbents, 
and here is a complaint in which not only the functions 
of the absorbents are obliterated, but the vessels them- 
selves entirely diseased, and in such a state as not .to be 
influenced by any power which the system can exercise 
over then?. 

How far the disposition to the complaint may be 
put a stop to before it has produced an alteration in 
the functions incompatible with restoration, is what 
we have seldom the means of judging of; for the dis- 
ease is not of;en discovered till this opportunity is gone 
by. How far a recurrence is to be prevented, •iter 
the diseased part has been removed by the surgeon, 
is at the present day a matter of speculative hypothesis 
•nd mere opinion, and must for ever renoain so, tiH 
pathology has discovered to us the true natufe of the 



lAOi PHARMACOPOEIA 

malady, or at least so far illustrated its character that 
we are nojonger in doubt as to its coostitutiou aud 
cause. 

In glandular enlargenaents^ however, whether re- 
sulting from mere ()ebilicy or depending upon some 
strumous afteciion y whether as a consequence of pre- 
vious inflammation or originating out of slow and gra« 
dual obstruction -, the ammoniacal iron, and several of 
the other preparations of iron,, acting as remedies which, 
quicken Uie circulation and impart a degree of tone to 
the living tibre,. will not uufrequently be fbund highly 
beneficial, often producing a complete resolution of 
the enlargement. We sefe the same results daily from, 
the judicious exhibi^on. of mercury in such com- 
plaints; sometimes by giving the alkalies; often by 
cinchona f by a change of air and diet ; or in short by 
whatever accelerates the circulation and imparts strengths 
to the constitution. Tcue scirrhus may, sometimes, be 
kept under by a vigorous adoption of such suitable 
means as have been recommendtd and proved by mea 
©f the first eminence. Cancer may be meliorated by 
j)roper external dressings,, and by mild and easy appli- 
cations. . Tiie constitution may, for a longeror shorter 
time, be assisted and supported, so as to bear up, in a 
degree, against the eneroachments of the one, or this 
destructive ravages of the other y but I believe the onljr 
probable relief for an advancing scirrhus is the knife-f 
and the best possible treatment for a cancer, aft^rit 
has got to ihit state as to foibid rtmoval, is to ende^- 
loui to give the patient as much ease and supports* 



CHIRURGICA. 2OT 

mtfy he, by a proper and discretional use of those re* 
iiiedies, bdh external and interna^ which are found 
most to relieve and .i&suage bodily pain> and to quiet 
xuen»al suflfering.* 



TIXCTURA FERRI MURIATIS. (L.} 

MURIATED TINCTURE OF /UOAL 

• 

Be Ferri carbonatis O. ss. 
Acidi muriatici O. j, 
Spiritus rectiiicati O. iij. 

Poor the muriatic acid upon the carbonate of iro^ 
rn a glass vessel, and allow the mixture to stand three 

«* " Benign Scirrhus," (says the scientific Pearson, in his 
Principles of Sure:ery, a Book which 1 hope every Surgeon in the 
Kingdom is in possession ot,) ** is to be preserred from assuming 
a MALIGNANT FORM by, Jst, Low and Vegetable Diet-^2dly, By 
saline purgatives, at due intecvais-^Sdly,. By the application 
of Leeches, under proper regulations -^ 4thly, By avoiding all 
violent emotions of the Mind — 3thly, By supporting, or defend- 
ing, the part from injury and irritation, by mesCDs properly adapted 
to the sitiKinon of the disease— »thly, By sohitioYis of Lead, com- 
bined with Alcoholv which have been., found beneficial in alle- 
viating pain. But we would protest against the man, who by 
trusting to, or. trifling with any remedies,, in' anxxtemal Scirrhus, 
where all appearances favour the expectation of permanent advan- 
tage from the removal of it, makes his patient Icse an opportunitji 
thaf can never be recaUed*" 



203 PHARMACOPOEIA 

or faat days, occasioiu^lly agitating the Hqaor with a 
wooden spatula ; after which it must f)e carefully poured 
off from the faces and the spiiit added. 

As an external application the muriated tincture of 
iron is a very strong styptic, possessing both stimulating 
and escharotic properties in a powerful degree. Applied 
to the extremities of bleeding vessels both m cancerous 
sores and loose spongy fungi and excrescences, it will 
ofteu succeed in stopping the hapmorrhagy. J have 
seen it of use in removing some of those marks upon the 
skin, denominated NcBvi: also in destroying the roots 
of such excrescences as frequently proceed from the 
gums and alveolar processes, the greater part of their 
^ttbstance having been first removed by ligature. 

As an internal remedy, in a surgicil point of view, 
the tinctura ferri muriat.s has obtained great celebrity 
with some, for the removal of spasmodic stricture in the 
urethra, and for relieving rett- ntion of urine from the 
same cause. We believe Mr. Cline was the first who 
employed it with this intention, giving ten drops in a 
glass of warm water eyery ten minutes, till a rej^olution 
of the spasm look place. It certainly mny, occasion- 
ally, be found a very powerful antispasa[H)dic,^by the 
influence which it exercises over the stomach; and 
more particularly, perhaps, ki affectioas of the urinary . 

organs. 

Might it not be found serviceable ih some cases of 
gravel and stone, when the concretion has been fouml 
to consist principally of phosphate of lime, as is not'uo- 
frequently the case ? 



y 



CHIRURGrCA. 30f 

The usual dose to an adult is from fifleen to fortf 
drops in a glass of warm water^ twice or oftcoer in tht 
day. 



TiSCTURA GUAIAC[ AMMONIATI. (L.) 

AMMONIATED TINCTURE OF 

4 GUAIACUM. 

* ' " •' 

ft Guaiaci gummi-restnae contritae unc. iv. 
Spiritas ammoniac aromatici O. tss. 
Macerate for fourteen days and strain. 

- The guaiacum tincture is a heating stimulating me- 
dicine. It is often serviceable in the cure of old indo* 
lent ulcers, where the habii requires energy and vigour. 

The dose is from a drachm to half an ounce^ in warm 
water, gruel, or barley water, twice a day, or oftener. 



TINCTURA LYTT^. (L.) 
TINCTURE OF LYTTA. 

B( Lyttnmm contusarum dracb. iij, 
Spiritus tenuioris O.ij. 

Macerate for /ourteen days and strain. 

The tfnctofe t( the blitt^rtng-fly possesnes all the 
irtitating and medicinal properties of the insect, and 
is tucb is Bet nafirtfaeolly tosde use of iHcoigaDetiefi 



^G8 P»ARMACOPOBIA 

vfiih other stimalantsof a milder character, as a rube* 
iacient and stimulant. It is Kkewise conjoined witk 
unguents, for the purpose of keeping up a discharge 
from a part already abraded. 

