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I 




RS 



Dr. Henry Kracmsr 



PHARMACOPCEIA 



A24 SOUTH ~\:^ ST., 
THE PHlLAl■u..■.,l.^. 



OF 


IIINIIY KBAHir* 




tOIXHiB 01 I'HAHM 


jafjln 


ANN AeBtlH. MICtI 



THIRD REVISED EDITION 



Oifficia/ from January 1, 1907 



TRANSLATED AND PUBLISHED 
BY 

THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY 

OP 

JAPAN 

TOKYO 
1907 



ALL RJOffTS £BSER VED 



PRINTKO AT 

THE TOKYO T8UKIJI TYPE FOUNDRY. 



PREFACE 

TO 

THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION. 

The first and the second edition of the Japanese 
Pharmacopceia were each accompanied by an official 
Latin translation published by the Government, and 
were thus introduced to pharmaceutical circles abroad. 
But in the case of this third edition, the usual course 
was not followed by the Government. However, the 
necessity in the foreign pharmaceutical circles, especial- 
ly among those engaged in the trade of medicinal 
substances and also in their manufacture, of knowing 
the contents of the newly revised Pharmacopceia, was 
so great that it soon became clear that its translation 

;i into one of the foreign languages should somehow be 

::^ brought about, not only in their interest, but also for 
the benefit of our country. Hence from all sides, both 
offioial and private, the Pharmaceutical Society was 
persuaded to supply this want, and as we also felt 
the pressing need of a translation, the Council of our 

_^ Society resolved in July before last, to take up the 
work, and have a translation made into English which 

^ is, at present, the language most generally employed 



1-^ 



r 



r 






IV 

in the foreign intercourse of our country, consequently 
we asked Prof. Etz. Hori of the Dai Ichi Koto Gakko 
(The First National College), who is also a member of the 
Committee of Publication of our Society, to undertake 
this work on behalf of the Pharmaceutical Society. 
We are now able to lay before the public the complete 
English translation of the newly revised third edition 
of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and it will give great 
pleasure and satisfaction to our Society, if the public- 
ation of this translation proves to be of some con- 
venience to the pharmaceutical circles, both at home 
and abroad. 

Prof. Dr. Wmn. Nag. Nagai, RL-Hak., Yak.-Hak. 

President of the Pharaiaceutical Society of Japan. 

Tokjro, September, 1907. 



HISTORICAL INTRODOGTION 



The establishment of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is due 
to Masayoshi Matsukata, Minister of Home Affairs, who sub- 
mitted his project in October, 1880, to the Government of the 
time, in accordance with the view of .the late Sensai Nagayo 
who was the director of the Sanitary Bureau, at that time, in 
the Department of Home Affairs. 

The outline of Matsukata's project was as follows :— 

Firstly, as a natural consequence of the non-existence of an 
authorised pharmacopoeia, there is no standard for prescriptions 
and preparations, and such dangerous mistakes as the prescrib- 
ing of German preparations according to English doses are 
frequently committed. 

Secondly, since manufacturers freely prepare medicines, using 
as their authorities the pharmacopoeias of various countries, 
different medicines often come into market under the same 
name, while identical medicines are often met with, labelled 
with different names. 

Thirdly, as we have no standard of our own to judge 
thereby the qualities of the imported medicines, thejr must 
naturally be tested according to the Pharmacopoeia of the 
country where they were manufactured ; moreover, the foreign 
manufacturers, taking advantage of the non-existence of a 
Japanese Pharmacopoeia, tend to use the cheapest raw materi- 
als of an inferior quality for manufacturing medicines, especial- 
ly for the purpose of importing them into our country, thus 
advertising that they care for nothing but for their own pecun- 
iary interests. 



VI 



Now the only means of putting an end to these abuses is, 
according to Matsukata's opinion, to establish, in some way 
or other, a national Pharmacopoeia, as by entrusting the Cen- 
tral Council of Health with the power of selecting the medicines 
and compiling a Pharmacopoeia. 

In November of- the same year, the Central Council of 
Health was entrusted by the Government with the power of 
compiling a Pharmacopceia, and in January of the next year, 
the President and the Members of the Committee of Publica- 
tion, consisting of the following gentlemen were appointed : — 

President. 
Junjiro Hosokawa, Secretary of the Senate. 

Members of the Committee. 

Jun Matsumoto, Surgeon General, I. J. A. 

Tsuna Hayashi, Surgeon Lieutenant General, I. J. A. 

Bunkwai Totsuka, Surgeon General, I. J. N. 

Dr. Kensai Ikeda, Physician in Ordinarj'- to the Imperial 
Court. 

Sensai Nagayo, Director of the Sanitary Bureau. 

Hiizu Miyake, Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 
University. 

Kanehiro Takaki, Fleet Surgeon, I. J. N. 

Tokwai Nagamatsu, Apothecary Colonel, 2nd Class ; I. J. A., 
Surgeon Colonel, 2nd Class, L J. A. 

Shokei Shibata, Esq. 

Dr. Eijkman, Professor in the Tokyo Pharmaceutical Lab- 
oratory. 

Dr. Geerts, Professor in the Yokohama Pharmaceutical 
Laboratory. 

Dr. Baek, Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 
University. 

Dr. Langgaard. 

Dr. Boekema. 



vu 

In January, 1881, the Committee held its first meeting, and 
settled the general outline of the Pharmacopoeia, and the ex- 
tent of its contents ; it was also resolved that the drafts in 
\ D utch and its Japanese translation, originally compiled at the 
request of the Home Office by Dr. Geerts and Dr. Dwars, both 
Professors in the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, s hould be made 
i ts basis . However, it was afterward decided to compile the 
Japanese Pharmacopoeia in German, independent of the old 
draft of 1877, and the numbers of the articles and the tables, 
to be adopted were settled ; and subsequently, the chief work of 
the meeting was directed to the compilation of the Pharma- 
copoeia and the discussion of the articles to be adopted therein. 

In July, 1883, Chutoku Ishiguro and Ijun Ogata were ap- 
pointed Members of the Committee. 

In April, 1884, Junjiro Hosokawa was released from the 
office of President and succeeded by Hisamoto Hijikata, Vice- 
Minister of Home Affairs. 

In Septembar of the same year. Dr. Scriba and in October, 
Dr. van der Heyden were appointed Members of the Committee. 

In July, 1885, Viscount Hijikata, State Councillor was re- 
leased from the office of President, and Akimasa Yoshikawa, Vice- 
Minister of Home Affairs, was appointed President in his place. 

On October 13, 1885, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was 
completed, and submitted to the Minister of Home Affairs, and 
in December, the President and all the Members of the Commit- 
tee were released from duty. 



On July 7, 1886, the new Japanese Pharmacopoeia was 
published, and became official from July 1, 1887. 

The first edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia contains 

j 470 articles, with appendices including general rules in relation 

to the pharmaceutical preparations, lists of reagents and of 

volumetric solutions, and 6 tables, among which there is a 

list of medicines which should always be kept in the dispensa- 



■ • • 

Vlll 



ries. At the same time, a complete Latin translation was pub- 
lished by the Home Office. 

The German draft which served as the basis of the new 
Pharmacopoeia was drawn up first by Dr. Geerts and Dr. Lang- 
gaard, and afterwards principally by Dr. Eijkman, whose com- 
mentary of the first edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was 
also published by the Sanitary Bureau. The gentlemen who 
participated in the compilation of the new Pharmacopoeia, 
without being themselves Members of the Committee are as 
follows : — 

Seisuke Tsujioka, Director of the Yokohama Sanitary Labo- 
ratory. 

Jun-ichiro Shimoyama, Assistant Professor in the Faculty of 
Medicine, Tokyo University. 

Keizo Tamba, Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, 
Tokyo University. 

Tokichiro Niwa, Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Medi- 
cine, Tokyo University. 

Tokwai Hayashi, An Official in the Home Office. 

Ta-ichiro Onaka, Assistant Chemical Expert, 1st Class, of 
the Home Office. 

sy^ In April, 1888, with the view of revising the first edition of 
' the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the following gentlemen were ap- 
pointed as the Members of the Revision Committee of the 
Japanese Pharmacopoeia :— 

Dr. Wilhelm Nagayosi Nagai, Professor in the College of 
Medicine, Imperial University. 

Dr. Juntaro Takahashi, Professor in the College of Medicine, 
Imperial University. 

Dr. Jun-ichiro Shimoyama, Professor in the College of Medi- 
cine, Imperial University. 

Dr. Keiz5 Tamba, Professor in the College of Medicine, Im- 
perial University. 

Dr. Seitoku Kashimura, Professor in the College of Medicine, 
Imperial University. 



IX 

Seisuke Tsujioka, Chemical Expert, 3rd Class, of the Home 
Office. 

Yoshizumi Tahara, Chemical Expert, 4th Class, of the 
Home Office. 

Koheida Sakurai, Chemical Expert, 5th Class, of the Home 
Office 

Koichi Shimada, Assistant Chemical Expert, 1st Class, of 
the Home Office. 

Shokei Shibata, Esq. 

The Revision Committee at first discussed the articles to be 
further added to the Pharmacopoeia then in use, and in September, 
1888, set forth the drafts of the 2 articles on Cocainum Hydro- 
cbloricum and Antifebrinum, and after a deliberate discussion, 
decided to adopt them. Since then, the Committee, after a full 
investigation into the important points to be revised, came to the 
conclusion that it would be much better, in order to avoid pro- 
miscuous confusions resulting from numerous necessary changes, 
to make a thorough revision of the first edition. The draft of the 
Revised Pharmacopoeia was begun in September, 1888, and after 
deliberate discussions, it was completed in October, 1890, and 
submitted in March, 1891, to the Minister of Home Affairs who, 
after consulting the Central Council of Health, issued the Revis- 
ed Pharmacopoeia which became official from January 1, 1892. 

In this revised edition, 32 articles were newly admitted, and 
67 articles were omitted, and about 1500 changes were made in 
the older edition, and all the Latin names were altered to those 
adopted in Germany and Austria, and native products were 
mostly taken to be used as the raw materials for drugs and 
preparations. The Latin translation of this revised Pharma- 
copoeia was also published by the Home Office. 

Ten years passed since the publication of the second revised 
edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and it became necessary 
to revise it again, in accordance with the progress of the science 
of medicine and that of pharmacy. 



In March, 1900, the regulation relating to the revision of 
the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was issued by the Imperial Ordin- 
ance No. 80. {33rd year of Meiji), and the necessary Committee 
was organised, and in April, the Chairman, the Secretary and 
the Members of the Committee of Revision were appointed. 
The result of their inquiries is the publication of the third re- 
vised edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The progress of 
the work of revision, and the changes in the names of the 
officials, and of the Members of the Committee may be seen 
from the following preface. 



PREFACE 



After the regulation relating to the Revision Committee of 
the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was issued in March, 1900, the \ 
Chairman, the Secretary, the Chief Members and the Members 
of the Committee were appointed. 

In May of the same year, the first meeting of the Committee 
was held in the Home Office, and the general plan to be follow- 
ed in revising the Pharmacopoeia was arranged as follows :— 

1. The meeting of the Chief Members shall be held once 
every w^eek. 

2. The general meeting of the Committee shall be held once 
every month, and the Chief Members shall report to the general 
meeting the results of inquiries in their special branches. 

3. To do away with the practical inconveniences due to a 
comparatively limited number of articles adopted in the cur- 
rent Pharmacopoeia, they shall be increased, but such a com- 
plete revision naturally requires a longer time, and therefore 
previous to such a revision, the articles for the newly intro- 
duced medicines and also for others commonly used at the time, 
shall be discussed as occasion arises and _ add ed in the form of 
appendices. Thus the article for Acidum Gallicum and 32 others 
were added by the Departmental Ordinance No. 48. (33rd year 
of Meijij) that for Serum Antidipbtbericum and 2 others were 
added by the Departmental Ordinance No. 3. {June, 36ch year of 
Meiji) and that for Aqua carbolisata pro Desinfectione and an- 
other article were added by the Departmental Ordinance No. 8. 
May, 37th year of Meiji), 



/ 



A 



Xll 



^ 



From June 13, 1900, the articles to be newly added to the 
current Pharmacopceia and those to be omitted therefrom, were 
inquired into, and decided upon ; and from September 25, 1901, 
the real work of revising the Pharmacopceia was begun. 

On September 21, 1904, a Committee of Publication was 
elected from among the Chief Members of the Committee. 

Thus after the lapse of 5 years and 11 months, since the 
organisation of the Revision Committee, during which time, 70 
general meetings, 119 meetings of the Chief Members and 
34 meetings of the Committee of Publication were held, the 
revision of the Pharmacopoeia was completed in March of the 
year 1906, and submitted to the Minister of Home Afiairs. In 
this revision, 242 articles were newly added, 22 articles were 
omitted, and as the result of inquiries and practical investiga- 
tions, about 815 alterations were made, besides numerous 
improvements of the terms and phrases in almost every article. 
Important changes of general interest are as follows : — 

1. Medicines which are commonly used, those for disinfect- 
ing purposes, and the materials for disinfection are generally 
adopted in most cases. 

2. The following medicines are newly added : — 

LIST OF ARTICLES ADDED TO THE PHARMACOPEIA 

Acetum aromaticum. ' Acidura picriiiicum. 



„ pyrolignosum crudum. 

„ Scillai. 
Acidum acetsalicylicum. 

„ camphoricum. 

„ carbolicum liquefactum. 

„ hydrocyanicum dilutum. 

„ nitricum crudum. 

„ olcinicum. 



„ steariniGum. 

„ trichloraceticum. 
Adeps benzoatus. 

„ Lanse anhydricus. 
JEther aceticus. 

„ pro narcosi. 
-3Ethylium bromatum. 
Agaricinum. 



Xlll 



Albamen Ovi siccura. 
Alburoinum tannicum. 
Alcohol absolutus. 
Aluminium sulfuricum. 
Ammonium benzoicum. 
AmygdalsB dulces. 
Anetholum. 

Antipyrinum salicylicum. 
Aqua Amygdalarum amararum. 
Anisi. 



jy 



97 



yy 



yy 



» 



Carvi. 
Chloroformii. 

cresolica. 
Picis. 



„ Pruni macrophyllse. 

,, Bosse. 
Argentum proteinatum. 
Arseuum iodatum. 
Bismntum subcarbonicum. 

„ tribromphenylicum. 

Caffeine-Natrium benzoicum. 
y, ,y salicylicum. 

Calcaria sulfurata. 
Carrageen. 
Carvonum. 
Cautsehuc. 
Cera alba. 

Chininum sethylcarbonicum. 

yy bisulfuricum. 

„ tannicum. 

Coccionella. 
C(^nac. 

Coliemplastrum. 
CoUodium iodoformiatum. 



Collopiionium. 
Cortex Citri Fructus. 

„ Frangulse. 

„ Mezerei. 

y, Quillaise. 
Cresolum crudum. 
Creta preeparata. 
Diastasa. 

Dimetliylamidoantipyrinum. 
Emplastrum Cantharidum. 

„ Hydrargyri. 

„ Lithargyri compasitum. 

,y Saponatum. 

Extractum Aooniti Napelli. 
Cardui benedicti. 
Chinte fluidum. 
Cubebarura. 
Gentianse. 

Hamamelidis fluidum. 
Quassia. 

Ratanhiee. 

SecalLs cornuti fluidum. 
Fel Tauri inspissatum. 
Ferrum carbonicum saccharatum. 

^^ iodatum saccharatum. 
Flores Chamomillse romanse. 
Lavandulse. 






>> 



;j 



>> 



;> 



>> 



Malv8B. 
Kosse. 
Sambuci. 
Tilifie. 



,, Verbasci. 
Folia Althaese. 

Belladonnse. 



?? 



XIV 



Folia Bucco. 
Coca. 



w 



„ Eucalypti. 
Farfaree. 
Hamamelidis. 

„ Hyoscyami. 



}> 



V 



)9 



Melissee. 



„ Priini macropbyllse. 

„ Stramonii. 

„ Trifolii fibrini. 
Fructus Anisi. 

„ Aurantii immaturi. 

>, Capsici. 

„ Carvi. 

„ Juniperi. 

„ Piperis nigri. 
„ Vanillae. 
Galbanum. 

Gelatina alba. 
Gossypium Acidi borici. . 
carbolisatam. 
Hydrargyri bichlorati. 
iodoformiatum. 
„ salicylatum. 

Gattapercha depurata. 
Gutti. 
Herba Absintliii. 

„ Cardui benedicti. 
Hexamethylentetrarainu m. 
Homatropinum hydrobromicum. 
Hydrargyrum cum Greta. 

„ chloratum vapore paratum. 
,, oleinicum. 
Kalium chloratum. 



9} 



9) 
99 



Lactylphenetidiuum. 
Lapis Pumicis. 
Linimentum Chloroformii. 
Liquor Arseni et Hydrai^yri 
iodati. 

Liquor Cresoli saponatus. 
Ferri albuminati. 
„ oxychlorati. 
„ Kalii acctici. 
„ Nitroglycerini. 
Magnesia usta ponderosa. 
Magnesium carbonicum pondero- 

sum. 
Mel rosatum. 
Minium. 

Mucilago Salep. 

y, Tragacanthse. 
Naphthalinum. 

Natrium carbonicum siccum. 
nitricum. 
sulfocarbolicum. 
sulfuricum siccum. 
Nitroglycerinum. 
Oleum Bergamottffi. 
yy camphoratum. 
„ cantharidatum. 
„ Chloroformii. 
„ Gynocardiae. 
„ Hyoscyami. 
jy Lauri. 

„ Myristicae jBthereum. 

„ Resinse empyreumaticam 

yy Sabinse. 

y, Santali. 



99 
99 
99 



XV 



Oleum Thy mi. 
Oxymel. 

yy Scillse. 
Pankreatinum. 
Paraffinum liquidum. 
Paraldehydum. 

Pastilli Acidi borici. 

„ Antipyrini. 

yy Bismuti subnitrici. 

„ Cocaini hjdrochlorici. 

„ Hydrargyri bichlorati. 

,, yy clilorati cum Taloo. 

,, Mentha). 

„ Morphini hydrochlorici. 

„ Natrii salicylici. 

„ Opii et Ipecacaanhse. 
Phcnyldihydrochinazolinum tanni- 

cmn. 
Pilulse Aloes et Assb fcetidse. 

;y Chinini sulfurici. 



» 



Ferri carbonici Blaudii. 
„ Xreoeoti. 
Pix Betulse liquida. 
„ Janiperi liqaida. 

Pulpa Tamarindonim depurata. 
Pulvis LiquiritifiB oompositus. 

^, Rhei oompositus. 

,y salicylicus cum Talco. 
Pyrogallolum. 

Radix Aconiti Napelli. 

yy Gelsemii. 

,y Gentianse. 

„ Hibisci. 

,, Iridis. 



Radix Ratanliise. 
y, Serpentarise. 



» 



Zedoariffi. 



Besina Dammar. 
Saccharinum. 

„ solubile. 

Sandaraca. 
Sapo viridis. 

Scopolaminum hydrobromicum. 
Semen Tonco. 
Sinipus Cinnamomi. 



» 



9i 



J9 



}> 



9J 



Croci. 

Mannse. 

Menthae. 

Rubi Ideei. 

Seunse cum Manna. 



Sparteinum sulfuricum. 
Species. 

,j laxantes. 
„ pectorales. 
Spiritus Bosmarini. 
^, Saponatus. 
yy Sinapis. 
Styrax liquidus depuratus. 
Suppositoria. 

„ Glycerini. 

„ Opii. 

„ Scopolise. 

Talcum. 

Tela depurata. 



ij 



Acidi borici. 



„ Hydrargyri bichlorati. 
^, iodoformiata. 
jy salicylata. 



XVI 



Terpiuum hydratura. 
Tinctura Aooniti Napelli. 

Aloes composita. 

Cannabis indicse. 

Capsici. 

Chinse composita. 
„ Cliloroformii etMorphini 
oomposita. 
Tinctura Colombo. 

Gelsemii. 

Gentianse composita. 

Ratanhise. 



9} 
99 



99 
99 



99 
99 
99 



Tinctura Serpentarije. 

,, ValeriansB setherea. 
Unguentum Acidi borici. 

Cantharidum. 
Kalii iodati. 
Paraffini. 
„ Picis liquidsa. 

Vinum. 

yy Cbinse. 
„ Condurango. 
Zincum sulfocarbolicum. 
„ valeriauicum. 



3. Those which are omitted are as follows : — 



LIST OF ARTICLES OMIHED FROM THE PHARMACOPdlA. 



Acidum hydrochloricum crudum. 
Aqaa chlorata. 

yy communis. 
Charta nitrata. 
Chinoidinum. 

Cinchoninum hydrochloricum. 
Codeinum. 
Farina Lini. 
Glandulee Lupuli. 
Herba Hyoscyamii. 

„ ScopoHse. 



Hydrargyrum sulfuratum rubrum. 
Kalium aceticum. 
Lactucarium. 
Linimentum Scopolise. 
Manganum hyperoxydatum. 
Pilulse Ferri carbonici. 
Sirupus Auranti Florum. 

y, Balsami tolutani. 
Tinctura Arnicae. 
Vinum album. 
Xerense. 



>> 



4. The Latin names of medicines are always given at the 
beginning of every article. 

5. The registered names of patent medicines are changed 
to their chemical names. 

6. Except in the case of tinctures, extracts and syrups, the 



XVll 

transliteration of the names of medicines are written in 'Kata- 
kana.^ 

7. In a case where the chemical constitution is known, 
formula and molecular weight are given under the Latin names 
of medicines. 

8. Atomic weights selected by the International Atomic 
Weight Committee, are adopted. 

9. For weights and measures, Arabic numerals are used 
with abbreviations. 

10. Distinctions are made between the sizes of cut pieces 
and the degrees of fineness of powder. 

11. The sieves to be used for the preparation of medicinal 
substances cut or powdered, have different sizes of mesh. 

12. The size of the test-tube to be used for the qualitative 
testing of medicines is fixed. 

13. The method of determining the melting point is fixed. 

14. The specific gravity of the tinctures is not given. 



The names of the ofiicers, and the members of the Revision 
Committee of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, who were acting on 
March 31, 1906, and their successors are as follows : — 

Chairman. 
Viscount Chutoku Ishiguro, Surgeon General, I. J. A. 

Secretary. 

Seitaro Kubota, Director of the Sanitary Bureau, Home 
Office. 

Members of the Committee. ; /t> j 

\ 

*Dr. Wilh. Nag. Nagai, Rigakuhakushi, Yakugakuhakushi ; 
Prof, in the Coll. of Med., Tokyo Imperial University. 



XVlll 

*Juntaro Takahashi, Igakuhakushi, Prof, in the Coll. of 

Med., Tokyo Imperial University. 
*Dr. Jun-ichiro Shimoyama, Yakugaknhakushi, Prof, in the 

Coll. of Med., Tokyo Imperial University. 
*Dr. Keizo Tamba, Yakugakuhakushi, Prof, in the Coll. of 

Med., Tokyo Imperial University. 
*S6suke Kimura, Surgeon General, I. J. N. 
*Yoshi2umi Tahara, Yakugakuhakushi, Chemical Expert, 

Imperial Sanitary Laboratory. 
*Kei25 Ikeguchi, Chemical Expert, Metropolitan Police Office. 
*Koichi Shimada, Prof, in the Nagasaki Medical College. 
Hirotake Saito, Chemical Expert, Imperial Saintarj^ Labo- 
ratory. 
Tatsukichi Irisawa, Igakuhakushi, Prof, in the Coll. of Med., 

Tokyo Imperial University. 
*Seiyu Hirai, Surgeon Colonel, I. J. A. 
*Masunosuke Hiray^ama, Apothecary Colonel, I. J. A. 
Hidematsu Takahashi, Chief Apothecary, 1st Class, I. J. N. 
Tadasu Yamada, Chief Apothecary to the Imperial Court. 
T6kichir5 Niwa, Assistant Professor in the Coll. of Med., 

Tokyo Imperial University. 
Dr. Tasuku Sato. 

Note. — The asterisk indicates a Chief Member of the Committee. 



On April 16, 1902, Tai Hasegawa, Director of the Sanitary 
Bureau, resigned the Chairmanship, and Viscount Chiitoku 
Ishiguro, Surgeon General, I. J. A., was appointed in his place. 

On April 28, 1900, Keinosuke Miyairi, Medical Expert in 
the Home Office, was appointed Secretary of the Committee. 

On March 14, 1902, Keinosuke Miyairi, Medical Expert in 
the Home Office, resigned, and Y6sh5 Kurimoto, Medical Expert 
in the Home Office, was appointed Secretary in his place. 



XIX 

On December 28, 1902, Yosho Kurimoto was appointed 
Chief Surgeon to the Metropolitan Police Office, and Shinzo 
Ohara, Councillor to the Home Office, was appointed Secretary 
in his place. 

On April 13, 1903, Shinz5 Ohara, Councillor to the Home 
OfRce, was released from the Office of Secretary, and Mokichi 
Merita, Director of the Sanitary Bureau, was appointed in his 
place. 

On September 3, 1903, Mokichi Morita, Director of the 
Sanitary Bureau, became Directer of the Commercial and In- 
dustrial Bureau, Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

On September 14, 1903, Seitaro Kubota, Director of the 
Sanitary Bureau, was appointed Secretary in succession to the 
above. 

On May 2, 1902, Intsii Aoyama resigned his post as a 
Member of the Committee. 

On July 8, 1902, Seitoku Kashimura, a Member of the 
Committee, died. 

On Decembar 12, 1903, Masauao Koike resigned his post as 
a Member of the Committee. 

On February 3, 1904, Tokichiro Niwa, Assistant Professor 
in the Coll. of Med., Tokyo Imperial University, was appointed 
a Member of the Committee. 

On June 5, 1904, Seisuke Tsujioka, a Member of the Com- 
mittee, died. 

On July 1, 1904, Hirotake Saito, Chemical Expert, Imperi- 
al Sanitary Laboratory, was appointed a Member of the Com- 
mittee. 



INTRODDGTORT MOTES 



The articles are arranged in the alphabetical order of the 
Latin names of medicines. 

At the head of each article, the ordinary popular names, if 
any, arc given besides the Latin and the Japanese names. 

In each article, statements are given in the following order : — 
(1) preparation, (2) condition, (3) properties, (4) reactions, (5) A 
tests and (6) preservation. But any of these is omitted when 
not essential. 

In the case of drugs, the names of the original plants and 
animals are given. 

The method of preparation is given only in cases, where it 
is necessary to fix the composition of medicines. 

The purity or the adulteration of medicines is judged hj\/ 
their condition, properties, reactions and tests. ^ 

The metric system is adopted for weights and measures, 
and for one gramme, two centimetres, three cubic centimetres, 
figures with abbreviations are used, viz., Ig., 2 cm., and 3 ccm. 

Temperature is taken by a thermometer graduated according 
to Celsius, and 15^ C. is made the normal temperature. 

For a medicine, the chemical constitution of which is estab- 
lished, formula and molecular weight are also given under its 
Latin name. 

The atomic weights, selected by the International Atomic ^ 
Weight Committee of 1898, are adopted. 

The number of parts mentioned in every article always 
means, unless otherwise stated, so many parts by weight of the 
substance named. 

In cases where the strength of a solution is given, (1 : 10) 



XXI 1 



or (1: 20) means that the solution referred to contains 1 part 
by weight of the substance in about 10 or 20 parts by weight 
of the solution. 

In every article, where properties or tests are described, 
* water ^ always means * distilled water, ^ 

The qualitative tests of a medicine, unless otherwise stated, 
^ are done by taking 10 ccm. of its solution in a test-tube which 
^ has an internal diameter of 1.5 cm. 

In cases where the name of the solvent is not mentioned, it 
being only stated ' a solution^^ it is alwaj^s meant that water 
is used as the solvent. 

Extraction ' in the cold ' is done at the temperature of 
15^— 25° C, and extraction ^ by warming^ is done at 35*^— 
45° C. 

When a medicine is to be kept in glass bottles ^protected 

X^ from lighty^ black or yellowish-brown glass bottles are employed. 

Unless otherwise stated, only the dry drugs are used, and 
their drying is done at a temperature not above 40° C. 

At the end of the Pharmacopoeia, are lists of reagents and 
of volumetric solutions, and under each article of the latter, 
the quantity of the chief constituent is given. 

In the case of the strong drugs or preparations, the method 
A of testing their chief constituents is given if possible. 

In the case of chemical compounds, the chemical name is 
given if possible. 

In determining the melting point, a capillary glass tube, 
"/ 1mm. in internal diameter, is closed at one end, filled, to the 
height of 2— 3 mm., with the finely powdered substance which is 
is previously dried for 24 hours in a desiccator, and it is fixed to 
the thermometer bulb introduced into sulphuric acid, which is 
contained in a test-tube having an internal diameter of 3 cm. 
The sulphuric acid is then gradually heated with frequent stirring 
at the same time, and the temperature at which the substance 
melts and forms a transparent drop is taken as its melting point. 



XXIU 



la determining the melting point of fats and other similar 
substances, they are at first melted and sucked up to the height \ 
of 1cm. into a capillary glass tube, 1mm. at most in internal 
diameter and open at both ends, then allowed to solidify com- 
pletely by cooling to a low temperature (about 10° C.) for 24 
hours. The capillary tube is attached to the bulb of a ther- 
mometer dipped into water which is contained in a test-tube, 
3 cm. in internal diameter, and is warmed graduallj- with fre- 
quent stirrings. The temperature at which the fat melts to a 
transparent liquid and begins to rise in the capillary tube, is 
taken as its melting point. 

For the preparation of the cut or the powdered medicinal 

substances, the following six different sieves are used : — 

No. 1. That which has meshes with an internal diameter 
of 4 mm. 

No. 2. That which has meshes with an internal diameter 
of 3 mm. 

No. 3. That which has meshes with an internal diameter 
of 2 mm. 

No. 4. That which has 10 meshes in a length of 1cm. 

No. 5. That which has 26 meshes in a length of 1cm. 

No. 6. That which has 40 meshes in a length of 1cm. 

There are the following three different degrees of fineness, 
both for the cut, and the powdered medicinal rubstances : — 

That which is ' coarse cut,' is the one passing through 
sieve No. 1. 

That which is ^medium cut/ is the one passing through 
sieve No. 2. 

That which is ' ifne cut/ is the one passing through sieve 
No. 3. 

That which is * in coarse powder/ is the one passing 
through sieve No. 4. 

That which is ' in medium powder/ is the one passing 
through sieve No. 5. 



That which is 'in £ne powder,* is the one passing through 
sieve No. 6. 

In preparing the medicinal substances, coarse cut, medium 
cut, £ne cut, or in coarse powder, the portion passing through 
sieve No. 5. are removed. 

The Pharmacopoeia has the following tables attached to it 
as an appendix : — 

Table (A) contains a list of medicines which should always 
be kept in every dispensary. Medicines of this class are distingu- 
ished from others by the symbol O standing before their Latin 
names in the articles of the original Pharmacopoeia in Japanese. 

Table (B) contains a list of medicines which shoidd be kept 
separated from others, in a place which can be shut up, viz., 
the so-called poisonous medicines. Medicines of this class are 
distinguished from others by the motto * Keep with special 
care ' at the end of every article. 

Table (C) contains a list of medicines which should be kept 
separated from others, viz., the so-called strong or energetic 
medicines. Medicines of this class are distinguished from oth- 
ers by the motto ' Keep with care ' at the end of every article. 

Table (D) contains a list of medicines with their maximum 
daily doses for an adult, and also the maxinum doses to be 
taken at any one time. Physicians are not allowed to prescribe 
a medicine with a dose exceeding its maximum one, unless 
they draw special attention to it by putting an exclamation 
mark ( ! ) after the quantity of that medicine in the prescription. 

Table (E) contains symbols and atomic weights of the more 
important elements. 

At the end of the Pharmacopoeia, there are a comparative 
table of the official names of medicines, and the popular names 
by which they are commonly known, and also a complete index 
of the Latin and the English names, arranged all together in 
alphabetical order. 



CONTENTS 



»»M- 



Page 

Preface to the English Translation iii 

Historical Introduction v 

Preface xi 

List of Articles added to the Pharmacopoeia xii 

List of Articles omitted from the Pharmacopoeia xvi 

Names of the Officers and the Members of the Revision Com- 
mittee of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, who were acting on 
March, 31, 1906, and their Successors xvii 

Introductory Notes xxi 

The Pharmacopoeia 1 

Appendices 371 

I. Reagents 373 

IL Volumetric Solutions 381 

in. Table A : — List of the Common Official Medicines which 

should always be kept in every dispensary 385 

IV. Table B :— List of the Official Medicines which belong to 
the Class of Poisonous Medicines, and should be kept 
with Special Care, separated from Others, in a Place 
which can be shut up 389 

V. Table C :— List of the Official Medicines which belong to 
the Class of Strong or Energetic Medicines, and should 
be kept with Care, separated from Others 390 

VI. Table D :— List of Medicines showing their Doses for an 

Adult 394 

VII. Table E : — Names, Symbols «and Atomic Weights of the 

more Important Elements 397 

VIII. A Comparative Table of the Official and the Ordinary 

Popular Names of Medicines 398 

IX. Index 403 



A 



THE 



PHARMACOPCEIA 



OF 



JAPAN 



THE 

PHARMACOPOEIA 

OF 

JAFAJS[. 



ACETANILIDUM. AnUfebrinum. 

Acetanilide. Antifebrine. 

CgHgNO^lSS.lS 

Colorless^ odorless^ glistening^ lamelar crystals, having a faintlj 
pungent taste, and melting at 113 — 114°C. Soluble in 230 parts of 
water, and in 22 parts of boiling water, showing a neutral solution, 
easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and in chloroform. 

On heating it with potassium hydroxide solution, an aromatic odor 
is noticed ; and on adding a few drops of chloroform and heating, 
the disagreeable smell of isonitrile is produced. 

Dissolved in 2 ccm. of hydrochloric acid, and on boiling the result- 
ing solution for 1 minute, with 4 ccm. of the solution of carbolic acid, 
and afterwards adding the solution of bleaching powder, it acquires 
a dirty violet-blue color, which becomes blue for a long time, on 
supersaturating with ammonia water. 

A cold, saturated, aqueous solution of it should produce no change 
with dilute ferric chloride solution. 

No coloration should be produced by shaking 0.2 g. of it with 
2 ccm. of nitric acid ; 0.1 g. should dissolve without coloration in 
1 ccm. of sulphuric acid ; and upon ignition, 0.1 g. should be consumed 
without leaving any weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



f . 



ACET. AROMA. ACET. PYBOWO. CRUD. 



ACETUM AROMATICUM. 

Aromatic Vinegar. 

Take 

Cizmamon oil 1 pL 

Juniper oil 1 pu 

Lavender oil 1 i)^ 

Peppermint oil 1 p<. 

RoBznarin oil 1 p^- 

Lemon oil 2 ptx. 

Clove oil 2 pif- 

Alcohol 441 pti* 

Acetic acid 542 pi«. 

Distilled water 2008 pts. 

At first dissolve the oils in alcohol^ afterwards add acetic acid and 
water ; set aside the turbid mixture for 8 days with frequent stirring, 
and filter. 

A colorless, clear liquid, miscible with water in all proportions, 
and having an aromatic odor and an acid taste. 



ACETUM PYROLIGNOSUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Wood Vinegar. 



'O' 



A brown liquid, with an acid and somewhat bitter taste, and an 
odor resembling that of wood tar and acetic acid, and when kept for 
a long time, producing a substance resembling wood tar. 

Crude Wood Vinegar contaias more than 6 per cent, of pure acetic 
acid (C^H A =60.04). 

If 1 volume of it be diluted with 1 volume of water and filtered, 
the filtrate should give only a slightly blue coloration with the solution 
of yellow prussiate of potash, and produce only an opalescence, either 
with barium nitrate solution, or with silver nitrate solution, and pro- 
duce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 10 ccm. of normal potassium hydroxide solution be mixed witli 
10 ccm. of it, the mixture should not react alkaline 



ACET. SCIL. ACID. ACETI. 



ACETUM SCILLyt. 

Vinegar of Squill. 

Take 

Sqtiillf medium cut • . • • . 50 pis* 

Alcohol do pts. 

Acetic acid 75 pfs* 

DiBtilled water 375 pts. 

Mix alcohol, acetic acid and distilled water ; add squill to the mixture, 
and extract for 3 days in the cold, frequently shaking, in a well- 
stoppered bottle ; express lightly ; set aside for 24 hours, and filter. 

A clear, yellowish liquid, having an acid, followed by a bitter, taste. 

To neutralise 10 ccm. of the vinegar, 8-8.5 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. 

Acetic Acid. 

A clear, colorless, volatile liquid, with an acid taste. Specific 
gravity : 1.048. It contains 36 per cent, of pure acetic acid (C0H4O2 
= 60.04). 

If 1 volume of it be diluted with 6 volumes of water, and neutra- 
lised with sodium hydroxide solution, tlie resulting solution assumes 
a red color with ferric chloride solution. 

When neutralised with sodium hydroxide solution, it should not 
give a smoky odor. When mixed with the same volume of sulphuric 
add, it should not acquire any coloration, and on pouring carefully 
to that mixture, after cooling, half a volume of ferrous sulphate 
solution, so as to form 2 layers, no brownish ring should be produced 
at their contact surface. 

If 1 ccm. of the acid be mixed with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride 
solution, it should not acquire a dark color within an hour. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 6 volumes of water, tlie 
solution should not suffer any change with solutions of barium nitrate, 
silver nitrate, and of hydrogen sulphide, or with ammonia water. 



ACID. ACET. DIL. ^ACID. ACET. GLAC. 



If 15 ccm. of the acid be mixed with 1 ccm. of potassium per- 
manganate solution, the mixture should not lose its pink color in 
less than 10 minutes. 

To neutralise 2 ccm. of the acid, 12.6 ccm. ot normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Acetic Acid. 
Mix 

Acetic acid 17 pts. 

Distilled water 88 p/n. 

A clear, colorless liquid, of an acid taste and odor. 

It contains 6 per cent of pure acetic acid (C2H402= 60.04). It should 
respond to the tests and reactions given under Acidum Aceticum. 

To neutralise 10 ccm. of the acid, 10.1 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIALE. 

Glacial Acetic Acid. 
C8HA= 60.04 

A clear, colorless, volatile liquid, of a pungent, acid odor, and a 
strong, acid taste. When cooled, it solidifies to a crystalline mass, 
wliich melts again at about 16° C. It boils at 117 — 118°C., and is 
miscible with water, alcohol, and ether in all proportions. Specific 
gravity: 1.056-1.064. It contains more than 96 per cent, of pure 
acetic acid. 

If 1 volume ot the acid be diluted with 20 volumes of water, and 
neutralised with sodium hydroxide solution, the resulting solution 
produces a red coloration with ferric chloride solution. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 2 volumes of water, and 
neutralised with sodium hydroxide solution, no smoky odor should be 
produced. 

When mixed with an equal volume of sulphuric acid, it should 



ACID. ACET. GLAC. ACID. ACETSAI.ICYI,. 



acquire no coloration, and on pouring carefully to that mixture, after 
cooling, half a volume of ferrous sulphate solution, so as to form 2 
layers, no brownish ring should be produced at their contact surface. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 2 volumes of water, 1 ccm. 
of the resulting solution should produce no dark coloration within 
1 hour, with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 20 volumes of water, the 
resulting solution should produce ho change with solutions of barium 
nitrate, silver nitrate, and of hydrogen sulphide, or with ammonia 
water. 

If 1 ccm. of potassium permanganate solution be mixed with 5 ccm. 
of the acid, previously diluted with 15 ccm. of water, its pink color 
should not be lost within 10 minutes. 

If 1 part of the acid be diluted with 9 parts of water, 6 ccm. of 
the resulting solution should require at least 8.1 ccm. of normal 
potassium hydroxide solution for neutralisation. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles. 



ACIDUM ACETSALICYLICUM. 

Acetylsalicylic Acid. 

CgHgO^tzr 180.08 

A white, crystalline powder, almost odorless, slightly soluble in 
water, readily soluble in hot water, alcohol, and in ether. Melting 
point: 135° C. 

If 0.5 g. of the acid be boiled with 10 ccm. of sodium hydroxide 
solution for a few minutes, cooled, and an excess of dilute sulphuric 
acid be added, a white precipitate is produced, which is entirely 
soluble in ether, and gives a violet coloration with ferric chloride 
solution ; if the filtrate, obtained by separating the white precipitate, be 
boiled with alcohol, the odor of ethyl ester of acetic acid is produced. 

It should dissolve with no coloration in sulphuric acid. 

If 0.1 g. of the acid be dissolved in 5 ccm. of alcohol, and diluted 
with 20 ccm. of water, the resulting solution should produce no more 
than a feintly violet coloration, with a drop of ferric chloride solution. 

On ignition, it should be consumed without leaving any solid residue. 



6 ACID. ABSEN. ^ACID. BENZOIC. 



ACIDUM ARSENICOSUM. 

Arsenious Acid. 

ASA=198 

White, porcelain-like or glassy masses, or a white powder, odorless and 
tasteless ; slowly but completely soluble in 15 parts of boiling water. 

When heated carefully in a test-tube, it sublimes in tetrahedral 
or octahedral crystals with glassy lustre ; when thrown on ignited 
charcoal, it volatilises with an alliaceous odor. 

Its aqueous solution mixed with hydrochloric acid, produces, witli 
hydrogen sulphide solution, a yellow precipitate soluble in ammonia. 

It contains about 99 per cent, of pure arsenious acid. 

If 1 part of the acid be dissolved in 10 parts of ammonia water, 
the resulting clear solution, after diluting with 10 parts of water, 
should not acquire a yellow coloration, with an excess of hydrochloric 
acid. 

When heated in a glass-tube, it should sublime without leaving 
any solid residue, or, if any, only a very slight quantity. 

If O.f^ g. of the acid be dissolved, together wdth 3 g. of sodium 
bicarbonate, in boiling water, and made up to lOOccra. by adding 
cold water, 10 ccm. of the resulting solution should decolorise at least 
lOccm. of deci normal iodine solution. 
^Keep with special care. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

Benzoic Acid. 

QHoO^^ 122.06 

White, or ycUow^ish leaflets or needle-crystals, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, chloroform, and in sodium hydroxide solution, sparingly soluble 
in water, but largely soluble in boiling water ; subliming when heated, 
and melting at about 120° C. 



ACID. BENZOIC. ACID. BORIC. 



The aqueous solution of the acid produces a yellowish precipitate 
with ferric chloride solution. 

It should not have the odor of urine, and when heated, should 
volatilise without leaving any solid residue. 

If 1 part each, of the acid and of potassium permanganate, together 
with 10 parts of water, be put iu a test-tube, gently stoppered, and 
slightly warmed for 1 or 2 hours and cooled, no smell of benzaldehyde 
should be noticed on removing the stopper. 

If 0.2 g. of the acid and 0.3 g. of calcium carbonate be mixed with 
a little water, and the mixture dried, ignited, and the residue 
dissolved in nitric acid, and made up to 10 ccm. by adding water, 
the resulting solution should produce no more than an opalescence with 
silver nitrate solution. 

ACIDUM BORICUM. 
Boric Acid. 
H3 03=62.03 

Colorless leaflets, having a pearly lustre ; slowly soluble in 25 parts 
of water, readily soluble in 3 parts of boiling water, and in 15 parts 
of alcohol, also soluble in glycerin. 

When heated it melts and swells up, but, on cooling, solidifies to 
a colorless, transparent, gla&sy substance. 

Its aqueous solution, mixed with a few drops of hydrochloric acid, 
colors the turmeric paper reddish-brown, which becomes more distinct 
after drying, and changes to greenish-black on pouring a small quanti- 
ty of ammonia water. 

The solution of 1 part of the acid in 15 parts of alcohol, burns 
with a flame fringed with a green color. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the acid does not acquire any color, 
eitlier with hydrogen sulphide solution, or with ammonium sulphide 
solution ; it should produce no more than an opalescence with solutions of 
l)arium nitrate, silver nitrate, and of ammonium oxalate ; after adding 
ammonia water, it should not sufier any change with sodium phosphate 
solution; 50 ccm. of the same solution, after adding hydrochloric acid, 
should not at once assume a blue coloration, with 0.5 ccm. of the 
solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 



8 , ACaCD. CAMPHOR. ACID. CABBOL. 



ACIDUM CAMPHORICUM. 

Camphoric Acid. 
CioHiA=200.16 

Colorless, odorless leafts, soluble in about 150 parts of water, and 
in 8 parts of boiling water, with an acid reaction, readily soluble in 
alcohol and in ether, somewhat difficultly soluble in chloroform. 
Melting point: 186° C. 

A cold, saturated, aqueous solution of the acid should not suffer 
any change with solutions of silver nitrate, and of barium nitrate. 

If 2 ccm. of its aqueous solution be mixed with 2 ccm. of sulphuric 
acid, and after cooling, 1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution added care- 
fully, so as to form 2 separate layers, a brownish ring should not be 
produced at their contact surface. 

When heated, the acid completely volatilises in form of a white 
vapor, having a pungent odor. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the dry acid, 10 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 

Carbolic Acid. 
C6H60= 94.06 

Long, colorless, needle-shaped crystals, or a white crystalline mass, 
having a characteristic odor. When heated on a water-bath, the acid 
completely volatilises, molting at 40 — 42° C, and forming a highly 
refractive liquid, boiling at 178—182° C. 

When heated, it is consumed with a white flame ; soluble in 15 
parts of water, forming a clear, neutral solution ; miscible, in all 
proportions, with alcohol, ether, chloroform, glycerin, carbon disulpliide, 
and with sodium hydroxide solution. 

The solution of 20 parts of the acid in 10 parts of alcohol assumes 
a dirty green color, with 5 parts of ferric chloride solution, but if 
diluted with water and made to 1000 parts, it changes to a beautiful, 
violet coloration somewhat permanent. 



ACID. CARBOL. CRUD. ACID. CARBOL. LIQUE. 9 

The soIutioQ even of 1 part of it in 50,000 parts of water produces 
a white curdy precipitate with bromine water. 

It should not have a smoky or a disagreeable odor ; and on ignition, 
it should leave no solid residue. 

If 10 parts of it be mixed with 1 part of water, a clear liquid 
is obtained, which, however, becomes turbid by adding still more 
water, and clear again, when the water added reaches 200 parts. 

Keep with care. 



ACIDUM CARBOLICUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Carbolic Acid. 

Pink or reddish-brown or dark reddish-brown crystals, usually with 
a smoky odor, not completely soluble in water, soluble in ether and 
in alcohol, and soluble with turbidity in sodium hydroxide solution. 

The aqueous solution of the acid produces a white, curdy precipitate 
with bromine water, and assumes a violet color with ferric chloride 
solution. 

On ignition, it should be consumed, leaving, if any, only a slight 
solid residue. 

Keep with care. 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM LIQUEFACTUM. 

Liquefied Carbolic Acid. 
Melt 

Carbolic acid 100 pt^*. 

by warming gently, add to it 

Distilled water 10 pts. 

A colorless, clear liquid, having the odor of carbolic acid. Specific 
gravity: 1.068-1.069. 

If 2.3 ccm. of water be added to 10 ccm. of the acid at 15*^ C, the 
latter does not become turbid, but is rendered so by adding 8-10 
drops more of water, and this turbid solution should again become 
clear by adding 135-140 ccm. of water. 

Keep with care. 



10 ACID. CHROM. ^ACED. CITRI. 

ACIDUM CHROMICUM. 

Chromic Acid. 
C08= 100.5 

Dark brownish-red crystals, having a steel-like lustre, deliquescent in 
the air, and easily soluble in water. 

When mixed with alcohol or some other easily oxidisable matters, 
explosion or combustion may occur. When heated, it melts and 
evolves oxygen, getting a dark greenish color ; and when heated with 
hydrochloric acid, it produces chlorine. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 100) of the acid, after adding hydrochloric 
acid, should produce no more than a slight opalescence with barium 
nitrate solution. 

The residue, obtained by igniting 0.2 g. of it, should contain no 
substance soluble in water. 

Keep with care. 

ACIDUM CITRICUM. 

Citric Acid. 

CeHgOy+HgO^ 210.1 

Colorless, transparent crystals, stable in the air, but efflorescent when 
sliglitly warmed. When heated, it melts and then carbonises, soluble 
in 0.54 parts of water, 1 part of alcohol, and in about 50 parts of ether. 

On adding 40-50 ccm. of lime water to 1 ccm. of its aqueous solution 
(1 : 10), it remains clear ; but on boiling for 1 minute, a white, curdy 
precipitate is produced, which, on cooling, redissolves entirely within 
3 hours. 

If 1 g. of the acid be mixed with 10 ccm. of sulphuric acid, tiie 
resulting solution should acquire only a yellow, and not a brown 
color by warming on a water-bath. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 10) should produce no more than a slight 
opalescence with solutions of ^barium nitrate, and of ammonium oxalate. 

If 5 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of water, and almost neutra- 
lised with ammonia water, the resulting solution should suffer no 
change with the solution of hydrogen sulphide. 

On ignition, 0.5 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 



ACID. GALLI. ^ACID. HYDKOCHL. 11 



ACIDUM GALLICUM. 

Gallic Acid. { 

^HA+HjO^ 188.08 

7 . 
White, or brownish-white, odorless, needle-shaped crystals, with a 

silky lustre, having an astringent and slightly acid taste ; soluble in 

100 parts of water, and in 3 parts of boiling water, showing an acid 

reaction, and also soluble in 5 parts of alcohol, 50 parts of ether, 

and in 12 parts of glycerin. 

The aqueous solution of the acid reduces silver nitrate solution, and 
produces a bluish-black precipitate with ferric chloride solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 100) of it should produce no precipitate with 
solution of barium nitrate, and with solution of gelatine, or of 
albumen. 

When dried at 100^ C. to a constant weight, the acid should not 
lose more than 10 per cent, of its weight. 

On igniton, 0.2 g. of the acid should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Hydrochloric Acid. 

A clear, colorless liquid, fuming in the air, and completely volatilis- 
ing when heated. Specific gravity : 1.152. 

The acid contains 30 per cent, of hydrogen chloride (HC1 = 36.46). 

With silver nitrate solution, it yields a white, curdy precipitate, 
completely soluble in ammonia. When warmed with manganese 
dioxide, it gives off chlorine. 

The mixture of 1 ccm. of it with 3ccm. of stannous chloride solution, 
should acquire no dark color within an liour. 

If 1 volume of it be diluted with 6 volumes of water, and 
ammonia water added, so as almost to neutralise it, the addition of 
zinc iodide and starch solution should not at once produce a blue 



1 2 ACID. HYDROCHL. ACID. HYDROCYA. DIL. 



coloration, nor should the addition of hydrogen sulphide solution 
produce any change, nor should the addition of barium nitrate 
solution produce any change within 5 minutes ; it remains the same, 
even after acquiring a light yellow coloration, by adding iodine 
solution. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 12 volumes of water, 
10 ccm. of the resulting solution should produce no blue coloration, at 
once, on adding 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

To neutralise 3 ccm. of the acid, 28.4 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keej) with care in glass-stoppered bottles. 



ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid. 
Mix 

Hydrocliloric acid lj>^ 

Distilled water 2pt^ 

A clear, colorless liquid. Specific gravity: 1.05. 
The acid contains about 10 per cent, of hydrogen chloride (HC1 = 
36.46). 

It should respond to the same tests and reactions, as stated under 
Acidum Hydrocldoricicm, 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles. 

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid. 

A clear, colorless, volatile liquid, with an odor resembling that of 
bitter almonds, and having a weak acid reaction. Specific gravity : 
0.997. 

The acid contains 2 per cent, of hydrogen cyanide (HCN = 27.05). 

If it be supersaturated with sodium hydroxide solution, and mixed 
with ferrous sulphate solution, and a few drops of ferric chloride 
solution, it acquires a dark blue coloration, after adding an excess of 
hydrochloric acid. 



ACID. HYDKOCYA. DIL. ^ACID. LACTI. 15 

If the precipitate, produced by mixing it with silver nitrate solution, 
after completely removing the clear supernatant liquid, be boiled with 
a mixture of equal volumes of sulphuric acid and water, it should 
completely dissolve. After adding 1 or 2 drops of nitric acid, it 
should produce no more than a slight turbidity with silver nitrate 
solution ; and 5 ccm. of the acid, on evaporation, should leave no 
solid residue. 

K 5 com. of the acid be diluted with 90 ccm. of water, and mixed 
with 2 ccm. of potassium hydroxide solution, the resulting solution 
should require 18.5 ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution, added 
drop by drop with agitation, in order to produce a permanent whitish 
turbidity. 

Keep with special care, protected from light. 



ACIDUM LACTICUM. 

Lactic Acid. 

A clear, colorless or very slightly yellowish, syrupy liquid, without 
odor, but liaving a purely acid taste ; miscible, in all proportions, with 
water, alcohol, and ether. Specific gravity : 1.21-1.22. 

It contains about 75 per cent, of pure lactic acid (CsH603= 90.06). 

It evolves the odor of aldehyde, when warmed with the solution 
of potassium permanganate. When strongly heated, it carbonises and 
burns with a luminous flame. 

When warmed, it should not evolve any odor, like that of fatty 
acid. 

If poured on an equal volume of sulphuric acid, it should impart 
no coloration to the latter within 15 minutes. 

If 1 part of the acid be diluted with 9 parts of water, the 
resulting solution produces no change with solutions of hydrogen sulp- 
hide, barium nitrate, silver nitrate, and of ammonium oxalate, it should 
also produce no change with an excess of lime water, even after 
heating. 

If 1 ccm. of the acid be poured, drop by drop, into 2 ccm. of ether^ 
it should not be rendered turbid. 

On ignition, 0.5 g. of the acid should leave no solid residue. 



14 ACID. NITRI. ^ACIP. NriRI. CRUD. 



ACIDUM NITRICUM. 

Nitric Acid. 

A clear, colorless liquid, completely volatilising when heated. 
Specific gravity: 1.153. 

When warmed with copper filings, it dissolves the latter and produces 
a blue solution, evolving yellowish-red vapors. 

It contains 25 per cent, of pure nitric acid (HNOs= 63.05). 

If 1 part of the acid be mixed with 5 parts of water, and almost 
neutralised with ammonia water, the resulting solution produces no 
change with hydrogen sulphide solution, and should produce no more 
than a slight opalescence with barium nitrate solution, even after the 
lapse of 5 minutes. 

If 1 part of the acid be diluted with 5 parts of water, the resulting 
solution should produce no change with a solution of silver nitrate. 

If 1 part of the acid be diluted with 2 parts of water, arid a little 
pure zinc, and afterward a little chloroform be added and shaken, no 
violet coloration should be imparted to the latter. 

If 1 part of the acid be diluted witli 9 parts of water, lOccm. of 
the resulting solution should not at once acquire a blue coloration, 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow pru&siate of potash. 

To neutralise 5 ccm. of the acid, 22.9 ccm. of normal jwtassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keep with care in glass-stoppered bottles. 



ACIDUM NITRICUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Nitric Acid. 

A clear, colorless or light yellow liquid, evolving red fumes in 
air, and volatilising without leaving any residue, when heated. 
Specific gravity: 1.38-1.40. 

It contains more than 61 per cent, of pure nitric acid (HNOg^ 
63.05). 

Keep with care. 



ACm. NITRI. DIL. ACID. OLEINI. 15 



ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Nitric Acid. 
Mix 

Nitric acid 10 j3/«. 

Distdlled water 15 pt*. 

A clear, colorless liquid. Specific gravity : 1.056. 

It should conform with the tests and reactions given under Acidum 
Nitricum, 

It contains 10 per cent, of pure nitric acid (HN03= 63.05). 

To neutralise lOccm. of the acid, 16.8 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should bc^ required. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles. 

ACIDUM NITRICUM FUMANS. 

Fuming Nitric Acid. 

A clear, reddisli-browii liquid, evolving suffocating, yellowish-red 
vapors in air, and volatilising completely when heated. Specific 
gravity : 1.486-1.500. 

It contains about 86 j^er cent, of pure nitric acid (HN03 = 63.05). 

Keep with care, in glass-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 

ACIDUM OLEINICUM. 

Oleic Acid. 

C,8H3A= 282.341 

A light yellow or brownish-yellow, oily liquid, having a charac- 
teristic, lard -like odor and taste, absorbing oxygen and becoming 
gradually darker, on exposure to air. Specific gravity : about 0.1) 
Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, with a slightly acid reaction, 
and soluble in ether, chloroform, and fetty and volatile oils. When 
cooled to about 4° C, it becomes semi-solid, and on further cooling, 
congeals to a whitish, solid mass. 



16 ACID. OLEINI. ACID. PHOSPHORI. 

When heated to about 95° C, it evolves acrid vapors, and at a 
higher temperature, it is completely decomposed. 

A mixture of equal parts of oleic acid and alcohol, should form a 
clear solution without separating any oily drops on its surface. 

If 1 g. of the acid be heated with 20 ccm. of alcohol, and 2 drops of 
the solution of phenolphthalein added, followed by a strong solution 
(1 : 4) of sodium hydroxide, drop by drop, until the liquid acquires 
a permanent red color, then the oleic acid is completely saponified ; and 
if acetic acid be added, until the red color of the solution is just 
discharged, and the liquid be filtered, then 10 ccm. of the filtrate, 
mixed with 10 ccm. of ether, should not be rendered more than slightly 
turbid by shaking with 1 ccm. of lead acetate solution. 



ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

Phosphoric Acid. 

A clear, colorless, odorless liquid. Specific gravity : 1.12. 

It contains 20 per cent, of pure phosphoric acid (H3PO4 = 98.03). 

After neutralising it with a solution of sodium carbonate, silver 
nitrate solution produces a yellow precipitate, soluble in nitric acid 
and in ammonia water. 

A mixture of 1 ccm. of it with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution, 
should not acquire a dark coloration within an hour. 

It should produce no change with the soljition of silver nitrate, 
even w^hon warmed, and also produce no coloration with hydrogen 
sulphide solution. 

If 1 volume of it be diluted with 3 volumes of water, the resulting 
solution should not be rendered turbid with the solution of barium 
nitrate ; it should produce no change, with an excess of ammonia 
water, and also with the solution of ammonium oxalate, after super- 
saturating with ammonia water. 

If 1 volume of the acid be mixed with 4 volumes of alcohol, the 
solution should not lose its clearness. 

If 2 ccm. of it be mixed with 2 ccm. of sulphuric acid and cooled, 
and 1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution be poured on to the surface so 



ACID. PHOBPHOBI. DIL. ACW. PIORINI. 17 

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ I IT —^^^1 

as to form 2 layers, no brownish ring sliould be formed at their 
contact sur&ce. 

Keep in ghiss-stoppered bottles. 



ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Phosphoric Acid. 
Mix 

Phosphoric acid 1 P^- 

DiatiUed water 1 pi- 

A clear, colorless liquid. Specific gravity: 1.057. 

Dilute Phosphoric Acid contains 10 per cent, of pure phosphoric 
acid (H8P04= 98.03). 

It should conform to the reactions and tests given under Acidum 
Ph osphoricum. 



ACIDUM PICRINICUM. 

Picric Acid. 

C8H3NA= 229.1 

Lustrous, yellow leaflets or needle crystals, having an intensely 
bitter taste ; soluble in 86 parts of water, forming a bright yellow 
solution, and showing an acid reaction, somewhat soluble in hot 
water, alcohol, and in ether ; and being consumed with explosion, 
when heated to a higher temperature. Melting point : 122.6® C. 

An alcoholic solution of Picric Acid imparts a bright yellow color 
to white wool or silk ; and if to its warm solution (1 : 10), potassium 
cyanide solution (1 : 2) be added, a dark red coloration is produced. 

When dissolved in petroleum benzin, it forms an almost colorless, 
clear solution. 

AVhen heated carefully, it should be consumed without leaving 
any solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



18 ACID. SALICfYX. ^ACID. STEAR. 



ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
Salicylic Acid. 
C7H,Os= 138.06 

White, needle-shaped crystals or light, white, crystalline powder, 
without odor, having a sweet, acid and somewhat acrid taste ; soluble 
in about 500 parts of water, and in 15 parts of boiling water, showing 
an acid reaction, and easily soluble in hot chloroform, alcohol, and 
in ether. Melting point : about 157^ C. 

An aqueous solution of Salicylic Acid acquires a permanent 
bluish-violet coloration with ferric chloride solution, which changes 
to violet-red when exceedingly diluted. 

If 1 part of the acid be dissolved in 6 parts of sulphuric acid, 
almost no coloration should be produced. 

If 0.5 g. of the acid be dissolved at ordinary temperatures in 
lOccm. of sodium carbonate solution (1 : 10), and shaken with ether, 
and the ethereal solution allowed to evaporate spontaneously, the 
residue should be, if any, only very slight, and should have no 
odor of carbolic acid. 

The solution obtained by dissolving 1 part of the acid in 9 parts 
of alcohol should leave, on evaporating the alcohol at ordinary 
temperatures, a purely white residue ; the same solution, after adding 
a little nitric acid, should produce no more than an opalescence with 
a solution of silver nitrate. 

On ignition, 0.5. g. of the acid should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

ACIDUM STEARICUM. 

Stearic Acid. 

C,8H360o= 284.36 

White, odorless, solid masses, with granular and crystalline fractures; 
insoluble in water, and soluble in boiling alcohol, and in ether. 
Melting point : 60 — 65° C. 



ACtD. STEAR. ACID. SULFURI. 19 

If Stearic Acid be dissolved in boiliag alcohol and neutralised with 
sodium liydroxide solution and evaporated, the resulting residue should 
be iusoluble in petroleum benzin, but if it contains any soluble part, 
it should be only in mere traces. 

On boiling 1 g. of the acid in a large glass-bottle, together with 
1 g. of sodium carbonate and 30 ecm. of water, an almost clear solution 
should be obtaineil. 

AVhen heated, it should be consumed %vithout leaving any solid re- 
i>idue. 

ACIDUM SULFURICUM. 

Sulphuric Acid. 

A clear, colorless, odorless liquid of oily consistence, (completely 
volatilising when heated. Spcicific gravity : 1.836 — 1.840. 

When diluted with water, Sulphuric Acid yields, with barium 
nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in acids. 

It contains 94 — 98 jier cent, of pure sulphuric acid (H2S04 = 98.08). 

If 1 octm. of a cold mixture of 1 volume of the acid with 2 volumes 
of water be added to 3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution, the 
mixture should not acquire a dark coloration within an hour. 

If 1 volume of the acid be mixed with 5 volumes of alcohol, the 
mixture should not be rendered turbid for a long time. 

If »i or 4 drops of potassium permanganate solution be mixed with 
10 ccm. of the cold solution, formed by diluting the acid with 6 
volumes of water, an immediate decoloration should not take place. 

If 1 volume of the acid be diluted with 19 volumes of water, 
tlie resulting solution should produce no change with a solution of 
silver nitrate ; if 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash 
be added to 10 ccm. of the same diluted solution, no blue color 
should be produced immediately after the solution is almost neutralised 
with ammonia water ; the same solution should also produce no 
change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 2 layers of liquids be formed by pouring 1 ccm. of a solution 
of ferrous sulphate on to 2 ccm. of the acid, no browni-li ring should 
api)ear at their contact surface. 

If 2 layers of liquids be formed by adding 2 ccm. of hydrochloric 
«cid, in which 1 or 2 small pieces of sodium sulphite were di&solved, 



20 ACID. 8ULFURI. CRUD. ACID. TANKI. 

to 2 ccm. of the acid^ a reddish ring should not appear at their contact 
surfiioe, and if warmed, no red precipitate should be produced. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the acid, 1.92^ — 20ocm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keep with care in glass-stoppered bottles. 

ACIDUM SULFURICUM CRUDUM. 
Crude Sulphuric Acid. 

A clear, colorless or brownish liquid of oily consistence. 
Specific gravity : above 1.82. 

Crude Sulphuric Acid contains more than 91 per cent, of pure 
sulphuric acid (H8S04 = 98.08). 

Keep with care in glass-stoppered bottles. 

ACIDUM SULFURICUM DILUTUM. 

Dilute Sulphuric Acid. 
Mix 

Sulphuric acid lpt» 

Distilled water • • • . . 9 P^- 

A clear, colorless liquid. Specific gravity : 1.0645 — 1.0670. 

Dilute Sulphuric Acid contains 9.4 — 9.8 per cent, of pure sulphuric 
acid (H,S04= 98.08). 

It should conform with the reactions and tests given under Addum 
Sidphuricum. 

To neutralise lOccm. of the acid, 20.4 — 21 .2 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles. 

ACIDUM TANNICUM. 

Tannic Acid. 

ChH,o09+ 2H,0 = 358.14 

A white or yellowish powder, or shining, almost colorless, coarse 
scales, having a strongly astringent taste ; soluble in 5 parts of water, 



ACID. TANNI. ACID. TARTARI. 21 

showing an acid reaction, and also soluble in 2 parts of alcohol, and 
glycerin, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, and in benzene. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 5) of Tannic Acid produces a precipitate 
on adding sulphuric acid or sodium chloride, and also yields, with 
ferric chloride solution, a bluish-black precipitate which redissolves 
in sulphuric acid. 

K 2 com. of the aqueous solution (1 : 6) of the acid be mixed with 
2ocm. of alcohol, the solution should remain clear, and not become 
turbid on adding 1 ccm. of ether. 

When dried at 100° C, it should lose not more than 12 per cent 
of its weight. 

On ignition, 4g. of the acid should leave not more than 0.012 g., 
if any, of solid residue ; and if that residue be dissolved in 2 ccm. 
of acetic acid, and be diluted with 8 ccm. of water and filtered, 
5 ccm. of the resulting filtrate should, on adding hydrogen sulphide 
solution, produce no more than a slight turbidity. 

ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 
Tartaric Acid. 
C,H«0,= 150.06 

Colorless, odorless, translucent, prismatic crystals, often crystalline 
crusts, or a white, crystalline powder, permanent in the air ; soluble in 
0.8 parts of water, 2.5 parts of alcohol, or in 250 parts of ether, 
almost insoluble in chloroform, and in benzene ; producing the odor 
of burning sugar on combustion. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 3) of Tartaric Acid yields a crystalline 
precipitate with potassium acetate solution, and with an excess ol 
lime water, a flocculent precipitate, which, however, changes gradually 
into a crvstalline one, and is soluble in ammonium chloride solution 
or in sodium hydroxide solution ; the latter solution produces a 
gelatinous precipitate when boiled, but redissolves on cooling. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 10) of the acid should produce no more 
than a slight turbidity with barium nitrate solution, or ammonium 
oxalate solution ; and if almost neutralised witli ammonia water, it 
should not produce any change with calcium sulphate solution. 



22 ACID. TARTAR. ABE. LAN. ANHYD. 

. If 5 g. of the acid be dissolved in 10 com. of water and almast 
neutralised with ammonia^ the solution should produce no change 
with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

On ignition, 5 g. of the acid should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

ACIDUM TRICHLORACETICUM. 

Trichloracetic Acid. 
C,HCl302 = 163.36 

Colorless, deliquescent crystals, having a slightly pungent odor; 
soluble in water, showing a strongly acid reaction, soluble in alcohol, 
and in ether. Melting point: about 5o°C. Boiling point: about 195°C. 

Trichloracetic Acid volatilises completely on heating, leaving no 
residue. 

When heated with an excess of potassium hydroxide solution, it 
evolves the odor of chloroform. 

If 10 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 10) be mixed with 2 drops 
of decinormal silver nitrate solution, the mixture should produce, 
if any, no more than a slight opalescence. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the dried acid, not more than 6.1 ccni. of 
normal potassium hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keep with care. 

ADEPS BENZOATUS. 

Benzoinated Lard. 
Melt 

Lard 99 P^.. 

on a water-bath and dissolve in it 

Benzoic acid 1 p(- 

ADEPS LAN/£ ANHYDRICUS. 
Anhydrous Wool Fat. 

The purified fat of the wool of sheep, freed from water ; light yellow, 



ADE. LAN. ANHYD. ADE. LAN. C. AQU. 23 

ointment-like masses, almost odorless, soluble in ether, and in chloro- 
form, but insoluble in water, not losing its ointment-like consistence^ 
even after being mixed with more than twice its volume of water. 
Melting point : about 40*^ C. 

If 2 layers of liquids be formed by carefully pouring the chloroform 
solution (1 : 50) of Anhydrous Wool Fat on sulphuric acid, a brownish- 
red ring should gradually be produced at their contact surface, which 
becomes very distinct after about 24 hours. 

The solution of 2 g. of it in 10 ccm. of ether should remain 
colorless on addition of 2 drops of plienolphthalcin solution, and 
acquire a red coloration on adding 0.1 ccm. of decinormal potassium 
hydroxide solution. 

If 10 g. of it and 50 g. of water be heated with continuous stirring, 
on a water-bath until it is melted, tliere should result, after cooling, a 
light yellow, anhydrous, fatty layer on a clear aqueous solution, which 
has a neutral reaction, and leaves no glycerin on being evaporated, and 
which, when heated with the addition of lime water, should evolve no 
alkaline vapors ; if 2 drops of solution of potassium permanganate 
be added tolOocm. of this same aqueous solution previously filter- 
ed, a permanent red coloration should be produced. 

If 1 g. of it be boiled with 20 ccm. of absolute alcohol and filtered 
after cooling, the filtrate should become clear again on warming, even 
if once rendered turbid by the addition of alcoholic solution (1 : 20) 
of silver nitrate. 

It should lose no weight by drying on a water-bath. 

Not more than 0.1 per cent., if any, of solid residue should be 
left on ignition, and that residue should not turn blue a red litmus 
paper, previously moistened with water. 



ADEPS LAN/E CUM AQUA. 

Hydrous Wool Fat. 
Mix 

Wool fat 75 pf8. 

Distilled water . . . . 25 pt^^ 

Yellowish-white, ointment-like masses, almost free from any odor. 
When warmed on a water-bath, it melts and separates into an oily 



24 ADE, LAN. C. AQU.— ADEP8 SUILL. 

and an aqueous layer, thegL the latter is separateijL, and, the fiit, 
obtained by drying the oily layer on a water-bath, should oonform 
with the tests and reactions given under Adepa Larue Anhydricus. 

When dried at 100^ C, it should lose not more than 26 per cent, 
of its weight. 



ADEPS SUILLUS. 
Hog's Lard. 

The anhydrous fat prepared from the internal, fresh fitt-tissue of 
the abdomen of the healthy hog, Sua sorofa^ Linn., by washing an d 
cleaning at first, and melting out the fat, and removing the aqueous 
part. 

White, soft, homogeneous masses, with a faint, characteristic odor, 
free from rancidity, and melting at 36 — 42° C. to a clear liquid, 
which is colorless in a layer not thicker than 1 cm. 

If 10 g. of Hc^s Ijard be dissolved in 10 ccm. of chloroform, and 
lOccm. of alcohol and 1 drop of phenophthalein solution added, then 
the mixture should obtain a red color on adding 0.2 ccm. of normal 
potassium hydroxide solution, and shaking strongly. 

If 2 parts of it be mixed with 3 parts of potassium hydroxide 
solution and 2 parts of alcohol, and the mixture boiled till it becomes 
dear, the solution should produce no more than a slight opalescence, 
on adding 60 parts of water and 10 parts of alcohol. 

If 0.3 g. of it be dissolved in 15 ccm. of chloroform in a glass- 
stoppered bottle, and mixed with an alcoholic solution of iodine and 
that of corrosive sublimate, each 10 ccm.; and if the mixture thus 
prepared, after standing, protected from direct sunlight for 4 hours, 
be decolorised by adding 2.5 g. of potassium iodide and 100 ccm. ot 
water, and by pouring in, drop by drop, decinormal sodium thio- 
sulphate solution, 100 parts of the lard should absorb more than 
46 parts, and not more than 73 parts of iodine. 

If 5 g. of it be shaken in a test-tube with the solution made by 
dissolving 0.05 g. of silver nitrate in a mixture of 3 ccm. of ether, 
12 ccm. of alcohol, and 2 drops of dilute nitric acid, and put in a water- 
bath for 15 minutes, no brown or black color should be produced. 



AETH. AETH. ACBTI. 26 



AETHER. 

Ether. 
C4H,oO=74.1 

A colorless^ clear, exceedingly volatile liquid of a neutral reaction, 
having a characteristic odor and taste; niiscible, in all proportions, with 
alcohol, and fittty oils. Boiling point : 35° C. Specific gravity : 0.72. 

Dropped and volatilised on a filter-paper. Ether should leave no 
odor ; 10 ccm. of it, when evaporated on a water-bath, should leave 
no residue. 

On spontaneously evaporating 5 ccm. of it in a dish, a blue litmus 
pai)er should not be turned red, when placed in the moist interior. 

If it be sprinkled upon newly ground potassium hydroxide, and 
set aside tightly closed and protected from light, the latter should not 
obtain a yellowish color within half an hour. 

If 10 volumes of it and 1 volume of potassium iodide solution be 
put in a well-stoppered glass-bottle, so as to make it quite full, 
and set aside, protected from light, and with frequent shaking, it 
should acquire no coloration within an hour. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



AETHER ACETICUS. 

Acetic Ether. 

C4HA=88.08 

A colorless, transparent, volatile liquid, having a characteristic, 
refreshing and cooling fragrance ; miscible, in all proportions, with 
alcohol, ether, or chloroform. Boiling point : 74 — 76° C. Specific 
gravity: 0.900—0.904. 

Acetic Ether should not at once redden a blue litmus pape^ . 

When sprinkled and volatilis(jd on a filter-paper, no foreign, ethereal 
odor sliould be noticed at the moment when its last traces leave the 



26 AETH. ACETI. AETH. PR. KAROO. 

paper ; and when evaporated on a water-batli, it should leave no 
residue. 

On adding it carefully to an equal volume of sulphuric acid, so 
as to form 2 layers of liquids, no coloration should be produced at 
their contact surface. 

If it be strongly shaken with an equal volume of water, the latter 
should increase not more than one-tenth of its orginal volume. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



AETHER PRO NARCOSL 

Narcotic Ether. 
C4HioO=74.1 

A colorless, clear, and exceedingly volatile liquid of a neutral 
reaction, having a characteristic odor and taste ; raiscible, in all 
proportions, with alcohol, and fatty oils. Boiling point : 35° C 
Specific gravity : 0.72. 

When sprinkled upon a filter-paper and volatilised. Narcotic Ether 
should leave no odor, and when evaporated on a water-bath, it should 
leave no residue. 

If 20 ccm. of it be allowed to evaporate spontaneously in a dish, 
a blue litmus pajier should neither be decolorised nor turned red, on 
being placed in the moist interior. 

If it be sprinkled upon newly ground potassium hydroxide, and 
allowed to stand tightly closed and protected from light, the latter 
should not acquire a yellowish color within 6 hours. 

If 10 volumes of it and 1 volume of potassium iodide solution 
be put in a well-stoppered glass-bottle, so as to make it quite full, 
and set aside, protected from light, and with frequent shaking, it 
should acquire no coloration within 3 hours. 

Keep in small, well-stoppered, brown-colored bottles, filled quite 
full, in a dark cool place. 



AETHYL. BROMA. AGARICI. 27 



AETHYLIUM BROMATUM. 

Ethyl Bromide. 

C2H3Br = 109.01 
Mix 

Sulphuric acid 12 pif- 

Alcohol (fpeei/ic gravity: 0.810) 7 pts. 

after cooling, gradually add 

Powdered potassium bromide 12 pt^^- 

distill the mixture on a sand-bath ; sliake tlie distillate witl) an equal 
volume of sulphuric acid, and after removing the latter, slmke again 
with a solution (1 : 20) of potassium carbonate, and aft«r drying with 
calcium chloride, redistill the lower layer on a water-bath. 

A colorless, clear, volatile, highly refractive liquid, having a neutral 
reaction, and an agreeable ethereal odor ; not miscible with water, but 
clearly miscible with alcohol, and with ether. Boiling point : 38 — 
40° C. Specific gravity : 1.453—1.407. 

If 5 ccm. of Ethyl Bromide l)c shaken with an equal volume of 
sulphuric acid in a glass-stoppered cylinder of 3 cm. in diameter, no 
coloration should be produced within an hour. 

If 5 ccm. of it be shaken witli an equal volume of water for a few 
minutes, and 2.5 ccm. of the aqueous part quickly taken, and a drop 
of silrer nitrate solution be added, the solution should remain clear 
at least for 5 minutes. 

Keep in a cool place, protected from light. 

AGARICINUM. .^^ 

Agaricine. 

CifiH,,A+ 11,0 = 320.32 

A white, crystalline, odorless powder, melting at about 140° C. to 
a light yellow liquid, and when heated to a heigher temperature, 
evolving white fumes, carbonising and emitting an odor, which re- 
sembles that of burnt fat. Agaricine dissolves sparingly in water. 



28 AGAKICI. ALBU. TANNI. 

but swells in hot water, and dissolves clearly witli foaming in boiling 
water which, on cooling, becomes turbid and shows an acid reaction ; 
soluble in 130 parts of alcohol, and in 10 parts of hot alcohol, 
soluble in hot glacial acetic acid and in hot turpentine oil, sparingly 
soluble in ether, but almost insoluble in chloroform. It dissolves in 
potassium hydroxide solution or in ammonia water, forming a clear 
solution which foams strongly on shaking. 

On heating with lOccm. of dilute sulphuric acid, it forms a 
turbid solution which, if allowed to stand on a water-bath, deposits 
oily drops, solidifying to crystalline masses when cooled. 

On ignition, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 

ALBUMEN OVI SICCUM. 
Dry White of the Egg. 

Transparent, colorless, tasteless and horny masses, soluble in water 
with turbidity, sliowing a neutral reaction, but insoluble in alcohol 
and in ether. 

If 5 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 1000) be carefully warmed 
with 10 drops of nitric acid, an abundance of flocculent precipitate 
is produced. 

If 10 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 100) be mixed with 5 ccm. 
of carbolic acid solution and 6 drops of nitric acid, shaken and 
filtered, the filtrate should be clear, and a milky turbidity should 
not be produced at the contact surface of the two layers of liquids, 
formed by 5 ccm. of the filtrate and 5 ccm. of alcohol ; 5 ccm. of the 
same filtrate should also produce a pure yellow, and not a reddish- 
yellow color, with 1 drop of decinorraal iodine solution. 

ALBUMINUM TANNICUM. 

Albumen Tannate. 
Take 

White of the egg 20 pi^- 

dissolve it in 

Distilled water 200 i>/«. 






ALBU. TANNI. AIXX). AR80L. 29 

filter; to the filtrate add an aqueous solution formed with 

Tannic acid 13 pf*. 

DIsiilled water 130 pit. 

collect the resulting precipitate on a fiIter*clotb ; wash with 200 
parts of water ; after drying at 30*^ C, reduce to powder and dry it 
in thin layers for 6 hours at 115 — 120**C. 

An odorless, brownish powder, very slightly soluble in water and 
iu alcohol. 

Albumen Tannate, when shaken with water and filtered, gives a 
iiltrate which acquires a deep blue coloration with 1 drop of ferric 
chloride solution ; when boiled with water and filtered, the filtrate 
produces a precipitate on the addition of albumen solution. 

After boiling with sodium hydroxide solution and cooling, it 
produces the odor of hydrogen sulphide on supersaturating with 
hydrochloric acid. 

If 1 g. of it be mixed with 0.25 g. of pepsine, previously dissolved 
in 100 com. of water, 1 ccm. of dilute hydrochloric acid added, warmed 
for 3 hours at 40° C. and filtered, and the residue left on the filter- 
paper be washed with 10 ccm. of water, dried at 100° C. and weighed ; 
and if 1 g. of it be again treats just in the same way as before, and 
the residue extracted again for 3 hours at 40° C, with the solution 
of 1.5 g. of sodium carbonate in 100 ccm. of water, filtered, and the 
residue on the filter-paper again washed with water, dried at 100° C* 
and weighed, then the difierence of these 2 residues should be not 
less than 0.2 g. 

On ignition, it should leave not more than 1 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

ALCOHOL ABSOLUTUS. 

Absolute Alcohol. 

C,H6() = 46.06 

A colorless, transparent, volatile liquid, showing a neutral reaction ; 
with an agreeable, characteristic, penetrating odor and a burning 
taste ; clearly miscible, in all proportions, with water, ether, . chloro- 
form, and benzene. Boiling point : 78.5° C. Specific gravity : 0.796 
--0.800. 



30 ALOO. ABSOL. AIX). 



Absolute Alcohol contains 99.4 — 99.7 per cent, by volume, or 99 — 
D9.6 per cent, by weight, of pure alcohol. It should have no foreigu 
odor, and be miscible witli water without producing turbidity. 

If lOccm. of it be mixed with o ccm. of the solution of silver 
nitrate, the resulting solution should neither be rendered turbid, 
nor acquire any coloration even after warming. 

If 10 ccm. of it be evaporated with the addition of 0.2 ccm. of 
potassium hydroxide solution, until it becomes 1 ccm., and then 
supersaturated with dilute sulphuric acid, no odor of fusel oil should 
be evolved. 

If 5 ccm. of it be carefully ix)ured into a test-tube, already containinj; 
5 ccm. of sulphuric acid to form two layers of liquids, a rose-red 
coloration should not appear at their contact surface, even after a louj; 
standing. 

If 10 ccm. of it be mixed with 1 ccm. of potassium permanganate 
solution, no decoloration should take place within 20 minutes. 

It fcihould acquire no coloration witli hydrogen sulphide solution, 
and with ammonia water. 

If 5 ccm. of it be evaporated on a water-bath, no weighable residue 
should be left behind. 

Keep in well-stop]>ered bottles. 



ALOE. 

f Aloe^;. 

The juice c»ollected from the leaves of various species of Aloe, 
cva}X)rated to dryness. 

Dark brown, brittle masses, with translucent, conchoidal fractures 
and gla&sy lustre ; of a reddish or light brown color ; having a charac- 
teristic odor and a bitter taste ; not crvstalliue when examined under 
the microscope. 

On boiling Aloes with chloroform, or on adding ether, it acquires 
only a slightly yellowish color ; and the ethereal solution, on being 
evaporated, leaves a sticky residue of a very slightly yellow color. 

If it be dissolved in hot water, and a strong solution of sodium 
borate added, the solution acquires a greenish fluores(H?nce. 



AIX). ^ALUM. 31 

If a inixture of 5 parts of it with 60 parts of water be boiled, 
an almost clear solution is produced which, on cooling, should deposit 
about 3 parts; the solution obtained by heating it with 5 parts of 
alcohol should not become turbid on cooling. 

On pouring nitric acid upon its broken pieces, only a slightly 
greenish color, and not a red coloration should be produced on their 
edges within 3 minutes. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 3 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

In order to prepare its powder, thoroughly dried material should 
be used ; and its powder, when heated at 100° C, should neither melt 
together nor change its color and lustre. 



ALUMEN. 

Alum. 

Al2Kj(S04)4 + 24H2O = 949.22 

Colorless, transparent, hard, octahedral crystals, or crystalline masses, 
frequently having a white coating on their surfaces ; with a sliglitly 
sweet and astringent taste ; soluble in 10.5 parts of water, showing 
an acid reaction, but insoluble in alcohol ; when heated, melting 
at first and swelling up, and lastly turning into porous, white masses. 

An aqueous solution of Alum produces, with sodium hydroxide 
solution, a white gelatinous precipitate which is soluble in excess, but 
reappears on adding an excess of ammonium chloride solution. 

On shaking strongly with a solution of tartaric acid, its saturated 
aqueous solution yields a crystalline precipitate within half an 
bour. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20) produces no change with hydrogen 
sulphide solution ; 20 ccm. of the same solution should not at once 
acquire a blue coloration with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow 
prussiate of potash. 

If 1 g. of it be heated with 1 ccm. of water and 3 ccm. of sodium 
hydroxide solution, no anmionia should be evolved. 



32 ALUM. EXSIC. ALUM I. SULFUBI. 



ALUMEN EXSICCATUM. 
Exsiccated Alum. 

A1JC^S04)4=516.74 

A white powder, gradually but almost completely, soluble in 30 
parts of water. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 40) of Exsiccated Alum should respond to 
the reactions and tests stated under Alumen, 

When slightly ignited, it should lose not more than 10 per cent, 
of its weight. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

ALUMINIUM SULFURICUM. 

Aluminium Sulphate. 

Al2(S04)8+18H20=666.74 

White, crystalline fragments, soluble in 1.2 parts of water, readily 
soluble in hot water, forming a solution with an acid reaction, but 
insoluble in alcohol ; and having an acid and astringent taste. 

An aqueous solution of Aluminium Sulphate produces, with barium 
nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in hydrochloric acid ; the 
same solution produces, with sodium hydroxide solution, a colorless, 
gelatinous precipitate which is soluble in excess, but is reprecipitated 
by the addition of a large quantity of ammonium chloride solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 10) of the salt should be colorless and 
clear, and produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution, and 
also produce no more than an opalescence on the addition of an 
equal volume of decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution. 

If 20 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt be mixed 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no blue 
coloration should at once be produced. 

If 1 g. of its powder, dried at 100° C, be mixed with 3 ccm. of 
stannous chloride solution, no dark coloration should be produced 
within an hour. 



AMMONIAC. AMMO^'I. BENZOIC. 33 



AMMONIACUM. 
Ammoniaeum. 

A gam-resin obtained from Dorema Ammonia v am Don. 

In brownish-colored tears, or masses of moderate size, separated or 
sticking together ; freshly broken surfaces, showing an opaque, white 
color ; brittle when cold ; softening but not melting to a clear liquid 
at a high temperature, and having a characteristic odor and a bitter, 
acrid and aromatic taste. 

The turbid liquid, obtained by boiling 1 part of Ammoniaeum 
with 10 parts of water, produces a dirty reddish- violet color with 
ferric chloride solution. 

If 1 part of it be triturated with 3 parts of Vater, a milky emul- 
sion is obtained which, on adding sodium hydroxide solution, acquires 
at first a yellow and then a brown color. 

If 5g. of it be finely ground, and boiled for 15 minutes with about 
13 ccm. of fuming hydrochloric acid and filtered, the resulting clear 
filtrate, on being carefidly supersaturated by adding ammonia water, 
should display no blue fluorescence with reflected light. 

WTien thoroughly extracted with boilipg alcohol, it leaves a residue 
which, after drying, should not exceed 40 per cent. 

On ignition, it should leave not more than 6 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

In order to reduce it to powder, it should be dried in a desiccator, 
and ground at as low a temperature as passible. 



AMMONIUM BENZOICUM. 

Ammonium Benzoate. 

C:Hj>XO.=139.13 

Tiiin laminar crystals, or a crystalline powder, odorless, or having 
a slight odor of benzoic acid; soluble in 6 parts of water and in 1.2 
parts of boiling water, showing a neutral, or a slightly acid reac- 
tion, and also soluble in 30 i)arts of alcohol. Melting point: 190° C. 



34 AMMONI. BENZOIC. AMMONI. BROMAT. 

When strongly heated, Amraonium Benzoate volatilises, emitting 
vapors having the odors of ammonia and of benzoic acid. 

An aqueous solution of it produces, with ferric chloride solution, a 
reddish-yellow precipitate, and with hydrochloric acid, a crystalline, 
flooculent precipitate which redissolves on heating, and the same 
solution, when warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, evolves the 
odor of ammonia. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
solutions of hydrogen sulphide, ammonium sulphide, and of barium 
nitrate ; and after the addition first of an equal volume of alcohol, 
then a small quantity of nitric acid, the same aqueous solution should 
produce no more than an opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be mixed with 1 ccm. of sodium carbonate 
solution, evaporated to dryness and gently ignited, and the residue 
dissolved in 30 ccm. of water and filtered, the filtrate, after being 
acidified with nitric acid, should produce no more than an opalescence 
with silver nitrate solution. 

On heating, it should be consumed without leaving any solid residue. 

Keep in well-closed vessels. 



AMMONIUM BROMATUM. 

Ammonium Bromide. 

NH4Br= 98.04 

Colorless crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, turning slightly 
yellow on a long exposure to the air ; soluble in 1.5 parts of water and 
in about 150 parts of alcohol, and completely volatilising when heated. 

If an aqueous solution of Ammonium Bromide be slmken with a 
small quantity of chlorine water and chloroform, the latter acquires a 
reddish-brown color ; on heating with sodium hydroxide solution, the 
same aqueous solution evolves ammonia. 

If a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid be brought in contact with 
a little of the powdered salt in a porcelain dish, it should not at 
once assume a yellowish color. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt is clear and neutral, and 
sliould produce no change with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, 



AMMONI. BROMAT. AMMONI. CHLOEAT. 35 

or of barium nitrate, and also with dilute sulphuric acid ; 20 ccra. of 
the same aqueous solution should not at once give a blue coloration 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

If 3 g. of the salt, dried at 100^ C, be dissolved in 100 ccm. of 
water, then 10 ccm. of the resulting solution, after adding 1 or 2 drops 
of potassium chromatc solution, should require not more than 30.9 ccm. 
of decinormal silver nitrate solution to produce a permanent red 
coloration. 

AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 

Ammonium Carbonate. 
C2HhN305=157.23 

Colorless, hard, compact, translucent, striated, crystalline masses, 
having the strong odor of ammonia ; becoming, when exposed to the 
air, opaque and white by efflorescence ; volatile when heated ; slowly 
but completely soluble in about 5 parts of water, showing an alkaline 
reaction, and soluble with much effervescence in dilute acids. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of Ammonium Carbonate, on being 
suj^ersaturated with acetic acid, produces no change with solutions of 
barium nitrate, ammonium oxalate, and of hydrogen sulphide ; the 
!>ame aqueous solution, when supersaturated with hydrochloric acid, 
acquires no red coloration with ferric chloride solution ; and after 
adding an excess of silver nitrate solution, it produces, with an excess 
of nitric acid, neither a brown color nor any more than an opales- 
c-euce within 2 minutes. 

If 1 g. of the salt be supersaturated with nitric acid and evaporated 
on a water-bath, a colorless residue is obtained, which should be 
completely volatilised on heating. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

AMMONIUM CHLORATUM. 
Ammoniam Chloride. 
NH4C1= 53.53 
A white, crystalliac powder, or hard, fibrous, crystalline ma.sses; 



' 



36 AMMONI. CHLORAT. ^AMMONI. StTLFOICHTHY. 

odorless ; permanent in the air ; volatile when heated ; soluble in 
3 parts of water, and in equal parts of boiling water, but insoluble 
in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Ammonium Chloride yields, on the addition 
of silver nitrate solution, a white curdy precipitate which is completely 
soluble in ammonia water ; the same aqueous solution, on being heated 
with sodium hydroxide solution, evolves ammonia. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt is colorless and clear, and 
lias a neutral reaction, and produces no change with solutions of 
hydrogen sulphide, barium nitrate, and of ammonium oxalate, and 
also with dilute sulphuric acid ; the same aqueous solution, after bein^ 
acidified with hydrochloric acid, sliould assume no red color with 
ferric chloride solution. 

