Full text of "Phegea"
VLAAIMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE
Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksein I ISSN 0771-5277
Periode: juli - augustus - september 2003 Erkenningsnr. P209674
Redactie; Dr. J-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford. Fngland), Dr. K. Maes (Gent), Dr. K. Maitens (Brussel), H.
van Oorschot (Amsterdam), D. van der Poorten (Antwerpen), W. O. De Prins (Antwerpen).
Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (Belgium).
e-mail: willy.deprins(^antwerpen.be.
Jaargang 3 1 , nummer 3 1 september 2003
Aanvullende gegevens betreffende de families
Melittidae en Megachilidae in België (Hym
Aculeata)
Karei Janssens
Abstract. Additional data concerning the families Melittidae and Megachilidae in Be
(Hymenoptera; Aculeata)
The author reports on records of Melittidae and Megachilidae in Belgium from various sources.
Most of the records are from the province of Antwerp. from which many species are mentioned
here for the ilrst time.
Résumé. Notes additionnelles concernant les families de Melittidae et Megachilidae en
Belgique (Hymenoptera; Aculeata)
F’auteur donne une liste de Melittidae et Megachilidae de Belgique originaire de diverses
sources. La plupart des observations sont faites dans la province d'Anvers, en mentionnant
plusieures espèces nouvelles pour cette province.
Key words: Melittidae - Megachilidae - faunistics - Belgium - Antwerpen.
.lanssens, K.: Korte Leemstraat 15A. B-2000 Antwerpen.
Als aanvulling op mijn eerder gepublieeerde lijst waarnemingen van
Hymenoptera (Janssens 1981) volgt hier een verdere lijst in tabelvorm van de
Melittidae en Megachilidae uit België. De meeste waargenomen soorten zijn vrij
algemeen tot algemeen verspreid in België (Enckels s.a., Leclercq 1971, 1982).
Toch zijn enkele soorten, voor zover ik kon nagaan, nog niet eerder vermeld uit
de provincie Antwerpen, nk: AnthicUum wanicatunu Stelis breviusciila, Stelis
phaeoptera, Chelostoina ccunpanulariim, Osniia adimca, Osmia fulviventris.
Megachile ericetoriim, Megachile ligniseca en Coe/ioxys inermis.
In de tabellen zijn de waarnemingen chronologisch gerangschikt. De
systematiek en nomenclatuur zijn volgens Fitton et cd. ( 1 978).
Phegean (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 81
IMelittidae
Dusypoda hirüpes Fabricius, 1793
Merksem
Antwerpen
06.06.1954
1$
leg. M. Claes.
Antwerpen
t»
24.08.1961
2c^
"Wilrijkse Plein".
Bevel
ft
07.07.1963
2$
Bij nesten in zandgroeve.
Bevel
n
08.08.1963
1?
Bij nesten in zandgroeve.
Bevel
n
23.07.1964
1?
Bij nesten in zandgroeve.
Villers-Tortrue
Luxemburg
26.07.1966
I(?
leg. C. Segers.
Antwerpen
Antwerpen
01.08.1970
I(^
In stadstuintje.
Kessel
n
19.07.1975
2(?
"Kesselse Heide".
Antwerpen
M
25.06.1976
1$
In stadstuintje.
Zwijndrecht
ft
02.08.1985
1(5
leg. B. Maes.
Macropis lahiata Fabricius, 1804
Peerdsbos
Antwerpen
04.08.1917
1$
leg. F. Bastin.
Kessel
Antwerpen
01.08.1970
1?
Bij nest tussen mos.
Kessel
II
05.08.1970
1$
Bij nest tussen mos.
Bedaar
n
23.07.1972
1$
In tuin.
Linkeroever
M
31.08.1979
1$
Op Asfer Iripo/ium.
Beiiaar
11
19.08.1977
1$
Op Cirsiiim arvense.
Peerdsbos
1f
16.08.1984
3$
Verzameld in een vochtig weiland
op Lysiimichia vulgaris, in totaal 40
ex. waargenomen (Koen Janssens).
Peerdsbos
1f
29.08.1984
1$
Idem
Ethe
Luxemburg
23.08.1984
1$
leg. C. Segers.
B er laar
Antwerpen
12.07.1987
1$
In tuin.