As an internal remedy^ great caution is requisite in 
the exhibition of it. It has been found, however, t» 
carry off the i\emains of a gleet both safdy and effectu- 
ally, after other remedies had pro%*ed ineffectual; as 
likewise to cure fluor albus^ and to put a stop to increased 
discbarges from the vagina. It has been given with, 
effect in diabetes ; also in partial and general paralytic 
debility. See Vol. I. of the Edinburgh Medical Jour- 
nal. The usual dose is from ten to thirty drops, twice 
or three times a day, in any^ convenient vehicle; but it 
has latterly been given in much greater quantity. 



^TmCTUKA MYRRHiE (L.) 
TINCTURE OF MYRRH. 

_ • * • • 

R Myrrh» contosee unc. iij. 
Spiritos i^ctificati unc. xxij. 
Aquae distillatae O. iss. 

Macerate for fourteen days and strain. 

The tiijcture of myrrh is a. heating, ^tinpHlanl* 
It is often found a very useful application to sordid- 
ulcers, and to caries of the bones, either alone of di- 
kited with waters used with any of the calcareous 
UK>th-powders, by dropping afewdropS'U^on the tootb> 



CHIRURGrCA. 209 

brush. It is thought by some of our best dentnts to 
preserve the teelb> by giving tone and £rmnegs i% the 
gams» 



TINCTURA OPII. (L.) 
TINCTURE OF OPIUM. 

R Opii duri contriti unc, iiss. 
Spiritus tenuioris O. ij. 
Macerate for fourteen days and strain. 

The strength of this solution is here reduced t« 
a less degree of certainty by using the unpurified 
opium. 

The dose is from fifteen to fifty drops, as often as 
occasion may require. See the article opium, 

A vinous solution of opium has been much recom- 
mended in some chronic and strumous opthalmies : 
one or two drops to> be instilled into each inflamed eye. 



UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII TAR- 

TARIZATl. 

OINTMENT OF TJRTJRIZED JN- 

TIMONY. 

g! Anlimonii tartarizati drach. jss^ 
Ctraii cetacti uuc. j. 
Miscc 



210 PHARMACOPOEIA 

This ointment is mtsch celebrated for the relief of 
deep-seated cbronic pains and inflamnoations in the 
neighbourhood of the joints. Its operation after a. time 
is very peculiar^ producing small distinct pustular in- 
flammations, which soon terminate in maturation. 
After the full effect of the ointment has been produced, 
a common bread and milk poultice shoald be applied, 
and as soon as the parts are healed the ointtnent should 
again be had recourse to. It is often necessary to con* 
tinue this alternate plan for a \^ long period^ but It 
is generally with a happy result. 



UNGUENTUM ARSENICI. 
OINTMENT OF ARSENIC. 

R Oxydi arsenic! pulveris dracb. j. 
Adipis suillae^ 
Cerati cetacei singulor. drach. vj. 

Melt the hog*s lard and cerate of spermaceti over 
a nlow fire; after which pour the melted fluid upon the 
oxyde of arsenic in a glass mortar, and triturate till 
the whole is intimately united. 

This is a powerful srimulant and corrosive. It is 
sometimes used to destroy the surface of cancerous 
sores, or that species of ulcer denominated Lupus. I 
have known it applied to an incipient chancre with 
good effect -, it requires, however, great caution when 
used. 



CIIIRURGICA. 2H 

UNGUENTUM JERUGINIS. 
OINTMENT OF VERDIGRIS. 

R ^ruginis praeparatac palveris 
Hjdrargyri submuriatis lingijlor. drach. j. 
Ccrati resiuae uric. j. 
Terebiiitbioae venet« unc. ss. 

Melt the cerate of resin, and add the turpentine i 
t after which stir in the verdigris and calomel in a state 
€f previous commixtare and kvigation. 

This ointnoent is recommended to general notice as 
a cure for the tetter or ring worm, which latterly has 
sfaewB itself in several families and schools^ both in 
the metropolis and in different parts of tb^ cottitCsjF. It 
is said to have been imported into this island from the 
East Indies. Its seat is the hairy scalp, and the ob- 
jects of its attack are children from infancy to the age 
of puberty. 

It would seem, from the opportunity afforded me 
of judging, to present itself under several forms : but 
- whether arising out of some difference of its infectious 
principle, or from constitutional peculiarity to be va- 
riously affected, I cannot determine. These different 
species appear remediable by means more or less mild 
and disagreeable : the aggravated kind of tetter, how- 
ever, has hitherto resisted, under my care, all attempts 
at cure, except when treated with the Unguentum 
^rugrnis, which I have not yet seen fail. In one 
species of the complaint, the first sign which pre- 
sents itself is a discolouration of the hatr^ it loses its 



1 212 PHjAUM ACOPOEI A 

brightness, assumes a dingy yellowish hue, and ^If^ 
off. The scalp soon becomes rough and pvifly, and 
somewhat elevated, with desquamation of the cuticle. 
This species^, beginning first at appoint, spreads ra- 
pidly, takes on a circular fornFi, and leaves an un- 
healthy bald blotch. In another species^ the tetter 
creeps along the scalp in irregular lines, destroying 
the hair in its progress. In some cases the hair ap- 
pears to fall off without any affection of the scalp; 
but upon examination it will be found much whiter 

•than natural, with a degree of tsi^Dsparent glossi- 
ness. To these several forros-I have generally seen one 
or other of the following formulae-suceeed ^ the Lolio 
VotmssR Sulphureti, the Lotio Picis, the Lotio Sol- 
phuris, the Lotio Hydrargyri Oxymuriatis. Under all 

, circumstances the head should* be kept quite eld9& 
shaved ^ and the ap{^icatioD which may be employed 
should be used night and morning. In some instances 
a solution of lunar caustic has cured the disease verjr 
readily, used in the proportion of a drachm to an ounee 

. of watev. After the tetter has been covered a few 
times with the solution,, at intervals of one or two days, 
and the eschars separated,, the scalp beneath will, if a 
cure be effected, appear sound and healtby>: indeed 
it would almost seem desirable to the species of ring- 
worm above described, to make use of the caustic wash 
as a preliminary means. The aggravated kind of 
tetter is very different from any of the preceding : very 
difHcult of cure, and most distressing to the patient. 
Even with the use of the Unguoutum ^ruginis, the 



CHIRURGICA. 2M 

• 

latest pbssible care and attention are requisittej and 
Mt for a continuance with some patients almost 4m^ 
3ssible to be complied witb. If» however^ theTemedy 
n>ve certain in its ef^ects^ neither the length of time 
ecenary to compleie a ciire^ nor the unpleasantness 
F it can be thought any consideration 5 especially if 
laced in comparison with so loathsome a disease. 