If 20 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt be mixed 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no change 
should at once be produced. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed with a little nitric add and evaporated 
on a water-bath, the residue obtained should be colorless, and com- 
pletely volatilise on heating. 

AMMONIUM SULFOICHTHYOLICUM. 

Ammonium Sulfoichthyolate. 

A reddish-brown, syrupy liquid, having a smoky odor ; swelling 
and charring when heated, and being consumed with no residue 
when ignited. Miscible clearly with water and showing an acid 
reaction, considerably soluble in alcohol, slightly in ether, petroleam 
benzin, and almost completely soluble in a mixture of equal volumes 
of alcohol and ether. 

Ammonium Sulfoichthyolate, when heated with potassium hydroxide 
solution, evolves ammonia ; on further heating the mixture till it 
is chared, and on adding hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulphide is 
evolved. 

If the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt be mixed with hydrochloric 
acid, a dark resinous substance is precipitated, which dissolves both 
in ether and in water, and is reprecipitated from the latter solution 
by adding hydrochloric acid, or sodium chloride. 



AMMONI. SULPOICHTHY. AMYG. DUL. 37 

If 0.5 g. of the salt, dried at 100° C, be mixed with 2g. of potas- 
sium nitrate and 3g. of anhydrous sodium carbonate, and carefully 
ignited, and the resulting white fused mass be dissolved in warm 
water and acidified with hydrochloric acid, the resulting solution 
should, on the addition of barium chloride solution, produce 0.51 — 
0.62 g. of barium sulphate. 

When dried at 100° C. until no more weight is lost, it should lose 
no more than 50 per cent, of its weight. 



AMYGDAL/E AMAR/E. 

Bitter Almond. 

The seed of Prunus amygdalus Bail., var. amaro. D. C 

Asymmetrically ovoid and compressed ; in average 2 cm. long and 
1.2 cm. broad ; pointed at one end, and rounded at the other, being 
0.8 em. thick at that part. 

The seed-coat is brown, externally assuming a powderly appearance 
by thick-walled epidermal cells which fall off easily, and internally 
traversed by numerous vascular bundles, emanating from chalaza. 
When softened in hot water, the seed-coat may be taken off together 
with thin endosperm ; the cotyledons are pure white. 

Bitter Almond has a very bitter taste, but not rancid ; and when 
triturated with water, it evolves the odor of the volatile oil of bitter 
almond. 

AMYGDAL/E DULCES 

Sweet Almond. 

The seed of Prunvs amygdalus Bail. 

In average 2.25 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad ; asymmetrically ovoid 
and compressed ; pointed at one end, and rounded at the other ; some- 
times being more than 1.0 cm. thick at that part. The seed-coat is 
brown, assuming externally a powderly appearance by thick-walled 
epidermal cells which fall off easily ; and internally traversed by 
numerous vascular bundles, emanating from chalaza. 



38 AMYG. DUL. AMYIi. 



AVhen softened in hot water, tlie seed-coat may be taken off togetlicr 
with thin endosperm ; the cotyledons are pure white. 

Sweet ^Vlmond has a bland, oily, slimy and slightly sweet tastc^ 
but not rancid ; and when triturated with water, it should not evolve 
the odor of the volatile oil of bitter almond. 



AMYLIUM NITROSUM. 

Amyl Nitrite. 
C5HnN02=117.15 

A clear, yellowish, volatile liquid, having a characteristic odor 
and an aromatic, burning taste ; almost insoluble in water ; miscible, in 
all proportions, both with alcohol and with ether ; and is inflammable, 
burning with a yellow, luminous and sooty flame. Boiling point : 1)7 — 
99° C. Specific gravity : 0.87—0.88. 

When boiled with an excess of potassium hydroxide solution, Amyl 
Nitrite evolves the odor of amyl alcohol ; and after cooling, if potassium 
iodide be added and acidified with acetic acid, iodine is set free. 

If 5 ccm. of it be mixed and shaken with 0.1 ccm. of ammonia 
water and 1 ccm. of water, the resulting aqueous part should have 
no acid reaction. 

If 1 ccm. of it be mixed and gently warmed with 1.5 ccm. each, 
of silver nitrate solution, and of absolute alcohol, and also with a few 
drops of ammonia water, neitlier brown nor black coloration should 
be produced. 

When cooled even to 0° C, it should not be rendered turbid. 

Keep with care in small bottles, protected from light. 



AMYLUM. 

Starch. 

(a) Kataktcri. 

The starch prepared from the root of Erythronium dens canis 
Linn. 



AMYL. ^ANETHO. S9 



A purely wLite, tasteless^ odorless powder. When examined under 
the microscope, it appears as granules, not uniform in size, but mostly 
oval, with indistinct striffi, and usually having a hilum near the 
narrow end. 

(b) Kuzu, 

The starch prepared from the root of Pueraria thunbergtana Benth. 

A purely white, tasteless, odorless powder. When examined under 
the microscope, it appears as granules, not uniform in size, but more 
or less angular in outline. 

(c) Pi tato-Starch. 

The starch prepared from the tuber of Solanum tuberosum Linn. 

A white powder, with a slight lustre. When examined under the 
microscope, it appears as large granules, either conchoidal, egg-shaped, 
or pearHshaped, distinctly showing excentric striae, with a hilum 
usually near the narrow end. 

Starch is insoluble in cold water and in alcohol. 

If 1 part of it be mixed and shaken with 100 parts of water, 
boiled and cooled, it forms a neutral paste which, with a solution of 
iodine, produces a dark blue coloration. 

When incinerated, it should leave not more than 1 per cent, of 
solid residue. 



ANETHOLUM. 

Anethol. 
C,oH,20=148.12 

The oxygen-containing constituent of the oils of fennel and of anise. 

A white, crystalline mass, with a strong aromatic odor and a sweet 
taste. Melting point: 20°— 21°C. Boiling point : 232^—234^0. 
Specific gravity : 0.984—0.986 at 25° C. 

If 1 part of Anethol be mixed with 2 parts of alcohol, a clear 
solution should be obtained. 



40 AKTID. ARSEN. ANTEPYRIN. 



ANTIDOTUM ARSENICI. 

Antidote for Arsenic. 
Mix 

Ferric sulphate solution 100 yis. 

Distilled water 250 pt<. 

add to that mixture 

Calcined magnesia 15 p^*- 

which is previously triturated thoroughly with 

Distilled water 250 pts. 

carefully shake the whole, until the mixture forms a homogeneons 
brew. 

Antidote for Arsenic should be freshly prepared at the time when 
wanted, but 100 g. of ferric sulphate solution and 15 g. of calcined 
magnesia should always be weighed and kept separately at hand. 



ANTIPYRINUM. 

Antipyriue. 

CnH,oN,0 = 188.2 

Colorles.-, prismatic crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, almost 
without odor, but with a sliglitly bitter taste ; soluble in almost equal 
parts of water, alcohol, and of chloroform, and also soluble in about 
50 pnrfcs of ether. Melting point: 113° C. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 100) of Antipyriue yields a white pre- 
cipitate with tannic acid solution ; and if to 2 ccm. of the same aqueous 
solution, 2 drops of fuming nitric acid be added, a green color is 
produced which, when heated to boiling, turns to red on the further 
addition of a few drops of fuming nitric acid. 

If to 2 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 1000) a few drops of ferric 
chloride solution bo added, it acquires a blood-red coloration which, 
on the addition of 10 drops of sulphuric acid, turns to yellow. 

Its aqueous solution (1:2) is colorless and neutral, and should 
produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 



AXTIPYRIN. APOMOR. HYDROCHLORI. 41 

It should dissolve colorless in sulphuric acid. 

On ignition^ 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



ANTIPYRINUM SALICYLICUM. 

Antipyrine Salicylate. 
C„H,2NsO.C;Hfl03=326.26 

A white, odorless, crystalline powder, or hexagonal tabular crystals, 
having a slightly sweet taste ; soluble in about 200 parts of water, 
and in 25 parts of boiling water, readily soluble both in alcohol and in 
chloroform, somewhat difficultly soluble in ether. Melting point : 91 
—92° C. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 200) of Antipyrine Salicylate produces a 
white turbidity with tannic acid solution, and a green c >)lor with a few 
^rops of fuming nitric acid ; and 10 ccm. of the same aqueous solution 
produces, with a drop of ferric chloride solution, a violet-red color. 

If 0.5 g. of it be heated with 15 ccm. of water and 1 ccm. of hydro- 
chloric acid, it dissolves to a colorless, clear solution which, on cooling, 
deposits white, fine, needle-shaped crystals, melting at 157° C; after 
being washed with water and dried, these crystals, when dissolved 
in 20 ccm. of water, form a solution whicli produces a deep violet 
coloration with 5 drops of ferric chloride solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 200) of the salt should produce no change 
with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

On ignition, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



APOMORPHINUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Apomorphine Hydrochloride. 

Ci;Hi;NO,.HCl=303.67 

White or grayish-white crystals, acquiring at once a greenish tint 
ill moist air, especially on exposure to liglit ; soluble in about 40 



42 APOMOR. HYDROCHJLORI. AQU. AMMON. 

parts of water, and alcohol, showing a neutral reaction, but almost in- 
soluble in ether and in chloroform. 

Apomorphine Hydrochloride dissolves in nitric acid with blood-red 
coloration ; when dissolved in an excess of sodium hydroxide solution^ 
the salt forms a solution which immediately acquires, in the air, a 
violet-red color finally changing to black. 

The aqueous solution of the salt produces, on adding sodium bi- 
carbonate solution, a white amorphous precipitate, which acquires 
a green color in the air, and dissolves in ether with a reddish-\dolet 
coloration, but in chloroform with a bluisli-violet coloration. 

On adding ammonia, the aqueous solution of the salt at once reduces 
a solution of silver nitrate. 

The aqueous solution of the salt should be colorless or nearly so, 
and when 1 part of it is dissolved in 100 parts of water, the re- 
sulting solution should not liave a green color. 

Tf the dried salt be shaken with ether, it should impart no color, 
or, if any, only a light reddish color to the latter. 

On ignition, 0.02 g. of the salt should leave no solid residue. 

keep with sj^cial care, protected from light. 

AQUA AMMONI/E. 
Ammonia Water. 

A colorless, clear, volatile liquid, having a characteristic odor and 
a strongly alkaline reaction ; emitting white fumes, when a glass rod, 
moistened with dilute hydrochloric acid, is brought near to it. Specific 
gravity : 0.96. 

Ammonia Water contains 10 per cent, of pure ammonia (NH8= 17.07). 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 4 volumes of lime water, and 
allowed to stand in a well-closed ve&sel for 1 hour, the solution should 
produce only a slight turbidity ; and after being diluted with 2 volumes 
of water, it should produce no change witli a solution either of 
hydrogen sulphide, or of ammonium oxalate. 

After being supersaturated with acetic acid, it should produce no 
change with barium nitrate solution ; and when supersaturated witli 
dilute nitric acid, it should produce no more than a slight opalescence 
with silver nitrate solution. 



AQU. AMMON. AQU. AMYG. AMARA. 43 

If it be supersaturated witli nitric acid and evaporated on a water- 
bath, the residue should be colorless, and should completely volatilise 
when heated. 

To neutralise 5 ccm. of it, 28 — 28.2 ccm. of normal hydrochloric 
acid solution should be required. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



AQUA AMYGDALARUM AMARARUM. 
Bitter Almond Water. 

Triturate 

Bitter almond 12 pts. 

press it without warming ; separate the fatty oil as completely as 
jKJSsible ; transfer it, in the form of medium powder, into a large 
still ; add to it 

Water 20 ptf'. 

distill by passing steam ; collect 9 parts of the distillate into a receiver, 
already containing 3 parts of alcohol ; estimate the quantity of hydro- 
gen cyanide contained in the mixture, according to the method 
described below ; dilute it by adding a mixture of 

Alcohol 1 pt. 

Distilled water 3 pf8. 

until 1 part of hydrogen cyanide is contained in 1000 parts of tlie 
liquid. 

A clear or almost clear liquid, not reddening a blue litmus paper ; 
having conspicuously the odor of the volatile oil of bitter almond, 
even after the precipitation of hydrogen cyanide by adding silver 
nitrate solution, and shaking. Specific gravity : 0.97 — 0.98. 

If 10 ccm. of Bitter Almond Water be mixed with 0.8 ccm. of 
decinormal silver nitrate solution and a few drops of nitric acid, and 
the resulting precipitate be filtered, the filtrate should not be rendered 
turbid by the further addition of silver nitrate solution. 

If 2 volumes of it be mixed with 1 volume of ammonia water, the 
solution should become slightly turbid within 10 minutes, and decided- 
ly so within 20 minutes. 

If 25 ccm. of it be diluted with 100 ccm. of water and mixed 
with 1 ccm. of potassium hydroxide solution, the mixture should require 



44 AQU* AMYG. AMARA. AQU. CALC. 

4.5 — 4.8 ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution, in order to produce 
a permanent, whitish turbidity by pouring it, drop by drop, under 
constant agitation. 

On evaporation, 6 ocm. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 

It may be used as a substitute both for Aqua Pruni Armeniac(Sy 
and Aqtui Pruni Macrophyllce. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



AQUA ANISI. 

Anise Water. 
Take 

Anise Aruit 1 pt. 

Water 20 pt^- 

put them into a still, and distill mitil 10 parts of the distillate are 

obtained. 

AQUA CALCARI/€. 

Lime Water. 
Take 

Quick lime 1 p(. 

add to it 

Water 4 i>fc?. 

to change it into slaked lime ; pour on it with agitation 

Water 50 pi9. 

let it stand to subside ; decant the clear supernatant liquid ; mix the 
residue with 

Water 50 pts- 

shake the mixture repeatedly, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having a strongly alkaline reaction ; becom- 
ing turbid on exposure to the air, or when boiled. 

If boiled for a while, after passing an excess of carbonic acid gas, 
Lime Water should have no alkaline reaction. 

To neutralise 100 ccm. of it, 4.0 — 4.5 ccm. of normal hydrochloric 
acid solution should be required. 

It should be decanted, or filtered before use. 



AQU. CARBOL. AQU. CHLORO. 45 



AQUA CARBOLISATA. 

Carbolic Acid Water. 
Mix 

Liquid carbolic acid 22 p(8. 

Distilled water 978 pu^ 

A clear, colorless liquid, containing 2 per cent, of carbolic acid. 

AQUA CARBOLISATA PRO DESINFECTIONE. 

Carbolic Acid Water for Disinfection. 

Take 

Carbolic acid 5 p/^. 

dissolve it in 

Water 94 j»^*. 

and to the solution add 

Hydrochloric add 1 pt. 

AQUA CARVL 

Caraway Water. 
Take 

Caraway fruit 1 pL 

put it into a still, together witli 

Water 20 pts. 

and distill until 10 parts of the distillate are obtained. 

AQUA CHLOROFORMIL 

Chloroform Water. 
Take 

Chloroform 1 wl, 

mix it with 

Distilled water 400 voU, 

and shake them up.- 



46 AQU. CINNAM. AQU. DESTIL. 



AQUA CINNAMOMI. 

Cinnamon Water. 
\ Take 

' Gimiatnon bark, in coarse powder . 1 pi- 

^ put it into a still ; pour on it 

Alcohol Ipt' 

Water a suitable quality. 

allow the mixture to stand for 24 hours, and distill until 10 parts of 

the distillate are obtained. 

AQUA CRESOLICA. 

Cresol Water. 

Mix 

Cresol soap solution 6 pt«' 

Water 94p<«. 

Cresol Water contains 3 per cent, of crude cresol. 

For medical purposes, it should be prepared with distilled water, 
but for disinfecting purposes, ordinary water may be used. 

When prepared with distilled water, it is a light yellow, clear liquid. 

When prepared with ordinary water, it is slightly turbid, but 
should separate no oily drops. 



AQUA DESTILLATA. 

Distilled Water. 

.\. clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid, showing a neutral reaction. 

Distilled Water should produce no change with Xessler's reagent, aiul 
also with a solution either of silver nitrate, or of hydrogen sulphide. 

AJler adding ammonia water, it should also produce no change with 
hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 2 volumes of lime water, the solution 
should remain clear. 



AQU. DESTIL. AQU. MEXTH. 47 

If 100 ccm. of it be mixed with 1 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid 
and heated till it boils, and 0.3 ccm. of potassium permanganate solution 
be poured into it and boiled again for 3 minutes, no decoloration 
should take place. 

On evaporation, 10 ccm. of it should leave no weighablc solid residue. 

AQUA FLORUM AURANTII. 

Orange Flower Water. 
Mix 

Oil of orange flower I pt. 

Warm distilled water 1000 pu, 

shake the mixture strongly, and after e(K)ling, filter it with a moist 
filter-paper. 

AQUA FOENICULI. 

Fennel Water. 
Take 

Triturated fexmel 1 pt. 

put it into a still ; pour on it 

Water a suitable quality. 

and distill until 30 parts of the distillate are obtained. 

AQUA FORMALINATA. 

Formaline Water. 
Mix 

Formaline 1 />/. 

Water 34 pts, 

AQUA MENTH/€. 

Menthol Water. 
Take 

Peppermint leaves^ coarse cut I pf. 

put them into a still ; pour on them 

Water a suitable quality. 

and distill until 30 parts of the distillate are obtained. 



48 AQU. PIC. AQU. PRUN. MACRO. 



AQUA PICIS. 

Tar Water. 
Mix 

Wood tar • . 1 pi- 

Pamice, in coarse jfowder 3 pt^. 

to the mixture add 

Water • . . lO pt.^. 

shake it for 5 minuteS; and filter. 

A yellowish to browuish, clear liquid, having the odor of wood. tar. 
Tar Water should be prepared freshly when wanted. 



AQUA PRUNI ARMENIAC/E. 

Apricot Water. 

Prepare with apricot seed according to -the same method, as des- 
cribed under Aqua Amygdolarum amararti7n. 

The properties, reactions, tests, and the w-ay of preservation of Apri- 
cot Water are the same as those stated under Aqua Amygdolarum 
amararum. 

It may be used as a substitute both for Aqua Amygdalarum 
amararum^ and Aqua Pruni macropkillce. 



AQUA PRUNI MACROPHYLL/E. 

Bakuchi Water. 

Triturate 

Fresh bakuchi leaves -.'>...... 12 p<f. 

put them into a large still ; pour on tliem 

Water 36 pfo. 

distill by passing steam ; take 5 parte of the distillate into a receiver, 
previously containing 3 parts of alcohol ; estimate the quantity of 
hydrogen cyanide contained in the mixture, according to the method 
given under Aqua Amygdalarum amararum, and dilute it by adding 
a mixture of 



AQU. 1»RUX. MACRO. ARGENT. NITRI. 49 



Alcohol I pf- 

IDistilled Water 3 p(s. 

until 1 part of liydro^eii cyanide is contained in 1000 parts of the 
liquid. Specific gravity : 0.965 — 0.969. The projwrtics, reactions, 
tc'sts and the way of preservation of Bukuclii Water arc the same as 
t liose stated under jiqua Amygdcdarum Aviararum. 

It may be a«cd as a substitute both for Aqua Ainf/f/da/ftnrm Awara- 
fidiu and for Aqva Prvvi Anneniaca', 



AQUA ROS/E. 

Kose Water. 

]\Iix 

Rose oil 4 f/p>j. 

liUke^arm distilled water 1000 ccm. 

mid shake them up for a while. 

An almost clear liquid, having an agreeable odor. 



ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
Silver Nitrate. 
AgNO:,= 169.97 

( 'olorless, lustrous, tabular crystals, soluble in 0.6 parts of water, 
and in about 10 parts of alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Silver Nitrate prcjduces, with liydrochloric 
acid, a white curdy precipitate, completely soluble in ammonia water, 
but insoluble in nitric acid. 

The aqueous solution of the salt has a neutral reaction, and if it 
has an acid reaction, it should be only extremely weak. 

If to 5 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of tlie salt, an excess 
nf hydrochloric acid be added, boiled and filtered, the filtrate, on 
l)eing evaporated, should leave no weighable solid residue. 

Ivcep with care, protected from liglit. 



50 aim;, nitri. r. kal. nitui. aiujext. potein. 



ARGENTUM NITRICUM FUSUM. 

Fused Silver Nitrate. 

White or jTjrayisli-whitc sticks, Imving radiated, crystalline fractures, 
and melting when heated. 

It should conform with reactions and tests stated under Jrgentui'i 
Nitricum, 

Keep wtth care, protected from light. 

ARGENTUM PROTEINATUM. 

Proteine Silver. 

A minute, light yellow powder, having a slightly mineral tjtsto ; 
easily soluble in water, sliowing a neutral or a sliglitly alkaline reaction. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 10; of Proteine Silver has a brown color, 
and on heating, yields a precipitate soluble in sodium hydroxide 



ARGENTUM NITRICUM GUM KALIO NITRICO. 

Silver Nitrate Mitigated with Potassium Nitrate. 

Mix 

Silver nitrate 1 i^'- 

Potassium nitrate • 1 }>' 

fuse the mixture with care, and mould it into small sticks. 

White or grayish-white, hard, small sticks, having granular and 
crystalline fractures. 

If 0.5 g. of it be dissolved in 5 ccm. of water, and to the resulting: 
solution, 15 ccm. of decinormal sodium chloride solution, and 1 or 2 
drops of potassium chromate solution added, and decinormal silver 
nitrate solution Ix) added, drop by drop, to the mixture, then not j 
more than 0.5 ccm. of the solution should be required, before the 
appearance of a permanent red coloration. 

Keep with care, protecteil from light. 



ARCiENT. I»OTEI?C. ASAFX^ETI. 51 

'^ >Uition ; and the same aqueous solution, on adding an excess of tlic 
latter reagent and a little copper 8ul])liate solution, acquires a violet 
color, and also yields, on adding picric acid, a yellow precipitate. 

If the residue, obtained by igniting it, be dissolved in nitric acid, 
smd hydrochloric acid be addeil to the resulting solution, then a white, 
H«j(^ulent precipitate, which is soluble in ammonia water, is produced. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 10) should produce no cliange with solutions 
of sodium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, sodium chloride, and also 
of albumen. 

On ignition, it leaves 8 — 12 per cent, of solid residue, which should 
dissolve completely in nitric acid. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



ARSENUM lODATUM. 

Arsenous Iodide. 
AsI.j^45o.'jo 

Brownish, orange-red, crystalline masses, or lustrous, crystalline 
scides, having the odor of iodine ; soluble in 3.5 parts of water, and 
in 10 parts of alcohol, showing a neutral reaction, and completely 
soluble in ether, and in carbon disuli)hide. 

An aqueous solution of Arsenous Iodide has a yellow color, and 
evolves violet vapors when heated with nitric acid, and also yields 
a lemon-yellow precipitate with liydrogeu sulphide solution. 

It should volatilise completely, when heated, without leaving any 
.^olid residue. 

Keep with special care. 

ASAFOETIDA. 

Asafetida. 

A gum-resin obtained from various sjiecies of Ferula, found in 
Asia, especially from Ferula Asa foctida Linn, and Ferula Narthex 
Boiss. 



52 ASAI'X)ETI. ATROPIX. 8ULFUKI. 

Ill tears, separated or stickiug together, or somewhat iu large masses, 
having a characteristic odor and taste. 

Asafetida is externally yellowish, violet, or brownish ; its fresh frac- 
tures showing a wliite color, whicli changes gradually to a pink 
rainbow tint, and finally to a brown color. 

If 1 part of it be triturated with 3 parts of water, a whitisli 
emulsion is obtained, which acquires a yellow color with a drop of* 
ammonia water. 

After extracting it thoroughly with boiling alcohol, the insoluble 
])ortion, when dried at 100° C, should not exceed 50 per cent. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 10 per cent, ot* 
solid residue. 

In order to bring it to powdrous state, first dry it in a desiccator, 
and then pulverise it at a low temperature. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



ATROPINUM SULFURICUM. 

Atropine Sulphate. 
(C\7H.,X03)2.HoS04 = G76.62 

A white, crystalline j)owder, prepared from atropine which melts 
at 115.5° C; almost insoluble both in ether and in chloroform, but 
soluble in equal parts of water, and in o parts of alcohol, forming 
colorless neutral solutions. Melting point : 180° C. 

If 0.01 g. of Atropine Sulphate be heated in a small glass-tube, 
until a white fume is produced, and 1.5 ccm. of sulphuric acid added, 
and heated again until it acquires a brown color, and immediately 
2 ccm. of water be added, an agreeable, characteristic odor is evolved, 
and if a small crystal of potassium permanganate be then added, the 
odor of the volatile oil of bitter almond is produced. 

If to 0.01 g. of the salt, 5 drops of fuming nitric acid be addeJ 
in a porcelain dish, and dried on a water-bath, the residue has a 
slightly yellowish color ; and if, after cooling, an alcoholic solution 
of ])otassium hydroxide be added to it in drops, a violet coloration i*^ 
produced. 



ATROPIX. SULFUIII. HALSAM. COP. .■>:> 



Its aqueous salutioii prixluces, with barium nitrate solution, a white 
j)rceij>itatc insoluble in acids. 

The ac|ueous solution (1 : 1000) of the salt lias a bitter and aerid 
taste, and, if applied to the eye, dilates the pupil. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 60) of the salt should be rendered turbid 
l>y sodium liydroxide solution, but not by ammonia water. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be mixed with 2 ccm. of sulphuric acid, almo^^^t 
no coloration is produced, and the further addition of a little nitric 
acid also produces no change. 

On ignition, 0.02 g. of the salt should leave no solid residue. 

Keep with special care. 



BALSAMUM COPAIV/E. 

Copaiva Balsam. 

A balsam excreted from wounds made by incision on the stems 
of various plants belonging lo the genus Copaifera, especially Copaifera 
njjifiualifi Linn., Copaifera fjiuianensis Desfon. and Cojtfn'fcra coriacat 
Mart. 

A clear, morq or less thick liquid of a yellowish-brown color, with 
no, or only a very slight fluorescence ; having a characteristic odor, 
and acrid, slightly bitter taste ; miscible, completely or almost com- 
pletely, with chloroform, and with absolute alcohol. Specific gravity : 
0.980—0.993. 

If 4 drops of Capaiva Balsam be added to a mixture of 6 drops 
of nitric acid, and of 7 ccm. of glacial acetic acid, the mixture should 
assume neither i*eddish nor violet coloration 

If 1 g. of the balsam be dissolved in TjO ccm. of alcohol, and 10 
drops of phcnolphthalein solution added, then 2.5 — 3.0 ccm. of a 
half-normal alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution should be required 
to produce a red coloration ; and if 20 ccm. more of the lialf-normal 
alcoholic potassium liydroxide solution bo added to the same mixture, 
and lieated on a water-bath for IT) minutes, and the excess of potas- 
J?iura hydroxide l)c titrated back with a half-normal hydrochloric acid 
solution, then the quantity of the acid solution, retpiired for its neu- 
tralisation, .should be at least lO.Gccm. 



54 BAI>?A1HUM PKRUVLVNUM. 



BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 
Balsam of Peru. 

A balsam obtained by smouldering the bark of Myroxylon PereiiVt- 
Klotzsch. 

A dark brown li(£uid, not stringy; transparent in thin layers; haviii<r 
an agreeable odor and an aerid somewhat bitter taste ; not drying in 
the air, and soluble elearly in alcohol. Specific gravity : 1.140 — l.l<i2. 

If 10 droj).s of Peru Balsam be triturated with 20 drops of sulphuric 
acid, it chang(\s to a tough and sticky mass, the surface of whicli 
assumes u violet color, if cold water be poured on it after 2 or •» 
minutes, and when washed frc(iuently with cold water, it can finally 
be broken to pieces. 

If 1 g. of the balsam be dissolved in 20 ccm. of alcohol, and 2o c<'ni. 
of half-normal alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution added, and the 
mixture, after being boiled on a water-bath for half an hour, diluted 
witli 500 — GOO ccm. of water, and 20 — 30 drops of the solution oi' 
phenolphthaleiu added, and be titrated back witli lialf-normal hy(ln>- 
chloric acid solution, then not more than 17 ccm. of the acid solution 
sliould be required to neutralise the excess of j)0tassi^ini hydroxick*. 

If 10 ccm. of ether be added, successively for »J times, to a mixlurt' 
of 2.5 g. of the balsam, 15 ccm. of water, and of 15 com. of sodinin 
hvdroxide solution and shaken, and the ethereal extracts be mixed to- 
gcther and evaporated, theji the residue obtained, after drying (^n 
a water-bath, should weigh at least 1.4 g.; and if this residue he 
dissolved in 25 ccm. of alcohol, and mixed with 25 f?cm. of half-normal 
alcoholic potassium liydroxide solution, and heated on a water-bath 
for half an hour, and 10 drops of the solution of phenolphthalein 
added, and be titrated back with half-normal liydrochloric acid solution, 
then in order to neutralise the excess of potassium hydroxide, not 
more than l.*).2ccm. of tlie acid solution should be required. 



IJALSAM. TOLU. BENZIX. PETRO. 55 



BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 
Balsam of Tolu. 

A rcsiii obtained from Jfi/roxf/Ion Tolui/cra Ilumb. Bonipl. and 
Kuntli. 

Browiiisli-red, crystalline masses, reducible, when dry, to a yellowish 
powder ; Imving a very agreeable odor, and au acid, slightly caustic 
and aromatic taste. 

When dissolved in alcohol, chloroform, or in potassium hydroxide 
K)lution, Balsam of Tolu should leave onlv a il'W wooden shreds. 

If 1 g. of the balsam be dissolved in 50 ccm. of alcohol and mixed 
with 10 drops of the solution of phenolplitlialein, then 4 — 6 ccm. of 
half-normal alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution sliould be required 
to produce a red coloration ; and if enough more of the same half- 
normal solution be added to th.e above mixture so as to make the 
whole just 20 ccm., and heated on a water-bath for half an hour, and 
Ix) titrated back with half-normal liydrochloric acid solution, then in 
order to neutralise the excess of j)otassium liydroxide, \?>,2 — 14.5 ccm. 
of the acid solution should be required. 



BENZINUM PETROLEI. 

Petrolcun) Benzin. 

A clear, colorless, easily inflannnable, volatile liquid, contained in 
rrude petroleum, and showing no fluorescence ; having a charac- 
teristic, but not disagreeable odor, and a neutral reaction ; insoluble 
in water, but soluble in about 5 parts of alcohol. Boiling point : 
50—75° C. Specific gravity : 0.G4— 0.67. 

W^hen heated with a little ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, to- 
gether with a little alcohol. Petroleum Benziu should produce no 
coloration. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



56 IJENZO. lUSMUT. SUhCAUBO. 



BENZOE. 

Benzoin. 

Flat or round, brownish masses, internally of a white color, and 
evolving a very agreeable odor when heated on a water-bath, and 
producing penetrating vapors when strongly heated. 

If Benzoin be heated with alcohol and filtered, the filtrate has an 
acid reaction, and becomes milkv on adding water. 

If 1 part of it be heated with 10 i)arts of carlwn disulpliiilc, it 
softens, and a colorless solution is obtained, wliich produces crystals 
of benzoic acid on coolinsr. 

If a small quantity of it, in finely powdered state, be allowed to 
stand for a long time with }X)tassiuni i)ermani]:anate, no odor of the 
volatile oil of bitter almond should be evolved. 

After thoroughly extracting it with boiling alcohol, the residue, 
when dried, should weigh not more than 5 ])er cent. 

On incineration, it should leave not more tlian 2 per cent, of soFkI 
residue. 

BISMUTUM SUBCARBONICUM. 

Bismuth Subcarbonate. 

A white or yellowish-white, amorphous, (ulorlcss, tasteless powder, 
permanent in the air, and insoluble in water, and in alcohol. 

Bismuth Subcarbonate dissolves witli circrvescencc in nitric :iiul 
hydrochloric acids, and the resulting solutions produce a white i)rc- 
cipitate with a large quantity of water. 

It is clearly dissolved in dilute nitric acid, and the resulting clear 
solution, obtained by diluting with a little water, should not be 
rendered turbid witli a solution either of silver nitrate, or of barium 
nitrate, and also wltli twice its volume of dilute sulphuric acid ; if 
an excess of ammonia water be addcnl to the same solution and 
filtered, the filtrate should be jxn-leetly colorless, and not rendered 
turbid w^ith sodium phosphate solution, and also prcxluee no chanire 
with hydrogen sulphide solution. 



BLSMUT. SUBCARBO. lUSMUT. SUBCJAI.. o7 



If 1 g. of the salt be lieated with au excess of sodium hydroxide 
srJution, no ammonia should be evolved. 

On gentle ignition, 1 g. of the salt should leave 0.85 — 0.91 g. of 
vellow bismuth oxide ; and on dissolving: that oxide in about 10 com. of 
hydrochloric acid, and dividing the resulting solution into 2 por- 
tions, the first portion, when heated with 1.5 cem. of stannous chloride 
solution, should acquire no dark coloration within 1 hour ; and the 
-ccond portion, w^hen diluted with water and thoroughly precipitated 
with hydrogen sulphide and filtered, should give a filtrate which, on 
evaporation, leaves only a trace, if any, of solid residue. 

If 0.2 g. of the salt be mixed with 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid, and 
2 ccm. of the saturated solution of ferrous sulphate bo carefully added 
to the mixture so as to form 2 layers of li([uids, no brownish ring 
should be produced at their contact surface. 



BISMUTUM SUBGALLICUM. 

Bisiiiutli Siibijalhite. 
EiC-H.(X=-m.o7 



1 i i 



A yellow, (nlorless, tasteless, amorphous })owd(M', insoluble in water, 
alcohol, and in ether. When ignited, l^lsmuth Subgallate carbonises 
without melting, and finally leaves a yellow substance. 

If tlie salt be mixed with an excess of hydrogen sulphide solution 
imd shaken, a blackish-brown coloration is pnxluccd ; and if the solu- 
tion, obtained by filtering that mixture, bo boiled and cooled, and a 
dilute solution of ferric clilorido br* added to it, a bluish-black colora- 
tion is produced. 

If 1 g. of the salt be gently ignited and dissolved in a very little 
nitric acid, and carefully evaporated, dried and ignited again, at least 
, O.ol g. of bismuth oxide sliould be obtained ; if this residue be dis- 
>^olvod iu nitric acid and diluted with water to 20 ccm., the resulting 
solution produces no more than an opalescence with a solution either 
«>f barium nitrate, and of silver nitrate, and should produce no 
cliange with twice its volume of dilute sulphuric ncid ; if an excess 
of ammonia water be added to the same solution and filtered, the 
filtrate is colorless, and pnxluces no change with hydrogen sulphide 



58 IJISMUT. Hi:n(JAL. IU8MUT. SUllNITRI. 



solution, and on being evaporated and ignited, the same filtrate shoiiM 
leave no weighable solid residue. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed witli 3 ecin. of stannous chloride solulion, 
no dark coloration should be produced within an hour. 

If 1 g. of tlie salt be mixed with lOcem. of alcohol, shaken and fihcr- 
ed, the filtrate, on evaporation, should leave no weighablc solid resiihi^-. 

If 1 g. of tlie salt Ik^ mixed with 5 eem. of sodium hydroxide solu- 
tion, it should dissolve (Nearly, and the resulting solution, on beiiiir 
heated with a mixtur(» of O.o g. each, of zinc and of iron powder, 
should evolve no ammonia. 



BISMUTUM SUBNITRICUM. 

Hisnuith Subnitrate. 
Take 

Bismuth, in coavsc pmrflcr ... 1 //. 

introduce it gradually, in small portions, into 

Nitric acid '>7^'''>> r/r^"%; 1. 1>) 5 /••'*•• 

previously heated to 7o — 90° C; when the action of nitric acid beiran 
to weaken at the end, facilitate the dissolution of bismuth bv heatinii: 
more stroncrlv ; after allowinc: tlie resultin": solution to stand for n 
few days, decant the upper clear liquid and evaporate to crystallisii- 
tion ; wash the crystals obtained, once or twice with a little distillf<l 
water containing nitric acid ; triturate 

The crystals I it- 

by adding 

Distilled water 4 /'- 

throw them, under agitation, into 

Boiling distilled water 21 p'-^- 

quickly pour off the upper clear liquid, as soon as the resultin<: 
precipitate has subsided ; collect the precipitate? on a filter ; thoroujjlily 
free it from water ; wash with 

Cold distilled water ...... .25 /'/* 

and dry at 30° C. 

A white, minute, crystalline, heavy powder, having an acid reaction. 
Bismuth Subnitrate evolves yellowish-red vapors on heating, iui<l 
finally leaves 79 — 82 per cent, of bismuth oxide. 



niS^rUT. .^UnNlTRI. BIHMUT. .SUUSALICYIi. 59 

At ordinary temperatures, 0.5 g*. of the salt slioukl dissolve com- 
pletely and clearly in 25 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid, and evolve 
no carbonic acid ; if one-half of the resultin<2^ solution be mixed with 
ail excess of ammonia water and filtered, a perfectly colorless filtrate 
>hould be produced ; and if the other half be diluted with much water, 
and an excess of hydrogen sulphide solution be added and filtered, tlie 
filtrate, on evaporation, should leave no weighable solid residue. 

If 1 g. of the salt be strongly heated, until the production of vapors 
completely ceases, and the residue dissolved in a little hydrochloric 
acid, and be mixed with two times its volume of stannous chloride 
solution, no dark coloration should be produced within an hour. 

A clear solution, formed by dissolving 0.5 g. of the salt in 5 ccm. 
cf nitric iicid, should produce no more than an ()j)alescence with 0.5 ccm. 
of silver nitrate solution ; the sauie solution should neitlier produce 
any change with 0.5 ccm. of barium nitrate solution diluted with an 
equal volume of water, nor should it evolve ammonia, when heated 
with an excess of sodium hvdroxide solution. 



BISMUTUM SUBSALICYLICUM. 

Bismuih Subscalicylate. 

A white or yellowish-white, odorless, tasteless, amorphous powder, 
almost insoluble in water, and in alcohol ; when ignited, Bismuth Sub- 
salicylate carbonises witliout melting, finally leaving a ydlow substance. 

When mixed with dilute ferric chloride solution, it prmluces a violet 
coloration ; and whcji mixed with hydrogen sulphide solution, a black- 
i>li-brown color is produced. 

The solution, obtained by shaking a mixture of 0.5 g. of the salt 
with ccm. of water and filtering, should not at once redden a blue 
litmus paj>er. 

If 1 g. of the salt be gently ignited and diss(Jved in a very little 
nitric acid, and after carefully evaporating and drying, be ignited once 
more, at least O.G'3 g. of bivsmuth oxide should bc^ obtained; if this 
residue be dissolved in nitric acid and diluted to 20 ccm. with water, 
the resulting solution produces no more than an opalescence with a 



GO lusMUT. s:un.sAi.i( vl. im)I.. at.h. 

solution either of barium nitrate, or of silver nitrate, and should pro 
duce no change Avith twice its volume of dilute sulphuric acid ; if an 
excess of ammonia water be added to the same solution and filtered, 
the filtrate is colorless, and should produce no change with hydrogen 
sulphide solution, and on l)eing evaporated and ignited, the saiin' 
filtrate should leave no weighable solid residue. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed witli 3 c(mi. of stannous chloride sohi- 
tion, no dark coloration shovdd be i)roduced within an hour. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be mixed with 5 ccm. of scxliuni hydroxi<l«* 
solution, and heated with the addition of 0.5 g. cac^h, of zinc and oi 
iron j)owder, no i.mmonia should be evolved. 

Keep protected from liglit. 



BISMUTUM TRIBROMPHENIUCUM. 

Bismuth Trihromphenolate. 
Bi,CVII:;Bi^A = 795.91 

A yellow, tasteless, odorless powder, insoluble in water, and in 
alcohol. 

On heating, l^ismuth Tribromphenolate dissolves in dilute sodium 
hydroxide solution, leaving a yellow bismuth oxide wliich, when filterod 
off after cooling, gives a solution producing a white ])recipitate with 
hvdrochloric acid. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed with nitric acid, and tlie mixture 
evap(U*ated and ignited, then abou!^ 0.58 g. of the residue is obtained, 
w^hich, if dissolved in 10 ccm. of livdrochloric acid and heated with 
3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution, should acquire no dark colorati<Mi 
within an hour. 

BOLUS ALBA, 

White Bole. 

White, earthy masses, consisting chiefly of hydratcd aluminium 
silicate ; easy to be ground ; stained by being touched at ; soaking it 
moistened with water ; and boing crush(*d, when thrown into water, 
but not dissolving in it. 



BOL. ALU. KROM. 61 



If hydrochloric acid be poured on White Bole, no effervescence 
>hould take place ; on dressing, it should leave no sandy residue. 



BORAX. 

Sodium Biborate. 
Xa,B/)7+ 10H,O = 282.:] 

White, hard crystals, or crystalline masses, soluble^ in 17 parts of 
water, and in 0.'") part of boiling water, showing an alkaline reaction ; 
freely soluble in glycerin, but insoluble in alcohol. AVhen heated, 
SiKlinm Biborate is dissolved in its water of crystallisation, swells 
up eonsiderably, and finally becomes a white, porous mass, which, on 
further heating to redness, melts and forms a white, glassy sub- 
.''^tance. 

If heated in a colorless flame, it imparts a yellow color to the 
latter; its aqueous solution, acidified with a little liydrochloric acid, 
turns the turmeric paper reddish-brown, wliich becomes still more 
•striking on drying, and if moistened with a little ammonia water, 
turns to greenish-black color. 

The aqueous .solution (1 : 50) of the salt should j^roduce no change 
with a solution either of liydrogen sulphide, or of ammonium oxalate ; 
the same aqueous solution, when acidified with nitric acid, produces 
no effervescence, and should yield no more than an opalescence with 
a solution either of barium nitrate, or of silver nitrate. 

If 50 ccm. of its aqueous solution 1 1 : 50) be acidified with hydro- 
chloric acid, and 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash 
be added, no blue coloration should at once be produced. 



BROMUM. 

Bromine. 

Br = 79.96 

A dark reddish-brown, volatile liquid, emitting, at ordinary tem- 
peratures, yellowish-red vapors of a strongly irritating odor; soluble in 



62 imOM. CAF.-NAT. BEN'ZO. 



30 parts of water, easily soluble in alcohol, other, carbon clisulphide, or 
in chloroform, formin*^ a reddish-brown solution. Specific gravity: 
2.9—3.0 

AVhen l^romine is dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution, tlie 
result! ujj: solution should remain clear for a lon2: time. 

If its aqueous solution (I : 30) be shaken with an excess of iron 
})()wder and filtered, the filtrate should not acquire a blue color on 
uddini*: both a solution of ferric chloride and a solution of starch. 

Keep with care in glass-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



BULBUS SCILL/t. 

Squill Bulb. 

Tlie fleshy bulb-scales of Crrjinca marltinid Bale, cut into slices 
and dried. 

The e})idermis is provided with stomata on both surfaces. The 
mesophyll consists chiefly of almost round cells free from starcli, con- 
tains a great number of raphide-cells, and encloses collateral vascular 
bundles running 2)arallelly. It has no odor, but a disagreeable bitter 
taste ; that which is translucent and yellowish- white, should break 
like glass. Its j^owder abounds in needle-shaped oxalate crystals, 
and should contain no sclerenchymatous cells ; while the starch, if 
contained in it, should be only in a small quantity. 

Keep \vell-closed. 



CAFFEINO-NATRIUM BENZOICUM. 

Caffeine Sodium Beuzoate. 
Take 

Caflfeine 50 i>/^. 

Sodium benzoate 59 ;>i»- 

dissolve them in 

Distilled Watsr 200 i>/^. 

and evaporate the solution to dryness 

A white, odorless, amorphous powder, or granular masses, having 



CAF.-XAT. KEXZO. (^AF.-XAT. SALICYL. 03 

a bitter taste ; soluble in 2 parts of water, and in 40 parts of aleoliol, 
forming a colorless solution, and showing a neutral reaction. 

When heated in a glass-tube, Caffeine Sodium Beuzoate evolves 
white fumes, which condense to minute crystals in the cooler parts 
of the tube. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 10) produces, with hydrochloric acid, white 
(Tystals soluble in ether, and also yields, witli ferric chloride solution, 
a light brown precipitate, which redis:?olvos on adding hydrochloric 
acid and alcohol. 

If it bo warmed with chloroform and filtered, the filtrate leaves, 
on evaporation, a crystalline residue having the reactions of caffeine. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20) should produce no change with a 
solution either of hydrogen sulpliide, or of barium nitrate ; if 2 volumes 
of the same aqueous solution be mixed with *l volumes of alcohol and 
acidified with nitric acid, it should 2>roduco no more than an opales- 
cence with silver nitrate solution. 

If 0.17 g. of it be gently ignited, and the residue dissolved in 
30ccm. of water and be filtered, the filtrate, after being acidified with 
nitric acid, should produce no more than an opalescence with silver 
nitrate solution. 

If 0.5 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of water, and after adding 
1 ccm. of sodium hvdroxide solution, 10 ccm. of chloroform be also 
added to the resulting mixture, successively for »l times, and shaken for 
'") minutes, then the chloroform extracts, on being collected, evaporated 
and dried at 100^ C, should leave at least 0.22 g. of drv caffeine. 

Keep with care. 



CAFFEINO-NATRIUM SAUCYUCUM. 

Caffeine Sodium Salicylate. 
Take 

CafilBine 50 pt^- 

SocUnm salicylate 60 pu 

dissolve them in 

Distilled water 200 pu 

and evaporate the solution to dryness. 
A white, odorle&s, amorphous powder, or wliite granular masses. 



G4 CAF.-NAT. SAI.ICYI.. CAFFKIN. 

having u sweet and slightly bitter taste ; soluble in 2 parts of water, 
and in «jO parts of aleol)ol. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 10) of Caffeine Sodium Salicylate ac(iuire<, 
with ferric chloride solution, a violet color, and produces, with hydro- 
chloric acid, white crystals soluble in ether. 

If it be warmed with chloroform and filtered, the filtrate leaves, 
on evaporation, a crystalline residue having the reactions of caffeine 

Its aqueous solution (1 : o) should be colorless, but after standing 
for a while, the color, if any, should bo faintly light red ; and the 
acid reaction, if any, sliould also be only very slight. 

If 0.1 g. of it bo dissolved in 1 ccm. of sulphuric add, neitlier 
effervescence nor coloration should take place. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20) should produce no change with a solution 
either of hydrogen sulphide, or of barium nitrate ; and 2 volumes of 
the same aqueous solution, mixed with 3 volumes of alcohol and 
acidified with nitric acid, should produce no more than an opalesoena' 
with silver nitrate solution. 

If 0.5 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of water, and after adding' 
1 ccm. of sodium hydroxide solution, 10 ccm. of chloroform be mixed 
with the resulting solution, succesciively for 3 times, and shaken for 
5 minutes, then the clilorofbrm extracts, on being collected, evaporat- 
ed and dried at 100° (*., should leave at least 0.2 g. of dry caffeine. 

Keep with care. 

CAFFEINUM. 

Ojffeine. 
C,H,oNA-f H/) -212.28 

AVhite, flexible, silky, glistening, needle-shaped crystals, havinji; a 
slightly bitter taste ; soluble in 80 })arts of water, forming a colorlcs-^ 
solution, with a neutral reaction ; soluble in about 50 parts of alcohol, 
and in i) parts of chloroform, slightly soluble in ether ; efflorescent in 
the air, and losing its water of crystallisation at 100° C. Melting point: 
230.5° C. 

If Caffeine be dissolved in 2 parts of boiling water and cooled, 
a crystalline brew is obtained ; when slowly heated, it partly volati- 



CAFPEIN. CAXa SULFURA. 65 

lises at about 100° C. and completely sublimes at 180° C. without 
leaving any solid residue. 

Its aqueous solution produces, with a solution of tannic acid, a 
precipitate soluble in excess. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 10 parts of chlorine water, and 
evaporated on a water-bath, the resulting residue has a yellowish-red 
color, and acquires, when mixed with a little ammonia water, a 
violet-red coloration. 

Its cold, saturated aqueous solution is rendered turbid neither with 
chlorine water, nor with iodine solution, nor should the solution 
acquire any coloration with ammonia water. 

If 0.1 g. of it be separately dissolved in 1 ccra. each of sulphuric, 
and of nitric acids, no coloration should be produced in either cases. 

Keep with care. 

CALCARIA CHLORATA. 

Chlorinated lime. Chloride of lime. 

A white or whitisli powder, having the odor resembling that of 
chlorine, and partly soluble in water. 

Chlorinated Lime is dissolved, with evolution of chlorine, in acetic 
acid which, when diluted with water and filtered, yields a white 
precipitate with a solution of ammonium oxalate. 

It contains more than 25 per cent, of available chlorine (01 = 36.45). 

If 0.5 g. of it be triturated with 20 ccm. of water, and 1 g. of potas- 
sium iodide and 20 drops of hydrochloric acid be added, the iodine 
set free, should require at least 35.2 ccm. of dccinormal sodium 
thiosulphate solution to combine with. 

Keep well-cloeed, in a cool place. 



CALCARIA SULFURATA. 

Sulphurated lime. 
Thoroughly mix 
Exsiccated calcium sulphate 70 p/«- 



•66 CALC. SULFURA. CAUC. UST. 

Charcoal powder 10 pt». 

Starch 2pi». 

put the mixture into a erucible with cover ; heat to bright redness 
until the contents have lost their black color ; allow the crucible to 
<5ool ; reduce the product to powder, and immediately put it into a 
well- closed bottle. 

A light gray powder, slightly evolving the odor of hydn^en 
sulphide, and slowly decomposing in the air ; sparingly soluble in 
water, somewhat soluble in hot water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

Sulphurated Lime dissolves in dilute acetic acid, with abundant 
evolution of hydrogen sulphide gas, forming a turbid solution which 
gives a clear filtrate when filtered, and yields, with ammonium oxalate 
i^lution, a white precipitate soluble in hydrochloric acid. 

If the solution of 2.08 g. of copper sulphate in 50 ocm. of water 
be heated to boiling, and 1 g. of it gradually thrown into the solution 
and warmed for 15 minutes on a water-bath, and be filtered after 
eooling, the resulting filtrate should acquire no coloration with a 
■drop of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



CALCARIA USTA. 

Quick Lime. 
CaO = 56 

Whitish, compact masses which, when mixed with about half its 
weight of water, gradually falls to a white powder, evolving heat at the 
same time, and producing a homogeneous brew with 3 — 4 parts of 
water ; almost completely soluble in nitric acid without effervescence, 
and the resulting solution, when diluted with water, produces, after 
adding an excess of sodium acetate solution, a white precipitate with 
solution of ammonium oxalate. 

Kesp well-closed. 



CAIiC. CAKBO. PRJECI. CALC. HYPOPHOS. 67 

CALCIUM CARBONICUM PR/ECIPITATUM. 

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. 

CaCO3=100 

A minute, white, crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, 
-completely soluble with effervescence in acetic acid, forming a solution 
which yields, with ammonium oxalate solution, a white precipitate. 

If 1 part of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate be shaken with 50 
parts of boiling water and filtered, the filtrate has no alkaline reaction, 
and, when evaporated, should leave no weighable solid residue. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50), obtained by boiling it with dilute 
acetic acid, immediately produces no change with a solution of barium 
nitrate, and should produce, with silver nitrate solution, no more than 
an opalescence even after 5 minutes, and should also produce no 
change, on being supersaturated either with ammonia water, or with 
lime water. 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved in 50 ccm. of water, which is previously 
Edified with hydrochloric acid, the resulting solution should produce 
BO blue coloration with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate 
<of potash. 

CALCIUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Calcium Hypophosphite. 
CaH4(PO,)2=170.04 

A white, crystalline powder, or colorless, transparent, tabular crys- 
tals, soluble in 7 parts of water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

When heated, Calcium Hypophosphite assumes a reddisli-yellow 
•color, and evolves spontaneously inflammable vapors ; its aqueous 
solution yields, with ammonium oxalate solution, a white precipitate 
insoluble in acetic acid ; an excess of its aqueous solution, when 
acidified with hydrochloric acid and mixed with a solution of cor- 
rosive sublimate, yields a precipitate which is white at first, but 
afterwards turns gray. 



68 CALC. HYPOPHOS. CALC. PHOSPHOBI. PBiEX:i. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20) reacts neutral or slightly acid; and, 
when mixed with lead acetate solution, should yield no precipitate; 
the same solution, when filtered after adding solutions of ammonium 
chloride and of ammonium carbonate, gives a filtrate which should 
neither be rendered turbid with a solution of sodium phosphate, 
nor should produce, after being acidified with nitric acid, any more 
than a turbidity with a solution of barium nitrate. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



CALCIUM PHOSPHORICUM PR/ECIPITATUM. 

Precipitated Calcium Phosphate. 

CaHP04+ 2H,0 = 172.05 
Take 

Calcium carbonate 20 pis. 

gradually pour on it, under shaking, a mixture of 

Hydrochloric acid 60 jfc. 

Distilled water 50 pte> 

warm gently, when the evolution of carbonic acid gas diminishes; 
decant the upper, clear solution here obtained ; add an excess of 
chlorine water ; heat it again until the odor of chlorine completely 
disappears ; add 

Slaked lime 1 pi- 
let it stand for half an hour at 35° — 40° C; filter; after cooling, adJ 
to the filtrate 

Phosphoric acid 1 pt 

slowly add, under shaking 

Sodium phosphate SI ptt- 

which is previously dissolved in 

Warm distilled water 300 p(9- 

filtered and cooled down to 20° — 25° C; thoroughly stir the resulting 
precipitate until it becomes crystalline ; collect it on a filter-cloth ; 
repeatedly wash with water ; when the washing, aft«r being acidified 
with nitric acid, yields only a slight opalescence with silver nitrate 
solution, remove the water by pressing, and aft;er drying by a gentle 
heat, reduce it to a fine powder. 



CAIiC. PHOSPHORI. PRJECI.— CAMPH. DEPUR. 69 

A light, white, crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, 
sparingly soluble in cold acetie acid, and easily soluble without effer- 
vescence in hydrochloric and nitric acids. 

When moistened with a solution of silver nitrate. Precipitated 
CUdum Phosphate acquires a yellow color, though it ceases to do so 
after a long ignition ; when dissolved in acetic acid, it yields a white 
precipitate with a solution of ammonium oxalate. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride 
solution, no dark coloration should be produced within an hour. 

If 1 part of the salt be shaken with 20 parts of water and filtered, 
the filtrate should, after the addition of acetic acid, produce no change 
with a solution of barium nitrate, and should produce, on adding 
silver nitrate solution, no more than an opalescence. 

Its solution (1 : 20) in water, which is previously acidified with 
nitric acid, should produce a pure white precipitate either with an 
excess of ammonia water, or with a solution of hydrogen sulphide. 

When heated strongly, it should lose 25-26 per cent, of its weight. 



CALCIUM SULFURICUM USTUM. Gypsum Ustum. 

Exsiccated Calcium Sulphate. Burnt Gh/p^um. 

A white powder. If 1 part of Exsiccated Calcium Sulphate be 
mixed with 0.5 part of water, it should solidify within 5 minutes. 
Keep well-closed. 



CAMPHORA DEPURATA. 

Purified Camphor. 

CioH,eO=152.16 

Colorless, translucent or white, semi-transparent, crystalline masses 
of a tough consistency, or a white, cr3'^stalline powder, having a char- 
acteristic odor and a slightly bitter, pungent taste, followed by a 



70 CAAfPH. DEPUB. CAKTHARID. 

refreshing after-taste ; volatilising completely at the temperature of 
a water-batli, and burning with a smoky, luminous flame ; almost 
insoluble in water, easily soluble in ether, chloroform, and in alcohol. 
Melting point: 175^ C. Boiling point: 204° C. 

Before pulverisation, Purified Camphor should be moistened either 
with alcohol or with ether. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



CAMPHORA MONOBROMATA. 

Monobromated Camphor. 
C,oHi5BrO=231.11 

Colorless, prismatic needles, or tables, stable in the air ; having a 
somewhat milder, camphor-like odor and taste; almost insoluble in 
water, but easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and in chloroform, and 
showing a neutral reaction. Melting point : about 76® C. 

If Monobromated Camphor be dissolved by heating in a mixture 
of 1 volume of dilute sulphuric acid and 5 volumes of alcohol, and 
a piece of pure zinc be thrown into the solution, a yellowish-white 
precipitate is produced on adding, after hydrogen gas has been evolved 
for a short time, a solution of silver nitrate. 

It should be soluble in sulpliuric acid, forming a perfectly or 
nearly colorless solution. 

Its alcoholic solution, when boiled with a solution of silver nitrate, 
should produce no precipitate. 

On ignition, 0.02 g. of it should leave no solid residue. 

Keej) with care. 

CANTHARIDES. 

Cantbarides. Blistering Flies. 

The dried beetle, Epicauta Gorhami Mars. 

It is 1.5 — 1.8 cm. in length and 4 — 5 mm. in breadth. The elytroD 
is of a dull blackish color, and provided witli a line, consisting 



CANTHABID.^— CABB. OSSI. PULV. 71 

— --— - — — - 

of yellowish hairs, along the middle and either margin. The head 
IS nearly heart-shaped and triangular, its hinder part being of a 
reddish color; the abdomen is black and shining, and shows 4^5 
rings formed of yellowish hairs. It has a strong disagreeable odor. 

Mix 10 g. of Cantharides, in the form of medium powder, with 100 
ocm. of chloroform and 2 com. of hydrochloric acid ; put aside for 24 
hours with occasional shaking ; filter 50 ccm. of the chloroform solution 
through a dry filter-paper, well covered, into an exactly weighed glass 
flask ; distill off the chloroform ; on the residue pour 5 ccm. of petro- 
leum benzin ; keep well stoppered and set aside for 12 hours with 
occasional shaking ; filter through a filter-paper of 5 cm. in diameter^ 
which is previously dried at 100° C, weighed and moistened with 
petroleum benzin ; on the insoluble part pour 10 ccm. of petroleum 
benzin repeatedly for 2 times, and filter through the same filter-paper 
as before ; after drying the filter-paper and the glass flask, wash them 
with a little water containing a drop of ammonium carbonate solution 
in every 10 ccm.; when the wasliing acquires a yellow color, wash once 
more with 5 ccm. of water ; drop off the water adhering to the glass 
flask and the filter-paper ; after drying, put the filter-paper together 
with its content into the glass flask ; dry at 100° C. till it attains a 
constant weight, then the weight of the crystalline residue should be 
at least 0.1 g. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 8 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 



CAPSULyC COPAIV/E. 

Capaiva in Capsule. 

Each capsule contains 0.5 g. of copaiva balsam, having the properties 
stated under Baisamum Copaivce. 

CARBO'OSSIUM PULVERATUS. 

Powdered Animal Charcoal. 
Pulverise ordinary animal charcoal ; aft^r extracting it several 



7 2 CAIIB. (>SSI. PULV. CARVOX. 



times with hot hydrochloric aeid^ thoroughly wash it with boiling 
water till a portion of it, when burnt^ leaves only a very slight, solid 
residue ; after drying, put it into a well*covered crucible, ignite, and 
transfer it into a vessel while still warm, and keep well closed. 

A black powder which, when boiled with water, should give a solution 
showing no acid reaction, and, when boiled with dilute hydrochloric 
acid and filtered, should give a filtrate producing no change with 
hydrogen sulphide solution. 



CARRAGEEN. 

Carrageen. Irish Mass. 

The dried Chondrus crispus Lyngbyc. and Gigartina mammtllosa 
J. G. Agardh. 

It is yellowish-white or brownish-yellow ; horny, foliaceons, not 
larger than the size of a hand, and divided into broad or narrow 
lobes. 

Wlicn 30 parts of water are added to 1 part of Carrageen, it is 
softened, and if boiled, becomes thick on cooling, and produces a paste, 
of a light taste, giving no blue coloration with a solution of iodine. 

If 1 part of it be equally soaked with the addition of 5 parts of 
water and filtered, the filtrate should not redden a blue litmns paper, 
and 10 ccm. of the same filtrate should, with a drop of decinormal 
iodine solution, acquire a yellow coloration. 

Other algce, if mixed with it, should be only a very little. 



CARVONUM. 

Carvon. 
C,oH„0=150.14 

An oxygen-containing constituent, present in the oil of caraway. 

A colorless or light yellowish liquid, having an aromatic taste and 
odor, resembling those of caraway-seed. Boiliug point : 229° — 2*>0° C. 
Specific gravity : above 0.96. 



CARVOX. CASGA. SAGRAP. 73 

If 1 part of Carvon be dissolved ia 2 parts of dilute alcohol, a 
clear solution should be obtained. 



CARYOPHYLLI. 

Cloves. 

The dried flower-buds of Eugenia aromatica Bail. They are of a 
brown color. The ovary is cylindrical and obscurely 4-angled, fiir- 
nished with 2 narrow locules in its upi>er part, and crowned above 
with 4-toothed calyx. The latter bears almost round, light brown 
petals in its inner side, which enclose numerous stamens and are 
globular in shape. 

Its ovary and calyx-tube contain an especially large, round secretory 
organ, which exudes a volatile oil when pressed. 

Cloves have a characteristic, aromatic, spicy odor and taste. 

Keep well-closed. 



CASCARA SAG RAD A. Cortex Jthmnni Purahiance. 
Cascara Sagrada. Sacred Bark. 

The dried bark of Bhamnus Purshiana D. C. 

In quills or curved pieces, 3—10 cm. long, 2 mm. thick ; externally 
brown; marked with transversely extended lenticels; often covered 
with grayifihWhite lichens. The inner surface is of a yellowish or a 
brownish color, and the fractured surface also of a yellowish color. 
The inner sur^u;e of a thicker bark is somewhat fibrous. It tastes 
bitter. 

The clear solution, obtained by extracting 1 part of Cascara Sagrada 
ia coarse powder with 100 parts of cold water, produces a yellowish- 
red coloration by adding 2 or 3 drops of ammonia water. 

When soaked in lime water, a dark red color is developed in its 
inner sur&ce. 



\ 
\ 



74 CATECH. CATJTSCH. 



y' CATECHU. 

Catechu. 

(a) Gambir, 

The dry extract which is prepared in India from the leaves and 
twigs of Ourouparia Gambir Bail. It consists of brownish, and in- 
ternally light-colored, brittle masses. 

(b) Pegu^catechu. 

The dry extract prepared in India from the heart-wood of Acacia 
Catechu Willd. It consists of, both externally and internally, dark 
brown masses, sometimes marked with })ores, and breaking with con- 
choidal fractures. 

When triturated with glycerin and examined under the microscope, 
magnifying 200 times, Pegu-catechu appears crystalline in general; 
having a somewhat bitter and astringent, followed by a slightly sweet, 
taste. 

Its dilute alcoholic solution acquires a green color with ferric chloride 
solution. 

On boiling 1 part of it with 10 parts of water, a turbid, brownisli- 
red, acid solution is obtained, which, when decanted from its insoluble 
parts, yields an abundant, brown precipitate on cooling ; the above 
iiLSoluble parts, when washed with hot water and dried at 100° C, 
should not exceed 15 per cent. 

The residue, obtained by completely extracting it with boiling 
alcohol, when dried at 100° C, should not exceed 15 per cent. 

On Ignition, it should leave not more than 6 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

CAUTSCHUC. 

Caoutchouc. 

The dried and purified milky juice collected from various tropical 
trees belonging to Moraceae, Urticacece, Euphorbiaoese, and Ajw- 
cynacece. 



CAUTSCH. CER. ALB. 75 



Brown^ semi-transparent plates, about 0.5 mm. in thickness ; having 
a strong elasticity ; insoluble in water, and in alcohol, but soluble in 
benzene, petroleum benzin, chloroform, and in carbon disulphide. 
When macerated in hot water. Caoutchouc becomes neither soft nor 
plastic. Melting point : about 120° C. 

K 1 part of it be treated with 7.5 parts of petroleum benzin, it 
should be dissolved in a few hours, leaving no residue. 

If 0.2 g. of it be cut into minute pieces and gradually thrown into 
2 g. of a fused mixture, consisting of 2 parts of sodium nitrate and 
1 part of sodium carbonate, it burns with a flame, and the fused 
mass, hftev cooling, should dissolve in water without leaving any 
residue; and the resulting solution (1 : 50), after being acidified with 
nitric acid, should produce no change with barium nitrate solution. 



CERA ALBA. 
White Wax. 

Yellow Wax bleached by exposure to sunlight. White or whitish 
masses, melting at about 64° C. to a colorless liquid. Specific gravity : 
0.965-0.975. 

White Wax should have no rancid odor. 

If 2 parts of alcohol be mixed with 7 parts of water and set aside 
at 15° C. until the bubbles disappear, and the wax, made into globular 
shape, be thrown into the mixture, it should either remain suspended 
in the liquid, or should do so, when the specific gravity of the liquid 
is made 0.965—0.975 by adding more water. The globular wax 
for this purpose, should be prepared by melting it. at a temperature 
as low as possible, and pouring it, drop by drop, into a glass vessel 
containing alcohol, and it should be used after leaving for 24 hours 
in the air. 

The cold, colorless solution, obtained by boiling 1 g. of it for 2 or 
3 minutes with 20 ccm. of alcohol and filtering after an hourj should 
redden a blue litmus paper only very slightly, if at all ; the same 
solution should not become much turbid by adding water. 

If 1 g. of it be mixed with 10 ccm. of water and 3 g. of sodium 
carbonate, and the mixture heated till it boils strongly, and cooled. 



76 CEB. ALB. ^CERI. OXALIC. 

it is deposited on the surface of the solution which should show no 
more than a slight opalescence. 

If 3 g. of it be boiled with 60 ccm. of alcohol and cooled, the solu- 
tion should require, after being mixed with 12 drops of the solution 
of phenolphthalein, 0.5 — 0.85 ccm. of half-normal alcoholic potassium 
hydroxide solution to produce a red coloration ; and if to the mixture, 
20 ccm. of half-normal alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution be freshly 
added and heated on a water-bath for an hour, it should require, in 
order to neutralise the excess of potassium hydroxide, 10.0— 11. 4 ccm. 
of half-normal hydrochloric acid solution. 



CERA FLAVA. 
Yellow Wax. 

A substance obtained from the honey-<»mb of the bees, by melting 
carefully after the honey has been taken out. 

Light yellow or yellow masses, melting at 63° — 64° C. to a clear 
liquid, having the honey-like odor. Specific gravity: 0.962—0.972. 

A mixture of 2 parts of alcohol and 7 parts of water is kept at 
15° C. until the bubbles disappear, and if tlie Yellow Wax, made into 
globular shape, be thrown into the mixture, it should either remain 
suspended iu the mixture, or should do so, when the specific gravity 
of the liquid is made 0.962 — 0.972 by adding more water. The 
globular wax for this purpose, should be prepared by melting it at 
a temperature as low as possible, and pouring it, drop by drop, into 
a glass vessel containing alcohol, and it should be used aft;er leaving 
for 24 hours in the air. 

As for the other tests, those given under Cera Alba are equally 
applicable. 

CERIUM OXAUCUM. 

Cerium Oxalate. 

Ce2(C A)3 + 9H2O = 706.1 8 

A white, granular, odorless, tasteless powder, stable in the air; 
insoluble in water, and in alcohol. 



CERI. OXALIC. CETACE. 7 7 

A solntioQ of Cerium Oxalate in hydrocliloric acid produces, on 
being mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, a gelatinous precipitate 
which is insoluble in excess; when filtered, the filtrate, after being 
snpersaturated with acetic acid, produces a white precipitate witli 
calcium chloride solution. 

It is dissolved with no effervescence in hydrochloric acid, and if 
sodium hydroxide solution be added to the resulting solution, and 
the gelatinous precipitate be filtered off, the filtrate should, on 
heating with an excess of ammonium chloride solution, produce no 
precipitate ; the same filtrate should also produce no change with 
ammonium sulphide solution. 

On gentle ignition, it should leave about 48 per cent, of a yellow 
or yellowish-red, neutral powder which, when dissolved in hydrochloric 
acid and diluted with water (1 : 40), should produce no precipitate 
with hydrogen sulphide solution ; the same solution, after being super- 
saturated with ammonia and filtered, should produce no precipitate 
witli a solution either of ammonium oxalate, or of sodium phosphate. 

The solution, obtained by shaking 1 part of the salt with 50 parts 
of water and filtering, should produce no more than a strong opales- 
cence with silver nitrate solution, and also a turbidity with barium 
nitrate solution. 

When warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, it should evolve 
no odor of ammonia. 

Keep with care. 



CETACEUM. 

Spermaceti. 

A purified, solid constituent of tlie fatty substances, contained chiefly 
in the cavity at the head of Phyaeter macrocephalus Linn. 

White, crystalline, brittle masses, with foliar structure and pearly 
lustre; melting at 45** — 50° C. to a clear, colorless liquid with a 
slight odor, not like that of a rancid oil ; soluble in ether, chloroform, 
carbon disulphide, and in boiling alcohol. Specific gravity : about 0.943. 

If 1 part of Spermaceti be dissolved in about 50 parts of boiling 
alcohol and left at ordinary temperatures, it gradually crystallises out 



78 CETACE. CHININ. JETHYLCARB. 

again ; the solution, decanted from the crystals, is neutral to test- 
papers, and should not produce a flocculent precipitate, when mixed 
with an equal volume of water. 

If 1 g. of it be boiled with 1 g. of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 
fiOccm. of alcohol, and the mixture filtered, the filtrate, on being 
acidified with acetic acid, may become turbid but should not produce 
a precipitate. 

CHARTA RUBEFACIENS. 

Rubefacient Paper. 
Mix 

Yellow Wax S pts. 

Spermaceti Spu, 

Olive oil 4pts. 

Cantharides, in fine 2>owder 1 pL 

Terpentine li^. 

Water 10 pts> 

Boil the mixture for 2 hours with constant stirring ; strain through 
a piece of muslin without applying any pressure ; put the solidified 
mass of the strained liquid into a fiat dish, and after melting on a 
water-bath, apply it uniformly to one side of a piece of paper. 



CHININUM >ETHYLCARBONICUM. 

Ethyl Quinine Carbonate. 
C^Hj^NA^ 396.36 

Colorless, soft, needle-shaped, almost odorless crystals, having a 
slightly bitter taste ; sparingly soluble in water, but easily soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and in chloroform. Melting point: 95** C. 

If 0.1 g. of Ethyl Quinine Carbonate be dissolved in chlorine water, 
the resulting solution acquires a green coloration with an excess of 
ammonia water. 

It dissolves readily in water which is mixed with a small quantity 



CHINIX. ^THYLCARB. CHDOX. BISULFURI. 79 

of dilute sulphuric acid, and the resulting solution exhibits a bluish- 
green fluorescence. 

If 0.1 g. of it be dissolved by heating in 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid, 
the resulting solution, on adding a drop of potassium bichromate 
solution, produces a green color and evolves the odor of the aldehyde. 

Its solution in water, which is previously acidified with nitric 
acid, should not be rendered turbid by a solution either of barium 
nitrate, or of silver nitrate. 

When heated, it should be consumed wifhout leaving any solid residue. 



CHININUM BISULFURICUM. 

Quinine Bisulphate. 

C20H34NA.H2SO4+ 7H20«548.54 

Lustrous, colorless, prismatic crystals, efflorescent in the air ; turning 
yellow when exposed to light, and having an exceedingly bitter taste ; 
soluble in 11 parts of water, and in 32 parts of alcohol. Melting 
point : 80** C. An aqueous solution of Quinine Bisulphate reacts acid, 
and has a blue fluorescence. 

ft 

The aqueous solution of the salt, after being mixed with chlorine 
water, acquires a green coloration on adding an excess of ammonia 
water, and produces, with the addition of barium nitrate solution, a 
white precipitate which is insoluble in acids. 

When moistened with sulphuric or nitric acid, the salt should acquire 
no more than a yellowish coloration ; its aqueous solution (1 : 50), after 
being mixed with 2 or 3 drops of nitric acid, should not become 
turbid with silver nitrate solution. 

Dissolve 2g. of the salt in 20 ccm. of water by warming gently 
in a test-tube, and exactly neutralise it with normal potassium 
hydroxide solution, and keep for half an hour at the temperature of 
60° — 65° C. with continuous stirring, and afterwards put the test-tube 
for 2 hours in water at 15° C. and shake frequently, then press out 
the content of the test-tube through a dry cloth of about 100 sqcm., 
and filter the resulting liquid again through a filter-paper of 7 cm. 
in diameter, and take 5 ccm. of the filtrate at 15° C. into a dry 
test-tube, and gradually add ammonia water at 15° C. and lightly 



80 CHIXIN. BISULFURI.— CHINIX. PERRO-CITKI. 

shake, then not more than 7.6 com. of ammonia water should be re- 
quired in order to completely dissolve the precipitate formed at first. 

When slowly dried at 100° C. to a constant weight, the salt should 
lose not more than 23 per cent. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of the salt should leave no weighable solid re- 
sidue. 

Keep in well-closed vessels, protected from light. 



CHININUM FERRO-CITRICUM. 
Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

Lustrous, transparent, thin, dark reddish-brown leaflets, having a 
bitter, ferruginous taste ; slowly but completely soluble in water, and 
sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine, after being 
acidified with hydrochloric acid, acquires a blue color with a solution 
of yellow prussiate of potash, and on adding ammonia water, the same 
solution produces a white precipitate which is completely soluble in ether. 

The salt contains 9—10 per cent, of pure quinine (C2oH2,N20:j= 
324.32). 

On heating, the salt is at first carbonised and then consumed, leaving 
a residue which should have no alkaline reaction. 

If the aqueous solution (1 : 5) of the salt be boiled with an excess 
of* potassium hydroxide solution till the iron is completely precipitated, 
no ammonia should be evolved ; the solution, whicli is obtained by 
filtering off the above precipitate, on being acidified with acetic acid 
and lefl for a long time, should produce no crystalline precipitate. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce, on adding 
barium nitrate solution, no more than a slight turbidity. 

If 1 g. of the salt be dissolved in 4 ccm. of water, made strongly 
alkaline by adding sodium hydroxide solution and extracted 3 times, 
each with 7 ccm. of ether, and the ethereal extracts be collected and 
evaporated, then the residue obtained, when dried at 100° C, should 
weigh at least 0.09 g ; when the quinine, prepared by the above method, 
is dissolved in alcohol and completely neutralised witli dilute sulphuric 
acid, evaporated and crystallised, then the crystals here obtained, 



CHINIX. FEB.-CITRI.— ^-CHININ. HYDROCHIX)R. 81 

should conform with the tests given under Quininum sidphurtcum. 

If 1 g. of the salt be gently ignited^ moistened with nitric acid^ and 
evaporated by a gentle heat, the residue, on re-ignition, should leave 
at lea^ 0.3 g. of ferric oxide. 

Keep protected from light. 



CHININUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Quinine Hydrochloride. 
Ca>H,,N AHCl + 2H2O = 396.82 

White, needle-shaped crystals, having an exceedingly bitter taste ; 
soluble in 3 parts of alcohol, and in 34 parts of water. 

An aqueous solution of Quinine Hydrochloride is colorless and 
neutral, and exhibits no fluorescence. 

If 5 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 200) of the salt be mixed 
with 1 ccm. of chlorine water, and an excess of ammonia water be 
added, a green coloration is produced ; the same aqueous solution, after 
being acidified with nitric acid, produces, on adding silver nitrate 
solution, a white precipitate. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the salt should become not more 
than slightly turbid with barium nitrate solution, and should also not 
become turbid with dilute sulphuric acid. 

On mixing 0.05 g. of the salt with 10 drops of sulphuric acid and 
1 drop of nitric acid, no reddish-yellow coloration should be produced. 
When boiled with milk of lime, the salt should evolve no ammonia. 
Mix 2 g. of the salt with 20 ccm. of water, and warm at 60® C. 
until it dissolves, add 1 g. of freslily powdered, uneiSoresced sodium 
sulphate into the mixture, heat the resulting brew-like mass, under 
stirring, for 5 minutes on a water-bath, set aside for an hour at 1 5° C, 
pack the content in a dry cloth of 100 sqcm. and press, filter the 
resulting liquid through a filter-paper 7 cm. in diameter, and take 

5 ccm. of the filtrate at 15** C. into a dry test-tube, and gradually add 
ammonia water at 15° C. and shake lightly, then not more than 

6 ccm. of ammonia water should be required fi)r completely redissolving 
the precipitate produced at first. 



82 CHININ. HYDROCHL.OII. CHIXIN. SirLE^^^* 



If 1 g. of the salt be dried at 100° C, not more tPa^ ^.09 g. of 
its weight should be lost. v 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of the salt should leave no wel^"'*'^^^ ^^'^^ 



residue. 



\ 



CHININUM SULFURICUM. 

QuiDine Sulphate. 
(CsoHj4NA)2-H2S04+ 8H.O=8()0.88 



\ 



Fine, white, needle-shai>cd crystals, having an exceedingly bitti 
taste ; soluble in about 800 parts of water, 25 parts of boiling wat'cr 
and in 6 parts of boiling alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Quinine Sulphate reacts neutral, and exhibits 
no fluorescence, however, if 1 drop of dilute sulpliuric acid be addeil 
to it, a blue fluorescence is produced. 

If 5ccm. of the cold, saturated aqueous solution of the salt be 
mixed with 1 ccm. of chlorine water, and an excess of ammonia water 
be added, a green coloration is produced ; the same solution, after being 
acidified with nitric acid, yields a white precipitate on adding barium 
nitrate solution. 

AVhcn moistened with sulphuric or nitric acid, the stilt should 
acquire almost no color. 

On boiling the salt with milk of lime, no ammonia should be evolved. 

The cold, saturated aqueous solution of the salt, after being acidi- 
fied with dilute nitric acid, should produce no change with silver 
nitrate solution. 

If 1 g. of the salt be added to 7 ocm. of a mixture of 2 volumes 
of chloroform and 1 volume of absolute alcohol, and warmed for a 
while at 40° — 50° C, it should completely dissolve, and the resulting 
solution should remain almost clear, even after cooling. 

Mix 2 g. of the salt, completely effloresced at 40° — 50° C, with 
20 ccm. of water in a test-tube ; warm at 60° — 65° C, with constant 
shaking, for half an hour ; put into water at 16° C; leave there for 
2 hours with frequent stirring, and pack its content in a dry cloth 
of 100 sqcm. and press ; !iltcr the resulting solution through a filter- 
paper 7 cm. in diameter, and take 5 ccm. of the filtrate at 15° C. into 



\ 



CHI^'IX. SULFTJEI. CHINIX. TANiSIC. 83 

a dry test-tube, and gradually add ammonia water at 15° C. and 
shake lightly, then not more than 6 com. of ammonia water should be 
required for completely redi&solving the precipitate, once formed at 
the beginning. 

If 1 g. of the salt be dried at 100° C, not more than 0.15 g. of 
its weight should be lost. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of the salt should leave no weighable solid re- 
sidue. 

Keep protected from light. 

CHININUM TANNICUM. 

Quinine Tanuate. 

A yellowinh-whitc, odorle><, crystalline powder, liaving a very 
slightly bitter and astringent taste ; sparingly soluble in water, and 
Rmicwhat easily soluble in alcohol. 

Quinine Tannate contains 30 — 32 per cent, of quinine (C^joHa^NjOa = 
324.32). 

The aqueous or alcoholic solution of the salt acquires, on tlie addition 
of ferric chloride solution, a bluish-black coloration. 

The solution (1 : 50), obtained by sliaking the salt witli water and 
a small quantity of nitric acid and filtering, should produce no change 
with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, or of silver nitrate ; if the 
same solution becomes immediately turbid by barium nitrate solution, 
the turbidity should be only very slight. 

Mix 1 g. of the salt with 4 com. of water in a separating-funnel, 
make the solution strongly alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution, 
thoroughly shake with 15ccm. of ether, and take the clear upper 
solution into a previously weighed vessel, and repeat the same operation 
twice more, each with 15ccm. of ether, and put together the ethereal 
solutions, and distill or evaporate the ether off, tlien the resulting 
residue, when dried at 100° C, sliould weigh at least 0.3 g. 

If the quinine, prepared by the above method by taking a somewhat 
larger quantity of the salt, be dissolved in alcohol and exactly neutra- 
lised with dilute sulphuric acid, and the solution be evaporated, then 
•the resulting substance should conform entirely w-ith the properties 
stated under Chinimnn sulphur icum. 



84 CHININ. TAXNIC. CHLOROFORM. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of the salt should leave no weighable solid residue. 
Keep protected from light. 

CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. 

Chloral Hydrate. 
C2HC1AH20= 165.38 

Colorless, transparent, dry crystals, having a penetrating odor and 
a caustic, somewhat bitter taste ; easily soluble in water, alcohol, 
and in ether, slightly soluble in fatty oils, and in carbon disulphide, 
and slowly soluble in 5 parts of chloroform. Melting point : 58° C 

Chloral Hydrate, when heated with sodium hydroxide solution, first 
becomes turbid and then clear, with separation of chloroform. 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of alcohol, the solution hardly 
reddens a blue litmus paper, and should not at once produce any 
change on adding silver nitrate solution. 

If 0.5 g. of it be mixed with 5 ccm. of sulphuric acid in a gl&ss 
tube, having an internal diameter of 3 cm. and provided with a 
glass-stopper, and frequently shaken and left aside, the mixture should 
acquire no coloration within an hour. 

If 0.2 g. of it be carefully heated, it should volatilise without leav- 
ing any weighable solid residue, emitting, at the same time, no 
inflammable vapors. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 



CHLOROFORMIUM. 

Chloroform. 

CHCI3 =119.36 

A clear, volatile liquid, with a characteristic odor, and having a, 
slightly sweet taste; very slightly soluble in water, but miscible 
with alcohol, ether, and with fatty and volatile oils. Boiling point : 
60-62° C. Specific gravity: 1.485-1.495. 



CHLOROFORM. CHRYSAROBIX. 85 

When Chloroform is shaken with half its volume of water, the latter 
does not redden a blue litmus paper, and if that water be careiully 
poured into the solution of silver nitrate diluted with an equal parts 
of water, no turbidity should be produced. 

It acquires no coloration on shaking with the solution of zinc iodide 
and of starch, nor should the latter solution also acquire a blue 
coloration. 

If 20ccm. of it be frequently shaken with 15ccm. of sulphuric 
acid, in a glass tube with a glass-stopper, the latter acid should 
acquire no coloration within an hour. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



CHRYSAROBINUM. Araroba Depurata. 

Chrysarobin. Purified Ooa Powder. 

A substance found deposited in the cavities of the stem of Andira 
Araroba Aguiar, in purified form. 

A yellow, light, crystalline powder. 

Chrysarobin is not completely soluble, even if boiled, in 2000 
times its weight of water, and the tasteless solution, obtained by 
filtering the above aqueous solution, has a slightly brownish-red color, 
reacts neutral to test-papers, and is not colored by ferric chloride 
solution. 

When shaken with ammonia water and left for a day, a carmine- 
red coloration is gradually produced. 

If 1 drop of fuming nitric acid be added to 0.001 g. of it in a 
watch-glass, and ammonia water added to the resulting red solution, 
a violet coloration is produced. 

When sprinkled on sulphuric acid, it should produce a reddish-yellow 
liquid ; 1 part of it, when dissolved in 150 parts of hot alcohol, warm 
chloroform, or in carbon disulphide, should leave not more than a 
slight insoluble residue. 

It melts when heated, evolving yellow vapors, and carbonises, but 
only to a slight extent. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 



86 C OCAtN'UM HYDROCHIX^RICUM 



COCAINUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Cocaine Hydrochloride. 
C,:H2,NO,.HCl = 339.71 

White, odorless leaflets, or prismatic crystals, or a crystalline powder, 
soluble in water, and in alcohol, showing a neutral reaction and 
with a bitter taste, and producing on the tongue a tingling seusaiiou 
followed by a temporary numbness. 

An aqueous solution of Cocaine Hydrochloride, after being acidified 
with hydrochloric acid, produces a white precipitate with corrosive 
sublimate solution, a brown precipitate with iodine solution, and witli 
potassium hydroxide solution, a white precipitate which is cai^ily soluble 
in alcohol, and in ether ; when acidified with nitric acid, its aqueous 
solution yields a white precipitate with silver, nitrate solution. 

On warming 0.1 g. of the salt with 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid for 
5 minutes at about 100° C, and carefully pouring into the resulting 
solution, 2 ccm. of water, it evolves the odor of ethyl benzoate, and on 
cooling, the solution deposits abundant crystals which also dLssolvc in 
2 ccm. of alcohol. 

The mixture of equal parts of the salt and of calomel turiLS black, 
when it is moistened with dilute alcohol. 

If 0.05 g. of the salt be di&solved in 5 ccm. of water, and 5 drops 
of chromic acid solution poured into the solution, every drop produces 
a yellow precipitate which, however, disappears on shaking, and i^ 
reproduced on the addition of 0.8 ccm. of hydrochloric acid. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be dissolved in 1 ccm. of sulphuric or nitric 
acid, no coloration should take place ; the solution, obtained by dis- 
solving 0.1 g. of the salt in 5 ccm. of water, acquires, on adding at 
first 3 drops of dilute sulphuric acid and then 5 drops of potassium 
permanganate solution, a violet coloration which should not be de- 
colorised within half an hour. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be dissolved in 100 ccm. of water, and 4 drops 
of ammonia water added and set aside, no turbidity should be pro- 
duced within an hour. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no more than an 



cxx;aix. hydrochlor. codeix. phosphori. 87 



opalescence with barium nitrate solution ; tlie same solution produces, 
with sodium hydroxide solution, a white, crystalline precipitate, but 
sliould evolve no ammonia. 

The salt should lose no weight at 100^ C. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of the salt should leave no weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 

COCCIONELLA. 

Cochineal. 

The dried female insect, Coccus Cadi Linn. 

It is 6 mm. long, somewhat oblong or oval in shape ; transversely 
wrinkled, convex above, flat or ci)iicave beneath ; of a violet-black or 
violet-gray color, usually with a silverly line ; easily pulverisable, 
yielding a dark red or dark brown powder. 

Cochineal should contain no foreign matter. 

It should leave, when ignited, not more than 6 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

CODEINUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

Codeine Phosphate. 
C,8H2,NOa.H,P04+ l^HjO = 424.31 

Fine, white, acicular or hartl crystal, having a bitter taste ; soluble 
in about 3 parts of water, showing a faintly acid reaction, but dif- 
ficultly soluble in alcohol. 

If 0.01 g. of Codeine Phosphate be dissolved in lOccm. of sulphuric 
acid, a colorless solution should be obtained. 

If 0.01 g. of the salt be warmed with a mixture of 10 ccm. of 
sulphuric acid and 5 drops of ferric chloride solution, a blue or violet 
coloration should be produced. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt yields a yellow precipitate 
with silver nitrate solution, and a white precipitate with potassium 
hydroxide solution. 

If 1 ccm. of its aqucoiLs solution (1 : 100) be mixed with a solution, 
which is made by dissolving a piece of red prussiate of potash in 



88 CODEIK. PHOSPHORI. OOIiLEMPLAST. 

lOccm. of water and adding a drop of ferric chloride solution, no 
blue coloration should at once be produced. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt, after being acidified with 
nitric acid, produces no cliange with silver nitrate solution, and should 
not at once become turbid with barium nitrate solution. 

When dried at 100® C, the salt should lose not more than about 
8 per cent, of its weight. 

Keep with care. 

COGNAC. 

Cognac. 

A clear, yellow, alcoholic drink of a superior quality, prepared by 
distilling wine, and having a pleasant odor and an agreeable taste. 
Cognac contains 35 — 39g. of pure alcohol (CiHgO =46.06) in 100 ccm. 



COLLA PISCIUM. IchthyocoUa. 

Isinelass. 



'O' 



A substance obtained from the air-bladder of Acipenaer Huso Linn. 

A whitish, tough, semi-transparent, horny membrane or colorless, 
transparent, iridescent scales or slender slices, without odor or taste. 

When macerated in water, it swells up, and is almost completely 
soluble in boiling water, and in boiling dilute alcohol. 

If 1 part of Isinglass be dissolved in 30 parts of hot water, an 
almost transparent, colorless jelly should be obtained on cooling. 

When incinerated, it should leave not more than 1.2 per cent, of 
solid residue. 

COLLEMPLASTRUM. 

Hard Plaster. 

Take 

Empyreumatic reain-oil 150 pts. 

Copaiva balsam 100 ]^u 



CX)L1.EMPLAST. OOLLODI. 89 

Collophonium 100 fts. 

Anhydrous lanolin 50 j>^«- 

Yellow wax 30 pu. 

Purified guttapercha, fUie cut 250 pu. 

dissolve them in 

Ether 1200 pi8. 

add to the ethereal solution a mixture of 

Iris root, in fine powder 220 pis- 

Sandarac, in fine potvder 50 i>te. 

Ether 400 pte. 

mix them thoroughly so as to get a homogeneous mass, and apply it 

to tlie surface of a piece of clotli. 

COLLODIUM. 

Collodion. 
Mix 

Crude sulphuric acid 1000 i>'«. 

Crude nitric acid 400 pu. 

gradually with care ; after tlie mixture has cooled to 20° C, macerate 
in it 

Purified cotton bb pu. 

let it stand at 15° — 20° C. for 24 hours ; transfer it into a funnel ; 
leave it there for 24 liours more to drain off the excess of the acid ; 
wash with water until tlie acid is completely removed ; press and 
dry at 25° C; take the dried 

Collodion cotton 2 pts. 

into a bottle ; add to it 

Alcohol 7 pi8. 

and after moistening it well, add 

Ether 42 jyts- 

shake repeatedly, and after setting it aside quietly, decant the upper 
clear liquid. 

A colorless or slightly yellow, syrupy liquid, having a neutral 
reaction. If it be made to a thin layer and its ether-alcohol evapo- 
rated, a colorless, tough film is left behind. 

When evaporated. Collodion should leave about 3.5 per cent of 
residue. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



90 OOTXODI. ELA>ST. CX)LLODI. IODOFORM. 



COLLODIUM ELASTICUM. 

Elastic Collodion. 
Mix 

Collodion 94 pfs. 

Terpentine 5 pts. 

Castor oil 1 pts. 

Elastic Cpllodioii is almost colorless or slightly yellow. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



COLLODIUM EPISPASTICUM. 

Cantharidal Collodion. Blislering Collodion. 

Take 

Cantharides^ in medium potvder 1 pt. 

extract it in the cold with 

Ether .... a suitable quantity. 

filter ; evaporate the clear filtrate by a gentle heat until it attains a 
syrupy consistency, and make the whole to 1 part by adding 

Collodion ... a suitable quantity. 