Megachilidae
Anthidium nuinicatum Linnaeus,
Merksem Antwerpen
1758
06.06.1954
1(5
leg. M. Claes.
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
05.08.1965
19
leg. C. Segers
Rochefort
Namen
08.07.1973
19
leg. C. Segers
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
10.07.1976
1(5
leg. C. Segers
Mussy-la-Ville
n
19.07.1977
1(5
leg. C. Segers,
Berlaar
Antwerpen
1 1.07.1979
39
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
27.07.1983
1(5
leg. C. Segers,
Berlaar
Antwerpen
29.07.1984
19
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
01.08.1984
1(5
leg. C. Segers,
Berlaar
Antwerpen
14.07.1985
6(5
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
04.07.1987
19
leg. C. Segers,
Mussy-la-Ville
fi
24.07.1987
19
leg. C. Segers,
Phc^eaT^X (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 82
Anthidium ohlongatum Illiger, 1806
Miissy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
30.07.1970
1?
leg. C. Segers.
Miissy-la-Ville
M
08.07.1977
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Ethe
M
26.07.1977
1?
leg. C. Segers.
Miissy-la-Ville
tt
17.07.1978
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Mussy-!a-Ville
tt
24.07.1978 1
1 leg. C. Segers.
Miissy-la-Ville
Tf
05.07.1979
leg. C. Segers.
Ethe
\\
27.07.1980
1(^
leg. C. Segers.
Miissy-la-Ville
tf
10.07.1985
leg. C. Segers.
Anthidium sirigutum Panzer, 1805
Ethe (Rabais)
Luxemburg
17.08.1969
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Hodister
M
03.08.1977
1$
Stelis breviiiscula Nylaiuler, 1848
Berlaar
Antwerpen
21.07.1972
1?
Elodister
Luxemburg
03.08.1977
2$
Stelis jyhaeoptera
Kirby, 1802
Berlaar
Antwerpen
23.07.1972
1$
Berlaar
i»
19.07.1981
1?
Heriades trunconun Linnaeus, 1758
Algemene soort.
Waargenomen op
Chrysüutheimmi
leiicaulhemiim en Campanula te Berlaar,
Mortsel, Sint-.[ob-in't-Goor, Wechelderzande (Antweipen), Elamme (Oost-Vlaanderen) en Eaplaigne
(Henegouwen), mannetjes van 14 Juni
tot 1 5 augustus en wijtjes van 1 8 juni tot 1 9 augustus.
Chelostoimi cumpnnularum Kirby, 1802
Mortsel
Antwerpen
28.07.1981
2^2
Op Campanula in tuin.
Mortsel
tf
17.07.1985
4V
Op Campanula in tuin.
Mortsel
tf
21.07.1986
4?
Op Campanula in tuin.
Mortsel
Antwerpen
21.07.1987
Hamme
O.-Vlaanderen
29.06.1993
1?
leg. M. Claes.
Antwerpen
Antwerpen
01.07.1997
b-?
In stadstuintje.
Chelostoma florisomne Linnaeiis, 1758
Hamerenne
Namen
07.06.1970
1$
leg. F. Verbeelen.
Olmen
Antwerpen
02.06.1974
19
Ekeren
M
12.06.1984
1$
leg. .loris Janssens.
Chelostoma rapuncuH hepeXeüer, 1841 (= Eriades fuUginosum Panzer, 1798)
Gestel
Antwerpen
29.07.1962
Ekeren
ff
29.07.1966
1?
Mortsel
tf
15.06.1969
E9
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
12.07.1970
1$
leg. C. Segers.
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 83
Berlaar
Antwerpen
07.07.1974
1$
Mortsel
14.07.1974
1$
Mortsel
»f
28.07.1981
1$
Op Campanula.
Mortsel
tf
17.07.1985
1$
Berlaar
M
21.06.1986
Ic^'
Berlaar
M
12.07.1987
1(5'
Mortsel
M
21.07.1987
1(5
Osmin adunca Panzer, 1798
Oorderen
Antwerpen
08.07.1982
1$
Natuurreservaat "De Kuifeend", leg.
Joris Janssens.
Osmin niirulentn Panzer, 1799
Godinne
Namen
19.05.1963
1(5
Osmin hicolor Schrank, 1781
Hamerenne
Namen
07.06.1970
1?