In the greater number of cases where the ointment 
as been tried (and in all it has succeeded), the dis- 
lae had previously advanced to a formidable state. I 
aye, however, had opportunities of observing this kind 
f tetter from its first commencement. A small speck 
f erostaceous noatter is observed adhering to some part 
f the scalp, generally, I think, on that part which 
overs the occipital bone. In this crustaceous coat, 
jEhich appears to form an eschar in the scalp, one 
r more hairs are enveloped, which are so ck»ely 
nited to it as to appear almost inseparable. Indeed 
bere can be no doubt but that the matter is secreted by 
be hair or hairs so encircled ; for, if eradicated, they 
irill be found in a state of disease, their base being 
bickened, semi-transparent, and connected with a 
mall globular speck of black shining matter, which ii\ 
ome cases appears adhering Isy a peduncle, and in 
ithers encircled as it were, in part, by tlie extremity of 
he hair. If this coating of crustaceous matter be re- 
noved with the point of a probe, and the diseased 
lairs eradicated, the tetter, too frequently, -soon re-ap- 
learsj and ihat occasionally with iDore virulence. Re- 
Doving the incrusted m^tter^ and completely destroying 



2U PHARMACOPOEIA 

the abraded turface of the scalp, whether with a soIq- 
tion of Nitrate of Silver, or bjr any other escharotic, has 
hitherto disappointed my expectations of percnaneDt 
relief. In conducting the core of this species of tetter 
by the preceding preparation of verdigris, it is necessary 
that the scalp be kept close shaved, and that the head be 
washed clean every night with warm soap and water, 
and afterwards with bran and water, and then mbbed 
perfectly dry. The ointment may be applied either on 
lint, thinly spread, or it may be rubbed on with the 
finger: an oil-skin cap should likewise be worn during 
the whole time the ointment is used. 

It is further necessary to observe, that the use of 
this ointment in some cases is apt to fret and irritate 
Ihe skin : often producing an erysipelatous affection, 
and exciting small pustular eruptions : should this 
circumstance occur it will be proper to discontinue the 
preparation^ and to make use of some slight astringent 
wash, once or twice in the day, with a little mild oint' 
ment at bed-time ; very frequently these latter means 
having carried off the erysipelas and eruption, the ori- 
ginal complaint will be found to have been cured. 

UNGUENTUM CER^. 
WJX OINTMENT. 

Cerae fiavae unc. vj. " 
Olei oliv2 O. j. 

Melt over a slow fire, and s^tate briskly till ^d. 
This is a mild unetuoos^coveHtig. 



CHIRURGIC^. 21^ 



UNGUENTUM CONII. 
OINTMENT OF HEMLOCK. 

Re Conii foliorum contusorum lib. j. 
Adipis prxparatae lib. iss. 

Melt the hog*s lard over a slow fire and throw in 
the bruised hemlock ; after which boil gradually till the 
leaves become friable^ when the melted iluid must be 
strained and expressed. 1 his ointment is often found 
an excellent covering for irritable, scroph ulcus, and 
painful sores. It may be found a useful auxiliary to the 
internal use of Hemlock, in that species of ulcer which 
attacks the toes and fingers at their line of junction 
with the foot and hand > likewise in spreading irritable 
sores of whatever character. 



UNGUENTUM ELEMI COMPOSI- 

TUM. (L.) 

eOM POUND OINTMENT OF GUM. 

ELEMI. , 

It Elemi lib. j. 
Terebinthinse vulgaris unc, x. 
Sevi prsparati lib. ij. 
Olei olivae unc. ij. 

Melt the elerol and mutton suet over a gentlein'e; 



21^ PHARMACOPOEIA 

after which stir in the turpentine and oil, and strain 
through linen. 

This is a stimulating digestive ointment. It may 
be usefully employed for promoting a discharge from 
issues and setons. 



UNGUENTUM GALLiE COMpOSITUM. 
COMPOUND OINTMENT OF GALLS, 

ft (rallarum puWeris drach. ij. 
Opii purificati duri pulveris drach. j. 
Liquoris plumbi acetatis drach. ^« 
Adipis praeparatae 
Cerati cctacd aa unc. )• 

T\^ hog*s lard and mutton suet being melted to* 
getber over a slow fire, the powder of galls and opium, 
previously mixed, is to be gradually sprinkled in, and 
the liquor of acetate of lead added ; after which the 
ointment is to be stirred till it is cold. 

This is a mild astringent application, and admirably 
suited for haemorrhoids, and some superficial ulcera- 
tionsof the surface, where the granulations are too 
luxuriant, or the discharge too profuse — mixed with an 
equal portion of wax ointment a good application is 
formed for burns and scalds, where the cutis has 
been destroyed and the active stage of inflammation 
gone by. 



CHIRURGICA. 217 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI FOR- 

TIUS. (L.) 

JSTRONGER OINTMENT OF MER- 

CURY. 

52 Hydrargyri puri£cati lib. ij, 
Adipis praeparatae unc. xxiij« 
Sevi praeparati unc. j. 

Triturate the mercury with the prepared suet and 
a small portion of the lard^ till the globules perfectly 
disappear ; after which add the remainder of the lard^ 
and let the whole be intimately mixed. 

This is the stronger ointment of quicksilver as pre* 
pared by the London College. It is requisite that the 
trituration be constant and uniform^ and continued in 
the first instance till the globules are perfectly extin« 
guished, and afterwards tiM the ointment is intimately 
mixed. 

Several of our first chyralsts have supposed that the 
strength of this preparation depends greatly upon the 
quantity of sebacic acid in the lard, owing to the 
more complete oxydisement of the metal; and that 
if old rancid lard were employed we should be in pos« 
session of a much stronger mercurial preparation. It is 
certain that if a small quantity of old mercurial oint^ 
ment be employed with the mutton suet in the first 
kistance, the extinction of the quicksilver is much more 
rapid and effectual. The London College directs a 



218 PHARMACOPOEIA 

milder ointment of quicksilver to be formed^ by adding 
to the stronger kind double the quantity of hog*s lard. 
Camphor, in the proportion of a drachm to an 
ounce of the ointment^ is sometimes added in order to 
render this application more stimulating, and to pro- 
mote the absorption of mercury. 

What Dr. Duncan observes on this head however 
is extremely pertinent and proper. 

'* These ointments are principally employed^ not 
with a view to their topical action, but with the iilten- 
tion of introducing merqury in an active' state into the 
circulating system, which may be efiftcted on the sound 
skin of any part by gentle friction, particularly on the 
inside of the legs and thighs. For this purpose, these 
simple ointments are much better suited than the more 
compounded ones with turpentine and the like, formerly 
employed; for by any acrid substance topical inflam- 
mation is apt to be excited, preventing further frictio|a, 
and giving much uneasiness. 