A clear, syrupy, olive-green liquid, having a slightly acid reaction ', 
when its ether-alcohol is volatilised, a green-colored, tough film is 
left behind. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles, in u cool place. 



COLLODIUM lODOFORMIATUM. 

Iodoform Collodion. 
Take 

Iodoform 1 pt. 

dissolve it in 

Collodion 9 pt^. 

A brownish liquid ; it should not have a dark brown color. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



CX)IX)PHOX. CJORT. CASCARIL. 91 



COLOPHONIUM. 

Golophouy. 

A resin prepared by removing terpentine oil from the terpentine 
which is collected from various species of Pinus. 

Transparent, glassy, yellowish or light brown, brittle masses, with 
a white coating on the surface ; breaking with large conchoidal faces ; 
melting, when heated on a water-bath, to a clear viscous liquid, and 
evolving, when strongly heated, heavy, aromatic, white vapors ; soluble 
in 1 part of absolute alcohol, 2 parts of glacial acetic acid, and also 
clearly soluble in 8 parts of dilute potassium hydroxide solution (1 : 40). 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved, at ordinary temperatures, in 25 ccm, of 
half-normal alcoholic potassium hydroxide* solution, and 10 drops of 
phenolphthalein solution Ix) added, 18.6—19.6 ccm. of half-normal 
hydrochloric acid solution should be required for decolorisation. 



CORTEX AURANTII FRUCTUS. 

Bitter Orange Peel. 

The peel of the ripe fruits of Citrus Bigaradia Duham, taken off, 
cut and dried. 

Externally of a brownish color, roughly pitted, and internally of 
a whitish color. 

It has a very bitter, aromatic odor and taste. 

Before using, it should be softened by macerating in cold water for 
15 minutes, and after removing the water completely and setting 
aside well-covered till the next day, the softened spongy tissue should 
b:^ removed, and the peel dried. 

CORTEX CASCARILL/€. 

Sweet Wood Bark. 

The dried bark of the stem and branches of Croton eluteria Benn. 
In quills or curved pieces, 1 — 2mm. thick; the outer surface 



V 



92 COET. CASCARIL. CORT. CHINA. 

covered, here and there, with a whitish cork-layer, which is provided 
with transversely extended, slit-like lenticels, and is irregularly fis- 
sured, assuming a brownish color in the spots where the cork-layer 
has dropped off. Tlie tissue of the bark contains slender scleren- 
chymatous fibres but no stone-cells. 

It has a bitter, aromatic taste and odor, and should contain no pieces 
of wood, 

CORTEX CHIN/€. 

Cinchona Bark. 

The dried bark taken from the stems and branches of various species 
of Cinchona, especially Cinchona succirubra Pav. 

In quills or curved pieces ; brittle ; externally grayish-brown ; 
marked with rough longitudinal ridges and short transverse fissures; 
internally fibrous and brownish-red. 

Under the microscope, bast-fibres, characteristic of the Cinchona 
Bark, are visible. 

The powdered bark produces a carmine-colored tar on heating in 
a small glass tube. 

Mix 12 g. of the bark in fine powder, dried at 100° C, with 125 ccm. 
of ether and 25 ccm. of chloroform, and shake strongly ; after adding to 
the mixture, 10 ccm. of sodium hydroxide solution and setting aside fi)r 
3 hours with occasional strong shaking, let the powder collect together 
by adding 10 ccm., or still more quantity of water and thoroughly 
shaking, and set aside for an hour ; filter 125 ccm. of the clear 
chloroform-ether solution into a small glaas flask, by means of a 
well-covered funnel which is furnished with a dry filter-paper, and 
distill the filtrate till it becomes about half its orginal volume ; put 
the remaining chloroform-ether solution into a separating-fuunel, 
and wash the small flask 3 times, each with 5 ccm. of the mixture 
of 6 ccm. of ether and 1 ccm, of chloroform, and add the washing to 
the solution in the separating-funnel ; shake the mixture strongly 
with 25 ccm. of decinormal hydrochloric acid solution, if necessary, 
with the addition of a suitable quantity of ether ; when the layer of 
the chloroform-ether solution separates, take the lower, clear, acid 
layer, and filter it into a colorless glass flask of 100 ccm. in capacity. 



C50RT. CHINA. CORT/CTTR. FRUCT. 93 

by means of a small filter-paper which is previously moistened with 
water ; add 10 com. of water, successively for 3 times, to the chloro- 
form-ether solution and shake, the aqueous layer being separated and 
filtered, each time, through the same filter-paper which is finally 
washed with water, then mix the whole filtrates and washings, 
and make the mixture to 100 ccm. by adding water. To 50 ccm. of 
the solution thus prepared, add 1 ccm. of alcohol, in which a small 
piece of hematoxylin has been freshly dissolved, and titrate the 
resulting yellowish solution witli decinormal potassium hydroxide 
solution, then not more than 4.3 ccm. of the latter solution should be 
required in order to color it immediately bluish- violet ; and 6 ccm. 
of the solution left in the flask, after being mixed with 1 ccm. of 
chlorine water, should acquire a beautiful green color by adding 
ammonia water. 



CORTEX CINNAMOMI. ^. 

Cassia Bark. 

The dried bark taken from the stems and branches of Cinnamomum 
Cassia Bl. cultivated in southern China, and prepared by removing, 
almost completely, the grayish-brown cork-layer from it. 

In quills or curved pieces, 1 — 3 mm. thick, and 0.5 — 3.0 mm. in 
diameter ; with external surface of a light brown color. 

Examined imder the microscope, sclerenchymatous fibres, about 
0.7 mm. long and 0.03— 0.05 mm. in diameter at their middle part, v 
are scattered singly in the secondary bast, and rarely in groups of 
2 or 3 ; the cortical strands contain mucilage and secretory cells ; the 
medullary rays generally consist of 2 cell-rows. 

Cassia Bark has the odor of cinnamon oil, and should taste neither 
astringent nor slimy. 



CORTEX CITRI FRUCTUS. 

Lemon Peel. 

The pericarp of the fresh ripe fruit of Citrus Limonum Risso, cut 
in spiral ribbons and dried. 



94 (X)RT^CITR. FRUCT. CX3RT. FRANGUL. 



Externally of a brownish-yellow color ; pitted with numerous oil 
reservoirs embedded in the tissue ; and internally of a >vhitish color. 

Lemon Peel has the odor of lemon oil, and an aromatic and slight- 
ly bitter taste. 

CORTEX CONDURANGO. 

Condurango Bark. 

The Condurango Bark is 2— 7mm. thick; in most cases slightly 
curved ; externally of a brownish-gray color ; having light yellowish- 
gray fractures, mastly granular ; if its yomig bark be cut across, long 
fibres come out of peripheral portion ; the cross-section of the secondary 
bast, when examined under the microscope, shows the secondary medul- 
lary rays, whicli are 1-cell, rarely 2-cells broad, and 10-cells to 40-cells, 
mostly 15-cells high ; cells of these medullary rays, partly containing 
groups of the oxalate crystals ; the cortical strands contain laticiferous 
vessels and stone-cell groups, which are elongated in the direction of 
main axis ; the stone-cells are arranged in loose, tangential rows ; the 
parenchyma of the secondary bast is rich in starch ; on the internal 
boundary of the primary cortex, lie the bundles of fibres whicli arc 
arranged in 1 or 2 tangential rows ; the cork-layer consists of thin- 
walled cells. 

The clear liquid, obtained by extracting 1 part of the bark, in the 
cold, with 4 parts of water, is rendered conspicuously turbid on 
heating, but becomes clear again on cooling. 



CORTEX FRANGUL/C. 

Black Alder Bark. 

The bark of the stems and branches of Rhamnus Frangula Linn., 
collected and kept at least one year. 

Not more than 1.5 mm. in thickness ; externally of a grayish-brown 
color ; with numerous, whitish lenticels ; showing a red color, if the 
outer bark be scratched with a knife ; internally being reddish-yellow 
or brownish colored. 



CX)RT. FJRA>5GUL. CORT. GRAXAT. 95 

When softened by soaking in lime water, the inner surface of Black \ 
Alder Bark assuoies a red color. 

When examined under the microscope, the cork-layer containing a 
red substance is seen ; the secondary bast contains medullary rays 
which are 1 — 3 rows of cells wide and 10—25 layers of cells high ; 
in the cortical strands, arc scattered broad bundles of long, colorless, 
sclerenchymatous fibres, which are accompanied by longitudinal rows 
of small cells containing single crystals ; and in the other parenchymat- 
ous tissues, clusters of the oxalate crystals are seen ; these bundles of 
.sclerenchymatous fibres make tangential rows at the internal boundary 
of the cortex, but is devoid of stone-cells. 

The solution, obtained by boiling the bark with water, has a 
yellowish-red or brownish color, a slimy, somewhat bitter and sweet 
taste, and acquires, with ferric chloride solution, a deep brown color- 
ation. 

CORTEX GRANATI. 

Pomegranate Bark. 

The dried bark stripped oiF from the stems, branch os and roots 
of Punica Granatuja Linn. 

In quills or transversely curved pieces, 1 — 3mm. in thickness; 
externally of a greenish-yellow or grayish-brown color ; with smooth 
and yellowish fracture ; frequently having a somewhat brown or gray 
color on its outer surface ; the outer bark consisting of cork-layers ; 
the inner walls of the cork-cells being conspicuously thickened, clearly 
stratified, and pitted ; the secondary bast having medullary rays of 
usually 1 row of cells and very rarely of 2 ; the cross-section of 
the cortical strands, consisting of quadratic cells, arranged in regular 
tangential rows, eacli cell containing a cluster of the oxalate crystals ; 
these rows of cells being placed alternate with transverse rows of 
parenchyma which contains sieve tubes, and particularly at the outer 
portion of the secondary bast are scattered, the thickened, scleren- 
chymatous cells of 0.02 — 0.20 mm. in diameter. 

If 1 part of finely cut Pomegranate Bark be left for an hour with 
100 parts of slightly acidified water, a yellow extract is obtained, ^* 
which acquires a blackish-blue color with 2 or 3 drops of ferric chloride 



96 CJORTEX GRANATI 



solution ', the same extract, when mixed with five times its volume 
of lime water, is rendered turbid and colored yellowish-red and 
finally blackens, depositing an orange-red, flooculent precipitate, as the 
time passes. 

The powdered bark should contain no other ingredients, except 

% round, single starch grains with a diameter of 0.00025 — 0.0008 mm., 

/ rarely compound starch grains, characteristic cork-cells, sclerenchymat- 

ous cells, cells containing single or clustered crystals of oxalate, par- 

encliymatous cells and sieve tubes. 

Mix 12 g. of the bark in medium powder, dried at 100^ C, 
with 125 ccm. of ether and 25 ocm. of chloroform, and shake strongly ; 
after adding to the mixture 10 ccm. of a mixture of 2 parts of sodium 
hydroxide solution and 1 part of water, and leaving for 3 hours with 
frequent strong shaking, let the powder collect together by adding 
10 ccm. or more of water and shaking strongly, and set aside for 
an hour ; filter 125 ccm. of tlie clear chloroform-ether solution into 
a separating-funnel, by means of a well-covered funnel which is 
furnished with a dry filter-paper ; add to the filtrate 50 ccm. of 
centinormal hydrochloric acid solution and shake ; separate the 
lower, clear, acid layer and filter it into a glass flask of 100 ccm. in 
capacity through a small filter-papar which is previously moistened 
with water ; add 10 ccm. of water, successively for 3 times, to 
the chloroform-ether solution and shake, the aqueous layer being 
separated and filtered, each time; through the same filter-paper 
which is finally washed with water, then mix the whole filtrates 
and washings, and dilute the mixture to 100 ccm. by adding water. 
Take 50 ccm. of the solution thus prepared into a colorless glass 
bottle of about 200 ccm. in capacity, add about 50 ccm. of water and 
pour in ether until the latter forms in the bottle a layer of about 
1 cm. in thickness, and after adding 5 drops of iodeosine solution, 
titrate by pouring centinormal potassium hydroxide solution, drop 
by drop, under strong shaking, then not more than 11 ccm. of the 
latter solution should be required, before a light red coloration is 
produced in the lower aqueous layer. 



OORT. MEZER.— CRESOL. CRUD. 97 



CORTEX MEZEREI. 
Mezereon Bark. 

The bark of Daphne Mezereum Linn., in form of long bands, 
1 — 3 cm. wide, usually made into bundles by folding up the inner 
sides out ; externally of a light brown and slightly red color ; smooth 
and lustrous; having, here and there, buds and brown leafngcars 
and numerous, minute, blackish lenticels ; internally yellowish-white 
and slightly lustrous. 

Mezereon Bark is very flexible, and its inner layer can be removed 
in form of long, minute fibres. 

It has an acrid and burning taste. 



CORTEX QUILLAI/€. 
Quillaia Bark. 

The dried bark of the stems and branches of Quillaia Saponaria 
Molina, deprived of the brown periderm ; 1 cm. in thickness ; when 
broken, scattering about a sternutatory powder ; with sharp and 
yellowish-white fractures ; when examined with a lens, prismatic crys- 
tals of calcium oxalate, 0.06— 3.20 mm. long, being visible singly in 
parenchymatous cells of the bark ; in a transverse section, are seen 
bundles of irregular sclerenchymatous fibres, horizontally connecting 
medullary rays, and colorless sclerenchymatous fibres singly scattered 
in the bark. 

The infusion, obtained by boiling Quillaia Bark with water, foams 
considerably on shaking, and has a slimy, acrid taste. 

CRESOLUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Cresoh 

A clear, yellowish to yellow-brown, neutral liquid, heavier than 
water ; having an empyreimiatic smell ; not completely soluble in 
water, but easily soluble in alcohol, and in ether. 



98 CRESOL. CRUD. CROC. 

If 10 ccm. of Crude Cresol be shaken in a glassnstoppered, graduated 
cylinder of 200 ccm. in capacity, together with 50 ocm. each, of sodium 
liydroxide solution and of water, not more than a little, flocculent sub- 
stance should be deposited after standing for a long while ; on adding 
30 ccm. of hydrochloric acid and 10 g. of sodium chloride to the above 
solution and shaking, an oily layer of cresol consisting of 8.5 — 9.0 ocm., 
should be separated after standing, and 0.5 ccm. of the cresol here 
separated, when shaken with 300 ccm. of water and mixed with 2.5 ccm. 
of ferric chloride solution, should produce a bluish-violet coloration. 



CRETA PRyCPARATA. 

Prepared Chalk. 

A powdered chalk, freed from its impurities by elutriation, and 
dried. 

A very fine, white, amorphous powder, or easily pulverisable masses, 
odorless and tasteless; insoluble in water, and in alcohol. 

Prepared Chalk is almost completely dissolved with effervescence in 
acetic acid, and the resulting solution yields a white precipitate with 
ammonium oxalate solution. 

Its dilute acetic acid solution (1 : 20) should not ba rendered turbid 
with a solution either of calcium sulphate, or of barium chloride, and 
should acquire, with a solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no more 
tlian a slightly blue coloration ; the same solution, after being pre- 
cipitated completely with ammonium oxalate solution and filtered, 
gives a filtrate which should not be rendered decidedly turbid by 
adding both a sodium phosphate solution and ammonia water. 



CROCUS. 

Saffron. 

The dried red stigma of Crocus sativ^is Linn. 

If softened by soaking in water, each stigmatic lobe appears as a 
tube, narrowing towards its lower end; 30—35 mm. long; open at 
one side and notched at the apex ; a narrow vascular bundle ascending 



CROC. CUPR. ALUM. LAP. DIVIN. 99 

from the base and dichotomously branchiag repeatedly, terminates, 
in the upper broad portion, into about 20 vascular bundles. 

If 1 part of Saffron be shaken with 100,000 parts of water, a J 
decidedly pure yellow coloration is produced. \ 

When dried at 100° C, it loses not more than 15 per cent, of its 
weight ; if dried saffron be incinerated, no explosion takes place, and 
not more thaiTT-S" per cent, of solid residue sliould be left behind. 

It should have a strong odor and an aromatic, bitter taste. 

Keep well closed, protected from light. 



CUBEByC. 
Cabebs. 

The dried, full-grown, unripe fruit of Piper Cuheha Linn. fil. 

Nearly globular ; not above 5 mm. in diameter ; externally dark 
brown in color and marked with wrinkles; its top provided with 
3—5 stigmatic lobes; its base terminating in a pedicel, 4— 10mm. 
long and not bigger than 1 mm. in diameter. The fracture of the 
pericarp shows a hard and somewhat light colored internal layer, 
which consists of 2 or 3 rows of sclerenchymatous cells, with more 
or less thickened wall, and elongated slightly in radial direction* 
The middle layer of the pericarp contains secretory cells, but no 
sclerenchymatous cells. Just beneath the epidermis, are seen 1 or 2 
layers of sclerenchymatous cells, and a somewhat developed seed is 
attached to the bottom of the pericarp. 

It has an aromatic, bitter odor and taste. 

A drop of sulphuric acid, placed on a piece of it, decidedly assumes 
a red coloration. 



CUPRUM ALUMINATUM LAPIS DIVINUS. 

Copper Alum. 

Pulverise 
Copper sulphate 10 i^te. 



100 CUPR. AI.UM. LAP. DH'^ESr. DECXKJT. 

Potassium nitrate 10 pt*- 

Alum 10 pfe. 

mix them in a porcelain dish ; heat on a sand-bath until the mixture 
melts ; add to it 

Purified camphor powder 1 j^> 

decant into another porcelain dish, or pour into a mould so as to 
give to it the shape of a small rod. 

Homogeneous, light greenish-blue, dry masses or small rods, having 
the odor of camphor ; soluble in 16 parts of water, leaving a little 
residue. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 



CUPRUM SULFURICUM. 

Copper Sulphate. 
CuS04+5HsO= 249.76 

Transparent, blue crystalls, slowly efflorescent in dry air ; soluble 
in 3.5 parts of water, and in 1 part of boiling water, showing an 
acid reaction, but insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Copper Sulphate produces, with barium 
nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in hydrochloric acid, 
and w^ith an excess of ammonia water, a clear, deep blue liquid. 

If an excess of hydrogen sulphide solution be added to the aqueous 
solution of 0.5 g. of the salt, and the black precipitate produced 
be filtered off, the resulting colorless filtrate is neither colored with 
ammonia water, nor should it leave when evaporated and ignited, any 
weighable solid residue. 

Keep with care. 

DECOCTA. 

Decoctions. 

In order to prepare decoctions, cut, if necessary, the materials to 
be used in fine pieces, and pouring water on them heat on a water-bath 
for 30 minutes with occasional shaking, and express while it is still 
warm. 



DECOCT. DIMETHYLAMIDOANTIPYR. 101 

In cases when the quantity of the drugs to be used, is not specified 
in the prescription, such quantities are taken, that 10 parts of the 
expressed liquid are obtained for every 1 part of the material em- 
ployed. 

In cases of powerful drugs, physicians should always prescribe 
the quantities to be used, and in cases when much slimy substances 
are contained, apothecaries may fix their quantities. 



DIASTASA. 

Diastase. 

A yellowish-white powder, partly soluble with turbidity in water, 
and almost insoluble in alcohol. 

If 0.1 g. of Diastase be mixed with the starch solution, which is 
prepared by pouring 70 ccm. of boiling distilled water, under frequent 
shaking, into a mixture of 6 g. of potato-starch dried at 100° C. and 
30 ccm. of water, and leaving the whole for 30 minutes on a water- 
batli, and the mixture be set aside at 50° C. for 6 hours with frequent 
stirring, then 10 ccm. of the resulting solution should decolorise 50 ccm. 
of Fehling's solution. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



DEMETHYLAMIDOANTIPYRINUM. 

Dimethylamidoantipyrine. 
Ci,H,7N30-= 231.29 

Fine, white crystals, having a slightly bitter taste ; readily soluble 
in alcohol, ether, and in about 20 parts of water. Melting point : 
108° C. 

A saturated, aqueous solution of Dimethylamidoantipyrine acquires 
a yellowish-brown coloration on adding a little ferric chloride solu- 
tion which, when added in a larger quantity, produces a bluish-violet 
coloration, afterward changing to dark red. 



102 DMETH.-AMm.-ANTYPYR. ELECT. SEN. OOMP. 

It acquires a beautiful bluish-violet color with a solution of iodine, 
and a blue color with fuming nitric acid. 

It should produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

On heating strongly, it should be consumed without leaving any 
solid residue. 

Keep with care. 

EL^EOSACCHARA. 

Oil Sugar. 
Mix 

Prescribed volatile oil 1 pt- 

Sugar, in uiediutn powder 50 ;><<. 

. Prepare it freshly when wanted. 

ELECTUARIUM SENN>E COMPOSITUM. 

Lenitive Electuary. 
Take 

Tamarind 10 p/«. 

pour on it 

Distilled water 40 i>f«. 

warm and shake for about 2 hours until a homogeneous mass is ob- 
tained ; sift into a previously weighed porcelain disli ; add to it 

Licorice extract Ip. 

White sugar 55 j)/«. 

Distilled water 35 p<<. 

warm on a water-batli, thereby completely dissolving the licorice 
extract and sugar ; add a thoroughly triturated mixture of 

Senna leaves, in fine powder ^ fu. 

Orange peel, in fine powder s pts. 

Fennel fruit, in fine powder i pi. 

Precipitated sulphur 35 pts. 

Potassium bicarbonate, in fine powder 10 j^. 

evaporate the mixture with stirring on a water-bath until the whole 
becomes 135 parts ; mix with it 

Syrup of orange peel 35 1>'^. 



EIJEXTT. SEN. COMP. EMPLAfiT. AD. ANGLI. 103 

add a suitable quantity of white sugar which is burut and made 
dark brown ; thoroughly mix the whole until a brownish, homogeneous^ 
soft mass is obtained. 

Keep in a dry and cool place. 



EMPLASTRA. 

Plaster. 

Unless a special prescription is given, melt the difficultly melting 
substance at first, then add to it, that which melts easier ; thoroughly 
mix the medicine with the melted mass partially cooled ; and after 
the whole has become homogeneous, give a suitable form to it. 

Plaster is a solid mass at ordinary temperatures, becomes plastic 
at the temperature of human body, and melts when warmed. 

Keep in a cool, dry place, packed with sheaths or with opaque 
paper, and further put in a tinned-iron vessel, if it contains any 
volatile medicine. 



EMPLASTRUM ADH^ESIVUM ANGUCUM. 

Court Plaster. 
Dissolve 

TgJTlglftflB 10 p<. 

in so much hot water as to get 120 parts of the strained liquid ; 
take 60 parts of the solution and paint a stretched, white silk cloth, 
several times with it, drying it every time ; gradually mix the 
remaining 60 parts of the solution witli 

Alcohol 40 pis. 

Glycerin 1 !>'• 

paint the above silk cloth with the mixed solution in the same way 
as before ; lastly paint the back of the same silk cloth witli the tinc- 
ture of benzoin, and dry it well. 

Court Plaster should be lustrous, and stick well to the skin when 
moistened. 

Keep in a dry place. 



104 EMPLAST. CANTHARID. EMPLAST. LITHARG. 

EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDUM. 

Cantharides Plaster. 
Mix 

Cantharidesi in niedlutn powder 2 pts. 

Olive oil 1 pt. 

digest the mixture by heating on a water-bath for 2 hours ; add to it 

Yellow wax 4 pis. 

Terpentine 1 pt- 

stir the mixture till it cools. 

Cantharides Plaster should have a grayish-brown color and a some- 
what soft consistency. 



EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. 

Mercury Plaster. 

Thoroughly tritrate 

Mercury 30 pts. 

Anhydrous lanolin 15 p^ 

add the whole to a melted and partially cooled mixture of 

Yellow wax 15 pis. 

Lead plEuster 90 pfo. 

and make the whole mass homogeneous. 

Mercury Plaster is gray-colored ; no globules of mercury should be 
visible in it by the naked eye. 



EMPLASTRUM LITHARGYRI. 

Lead Plaster. 

Take 

Olive oil 5 p/«- 

Hog's lard 5 pif- 

Distilled water 1 p(. 

Lead oxide^ in fine powder 5 pis. 

first add distilled water to lead oxide and make a brew ; add to it 



EMPLAST. LTTHARG. EMPLAST. RESIN. 1 05 

the mixture of olive oil and hog's lard ; heat the whole under con- 
stant stirring ; boil it, with frequent additions of a little water, until 
a plaster mass is formed ; immediately add warm water in order 
to remove glycerin by frequent kneading ; then remove water from 
it on a water-bath. 

Lead Plaster is yellowish-white ; it should contain no free lead 
oxide. 



EMPLASTRUM LYTHARGYRI COMPOSITUM. 

Compound Lead Plaster. 
Melt 

Lead plaster 24 pts. 

Yellow wax 3 pt*. 

by a gentle heat ; to the melted and partially cooled mass add 

Ammoniacum 2 pts, 

Galbanum . • 2 pts. 

Terpentine 2 pts. 

which are melted together with a little water on a water-bath and 

strained previously. 
Compound Lead Plaster is yellowish, tenacious and homogeneous, 

and gradually acquires a dark color on keeping. 



EMPLASTRUM RESIN^E. 

Resin Plaster. 
Take 

Lead plaster SO pts. 

Resin 14 i>te. 

Yellow wax 6 pts. 

at first mix lead plaster and yellow wax ; melt them together and add 
resin to the melted mixture. 
Sesin Plaster is yellowish in color. 



106 EMPLAST. SAPO. EXTRACT. 



EMPLASTRUM SAPONATUM. 

Soap Plaster. 

Take 

Lead plaster 10 pis. 

Yellow wax . . 10 pts. 

melt them togetlier by heating ; add to the melted and partially 

cooled mass^ under stirring, a mixture of 

Medical soap, in mediuni j}ou:(lev 5 pt^. 

Olive oil I pt?. 

Purified camphor 1 pfo. 

Soap Plaster is yellowish in color. 



EMPLASTRUM SCOPOLI^E. 

Scopolia Plaster. 
Melt 

Resin plaster 90 pis. 

on a water-bath, and carefully mix with it 

Extract of scopolia 10 pis- 

Scopolia Plaster has a brown color. 

EXTRACTA. 

Extracts. 

Tlie drugs, which serve for the preparation of extracts, should be 
shaken frequently while they are being extracted. 

The extracts, after being filtered, should be evaporated with constant 
stirring on a water-bath until they get a suitable consistency. 

The aqueous and alcoholic extracts should be evaporated at a 
temperature not above 85° C, and the ethereal extracts at a temperature 
not above 35° C. 

At the end of evaporation, the alcoholic extracts should be brought 
to a suitable consistency, by adding a little fresh alcohol and stirring. 



EXTRACT. EXTRACT. FLUID. 107 

The extracts arc divided into the following 3 classes according to 
their consistency : — 

(1) OOhin extracts: Those which have the consistency of a 
fresh honey. 

(2) Thick extracts: Those which become stringy after cool- 
ingy though not decantable. 

(3) Dry extracts : Those which are capable of being ground. 
In order to prepare dry extracts^ they are evaporated in a porcelain 

dish till it becomes sufficiently tenacious and capable of being ground 
after coolings then taken out of the dish, while still warm, by means 
of a spatula, drawn out in form of threads, dried on a glass plate at 
40— 50^C., and are put, after grinding, into a previously warmed 
vessel. 

The narcotic, dry extracts may be prepared from thick extracts, 
according to the following receipt: — 

In a porcelain dish, mix 4 parts of the thick extracts with 3 parts 
of licorice root in fine powder ; dry the mixture on a water-bath 
till no more weight is lost, and triturate it, while still warm, with 
a fresh addition of finely powdered licorice root so as to make the 
whole to 8 parts. 

The narcotic extracts may be kept as solutions, by mixing 10 parts 
of them with 6 parts of water, 1 part of alcohol, and 3 parts of glycerin. 

The extracts should have the taste, and odor of the drugs ased for 
tlieir preparation. 

If 2 g. of the extracts be incinerated, and the residue dissolved 
by heating in 5 ccm. of dilute hydrochloric acid and be filtered, the 
resulting filtrate should produce no change with hydrogen sulphide 
solution. 

Keep in glass or porcelain vessels, well-closed, in. a cool and dry 
place. 

EXTRACTA FLUIDA. 

Fluid Extracts. 

In preparing the fluid extracts, the weights of the resulting extracts 
should be made exactly equal to those of the powdered drugs used 
for their preparation. 



108 EXTKACT. FLUID. EXTR. AOONI. NAPKL. 

The Fluid Extracts are prepared according to the following receipt, 
using that particular menstruum mentioned under the head of each 
fluid extract. 

Sprinkle the menstruum on 100 parts of the powdered drug, thor- 
oughly mix them together and cover the vessel ; when the drug ceases 
to take up any more liquid, firmly pack the mixture in a suitable per- 
colator, after leaving it aside for 2 or 3 hours ; press strongly to make 
the empty space as little as possible, and add more of the menstruum ; 
when it begins to drop off from the lower orifice of the percolator, 
and the surface of the drug is still covered with it, close the lower 
orifice and cover the upper one ; after letting it stand at 15° — 20° C. 
for 24 hours, open the lower orifice and let the liquid drop off with 
a flowing velocity, not allowing more than 40 drops per minute. 

Keep 85 parts of the percolated liquid, which is obtained at first, 
separated as No. 1. The percolated liquid No. 2., obtained by the 
complete extraction of the drug, by repeatedly adding the menstruum 
into the percolator, should be evaporated directly, and made to a 
thin extract, or done so after distilling off the alcohol ; but the tempera- 
ture during evaporation, should be restricted so as to lose the volatile 
constituents of the drug, as little as possible. The thin extract thiis 
obtained, is mixed with the percolated liquid No. 1. which has been 
previously obtained, and more of the menstruum is added to that 
mixture, so that exactly 100 parts of the fluid extract are formed. 

The fluid extracts, which are prepared by the above method, after 
being left aside for 1 or 2 days, are filtered if necessary ; they should 
have the taste, and odor of the part of the plant, used for their 
preparation. 

If 2 g. of the fluid extracts be incinerated, and the residue warmed 
with 5 ccm. of dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered, the resulting 
filtrate should produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI NAPELLI. 

Extract of Aconite. 

Take 

Aconite root, in viedimn jwwder 10 P^ 

pour on it 

Alcoliol 25 pi8' 



EXTR. AOOXI. KAPEL. EXTR. CANNA. INriC. 1 09 

extract by heating it for 2 days ; express ; on the residue pour 

, Alcohol 30 pts. 

express ; put together the expressed liquids and evaporate to a some- 
what hard, thick extract. 

Extract of Aconite has a brown color, and is clearly soluble in 
alcohol. 

Keep with special care. 

EXTRACTUM ALOES. 

Extract of Aloes. 

Take 

Aloes 1 pt. 

dissolve it in 

Boiling water 5 pts. 

freslily add to it 

Water 5 pts. 

let the mixture stand for 2 days ; after the resinous ingredient has 
separated, decant the upper liquid and evaporate it till a dry extract 
is obtained. 

Extract of Aloes has a yellowish-brown color, and is almost clearly 
soluble in water. 

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDIC^E. 
Extract of Indian Hemp. 

Take 

Indian hemp, m» coarse powder ipt, 

pour on it 

Alcohol 5 pis. 

extract fcr 6 days in the cold ; express ; on the residue pour 

Alcohol 5 pts, 

extract again for 3 days in the cold ; express ; mix the expressed 
liquids; iSlter and evaporate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Indian Hemp has a blackish-green color, and is clearly 
soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in water. 
Keep with care. 



110 EXTR. CARD. BENEDIC. EXTR. CASCA. SAGRAD. FLUID. 



EXTRACTUM CARDUI BENEDICTI. 

Extract of Blessed Thistle. 

Take 

Blessed thistle^ in medium powder 1 p^- 

pour on it 

Boiling water 5 P^- 

extract by warming it, with frequent shaking, for 6 hours ; express ; 
on the residue pour 

Boiling water 3 pt.^ 

extract again by warming it for 3 hours ; express ; collect the 
expressed liquids ; evaporate till the whole becomes 2 parts ; after 
cooling, add 

Alcoliol •••.• .••••lj>'- 

set aside for 2 days in a cool place ; filter and evaporate till a thick 
extract is obtained. 

Extract of Blessed thistle has a brown color, and is almost clearly 
soluble in water. 



EXTRACTUM CASCAR^E SAGRAD^E FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada. 

Take 

Cascara sagrada, in medinm powtler 100 j^s- 

follow the receipt described under Extracta Fluida^ using, as tlie 
menstruum, a mixture consisting of 

Alcohol lp<- 

Distilled water 1 pi- 

Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada is a clear, dark brownish-red 
liquid. 

It is rendered turbid by mixing a large quantity of water with it, 
and the clear liquid, obtained by filtering the mixture, acquires a 
reddish-brown coloration on adding ammonia water. 



EXTRACT. CASCARIL. EXTRACT. CHINA. Ill 

EXTR ACTUM CASCARILL/E. 

Extract of Cascarilla. 
Take 

Cascarilla bark, in coarse powder 1 j}'. 

pour on it 

Boiling water 5 pts, 

set aside for 24 hours ; express ; to the residue pour 

Boiling water 3 j><«. 

set aside again for 24 hours ; express ; put together the expressed 
liquids ; evaporate till the whole becomes 2 parts ; set aside in a cool 
place ; after it has subsided^ decant the upper liquid and evaporate 
till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Cascarilla has a dark brown color, and is soluble with 
turbidity in water. 

EXTRACTUM CHIN>E. 

Extract of Cinchona. 
Take 

Cinchona bark, in coarse powder 1 pi, 

pour on it 

Dilate alcohol 5 pt^* 

extract it for 6 days in the cold ; express ; to the residue pour again 

Dilute alcohol 5 pts. 

extract it again for 3 days in the cold ; express ; put together the 
expressed liquids ; after leaving aside for 2 days, filter and evaporate 
till a dry extract is obtained. 

Extract of Cinchona has a reddish-brown color, and is soluble with 
turbidity in water. 

Dissolve 2 g. of the extract in a mixture of 5 ccm. of water and 6 
ccm. of absolute alcohol, in a glass-flask ] strongly shake the solution 
with a mixtqre of 70 ccm. of ether and 14 ccm. of chloroform ; add 
10 ccm. of the solution (1 : 3) of sodium carbonate, and leave aside for 
an hour with occasional shaking ; filter 60 ccm. of the clear chloroform- 
ether solution into a small glass flask, through a well-covered funnel 



112 EXTRACT. CHIN'A. EXTRACT. CHINA. FLUID. 

which is furnished with a dry filter-paper ; distill the filtrate till it 
becomes about one-half of the orginal bulk ; put the remaining chloro- 
form-ether solution into a separating-funnel ; wash the small glass fiask, 
successively for 3 times, each with 5 ccm. of the mixture of 6 ccm. 
of ether and 1 ccm. of chloroform ; add the washings to the solution 
in the separating-funnel ; shake the mixture strongly witl^ 10 ccm. of 
decinormal hydrochloric acid solution, if necessarj', with the addition 
of a suitable quantity of ether ; on the separation of the chloroform- 
ether layer, filter the lower, clear, acid liquid into a colorless glass 
flask of 100 ccm. in capacity, through a small filter-paper previously 
moistened with water ; shake the chlorofi>rm-ether solution, succes- 
sively for 3 times, each with 10 ccm. of water, the aqueous layer 
being separated and filtered, each time, through the same filter which 
is finally washed, and then mix the whole filtrates and washings, 
and dilute the mixture by adding water till it becomes 100 ccm. If 
50 ccm. of the solution thus prepared, after being mixed with 1 ccm. 
of alcohol, in which a small piece of htematoxylin has been freshly 
dissolved, be titrated with decinormal potassium hydroxide solution 
and the yellowish liquid strongly agitated, then not more than 2.3 ccm. 
of potassium hydroxide solution should be required for the immediate 
development of a bluish-violet coloration. If 5 ccm. of the solution 
remaining in the glass flask be mixed with 1 ccm. of chlorine water, 
it should acquire a beautiful green coloration on adding ammonia 
water. 

EXTRACTUM CHIN>E FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Cinchona. 
Take 

CinchoDA bark, in coarse potvdet* 100 p<«. 

prepare according to the receipt described under Extixicta Fluida^ 
by taking a suitable quantity of the first menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 16 p'«. 

distilled water If^- 

Olycerin 4;)^. 

and also a suitable quantity of the second menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 4 pfj. 

Distilled water 1 pt. 



EXTRACT. CHINA. FLUID. EXTRACT. COLOM. 113 

Fluid Extract of Cincliona is a reddish dark brown liquid, with a 
very bitter and astringent taste. 



^ EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS. 

Extract of Colocynth. 

Take 

Colocynth fruit, coame cut 2 !>«». 

pour on it 

Dilute alcohol • . . . . 45 ;><«. 

extract it for 6 days in the cold ; express ; on the residue pour 

Alcohol 15 pfo. 

Water 15jpto. 

extract it again for 3 days in the cold ) express ; collect the expressed 
liquids; filter and evaporate till a dry extract is obtained. 

Extract of Colocynth has a yellowish-brown color and a very bitter 
taste, and is soluble with turbidity in water. 
Keep with care. 



EXTRACTUM COLOMBO. 

Extract of Columba. 

Take 

Columba root, in coarse powder 1 pt. 

Pour on it 

Alcohol ' 2 pu- 

Water ^ 2 pta. 

extract it for 3 days in the cold ; express ; on the residue pour 

Alcohol . . • 1 pi. 

Water Ipt. 

extract it again for 2 days in the cold ; express ; put togetlier the 

expressed liquids; filter and evaporate till a dry extract is obtained. 
Extract of Columba has a brown color, and is soluble with turbidity 

in water. 



114 EXTR. OONDURAN. FLUID. EXTRACT. OOPTI. 



EXTRACTUM CONDURANGO FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Condurango. . 

Take 

Condurango bark^ in inedium powder 100 pit. 

prepare according to the receipt described under Extracta Flnida, 
by moistening the bark with the first menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 15 pii. 

Distilled water 2& pt9. 

Glycerin 10 p'*. 

and then taking a suitable quantity of the second menstruum con- 
sisting of 

Alcohol 1 pt- 

Distilled water 3 pi»^ 

Fluid Extract of Condurango is a brown liquid. 

If it be mixed with 4 times its volume of watc»r and filtered, the 
resulting clear filtrate is rendered turbid on heating, and becomes 
clear again on cooling. 

If 1 ccm. of the extract be diluted with 4ccni. of water, the 
resulting turbid liquid boiled, and after cooling, left aside for 30 
minutes and be filtered, then 2 ccm. of the filtrate, after being diluted 
with 8 ccm. of water, should produce a flocculent precipitate with a 
solution of tannic acid. 



EXTRACTUM COPTIDIS. 

Extract of Coptis Root. 

Prepare with coarsely powdered coptis root, in the same way as 
Extractum Colombo. 

Extract of Coptis Root has a brown color, and is soluble with tur- 
bidity in water. 



EXTRACT. CUBEB. EXTR. FER. POM AT. 115 

EXTRACTUM CUBEBARUM. 

Extract of Cubeb. 
Take 

Ciibeb^ in ctnirse powder 2 pts. 

pour on it 

Aloohol 3 !>>& 

Ether 3 pts. 

extract it in the cold, with frequent shaking for 3 days ; express ; 
on the residue pour 

Alcohol 2 pts. 

Ether 2 i>t«. 

extract it again for 3 days in the cold ; express ; collect the expressed 
liquids ; filter and evaporate till a thin extract is obtained. 

Extract of Cubeb has a brown color, and is insoluble in water. 
Shake it before using. 



EXTRACTUM FERRI POMATI. 

Extract of Iron Malate. 'y 

Take 

Sour ripe apples 50 pts, 

crush them, and to the liquid obtained by pressing out the brew 
thereby obtained, add 

Iron 1 pt. 

immediately heat it on a water-bath ; after the evolution of the gas 
has ceased, add water and make the whole to 50 parts ; set aside for 
several days ; filter and evaporate the filtrate till a thick extract 
is obtained. 

Extract of Iron Malate has a greenish-black color and a somewhat 
astringent and sweet, but not penetrating taste ; it is clearly soluble 
in water. 

It contains not less than 5 per cent, of pure iron (Fe=56). 

If 1 g. of the extract be incinerated in a porcelain crucible, moistened 
several times with 1 or 2 drops of nitric acid and evaporated, the re- 



116 EXTK. FER. POMAT. EXTRACT. GEKTI. 

sidue ignited, and dissolved by warming in 5 com. of hydrochloric 
acid, the resulting solution diluted with 20 ccm. of water and cooled, 
2 g. of potassium iodide added, and set aside well closed, at ordinary 
temperatures for an hour, then in order to decolorise the solution 
thus obtained, at least 9 ccm. of deciiiormal sodium thiosulphate so- 
lution should be required. 



EXTRACTUM FILICIS. 

Extract of Male Fern. 

Take 

Male Fern, in coarse poivder 1 pt. 

pour on it 

Ether 3 jj/«. 

extract it in a closed vessel for 3 days in tlie cold ; pour off the upper 
liquid ; on the residue pour 

Ether 2 pt^. 

extract it again for 3 days in the same way as before ; express ; mix 
the resulting 2 liquids ; jSlter and completely distill the ether off 
till a thin extract is obtained. 

Extract of Male Fern has a greenish color, and is clearly soluble 
in ether, but insoluble in water. 

The stirred up extract, when diluted with glycerin and examined 
under the microscope, should show no starch grains. 

Shake it before using. , 



EXTRACTUM GENTIAN^E. 

Extract of Gentian. 

Take 

Gentian Root, in coarse powder \ pi, 

pour on it 

Water 5pfe. 

extract it in the cold for 48 hours; express; on the residue pour 

Water 3 pfe. 



EXTRACT. GENTI. EXTR. HAMAMEL. FLUID. 117 

extract it again in the cold for 12 hours ; express ; oollect the 
expressed liquids and evaporate till the whole becomes 3 parts ; after 
cooling, add 

Alcohol IptS' 

leave aside for 2 days in a cool place ; filter and evaporate till a 
thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Gentian has a reddish-brown color, and is clearly soluble 
in water. 

It may be used as a substitute for Extractum Gentiance Scabrce. 



EXTRACTUM GENTIAN/E SCABR/E. 

Extract of Japanese Gentian {Ryutan). 

Prepare with coarsely cut pieces of Japanese gentian root, in the 
same way as in the case of Extractum Gentiance. 

Extract of Japanese Gentian has a reddish-brown color, and is 
clearly soluble in water. 

It may be used as a substitute for Extractum GeiMance, 



EXTRACTUM HAMAMELIDIS FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Hamamelis. 
Take 

Hamamelis Leaves, in coarse powder 100 pi»- 

prepare according to the receipt described under Extracta Fluida, 
by using a suitable quantity of the first menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 5 pts. 

Distilled Water S pts, 

Qlycerin 1 pt, 

and then a suitable quantity of the second menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 5 pts. 

Distilled water 8 pts. 

Fluid Extract of Hamamelis is a reddish dark brown liquid, 
having an astringent taste.- 



118 EXTRACT. HYDRAJST. FLUID. 



EXTRACTUM HYDRASTIS FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Hydrastis. 

Take 

Hydrastis, in tnetUum powdei* 100 pt^ 

prepare according to the receipt described under Extracta Fluiday 

by using a suitable quantity of the menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 7 i>fe. 

Distilled water ... - Z pu. 

Fluid Extract of Hydrastis is a dark brown liquid. 

If 3 drops of the extract be diluted with 10 ccm. of water, the 
solution acquires a red coloration with chlorine water. 

If 1 part of the extract be diluted with 10 parts of water and 
filtered, 5 ccm. of the clear filtrate becomes slightly turbid with 1 ccm. 
of dilute nitric acid, and deposits yellow crystals after a few minutes. 

Take 15 g. of the extract in a porcelain dish previously weighed, 
evaporate down to about 5 g. on a water-bath, transfer the residue into 
a glass bottle, wash the dish with about 10 ccm. of water and mix 
the washings with the main portion ; to the resulting solution add 
15 ccm. of petroleum benzin, 75 ccm. of ether and 5 ccm. of ammonia 
water, and set aside the mixture with frequent shaking for an hour. 
Take 75 ccm. of the upper ethereal solution, filter it through a dry 
filter-paper placed in a well-covered funnel, into a separating-funnel, 
and shake thoroughly, for a few minutes, with 10 ccm. of a mixture 
of 1 part of hydrochloric acid and 4 parts of water. On separation 
of the clear acid liquid, introduce it into a glass bottle, shake up the 
remaining ethereal solution twice, each time, with 5 ccm. of water 
acidified with a few drops of hydrochloric acid, and mix the separated 
acid liquids with that in the glass bottle. Oversaturate the mixed 
solution with ammonia water, add 50 ccm. of ether and allow the 
mixture to stand for an hour with frequent shaking. Take 40 ccm. 
of the upper ethereal solution, filter it through a dry filter-paper 
into a dry glass bottle previously weighed, and distil off the ether, 
then the residue, after drying at 100® C. and cooling, should be 
not less than 0.2 g. If this residue be dissolved in 10 ccm. of 
water containing a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid, and sliaken 



EXTR. HYDRAST. FLUID. EXTRACT. HYOS. 119 



with 5 ccni. of potassium permanganate solution till the latter is 
decolorised, a solution having a blue fluorescence should be obtained. 



EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI. 

.Extract of Hyoscyamus. 

Take 

Fresh Hyoscyamus Leaves 20 pts. 

pour on them 

Water 1 p<. 

triturate; express; on the residue pour again 

Water 3 pts. 

triturate ; express ; collect the expressed liquids and strain at 80° C; 
evaporate the strained liquid till the whole becomes 2 parts ; add 

Alcohol 2 ptA, 

set aside for 24 hours with frequent shaking ; strain ; on the residue 
pour 

Dilate Alcohol Ipt- 

and extract it by heating, with frequent shaking ; allow to settle and 
decant the upper clear liquid ; collect the strained liquids ; filter and 
evaporate the filtrate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Hyoscyamus has a greenish-brown color, and is soluble 
with turbidity in w^ater. 

If 1 g. of the extract be dissolved in 40 ccm. of a mixture of equal 
parts of water and alcohol, an almost clear solution should be obtained. 

Dissolve 2 g. of the extract in a mixture of 5 ccm. of water and 
6 ccm. of absolute alcohol in a glass bottle, shake the resulting solution 
with a mixture of 70 ccm. of ether and 14 ccm. of chloroform, add 
10 ecra. of sodium carbonate solution (1 : 3) and set aside the mixture 
for a hour, with occasional shaking. Take 60 ccm. of the clear ether- 
chloroform solution, filter through a dry filter-paper placed in a 
well-covered funnel into a small glass flask, distil the solution till 
it becomes about one-half of its original bulk, introduce the remain- 
ing ether-chloroform solution into a separating-funnel, wash the flask 
thrice, each time, with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether and 
1 ccm. of chloroform, add the washings to the main solution in the 



120 EXTKACT. HYOS. EXTRACT. OPI. 

fieparating-funnel, and thoroughly shake up the mixed liquids with 
10 ccm. of oentinormal hydrochloric acid solution, adding, if necessary, 
a suitable quantity of ether. After the complete separation of the 
ether-chloroform solution, filter the lower, clear, acid liquid through 
a small filter-paper moistened with water, into a colorless glass bottle 
of about 200 ccm. in capacity, shake up the ether-chloroform solution 
thrice, each time, with 10 ccm. of water, filter the aqueous solution 
by the previous filter-paper which is finally washed with water ; mix 
all the filtrates and washings and dilute the mixture to about 100 ccm. 
by adding water, pour ether on it till the ethereal layer in the bottle 
measures about 1 cm. high, and aft;er adding 5 drops of iodo-eosine 
solution, drop in oentinormal potassium hydroxide solution with strong 
agitation, then not more than 6.5 ccm. of the latter solution should 
be required before the lower aqueous layer acquires a pale red color. 
Keep with care. 



EXTRACTUM LIQUIRITI/E. 

Extract of Licorice. 

Prepare with licorice, root which is cut in pieces, in the same 
way as in the case of Extractum Gentiance. 

Extract of Licorice has a brown color, and is clearly soluble in 
water. 

EXTRACTUM OPII. 

Extract of Opium. 

Take 

Opium . . • 1 pi. 

pour on it 

Distilled Water 4 pu, 

extract it in the cold for 24 hours ; express ; on the residue pour 

Distilled Water 3 pu, 

extract it again in the cold for 24 hours ; express ', collect the expressed 



EXTKACT. OPI. EXTRACT. PHYTOLAC 121 

liquids ; after waiting to settle, filter and evaporate the filtrate a till 
dry extract is obtained. 

Extract of Opium has a reddish-brown color, and is soluble with 
turbidity in water. 

If 6 g. of the extract be treated according to the method described 
under Opiunij 0.40-0.44 g. of morphine should be obtained, the re- 
actions and tests of which should conform with those given under 
Opium, 

Keep with care. 



EXTRACTUM PHYSOSTIGMATIS. 
Extract of Calabar Bean. 

Take 

Calabar Bean, in coarse potv€ler 10 pis. 

pour on it 

Alcohol 24 pt8. 

Water 16 pts. 

extract it by heating for 3 days ; express ; on the residue pour 

Alcohol 24 pta. 

Water 16 pts. 

extract it by heating for a day ; express ; collect the expressed liquids ; 
filter and evaporate the filtrate till it is reduced to one-third of the 
original bulk ; set aside in a cool place to settle ; filter again and 
evaporate the filtrate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Calabar Bean has a brown color, and is soluble with 
turbidity in water. 
Keep with special care. 



EXTRACTUM PHYTOLACC/E. 

Extract of Phytolacca. 
Take 

Phytolacca Rooti in coarse j}ow(ler 10 pis. 

pour on it 

Dilute Alcohol 20 pts. 



1 22 EXTRACT. PH YTOLAC. EXTRACT. KATAX. 



extract it by heating for 3 days ; express ; on the residue pour 

Dilute Alcohol 15 i>/«. 

extract it by heating for a day ; express ; collect the expressed liquids ; 
filter and evaporate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Phytolacca has a brown color and a bitter taste, and is 
clearly soluble in dilute alcohol, but with turbidity in water. 

Keep with care. 



EXTR ACTUM QUASSI/E. 

Extract of Quassia. 

Take 

Quassia Wood, coarse ctit IQ j^b. 

pour on it 

Water 12 pte. 

extract it for a day in the cold ; boil for an hour ; express ; on the 
residue pour 

Water Vlpu. 

and boil ; express ; collect the expressed liquids ; strain and evaporate 
till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Quassia has a brown color, and is soluble with turbidity 
in water. 



EXTRACTUM RATANHI/€. 

Extract of Ratanbia. 

Take * 

Ratanhia Root, in coarse poivtler 1 y /. 

pour on it 

Water a suitable quantity. 

extract it several times in the cold ; finally boil for once ; strain ; collect 
the strained liquids and evaporate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Ratanhia has a brownish-black color, and is soluble with 
turbidity in water. 



EXTRACT. RHEI EXTRACTT. SCOPOLI. 1 23 



EXTRACTUM RHEI. 

Extract of Rhubarb. 

Take 

Rhubarb Root, coarse cttt 2 pt«. 

pour on it 

Aicobol 4 pfo. 

Water 6 pts. 

extract it in the cold for 24 hours ; express ; on the residue pour 

Alcohol 2 pt8. 

Water 3 pt9. 

extract it again in the cold for 24 Jiours ; express ; collect the expressed 
liquids; filter and evaporate till a dry extract is obtained. 

Extract of Rhubarb has a brown color, and is soluble witli tur- 
bidity in water. 



EXTRACTUM SCOPOLI/t. 

Extract of Scopolia. 

Take 

Scopolia Root, in coarse powder 1 p/. 

pour on it 

DUnte Alcohol 2 ptn. 

Water 2 pta. 

extract it in the cold for 3 days ; express ; on the residue pour 

Dilute Alcohol Ipt. 

Water Ip/. 

extract it again in the cold for 2 days ; express ; mix the expressed 
liquids; filter and evaporate till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Scopolia has a brown color, and is soluble with a 
slight turbidity in water. 

If 1 part of the extract be mixed with ' 100 parts of water and 
filtered, the filtrate should have the power of dilating the pupil of 
the eye. 

Keep with care. 



124 EXTR. SECAL. OORNU. EXTRACT. 8TRYCH. 

EXTRACTUM SECALIS CORNUTI. 

Extract of Ergot. 

Take 

Ergot, in coarse powder 2 |>te* 

pour on it 

Distilled Water 4 ?;<. 

extract it for 6 hours in the cold ; express ; on the residue pour 

Distilled Water 4 >)<& 

extract it again for 6 hours in the cold ; express ; mix the expressed 
liquids ; evaporate till the whole becomes 1 part ; add to it 

Alcohol Ip^* 

set aside for 3 days ; filter and evaporate till a thick extract is 
obtained. 

Extract of Ergot has a reddish-brown color, and is soluble clearly 
in water. 

Keep with care. 

EXTRACTUM SECALIS CORNUTUM FLUIDUM. 

Fluid Extract of Ergot. 
Take 

Ergotj in coarse powder 100 p^» 

prepare according to the receipt described under Exiracta Fluidaj 
by using a menstruum consisting of 

Alcohol 2i>te* 

Distilled Water 8 pte. 

Fluid Extract of Ergot is a clear reddish-brown liquid. 

EXTRACTUM STRYCHNI. 
Extract of Nux Vomica. 

Take 

Nux Vomica, in coarse poivder 10 p^- 

pour on it 



EXTBACTUM STRYCHXI 125 



Dilute Alcohol 20 pts. 

extract it by heating for 24 hours ; express ; on the residue pour 

Dilute Alcohol 16 pis, 

and repeat the same operation as before ; collect the expressed liquids ; 
filter and evaporate till a dry extract is obtained. 

Extract of Nux Vomica has a brown color rind an exceedingly 
bitter taste, and is soluble with turbidity in water. 

An alcoholic solution of a piece of the extract yields, when acidi- 
fied with 2 or 3 drops of dilute sulphuric acid and evaporated on a 
water-bath, a residue of a violet-red color which, on adding a few 
drops of water, fades away but reappears on evaporation. 

Dissolve 1 g. of the extract in a mixture of 5 ccm. of water and 
6 ccm. of absolute alcohol in a glass bottle, thoroughly shake the result- 
ing solution by adding 70 ccm. of ether and 14 ccm. of chloroform, then 
add 10 ccm. of sodium carbonate solution (1 : 3) and set it aside for an 
hour with frequent shaking. Take 60 ccm. of the clear ether-chloro- 
form solution, filter through a dry filter-paper placed in a well-covered 
funnel, into a small glass flask and distil the solution till it becomes 
about one-half of its original bulk. Transfer the remaining ether- 
chloroform solution into a separating-funnel, wash the flask thrice, 
each time, with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether and 1 ccm. 
of chloroform, add the washings to the main solution in the separat- 
ing-funnel, and thoroughly shake up the mixed liquids with 50 ccm. 
of centinormal hydrochloric acid solution, adding, if necessary, a 
suitable quantity of ether. After the complete separation of the 
ether-chloroform solution, filter the lower, clear, acid liquid through 
a small filter-paper moistened with water, into a colorless glass bottle 
of about 200 ccm. in capacity, shake up the chloroform-ether solution 
thri(» more, each time, with 10 ccm. of water, filter the aqueous 
solution through the previous filter-paper which is finally waslied with 
water, mix all the filtrates and washings, and dilute the mixture to 
about 100 ccm. by adding water, pour ether on it till the ethereal 
layer in the bottle measures about 1 cm. high. If the resulting 
solution be titrated, after adding' 5 drops of iodo-eosine solution, with 
centinormal potassium hydroxide solution, not more than 18 ccm. of 
the latter solution should be required before the lower aqueous solution 
acquires a pale red color. 

I^eep with care. 



126 EXTRACrr. taraxa. fer. carbo. saochara. 



EXTRACTUM TARAXACI. 

Extract of Taraxacum. 
Take 

Taraxacum Root; medium cut 1 pt. 

pour ou it 

Water 5 pu. 

extract it for 48 hours in the cold; express; on the residue pour 

Water 3 pts. 

extract it again for 12 hours in the cold ; express ; mix the expressed 
liquids ; evaporate till the whole becomes 2 parts ; add to it 

Alcohol 1 pi. 

set aside for 2 days in a cool place ; filter and evaporate the filtrate 
till a thick extract is obtained. 

Extract of Taraxacum has a brown color, and is soluble clearlv 
in water. 

FEL TAURI INSPISSATUM. 

Oxgall. 

Take oxgall and strain by heating into a porcelain dish ; evaporate 
on a water-bath till it gets the consistence of a thick extract. 

Oxgall has a greenish-brown color, and is almost completely soluble 
in water. Its aqueous solution, after adding a small quantity of cane 
sugar, assumes a dark violet-red color on the addition of sulphuric 
acid, and on diluting with an excess of water, the above solution 
becomes considerably turbid. 

It has a slightly sweet, followed by a very bitter, taste and a 
characteristic, but not fetid odor. 

On ignition, it should leave 8 — 10 per cent, of solid residue. 

FERRUM CARBONICUM SACCHARATUM. 

Saccharated Iron Carbonate. 
Take 
Ferrous Sulphate 60 />/«. 



FERRUM CARBONICUM SACXHIARATUM 127 



dissolve it in 

Boiling Distilled Water 20 pu^ 

filter into a spacious bottle containing a clear solution of 

Sodium Bicarbonate 3.5 pt8. 

in 

Tepid Distilled Water 50 j>ta. 

after mixing well tlie content of the bottle, fill it up completely 
with hot distilled water ; cork loosely and set it aside. Draw off 
the upper clear solution by means of a siphon ; fill the bottle again 
completely with hot distilled water ; after settling, draw off the upper 
clear solution again, and repeat the same operation until the upper 
clear solution hardly becomes turbid on adding barium nitrate solution. 
Transfer the precipitate, freed from the aqueous part as much as 
l)0ssible, into a porcelain dish containing 

Powdered Milk Sugar 1 p/. 

Powdered Cane Sugar 3 pta, 

mix well ; dry on a water-bath ; pulverise in a mortar and add so 
much dry powdered cane sugar that the whole weight of the mixture 
l)€Comes 10 parts. 

Saccharated Iron Carbonate is a greenish-gray powder, with a 
sweet and slightly chalybeate taste, and containing 9.5 — 10 per cent, 
of pure iron (Fe = 56). 

It dissolves in hydrochloric acid, with evolution of carbonic acid, 
forming a greenish-yellow solution which, when diluted with water, 
yields a blue precipitate with a solution either of yellow prussiatc of 
potash, or of red prussiate of potash. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50), obtained by adding as little hydro- 
chloric acid as possible to it, should produce no more than a slight 
turbidity, if any, with barium nitrate solution. 

Dissolve 1 g. of it in 10 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid without ap- 
plying heat, and add potassium permanganate solution (5 : 1000) until 
the solution assumes a faint red color for a short time ; after de- 
coloration, add 2 g. of potassium iodide . and keep well closed. If 
the mixture be allowed to stand for an hour at ordinary tempera- 
tures, then 17.0 — 17.8 ccm. of decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution 
should be required for its complete decoloration. 



128 FERRmf CTTRICUM AMMONIATUM 

FERRUM CITRICUM AMMONIATUM. 

Iron and Ammonium Citrate. 
Mix 

Iron Citrate Solution 3 pi^- 

Ammonia Water 1 pi. 

evaporate the mixture at a temperature, not above 60*^ C, till it gets 
a syrupy consistence, and dry in thin layers, by warming gently on 
glass plates until it can be removed in form of small flakes. 

Thin, transparent scales of a deep red color, showing a weak acid 
reaction ; very hygroscopic ; easily soluble in water, but insoluble la 
alcohol. 

An aqueoas solution of Iron and Ammonium Citrate, after being 
acidified with hydrochloric acid, acquires a blue color .with a solution 
of yellow prussiate of potash. 

When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, its aqueous solution 
yields a reddish-brown precipitate with evolution of ammonia, and 
the filtrate therefrom, when slightly acidified with acetic acid and 
mixed with calcium chloride solution, gives a clear solution which, 
on heating, slowly yields a white, crystalline precipitate. 

If its aqueous solution (1 : 50) be boiled with an excess of potassium 
hydroxide solution until the iron is completely precipitated, and 
the solution be filtered, the filtrate should, on being acidified with 
acetic acid, produce no crystalline precipitate even after a long stand- 
ing ; the same filtrate, after being acidified with nitrip acid, should 
produce no more than a slight turbidity with barium nitrate solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the salt, afl^r being aerified with 
nitric acid, neither produces any more than a slight ojalescence 
with silver nitrate solution^ nor should it produce any change, nor 
acquire any more than a bluish-green coloration, witli a solitiou of 
red prussiate of potash. 

On heating strongly, 1 g. of the salt should leave 0.25 — O.Si^. 
of ferric oxide wliicli should have no alkaline reaction. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



FERRUM CITRICUM OXYDATUM 1 29 



FERRUM CiTRICUM OXYDATUM. 

Iron Citrate. 

Evaporate 

Iron Citrate Solution 
at a temperature, not over 60° C, till it gets a syrupy consistence, 
and dry it in tliin layers by warming gently on glass plates, until 
it can be separated in form of small scales. 

Transparent, reddish-brown scales, showing an acid reaction ; per- 
manent in the air ; completely but slowly soluble in cold water, readily 
in hot water, and insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Iron Citrate acquires, with a solution of 
yellow prussiate of potash, a bluish-green color which is changed to 
dark blue by the subsequent addition of hydrochloric acid. 

When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, its aqueous solution 
yields a reddish-brown precipitate, and the clear solution, whicli 
is obtained by slightly acidifying the filtrate therefrom with acetic 
acid and mixing with calcium chloride solution, gradually produces, 
on heating, a white, crystalline precipitate. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the salt should yield no precipitate 
with ammonia water. 

If its aqueous solution be boiled with an excess of potassium 
liydroxide solution and the iron completely precipitated, no ammonia 
sliould be evolved ;'and the filtrate thereform, on being acidified with 
acetic acid, should neither produce a crystalline precipitate, even 
after standing for a long time, nor should it produce, after being 
acidified with nitric acid, any more than a slight turbidity with 
barium nitrate solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 50j of the salt, after being acidified with 
nitric aciJ, should neither produce any more than an opalescence with 
silver nitrate solution, nor should it produce any change, nor acquire 
any more than a bluish-green coloration, with a solution of red prussiate 
of potash. 

On heating strongly, 1 g. of the salt should leave 0.2 — 0.3 g. of ferric 
oxide showing no alkaline reaction. 



130 PERRUM lODATUM SAOCHARATUM 

FERRUM lODATUM SACCHARATUM. 

Saccliarated Iron Iodide. 

Take 

Iron Wire 6 />'". 

Distilled Water 20 pi^. 

Iodine 17 pLs. 

introduce them into a glass flask ; set it aside in a warm place, 
with occasional sliaking, until the solution acquiras a greenish color ; 
filter into a porcelain dish containing 

Powdered Milk Sugar 40 pf^- 

wash the flask and the filter, with a small quantity of distilled water ; 
ev^aporate to dryness, under stirring, on a water-bath ; transfer the 
dried mass quickly into a \varm iron mortar, previously containing 

Powdered Milk Sugar 39 p^*. 

Reduced Iron 1 pt. 

reduce it to a dry powder, and quickly put into small, stoppered 
bottles. 

A yellowish-white or grayish powder having a slightly ferruginous 
taste and showing a weak acid reaction ; very hygroscopic ; almost 
completely soluble in 7 parts of water, leaving behind reduced iron. 

Saccharated Iron Iodide contains 20 per cent, of ferrous iodide 
(Fels =309.7). 

On heating strongly in the air, it is consumed, evolving iodine 
vapor and emitting the odor of burning sugar, and finally leaves 
a residue showing no alkaline reaction. 

Its aqueous solution acquires, with starch solution, a dark blue 
color, only after the addition of a small quantity of chlorine water. 

Dissolve 1 g. of it in 10 ccm. of M-ater, filter, wash with water, 
and to the resulting solution add 10 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid 
and 6.6 ccm. of potassium permanganate solution (1 : 100), set aside 
at ordinary temperatures, with occasional shaking for 3 hours, and 
add 2g. of potassium iodide, and again set aside for an hour; then for 
the complete decoloration of the resulting solution, 19 ccm. of deci- 
normal sodium thiosulphate solution should be required. 

Keep in small bottles, in a cool dark place. 



PERRUM LACTICUM 131 



FERRUM LACTICUM. 

Iron Lactate. 
FcCCsH^Oa), + 3H2O - 288.16 

Greenish- white masses, consisting of small acicular crystals, or a 
crystalline powder, having a weak, characteristic odor ; soluble in 
al)out 40 parts of water, and in 12 parts of boiling water, forming 
a greenish-yellow solution which shows a slightly acid reaction, but 
insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Iron Lactate inmiediately yields a dark 
blue precipitate with a solution of red prussiate of potash, and a 
sky-blue precipitate with a solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

On heating strongly, it carbonises, emitting the odor of burning 
sugar. 

Tlie aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the salt should produce only an 
opalescence with lead acetate solution, and also, after adding hydro- 
chloric acid, with hydrogen sulphide solution. The same solution 
should, after adding nitric acid, undergo no change with a solution 
either of barium nitrate, or of silver nitrate. 

If 30 com. of its aqueous solution (1 : 50) be boiled for a few 
minutes with 3 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid, and an excess of sodium 
hydroxide solution added and be filtered, the filtrate, on being heated 
with Fehling's solution, should yield no red precipitate. 

When mixed with sulphuric acid, the powdered salt should give 
off no gases, and the mixture, after standing for half an hour, should 
acquire no considerable brown coloration. 

Moisten 1 g. of the salt with nitric acid in a porcelain crucible, 
and evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat, the solid residue thus 
obtained should leave, when strongly heated, at least about 0.27 g. 
of ferric oxide which is perfectly insoluble in water, and should show 
no alkaline reaction. 



1 32 FERRU.Nr PULVERATUM 



FERRUM PULVERATUM. 

Powdered Iron. 
Fe = o6 

A heavy, slightly lustrous, gray powder, attracted by the magnet ; 
soluble in dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, witli evolution of 
hydrogen gas. 

A hvdrochloric acid solution of Powdered Iron, on being: diluted 
with a large quantity of water, produces a deep blue precipitate 
with a solution of red prussiate of potash. 

It contains not less tliaii 98 per cent, of pure iron. 

If it be dissolved in a mixture of equal volumes of water and 
hydrochloric acid, the residue, if any, should be only very little, 
and the gas evolved during dissolution should be almost free from 
any odor, and should not immediately color brownish a piece of paper 
which is previously moistened with lead acetate solution. If the 
above dilute hydrochloric acid solution be mixed, after being oxidised 
with nitric acid, with an excess of ammonia water and filtered, the 
filtrate should undergo no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 0.2 g. of it and 0.2 g. of potassium chlorate be mixed with 2 ccm. 
of hydrochloric acid in a large test-tube, and after the evolution of 
the gases has ceased, the mixture warmed to drive off free chlorine and 
be filtered, 1 ccm. of the clear filtrate, on being mixed with 3 ccm. of 
stannous chloride solution, should acquire no dark coloration within 
an hour. 

- Dissolve 1 g. of it in about 50 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute 
the solution to 100 ccm., and to 10 ccm. of the resulting solution, add 
potassium permanganate solution (5 : 1000) until a faint red color is 
produced, and after decolorising with a few drops of alcohol, add 2 g. 
of potassium iodide, allow the mixture to stand for an hour in a closed 
vessel at ordinary temperatures ; then for the complete decoloration 
of the solution tlius prepared, at least 17.5 ccm. of decinormal sodium 
thiosulphatc solution should be required. 



FERRUM REDUCTUM 133 



FERRUM REDUCTUM. 

Reduced Iron. 

A very fine, gray or grayish-black, lustreless powder, attracted by 
the magnet 

When heated, Reduced Iron glows and becomes dark brown. 

It contains not less than 90 per cent, of pure iron (Fc=56). 

When it is dissolved in a mixture of equal volumes of water and 
hydrochloric acid, the residue, if any, sliould be only very little, and 
the gas evolved during dissolution should be almost free from any 
odor, and should not immediately color brownish a piece of paper 
wliich is previously moistened with lead acetate solution. 

Tlie solution, obtained by shaking 2 g. of it with 10 ccm. of water, 
sliould not cliange the color of test-papers, and the solution obtained 
by filtering it should, when evaporated to dryness, leave no weighable 
solid residue. 

If 0.2 g. of it be mixed with 0.2 g. of potassium chlorate and 2 ccm. 
of Iiydrochloric acid in a large test-tube, and after the evolution of 
the gases has ceased, tlie mixture warmed to drive off free chlorine 
and be filtered, 1 ccm. of tlie clear filtrate, on being mixed with 3 ccm. 
of stannous chloride solution, should not become dark colored within 
an hour. 

Pour 10 ccm. of potassium iodide solution on 0.3 g. of it in finely 
powdered state, and add gradually, under cooling and shaking, 1.5 g. 
of coarsely powdered iodine ; as soon as the iron and iodine have com- 
pletely dissolved, dilute the solution to 100 ccm. with water and set 
it aside ; titrate 50 ccm. of the clear solution thus prepared, with 
decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution, then not more than 10.3 ccm. 
of the latter solution should be required for the complete decoloration. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



134 FER. SESQUIC3HLOR. KER. SUBCARB. 



FERRUM SESQUICHLORATUM. 

Ferric Chloride. 
Fe2Cl6+12H2O=540.94 

Dry, yellow, crystalline masses, of a strongly hygroscopic nature ; 
soluble in water, and in alcohol, and also in a mixture of ether and 
alcohol. 

The tests and reactions for the solution of Ferric Chloride in 
equal parts of water, should conform with those given under Liquor 
Ferri SesquicJdorati. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 

FERRUM SUBCARBONICUM. 

Iron Subcarbonate. 

A yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, fine, amorphous powder, in- 
soluble in water. 

Iron Subcarbonate dissolves completely, with a slight effervescence, 
in dilute hydrochloric acid, and the resulting solution yields a blue 
precipitate with a solution either of yellow prussiate of potash, or of 
red prussiate of potash. 

If 1 part of the salt be shaken with 10 parts of water and filtered, 
the filtrate should not immediately cliange the color of test-papers, 
nor should it leave, when evaporated to dryness, any more than, 
if any, a very little residue. 

The solution of the salt (1 : 20) in water acidified with nitric acid 
should produce only an opalesot^nce with a solution either of barium 
nitrate, or of silver nitrate. 

If the hydrochloric acid solution of the salt be boiled witli a small 
quantity of nitric acid, and an excess of ammonia water be added, 
warmed and filtered, the clear, colorless filtrate should neitlier become 
turbid, nor colored with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, or 
of sodium carbonate. 



FER. SULFURI. FER. SULFURI. CRUD. 135 



FERRUM SULFURICUM. 

Ferrous Sulphate. 

FeSO,+ 7H20 = 278.2 

Take 

Iron 2 p'«. 

dissolve it by heating in a mixture of 

Sulphuric Acid 3 pts. 

Distilled Water 8 pts. 

after the evolution of the gas has almost ceased, filter the solution 
while it is still warm ; pour the filtrate, under shaking, into 

Alcohol 4 i>to. 

transfer the crystalline powder here produced quickly into a filter ; 
wash witli a little alcohol ; press ; spread over a filter-paper and dry 
quickly at ordinary temperatures. 

A crystalline powder, efflorescent in dry air; soluble in 1.8 parts 
of water, forming a bluish-green solution. 

A very dilute, aqueous solution of Ferrous Sulphate yields, with 
a solution of red prussiate of potash, a deep blue precipitate, and, with 
barium nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in hydrochloric 
acid. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20), obtained by dissolving the salt in 
freslily boiled and cooled water, should be clear and have a bluish- 
green color, and should hardly redden a blue litmus paper. 

If 2 g. of the salt be dissolved in water, and after oxidising it with 
nitric acid or bromine water, an excess of ammonia water be added and 
filtered, the resulting colorless filtrate should not be affected by 
hydrogen sulphide solution, nor should it leave, when evaporated to 
dryness and ignited, any weighable solid residue. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

FERRUM SULFURICUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Ferrous Sulphate. Iron VilrioL 

Greenish, crystalline masses, or green crystals, having an astringent 



1 36 FER. SULFURI. CRUD. FIX)R. CIIAMOMEL. 

taste ; usually souicwhat moist, and rarely covered with a whitish 
powder ; soluble with turbidity in 2 parts of water, and sliowiiig an 
acid reaction. 

If 1 part of the salt be dissolved in 5 parts of water, the solution 
should not considerably acquire a brownish turbidity ; the same solution, 
when filtered, gives a brownish-green filtrate which sliould produce 
only a slightly brown coloration, if any, with liydrogen sulphide 
solution. 



FLORES ARNIC/t. 

Arnica Flowers. 

The dried ligulate and tubular florets of Arnica montaim Linn. 

Arnica Flowers are of a reddish-yellow color, and have an obscurely 
o-cdged ovary, which is covered with upright hairs, consisting of 
2 cells arranged ftide by side. The pale yellow pappus consists of 
a number of stiff brLstlos. The corolla of ligulate florets is marked 
by 8 — 12 veins, and is 3-toothed at the apex. Each lialf of the 
anther is somewhat rounded bolow, and the connective triangular above. 

They have a faintly aromatic odor and a bitter taste. 



FLORES CHAMOMILL/€. 

Germnn Chamomile. 

The dri(»d capitula of Matricaria Chaviomilla Linn. 

The involucre consists of green bracts with scarious margin and 
white ones arranged in about 3 rows. The receptacle is uake<l, 
liollow, liemispherieal in young capitula and conical in old ones. It 
has 12 — 18 white ligulate florets, bearing a 4-nervod, 3-toothed corolla, 
and many yellow tubular florets. 

German Chamomile has a strongly aromatic odor and a somewhat 
bitter taste. 



FLOR. CHAMOMIL. ROM. FI.OR. KOSO 137 

FLORES CHAMOMILL/t ROMAN/t. 

Chamomile Flowers. 

The dried capitula of Anthemis nobilis Linn. 

The involucre is composed of numerous, liairy bracts, which are 
whitish at the margin and provided with ciliary serratures. The 
receptacle is conical and solid ; the attached florets beiug mainly 
white, ligulate ones which have a 4-nerV'ed, 3-toothed corolla and 
bear a keel-formed scale at the base. The yellow tubular florets 
occupying the middle portion of the receptacle are rather few. 

Chamomile Flowers have a strongly aromatic odor and a bitter taste. 



FLORES CIN/€. 

Worm Seed 

The dried, yet unopened flower heads of Artemisia Cina Berg. 

The capitulum is about 4 mm. long. The involucre consists of 
12—20 of broadly elliptical or linear, greenish bracts, obtuse at the 
apex, transparent and scarious at the margin, liaving a prominent 
ridge along the mid-rib, on both sides of which are scattered yellow- 
ish glands and in most cases a few unicellular hairs. Tlie involucre 
encloses 3 — 5 of hermaphrodite, tubular florets. 

Worm Seed has a disagreeable, aromatic odor and a bitter, cooling 
taste. 

FLORES KOSO. 

Kousso Flowers. 

The female inflorescence of Hugenia abyssinica Willd., collected 
and dried after withering of flowers. 

The flowers arc pedunculate. Tlie receptacle is nearly cup-shaped, 
with internal pitcher-shaped depression, and is constricted above by 
a ring, bsaring on its rim 2 alternating, 4- to 5-merous whorls of 



138 FLOK. KOSO FLOR. MAI.V. 

sepals and an isomerous whorl of very small petals, which are mostly 
fallen off in the drug. The outer sepals are about 1 cm. long and 
straight, while the inner ones do not exceed 3 mm. in length and are 
bent outward. At the bottom of the receptacle stand 2 pistils, of 
which only one develops into a small nut. 2 roundish bractlets are 
attached to the peduncle. 

The powdered flower should only contain the ingredients of pistil- 
late flowers and two bractlets ; neither pollens nor fragments of vascular 
bundles, more than 0.002 mm. thick, should be therein found. 

Flowers together with their bractletp, should only be employed. 



FLORES LAVANDUL/t. 

Lavender Flowers. 

The dried flowers of Lavandula vera D.C. 

The calyx is tubular, 5 mm. long, somewhat expanded above, 10- 
to 13- veined, and is beset with hairs. Of the 5 teeth on the edge 
of the calyx, 4 are very short, while the remaining one forms an 
ovate, obtuse, blue-colored lobe, 1 mm. long. The corolla is blue- 
colored, its upper lip, having 2 lobes, and the lower lip 3 lobes. 

Lavender Flowers have an agreeable odor and a bitter taste. 



FLORES MALV/t. 

Mallow Flowers. 

The dried flowers of Malva silvcstris Linn. 

The calyx is 5 mm. long, 5 partite, surrounded externally by 3 
narrow, spatulate, pointed bracts. The corolla consists of 5 blue- 
colored petals which are above 2 cm. long, cuneate or narrowly 
obovate, deeply emarginate at the apex and adnate to the staminal 
tube. 



FIX)R. EOS. FLOR. TILL 139 



FLORES ROS/E. 
Kose Flowers. 

The dried petals of Rosa rur/osi Tluinb. 

They are of reddish- violet color, broadly elliptical or obcordate, 
somewhat thickened and recurved at the base. 
Rose Flowers have an agreeable odor. 



FLORES SAMBUCI. 

Elder Flowers. . 

The dried flowers of Sambucus nigra Linn. 

The ovary is inferior and bear« a short style with 3 stigmas, 
5 triangular sepals, and a rotate, 5-partite corolla, on which 5 stamens 
stand. 

Elder Flowers should have a light yellow color and a strong odor. 



FLORES TILI/E. 

Linden Flowers. 

The dried inflorescences of Ttlia tdmifolia Scop, and Tilia jjlaty- 
phyllos Scop. 

The inflorescence-axis is adnate to a large, tongue-shaped bract. 
The yellowish flowers, 3—13 in number, have 5-merous calyx, with 
valvate activation and easily falling off; the corolla consists of 5 
petals which are spatula te and glabrous. The stamens, 30—40 in 
number, are provided with filiform filaments and divided connectives. 
The ovary is superior, 5-locular and possesses a 6-lobed stigma. 

Linden Flowers have a faintly aromatic odor and a slimv taste. 



\ 



140 FIX)R. VKKBAS. POL. BKIJ/AF OX. 



FLORES VERBASCI. 

Mullein Flowers. 

The driol, golden-colored flowers, with their stamens, of Verbasciroi 
phlomoides Linn, and Verbascum tlmpsiforme. Schrad. 

The corolla is 1.5 — 2.0 cm. wide, and has a short tube as well as 
a o-lobed limb. The petals alternate with 5 stamens, of which 2 
are not hairy and stand on the right and left sides of the largest 
petal, while the rest are covered with unicellular, club-shaped hairs. 

Alullein Flowers should have a yellow color and a strong odor. 



FOLIA ALTH/€/€. 

Marsh mallow Leaves. 

Tlie dried leaves of AWtt^a officinalis Linn. 

The lamina is 10 cm. long, elliptical, 3- to r)-lobed, gray in color, 
thick, brittle, cuneate or cordate at the base, and serrate or crenate 
at tlie margin. 

Both surfiices of tlie lamina are densely covered with tufted hairs. 
TJie petiole is shorter tlian the blade. 

!Marshmallow Leaves have no odor, but a slimy taste. 



FOLIA BELLADONN/E. 

Belladonna Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Atropa Belladonna Linn., collected in the 
flowering season. 

Belladonna Loaves are brownish-green on the upper surface, 
grayish-green on the lower, at most 2 dm. long, ovate and narrowed 
into the petiole wliich is semi-circular in cross-section, acute at the 
apex, entire at the margin and nearly glabrous. When magnified, 



FOL. BELL ADON. FOL. COCA 1 41 

tlie leaves are seen, especially on the under surface, to be provided 
with wliite spots which consist of oxalate cells containing crystal-sand. 
They have a slightly bitter taste. 



FOLIA BUCCO. 

Buclin Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Barosma crenulata Hook, and Barosma bet- 
uliua, Bartl. et Weudl. 

Barosma cremdatct Hook. The leaves are ovate or obovate, 
12— 20 mm. long, about 10 mm. broad, obtuse at the apex and crenate 
at tlie margin. Tlie petiole is sliort. 

Barosma betuVnn Bartl. et Wendl. The leaves have a rhombic 
form, 8 — 18 mm. long, 12 mm. broad, blunt or recurved at the 
at)ex, and narrowed and wedge-shaped at tlie base. They are light 
green in color, glossy, coriaceous and dotted with oil-glands. A large 
oil-gland is situated next to the margin at the base of each tooth. 

Buchu licavos have an aromatic taste, and an odor resembling that 
of the rue. 



FOLIA COCA. 

Coca Leaves. 

Tlic dried leaves of Enjthroxylon Coca Lam. 

Coca Leaves are greenish-brown in color, lanceolate, ovate or nar- 
rowly obovate, 2 — 7 cm. long, shortly petioled, obtuse or retuse at 
the apex, the midrib being very prominent, and having a curval 
line on either side. 

Coca Ijcaves possess a faint, tea-like odor and a slightly bitter, 
aromatic taste, followed by a numbness of the tongue. 



142 POL. DIGITAL. FOL. EUCALY. 



FOLIA DIGITALIS. 

Foxglove Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Dujltalis purpurea Linn., collected at the com- 
mencement of flowering. 

Foxglove liOaves aro at most 30 cm. long, by 10 cm. broad, nar- 
rowly ovate, sessile or running down into a 3-cdged petiole, and 
irregularly crenate at the margin. The primary vein div-erge at an 
acute angle from the midrib, and form, together with those of the 
second and tliird order, a prominent net-work on the under surface of 
the blade, between which a fine reticulum of veinlets can further be 
observed by transmitted light. The blade is beset with pointed, mostly 
1- to 4-cellular hairs and capitate glandular hairs. The mesophyll is 
devoid of oxalate crystals. 

They liave a repulsive, bitter taste. 

An extract, obtained by treating 1 part of the leaves with 10 parts 
of boiling water, yields, after cooling, an abundant precipitate with 
tannic acid solution, dissolving gradually in excess of the latter. 

Keep with care but not over 1 year. 



FOLIA EUCALYPTI. 

Eucalyptus Leaves. 

Tlie dried leav^es of Eucali/ptus globulus Labill. 

The blade is 15 — 30 cm. long, 2.5 — 3 cm. broad in the broadest 
part of the base, lanceolately scythe-shai)ed, tapering above, and ab- 
ruptly contracted at the base. The petiole is twisted and 2— 3 cm. 
long. The leaves are entire at the margin, dark grayish-green, 
smooth, coriaceous, pellucid-punctate ; the veins run along the margin, 
anastomosing at a distance of 1 — 2 mm. from it. They are often 
mixed with tlie leaves of young trees which are ovate, cordate at the 
base and verv thin. 



FOL. FAKPAR. FOL. HYOS. 143 



FOLIA FARFAR/E. 

Coltsfoot Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Tussilago Farfara Linn. 

The blade is heart-shaped, 8 — 15 cm. long, palmately veined, long 
petiolate, pointed at the apex, more or less sinuate at the margin 
with serratures in the indentations. They are dark green on the 
up]>er surface and white on the lower, with somewhat whip-shaped, 
downy hairs. 

Coltsfoot Leaves are almost odorless and tasteless. 



FOLIA HAMAMELIDIS. 

Hamamelis Leaves. 

Tiie dried leaves of Ilaonamdis virginiana Linn. 

Hamamelis Leaves are 7 — 15 cm. long, 7 cm. broad, dark green or 
brownish-green ou the upper surface, pale on the lower, broadly 
ovate with the obtuse apex. The blade is narrowed towards the base, 
which is almost unequal and often cordate at one side. The margin 
is sinuate and irregularly crenate. The prominent veins, about 6 in 
number, diverge at an acute angle from both sides of the midrib and 
run into larger teeth of the margin. Between these veins is seen a 
oDnspicuous net-work of veinlets. 

Hamamelis Leaves have an astringent and slightly bitter taste. 



FOLIA HYOSCYAMI. 

Henbane Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Ht/oscyamus nujer Linn., collected from the 
flowering plants. 

The lower leaves are 30 cm. long, ovate-oblong, narrowed towards 
the petiole and coarsely toothed. The cauliae leaves are smaller, 



144 FOL. HYOS. FOL. MELISS. 

sessile, pointed at .the apex and provided at the margin, with 1 — 4 
large, wide teeth on either side. The epidermis is beset with generally 
2- to 4- at most 10-celIed conical hairs and multicellular capitate 
glandular hairs. The crystals of oxalic acid salt in the mesophyll- 
cells are usually single or twinned, and rarely of simpler clustered 
forms. 

Keep with care. 

FOLIA JABORANDI. 

Jaborandi Leaves. 

The dried leaflets of the impari-pinnate loaves of several species of 
Pilocarpus. 

The lateral leaflets are in 2 — 4 pairs, shortly petioled, and the 
terminal one has a petiole 2 — 3 cm. long. The leaflets are 8—16 cm., 
mostly 12 cm. long, oval to lanceolate, narrowed uniformly towards 
both extremities and emarginate at the apex. The primary veins 
spring at an angle of 45^ from the midrib and form loops, meeting 
with each other at a short distance from the margin ; moreover 
smaller loops are seen lying outside of the latter. Between the 
primary veins lies a reticulate venation, the large meshes of which 
are formed of thinner veinlets of the third order and larger ones of 
the fourth order. The numerous transparent spots of the blade are 
due to the intercellular secretory-reservoirs. The thickness of a 
single layer of pallisade cells is about one-fifth of that of the blade. 

When rubbed, Jaborandi Leaves emit strikingly an aromatic odor 
resembling that of dried peel of oranges, and on chewing for a long 
time, produce a sharp taste. 



FOLIA MELISS/E. 

Balm-mint Leaves. 

The dried leaves of cultivated plants of Melissa officinalis Linn. 
Balm-mint Leaves are long petioled, 3 — 5 cm. long, ovate or cordate. 



POL. MELIS8. FOIi. SALVI. 145 

thin, deep green on the upper surface, pale green on the lower, sin- 
uate-dentate, and beset with isolated hairs and shining glandular 
scales. 
The leaves should have a citron-Hke odor. 

FOLIA MENTH/E. 
Peppermint Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Mentha arvensis Linn. var. piperascens Holmes. 

Peppermint Leaves are ovate to lanceolate, 3— 7 cm. long, sharply 
pointed, irregularly to sharply serrate, sparsely hairy and covered 
with numerous glandular scales. 

The leaves have a characteristic, sharp, aromatic odor and taste, 
followed by a cooling after-taste. 

FOLIA PRUNI MACROPHYLL/€. 
Bakuchi Leaves. 

The fresh leaves of Fnimis macrophylla S. et. Z. 

Bakuchi Leaves are lanceolate, about 16 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, 
acute at the apex and sharply serrate at the margin. The blade is 
coriaceous, green, glossy on the upper surface, and paler on the lower. 
The midrib is prominent on the under side of the blade, showing a 
corresponding groove on the upper surface. The lateral veins spring 
from the midrib, curving upwards and anastomosing towards the 
margin. The petiole is short, showing a groove on the upper side, 
and are provided with glands on either side, close to tlie base of the 
blade. The palisade-cells are only found on the upper side, and en- 
close, here and there, clustered crystals of the salt of oxalic acid. 

When crushed, the leaves emit the odor of hydrogen cyanide. 

FOLIA SALVI/E. 
Garden Sage Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Salvia officinalis Linn. 



146 FOL. SALVI. POL. STRAMO. 

Grarden Sage Leaves are of various shapes^ usually ovate or oblongs 
2 — 8 cm. long, by 1 — 4 cm. broad, finely crenulate, vaulted upwards 
between the meshes of the veins. Both sur&ces have slender, long^ 
somewhat thick-walled, empty, 1- to 5rcelled hairs, capitate gland- 
ular hairs and glandular scales. 

The leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, somewhat bitter and 
astringent taste. 

FOLIA SENN/E. 
Senna Leaves. 

(a) India Senna. 

The dried leaves of Cassia angvstifdia Valil. 

The leaves are lanceolate, somewhat inequilateral at the base> 
2.5— 5 cm. long, shortly petioled, sparsely hairy and pointed at the 
apex. The primary veins, which are prominent on both sides of the 
blade, run upwards in winding course along the margin. The epi- 
dermis of both surfaces consists of polygonal, flat-walled cells, and is 
provided with unicellular thick-walled hairs. Beneath the epidermis 
of both sur&ces lies a layer of palisade-cells, and the middle layer 
of the mesophyll is composed of roundish cells. 

(b) Alexandria Senna. 

The dried leaves of Cassia acutifclia Del. 

The leaves are smaller than the above mentioned in size, being 
1 — 3 cm. long. The other points are essentially the same to (a). 

Senna Leaves should be £ree from petioles and legumes, and from 
Argel leaves (the leaves of Cynanchum Argel Del.). 

The leaves should not be used afljer becoming brownish or yellowish 
in color. 

FOLIA STRAMONII. 

Stramonium Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Datura alba Nees., collected in the flowering 
season. 



POL. STRAMO. POL. UVA. URSI 147 



The petiole is long, cylindrical and narrowly grooved on the upper 
surface. The blade is dark green in color, at most 2 dm. long, broadly 
-ovate or narrowly ovate to lanceolate, pointed at the apex and wedge- 
shaped at the base, the margin being irregularly or doubly sinuate- 
dentate. It is nearly smooth, and has 3—5 stout veins proceeding from 
both sides of the midrib. The oxalate cells contain clustered crystals. 

Stramonium Leaves have a slightly bitter and saline taste. 

Keep with care. 

FOLIA TRIFOLII FIBRINI. 

Bog-bean Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Menyanthes trifoliata Linn. 

The petiole of the trifoliate leaves is round in cross-section, 1 dm. 
•or less in length and 5 mm. thick. The leaflets are green, 3— 10 cm. 
long, devoid of the petiole, thick, smooth, lanceolate-oblong in out- 
line, and wedge-shaped at the base. The margin is slightly undulate, 
^vith a water-pore in each sinus. 

Bog-bean Leaves are odorless, and have a very bitter taste. 



FOLIA UV>E URSI. 
Bear-berry Leaves. 

The dried leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Spreng. 