Nest in slakkenhuisje, leg. F.
Verbeelen.
Osmin coeruiescens Linnaus, 1758
Sint-Job-in't-Goor
Antwerpen
01.05.1971
1(5
Berlaar
11
02.05.1971
3(5
Berlaar
11
13.06.1971
2(5
Berlaar
11
04.07.1971
1?
Op Lobelia.
Berlaar
11
07.07.1974
2(5
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
08307.1977
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Mussy-la-Ville
11
23.07.1983
19
leg. C. Segers.
Berlaar
Antwerpen
14.07.1985
19
Osmin connitn Latreille, 1805
Deurne
Antwerpen
09.04.1952
1(5
"Ter Rivierenhof'.
Berchem
11
08.04.1954
19
Antwerpen
11
28.04.1954
19
Beveren
0.- Vlaanderen
06.04.1976
leg. ET Maes.
Westeiio
Antwerpen
07.04.1978
19
leg. R. De Jonghe.
Berlaar
11
06.04.1980
2(5
Op Ribes.
Ekeren
II
13.04.1984
19
"Oude Landen", op Salix, leg. Joris
Janssens.
Ekeren
11
14.04.1984
39
Idem
Berlaar
11
15.04.1984
1(5
Berlaar
11
16.05.1985
19
Bij nest in muurholte.
Berlaar
11
03.04.1988
19
Antwerpen
11
23.03.1991
19
Op Muscari.
'1 reignes
Namen
14.04.1992
19
leg. 1. Büscher.
Mechelen
Antwerpen
15.03.1993
69
Op Calluna.
Linkeroever
II
15.03.1993
19
leg. J. Bruers.
Phe^ea 31 (3) ( 1
.IX.2003): 84
Antwerpen "
Osmia fulviventris Panzer, 1798
22.03.1997
1?
Op Muscari in stadstuintje.
Berlaar
Antwerpen
07.07.1968
I?
Mortsel
31.07.1972
1?
Neuville-en-
Condroz
Luik
10.06.1978
16'
Berlaar
Antwerpen
17.06.1984
1?
Osmia nifa Liiinaeus, 1758
Zeer algemeen. Waargenomen te Antwerpen, Antwerpen-Linkeroever, Beerse. Berlaar, Bevel,
Borgerhoiit, Deurne, Ekeren, Geel, Haasdonk, Herentals, Mechelen, Merksem, Mortsel, Ranst,
Stabroek, Westerlo, Wilrijk, Zwijndrecht (Antwerpen), Anseremme (Namen), Mussy-la-Ville
(Luxemburg), Sinaai-Waas (Oost- Vlaanderen) en Vlameilinge (West- Vlaanderen). Mannetjes van 17
maart tot 30 mei, vrouwtjes van 30 maart tot 31 mei, vliegend op Chelidoniimu Crataegiis, Muscan\
Prunus, Ribes, Rosa en Tussilugo.
MegachUe ericetorum Lepeletier, 1841
Berlaar
Antwerpen
25.07.1968
19
Mortsel
01.07.1973
b6
Berlaar
11
24.07.1973
1(6
Berlaar
11
07.07.1974
16'
Berlaar
11
12.07.1975
29
Berlaar
11
12.07.1987
2c6
Op Glycine.
MegachUe centuncularis Linnaeus, 1758
Algemeen. Waargenomen te Berlaar, Hoboken, Mortsel (Antwerpen), Godinne (Namen), Mussy-la-
Ville (Luxemburg).
MegachUe cireitmcincta Kirby, 1 802
Brasschaat
Antwerpen
20.05.1971
19
MegachUe ligniseca Kirby, 1802
Mortsel
Antwerpen
12.08.1973
'9
”HofSavelkoel".
Mortsel
11
29.06.1975
26'
"HofSavelkoel".
MegachUe wUloughbiella Kirby, 1802
Antwerpen
Antwerpen
01.07.1953
19
Hoboken
11
20.05.1959
E6
"Hobokense Polder", leg. L. Peeter*
Antwerpen
11
11.06.1966
19
Antwerpen
11
15.06.1969
2-6
"Wilrijkse Plein".
Berlaar
11
07.07.1975
19
Antwerpen
11
14.07.1995
19
Stadstuintje, op Campanula.
Antwerpen
11
15.07.1995
19
Stadstuintje, op Campanula.