'' To avoid this, it is necessary, even with the 
mildest and weakest ointment, td change occasionally 
Ihe place at which the friction is employed.** 

He further observes, that '' it is requisite the oint- 
ments in which the mercury is extinguished by tri- 
turation, should be prepared with very great care; 
for upon, the degree of triture which has been em* 
ployed, the activity of the mercury very much depends.** 
For the purpose of inducing salivation by mercarial 
inunction for the cure of the venereal disease, I have 
generally leen sffi ointment eonosting of equal portions 



CHIRURGICA. 219 

^ the stronger ointment of mercury and hog*8 lard made 
use of; of this, two drachms or half an ounce, rubbed 
well in at^oing to bed, the patient wearing flannpl^ 
keeping his room, and living upon a milk diet, will, 
in general, excite full and copious ptyalism in eight or 
twelve days, and frequently in a much shorter period. 
It should however be recollected, that much depends 
upon the state and constitution of the patient, and upon 
the continuance and quantity of the disease. 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRA- 

TIS. (L.) 

ONTMENT OF NITRATE OF MER- 
CURY. 

R Hydrargyri purificati unc. j. 
Acidi nitrici unc. ij. 
Adipis praeparatdD unc. vj. 
Olei olivae unc. iv. 

Pour the nitric acid upon the mercury in a glass 
retort, placed under an open chimney, and when the 
solution is complete, mix it, while yet hot, with the 
lard and oil liquified together, and stir with a wooden 
spatula till cold. 

This ointment is a strong stimulating application. 
It is in great celebrity for curing ophthalmia tarsi, 
smeared upon the cilia every night at bed*time ; like- 
wise for chronic scrophulous ophthalmia, applied to the 

X 2 



OM PHARMACOPOEIA. 

^rgid vessels of the tunica adnata by means of a earners 

liair brash. I have often seen it used with success for 
lemoving a thickening and opacity of the cornea. 

It may occasionally be softened with a little almond 
oil^ or diluted with an equal portion ef wax oint* 
jxient. 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRICO 

OXYDI. (L.) 

OINTMENT OF NITRIC OXYDE OF 

MERCURY. 

t(i Hydrargyri nitrico oxydi unc« j^ 
Cerae albae unc. ij. 
Adipis praeparatae unc. yj. 

To die melted lard and wax add the nitric oxyde of 
merairy finely pulverised; 



UNi3UENTUM HYDRARGYRI GXIDI- 

RUBRI. (E.) 

OINTMENT OF RED^OXIDE OF MER^ 

CURY. 

R Adipis suillae unc. j. 
Hydrai^ri oxidi rubji drach. j. 
Misce. 



CHIRURGICA. 221 

This quantity may be mixed ^by trituration on a 
marble slab; if a larger quantity be prepared at once, 
it will be necessary to liquify the lard over a gentle 
fire, and then add the red oxide of mercury, stirring 
tke mixture till cold. In either case the red oxide 
should be .very minutely pukerised. 

The formula here given is that of the Edinburgtr 
College. We may remark, however, that we have 
often felt regret that a formula of unguent, containing 
the red oxide of mercury (formerly the red nitrate) for 
its base, should have been omitted in our late London 
Pharmacopoeia* The present college, apparently sen- 
sible of this deficiency, have given us a formula simitar 
in strength to that of the Edinburgh, under the title of 
** Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitrico-oxidi,** making the 
preparation of firmer consistency by adding a portion 
of white wax to a diminished quantity of hog*s lard^ 
which we think an improvement. 

The remarks of Dr. Duncan under this formula', 
in his very excellent Dispensatory, have been so oftcB 
verified by our own observations, that it would be doing 
injustice to' a work which stands unrivalled for ge- 
neral utility in its kind, not to quote them. 

*' The Unguentum Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri is ati» 
excellent stimulating ointment, often of very great ser- 
vice in indolent ill-conditioned sores, when we wish to 
excite them to greater action. As an eye ointment its ef- 
fects are most remarkable in the cure of all inflammations 
of the tunica conjunctiva, and more particularly when 
there is a thickening and swelling of the inner mem/- 

L 3 



222 PHARMACOPOEIA 

brane of the palpebrae. In such cases it seems to act 
with much greater certainty^ if applied immediately 
after the eye-lids have been scarified. In iDflammation^ 
accompanied with specks, it has a most powerful effect 
in removing both. It is also useful in all those oph- 
thalmias which so frequently appear after small-pox, 
measles, and eruptive diseases of the hairy scalp.*' 

Mr. Wasse, an eminent practitioner in the bo- 
rough town of Thirsk, in the north riding of Yorkshire, 
is in the habit of using an ointment similar to this of 
the Edinburgh College^ with the addition of the 
liquor pliimbi acetatisj I believe the proportions 
are a drachm of the water of acetate of lead to an 
ounce of the unguent. Under the fostering care of 
this gentleman I iiad abundant opportunity of wit- 
nessing the superior efficacy of this form of ointment 
in all those affections noticed by Dr. Duncan^ during the 
early period of my surgical and medical education ^ nor 
shall I ever forget to appreciate with due value the 
general instruction and practical information which I 
received under the care and guidance of this good 



GHIRURGICA. 223 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI SUB- 

MURIATIS. 

OINTMENT OF SUBMURIATE OF 

MERCURY. 

R Hydrargyri subpauriatis drach. j. 
Cerati cetacei unc. j. 
Misce. 

See Hydrargyri Submorias. 



UNGUENTUM PICIS ARIDiE. (L.) 
OINTMENT OF PITCH. 

R Picts aridsB. 
Cerae flavae. 

Resins flavae sinjralor anc. ix. 
Olei olivse lib. j. 

Liquify together over a gentle fire^ and strain through 
linen. 

This ointment is a powerful digestive and strong 
stimulaot. 



224 PHARMACOPOEIA 

UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDiE. (L.) 
OINTMENT OF TAR. 

R Picis liquidae. 
Sevi praeparati^ singulor. lib. j. 

Melt together and fltrain through linen.. 

This ointment has been much extolled for remov- 
ing tcttery eruptions, and for curing some species of 
breakings out of the haiiy scalp greatly resembling 
tinea. 

Both the above ointments, as likewise the cerate of 
ysilov;' rosinj have been much used and recommended 
a^ good digesiives^-^ihe practice, however, of employ- 
ing these forms of ointment is now nearly exploded. 



, UNGUENTUM PLUMBI ACETATIS 

COMPOSITUM. 

COMPOUND ONTMENT OF ACE- 
TATATE OF LEAD. 

R Unguenti cerae unc. j. 
Hydrargyri nitrico oxydi drach. j. 
Ltquoris plumbi acetatis drach. j. 
Extracti opii mollis drach. ij. 

Triturate the soft extract of opium with the nitric 



CHIRURGICA. 225 

Gxyde of mercury and liquor of acetate of lead; after' 
i^'hich mix in the ointment of wax, and let the whole- 
be well blended together. This is an admirable form' 
of ointment for cleaning some kinds of sloughing ulcerr 
and chancres. I have seen chancres heal binder its use' 
which had resisted all other applications^ 



tJNGUENTUM RESINiE FLAV^ CUM^ 
OLEO TEREBINTH INJE. 

OINTMENT OF YELLOW RESIN WITH! 
OIL OF TURPENTINE. 