Bear-berry Leaves are spatulate, rarely obovate, 1.2— 3 cm. in 
length, entire at the margin and provided with the 3— 5 mm. long 
petiole. The blade is thick, brittle, and dark green on the upper 
side. The epidermis of the upper and lower surfaces consists of 
cells which appear polygonal and straight-walled, when seen from 
above. The stomata are broadly oval. The midrib contains single 
-crystals of calcium oxalate in the cells, accompanying the vascular 
bundle above and below ; the mesophyll does not contain any oxalate 
<;rystaL The leaves have &n astringent taste. 

If to a solution, obtained by extracting 1 part of the leaves for 2 
or 3 hours with 50 parts of cold water, a small piece of ferrous 
sulphate be added, a violet precipitate is produced. 



148 PORMALINim 



FORMALINUM. Formaldehydum Solutum. 

Formaline. Formaldehyde Solution. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having a penetrating odor, and reacting 
neutral or slightly acid to test-papers ; miscible, in all proportions, 
with water, and also with alcohol, but not with ether. Specific gravity : 
1.079-1.081. 

Formaline contains about 35 per cent, of pure formaldehyde (CHgO = 
30.02). 

If 5 ccm. of it be evaporated on a water-bath, it leaves a white, 
amorphous substance which is insoluble in water and is consumed^ 
when heated, without leaving any solid residue. 

When evaporated to dryness on a water-bath, after making it 
strongly alkaline with ammonia water, it leaves a white, crystaline 
substance which is easily soluble in water. 

On mixing it with ammonia water and silver nitrate solution, 
metallic silver is slowly deposited, and on heating it with Fehling's 
solution, a red precipitate is produced. 

If it be diluted with 4 times its volume of water, the resulting 
solution should not be affected by a solution of silver nitrate, barium 
nitrate, or of hydrogen sulphide, nor should it yield, after being 
supersaturated with ammonia water, any precipitate with ammonium 
sulphide solution. 

If 1 ccm. of it be mixed witli a drop of normal potassium hydrox- 
ide solution, it should show no acid reaction. 

If 5 ccm, of it be mixed with 20 ccm. of water, and 10 ccm. of 
ammonia water added, and the mixture be allowed to stand for an hour 
in a closed vessel, and 20 ccm. of normal hydrochloric acid solution 
and a few drops of rosoUic acid solution be added to the mixture, 
and titrated back with potassium hydroxide solution, then at least 
4 ccm. of the latter solution should be required in order to produce 
a rose-red coloration. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



FRUCT. ANI8. ^FRUCT. CAPSI. 149 



FRUCTUS ANISI. 
Anise Seed. 

The fruit of Pimpinella Anisum Linn. 

Anise Seed is 5 mm. or less in length, broadly ovoid, brownish 
and covered with short unicellular hairs. The oil-tubes between 10 
obscure ribs are not recognisable externally, while 2 broad oil-tubes 
on the commissural surface of mericarps are very prominent. On a 
transverse section of the mericarp are seen 4—6 small oil-tubes 
between each 2 ribs. 

It should have a sharp odor and a taste, resembling those of ancthol. 



FRUCTUS AURANTII IMMATURL 

Orange Pease. 

The dried, unripe fruit of Citrus higaradia Duham. 

Orange Pease is 5— 15 mm. in diameter, externally greenish or 
brownish^ coarsely granular ; the transverse section showing numerous 
oil reservoirs near the outer surface. It is internally divided into 
8—10, rarely 12 locules, the white tissue of its outer wall, protruding 
between the locules. 

It has an aromatic odor and a bitter taste. 



FRUCTUS CAPSICL 
Red Pepper. 

The dried fruit of several species of Capsicum. 

Red Pepper is fusiform or conical, hollow above, 5— 10 cm. long, 
and 5 em. or less in diameter of the base. The outer surface of the 
pericarp is red, yellowish-red or brownish-red, smooth and shining. 
The seeds are numerous, disc-shaped, yellowish, and about 5 mm. in 
diameter. 

It has a sharp, burning taste. 



1 50 FEUCT. CARDAMO. FJRUCT. OOLOCYNTH. 



FRUCTUS CARDAMOMI. 
Cardamom. 

The dried capsules of Elettaria Cardamomum White et Maton^ 
collected just before ripening. 

Cardamom is pale yellowish, 1 — 2 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter^ 
longitudinally veined, having 3 obscure ridges. It is crowned with 
a small beak 1 — 2 mm. long, and internally divided into 3 cells, each 
of wliich contains about 7 seeds longitudinally arranged. The seeds 
are brown, irregularly angled and wrinkled, covered with 'a colorless, 
tliin aril. 

The peel is tasteless, while the seed contains in the testa a secre- 
tion having a strongly aromatic taste and odor. 



FRUCTUS CARVI. 

Caraway. 

The fruit of Garum Carvi Linn. 

Caraway is mostly separated into mericarps, each being about 5 mm. 
long, 1 mm. in diameter, somewhat falcate, narrowing towards both 
ends ; the 5 whitish ribs are prominent and the 6 broad oil-tubes 
appear dark brown. 

It has an odor and a taste, resembling those of earvon. 

FRUCTUS COLOCYNTHIDIS. 

Colocynth Fruit. 

The dried fruit of CitrnUus Colocynthis Schrad., divested of the 
hard peel. 

Colocynth Fruit is spherical ipi shape. The white pulp consists of 
a light, spongy, large-celled tissue, which contains air and is traversed 
by vascular bundles. The compressed ovoid seeds are enclosed in 
the pulp. 



PBUCT. COLOCYNTH. FRTJCn, PIPER, NIGRI 151 

It is odorless, but has a bitter taste. 

It should be used after removing the seeds. 

Keep with care. 



FRUCTUS FCENICULI. 

Fennel. 

The fruit of Fceniculum vulgare Gtertn. 

Fennel is narrowly cylindrical, brownish-green, 7 — 10mm. long, 
by 3— 4 mm. broad. Among the 10 ribs, marginal ones lying closely 
with one another, are more prominent than the rest. The 6 brown 
oil-tubes are mostly broader than the ribs. 

It should have a characteristic, sharp, aromatic odor and taste. 



FRUCTUS JUNIPERI. 
Juniper Berry. 

The dried fruit of Juniperus communis Linn. 

Juniper Berry is spherical, 9 mm. or less in diameter, dark brown, 
occasionally covered with a blue bloom, bearing on the base 1 to 
about 6 trimerous whorls of bracts, and showing on the top 3 sutures* 
The pulp is light brownish and encloses 3 hard seeds. 

It has a strongly aromatic, sweet taste. 



FRUCTUS PIPERIS NIGRI. 

Black Pepper. 

The dried fruit of Fiper nigrum Linn., collected before complete 
maturity. 

Black Pepper is spherical, without pedicel, about 5 mm. in diameter. 
The pericarp is thin, blackish-brown, coarsely wrinkled, and tightly 
encloses a single seed. The seed consists chiefly of perisperm, which 



152 FJRUcrr. piper, nigri qalbanum 

IS hollow at the centre, horny, brownish-yellow, and internally white 
and mealy. 

It has a sharp, aromatic odor and a bnrning taste. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 5 per cent, of solid 
residue. 



FRUCTUS VANILL^E. 

Vanilla. 

The immature fruit of Vanilla flanifoiia Andr. 

Vanilla is 20— 25 cm. long, 1cm. or less in breadth, externally 
blackish-brown, glossy and often covered with crystals of vanillin. 
The fruit is 1-celled, and encloses very numerous seeds which are 
0.25 mm. or less in diameter and surrounded by a thin, oily liquid. 

It should have a pleasant, strongly aromatic odor and taste. 



GALBANUM. 

Galbanum. 

The gum-resin yielded by certain umbelliferous plants, especially 
Fervla gaibanijlua Boiss. et Buhse., growing in northern Persia. 

Galbanum is met with in grains, either loose or adhering inter se 
into a mass, of a brownish, yellow, or often faintly greenish color ; 
sometimes it is found in a brown, easily soft:ening, homogeneous 
mass. The galbanum grains appear never white, even in the fresh 
fracture. 

If finely powdered galbanum be boiled, for a quarter of an hour, 
with fuming nitric acid, filtered through a previously moistened 
filter-paper, and the clear filtrate be carefully oversaturated with 
ammonia water, the resulting solution, when seen by a reflected 
light, shows a blue fluorescence. 

If it be completely extracted by boiling alcohol, it should leave 
at most 50 per cent, of the dried residue. 



GALBANTJM GELATI. AT.BA 1 53 



On incineratioiiy it should leave not more than 10 per cent, of 
«oIid residue. 

It should be powdered after drying in a desiccater, and at as low a 
temperature as possible. 

It has an aromatic^ but not a sharp odor and taste. 



GALL/E. 

Japanese Galls. 

Vesicular excrescences produced on Rhus semialata Murr. var. Os- 
heckii D. C. by the puncture of Aphis chinensis J. Bell. 

Japanese Galls are of irregular form, branched, lobed, and 1—6 cm. 
in diameter. The wall is hard, brittle, horny, of a grayish-brown 
■color, and covered with a grayish-white velvety down, consisting of 
silky hairs. Tlie galls are internally hollow, often containing grayish- 
white, pulverulent matter and dried up bodies of the killed aphides. 

They have a strongly astringent taste. 



GELATINA ALBA. 

White Gelatin. 

Perfectly or almost colorless, transparent, thin, inodorous sheets, 
having a glassy lustre. 

White Gelatin does not dissolve, but swells considerably in cold 
water- It is readily soluble in hot water, forming a sticky, neutral, 
•clear or opalescent solution which, on cooling, solidifies even in the 
proportion of 1 in 100, but insoluble in alcohol, and in ether. 

Even a very dilute, aqueous solution of it yields, with tannic acid 
^ution, a white, flocculent precipitate. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 2 per cent, of solid 
residue. 



154 GLYCERIN GOSSYPI. ACID. BOR. 



GLYCERINUM, 

Glycerin. 

CsHA = 92.08 

A clear, colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid, having a sweet taste ; 
soluble, in all proportions, in water, alcohol, and in ether-alcohol, but 
insoluble in ether, cliloroform, and in fatty oils. Specific gravity : 
1.225-1.235. 

If 1 ccra. of Glycerin be mixed with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride 
solution, the mixture should not acquire a dark coloration within an hour. 

If 1 part of it be diluted with 5 parts of water, the resulting 
solution reacts neutral, and undergoes no change with a solution 
of hydrogen sulphide, or of barium nitrate, or of ammonium oxalate, 
or of calcium chloride ; the same solution should produce no more 
than an opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

On heating 5 ccm. of it and setting fife, it should burn completely 
and leave only a black stain which, on further ignition, should leave 
no solid residue. 

If a mixture of 1 g. of it and 1 ccm. of ammonia water be warmed 
to 60® C. on a water-bath, and 3 drops of silver nitrate solution quickly 
introduced and set aside, neither a coloration, nor a brownish-black 
precipitate should be produced within 5 minutes. 

If 1 ccm. of it be warmed with 1 ccm. of sodium hydroxide solution, 
the mixture should neither be colored, nor should evolve ammoniacal, 
nor glutinous odor. 

If 1 ccm. of it be gently warmed with 1 ccm. of dilute sulphuric 
acid, no disagreeable, rancid odor should be evolved. 

GOSSYPIUM ACIDI BORICI. 

Boric Acid Cotton. 
Take 

Borio Acid 11 pts. 

dissolve it in 

Distilled Water 187 i>/«. 

in the resulting solution, soak 



GOSSYPI. ACID. BOR. GOSSYPI. DEPUR. 155 

Purified Cotton . 90 pts, 

aft^r 2 hours, press till the whole becomes 270 parts ; spread and dry 
till the whole weigh 100 parts. 

Boric Acid Cotton contains aboat 10 per cent, of boric acid. 

Keep well closed. 

GOSSYPIUM CARBOUSATUM 

Carbolic Acid Cotton. 

Take 

Liquefied Carbolic Acid 6 pt^. 

dissolve it in 

Alcohol 130 pts. 

in the resulting solution^ soak 

Purified Cotton 100 pu 

after 24 hours, dry it at ordinary temperatures. 
Carbolic Acid Cotton contains about 5 per cent, of carbolic acid. 
Keep well closed. 

GOSSYPIUM DEPURATUM. 

Purified Cotton. 

The white hairs of the seed of several species of Gossypium, freed 
from fiitty matter. 

Purified Cotton should be mixed with no more than a very small 
quantity, if any, of cotton flocks and brown seed crusts. 

Aft«r moistening with water, it should not affect the test-papers. 

The solution, prepared by extracting 1 part of it with 10 parts 
of boiling water, should produce no more than an opalescence with 
a solution of silver nitrate, barium nitrate, or of ammonium oxalate ; 
a mixture of 10 parts of the same solution with 2 or 3 drops of 
sulphuric acid and 3 drops of potassium permanganate solution, should 
not decolorise within a few minutes. 

When thrown on the surface of water, it should readily be soaked 
and sink immediately. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 0,3 per cent, of 
solid residue. 



156 GOSSYPI. U\DRAB. BICHLO.— ^-GOSSYPI. SALIOYL. 



GOSSYPIUM HYDRARGYRI BICHLORATL 

Corrosive Sublimate Cotton. 

Take 

Mercaric Chloride 2 pts. 

Potassitim Chloride 2pu. 

dissolve them ia 

DistUled Water 1500 i>te. 

in the resulting solution^ soak 

Purified Cotton 1000 pis. 

press ; spread and dry by a gentle heat. 

Corrosive Sublimate Cotton contains about 0.2 per cent, of mercuric 
chloride. 

Keep with care, well closed and protected from light. 

GOSSYPIUM lODOFORMIATUM. 

Iodoform Cotton. 

Take 

Iodoform . •' 5 pis. 

Liquid Paraffin 5 pis. 

dissolve them in 

Ether 90 p^. 

in the resulting solution, soak 

Purified Cotton 90 pu. 

press lightly so as to make the whole uniformly yellow colored and 
dry at ordinary temperatures. 

Iodoform Cotton contains about 5 per cent, of iodoform. 

Keep well closed. 

GOSSYPIUM SALICYLATUM. 

Salicylic Acid Cotton. 

Dissolve 
Salicylic Aoid 55 pis. 



GOSSYPI. SALICYL. GUAIAOOL. 157 

Glycerin 100 pts, 

ia a mixture of 

Alcohol 700 pin. 

DistiUed Water 700 pts. 

in the resulting solution, soak 

Purified Cotton 1000 pis. 

press ; spread and dry by a gentle heat. 

Salicylic Acid Cotton contains about 5 per cent, of salicylic acid. 
Keep well closed. 



GdSSYPIUM STYPTICUM. 

Styptic Cotton. 

Take 

Ferric Chloride Solution 25 p/^. 

Alcohol 15 pts. 

mix them together ; in the resulting mixture, soak purified cotton ; 
press ; spread and dry, protecting from light. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 

GUAIACOLUM. 

Guaiaeol. 

A dear, colorless, strongly refractive, oily liquid, or a colorless, 
crystalline solid, having a characteristic, aromatic odor ; soluble in 
about 80 parts of water, clearly miscible with alcohol, ether, and 
with carbon disulphide. Specific gravity : 1 .1 20 — 1 ,143. Melting point : 
about 28^ C. 

An aqueous solution of Guaiaeol acquires, with a drop of ferric 
chloride solution (1 : 20), a dark blue color, changing quickly to a 
reddish-brown, while its alcoholic solution therewith acquires a green 
color, changing immediately to blue, and finally to a brown color. 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 2 volumes of sodium hydroxide 
solution, the mixture is clear, and on diluting with 10 volumes of 
water, it should remain also clear and colorless. 



158 GUAIAOOL. GUM, ARAB. 

A mixture of 1 volume of it with 2 volumes of potassium hydroxide 
solution should solidify, after a short time, to a white, crystalline mass. 
Keep with care, protected from light. 



GUAIACOLUM CARBONICUM. 

Guaiacol Carbonate. 

(C7H70)2C03= 274.14 

A white, crystalline powder, almost tasteless and odorless; in- 
soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, but readily soluble in 
boiling alcohol, chloroform, and in benzene. Melting point : about 
88° C. 

If Guaiacol Carbonate be dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of 
alcohol and potassium hydroxide solution, the alcohol evaporated off by 
heating on a water-bath, the remaining liquid shaken up with dilute 
sulphuric acid and ether, the ethereal solution separated and evapor- 
ated to dryness, then the residue here obtained, l)as the odor of 
guaiacol, and when dissolved in alcohol, it produces a green coloration 
with dilute ferric chloride solution. 

When boiled with freshly prepared, clear, alcoholic potash solution 
for a few minutes, it produces a crystalline precipitate which, after 
being washed with absolute alcohol, evolves carbonic acid gas on 
mixing with hydrochloric acid. 

The solution, obtained by dissolving 0.1 g. of it in 10 ccm. of hot 
alcohol, should acquire no blue color with a few drops of ferric chloride 
solution. 

It should dissolve with no coloration in sulphuric acid. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of it should leave no solid residue. 



GUMMI ARABICUM. 
Gum Arabic. 
A gummy exudation, solidified in the air, and collected from 



GUM. ARAB. OUT. PER. DEPUR. 159 

the stems and branches of Acacia Senegal Willd., and of several 
other species of Acacia. 

More or less round, colorless or slightly yellow-colored masses of 
various sizes, which are marked with external fissures; very brittle 
and easily broken into conchylaceously angular, vitreous, sometimes 
faintly iridescent fragments. 

If 1 part of Gum Arabic be mixed with 2 parts of water, it dis- 
solves slowly but completely, and forms a viscid, light yellowish, 
odorless mucilage, with an insipid taste and a faintly acid reaction ; 
the resulting mucilage is clearly miscible with lead acetate solution, 
but yields a precipitate with lead subacetate solution, even when it 
is so diluted that 1 part of the gum is contained in 50,000 parts of water. 
When mixed with alcohol and ferric chloride solution, the same 
mucilage solidifies to a gelatinous mass. 

Its aqueous solution (1:3) acquires, with ferric chloride solution, 
a dark green color. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 3 per cent, of 
solid residue. 



GUTTA PERCHA. 

Gutta Percha. 

The dried milky juice, collected from various plants of the family 
SapotacesD. 

Dark brown masses, becoming soft and plastic in hot water, and 
solidifying again on cooling ; soluble in warm chloroform, leaving 
no more than a little residue. 



GUTTA PERCHA DEPURATA. 

Purified Gutta Percha. 

White or yellowish-white sticks, 4— 5 mm. in diameter. 
Purified Gutta Percha becomes plastic at 65°— 70° C, and melts 
at 100** C. 



V 



160 GUTTI HERB. CANNA. IND. 

GUTTI. 

Gamboge. 

A gum-resin obtained from Garcinia Hanhuryi Hook.- fil., in 
form of cylindrical pieces, about 7 cm. in diameter, or agglutinated 
masses of a greenish-yellow color, easily broken into pieces, dark 
lemon-yellow in color, with flat, conchoidal and opaque iBracture. 

If 1 part of Gamboge be rubbed with 2 parts of water, a fine 
yellow emulsion of a burning taste is obtained, which, with 1 part 
of ammonia water, becomes clear and acquires a fine red color chang- 
ing finally to brown ; on neutralising the ammonia in this mixture, a 
yellow, flocculent precipitate is produced, while the liquid loses its color. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than, 1 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 

HERBA ABSINTHII. 
Worm Wood, 

The wild or cultivated plants of Artemisia AbsiTdhium Linn., 
collected and dried in the flowering season. 

The radical leaves are long petioled and 3-pinnately parted with 
narrowly lanceolate lobes. The lower cauline leaves are 1- or 2-pin- 
nately and the upper 1-pinnately parted. The inflorescence is a 
capitulate panicle and springs mostly singly from the axil of a pointed 
lanceolate or spatulate bract. The small capitula are nearly spherical 
and consist exclusively of tubular flowers which are about 3 mm. 
broad. The leaves and the stems are, especially in the wild plant, 
covered with dull gray to silver-gray, silky hairs. 

Worm Wood has an aromatic odor and a strongly bitter taste. 

HERBA CANNABIS INDIOE, 
Indian Hemp. 
The dried twigs, or warty, stiflP-haired leaves and undeveloped 



H£KB. CANNA. IND. HERB. LOBELI. 161 

fruits, detached from the twigs of the female plants of Cannabis 
sativa Linn., collected at the commencement of the ripening of the 
fruits, in the northern parts of India. 

The leaflets are narrowly lanceolate, coarsely toothed, broken or ad- 
hering into a mass together .^th withered spikes. The drug should 
contain only a few pieces of lignified stems and ovoid, angular fruits, 
attaining a length of 5 mm. 

Indian Hemp has a characteristic sharp odor, and when examined 
under the microscope, cystoliths and oil-glands, besides abundant hairs, 
should be found. It has no striking taste. 

Keep with care. 



HERBA CARDUI BENEDICTI. 
Blessed Thistle. 

The dried leaves and flowering twigs of Cnicua benediciua Linn. 

The radical leaves are 5— 30 cm. long, narrowly or linear-lanceo- 
late, pointed at the apex, passing gradually into a 3-edged, winged 
petiole below, and toothed in a fin-like manner or pinnatified. The 
iipper cauline leaves decrease gradually in size ; the uppermost ones 
are sessile and surround the stem. The solitary flower head is 
shorter than bracts ; the outer leaves of the involucre are ovate, pass- 
ing into spines bearing hairs on the edge, and the inner ones are 
narrower and converted into a pinnate spine. 

Blessed Thistle has a bitter taste. 



HERBA LOBELI/€. 

Indian Tobacco. 

The dried flowering plants of Lobelia injlata Linn. 

The stem is beset with hairs, especially on the edges, and bears 
ovate or oblong leaves which are sparsely hairy, pointed at the apex 
and irregularly toothed at the margin. The flowers have a whitish 
or pale bluish 2-lipped corolla. The capsule is obovoid, thin-walled, 



162 HEEtfi. LOBELI. HIRUDIN. 

10-ribbed, crowned with the calyx, 2-celled, about 0.5—0.7 mm. long, 
and contains numerous, brown reticulate seeds. 
Indian Tobacco has a sharp and acrid taste. 

HEXAMETHYLENTETRAMINUM. 

Hexamethylene Tetramine. 
CeHi2N4«: 140.28 

A white, crystalline, odorless powder, having a sweet, followed by 
a slightly bitter, taste ; soluble in 1.3 parts of water, showing a 
faintly alkaline reaction, soluble also in about 8.5 parts of alcohol, but 
almost insoluble in ether. When heated, it sublimes without melting. 

If an aqueous solution (1: 10) of Hexamethylenetetramine be heated 
with dilute sulphuric acid, the odor of formaldehyde is evolved, and 
on the subsequent addition of an excess of sodium hydroxide solution, 
ammonia is evolved. 

lis aqueous solution (1 : 10) produ9es, on mixing with nitric acid, 
a precipitate which disappears on adding water ; the same solutioa 
also produces, with a solution either of tannic acid or of mercuric 
chloride, a white precipitate. 

It should dissolve with no coloration in sulphuric acid. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 50) should, after being acidified with 
nitric acid, produce no more than an opalescence with a solution 
either of silver nitrate, or of barium nitrate. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 10) should not be affected by hydrogen 
sulphide solution. 

On heating, it should be consumed without leaving any solid residue. 

HIRUDINES. 

Leech. 

Leeches, Hirudo nipponica Whit., weigh usually 0.25— 0.36 g., mostly 
yellowish-green in color, the under sur&ce being lighter than the 
upper sur&ce, which bears 5 yellow longitudinal lines, narrowing in 
breadth or interrupted at every 5 joints, the middle one being usually 



HIRUDIN. HYDRARG YR. 1 63 

broad and conspicuous. Yellow lines are usually found also on both 
flanks. 



HOMATROPINUM HYDROBROMICUM. 

Homatropine Hydrobromide. 
CeHjiNOa-HBr =356.22 

A white, odorless, crystalline powder, readily soluble in water. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of Homatropine Hyrobromide produces, 
with a solution either of mercuric chloride or of potassium hydroxide, 
a white precipitate soluble in excess of the latter ; the same solution 
produces a brown precipitate with iodine solution, and a light yellow 
precipitate with silver nitrate solution. 

If 0.01 g. of the salt be mixed with 5 drops of fuming nitric acid 
in a porcelain dish, and evaporated to dryness on a water-bath, an 
almost colorless residue is obtained, and after cooling, the same residue 
produces, with alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution, a violet color- 
ation, quickly passing to a reddish-yellow. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20) should be neutral to test-papers, and 
should be precij^itated neither by tannic add solution, nor, after 
being acidified with hydrochloric acid, by platinum chloride solution 

On ignition, 0.02 g. of the salt should leave no solid residue. 

Keep with special care. 

HYDRARGYRUM. 
Mercury. 
B^= 200.3 

A liquid metal, with a silver-like lustre, volatilising completely 
on heating. 

Mercury should dissolve completely in nitric add, and volatilise 
completely when heated in a test-tube. 

It should have no moisture. 



1 64 HYBRAB. BICHIiOB. HYDRAR. BHOD. 



HYDRARGYRUM BICHLORATUM. 

Mercuric Chloride. 
HgCl,=271.2 

Wliite, transparent, heavy, radiated, crystalline masses, or acieular 
crystals, or a white crystalline powder, soluble in 16 parts of water, 
3 parts of boiling water, 3 parts of alcohol, and in 12 — 14 parts of 
ether. 

An aqueous solution of Mercuric Chloride shows an acid reaction,, 
but becomes neutral on adding sodium chloride. 

Tlie aqueous solution of the salt yields, on adding lime water, % 
reddish precipitate, and on adding silver nitrate solution, a white 
precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric add. 

"When heated in a glass tube, it sliould melt at first and thea 
volatilise completely. 

If tlie aqueous solution of the salt be warmed and supersaturated 
with hydrogen sulphide, until complete precipitation is effected, and 
filtered, the filtrate should leave no residue on evaporation, and if 
the precipitate be shaken with ammonia water and filtered, the fil- 
trate, on being acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, should acquire 
no yellow color. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no more 
than an opalescence with barium cliloride solution. 

Keep with special care. 



HYDRARGYRUM BIIODATUM. 

Mercuric Iodide. 

HgTo=454 

A scarlet-red powder wliich, when heated, first becomes yellow,, 
then melts, and on further Iieating, volatilises completely and form* 
a yellow sublimate which becomes red on cooling ; almost insoluble 



HYDRAE. BHOD. HYDRAR. CHLOR. 165 

in water, but soluble in 130 parts of alcohol, in 20 parts of boiling 
alcohol, and also in potassium iodide solution. 

On heating Mercuric Iodide with a mixture of sodium hydroxide 
solution and a small quantity of milk sugar, metallic mercury is 
deposited. 

When heated with manganese dioxide and sulphutic acid, it evolves 
a violet vapor. 

The cold alcoholic solution of the salt should be colorless and not 
redden a blue litmus paper. 

If 1 part of the salt be shaken with 20 parts of water and filtered, 
the filtrate should become only slightly colored, if at all, by hydro- 
gen sulphide solution, and give no more than a slight opalescence 
with silver nitrate solution. 

Keep with special care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM CHLORATUM. CaUmielas. 

Mercurous Chloride. Calomel. 

Hg2Cl2=471.5 

A yellowish-white, heavy, impalpable powder, showing, when ex- 
amined under the microscope magnifying 100 times, a crystalline 
structure ; insoluble in water, and ia alcohol. 

Mercurous Chloride blackens with ammonia water, and when heated 
with anhydrous sodium carbonate in a dry test-tube, it deposits metallic 
mercury. 

When heated in a glass tube, the salt should completely volatilise 
without melting, and on heating it with sodium hydroxide solution, 
no ammonia should be evolved. 

If 1 g. of the salt be shaken with 10 ccm of dilute alcohol and 
filtered, the filtrate should produce no change witli a solution either 
of hydrogen sulphide, or of silver nitrate. 

Keep with care^ protected from light. 



166 HYPKAB. CHL. VAP. PAR. ^HYDBA. C CRE. 



HYDRARGYRUM CHLORATUM VAPORE 

PARATUM. 

Mercurous Chloride Prepared by Steam. 

Hg,C%=471.5 

A white powder, becoming yellowish on being strongly rubbed; 
appearing, when examined under tlie microscope magnifying 100 
times as small, isolated crystals ; insoluble in water, and in alcohol. 

The salt blackens with ammonia water, and on heating with an- 
hydrous sodium carbonate in a dry test-tube, it deposits metallic 
mercury. 

"When heated in a glass tube, the salt should completely volatilise 
without melting, and on heating it with sodium hydroxide solution, 
no ammonia should be evolved* ' 

If 1 g. of the salt be shaken with 10 com of dilute alcohol and 
filtered, the resulting filtrate should produce no change with a solution 
either of hydr(^en sulphide, or of silver nitrate. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. 
Mercury with Chalk. 

Take 

Mercury Ipt, 

Prepared Chalk 2pts. 

rub them together, until the mixture acquires a uniform gray color, 
and metallic globules are not visible by the naked eye. 

A gray powder ; no globules of qietallic mercury should be visible 
by the naked eye. 



HYDRAR. lODAT. HYDRAR. OLEIN. 1 67 



HYDRARGYRUM lODATUM. 

Mercurous Iodide. 
HgA=t 664.3 

A greenish-yellow, amorphous, heavy powder, insoluble in aloohol 
and almost insoluble in water. 

When shaken with an excess of potassium iodide solution, Mercu- 
rous Iodide becomes gray colored owing to the separation of metallic 
mercury. On heating the salt with manganese dioxide and sulphuric 
acid, a violet vapor is evolved. 

When heated in a glass tube, it should volatilise completely. If 
1 part of the salt be shaken with 20 parts of aloohol and filtered, 
the resulting filtrate should undergo almost no change with hydrogen 
sulphide solution. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM OLEINICUM. 
Mercuric Oleate. 

Take 

Mercuric Chloride ... 32 pts. 

dissolve it in 

Distilled Water 320 pis. 

and afi;er triturating 

Medical Soap . ' . 64pts. 

with 

Oleic Acid 3.6 pis. 

dissolve the resulting mixture in 

Distilled Water . . . . 352 pts. 

mix these 2 solutions ; boil for 10 minutes and let the precipitate 
subside ; decant the supernatant liquid ; wash the precipitate 
several times with boiling water, until the washing gives almost no 
turbidity with silver nitrate solution; finally dry it on a water-bath. 



168 HYDKAB. OLEIN. HYDRAB. OXYD. FLAV. 



Mercuric Oleate is a light grayish-yellow substance of ointment-like 
consistence, having a somewhat saponaceous odor. 
Keep with care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM OXYDATUM FLAVUM. 

Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 

HgO= 216.3 

Take 

Mercuric Chloride . 2 pu 

dissolve it in 

Warm Distilled Water 40 pu. 

pour the solution gradually^ under agitation, into a cold mixture of 

Sodium Hydroxide Solution 6 pu> 

Distilled Water 10 pu. 

set aside, with constant stirring, for an hour at a proper tempera- 
ture ; wash the precipitate here obtained completely with warm 
distilled water, until the washing produces no change with silver 
nitrate solution and dry at 30° C, protecting from light. 

A yellow, amorphous, heavy powder, almost completely insoluble 
in water, but readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid. 

When heated in a glass tube, Yellow Mercuric Oxide volatilises, 
separating metallic mercury. 

If 0.6 g. of it be warmed, under frequent agitation, with 10 ccm. of 
oxalic acid solution (1 : 10) on a water-bath, it should gradually 
change into a white, crystalline powder. 

If it be shaken with water and filtered, the filtrate should pro- 
duce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If it be dissolved in water previously acidified with nitric acid, 
the resulting solution (1 : 50 j should be clear, and produce no more 
than an opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

On heating 0.2 g. of it, no weighable solid residue should be obtain- 
ed. 

Keep with special care, protected from light. 



HYDRAR. OXYD. RUB. HYDRAR. PRECI. ALB. 169 



HYDRARGYRUM OXYDATUM RUBRUM. 

Red Mercuric Oxide. 
HgO=216.3 

A yellowish-red, fine, crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, 
but readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid. 

When heated in a glass tube, it volatilises with separation of 
metallic mercury. 

If 0.5 g. of Red Mercuric Oxide be warmed, under frequent shaking, 
with 10 ccm. of oxalic acid solution (1 : 10) on a water-bath, it should 
remain unchanged even after 2 Iiours. 

If 1 g. of it be shaken with 2 ccm, of water, and 2 ccm. of sulphuric 
acid added; and after cooling, 2 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution be 
carefully poured on to the mixture so as to make 2 layers of liquids, 
no brownish ring should be formed at their contact surface, even 
after a long standing. 

If it be dissolved in water previously acidified with nitric acid, the 
resulting solution (1 : 50) should be clear, and produce no more than 
an opalescence witli silver nitrate solution. 

On heating 0.2 g. of it, no weighable solid residue should be obtained. 

Keep with special care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM PRyCCIPITATUM ALBUM. 

Ammoniated Mercury. 

HgCl.NH2= 251.81 

Take 

Mercuric Chloride 2 pts. 

dissolve it in 

Warm distilled Water ^0 pts. 

filter after cooling ; gradually add to the filtrate, under stirring^ 
more than 3 parts of ammonia water ; collect the precipitate, here 



170 HYDRAR. PRJECI. ALB. HYDRAR, SAI.ICYL. 

produced by a slight excess of ammonia water, on a filter ; after the 
liquid has been sufl&ciently drained, wash it with 

Distilled Water 18 pis. 

and dry the precipitate between the sheets of filter-papers at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 30° C, protecting from light. 

White, pulverulent pieces, or a white, amorphous powder, almost 
insoluble in water, and in alcohol, but soluble in dilute hydro- 
chloric or warm, dilute nitric acid, and also in sodium thiosulphatc 
solution. 

When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, Ammoniated Mer- 
cury evolves ammonia and turns yellow. 

It should completely dissolve in warm acetic acid. 

On heating strongly in a glass tube, it should completely volatilise 
without melting. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



HYDRARGYRUM SALICYLICUM. 

Mercuric Salicylate. 
HgC7HA= 336.34 

A white, odorless, tasteless, amorphous powder, almost insoluble in 
water, and in alcohol, but soluble in a solution either of sodium 
hydroxide, or of sodium carbonate, and also soluble in a warm, 
solution of sodium chloride. 

If 0.1 g. of Mercuric Salicylate be shaken with 5 com. of water,, 
and ferric chloride solution added, a violet coloration is produced. 
On heating 0.1 g. of the salt with a small piece of iodine in a test- 
tube, red mercuric iodide is formed on the inner surface of the tube. 

If 0.2 g. of the salt be dissolved in 2 ccm. of sodium hydroxide 
solution, an almost colorless and clear solution sliould be obtained. 

If 0.3g. of the salt and 3g. of sodium chloride l>e dissolved in lOOccm. 
ol foiling water and diluted with water to 400 ccm., and be acidified 
with q. few drops of hydrochloric acid, then the black precipitate^ 
producelLby supersaturating it with hydrogen sulphide, should weigh,, 
when driei, not less than 0.2 g. 

It should not immediately redden a blue litmus paper moistened 



HYDRAR. SALICYL. IXFUS. SEN. OOMP. 171 

\vitli water, and on heating strongly in a porcelain crucible, it should 
volatilise without leaving any residue. 
Keep with special care. 



INFUSA. 

Infusions. 

In order to prepare infusions, pour boiling water on the prescribed 
medicament which must be finely cut if necessary; heat fcr 5 minutes, 
with frequent shaking, on a water-bath and strain after cooling. 

In cases when the quantity of the medicaments to be used is not 
given in the prescription, take as much as will make 10 parts 
of the strained liquid for each 1 part of the medicament taken. 
The quantity of energetic or powerful medicaments should always be 
prescribed by the physician. 



INFUSUM SENN/E COMPOSITUM. 

Compound Infusion of Senna. 
Take 



I, medium cut 50 pts. 

pour on them 

Boiling Water 450 pis, 

extract by heating for 5 minutes on a water-bath ; strain after 

cooling ; in the strained liquid dissolve 

Potassium Sodium Tartrate 50 pt8. 

Sodium Carbonate I p^- 

MaTina 100 pts. 

add boiling water to make the whole quantity up to 475 parts; 
mix this solution with 

Alcohol 26 pt«. 

set aside for 24 hours to subside and decant the clear, supernatant 
liquid. 



172 lODOFORMIUM lODUM 



lODOFORMIUM. 

Iodoform, 
CHl3= 393.56 

Lustrous, yellow, fine laminse, or a crystalliue powder, with a 
fatty feeling when touched, and a penetrating odor somewhat resem- 
bling that of saflfron ; almost insoluble in water, but soluble in about 
80 parts of cold or 10 parts of boiling alcohol, and also in 6 parts of 
ether. Melting point: about 120° C. 

If 1 g. of Iodoform be shaken with 10 parts of water for 1 minute 
and filtered, the filtrate should be colorless and neutral to test-papers ; 
the same filtrate should neither be rendered more than iaintly 
opalescent by silver nitrate solution, nor should it undergo any change 
with barium nitrate solution. 

On heating 0.1 g. of it, no weighable solid residue should be obtained. 

Keep with care. 



lODUM. 

Iodine. 

I -r 126.85 

Dry, grayish-black, rliombic plates or laminaj, with a metallic 
lustre and a characteristic odor ; soluble in about 5000 parts of water, 
and with a brown color in 10 parts of alcohol ; largely soluble, with 
a brown color, in ether and also in potassium iodide solution, but 
soluble with a violet color both in chloroform and in carbon disulphide. 

When heated in a glass tube. Iodine emits a violet vapor ; it colors 
a starch solution blue. 

It contains not less than 98.3 9^ of pure iodine, and should volati- 
lise completely when heated. 

Shake 0.5 g. of it in coarse powder with 20 ccm. of water and 
filter; after decolorising a part of the filtrate with sulphurous acid, 



lODUM ^KALI CAUST. 1 73 



warm it gently with small qnantities each, of sodium hydroxide 
solution^ and of ferrous sulphate solution^ and with 6 drops of ferric 
chloride solution, and cool ; then on supersaturating it with a slight 
excess of hydrochloric acid, no blue coloration should be produced. 
After adding an excess of ammonia water to another part of the filtrate, 
add silver nitrate solution in excess, until a complete precipitation 
takes place, and filter, the resulting filtrate, on being supersaturated 
with nitric acid, should become merely turbid and produce no preci- 
pitate. Another part of the filtrate should produce no change with 
barium nitrate solution. 

If 0.2 g. of it and 1 g. of potassium iodide be dissolved in 20 
ccm. of water, the resulting solution should require, for its complete 
decoloration, at least 15.5 ccm. of decinormal sodium thiosulphate 
solution. 

Keep with care, in glass-stoppered bottles. 



KALI CAUSTICUM. 

Caustic Potash. 
KOH=56.16 

White, dry masses, or pencils, with a strongly caustic nature and a 
crystalline fracture ; deliquescent in the air ; easily soluble in water. 

Caustic Potash should contain not less than 90.26 9^ of pure potassium 
hydroxide. 

An aqueous solution of caustic potasli, when mixed with an excess 
of tartaric acid solution, produces, after a short time, a white crystal- 
line precipitate. 

The solution of 1 g. of it in 2 ccm. of water, on being mixed with 
10 ccm. of alcohol, should yield only a very slight precipitate after a 
short time. 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of water and heated to boiling 
with 1 5 ccm. of lime water, and filtered, the resulting filtrate, on being 
poured into an excess of nitric acid, should produce no effervescence. 

If 2 ccm. of a dilute sulphuric acid solution (1 : 20) of it and 
2 ccm. of sulphuric acid be mixed and cooled, and 1 ccm. of a satu- 



1 74 KALI CAUST. KALI. BICARB. 



rated ferrous sulphate solution be added so as to form 2 layers of 
liquids, no brownish ring should be produced at their contact 
surface. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 50), after being acidified with nitric add, 
should neither \ye affected immediately by barium nitrate solution, nor 
should it produce any more than an opalescence with a solution of 
silver nitrate. 

To neutralise 10 ccm. of the solution, obtained by dissolving 5.6 g. 
of it in 100 ccm. of water, at least 9 ccm. of normal hydrochloric acid 
solution should be required. 

Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



KALIUM BICARBONICUM. 

Potassium Bicarbonate. 
KHCO3=100.16 

Dry, colorless, transparent crystals, slowly soluble in 4 parts of 
water, showing a slightly alkaline reaction, but insoluble in absolute 
alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Bicarbonate, when mixed with an 
excess of tartaric acid solution, effervesces and yields, after a short time 
a white crystalline precipitate. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 20), after being acidified with nitric acid, 
should be affected neither by barium nitrate solution, nor by hydrogen 
sulphide solution ; the same solution should produce no more than an 
opalescence with silver nitrate solution ; 20 ccm. of the same solution, 
afl;er being acidified with hydrochloric acid, should aajuire no blue 
coloration with 0.5 ccm. of tlie solution of yellow prussiate of pota^. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the salt, 10 ccm. of normal hydrochloric acid 
solution should be required. 

When strongly heated, it should leave 69 per cent of solid residue, 
acquiring no black color at the same time. 



KALIUM BITARTARICUM 175 



KALIUM BITARTARICUM. 

Potassium Bitartrate. 
KC^ftOe* 188.2 

White, hard crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, showing an 
acid reaction ; soluble in 1 92 parts of water, in 20 parts of boiling 
water, and in sodium hydroxide solution ; also soluble with efferves- 
cence in }K>tassium carbonate solution, but insoluble in alcohol. 

When heated. Potassium Bitartrate carbonises, emitting an odor 
like that of burning sugar, and finally leaves an alkaline residue 
which, if dissolved in water and filtered, gives a filtrate, producing, 
with an excess of tartaric acid, a white crystalline precipitate easily 
soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. 

It should contain not less than 97.86 per cent of pure potassium 
bitartrate. 

If 5 g. of the powdered salt be shaken with 100 ccm. of water and 
filtered, the resulting filtrate, afler being acidified with dilute nitric 
acid, should neither produce any more than a slight turbidity, if at 
all, with barium nitrate solution, nor should it produce any more 
than an opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

A solution of 1 g. of the salt in ammonia water should not be 
affected by hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed, under occasional shaking, with 5 ccm. 
of acetic acid, and after half an hour, 25 ccm. of water be added and 
allowed to settle, then the resulting clear solution, on being mixed with 
8 drops of ammonium oxalate solution, should produce no change 
within a minute. 

On heating the salt with sodium hydroxide solution, no ammonia 
should be evolved. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the dry, powdered salt, at least 5.2 ccm. of 
normal potassium hydroxide solution should be required. 



176 KALI. BROM. KAL. CAKB. 



KALIUM BROMATUM. 

Potassium Bromide. 

KBr=110.11 

Lustrous, white, cubical crystals, permanent in the air ; soluble in 
2 parts of water, and in about 200 parts of alcohol. 

If an aqueous solution (1 : 20) of Potassium Iodide be mixed with 
a small quantity of chlorine water, and shaken with ether or chloro- 
form, the latter is colored reddish-brown; the same aqueous solution, 
on being mixed with an excess of tartaric acid solution, also produces 
a white, crystalline precipitate after a short time. 

On heating the salt upon a platinum wire loop in a non-luminous 
flame, no yellow color should be imparted to the latter. 

If 1 or 2 drops of dilute sulphuric acid be poured on the powdered 
salt placed in a white porcelain dish, no yellow color should imme- 
diately be produced. 

The powdered salt sliould not change a red litmus paper, moistened 
with water, to a violet-blue. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no change 
with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, or of barium nitrate, 
and also with dilute sulphuric acid ; 20 ccm of the same solution, after 
being acidified with 1 or 2 drops of hydrochloric acid, should 
acquire no blue coloration with 0.5 ccm of the solution of yellow 
prussiate of potash. 

If 10 ccm. of the solution, prepared by dissolving 3 g. of the salt, 
dried at 100° C, in 100 ccm. of water, be mixed with 1 or 2 drops 
of potassium chromate solution, the resulting mixture should require, 
for the production of a permanent red color, not more than 25.4 ccm. 
of decinormal silver nitrate solution. 



KALIUM CARBONICUM. 
Potassium Carbonate. 
K,C03 = 138.3 
A white, granular powder of a hygroscopic nature, showing a 



KALIUM CARBONICITM 177 



strongly alkaline reaction ; soluble in equal parts of water, but 
insoluble in absolute alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of the salt, when mixed with an excess of 
tartaric acid solution, effervesces and produces a white, crystalline 
precipitate. 

The salt should contain not less than 94.7 per cent, of pure 
potassium carbonate. 

On heating it upon a platinum wire loop in a non-luminous 
flame, no permanent yellow color should be imparted to the latter. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should not be affected by 
hydrogen sulphide solution ; 1 volume of the same aqueous solution, 
when mixed with 10 volumes of decinormal silver nitrate solution, 
should yield a yellowish-white precipitate which, on heating gently, 
should acquire no dark color ; the same aqueous solution, after being 
warmed gently with small quantities of a solution of ferrous sulphate 
and of ferric chloride, should produce no blue coloration on being 
supersaturated with an exce&s of hydrochloric acid. 

If 2 ccm. of a dilute sulphuric acid solution of the salt be mixed 
with an equal volume of sulphuric acid, and after cooling, 1 ccm. of 
ferrof^s sulphate solution be poured upon it so as to form 2 layers 
of liquids, no brownish color should be produced at their contact 
surface. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should, after being super- 
saturated with acetic acid, produce no change with a solution either 
of hydrogen sulphide, or of barium nitrate ; after supersaturating the 
same solution with dilute nitric acid, no more than an opalescence 
should be produced, after 2 minutes, with silver nitrate solution ; the 
same solution should produce no more than a slight turbidity, if 
any, with ammonium molybdate solution. 

If 20 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 20) be supersaturated with 
hydrochloric acid, the resulting solution should acquire, with 0.5 ccm. 
of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no blue coloration. 

If 10 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 10) of the salt be super- 
saturated with dilute sulphuric acid, the resisting solution should not 
decolorise more than 5 drops of potassium permanganate solution. 

To neutralise 1 g. of the salt, at least 13.7 ccm. of normal hydro- 
chloric acid solution should be required. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



178 KALI. CARB. CEUD. ^KALI. CHLORAT. 

KALIUM CARBONICUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Potassium Carbonate. 

A white, dry, granular powder, almost completely soluble in equal 
parts of water, and showing a strongly alkaline reaction. 

An aqueous solution of Crude Potassium Carbonate, when mixed 
with an excess of tartaric acid solution, effervesces and produces a 
white, crystalline precipitate. 

It contains not less than 89.8 per cent of pure potassium carbonate 
(KsC03=138.3). 

To neutralise 1 g. of the salt, at least 1 3 ccm. of normal hydro- 
chloric acid solution should be required. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



KALIUM CHLORATUM. 

Potassium Chloride. 
KC1=74.6 

White, cubical crystals, or a white, crystalline ix)wder, having a 
bitter, saline taste ; permanent in the air ; soluble in 3 parts of 
water, and showing a neutral reaction, but insoluble in absolute 
alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Chloride produces, with an exoess 
of tartaric acid solution, a white, crystalline precipitate after a short 
time, and also produces, with silver nitrate solution, a white, curdy 
precipitate soluble in ammonia water. 

When heated on a platinum wire loop in a non-luminous flame^ it 
should impart no permanent yellow color to the latter. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should imdergo no change 
with a solution of hydrogen sulphide, barium nitrate, or of sodium 
bicarbonate ; 20 ccm. of the same solution should produce, with 0.5 ocm. 
of the solution of yello.v prussiate of potash, no blue coloration. 



KALI. CHLORIC. KALI. FERRO-TARTAR. 179 



KALIUM CHLORICUM. 

Potassium Chlorate. 
KC103= 122.6 

Colorless, lustrous laminae, or small plates, or a crystalline powder, 
soluble in 16 parts of water, in 2 parts of boiling water, and in 130 
parts of alcohol, showing a neutral reaction. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Chlorate, when heated with 
hydrochloric acid, evolves a greenish-yellow gas, and, when mixed 
with an excess of tartaric acid solution, produces a white, crystalline 
precipitate after a short time. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should undergo no change 
with a solution of hydrogen sulphide, ammonium oxalate, or of 
silver nitrate ; 20 ccm. of the same solution should produce, with 
0.5 ocm. of the solution of yellow prnssiate of potash, no blue coloration. 

If 1 g. of the salt be mixed with 5 ccm. of sodium hydroxide 
solution, and 0.5 g. each, of zinc and of iron powder, and heated, no 
ammonia should be evolved. 

Keep with care. 



KALIUM FERRO-TARTARICUM. 

Potassium Iron Tartrate. 

KFeC^HA =259.19 

Take 

Ferric Sulphate Solution 12 pts, 

dilute it with 

Distilled Water 120 pi9> 

pour the diluted solution, under agitation, into 

Ammonia Water 10 pu. 

previously diluted with 

Distilled Water 20 pts. 

wash the precipitate here produced with distilled water, until the 



1 80 KALI. FEBRO-TARTAR. KALI. lODAT. 

washing gives only a very slight turbidity with barium nitrate 
solution ; to the moist precipitate, add 

Distilled Water 30 i>m. 

Potassium Bitartrate 4 }>'«. 

dissolve them by stirring on a water-bath at a tem})erature not 
exceeding 60° C. ; filter while the solution is still warm ; after allow- 
ing the filtrate to stand in a cool and dark place for 24 liours, 
filter again ; evaporate the filtrate to a syrupy consistence, and dry 
it in form of a thin film by heating gently on glass plates, till it can 
be removed as small scales. 

A lustrous, transparent, reddish-brown, small scales, showing a 
neutral reaction ; slightly hygroscopic ; very easily soluble in water, 
but insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Iron Tartrate produces, only 
after the addition of hydrochloric acid, a blue coloration with a 
solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

If its concentrated aqueous solution be boiled with an excess of 
potassium hydroxide solution, and filtered after the iron has com- 
pletely been precipitated, then the resulting filtrate, on being acidified 
with acetic acid, yields a white, crystalline precipitate. 

Its aqueous solution (1:5) should produce no precipitate with 
ammonia water, and should evolve, when heated with sodium hy- 
droxide solution, no odor of ammonia. 

If 1 g. of the salt be strongly heated, it should evolve an odor like 
that of burning sugar, and leave about 0.6 g. of a brown residue 
which reacts strongly alkaline, and should contain about 0.3 parts of 
ferric oxide. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



KALIUM lODATUM. 

Potassium Iodide. 

KI=166 

Wliite, dry, cubical crystals, soluble in 0.75 parts of water, and in 
12 parts of alcohol. 



KALI. lODAT. ^KALI. NITRIC. 181 

If an aqueous solution of Potassium Iodide be mixed with a small 
quantity of chlorine water and shaken with chloroform, the latter 
acquires a violet color ; the same solution, when mixed with an 
excess of tartaric acid solution, slowly yields a white, crystalline 
precipitate. 

When the salt is heated upon a platinum wire loop in a non-lumi- 
nous flame, no yellow color should be imparted to the latter. 

The powdered salt should not immediately turn a moistened red 
litmus paper violet-blue. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no change 
with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, or of barium nitrate. 
If the same solution be gently warmed with a small quantity of 
sodium hydroxide solution, a piece of ferrous sulphate, and 5 drops of 
ferric chloride solution, cooled, and ovcrsaturated with hydrochloric 
acid, no blue color should be produced. 

If 1 part of the salt be dissolved in 19 parts of water, which has 
been freshly boiled and cooled, and at once starch solution and dilute 
sulphuric acid be added, no coloration should immediately be produced. 

If 20 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt be acidified 
with 2 or 3 drops of hydrochloric acid, the resulting solution should, 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, acquire no 
blue color. 

If 1 g. of the salt be heated with a mixture of 5 ccm. of sodium 
hydroxide solution, and of 0.5 g. each, of zinc and of iron powder, 
no ammonia should be evolved. 

If 0.2 g. of the salt be dissolved in 2 ccm. of ammonia water, and 
13 ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution added under agitation, 
and be filtered, the filtrate, on being supersaturated with nitric acid, 
should neither be colored, nor rendered turbid, within 10 minutes. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 

KALIUM NITRICUM. 

Potassium Nitrate. 
KNO3=101.19 
Colorless, transparent prisms, or a dry, crystalline powder, perma- 



182 KALI. NITRIC. KAJ.I. PEEttfANGANIC 

nent in the air ; soluble in 4 parts of water, and in 0.5 parts of 
boiling water, but almost insoluble in alcohol. 

If an aqueous solution of Potassium Nitrate be mixed with ferrous 
sulphate solution, the mixture acquires, on the addition of sulphuric 
acid, a blackish-brown color ; the same solution, when mixed with an 
excess of tartaric acid solution, yields a white, crystalline precipitate 
after a short time. 

When the salt is heate<l upon a platinum wire loop in a non-lumi- 
nous flame, no yellow color should be imparted to the latter. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt shows a neutral reaction, 
and undergoes no change with a solution of hydrogen sulphide, am- 
monium sulphide, ammonium oxalate, sodium phosphate, or of barium 
nitrate ; the same solution should also produce only an opalescence 
with silver nitrate solution ; 20 ccm. of the same solution, when 
mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, 
should produce no blue coloration. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be dissolved in 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid, no 
coloration should take place. 



KALIUM PERMANGANICUM. 

Potassium Permanganate. 
KMn04=158.15 

Dark purple-colored, dry prisms, having a metallic lustre ; soluble, 
with a violet-red color, in 16 parts of cold and in 3 parts of boiling 
water ; exploding when triturated with easily combustible substances. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Permanganate is decolorised, and 
yields a brown precipitate with ferrous salts, sulphurous acid, oxalic 
acid, alcohol, and also with other reducing agents. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be boiled with 2 ccm. of alcohol and 25 ccm. 
of water, and filtered, the resulting filtrate should be colorless, and, 
after being acidified with nitric acid, should produce no more than an 
opalescen(*e with a solution either of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be dissolved in 5 ccm. of boiling water and 
decolorised by gradually adding oxalic acid solution, and filtered, and 



KALI. PERMANGAXIC. KA.LI. SULFURIC. 183 

— — - • ^ " 

2 ccm. of the resulting, clear filtrate be mixed with an equal volume 
of sulphuric add; and 1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution added care- 
fully, after cooling, so as to form 2 layers of liquids, no brownish 
ring should appear at their contact surface. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 

KALIUM SULFURATUM. 

Potassium Sulphide. 
Take 

Sublimed Sulphur 1 pt- 

Crude Potassium Carbonate 2 pts. 

mix them intimately and heat the mixture in a large crucible, 
with occasional stirring, until the efiFervescence of the fused mass 
ceases ; when a small portion of it, on being thrown into water, easily 
dissolves in the latter, decant the fused mass on a wooden plate and, 
after cooling, break it into small pieces. 

Brownish-yellow masses, which change gradually to greenish-yellow, 
emitting slightly an odor of hydrogen sulphide ; deliquescent in 
moist air ; soluble in about 2 parts of water, forming a feintly turbid, 
yellowish-green solution, and showing an alkaline reaction. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of Potassium Sulphide, when heated 
with an excess'of acetic acid, evolves a large quantity of hydrogen sul- 
phide, depositing sulphur at the same time ; when filtered, the resulting 
filtrate yields, with tartaric acid solution, a white, crystalline precipitate. 

If 5 g. of the salt be dissolved in water and, after adding 4.5 g. of 
copper sulphate, left for a short time in a warm place and filtered, the re- 
sulting filtrate should produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

KALIUM SULFURICUM. 

Potassium Sulphate. 
K2S04= 174.36 

Colorless, hard crystals, or crystalline laminae, soluble in 10 parts 
of water, and in 4 parts of boiling water, but insoluble in alcohol. 



n 



184 KALI. SULFURIC. ^KALI. TARTARIC. 

An aqueous solution of Potassium Sulphate yields, with tartaric 
acid solution, a white, crystalline precipitate after a short time, and 
also yields, with barium nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble 
in acids. 

When the salt is heated on a platinum wire loop in a non-lumi- 
nous flame, no yellow color should permanently be imparted to the 
latter. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt reiicts neutral to test-papers, 
and should produce no change with a solution of hydrogen sulphide, 
ammonium oxalate, silver nitrate, or of sodium phosphate. 

If 20 ccm. of the aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt be mixed 
with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no blue 
coloration should take place ; if 2 ccm. of the same solution be mixed 
with 2 ccm. of sulphuric add, and 1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution 
carefully added, after cooling, so as to form 2 layers of liquids, no 
brownish ring should be produced at their contact surface. 

KALIUM TARTARICUM. 

Potassium Tartrate. 

KAH406= 226.34 

Colorless, transparent crystals, or a crystalline powder, permanent 
in the air; soluble in 0.7 parts of water, showing a neutral reaction, 
but almost insoluble in alcohol. 

When heated strongly, Potassium Tartrate carbonises, evolving an 
odor like that of burning sugar, and finally leaves an alkaline residue 
whicli imparts a violet color to a non-luminous flame. 

The salt contains not less than 98 per cent of pure potassium 
tartrate. 

Its aqueous solution produces, on adding acetic acid, a white, crystal- 
line precipitate. 

If the aqueous solution (1 : 10) of the salt be shaken with 5 ccm. 
of dilute acetic acid, and the precipitate produced allowed to settle, 
then the resulting clear solution, after being diluted with an equal 
volume of water, should undergo no change within 1 minute with 8 
drops of ammonium oxalate solution. 



KALI. TARTARIC. KINO 186 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should not be affected by 
hydrogen sulphide solution ; if the same solution be mixed with nitric 
acid, and the crystalline powder thereby produced, be separated, the 
resulting filtrate, should neither become turbid with barium nitrate 
solution, nor should produce any more than an opalescence with 
silver nitrate solution ; if 20 ccm. of the same aqueous solution be 
mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no 
blue coloration should take place. 

When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, it should evolve no 
ammonia. 

If 2.26 g. of the salt be completely carbonised by heating strongly, 
and the residue boiled with water and filtered, the resulting filtrate 
sliould require, for its exact neutralisation, at least 19.6 ccm. of normal 
hydrochloric acid solution. 

KAMALA. 

Kamala. 

The glands and fasciculate hairs of the epidermis of the fruit of 
Mallottis philippinensis Muell. 

An odorless, tasteless, red powder ; when examined under the 
microscope, the glands are irregularly spherical in outline, and 
eontain, between the walls, about 60 club-shaped cells, arranged 
radially, and between these cells and the cuticula surrounding them, 
a red secretion. The hairs are arranged in astral form, colorless and 
thickly walled. 

Kamala should contain, besides the glands and hairs, mineral 
constituents, if any, only in small quantities, and no more than 
traces of fruit texture. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 6 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

KINO. 

Kino. 

The inspissated juice of Pterocarpiia Maraupmm Roxb., evaporated 
to dryness. 



186 KINO KREOSOT. 



Shining, dark brownish-red or blackish-brown, irregular, brittle 
pieces; at the margin, reddish and transparent; pulverising, when 
crushed, to a reddish-brown powder; inodorous and very astringent. 

Kino loses its color and swells in water which is in turn colored 
reddish ; slowly but largely soluble in alcohol, and soluble with 
turbidity in boiling water which is colored dark reddish-brown- 

Its solution in hot water produces, even when considerably diluted, 
a dark green precipitate with ferric chloride solution, and produces 
precipitates with potassium bichromate solution and also witli mineral 
acids. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 5 per cent of solid 
residue. 

KREOSOTUM. 

Creosote. 

A colorless or slightly yellowish, clear, highly refractive, oily liquid, 
of a neutral reaction ; having a penetrating, empyreumatic odor and 
a burning taste ; clearly soluble in about 120 parts of boib'ng water 
which, on cooling, becomes turbid and deposits oily drops ; clearly 
miscible with ether, alcohol, or with carbon disulphide. 

More than 75 per cent, of Creosote distills over at 200^—220° C, not 
solidiiying even if cooled to — 20°C. Specific gravity: above 1.08. 

Its saturated aqueous solution yields, with bromine water, a reddish- 
brown precipitate ; the same aqueous solution, on adding a few drops 
of a solution of ferric chloride, becomes turbid and acquires a 
grayish-green or a blue color, passing finally to a dirty brown ; its 
alcoholic solution, when mixed with a small quantity of ferric chlo- 
ride solution, acquires a deep blue color which subsequently changes 
to a dark green. 

If 1 ccm. of it be shaken with 2.5 ccra. of sodium hydroxide solu- 
tion, they should mix clearly, and become not dark colored, and the 
resulting solution, on being diluted with 50 ccm. of water, should not 
become turbid. 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 10 volumes of the solution of 
potassium hydroxide in absolute alcohol (1 : 5), a crystalline solid 
mass sliould be produced after 1 or 2 hours. 



KREOSOT. KREOSOT. CARBONIC. 187 

On shaking 1 volume of it with an equal volume of collodion, no 
gelatinous substance should be produced. 

If 1 volume of it be added to 3 volumes of a mixture composed 
of 3 parts of glycerin and 1 part of water, it should remain almost 
completely insoluble. 

If 1 ocm. of it be mixed with 2 ccm. of petroleum benzin, and the 
clear solution obtained be shaken with 2 ccm. of freshly prepared, 
saturated baryta water, neither the upper layer should acquire a 
blue or dirty brown color, nor should the lower layer acquire a red 
color. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 



KREOSOTUM CARBON ICUM. 

Creosote Carbonate. 

A clear, colorless or yellowish, thick liquid, having a slightly 
bitter taste, but almost without any odor ; insoluble in water, soluble 
in alcohol, ether, and in cliloroform. 

When strongly cooled. Creosote Carbonate deposits crystals. 

If it be dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and 
ix)tassium hydroxide solution, and warmed on a water-bath, until the 
alcohol is completely evaporated off, and the residue shaken with 
dilute sulphuric acid and ether, then the ethereal layer, on being 
separated and evaporated, leaves a residue having the odor of creo- 
sote, and producing, when dissolved iu alcohol and mixed with dilute 
ferric chloride solution, a green coloration. 

When boiled for a few minutes with a freshly prepared, clear 
alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, it produces a crystalline pre- 
cipitate which, after being washed with absolute alcohol, evolves, 
on being mixed with hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid gas. 

On heating, it should volatilise without leaving any solid residue. 

The preparation, which contains crystals, should be used after 
melting them. 



188 LACrTYLPHENETIDIN. LICH. ISLAXD. 



LACTYLPHENETIDINUM. 

Lactyl Phenetidine. 
Ci,Hi5NO,=209.19 

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a slightly bitter taste ; soluble 
ill about 500 parts of water, in 55 parts of hot water, and in 8-5 
parts of alcohol. Melting point: about 118° C. 

If 0.1 g. of Lactyl Phenetidine be boiled for a minute with 1 ccni. 
of hydrochloric acid, diluted with lOccm. of water, and be filtered 
after cooling, the resulting filtrate produces, with 3 ccm. of chromic 
acid solution, a violet-red coloration. 

If 0.1 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ocm. of hot water and filtered 
after cooling, the resulting filtrate, on adding bromine water till it 
gets a yellow color, becomes considerably turbid, but becomes clear 
again on adding a large quantity of water. 

On heating, it should be consumed without leaving any solid residue. 

LAPIS PUMICIS. 

Pumice. 

Whitish or grayish, hard, brittle, porous masses, having innumer- 
able, large and small holes ; floating, when thrown into water, on its 
surface. 

Keep well dried, after Pumice has previously been boiled with 
water and washed. 

LICHEN ISLANDICUS. 

Iceland Moss. 

The dried Icelajid moss, Cetrara idandica Achar. 

The thallus is 0.5 mm. or less in thickness, brown on one side, 
gray or pale brown on the other, foliaceous, irregularly lobed, smooth 
on both sides, fringed at the margin, and channelled at the base. 



LICH. ISLAIS'D. LIG. QUASSI. 1 89 



An aqueous solution of iodine, when dropped on a cross-section of 
the thallus, colors the hyphce blue. 

The solution, obViined by boiling 1 part of Iceland Moss with 20 
parts of Avater, has a bitter taste, and gelatinises on cooling. 

LIGNUM GUAIACI. 

Pock Wood. 

The heart-wood of Guaiacum officinale Linn. 

Pock Wood is externally brown or greenish, internally brownish, 
hard and heavy, and sinks in water. When examined under the 
microscope, the transverse section of tlie wood exhibits medullary rays, 
which are 1 cell broad and 3—6, mostly 4 cells high. The tissue, lying 
l)etween the medullary rays, usually contains isolated vessels, which 
are partly filled with brown-colored resins, and are often so broad 
as to fill up the space between medullary rays. The wood-paren- 
chyma in the above-mentioned tissue is arranged in 1 — 2 cells broad, 
irregular, tangential rows, often containing oxalate crystals. The 
remaining portions of the tissue consist mainly of thick-walled scleren- 
cbyniatous fibres. 

If a small quantity of it be shaken with alcohol, the resulting 
solution leaves, on being evaporated to dryness, a brownish residue 
which, with alcoholic solution of ferric chloride (1 : 100), produces a 
blue color disappearing in a short time. 

It has a slightly pungent taste. 

LIGNUM QUASSIAE. 

Quassia Wood. 

The wood of the trunk and branches of Picrasma excelsa Lindl., 
Quassia amara Linn, and Piaxisma quassioides Benn. 

(a) 

The wood o£ Picrasma excelsa Lindl. is pale yellowish, and shows 
on transverse section medullary rays, each of wliich is 2 - 5 rows of 



190 LIG. QUASSI. LIG. SAaSAFR. 

cells in width, and mostly 10—25 layers of cells in height. The 
medullary rays are connected by parenchymatous wood-cells, arranged 
in 2 — 5 tangential rows, and often containing Ijirge single oxalate 
crystals. Next to these cells, lie vessels singly or in groups of 2~-3. 
The remaining tissue consists of slightly thickened sclerenchymatous 
fibres, which are mostly of uniform width throughout the length and 
pointed at both ends. 

(b) 

The wood of Quassia amara Linn^ resembles in structure to that of 
the foregoing, excepting that medullary rays of the former are oiily 
1, at most 2 cells wide, and 5 — 20 cells high, and arc devoid of 
oxalate crystals. 

(c) 

The wood of Picrasma quassioides Benn. is very much like the 
above two, excepting that it is very compact and heavy, having 
very thickened woody fibres. The medullary rays are 1—5, mostly 
2 rows of cells in breadth, and 5 — 20 layers of cells in height. The 
vessels are found singly or in groups of 2 or more. The wood is 
free from oxalate crystals. 

Quassia Wood lias a persistent, very bitter taste. 

LIGNUM SANTALI RUBRUM. 

Red Sanders Wood. 

The wood of the trunk and branches o£ Fterocarptis santaltnusldnn,^- 

Red Sanders Wood is dark reddish-brown, compact, hard, and almost 

without any odor or taste. It sinks in water which, however, it does 

not color red; alcohol dissolves out of it a red, resinous coloring matter. 

LIGNUM SASSAFRAS. 

Sassafras Wood. 

The wood of the root of Sassafras officinale Nees. 



LIG. S ASSAFK. LINIM. CHLORO. 191 

Sassafras Wood is light, loose^ reddish or brownish in color, and 
shows annual rings. When examined under the microscope, its 
transverse section exhibits medullary rays, each of which is 1—4 
rows of cells in width. In the tissue between medullary rays, lie 
reservoirs which contain a colorless secretion, add are as wide as the 
smaller vessels, and provided with a suberised wall. The vessels are 
furnished with circularly bordered, slit-like pits. The sclerenchymat- 
ous fibres have a moderately thickened, sparsely and faintly pitted wall. 

It has an aromatic, slightly sweet taste and odor. 

LINIMENTUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammonia Liniment. 

Take 

Ammonia water 1 P^. 

Sesame Oil A pts. 

mix and shake them up till a white, homogeneous, thick liquid is 
obtained. 



LINIMENTUM CALCARI/E. 

Lime Liniment. 

Take 

Lime Water 1 pi. 

Sesame Oil 1 pt. 

mix and shake them up till a white, homogeneous, thick liquid is 

obtained. 

LINIMENTUM CHLOROFORMII. 

Chloroform Liniment. 

Take 

Chloroform I pt- 

Camphor Oil I pi- 

mix and shake them up. 



192 LIXOf. SAPO.-CAMPHOR. ^LIQU. AMMON. ACETI. 



*• 



LINIMENTUM SAPONATO-CAMPHORATUM. 

Soap Liniment. Opodeldoc. 

Take 

Soft Soap 40 i>te. 

Purified Camphor 10 p<«. 

dissolve them by a gentle heat in 

Alcohol 420iJte. 

filter while hot ; to the filtrate add 

Oil of Thyme 2 ;?fo. 

Oil of Rosemary 3 p<*. 

Ammonia Water 25 j)/ 

and quickly cool the mixture. 
An almost colorless liquid. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



LIQUOR AMMONII ACETICI. Spirittis Mindereri. 

Solution of Ammonium Acetate. Spirit of 3Iindererus. 

Take 

Ammonia Water 5 p/*- 

add to it 

Acetic Acid 5 1>^- 

heat to boiling ; after cooling, neutralise the mixture with ammonia 
water ; filter ; dilute the filtrate with distilled water, till it gets the 
specific gravity of 1.032 — 1.034. 

A colorless, clear, volatile liquid, showing a neutral or a slightly 
acid reaction. 

Solution of Ammonium Acetate contains about 15 per cent, of 
pure ammonium acetate (NH4.C2H8O2 =77.11). 

It should be afibcted neither by hydrogen sulphide solution, uor 
by barium nitrate solution. After being acidified with nitric acid, 
it should produce no more than an opalescence with silver nitrate 
solution. 



MQ. ABS. E. HYDRAB. lOD. LIQ. FER. ALBUMI. 193 

LIQUOR ARSENI ET HYDRARGYRI lODATI. 

Solution of Arsenious and Mercuric Iodide. 

Solutio Donovani. Donovan^s Solution, 

Take 

Arsenions Iodide 1 P^ 

Mercuric Iodide 1 1><. 

to the mixture add 

Distilled Water 17 pte. 

dissolve by rubbing them in a mortar; filter, and to the filtrate add 
distilled water to make the whole quantity up to 100 parts. 
A clear, yellowish liquid. Specific gravity: 1.015. 
Keep with special care. 

LIQUOR CRESOLI SAPONATUS. 

Soap Solution of Cresol. 

Take 

Soft Soap • 1 P^ 

melt it on a water-bath; add to it 

Crude Cresol li>u 

warm the mixture till it dissolves. 
A clear, yellowish-brown liquid. 

LIQUOR FERRI ALBUMINATI. 

Solution of Iron Albuminate. 

Take 

Dried White of the Egg 35 pt^. 

dissolve it in 

Distilled Water . . • 1000 pis. 

strain; slowly pour the strained liquid, under agitation, into the 
mixture of 



194 LIQUOR FERRI ALBUMINATI 

Solution of Oxydhloride of Iron 120 pfs. 

Distilled Water 1000 pts^ 

allow the iron albuminate here formed completely to precipitate ; neu- 
tralise, if necessary, with the sodium hydroxide solution diluted with 
24 times its weight of water. After waiting till the precipitate sub- 
sides, decant the clear upper liquid, and pour distilled water on the 
residue ; decant the clear upper liquid again after subsidence, repeat- 
ing the same operation several times, until a portion of the decantal 
liquid, acidified with nitric acid, produces no more than a slight 
opalescence with silver nitrate solution; collect the precipitate on a 
filter-cloth ; transfer it into a large bottle previously weighed, and 
dissolve it by shaking in the mixture of 

Sodium Hydroxide Solution 2.25 pt^- 

Distilled Water 50 pts. 

to the resulting solution add 

Aleohol . 150 pts^ 

Cinnamon Water 100 pts^ 

Aromatie Tincture 2 i>te. 

and finally add distilled water so as to make the whole quantity up 
to 1000 parts. 

By transmitted light a clear, and by reflected light a slightly 
turbid, reddish-brown liquid, showing almost no alkaline reactiou, 
with a faint taste of cinnamon, but almost without ferruginous taste. 

Solution of Iron Albuminate contains about 0.4 per cent, of pure 
iron (Fe = 56). 

It mixes clearly with alcohol, and yields precipitates with decinor- 
mal sodium chloride solution, and also with hydrochloric acid solution. 

If 5 ccm. of it be mixed with 5 ccm. of carbolic acid solution, 
and 5 drops of nitric acid added, a brownish precipitate is produced, 
and the solution obtained by filtering it off, should produce, on adding 
silver nitrate solution, no more than a slight opalescence. 

If 40 ccm. of it be mixed with 0.5 ccm. of normal hydrochloric 
acid solution and filtered, a colorless filtrate should be obtained. 

If 10 ccm. of it be evaporated to dryness in a porcelain crucible 
on a water-bath, the residue, after being moistened with nitric acid 
which is evaporated off by a gentle heat, should leave, when strongly 
heated, at least 0.054 g. of solid residue. 



LIQUOR FERRI CTTRICI OX YD ATI 195 



LIQUOR FERRI CITRICI OXYDATI. 

Solution of ferric citrate. 

Take 

Ferric Sulphate Solution 84 pts. 

dilute it with 

Distilled Water 1000 pts. 

jx)nr the diluted solution, under shaking, into a mixture of 

Ammonia Water 84 pts. 

Distilled Water 200 pts, 

transfer the precipitate here produced into a filter-cloth, and allow 
the liquid part to drain off; mix the precipitate with 

Distilled Water 1000 pts. 

put it again on the filter-cloth and remove the liquid part ; repeat 
the same operation several times, until the washing produces almost 
no opalescence with barium nitrate solution ; transfer the moist pre- 
cipit^ite into a porcelain dish, and add to it 

Citric Acid 30 pts. 

after dissolving the precipitate by stirring on a water-bath, at a 
temperature not exceeding 60° C, evaporate down till the whole 
quantity makes 100 parts. 

A clear, dark brown liquid, showing an acid reaction. Specific 
gravity : 1.26. 

A Solution of Ferric Citrate, after being diluted with water and 
acidified with a small quantity of hydrochloric acid, yields, with a 
solution of yellow prussiate of potash, a dark blue precipitate. 

It should produce no precipitate with an excess of ammonia water. 

When boiled with twice its volume of potassium hydroxide solu- 
tion till iron is completely precipitated, it should evolve no consider- 
able odor of ammonia ; a part of the filtrate obtained by separating 
the above precipitate should, when saturated with acetic acid, produce 
no crystalline precipitate even after long standing. 

If it be diluted with twice its volume of water and mixed with 
a small quantity of nitric acid, no more than a slight turbidity 
should be produced with barium nitrate solution. 



196 MQ. FER. CITR. OXYD. LIQ. FER. OXYCHLOR. 

If it be evaporated to dryness in thin layers at a suitable tem- 
perature, it should leave about 44 per cent, of residue which, when 
strongly heated, should leave 11 per cent, of ferric oxide. 



LIQUOR FERRI OXYCHLORATI. 

Solution of Ferric Oxychloride. 

Take 

Ferric Chloride Solution 35 ptic. 

dilute it with 

Distilled Water 160 jp^^. 

pour the diluted solution, under agitation, into the mixture of 

Ammonia Water 35 pi^- 

Distilled Water . . . '. 320 pt^. 

completely wash the precipitate here produced with distilled water ; 
press; on the precipitate pour 

Hydrochloric Acid 2.5 pu. 

after setting aside for 3 days, dissolve tlie precipitate completely by 
warming to about 40° C, and dilute the solution with distilled 
water till it attains the specific gravity of 1.05. 

A clear, brownish-red, inodorous liquid, having a faintly astrin- 
gent taste. 

It contains about 3.5 per cent, of pure iron (Fe=:56). 

If 1 ccm. of it be diluted with 19ccm. of water, the solution, after 
being mixed with 1 drop each, of nitric acid and of silver nitrate 
solution, should be clear when seen by transmitted light. 

Take 10 ccm. of it in a glass bottle of 100 ccm. in capacity, add 
water and hydrochloric acid each 10 ccm., warm the mixture until 
the turbidity at first produced disappears, and a clear, yellow solution 
is produced. After cooling, add 2 — 3g. of potassium iodide and 
set aside for an hour at ordinary temperatures, well-stoppered, and 
protected from light, and make the solution up to 100 ccm. by add- 
ing water ; 20 ccm. of the solution thus prepared, after being diluted 
with water, should require, for its decoloration, about 13 ccm. of 
dceinormol sodium thiosulphate solution. 

Keep protected from light. 



T.IQTTOR FERRI SESQUICKLORATI 1 97 



LIQUOR FERRI SESQUICHLORATI. 

Solution of Ferric Chloride. 

IDissolve ferric chloride iii about equal parts of distilled water so 
as to make a solution with a specij&c gravity of 1.280 — 1.282, 

A clear, deep brownish-yellow liquid, containing 10 per cent, of 
l)ure iron (Fe=56). 

Its aqueous solution produces, with silver nitrate solution, a white 
precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid ; and after being acidified 
with dilute hydrochloric acid, the same aqueous solution also pro- 
duces, with a solution of yellow prussiate of potash, a deep blue 
precipitate. 

When approached witli a glass rod moistened with ammonia water, 
it should produce no white fumes, nor should it color blue a moistened 
zinc-iodide-starch paper brought near to it. 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 3 volumes of stannous chloride 

solution, the mixture should acquire no dark coloration within an hour. 

If 3 drops of it, after being mixed with 10 ccm. of decinormal 

sodium thiosulphate solution, be gradually heated, the mixture, after 

cooling, should deposit a minute quantity of ferric hydroxide. 

After diluting with water (1 : 10) and adding dilute hydrochloric 
acid, it should produce, with a solution of red prussiate of potash, 
no blue coloration. 

When diluted with water (1 : 5) and mixed with an excess of 
ammonia water and filtered, it should yield a colorless filtrate which, 
on being evaporated to dryness and ignited, should leave no more than, 
if any, a very slight residue. A part of the same filtrate, when mix- 
ed with an equal part of sulphuric acid and cooled, and a saturated 
solution of ferrous sulphate carefully poured on its surface so as to 
form 2 separate layers, should produce no brownish ring at their 
contact surface. The same filtrate should, after adding an excess of 
acetic acid, produce no change with a solution either of barium nitrate, 
or of yellow prussiate of potash. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles, protected from light. 



198 LIQUOR FERRI SULFURICI OXYDATI 

■ 

LIQUOR FERRI SULFURICI OXYDATI. 

Solution of Ferric Sulphate. 

Take 

Ferrous Sulphate SO pis. 

Distilled Water 40 ?/*. 

Sulphuric Acid 15 p^^ 

Nitric Add 12 pi^. 

put them into a glass flask ; dissolve by heating on a water-bath, 
until a drop of the clear brown liquid, after being diluted with 
water, gives no blue coloration with a solution of red prussiate of 
potash ; transfer the h'quid into a porcelain dish previously weighed, 
and evaporate down till the whole makes 100 parts ; add a small 
quantity of distilled water and evaporate again, repeating the same 
operation till the liquid shows no reaction of nitric acid, and finally 
make the solution up to 160 parts by adding distilled water. 

A clear, brownish-yellow, somewhat thick liquid, containing 10 
per cent, of pure iron (Fe = 56). Specific gravity: 1.428 — 1.430. 

Its diluted aqueous solution gives, with barium nitrate solution, a 
white precipitate, and with a solution of yellow prussiate of potavsh, 
a deep blue precipitate. 

If 1 volume of it be mixed with 3 volumes of stannous chloride 
solution, the mixture should acquire no dark coloration within an 
hour. 

Its dilute aqueous solution (1 : 10) should produce, with a solution 
of red prussiate of potash, no blue coloration, nor should it produce, 
with silver nitrate solution, any more than a sliglit turbidity ; the 
same solution, when mixed with an equal volume of sulphuric acid 
and cooled, and a saturated solution of ferrous sulphate carefully 
poured on its surface so as to form 2 separate layers, should produce 
no brownish ring at their contact surface. The same dilute solution, 
when heated with an excess of ammonia water and filtered, gives a 
colorless filtrate which, on being evaporated to dryness and ignited, 
should leave, no more than, if any, a very slight residue ; the same 
filtrate after adding an excess of acetic acid, should not be affected 
by a solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

Keep in glass-stoppered bottles. 



LIQ. GUTTAPER. LIQ. KALI. ACETI. 199 



LIQUOR GUTTAPERCH/E. 

Solution of Gutta Percha. 

Take 

Qutta Percha, in thin scales 1 ^. 

ClilOToform 10 p<«. 

Lead Carbonate Iv^ 

dissolve gutta percha by shaking it with 7 parts of chloroform in a 
well-stoppered bottle ; add the remaining 3 parts of chloroform to- 
gether with lead carbonate into the resulting solution ; after setting 
aside with frequent shakings for several days, decant the clear upper 
solution. 

A clear, colorless liquid which, when spread in thin layers and 
the chloroform allowed to volatilise, leaves a transparent, elastic film. 
Keep with care, in small, well-stoppered bottles. 



LIQUOR KALII ACETICI. 

Solution of Potassium Acetate. 

Take 

Acetic Acid 60 p/s. 

gradually add to it 

Fotasaiuxn Bicarbonate 29 pis. 

heat the solution to boiling ; neutralise it with a fresh portion of 
potassium bicarbonate; after cooling, dilute it with water till it gets 
a specific gravity of 1.176-1.180. 

A clear, colorless, neutral or very slightly acid liquid, containing 
about 34 per cent, of pure potassium acetate (KC2H3O2 -98.18). 

Solution of Potassium Acetate should, after being diluted with an 
equal weight of water, produce no change with a solution either of 
hydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate, and aft^r being acidified with 
dilute nitric acid, the same solution should also produce no more than 
a slight opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

It should have no empyreumatic odor. 



200 LIQ. KALI. ABSEN. LIQ. NITROGLYCERIN. 

LIQUOR KALII ARSENICOSL 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite. 

Liquor arsenicalia Fowler t. Fowler* B Solution. 

Take 

ArsemouB Acid 1 j^- 

Potasfidnm Bicarbonate . 1 i>^* 

Distilled Water 2 ;><<. 

dissolve them by boiling ; to the solution add 

Distilled Water 40 i><«. 

Alcohol 10 pti^ 

Spirit of Lavender b pi^- 

dilute the solution by adding distilled water to make the whole 
quantity up to 100 partS; and filter. 

A clear, colorless, aromatic liquid, showing an alkaline reaction, 
and containing 1 per cent, of pure arsenious acid (As203=198). 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite should not be affected by hydro- 
chloric acid, but by the subsequent addition of hydrogen sulphide 
solution, a yellow precipitate should be produced. 

If 5 ccm. of it be mixed with 1 g. of sodium bicarbonate, 20 ccm. 
of water, and a small quantity of starch solution, then in order to 
produce a permanent blue coloration, 10.1 ccm. of decinormal iodine 
solution should be required. 

Keep with special care, but not for a long time. 

LIQUOR NITROGLYCERIN!. 

Solution of Nitroglycerin. 

Take 

Nitroglycerin 1 pt- 

dissolve it in 

Alcohol 100 P^ 

A colorless, clear liquid, showing a neutral reaction. Specific 
gravity : 0.84. 



L.IQ, NITROGLYCERIX. LIQ. PLUM. 8UBACETI. 201 

If 10 ccm. of Solution of Nitroglycerin be mixed with an equal 
volume of water at 15.5° C, it should give a clear solution which 
becomes turbid on the further addition of 1 ccm, of water. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETICL 

Solution of Lead Subacetate. Lead Vinegar. 

Take 

Lead Acetate 3 pia. 

Lead Oxide 1 P^ 

triturate them by adding 

Distilled Water 0.5 /><«. 

drop by drop ; put the resulting yellowish mixture into a covered 
vessel, and heat on a water-bath, until a homogeneous white or red- 
dish-white mixture is obtained j add 

Distilled Water 9.5 p^. 

allow the liquid to settle in the covered vessel ; decant the upper, 
clear liquid ; dilute it with distilled water till it reaches a specific 
gravity of 1.23-1.24. 

A clear, colorless liquid, with a sweet, astringent taste, and 
showing an alkaline reaction, but not reddening phenolphthalein 
solution. 

Solution of Lead Subacetate acquires, on the addition of ferric 
chloride solution, a reddish coloration ) and on standing, produces a 
wliite precipitate soluble in 60 parts of water, while the solution 
itself becomes dark reddish-colored. 

After adding acetic acid, it should produce, with 2 drops of the 
solution of yellow prussiate of potash, a pure white precipitate. 

Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



202 LIQ. PLUM. SUBACETI. DIL. ^LITHI. CARB. 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETICI DILUTUS. 

Dilute Solution of Lead Subacetate. 

Aqua Goulardi. Gotdard^s Water. 

Take 

Solution of Lead Subacetate .2 pts. 

mix with it 

Distilled Water 98 ?«*. 

Prepare the solution freshly when wanted. 



LITHIUM CARBONICUM. 

Lithium Carbonate. 
Li8C03= 74.06 

A white, light powder, fusible by heating ; soluble in 80 parts of 
water, and in 140 parts of boiling water, showing an alkaline reac- 
tion, but insoluble in alcoliol. 

Lithium Carbonate dissolves with effervescence in nitric acid, 
yielding a solution which colors a non-luminous flame crimson-red. 

It contains not less than 99.2 per cent, of pure lithium carbonate. 

Its solution (1 : 50) in water which is acidified with nitric acid, 
should produce no more than an opalescence with silver nitrate 
solution ; the same solution should neither be affected by barium 
nitrate solution, nor should produce, after being supersaturated with 
ammonia water, any change by adding a solution either of hydrogen 
sulphide or of ammonium oxalate. 

If 0.2 g. of it be dissolved in 1 ccm. of hydrochloric acid, evapor- 
ated to dryness and cooled, the residue should clearly dissolve in 
3 ccm. of alcohol and leave no more than, if any, a very little in- 
soluble matter. 

After drying at 100° C, 0.5 g. of it should require, for its neutra- 
lisation, at least 13.4 ccm. of normal hydrochloric acid solution. 



LYOOPODIUM MAG. USTA 203 



LYCOPODIUM. 

Lycopodium. 

The spores of Lycopodium davatum Linn, or of other species of 
Lycopodium. 

A light yellow, very mobile powder, without odor or taste. 

When shaken with water or chloroform, Lycopodium floats on the 
surface, its ingredients not being dissolved, but sinks on being boiled 
with water. 

When examined under the microscope, the powder consists of 
reticulated, tetrahedral cells with 3 almost flat and 1 convex sides; 
they are almost of an equal size. 

Not more than a small quantity, if any, of broken pieces of the 
stem and leaves should be found mixed with spores, nor should pollens 
of pine or of reed-mace, starch, sulphur, etc. be mixed with them. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 5 per cent, of solid 
residue. 



MAGNESIA USTA, 

Burnt Magnesia. 
MgO= 40.36 

A light, white, fine powder, almost insoluble in water. 

A solution of Burnt Magnesia in dilute sulphuric acid, when 
mixed with ammonium chloride solution and supersaturated with 
ammonia water, yields, with sodium phosphate solution, a white 
crystalline precipitate. 

If a mixture of 0.2 g. of it with 10 ccm. of water be heated to 
boiling, and filtered after cooling, the filtrate shows only a faintly 
alkaline reaction ; 5 ccm. of the same filtrate, when evaporated to 
dryness, leave no more than a very slight residue. If 5 ccm. of 
acetic acid be poured on the insoluble matter in the filter-paper, no 
considerable amount of a gas should be evolved. 



204 MAG. USTA MAG. CARBON. 

If 0.2 g. of it be shaken with 20 ccm. of water and filtered, the 
filtrate sliould produce no more than an opalescence, within 5 minutes, 
with ammonium oxalate solution. 

If 0.4 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of acetic acid, there should 
results a colorless solution which is not affected by hydrogen sulphide 
solution ; the same solution should produce, with barium nitrate solu- 
tion, no more than an opalescence within 5 minutes, and the same 
should also be the case when, after acidifying it with nitric acid, 
silver nitrate solution is added to the same solution. 

If 20 ccm. of its solution (1: 20) in water which is acidified with 
hydrochloric acid, be mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow 
prussiate of ix)tash, no blue coloration should immediately be 
produced. 

Keep well closed. 



MAGNESIA USTA PON DEROSA. 

Heavy Burnt Magnesia. 

MgO =40.36 

A dense, heavy, white powder, almost insoluble in water; obtained 
by heating heavy magnesium carbonate strongly. 

A solution of Heavy Burnt Magnesia in dilute sulphuric acid, 
when mixed with ammonium chloride solution and supersaturated 
with ammonia water, yields, with sodium phosphate solution, a white 
crystalline precipitate. 

Its tests sliould conform with those given under Magnesia Usta, 

Keep well closed. 



MAGNESIUM CARBONICUM. 

Magnesium Carbonate. 

Light, friable white masses, or a bulky powder, sparingly soluble 
in water, and showing a slightly alkaline reaction. 



MAO. CARBON. MAG. CABBON. PONDER. 205 



Magnesium Carbonate dissolves with effervescence in dilute sul- 
phuric acidy forming a solution which, when mixed with ammonium 
chloride solution and supersaturated with ammonia water, yields, with 
sodium phosphate solution, a white crystalline precipitate. 

It dissolves with no coloration in dilute liydrochloric acid. 

If 1 part of it be boiled with 20 parts of water and filtered, the 
filtrate, on evaporation, should leave no more than a slight residue. 

Its solution (1 : 20) in water acidifid witli acetic acid, should not 
be aifected by hydrogen sulphide solution ; the same solution should 
produce, with barium nitrate solution, no more than an opalescence 
within 5 minutes ; and the same should also be the same if, after 
acidifying it with nitric acid, silver nitrate solution be added to the 
same solution. 

If'20ocm. of its solution (1: 20) in water which is acidified with 
nitric acid, be mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate 
of potash, no blue coloration should immediately be produced. 

If 0.5 g. of it be heated strongly, there should result at least 0.2 g. 
of the residue which, when shaken with 20 ccm. of water and filter- 
ed, should yield a filtrate producing, with ammonium oxalate solution, 
no more than an opalescence within 5 minutes. 



MAGNESIUM CARBONICUM PONDEROSUM. 

Heavy Magnesium Carbonate. 

Take 

Magnesium Sulphate 125 pts. 

Magnesium Carbonate 150 pts. 

dissolve them separately in 

Distilled Water 250 pts. 

mix the 2 solutions, and evaporate the mixture to dryness ; to tlie 
residue add 

Boiling Distilled Water 500 pt<i. 

extract by warming for half an hour ; collect the insoluble portion 
on a filter ; wash it repeatedly with boiling distilled water, until the 



206 MAG. CARBON. PONDER. MAG. CITRI. EFFERVES. 



washing gives almost no turbidity with barium nitrate solution, and 
finally dry it at a temparature not above 100*^0. 

A granular, white powder, completely soluble with effervescence 
in dilute sulphuric add, yielding a solution which, when mixed with 
ammonium chloride solution and oversaturated with ammonia water, 
yields, with sodium phosphate solution, a white crystalline precipitate. 