Antwerpen
11
19.07.1995
19
Stadstuintje, op Campanula.
Antwerpen
11
16.05.1997
16
Stadstuintje, op Campanula.
Phegea3\ (3) ( l.IX.2003): 85
Coeüoxys aurolimbata Förster, 1853
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
15.08.1964
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Mussy-la-Ville
14.07.1985
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Coelioxys inennis Kirby, 1802
Mussy-la-Ville
Luxemburg
07.07.1970
1$
leg. C. Segers.
Mortsel
Antwerpen
06.07.1975
Ic^
"HofSavelkoel"
Berlaar
n
15.08.1976
2$
Literatuur
Enckels, R., s. a.. Bloemenbezoekende bijen en wespen. — Biokosmos nr. 26, Oude God, Mortsel.
Fitton, M. G„ de V. Graham, M. W. R„ Boucek, Z. R. J„ Fergiisson, N. D. M., Fluddleston, T.,
Quinlan, J. & Richards, O. W„ 1978. Hymenoptera. - In; Kloet, G. S. & Hincks, W. D.,
Handhooks for the Identification of British Insecis. A Checklist of British Insects, volume XI,
Part 4, 1 59 pp.
.lanssens, K., 1981. Enkele notities over Hymenoptera uit de Gaume en aangrenzend gebied. —
Phegea 9{\): 1-8.
Leclercq, J., 1971 . Atlas provisoire des insectes de Belgique, cartes 535-546. — Faculté des Sciences
agronomiques de 1'Etat, Gembloux.
Leclercq, .1., 1982. Atlas provisoire des insectes de Belgique, cartes 1757-1780, 1786-1800. —
Faculté des Sciences agronomiques de 1'Etat, Gembloux.
Phegea 3\ (3) (1 .IX.2003): 86
Foul* new species for the Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera:
Lyonetiidae, Coleophoridae, Pterophoridae)
Willy De Prins
Samenvatting. Enkele nieuwe soorten voor de Belgische fauna (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae.
Coleophoridae, Pterophoridae)
De auteur vermeldt vier nieuwe soorten voor de Belgische fauna; Lyoiie/ia pninifolielku
Coleophora luUvipeimis Zeiler, 1839, C. fuscocuprella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 en Psebiophorus
heterodaclyhis ( M ül Ier, 1764).
Résumé. Otielques nouvelles espèces pour la faune beige (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae,
Coleophoridae, Pterophoridae)
L’auteur mentionne quatre espèces nouvelles pour la faune beige: Lyonefia primifoUeUa,
Coleophora mihipenuis Zeiler, 1839, C. fuscocuprella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 et Fseluophorus
heterodaclyhis (Muller, 1764).
Keywords: Belgium - faunistics - Lyonefia prunifoliella - Coleophora milvipennis -
Coleophora fuscocuprella - Pselnophorus heterodactyla - new records.
De Prins, W.: 'Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (w'illy.deprins(fl)antwerpen.be).
Lyonetia primifoUella (Hübner, 1796)
One specimen was caught by sweeping lower vegetation and bushes of
Crataegus mojiogy'ua Jacq. and Primus spinosa L. at Lessive (province of
Namur, Belgium) on 01 .lune 1997, leg. & coll. W. De Prins. This is the first
confirmed record of this species from Belgium. It should he included in the
"Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of BelgiuuP (De Prins 1998) just after Lyonetia
clerkella (p. 52). The adults are at once distinguishable from the much more
common Lyonetia clerkella (Linnaeus, 1758) by the oblique fascia on the inner
margin of the forew'ings (see figs. 1 and 2).
The Palaearctic species occurs throughout Europe and Asia Minor and
reaches Japan (Emmet 1985: 224). Baraniak (1996; 63) mentions 20 European
countries, among which Belgium. The source of that record could not be traced.
The species has not been recorded from the Netherlands or from Luxemburg. In
Germany, it is mentioned from 7 Bundeslander, but only in Saarland and
Brandenburg it has been found after 1980 (Gaedike & Heinicke 1999: 59). In
France, the species has been recorded from 15 departments, mainly in the central
area of the country (Lhomme 1946-1963: 1071). It is a very local species in
Great Britain but not observed there anymore since about 1900 (Emmet 1985:
224).