This ointment, or rather epithem, is made hf 
blending as much oil of turpentine, by trituration^ with- 
the c«rate of resin as it will take up. 

On the authority, t)f Mr. Kentish, the oil of tur- 
pentine, w^i^li 18 a. Very strong stimulant, has of late 
been very ingeniously and very strenuously recom- 
mended to.generalnotice, for its specific influence in' 
the relief and cure of burns and scalds. 

The intention is that of keeping up, in a minor de- 
gree, the stimulating influence of calbricj so as to en- 
able the vessels of the inflamed surface to get rid of 
their contents, by a recovery of their foriner tone and 
power, without falling into that atonic state of inflam- 
mation, which is generally followed by the death and 
destruction of their substance, in consequence of the 
powerful effects of the exciting cause being too rapidly' 

l5 



226 PHARMACOPOEIA 

withdrawn. This theory is extremely ingenious^ but 
mroorB strongly of the Brunonian principles. 

The rapid evaporation of the oil suddenly convey- 
tog off a considerable portion of the accumQlated quan- 
tity of heat evolved by the injury, and which in itself 
becomes an exciting cause of inflammation, may, per- 
haps, be considered one, if not the principal, means of 
efiecting the benefit accruing from its use. 

Perhaps the whole of its action is explicable upon 
this principle of evaporation, and upon the stimulus 
which* althe same time, it imparts:— -removing by the 
one effect inflammation and heat, and by the other 
giving power to the vessels ^ thus establishing, as it 
were, the relative bearing between action and power. 

Mr. Kentish, in his treatment of bums and scalds, 
directs the oil of turpentine to be previously made 
warm; and afterwards cloths to be dipped into it, with 
which the injured parts are to be entirely covered, and 
the oil is to be renewed as often as the cloths become 
dry, till the pain has abated, and the inflammation is 
relieved 5 after which, if there be any jBuppuration, the 
parts are to be dressed with the above ointment. 

I am not, by my own experience, enabled to speak 
as to the decided superiority of the above practice ; 
neither have I the wish to depreciate its merits, or dis- 
suade its adoption — by some of my friends I have beard 
it very warmly recommended; but, in the trials made 
with it in one of our large public hospitals, wherein 
Mr. Kentish's rules were strictly followed, and which 



CHIRURGICA. 2^7 

I had an oj^rtunity of closely observing, it was veiy 
unsuccessful. 

In one instance^ the hands> arms^ and face being 
much burnt by an explosion from gunpowder^ the 
liquor plumbi acetatis compositus and the oleum texe« 
binthinae were conjointly made use of to different 
parts^ in which there did not exist any perceptible dif- 
ference, in the extent of the injury, either by the feel- 
ings of the patient, or to the eye of a by-stander. In 
the parts to which the liquor was applied, the inflam- 
mation subsided much sooner; and the suppurative pro« 
cess which took place afterwards was much milder 
and more healthy under the unguentum plumbi acetatis 
and unguentum zinci, than was that treated with the 
oleum terebinthinae. Five other cases were all un» 
favourable under Mr. Kentish's plan of cure. 



UNGUENTUM SABINaE. 
OINTMENT OF SAVIN. 

Be Foliorum sabinae recentium, contritorum 
unc. iv. 
Cerae flavae unc. iij. 
Adipis praeparatae lib. j. 

In forming this ointment much care and attention 
are requisite. 

The hog's-lard being first slowly melted, the savhi 
leaves should be added, whej;^ the lard should be heateS 



228 PHARMACOPOEIA 

to the boiling point, in which state it should be kept 
till the leaves are friable) the wax should then be added 
in a state of liquefaction, and the ointment should be 
}>ri6kl)r agitated till it is cold. 

The savin ointment is intended for keeping up a 
iiscbaige from a part already vesicated or abraded. 



UNGUENTUM SAMBUCI. 
OINTMENT OF ELDER. 

Rr Sambuci fiornm lib. ij. 
Adipis praeparatae lib. ij. 

Boil the elder flowers in the lard till they become 
cnsp and friable, after which stiain through linen. 
This is a mild unctuous covering. 



UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS. (L.) 
OINTMENT OF SULPHUR. 

R Sulphuris sublimati unc. iij^ 
Adipis praeparatae unc. viij. 
Misce. 

This ointment possesses all the specific properties 
•f the sulphur for the cure of psora. It may be ren- 
dered much more agreeable by the addition of a small 
i|uaDtity of oil of lemon. A& a more efFectual cure 



CHIRURGICA. 22f 

for psora, pruritus^ and other mixed cuticular affections 
bearing the character of one or other of these diseases^ 
the London College have given us. the following for- 
mula : 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSI- 

TUxM. (L.) 

COMPOUND OINTMENT OF SUL^ 

PHUR. 

R Sulphuris sublimati lib. ss« 
Veratri radicis contritae unc. ij. 
Potassae nitratis drachm, j. 
Saponis mollis lib. ss« 
Adipis praeparatsB lib. issk 

Mix the whole well togethec 

This ointment^ however^ will be found much too 
powerful for irritable and delicate people ; and espe- 
cially as an application to children, 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURICI ACIDL 
OINTMENT OF SULPHURIC ACID. 

R( Adipis praeparatflo unc. ij. 
Acidi sulphurici drach. ij. 
Misce. 

This ointment should be formed in a Wedgewood*8 
mortar. It is said to cure psora. 



230 PHARMACOPOEIA, kc. 

UNGUENTUM VERATRI. (L.) 
OINTMENT OF WHITE HELLEBORE. 

R Vcratri pulveris unc. j. 
Adipis praeparatae one. viij. 
Olei limoDis drach. j. 

Tbe hog*8 lard being melted over a slow fire^ stir 
in the hellebore powder and oil of lemon, and briskly 
agitate the mixture till it is cold. 

This ointment is much used and recommended for 
psora and praritus. It should be used every night. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI. (L.) 

OINTMENT OF ZINC. 

,., * » • 



•; 



R Zinci oxydi unc. j, . , 

Adipis praeparatae unc. vj. ' { ».*: \ Ji - "3 
Misce. 

This ointment will be found useful in some species 
of ophthalmia, smeared upon the tarsi every night at 
bed-time. 

It may likewise be applied with advantage to a 
part nearly cicatrized over, as a gentle stimulant and 
astringent* 



( «» ) 



INDEX. 



A. Page 

AciDUM Aeeticum 1 

- - • Nitrictim 3 

... Sulphuricum 7 

.^Brugo ii' 

• - -cumHydrargyriSub. 

muriate 8 

Alumen 9 

Anthemidis flores 10 

AntiDKMlii Arsenias ii, 

. - - - Murias 1 1 

Argcnti Nitrat ii* 

B. 

Balsamum Permriamnn cum 

feUe 15 

C. 