The tests for Heavy Magnesium Carbonate should conform with 
tliose given under Magnesium Carbonicum. 

On heating strongly, it should lose 58 per cent, of its weight. 



MAGNESIUM CITRICUM EFFERVESCENS. 

Effervescent Magnesium Citrate. 

Take 

Magnesium Carbonate b ^ 

Citric Acid 16 i>^<. 

Distilled Water 2pts, 

mix them tlioroughly and dry the mixture at about 30° C. ; reduce 

it to a medium powder ; add to it 

Sodium bicarbonate, in medium poivdev 11 ^ 

Citric Acid, in tnediwu powder 6 pi^- 

Sugar, in niediutn powder A pif* 

lightly triturate the above mixture by pouring alcohol, drop by 
drop, until a crummy mass is obtained ; dry by a gentle heat, and 
pass through a sieve so as to get grains of a uniform size. 

A wliite grain, deliquescent in the air ; showing an acid reaction, 
and slowly soluble in water, evolving carbonic acid at the same time. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 50) of Effervescent Magnesium Citrate 
should not be affected by hydrogen sulphide solution ; the same 
solution, after being mixed witli an excess of ammonium chloride 
solution and supersaturated with ammonia water, should give no 
more than an opalescence with ammonium oxalate solution ; the same 
solution, after being mixed with nitric acid, should produce no more 
than an opalescence witJi a solution either of barium nitrate or (rf 
:silver nitrate. 



MAG. aXRI. EFFERVES. MAGNESI. SULFURIC. 207 

Its saturated aqueous solution should yield, with potassium acetate 
solution and a little acetic acid, no crystalline precipitate. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



MAGNESIUM SULFURICUM. 

Magnesium Sulphate. Epsom Salt. 

MgSO,+ 7H20 = 246.56 

Small, colorless rhombic prisms, with a cooling, saline and bitter 
taste ; scarcely efflorescent in the air ; soluble in equal parts of water, 
and in 0.3 parts of boiling water, showing a neutral reaction, but 
insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution of Magnesium Sulphate, after being mixed 
with ammonium chloride solution and ammonia water, produces, with 
sodium phosphate solution, a white crystalline precipitate ; the same 
aqueous solution produces, with barium nitrate solution, a white pre- 
cipitate insoluble in acids. 

If 2 g. of the salt be triturated with 2 g. of burnt marble, previ- 
ously disintegrated with a small quantity of water, and a mixture of 
10 ccm. each, of alcohol and of water be added, and set aside for 2 
hours with frequent shakings, and 40 ccm. of pure alcohol be added 
and filtered, then 20 ccm. of the filtrate should acquire, after adding 
2 ccm. of turmeric tincture, no reddish-brown coloration. 

If 1 g. of the powdered salt be mixed with 3 ccm. of stannous 
chloride solution, no dark coloration should be produced within an 
hour. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt sliould not change the 
color of test-papers ; the same solution produces no change with 
hydrc^en sulphide solution, nor should it produce, with silver nitrate 
solution, any more than an opalescence after 5 minutes. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should, with 0.5 ccm. of 
the solution of yellow pru&siate of potash, produce no blue coloration. 



208 MAKNA MEIi 



MANNA. 

Manna. 

The concrete exudation of Fraximis Ornus Linn., naturally dried. 

Round, flat or canalliculate, crystalline masses, of externally light 
yellowish, and internally whitish color, having a sweet taste. 

If 2 g. of Manna be dissolved in 2 ccm. of water, and 10 times its 
volume of pure alcohol be added and heatcnl to boiling, and filtered 
through cotton, and the alcohol evaporated oflP, then at least 1.5 g. of 
the residue should be obtained. 



MEL. 

Honey. 

A syrupy liquid, almost colorless, or with a light yellowish or 
brownish-yellow color ; having a characteristic, pleasant odor and a 
very sweet taste ; translucent when fresh, but gradually producing 
crystalline grains as the time passes. 

Honey shows a faintly acid reaction ; when examined under the 
microscope, crystals of sugar and, in most cases, pollen grains are 
visible. 

A solution of 1 part of it in 2 parts of water should have a 
specific gravity at least of 1.111 ; the same aqueous solution produces 
no more than a slight turbidity with a solution either of silver 
nitrate or of barium nitrate, and should produce no change with an 
equal volume of ammonia water ; 1 ccm. of the same aqueous solution, 
when mixed with 2 ccm. of alcohol, should produce no more than a 
slightly turbidity. 

If 10 g. of it be diluted with 5 times its volume of water, not 
more than 0.5 ccm. of normal potassium hydroxide solution should be 
required for its complete neutralisatiou. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 0.4 per cent, of 
solid residue. 



MEL DEPUR. ^MEL BOSA. 209 



MEL DEPURATUM. 

Purified Honey. 

Take 

Honey 2 pts. 

heat it with 

Distilled Water 3 p<«. 

for an hour oa a water-bath ; after cooling to about 50^ C, strain 
through a thick woolen cloth, and evaporate as quickly as possible 
on a water-bath till it gets the specific gravity of 1.33. 

Purified Honey has an agreeable pleasant odor ; clear when seen 
by transmitted light^ but in a layer of 20 mm. in thickness^ it has a 
yellow or faintly brownish color. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 1 part of ammonia water, no change 
of color is observed ; and 1 part of it, when mixed with 2 parts of 
alcohol^ should not become turbid. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 4 parts of water, a clear solution 
is obtained, which should produce no more than an opalescence with 
a solution either of silver nitrate or of barium nitrate. 

If 10 g. of it be diluted with 5 times its volume of water, the 
resulting solution should require, for its complete neutralisation, not 
more than 0.4 ccm. of normal potassium hydroxide solution. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 0.4 per cent, of 
solid residue. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



MEL ROSATUM. 

Honey of Rose. 

Take 

Rose Leaves, medium cut 1 ^. 

pour on them 

Dilute Aloohol 5 pts, 

extract, in the cold, with frequent shakings for 24 hours; express; 
with the filtered liquid, mix 



210 MEL BOSA. METH. SULPONAL. 



Purified Honey 9 pu. 

Glycerin 1 jrf. 

and evaporate the mixture down to 10 parts. 
A clear, brown liquid, having a pleasant odor. 



MENTHOLUM. 

MenthoL 

C,oH«0= 156.2 

Colorless, adcular crystals, with a characteristic, penetrating odor 
and a burning, followed by a cooling, taste ; sparingly soluble in 
water, showing a neutral reaction, and readily soluble in alcohol, 
ether, and in chloroform. Melting point: about 43° C. Boiling point: 
212° C. 

If 1 part of Menthol be mixed witli 40 parts of sulphuric acid, 
there results a turbid, brownish-red liquid which should, after 24 hours, 
separate a clear, colorless, oily layer having no odor of menthol. 

If it be added to a mixture of 1 ccm. of glacial acetic acid, 6 
drops of sulphuric acid, and of 1 drop of nitric acid, no coloration 
should take place. 

If 0.1 g. of it be evaporated on a water-bath, no weighable solid 
residue should be obtained. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



METHYL SULFONALUM. 

Methyl SulphouHl. 

C,HiAS. = 242.3 

Colorless, lustrous, ixlorless, crystalline scales, soluble in 320 jMirts 
of water, and in about 25 parts of boiling water, showing a neutral 
reaction, roadilv soluble in alcohol, and in ether. Melting point: 
76^ C. 



METH. SULFONAL. MORPH. DIACET. HYDROCHLO. 211 

When heated with powdered charcoal in a test-tube, Methyl SuL» 
phonal evolves the odor of mercaptan. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 50 parts of boiling water, no 
odor should be evolved ; if the resulting solution be filtered after 
cx)oling, the filtrate should produce no change with a solution either 
of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate; if lOccm. of the same aqueous 
solution be mixed with 1 drop of potassium permanganate solution, 
immediate decoloration should not take place. 

On heating strongly, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 

MINIUM. 

Minium. 

A red, heavy powder, insoluble in water. 

When lieated with hydrochloric acid, Minium evolves chlorine and 
produces a white, crystalline substance. 

If 5 g. of it be triturated with 1 g. of oxalic acid and thrown into 
20ccm. of hot. nitric acid, and SPccm. of hot water be gradually 
added, a clear solution should be obtained ; and the insoluble sub- 
stance, if any, should be not more than 0.07 g. 

Keep with care. 



MORPHINUM DIACETYLICUM 
HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Diacetyl Morphine Hydrochloride. 

CnHasNOg.HCl = 405.73 

A white, crystalline powder, easily soluble in water, and in alcohol, 
showing a neutral reaction, but insoluble in ether. Melting point : 
about 230° C. 

If 0.1 g. of Diacetyl Morphine Hydrochloride be boiled for 2 
or 3 minutes with 2 ccm. of dilute sulphuric acid, and then lieated 



212 MORPH. DIACET. HYI)ROCHI.O. JIORPH. HYDROCHLO. 

with 2 or 3 drops of alcohol, a pleasant odor of ethyl acetate is 
evolved ; if the above solution be almost neutralised with dilute 
sodium hydroxide solution (1 : 20), and evaporated to dryness on a 
water-bath, the resulting residue acquires a red color with nitric acid 
and a blue color with ferric chloride solution. 

Its aqueous solution produces, with silver nitrate solution, a white 
precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 50) should be affected neither by barium 
nitrate solution, nor by dilute sulphuric acid; the same should also 
be the cr.se, if 5 ccm. of the same aqueoas solution be mixed with 5 
drops of the solution of a small quantity of red prussiate of potash 
in 5 ccm. of water, to which a drop of ferric chloride solution is 
added ; the same aqueous solution, when heated with sodium hydrox- 
ide solution, should evolve no ammoniacal vapors. 

On heating strongly, 0.01 g. of it should be consumed without 
leavina: anv solid residue. 

It should dissolve colorless in sulphuric acid, but with a yellow 
color in nitric £cid. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



MORPHINUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Morphine Hydrochloride. 
Ci;H,cJf O^-Ha + Slip = 375.75 

White, needle-shaped crystals, witli a silky lustre, usually in 
white, cubical masses soluble in 25 parts of water, and in 50 parts 
of alcohol, showing a neutral reaction, but insoluble in ether. 

A cold, saturated aqueous solution of Morphine Hydrochloride 
produces crystals on adding hydrochloric acid. 

Its aqueous solution produces, with silver nitrate solution, a white, 
curdy precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. 

If a small crystal of it be dissolved in 5 drops of sulphuric acid 
in a dry test-tube, and heated for 15 minutes in a water-bath and 
cooled, the solution, on being mixed with a trace of nitric acid, ac- 
(|uires a blood-red coloration. 



MORPH. HYDROCHLO. MORPH. SULFURIC. ^13 

I — » 

« 

If 1 part of It be mixed with 4 parts of sugar, and sulphuric acid 
added, the mixture acquires a red color which becomes distinct on 
the subsequent addition of 1 drop of bromine water. 

When triturated with sulphuric acid, it should dissolve colorless or 
only with a slightly reddish color, and when bismuth subnitrate is 
sprinked on that solution, a dark brown color should be produced. 

A drop of potassium carbonate solution, when mixed with 5ccm. 
of its aqueous solution (1 : 30), produces, immediately or after a few 
seconds, a pure white, crystalline precipitate which should, on ex- 
posure to the air, neither acquire any color nor should, on shaking 
it with chloroform, color the latter reddish. 

A drop of ammonia water, when added to 5ccm. of its aqueous 
solution (1 : 30), immediately produces a pure white, crystalline pre- 
cipitate which easily dissolves colorless in sodium hydroxide solution, 
but dissolves somewhat difficultly in excess of ammonia water and 
also in lime water ; if the above precipitate be dissolved in sodium 
hydroxide solution and shaken with an equal volume of ether, the 
clear ethereal solution, on being separated and evaporated, should 
leave no weighable residue. 

Its aqueous solution should produce no turbidity with barium 
nitrate solution. 

When dried at 100° C, it should diminish not more than 14.4 
per cent, in weight, and the dried salt should be pure white, or only 
very slightly yellowish colored. 

On ignition, 0.01 g. of it should leave no solid residue. 
Keep with special care. 

MORPHINUM SULFURICUM. 

Morphine Sulphate. 
(C,7H,9N03)2.H2S04 + 5H,0 = 758.64 

Colorless or white, acicular crystals, having a silky lustre ; soluble 
in 24 parts of water, and in 700 parts of alcohol, showing a neutral 
reaction, but insoluble in ether. 

An aqueous solution of Morphine Sulphate, when mixed with barium 
nitrate solution, yields a white precipitate insoluble in acids. 



214 MORPH. SULFURIC. MUCIL. GUM. ARAB. 

• 

The aqueous solution (1 : 30) of it, after being acidified with dilute 
nitric acid, should produce no turbidity with silver nitrate solution. 

The salt, when dried at 130° C, should lose not more than 11.9 
per cent, of its weight. 

Its otlier tests should conform with those given under M(yi*pldnim 
EydrocMoricum . 

Keep with special care. 



MOSCHUS. 
Musk. 

The secretion from the preputial follicles of Moschua moschi/eru^ 
Linn. 

More or le&s soft, when fresh, but appearing as a dark brownish 
or a dark reddish-brown mass consisting of crumbly, unctuous grains, 
when dried; having a characteristic, penetrating and i)ersist€nt odor. 

When moistened with turpentine oil, and examined under the 
microscope, Musk consists of almost uniform, semi-translucent, brown 
I)ieccs or masses, and should be free from other impurities. 

It should have no more than a faint odor, if at all, of ammonia. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 8 per cent, of solid 
residue. 



MUCILAGO GUMMI ARABICI. 

Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 

Wash 

Gum Arabic \pi- 

quickly with cold distilled water ; add to it 

Wajrm Distilled Water 2 p^^ 

dissolve it by warming under agitation and strain. 
Keep in a cool place, but not for a long time. 



MUCIL. SALEP- 



-MYRBHA 215 



MUCILAGO SALEP. 

Mucilage of Salep. 

Thoroughly mix 

Salep, in ^neditim poutlei* 1 p'. 

hy shaking with 

Distilled Water 9 P^. 

to the resulting mixture, add 

Boiling DiBtiUed Water 90 i> «. 

and shake till it cools. 

Prepare freshly when wanted. 



MUCILAGO TRAGACANTH/E. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth. 

Take 

Tragacanth Ipt. 

Glycerin 5 pn. 

triturate them with 

Tepid Distilled Water .94 p/^. 



MYRRHA. 

Myrrh. 

A gum-resin obtained from Commiphoixi abysainica Engl, and 
Commiphora Schimperi Engl, 

Yellowish, reddish or brown, granular or irregular masses; inter- 
nally often marked, here and there, with whitish veins ; translucent 
when broken into small pieces ; having a characteristic aromatic 
odor, and a bitter, acrid taste. 

When triturated with water, Myrrh yields a yellow emulsion. 



216 MYRRH A NAPHTHOLU M 



If Ig. of its powder be shaken with 2— 3g. of ether and filtered, 
there results a yellow solution which acquires, when brought in contact 
with bromine vapor, a pink-violet color. 

If it be completely extracted with boiling alcohol, the residue, 
after being dried, should weigh not more than 70 per cent. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 6 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

NAPHTHALINUM. 

Naphtalin. 
C,oH8= 128.08 

Colorless, shining laminae or prisms, having a characteristic, pene- 
trating odor and a burning taste, volatilising slowly at ordinary tem- 
peratures. Melting point : 80® C. Boiling point : 218® C. 

The vapor of Naphtalin is inflammable, burning with a luminous 
but smoky flame ; largely soluble in boiling alcohol, ether, chloroform, 
and in carbon disulphide, but insoluble in water which, when boiled 
with it, acquires a fiiintly aromatic odor and taste. 

It is insoluble in sodium hydroxide solution, and should not redden 
a moistened, blue litmus paper. 

On shaking it with sulphuric acid, the latter should acquire only, 
if any, a slightly reddish tint which should also remain the same, 
even if the mixture be heated on a water-bath. 

On igniting 0.2 g. of it, no weighable solid residue should be 
obtained. 



NAPHTHOLUM. 

Naphtol. 

C,oHsO = 144.08 

Colorless, shining, crystalline laminse, or a white, crystalline powder, 
with an odor resembling that of carbolic acid, and a sharp, pungent 
taste; difficultly soluble in water, but soluble in about 75 parts of 



NAPHTHOLUM ^NAT.-KALI. TARTAR. 217 

boiling water, showing a neutral reaction, easily soluble in alcohol, 
ether, chloroform, and also in sodium hydroxide solution. Melting 
point: 122° C. Boiling point: 286° C. 

On mixing with ammonia water, its aqueous solution exhibits a 
violet fluorescence, while with chlorine water, the same solution 
produces a white turbidity, but becomes clear again, when an excess 
of ammonia water is added, acquiring at first a green color which 
afterwards changes to brown. 

Its aqueous solution deposits, shortly after adding a solution of 
ferric chloride, a white flocculent precipitate. 

If 1 part of it be added to 50 parts of ammonia water, it dissolves 
completely without leaving any residue, and should produce no more 
than a slightly pale yellow coloration. 

A hot, saturated aqueous solution of it should acquire no violet 
color with ferric chloride solution. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keep ]>rotected from light. 



NATRIO-KALIUM TARTARICUM. fial Seigfietti. 

Potassium Sodium Tartrate. Rochelle Salt. 

KNaC,H A + 4H2O = 282.32 

Colorless, transparent, rhombic prisms, or a white powder, with a 
mild saline taste ; soluble in 1.4 parts of water, showing a neutral 
reaction, but almost insoluble in alcohol. 

When heated strongly. Potassium Sodium Tartrate melts and then 
carbonises, emitting the odor of burning sugar, and produces a residue 
which shows an alkaline reaction, and colors a non-luminous flame 
yellow. 

It contains above 98 per cent, of pure potassium sodium tartrate. 

An aqueous solution of the salt yields, when mixed with acetic 
acid, a white crystalline precipitate. 



218 NAT.-ICALI. TARTAR. NAT. ACETIC. 

If its aqueous solution (1 : 10) be shaken with 6 ocm. of dilute 
acetic acid, and after the crystalline precipitate has subsided, the clear 
solution be diluted with equal parts of water, the resulting solution 
should produce no change within 1 minute with 8 drops of ammonium 
oxalate solution. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should not be affected by 
hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If its aqueous solution be mixed with nitric acid, and the crystal- 
line precipitate here produced be filtered off, the filtrate should neither 
become turbid with barium nitrate solution, nor should it produce, 
with silver nitrate solution, any more than an opalescence. 

When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, the salt should 
evolve no ammonia. 

If 1 .41 g. of the salt be strongly heated and completely carbonised, 
and the resulting residue boiled with water and be filtered, then the 
filtrate obtained should require, for its complete neutralisation, at 
least 9.8 ccm. of normal hydrochloric acid solution. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



NATRIUM ACETICUM. 

Sodium Acetate. 
NaC2H30.+ 3H.O = 136.14 

Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals, efflorescent in dry air; 
soluble in 1 part of water, showing a neutral or a slightly alkaline 
reaction, also soluble in 23 parts of cold, and in 1 part of boiling 
alcohol. 

When heated. Sodium Acetate first dissolves in its own water of 
crystallisation, then become a white, dry mass which melts again on 
heating more strongly. 

On heating to redness, it carbonises, emitting the odor of acetone, 
and the resulting solid residue shows a strongly alkaline reaction, and 
imparts a yellow color to a non-luminous flame. 



NAT. ACETIC. NAT. BENZOIC. 219 

An aqueous solution of the salt acquires, on adding ferric chloride 
solution, a dark red color. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change witli 
a solution of hydrogen sulphide, ammonium sulphide, barium nitrate, 
or of ammonium oxalate. The same aqueous solution, after being 
mixed with an equal volume of water aud a small quantity of 
nitric acid, produces no change with silver nitrate solution. If 
20 ccm. of the same aqueous solution be mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the 
solution of yellow prussiate of potasli, no blue coloration should take 
place. 

Keep in well-stopi)ercd bottles. 



NATRIUM BENZOICUM. 

Sodium Benzoate. 
Na(^;HA = H4.1 

A colorless, amorphous or crystalline powder, soluble in 2 parts of 
water, and in 50 parts of alcohol; melting and tlien charring, when 
heated, leaving finally a residue which reacts alkaline, and imparts a 
yellow color to a non-luminous flame. 

An aqueous solution of Sodium Benzoate yields, with ferric chloride 
solution, a yellowish-brown precipitate. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be slightly heated, aud the resulting residue 
dissolved in 30 ccm. of water and be filtered, the filtrate obtained, 
after being acidified with nitric acid, should produce, with silver 
nitrate solution, no more than an opalescence. 

The salt should dissolve with no coloration in sulphuric acid. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt shows a slightly acid re- 
action, and should not become turbid with barium nitrate solution. 



220 JTATEITJM BICAEBONICUM 



NATRIUM BICARBONICUM. 

Sodium Bicarbonate. 
NaHC03= 84.06 

White, crystalline masses, or powder, permanent in the air ; solu- 
ble in 14 parts of water, showing a slightly alkaline reaction, but 
insoluble in alcohol. 

Sodium Bicarbonate imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, 
a yellow color to the latter, and when seen through a cobalt glass, 
no violet-red color should permanently be visible. 

The salt dissolves with effervescence in acids. 

If an aqueous solution (1 : 50) of the salt be heated with sodium 
hydroxide solution, no ammonia should be evolved ; the same aqueous 
solution, after being acidified with acetic acid, produces no change 
with hydrogen sulphide solution, nor should it produce, with barium 
nitrate solution, any more than a slight turbidity even after 2 
minutes. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 50), after being acidified w^ith nitric acid, 
remains clear, and produces, on adding silver nitrate solution, no more 
than an opalescence after 10 minutes ; the same aqueous solution should 
acquire no red color with ferric chloride solution. 

If Ig. of the salt be dissolved, without shaking strongly, in 20 com. 
of water, at a temperature not above 15° C, and 3 drops of phenol- 
phthalein solution be added, a red color should not appear immedi- 
ately, and in cases when a slightly red coloration Ls produced, it 
should disappear on adding 0.2 ccm. of normal hydrochloric add 
solution. 

If the salt, after being dried in a sulphuric acid desiccator, be 
heated to redness, it should leave not more than 63.8 per cent, of 
solid residue. 



KATEIL^f BROMATUM 221 



NATRIUM BROMATUM. 

Sodium Bromide. 
NaBr = 103.01 

A white, slightly hygroscopic, crj'stalline powder, soluble in 1.2 
parts of water, and in 10 parts of alcohol. 

Sodium Bromide imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, a 
yellow color to the latter, and when seen through a cobalt glass, no 
violet-red color should permanently be visible. 

It contains above 95 per cent, of pure sodium bromide. 

If its aqueous solution be mixed with a little chlorine water and 
shaken with ether or chloroform, the latter acquires a reddish-brown 
color. 

If the powdered salt be moistened with 1 or 2 drops of dilute 

sulphuric acid in a white porcelain dish, no yellow color should im- 
mediately be produced. 

The powdered salt should not immediately change a moistened, 
red litmus paper to a violet-blue. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
a solution either of hydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate, and the 
same also with dilute sulphuric acid ; 20 ccm. of the same solution, 
after being acidified with 1 or 2 drops of hydrochloric acid, should 
acquire no blue coloration with 0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow 
prussiate of potash. 

If 3 g. of the salt, dried at 100° C, be dissolved in 100 ccm. of 
water, 10 ccm. of the resulting solution, after being mixed with 1 or 
2 drops of potassium chromate solution, should require, in order to 
produce a permanent red color, not more than 29.3 ccm. of dccinor- 
mal silver nitrate solution. 

Keep in well-stopj)ered bottles. 



222 NAT. CARB. NAT. CARB. CRUD. 



NATRIUM CARBONICUM. 

Sodium Carbonate. 
Xa,C03+ 10H2O= 286.3 

Colorless, transparent crystals, showing a strongly alkaline reaction; 
efflorescent in the air; soluble in 1.6 parts of water, and in 0.2 parts 
of boiling water, but insoluble in alcohol. 

Sodium Carbonate imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, 
a yellow color to the latter. 

The salt dissolves with effervescence in acids. 

It contains 37 per cent, of pure sodium carbonate (XaXK)3= 106.1). 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no change 
with hydrogen sulphide solution, nor should the same solution pro- 
duce, after being supersaturated with acetic acid, any change with a 
solution either of hydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate ; after 
being mixed with an excess of nitric acid, the same aqueous solution 
should produce, with silver nitrate solution, no more than an opales- 
cence within 10 minutes. 

If its aqueous solution (1 : 20), after being acidified with sulphuric 
acid, be mixed with an equal volume of sulphuric acid and aft^r cool- 
ing, 1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution be cautiously added so as to 
form 2 layers of liquids, no brow^nish ring should appear at their con- 
tact surface ; the same solution should not decolorise an iodine solution. 

If the salt be warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, no ammo- 
nia should be evolved. 

In order to neutralise 1 g. of tlie salt, at least 7 ccm. of normal 
hydrochloric acid solution should be required. 

Keep in wxll-stoppered bottles. 

NATRIUM CARBONICUM CRUDUM. 

Crude Sodium Carbonate. 

Colorless crystals, or crystalline masses, efflorescent in the air; 
soluble in 2 parts of w\ater, showing a strongly alkaline reaction. 



NAT. CARB. CRUD. NAT. CHLORAT. 223 

Crude Sodium Carbonate imparts, when heated in a non-luminous 
flame, a yellow color to the latter. 

The salt dissolves with effervescence in acids. 

The salt contains above 34.5 per cent, of pure Sodium Carbonate 
(XasC03 = 106.1). 

In order to neutralise 1 g. of the salt, at least 6.5 ccm. of normal 
Iiydrochloric acid solution should be required. 



NATRIUM CARBONICUM SICCUM. 

Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate. 

Reduce sodium carbonate to a coarse powder, and allow it to efflo- 
resce completely at a temperature not above 25° C, protecting at the 
same time from dust, then dry at 40° — 50° C. till it loses about one- 
half of its weight ; finally pass through a sieve. 

A white, bulky powder which does not stick together by pressing. 

The tests for Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate should conform witli 
those given under Natrium Carbonicum. 

In order to neutralise 1 g. of the salt, at least 14 ccm. of normal 
hydrochloric acid solution should be required. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

NATRIUM CHLORATUM. 

Sodium Chloride. 
NaCl=58.5 

'White, cubical crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, having a 
pure saline taste ; j)ermanent in the air ; soluble in 2.7 parts of 
water, showing a neutral reaction, but insoluble in alcohol. 

Sodium Chloride imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, 
a yellow color to the latter, and when seen through a cobalt glass, 
no violet-red color should permanently be visible. 

An aqueous solution of the salt produces, when mixed with silver 
nitrate solution, a white, curdy precipitate soluble in ammonia water. 



224 NAT. CHLORAT. NAT. lODAT. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
a solution either of liydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate, and the 
same also with dilute sulphuric acid ; the same aqueous solution, after 
being mixed with ammonia water, produces no change with a solution 
either of ammonium oxalate or of sodium phoshate ; 20 ccm. of the 
same aqueous solution should acquire no blue color with 0.5 ccm. of 
the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

NATRIUM lODATUM. 

Sodium Iodide. 
Nal= 149.9 

A dry, white, crystalline powder, having a bitter, saline taste ; 
deliquescent ; soluble in 0.6 parts of water, and in 3 parts of alcohol. 

Sodium Iodide imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, a 
yellow color to the latter, and when seen through a cobalt glass, no 
violet-red color should permanently be visible. 

It contains above 95 per cent, of pure sodium iodide. 

If an aqueous solution of the salt be mixed with a small quantity 
of chlorine water, and shaken with chloroform, the latter acquires a 
violet coloration. 

The powdered salt should not immediately change the color of a 
moistened, red litmus paper to violet-blue. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
a solution either of hydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate ; if the 
same aqueous solution be slightly watmed with a small quantity of 
sodium hydroxide solution, a piece of ferrous sulphate, and 5 drops 
of ferric chloride solution and cooled, the mixture, on being super- 
saturated with hydrochloric acid should acquire no blue color. 

If 1 part of the salt be dissolved in 19 parts of water, which has 
freslily been boiled and cooled, and the resulting solution be mixed 
with a starch solution and dilute sulphuric acid, no immediate colora- 
tion should take place. 

If 20 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 20) be acidified with 2 or 3 
drops of hydrochloric acid, and mixed with 0.5 ccm. of the solution 
of yellow prussiate of potash, no blue coloration should take place. 



KAT. lODAT. ^NAT. NITRIC. - 225 

If 1 g. of the salt be heated witli a mixture of 5 com. of sodmm 
hydroxide solution and 0.5 g. each, of zinc and of iron powder, n<» 
ammonia should be evolved. 

If 0.2 g. of the dried salt be dissolved in 2 ccm. of ammonia water^ 
and 14 ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution be added to it 
under agitation, then the solution, which is obtained by filtering, on 
being supersaturated with nitric acid, should neither become turbid 
nor colored within 10 minutes. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles 

NATRIUM NITRICUM. 

Sodium Nitrate. 
NaNO3=85.09 

Colorless, transparent, rhombohedral crystals, or a crystalline pow- 
der, having a cooling, saline and slightly bitter taste ; hygroscopical ; 
soluble in 1.3 parts of water, and in 50 parts of alcohol, showing 9. 
neutral reaction. ; • 

If an aqueous solution of Sodium Nitrate be mixed witli a gatur 
rated solution of ferrous sulphate, and sulphuric acid bearded to 
the mixture, a blackish-brown coloration should be produced. 

If it be taken on a platinum wire loop, and heated in a non- 
luminous flame, a yellow coloration is :in)partcd to the latter, and 
when seen through a cobalt glass, no violet- red color should perma- 
nently be visible. 

. The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
hydrogen sulphide solution, nor should it produce, after being mixed 
with ammonia water, any change with a solution either of ammonium 
oxalate or of sodium phosphate ; the same aqueous solution should 
produce no change, within 5 minutes, with a solution either of silver 
nitrate or of barium nitrate. 

If 5 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 20) be added to a mixture of 
dilute sulphuric acid and a solution of zinc iodide and starch, no 
blue coloration should immediately be produced ; if the same aqueous 
solution be mixed with a small quantity of chlorine water and shaken 
with chloroform, the latter should acquire no violet coloration. 



226 NAT.NITRIC. NAT. PHOSPHORIC. 

If lOocm. of its aqueous solution (1 : 20) be mixed with 0.2 ccm. 
of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no change should tike 
place. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



NATRIUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

Sodium Phosphate. 

Na2HP04+ 12H20=368.35 

Colorless, transparent crystals, effervescent in dry air ; soluble in 5.8 
parts of water, showing an alkaline reaction. Melting point : 40° C. 

Sodium Phosphate imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, 
a yellow color to the latter, and when seen through a cobalt glas.*, 
no violet-red color should permanently he visible. 

An aqueous solution of the salt, when mixed with silver nitrate 
solution, produces a yellow precipitate which is soluble both in 
nitric acid and in ammonia water, and which does not turn brown 
on warming. 

K Ig. of the powdered and dehydrated salt be mixed with 3 ccm. 
of stannous chloride solution, no dark coloration should be produced 
within an hour. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no cliange 
with hydrogen sulphide solution ; the same aqueous solution, on being 
acidified with nitric acid, should produce no effervescence ; and the 
same, acidified aqueous solution produces only opalescence, after 3 
minutes, with a solution either of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate; 
20 ccm. of the same aqueous solution should produce no change with 
0.5 ccm. of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 

On heating 1 g. of the salt to redness, 0.37— 0.38 g. of a white 
residue should be obtained. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



NAT. SALICYLIC. NAT. SULFOCARBOL. 227 



NATRIUM SALICYLICUM. 

Sodium Salicylate. 
XaG^HgOa^ieO.l 

White, odorless scales, or a crystalline powder, having a sweetish, 
saline and slightly bitter taste ; soluble in 1 part of water, and in 
6 parts of alcohol. 

When heated in a test-tube, Sodium Salicylate carbonises, giving 
off white vapors, and the residue dissolves with effervescence in acids, 
and imparts a yellow color to a non-luminous flame. 

An aqueous solution of the salt yields, on adding hydrochloric acid, 
white crystals easily soluble in ether. 

A very dilute aqueous solution (1 : 1000) of the salt acquires a 
violet color on adding ferric chloride solution. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 5) of the salt is either colorless or slight- 
ly reddish, and the reaction, if acid, should be only very slight. 

If 0.1 g. of the salt be mixed with 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid, it 
should dissolve with no effervescence, and also with almost no coloration. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt should produce no change 
with a solution either of hydrogen sulphide or of barium nitrate ; 2 
volumes of the same aqueous solution, when mixed with 3 volumes of 
alcohol and acidified with nitric acid, should produce no more than 
an opalescence with silver nitrate solution. 

On heating 1 g. of the salt to redness, it should leave about 0.32 g. 
of solid residue. 

NATRIUM SULFOCARBOUCUM. 

Sodium Sulphocarbolate. 
NaCoH AS + 2H2O = 232.2 

Colorless, transparent prisms, having no or almost no odor, but 
with a cooling, saline and slightly bitter taste ; soluble in 6 parts of 
water, and in 150 parts of alcohol, showing a neutral reaction. 



228 NAT. SULFOCARBOI.. NAT. SULFURIC. 

Sodium Sulphocarbolate carbonises, when heated, evolvin<]^ the odor 
of carbolic acid, and finally leaves, on ignition, a solid residue wliieli 
imparts, when heated in a non-luminous flame, a yellow color to the 
latter. 

A dilute aqueous solution of the salt acquires, on adding ferric 
chloride solution, a violet coloration. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change with 
a solution either of hydrogen sulphide or of ammonium sulphide ; 
tlie same aqueous solution should produce no more than an opale55cencc 
with a solution either of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate. 

On heating 1 g. of the salt to redness, about 0.3 g. of solid residue 
should be obtained. 

When dried at 125° C, the salt should lose about 15.5 per eent. 
of its weight. 



NATRIUM SULFURICUM. 

Sodium Sulphate. 
Na2S04+ 10H2O=3*22.36 

Colorless crystals, having a cooling, saline and slightly bitter taste ; 
efflorescent in dry air ; soluble in 3 parts of cold water, in 0.3 parts 
of water at 33° C., and in 0.4 parts of water at 100° C, but insolu- 
ble in alcohol ; reacting neutral to test-papers, and easily melting 
when heated. 

Sodium Sulphate, when heated in a non-luminous flame, impart^ 
a vellow color to the latter. 

An aqueous solution of the salt produces, on being mixed "with 
barium nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in acids. 

If 1 g. of the finely powdered, anhydrous salt be mixed with 
3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution, no dark coloration should take 
place within an hour. 

Tlie aqueous solution (1 : 20) of the salt produces no change wth 
a solution either of hydrogen sulphide, or of sodium phosphate after 
adding ammonia water ; the same aqueous solution should, with a 
solution of silver nitrate, produce no change within 5 minutes. 



NAT. SULFURIC. NAT. CAUSTIC. 229 

If 20ccin. of its aqueous solution (1 : 20) be mixed with 0.5 ccm. 
of the .solution of yellow prussiate of potash, no change should take 
place. 

On heating the salt with sodium liydroxide solution, no ammonia 
should be evolved. 

If 2 ccm. of its aqueous solution acidified with sulphuric acid, be 
mixed with an equal volume of sulphuric acid, and after cooling, 
1 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution be added so as to form 2 layers of 
liquids, no brownish ring should be formed at their contact surface. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



NATRIUM SULFURICUM SICCUM. 

Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate. 

After allowing coarsely powdered sodium sulphate to effloresce 
completely at a temperature not above 25° C, dry it at 40° — 50° C, 
and when one-half of its weight is lost, pass it through a sieve. 

A white, bulky powder, not sticking together even when pressed. 

The tests for Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate should conform with 
those mentioned under Natrium Sulfuric nrriy an aqueous solution (1: 
40) being used. 

NATRUM CAUSTICUM. 

Sodium Hydroxide. 
NaOH = 40.06 

Dry, white masses or pencils, showing a crystalline fracture ; 
strongly caustic; deliquescent in the air, and easily soluble in water. 

Sodium Hydroxide, when heated in a non-luminous flame, imparts 
a yellow color to the latter. 

It should contain above 90 per cent, of pure sodium hydroxide. 

A aqueous solution of it, on being mixed with an excess of tartaric 
acid solution, should produce no change. 



230 NAT. CAUSTIC. XITROGLYCERIN. 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved ia 2 ccm. of water, and lOccm. of alcohol 
added, a very slight precipitate should only be produced after a 
short time. 

If 1 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of water, and the solution 
boiled with 20 ccm. of lime water, and be filtered, the filtrate should, 
on being poured into an excess of hydrochloric acid, produce no 
effervescence. 

If 5 ccm. of its dilute sulphuric acid solution (1 : 20) be mixed 
with 2 ccm. of sulphuric acid, and after cooling, 1 ccm. of saturated 
ferrous sulphate solution be carefully poured on to the mixture so as 
to form 2 separate layers of liquid.s, no brownish ring should appear 
at their contact surface. 

Its aqueoas solution (1 : 50), after being acidified with nitric acid, 
should neither produce immediately any change with barium nitrate 
solution, nor produce any more than an opalescence with silver 
nitrate solution. 

In order to neutralise 10 ccm. of its aqueous solution prepared by 
dissolving 4g. in 100 ccm. of water, at least 9 ccm. of normal hydro- 
chloric acid solution should be required. 

Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



NITROGLYCERINUM. 

Nitroglycerin. 

* 

CsH^NgOo^ 227.17 

A colorless, odorless, oily liquid of a sweet taste; soluble in 800 
parts of water, and in 4 parts of alcohol ; miscible, in all propor- 
tions, with ether, chlorform, acetic acid, and also with fats. 

Nitroglycerin explodes when struck or suddenly heated to 200° C, 
and often spontaneously also by accident. 

Its aqueous solution should show no more than a slightly acid re- 
action, and produce no precipitate with barium nitrate solution. 

It can only be i)reserved as an alcoholic solution (1 : 100). 

Keep with sj^ecial care, protected from light. 



OLEUM AMYGDALARmi 231 



OLEUM AMYGDALARUM. 
Almond Oil. 

A thin fatty oil obtained by expression from bitter or sweet almond. 
A clear, light yellow liquid, almost inodorous; having a bland 
taste. Specific gravity: 0.915-0.920. 

Almond Oil should be free from rancid odor or taste, not solidi- 
fying even when cooled to — 10°C. 

If 2 com. of the oil be strongly shaken with a mixture of fuming 
nitric acid and of water, each 1 ccm., a whitish mixture should be 
formed, and no red or brown color should be produced ; the above 
mixture, after standing for 2 — 6 hours, should separate into a w^hite 
solid mass and an almost colorless liquid. 

If 10 ccm. of the oil be mixed with 15 ccm. of sodium hydroxide 
solution and 10 ccm. of alcohol, and the mixture be allowed to stand 
at a temperature of 35° — 40° C. until it becomes clear, and diluted 
with 100 ccm. of water, a clear solution is obtained; the oily liquid, 
wliich is set free by adding an excess of hydrochloric acid to the above 
clear solution, is separated, washed with warm water, and left on a 
water-bath, then the clear oil thus prepared should remain in oily state 
at 15° C, and 1 volume of that oil should dissolve clearly in 1 
volume of alcohol, and the alcoholic solution should deposit no solid 
fatty acid at 15° C, and also produce no turbidity on the fresh ad- 
dition of 1 volume of alcohol. 

Dissolve about 0.2 g. of the oil in 1 5 ccm. of chloroform in a 
glass-stoppered bottle ; add 10 ccm. each, of alcoholic solutions of 
iodine and of mercuric chloride, and if, after setting aside the above 
mixture for 4 hours, protected from direct sun-light, 2.5 g. of potas- 
sium iodide and 100 ccm. of water be added, and the resulting solu- 
tion be decolorised by titrating the excess of iodine with decinormal 
sodium thiosulphate solution, then 100 parts of the oil should absorb 
more than 95 parts, but not more than 100 parts of iodine. 



232 OL. AURAX. OORTI. OL. BERGAMOT. 

OLEUM AURANTII CORTICIS. 

Oil of Orange Peel. 

A volatile oil obtained by expression from the peel of the fruit 
of several species of Citnis. 

A colorless or yellowish, thin liquid, having a characteristic, aro- 
matic odor and a somewhat bitter taste j not clearly miscible vrith 
equal parts of alcohol, and exploding violently when mixed with iodine- 
Specific gravity : 0.85 — 0.86. 



OLEUM AURANTII FLORUM. 

Oil of Orange Flower. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the fresh flowers of the several 
species of Citrus with water. 

A brownish-yellow, thin liquid, showing a neutral reaction ; having 
a very pleasant odor; clearly miscible with 1 — 2 parts of alcohol. 
Specific gravity: 0.86-0.88. 

If a small quantity of Oil of Orange Flower be taken into a 
test-tube, and a little alcohol be carefully added so as to. form 2 
layers of liquids, then a beautiful, violet fluorescence is produced 
on agitation. 



OLEUM BERGAMOTT>E. 

Bergamot Oil. 

A thin volatile oil obtained by expression from the fresh pericarp 
of Citrus Bergamia Risso et Poiteau. 

A greenish or grcenish-yello\v liquid, having a very pleasant, charac- 
teristic odor and an aromatic, bitter taste ; miscible, in all propor- 
tions, with glacial acetic acid. Specific gravity : 0.880—0.886. 



OL. BEBGAMOT.— OLEUM CACAO 233 



If 2 volumes of Bergamot Oil be mixed with 1 volume of alcohol, 
a clear, slightly acid liquid should be formed, and should, on the 
further addition of a large quantity of alcohol, not become turbid. 

If 1 volume of the oil be mixed at 20° C. with 1.5—2.0 volumes 
of a mixture of 80ccm. of alcohol and lOccm. of water, a clear solu- 
tion should be obtained, and no oily drops should be deposited, 
though it might become turbid. 

If about 2g. of the oil be evaporated on a water-bath, until its 
odor ceases ta be recognised, not more than 6 per cent, of a soft, 
green, homogeneous substance should be left behind. 

If 1 ocm. of the oil be shaken with the mixture of 5 ccm. of water 
and 5 drops of acetic acid, and filtered, the filtrate should produce, 
with hydrogen sulphide solution, no more than a slight coloration. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light, in a cool place. 



OLEUM CACAO. 

Butter of Cacao. 

Tlie fat obtained by expreasion from the peeled seed of Tlieobroma 
Cacao Linn. 

A white or faintly yellowish solid, having a weak characteristic 
«)dor and a mild taste ; hard and brittle at 15° C. Melting point : 
30°— 33°C. 

Butter of Cacao should have no rancid smell. 

A solution of 1 part of it in 2 parts of ether should not become 
turbid at 12**— 15° C. within a day. 

Dissolve 0.5 g. of it in 15 ccm. of chloroform in a glass-stoppered 
bottle ; add 10 ccm. each, of alcoholic iodine sohition and of alcoholic 
mercuric chloride solution, and if, after setting aside the above mix- 
ture for 4 hours, protected from direct sun-light, 2.5 g. of potassium 
iodide and 100 ccm. of water be added, and the resulting solution be 
decolorised by pouring in, drop by drop, decinorraal sodium thiosul- 
phate solution, then 100 parts of the oil should absorb more than 
•U parts, but not more than 38 parts of iodine. 



234 OL. CAJUPUTI OL. CANTHARID. 



OLEUM CAJEPUTI. 

Oil of Cajuput. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the leaves of Melaleuca I^eu- 
cadendron Linn, with water. 

A colorless or light yellowish or greenish, neutral, thin liquid, 
having a characteristic camphoraoeous, peaetrating odor ; miscible clear- 
ly, in all proportions, with alcohol. Specific gravity: 0.91—0.93. 

If 5 ccm. of Oil of Cajuput be gradually mixed with 1 g. of iodine 
at 50° C. and cooled, it solidifies to a crystalline mass. 

If 1 ccm. of the oil be mixed with 20 ccm. of water, and then 
shaken with a drop of acetic acid, no coloration should take place on 
adding a drop of the solution of yellow prussiate of potash. 



OLEUM CAMPHORATUM. 

Camphorated Oil. 

Take 

Camphor 1 pt. 

dissolve it in 

Olive Oil 4 i><^. 

and filter. 



OLEUM CANTHARIDATUM. 

Oil of Cautharides. 

Take 

CaJitharides, in meiUniH powder 3 pfs. 

Olive Oil 10 i>^-^'* 

in a glass flask ; cork it tightly ; warm on a water-bath with occa- 
sional shakings for 10 hours ; press and filter tlie resulting oil. 
A greenish-yellow liquid. 



OL. CARYOPHYL. OL. CHLOROFORMII 235 

OLEUM CARYOPHYLLORUM. 

Oil of Cloves. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling cloves with water. 

A clear, colorless or yellowish, somewhat thick liquid, having a 
characteristic odor, and becoming gradually brown in the air ; sparingly 
soluble in water, but readily in alcohol, ether, and in glacial acetic 
acid- Specific gravity: 1.060 — 1.074. 

If 5 drops of Oil of Cloves be strongly shaken with lOccm. of 
lime water, the mixture separates into a soft, flocculent, crystalline 
mass and a yellow liquid. 

If 2 drops of the oil be dissolved in 4 ccm. of alcohol, and a drop 
of ferric chloride solution added , a green color will be produced. 

If 1 g. of the oil be shaken with 20 ccm. of hot water and filtered 
after cooling, the resulting clear filtrate shows a neutral reaction, and 
should acquire, with a drop of ferric chloride solution, only a grayish- 
green, but not a blue color. 

If Iccm. of the oil be shaken with 5 ccm. of dilute acetic acid and 
filtered, the resulting filtrate should not be more than slightly colored, 
if at all, by hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 1 part of the oil be mixed with 2 parts of dilute alcohol, a 
clear solution should be obtained. 

If 1 part of the oil be mixed with a solution of 1 g. of sodium 
salicylate in 1 ccm. of water, a clear solution should be obtained. 

If 1 drop of the oil be added to 5 ccm. of nitric acid (specific 
gravity: 1.4), neither a red coloration should take place, nor should 
the coloration, if any, be permanent. 

OLEUM CHLOROFORMII. 

Chloroform Oil. 

Mix 

Chloroform 1 pf- 

OUveOil ll>'- 

A clear, yellow liquid, with nn odor resembling that of chloroform. 



236 OL. CINKAMOMl OL. CITRI 



OLEUM CINNAMOMI. 

Oil of Cassia. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling cassia bark with water, 

A clear, yellow or brownisli, somewhat thick liquid, having a charac- 
teristic odor and a burning, slightly sweet taste, and showing a slightly 
acid reaction; soluble in 3 parts of dilute alcohol, and clearly misci- 
ble, in all proportions, with alcohol. Specific gravity: 1.055 — 1.070. 

Oil of Cassia contains above 70 per cent, by volume of pure cin- 
naraic aldehyde (CoH,0 = 132.08). 

If 4 drops of it be shaken with 4 drops of crude nitric acid, it 
forms, at a temperature not above 5^ C, a white, crystalline mass. 

A solution of 4 drops of the oil in lOccm. of alcohol should 
acquire, with a few drops of ferric chloride solution, only a browa 
but not a green or blue coloration. 

A solution of 1 part of the oil in 3 — 4 parts of dilute alcohol, 
when mixed with one-half its volume of a freshly prepared, saturat- 
ed solution of lead acetate in dilute alcohol, should produce no pre- 
cipitate at ordinary temperatures. 

If 5 ccm. of the oil be mixed with 45 ccm. of sodium bisulpliite 
solution, and warmed on a water-bath with occasional shakings for 
2 hours, there should remain not more than 1.5 ccm. of insoluble 
substance. 

When evaporated to dryness on a water-bath, it should leave not 
more than 8 per cent, of residue. 

If Iccm. of the oil be shaken with 5 ccm. of dilute acetic acid and 
filtered, the resulting filtrate should, after being mixed with 5 ccm. 
of alcohol, produce no precipitate, after 3 hours, by passing hydrogen 
sulphide. 



OLEUM CITRI. Oleum LimonU. 

Oil of Citron. Oil of Lemon. 

A volatile oil obtained from tlie fresh peel of lemon. 



OL. CITRI OL. EUCALYPTI 237 

A light yellow, thin liquid, having a characteristic, aromatic odor 
and a somewhat bitter taste ; clearly miscible with about 7 parts of 
alcohol, and exploding violently when mixed with iodine. Sjjecific 
gravity: 9.858-0.861. 



OLEUM CROTONIS. 

Croton Oil. 

A fatty oil obtained by expression from the peeled seeds of Croton 
Tiglium Linn. 

A brownish -yellow, somewhat thick liquid, having a characteristic, 
disagreeable odor, and showing an acid reaction ; soluble by warming 
in 2 volumes of absolute alcohol, and producing rubefaction when 
applied to the skin. Specific gravity: 0.94—0.96. 

If 2 ccm. of Croton Oil be strongly shaken with a mixture of 
1 ccm. each, of fuming nitric acid and of water, the mixture should 
neither completely nor partially solidify within 1 — 2 days. 

If 1 drop of the oil be mixed with 20 drops of sulphuric acid, a 
clear, dark brown liquid should be obtained. 

If a piece of paper, moistened with the oil, be set on fire and 
blown out, it should not emit the odor like that of burning animal 
fat. 

Keep with special care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



OLEUM EUCALYPTI. 

Oil of Eucalyptus. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling tlis leaves of Eucalyptus with 
water. 

A clear, colorless or pale yellow, thin liquid, having a character- 
istic, fragrant odor, and show-ing a neutral reaction ; clearly miscible, 
in all proportions, with alcohol, and not exploding when mixed witli 
iodine. 



238 OL. EUCALYPTI OL. HYOSCYAMI 

If 1 ccm. of Oil of Eucalyptus be mixed with 2ecm. of glacial 
acetic acid, and 2 ccm. of the saturated aqueous solution of sodium 
nitrite be added, the mixture, on being gently shaken, should form 
no crystalline masses. 

OLEUM FCENICULI. 

Oil of Fennel. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling fennel with water. 

A colorless or yellowish liquid, having a characteristic, fragrant 
odor and a sweetish, slightly bitter, camphoraceous taste ; soluble in 
an equal volume of alcohol. Specific gravity: 0.965 — 0.975. 

On cooling to 0® C, Oil of Fennel deposits crystals which com- 
pletely melt again at 5**C. 

OLEUM GYNOCARDI/€. 

Oil of Gynocardia. 

A whitish or yellowish, ointment-like mass, having a weak charac- 
teristic odor and a characteristic, fat-like, not acrid taste; melting at 
25°— 20°C. to a clear liquid. 

OLEUM HYOSCYAMI. 

Oil of Hyoscyamus. 

Take 

Hyoscyamus Leaves, medium cut A pu, 

moisten them with 

Alcohol 3 pt^ 

set aside for 2—3 hours; add to them 

OUve OU 4XS pu. 

warm the mixture on a water-bath, until the alcohol is completely 
volatilised ; press and filter the resulting liquid. 
A brownish-green liquid. 



OLEUM JECX)RLS— OLEUM JUNIPERI 239 



OLEUM JECORIS. 
Cod Liver Oil. 

A fatty oil obtained from the liver of several species of Gadus. 

A clear, straw-yellow or golden-yellow liquid, having a weak charac- 
teristic odor and a mild taste. Specific gravity : 0.924—0.931. 

If 5 drops of Cod Liver Oil be mixed with a drop of sulphuric 
acid, the mixture acquires a bluish- violet or a violet-red coloration. 

If 15 drops of the oil be shaken with 3 drops of fuming nitric 
acid, the mixture acquires a rose color changing afterwards to lemon- 
yellow. 

The oil should have no disagreeable, rancid odor or taste, and 
should only slightly redden, if at all, a blue litmus paper which is 
moistened with alcohol. 

On leaving for about 3 hours at 0°C., the oil should remain 
clear, and deposit no white solid substance. 

A mixture of 1 volume each, of the oil and of nitric acid, and a 
small quantity of copper filings, should remain, for a long time, in a 
clear liquid state. 

If 1 ccm. of the oil be shaken with 5 ccm. of dilute acetic acid 
and filtered, the resulting filtrate should not be affected by hydrogen 
sulphide solution. 



OLEUM JUNIPERI. 

Oil of Juniper. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling juniper with water. 

A clear, colorless or pale yellowish, thin liquid, having a charac- 
teristic, fragrant taste; soluble with a slight turbidity in 10 parts of 
alcohol, but soluble clearly in carbon disulphide. Specific gravity: 
0.865-0.880. 



240 OLEUM I.AUBI OLEUM LINI 



OLEUM LAURI. • 
Oil of Bay. 

A mixture of the fatty and volatile oils, obtained by expression 
from the fruit of Lauovts nohilis Linn. 

A green, crystalline, ointment-like mass, melting at about 40° C. 
to a dark green, aromatic liquid which is soluble both in ether and 
in benzene. 

If 1 part of Oil of Bay be lieated with 2 parts of alcoliol and 
cooled, then the liquid obtained by decant at ion should not be colored 
brown on adding ammonia water. 

OLEUM LAVANDUL/E. 

Oil of Lavender. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the flowers of lavender with 
water. 

A colorless or yellowish liquid, having an agreeable, aromatic odor 
and a somewhat bitter taste ; clearly soluble in 3 parts of dilute 
alcohol. Specific gravity: 0.885—0.900. 

If 1 g. of Oil of Lavender be heated with a reversed condenser 
on a water-bath for half an hour, with lOccm. of half-normal potas- 
sium hydroxide solution, and after cooling, 1 or 2 drops of pliPiiol- 
phthalein solution be added, aud decolorised by titrating back tlie 
excess of the alkali with half-normal hydrochloric acid solution, then 
not more than 7 ccm. of the latter solution should be required. 

OLEUM UNI. 

Linseed Oil. 

A fatty oil obtained by expression from linseed. 

A clear, yellow liquid, having a characteristic odor ; remaining iu 
a liquid state even at — 20°C., but drying when left aside in a thin 
layer. Specific gravity : 0.93 — 0.94. 



OLEUM LINI OLEUM MEXTHiE 241 

If 20 parts of Linseed Oil be warmed in a deep, spacious porce- 
lain dish on a water-bath, and a mixture of 27 parts of potassium 
hydroxide and 2 parts of alcohol added under agitation, and the oil 
completely saponified, the soap thereby produced should dissolve com- 
pletely without leaving any residue. 

If a piece of paper, moistened with the oil, be set on fire and 
blown out, it should emit no odor like that of burning animal fat. 

A mixture of a small quantity of copper filings with 1 volume each, 
of the oil and of nitric acid, after standing for a long time, should 
remain in a clear liquid state. 

If 1 ccm. of the oil be shaken with 6 ccm. of dilute acetic acid 
and filtered, the filtrate, on being mixed with 5 ccm. of alcohol, 
should yield, by passing hydrogen sulphide gas, no precipitate after 
3 hours. 

Dissolve about 0.1 g. of the oil in 15 ccm. of chloroform in a 
glass-stoppered bottle; add 10 ccm. each, of alcoholic iodine solution 
and of alcoholic mercuric chloride solution, and set aside the mixture 
for 18 hours, protected from direct sun-light; add 2.5 g. of potassium 
iodide and 100 ccm. of water, and decolorise the resulting solution by 
pouring in, drop by drop, decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution, then 
100 part« of the oil should absorb more than 150 parts of iodine. 



OLEUM MENTH/E. 

Peppermint Oil. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the leaves of peppermint with 
water, and removing the solid ingredient which separates on cooling. 

A clear, colorless or yellowish, thin liquid, having a characteristic, 
penetrating odor, with a burning and cooling after-taste ; producing 
no heat when brought in contact with iodine ; clearly miscible, in 
all proportions, with alcohol. Specific gravity: 0.90 — 0.91. 

If Iccm. of Peppermint Oil be added, at about 15° C, to 3.5 ccm. 
of the mixture of 29.5 ccm. of water and 100 ccm. of alcohol, it should 
dissolve clearly, and produce no more than an opalescence on the 
further addition of 5— 10 ccm. of the same mixture. 



242 OLETOr MENTHJE— OLEUM OLIVARtJM 

If 1 drop of the oil be mixed with 5 ccm. of nitric acid (specific 
gravity: 1.4), no permanent red coloration, if any, should take place. 



OLEUM MYRISTIC/E /ETHEREUM. 
Ethereal Oil of Nutmeg. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling nutmeg with water. 

A colorless or pale yellow liquid, having an odor and taste of 
nutmeg. Specific gravity: 0.87 — 0.91. 

If 1 volume of Ethereal Oil of Nutmeg be added to 1 volume of 
the mixture of 24 volumes of absolute alcohol and 1 volume of water, 
a clear solution should be obtained. 

If about 5 ccm. of the oil be evaporated to dryness on a water- 
bath, it should leave no residue which deposits crystals on cooling. 



OLEUM OLIVARUM. 
Olive Oil. 

A fatty oil obtained by expression in the cold from tlie fruit of 
Olea europa'a Linn. 

A pale greenish or yellow liquid, having a faint characteristic 
odor and a mild taste, free from rancidity. Specific gravity : 0.915 — 
0.920. 

Olive Oil becomes turbid at about 10° C. and deposits crystalline 
substances, and it forms at O^C. an ointment-like mass. 

If 2 ccm. of the oil be shaken strongly at 10** C. with a mixture 
of 1 ccm. each, of fuming nitric acid and of water, neither red nor 
brown coloration should take place, but there results a greenish-white 
mixture which, after 2—6 hours, separates into a white solid mass 
and an almost colorless liquid. 

If Ig. of the oil be added to the mixture of Ig. each, of carbon 
disulphide, and of the cooled mixture of 1 volume of sulphuric acid 
and 2 volumes of nitric acid, and shaken for 1 or 2 minutes, neither 
green nor red layer of liquid should be formed. 



OLEUM OLIVARUM OLEUM RICINI 243 



If 5 ccm. of the oil be shaken in a test-tube with a solution ob- 
tained by dissolving 0.05 g. of silver nitrate in a mixture of 3.8 ccm. 
of ether, 12 com. of alcohol and 2 drops of dilute nitric acid, and 
heated for 15 minutes in a water-bath, neither brown nor black 
coloration should be produced. 

Dissolve about 0.2 g. of the oil in 15 ccm. of chloroform in a 
glass-stoppered bottle; add 10 ccm. each, of alcoholic iodine solution 
and of alcoholic mercuric chloride solution, and set aside the mixture 
for 4 hours, protected from direct sun-light; add 2.5 g. of potassium 
iodide and 100 ccm. of water, and decolorise the resulting solution by 
pouring in, drop bjj drop, decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution, 
then 100 parts of the oil should absorb more than 80 parts, but not 
more than 86 parte of iodine. 



OLEUM RESIN/E EMPYREUMATICUM. 
Oil of Empyreumatic Resin. 

A resin oil obtained by the dry distillation of colophonium. 

A clear, yellow or yellowish-brown, thick liquid, with an empy- 
reumatic odor, completely soluble in ether, chloroform, and also in 
glacial acetic acid. Specific gravity: 0.96 — 0.99. 



OLEUM RICINI. 

Castor Oil. 

A fatty oil obtained by expression from the husked seeds of Bicinua 
communis Linn. 

A dear, colorless or yellowish, thick liquid, with a faint character- 
istic odor and a bland, afterwards slightly acrid taste ; soluble, in all 
proportions, in absolute alcohol and in glacial acetic acid, and also 
in 3 parts of alcohol. Specific gravity: 0.95 — 0.97. 

When cooled to 0°C., Caster Oil becomes thick or turbid, and on 
fiirther cooling, it congeals to a butter-like mass. 



244 OLEUM BICINI OLEUM SABINJE 

A mixture of 3 ocm. each^ of the oil and of carbon disulphide with 
1 com. of sulphuric acid should not, afler shaking for 3 minutes, 
acquire a blackish-brown coloration. 

OLEUM ROS/E. 

Rose Oil. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the flowers of several species 
of Rosa with water. 

A pale yellowish liquid, having a characteristic, agreeable, fragrant 
odor ; miscible clearly with about 100 parts of alcohol. 

Rose Oil deposits acicular crystals at 18° — 21 °C., melting at a 
somewhat higlier temperature. 

OLEUM ROSMARINI. 

Oil of Rosemary. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the fresh flowers of Bosinarintis 
officinalis Linn, with water. 

A colorless or greenish-yellow, thin liquid, having a camphorace- 
ous, j>enetrating, aromatic odor and taste; soluble clearly in an equal 
volume of carbon disulphide, and in half its volume of alcohol. 
Specific gra\nty: 0.900-0.915. 

OLEUM SABIN/E. 

Oil of Savin. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling the twigs ot Juniperi^ Sabina 
Linn, with water. 

A colorless or yellowish, thin liquid, having a disagreeable, narcotic 
odor and a camphoraoeous taste. Specific gravity : 0.895—0.940. 

Oil of Savin should dissolve in equal volumes of alcohol and of 
glacial acetic acid. 

Keep witli care in well-stoppered bottles. 



OLEUM SANTALI OLEUM SESAMI 245 



OLEUM SANTALI. 
Oil of Santal. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling Sandal Wood with water. 

A pale yellowish or yellow, thick liquid; Itevorotatory ; showing a 
slightly acid reaction; clearly soluble in 5.5 parts of dilute alcohol 
at 20*^ C, and having a spicy, amber-like odor and not a sharp, but 
somewhat bitter taste. Boiling point : 300° C. Specific gravity : 
0.970-0.985. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, protected from light, in a cool place. 

OLEUM SESAMI. 

Oil of Sesame. 

A fatty oil obtained by expression from the seed of Sesaimtm 
indicum D. C. 

A yellowish or golden-colored liquid, having a faint characteristic 
odor and a mild taste ; solidifying to a yellowish-white, ointment-like 
mass at — 5°C. Specific gravity: 0.915 — 0.925. 

If 10 ccm. of Oil of Sesame be shaken with 2 or 3 drops of a 
cold mixture of 1 volume each, of sulphuric acid and of nitric acid, 
a deep green color is produced, changing immediately to dark red. 

If 2 ccm. of the oil be strongly shaken with a mixture of 1 ccm. 
each, of fuming nitric acid and of water, it acquires an orange-red 
color, and should separate, after a few hours, into a yellowish-white, 
granular mass and a reddish-yellow liquid. 

If 5 ccm. of the oil be shaken with an equal volume of strong 
hydrochloric acid (specific gravity: 1.197), and 0.5 g. of sugar added 
and freshly shaken, then a reddish- violet coloration is produced. 

Dissolve about 0.2 g. of the oil in 15 ccm. of chloroform in a 
glass-stoppered bottle ; add 10 ccm. each, of alcoholic iodine solution 
and of alcoholic mercuric chloride solution, and set aside the mixture 
for 4 hours, protected from direct sun-light ; add 2.5 g. of potassium 
iodide and 100 ccm. of water, and decolorise the resulting solution by 
pouring in, drop by drop, decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution, 
then 100 parts of the oil should absorb 103 — 113 parts of iodine. 



246 OL. SINAP. ^GTHER. OL. TEREBIX. 



OLEUM SINAPIS /€THEREUM. 

Volatile Oil of Mustard. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling mustard with water. 

A clear, colorless or yellowish, thin liquid, having a powerftd, irri- 
tating odor ; clearly miseible, in all proportions, with alcohol and with 
carbon disulphide. Boiling point: 148®— 152° C Specific gravity: 
1.018-1.025. 

When dropped into water, Volatile Oil of Mustard sinks to the 
lx)ttom in form of clear drops \^hich should not acquire a whitish 
color within a minute. 

If 3g. of the oil be gradually mixed, under careful cooling, with 
6g. of sulphuric acid and shaken, a clear yellow liquid is produced 
with evolution of a gas, and subsequently becomes thick, and rarely 
congeals and becomes crystalline, losing at the same time the pungent 
odor of the volatile oil of mustard. 

A solution, obtained by diluting 1 volume of the oil with 5 
volumes of alcohol, should acquire no coloration with a few drops of 
ferric chloride solution. 

Take 5 ccm. of a solution of the oil in alcohol (1 : 50) into a flask 
measuring 100 ccm. in capacity ; add 50 ccm. of decinormal silver 
nitrate solution and 10 ccm. of ammonia water ; cork it tightly and 
set aside, with occasional shakings, for 24 hours ; dilute the solution 
to 100 ccm. with water and filter, then 50 ccm. of the clear filtrate, 
after being mixed with 6 ccm. of nitric acid and 2 ccm. of dilute 
ferric sulphate solution (1 : 20), should require, in order to produce a 
j>ermanent red coloration, 16.6— 17.2 ccm. of decinormal ammonium 
sulphocyanate solution. 

Keep with care. 

OLEUM TEREBINTHIN/E. 

Turpentine Oil. 
A volatile oil obtained by distilling turpentine with water. 



OL. TEKEBIN.— OL. THYMI 247 

A colorless or pale yellow, thin liquid, having a characteristic 
odor and a pungent taste; soluble in 12 parts of alcohol, and mostly 
distilling at 155°— 162° C. Specific gravity: 0.865-0.875. 

Turpentine Oil should have no empyreumatic odor. 



OLEUM TEREBINTHIN/E RECTIFICATUM. 

Rectified Turpentine Oil. 

Take 

Turpentine Oil 1 pt> 

Lime Water 6 pfo. 

mix and shake them together ; distill ; when about three-fourth of 
the oil has distilled over, separate it from the distillate, and filter 
through a dry filter-paper. 

Rectified Turpentine Oil distills over completely at 155° — 162*^0. 
Specific gravity: 0.86 — 0.87. 

A clear, colorless liquid, showing a neutral reaction ; soluble clearly 
in 5 — 10 parts of alcohol. 



OLEUM THYMI. 
Oil of Thyme. 

A volatile oil obtained by distilling with water, the leaves and flower- 
ing tops of Thymus vulgaris Linn., collected in the flowering season. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having a strong, aromatic odor and taste. 
Specific gravity : above 0,9. 

If 1 part of Oil of Thyme be added to 3 parts of a mixture of 
100 volumes of alcohol and 14 volumes of water, a clear solution should 
be obtained. 

If 5 ccm. of the oil be strongly shaken in a graduated cylinder 
with 30ccm. of the mixture of lOccm. of sodium hydroxide solution 
and 20 com. of water, and set aside until the aqueous layer becomes 
clear, then the oily layer floating on it should be not more than 
4ccm. 



248 OPIUM 



OPIUM. 

Opium. 

The dried milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe cap- 
sule of Papaver aomniferum Linn. 

Usually soft, flattened, more or less rounded masses, becoming hard 
and brittle on drying, internally brown, with somewhat lustrous 
fracture, having a narcotic odor and a strong, bitter taste. 

Opium is used in form of powder which is prepared by drying 
finely cut pieces, at a temperature not above 60° C. 

When dissolved in water, its powder should leave not more than 
40 per cent, of insoluble matter, nor should it lose, when dried at 
100° C, more than 8 per cent, of weight. 

When assayed by the method given below, it should yield 10—11 
per cent, of crystallised morphine. 

Introduce 10 g. of its powder with 4.5 g. of slaked lime into a 
glass bottle ; add 100 ccm. of water, cork the bottle, and extract by 
shaking it strongly in the cold for 2 hours. Transfer the contents 
of the bottle to a piece of cloth placed over a filter-paper, and filter 
the liquid obtained by squeezing. Take 50 ccm. of the filtrate toge- 
ther with 5 ccm. of alcohol into a bottle, cork it tightly, shake and 
filter ; mix 44 ccm. of this second filtrate with 20 ccm. of ether and 
2.5 g. of ammonium chloride, in a suitable glass vessel which is to 
be stoppered ; shake it strongly for half an hour, and afl«r setting 
aside for 24 hours, collect the precipitate here produced upon a filter- 
paper previously dried and weighed, wash it with 10 ccm. of water, 
and dry at a temperature not above 60° C. ; after cooling, wash the 
precipitate on the filter-paper again with 10 ccm. of pure ether, and 
after drying by heating first gently, and then at 96° — 100° C. for 
about 4 hours, put it into a desiccator, allow to cool, then the crys- 
tals should weigh 0.4 — 0.44 g. 

On shaking the crystals with 100 parts of lime water, there results, 
after 1 or 2 hours, a yellowish solution which acquires a permanent 
reddish-brown coloration by gradually adding chlorine water, and a 
bluish-green coloration by adding ferric chloride solution. 

Keep with care. 



OXYMEL ^PANKREATINUM 249 



OXYMEL. 
Oxymel. 

Take 

Acetic Acid 1 pt. 

Refined Honey & pu. 

Distilled Water 1 pt. 

and mix tliem together. 



OXYMEL SCILL/E. 

Oxymel of Squill. 

Take 

Vinegar of Squill Ipt. 

Refined Honey 2 pts, 

evaporate on a water-bath, till the whole weight is reduced to one- 
half and strain. 

A clear, brownish liquid. 



PANKREATINUM. 

Pancreatin. 

A mixture of the enzymes existing in the pancreas of warm-blood- 
ed animals, usually obtained from the fresh pancreas of the hog. 

A yellowish or yellowish-white or grayish, amorphous powder, 
odorless or having a not unpleasant, characteristic odor, and a some- 
what meat-like taste ; slowly but almost completely soluble in water, 
but insoluble in alcohol. 

Pancreatin digests albuminoids and saccharifies starch, but its 
digestive power is diminished, when it is left in contact with miner- 
al acids for a long time. 



250 PANKREATINUM PABAF. SOLID. 

If 0.28 g. of it and 1.5 g. of sodium bicarbonate be mixed with 100 
ccm. of tepid water in a glass bottle, and 400 ocm. of fresh cow's milk, 
previously heated to 38° C, be added, and the mixture allowed to main- 
tain this same temperature for 30 minutes, the milk should be so 
completely peptonised that, if a small portion of it be taken into a 
test-tube and nitric acid dropped in, no coagulation should take place. 

The peptonised milk, obtained by the above method, may acquire 
a considerably bitter taste, but should be free from rancidity. 

PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM. 
Liquid Paraffin. 

A clear, colorless or aluiost colorless, odorless, tasteless, oily liquid, 
obtained from petroleum, and showing no fluorescence; insoluble in 
water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, but readily in ether, chloroform, 
and in carbon disulphide. Specific gravity: 0.875—0.945. 

If 3 ccm. of Liquid Paraffin be introduced into a test-tube together 
with an equal volume of sulphuric acid, and heated in a water-bath 
with occasional shakings for 15 minutes, no change in color should 
take place ; nor should the sulphuric acid acquire any more than, if 
at all, a faintly brown color. 

Metallic sodium, when thrown into it, should not lose its lustre. 

The solution, obtained by boiling it with an equal part of alcohol, 
should show no acid reaction. 

If 5 g. of it be mixed with 5 g. of sodium hydroxide and 25 ccm. 
of water, and the mixture heated on a water-bath for half an hour, 
then the aqueous solution should, on being supersaturated with sul- 
phuric acid, separate no oily substance. 

PARAFFINUM SOLIDUM. 

Solid Paraffin. 

A white, crystalline mass, having no odor. Melting point : 74° — 
80° C. 

If 3g. of Solid Paraffin be taken into a test-tube together with Sccni. 



PARAF. SOLID. ^PASTILLI 251 

of sulphnric acid^ and heated in a water-bath with occasional shakings 
for 15 minutes, no change in color should take place, nor should the 
sulpuric acid acquire any more than, if at all, a fiintly brown color. 
The solution obtained by boiling it with an equal part of alcohol, 
should not redden a blue litmus paper. 

PARALDEHYDUM. 

Paraldehyde. 

CeH,A= 132.12. 

A clear, colorless liquid, showing a neutral or a slightly acid reac- 
tion, with a characteristic, ethereal, but not pungent odor, and a 
burning and cooling taste ; solidifying to a crystalline mass, when 
strongly cooled ; soluble in 8.5 parts of water which becomes turbid 
on warming ; miscible, in all proportions, with alcohol and with ether. 
Melting point: 10.5° C. Boiling point: 123°— 125° C. Specific 
gravity: 0.995-0.998. 

The solidified crystals of Paraldehyde, which are obtained by cool- 
ing, should not melt again below 10° C. 

It dissolves in 10 parts of cold water, forming a clear solution 
which should deposit no oily drops by long standing. 

Its aqueous solution, after being acidified with nitric acid, should 
produce no change with a solution either of silver nitrate or of 
barium nitrate. 

A mixture of it with alcohol, each 1 ocm., should show no acid 
reaction after adding a drop of normal potassium hydroxide solution. 

When heated on a water-bath, 5 ccm. of it should volatilise com- 
pletely. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 

PASTILLI. 

Pastils. Troches. 

With exception of those specially prescribed, pastils are prepared 
by mixing well-dried and finely powdered medicinal substances with 



252 PASTILLI PASTIL. ANTEPYKI. 

finely powdered milk sugar or cane sugar^ and moistening with 
dilute alcohol so as to form a suitable mass for making them, each 
piece being made to weigh 1 g. In cases when the mass does not 
well stick together^ a small quantity of gum arabic may be added. 



PASTILLI ACIDI BORICI. 

Pastils of Boric Acid. 

Take 

Boric Acid 100 pis. 

Each pastil should contain 2g. of boric acid. 



PASTILLI ACIDI TANNICI. 

Pastils of Tannic Acid. 

Mix 

Tannic Acid 5 pu. 

Milk Sugar 95 p^. 

Each pastil should contain 0.05 g. of tannic acid. 



PASTILLI ANTIPYRINI. 

Pastils of Antipyrine. 

Mix 

Antipyrine . . • 25 p<^ 

Milk Sugar 75 p(s. 

Each pastil should contain 0.25 g. of antipyrine. 

Keep with care. 



PASTIL. BLSMUT. SUBXIT. ^PASTIL. IIYDBAB. BICHLOB. 25S 



PASTILLI BISMUTI SUBNITRICI. 

Pastils of Bismuth Subnitrate. 

Mix 

Bismuth Subnitrate 30 pts. 

Milk Sugar 70 i>'8. 

Each pastil should contain 0.3 g. of bismuth subnitrate. 

PASTILLI COCAINI HYDROCHLORICI. 

Pastils of Cocaine Hydrochloride. 

Mix 

Coccune Hydrochloride 6 pts. 

Milk Sugar 095 pts. 

Each pastil should contain 0.005 g. of cocaine hydrochloride. 
Keep with care. 

PASTILLI FERRI LACTICI. 
Pastils of Iron Lactate. 

Mix 

Iron Lactate 5 pts. 

Milk Sugar 95 pts. 

Each pastil should contain 0.05 g. of iron lactate. 

PASTILLI HYDRARGYRI BICHLORATI. 

Pastils of Mercuric Chloride. 

Mix 

Mercuric Chloride 50 pts. 

Sodium Chloride 50 pts, 

and color the mixture with a red coal tar dye. 



254 PASTIL. HYDRAR- BICaanLOR. PASTIL,.KALI. CHLOR. 

Each pastil should contain 0.5 g. of mercuric chloride. 
Keep with special care in wellnstoppered bottles, protected from 
light. 

PASTILLI HYDRARGYRI CHLORATI CUM TALCO. 

Pastils of Mercurous Chloride with Talc. 

Mix 

Mercurous Chloride 50 pu. 

Milk Sugar 36 i>^ 

Staroh 22 p^ 

Talc 12pto. 

Each pastil should contain 0.5 g. of mercurous chloride. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 

PASTILLI IPECACUANH/E. 

Pastils of Ipecacuanha - 

Mix 

Ipecacuanha 1 jo<. 

Milk Sugar 99 pOu 

Each pastil should contain 0.01 g. of ipecacuanha. 

PASTILLI KALI I CHLORICI. 

Pastils of Potassium Chlorate. 

Mix 

Potassium Chlorate 10 pts- 

Milk Sugar 90 pU- 

with care. 

Each pastil should contain 0.1 g. of potassium chlorate. 



PASTIL. MENTH. PASTIL. NAT. SALICYL. 255 



PASTILLI MENTH/E. 

Pastils of Peppermint Oil. 

Mix 

Peppermint Oil 1 pt- 

Sugar 99 pt8. 

!Each pastil should contain 0.01 g. of peppermint oil. 

PASTILLI MORPHINI HYDROCHLORICI. 

Pastils of Morphine Hydrochloride. 

Mix 

Morphine Hydrochloride 5 p^- 

Milk Sugar 005 pts> 

Each pastil should contain 0.005 g. of morphine hydrochloride. 

Keep with special care. 

PASTILLI NATRII BICARBONICI. 

Pastils of Sodium Bicarbonate. 

Mix 

Soditim Bicarbonate 10 pis. 

Milk Sugar 00 p^ 

Each pastil should contain 0.1 g. of sodium bicarbonate. 

PASTILLI NATRII SALICYLICI. 

Pastils of Sodium Salicylate. 

Mix 

Sodium Salicylate 50 i>te. 

Milk Sugar 50 pts. 

Each pastil should contain 0.5 g. of sodium salicylate. 



256 PASTIL. OPI. E. IPECA. ^PEPSIN. SACXSHARAT. 

PASTILLI OPIl ET IPECACUANH/E. 

Pastils of Opium and Ipecacuanha. 

Mix 

Opium 5 pis. 

Ipecacuanha 5 p^. 

Saffron 5 p^ 

Milk Sugar 85 p<«. 

Each pastil should contain opium and ipecacuanha, eadi 0.025 g. 
Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 

PASTILLI SANTONIN!. 

Pastils of Santonin. 

Mix 

Santonin 2 p^- 

Milk Sugar 98 p**. 

Each pastil should contain 0.02 g. of santonin. 

PEPSINUM SACCHARATUM. 

Saccha rated Pepsin. 

A mixture of milk sugar and pepsin which is obtained from tlie 
mucous membrane of the. hog or cattle. A fine, almost white, slightly 
deliquescent powder, having a faint characteristic odor and a slightly 
sweet, followed by a somewhat bitter, taste ; soluble with a slighfc 
turbidity in 100 parts of water, showing a weak acid reaction, but 
almost insoluble in alcohol. 

Saccharated Pepsin should have neither disagreeable nor ammonia- 
cal odor. 

If 0.1 g. of it be dissolved in a mixture of 100 ccm. of water and 
0.5 ccm. of hydrochloric acid, and to the resulting solution, 10 g. of 
the white of a fresh egg, previously boiled for about 6 minutes and 
passed through the sieve No. 4., be added and the temperature 



PEPSIN. 8A0CHARAT. PHENACETIN. 257 

kept at 45° C. with frequent shaking, then the white of the egg 
should be almost completely dissolved within 2 hours. 

When dried at 100° C, it should lose not more than 0.5 per cent, 
of its weight, nor should it leave, on ignition, more than 0.5 i)er 
cent, of solid residue. 



PHENACETINUM. 
Phenacetin. 

R 

C,oH,3N02=17y.l7 

Oolorless, glistening, odorless, tasteless, scaly crystals, difficultly solu- 
ble in water, but soluble in about 70 parts of boiling water, and in 

about 16 parts of alcohol, showing a neutral reaction. Melting point: 
134o_i35o c. 

On shaking with nitric acid, Phenacetin develops a yellow colora- 
tion. 

If 0.1 g. of it be boiled for 1 or 2 minutes with 1 ccm. of hydro- 
chloric acid, and the solution diluted with 20 ccm. of water, cooled 
and filtered, the filtrate acquires a violet coloration on adding a drop 
of potassium bichromate solution. 

If 0.1 g. of it be dissolved in 10 ccm. of hot water, the resulting 
solution, after being cooled and filtered, should not become turbid on 
adding bromine water till the solution assumes a permanent yellow 
coloration. 

A mixture of 0.3 g. of it with 1 ccm. of alcohol, on being diluted 
with 3 times its volume of water and boiled with a drop of iodine 
solution, should acquire no reddish-violet coloration. 

On dissolving 0.1 g. of it in 1 ccm. of sulphuric acid, no more 
than a slight coloration should be produced. 

On heating strongly, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 



258 PHEN.-DIHYKO.-CinNAZ. TANNIC. PHENYIi. SALICYLIC. 



PHENYLDIHYDROCHINAZOLINUM TANNICUM. 

Phenyldihydroquinazoline Tannate. 

A white or yellowisli-wliite powder, without odor or taste ; spar- 
ingly soluble in water, but easily soluble in alcohol, and also in 
water acidified with hydrochloric acid. 

A mixture of 0.5 g. of Phenyldihydroquinazoline Tannate with 
2 ccm. of alcohol and 8 ccm. of dilute hydrochloric acid (1 : 20), 
yields a white precipitate with mercuric chloride solution, and a dark 
turbidity with potassium chromate solution. The same mixture yields 
a yellowish-white precipitate with sodium hydroxide solution, and on 
shaking this with ether, and evaporating the ethereal solution, a 
residue, which is soluble in alcohol and in chloroform, and melts at 
95° C, is obtained. 

Its solution in water acidified with liydrochloric acid produces, 
when mixed with ferric chloride solution, a blue coloration. 

On heating, it should be consumed without leaving any solid 
residue. 

PHENYLUM SAUCYLICUM. 

Phenyl Salicylate. 
C,3H,o03= 214.1 

A white, crystalline powder, having a faint aromatic odor and 
taste ; almost insoluble in water, soluble in 10 parts of alcohol, and 
in 0.3 parts of ether, and also in chloroform. Melting point : about 
42° C. 

An alcoholic solution of Phenyl Salicylate acquires a violet color- 
ation with ferric chloride solution which is diluted with 4 times its 
volume of water. 

If 0.2 g. of it be dissolved by warming in 2 ccm. of sodium hy- 
droxide solution, and the solution oversaturated with hydrochloric 
acid, a white precipitate of salicylic acid should be deposited, evolv- 
ing at the same time the odor of phenol. 



PHENYL. SALICYLIC. ^PHYSOSTIGMIN. SALICYLIC. 259 

It should not redden a blue litmus paper which is previously 
moistened with water. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with 50 parts of water, and the solution 
filtered, the resulting filtrate should produce no change with a dilute 
ferric chloride solution, barium nitrate solution, or with silver nitrate 
solution. 

On heating strongly, 0.1 g. of it should be consumed without leav- 
ing any solid residue. 



PHOSPHORUS. 

Phosphorus. 
P=31. 

t 

A white or yellowish, translucent solid, with a waxy lustre ; 
usually in the form of cylindrical sticks. On exposure to the air, 
Phosphorus emits white fumes, giving off a characteristic odor ; easily 
inflammable, luminous in the dark, becoming red and occasionally 
black by long keeping ; practically insoluble in water, but easily 
soluble in carbon disulphide; difficultly soluble in fatty and in vola- 
tile oils, slightly soluble in alcohol, and in ether. It melts in water 
at 44° C. 

Keep with special care in glass-stoppered bottles, filled with water 
and placed in tinned-iron vessels. 



PHYSOSTIGMINUM SALICYUCUM. 

Physostigraine Salicylate. 

Eserinum Salicylicuni. Eserine Salicylate 

C,,H,,N A AH A = 41 3.39 

Lustrous, colorless or faintly yellow crystals, soluble slowly in 150 
parts of water, and readily in 12 parts of alcohol. 



260 PHYSOSTIGMIN. SALICYIJC. PHYSaSTIGMIN. SULFURIC. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 100) of Physostigmine Salicylate should 
not immediately redden a blue litmus paj^er. The dried salt is per- 
manent in the air, even on exposure to light, but its aqueous solution 
and its alcoholic solution acquire a reddish tint after a short time. 

The aqueous solution of the salt produces, with ferric cliloride 
solution, a violet coloration, and becomes turbid with a solution of 
iodine. 

The salt dissolves colorless in sulphuric acid which, however, be- 
comes gradually yellow. 

A piece of tlie salt dissolves with a yellowish-red coloration, by 
warming in ammonia water which, when evaporated to dryness on a 
water-bath, leaves a blue or bluish-gray substance ; the residue here 
obtained dissolves with a blue coloration in alcohol which, on being 
supersaturated with acetic acid, develops a red fluorescence; the same 
residue also dissolves in a drop of sulphuric acid, witli a green color- 
ation jvhich changes to red on gradually diluting with alcohol, but 
becomes green again on evajx)rating off the alcohol. 

On ignition, 0.2 g. of it should leave no solid residue. 

Keep with special care, protected from light. 



PHYSOSTIGMINUM SULFURICUM. 

Physostigmine Sulphate. 
(Cj5H2,X.A)2.H2S04= 648.74 

A white or yellowish, crystalline powder of a bitter taste ; deli- 
quescent in moist air ; readily soluble in water, and in alcohol, show- 
ing a neutral reaction. 

An aqueous solution of the salt produces, w^ith barium nitrate solu- 
tion, a white precipitate insoluble in acids. 

The salt should, with ferric chloride solution, produce no more 
than, if any, a very faintly violet coloration. 

The other tests should conform with those mentioned under Ph}j- 
sosfigmhi inn Sah'ci/licum. 

Keep with special care in well-stoppered bottles, protected from 
light. 



PILOCARPIN. HYDKOCHLOR. PILUL/E 261 

PILOCARPINUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride. 

C„H,6NoO,.HCl = 244.7 

White crystals, having a faintly bitter taste ; deliquescent in tlie 
air ; easily soluble in water, and in alcohol, showing a slightly acid 
reaction, but sparingly soluble in ether, and in chloroform. Melting 
point: 193'— 195° C. 

On adding a small quantity of sodium hydroxide solution. Pilocar- 
pine Hydrochloride produces oily drops which dissolve on heating to 
a clear solution, and on further heating, the latter evolves the odor 
of trimethylamine. 

An aqueous solution of the salt produces, with silver nitrate solu- 
tion, a white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. 

Its aqueous solution (1: 100) should yield precipitates with a solu- 
tion either of iodine or of mercuric chloride, and also with bromine 
water, but should become turbid neither with ammonia water, nor 
with potassium bichromate solution. 

The salt should dissolve colorless in sulphuric acid, but with a 
slightly green color in fuming nitric acid. 

On heating it strongly, the salt should be consumed without leav- 
ing any solid residue. 

Keep in bottles with special care. 

PILUL/E. 

Pills. 

In order to prepare pills, their constituents should be mixed most 
intimately. 

A suitable mass for making pills is prepared by employing usual- 
ly licorice powder or licorice extract as their vehicle. 

They should be uniform in size, each weighing about 0.1 g. except 
in those cases specially prescribed. Lycopodium or finely powdered 
licorice is commonly used as their coating. 



262 PIL. AIX)ES Plli. ALO. E. FER. 



PILUL/E ALOES. 

Pills of Aloes. 

Take 

Aloes, in medhnn j^owder 
with equal parts of 

Medicinal Soap 
then incorporate sufficient water to form a suitable ma&s for making 
pills. 



PILUL/E ALOES ET AS>E FCETID/E. 

Pills of Aloes and Asafetida. 

Take 

Aloes, in flue powder 

with equal parts of 

Asafetida, in fine powder 
Medicinal Soap, in fine i^owder 
Honey 

and incorporate them to form a suitable mass for making pills, each 
weighing about 0.1 g. 



PILUL/E ALOES ET FERRI. 

Pills of Aloes and Iron. 

Take 

Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate 
with equal parts of 

Aloes, in niedinui potvder 
then incorporate sufficient alcohol to form a suitable mass for making 
pills. 



PIL. ALO. E. JALAP. PIL. CX)LO. E. HYOS. 263 

PILUL/E ALOES ET JALAP/E. 

Pills of Aloes and Jalap. 

Take 

Aloes^ in metUnm powder 

with equal parts of 

Jalap Soap 

Ldcorice, in fine powder 

and incorporate them to form a suitable mass for making pills, each 

weighing about 0.15 g. 



PILUL/E CHININI SULFURICI. 

Pills of Quinine Sulphate. 

Take 

Quinine Sulphate 30 pis. 

Tartaric Acid 1 pt. 

Tragacanth 1 pt. 

Glycerin 4 pts, 

and incorporate them to form a suitable mass for making pills, each 
weighing about 0.12 g. 

Each pill contains about 0.1 g. of quinine sulphate. 



PILUL/E COLOCYNTHIDIS ET HYOSCYAMI. 

Pills of Colocynth and Hyoscyanius. 

Take 

Colocynth, in medium 2^owder 10 pUf. 

Aloes, in medium jwwder 20 pifi. 

Root of Jalap, in medium j^owder 20 pis- 

Extract of Hyoscyamus 25 ptf- 

Potassium Sulphate, in fine potv€l€r 3 pts. 

Oil of Cloves 1 pt. 



264 PIL. OOLO. E. HYOS. PIL. HYDRAR. 

and inoorporate suiBcient alcohol to form a suitable mass for making 
pills, each weighing about 0.15 g. 
Keep with care. 



PILUL/E FERRI CARBONICI BLAUDII. 

Blaud's Iron Carbonate Pills, 

Take 

Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate 9 i^«- 

Powdered Sugar 3 pts. 

Potassiuin Carbonate, in fine powder 7 pts. 

Burnt Magnesia 0.7 i>/«. 

Root of Althsea, in fine powder 1.3 pts. 

Glycerin 4 i><«. 

and incorporate them to form a suitable mass for making pills, each 
weighing about 0.25 g. 

Each pill contains about 0.02 g. of iron. 



PILUL/E HYDRARGYRI. 

Pills of Mercury, 

Take 

Mercury 3 pts. 

Sugar b pis. 

Purified Honey 1 |j^. 

thoroughly triturate them, until no globules of mercury are seen, 

then add 

Licorice, in fine ptnuder 2 pu, 

and incorporate sufficient water to form a suitable mass for making 

pills, each weighing about 0.2 g. 

Each pill contains about 0.05 g. of mercury. 



PIL. KREOSOT. PIX BETU. LIQ. 265 



PILUL/E KREOSOTI. 

Pills of Creosote, 

Take 

Creosote 10 ptt- 

Licorice, in fine powder 19 pt8. 

Glycerin 1 p^ 

and incorporate them to form a suitable mass for making pills, each 
weighing abont 0.15 g., using powdered cassia bark as their coating. 
Cach pill contains about 0.05 g. of creosote. 



PILUL/E RHEI COMPOSIT/E. 

Compound Pills of Rhubarb. 

Take 

Extract of Aloes 2 pts. 

Extract of Rhubarb 6 pts. 

Resin of Jalap Ipt- 

Medicinal Soap 4 pts. 

and incorporate suflScient water to form a suitable mass for making 
pills, using finely powdered rhubarb as their coating. 

PIX BETUL/E LIQUIDA. 
Birch Tar. 

Oleum Jtusci. Oil of Beiula. 

A tar obtained by the dry distillation of the wood ofBetula alba Linn. 