The Caterpillar lives on the leaf underside of several Rosaceae, including
Prunus spinosa, Crataegus sp., Malus sp., Cotoneaster sp., Sorbus sp., Cydonia
sp., and Mespilus sp., and additionally it has been found on Betula sp.
(Betulaceae) (Lhomme 1946-1963: 1072, Emmet 1985: 224).
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 87
Coleophora milvipennis Zeiler, 1839
One specimen was caught on light on 19. Vil. 2002 in the nature domain
Dombergheide (province of Antwerpen, Belgium), leg. J. & W. De Prins (det. H.
W. van der Wolf) (fig. 3). This is the first record for the Belgian fauna. The
species should be included in the Belgian Catalogue (De Prins 1998) on p. 65
just after Coleophora flavipenneUa (Duponchel, 1843).
This Palaearctic species occurs in Europe, Turkey, Asia Minor till Japan
(Emmet et al. 1996; 220). In Europe, it is recorded from 22 countries
(Baldizzone 1996: 85). Kuchlein (1993: 212) mentions the species from 10
Dutch provinces. In France, C. milvipennis has not been observed frequently.
Lhomme (1946-1963; 890) mentions it from 7 departments. In Germany, it is
known from all Bundeslander (Gaedike & Eleinicke 1999: 68). In Great Britain,
the species is widespread in England northwards to Yorkshire, North Wales,
central Schotland and the Highlands (Emmet et al. 1996: 220).
Probably the species has been confused with Coleophora alnifoliae Barasch,
1934, which has been mentioned from the provinces of Antwerpen and Elainaut
and of which the larvae feeds on Alnus sp. The Caterpillar of C. milvipennis lives
on Betula sp. (Emmet et al. 1996: 220); it may occasionally also occurs on
Carpinns betulus L. (Emmet et al. 1996: 220) and Myrica gale E. (Lhomme
1946-1963: 890). A re-examination of the available material in the collections is
needed to establish the occuiTence of both species in Belgium.
Coleophora fuscocuprella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855
One specimen was caught on 27. V. 1999 at Olloy-sur-Viroin (province of
Namur, Belgium), leg. and det. Tl. W. van der Wolf, coll. W. De Prins (fig. 4).
The species is recorded here for the first time from Belgium. It should be
included in the Belgian Catalogue (De Prins 1998) on p. 65 just after
Coleophora cornutella Herrich-Schaffer, 1861.
The species has probably been overlooked in the past as it is not very rare in
the adjacent countries. Kuchlein (1993: 213) mentions it from 4 Dutch
provinces, Lhomme (1946-1963: 880) writes that it is rarely observed, and
mentiones 4 departments: Cher, Gironde, Seine-et-Loise, and Vosges. In
Germany, it is known from all Bundeslander, except from Rheinland-Pfalz
(Gaedike & Heinicke 1999: 69). In Great Britain, the species is known from the
Southern counties, from Hampshire to Kent, and from Wales (Emmet et al. 1996:
228).
The Caterpillar feeds mainly on Corylus avellana L., a very common species
in Belgium, and it is also mentioned from Betula sp., especially saplings of B.
puhescens Ehrh. and Carpinns betulus L. (Kuchlein 1993: 213, Emmet et al.
1996: 228).
Pselnophorus heterodactyla (Müller, 1764)
A Caterpillar of Pselnophorus heterodactyla was found pupating on the trunk
of Pinus sylvestris L. at Chantemelle (province of Luxemburg, Belgium) on
17.V.2000. The adult emerged on 27.V.2000, leg. et coll. W. De Prins (fig. 5).
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 88
Plate 1
Figs. 1-5: 1 - Lyonetia clerkella (Linnaeiis. I 758), Belgium, Province of Antwerpen, Tongeiio, mine
19.V.I998, e.l. Malus sy/vestris L. 02.VI.I998, leg. W. De Prins; 2 - Lyonetia prunifoliella (Hübner,
1796), Belgium, Province of Namur, Lessive, 01. VI. 1997, leg. W. De Prins; 3.- Coleoplwra
«?/7i7/7é'/////.v Zeiler. 1839. Belgium, Province of Antwerpen. Turnhout, Dombergheide, 19. VII. 2003,
leg. ,). & W. De Prins; 4.- Coleophora fuscociiprella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855. Belgium, Province of
Namur, Olloy-sur-Viroin. 27.V.1999, leg. H. W. van der Wolf; 5- Pseliwpliorns heterodactyla
(Muller, 1764). Belgium, Province of Lu.xemburg, Chantemelle, larva 17. V. 2000, imago 27. V. 2000.
leg. W. De Prins. (Photographs; .lurate De Prins).