Cataplasma Acidi Acetic! 16 

• - • - Aluminis 17 
... - Bynes ih. 
. • • - CarWnis 18 

• . . •> Cerevisiae it, 
. • • •> Conii 19 
. - . • Cumini /^. 
... - Di^talis 20 

• . . • Dauci 21 
...» fiurinaceum ih, 

• . « • Ftnnenti SS 
^ • . • lini Pulverit U, 



ib. 

80 
ih. 

81 



Pag« 

Cataplnna Mali maturi S5 

- - • - Papaveria albi 26 

• - . • Plumbi Acetatia «k 

- - • - Rosae 27 

- - - - Sodae Muriatia 

- - - - Sinapis 
Causticum Commune cum 

opio 
Ceratum Calaminae 

- - - Calaminae cum 
Plumbi Acetatis JLiquore 

- - - Calamine cum Hy- 

dr: Nitrico Oxydo 82 

• - - Cetacei 9A 

- - * Cetacei cum Hv- 

drargyro praecipitato albo ih, 

- - . Conii 34 

- - - Cretae Acetatia iL 

- - - Hydrargyri 35 

- - - Lyttae 3e 

- - - MeUia jk, 

- - - Mellia cum Tere- 

binthinS 37 

• . . Plumbi ib, 

• • • Plumbi Composi- 

tum 38 
. . • Resipae 39 

- - • Safwinia ibm 
. • . Stvi Composituiii 41 
Cei^eolua CUnuggmiii 4fl 
Cveoli Simplictti 4f 



SS2 



intrzx 



Pace 
Cereoli Swediauf 44 

- . . Bell 45 

- . - Catgot 47 

- - - Metallici 49 

- - - Caustici 50 
Conium 53 
Cinchonse Coitlifoliz Cortex 56 
CoUyrium Acidi Acetici 58 

- - - Ammonise Aceta- 

tis Camphoratum 59 

- - - Ammonix Aceta- 

tis cum Opio il>, 

• - - Cupri Ammoniati 60 

• - - Cupri SulphaMs ii, 

- • - Hydrargyri muri- 

atis 61 
... Opii ih. 

- - • JLiquoris Plumbi 

Acetatb- 62 
-. - - Plumbi Aretatis 63 

- - - Zinci Acctatis iA. 
mm' Zinci Sulphatis i6, 

- - - Zinci Sulphatis cum 

Camphora 64 
Confectio Ginchonae 65 

- - . Sennae Comporita i6. 

- - . SinapeOs 66 
. - - Sujpnurii iL 
-. - • Terebimhinz 67- 



D. 

Decoctum Anthemldrs flo- 



rum 
Chamzmeli 

Ero fomento 
>ulcamar8e. 
Guaiaci 
Hordei 

Malvx;. Composi- 
tum 
Mezerei 
Quercus Corticis 
Sarsaparillse 
Sarsaparlllae Com- 



Vcratri albi 
Ubni 



pontum 



68 
iL 1 
69 
70 

71 

72 
ih. 
73 
U, 

74 
75 



Z. 



Page 



£mbr«catioAcidiAcetici Sp\- 

r.tuosa 76 
. • - • ^ - cum Cam- 

phora 77 

- - - - Ammoniac ii. 
•—----- Acetatis 78 

- - - • Opii composita 79-- 

- . • • Saponis cum Am- 
monia ii. 

- ----- cum Cam* 

pbora SO 

Emplastrum Ammoniaci 81 

- • - - Ammoniaci cum 
Hydrargyro i6. 

-• - - - AmnMBiae Mu- 

riatis 82 

- - - - Cera? 83 

- - - - Cumini 84 

- w . . Cvminrcum opio ii. 

- - - - Euphorbii 85 
.... Gaibani Compo- 

situm 86 

- . - . Hydrargyri 87 
-• • - - I.yttae iS. 

- - - . Opii 00 

- - - J plumbi ii,- 

- - - - Resinae 91 

- - - - Saponis 92 
Enema Amyli cum opio ii; ■ 

- - - Cinchonae 9S 

- . - Commune 94 

- - - Colocyntbidis 96 
... Gallae U, 
-. - - Opii 97. 
... Ricini Olei $6. 
. - - Tabaci 98 
... Terebinthinae 101 
Epithema Plumbi Acetatis ii. 
.. . . Terebinthinse cum 

Camphors 102 

F. 

Fdmentum Chamsmeli ii. 

- . - . Digitalis JOS 
«... Galtae ii. 

- - - . Papavcris 104; 



IN D E X. 



SS^ 



G. 



Page 



Oargarisma Acidi Muriatici 104 

- - . . ^ruginis 105 

- - - - Aluminis i6. 

- . • . Lini 106 
* - - . Myrrhie ii. 

- - . . Potassae Nitratis ii. 

- - - - Rosse 107 
.... Sodse Boracis f^. 



H. 

Haustus Ammoniac Acetatis 108 

• - • Magnesise Sulpbatis 109 

- - - Emeticus 110 

- • - Ricini Olet iL 

- - - Terebinthinae ill 
Hirudo I'A. 
Hydrargyrus . 115 
Hydrargyri Acetis 118 
Hydrargyrus cum Creta 119 
Hydrargyri NitricoOxydum i6. 
.... Oxymurias 120 

• • • . Submurias 121 
. . • • Sub-sulphas 123 

• • V • Sulphuretum ii. 



I. 



lofusum Armoraciae Com. 

positum 124 
- - Capsici 125 

. . Cinchouse cum 

Calce 126 
« «. Lini i&. 

Injectio Copaibae 1«2? 

•> Cupri Sulpbatis i6. 

- Hydrargyri J 28 
- submufi. 

atis ih, 
. Plumbi Carbonatis 129 

- Theae il>. 

- Zinci Sulphatlis $k 



L. 



Page 



Linimentum ^ruginis J S3 

- - - Ammontz 134 

- . - Ammoniac^ cum 
Antimonio 
tartarizato i^. 

- - - Ammoniac cum 
Oleo Tere- 
binthinae 135 

•> - « BituminisCom- 

potitum 1^. 
. • • Camphorae 136 
•> - - CamphorzCom- 

positum iL 

- • - Elemi 137 

- - - Hydrargyri ijr. 
• - • Plumbi Aceta- ' 

tis Compo- 
situm ISS 

... Olei'cum Cake 139 

- • - Opii ik 

- - . Safonis Com. 

positum 140 

Liquor Argenti Kitratis fi>. 
. Aluminb Composi- 

tus 141 

- Arsenicalis iS. 

- Hydrargyri Oxjr- 
muriatis 14£ 

' . Acidi Nitrici 143 

. Calcis 1^. 

- Plumbi Acetatis 146 
"... Compo- 

situs i^« 
. Peta£sae 148 

- - - subcarbonatis 149 
Lotio Acidi Nitrici 151 

. Ammoniac Acefatis i6, 

- * « . Muriatis 159 

- • - . . Spiri. 

tuosa ii^ 

• Calcis '153 

- Hydrargyri Ozymu- 

ria.tis Ji^ 
f - - -J - - -flava iS4 



INDEX. 