A blackish-brown, oily, thick liquid, having a characteristic, pene- 
trating odor ; transparent in thin layers. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with 20 parts of water and filtered, 
lOccm. of the resulting filtrate acquires a permanent green color 
with 15 drops of a solution which is formed by mixing 1 part of 
ferric chloride solution with 200 parts of water. 



266 PIX JUNIPER. LIQ. PIX LIQUIDA 

PIX JUNIPERI LIQUIDA. 
Juniper Tar. 

Oleum Cadinutn. Oil of Cade. 

A tar obtained by the dry distillation of the wood of Junipcrus 
Oxycedrus Linn, and various other species of Juniper us. 

A dark brown, oily, thick liquid, transparent in thin layers; solu- 
ble in chloroform, ether, and in aniline, and almost completely solu- 
ble in turpentine oil. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with 20 parts of water and filtered, 
lOocm. of the resulting filtrate produce a permanent red color with 
15 drops of a solution which is formed by mixing 1 part of ferric 
chloride solution and 200 j)arts of water. 

PIX LIQUIDA. 
Wood Tar. 

A tar obtained by the dry distillation of the wood of several 
species of Pinus. 

A brownish-black, translucent, thick liquid, having a characteristic 
odor ; somewhat granular ; soluble completely in pure alcohol, partly 
soluble in turpentine oil, forming a brownish-yellow solution. 

When poured into water. Wood Tar sinks under its surface. 

When it is examined under the microscope, fine crystals are re- 
cognisable. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with 10 parts of water, a yellowish tar 
water, having a characteristic odor and an acid reaction, is obtained; 
lOccm. of the tar water thus prepared, when mixed with 20ccm. of 
water and 10 drops of ferric chloride solution, acquire a greeius*li- 
brown coloration. The same tar water, on being mixed with equal 
volumes of lime water, should have a dark brown color. 



PLUMB. ACETIC. PLUMB. CARBONIC. 267 



PLUMBUM ACETICUM. 

Lead Acetate. 
Pb(C2H30,)o + 3H2O = 379.02 

Colorless, transparent crystals, or white, crystalline masses, having 
a £iint odor of acetic acid ; slightly efflorescent in the air ; soluble in 
2.3 parts of water, and in 29 parts of alcohol. 

A cold, saturated aqueous solution of Lead Acetate shows an alka- 
line reaction, but on diluting it with water, shows a slightly acid 
reaction ; the salt has a slightly sweetish and astringent taste. 

Its aqueous solution produces a black precipitate with hydrogen 
sulphide solution, a yellow precipitate with potassium iodide solution, 
a white precipitate with sulphuric acid, and lastly a white precipitate 
with ferric chloride solution ; the clear suiwrnatant solution in the 
last case has a red color. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 10) of the salt should be clear, or if 
slightly turbid, should become clear on adding 1 or 2 drops of acetic 
acid ] the precipitate, obtained by adding a small quantity of a solu- 
tion of yellow prussiate of potash to the same aqueous solution, 
should have a pure white color. If the same aqueous solution be 
completely precipitated by passing hydrogen sulphide, and filtered, 
the resulting filtrate, on being evaporated to dryness, should leave 
no solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



PLUMBUM CARBONICUM. 

Lead Carbonate. 

A heavy, white powder, insoluble in water, and in alcohol. 

When strongly heated. Lead Carbonate acquires a yellow color, and 
when heated with powdered charcoal, it produces metallic glolules. 

It is soluble with effervescence in acetic acid and in dilute nitric 
acid. 



268 PLUMB. CARBONIC. PIXMB. OXYDAT. ! 



If its acetic acid solution (1 : 10) be completely precipitated by 
saturating it with hydrogen sulphide, and filtered, the resulting 
filtrate on evaporation should leave no weighable solid residue, and 
the precipitate, obtained by adding a small quantity of a solution of 
yellow prussiate of potash to the same solution, should have a pure 
white color. 



PLUMBUM OXYDATUM. Litharfjyrum. 

Lead Oxide. Litharge. 

PbO= 222.9 

A yellowish or reddish-yellow, heavy powder, or crystalline masses, 
consisting of minute scales ; insoluble in water, and in alcohol, but 
soluble in dilute nitric acid ; fusible on heating, and becoming dark 
colored. 

A solution of Lead Oxide in dilute nitric acid yields, with hydro- 
gen sulphide solution, a black precipitate, and with sulphuric acid, 
a white precipitate soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 10 parts of dilute nitric acid, It 
should form a clear or almost clear, colorless solution, with but a 
little, if any, evolution of gas. If the solution thus prepared be 
mixed with half a volume of dilute sulphuric acid, and completely 
precipitated and filtered, the resulting filtrate acquires, when super- 
saturated with ammonia water, no more than a bluish coloration, 
and should produce no more than a small quantity, if any, of a 
reddish-brown precipitate. 

If 5 g. of it be shaken with 5 ccm. of water, and 20 ccm. of acetic 
acid added, and the mixture boiled for a few minutes, then the in- 
soluble part, if any, should be not more than 0.05 g. 

When strongly heated, it should lose not more than 1 per cent, of 
its weight. 

Keep with care in well-stoppered bottles. 



PULP. TAMAEIND. PULP. TAMAKIND. DEPUR. 269 



PULPA TAMARINDORUM. 

Tamarind. 

Tlie fruit of 2amarindus indica Linn., freed from the brittle outer 
part of the pericarp. 

A blackish-brown, somewhat tough, soft mass, having a strong, pure 
acid taste, mixed with a small quantity of seeds, the membraneous, 
hard film of fruit cells, the vascular bundle of the fruit, and the 
broken pieces of its outer invocular film. 

If 20 g. of Tamarind be mixed with 190 g. of water and thorough- 
ly extracted by shaking, and filtered, then 100 g. of the filtrate, when 
evaporated to dryness, sliould leave at least 5 g. of the residue. 



PULPA TAMARINDORUM DEPURATUM. 

Purified Tamarind. 

Pour hot water on tamarind and soften it uniformly ; press it out 

through the sieve No. 4. into a porcelain dish ; evaporate till it gets 

the consistence of a thick extract and add while it is still warm 

Jam 5 pts. 

Powdered Sugar 1 pt. 

Purified Tamarind should have a blackish-brown color and an 
agreeable acid taste. 

"When dried at 100^ C, it should lose not more than 40 per cent, 
of its weight. 

If 2g. of it be shaken with 50ccm. of hot water, and filtered 
after cooling, then 25 ccm. of the resulting filtrate should require, 
for its exact neutralisation, at least 1.2 ccm. of normal potassium 
hydroxide solution. 

If 2 g. of it be incinerated, and 5 ccm. of dilute hydrochloric acid 
added to the residue, warmed, and be filtered, the resulting filtrate 
should produce no change with hydrogen sulphide solution. 



270 PULV. -EROPHOBUS PULV. DOVER. 



PULVIS /EROPHORUS. 

Effervescing Powder. 

Take 

Sodium Bicarbonate y in tnediuni powder 12 pis. 

Tartaric Acid, in wediiun jtoivder 15 pu. 

Wrap the former in a colored paper, and the latter in a white 
paper. 

PULVIS ytROPHORUS LAXANS. 

Purgative Effervescing Powder. 

Take 

Potassium Sodium Tartrate, in metUnm powder . 75 pi^- 
Sodium Bicarbonate, in medium potvder 25 pfs- 

mix them and wrap the mixture in a colored paper ; besides, take 
Tartaric Acid, in metUum powder ^ pin. 

and wrap it in a white paper. 

PULVIS AROMATICUS. 

Aromatic Powder, 
Take 

• 

Cassia Bark, in medium powder 

and mix it thoroughly with equal parts of 

Cardamom, in medium powdei* 
Ginger, in medium pounler 

PULVIS DOVERI, 

Dover's Powder. 

Take 

Opium \pi. 



PULV. DOVER. PULV. LIQUIRL COMP. 271 



Ipecaciianha Root, in fitie powder \ pu 

Potetssium Sulphate, in fine 2>owder 8 ;^^. 

and mix them intimately. 

Dover^s Powder contains 10 per cent, of opium. 
Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



PULVIS GUMMOSUS. 

Gum Powder. 

Take 

Gum Arabic, in fine powder • . 5 pfi^. 

Licorice Root, in fine powder 3 ptF, 

Sugar, in medium jwwder .2 pts. 

and mix them thoroughly. 



PULIVS INFANTUM. 

Infant's Powder. 

Piilvis Magnesiw cum Rhea. 3Iagnesia Ehubarb Powder. 

Take 

Magnesium Carbonate, in fine powder 10 pia. 

Rhubarb, in fine j^owder 3 pu. 

Fennel Oil Sugar 7 pte. 

and mix them thoroughly. 

Keep in well-stopj^ered bottles. 



PULVIS LIQUIRITI/E COMPOSITUS. 

Compound Licorice Powder. 

Take 

Licorice Root, in fine powder 25 pta. 

Senna, in fine powder 25 pu. 



272 PULV. LIQUIRI. OOMP. PYROGALLOI.UM 



Fennel, in medinin ^>owd€r 10 i>^^ 

Purified Sulphur 10 pt<. 

Sugar, in mediuui powdet* 50 i>f«- 

and mix them thoroughly. 
A dry, brownish powder. 



PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS. 

Compound Powder of Rhubarb. 
Take 

Rhubarb, in fine itowder 2 pi' 

Burnt IMDeignesia 6 j>'' 

Ginger, in fine 2>otvd€r 1 p^ 

and mix them thorouo:hly. 



PULVIS SALIC YLICUS CUM TALCO. 

Salicylic Acid Powder with Talc. 

Take 

Salicylic Acid, in fine potrder 3 pt*- 

Starch, in fine powder 10 pt*- 

Talc, in fine powder B7 p^< 

and mix them thoroughly. 
A dry, white i)owder. 

PYROGALLOLUM. 

Pyrogallol. 

Acidtiin Ff/roffnllicum. Pyrogallic Acid. 

C6HA=126.06 

White, lustrous, light laminae, or acieular crystals, odorless; liav- 
ing a bitter taste; soluble in 1.7 parts of water, forming a colorless 



PYROGALLOLUM RAD. AOONI. NAPEL. 273 



clear solution which reacts neutral, however, acquires gradually a 
brown color when exposed to the air, and shows an add reaction; 
soluble also in equal parts of alcohol, and in 1.2 parts of ether. 

When heated to about 132° C, Pyrogallol melts and then sublimes 
unchanged. 

If it be shaken with lime water, the latter at first acquires a 
violet color, then becomes turbid and finally assumes a brown to 
black coloration. 

The freshly prepared aqueous solution of it acquires a blue color- 
ation with a freshly prepared solution of ferrous sulphate, and a 
brownish-red coloration with ferric chloride solution. 

Its aqueous solution, when mixed with silver nitrate solution, de- 
posits silver. 

Keep protected from light. 



RADIX ACONITI NAPELLI. 

Aconite Root. 

The dried tuberous root of Aconitum Napdlvs Linn., collected at 
the end of the flowering season. 

Aconite Root is of a blackish color, somewhat wrinkled longitudi- 
nally, turnip-shaped, more or less pointed below, and beset profusely 
with bases of rootlets. It weighs about 6g. The upper portion of 
the root is marked laterally with the scars of the axis, and the 
summit is crowned either with a stem scar, or with an undeveloped 
bud covered with brownish scales. The root appears white in trans- 
verse section ; tlie primary cortex is thin and blackish, while the 
secondary cortex and wood are white, and rich in starch. The cam- 
bium zone is irregular and star^haped. 

Strongly shake 12 g. of it in medium powder, dried at 100° C, 
with 125 ccm. of ether and 25 ccm. of chloroform, add 10 ccm. of a 
mixture of 2 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 1 part of water, 
and set aside with frequent shakings for 3 hours. Add 10 ccm. or 
more of water, and shake strongly so as to make the powder collect 
into a mass, and allow to stand for an hour. Take 125 ccm. of the 



274 RAD. A(X)NI. NAPEL. RADIX ALTBLE. 



clear chloroform-etlier solution, filter through a dry filter-paper placed 
in a well-covered funnel, into a small glass flask, and distill the solu- 
tion till it becomes about one-half of its original bulk. Transfer the 
remaining chloroform-ether solution to a separating-funnel, wash the 
flask thrice, each time, with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether 
and Iccm. of chloroform, add the washings to the main solution in 
the separating-funnel, and thoroughly sliake up the mixed liquid 
with 25 ccm. of centinormal hydrochloric acid solution, adding, if 
necessary, a suitable quantity of ether. When the layer of chloro- 
form-ether solution separates completely, filter the lower, clear, .*;cid 
solution through a small filter-paper moistened with water, into a 
colorless glass bottle of about 100 ccm. in capacity ; shake up the 
chloroform-ether solution thrice more, each time, with 10 ccm. of 
water, filter the aqueous solution through the same filter-paper which 
is finally washed with water. Mix all the filtrates and washings, 
and dilute the mixture to 100 ccm. by adding water ; transfer 
50 ccm. of the resulting solution to a colorless glass bottle of about 
200 ccm. in capacity, add about 50 ccm. of water, and pour some 
ether on it, till the ethereal layer in the bottle measures about lem. 
thick. After adding 5 drops of iodeosin solution, titrate the excesj^ 
of the acid in the resulting solution, under strong agitation, with 
centinormal potassium hydroxide solution, then not more than 8.5 ccm. 
of the latter solution should be required before the lower aqueous 
layer acquires a pale red color. 

It has a strong, pungent taste. 

Keep with care. 



RADIX ALTH/E/E. 

Marshmallow Root 

The dried rootlets of Althaea officinalis Linn., deprival of the 
periderm. 

Marshmallow Root is 2 dm. long, more than 1 .5 mm. in diameter, 
externally whitish, marked with Avart-like scars, and covered with 
fine fibres. The wood and cortex, which are rich in starch, coutain 



RADIX XLTHJE. —RADIX COPTIDIS 275 

the bundles of sclereuchymatous fibres arranged in tangential rows, 
also oxalate cells, and mucilage cells. The mucilage is deposited in 
layers on the inner side of the cell-wall. The cross-section of the 
root, with the exception of the pale brownish cambium zone, should 
be white in color. 

It should give, with 10 parts of cold water, a faintly yellowish 
mucilage with an insipid taste, but with neither acid nor amraonia- 
cal odor. 

It is unfit for use, when it becomes dirty white in color or 
lignified. 

RADIX COLOMBO. 

Calumba Root. 

The dried, transversely sliced root of Jateorrhtza palmata Miers. 

Calumba Root is yellow in color, about 3— 6cm. in diameter; the 
periderm is grayish-brown and wrinkled, and at a distance of about 
5 mm. from it, the dark cambium zone lies. The tissue of the root 
consists chiefly of parenchymatous cells which contain starch-grains. 
The latter shows an excentric stratification, and are 0.09 mm. or less 
in length. In the cortical tissue are found isolated lignified scleren- 
chymatous cells which partly contain oxalate crystals. On a cross- 
section, the wood exhibits yellow, shortly articulate, reticulate vessels 
which are arranged in irregular radial rows, interrupted by the 
parenchyma. 

It has a bitter taste. 



RADIX COPTIDIS. 

Coptis Root. 

The dried rhizome of Coptis an&mmice/olia S. et Z., and of several 
other species of Coptis. 

Coptis Root is about 1 — 5 mm. in diameter, 4 cm. in length, 
curved, beset with numerous thin rootlets, and provided here and 
there with spiny protuberances. It often bears at the crown the 



27 6 RADIX OOPTIDIP R A DDC G ETJ3EM . 

remains of leaf-stalks. It has externally a yellowish-gray color and 
shows a sharp, rough fracture. A cross-section of the rhizome ex- 
hibits a thick, dark orange-colored cortex and a pale yellow wood; 
at tlie centre of the latter lies a large pith which is often hollow. 
It has no odor, but a very bitter taste. 

RADIX FILICIS. 

Male Fern Rhizome. 

The dried rhizome of Aspidium Filix mas Swartz, collected in 
autumn together with stipe-bases, about 3 cm. long. 

Male Fern Rhizome should be freed, as much as possible, from the 
toots and scales, but it should never be peeled. The stipe is brown 
and edged, attaining a diameter of about 1 cm. Its cross-section is 
greenish, showing 6 — 10 fibro- vascular bundles. The scale has 1 — 2 
glands at its base, and is sharply serrate at the margin. 

It has almost no odor, but a slightly sweet, sharp and faintly 



astringent taste. 



RADIX GELSEMII. 

Gelsemium Root. 

The dried roots and rhizome of Gelsemium sevipemrcjis Ait. fil. 

Gelsemium Root is 3 cm. or less in diameter. The bark is fibnnis 
in structure and only 2 mm. thick. The periderm is yellowish-brown, 
while the wood is white, hard, loose and devoid of pith, showing 
radial lines on its cross-section. The rhizome has a pith. The bark 
has a very bitter taste, but that of the wood is weaker. 

If Ig. of it be mixed with oOccm. of lime water, the mixture 
acquires a pale yellowish coloration, and shows a bluish fluorescence 
which, on adding dilute sulphuric acid, disappears or becomes weak. 

If 1 part of it be extracted by heating with 10 parts of water, a 
clear liquid, which yields a greenish-brown precipitate with ferric 
chloride solution, is obtained ; the same liquid produces no precipitate 
with potassium bichromate solution. 



RADIX GELSEM. RADIX GENTIA. .SCAB. 277 



The stem, which is easily recognised by opposite leaf-scars, should 
not be employed. 
Keep with care. 



RADIX GENTIAN/E. 

Gentian Root. 

The dried roots and rhizome of Gentiana lutea Linn., Gentiana 
pannonica Scop., Gentiana purpurea Linn., and Gentiana punctata 
Linn. 

Gentian Boot is of a dark brown color, showing marked longitudi- 
nal wrinkles and even fractures. The tissue is devoid of sclerenchy- 
matous cells, and contains very minute oxalate crystals, and rarely a 
fe>v simple starch-grains. The wood is characterised by the fact that 
it possesses sieve-tubes, besides reticulated vessels. The cross-section 
should be yellowish to light brown in color. 

It has a very bitter taste. 



RADIX GENTIAN/E SCABRyt. 

Japanese Gentian Root. Ryutan. 

The dried rhizome and lateral roots of Gentiana acahra Bge. var. 
JBuergeri Maxim. 

Japanese Gentian Root is dark grayish-brown, about 10 cm. long 
and 5 cm. thick. It has irregular transverse rings, and bears on 
the upper side stem-bases, occasionally stem-remnants, and on the 
lateral and lower sides numerous roots. The cross-ficction of the 
rhizome is of a dark brown color, and shows at the centre iibro- 
vascular bundles running irregularly. The lateral roots are brown- 
ish-yellow, about 2 dm. in length, 3 mm. or less in diameter, and 
longitudinally wrinkled. The cross-section of the roots is brown, 
having a darker colored wood. The latter shows radially arranged 
vessels at the periphery. 

It contains no starch, and has a very bitter taste. 



278 KADIX HIBLSCI RADIX HYDRAS. 



RADIX HIBISCL 

Hibiscus Root. 

The dried primary root of Hibiscus Japonictis Miq., divested of 
the iwriderm. 

Hibiscus Root is more than 1dm. in length, and 0.5— 1mm. in 
thickness ; whitish in color, and rich in starch. The cross-tiection of 
the root is whitish in color ; the bark exhibits fibre-bundles tangen- 
tially arranged, and a small pith at the centre. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 10 parts of water, a yellowish 
mucilage, which has an insipid taste but neither acid nor ammonia- 
cal odor, should be obtained. 



RADIX HYDRASTIS. 

Yellow Root. 

The dried rhizome and roots of Hydrastis canadensis Linn. 

Yellow Root is dark brownish-gray in color, 5—8 mm. in diameter, 
5 cm. in length, and shows a greenish-yellow fracture. The surface of 
the rhizome is beset with numerous roots, about 1 mm. in diameter, 
having a yellow cross-section. When examined under the microscope, 
the cross-section of the rhizome exliibits a thin coating of the peri- 
derm, and consists chiefly of parenchymatous cells which contain 
starch-grains, 0.003— 0.02 mm. in size. The pith is lai^e and sur- 
rounded by 10 — 20, usually 14 fibro- vascular bundles. 

If 1 part of it be extracted in the cold with 100 parts of water, 
a yellow, bitter extract is produced ; 2 ocm. of the extract here ob- 
tained, after being poured into Iccm. of sulphuric acid, produce a 
dark red layer on the addition of chlorine water. 

When a tliin cross-section of the root is immersed in a drop of 
nitric acid, numerous yellow, needle-shaped crystals, easily recognis- 
able under the microscope, are immediately produced in the tissue. 

It has a faint odor and a bitter taste. 



RADIX IPECACUANHiE 279 



RADIX IPECACUANHyt. 
Ipecacuanha Root. 

The dried thickened root of Jjragoga Ipecacuanha Bail. 
Ipecacuanha Root is 5 mm. or less in diameter, externally grayish- 
brown, and annulated with thickened rings. The cortex appears 
wliitish in cross-section, covered with a brown cork layer, and con- 
sisting, besides the sieve-tubes, only of parenchymatous cells which 
usually contain compoimd starch-grains and bundles of needle-shaped 
oxalate crystals. 

The hard, pale yellow wood consists of the thick-walled, lignified, 
intermediate cells, elongated in the longitudinal axis, and having 
slit-like pits placed obliquely, and also of the vessels, the members of 
which resemble intermediate cells, but are provided with bordered 
pits and perforated by round holes, mostly lying laterally near both 
ends. The diameter of the largest starch-grains should not exceed 
0.012 mm. 

Shake strongly 12g. of it in fine powder, previously deprived of 
the wood and dried at 100° C, with 125 ccm. of ether and 25 ocm. 
of chloroform ; add 10 ccm. of a mixture of 2 parts of sodium hy- 
droxide solution and 1 part of water, and set aside the mixed solution, 
with occasional strong shakings, for 3 hours. Let the powder collect 
together by adding 10 ccm. or still more quantity of water and 
shaking strongly, and set aside for an hour, then take 125 ccm. of 
the clear chloroform-ether solution, filter it through a dry filter- 
paper placed in a well-covered funnel, into a small glass fiask, and 
distill the solution till it becomes about one-half of its original bulk. 
Transfer the remaining chloroform-ether solution to a separating-fun- 
nel, wash the flask thrice, each time, with 5 ccm. of ether, and add 
the washings to the main solution in the separating-funnel, and 
thoroughly shake up the combined liquid with 12 ccm. of deciuormal 
hydrochloric acid solution and set aside, adding, if necessary, a suitable 
quantity of ether, till tlie complete separation of the chloroform-ether 
solution takes place. Filter the lower, clear, acid liquid through a 
small filter-paper moistened with water, into a small, colorless glass 



280 EADIX IPECA. RADIX IRIDIS 

bottle of 100 ocm. in capacity; shake up the chloroform-ether solution 
thrice, each time, with 10 ocm. of water, filter the aqueous part 
through the same filter-paper which is finally washed with water; 
mix all the filtrates and washings, and dilute the mixture to 100 com. 
by adding water. Take 50ccm. of the resulting, diluted solution 
in a colorless glass bottle of about 200 ocm. in capacity, add about 
60 ocm. of water, and pour ether on it, till the ethereal layer in the 
bottle measures about 1cm. thick. After adding 5 drops of iodeosin 
solution, titrate the excess of the acid in the resulting solution by 
pouring carefully, under strong agitation, centinormal potassium hy- 
droxide solution ; then not more than 20 com. of the latter solution 
should be required before the lower aqueous solution acquires a pale 
red color. 
^ It should be used after removing the wood. 
Keep with care. 



RADIX IRIDIS. 
Orris Root. 

The dried rhizome of Iris germanica Linn., Iris pallida Linn., 
and Iris florentina Linn., divested of the periderm. 

Orris Root is white, 4 cm. or less in thickness, somewhat flattened 
on the upper side wliich is marked with minute, transverse scars 
due to leaf bundles, and bearing brownish root-bases on the lower 
side. The tissue is rich in starch, having suberised oxalate cells 
which mostly contain a single, rhombic, prismatic crystal, attaining a 
length of 0.25 mm. and surrounded by mucilage. It is free from 
sclerenchymatous cells. 

It has a characteristic odor and a &intly aromatic, somewhat 
sharp taste. 



BADIX JALAPJB RADIX PHYTOLAC. 281 



RADIX JALAPyt. 

Jalap. 

The dried tuberous root of Exogo7iium Purga Bentb., divested of 
rootlets and root-tips. 

Jalap L9 externally dark brown, bearing transverse, short lenticels, 
and marked with scars of rootlets. The fracture appears dark whit- 
ish, when the starch is not turned into paste, and dark brown and 
resinous, when it is dried at high temperatures. It shows numerous 
dark-colored, concentric or irregularly distributed rings, owing to the 
abnormal cambium which produces internally vascular strands, and 
externally phloem-strands and secretory cells. 

It tastes insipid and acrid. 

If it be subjected to the test described under the article of Resina 
JalapcB, more than 9 per cent, of the resin should be obtained, which 
should have the properties mentioned under the same article. 

Xeep with care. 



RADIX LIQUIRITI/E. 
Licorice Root. 

The peeled, dried roots and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, 
var. glandidifera Waldstein et Kitaibel. 

The wood and bark have a radial, loose structure, and the lignified 
portion is of a yellow color. 

Licorice Root has a characteristic, sweet taste. 



RADIX PHYTOLACC/€. 

Phytolacca Root. 

The dried rhizome of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. var. esculenta 
Maxim. 



282 RADIX PHYTOLAC. RADIX RHEI 

Phytolacca Root is 10 cm. long, 3— 7 mm. thick, 7 cm. broad, bent, 
dirty white, and provided with prominent lines arranged almost 
parallelly, both sides being covered with reddish-white bark. The 
drug is occasionally mixed with transverse or irregular slices. The 
transverse slices are curved and annulate with thick rings. 

It is tenaceous, hard to break ; internally white and pulverulent ; 
almost inodorous. 



RADIX RATANHI/E. 

Rhatany Root. 

The dried root of Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pav. 

Rhatany Root is 3 cm. or less in diameter. The bark is 1 mm. 
thick, externally dark brown, not warty, and breaks with a fibrous 
fracture. It leaves a reddish-brown trace on paper. The bark but 
not the wood tastes strongly astringent. 

A clear solution, obtained by extracting 1 part of it in the cold 
with 10 parts of alcohol, should, on the addition of an excess of 
alcoholic lead acetate solution, yield a red precipitate, and the filtrate 
therefrom should be distinctly red-colored. 

RADIX RHEI. 

Rhubarb. 

The dried rhizome of Rheum., grown in the northern regions of 
Asia, deprived of most of the bark. 

The fresh fracture of Rhubarb is granular and reddish. It is 
characterised by numerous small, open, vascular bundles, occupying 
the pitli-region. These bundles are radially arranged, and pronded 
with a ring-formed cambium, and internally with sieve-tubes. 

Its powder is of orange-yellow color, and should only contain 
fibre-like vessels, fragments of parenchymatous cells and sieve-tubes, 
clustered crystals, attaining a size of 0.145 mm., and spherical starch- 
grains, 0.003—0.018 mm. in diameter. 

It tastes faintly aromatic and bitter. 



RADIX SALEP RADIX SCOPOLI^ 283 



RADIX SALEP. 

Salep. 

The dried root of several orchidaceous plants, collected in the 
flowering season, and previously immersed in boiling water for a 
short time. 

Salep is napiform or nearly ovoid, gray or yellowish, crowned with 
a bud at the top, and 0.5 — 2 cm. in size. The root collected from 
Cremastra WaJlichiana Lindl. bears the ring-shaped bases of leaves. 
The transverse section should be horny and of a uniform color. The 
powdered root is whitish in color. When a pale brownish iodine 
water is added to the powder, observing it the while under the micro- 
scope, mucilage cells assume a brownish-red color before swelling, 
and the fully swollen starch-grains turn blue. 

If 1 part of the powdered root be boiled with 100 parts of water, 
there results a liquid which, when cooled, should become a thick, 
insipid mucilage containing only, if any, a little insoluble part. 



RADIX SARSAPARILL/E. 

Sarsaparilla. 

The dried root of several species of Smilax, cultivated in America. 

Sarsaparilla is brownish-gray, cylindrical, 4 mm. thick, and more or 
less wrinkled longitudinally. Its transverse section shows a brown 
endodermis which is surrounded by a purely white, cortical paren- 
chyma ; the starch-grains of the parenchyma are not swollen up. 

It tastes slimy and afterwards acrid. 



RADIX SCOPOLI/E. 

Scopolia Root. 
The dried rhizome ot Scopolia japonica Maxim. 



284 RA.DIX S00POLI-« RADIX SERPENT. 

Scopolia Root is externally grayish-brown, considerably shrivelled, 
about 1.5 dm. in length, 2 cm. or less in thickness, more or less 
bent, contracted here and there into ring-shaped segments, and oc- 
casionally provided with the remains of the stem at the apex ; on 
the upper side of each segment are seen bases of the stem, and on 
both sides and on the lower surface, remnants of cut rootlets. It has 
a granular fracture, and a whitish or grayish-brown, transverse sec- 
tion which appears often loose and spongy. The bark has a some- 
what lighter color, and near outer limit of the wood lie vascular 
bundles, arranged almost radially and surrounding the big pith. 

It smells unpleasant, and tastes slightly bitter and acrid. 

Keep with care. 



RADIX SENEG/E. 

Senega Root. 

The dried under-ground parts of Polygala Senega Linn. 

The crown of the root bears numerous stem-remuant43, and buds 
with reddish scales. The yellowish tap-root, not exceeding 1.5 cm. 
in thickness, is more or less branched and curved in zigzag form. 
It is provided, on the inner side of eacli curvature, with a prominent 
keel, and on the outer side, it exhibits a flat or Assured yellow wood 
on removal of the bark. The vessels are short-membered, with 
transverse walls perforated by small circular holes, and show slit-like 
bordered pits placed obliquely. 

Senega Root is free from starch. 

It tastes slimy and afterwards acrid, and smells weak but charac- 
teristic. 



RADIX SERPENTARI/E. 

Snake-Root. 

The rhizome of Aristdochia Serpentaria Linn., collected in spring 
or in autumn. 



RADIX SERPENT. RADIX VALERIANA 286 

Snake-Root is 2 — 3mra. thick, about 25 mm. long, winding and 
somewhat flattened ; the upper side provided with slender, short stem- 
bases ; the lower surface bearing numerous thin rootlets which are 
pale brown, friable, and 10 cm. or less in length. The wood is 
thicker on the lower side, and arranged in irregular radial rows. 

It has a bitter taste, and a camphoraceous odor somewhat resembl- 
ing "Valerian. 

RADIX TARAXACI CUM HERBA. 

Dandelion. 

The dried plant of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. var. glaucescens 
Koch., gathered in spring prior to the flowering season. 

The radical leaves are roughly serrate; the roots are l~2dm. long, 
0.5 — 2.5 cm. thick, brown in color, longitudinally wrinkled. A trans- 
verse section of the root shows a not radially disposed yellow wood. 
The cortex is thick, and contains numerous laticiferous vessels, ar- 
ranged in concentric rows. 



RADIX VALERIAN/E. 

Valerian Root. 

The dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis Linn. var. 
angustifolia Miq., and Valeriana officinalis Linn. 

(a) 

The rhizome of Valeriana officinalis Linn. var. angufti/olia Miq. 
is about 1.5 cm. long, 1cm. thick, tapering below, bearing buds on 
the top, and leaf-bases arranged in 2 alternate rows ; laterally it has 
short, branched stolones covered with leaves or their remnants. The 
root is about 2 mm. thick, and provided with the primary cortex 
which still contains starch ; the suberised, single-layered hypodermis 
contains a fragrant excretion. It has a characteristic, aromatic odor 
and a faintly bitter taste. 



286 RADIX VALERIAN. RADIX ZINGIBER. 



(b) 

The rhizome of Valeriana officinalis Linn, is very large, attaining 
5 cm. in length, and 2 cm. in thickness, and agrees in all respect* 
with (a), except the odor and taste, characteristic to this species. 



RADIX ZEDOARI/E. 

Zedoary Root. 

The tuberous rhizome of Curcuma Zedoaria Rose., mostly cut 
transversely or longitudinally. 

Zedoary Root is 2.6 — 4 cm. in diameter, externally gray, marked 
with numerous root-bases. The transverse section is gray, and shows 
the bark, about 2 — 5 mm. thick. The disc-shaped drug shows mostly 
depressed vascular strands. The parenchyma contains large and flat 
starch-grains with an excentric stratification. 

It has a camphoraceous odor and a bitter taste. 



RADIX ZINGIBERIS. 

Ginger. 

The dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rose. 

Ginger is branched in one plane and compressed, mostly deprived 
of the corky layer on the upper and lower surface, but covered with 
gray corky layer on the lateral sides. The fracture is whitish or 
pale grayish-white, granular and pulverulent, showing numerous vascu- 
lar bundles. The axial cylinder is very thick and surrounded by a 
cortex, not thicker than 1 mm. ; secretory-reservoirs are uniformly 
distributed in the parenchyma. 

It has a characteristic, aromatic odor and a pungent, hot taste. 



RESINA DAMMAR RESINA GUAIACI 287 



RESINA DAMMAR. 

Dammar Resin. 

The resin obtained from Shorea Wiesneri Stapf., and other plants 
belonging to the Dipterocarpacece. 

Yellowish-white, transparent stalactitic, pear-shaped or club-shaped 
masses, variable in size ; easily soluble in ether, chloroform, and in 
carbon disulphide, but almost insoluble in alcohol. 

When ground, Dammar Resin becomes a white, odorless powder, 
not softening at 100° C. 

If 1 part of its powder be shaken with 10 parts of ammonia 
water, set aside for half an hour and be filtered, the resulting clear 
or slightly opalescent filtrate should, on being supersaturated with 
acetic acid, not be rendered turbid. 



RESINA GUAIACI. 

Guaiacum Resin. 

The resin obtained from the wood of Guaiacum officinale Linn. 

Greenish-brown or reddish-brown masses with a vitreous fracture, 
transparent in their splinters; when powdered, turning to green 
color on exposure to the air. 

On heating, Guaiacum Resin melts, giving off an odor somewhat 
resembling that of benzoin. 

It is soluble in alcohol, and in potassium hydroxide solution, leav- 
ing no more than a small quantity of impurities. Its alcoholic solu- 
tion should, on the addition of ferric chloride solution, acquire a blue 
color. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with about 5 parts of petroleum ether 
and filtered, then the resulting filtrate should, on being mixed with 
an equal volume of copper acetate solution (1 : 1000), produce no 
turbidity. 



288 RESINA JALAPiE RESINA PIXI 



RESINA JALAP/E. 
Resin of Jalap. 

Take 

Jalap Root^ in coarse powder 1 pi. 

pour on it 

Alcohol . . . 4 pte. 

and extract by heating, under frequent agitation, for 24 hours; 
press; on the residue, pour again 

Alcohol 2 p^ 

and extract by heating as before ; press ; collect the expressed liquids ; 
filter; distill the alcohol off; repeatedly wash the remaining resin 
with warm water, until the washing becomes colorless ; dry the 
residue, with constant stirrings, on a water-bath. 

Very brittle, brown masses, transparent in the margin ; ha\'ing a 
lustrous fracture ; easily soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in carbon 
disulphide. 

If 1 part of Resin of Jalap be warmed with 10 parts of ammonia 
water in a stoppered glass bottle, it dissolves and forms a solution 
which, on cooling, will not become gelatinous, and which, on being 
evaporated, yields a residue soluble in water, leaving no more than 
a little insoluble resin. The same solution, on being supersaturated 
with acetic acid, should produce no more than a slight turbidity. 

If Ig. of the powdered resin be warmed with 10 g. of chloroform 
and filtered, the resulting filtrate should, on being evaporated to 
dryness, leave not more than 0.1 g. of residue. 

If it be triturated with 10 parts of water and filtered, an almost 
colorless filtrate should be obtained. 

Keep with care. 

RESINA PINI. 

Resin of Pine. 

The resin obtained by drying turpentine, which exudes from the 
stems of several species of Pinus. 



RESINAPmi ^RESINA PODOPHYIi. 289 



Yellow or brownish-yellow masses, ha^^ng a faint, turpentine-like 
odor and a conchoidal fracture ; more or less transparent ; very 
brittle ; melting when heated on a water-bath ; soluble in alcohol, 
and in alkalies. 

When dissolved in alcohol, Resin of Pine should leave not more 
than a small quantity of impurities. 



RESINA PODOPHYLLI. 
Podophyllum Besin. 

■ 

The resin obtained from the root of Podophyllum peltatum Linn. 

A yellow or greenish-brown powder, or yellowish or brownish-gray 
masses, having a bitter taste ; when heated to 100® C, turning to 
dark color without melting ; almost insoluble in water, but consider- 
ably soluble in ether. 

If Podophyllum Resin be shaken with water and filtered, the re- 
sulting filtrate is almost colorless, showing a neutral reactipn. The 
same filtrate acquires, with ferric chloride solution, a light brown 
color ; and, with lead subacetate solution, it acquires a yellow color, 
producing a slight turbidity, and depositing, after 2 or 3 hours, a 
reddish-yellow, flocculeut precipitate. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 10 parts of warm alcohol in which 
it readily dissolves, and water be added to the resulting solution, a 
brown precipitate should be produced. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 100 parts of ammonia water in 
which it readily dissolves, and the resulting solution be neutralised 
with acid, a brown precipitate should also be produced. 

On incineration, it should leave not more than 1 per cent, of solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 



290 BB80BCINUM SACX:SABINUM 



RESORCINUM. 

Resorcin. 
CeHeO,= 110.06 

Colorless or faintly pinkish crystals, having a characteristic odor 
and an acrid, faintly sweetish taste ; soluble in aboat 1 part of water, 
and also in about 1 part of alcohol, easily soluble in ether, and in 
glycerin, difficultly soluble in chloroform, and in carbon disulphide. 
Melting point: 100°— 111^ C. 

An aqueous solution (1: 20) of Resorcin produces a white pre- 
cipitate with lead subacetate solution. 

If 0.05 g. of it be cautiously warmed with a mixture of 0.1 g. of 
tartaric acid and 10 drops of sulphuric acid, a dark carmine-red 
liquid is produced. 

.The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of it should be colorless, and almost 
neutral to litmus papers, and should, when gently warmed, emit no 
odor of phenol. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it should be consumed without leav- 
ing any weighable solid residue. 

Keep protected from light. 



SACCHARINUM. 

Saccharin. 
QHsNOjS^lSS.lS 

A white, odorless, crystalline powder, with an exceedingly sweet 
taste, being still recognisable even when dissolved in 10,000 times 
its weight of water, and showing an acid reaction ; soluble in about 
400 parts of water, and in 24 parts of boiling water, also in 25 parts 
of alcohol, difficultly soluble in ether, but readily soluble in sodium 
hydroxide solution, and in sodium carbonate solution. Melting point : 
about 224^0. 



SACCHARIXUM SACX5HARI. SOLUBILE 291 

If Saccharin be carefully fused with potassium hydroxide and 
dissolved in water, the resulting solution acquires, after being slight- 
ly acidified with hydrochloric acid, a violet coloration with ferric 
coloride solution. 

It should neither be colored by sulphuric acid, nor should it there- 
by acquire, even when warmed on a water-bath, any more than a 
faintly yellow coloration. 

On heating strongly, it should leave no solid residue or, if any, 
only a trace of it. 



SACCHARINUM SOLUBILE. 

Soluble Saccharin. 

A white, crystalline powder, or colorless, transparent crystals, show- 
ing a neutral reaction, and having an exceedingly sweet taste, being 
still recognisable even when dissolved in 10,000 times its weight of 
water ; readily soluble in water, and in dilute alcohol ; efflorescent in 
the air. * 

If Soluble Saccharin be carefully fused with potassium hydroxide 
and dissolved in water, the resulting solution acquires, after being 
slightly acidified with hydrochloric acid, a violet coloration with 
ferric chloride solution. 

The residue, obtained by heating it strongly, imparts, when heated 
in a non-lumirfOus flame, a yellow color to the latter. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 10) of it should not immediately color 
a red litmus paper blue. If the same aqueous solution be mixed 
with nitric acid, and the precipitate thereby produced be filtered off, 
the resulting filtrate should neither be affected by barium nitrate 
solution, nor should it acquire, with silver nitrate solution, any 
more than an opalescence. 

On warming 0.1 g. of it with 5 ccm. of sulphuric acid on a 
water-bath, no more than a faintly brown color should be produced. 

On heating strongly, 0.5 g. of it should be consumed, leaving 
0.14-0.17 g. of residue. 



292 SACJCHARUM SAOCHAB. LACTLS 



SACCHARUM. 

Sugar. 
C,2H«0„= 342.22 

Purely white, dry crj-stals, or purely white, dry, crystalline masses, 
or powder, having a very sweet taste ; inodorous ; and soluble in 
0.5 parts of water. 

If 10 g. of Sugar be mixed with 5 com. of water, a clear, colorless 
solution should be obtained, not changing the color of litmus papers, 
and clearly miscible, in all proportions, with alcohol. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of it should not be affected by 
hydrogen sulphide solution, nor should it produce any more than an 
opalescence with a solution of ammonium oxalate, silver nitrate, or 
of barium nitrate. 

On heating strongly, 0.5 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 



SACCHARUM LACTIS. 

Milk Sugar. 
CigHjaOn + HjO = 360.24 

Whitish, crystalline masses, or a purely white powder, having a 
faintly sweet taste ; odorless ; soluble in 7 parts of water, and in 1 
part of boiling water. 

If an aqueous solution of Milk Sugar be heated with sodium 
carbonate solution, a yellow-colored liquid is formed, and on boiling 
it for 2 or 3 minutes with bismuth subnitrate, a black coloration is 
produced. 

The aqueous solution (1 : 20) of it should be clear and colorless, 
not changing the color of litmus papers; the same aqueous solution 
should produce no more than a very slight turbidity with a solution 
either of silver nitrate or of barium nitrate. 



SAOCHAR. LACTLS SAXDARACA 293 

If 1 g. of it be sprinkled upon 5 com. of sulphuric acid contained 
in a shallow dish^ only a faint coloration should be produced^ after 
keeping for an hour at a temperature not above 16° C. 

If 15 g. of its powder be thoroughly shaken with 50ccm. of dilute 
alcohol for half an hour, and be filtered, lOccm. of the resulting fil- 
trate should, on the addition of an equal volume of absolute alcohol, 
produce no turbidity; if lOccm. of the same filtrate be evaporated 
to dryness on a water-bath, not more than 0.04 g. of residue should 
be obtained. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 



SAL CAROLINUM FACTITIUM. 

Artificial Salt of Karlsbad. 

Take 

Exsiccated Sodium Sulphate . ^7 pu. 

Potassium Sulphate 2 pis. 

Sodium Chloride 15 p^. 

Sodium Bicarbonate 36 i^^. 

all in medium powder, and mix them together. 

A dry, white powder which dissolves in water, and effervesces 
briskly in acids. 

If 6 g. of the salt be dissolved in 1 litre of water, a liquid re- 
sembling Karlsbad water is obtained. 



SANDARACA. 

Sandarac. 

The resin obtained from the stem of Callitris quadrivalvis Vent. 

Light lemon-yellow, transparent granules, with a faintly bitter 
taste ; when heated, emitting a pleasant odor and melting, and finally 
burning off on further heating ; partly soluble in cold alcohol, and 
completely soluble in hot alcohol, and also in turpentine oil. 



294 SAIJTONIXUM SAPO JALAPINUS 



SANTONINUM. 

Santoniri. 
C„H,A= 246.18 

Shining, colorkss, neutral, crystalline laminse, having a bitter taste ; 
turning yellow on exposure to light ; soluble in 5000 parts of water, 
44 parts of alcohol, and in 4 parts of chloroform ; melting at about 
170** C, and on further rise of temperature, subliming with partial 
carbonisation. 

If Santonin be dissolved by boiling in a mixture of equal vol- 
umes of sulphuric acid and of water, and a few drops of ferric chlo- 
ride solution be added, a violet coloration is produced. 

When moistened with either sulphuric or nitric acid, it should 
not be colored immediately. 

If 1 part of it be boiled together with 100 parts of water and 5 
parts of sulphuric acid, and filtered after cooling for a long time, 
the resulting filtrate should neither taste bitter, nor produce any pre- 
cipitate with 2 or 3 drops of potassium bichromate solution. 

On shaking 0.01 g. of its powder with a cold mixture of 1 ccm. 
each, of sulphuric acid, and of water, no coloration should be pro- 
duced. 

On igniting 0.2 g. of it, no weighable solid residue should be 
obtained. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 



SAPO JALAPINUS. 

Jalap Soap. 



Mix 

Resin oi Jalap, in fine jiotvder 

with equal parts of 
Medicmal Soap. 



SAPO KALINU8 SAPO MEDICATUS 295 



SAPO KALI N US. 
Soft Soap. 

Warm 

Linseed Oil .... • 20 pu. 

in a porcelain dish on a water-bath ; add to It, under stirring, a 
mixture of 

Fotassimn Hydroxide Solution (Spee^ gravity : 1.14) . . 27 pts. 

Alcohol 2 pts. 

and warm the mixture, until the complete saponification takes place. 

A transparent, brownish-yellow, homogeneous, soft mass, having a 
faint, not disagreeable odor ; soluble in water, and in alcohol. 

A solution of 10 g. of Soft Soap in SOccm. of alcohol, when mixed 
with 0.5 com. of normal hydrochloric acid solution, should neither 
become turbid, nor red-colored, on the further addition of a drop of 
phenolphthalein solution. 



SAPO MEDICATUS. 
Medicinal Soap. 

Warm 

Sodium Hydroxide Solution {Speeifie gravity : 1.17) . . 120 pts, 

on a water-bath ; gradually add to it, under stirring, a mixture of 

Hog's Lard 50 pu. 

Olive Oil ... 50 pis. 

after warming the mixture for half an hour, add 

Alcohol 12pt8. 

stir the resulting mixture, until a homogeneous mass is obtained, then 

gradually add 

Water 200 pu. 

and heat the mixture, adding, if necessary, a small quantity more of 
sodium hydroxide solution, until the complete saponification takes 
place. When a portion of the saponified mass clearly dissolves in 
hot water, add to it the filtered solution of 



296 SAPO MEDICATUS SAPO VIBIDIS 

Sodium Chloride 25 i>^ 

Sodium Carbonate 3 p^- 

in 

Water 80 i><«- 

heat the whole mass, under stirring, until the soap is cojnpletely 
separated ; after cooling, remove the mother liquor ; wash it repeated- 
ly with a small quantity of water ; press strongly ; cut into small 
pieces and dry in a warm place. 

A white mass, having no rancid odor; soluble in water, and in 
alcohol. 

If Ig. of Medicinal Soap be dissolved by warming in 6ocm. of 
alcohol, the resulting solution should neither be colored red with a 
drop of phenolphthalein solution, nor should it be affected by hy- 
cilrogen sulphide solution. 



SAPO VIRIDIS. 
Green Soap. 

A transparent, yellowish-brown or greenish, unctuous, soft mass, 
clearly or almost clearly soluble in water. 

If 5g. of Green Soap be dissolved in lOccm. of boiling water, 
and after cooling, 1 volume of the resulting solution be mixed with 
an equal volume of alcohol, the resulting mixture should remain 
dear, and should yield, on adding 2 drops of hydrochloric acid, no 
flocculent precipitate. 

Dissolve 5 g. of it in 100 ccm. of boiling water in a glass bottle, 
and warm the solution on a water-bath with 15 ccm. of dilute sul- 
phuric acid, until a clear layer of oleic acid appears on the surface 
after cooling, add 50 ccm. of petroleum benzin, and close the bottle 
and thoroughly shake the mixture, until the oleic acid layer disap- 
pears ; then 25 ccm. of the resulting solution, on being transferred to 
a glass vessel and petroleum ether being evaporated off by a gentle 
heat, leaves a residue which, when dried at a temperature not ex- 
ceeding 75° C, should weigh not less than 1 g. 



SCOPOLA. HYDROBROM. SEBUM BOVIXUM 297 

SCOPOLAMINUM HYDROBROMICUM. 

Scopolamine Hydrobromide. 
C^Hj^NO^-HBr + SH^O = 438.28 

Colorless, odorless, prismatic crystals, having a bitter and acrid 
taste ; readily soluble in water, and in alcohol, forming a colorless, 
slightly acid solution ; sparingly soluble in ether, and in chloroform, 
and melting, when dried in a desiccator, at about 180° C. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 20) of Scopolamine Hydrobromide yields, 
with silver nitrate solution, a yellowish precipitate, and with sodium 
hydroxide solution, a whitish turbidity which disappears in a short 
time ; the same solution undergoes no change with ammonia water. 

If about 0.01 g. of it be mixed with 5 drops of fuming nitric 
acid in a porcelain dish on a water-bath, and be evaporated, it leaves 
a very slightly yellowish-colored substance which acquires, after cool- 
ing, a violet coloration with an alcoholic solution of potassium hy- 
droxide. 

On drying at first in a desiccator, and then at 100® C, it should 
lose not more than about 12 per cent, of its weight. 

On igniting 0.02 g. of it, no solid residue should be obtained. 

Keep with special care. 



SEBUM BOVINUM. 

Ox-Tallow. 

A fisit obtained by heating the fatty tissues of Bos Taurus Linn, 
with water, washed and then deprived of water. 

A white or slightly yellow mass, melting at 45° — 50° C. to a 
perfectly clear liquid, with no rancid odor. The melted Ox-Tallow, 
when shaken with warm alcohol and filtered after cooling, gives a 
filtrate which, after being diluted with water, should not change the 
color of litmus papers. 



298 SECALE OORNTJTUM SEMEN COLCHXCl 



SECALE CORNUTUM. 

Ergot 

The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea Tul., developed especially on 
Secale cereale Linn.^ dried by the application of a gentle heat. 

Ergot is obscurely 3- or 4r-angled, usually somewhat curved, 10— 
30 mm. long, 2.5 — 5 mm. thick, tapering towards both ends, mostly 
longitudinally furrowed; externally dark violet to black, and reddish 
or whitish in fracture. When examined under the microscope, it 
consists of a colorless, uniform tissue, except the violet-colored corti- 
cal layer. 

It has an insipid taste, and emits, when 10 parts of hot water are 
poured upon 1 part of it, a characteristic odor which is free from an 
ammoniacal or rancid smell. 

It should not be kept in form of powder. 

After drying it in a desiccator, keep well-closed, with care. 



SEMEN COLCHICi. 
Colchicum Seed. 

The seed of Cdcliicum avtumnale Linn. 

Colchicum Seed is nearly spherical, 3 mm. in diameter, externally 
brown, at first adhesive through the excretion of sugar, marked with 
small pits or finely wrinkled, and bears on one side a somewhat pro- 
minent hilum. The thin, brown seed-coat consists of collapsed cells, 
and encloses the endosperm, and the embryo not longer than 0.5 mm. 
The endosperm is composed of gray, thick-walled cells which contain 
fiit, and are furnished with circular pits. 

It has a very bitter taste. 

Keep with care. 



8BM1EN LINI SEMEN PHYSOSTIG. 299 



SEMEN LINI. 
Linseed. 

The seed of Limim usitatisaimum Linn. 

Linseed is ovoid, flattened, 4— 6 mm. long, yellowish to brown, and 
glossy. The epidermis of seed-coat consists of mucilage cells. The 
thin endosperm and embryo contain fat, but no starch. 

It has a mild, oily, mucilaginous, but not rancid taste. 



SEMEN MYRISTIOE. 

Nutmeg. 

The seed of Myristica fragraiis Houtt., divested of its testa. 

Nutmeg is ovoid or ellipsoidal, about 3cm. long and 2cm. broad; 
externally brown, covered with white lime powder, and marked with 
broad, flat, longitudinal furrows and narrow, finely reticulated ones. 
A transverse section shows brown strips, containing aromatic secretion 
in the endosperm which is filled with fat and starch. 

It has an aromatic odor and a bitter taste. 



SEMEN PHYSOSTIG MATIS. Fdba Calabartca. 

Calabar Bean. 

The seed of Physostigma venenosum Balfour. 

Calabar Bean is oblong, somewhat curved like a kidney, about 
30 mm. long, 15 mm. broad and 10 mm. thick. The hilum groove 
extends nearly the entire length of the elevated margin. The testa 
is hard, brown and glossy, and encloses 2 whitish cotyledons. 

Keep with care. 



300 SEM. PRUN. ARMENI. SEMEN SINAPIS 

SEMEN PRUNI ARMENIAC>C 

Apricot Seed. 

The seed of Pt'umts armeniaca Linn. 

Apricot Seed is a«ymmetrically ovoid, flattened, about 15 mm. long, 
12 mm. broad, pointed at one end, and rounded at the other, where 
it measures to 6 mm, or less in thickness. The seed-coat is brown, 
externally covered with powders consisting of crumbly, thick-walled 
epidermal cells, and internally marked with numerous vascular bundles, 
starting from the chalaza. When macerated in warm water, the seed- 
coat may be removed togetlier with the thin endosperm. The coty- 
ledons are white in color. 

It has a very bitter taste, free from rancidity. When moistened 
with water and crushed, it should emit the aromatic odor of the 
volatile oil of bitter almond. 



SEMEN SINAPIS. 
Mustard. 

The seed of Sinapis cernua Thunb. and Brasaica nigra Koch. 

Mustard is nearly spherical, 1.5 mm. in diameter, brownish-yellow 
or dark brown in color ; showing minute pits, when examined with 
a magnifying glass. The cotyledons are greenish-yellow and con- 
duplicate. 

Its powder should, when microscopically examined, be free from 
oxalate crystals, starch, and other ingredients. 

Take 5g. of its powder in a stoppered glass bottle, pour on it 
100 ccm. of water at 20° — 25° C, and set aside, with frequent shak- 
ings, for 2 hours ; add 20 ccm. of alcohol and 2 ccm. of olive oil, and 
distill the mixture with careful cooling. Take 40- 50 ccm. of the 
first distillate into a measuring glass flask of 100 ccm. in capacity, 
which is previously fiUed with 10 ccm. of ammonia water, add 20 
ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution, and make the solution up 
to 100 ccm. by adding water, put on the stopper and set aside, with 



SEMEN SLNAPLS SEMEN STBYCHNI 301 

frequent shakings, for 24 hours, and filter ; then 50 ecm. of the clear 
filtrate, after being mixed with 6 com. of nitric acid and 1 ccm. of 
dilute ferric sulphate solution (1 : 20), should require, for the ap- 
pearance of a red coloration, not more than 7.2 ccm. of decinormal 
ammonium sulphocyanate solution. 

SEMEN STROPHANTHL 

Strophanthus Seed. 

The seed of a species of Strophanthus, deprived of its awn. 

Strophanthus Seed is lance-ovoid, 17 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, and 
3 mm. thick, densely covered with closely appressed unicellular hairs 
which are directed towards the apex of the seed. When observed in 
the direction of the hairs, the seed appears light greenish-brown, 
otherwise more grayish. The raphe runs from the centre of the 
flattened side to the base of the awn. The seed-coat is thin and 
composed of collapsed, thin-walled cells ; the epidermal cells, from 
the middle of which hairs spring, show striation in the thickened 
radial walls. The endosperm is thin and white. The white, straight 
embryo in ripe seed is either free from starch, or contains starch- 
grains not exceeding 0.008 mm. in size The tissue of the embryo 
does not contain any oxalate crystal. The 2 cotyledons are flat. If 
the transverse section of the seed be moistened with a drop of sul- 
phuric acid, the endosperm assumes a considerably bluish-green color, 
changing gradually to red. 

It tastes very bitter. 

Keep with care. 

SEMEN STRYCHNI. 

» 

Nux Vomica. 

The seed of Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn. 

Nux Vomica is discoidal, mostly somewhat curved, grayish-yellow, 
20— 25mm. in diameter, 3— 5mm. thick; both surfaces are covered 
with silky, glossy, appressed hairs whose ends are directed towards the 
margin. The hard, horny endosperm encloses the embryo, about 7 mm. 



302 SElVfEN STRYCHNI 



long, which stretches out its straight radicle against the edge of ilie 
seed, and causes thereby a slight elevation of the latter. The endo- 
sperm consists of thick-walled cells, devoid of pits, and free from 
starch. The sections of endosperm assume, when treated with fuming 
nitric acid, an orange-yellow color. 

It tastes very bitter. 

Mix 15 g. of it in medium powder, dried at 100° C, with 139 com. 
of ether and 33.5 ccm. of chloroform, and shake strongly, add 10 ccm. 
of a mixture of 2 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 1 part of 
water, and allow the mixture to stand, with frequent shakings, for 
3 hours. Then add to the mixture 15 ccm. or more of water, and 
let the powder collect together by shaking strongly, and set aside 
for an hour. Filter 115 ccm. of the clear chloroform-ether solution 
into a small glass flask, through a dry filter-paper placed in a well- 
covered funnel ; distill the filtrate till it becomes about one-half of 
the original bulk ; transfer the remaining chloroform-ether solution 
to a separating-funnel, and wash the small flask thrice, each time, 
with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 parts of ether and 1 part of chloro- 
form ; add the washings to the main solution in the separating-funnel, 
and shake the mixed liquid strongly with 10 ccm. of decinormal 
hydrochloric acid solution. After complete separation of the chloro- 
form-ether solution, adding, if necessary, a suitable quantity of ether, 
filter the lower, clear, acid layer into a colorless glass flask of 100 
ccm. in capacity, through a small filter-paper which is previously 
moistened with water; shake the chloroform-ether solution successive- 
ly for three times, each, with 10 ccm. of water, the aqueous layer 
being separated and filtered, each time, through the same filter-paper 
which is finally washed with water ; mix all the filtrates, and dilute 
the mixture to 100 ccm. by adding water. Transfer 50 ccm. of the 
diluted solution to a colorless glass flask of about 200 ccm. in capaci- 
ty ; add about 50 ccm. of water and some ether, until the latter 
forms in the bottle a layer of about 1cm. in thickness, and after 
adding 5 drops of iodeosin solution, titrate the excess of the acid in 
the resulting solution by pouring, drop by drop, centinormal potassium 
hydroxide solution, under strong shakings; tlien not more than 15.6 ccm. 
of the latter solution should be required, before the lower aqueous 
layer acquires a light red coloration. 

Keep with care. 



8EM£X TONOO 8ER. ANTIDIPH. LIQ. 303 

SEMEN TONCO. I^ba Toneo. 

Tonka Bean. 

The seed of Dipterix odot'ota Willd. 

Tonka Bean is oblong, straight or somewhat bent, 3— 4 cm. long^ 
about 15 mm. broad. The seed-coat is of dark brown color with a 
fatty lustre, smooth, or more or less wrinkled, thin and brittle, en- 
closing a pale brown, fatty kernel which consists of 2 cotyledons. 

It has an agreeable, aromatic odor and a bitter taste. 

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM. 
Antidiphtheric Serum. Diphtheria Antitoxin. 

The blood-serum of a horse, immunised through the inoculation of 
diphtheric toxin. Antidiphtheric Serum should be kept sealed in 
glass bottles, furnished with a label bearing the name of its factory, 
the strength, expressed in units of antitoxic power, possessed by 
1 ccm. of it, and the same of the whole content of the bottle, the 
number of application, and the date when it was tested. The bottle 
is packed so as to be protected from light. 

It should prove sterile when tested by serobic, and anaerobic culture 
in bouillon, and also in agar. 

(a) 

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM LIQUIDUM. 

Liquid Antidiphtheric Serum. 

A yellowish, clear or slightly turbid liquid, having an odor of the 
antiseptic used as a preservative. 

Liquid Antidiphtheric Serum should possess not less than 500 
units of antitoxic power in 1 ccm. of it. The calculation of antitoxic 
imit is done aqcording to the method of Behring and Ehrlich. 



304 SER. ANTIDIPH. LIQ. SER. ANTTTETA. 

It is usually divided into 3 classes, according to the numbers of 
antitoxic units possessed by the serum contained in one bottle : — 

No. 1. 600 antitoxic units. 

No. 2. 1000 „ „ 

No. 3. 1500 „ „ 

If it be injected subcutaneously, 0.5 ccm. should not kill a mouse 
of about 15 g. in weight, and also 10 ccm. of it should not prove 
fatal to a guinea-pig. 

It should not be used when it is considerably turbid, or when it 
contains a large quantity of precipitate. 

Keep with care, in a cool dark place, but not over a year. 

(b) 

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM SICCUM, 

Exsiccated Antidiphtheric Serum. 

The dried antidiplitheric serum, usually in the form of yellow, 
transparent scales, or of a yellowish-white powder. 

At least 5000 antitoxic units should be possessed by 1 g. of exsiccated 
antidiphtheric serum, and neither antiseptic, nor any other substance 
should be mixed with it. 

A solution of 1 part of it in 10 parts of water should have the 
same external appearance as liquid antidiphtheric serum. 

The tests for a solution of 1 part of it in 10 parts of sterilised 
water should conform with those given under the article of Serum 
Antidiplitlicricum Liquid um . 

It should be dissolved, before using, either in carbolic acid water 
(1 : 200), or in sterilised water. 

Keep with care, in a cool dark place. 



SERUM ANTITETANICUM. 

Antitetanic Serum. 

The blood-serum of a horse, immunised through the inoculation of 



SERUM ANTITETA. SERUM ANTITETA. SIC. 305 

tetanic toxin. Antitetanic Serum should be kept sealed in glass 
bottles^ furnished with a label bearing the name of the factory where 
it was prepared^ the strength, expressed in units of antitoxic power^ 
possessed by 1 ocm. of it, and the same also of the whole content of 
the bottle, the number of application, and the date when it was 
tested; the bottle is packed so as to be protected from light. 

It should prove sterile when tested by serobic, and anserobic culture 
in bouillon, and also in agar. 

(a) 

SERUM ANTITETANICUM LIQUIDUM. 

Liquid Antitetanic Serum. 

A yellowish, clear or slightly turbid liquid, having an odor of the 
antiseptic used as a preservative. 

At least 5 antitoxic units should be possessed by Iccm. of Liquid 
Antitetanic Serum, the calculation of antitoxic units being conducted 
according to Behring^s method. 

If 0.5 ccm. of it be injected subcutaneously to a mouse, about 15 g. 
in weight, and 10 ccm. to a guinea-pig, it should prove not fatal in 
both cases. 

It should not be used when it is considerably turbid, or when it 
contains a large quantity of precipitate. 

Keep with care, in a cool dark place, but not over a year. 

(b) 

SERUM ANTITETANICUM SICCUM. 

Exsiccated Antitetanic Serum. 

A dried antitetanic serum in the form of translucent, small scales, 
or of a yellowish-white powder. 

At least 60 antitoxic units should be possessed by 1 g. of Exsic- 
cated Antitetanic Serum which should contain neither antiseptic, nor 
any other substance added to it. 



306 SERUM ANTITETA. SIC. SIEUPU8 ALTHJE. 

A solution of 1 part of it in 10 parts of water should have the 
same external appearance as liquid antitetanic serum. 

The tests for a solution of 1 part of it in 10 parts of sterilised 
water, should conform with those given under the article of Serum 
Antitetanicum Liquidum. 

It should be dissolved, before using, in carbolic acid water (1 : 200), 
or in sterilised water. 

Keep with care, in a cool dark place. 



SIRUPI. 

Syrups- 
Syrups are prepared, except in those cases specially described, By 

mixing the prescribed medicinal liquids with sugar or simple syrup, 

each, in proper proportions, and after once boiling the mixture, 

straining through a piece of cloth while still hot. 

They should be kept in well-dried vessels, filled quite full, in a 

cool place, and those which have undergone fermentation, or those 

which contain precipitates should not be used. 



SIRUPUS ALTH>E>C 

Syrup of Althsea. 
Wash 

Althssa Root, coarse cut 2 pU- 

with distilled water; add to it 

Alcohol I pL 

Distilled Water 50 pte. 

extract in the cold, without stirring, for 3 hours ; strain through a 
piece of cloth ; in the 

Strained liquid 37 je><8. 

dissolve 

Sugar 63 pia. 

A clear, slightly yellow, thick liquid. 



SIR. AURAN. OORTI. SYRUPUS CROCI 307 



SIRUPUS AURANTII CORTICIS. 
Syrup of Bitter Orange Peel. 

Prepare by mixing 

Tincture of Bitter Orange Feel 15 p^ 

Simple Syrup « 85 ;><«• 

A clear, yellowish-brown syrup, having a pleasant, aromatic odor. 



SIRUPUS CINNAMOMI. 
Syrup of Cassia. 

Take 

Caseda Bark, in coarse powder 1 pt. 

pour on it 

Cinnamon Water 5 pts, 

and extract in the cold, with frequent shakings, for 2 days ; filter ; 
iu tlie 

Filtrate 4 pfo. 

dissolve 

Sugar 6/><«. 

A reddish-brown syrup. 

SYRUPUS CROCI. 

Syprup of Saffron. 

Take 

Saffiron 2 i)te. 

pour on it 

White Wine 45 p^. 

extract in the cold for 2 days ; filter ; in the 

PUtrate AO pu. 

dissolve 

Sugar 60 jDto. 

A clear, yellowish-red syrup. 



308 smup. FER. lOD. smup. ipeca. 



SIRUPUS FERRI lODATI. 

Syrup of Ferrous Iodide. 

Introduce 

Iodine 41 jMs. 

Distilled Water 50 pu. 

into a glass flask; gradually add to them^ under continual shakings 

Iron Powder 12 pi^ 

filter tlie resulting, greenisli liquid by means of a small filter into a 
porcelain dish, containing 

Simple Syrup 850 pt^ 

wash the filter with 

Distilled Water a suitable quantity 

and make the whole quantity up to 1000 parts. 

An almost colorless or slightly green, or yellow, clear syrup, cjon- 
taining 5 per cent, of pure ferrous iodide (Fel2= 309.7). 

Mix 5 g. of Syrup of Ferrous Iodide with 10 ccm. each, of water, 
and of dilute sulphuric acid ; to the mixture, add potassium perman- 
ganate solution (1: 100), drop by drop, until the red color does not 
fade away for a short time ; after allowing the mixture to stand, with 
frequent shakings, for 3 hours at ordinary temperatures, add 2g. of 
potassium iodide, and set aside again for anotlier hour ; then in order 
to decolorise the resulting solution, 24.2 ccm. of decinormal sodium 
tliiosulphate solution should be required. 

Keep in well-«toppered, colorless bottles to which a piece of iron 
wire is introduced. 



SIRUPUS IPECACUANH/£. 

Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 

Prepare by mixing 

Tincture of Ipecacuanha 10 pia. 

Simple Syrup 90 pto. 

A clear, yellowish syrup. 



SIRUP. MANN-E SIRUP. RHEI 309 



SIRUPUS MANN>C 

Syrup of Manna. 
Dissolve 

MaTiTia 10 pis. 

in a mixture of 

Alcohol 2 pts. 

Distilled Water 33 pis. 

filter the resulting solution^ and in the 

Filtrate 45 p^. 

dissolve 

Sugar 65 pi8, 

A yellowish syrup. 

SIRUPUS MENTHyC. 

Syrup of Peppermint 

Moisten 

Peppermint Leaves^ medium ait ....... 2 pis, 

with 

Alcohol I pi, 

pour on them 

Distilled Water 10 pis. 

extract in the cold, with frequent shakings, for 24 hours ; press ; 
filter ; in the 

Filtrate 7 pis. 

dissolve 

Sugar '.. 13 pis. 

A greenish-brown syrup. 

SIRUPUS RHEI. 

Syrup of Rhubarb. 

Take 

Rhubarb, coarse cut • . • • 10 pts. 



310 SmUP. RHEl SIRUP. 8ENEG-E 



Potassdum Carbonate 1 p^- 

Sodium Borate 1 P<. 

pour on them 

DistUled Water 80 pi^ 

extract in the cold for 12 hours; strain; boil the strained liq^uid ; 
filter ; in the 

Filtrate 60 irf^ 

dissolve 

Cinnamon Water 20 pis. 

Sugar 120 pis. 

and make the whole quantity up to 200 parts. 
A clear, brownish-yellow syrup. 

SIRUPUS RUBI ID/EL 

Syrup of Raspberry. 

Crush fresh raspberries, cover, and set aside with frequent stirrings 
at a temperature of about 20° C, until a small portion of the filtered 
juice, on being mixed with half its volume of alcohol, produces no 
turbidity ; press ; filter ; in the 

Filtrate 7 pu. 

dissolve 

Sugar 13 pit- 

A red syrup. 

If 10 ccm. of Syrup of Baspberry be diluted with an equal volume 
of water, mixed with 5 ccm. of potassium bisulphate solution, and 
2 or 3 pieces of woolen strings, free from fat, be introduced into the 
mixed liquid, boiled for 10 minutes and be well washed with water, 
then they should not be dyed red. 

SIRUPUS SENEGyC. 

Syrup of Senega. 

Take 

Senega Root, medium cut • 5 i>c& 

pour on it 



8IKUP. SENEG-E SIB. SEN. C. MANNA 311 

Distilled Water 45 pte. 

Alcohol 6 pis. 

extract in the cold for 2 days; press; filter; in the 

Filtrate 40 pu. 

dissolve 

SugStr 60 pfe. 

A clear, yellowish syrup which acquires, on adding ferric chloride 
solution, a brownish-green coloration. 



SIRUPUS SENN>C. 

Syrup of Senna. 

Take 

Senna Leaves, meelium cuf 10 pu. 

Fennel, Crushed 1 pt. 

moisten them with 

Alcohol b pts. 

pour on them 

Distilled Water QO pttu 

and extract in the cold for 12 hours; strain without pressing; boil 
the strained liquid ; filter ; after cooling, dissolve 

Sugar 65 />to. 

in the resulting 

Filtrate 36 pte. 

A clear, brown syrup. 



SIRUPUS SENN/E CUM MANNA. 

Syrup of Senna with Manna. 

Take 

Senna Leaves, mediwn cut .35 pu* 

Fennel, Crushed 2 pts. 

pour on them 

BoiUng DistiUed Water 350 1>^ 

set aside for 12 hours; express; in the 



312 SIR. SEN. C. MANNA SPARTEIN. StnLFUBI. 



ij. 



Expressed Liquid • 350 pis. 

dissolve 

Manna 50 pu- 

Sugar 400i»te. 

allow to subside ; decant the upper clear liquid ; evaporate till it 

attains a syrupy consistence^ and strain. 
A dark brown syrup. 



SIRUPUS SIMPLEX. 

Simple Syrup. 

Take 

Suga^ 65 pi*. 

dissolve it in 

Hot DistiUed Water 35 pt^ 

A clear, colorless, odorless syrup. Specific gravity: 1.32. 



SIRUPUS ZINGIBERIS. 

Syrup of Ginger. 

Take 

Tincture of Ginger 10 pu. 

Simple Syrup 90 p<s. 

mix them together 
A slightly turbid, pale yellow syrup. 



SPARTEINUM SULFURICUM. 

Sparteine Sulphate. 
C|5H«Jf 2.H2SO4 + 6H2O = 422.52 

Colorless prisms, or a white, granular powder, odorless; soluble in 
2 parts of water, and in 6 parts of alcohol, showing an acid reaction. 



SPARTEIN. SULFURI. SPECIES 313 

An aqueous solution (1: 20) of Sparteine Sulphate yields a white 
precipitate with barium nitrate solution, a yellowish-white precipitate 
with tannic acid solution, and a reddish-brown precipitate with iodine 
solution. The same aqueous solution gradually deposits, with a solu- 
tion of yellow prussiate of potash, a yellow crystalline laminse. 

The aqueous solution (1: 10) of it produces, with sodium hydrox- 
ide solution, a white turbidity, and subsequently deposits oily drops 
which are easily soluble in ether. 

When heated to about 83° C, it melts and loses the water of 
crystallisation ; the resulting, anhydrous substance should melt again 
at about 136° C. 

It should dissolve colorless in sulphuric acid, and the resulting 
solution should, with a small piece of potassium bichromate, produce 
a green, but not a violet coloration. 

On warming 0.1 g. of it with a mixture of 20 drops of chloroform 
and 5 drops of alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution, no penetratii:^ 
odor should be evolved. 

When dried at 110° C. till it attains a constant weight, not more 
than 21.3 per cent, of its weight should be lost. 

On ignition, 0.02 g. of it should leave no solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



SPECIES. 
Tea. 

Cut, rasp, or crush the medicinal substances to be used for the 
preparation of tea, to small pieces of as uniform a size as possible, 
and mix them together, removing the fine powder. 

The medicinal substances to be used for preparing infusion or 
decoction, should have different state of division, according to the ease 
with which their ingredients are extracted. 

The tea-mixture should be finely cut, and those to be used for 
fomentation should be in state of coarse powder. 



314 SPBCI. LAXAN. SPIRITUS 



SPECIES LAXANTES. 

Laxative Tea. 

Take 

Senna Leaves, medium cut 160 pts. 

Elder Flowers 100 j^te. 

Fennel, Cnuhed 50 pts. 

Anise Seed, Crushed 50 p^ 

Potassitim Tartrate 25 pes. 

Tartaric Acid . . • • Ibv^ 

At first, dissolve potassium tartrate in 60 parts of distilled water ; 
uniformly moisten the fennel and anise seed with the resulting sola* 
tion ; after half an hour, uniformly moisten them again with the 
solution of tartaric acid in 15 parts of distilled water ; after drying, 
add the remaining medicinal substances to the resulting mixture. 



SPECIES PECTORALES. 

Pectoral Tea. 

Prepare by mixing 

AlthsBa Root, coarse cut 8 p<<- 

Licorice Root, coarse cut 3 i>t& 

Orris Root, coarse cut 1 j><«. 

Coltsfoot Leaves, coarse cut Aj^ 

Mullein Flowers, coarse cut 2v^ 

Anise Seed, crushed 2 p'^ 



SPIRITUS. Alcohol. 

Spirit. Alcohol. 

A clear, colorless, volatile liquid, having a characteristic, penetrat- 
ing odor and a burning taste ; showing a neutral reaction ; burning, 
when set on fire, with a pale blue flame. Specific gravity : 0.830- 
0.834. 



spmrrus spirit, ^etheb. 315 

Alcohol should be free from foreign odor, and miscible with water 
without any turbidity. It contains 90 — 91.2 percent, by volume, or 
85.6 — 87.2 per cent, by weight, of pure alcohol. (C2HeO = 46.06). 

If 10 ccm. of it be mixed with 6 ccm. of silver nitrate solution, 
it should become neither turbid nor colored, even on heating. 

If 10 ccm. of it be mixed with 0.2 ccm. of potassium hydroxide 
solution, and evaporated down to 1 ccm., no odor of fusel oil should 
be evolved on saturating with dilute sulphuric acid. 

If 5 ccm. of it be carefully introduced into a test-tube, previously 
containing 5 ccm. of sulphuric acid, so as to form 2 layers of liquids, 
uo rose-red ring should, after a long standing, be formed at tlieir 
contact sur&ce. 

A mixture of 10 ccm. of it with Iccm. of potassium permanganate 
solution should not change its color within 20 minutes. 

It should be colored neither by hydrogen sulphide solution, nor by 
ammonia water. 

If 5 ccm. of it be volatilised on a water-bath, no weighable residue 
should be obtained. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITIS /ETHEREUS. Idqv4>r Hoffmann. 

Spirit of Ether. HoffmanrCs Solution. 

Prepare by mixing 

Ether 1 p/. 

Alcohol 3 pto. 

A clear, colorless, volatile liquid, showing a neutral reaction. Speci- 
fic gravity: about 0.806-0.809. 

\i 1 volume of Spirit of Ether be shaken with 1 volume of potas- 
sium acetate solution, half a volume of ether should be separated on 
the surface of the liquid. 

If it be sprinkled over a filter-paper and allowed to volatilise, no 
foreign odor should be perceptible. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place. 



316 SPIRIT. JETHER. ^^TRO. SPIRIT. AMMON. AROMA. 

SPIRITUS /ETHERIS NITROSI. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

Pour 

Alcohol b pi^ 

on 

Nitric Acid 3^(3. 

so as to form 2 layers of liquids ; after standing for 2 days, distill on 
a water-bath ; collect the distillate in a receiver, previously containing 

Alcohol 5i>'& 

but stop the distillation immediately, when a yellow vapor becomes 
visible ; neutralise the distillate here obtained with burnt magnesia ; 
after 24 hours, distill it again on a water-bath, at first, by a very gen- 
tle heat ; collect the distillate in a receiver, which previously contains 

Alcohol 2 pts- 

till the whole distillate becomes 8 parts. 

A colorless or faintly yellow, clear liquid, having an agreeable, 
ethereal odor and a slightly sweet, burning taste; miscible clearly 
with water, and showing a neutral or a slightly acid reaction. Specific 
gravity: 0.84-0.85. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether should completely volatilise on a water-bath 
without leaving any residue. 

If 5 ccm. of it be introduced into a test-tube, about 2 cm. in 
diameter, and 15 ccm. of ferrous sulphate solution (1: 10) and Seem, 
of dilute sulphuric acid be added to it, tightly corked, and be shaken, 
then a blackish-brown coloration should take place. 

If 10 ccm. of it be mixed with 0.2 ccm. of normal potassium hy- 
droxide solution, the mixture should show no acid reaction. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 

SPIRITUS AMMONI/E AROMATICUS. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. 

Take 

Ammonium Carbonate •. 40 j>^ 



SPIKIT. AMMON. ABOMA. ^SPIRIT. AROMA. 317 

Ammonia Water 100 pt». 

Oil of Lemon 8 jxs. 

Oil of Cloves Ipt. 

Oil of Lavender Ipt- 

Alcohol 650 pit. 

Distilled Water 200 pis. 

At first, mix ammonia water with distilled water ; in the resulting 
mixture, dissolve ammonium carbonate ; separately dissolve the volatile 
oils in alcohol ; mix these 2 solutions and filter. 

A clear, slightly yellow or yellow liquid, having an aromatic and 
ammoniacal odor, and containing about 2 per cent, of pure ammonia 
(NH3= 17.07). 

Xeep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS AMMONI/E FCENICULATUS. 

Foeniculated Spirit of Ammonia. 

Take 

Oil of Fennel 3 pt8. 

dissolve it in 

Alcohol 80 pts. 

and with the resulting solution, mix 

Ammonia Water . . 17 pis, 

A clear, slightly yellow or yellow liquid, containing about 1.7 per 
cent, of pure ammonia (NH3= 17.07). 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS AROMATICUS. 

Aromatic Spirit. 

Take 

Cloves 15 ptS' 

Cassia Bark 15 pts. 

Nutmeg 30 pts. 

Cardamom 30 pts. 



318 SPIRIT. AROMA. ^SPIRIT. CHLOROFORM. 

Crush them and introduce into a distillation apparatus^ ; pour on 
them 

Alcohol 800 p2s. 

Oil of Lemon 1 jx. 

Oil of Peppermint 2 pts. 

Water 1200 i>^ 

and distill until about 1000 parts are obtained. 
A clear liquid, having the aromatic odor and taste. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS CAMPHORATUS. 

Spirit of Camphor. Tincture of Camphor. 

Take 

Refined Camphor 1 pL 

dissolve it in 

Alcohol 7 pu, 

and to the resulting solution, add 

Distilled water 2 ptA. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having a specific gravity of 0.885—0.889. 
Keep in wellnstoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS CHLOROFORM!!. 

Spirit of Chloroform. 

Prepare by mixing 

Chloroform 5 pu. 

Alcohol 95 pts. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having a specific gravity of about 0.857. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



8PIKIT. CTNNAM. 8PIRITU8 DILTJT. 319 



SPIRITUS CINNAMOMI. 

Spirit of Cassia. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Cassia 2 1>^ 

Alcohol 9Bpt8. 

A clear liquid. 

Keep in wellnstoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS CITRI. 

Spirit of Lemon. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Lemon 10 pu. 

Alcohol • • 90 pts. 

A clear, colorless liquid. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS DILUTUS. 
Dilute Alcohol. 

Prepare by mixing 

Alcohol 7 pta. 

Distilled Water 3 pts. 

A clear, colorless liquid, containing 60—61 per cent, of pure al- 
cohol (C2HeO= 46.06). Specific gravity: 0.892-0.896. 

Dilute Alcohol should produce no change with a solution of silver 
nitrate, barium nitrate, or of ammonium oxalate. 
Keep in wellnstoppered bottles. 



320 SPIRTT. FCEXICULI SPIRIT. MENTH-E 



SPIRITUS FCENICULI. 

Spirit of Fennel. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Fennel 6 pi^ 

Alcohol 95 ;>'«• 

A clear, colorless liquid. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS JUNIPERI. 

Spirit of Juniper. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Juniper 2pi*- 

Alcohol QQpts, 

A clear, colorless liquid. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS LAVANDUL/E. 
Spirit of Lavender. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Lavender 3 i^* 

Alcohol 97 pti- 

A clear, colorless liquid. 

Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS MENTH/E. 

Spirit of Peppermint. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Peppermint 10 f^ 



SPIKIT. MENTHJ? SPIRIT. SAPONAT. 321 

Alcohol 90 pts. 

A clear, colorless liquid. 
Keep in well-stoppered bottles. 



SPIRITUS ROSMARINI. 

Spirit of Rosemary. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Rosemary 1 pis. 

Alcohol . 9 pi*' 

A clear, almost colorle&s liquid, having a specific gravity of 0.838 
0.840. 



SPIRITUS SAPONATUS. 

Spirit of Soap. 

Take 

Olive Oil 6 pts. 

Potassium Hydroxide Solution 7 pte. 

Alcohol 8 pti- 

introduce them into a glass bottle ; put on a stopper ; shake frequent- 
ly, until a soap paste is formed, and a portion of it clearly dissolves 
both in alcohol and in water, whereupon add to it 

Alcohol • ... 22 pts. 

I>i8tilled Water 17 pts. 

and filter. 

A clear, yellow liquid, showing an alkaline reaction. Specific 
gravity: 0.925-0.935. 

On shaking with water. Spirit of Soap should foam considerably. 



322 SPIRIT. .SINAPIS STIB.-KAL.I. TARTAR. 

SPIRITUS SINAPIS. 

Spirit of Mustard. 

Prepare by mixing 

Oil of Mustard 1 i>'. 

Alcohol 49 !>/«. 

A clear, colorless liquid, having the odor of mustard oil. Specific 
gravity: 0.833-0.837. 

Introduce occm. of Spirit of Mustard, 50ccm. of decinormal silver 
uitrate solution, and 10 ccm. of ammonia water into a measuriug 
flask of 100 ccm. in capacity ; put on a stopper, and set aside with 
freciuent shakings for 24 hours ; make the mixture up to 100 ccm. 
by adding water, and filter ; 50 ccm. of the resulting clear filtrate, 
after being mixed with 6 ccm. of nitric acid and 1 ccm. of dilute 
ferric sulphate solution (1 : 20), should require, for the appearance 
of a red coloration, 16.6 — 17.2 ccm. of decinormal ammonium snl- 
phocyanate solution. 

STIBIO-KALIUM TARTARICUM. 

Pobissium Antimony Tartrate. Tartar Emetic 

2KSbC4H A + H,0 = 664.4 

Fine, transparent crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, slowly 
efflorescent in the air; soluble in 17 parts of water, and in 3 parts 
of boiling water, showing a weak acid reaction, but insoluble in 
alcohol. 

When heated strongly, Potassium Antimony Tartrate emits an *>dor 
resembling that of burning sugar, and leaves an alkaline residue. 

An aqueous solution of the salt yields, on adding lime water, a 
white precipitate readily soluble in acetic acid, and, aR^r being acidi- 
fied with hydrochloric acid, an orange-red precipitatX on adding 
hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If Ig. of the powdered salt be mixed with 3 ccm. of :?tannoii< 
chloride solution, no dark coloration should take place within 1 hour. 



STIBr-KALI. TARTAR. STRYCHNIN. NITRIC. 323 



An aqueous solution (1 : 100) of the salt, after being mixed with a 
small quantity of tartaric acid, should not be rendered turbid by a 
solution of barium nitrate, silver nitrate, or of ammonium oxalate, 
and should also produce no blue coloration with a solution of yellow 
prnssiate of potash. 

If 2g. each, of the salt, and of tartaric acid be dissolved in 100 
ecin. of water, and 2g. of sodium bicarbonate, and 1 or 2 drops of 
starch solution be added, then, in order to produce a blue coloration, 
12ccm. of decinormal iodine solution should be required. 

Keep with care. 



STIBIUM SULFURATUM AURANTICUM. 

Antimony Sulphide. 

^Vn orange-red, fine powder, having almost no odor. 

When Antimony Sulphide is heated in a glass tube, sulpliur sub- 
limes and a black substance is left belind. 

If 0.5 g. of it be repeatedly shaken with 5 ccm. of cold, saturated 
aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate, and set aside at a temper- 
ature of 50° — GO'^C. for 2 minutes, and be filtered, the resulting 
filtrate, after being supersaturated with hydrochloric acid, should yield 
no yellow, flocculent precipitate within (3 hours. 

If Ig. of it be shaken with 20 ccm. of water and filtered, the re- 
sulting filtrate should produce, with silver nitrate solution, no brown 
coloration, and yield therewith no more than a slight opalescence ; 
the same filtrate should not become immediately turbid with barium 
nitrate solution. 

Keep with care, protected from light. 

STRYCHNINUM NITRICUM. 

Strychnine Nitrate. 
aiH^^XA-HIS O3 = 397.35 
Colorless, acicular crystals, having a bitter taste; soluble in 90 



324 STRYCHNIN. NITRIC. ST^'RAX LIQUIDUS 

parte* of water, showing a ueutral reaction, also soluble in 3 parts of 
boiling water, 70 parts of alcohol, and in 5 parts of hot alcohol; al- 
most insoluble in ether, chloroform, and in carbon disulphide. 

An aqueous solution of Strychnine Nitrate produces, after adding 
ferrous sulphate solution, a blackish-brown coloration with sulphuric- 
acid, and deposits, on adding potassium bichromate solution, reddish- 
yellow cr}'stals which give, with sulphuric acid, a transient bluisli- 
violet coloration. 

Tlie salt should dissolve with almost no color in sulphuric acid. 

AVJien triturated with nitric acid, it should produce no red color- 
ation.. 

The aqueous solution of the salt, after being acidified with dilute 
nitric acid, produces, with barium nitrate solution, no more than a 
slight turbidity. 

On heating strongly, 0.01 g. of the salt should be consumed without 
leaxnus: anv solid residue. 



STYRAX UQUIDUS. 

Liquid Storax. 

A balsam obtained from the inner bark of Jjiqiiidambar wieniali-^ 
Mill., by boiling it with water and pressing. 

A gray sticky liquid, having an agreeable odor ; sinking wlien 
thrown into water, and leaving thereby a small quantity of colorle»>> 
oily drops, floating on the surface. 

If 1 part of Liquid Storax be mixed with 10 parts of alcohol, there 
results a grayish-brown, turbid liquid wliich, on filtering, gives a 
clear acid solution ; the latter, on being evaporated, leaves a brown, 
semi-fluid substance which is transparent in thin layers ; the residue 
thus obtained is more than 65 per cent., and is soluble in ether, 
carbon disulphide, and in benzene, but is almost completely insoluble 
in petroleum l)enzin. 

If it bo completely extracted with boiling alcohol, the insoluble 
portion, after drying, should be not more than 2.5 per cent. 



HTYR, LIQ. DEPUR. SULFOXALUM 325 

STYRAX LIQUIDUS DEPURATUS. 

Purified Liquid Storax. 

Warm liquid storax on a water-bath, and remove a most part of 
water ; dissolve the residue in equal parts of alcohol ; filter and 
evaporate the filtrate till a thick extract is obtained. 

A brown sticky substance, transparent in thin layers ; soluble 
clearly in equal parts of alcohol, but becoming turbid in a larger 
quantity ; also soluble in ether, carbon disulphide, and in benzene, 
leaving a small quantity of floccUlent substances. 



SUCCUS LIQUIRITI/E. 

Licorice Juice. 

An extract obtained by boiling licorice with water, expressing, and 
evaporating the decoction thus obtained. 

Lustrous, black masses, having a very sweet taste, and with a con- 
ehoidal fracture. 

At least 60 per cent, of Licorice Juice should be soluble in water. 

When examined under the microscope, no starch-grains should be 
visible. 

On incineration, it sliould leave not more than 8 i>er cent, of .solid 
residue. 

SULFONALUM. 

Sulphonal. 

C7HieOA= 228.28 

Colorless prisms, or a crystalline powder, inodorous and tasteless ; 
soluble in 500 parts of water, 15 parts of boiling water, 65 parts of 
alcohol, 2 parts of boiling alcohol, and also in 135 parts of ether, 
showing a neutral reaction. Melting point: 125° — 126° C. 



326 SULFOXALUM SULF. DEPURAT. 



When lieatcd with charcoal powder in a test-tube, Sulphonal eniit> 
the odor of mercaptan. 

If 1 part of it be diasolved in 50 parts of boiling water, no odor 
should be evolved, and the filtrate, obtained after cooling, should 
not be affected bv a solution either of barium nitrate or of silver 
nitrate. If 10 ccm. of the same aqueous solution be mixed with a 
drop of potassium permanganate solution, no immediate decoloration 
should take place. 

On heating strongly, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keep with care. 



SULFUR DEPURATUM. 

Purified Sulphur. 

S = 32.06 

Take 

Sublimed Sulphur • . . 100 pf<- 

after sifting, triturate it with a mixture of 

Distilled Water 70 p{<. 

Ammonia Water • 10 pf«. 

set aside, with frequent shakings, for a day ; to the resulting mixture, 
add 

Distilled Water ..... 100 p'^- 

filter ; wasli with a sufficient quantity of distilled water ; dry bv 
warming at a suitable temperature, and pass through a sieve. 

A fine, dry, yellow ix)wder, without odor or taste; melting when 
heated, and burning, when set on fire, with a blue flame, emitting at 
the same time the odor of sulphur dioxide. 

When boiled with sodium hydroxide solution, Purified Sulphur 
should dissolve completely in it, and when moistened with water, it 
should not redden a blue litmus paper. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 20 parts of ammonia water, and 
set aside, witii frequent shakings, at 35° — 40° C. and filtered, the 
resulting filtrate, on being acidified witli hydrochloric acid, should not 



HULF. DEPURAT. 8UI.F. SUHLTMAT. 327 

l)eeorue yellow, and the same also on the further addition of hydrogen 
sulphide solution. 

Oil Ignition, it should leave not more than 1 per cent, of solid 
residne. 



SULFUR PRytCIPITATUM. 