Phegea3>\ (3) ( I.IX.2003): 89
The species has been mentioned from Belgium before without any locality
(De Prins 1983: 25) due to a misinterpretation of the record of "O.
heterodactylus Villiers (1789)" in Lhomme (1935-1946: 179). It was not
included in de ''Catalogue of the Lepidoptero of Belghmf (De Prins 1998: 109),
because no Belgian specimens could be found in collections. This is therefore
the first confirmed record of the species from Belgium. It should be in the
catalogue just after MerrifieJdia baliodactyliis (Zeiler, 1841) on p. 108.
It is widespread in Europe (24 coimtries are listed), eastwards till Ula'aine
and Kazachstan (Gielis 1996: 88, 2003: 72). In the Netherlands only two old
records are known from Zuid-Holland and Gelderland (Kuchlein 1993: 235). In
Germany the species is recorded from 9 Bundeslander (Gaedike & Heinicke
1999: 235). In France it is mainly known from montainous regions (Lhomme
1935-1946: 189). In Great Britain it is "an exceedingly local species", recorded
from Gloustershire, Norfolk, Perthshire, Cumberland, and Aberdeen (Beirne
1954:181).
The Caterpillar lives on Mycelis muralis L., Prenanthes purpurea L. and
Lapsana communis L. (Gielis 1996: 88).
References
Baldizzone, G., 1996. Coleophoridae. In: Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J.: The Lepidoptera of Europe. A
Distributional Checklist. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp. (pp. 84-95).
Baraniak, E„ 1996. Lyonetiidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J.: The Lepidoptera of Europe. A
Distributional Checklist. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 380 pp. (pp. 62-63).
Beirne, B. P., 1954. British Pyralid and Pliime Moths. — Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., London, New
York, 208 pp., 16 colour plates.
De Prins, W., 1983. Systematische naamlijst van de Belgische Lepidoptera. — Entoiuobrochure 4,
Antwerpen, 57 pp.
De Prins, W., 1998. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. — Studiedocumenten van het K.B.I.N.
92: 1-236.
Lmmet, A. M., 1985. Lyonetiidae. In: Heath, J. & Lmmet, A. M. (eds.): The Moths and Biitterflies of
Great Britain and Irelund. Volume 2. Cossidae - Heliodlnidae. — Harley Books Ltd., Great
Horkesley, 460 pp., 1 4 plates ( 12 in colour) (pp. 2 1 2-239).
Lmmet, A. M., Langmeid, J. R., Bland, K. P., Corley, M. F. V. & Razowski, J., 1996. Coleophoridae.
In: Lmmet, A. M. (ed.): The Moths and Biitter/lies of Great Britain and Irekmd. Volume 3;
Yponomeiitidae - Elachistidae. - Harley Books Ltd., Great Horkesley, 452 pp., 17 plates (9 in
colour) (pp. 126-338).
Gaedike, R. & Heinicke, W., 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. — Lntomofauna
Germanica 3, Entomologische Nachrichten iind Berichte, Beiheft 5: 1-216.
Gielis, C., 1996. Microlepidoptera of Europe 1. Pterophoridae. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 222 pp.,
1 6 colour plates.
Gielis, C., 2003. World Catalogue of hisects. Volume 4. Pterophoroidea (k Alucitoidea
(Lepidoptera). — Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 198 pp.
Kuchlein, J. H., 1993. De kleine vlinders. Handboek voor de faunistiek van de Nederlandse
Microlepidoptera. — Poduc, Wageningen, 715 pp.
Lhomme, L., 1935-1946. Catalogue des Lépidoptères de France et de Belgique. Volume II.
Microlépidoptères (F’ fascicule). Crambidae (Pyralidae)-Lucosmidae. — Le Carriol, par
Douelle (Lot), pp. 1-487.
Lhomme, 1.., 1946-1963. Catalogue des Lépidoptères de France et de Belgique. Volume II.