Page 
Lotio Hydrargyri Submuri. 

atis Nigra 155 

• - - . Myrihz 156 

- - - - Opii /^. 

- - - - Pjcis 157 

- Plumbi Acetatis ib* 

• - - — - Com- 

posita 158 

- Potassz Sulphureti 

Composita ih, 

- Sulphuria 159 
• ZiDci Acetatia 160 

M.. 

Mel Hydrargyri ib* 

- . Rotse 161 
Mistura Copaiba ib. 

BaUami peruviAtii 163 
•^ - Cathartics 164 

• - Guaiaci 165 

Moschi ib. 

Moxa 166 

Mucilago Acacias Gummi 168 

• • - Cydoniae Seminum ib, 

• • - Tragacanthae Gum- 

mi iL 

Oleum Camphorae 169 

• - Lini 170 
•• - Olivae Caryophylla*. 

tum ib, 

• - Succini cum Opio 171 
Opium ib. 

P. 

PfluUe Aloes cum ferro 175 
m . Antimonii cum Opio 174 

• . Argenti Nitratis 175 

• * Arseiiici 176 
« - Colocynthidis 178 
•••---- Compositae ib. 



Page 
Pilula Colocynthidis Cum 
Hydrargyri 
Submuriate 178. 

- - Conii Composita 179 

- • Dulcamaras ib, 

- - Guaiaci 180 

- - Guaiaci Composita 181 

• - Hydtarg^i ib» 
-.-... Oxymuriatis 184 

- . . - . Submuriatis 185 

- - Sodae cum Sapone 188 

- - Terebinthinae 189 
...... Composita ib, 

Plumbi Superacetas 190 

Potassa fiisa 191 

Culvis Hydrargyri subsul- 

phatis compositus 198 
•. . ..Ipecacuashse composi- 
tus ik 
Myrrhsr IM; 

- - - Rhabarbari 195 
Compod- 

tusl98 

Hy. 

drargyri 
^ submuriate j^ 

- • - Rhabarbari cum Ja- 

laiw 197 

- - - Sabinae Compositus ib, 
-. - - Sodae Sulphatis com- 
positus 198 

- - - Uvae.Ursi Compositus 199 

T. 

Terebinthinae oleum ib, 

Tinctura Benzoini Compo- 

siu 800 

- • - Cinchonae ib, 

• « - Ferri Ammoniati 201 
... m - Ferri Muriatis 205 

- • « Guaiaci Ammoni- 

ati 20T 
... Lrttc ib. 

... Myrrhs SS08 

• . « Opii 209 







INDEX. 


S35 






Page 






Page 




• 


U. 


Unguentum Hydrargyri 


t' ngucntum 


i Antimonii tar- 






submuriatis 220 






tarizati 209 


.' 


. 


- - PicisArids 224 


» • » 


. 


Arsenici 210 


m 


• 


- - Picis Liquids 225 


• • -. 


« 


^ruginis 211 


m 


. 


- - Plumbi Aceta- 


• . • 


. 


Cerar 214 






tis Composi- 


• > • 


. 


Conii 215 






tum 221 


» • - 


» 


Elemi Compo- 


m 


. 


- - Resinaeflavx 225 






situm ii. 


• 


. 


- - Sabinx 229 


• • • 


• 


GallsB Compo- 


- 


- 


. . Sambuci 228 






situm 216 


m 


. 


• - Sulphuris ii* 


•" • " 


• 


Hydrargyri for- 


- 


- 


- - Sulphuris. Acidi 2a0 






tius 217 


m 


m 


- - Sulphuris Com- 


- - . 


. 


- . Nitratis 219 






positum 229^ 


- . - 


_ 


- - Nitrico 


. 


. 


. . Veratri 220 






Oxydi 282 


m 


m- 


. - Zinci 930 


* « w 


• 


* • Ozidi ru« 












bri ih. 









rNP OP LATIN lyPBX* 



(as«) 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Ptge 

1 

s 



Acid tcetic, or Vtoegar 

• • • nitric 

• • - tulphuric 
Alum 

Antimonyi arteBiate of 

• • . •, muiiate of 



Mum of Peru with Ox*t 

Gall 15 

BougieS) Ttrreties of 4S to 50 



10 
11 



C, 



Cataplasm of Ale-grounds 

• - - - Alum 

- - - - Apples, pulp of 
->->-« Bread 

- - - - Carrot 
. . - - Charcoal 
. - - - Cummin 

- • •> - Digitalis 

- - - - Homlock 

- - - - J ,ead, acetate of 26 

- • - - I.inseed ?3 

- - - , Malt 17 

- . - - Mustard 28 

- - - - Roses 27 
. - - - Salt 28 
i • - - Vinegar 16 

- - - - Vest 23 



18 
17 
25 

21 

18 
19 

to 

19 



Page 

Cauitic with Opium 80 

CcnttoftheblifteringFir 96 

Galomino 30 

. with Letd 81 

- • Mercury 88 
Chalk M 
Hemlock j^< 
Honey 8« 

. with Tur- 
pentine 87 
Lead ih. 

• -, acetate of 88 
Mercury 
Reiin 
Spermaceti 

- with Mer- 
cury 

Soap 
Suet 
Ciiamomile, the fiowers 
Cinchona 

Collyrium of Ammonia, ace- 
tate of, with 
Camphor 

- - - of Ammonia, ace- 

tate of, with 
Opiun\ 

- - • ammoniated Cop* 

per 

- • • Copper» aulphate 

of li. 

• of I'ead,acetateof 6'i 
Mercury ^i 



85 
89 
88 

to* 
39 

41 
IC 
5$ 



ib. 



ih. 



60 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



9S7 



Page 
61 
58 



63 



65 
66 
65 
66 
67 



IJolIyrium of Opium 

Vinegar 

Zinc 

Zinc, sulphate 

of a, 

Clonfection of Cinchonae 

- - - Mustard 

- - . Senna 
... Sulphur 
... Turpentine 

D. 

Decoction of Barley 71 

Bitter-sweet 69 
. -i Chamomile 67,68 
^ - Elm Bark 75 

- for Fomentations 68 

- ofGuaiacumWood70 

- - Hellebore 75 
Mallows 72 
Mesereon it. 

, • . Oak Bark 73 

. '. Sarsparilla 73,74 
Draught of Ammonia, ace- 
tate of 108 
. • Castor-oU 110 

• Emetic '^> 

• Magnesia, sul- 

phate of 109 
* • Turpentine 111 

E. 

Embrocation of Ammonia 77 
- . - • - acetate 

of 78 
•> - • • Opium, com- 
pound 79 

• - - - Soap, with 

Ammonia ih, 

- • • - • with 

Camphor 80 

• • - - Vinegvrwlth 

QMBphor 77 

• • • - • fpirl- 

tuouf M. 