Precipitated Sulphur. 
S = 32.0() 

A very fine, yellowish- white, amorphous jKJwder, melting when 
heated, and burning, when set on fire, with a blue flame, emitting 
at the same time the odor of sulphur dioxide ; insoluble in water, 
and in alcohol, but readily soluble in carbon disulphide, and also 
soluble in boiling sodium hydroxide solution. 

"When moistened with water. Precipitated Sulphur should not red- 
den a blue litmus paper. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 20 parts of ammonia water, and 
set aside, with frequent shakings, at a temperature of 35° — 40° C. 
and filtered, the resulting filtrate, on being acidified with hydrochloric 
acid, should not become yellow, and the same also on the further 
addition of hydrogen sulphide solution. 

On heating strongly, Ig. of it should leave no w'eighable solid 
residue. 



SULFUR SUBLIMATUM. 

Sublimed Sulphur. 

A fine, lemon-yellow powder which melts on heating, and burns, 
when set on fire, with a blue flame, emitting at the same time the 
odor of sulphur dioxide. 

When boiled with sodium hydroxide solution. Sublimed Sulphur 
should completely dissolve in it. 

On ignition, it should leave not more than 1 per cent, of solid 
residue. 



328 SUPPOSITORIA SUP1X)SIT. OPII 



SUPPOSITORIA. 

Suppositories. 

Unless otherwise prescribed, iise cacao butter as a vehicle, and uiix 
medicinal substances mostly in their original form or together with a 
suitable liquid. 

Powerful, poisonous or solid medicines, unless clearly stated in the 
prescription, should not be put into hollow suppositories. 

The rectal suppositories should be conical, usually 3- 4 em. in 
length, and 1 — 1.5 cm. in diameter at the base. 

The shapes of suppositories should be cylindrical, spherical, oval, 
or conical, according to the general rules or as the prescription 
specifies. 

The rectal suppositories should generally weigh 2 — 3 g., and thr 
vaginal suppositories should weigh 4 — 6g. 

SUPPOSITORIA GLYCERINI. 

Suppositories of Glycerin. 

Take 

Sodium Carbonate 3 yL<. 

Glycerin 60 pis. 

Stearic Acid 6 pt-^- 

at first, dissolve sodium carbonate in glycerin ; to the resulting sohi- 
tion, add stearic acid and melt it by heating carefully; when car- 
bonic acid gas ceases to evolve, mould the product into 10 pieces. 
Each of these suppositories contains about 6 g. of glycerin. 
I'repare freshly when wanted. 

SUPPOSITORIA OPII. 

Suppositories of Opium. 

Take 

Opium 0.72 pt^' 

Cacao Butter a suitable quantity. 



SUPPOSIT. OPII TANNIC. ACETYI.. 329 



triturate the opium intimately witli a part of cacao butter; to the 
resulting mixture, add the remaining cacao butter after melting, and 
mould the product into 12 pieces. 

Kach of these snppasitories contains about 0.06 g. of opium. 



SUPPOSITORIA SCOPOLIyt. 

Suppositories of Scopolia, 

Take 

Extract of Soopolia 1.2 pts. 

Cacao Butter • a suitable quantity. 

and prepare according to the method described under the article of 
SupposUoi'ia Opiiy and mould the product into 12 pieces. 

Each of these snppasitories contains about 0.1 g* of extract of scopolia. 



TALCUM. 

I 

Talc. 

Finely crushed magnesium silicate in the form of a white powder, 
giving a fatty feeling when touched, and not changing even when 
strongly heated. 

Talc should contain no ingredients soluble in water, alcohol, ]iy- 
drocliloric acid, or in sodium hydroxide solution. 



TANNICUM ACETYLICUM. 

Acetyl Tannic Acid. 

A yellowish-white or whitish powder, almost inodorous and taste- 
less ; difficultly soluble in water, alcohol, or in ether, but readily 
soluble in sodium carbonate solution, and in sodium borate solution. 

Acetyl Tannic Acid, when boiled with ammonia water for o min- 



330 TANNIC. ACETYL. TELA DEPURATA 



utes and diluted with water, yields, on adding ferric chloride solution, 
a bluish-black precipitate. 

After warming with potassium hydroxide solution, it evolves, ou 
being supersaturated with dilute sulphuric acid, tlie vapor of acetic 
acid. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with 20 parts of water which is previous- 
ly acidified vritlx nitric acid, and filtered, the resulting filtrate should 
not be affected by a solution of silver nitrate, barium nitrate, or of 
hydrogen sulphide. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it should leave no weighable solid 
residue. 

Keel) ^*^ well-stoppered bottles. 



TELA ACIDI BORICI. 

Boric Acid Gauze. 

Take 

Boric Acid 12 pu. 

Glycerin S pt-^- 

dissolve them in 

Hot Distilled Water 116 pt^. 

in the resulting solution, soak 

Purified Qauze 120 pt<- 

press and dry. 



^^ TELA DEPURATA. 

Purified Gauze. 

A white, clean cloth woven with pure cotton thread. 

Purified Gauze is usually about 30 cm. broad, and 918s<j.cnu of it 
has a weight at least of 3 g., and each sq.cm. should have at least 
24 threads. 

Its quality and tests are the same as those described under the 
article of Gossfpiitm Depirratuiu. 



rEI.A HYDRAR. lilCIILOR. TELA SALICYL. 331 



TELA HYDRARGYRI BICHLORATI. 

Mercuric Chloride Gauze. 

Take 

Mercuric Chloride 2 pts. 

Potassinin Chloride 2 pu. 

dissolve them in 

Distilled Water 1300 i>A^. 

slightly color the resulting solution with ii red coal tar coloring 
matter ; in the colored sohition, soak 

Purified Gauze 1000 p(^. 

press and dry by a gentle heat. 

Keep well-closed, with care, protected from light. 

TELA lODOFORMIATA. 

Iodoform Gauze. 

Take 

Iodoform 55 i>^<. 

laquid Paraffin 3 pts. 

dissolve them in a mixture of 

Alcohol 200 pt^' 

Ether 800 pu. 

in the resulting solution, soak 

Purified Gauze 1000 pis. 

and when the latter Ix'comes uniformly yellow-col(»rcd, dry in a dark 

place. 

TELA SALICYLATA. 

8alicvlic Acid Gauze. 

Take 

Salicylic Acii ; . . . 58 i^^ . 

Glycerin 100 pts. 

dissolve them in a mixture of 



332 TELA SALIC YI.. TERPIN. HYDRAT. 



Alcohol 550 p*^ 

DiBtdlled Water 550 pi8. 

in the resulting solution, soak 

Purified Gauze 1000 />^ 

press and dry at ordinary temjKjratures. 



TEREBINTHINA. 

Turpentine. 

A balsam obtained from several species of Finns. 

A yellowish or pale brownish, thick liquid, having a characteristic 
odor and a bitter taste, and containing 70—85 per cent, of resin, and 
15 — 30 per cent, of turpentine oil. 

The crystalline precipitate usually contained in Turpentine disap- 
})ears, when lieated on a water-bath, and there results a yellowish- 
brown, clear liquid which becomes turbid again on cooling. 

If 1 part of it be mixed with 5 parts of alcohol, there results a 
clear solution wliich reddens a blue litmus paper moistened with 
water. 

TERPINUM HYDRATUM. 

Terpin Hydrate. 
C,oH^ A + H.O = 1 90. 22 

Colorless, glistening, rhombic crystals, having a faintly aromatic 
and somewhat bitter taste ; almost odorless ; soluble in about 250 
parts of water, :i2 parts of boiling water, 10 parts of alcohol, 100 
parts of ether, 200 parts of chloroform, and lastly in 1 part of boil- 
ing acetic acid. 

When heated, Terpin Hydrate sublimes in tine needles, melting at 
116° — 117° C, and losing water of crystallisation, and the anhydrous 
substance thus produced again melts at 102° — 105°C. 

When heated in the air, it burns with a luminous tiame. 

It dissolves with an orange-yellow color in pulphnric acid. 



TERPiy. HYDRAT. THEOBROM. N*AT-SALICri'I.. 333 



A hot aqueous solution of it, when mixed willi 2 or 3 drops of 
sulphuric acid, becomes turbid, and also evolves a strongly aromatic 
odor. 

It should have almost no turpentine-like odor, and its hot aqueou* 
solution should not change the color of litmus papers. 

On ignition, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weighable solid residue. 



THEOBROMINUM NATRIO-SALICYLICUM. 

Theobromine Sodium Salicylate. 

A white, odorless powder, having a sweet, saline, somewhat alka- 
line taste 'y soluble in equal parts of water, and showing an alkaline 
reaction. 

An aqueous solution (1 : 5) of Theobromine Sodium Salicylate i& 
colorless, and acquires, after being acidified with acetic acid, a violet 
color with ferric chloride solution. The same aqueous solution, on 
being mixed with hydrochloric acid, deposits salicylic acid, and also 
a white precipitate of theobromine after a short time ; the above 
precipitate is soluble in sodium hydroxide solution, but not complete- 
Iv soluble in ammonia water. 

If a clear solution prepared by dissolving Ig. of it in lOccm. of 
sodium hydroxide solution, be shaken with an equal volume of chloro- 
form, and the latter be separated, the residue, which is obtained by 
evaporating the chloroform solution, should weigh, after drying, not 
more than 0.005 g. 

It should dissolve with no or almost no coloration in sulphuric acid. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it sliould be consumed, leaving about 
0.06 g. of solid residue. 

If its aqueous solution (1: 10) be acidified with dilute nitric acid 
and filtered, the resulting clear filtrate should produce no more than 
a slight turbidity with a solution either of barium nitrate or of 
silver nitrate. 

Dissolve 2g. of it in lOccni. of water by heating gently in a 
porcelain dish ; to the resulting solution, add 5 ccm. or a necessary 
quantity of normal hydrochloric acid solution, till a blue litmus 
paper is just slightly reddened, then add a drop of dilute ammonia 



334 T1IE<)BR< )M. XAT.-SAT.ICYI.. THY.MOI.UM 

water (1 : 10), unci set aside the resulting, very slightly alkaline 
solution, thoroughly stirring at 15° — 20° C, for 3 hours. Collect the 
precipitate here produced on a filter-paper of about 8 cm. in diameter, 
which is previously dried at 100° C. and weighed; wash the pre<npi- 
tate twice, each time, with lOccni. of water, and finally dry it at 
100° (\ and weigh; then its weight should be at least 0.8 g. If 1 
part of the above precipitate be quickly evaporated on a water-bath 
with 100 parts of chlorine water, there should remain a yellowish-nHl 
residue which acquires, when mixed with a small quantity of ammo- 
nia water, a beautiful violet-red color. 
Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



THYMOLUM. 

Thymol. 
CjoH.p =150.14 

Colorless, transparent, large crystals, having the aromatic odor and 
taste ; almost insoluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol, ether, 
chloroform, and in 2 parts of sodium hydroxide solution. 

Thymol completely volatilises, when heated on a water-bath, and 
it sinks when thrown into water. On heating, it melts and becomes 
a colorless, oily liquid, and flo«its on the surface of water. Melting 
point: 50°— 51°C. Boiling point: 228°— 230° C. 

If 1 part of it be dissolved in 4 parts of sulphuric acid and slight- 
ly warmed, a blood-red coloration is produced. 

If a piece of its crystals be dissolved in 1 ccm. of glacial acetic 
acid, and 6 drops of sulphuric acid be added, the resulting solution 
acquires, when mixed with a drop of nitric acid, a deep blue color- 
ation. 

A saturated aqueous solution of it shows a neutral reaction, and 
should produce, on being mixed with bromine water, a milky turbidity. 
The same aqueous solution should not be colored by adding ferric 
chloride solution. 

When heated on a wa tor-bath, 0.1 g. of it should leave no weigh- 
able residue. 



TIXCri:R.K TIXCrURA ALOES 335 



TINCTURyt. 

Tinctures. 



Unless otherwise prei?cribed, introduce the medicinal substi\uces, 
medium cut or coarsely powdered, into a proper vessel ; pour the 
menstruum to be used for extraction, and after well closing tlie 
vessel, extract in the cold, with frequent shakings, for 7 days in a 
shady place ; strain and, if necessary, express ; set aside the strained 
liquid in a shady place, and after allowing the precipitate to settle, 
filter by using a funnel covere<l with a glass plate. Tinctures should 
1>e kept in a cool shady pla(*e. 



TINCTURA ACONITI NAPELLI. 

Tincture of Aconite. 

Prepare by taking 

Aconite Root, coarse potvtler . . « \ pu 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pis. 

A yellowish-brown liquid, having a faintly bitter taste, followed 
by a pungent and burning after-taste. 

Keei> with care. 

TINCTURA ALOES. 

Tincture of Aloes. 

Prepare by taking 

Aloes, in course powiler 1 pt. 

Alcohol 5 pU. 

and filtering it. 

A greenish-brown liquid, having a very bitter taste. 



336 TINC. AI.O. COMP. TINC. ABOMATICA 

TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITA. 

Compound Tincture of Aloes. 

Prepare by taking 

AloeS; in coarse powder ......... 6 pfs- 

Rhubarb, medium eiit 1 pt. 

Gentian Root, medium cttt 1 />/. 

Zedoary Root, metUum cut 1 p/. 

Saflton I pf. 

Dilute Alcohol 200 pis. 

A yellowish, reddisli-browu, aromatic liquid, having a very bitter 
taste. 

TINCTURA AMARA. 

Bitter Tincture. 

Prepare by taking 

Bitter Orange Peel, medium cut ....... 5 pts. 

Japanese Gentian Rcy^t, medium cut 5 pf^. 

Zedoary Root 2 p(*- 

Dilute Alcohol 100 pts. 

A yellowish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA AROMATICA. 

Aromatic Tincture. 

Take 

Cloves, in coarse powder 2 pu 

Cassia Bark, in coarse powder \0 pt-^ 

Cardamom, in coarse powtier 2 ;^^ 

Ginger, mediian cut 5 }^< 

Dilute Alcohol 100 i^^^^ 

extract in the cold for 7 days ; press ; filter ; to the filtrate, add 

Spirit of Lemon 5 pt^ 

A reddish-brown liquid. 



TIKC. AROMA. ACEDA TINC. AUBAN. OORTI. 337 



TINCTURA AROMATICA ACIDA. 

Acid Aromatic Tincture. Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. 

Pour 

Sulphuric Add 10 j9<8. 

gradually, under agitation, into 

Dilute Alcohol 90 p^ 

to tlie resulting mixture, add 

Cassia Bark, in coarse powder 5 pte. 

Qinger, in coarse powder 5 pte. 

A brownish-red liquid. 

Keep well-closed, in glass-stoppered bottles. 



TINCTURA ASyt FCETIDyt. 

Tincture of Asafetida. 

Prepare by taking 

Asafetida, in coarse powder 1 pi. 

Alcohol 5 pte- 

A yellowish, brownish-red liquid. 



TINCTURA AURANTII CORTICIS. 
Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel. 

Prepare by taking 

Bitter Orange Peel, medium cut ; 1 !>/. 

Dilute Alcohol bp^ 

A brownish liquid. 



338 TINC. BENZO£S TIXC. CANTHARID. 



TINCTURA BENZOES. 
Tincture of Benzoin. 

Prepare by taking 

Benzoin, in coarse powder 1 pL 

Alcohol 5 pu, 

A yellowish, reddish-brown liquid which, on adding water, be- 
comes milky and shows a strongly acid reaction. 



TINCTURA CANNABIS INDIOE. 
Tincture of Indian Hemp. 

Take 

Bztract of Indian Hemp IpL 

Alcohol 20 pu, 

dissolve extract of Indian hemp in alcohol, and filter. 

A dark greenish liquid, having a characteristic, somewhat bitter 

taste. 



TINCTURA CANTHARIDUM. 

Tincture of Cantbarides. 

Prepare by taking 

Cantharides, in coarse powder 1 joc 

Alcohol 10 |rfs. 

A yellowish-brown liquid which, when mixed witli an equal volnme 
of water, produces a milky turbidity. 
Keep with care. 



TINC. CAPSICT TINC. CHIN-E 339 



^r^»^^^^^ 



TINCTURA CAPSICI. 
Tincture of Capsicum, 

Prepare by taking 

Red Pepper, medium cut 1 pi. 

Alcohol 10 pt9. 

A reddish-yellow liquid, having a sharp, burning taste. 

TINCTURA CASCARILLyt 

Tincture of Cascarilla. 

Prepare by taking 

Sweet Wood Bark, Ui coarse powder 1 pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pts. 

A reddish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA CATECHU. 
Tincture of Catechu. 

Prepare by taking 

Catechu, in coarse poukier , * 1 pU 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pu, 

A dark brown liquid. 

TINCTURA CHIN/€. 
Tincture of Cinchona. 

Take 

Cinchona Bark, in coarse powder 1 pi. 

Dilate Alcohol 5 pa. 

extract in tlie cold for 10 days; press and filter. 

A reddish-brown liquid, having a strongly bitter taste. 



340 TINC. CHINJE TINC. CHINiE CX>MP. 

Evaporate 50 g. of Tincture of Cinchona in a porcelain dLsh pre- 
viously weighed, down to 10 g. ; transfer the residue to a gl&ss bottle 
with 6 com. of pure alcohol; add 70ccm. of ether and 14 com. of 
chloroform, and thoroughly shake the mixture, then add lOccm. of 
sodium carbonate solution (1 : 3) and set aside, with frequent shakings, 
for an hour. When a clear chloroform-ether solution separates, take 
60ccm. of it, and filter into a small flask, through a dry filter-paper 
placed iin a well-covered fimnel, and distill the filtrate till it becomes 
about one-half of its original bulk. Introduce the remaining chloro- 
form-ether solution into a separating-funnel ; wash the flask thrice, 
each time, with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether and 1 ccm. of 
chloroform, and add the washings to the solution in the separating- 
funnel. Thoroughly shake the mixed liquid with 30 ccm. of dednormal 
hydrochloric acid solution ; when the layer of chloroform-ether solu- 
tion separates, adding, if necessary, a suitable quantity of ether, 
take the lower, clear, acid layer, and filter it into a glass flask of 
100 ccm. in capacity, by means of a small filter-paper which is pre- 
viously moistened with water. Then shake the chloroform-ether solu- 
tion thrice, each time, with 10 ccm. of water, separating and filtering 
the aqueous part through the same filter-paper wJiich is finally wash- 
ed with water. Dilute all the filtrates and washings put together 
to 100 ccm. by adding water, t ake 50 c cm. of the diluted solution, 
pour in Iccm. of alcohol in which a small piece of haBmatoxyliu is 
dissolved, and add drop by drop, under agitation, decinormal potas- 
sium hydroxide solution, and shake the yellowish liquid ; then for the 
immediate production of a bluish-violet coloration, not more than 
12.5 ccm. of potassium hydroxide solution should be required. If 
5 ccm. of the remaining solution in the glass flask be mixed with 
1 ccm. of chlorine water, and ammonia water be added, a beautiful green 
' coloration should be produced. 

TINCTURA CHIN/E COMPOSITA. 

Compound Tincture of Cinchona. 

Prepare by taking 

\ Cinchona Bark, in coarse powded* 6 ptf- 

Bitter Orange Peel, viedimn ait 2ipis, 



TINC. CHINiB OOMP. TINC. CINNAMOMI 341 

Gentian Root^ medium cut 2 ptn, 

Cajssla Bark^ in coarse potvder 1 pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 60 pta, 

A reddish-brown liquid, having an aromatic odor and a very bitter 
taste 



TINCTURA CHLOROFORMII ET 
MORPHINI COMPOSITA. 

Compound Tincture of Chloroform and Morphine. 

Take 

Morphine Hydrochloride 10 pts. 

dissolve it in 

Dilute Hydrogen Cyanide 50 jp^ 

with the resulting solution, mix 

Chloroform U2 pta. 

Tincture of Indian Hemp 84 pts. 

Tincture of Capsicum 10.5 pts. 

Oil of Peppermint lA pta. 

Glycerin 311 pts. 

Alcohol 425 pts. 

A greenish, yellowish-brown liquid. 
Keep with care. 



TINCTURA CINNAMOMI. 

Tincture of Cinnamon, 

Prepare by taking 

Cassia Bark, in coarse potvder 1 pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pts. 

A reddish-brown liquid. 



342 TIXC. OOLCHICI TINC. CJOLOM. 



TINCTURA COLCHICI. 

Tincture of Colchicum. 

Take 

Colchicum Seedi in coarse powder 1 pt- 

and extract it, in the cold, for 10 days with 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pis, 

press and filter. 
A yellow liquid. 
If 20 drops of Tincture of Colchicum be mixed with 5 drops of 

/sulphuric acid, and a small piece of potassium nitrate be added and 
\ shaken, then a bluish-violet coloration, which disappears immediately, 
is produced. 

Keep with care. 



TINCTURA COLOCYNTHIDIS. 

Tincture of Colocynth. 

Take 

Colocynth Fruit, medium tntt I pi, 

deprived of its seed, and add 

Alcohol 10 pis. 

A yellow liquid, having a very bitter taste. 
Keep with care. 



TINCTURA COLOMBO. 

Tincture of Calumba, 

Prepare by taking 

Calumba Root, medium cut 1 pi. 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pts. 

A yellowish-brown liquid, having a bitter taste. 



TINC. CROCI TIXC. F£BSI iETHER. 343 



TINCTURA CROCI. 
Tincture of Saffron. 

Prepare by taking 

BBttron, medium, mtt 1 pt, 

Dilnte Alcohol 10 />«. 

A dark orange-yellow liquid. 

TINCTURA DIGITALIS. 

Tincture of Digitalis. 

• Prepare by taking 

Digitalis Leaves, medium^ ctU I pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pta, 

A brownish-green liquid, having a bitter taste, and the odor of 
digitalis leaves. 
Keep with care. 

TINCTURA FERRI >CTHEREA. 

Ethereal Tincture of Iron. 

Mix 

Ferric chloride Solution 1 p/. 

Ether 2 pts. 

Alcohol 7 pis. 

transfer the resulting solution to a well-stoppered, colorless glass 
bottle, expose it to sunshine, till the brownish-yellow color entirely dis- 
appears ; then keep the bottle in a shady place, removing the stopper,. 
£rom time to time, until the liquid acquires a bright yellow color. 
A bright yellow liquid. Specific gravity: 0.85—0.86. 
Ethereal Tincture of Iron contains 1 per cent, of pure iron. (Fe = 
56). 

If it be diluted with water, the resulting solution acquires a blue 
coloration with a solution either of yellow prussiate of potash, or of 



344 TINC. FER. JETHER. ^TINC. GELSEM. 

red prussiate of potash. The same solution acquires^ with aramonia 
water, a dirty green to brown coloration, and produces a white pre- 
cipitate with silver nitrate solution. 

If lOccm. of it be mixed with an equal volume of potassium 
acetate solution, and shaken, then, 3— 4ccm. of ethereal solution should 
be separated on standing. 

TINCTURA FERRI POMATI. 

Tincture of Iron Malate. 

Take 

\ Extract of Iron Malate 1 1^ 

' ^dissolve it in a mixture of 

Alcohol 2piM. 

Cinnamon Water 7 pi^ 

and filter. 

A dark brownish-black liquid. 

TINCTURA GALLARUM. 
Tincture of Japanese Galls. 

Prepare by taking 

Japanese Galls, in coarse powder IfL 

Dilute Alcohol 5 j^ 

A yellowish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA GELSEMIL 

Tincture of Gelsemium. 

Prepare by taking 

Gelsemimn Root, in coarse powder 15 pt*- 

Alcohol eSpu. 

DistiUed Water 38 piM. 

A brownish-yellow liquid, having a bitter taste. 
Keep with care. 



TINC. GENTI. OOMP. TINC. IPECA. 345 

TINCTURA GENTIANyC COMPOSITA. 

Compound Tincture of Gentian. 

Prepare by taking 

(Sentian Root, mediutn cut 100 p^s. 

Bitter Orange Peel^ mediutn ctU 37.5 7^«. 

Cardamom^ in coarse powder 12.5 pis- 

Alcohol 416 pfo. 

DiBtUled Water 500 ^/k. 

A reddish^ yellowish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA GENTIANyC SCABRyt. 

Tincture of Japanese Gentian (Eyutan). 

Prepare by taking 

Japanese Gentian Root| medium cut I pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pts, 

A yellowish, reddish-brown liqaid, having a very bitter taste. 

TINCTURA GUAIACI. 

Tincture of Guaiac. 

Prepare by taking 

Guaiac, in coartte powder \ pt. 

Alcohol 5 p<«. 

A dark reddish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA IPECACUANHyC, 
Tincture of Ipecacuanha. 

Prepare by taking 

Ipecacuanha Root, in coarse potvder 1 pt. 

Dilute Alcohol . . . . 10 pOu 

A reddish, brownish-yellow liquid. 



346 TINC. IPBCA. TINC. lODI 



Evaporate 50 g. of Tincture of Ipecacuanha in a porcelain dish 
previously weighed, down to 10 g. ; transfer tlie residue to a glass 
bottle with 6ccm. of pure alcohol-; add 70ccin. of ether and 14oem. 
of chloroform, and shake strongly ; on the mixture, pour 10 ocm. of 
sodium carbonate solution (1:3) and set aside, with frequent shakingS} 
for an hour. Take 60ccm. of the clear chloroform-ether solution, 
filter it through a dry filter-paper placed in a well-covered funnel, 
into a small glass fiask, and distill the filtrate, till it becomes about 
one-half of its original bulk. Introduce the remaining chloroform- 
ether solution into a separating funnel ; wash the smaU fiask thrice, 
each time, with 5ccm. of a mixture of 6 com. of ether and 1 ocm. of 
chloroform, and add the washings to the main solution in the sepa- 
rating-funnel. Thoroughly shake the mixed liquid with 40cem. of 
centinormal hydrochloric acid solution ; after the complete separation 
of chloroform-ether layer, adding, if necessary, a suitable quantity of 
ether, take the lower, clear, acid liquid ; filter it tlirough a small 
filter-paper previously moistened with water, into a colorless glass 
bottle of about 200 com. in capacity ; shake the chloroform-ether solu- 
tion thrice more, each time, \yith lOccm. of water, separating and 
filtering the aqueous part through the same filter-paper which is 
finally washed with water ; dilute all the filtrates and washings put 
together to 100 ccm. by adding water, and add ether to it, till the 
ethereal layer measures about 1 cm. thick. After adding 5 drops of 
iodeosin solution to the resulting solution, ][)our in centinormal potas- 
sium hydroxide solution under strong agitation ; then, for the ap- 
pearance of a light red color in the lower aqueous soIutioi;i, not more 
than 15 ccm. of potassium hydroxide solution should be required. 

Keep with care. 



TINCTURA lODI. 

Tincture of Iodine. 

Take 

Iodine , . ipt. 

dissolve it in 

Alcohol 12 j»'s. 



TISa lOM TIXC. LOBELIiE 347 

A dark reddish-brown liquid^ having the odor of iodine^ and com- 
pletely volatilising on application of lieat. Specific gravity : about 
0.89. 

A mixture of 2g. of Tincture of Iodine^ 0.5 g. of potassium iodide 
and 2dccm. of water, should require, for its complete decoloration, 
11 — 12ccra. of decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution/ 

Keep witli care, in glass-stoppered bottles. 



TINCTURA LAVANDULyC COMPOSITA. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender. 

Take 

Cassia Bark, in coame powder 20 pts. 

Mutmeg, in coarse powder ........ 10 pte. 

Cloves, in coarse powder 4 pfs- 

Red Sanders Wood, in coarse jMivder . • « 10 i>^ 

Alcohol 700 !>««. 

- Distilled Water . . . . • 300 pte. 

extract in the cold for 7 days ; express ; mix 

Oil of Lavender 8 f>^«. 

Oil of Rosemary 2 pt«. 

with the expressed liquid, and filter. 
A dark red, aromatic liquid. 



TINCTURA LOBELIyC. 
Tincture of Lobelia. 

Prepare by taking 

Indian Tobacco, medium ciU \ pi. 

Dilute Alcohol IQ pts. 

A brownish-green liquid. 
Keep with care. 



348 TINC. IkllRKHJE ^TINC. OPII BENZOICS 



TINCTURA MYRRHyC, 
Tincture of Myrrh. 

Prepare by taking 

Myrrh ^ p^ 

Alcohol 5 pts, 

A brownish, reddish-yellow liquid. 



TINCTURA OPII. 

Tincture of Opium. 

Prepare by taking 

Opinxn 1 pt> 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pf*. 

Distilled Water 5 pM. 

A reddish-brown liquid, having a bitter taste. Specific gravity : 
0.974-0.978. 

The soluble constituents of 1 part of opium are contained in 10 
parts of Tincture of Opium. 

If 100 g. of it be evaporated almost to dryness on a water-bath> 
and the residue treated according to the method described under the 
article of Opium, then 0.4— 0.44 g. of morphine should be obtained, 
and the tests for the morphine thus obtained should conform with 
those given under the same article. 
Keep with care. 



TINCTURA OPII BENZOIGA. 

Benzoated Tincture of Opium. 

Prepare by taking 

Opium Ipi^ 

Benzoic Acid ^ pu. 

Purified Camphor 2 pts. 



TINC, OPII BENZOICA TINa BHEI 349 

1 -— — 



Oil of Fennel Ipt. 

Dilute Alcohol 192 pts, 

A pale brownish-yellow liqaid. 

The soluble constituents of 1 part of Opium are contained in 200 
parts of Benzoated Tincture of Opium. 
Keep with care. 



TINCTURA QUASSIyC. 

Tincture of Quassia. 

Prepare, by taking 

Quassia Wood, medium cut I pu 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pts. 

A pale brownish-yellow liquid. 

TINCTURA RATANHIyC. 

Tincture of Ratanhia. 

Prepare by taking 

Ratanhia Root, medium cut 1 pt. 

Dilute Alcohol 5 pts. 

A dark reddish-brown liquid, having a strongly astringent taste,, 
and becoming bright red on dilution. 

TINCTURA RHEL 

Tincture of Rhubarb. 

Take 

Rhubarb, coarse cut 10 ptn. 

Cassia Bark, coftrse cut 1 pt. 

Cardamom, coarse cut 1 />/. 

Alcohol 50 pte. 

Distilled Water bO pu. 

and extract in the cold ; press and filter. 
A dear, brownish-yellow liquid. 



350 TINC. KHEI AQUOSA TINC. SOOPOLIiE 

r — • ■ ' 

TINCTURA RHEI AQUOSA. 

Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb. 

Take 

Rhubarb, coarse cut 10 pte. 

Potassium Carbonate 1 P<. 

Sodium Borate 1 p<- 

pour on them 

Boiling Distilled Water 90pe«. 

set aside for 15 minutes; add 

Aloohol 9pto. 

afler the lapse of an hour, sti^^in the solution by applying a slight 
pressure ; with every 85 parts of the strained liquid, mix 

Cinnamon Water • • • • • . 15 pis. 

A reddish-brown liquid, showing a strongly alkaline reaction, and 
having the odor and taste of rhubarb; miscible with water without 
producing any turbidity. 

Prepare freshly when required. 

TINCTURA SCILL/E. 
Tincture of Squill. 

Prepare by taking 

Squill, medium cut 1 pi. 

Dilute Alcohol 6 pu. 

A yellow liquid. 

TINCTURA SCOPOLIyt. 
Tincture of Scopolia. 

Prepare by taking 

Scopolia Root, 'medium cut 1 p<. 

Dilute Alcohol b pu, 

A yellowish-brown liquid. 



TINC. SOOPOIJJE TIXC. SERPENT. 36 1 



Evaporate 50 g. of Tincture of Soopolia in a porcelain dish pre- 
viously weighed, down to lOg. ; transfer the residue to a glass bottle 
with 6ccm. of pure alcohol; add 70ccm. of ether and 14 com. of 
chloroform, and shake strongly; on the mixture, pour lOccm. of 
sodium carbonate solution (1 : 3) and set aside, with frequent shak- 
ings^ for an hour. Take 60ccm. of the clear chloroform-ether solution, 
and filter it through a dry filter-paper placed in a well-covered 
funnel, into a small glass flask, and distill the filtrate till it becomes 
about one-half of its original bulk. Introduce the remaining chloro- 
fbrra-ether solution into a separating-funnel, wash the small flask 
thrice, each time, with 5 ccra. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether and 
Iccm. of chloroform, and add the washings to the mnin solution in 
the separating-funnel. Thoroughly shake the mixed liquid with 40 ccm. 
of centinormal hydrochloric acid solution ; after the complete sepa- 
ration of chloroform-ether layer, adding, if necessary, a suitable quanti- 
ty of etlier, take the lower, clear, acid liquid, and filter it through a 
small filter-paper previously moistened with water, into a colorless 
glass bottle of about 200 ccm. in capacity ; shake the chloroform-ether 
solution thrice more, each time, witli 10 ccm. of water, separating 
and filtering the aqueous part through the same filter-paper which is 
finally washed with water. Dilute all the filtrates and washings put 
together to 100 ccm. by adding water, and add ether to it, till the 
ethereal layer measures about 1 cm. thick ; aft^r adding 5 drops of 
iodeosin ^lution to the resulting solution, poar in centinormal potas- 
sium hydroxide solution under strong agitation; then, for the appear- 
anoe of a light red color in the lower aqueous solution, not more 
than 33 ccm. of the potassium hydroxide solution should be required. 
Keep with care. 



TINCTURA SERPENTARIyC. 

Tincture of Serpentaria. 

Prepare by taking 

Snake-Root, in cwirtse powder 100 ^ 

Dilate Alcohol 894 ¥^ 

A reddish-yellow liquid, having a bitter taste. 



352 TINC. STROPIIAN. ^TINC. STRYCHNI 

TINCTURA STROPHANTHI. 

Tincture of Strophanthus. 

Prepare by taking 

Strophanthns Seed| in fnediuni ^powder 1 pi- 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pfs. 

A clear, brownish-yellow liquid, having a bitter taste. 

If 10 drops of Tincture of Strophanthus be mixed with 10 drops 
of sulphuric acid, there results at first a yellowish-brown coloration 
whicli, however, changes to green after the lapse of half an hour. 

If 10 drops of it be introduced into a porcelain dish, and after 
mixing a drop of ferric chloride solution, 1 or 2 drops of sulphuric 
acid be added to the mixture, there results a reddish-violet coloration 
which immediately changes to green. 

Keep with care. 

TINCTURA STRYCHNL 

Tincture of Nux Vomica. 

Prepare by taking 

Nux Vomica, in coarse powder I pi. 

Dilute Alcohol 10 pi*. 

A yellow liquid, having a very bitter taste. 

If 5 drops of Tincture of Nux Vomica be mixed with 10 drops of 
sulphuric acid, and evaporated to dryness on a water-bath, there re- 
sults a violet-red coloration whicli disappears on pouring 2 or 3 drops 
of water, but reappears on drying. 

Evaporate 50 g. of it in a porcelain dish previously weighed, down 
to 10 g. ; transfer the residue to a glass bottle with 6 ccm. of pure 
alcohol ; add 70 ccm. of ether and 14 ccm. of chloroform, and shake 
strongly; on Ihe resulting solution, pour 10 ccm. of sodium carbonate 
solution (1: 3) and set aside, with frequent shakings, for an hour. 
Take 60 ccm. of the clear cliloroform-ether solution, and filter it 
through a dry filter-paper placed in a well-covered funnel, into a 
small glass flask, and distill the filtrate till it becomes about one-half 



TINC. STRYCHNI TINC. VALERIA. ^THER. 363 



of its original bulk. Introduce the remaining chloroform-ether solu- 
tion into a separating-funnel ; wash the small flask thrice^ each time^ 
with 5 ccm. of a mixture of 6 ccm. of ether and 1 ccm. of chloroform, 
and add the washings to the main solution in the separating-funnel. 
Thoroughly shake the mixed liquid with 40 ccm. of centinormal hy- 
drochloric acid solution ; after the complete separation of chloroform- 
ether solution, adding, if necessary, a suitable quantity of ether, take 
the lower, clear, acid liquid, and filter it through a small filter-paper 
previously moistened with water, into a colorless glass bottle of about 
200 ccm. in capacity ; shake the chloroform-ether solution thrice more, 
each time, with 10 ccm. of water, separating and filtering the aqueous 
part through the same filter-paper which is finally washed with water. 
Dilute all the filtrates and the washings put together to 100 ccm. 
by adding water ; pour ether on the diluted solution, till the ethereal 
layer measures about 1 cm. thick ; after adding 5 drops of iodeosin 
solution to the resulting mixture, pour in centinormal potassium hy- 
droxide solution under strong agitation ; then, for the appearance of 
a light red coloration in the lower aqueous solution, not more thau 
17 ccm. of the potassium hydroxide solution should be required. 
Keep with care. 

TINCTURA VALERIAN/E. 

Tinctura of Valeriau. 

Prepare by taking 

Valerian Root, medium cut 1 pt, 

Diltite Alcohol 10 pts, 

A yellowish-brown liquid. 

TINCTURA VALERIANyC >CTHEREA. 

Ethereal Tincture of Valerian. 

Prepare by taking 

Valerian Root, medium cnt \pL 

Spirit of Ether b pts. 

A yellow liquid, having a characteristic odor and taste. 



354 TINC. ZINGIBER. TUBERCLINUM 



TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. 

Tincture of Ginger. 

Prepare by taking 

Gingeri medium cut 1 pc 

Dilate Alconol 5 pis, 

A yellowish-brown liquid. 



TRAGACANTHA. 

Tragacanth. 

A solidified, slimy exudation from the stem of several species of 
Astrs^alus. It is found in form of laminse or in band-dtiaped or &lcate 
stripeS; white and transparent, about 1 — 3 mm. thick, at least 5 mm. 
broad and striped, swelling up when soaked in water. 

If 1 part of powdered Tragacanth be mixed with 50 parts of 
water, there results a turbid, insipid mucilage which, wlien warmed 
with sodium hydroxide solution on a water-bath, acquires a yellow 
coloration. If the above mucilage be diluted by adding water and 
filtered, the residue acquires a dark blue color with iodine water, 
whereas the filtrate thereby assumes no coloration. 



TUBERGULINUM. 

Tuberculin. 

A liquid obtained by filtering the glycerin-bouillon culture of 
tubercle bacillus, which has been concentrated by evaporating to one- 
tenth of its original bulk. 

Tuberclin should be kept sealed in glass bottles, furnished with a 
label bearing the name of the factory where it was prepared, the 
number of application, and the date when it was examined, and the 
bottles should be packed so as to be protected from light. 



TUBERCLINUM UNGUENT. ACIDI BORICI 355 

A clear, brown liquid, having a characteristic odor ; miscible easily 
with water, and containing, besides the active principles, about 40 per 
cent, of glycerin together with the constituents of bouillon. 

If 0.15— 0.25 g. of it be injected subcutaneously to a guinea-pig, about 
300. g. in weight, which has been inoculated 3 weeks ago, with such 
an amount of tubercle culture as causes death in 7 — 9 weeks, it 
shonld prove £ital within 24 hours. The guinea-pig which has died 
therefrom should, on dissection, show a change characteristic to tuber- 
culin, but no symptoms of other diseases. 

If 2 g. of it be injected subcutaneously to a healthy guinea-pig, it 
should not prove fatal to that animal. 

It should prove sterile when tested by an terobic, and an anaerobic 
culture, both in bouillon, and also in agar. 

It should be diluted, before using, with carbolic acid water (1 : 
200) or with sterilised water. 

Xeep with care, in a cool dark place, but not over a year. 



UNGUENTA. 

Ointments. 

In order to prepare ointments, melt, unless otherwise prescribed, 
the difficultly melting substance at first, then add to it the easily 
melting substances, and finally mix the medicinal substances intimately 
with the melted mass, which has partially cooled, until the whole 
forms a homogeneous mass. 

Ointments should not be stored in large quantities ; those which 
decompose easily, should be prepared freshly when required, and those 
which smell rancid, should not be used. 



UNGUENTUM ACIDI BORICI. 

Boric Acid Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 
Boric Acid, in fine jmivder 1 pt. 



356 TJNGUENT. ACIDI BOKICI ^UNGUENT. HEBRE 

together with 

Farafftn Ointment 9 pte. 

Boric Acid Ointment is white in color. 



UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDUM. 

Cantharides Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Oil of Cantharides . . . 3 pis. 

together with 

Yellow Wax 2 pfa- 

Cantharides Ointment is yellow in color. 



UNGUENTUM GLYCERINI. 

Glycerin Ointment. 

Take 

Starch 10 pts. 

Distilled Water 15 pts. 

Glycerin 90 pfo. 

shake up the starch with distilled water ; to the mixture, add glycer- 
in and heat it on a water-bath, thoroughly imitating until the whole 
becomes a homogeneous, transparent mass which, after cooling, attains 
the state of ointment. 



UNGUENTUM HEBR>C. 

Hebra's Ointment. 

Mix 

Lead Plaster 1 pt. 

OUveOil lp<- 

and melt them on a water-bath, then stir the mixture till it cools. 
Hebra's Ointment is almost white in color. 



UNGUENT. HYDRAB. ALB. ^UNGUENT. HYDBAB. FLAV. 357 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI ALBUM. 
Ammoniated Mercury Ointment 

Prepare by rubbing 

Ammoniated Mercury 1 pt. 

together with 

Vaselin . . 9 pu. 

Ammoniated Mercury Ointment is white in color. 
Prepare freshly when required. 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI CINEREUM. 

Mercury Ointment. 

Prepare by taking 

Mercury 30 pts> 

Hog's Lard 18 pts. 

Oz-Tallow 42pt». 

melt hog's lard together with ox-tallow by warming gently; after 
cooling, rub 3 parts of the melted mass with a small quantity, at a 
time^ of mercury until no globules it are recognised by the naked 
eye, whereupon add the rest of the melted mass and rub very inti- 
mately. 

Mercury Ointment is bluish-gray in color, and no globules of 
mercury should be visible by the naked eye. 

If 3 g. of it be treated with ether to remove the fat, about 1 g. of 
mercury should be obtained. 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI FLAVUM. 
Yellow Mercuric Oxide Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 
Yellow Mercuric Oxide 1 pt. 



358 UNGUENT. HYDKAR. FLAV. UNGUENT. EJLL.I. lOD. 



together with 

Vaselin 9 pt^ 

Yellow Mercuric Oxide Ointment is pale yellow in color. 
Prepare when required. 



UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI RUBRUM. 

Eed Mercuric Oxide Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Red Mercuric Oxide Ipi^ 

together with 

Vaselin 9 pis. 

Red Mercuric Oxide Ointment is red in color. 

Prepare when required. 



UNGUENTUM KALII lODATI. 

Potassium Iodide Ointment. 

Take 

Potassium Iodide 20 pu. 

Sodium Thiosolpbate 0.25 pi8. 

dissolve them by rubbing together in 

Distilled Water 15 po. 

to the resulting solution^ add 

Hog's Lard 165 pts. 

Potassium Iodide Ointment is white in color. 
If it be prescribed together with free iodine, it should be prepar- 
ed without adding sodium thiosulphate. 



UNGUENT. PARAFPINI ^UNGUENT. SOOPOLIiE 359 



UNGUENTUM PARAFFIN!. 

Paraffin Oinment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Solid Paraffin • I pt. 

together with 

liquid Paraffin 4 pts. 

Paraffin Ointment is white in color. Melting point: 40— 50°C. 



UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUID>€:. 

Wood Tar Ointment. 

Take 

Yellow Wax 4 pts. 

Wood Tar 10 pts. 

melt them together by warming gently, and stir the mixture till it 
cools. 

Wood Tar Ointment is dark brown in color. 



UNGUENTUM SCOPOLI/E. 

Scopolia Ointment. 

Pi'epare by rubbing 

Extract of Scopolia 1 pt. 

with a small quantity of distilled water, until the product acquires 

the consistence of a thin extract, which is again rubbed with 

Hog's Lard 9 p^- 

Prepare when required. 



360 UNGUENT. SIMPLEX UNGUENT. VESIC. PORT. 



UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX. 

Simple Ointment. 
Take 

Yellow Wax 1 P^ 

Sesame Oil 2 pfo. 

melt them on a water-bath, and stir till the mixture cools. 

UNGUENTUM STIBIATUM. 

Antimony Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Tartar Emetic, in fine powder 2 pis* 

together with 

Vaselin 8 p^. 

Antimony Ointment is white in color. 

Prepare when required. 

UNGUENTUM SULFURATUM. 

Sulphur Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Sublimed Sulphur, in fine powder IpL 

together with 

Hog's Lard 2 pto. 

Sulphur Ointment is yellow in color. 

UNGUENTUM VESICANS FORTIUS. 

Strong Blistering Ointment. 

Take 

Cantharides, in niediiun powder 40 fi». 

Olive Oil 90 pit 



UNGUENT. VESIC. FOBT, VASELINUM 361 

mix them together, and extract bjr warming on a water-bath for 12 
hours; to the mixture, add 

Yellow Wax 70 pu. 

Turpentine 30 pts, 

melt them together, and stir the resulting mixture till it cools. 



UNGUENTUM VESICANS MITIUS. 

Mild Blistering Ointment. 

Take 

Cantharides, in medium powder 5 pU. 

OUveOU 70i)te. 

mix them^ together, and extract by warming on a water-bath for 12 
hours ; to the mixture, add 

Yellow Wax 125 pu. 

which is previously melted, and stir the resulting mixture till it 
•cools. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI. 

Zinc Ointment. 

Prepare by rubbing 

Zinc Oxide 1 p<- 

4;ogether with 

Hog s Lard 9 i>fo. 

Zinc Ointment is white in color. 



VASELINUM. 

Vaselin. 

A white or pale yellowish, homogeneous, semi-transparent, ointment- 
like substance which, when observed under a magnifying glass, shows 



362 VASELINUM ^\'ERATRINir^r 

neither crystalline nor granular structure ; without odor or taste ; 
emitting, however, a faint odor of petroleum on warming ; completely 
insoluble in water, and almost insoluble in alcohol. Melting point : 
36^—42° C. 

A solution, obtained by shaking Vaselin with warm water, should 
not change the color of litmus papers. 

If 10 g. of it be warmed, under agitation, on a water-bath -with 
2.5 ccm. of a mixture of 5 parts of distilled water and 15 parts of 
sulphuric acid, no brown color should be produced within 1 5 minutes. 

If 4g. of it be extracted by warming for half an hour with 
20 ccm. of sodium hydroxide solution, and suflBciently cooled after 
adding an equal volume of water, and be filtered ; then the resulting 
filtrate, on being supersaturated with dilute sulphuric acid, should 
neither produce any precipitate, nor deposit any oily substance. 



VERATRINUM. 

Vera trine, 

A white, loose powder, or white, amorphous masses which, when 
inhaled in form of the dust, causes an intense irritation and sneezings 
on reaching the nasal mucous membrane ; soluble in 4 parts of alcohol, 
in 2 parts of chloroform, and also in ether ; readily soluble in dilute 
adds, but sparingly soluble in boiling water without melting, giving 
a slightly alkaline solution which has a pungent taste. 

When boiled with hydrochloric acid, Veratrine produces a solution 
which has a blood-red coloration. 

If 1 part of it be shaken with about 100 parts of sulphuric acid, 
a greenish-yellow fluorescence, followed by a blood-red coloration, is 
produced. 

An alcoholic solution of it should produce no precipitate witli 
platinum chloride solution. 

On heating strongly, 0.2 g. of it should be consumed without leav- 
ing any weighable solid residue. 

Keep with special care. 




VINA ^VTS'TJM CHINJE 363 



VINA. 

Wines. 

The preparation and preservation of wines should be conducted 
according to the methods described under the artick of Tincttirce, 



VINUM. 

Wine. 

A beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of the juice of 
grapes. 

Wines should be pure and good in quality. 

The adulterated, imitated, or sour wines should not be used. 

Those which are mixed, during manufacture or afler manu&cture, 
with one or more of the following substances, should not be used : — 

The soluble compounds of aluminium, barium, magnesium, bismuth, 
fluorine, or of strontium, glycerin, oxalic acid, impure alcohol con- 
taining fusel oil, impure starch sugar, coloring matters, artificial 
sweetening materials, or antiseptics. Those which are mixed with 
another wine containing one of tne above-mentioned substances, should 
also not be used. 

A quantity of sulphuric acid, corresponding to more than 0.2 g. of 
potassium sulphate, should not be contained in 100 ccm. of a wine. 

Sweetened wines such as sherry, madeira, marsala, malaga and 
port- wine should contain in 100 ccm., 11 — 16g. of alcohol and not 
more than 8 g. of the extract. 



VINUM CHIN>€:. 

Cinchona Wine. 

Dissolve 

White Gelatin 1 p^ 



364 VDOJM CBISJE ^VTNUM CONDUBANOO 

hy warming in 

DistiUed Water 10p<«. 

to the resulting eolation^ add 

Sherry 1000 pu. 

Cinchona Bark, in coarse powder ...... 40 pfo- 

extract in the cold for 8 days ; press ; in the expressed liqoid^ dissolve 

Sugar . . 100i>fo. 

Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel • 2 pii^ 

set aside in a cool place for 14 days, and filter. 

A reddish-brown liquid, having an agreeable bitter taste. 



VINUM COLCHICL 

Colchicum Wine, 

Take 

Colchicum Seed, in coarse powder Ipu 

Sherry 10 1)<8. 

extract in the cold, with occasional shakings, for 8 days; press and 
filter 

A clear, yellowish-brown liquid, having a bitter taste. It should 
give, on adding ferric chloride solution, a greenish-brown and not a 
dark green coloration. 

Keep with care. 



VINUM CONDURANGO. 
Condurango Wine. 

Take 

Condurango Bark, fit^e cut ipL 

Sherry 10 pi». 

extract in the cold, with repeated shakings, for 8 days ; press and 
filter. 

A brown liquid, emitting considerably, when warmed, the odor of 
condurango bark. 



VmUM FERRI VINUM OPII AROMATIC. 365 



VINUM FERRI. 

Iron Wine. 
Take 

Ammonium Iron Citrate 2 pts, 

dissolve it in 

White Wine 98 pts. 

and filter. 

A clear, yellowish-brown liquid. 

VINUM IPECACUANH>€:. 

Ipecacuanha Wine. 

Take 

Ipecacnanlia Root^ fine cut ipf. 

Sherry 10 pu. 

extract in the cold, with occasional shakings, for 8 days ; press and 
£lter. 

A clear, yellowish-brown liquid. 
Xeep with care. 

VINUM OPII AROMATICUM. 

Aromatic Opium Wine. 

Take 

SafEVon, tnediufn cut 1 pL 

Cassia Bark, in coarse powder . • • Ipu 

Cloves, in coarse powder . \ pt. 

Dilate Alcohol 7 pis- 

Sherry • . . • 85i>te. 

extract in the cold for 5 days ; press ; to the 

Expressed Liquid 10 pu 

add 

Opium 1 !><• 

extract again in the cold for 7 days; press and filter. 



366 VINUM OPII AROMATIC. ^VIXUM STIBIAT. 

A dark yellowish-brown, clear, aromatic liquid. 

The soluble constituents of 1 part of opium are contained in 10 
parts of Aromatic Opium Wine. 

If 100 g. of it be evaporated almost to dryness on a water-bath, 
and the residue assayed according to the method described under the 
article of Opium, it should yield 0.4— 0.44 g. of morphine, and the 
tests for the morphine thus obtained, should conform with those given 
under the same article. 



VINUM PEPSINL 
Pepsin Wine. 

Take 

Saccharated Pepsin 100 p(«. 

Glycerin • . • . 50 pu. 

Distilled Water 50 p^. 

triturate them till a thin paste is formed, add to it 

Hydrochlorio Acid 5 pu. 

White Wine 1800 pis. 

allow the mixture to stand, with frequent shakings, for 7 days and 

filter. 

A clear, yellowish or reddish liquid. 



VINUM STIBIATUM. 

Antimony Wine. 

Take 

Tartar Emetic 1 P^ 

disselve it in 

Sherry 250i><«. 

and allow the resulting solution to stand for 3 days in a slightly 
warm place, and filter. 

A clear, brownish-yellow liquid. 

Keep with care. 



ZINC. CHLORAT. ZINC. OXYDAT. 367 



ZINCUM CHLORATUM. 

Zinc Chloride. 
ZnCl2= 136.3 

A white, crystalline powder, or white, small sticks, deliquescent in 
the air ', soluble easily in alcohol, and in water ; showing an acid re- 
action. 

When heated, Zinc Chloride fuses and decomposes, emitting white 
fumes, and leaving a yellow residue which assumes a white color on 
cooling. 

An aqueous solution of it yields, with silver nitrate solution, a 
white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid. The same aqueous 
solution produces, with ammonia water, a white precipitate soluble 
in excess of the reagent. 

Its aqueous solution (1 : 2) should be clear or, if not, the turbidity 
should be only very slight. If 1 part of the same aqueous solution 
be mixed with 3 parts of alcohol, there results a flocculent precipitate 
which disappears again on adding a drop of hydrochloric acid. 

Its aqueous solution (1: 10), after being mixed with hydrochloric 
acid, should become neither turbid with barium nitrate solution, nor 
colored by hydrogen sulphide solution ; 1 g. of it dissolves clearly in 
a mixture of lOccm. of water and lOccm. of ammonia water, and 
the resulting solution should, with an excess of hydrogen sulphide 
solution, yield a pure white precipitate, the filtrate from which, 
when evaporated to dryness and heated strongly, leaves no weighable 
solid ressidue. 

Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 

ZINCUM OXYDATUM. Flores Zinci. 

Zinc Oxide. Mower of Zinc. 

ZnO=81.4 

A white or faintly yellowish, amorphous powder, odorless and taste- 
less ; insoluble in water. 



368 ZINC, OXYDAT. ZINC. SULFOCABBOLIC. 



When heated to a red-hot temperature, Zinc Oxide assnmes a 
yellow color, but recovers its original color on cooling. 

If 1 g. of it be mixed with 3 ccm. of stannous chloride solution, 
no dark coloration should be produced within an hour. 

If 2g. of it be shaken with 20 ccm. of water, and filtered, the 
filtrate should produce no more than a turbidity with a solution 
either of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate. 

After being moistened with water, it should completely dissolve 
without effervescence in 10 ccm. of acetic acid ; the acetic acid solu- 
tion tlius obtained should not be rendered turbid by dilute sulphuric 
acid ; the same solution, on being mixed with an excess of ammonia 
water, should remain clear and colorless, and the resulting solution, 
when saturated with hydrogen sulphide, should produce a white or 
almost white precipitate, and the filtrate therefrom, on being 
evaporated and heated strongly, should leave no solid residue. 



ZINCUM SULFOCARBOLICUM. 

Zinc Sulphocarbolate. 
ZnCeHeOsSa + SHgO = 555.78 

Colorless, transparent crystals, easily efflorescent in the air; soluble 
in 2.5 parts of water, and in 5 parts of alcohol, showing a weak 
acid reaction. 

An aqueous solution of Zinc Sulphocarbolate produces a violet 
coloration with ferric chloride solution, and a white precipitate with 
ammonium sulphide solution. 

Its aqueous solution (1: 10) should, on being mixed with dilute 
sulphuric acid, produce no turbidity ; and the same also on being 
mixed with ammonium oxalate solution, after an excess of ammonia 
water is added. The same solution should produce no more than an 
opalescence with barium nitrate solution; 10 ccm. of the same solu- 
tion, when mixed with ammonia water, should remain clear and 
colorless, and the resulting alkaline solution, when mixed with 2 or 
3 drops of hydrogen sulphide solution, should acquire neither brown 
nor blackish color ; if the same alkaline solution be supersaturated 



ZINC SXTLFOCASaCOJC ZESC STTLFUBIC. 369 

i^ith hydrogen sulphide solution^ there results a white precipitate^ and 
the filtrate therefrom^ on being evapcxrated to dryness, should leave 
no weighable residue. 

On heating strongly, 1 g. of it should leave about 0.146 g. of residue. 

When dried at 125° C, it should lose not more than about 26 per 
cent, of its weight. 

Keep with care, in well-stoppered bottles. 



ZINCUM SULFURICUM. 

Zinc Sulphate. 

ZnS04+7H,0=287.6 

Colorless crystals, slowly efflorescent in dry air; soluble in 0.6 part 
of water, showing an acid reaction; insoluble in alcohol. 

An aqueous solution (1: 10) of Zinc Sulphate should yield, with 
barium nitrate solution, a white precipitate insoluble in acids. The 
fiame solution yields, with sodium hydroxide solution, a precipitate 
which is soluble in an excess of the reagent, forming a clear, color- 
less solution which produces a white precipitate with hydrogen sul- 
phide solution. 

If 0.5 g. of it be dissolved in a mixture of 10 ccm. of water and 
5 ccm. of ammonia water, there results a clear solution which, with 
an excess of hydrogen sulpiride solution, produces a white precipitate. 

When mixed with sodium hydroxide solution, it should evolve no 
ammonia. 

If 2 ccm. of its aqueous solution (1: 10) be mixed with an equal 
volume of sulphuric acid, and after cooling, Iccm. of ferrous sulphate 
solution be cautiously added so as to form 2 layers of liquids, no 
brownish zone should be formed at their contact surface, even after 
standing for a long time. 

Its aqueous solution (1: 20) should not become turbid with silver 
nitrate solution. 

If 2g. of the salt be shaken with 10 ccm. of alcohol for 10 minutes 
and filtered, the resulting filtrate, after being diluted with 10 ccm. of 
water, should not change the color of a blue litmus paper. 

Keep with care. 



870 ZINC. VALEBIANICUM 



ZINCUM VALERIANICUM. 

Zinc Valerianate. 

Zn(C5H,0,),+ 2HjO =303.62 

Pearly, white scales, or a crystalline powder, having the smell of 
valerianic acid, and also a slightly sweet, astringent taste ; soluble in 
about 100 parts of water, and in 15 parts of pure alcohol, showing 
an acid reaction. 

An aqueous solution of the salt produces a white precipitate with 
ammonium sulphide solution. 

After being moistened with water, the salt deposits, on adding 
hydrochloric acid, oily drops having the smell of valerianic add. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be dissolved in a mixture of 0.5 ccm. of hy- 
drochloric acid and 4.5 com. of water, and the oily substance deposit- 
ed be filtered off, the resulting clear filtrate should produce no change 
with an equal volume of hydrogen sulphide solution. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be mixed with ammonia water, there should 
results a clear solution which, with ammonium sulphide solution, 
should yield a pure white precipitate, and the filtrate therefrom, when 
evaporated to dryness and strongly heated, should leave no weigliable 
residue. 

If 0.5 g. of the salt be mixed with 2 ccm. of water, and 4 drops 
of ferric chloride solution added, and the reddish-brown precipitate 
produced be filtered off, the resulting filtrate should not be of a red 
co^.or. 

A cold saturated solution of the salt should not be rendered turbid 
by a strong solution of copper acetate. 

If the solution, obtained by shaking 1 part of the salt with 20 
parts of water, be acidified with 2 or 3 drops of nitric acid, the re- 
sulting solution should produce no more than a slight turbidity with 
a solution either of barium nitrate or of silver nitrate. 

On heating strongly, Ig. of the salt, after being repeatedly moist- 
ened with nitric acid and dried at a gentle heat, should leave 0.26 - 
0.3 g. of solid residue. 

Keep with care. 



APPENDICES 



APPENDICES 



^.4 

I. Reagents 373 

II. Volumetric Solutions 381 

III. Table A :— List of the Common Official Medicines which 

should always be kept in every Dispensary 385 

IV. Table B :— List of the Official Medicines which belong to the 

Class of Poisonous Medicines, and should be kept with 
Special Care, separated from Others, in a Place which can 
be shut up 389 

V. Table C :— List of the Official Medicines which belong to the 
Class of strong or Energetic Medicines, and should be 
kept with Care, separated from Others 390 

VI. Table D: — List of Medicines showing their Doses for an Adult. 394- 

VII. Table E :— Names, Symbols and Atomic Weights of the more 

Important Elements 397 

VIII. A Comparative Table of the Official and the Ordinary Po- 
pular Names of Medicines 398 

IX. Index 403 



APPENDICES. 373: 



APPENDICES 



» n < 



I. 



'Eieagentifi.—Iieagents, 



Nate, All the reagents to be used sliould be as pure as possible. 

Acidam aoetioom. — Acetic add, — Use the official acetic acid. 

Acidum acetionm glaciale. — Olacial acetic add.-— Vae the official glacial 
acetic acid. 

Acidum hydroohlorioiim. — Hydrochloric acid. — Use the official hydro- 
chloric acid. 

Acidam hydroohloricum concentratum. — Concentrated hydrochloric add. 
— A clear fuming liquid, having a specific gravity of about 1.197. 

Acidum hydroohloricum dilutum. — Dilute hydrochloric a^d. — Use the 
official dilute hydrochloric acid. 

Acidum hydroohloricum fumans. — Fuming hydrochloric add.— A 
colorless fuming liquid, having a specific gravity of 1.19. 

Aoidum nitrioum. — Nitric add. — Use the official nitric acid. 

Acidum nitrioum crudum. — Crude nitric acid. — ^Use the official crude 
nitric acid. 

Aoidum nitricum dilutum. — Dilute nitric add. — Use the official dilute 
nitric acid. 

Aoidum nitrioum fumans. — Fuming nitric add. — Use the official fuming 
nitric acid. 

Acidum oxalioum. — Oxalic acid. — Use oxalic acid, recrystallised from 
its aqueous solution, and dried in the air; it completely volatilises, when 
heated on a platinum plate, without leaving any residue.. 



374 APPENDICES. 



Aoidam snlfaPlcilliL — Sulphuric acid. — Use the official sulphuric acicL 

JLddiim salfnriomii dilntam. — Dilute sulphuric acid. — Use the official 
dilute sulphuric acid 

Athep* — Ether. — ^Use the official ether. 

JBther abBOlatmu — Pure ether. — Use pure ether, having a specific gravity 
of 0.72. 

MthtT PetroleL — Petroleum ether. — Use petroleum ether, boiling at 40° 
—50^0. 

Aloohol abflollltiu. — Absdvie alcohol. — Use the official absolute alcohol. 

Aloohol Amylions. — Amyl alcohol. — A colorless, clear, volatile liquid, hav- 
ing a specific gravity of 0.814, and boiling at 129''— ISl"" C. 

Ammonium salfaratam. — Ammonium sulphide. — Saturate 3 parts of am- 
monia crater with hydrogen sulphide, and to the resulting solution, add 
2 parts of ammonia water. 

Amylum. — Starch. — Use the official starch. 

imylum e Solano taberoso paratum.~Starch prepared from potatoes. 

Anilinon. — Aniline. 

Aqoa Ammonifld. — Ammonia water. — Use the official ammonia water. 

Aqua BarytSB. — Baryta water. — Dissolve 1 part of crystallised barium 
hydroxide in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Aqua bpomata. — Bromine water. — A saturated aqueous solution of bromine. 

Aqua CalcariBd. — Lime water. — Use the official lime water. 

Aqua chlorata, — Chlorine water. — A saturated aqueous solution of chlorine. 

Aqua hydroBulfapata satnrata. — Hydrogen sulphide water. — ^A saturated 
aqueous solution of hydrogen sulphide. 

Aqua iodata. — Iodine water. — A saturated aqueous solution of iodine. 

Benzinum PetroleL — Petroleum benzene. — Use the official petroleum 
benzene. 

Benzolnm* — Bemene. — ^Use benzene, having a specific gravity of 0.88 — 
0.89. and boiling at 80^—82° C. 

Bismatom sabnitPioam. — Bistnuth subnitrate. — Use the official bismuth 
subnitrate. 

Bromnm. — Bromine. — Use the official bromine. 

Caloaria hydrata. — Slaked lime. — A fine powder freshly prepared by 
adding 1 part of water to 2 parts of quick lime. 

Caloaria mta e Marmore parata.— jBum< marble. — Quick lime prepared 
by calcining marble. 



APPENDICES. 375 



Carbonenm sulfaratam. — Carbon dUulphide, — ^Use carbon disulphide, 
having a specific gravity of 1.272, and boiling at 46^ C. 

Charta explopatoria OSBmlea. — Blue lUmus paper. — Filter paper im- 
pregnated in an aqueous solution of litmus, and dried. 

Charta exploratoria Intea.— Turmen'e paper. — A filter paper impregnated 
in a solution which is prepared by diluting 1 part of turmeric tincture, 
with 3 parts of alcohol and 4 parts of water, and dried. 

Charta exploratoria rubra. — Red litmus paper. — A filter-paper impreg- 
nated in a solution which is prepared by adding dilute sulphuric acid, 
drop by drop, to an aqueous solution of litmus, until 1 part of the solution, 
when diluted with about 100 parts of water, assumes a light red color, 
and dried. 

Charta Zinoi iodati onm Amjlo.—Zne'iodide'Starch paper. — A filter- 
paper impregnated in a solution of zinc iodide and starch, and dried. 

Chloroformiom. — Ohlarofarm. — ^Use the official chloroform. 

Chloroform absolutam. — Pure chloroform. — Use chloroform, having a 
specific gravity of 1.602. 

CoUodinm. — Collodion. — Use the official collodion. 

Coprom raspatom. — Copper filings. 

Fermm pnlTeratom. — Iron poivder. — Use the official iron powder. 

Glyoeriniun. — Olycerin. — Use the official glycerin. 

Hsematoxylinom. — Ecematoxylin. — Colorless, acicular crystals, sparingly 
soluble in water, but readily soluble in hot water, alcohol, and in ether. 
Its aqueous solution, when shaken with a mixture of sodium hydroxide 
and sodium carbonate solution, produces a bluish- violet color. 

Hydrogenium sulfaratum. — Hydrogen sulphide. — Hydrogen sulphide gaa 
washed and purified by passing through water. 

ledum. — Iodine. — Use the official iodine. 

Kali oaostioiim. — Potassium hydroxide. — Use the official potassium hydro- 
xide. 

Kallnm nitrionm. — Potassitim nitrate. — Use the official potassium nitrate. 

Lac CalcariSB. — Milk of lime. — A mixture of calcium hydroxide and 
water. 

liquor Kali oanstioi. — Potassium, hydroxide solution. — A solution obtained 
by dissolving 1 part of potassium hydroxide in about 5 parts of distilled 
water. Specific gravity : 1.139. 



376 APPENDICES. 



Liquor Kali oaostioi spiritaosus, — Alcoholic potatsium hydroxide solution. 
— ^A solution of 1 part of potassium hydroxide, freshly fused when required, 
in 9 parts of alcohol. 

laquop Natri oaostioi. — Sodium hydroxide solution. — A solution obtained 
by dissolving 1 part of sodium hydroxide in about 5 parts of distilled 
water. Specific gravity: 1.17. 

Liqnop Plombi subaoetioi. — Lead aubacetate sdviion. — Use the official 
lead subacetate solution. 

Magnesia hydrata. — Magnesium hydroxide. — Dissolve 1 part of magnesium 
sulphate in 5 parts of distilled water, and add 2 parts of sodium hydro- 
xide solution, well wash the precipitate thereby produced, and add distill- 
ed water to make the whole up to 4 parts. The resulting filtrate should 
produce no turbidity with barium nitrate solution. 

Manganmn hyperoxydatum. — Manganese dioxide. — It contains more than 
60 per cent, of manganese dioxide. 

Natrio-Kalium tartariouiiL — Potassium sodium tartrate. — Use the official 
potassium sodium tartrate. 
Natrium borionm. — Sodium borate. — Use the official sodium borate. 
Natrium chloratum. — Sodium chloride. — Use the official sodium chloride. 
Natrium metallionm. — Metallic sodium. — Keep in petroleum, and when 
required, dry between filter-papers and remove the impurities on the surface. 
Natrium nitrosnm. — Sodium nitrite. 

Natrium sulfurioum. — Sodium sulphate. — Use the official sodium sulphate. 
Natrum oaustioum. — Sodium hydroxide. — Use the official sodium hydro- 
xide. 
Pepsinum purum. — Pure pepsin. 

Seagens NesslerL — Nessler's solution. — Dissolve 5 g. of potassium iodide 
in 5ccm. of hot distilled water, and add a hot solution of 2.5 g. of 
mercuric chloride in 10 ccm. of distilled water. To the turbid, red solu- 
tion here obtained, add a solution of 16 g. of potassium hydroxide in 
40 ccm. of distilled water, and finally make the whole solution up to 
100 ccm. by adding water, set aside and allow the precipitate to subside, 
and decant the clear, supernatant solution when required* 
Saooharum. — Sugar. — Use the official sugar. 
Saooharom Laotis. — Milk sugar. — Use the official milk sugar. 
Solutio Aoidi oarbolioL — Carbolic acid solution. — Dissolve, when required, 
1 part of carbolic acid in 12 parts of distilled water. 



APPENDICES. 377 

Solutio Acidi rosolid. — Ro^olic add solution. — Dissolve 1 part of rosolic 
acid in 100 parts of dilute alcohol. 

Solutio Acidi snlfuroBi. — Sulphurous add solution^ — Acidify, Tvhen re- 
quired, freshly prepared solution of sodium sulphite (1 : 10) with dilute 
sulphuric acid. 

Solntio Aoidi tannioL — Tannic add solution. — Dissolve, when requiredi 
1 part of tannic acid in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio Aoidi tartarici. — Tartaric add solution. — Dissolve, when requiredi 
1 part of tartaric acid in 4 parts of distilled water. 

Solntio AlbuminifiL — Albumen solution. — ^When required, dissolve the whitQ 
of eggs in distilled water. 

Solntio Ammonii carbonici. — Ammonium carbonate solution. — Dissolve 
1 part of ammonium carbonate in a mixture of 3 parts of distilled water 
and 1 part of ammonia water. 

Solntio Ammonii olilorati. — Ammonium chloride solution. — Dissolve 1 
part of ammonium chloride in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Ek>lntio Ammonii molybdSBnioi. — Ammonium molybdate solution. — Dis* 
solve 7.5 g. of Ammonium molybdate in a mixture of 10 ccm. of ammonia 
water and 40 ccm. of distilled water, at a temperature not exceeding 50°C.; 
after cooling, filter and mix the filtrate, under stirring, with 50 ccm. of 
nitric acid. Specific gravity: 1.2. 

Solntio Ammonii oxalici. — Ammonium oxalate solution. — Dissolve 1 part 
of ammonium oxalate in 24 parts of distilled water. 

Ek>lntio Amyli. — Starch solution. — Boil, when required, starch with dis- 
tilled water, dilute the resulting solution and filter. 

Solntio Argenti nitric!. — Silver nitrate solution. — Kssolve 1 part of 
silver .nitrate in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solntio Baryi chlorati. — Barium chloride solution. — Dissolve 1 part of 
barium chloride in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solntio Baryi nltrioL — Barium nitraie solution. — Dissolve 1 part of 
barium nitrate in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solntio CaloariSB chlora,tse.-- Solution of chlorinated lime. — When re- 
quired, rub 1 part of chlorinated lime with 9 parts of distilled water, and 
filter. 

Solntio Calcii ohloraoi. — Calcium chloride solution. — Dissolve 1 part of 
calcium chloride in 9 parts of distilled water. 



878 APPENDICES. 

GMatio Caloii solfarioL — Calcium aulphaie solution, — A saturated aqae- 
OUB solution of calcium sulphate. 

Solatio Capri aoetioL — Copper acetate aoltUion. — ^When required, dis- 
solve 1 part of copper acetate in 1000 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio EoBini iodatL — lodeodn solution, — ^Dissolve 1 part of iodeosin in 
500 parts of alcohol. K 100 ccm. of water be introduced into a colorless 
glass bottle, and such a quantity of ether poured on it, until it forms a 
layer about 1 cm. in thickness, and 1 drop of centinormal hydrochloric acid 
solution and 5 drops of iodeosin solution be added and strongly shaken, then 
the lower, aqueous layer should remain unchanged, but when 2 drops of 
centinormal potassium hydroxide solution be added and strongly shaken, 
a pale red coloration should take place. 

Solutio Fehlingi. — Fehling^s solution, — Dissolve 35 g. of copper sulphate 
in 300 ccm. of distilled water, and mix the resulting solution, when re- 
quired, with a solution of 175 g. potassium sodium tartrate in 300 ccm. 
of distilled water, to which 400 g. of sodium hydroxide solution have pre- 
viously been added. 

Solutio Ferri Besqaichlorati. — Ferric chloride solution. — Dissolve 1 part 
of ferric chloride in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio Ferri solfurici. — Ferrous sitlphate solution, — Dissolve, when re- 
quired, 1 part of ferrous sulphate in a mixture of 1 part of distilled water 
and 1 part of dilute sulphuric acid. 

Solatio Ferri salfupici oxydati. — Ferric sulphate solution. — Use the 
official solution of ferric sulphate. 

Solatio Ferri i^alfarici oxydati ammoniati. — Ammonium ferric stdphale 
solution. — Dissolve, when required, 1 part of ammonium ferric sulphate in 
a mixtui'e of 8 parts of distilled water with 1 part of dilute sulphuric acid. 

Solatio OelatinSB. — Gelatin solution. — When required, dissolve white 
gelatin in distilled water. 

Solatio Hydrargyri bichlorati. — Mercuric chloride solution. — Dissolve 
1 part of mercuric chloride in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Hydrargyri bichlorati spiritaosa. — Alcoholic mercuric chloride 
solution. — Dissolve 30 g. of mercuric chloride in 500 ccm. of alcohol. 

Solatio lodi. — Iodine solution. — Use decinormal iodine solution. 

Solatio lodi spiritaosa. — Alcoholic iodine solution. — Dissolve 25 g. of 
iodine in 500 ccm. of alcohol. 



APPENDICES. 379 

Soliitio Kalii aoetloL — Potassium acetate solution. — Dissolve 1 part of 
potaflsium acetate in 2 parts of distilled water. Specific gravity: 1.176- 
1.180. 

Solnlio Kalii bichromioL — Potassium- htchrcmaie soltUiotu — Dissolve 1 
part of potassium bichromate in 19 parts of distilled water. 

SolatLo Kalii bisolfarid. — Hydrogen potassiwn sttlphate solution^ — Dis- 
solve 1 part, of hydrogen potassium sulphate in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii carbonioL — Potassium carbonate solution. — Dissolve 11 
parts of potassium carbonate in about 20 parts of distilled water. Specific 
gravity: 1.330-1.334. 

Solatio Kalii chromiid. — Potassium chromate solxdion. — Dissolve 1 part 
of potassium chromate in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii f errioyanati.— &>/u/ton of red prussiate of potash. — ^When 
required, dissolve 1 part of red prussiate of potash, which is previously 
washed with water, in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii ferPOOyanatL — Solution of yellmv prusdate of potash. — 
When required, dissolve 1 part of yellow prussiate of potash in 19 parts 
of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii iodatL — Potassium iodide solution, — Dissolve, when re- 
quired, 1 part of potassium iodide in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii pennanganioi. — Potassium permanganate solution. — Dis- 
solve 1 part of potassium permanganate in 1000 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Kalii solfooyanatL — Potassium sulphocyanate solution. — Dissolve 
1 part of potassium sulphocyanate in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio KaUi salforati. — Potassium sulphide solution. — Dissolve 1 part 
of potassium sulphide in 4 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio LaocSB masicflB. — Litmus solution. — Extract powdered litmus 
several times with hot water, filter, slightly acidify the filtrate with acetic 
acid, evaporate down on a water-bath, till it attains the consistence of a 
thick extract, and rub the residue by pouring alcohol on it; transfer it 
into a large glass bottle, freshly add a large quantity of alcohol, and after 
setting aside for several hours, filter, wash the precipitate on the filter- 
paper several times with alcohol, dry at a gentle heat, and filter the 
solution obtained by dissolving 1 part of it in 10 parts of water. To the 
filtrate add, drop by drop, a very dilute sulphuric acid obtained by adding 
1 drop of dilute sulphuric acid to 100 ccm. of water, until 1 part of the 



380 APPEXDICES. 



solution will assume a violet-blue color upon dilution with about 100 parts 
of water. Keep in bottles,- stoppered with cotton plugs. 

Solatio Magnesii snlfarioL — Magnesium sulphate solution. — Dissolve 1 
part of magnesium sulphate in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Natrii aoetioL — Sodium acetaie solution. — Dissolve 1 part of 
sodium acetate in 4 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio Natrii bioarbonioL — Sodium bicarbonate sduiion. — ^When re- 
quired, dissolve 1 part of powdered sodium bicarbonate by gently shaking 
in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio Natrii bisulfurosi. — Hydragen sodium sulphite solution, — It con- 
tains about 30 per cent, of hydrogen sodium sulphite. 

Solutio Natrii oarbonioL — Sodium carbonate solution. — Dissolve 1 part 
of sodium carbonate in 4 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Natrii phosphoricL — Sodium phosphaie solution. — Dissolve 1 
part of sodium phosphate in 19 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Natrii sabsolfarosi. — Sodium thiosulpIuUe solusion. — Use deci- 
normal solution of sodium thiosulphate. 

Solatio Natrii sulfarosi. — Sodium sulphite solution. — When required 
dissolve 1 part of sodium sulphite in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solutio Phenolphthaleini. — Phenolphthdlein solution. — A colorless solu- 
tion obtained by dissolving 1 part of phenolphthalein in 99 parts of dilute 
alcohol. 

Solatio Plambi aoetici. — Lead acetate solution. — Dissolve 1 part of lead 
acetate in 9 parts of distilled water. 

Solatio Stanni chlorati. — Stannous chloride solution. — ^A saturated solu- 
tion obtained by dissolving granulated tin in warm hydrochloric acid. 
Keep in bottles, with 2 or 3 pieces of granulated tin thrown into it. 

Solatio Zinci iodati oom Amylo. — Zinc-iodide-stardi solution. — Boil a 
mixture of 4 parts of starch, 20 parts of zinc chloride, and 100 parts of 
distilled water, until an almost clear liquid is formed, and mix the result- 
ing solution with a colorless filtrate obtained by filtering a mixture of 1 
part of zinc filing, 10 parts of water, and 2 parts of iodine, and finally make 
the whole solution up to 1000 parts by adding distilled water, and filter. 

Spiritas. — Alcohol. — Use the ofiicial alcohol. 

Spiritas dilatas. — Dilide alcohol. — Use the official dilute alcohoL 

Stannum raspatam. — Granulated tin. 



APPENDICES. 381 



Tinotora CnroumsB* — Turmeric tincture. — Digest 10 parts of coarsely 
powdered turmeric root with 75 parts of alcohol, under repeated shakings, 
at a suitable temperature for 24 hours, and filter. 

Zinonm raspatmn. — Oramilated Zinc. 

Zinoam parum. — Pure Zinc. — It should be free from arsenic. 



» >>< 



II. 

Solationes TolumetricaB normales,— Volumetric solutions. 



Solntio Kali Tolometrioa normalis. 

Normal potctasium hydroxide solution. 

A solution containing 56.16 g. of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 1 litre, 
10 ocm. of which should neutralise an aqueous solution of 0.6303 g. of oxalic 
acid (C2Ha04 + 2H20). 

1 coin, of Normal Potassium Hydroxide Solution 

is the equivalent of: 

Gramme 

Acetic acid, CgH^Oa 0.06004 

Camphoric acid, C10H16O4 0.10008 

Hydrogen chloride, HQ 0.03646 

Lactic acid, CsHgOs 0.09006 

Nitric acid, HNO3 0.06305 

Sulphuric acid, HaSO^ 0.04904 

Hydrogen potassium tartrate, KC^H^Oe . 0.18820 



882 APPENDICES. 



Bolatio Kali spiritaoBa Yolumetrloa BeminormaliB. 

Hcdf-normal Alcoholic Potasdvm Hydroxide solution, 

A colorless or faintly pale yellowish alcoholic solution containing 
28.08 g. of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 1 litre, lOccm. of which, when 
titrated before using, should neutralise 10 ccm. of half- normal hydrochloric 
acid solution. 

Bolatio Kali volametrioa deoinormalis. 

Deeinormal Poidstium Hydroxide SolvJtion. 

A solution containing 5,616 g. of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 1 litre, 
10 ccm. of which should neutralise 10 ccm. of deeinormal hydrochloric acid 
solution. 

Solution Kali volametrioa oentinormalis. 

Centinormcd Potamum Hydroxide SclvJbioru 

A solution containing 0.5616 g. of potassium hydroxide (KOEL) in 1 
litre, 10 ccm. of which should neutralise 10 ccm. of centinormal hydro- 
chloric acid solution. 

Aoidmn Hydroolilorioam Yolnmetrionm normale. 

Normal Hydrochloric Add SohUion, 

A solution containing 36.46 g. of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in 1 litre, 
10 ccm. of which should neutralise 10 ccm. of normal potassium hydroxide 
solution. 

1 ccm. of Normal Hydrochloric Acid Solution 

is the equivalent of: 

Oramine 

Ammonia, NHg' 0.01707 

Potassium hydroxide, KOH 0.05616 

Potassium carbonate, K2CO3 0.06915 



APPENDICES. 383 



Potassium tartrate, KaC4H40e 0.11317 

Lithium carbonate, LiCOg 0.03703 

Sodium potassium tartrate, KNaC4H40e + 4HaO . 0.14116 

Sodium carbonate, NaaOOs + lOHgO 0.14315 

Anhydrous sodium carbonate^ NasCXDg 0.05305 

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH 0.04006 

Addmn Hydroohlorioam Tolnmetricnin seminormale. 

HcUf'twrmcd Hydrochloric Add Solution. 

A solution containing 18.23 g. of hydrogen chloride (HOI) in 1 litre, 
10 com. of which should neutralise 10 ocm. of half-normal alcoholic potas- 
sium hydroxide solution. 

Addam Hydroohlorioam volametvioam deoinonnale. 

Dectnomud Sydrochloric Acid SolutUm. 

A solution containing 3.646 g. of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in 1 litre, 
10 ccm. of which should neutralise 10 ocm. of decinormal potassium hydrox- 
ide solution. 

Aoidmii Hydroohlorioam volometrioam oentinomiale. 

C^ntinormal Hydrochloric Add Solution. 

A solution containing 0.3646 g. of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in 1 litre, 
10 ocm. of which should neutralise 10 ocm. of centinormal potassium hy- 
droxide solution. 

Solotio Ammonii Solfooyanati volametrioa deoinormalis. 

Dednormal Ammcnium SidphocyancUe Solution. 

A solution containing 7.618 g. of ammonium sulphocyanate (NH^CSN) in 
1 litre, 10 com. of which should be required to produce a blood-red color- 
ation in 10 ocm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution, to which 0.8 com. of 
nitric acid and 0.5 com. of ammonium ferrous sulphate solution have pre* 
viously been added. 



384 APPENBIOEB. 



Solatio irgetati nitrloi Tolnmetrioa deoinopmaliB. 

Decinormal Silver Nitrate SolvJtUm. 

A solution containing 16.997 g. of silver nitrate (AgN03) in 1 litre. 



1 cczxi' of Decinormal Silver Nitrate Solution 

is the equivalent of: 

Gramine 

AUyl iso-sulphocyanate, C3H5CNS 0.0049575 

Ammonium bromide, NH^Br 0.0098040 

Hydrogen cyanide, HON 0.0054100 

Potassium bromide, KBr 0.0119110 

Potassium iodide, KI 0.0166000 

Sodium bromide, NaBr 0.0103010 

Sodium iodide, Nal 0.0149900 

Solutio Natrii ohlorati volnmetrioa deoinopmalis. 

Decinormal Sodium Chloride Solution, 

Absolution containing 5.85 g. of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 1 litre, 10 
com. of which should be required in order to produce a permanent reddish 
color in 10 ccm. of decinormal silver nitrate solution, to which 1 or 2 drops 
of potassium chromate solution have previously been added. 

1. ccm. of Decinormal Sodium Chloride Solution 

is the equivalent of: 

Gramme 
Silver nitrate, AgNOg 0.016997 

Solutio lodi Tolumetrica deoinormalis. 

Decinormal Iodine Solution. 

A solution containing 12.685 g. of iodine (I) in 1 litre, dissolved by the 
aid of 20 g. of potassium iodide, 10 ccm. of which should be decolorised by 
10 ccm. of decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution. 



APPENDICES. 388 

III 1 1 . ■■■ ■■■ ■ ■ ' ■ ■■ 



1 ocm. of Decinormal Iodine Solutioxi is 
the eqnivalent ci'* 

Gramme 

Arseoious oxide, AS2O3 • 0.00495 

Iron, Fe 0.00660 

Solutio Natrii subsnlfarosi Tolumetrioa dednonnale. 

Decinormal Sodium ThiomlphaJte Solution. 

A solution containing 24.832 g. of sodium thiosulpbate (NasSsOg +5H2O) 
in 1 litre, 10 ocm. of which should' be required for the decoloration of 
0.12685 g. of iodine dissolved by the aid of 0.2 g. of potassium iodide in 
10 ocm. of distilled water. 

1 com. of Decinormal Sodium Thiosulphate 
Solution is the equivalent of: 

Gramme 

Chlorine, CI ' 0.003545 

Iron, Fe . 0.005600 

Ferrous iodide, Felg 0.010323 

Iodine, I 0.012685 



>-»^ 



III. 

Table A. 

List of tlie common official medicines which shotUd 
always be kept in a dispensary. 



886 APPENDICES. 

Aoetanilidam. — Acetanilide. 

Addam aoetsalioyliciiiiL— ileee^^ talieylic aeid. 

anenioofliim. — Anmiom acid, 

boriciiin. — Baric add. 

oapboliomiL, — Carbolic acid. 

hydroohlorioam dUntum. — DUute hydrochloric add. 

salioyliomn. — Salicylic acid. 

Bnlfiudoiiiii dUatum. — Dilttie sulphuric add. 

tannionm. — Tannic add. 

tartarionm. — Tartaric add. 

idepB Lansd oam iqiuu — Hydrous wool JaL 

iEther pro naroosL — Narcotic ether. 

Aloe. — Aloes. 

Ammoniiun ohlopatom. — Ammonium chloride. 

Amylnm. — SLarch. 

Antidotnm ArsenioL — Antidote for arsenic 

Antipyrinam. — Antipyrine. 

Apomorphinnm hydroohlorioam. — Apamorphine hydrochloride. 

Aqua AmmoniSd. — Ammonia water. 

,9 oapbolisata. — Carbolic acid water. 

,1 destillata. — DisliUed water. 

„ Prani anneniaoaB. — Apricot uxUer. 

Argentam nitrioum fosnm. — Fused diver nitrate. 

Atropinam Bolfurioam. — Atropine sulphate. 

Balsamum peraTianam. — Peru bdUam. 

Bismatam sabnitrioam. — Bismuth subnitrate. 

Bismutnm sabBalioylioom. — Bismuth subsalicylate. 

Caloaria nsta.— Qutc£ lime. 

Caloinin solfiirioum wsbeu^Exsiccated ealdum sulphate. 

Camphora depurata. — Refined <xmphor. 

Chininam hydroohlorioam. — Quinine hydrochloride. 

Chloralum hydratam. — Chloral hydrate. 

Chlorof ormiam. — Chloroform. 

Cooainam hydroohlorioam. — Cocaine hydrochloride. 

Cortex ChinSB. — Cinchona bark. 

Capram salfaricom. — Copper sulphate. 



APPENDICES. 387 



Emplastrum adhaesiyum anglionm. — Court plasler. 
Extractnin Filids. — Extract of male fern. 
,9 Gentianse. — Extract of gentian. 

9, SoopoliSB. — Extract of seopolia. 

„ SeoaliB oomnti. — Eairact of ergot. 

Ferram rednotam. — Seduced iron. 
Folia Digitalis. — Digitalis leaves. 

99 SennSB. — Senna leaves. 
Formalinum. — Formaline. 
Olycerinmn.— Olyeerin. 
Omnmi arabioum. — Oum arabic. 
Bydrargyrum biohloratom. — Mercuric chloride, 
,9 ohloratum. — Mercurous chloride. 

lodoformium. — Iodoform. 
Ji^Xnm bitartarionin. — Potassium bitartrate. 

,9 bromatlim. — Potassium bromide. 

„ ohloricnm. — Potassium chlorate. 
„ iodatum. — Potassium iodide. 
Kreofiotum. — Creosote. 

Liquor Ferri sesquiohlorati.— ASb^uh'o^i of ferric chloride, 
liquor Kalii acetici. — Solution of potassium acetate. 
Liquor Kalii arsenicoBi. — Solution of potassium arsenite. 
Liquor Plumbi subacetici. — Solution of lead subacetate. 
Magnesia usta. — Burnt magnesia. 
Hagnesium sulfnricum. — Magnesium sulphate. 
Morphinum hydrochlorioum. — Morphine hydrochloride. 
Natrium bioarbonicum. — Sodium bicarbonate. 
Natrium chloratum. — Sodium chloride. 
99 salioylicum. — Sodiuin salicylate. 
,9 Bulfurioum. — Sodium 'sulphate. 
Oleum Cacao. — Cacao butter. 

99 Jeooris. — Cod liver oil. 

,9 OliYarum. — Olive oil. 

,9 Rioini. — Castor oil. 

„ Sesami. — Sesame oil. 
Opium. — Opium. 



388 APPENDICES. 



PoIviB DoYeri. — Dover's powder. 
Radix Ipeoaoiianh8B« — Ipeeaciumha rod, 

„ Rhei. — Rhvbarb. 
Resina JalapsB.— i^enn oj jalap. 
Baooharam LactiB. — MUk sugar. 
Sal Calorinmn faotitiam. — Artijudal salt of Karlsbad. 
Santoninnm. — Santonin. 
Seoale ooFnutum. 

Sirnpns Ferri iodatL — Syrup of ferrous iodide. 
SirupuB simplex. — Simple syrup. 
SpiritaB.— Spirit 

Suoons liquiritisd. — Licorice juice. 
Tinotura amara. — Bitter tincture. 

„ Aurantii oortiois. — Tindure of bitter orange peel. 

„ locU. — Tincture of iodine. 

„ IpeoaouanhSd. — Tincture of ipeeaeuanha. 

„ OplL — Tincture of opium. 

„ StrophanthL — Tincture of drophanthus. 

., StryohnL — Tincture of nux vomica. 

„ ValeriaiiaB. — Tincture of valerian. 

Unguentum Hydrargypi oinBrenm.— Mercury ointment. 
Unguentiim simplex. — Simple oirUm^nt. 

„ Zinoi. — Zinc ointment. 

Vaselinmn. — Vaselin. 
Zincum solforioam. — Zinc sulphate. 



» M < 



IV. 

Table B. 

liist of tlie official medicines which belong to tlie doss of 
poisonous medicines, and sliould be kept with special care, 
separated from others, in a place which can be shtU up. 



APPENDICES. 389 



Addam arsenicosum. — Arseniotts field. 

„ hydrocyanatum dilntnm.— DtVu/e hydrogen cyanide. 
ApomoFphimim hydroohlorionm. — Apomorphine hydrochloride. 
Arsennm lodatmn. — Araenums iodide. 
AtFopinmn Bulfnrioiim. — Atropine sulphate. 
Extraotiim Aconiti NapellL — Extract of aconite. 