Page 
Epithen^ of Lead^ acetate 

of 101 
- - - of Turpentine 102 



Fomentation 



F. 

of Cbamo* 

mile 102 

- - - - Foxglove 103 

- - - - Gail-nut «i. 

- - - • Hemlock 102 

- - - - Poppy 304 

G. 

Gargle of Alum 10£ 

- - • Ammonia, acetate 

of loS 

- - - Borax 107 

- - . Linseed 106 

- • • Magnesia, sul- 

phate of 109 

- •> . Marine acid 104 
. - - Myrrh 106 

- - . Nitre i6, 

- - - Roses 107 

- - - Verdigris 105 
Glyster, see Injection 



H. 
Hemlock 

Honey of Mercury 
- - - Roses 



53 
160 
161 



Infusion of Bark with Lime 126 

- - - Capsicum 135 

- - - Horse-radish 124 

- - - Linseed 126 
Injection of Copaiba 127 
. . - Copper, sulphate 

of f^« 

. - • Lead, carbonate 

of 128 

• - • Lime, sulphate 

of 127 

- • - Mercury 128 



adt 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Page 
Injection of Mercory, tub- 
muriate of 128 
. . - Tet 129 

• orOlyererof Cai- 

tor-oU 97 
- ^ •- • Cin- 
chona 93 

• - . - - Colo- 

cynth 96 

- . • » - common 94 

- . . - . of the 

Gall-nut 96 

• . . . • Lead, 

aceute of 101 
..... Opium 97 

• • • . • Starch 

with Opium 92 
..... Tobacco 98 

• . . • - Tur|>en- 

tine 101 

L. 

Leech, efficacy of and mode 

of breeding 111 
Liniment of Ammonia 134 

..... with tar- 
tar ized An. 
timony /^. 
... Anfmonia witn 

turpentine 135 
... Camphor 136 

. . . . • com- 
pound f^. 
... Elemi 137 

• . - Lead, aceute 

of, compound 138 

- - - Mercury 137 
. • . Oil with Lime 139 
« • . Opium U, 
... Soap,compound 140 

• . . Tar, compound 135 
... Verdigris 138 
XAniuor of Alum, compound 141 

- . - Arsenic U. 
. . * Lead, %ceuie of 146 

• • • Line 146 



Page 
Liquor of Mercury, ox y mu- 
riate of 142 I 
. . . Nitric acid 145 

- - . Potash 148 

- ... - subcarbo- 

nate of 149 ' 
Lotion of Ammonia, acetate 

of 151 
• - - -, muriate 

of 152 

• - - . ., muriate 

of, spirituous ii. 
• Lead, acettte of 157 

• . . . • com. 

pound 158 
. - - Lime 153 

- - • Lime, acetate of 160 

• - - Mercury, ozy- 

muriate of 158 
. - . . ., yellow 154 
..-•., submu- 

riate of, black 155. 
. - «. Myrrh 156 

... Nitric Acid 151 

- - - Opium 156 
. - . Pitch 157 
... Potash, sulphu- 
rate of,compound 158 

... Sulphur 159 

M. 

Mercury 115 

. - acetate of 118 

. . with Chalk 119 

• . Nitric Oxide of M. 

• • Oxymuriate of 120 
- • Submuriate of 181 

• • Subiulphate df 

yellow 183 

- • - (ulohuret oif, red ik 
Mixture. Cithartic 164 
. . . cfCopeibi 161 

• • . ofOualacam M 
. . . ofMMch ik 



{ 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Page 

Mixture of Peruvian Bal- 
sam 16S 
Mucilage of Acacia 168 

• • • - Linseed i6, 

- - - - Tragacanth it. 
Mugwort 166 

O. 

Oil of Amber with Opium 171 
. ., camphorated 169 

• • of Lmseed 170 
... Olives, with Oil of 

Cloves 17 
Ointment of Antimony tar- 

tarized 209 
. . - - Arsenic 210 

- - - - Elder 228 

• . - - Elemi, com. 

pound 215 
. - - . Galls,compound 

216 

• - - - Hellebore 220 
.... Hemlock 215 

- . . . Lead, acetate of, 

compound 221 

- - - - Mercury, ni. 

trate of 219 
.-.-.-- nitric 

oxyde of 222 
....... red ox- 
yde of ib, 
...... -stronger 217 

--.---- su'omu. 

riate of 220 

- - . - Pitch 224 
. - « - Savin 229 
.... Sulphur 228 
....... acid of 230 



P. 



Page 



Opium 



- - - - com- 

pound 229 

- Tar 225 
. Verdigria 211 
. Wax fil4 
. Zinc saO 

171 



Pills, aloetic with Iron 173 

• ., of ' Antimony with 

Opium 174 
. . ^ - Arsenic 170 

- - - Colocynth 178 

- . . . -. compound it, 
. • . • ^ withMer- 

-cury it, 

- -, of Dulcamara 179 

- . - Guaiacum 180 
. . • . • ., com- 
pound 181 

• - - Hemlock 179 

- - • Mercury 181 

- M . • ., Oxymuriate 

of 184 
. . . . ., Submuriate 

of 185 & 186 
.--.... with 

Hemlock 187 

- - - Soda with Soap il89 
... Turpentine it, 
. • . . . . compound it. 
Plaster of Ammonia, mu. 

riate of 82 

- . • . Ammoniacum 81 
. . .... with Mer- 
cury it, 

. • - . the blistering rly 87 
.... Cummin 84 

with Opium 90 
85 
86 
90 
87 
90 
91 
92 
88 
191 






. Euphorbiom 
. Galbanum 
. Lead 
Mercorf 
- • - . - Opium 
. . . . Restn 
• . . . Soap 
. . . . Wax 
Potash--^u$ed 
Powder of Ipecacuan. com. 

pound 198 
■ -^ • Mercury subsul- 
phate of} com- 
pound it. 






U" 



94* 



ENOLISFi INDEX.' 






•Page 

Powder of Mjrrrh 194 

^ ~ . Rhubarb Y95 

.... compound 196 
. • • • with Jalap 197 
... - wttbMcr- 

cyMyl96 
. • • Sann.co|npo^d 197. 
• V « Sbda^iul^hat^oi; • .' 

compouod 198 
« ^ « UvaUrtiyorBear 

beny 199 

S. 

* saver, Nhrateof ill 



T. 



Pafe 



Tincture of Benjamin, the 

Gum 200 
... Cinchona it, 

• . . Guaiacum,am- 

moniated d07 

- « * Iron, ammoni- 

ated 201 

• p • - - muriate of 205 

- • - of thft bliftering 

Fly 207 
. . . tAjtth fiOt 

... Opium . 909 



? 1 H I 8. 



T. Bantlef, Printer, 
Boll Coiiit, Fit •! Street, Londei.