„ PhysostiginatiB. — Extract of calabar bean. 

HomatFopinmn hydrobromioom. — Homairopine hydrobromide. 
Hydrapgyram bichloratom. — Mercuric chloride. 
Hydrapgyrom biiodatum. — Mercuric iodide. 

„ oxydatum flayuin. — Yellow oxide of mercury. 

„ „ rabrum. — Bed oxide of mercury. 

„ Salioyliomn. — Mercury salicylate. 

Liquor Aroeni et Hydrargyri iodati. — Solution of arsenioua and mer- 
Cfuric iodide. 

Liquor Kalu arsenicosi. — Solution of potassium arseniie. 
Horphinum hydrochloricum. — Morphine hydrochloride. 

„ Bulfuricum. — Morphine sulphate. 

Nitroglyoerinum. — Nitroglycerin. 
Oleum CrotoniB.— CVo/on oil. 

Pastilli Hydrargyri bichlorati.— Po^iYs of mercuric chloride. 
Pastilli Horphini hydrochlorioi.— Pc»^t& of morphine hydrochloride. 
Phosphorus. — Phosphorus. 

Physostigminum salicylicnm. — Physostigmine salicylate. 
Physostigmiuum sulfurionm. — Physostigmine sulphate. 
Pilocarpinum hydrochloricum. — Pilocarpine hydrochloride. 
Stryohninum nitricum. — Strychnine nitrate. 
y eratrinum. — Veratrine. 



» i n 



390 APPENDICES. 



V. 



Table. C. 



lAM of the official medicines which belong to the cUmss 
of strong or energetic medicines, and should be tcept urUJt 
care, separated from others. 



99 



99 
99 
99 



Acetanilidum. — AcetaniUde, 
Aoidum carbolicam. — Carbolic acid, 

„ oradum. — Crude carbolic acid, 
„ liquefaotmn. — Liquefied carbolic acid, 
„ chromiomn. — Chromic add, 
„ hydrochloriomn. — Hydrochloric acid. 
nitrioum. — Nitric acid, 

„ OFuduin. — Crude nitric add. 
„ famans. — Fuming nitric add. 
„ piorinicam. — Picric add. 
„ salforicam. — Sulphuric add, 
„ „ oradum. — Crude sulphuric add. 

„ triohloFaoeticam. — Trichloracetic add. 
Agarioinnm. — A garidne. 
Amylum nitroBam. — Amyl nitrite. 
Antipjnanm.—Antipyinne. 

„ salicylicum. — Antipyrine salicylate. 
Aqua Amygdalarum amaramm. — Bitter almond water. 

„ Pruni apmeniacflB.--4p^^^^ water. 
„ „ maorophyllse. — Bakuchi water. 
Argentum nitrioum. — Silver nitrate. 

,, „ cum Kalio nitrioo. — Silver nitrate miUgaied with 

potassium nitrate. 

Argentum nitrioum fusum. — Fused silver nitrate. 



APPENDICES. 391 



Bromnm. — Bromine. 

Caffeino-Natrium benzoioom. — Caffeine sodium betizoaie. 
Caffeino-Natrimn aalicylioum. — Caffeine sodium salieylate. 
Caff einum. — Caffeine. 

Camphora monobromata. — Monobromated camphor. 
Cantharidos. — Canlharides. 
Cerium oxalioom. — Cerium oxalate. 
Chloraliun hydratam. — Chloral hydrate. 
Chlorof ormium. — Chloroform. 
Cooainmn hydroohlorionm. — Cocaine hydrochlmude. 
Codeinnm phosphorioum. — Codeine phosphate. 
Collodinm episplastioum. — Caniharidal collodion. 
Copmni alnminatum. — Copper alum. 
„ snlfarioam. — Copper sulphate. 
Dimethyamidoantipyrinnm. — DimeUiylamidoantipyrine. 
Extractam Cannabis indioSB. — Extract of Indian hemp. 

„ Colooynthidis. — Eostract of coloeynth. 

„ HyoBOyami. — Extract of hyoscyamus. 

„ Opli, — Extract of opium. 

„ PhytolacoSB. — Extract of Phytolacca. 

„ SoopoliSB. — Extract of scopolia. 

„ BecaliB oomuti. — Extract of ergot. 

M StryohnL — Eairact of nux vomica. 

Folia BelladonnSB. — Belladona leaves. 
,9 Digitalis. — Digitalis leaves. 
„ Hyosoyami. — Henbane leaves. 
„ Stramonii. — Stramonium leaves. 
Formalinmn. — Formaiine. 
Fraotus Colooynthidis.^ Coloeynth fruit. 
Gossypiom Hydrargyri bichloratL — Corrosive sublimate cotton. 
OoBsypium iodofoFmiatum. — Iodoform cotton. 
Gnaiaoolum. — Quaiacol. 
Qntti. — Gamboge. 
Herba Cannabis indiose. — Indian hemp. 

„ Lobelise. — Indian tobbacco. 
Hydrargyrom ohloratmn. — Mercurous chloride. 



392 APPENDICES. 



Hydrargyram ohloratum Yapore paratum. — Mercurcms chloride prepar- 
ed by steam, 

Hydrargynim iodatam. — Mercur<ms iodide. 

99 olelnioum. — Mercury oleate. 

99 prSBOlpitatum album. — Ammoniated mercury, 

lodofOFmium. — Iodoform. 
lodum, — Iodine. 

Kaliam caastioiiin. — Potamum hydroxide. 
Kaliom ohlorioom. — Potassium chlorate. 
9, iodatam. — Potassium iodide. 

KreoBOtnm. — Creosote. 

Liquor OuttaperohSB. — Solution of gutta percha. 

Liquor Nitroglyoerini. — Solution of nitroglycerin. 

99 Plumbi Bubacetici. — Solution of lead subaeelate. 
Hethylsulfonalum. — Methyl stdphonal. 
Minium. — Minium. 

Morphinum diacetylicum hydrochlorioum. — Dlacetyl morphine hydro- 
chloride. 

Natrum cau8tioum.~/Sbcimm hydroxide. 

Oleum Sinapis SBthereum. — Volatile oil of mustard. 

Opium. — Opium. 

Paraldehydum. — Paraldehyde. 

Pastilli Antipyrini. — Pastils of aniipyrine. 

Pastilli Cocaini hydrochlorioL — Pastils of cocaine hydrochloride. 

Pastilli Hydrargyri chiorati. — Pastils of mereurous chloride. 

Pastilli Opii et IpecaouanhSB. — Pastils of opium and ipecacuanha. 

Phenaoetinum. — Phenacetin. 

PilulSB Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami. — Pills of colocynth and hyoscyamus. 

Plumbum aoeticum. — Lead acetate. 

Plumbum oxydatum. — Lead oxide. 

Pulvis DOYeri. — Dover's powder. 

Radix Aconiti Napelli. — Aconite root. 

99 GelsemiL — Oelsemium root. 

9, IpeoaouanhSB. — Ipecacuanha root. 

„ JalapsB. — Jalap. 

„ ScopoliSB. — Scopolia root. 



.> 



AFPENDIGB3. 393 



Resiiia Jalapse. — Sesin of jalap. 
Resina Podophilli. — Sesin of podophyllum. 
SantoninuiiL — Santonin, 
Seoale oomntain. — Ergot. 
Semen ColohioL — Colckicum eeed. 

„ PhysostigmatiB. — Calabar bean. 

,, Strophanthi. — Stropkanthua seed. 

„ Stryohiii. — Nux vomica. 
Seram antidiphtherioum. — Antidiphtlieric serum. 
Beram antttetanioam. — Aniiietanic serum. 
Sparteiniim Bulfurioom. — Sparteine sulphate. 
Stibio-Kalinm tvLttaxioma.^ Tartar emetic. 
Stibium sulfupatum aurantiaoum. — Antimony sulphide, 
Snlfonalum. — Sulphonal. 

Tela Hydrapgypi biohlorati* — Mercuric chloride gauze. 
Tela iodofonniata. — Iodoform gauze. 

Theobrominmn natrio-salioylionm. — Theobromine sodium salicylate. 
Tinotura Aooniti Napelli — Tincture of aconite root 
,, Cantharidmn. — Tincture of cantharides. 
9, Chloroformii et Horphini comfOHiiA.—Compotind tincture of 
chloroform and morphine. 

Tinotura Colchioi. — Tincture of colchicum. 

„ Colooynthidis. — Tiiicture of colocynth. 

„ Digitalis* — Tincture of digitalis. 

„ Gelsemii. — Tincture of gelsemium. 

,, IpeoaouanhaB. — Tincture of ipecacuanha. 

„ lodi. — Tincture of iodine, 

„ LobeliSB. — Tincture of lobelia. 

„ Opii. — Tincture of opium, 

,9 Opii benzoica. — Bemoded tincture of opium. 

9, SoopoliSB. — Tincture of scapolia, 

99 Btrophanthi* — Tincture of sirophanthus. 

99 StryohnL — Tincture of nux vomica. 
Tnberonlinnm. — Tuberculin. 
Yinom Colohioi. — Colchicum wine. 
Tinum l^ecB,caeiSihBd.^ Ipecacuanha wine. 



394 



APPENDICES. 



Tinain Opii apomaticmn. — Aromatic opium wine, 

Yinum Btibiatom. — Antimony wine. 

Zinoam ohloratum. — Zine chloride, 

Zinoum Bulfocapbolionin. — Zinc mlphocarboUde, 

Zinonm Bulfarionm. — Zinc sulphate. 

Zinoum Yalerianioom. — Zinc valerianate. 



» n < 



VI. 



Table D. 



List of medicines allowing flieir doses for an adtdU 



Physicians are not allowed to prescribe the following medicines in doses 
greater than those given in the following table, unless thej specially notify 
that by putting an exclamation mark ( I ) under the name of a medicine 
in the prescription. 



Names of inedicines. 



Acetanilidum , 

Acidum arsenicosum 

„ carbolicum 

„ hydrocyanatum dilutum 

Agaricinum 

Apomorphinum hydrochloricum 
Aqua amygdaralum amararum .. 

„ Pruni armeniacsB 

„ Pruni macrophyllaB 

Argeutum nitricura 



Maximum 

dose 
at a time. 



Gramme. 

0.5 

0.005 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.02 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

0.03 



Maximum 

dose 
for a day. 



Gramme. 

1.5 
0.015 
0.3 
0.3 

0.06 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

0.1 



APPENDicae. 



395 



Names of medicineB. 



Argentum nitricum fuaum 

Arsenum iodatum..... 

Atropinum sulfuricum 

Caffeino-Natrium benzoicum 

,, ff salicylicum 

Caffeinum 

Camphora monobromata 

Cantharides 

Cerium oxalicum 

Chloraluin hydratum 

Cocainum hydrochloricum 

Codeinum hydrochloricum 

Cuprum sulfuricum (the quantity to be taken 

at a time as an emelic) 

Dimethylamidoantipyrinum 

Eztractum Aconiti Napelli 

,f Cannabis indicse 

„ Colocynthidis • 

„ Hyoscyami 

„ Opii 

„ Physostigmatis 

ff Phytolaccsd 

,f Scopoliffi 

,y Secalis comuti 

„ Strychni 

Folia Digitalis 

„ Hyoscyami 

Guaiacolum ^ >.. 

Gutti 

Herba LobelisB 

Homatropinum hydrobromicum 

Hydrargyrum bichloratum 



Mazimam 

dose 
at a time. 



Qramme. 

0.03 

0.005 

0.001 

1.0 

1.0 

0.5 

0.3 

0.05 

0.3 

2.0 

0.05 

0.1 

1.0 

0.5 

0.015 

0.1 

0.05 

0.1 

0.15 

0.02 

0.5 

0.05 

0.2 

0.05 

0.2 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

0.1 

0.001 

0.02 



Maximum 

dose 
for a day. 



Grunme. 

0.1 

0.015 

0.003 

6.0 

6.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.15 

1.0 

6.0 

0.15 

0.3 



1.5 

0.05 

0.3 

0.15 

0.3 

0.5 

0.06 

1.50 

0.15 

0.6 

0.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

0.3 

0.003 

0.06 



396 



APPENDICES. 



Names of medicines. 



Hydrargyrum biiodatum 

„ iodatum 

„ oxydatuin flavum 

„ „ rubriim 

,y salicylicum 

lodoformium 

lodum 

Kreosotum , 

Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri iodati ... 

„ Kalii arseiiicosi < 

Methylsulfonalum , 

Morphinum diacetylicum hydrochloricuni 

Morphinum hydrochloricum , 

„ sulfuricum , 

Oleum Crotonis 

Opium 

Paraldehydum , 

Phenacetinum 

Phosphorus , 

Physostigminum salicylicum 

„ sulfuricum ^.., 

Pilocarpinum hydrochloricum 

Pilulse Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami 

Plumbum aceticum 

Radix Scopolise < 

Kesina JalapsB 

Resina podophylli 

Santoninum 

Secale cornutum 

Semen strychni 

StibiO'Kalium tartaricum 

Stibium sulftiratum aurantiacum 



Maximum 


Mazimuni 


dose 


dose 


at a time. 


for a daj. 


Gramme. 


Gnmme. 


0.02 


0.06 


0.02 


0.06 


0.02 


0.06 


0.02 


0.06 


0.02 


0.06 


0.2 

■ 


0.6 


0.02 


0.06 


0.5 


1.5 


0.5 


1.6 


0.5 


1.5 


2.0 


4.0 


0.01 


0.03 


0.03 


0.1 


0.03 


0.1 


0.05 


0.15 


0.15 


0.5 


5.0 


10.0 


1.0 


3.0 


0.001 


0.003 


0.001 


0.003 


0.001 


0.003 


0.02 


0.06 


0.5 


1.5 


0.1 


0.3 


0.1 


0.3 


1.0 


3.0 


0.1 


0.3 


0.1 


0.3 


1.0 


5.0 


0.1 


0.2 


0.2 


0.6 


0.2 


0.6 



APPE>'DICBS. 



397 



I^ames of medicines. 



Staychninum nitricum 

Sulfonalum 

Tinctura Cantharidum 

„ Colchicum 

„ Colocynthidls • 

„ Digitalis 

„ Gelsemii 

„ lodi 

„ Lobeliffi 

M Opii 

,, SoopolisB 

„ Strophnnthi 

,, Strychni 

Veratrinum 

Vinum Colchici 

„ Opii aromaticum 

Zincum sulfuricum (the quaiUity to be taken 
<U a time cts an emetic) 



Maximum 

dose 
at a time. 



Gnunme. 

0.005 

2.0 

0.5 

2,0 

1.0 

1.5 

0.5 

0.2 

1.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

1.0 

0.005 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 



Maximum 

dose 
for a day. 



OniiiiD]6. 

0.015 

4.0 

1.5 

6.0 

3.0 

6.0 

1.5 

0.6 

3.0 

5.0 

3.0 

1.5 

2.0 

0.015 

6.0 

5.0 



» M < t 



VII. 



Table E. 



Ifames, symbols and €Uomie tveights'of the fnwe itnpot 
tant elements. 



398 



APPENDICES. 



Names of elements. 



Symbols. 



Atomic 
weights. 



Aluminium, Aluminium 

Argentum, Silver 

Arsenicum, Arsenic 

Baryum, Barium 

Bismutum, Bismuth 

Borum, Boron 

Broraum, Bromine 

Calcium, Calcium 

Carboneum, Carbon 

Cerium, Cerium 

Chlorum, Chlorine 

Chromium, Chromium... 

Cuprum, Copper 

Ferrum, Iron 

Hydrargyrum, Mercury 
Hydrogenium, Hydrogen 

lodum. Iodine 

Kalium, Potassium 

Lithium, Lithium 

Magnesium, Magnesium 
Manganum, Manganese 

Natrium, Sodium 

Nitrogenium, Nitrogen... 
Oxygenium, Oxygen ... 
Phosphorus, Phosphorus , 

Plumbum, Lead 

Stannum, Tin 

Stibium, Antimony 

Sulfur, Sulphur 

Zincum, Zinc 



Al 


27.1 


Ag 


107.93 


As 


75.0 


Ba 


137.4 


Bi 


208.5 


B 


11.0 


Br 


79.96 


Ca . 


40.0 


C 


12.00 


Ce 


140.25 


CI 


35.45 


Cr 


52.1 


Cu 


63.6 


Fe 


56.0 


Hr 


200,3 


H 


1.01 


I 


126.85 


K 


39.15 


Li 


7.03 


Mg 


2436 


Mn 


55,0 


Na 


23.05 


N 


14.04 





16.0 


P 


31.0 


Pb 


306.9 


Sn 


118.6 


Sb 


120.0 


S 


32.06 


z 


65.4 



p*»< 



APPENDICES. 



399 



VIII. 

A comparative table of the official and the ordinary 
poptdar names of medicines* 



(a) 



acetsalicylicum. 

Aoetylsalicylic acid, 

Albuminum tannicum. 

Albamcn tannate. 



Aspirinum. 

ABpyrine. 

Tannedhinum. 

Tannalbine. 



Ammonium sulfoichthyolic- Ichthyolum, 
urn. 

Ammonium sulpho-ichthyolate, Ichfhyd, 



Antipyrinum salicylicum. 

Antipyrine salicylate. 

Ai^entum proteinatum. 

Proteine silver. 

Bismutum subgallicam. 

Bismuth sul^allate. 

Bismutam tribromphenylic- 
um. 

Bismuth tribromphenolate. 



iinom sethylcarbonicom. 

Quinine ethylcarbonate. 

Dimethylamidoantipyrinum. 

Dimethylamidoantipyrine. 



Salipyrinum, 

Salipyrine. 

Protargolum. 

ProtargoL 

JDertnatolum. 

Dermatol. 

Xeroformum. 

Xerqfoi'm. 

JEuchininum. 

Euquinine. 

Pyramidonum. 

Pyramidon. 



400 APPENDICES. 



Hezamethylentetraminum. Urotropinum. 

Hexamethy lenetetramine. Uroiropine . 

Lactylphenetidinum. lAictopheninuni. 

Lactylphenetidine. Ladophenine. 

Hethylsulfonalum. Tidonalum. 

Methylsalpbonal. Triondl. 



inum diacetylicum hy- Heroinum hydrocfUcric- 
drochloricum. um. 

Diacetylmorphine liydrochloride. Heroine hydrochloride. 

Phenyldihydrochinazolinum Orexinum tannicum. 
tannicum. 

Phenyldihydroquinazoline tannate. Orexine tannate. 

Phenylum salicylicum. Salolum. 

Phenyl salicylate. Said. 

Tannicum acetylicum. Tannigenum. 

Acetyl tannate. Tannigen. 

Theobrominum natrio-salicyl- Diuretinum. 

Tlieobromine sodium salicylate. Diuretin. 



Aspirinnm. Acidum OA^etsalicyUcuni* 

Aspyrine. Acetyhalicylic acid, 

Dermatolnm* Bismutum suhgaJHcutn. 

Dermatol. Bismvth subgaHate. 

Diuretinuin. Theobrominum natrio-sali' 

cylicufn. 

Diuretin. Theohrondne aodium aalicylcde. 



APPENDICES. 



401 



Enchinimim. 



Suquinine. 



Heroinum hydrochloricum. 

Heroine hydrochloridei 



Chininum cethylcarbaniC" 

Quinine ethylcarbonaie. 

Marphinum diacetylicum 
hydrochlor icum*. 

Diacetyhnorpliine hydrochloride. 



Ichthyoliim. 


Ammonium sulfoichthyol' 
icum. 


lehthyol. 


Ammonium sulpho^chthyolate. 


Lactophemnum. 

Liaetopheuine. 


Ldctylphenetidinum. 

Lactylplienetidine. 


Qrezinum tanmciim. 


Phenyldihydrochinazolin" 
um iannicum. 


Orexine tannate. 


Phenyldihydroquinazdine tannate. 


Frotargolum. 

Protargol. 


Argentum protetnum. 

Proteine silver. 


Pyramidonom. 


nimethylamidoanHpyrin - 
um>. 


Pyramidon. 


Dimethylamidoantipyrine. 


SalipyrinmiL 

Salipyrine, 


Antipyrinum saUcylicum. 

Antipyrine salicylate. 


Salolum. 

Sftlol. 


JPhenylum saUcylicum. 

Phenyl salicylate. 


Tannalbinum. 

Tannalbine. 


Albuminum tannicum. 

Albumen tannate. 


TannigenuiiL 

Tannigen. 


Tanninum acetylicufn. 

Acetyl tannate. 



402 



APPENDICES. 



Trionalum. 

Trional. 

Urotropinum. 

Urotropine. 

Xeroformuxn. 

Xerofbrm. 



MethylstdfoncUum. 

MethyUtdphowd, 

BeoGatnethylentetrarninunu 

Heaximethylenetetramine. 

Bismutum tribrompheny' 
Ucum. 

Biamtith tribromphendate. 



i 



IX. 



Abfiolate Alcohol, 29, 874 

Acetanilide, 1 

Acetanilidum, 1 

Acetic Acid, 8, 878 

Acetic Ether, 25 

Acetum Aromaticum, 2 

Acetam Fyrolignoeum Crudum, 2 

Acetum Scillse, 8 

Acetylsalicylic Acid, 5 

Acetyl Tannic Acid, 829 

Acid Aromatic Tincture, 887 

Acidum Aceticum, 8, 878 

Acidum Aceticum Dilutum, 4 

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale, 4, 878 

Acidum Acetsalicylicum, 5 

Acidum Arsenicosum, 6 

Acidum Benzoicum, 6 

Acidum Boricum, 7 

Acidum Camphoricum, 8 

Acidum Carbolicum, 8 

Acidum Carbolicum Crudum, 9 

Acidum Carbolicum Liquefactum, 9 

Acidum Chromicum, 10 

Acidum Citricum, 10 

Acidum Galiicum, 11 

Acidum Hydrochloricum, 11, 878 

Acidum Hydrochloricum Concentratum, 

378 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum, 12, 

378 



Acidum Hydrochloricum Fumaus, 878 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Volumetricum 

Centinormale, 888 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Volumetricum 

Decioormale, 888 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Volumetricum 

Normale, 882 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Volumetricum 

Seminormale, 888 
Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, 12 
Acidum Lacticum, 18 
Acidum Nitricum, 14, 878 
Acidum Nitricum Crudum, 14, 878 
Acidum Nitricum Dilutum, 15, 878 
Acidum Nitricum Fumana, 15, 878 
Acidum Oleinicum, 15 
Acidum Oxalicum, 873 
Acidum Phoephoricum, 16 
Acidum Phosphor icum Dilutum, 17 
Acidum Picrinicum, 17 
Acidum Pyrogallicum, 272 
Acidum Salicylicum, 18 
Acidum Stearinicum, 18 
Acidum Sulfuricum, 19, 874 
Acidum Sulfuricum Crudum, 20 
Acidum Sulfuricum Dilutum, 20, 874 
Acidum Tannicum, 20 
Acidum Tartaricum, 21 
Acidum Trichloraceticum, 22 
Aconite Boot, 278 
Adeps Benzoatus, 22 
AdepB LansB Anhydricus, 22 



404 



INDEX. 



Adeps Lanse cum Aqua, 23 

Adeps Suillos, 24 

^ther, 25, 874 

^ther Absolutus, 374 

^ther Aceticus, 25 

JEther Petarolei, 374 

^ther pro Narcoei, 26 

JSthylium Bromatum, 27 

Agaricine, 27 

Agaricinum, 27 

Albumen Solution, 377 

Albumen Tannate, 28 

Albumen Ovi Siccum, 28 

Albuminum Tannlcum, 28 

Alcohol, 314, 380 

Alcohol Absolutus, 29, 374 

Alcohol Amylicos, 374 

Alcoholic Iodine Solution, 378 

Alcoholic Mercuric Chloride Solution, 
378 

Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide Solu- 
tion, 376 

Almond Oil, 231 

Aloe, 30 

Aloes, 30 

Alum, 31 

Alumen, 31 

Alumen Exsiccatum, 32 

Aluminium Sulfuricum, 32 

Aluminium Sulphate, 32 

Ammoniacum, 33 

Ammonia Liniment, 191 

Ammoniated Mercury, 169 

Ammoniated Mercury Ointment, 857 

Ammonia Water, 42, 374 

Ammonium Benzoate, 33 

Ammonium Benzoicum, 33 

Ammonium Bromatum, 34 

Ammonium Bromide, 34 

Ammonium Carbonate, 35 

Ammonium Carbonate Solution, 377 



Ammonium Carbon icum, 35 
Ammonium Chloratum, 85 
Ammonium Chloride, 35 
Ammonium Chloride Solution, 877 
Ammonium Ferric Sulphate Solution, 

378 
Ammonium Molybdate Solution, 377 
Ammonium Oxalate Solution, 877 
Ammonium Sulfoichthyolate, 36 
Ammonium Sulfoichthyolicum, 36 
Ammonium Sulfuratum, 374 
Ammonium Sulphide, 874 
Amygdalae Amarse, 37 
Amygdalae Dulces, 37 
Amyl Alcohol, 374 

Amylium Nitrosum, 38 

Amyl Nitrite, 38 

Amylum, 38, 374 

Amylum e Solano Tuberoao Paratom, 

374 
Anethol, 39 
Anetholum, 39 

Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate, 223 
Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate, 229 
Anhydrous Wool Fat, 22 
Aniline, 874 
Anilinum, 874 
Anise Seed, 149 
Anise Water, 44 
Antidiphtheric Serum, 803 
Antidote for Arsenic, 40 
Antidotum Arsenic!, 40 
Antifebrine, 1 
Antifebrinum, 1 
Antimony Ointment, 860 
Antimony Sulphide, 328 
Antimony Wine, 866 
Antipyrine, 40 
Antipyrine Salicylate, 41 
Antipyrinum, 40 
Antipyrinum Salicylicum, 41 



INDEX. 



405 



Ad ti tetanic Serum, 804 

Apomorphine Hydrochloride, 41 

Apomorphinum Hydrocliloricum, 41 

Apricot Seed, 300 

Apricot Water, 48 

Aqua Axnmonise, 42, 374 

Aqua Amygdalarum Amararum, 43 

Aqua Anisi, 44 

Aqua Barytse, 374 

Aqua Bromata, 374 

Aqua CalcarisB, 44, 374 

Aqua Carbolisata, 45 

Aqua Carbolisata pro Desinfectione, 45 

Aqua Carvi, 45 

Aqua Chlorata, 374 

Aqua Chloroformii, 45 

Aqua CiDnamomi, 46 

Aqua Cresolica, 46 

Aqua Destillata, 46 

Aqua Florum Aurantii, 47 

Aqua Fceniculi, 47 

Aqua Formalinata, 47 

Aqua Goulardi, 202 

Aqua Hydrosulfurata Saturata, 374 

Aqua lodata, 374 

Aqua Menthse, 47 

Aqua Picid, 48 

Aqua Pruni Armeniacie, 48 

Aqua Pruni Macrophyllsd, 48 

Aqua BoBse, 49 

Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, 350 

Araroba Depurata, 85 

Argentum Nitricum, 49 

Argentum Nitricum cum Kalio Nitrico, 

50 
Argentum Nitricum Fusum, 50 
Argentum Proteinatum, 50 
Arnica Flowers, 136 
Aromatic Opium Wine, 365 
Aromatic Powder, 270 
Aromatic Spirit, 317 



Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 316 
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 837 
Aromatic Tincture, 386 
Aromatic Vinegar, 2 
Arsenous Iodide, 51 
Arsenum lodatum, 51 
Artificial Salt of Karlsbad, 293 
Asafetida, 51 
Asa FoDtida, 51 
Atropine Sulphate, 52 
Atropinum Sulfuricum, 52 



B 



Bakuchi Leaves, 145 

Bakuchi Water, 48 

Balm-mint Leaves, 144 

Balsam of Peru, 54 

Balsam of Tolu, 55 

Balsamum, 53 

Balsamum Peruvianum, 54 

Balsamum Tolutanum, 55 

Barium Chloride Solution, 377 

Barium Nitrate Solution, 377 

Baryta Water, 374 

Bear-berry Leaves, 147 

Belladonna Leaves, 140 

Benzene, 374 

Benzinum Petrolei, 55, 374 

Benzoated Tincture of Opium, 348 

Benzoe, 56 

Benzoic Acid, 6 

Benzoin, 56 

Benzoinated Lard, 22 

Benzolum, 374 

Birch Tar, 265 

Buchu Leaves, 141 

Bergamot Oil, 232 

Bismuth Subcarbonate, 56 

Bismuth Subgallate, 57 

Bismuth Subnitrate, 8, 374 



406 



INDEX. 



Bismath Subsalicylate, 59 

Bismuth Tribromphenolate, 60 

Biflmutum Subcarbonicura, 56 

Bismutum Subgallicum, 57 

Bismutum Subnitricum, 58, 874 

Bismutum Subsflicjlicum, 59 

Bismutum Tribromphenjlicum, 60 

Bitter Almond, 87 

Bitter Almond Water, 48 

Bitter Orange Peel, 91 

Black Alder Bark, 94 

Black Pepper, 151 

Blaud's Iron Carbonate Pills, 264 

Blessed Thistle, 161 

Blistering Collodion, 90 

Blistering Flies, 70 

Blue Litmus Paper, 875 

Bog-bean Leaves, 147 

Bolus Alba, 60 

Boric Acid, 7 

Boric Add Cotton, 154 

Boric Acid Gauze, 880 

Boric Acid Ointment, 855 

Borax, 61, 876 

Bromine, 61, 874 

Bromine Water, 874 

Bromum, 61, 374 

Bulbus Scillse, 62 

Burnt Oypsum, 69 

Burnt Magnesia, 203 

Burnt Marble, 874 

Butter of Cacao, 283 



Caffeine, 64 
Cafieinum, 64 

Cafieino-Natrium Benzoicnm, 62 
Cafieino-Natrium Salicylicum, 68 
Caffeine Sodium Benzoate, 62 
Caffeine Sodium Salicylate, 68 



Calabar Bean, 299 

Calcaria Chlorata, 65 

Calcaria Hydrata, 374 

Calcaria Sulfurati, 65 

Calcaria XJsta, 66 

Calcaria Usta e Marmore Parata, 374 

Calcium Carbon icum Prscipitatum, 67 

Calcium Chloride Solution, 377 

Calcium Hypophosphite, 67 

Calcium Hypophosphorosum, 67 

Calcium Phosphoricum PrsBcipitatam, 68 

Calcium Sulfuricum Ustum, 69 

Calcium Sulphate Solution, 878 

Calomel, 165 

Calomelas, 165 

Calumba Root, 275 

Camphora Depurata, 69 

Camphora Monobromata, 70 

Camphorated Oil, 284 

Camph(M-ic Acid, 8 

Cantharidal Collodion, 90 

Cantharides, 70 

Cantharides Ointment, 856 

Cantharides Plaster, 104 

Caoutchouc, 74 

CapsulcB CopaivfiB, 71 

Caraway, 150 

Caraway Water, 45 

Carbolic Acid, 8 

Carbolic Acid Cotton, 155 

Carbolic Acid Solution, 876 

Carbolic Acid Water, 45 

Carbolic Acid Water for Disinfection, 45 

Carbon Disulphide, 875 

Carboneum Sulfuratum, 875 

Carbo Ossium Pulveratus, 71 

Cardamom, 150 

Carrageen, 72 

Carvon, 72 

Carvonum, 72 

Caryophylli, 78 



INDEX. 



407 



Caaeara Sagrada, 73 


Cinchona Bark, 92 


CasBia Bark, 93 


Cinchona Wine, 863 


Castor Oil, 243 


Cinnamon Water, 46 


Catechu, 74 


Citrate of Iron and QuiniAe, 80 


Caustic Potash, 173 


Citric Acid, 10 


Caatschuc, 74 


Cloves, 73 


Centinormal Hydrochloric Acid Sola- 


Cocaine Hydrochloride, 86 


tioD, 383 


Cocainum Hydrochloricum, 86 


Centinormal Potassium Hydroxide Solu- 


Coca Leaves, 141 


tion, 382 


Coccionella, 87 


Cera Alba, 75 


Cochineal, 87 


Cera Flava, 76 


Codeine Phosphate, 87 


Cerium Oxalate, 76 


Codeinum Phosphoricum, 87 


Cerium Oxalicum, 76 


Cod Liver Oil, 289 


Cetaceum, 77 


Cognac, 88 


Chamomile Flowers, 137 


Colchicum Seed, 298 


Charta Exploratoria Cfierulea, 375 


Colchicum Wine, 364 


Charta Exploratoria Lutea, 375 


Colla Piscium, 88 


Charta Exploratoria Rubra, 375 


CoUemplastrum. 88 


Charta Rubefaciens, 78 


Collodion, 89, 375 


Charta Zinci lodati cum Amylo, 375 


Collodium, 89, 375 


Chininum JEthylcarbonicum, 78 


CoUodium Elaaticum, 90 


Chininum Bisulfuricum, 79 


Collodium Epispasticum, 90 


Chininum Ferro-citricum, 80 


Collodium lodoformiatum, 90 


Chininum Hydrochloricum, 81 


Colocynth Fruit, 150 


Chinmum Sulfuricum, 82 


Colophonium, 91 


Chininum Tannicum, 83 


Colophony, 91 


Chloral Hydrate, 84 


Coltsfoot Leaves, 143 


Chloralum Hydratum, 84 


Compound Infusion of Senna^ 171 


Chloride of Tiime, 65 


Compound Lead Plaster, 105 


Chlorinated Lime, 65 


Compound Licorice Powder, 271 


Chlorine Water, 374 


Compound Pills of Rhubarb, 265 


Chloroform, 84, 375 


Compound Powder of Rhubarb, 272 


Chloroform Absolutum, 375 


Compound Tincture of Aloes 336 


Chloroform] um, 84, 375 


Compound Tincture of Chloroform and 


Chloroform Liniment, 191 


Morphine, 341 


Chloroform Oil, 235 


Compound Tincture of Cinchona, 840 


Chloroform Water, 45 


Compound Tincture of Gentian, 345 


Chromic Acid, 10 


Compound Tincture of Lavender, 347 


Chrysarobin, 85 


Condurango Bark, 94 


Chrysarobinum, 85 


Condurango Wine, 364 



408 



INDEX. 



Concentrated Hydrochlaric Acid, 373 

Copaiva Balsam, 53 

Copaiva in Capsule, 71 

Copper Acetate Solution, 378 

Copper Alum, 99 

Copper Filings, 375 

Copper Sulphate, 100 

Coptis Root, 275 

Cortex Aurantii Fructus, 91 

Cortex Cascarillse, 91 

Cortex ChinsB, 92 

Cortex Cinnamomi, 93 

Cortex Citri Fructus, 93 

Cortex Condurango, 94 

Cortex Frangulse, 94 

Cortex Granati, 95 

Cortex Mezerei, 97 

Cortex QuillaicB, 97 

Cortex Bhamui Purshianse, 73 

Corrosive Sublimate Cotton, 156 

Court Plaster, 103 

Creoaote, 186 

Creosote Carbonate, 187 

Cresolum Crudum, 97 

Cresol Water, 46 

Creta Prseparata, 98 

Crocus, 98 

Croton Oil, 237 

Crude Carbolic Acid, 9 

Crude Cresol, 97 

Crude Ferrous Sulphate, 135 

Crude Nitric Acid, 14, 373 

Crude Potassium Carbonate, 178 

Crude Sodium Carbonate, 222 

Crude Sulphuric Acid, 20 

Crude Wood Vinegar, 2 

Cubebse, 99 

Cubebs, 99 

Cuprum Aluminatum, 99 

Cuprum Baspatum, 375 

Cuprum Sulfuricum, 100 



Dammar Resin, 287 

Dandelion, 285 

Decinormal Ammonium Sulphocjanate 
Solution, 383 

Decinormal Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 
383 

Decinormal Iodine Solution, 384 

Decinormal Potaasium Hydroxide Solu- 
tion, 382 

Decinormal Silver Nitrate Solution, 384 

Decinormal Sodium Chloride Solution, 
384 

Decinormal Sodium Thiosulphate Solu- 
tion, 385 

Decocta, 100 

Decoctions, 100 

Diacetyl Morphine Hydrochloride, 211 

Diastasa, 101 

Diastase, 101 

Dilute Acetic Acid, 4 

Dilute Alcohol, 319, 380 

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid, 12, 373 

Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid, 12 

Dilute Nitric Acid, 15, 373 

Dilute Phosphoric Acid, 17 

Dilute Solution of Lead Subacetate, 202 

Dilute Sulphuric Acid, 20, 374 

Dimethylamidoantipyrine, 101 

Dimethylamidoantipyrinum, 101 

Diphtheria Antitoxin, 303 

Distilled Water, 46 

Donovan's Solution, 193 

Dover's Powder, 270 

Dry White of the Egg, 28 



E 



Effervescent Magnesium Citrate, 206 
Effervescing Powder, 270 



INDEX. 



409 



£lsBOsacchara, 102 

Elastic Ck)llodiou, 90 

Elder Flowers, 189 

£lectuarium SennsB Compositum, 102 

Emplastra, 103 

Emplastrum Ad]isesiyum Anglicum, 108 

Emplastrum Cantharidum, 104 

Emplastram Hydrargyri, 104 

Emplostrum Lithargyri, 104 

Emplastrum Lithargyri Compositum,105 

Emplastrum Resinse, 105 

Emplastram Saponatum, 106 

Emplastram Scopoliae, 106 

Epsom Salt, 207 

Ergot, 298 

Eseriue Salicylate, 259 

EBerinum Salicylicum, 259 

Ether, 25, 374 

Ethereal Oil of Nutmeg, 242 

Ethereal Tincture of Iron, 343 

Ethereal Tincture of Valerian 853 

Ethyl Bromide 27 

Ethyl Quinine Carbonate, 78 

Eucalyptus Leaves, 142 

Exsiccated Alum, 32 

Exsiccated Antidiphtheric Serum, 804 

Exsiccated Antitetanic Seram, 805 

Exsiccated Calcium Sulphate, 69 

Extracta, 106 

Extracta Fluida, 107 

Extract of Aconite, 108 

Extract of Aloes, 109 

Extract of Blessed Thistle, 110 

Extract of Calabar Bean, 121 

Extract of Calumba, 113 

Extract of Cascarilla, 111 

Extract of Cinchona, 111 

Extract of Colocynth, 118 

Extract of Coptis Hoot, 114 

Extract of Cubeb, 115 

Extract of Ergot, 124 



Extract of Gentian, 116 
Extract of Hyoscyamus, 119 
Extract of Indian Hemp, 109 
Extract of Iron Malate 115 
Extract of Japanese Gentian {Hyutan), 

117 
Extract of Licorice, 120 
Extract of Male Fern, 116 
Extract of Nux Vomica, 124 
Extract of Opium, 120 
Extract of Phytolacca, 121 
Extract of Quassia, 122 
Extract of Ratanhia, 122 
Extract of Rhubarb, 128 
Extract of Scopolia, 128 
Extract of Taraxacum, 126 
Extracts, 106 
Extractum Aloes, 109 
Extractum Aconiti Napelli, 108 
Extractum Cannabis Iudic», 109 
Extractum Cardui Benedicti, 110 
Extractum Cascarsa SagradsB Fluidum, 

110 
Extractum Cascarillse, 111 
Extractum Chinee, 111 
Extractum Chinsa Fluidum, 112 
Extractum Colocynthidis, 113 
Extractum Colombo, 113 
Extractum Condurango Fluidum, 114 
Extractum Coptidis, 114 
Extractum Cubebarum 115 
Extractum Ferri Pomati, 115 
Extractum Filicis, 116 
Extractum Gentianse, 110 
Extractum Gentianse Scabrse, 117 
Extractum Hamamelidis Fluidum, 117 
Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum, 118 
Extractum Hyoscyami, 119 
Extractum Liquiritise, 120 * 

Extractum Opii, 120 
Extractum Physostigmatis, 121 



410 



INDEX. 



Eztractum 
Extractum 
Eztractum 
Extractum 
Extractum 
Extractum 
Ebctractum 

124 
Extractum 
Extractum 



Phytolaccae, 121 

Quassiae, 122 

Ratauhise, 122 

Khei, 123 

Scopoliae, 123 

Secalis Oornutl, 124 

Secalis Cornutum Fluidum, 

Strychni, 124 
Taraxaci, 126 

P 



Faba Calabarica, 299 

Faba Tonco, 303 

Fehling's Solution, 878 

Fel Tauri Imipissatum, 126 

Fennel, 151 

Fennel Water, 47 

Ferric Chloride, 134 

Ferric Chloride Solution, 378 

Ferric Sulphate Solution, 378 

Ferrous Sulphate, 185 

Ferrous Sulphate Solution, 378 

Ferrum Carbonicum Saccharatum, 126 

Ferrum Citricum Ammoniatum, 128 

Ferrum Citricum Oxydatum, 129 

Ferrum lodatum Saccbaratum, 130 

Ferrum Lacticum, 131 

Ferrum Pulveratum, 132, 375 

Ferrum Beductum, 133 

Ferrum Sesquichloratum, 134 

Ferrum Subcarbonicum, 134 

Ferrum Sulfuricum, 135 

Ferrum Sulfuricum Crudum, 135 

Flores Arnicse, 136 

Flores ChamomillsB, 136 

Flores Chamomillse Romanse, 137 

Flores Cinse, 137 

Flores Koso, 137 

Flores Lavandulse, 138 



Flores Malvae, 138 

Flores Boese, 139 

Flores Sambuci, 139 

Flores Tili^, 139 

Flores Verbasci, 140 

Flores Zinci, 367 

Flower of Zinc, 367 

Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada, 110 

Fluid Extract of Cinchona, 112 

Fluid Extract of Condurango, 114 

Fluid Extract of Ergot, 124 

Fluid Extract of Hamamelis, 117 

Fluid Extract of Hydrastis, 118 

Fluid Extracto, 107 

Foeniculated Spirit of Ammonia, 317 

Folia AlthsesB, 140 

Folia Belladonnse, 140 

Folia Bucco, 141 

Folia Coca, 141 

Folia Digitalis, 142 

Folia Eucalypti, 142 

Folia Farfarse, 143 

Folia Hamamelidis, 143 

Folia Hyoscyami, 143 

Folia Jaborandi, 144 

Folia MelisssB, 144 

Folia Menthfie, 145 

Folia Pruni Macrophyllse, 145 

Folia Salvise, 145 

Folia Sennse, 146 

Folia Stramonii, 146 

Folia Trifolii Fibrini, 147 

Folia Uvae Ursi, 147 

Formaldehyde Solution, 148 

Formaldehydum Solutum, 148 

Formaline, 148 

Formaline Water, 47 

Formalinum, 148 

Fowler's Solution, 200 

Foxglove Leaves, 142 

Fructus Anlsi, 149 



INDEX. 



411 



Fructiis Anrantii Immaturiy 149 


Guaiacol Carbonate, 158 


FructUB Capsici, 149 


Quaiacolum, 157 


Fructtu Cardiunomi, 150 


Guaiacolum Carbouicum, 158 


Fructns Carvi, 150 


Guaiacum Resin, 287 


FructUB Colocynthidis, 150 


Gum Arabic, 158 


Fractiu Foeaiculi, 161 


Gummi Arabicum, 158 


FructuB Juniperi, 151 


Gum Powder, 271 


Fructus Piperis Nigri, 151 


Gutta Percba, 159 


Fructus Vanillse, 152 


Gutta Percha Depurata, 159 


Faming Hydrochloric Acid, 378 


Gutti, 160 


Fuming Nitric Acid, 15, 373 


Gypsum Ustum, 69 


Fused Silver Nitrate, 50 




G 


H 


Half-normal Alcoholic Potassium Hy< 


Cramboge, 160 


droxide Solution, 3S2 


Galbanum, 152 


Half-normal Hydrochloric Acid Solu- 


Gallae, 152 


tion, 383 


Gallic Acid, 11 


HsBmatoxylin, 375 


Garden Sage Leaves, 145 


Hsematoxylinum, 375 


Gelatina Alba, 153 


Hamamelis Leaves, 143 


Gelatin Solution, 378 


Hard Plaster, 88 


Gelsemium Boot, 276 


Heavy Burnt lilagnesia, 204 


Gentian Root, 277 


Heavy Magnesium Carbonate, 205 


German Chamomile, 136 


Hebra's Ointment, 356 


Ginger, 286 


Henbane Leaves, 143 


Glacial Acetic Acid, 4, 373 


Herba Absinthii, 160 


Glycerin, 154, 375 


Herba Cannabis Indicss, 160 


Glycerin Ointment, 356 


Herba Cardui Benedict!, 161 


Glycerinum, 154, 875 


Herba Lobeliae, 161 


Goflsypium Acidi Borici, 154 


Hexamethylene Tetramine, 162 


Gossypium Carbolisatum, 155 


Hexamethylentetraminum, 162 


Gossypium Depuratum, 155 


Hibiscus Root, 278 


Gossypium Hydrargyri Bichlorati, 156 


Hirudines, 162 


Gossypium lodoformiatum, 156 


Hoffmann's Solution, 315 


Gossypium Salicylatum, 156 


Hog's TArd, 24 


Gossypium Stypticum, 157 


Homatropine Hydrobromide, 163 


Goulard's Water, 202 


Homatropinum Hydrobromicum, 163 


Granulated Tin, 380 


Honey, 208 


Green Soap, 296 


Honey of Rose, 209 


Guaiacol, 157 


Hydrochloric Acid, 11, 373 



412 



INDEX. 



Hydrargyrum, 163 






Ipecacuanha Boot, 279 


Hydrargyrum Bichloratum, 164 




Ipecacuanha Wine, 365 


Hydrargyrum Biiodatum, 


164 




Irish Mom, 72 


Hydrargyrum Chloratum, 


165 




Iron and Ammonium Citrate, 128 


Hydrargyrum Chloratum Vapore Parat- 


Iron Citrate, 129 


um, 166 






Iron Tjactate, 131 


Hydrargyrum cum Creta, 


166 




Iron Powder, 375 


Hydrargyrum lodatum, 167 




Iron Subcarbonate, 134 


Hydrargyrum Oleinicum, 


167 




Iron Vitriol, 135 


Hydrargyrum Oxydatum 


Flavum, 


168 


Iron Wine, 365 


Hydrargyrum Oxydatum 


Bubrum, 


169 


Isinglass, 88 


Hydrargyrum PrsBci pi latum Album 


,169 




Hydrargyrum Salicylicum 


, 170 




J 


Hydrogenium Sulfuratum, 


, 375 




^^ 


Hydrogen Potassium Sulphate Solution, 


Jaborandi Leaves, 144 


379 






Jalap, 281 


Hydragen Sodium Sulphite Solution, 


Jalap Soap, 294 


380 






Japanese Galls, 153 


Hydrogen Sulphide, 375 






Japanese Qentian Boot (Ryutan), 277 


Hydrogen Sulphide Water, 874 




Juniper Berry, 151 


I 

Iceland Mom, 188 






Juniper Tar, 266 






K 


Ichthyocolla, 88 






Kali Causticum, 173, 375 


Indian Hemp, 160 






Kalium Bicarbonicum, 174 


Indian Tobacco, 161 






Kalium Bitartaricum, 175 


Infant's Powder, 271 






Kalium Bromatum, 176 


Infusa, 171 






Kalium Carbonicum, 176 


Infusions, 171 






Kalium Carbonicum Crudum, 178^ 


Infusum. SennsB Compositum, 171 




Kalium Chloratum, 178 


lodeosin Solution, 378 






Kalium Chloricum, 179 


Iodine, 172, 375 






Kalium Ferro-tartaricum, 179 


Iodine Solution, 378 






Kalium lodatum, 180 


Iodine Water, 374 






Kalium Nitricum, 181, 375 


Iodoform, 172 






Kalium Permanganicum, 182 


Iodoform Collodion, 90 






Kalium Sulfuratum, 183 


Iodoform Cotton, 156 






Kalium Sulfuricum, 183 


Iodoform Qauze, 331 






Kalium Tartaricum, 184 


lodoformium, 172 






Kamala, 185 


lodum, 172, 375 






Kino, 185 



INDEX. 



413 



Kousso Flowers, 137 
EZreofiotum, 186 
Kreosotiim Carbonicamy 187 



Lac Calcarise, 375 

Lactic Acid, 13 

Lactyl Phenetidine, 188 

Lactylphenetidinum, 188 

Lapis Divinus, 99 

Lapis Pamicis, 188 

Lavender Flowers, 138 

Laxative Tea, 314 

Lead Acetate, 267 

Lead Acetate Solution, 380 

Lead Carbonate, 267 

Lead Oxide, 268 

Lead Plaster, 104 

Lead Subacetate Solution, 376 

Lead Vinegar, 201 

Leech, 162 

Lemon Peel, 93 

Lenitive Electuary, 102 

Lichen Islalidicua, 188 

Licorice Juice, 325 

Licorice Root, 281 

Lignum Guaiaci, 189 

Lignum Qunssise, 189 

Lignum Santali Rubrum, 190 

Lignum Sassafras, 190 

Lime Liniment, 191 

Lime Water, 44, 374 

Linden Flowers, 139 

Linimentum Ammoniatum, 191 

Linimentum Calcariae, 191 

Linimentum Chloroformii, 191 

Linimentum Saponato Camphoratum, 

192 
Linseed, 299 
Linseed Oil, 240 



Liquefied Carbolic Acid, 9 

Liquid Antidiphtheric Serum, 303 

Liquid Antitetanic Serum, 305 

Liquid Paraffin, 250 

Liquid Storax, 324 

Liquor Ammonii Acetici, 192 

Liquor Arsenicalis Fowleri, 200 

Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodati, 193 

Liquor Cresoli Saponatus, 193 

Liquor Ferri Albuminati, 193 

Liquor Ferri Citrici Oxydati, 195 

Liquor Ferri Oxychlorati, 196 

Liquor Ferri Sesquichlorati, 197 

Liquor Ferri Sulfurici Oxydati, 198 

Liquor Guttaperchse, 199 

Liquor Hoffmanni, 315 

Liquor Kali Caustic!, 375 

Liquor Kali Caustici Spirituosua, 376 

Liquor Kalii Acetici, 199 

Liquor Kalii Arsenicosi, 200 

Liquor Natri Caustici, 376 

Liquor Nitroglycerini, 200 

Liquor Plumbi Subacetici, 201, 376 

Libuor Plumbi Subacetici Dilutus, 202 

Litharge, 268 

Lithargyrum, 268 

Lithium Carbonate, 202 

Lithium Carbonicum, 202 

Litmus Solution, 379 

Lycopodium, 203 

M 

Magnesia Hydrata, 376 
Magnesia Usta, 203 
Magnesia Usta Ponderosa, 204 
Magnesium Carbonate, 204 
Magnesium Carbonicum, 204 
Magnesium Carbonicum Pondersosum, 

205 
Magnesium Citricum Effervescens, 206 



414 



INDEX. 



Magnesium Hydroxide, 376 


Morphine Hydrochloride, 212 


Magnesiam Sulfuricum, 207 


Morphine Sulphate, 213 


Magnesium Sulphate, 207 


Morphinum Diacetylicum Hydrochlori- 


Magnesium Sulphate Solution, 380 


cum, 211 


Male Fern Rhizome, 276 


Morphinum Hydrochloricum, 212 


Mallov7 Flowers, 138 


Morphinum Sulfuricum, 213 


Manganese Dioxide, 376 


Moschus, 214 


Manganum Hyperoxydatum, 876 


Mucilage of Gum Arabic, 214 


Manna, 20S 


Mucilage of Salep, 215 


Marshmallow Leaves, 140 


Mucilage of Tragacanth, 215 


Marshmallow Boot, 274 


Mucilago Gummi Arabici, 214 


Medicinal Soap, 295 


Mucilago Salep, 215 


Mel, 208 


Mucilago Tragacanthse, 215 


Mel Depuratum, 209 


Mullein Flowers, 140 


Mel Bosatum, 209 


Musk, 214 


Menthol, 210 


Mustard, 300 


Mentholum, 210 


Myrrh, 215 


Menthol Water. 47 


Myrrha, 215 


Mercuric Chloride, 164 




Mercuric Chloride Qauze, 831 


N 


Mercuric Chloride Solution, 378 


Mercuric Iodide, 164, 165 


Naphthalene, 216 


Mercuric Oleate, 167 


Naphthalinum, 216 


Mercuric Salicylate, 170 


Naphtholum, 216 


Mercurons Chloride, 165 


Naphtol, 216 


Mercurous Chloride Prepared hy Steam, 


Narcotic Ether, 26 


166 


Natrio-Kalium Tartaricum, 217, 376 


Mercuroui} Iodide, 167 


Natrium Aceticum, 218 


Mercury, 163 


Natrium Benzoicum, 219 


Mercury Ointment, 357 


Natrium Bicarbonicum, 220 


Mercury Plaster, 104 


Natrium Boricum, 376 


Mercury with Chalk, 166 


Natrium Bromatum, 221 


Metallic Sodium, 376 


Natrium Carbonicum, 222 


Methyl Sulfonalum, 210 


Natrium Carboniciun Crudum, 222 


Methyl Sulphonal, 210 


Natrium Carbonicum Siccum, 223 


Mezereon Bark, 97 


Natrium Chloratum, 223 


Mild Blistering Oinment, 361 


Natrium lodum, 224 


Milk of Lime, 875 


Natrium Metallicum, 376 


Milk Sugar, 292 


Natrium Nitricum, 225 


Minium, 211 


Natrium Nitrosum, 376 


Monobromated Camphor, 70 


Natrium Phosphoricum, 226 



INDEX. 



415 



Katrium Salicjlicum, 227 


Ointments, 355 


Katrinm Sulfocarbolicum, 227 


Oleic Acid, 15 


Natrium Sulfuricum, 228, 376 


Oleum Amygdalarum, 231 


Natrium Sulfuricum Siccum, 229 


Oleum Aurantii Corticis, 232 


Natrum Causticum, 229, 376 


Oleum Aurantii Florum, 232 


Nessler's Solution, 376 


Oleum BergamottM), 232 


Nitric Acid, 14, 873 


Oleum Cacno, 233 


Nitroglycerin, 230 


Oleum Cadinum, 266 


Nitroglycerinum, 230 


Oleum Cajeputi, 234 


Normal Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 882 


Oleum Camphoratum, 234 


Normal Potaaaium Hydroxide Solution, 


Oleum Cantbaridatum, 284 


382 


Oleum Caryophyllorum, 235 


Nutmeg, 299 


Oleum Chloroformii, 235 


Nux Vomica, 301 


Oleum Cinnamomi, 236 




Oleum Citri, 236 


o 


Oleum Crotonis, 237 


Oleum Eucalypti, 237 


Oil of Bay, 240 


Oleum Foeniculi, 238 


Oil of Betula, 265 


Oleum Gynocardise, 288 


Oil of Cade, 266 


Oleum Hyoscyami, 238 


Oil of Cajuput, 234 


Oleum Jecoris, 239 


Oil of Cantharides, 234 


Oleum Juniperi, 239 


Oil of Cassia, 236 


Oleum Lauri, 240 


Oil of Citron, 236 


Oleum Tiavandule, 240 


Oil of Cloves, 235 


Oleum Limonis, 236 


Oil of Empyreumatic Resin, 248 


Oleum Lini, 240 


Oil Of Eucalyptus, 237 


Oleum Menthie, 241 


Oil of Fennel, 238 


Oleum MyristiciB JEthereum, 242 


Oil of Gynocardia, 238 


Oleum Olivarum, 242 


Oil of Hyoscyamus, 238 


Oleum Resinse Empyreumaticum, 243 


Oil of Juniper, 239 


Oleum Ricini, 243 


Oil of Tiavender, 240 


Oleum Rosse, 244 


Oil of Lemon, 236 


Oleum Rosmarini, 244 


Oil of Orange Flower, 232 


Oleum Rusci, 265 


Oil of Orange Peel, 232 


Oleum Sabinae, 244 


Oil of Rosemary, 244 


Oleum Santali, 245 


Oil of Santal, 245 


Oleum Sesami, 245 


Oil of Savin, 244 


Oleum Sinapis iEthereum, 246 


Oil of Sesame, 245 


Oleum Terebinthinse, 246 


Oil of Thyme, 247 


Oleum Terebinthime Rectificatum, 247 


Oil Sugar, 102 


Oleum Thymi, 247 



416 



INDEX. 



Olive Oil, 242 
Opium, 248 
Opodeldoc, 192 
Orange Flower Water, 47 
Orange Pease, 149 
Orris Root, 280 
Oxalic Acid, 373 
Oxgall, 126 
Ox-Tallow, 297 
Oxymel, 249 
Oxymel of Squill, 249 
Oxymel Scillse, 249 



Pancreatin, 249 

Pankreatinum, 249 

Paraffin Ointment, 359 

Paraffinum Liquidum, 250 

Paraffinum Solidum, 250 

Paraldehyde, 251 

Paraldehydum, 251 

PastilU, 251 

Pastilli Acidi Borici, 252 

PastilU Acidi Tannici, 252 

Pastilli Antipyrini, 252 

Pastilli Bismuti Subnitrici, 253 

Pastilli Cocaini Hydrochlorici, 253 

Pastilli Ferri Lactici, 253 

Pastilli Hydrargyri Bichlorati, 253 

Pastilli Hydrargyri Chlorati cum Talco, 

254 
Pastilli Ipecacuanhse, 254 
Pastilli Kalii Chlorici, 254 
Pastilli Mentha, 255 
Pastilli Morphini Hydrochlorici, 255 
Pastilli Natrii Bicarbonici, 255 
Pastilli Natrii Salicylici, 255 
Pastilli Opii et Ipecacuanhse, 256 
Pastilli Santonini, 256 
Pastils, 251 






Pastils of Antipyrine, 252 

Pastils of Bismuth Subnitrate, 253 

Pastils of Boric Acid, 252 

Pastils of Cocaine Hydrochloride, 253 

Pastils of Ipecacuanha, 254 

Pastils of Iron Lactate, 253 

Pastils of Mercuric Chloride, 253 

Pastils of Mercurous Chloride with 

Talc, 254 
Pastils of Morphine Hydrochloride, 255 
Pastils of Opium and Ipecacuanha 256 
Pastils of Peppermint Oil, 255 
Pastils of Potassium Chlorate, 254 
Pastils of Santonin, 256 
Pastils of Sodium Bicarbonate, 255 
Pastils of Sodium Salicylate, 255 
Pastils of Tannic Acid, 252 
Peppermint Leaves, 145 
Peppermint Oil, 241 
Pepsinum Purum, 376 
Pepsinum Saccharatum, 256 
Pepsin Wine, 366 
Petroleum Benzin, 55 
Petroleum Ether, 374 
Phenacetin, 257 
Phenacetinum, 257 
Phenolphthalein Solution, 380 
Phenyldihydroquinazoline Tannate, 253 
Phenydihydrochinazolinum Tannicum 

258 
Phenyl Salicylate, 258 
Phenylum Salicylicum, 258 
Phosphoric Acid, 16 
Phosphorus, 259 
Physostigmine Salicylate, 259 
Physostigmine Sulphate, 260 
Physostigminum Salicylicum, 259 
Physostigminum Sulfuricum, 260 
Phytolacca Hoot, 281 
Picric Acid, 17 
Pills, 261 



INDEX. 



417 



Pills of Aloes, 262 

Pills of Aloes and Asafetida, 262 

Pills of Aloes and Iron, 262 

Pills of Aloes and Jalap, 263 

Pills ofColocynth andHyoscyamus, 268 

Pills of Creosote, 265 

Pills of Mercury. 264 

Pills of Quinine Sulphate, 263 

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, 261 

Pilocarpinum Hydrochloricum, 261 

Pilulfie, 261 

Pilulfie Aloes, 262 

PilulsB Aloes et Asse Foetidse, 262 

Pilulte Aloes et Ferri, 262 

Pilulse Aloes et Jalapse, 263 

Pilulffi Chinini Sulfuric!, 263 

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Hyoecyami, 263 

Pilulse Ferri Carbonici Blaudii, 264 

PilulsB Hydrargyri, 264 

Pilules Kreosoti, 265 

Pilulse Ehel Compositte, 265 

Pix Betulee Liquida, 265 

Pix Juniper! Liquida, 266 

Pix Liquida, 266 

Plaster, 103 

Plumbum Aceticum, 267 

Plumbum Carbonicum, 267 

Plumbum Oxydatum, 268 

Pock Wood, 189 

Podophyllum Resin, 289 

Pomegranate Bark, 95 

Potassium Acetate Solution, 379 

Potassium Antimony Tartrate, 322 

Potassium Bicarbonate, 174 

Potassium Bichromate Solution, 379 

Potassium Biiartrate, 175 

Potassium Bromide, 176 

Potassium Carbonate, 176 

Potassium Chlorate, 179 

Potassium Chloride, 178 

Potassium Chromate Solution, 379 



Potassium Hydroxide, 375 

Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 375 

Potassium Iodide, 180 

Potassium Iodide Ointment, 358 

Potassium Iodide Solution, 379 

Potassium Iron Tartrate, 179 

Potassium Nitrate, 181, 275 

Potassium Permanganate, 182 

Potassium Sodium Tartrate, 217, 376 

Potassium Sulphate, 183 

Potassium Sulphide, 183 

Potassium Sulphide Solution, 379 

Potassium Sulphocyanate Solution, 379 

Potassium Tartrate, 184 

Powdered Iron, 132 

Powdered Animal Charcoal, 71 

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, 67 

Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, 68 

Precipitated Sulphur, 327 

Prepared Chalk, 98 

Proteine Silver, 50 

Pulpa Tamarindorum, 269 

Pulpa Tamarindorum Depurata, 269 

Pulvis iErophorus, 270 

Pulvis j^rophorus Laxans, 270 

Pulvis Aromaticus, 270 

Pulvis Doveri, 270 

Pulvis Gummosus, 271 

Pulvis Infantum, 271 

Pulvis Liquiritise Compositus, 271 

Pulvis Rhei Compositus, 272 

Pulvis Salicylicus cum Talco, 272 

Pumice, 188 

Pure Chloroform, 375 

Pure Ether, 374 

Pure Pepsin, 376 

Purgative Effervescing Powder, 270 

Purified Camphor, 69 

Purified Cotton, 155 

Purified Gauze, 330 

Purified Goa Powder, S5 



418 



INDEX. 



Purified Gutta Percha, 159 
Purified Honey, 209 
Purified Liquid Storax, 325 
Purified Sulphur, 826 
Purified Tamariud, 269 
Pyrc^allic Acid, 272 
Pyrogallol, 272 
Pyrogallolum, 272 

Q 

Quassia Wood, 189 
Quick Lime, 66 
Quillaia Bark, 97 
Quinine Bisulphate, 77 
Quinine Hydrochloride, 81 
Quinine Sulphate, 82 
Quinine Tannate, 83 

R 

Radix Aconiti Napelli, 273 

Radix AlthsesB, 274 

Radix Colombo, 275 

Radix Coptidis, 275 

Radix Filicis, 276 

Radix Gelsemii, 276 

Radix Gentian 86, 277 

Radix Gentianee Scabrae (Et/vtan), 277 

Radix Hibisci, 278 

Radix Hydrastis, 278 

Radix Ipecacuanh^e, 279 

Radix Iridis, 280 

Radix Jalapse, 281 

Radix Liquiritite, 281 

Radix PhytolaccfiB, 281 

Radix Ratanhiee, 282 

Radix Rhei, 282 

Radix Salep, 283 

Radix Sarsaparillse, 283 

Radix Scopoliee, 283 



Radix Senegse, 284 

Radix Berpent^ise, 284 

Radix Taraxaci cum Herba, 2S5 

Radix Valeriana, 285 

Radix ZedoariaB, 286 

Radix Zingiberis, 286 

Reagens Nessleri, 376 

Rectified Turpentine Oil, 247 

Red Litmus Paper, 375 

Red Mercuric Oxide, 169 

Red Mercuric Oxide Ointment, 358 

Red Pepper, 149 

Red Sanders Wood, 190 

Reduced Iron, 133 

Rose Flowers, 139 

Rose Water, 49 

Resina Dammar, 287 

Resina Gnaiaci, 287 

Resina Jalapse, 288 

Resina Pini, 288 

Resina Podophylli, 289 

Resin of Jalap, 288 

Resin of Pine, 288 

Resin Plaster, 105 

Resorcin, 290 

Resorcinum, 290 

Rhatany Root, 282 

Rhubarb, 282 

Rochelle Salt, 217 

Rose Oil, 244 

Rosolic Acid Solution, 377 

Rubefacient Paper, 78 

El/Ulan, 277 



Saccharated Tron Carbonate, 126 
Saccharated Iron Iodide, 130 
Saccharated Pepsin, 256 
Saccharin, 290 
Saccharinum, 290 



INDEX. 



419 



Saocharinojn Solubile, 291 

Sacchamm, 292, 876 

Saccharum Lactis, 292, 376 

Sacred Bark, 73 

Saffron, 98 

Sal Carolinum Factitium, 293 

Salep, 283 

Salicylic Acid, 18 

Salicylic Acid Cotton, 156 

Sali<7lie Acid Qauze, 831 

Salicylic Acid Powder with Talc, 27 

Sal Seignetti, 217 

Sandarac, 293 

Sandaraca, 293 

Santonin, 294 

Santoninum, 294 

Sapo Jalapinus, 294 

8apo Kalinus 295 

Sapo Medicatus, 295 

Sapo Viridis, 296 

Sassafras Wood, 190 

Sarsaparilla, 283 

Scopolamine Hydrobromide, 297 

Scopolaminum Hydrobromicum, 297 

Scopolia Ointment, 359 

Scopolia Boot, 283 

Sebmn Bovinum, 297 

Secale Comutum, 298 

Semen Colchici, 298 

Semen Lini, 299 

Semen Myristicse, 299 

Semen Physostigmatis, 299 

Semen Pruni Armeniacse, 300 

Semen Sinapis, 300 

Semen Strophanthi, 301 

Semen Strychni, 301 

Semen Tonco, 303 

Senega Boot, 284 

Senna Leaves, 146 

Serum Antidiphthericum, 303 

Seram Antidiphthericum Liquidnm, 803 



Serum Antidiphthericum Siccum, 804 

Serpa Antitetanicum, 804 

Serum Antitetanicum Liquidum, 805 

Serum Antitetanicum Siccum, 305 

Silver Nitrate, 49 

Silver Nitrate Mitigated with Potassium 

Nitrate, 50 
Silver Nitrate Solution, 877 
Sirupi, 806 
Slaked lime, 374 
Soap Liniment, 192 
Soap Plaster, 106 
Soap Solution of Cresol, 193 
Sodium Acetate Solution, 380 
Sodium Bicarbonate, 220 
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution, 880 
Sodium Borate, 61, 376 
Sodium Carbonate Solution, 380 
Sodium Chloride, 223, 376 
Sodium Hydroxide, 229, 376 
Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 376 
Sodium Iodide, 224 
Sodium Nitrate, 225 
Sodium Nitrite, 376 
Sodium Phosphate, 226 
Sodium Phosphate Solution, 380 
Sodium Salicylate, 227 
Sodium Sulphate, 228, 376 
Sodium Sulphite Solution, 380 
Sodium Sulphocarbolate, 227 
Sodium Thiosulphate Solution, 380 
Soft Soap, 295 
Solid Paraffin, 250 
Soluble Saccharin, 291 
Solutio Acidi Carbolici, 376 
Solutio Acidi Bosolici, 877 
Solutio Acidi Sulfurosi, 377 
Solutio Acidi Tannici, 377 
Solutio Acidi Tartarici, 377 
Solutio AlbuminiB, 377 
Solutio Ammonii Carbonici, 377 



420 



INDEX. 



Solutio Ammonii Chlorati, 877 
Solutio Ammonii Molybdffiaici, 377 
Solutio Ammonii Oxalici, 877 
Solutio Ammonii Sulfocyanati Volume- 

trica Decinormalis, 383 
Solutio Amyli, 377 
Solutio Argenti Nitrici, 377 
Solutio Argenti Nitrici Volumetrica De- 

cinormaliB, 384 

Solutio Baryi Chlorati, 377 

Solutio Baryi Nitrici, 377 

Solutio Calcarite Chlonitje, 377 

Solutio Calcii Chlorati, 877 

Solutio Calcii Sulfuric!, 378 

Solutio Cupri Acetici, 878 

Solutio Donovani, 193 

Solutio Eosiui lodati, 378 

Solutio Fehlingi, 378 

Solutio Ferri Sesquicblorati, 378 

Solutio Ferri Sulfuric!, 378 

Solutio Ferri Sulfuric! Oxydati, 378 

Solutio Ferri Sulfuric! Oxydati Am- 
moniati, 378 

Solutio Gelatiuffi, 378 

Solutio Hydrargyri Bichlorati, 378 

Solutio Hydrargyri Bichlorati Spirituosa, 
378 

Solutio lodi, 878 

Solutio lodi Spirituosa, 378 

Solutio lodi Volumetrica Decinormalis, 
384 

Solutio Kalii Acetici, 379 

Solutio Kalii Bi chromic!, 879 

Solutio Kalii Bisulfurici, 379 

Solutio Kalii Chromic!, 379 

Solutio Kalii Ferricyanati, 379 

Solutio Kalii Ferrocyanati, 379 

Solutio Kalii lodati, 379 

Solutio Kali! Sulfocyauati, 379 

Solutio Kalii Sulfurati, 379 

Solutio Kali Spirituosa Volumetrica 
seminormalis, 382 



Solutio Kali Volumetrica Centinormalis, 

382 
Solutio Kali Volumetrica Decinormalis^ 

382 
Solutio Kali Volumetrica Normalis, 381 
Solutio LaccsB Music®, 379 
Solutio Magnesii Sulfuric!, 380 
Solutio Natrii Acetici, 380 
Solutio Natrii Bisulfurosi, 380 
Solutio Natrii Bicarbouici, 380 
Solutio Natrii Carbonic!, 380 
Solutio Natrii Chlorati Volumetrica 

Decinormalis, 384 
Solutio Natrii Phosphoric!, ?80 
Solutio Natrii Subsulfurosi, 380 
Solutio Natrii Subsulfurosi Volumetrica 

Decinormalis, 885 
Solutio Natrii Sulfurosi, 880 
Solution of Ammonium Acetate, 192 
Solution of Arsenious and Mercuric 

Iodide, 193 
Solution of Chlorinated Lime, 377 
Solution of Ferric Chloride, 197 
Solution of Ferric Citrate, 195 
Solution of Ferric Oxychloride, 196 
Solution of Ferric Sulphate, 198 
Solution of Gutta Percha, 199 
Solution of Iron Albuminate, 193 
Solution of Lead Subacetate, 201 
Solution of Nitroglycerin, 200 
Solution of Potassium Acetate, 199 
Solution of Potassium Arsenite, 200 
Solution of Red Prussiate of Potash, 379 
Solution of Yellow Prussiate of Potash, 

379 
Solutio Phenolphthaleini, 880 
Solutio Plumb! Acetici, 880 
Solutio Stanni Chlorati, 380 
Solutio Zinc! lodati cum Amylo, 380 
Sparteine Sulphate, 312 
Sparteinum Sulfuricum, 812 



tSVEX. 



421 



Species, 313 

Species Lazantes, 314 

Species Pectoraies, 314 

Spermaceti, 77 

Spirit, 314 

Spirit of Camphor, 318 

Spirit of Cassia, 319 

Spirit of Chloroform, 318 

Spirit of Ether, 315 

Spirit of Fennel, 320 

Spirit of Juniper, 320 

Spirit of Lavender, 320 

Spirit of Lemon, 319 

Spirit of Mindererus, 192 

Spirit of Mustard, 322 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 316 

Spirit of Peppermint, 320 

Spirit of Rosemary, 321 

Spirit of Soap, 321 

Spiritus, 314, 380 

Spiritus jEthereus, 315 

Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrosi, 316 

Spiritus Ammonise Aroniaticus, 316 

Spiritus Ammonite Foeniculatus, 317 

Spiritus Aromaticus, 317 

Spiritus Camphoratus, 318 

Spiritus Chloroformii, 318 

Spiritus Cinnamomi, 319 

Spiritus Citri, 319 

Spiritus Dilutus, 319, 380 

Spiritus Foeniculi, 320 

Spiritus Juniperi, 320 

Spiritus Lavandulie, 320 

Spiritus Mendereri, 192 

Spiritus Menthse, 320 

Spiritus Bosmarini, 321 

Spiritus Saponatus, 321 

Spiritus Siuapis, 322 

Squill Bulb, 62 

Stannous Chloride Solution, 380 

Stannum Raspatum, 380 



Starch, 38, 374 

Starch Prepared from Potatoes, 374 

Starch Solution, 377 

Stearic Acid, 18 

Stibio-Kalium Tartaricum, 322 

Stibium Sulfuratum Auranticum, 323 

Stramonium Leaves, 146 

Strong Blistering Ointment, 360 

Strophanthus Seed, 301 

Strychnine Nitrate, 323 

Strychninum Nitricum, 323 

Styptic Cotton, 157 

Styrax Liq nidus, 324 

Styrax Liquidus Depuratus, 325 

Sublimed Sulphur, 327 

Succus Liquiritiffi, 325 

Sugar, 292, 376 

Sulfonalum, 325 

Sulfur Depuratum, 326 

Sulfur Praecipitatum, 327 

Sulfur Sublimatum, 327 

Sulphonal, 325 

Sulphurated Lime, 65 

Sulphuric Acid, 19, 374 

Sulphur Ointment, 360 

Sulphurous Acid Solution, 377 

Suppositoria, 328 

Suppositoria Glycerini, 328 

Suppositoria Opii, 328 

Suppositoria Scopolise, 329 

Suppositories, 328 

Suppositories of Glycerin, 328 

Suppositories of Opium, 328 

Suppositories of Scopolia, 329 

Sweet Almond, 37 

Sweet Wood Bark, 91 

Sweet Spirit of Nitre, 316 

Syrup of Althsea, 306 

Syrup of Bitter Orange Peel, 307 

Syrup of Cassia, 307 

Syrup of Ferrous Iodide, 308 



422 



JSBEX.. 



Syrup of Ginger, 812 


Tinctura Aromatica, 886 


Syrup of Ipecacuanha, 20S 


Tinctura Aromatica Acida, 837 


Syrup of Manna, 809 


Tinctura Ab» Foetidse, 837 


Syrup of Peppermint, 309 


Tinctura Aurantii Corticis, 337 


Syrup of Raspberry, 810 


Tinctura Benzoes, 838 


Syrup of Rhubarb, 309 


Tinctura Cannabis Indicfe, 833 


Syrup of Saffron, 807 


Tinctura Cantharidum, 338 


Syrup of Senega, 310 


Tinctura Capsici, 339 


Syrup of Senna, 311 


Tinctura CascarillsB, 389 


Syrup of Senna with Manna, 311 


Tinctura Catechu, 839 


Syrupg, 806 


Tinctura Chinse, 839 




Tinctura Chinee Composita, 340 


T 

• 


Tinctura Chloroformii et Morphini Com- 


posita, 341 


Talc, 329 


Tinctura Cinnamomi, 341 


Talcum, 329 


Tinctura Colchici, 342 


Tamarind, 269 


Tinctura Colocynthidis, 342 


Tannic Acid, 20 


Tinctura Colombo, 342 


Tannic Acid Solution, 377 


Tinctura Croci, 343 


Tannicum Acetylicum, 329 


Tinctura Digitalis, 343 


Tartar Emetic, 322 


Tinctura, 385 


Tartaric Acid, 21 


Tinctura Ferri .^.therea, 343 


Tartaric Acid Solution, 377 


Tinctura Ferri Pomati, 344 


Tar Water, 48 


Tinctura Gallarum, 344 


Tea, 313 


Tinctura Qelsemii, 844 


Tela Acidi Borici, 330 


Tinctura Gentianse Composita, 345 


Tela Depurata, 330 


Tinctura Gentianee Scabrae {Byutan), 345 


Tela Hydrargyri Bichlorati, 331 


Tinctura Guaiaci, 845 


Tela lodoformiata, 331 


Tinctura lodi, 346 


Tela Salicylata, 331 


Tinctura Ipecacuanhse, 345 


Terebinthina, 832 


Tinctura LavandulsB Composita, 347 


Terpin Hydrate, 332 


Tinctura Lobelise, 847 


Terpinum Hydratum, 332 


Tinctura Myrrhse, 348 


Theobromine Sodium Salicylate, 333 


Tinctura Opii, 348 


Theobrominum Natrio-salicylicum 333 


Tinctura Opii Benzoica, 848 


Thymol, 834 


Tinctura Quassise, 849 


Thymolum, 384 


Tinctura Ratanhiae, 849 


Tinctura Aconiti Napelli, 835 


Tinctura Rhei, 349 


Tinctura Aloes, 835 


Tinctura Rhei Aquosa, 350 


Tinctura Aloes Composita, 886 


Tinctura ScillsB, 850 


Tinctura Amara, 836 


Tinctura Scopolia, 350 



423 



Tinctnra Serpentariffi, 851 
Tinctara Strophanthi, 852 
Tinctara Strychni, 852 
Tinctara Valeriaa»| 853 
Tinctura ValeriansB ^therea, 858 
Tinctara Ziiigiberis, 854 
Tmctare of Aoooite, 885 
Tincture of Aloea, 885 
Tincture of Aaafetida, 887 
Tincture of Benzoin, 888 
Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel, 887 
Tincture of Oalumba, 842 
Tincture of Camphor, 818 
Tincture of Cantharides, 888 
Tincture of Capsicum, 889 
Tincture of Cascarilla, 839 
Tincture of Catechu, 889 
Tincture of Cinchona, 389 
Tincture of Cinnamon, 341 
Tincture of Colchicum, 342 
Tincture of Colocynth, 842 
Tincture of Digitalis, 343 
Tincture of Gelsemium, 844 
Tincture of Ginger, 354 
Tincture of Guaiac, 345 
Tincture of Indian Hemp, 338 
Tincture of Iodine, 846 
Tincture of Ipecacuanha, 345 
Tincture of Iron Malate, 844 
Tincture of Japanese Galls, 344 
Tincture of Japanese Gentian (RytUctn), 

345 
Tincture of Lobelia, 347 
Tincture of Myrrh, 348 
Tincture of Nux Vomica, 352 
Tincture of Opium, 348 
Tincture of Quassia, 349 
Tincture of Batanhia, 849 
Tincture of Bhubarb, 349 
Tincture of Saffron, 343 
Tincture of Scopolia, 850 



Tincture of Serpentaria, 351 
Tincture of Squill, 850 
Tincture of Strophanthos, 352 
Tincture of Valerian, 858 
Tinctures, 835 
Tonka Bean, 808 
Tragacanth, 854 
Tragacantha, 854 
Trichloracetic Acid, 22 
Troches, 251 
Tuberculin, 854 
Tuberculinum, 854 
Turmeric Paper, 875 
Turpentine, 832 
Turpentine Oil, 246 

u 

Unguenta, 355 

Unguentum Acidi Borici, 355 
Unguentum Cantharidum, 356 
Unguentum Glycerin!, 856 
Unguentum Hebrse, 356 
Unguentum Hydrargyri Album, 257 
Unguentum Hydrargyri Cinereum, 357 
Unguentum Hydrargyri Flavum, 367 
Unguentum Hydrargyri Bubrum, 358 
Unguentum Kalii lodati, 358 
Unguentum Paraffini, 359 
Unguentum Picis LiquidaB, 359 
Unguentum Scopolisa, 859 
Unguentum Simplex, 360 
Unguentum Stibiatum, 360 
Unguentum Sulfuratum, 860 
Ung^ientum Vesicans Fortius, 360 
Unguentum Vesicans Mitius, 361 
Unguentum Zinci, 361 



Valerian Boot, 285 
Vanilla, 152 



424 



tNDEX. 



Vaselin, 361 
Vaselinum, 361 
Veratrine, 362 
Veratrinum, 362 
Vina, 363 

Vinegar of Squill, 3 
Vinum, 363 
Vinum Chinas, 363 
Vinum Colchici, 364 
Vinum Oondurango, 364 
Vinum Ferri, 365 
Vinum Ipecacuanhas, 365 
Vinum Opii Aromaticum, 365 
Vinum Pepsini, 366 
Vinum Stibiatum, 366 
Volatile Oil of Mustard, 246 

w 

White Bole, 60 

White Gelatin, 153 

White Wax, 75 

Wine, 363 

Wines, 363 

Wood Tar, 266 

Wood Tar Ointment, 359 



Worm Seed, 137 
Worm Wood, 160 



Yellow Mercuric Oxide, 168 
Yellow Mercuric Oxide Ointment, 357 
Yellow Root, 278 
Yellow Wax, 76 



Zedoary Boot, 286 
Zinc Chloride, 367 
Zinc-iodide-starch Paper, 375 
Zinc-iodide-starcli Solution, 380 
Zinc Ointment, 361 
Zinc Oxide, 367 
Zinc Sulphate, 369 
Zinc S^lphocarbolate, 368 
Zincum Chloratum, 867 
Zincum Oxy datum, 367 
Zincum Sulfocarbolicum, 368 
Zincum Sulfuricum, 369 
Zincum Valerianicum, 370 
Zinc Valerianate, 370 



ERRATA 



I'AOI! 


LiXE 


Article 


For 


Read 


1 


13 


Aoetanilidum 


it acquires 


0.2 g. of it acquires 


6 


3 


Acid, arsenlcosum 


AS,0, 


ASaO, 


10 


3 


„ rhromicam 


CO, 


CrO, 


11 


3 


„ gallicum 


CBToO.+IT.O 


C,H.O.+11.0 


12 


2 
/r. holtom 


„ hydrocyanicum 
dilotum 


an excess f 


an excess of 


15 


8 
/r. 6o<^om 


Acid, oleinicum 


282.341 


282.34 


18 


8 
/r. 6o/roTJi 


„ galicylicnm 


0.5. g. 


0.5 g. 


20 


3 


,, 8ulfuricam 


1.92-20 ccm. 


19.2-20 ccm. 


»> 


9 


„ „ crudum 


1.82 


1.83 


22 


4 


Acidum tartar icum 


5«- 


0.5 g. 


27 


21 


^.thylium bromatum 


minutes 


seconds 


28 


8 


Agaricinum 


heating with 


heatingO.lg. of it with 


31 


3 


Aloe 


by heating it 


by heating 1 part of it 


36 


6 
fr. bottom 


Am. sulfoichthyoliciim 


chared 


charred 


39 


6 


Amylnm, (b) Kwm 


thunbergiamt 


Thunbergiana 


41 


18 


Antipyrin. salicylicnm 


at 157*»C. 


at about 157° C. 


«• 


20 


i» >' 


water 


hot water 


52 


13 


Asafoetidfe 


powdrouB 


powdery 


61 


4 


Borax 


Sodium Biborate 


Sodium Borate 


» 


5 


i» 


282.3 


382.3 


04 


2 


Caffeino-Nat. salicylic. 


in 50 parts 


in about 50 parts 


71 


6 
/r. bottom 


Capsiilap Copaivo? 


Capaiva 


Copaiva 


79 


16 


CFiinimim bisulfuricum 


80«C. 


about 80° C. 


91 


17 


Cort. Anrant. Fruclus 


Duham, 


Duham.| 


93 


20 


Cortex Cinnamomi 


1— 3 mm. thick, and 
0.5-3.0 mm. 


about 1— 3 mm. thick, 
and 0.5— 3 cm. 


94 


13 


„ Condurango 


partly containing 


partly contain 


95 


11 


„ Frangula* 


but is devoid of 


which is devoid of 


96 


6 


„ Granati 


0.00025-0.0008 mm. 


0.0025-0.008 mm. 


97 


18 


,, Qaillaitp 


0.06-3.20 mm. 


0.06-0.2 mm. 


101 


10 
fr. bottom 


Diraethylamidoantipy- 
rinum 


Demethylamidoantipy- 
rinura 


Dimethylamidoantipy- 
rinum 


113 


11 
fr, bottom 


Extractuin Colombo 


Columba root 


Calumba Root 



11 



Page 


Line 


113 
IIG 

118 


2 A 13 
/r. bottom 

5 

/r. bottom 

5 
fr. bottom 


121 


1 


126 


1 
Jr. bottom 


129 


12 
fr. bottom 


130 


21 


130 


16 


142 


6 
fr. bottom 

3 

fr. bottom 


146 
152 


7 
fr. bottom 

6 
fr. bottom 


155 


7 
fr. bottom 


157 


7 
fr. bottom 


.159 


1 
fr. bottom 


169 


12 


188 


4 
fr. bottom 


190 


17 


191 


6 


194 


5 


199 


10 
fr, bottom 


205 


6 
fr. bottom 


207 


2 
fr. bottom 


216 


9 


218 


5 

fr. bottom 


222 


18 


229 


2 
fr. bottom 


231 


8 



Article 


Foe 


Read. 


Eztractum Colombo 


Extract of Columba 


Extract of Calumba 


,, Qentianse 


in coarse powder 


coarse cut 


„ Ilydrastis 


a dry filter-paper 


a dry filter-paper, 
plao^ in a veil- 


flaiduni 




covered funnel 


Extractum Opii 


a till 


till a 


Ferrum carbonicnra 


60 pts. 


b pts. 


fticcharatuin 






Ferrnm citriciira 


thereform 


therefrom 


oxydatam 






Ferrum iod. satxihnrat. 


20 per cent 


about 20 per opnt. 


Flores Arnicffi 


8-12 veins 


8-10 veins 


„ Chamomillie 


white ones 


of white ones 


Folia Eucalypti 


1— 2 mm. 


1-2 cm. 


„ Sennie 


Cynanchum Argel Del. 


Cynanchum Arghel Del. 


Galbanum 


fuming nitric acid 


faming hydrochloric 
acid. 


Gk)f»7piura depnrntiim 


10 parts 


10 com. 


Gnaiacolum 


about 28° 0. 


about 28° C. Boilin<; 
point: about 205° C 


Gutta percba depnrata 


at 100° C. 


at 100° C, and Rhonld 
completely di^olve 
in chlomfonn 


Hydrar. oxyd. rubrum 


2ccm. 


Iccm. 


Licben i Bland icuR 


Cetrura 


Cetraria 


Lignum Quassis; 


5-20 layera 


5—20 or more layers 


„ SaRsarras 


add 


and 


Liquor Ferri albumi. 


of water 


of distilled water 


,f Kali Acetici 


with water 


with distilled water 


Magnesium carbonicum 


Distilled Water 


Boiling Distilled Water 


pooderosum 






Magnesium sulfuricum 


The aqueous solution 


20 ccm. of the aqueous 
solution 


Naphthalinum 


Naphtalin 


Naphthalene 


Natrium aceticum 


then become 


then becomes 


Natrium carbonicum 


If its aqueous 


If 2 ccm. of its aqueous 


Natrum causticum 


A aqueous solution 


An aqueous solution 


Oleum Amygdalarum 


shaken with 


shaken at 10° C. with 



in 



Paoe 


LiXE 


Article 


For 


Read 


2^:5 


St. bottom 


Oleiiui Cacao 


diissoWe 0.5 g. 


dissolve about 0.5 g. 


2.S7 


4 


„ Citri 


9.858-0.861 


0.858-0.861 


»• 


1 
/r. &o</om 


„ . Eucalypti 


with iodine 


with iodine. Specific 
gravity: 0.90-0.93 


2.38 


17 


„ Gynocardia* 


26*— 20** C. 


25° -29^ C. 


240 


19 


„ Lay and like 


half-normal 


half-normal alcoholic 


260 


18 


Physostig. Solicylicura. 


Q^g. 


0.02 g. 


270 


4 


PulviR lerophorus 


2 pt8. 


2g. 


>» 


5 


»» f» 


lb pis. 


1.5 g. 


»> 


11 


M t, laxans 


75 pis. 


7.5 g. 


>» 


12 


ff M }t 


25 p(8. 


2.5 g. 


»f 


14 


» >» M 


2 ptj(. 


2g. 


276 


6 


Radix AlthasfB 


It should 


1 part of it should 


»f 


13 


„ Colombo 


Jateorrhim 


JcUrorrhiza 


277 


10 
/r. boUom 


„ Gentianse scab. 


5 cm. 


5 mm. 


280 


18 


„ Iridis 


IrU paUula Linn. 


Iris pallida Lam. 


282 


11 
/r. 5o/lom 


M Khei 


Rheum., 


Rheum, 


285 


11 


„ Torax. c. Herba 


Koch., 


Koch, 


288 


7 

/r. dotfoni 


Resina Jalapie 


If it be 


If 1 part of it be 


290 


8 


Resorcinum 


100«— IIPC. 


110°— lire. 


299 


3 


Semen Lini 


Linum usitatiflRimum 


Linum usitatisainum 


302 


18 


„ Strychni 


6 parts of ether and 
1 part 


6 ccm. of ether and 
Iccm. 


;i07 


11 
/r. ftoliom 


SirnpuR Croci 


Synipus Croci 


Sim pus Croci 


.•U5 


20 


SpirituR lethereiiR 


Liquor Hofimann 


Liquor Hoffmann i 


351 


13 
/r. fro</om 


Tinctura Scopolia* 


to 100 ccm. 


to about 100 ccm. 


353 


13 


„ Strychni 


to 100 ccm. 


to about 100 ccm. 


375 


16 




Chloroform absolntum 


Chloroform ium absolnt. 


376 


1 
fr. bottom 




in 12 parts 


in 19 parts 


377 


21 




nitric acid. Specific 


nitric acid, having a 






gravity: 1.2 


specific gravity of 1.2 


»» 


2 
/r. biX/om 




Solutio Calcii chloraci 


Solutio Calcii chlorati 


379 


13 

/r. bottom 


in 9 parts 


in 19 parts 


382 


12 


Solution Kali 


Solutio Kali 


386 


29 


usta 


ustura 


398 


26 




'.^?06.9 


206.9 



An English Translation of the Japanese FharmacopoBia, printed 
September 23, 1907 and published September 26, 1907. 

JPiHee in Tokyo 7. Ten. (all riglits reserved) 

Published and Copyright taken by Tadasu Yamada, the manager and 
the representative of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. — No. 8, 
Shimomiyabi'c/iP, Ushigome-km, Tokyo, Japan. 

Printed by SojiurG Nomura, representing The Tokyo Tsukiji Type 
Foundry, Ltd. — No, //, Tsukiji\ 2-chome, Kyobashi-ku, Tokyo, 

Sold by 2. P. Naruya ^ Co«, VXd.^Tbkyo, Osaka &* Kyoto., and 



NOTICE. 



Neither the Pharmaoeutical Society of Japan nor the translator is re- 
sponsible for any loss, damage, or controversy which may arise either from 
any misinterpretation of the original Japanese Pharmacopoeia or from any 
errors which may occnr in the printing. 

All corrections and suggestions will be thankfully received. 





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