Microlépidoptères fascicule). Tineina (Orneodidae-Micropterygidae). — Le Carriol, par
Douelle (Lot), pp. 489-1253.
PhegeuM (3)(1.IX.2003): 90
Deflnition of subgenera and a reassessment of species
groups of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera:
Torymidae), based on Palaearctic material
A. Zavada
Abstract. Five subgenera, Callimonnis Tliomson, Lioterphus Thomson, Arcforynius subgen.
n., Aretoiymus subgen. nov., and Torymus s. str. are recognized for Palaearctic species of the
genus Torymus Dalman. Concepts of Callimomus and Lioterphus are revised and extended
against previously adopted concepts of these taxa as separate genera. Several unceitain
placements of recently described species in Graham’s species groups are corrected. These groups
are reassessed and those preserved are provided with updated descriptions. A key is given to
subgenera and species groups. One species {T. drewseui Zavada) is synonymized.
Samenvatting. Definitie van subgenera en vaststelling van soortengroepen in Torymus
(Hymenoptera: Torymidae), gebaseerd op Palaearctisch materiaal
In het genus Torymus Dalman worden vijf subgenera onderscheiden voor de Palaearctische
soorten: Callimomus Thomson, Lioterphus Thomson, Arctorymus subgen. n., Aretorymus
subgen. nov., en Torymus s. str. Opvattingen o\q\' Callimomus en Lioterphus worden herbekeken
en uitgebreid tegenover eerder aangekomen concepten van deze taxa als afzonderlijke genera.
Verschillende onzekere plaatsingen van recent beschreven soorten in de soortengroepen volgens
Graham worden verbeterd. Deze groepen worden opnieuw ingedeeld en de behouden groepen
worden herbeschreven. Een determineersleutel wordt gegeven voor de subgenera en de
soortengroepen. Eén soort [T. drewseni Zavada) wordt gesynonymiseerd.
Résumé. Définition des sous-genres et défmition des groupes d'espèces de Torymus
(Hymenoptera: Torymidae), basé sur du matériel paléarctique
Dans Ie genre Torymus Dalman, cinq sous-genres pour les espèces paléarctiques sont acceptés:
Callimomus Thomson, Lioterphus Thomson, Arctorymus subgen. n., Aretorymus subgen. nov., et
Torymus s. str. Ees concepts de Callimomus et Lioterphus sont revisés et changés contre des
concepts auparavant acceptés pour ces taxa comme genres séparés. Ee placement de plusieurs
espèces, mises avec inceititude dans les groupes d'espèces de Graham, est correcté. Ces groupes
sont revisés et les groupes préservés sont décrits a nouveau. Une clé de détermination est donnée
pour les sous-genres et les groupes d'espèces. Une espèce {T. drewseni Zavada) est mise en
synonymie.
Keywords: Torymus - subgenera - new subgenera - species groups - Palaearctic - key.
Zavada, A.: University of Groningen, Dept. of Animal Behaviour / BCN, P.0. Box 14. NE-9750
AA Haren, The Netherlands, a.zavada(@biol. rug.nl.
Preface
In the present paper, the species groups as defined (in part) in Graham (1994)
and understood in Graham & Gijswijt (1998) are reassessed for the same scope
of species, and essential implications of this reassessment are drawn to prepare
defmitions of subgenera of this large Holarctic genus.
This Work does not meet in full the aims suggested by the title, Nearctic one-
fourth of the specific diversity of the genus being inaccessible to me, nor is it
concerned with aspects of specific biology, host-relationship, and distribution.
Although the characters selected, so far as the reading of Grisselfs (1976)
revision afforded, have been checked for consistency against Nearctic species
groups, an extension of subgeneric concepts proposed here could not be
Phegea2>\ (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 91
confidently made so as to include Nearctic fauna. However, Palearctic material
does provide enough distinct species to establish several subgenera. Two of
them retain generic names of former allied genera, i.e., CaUimomiis and
Lioterphus, of which neither bas purely Nearctic species.
The genus Torymus Dalman is recognized as the single Palearctic genus in
the tribe Torymini, following GrisselPs (1995) defmition of the tribe as having
sinuate metapleural suture, this character being the single autapomorphy of the
genus.
Previous attempts at subgeneric classification of Torymus
Graham & Gijswijt (1998) have proposed 13 species groups and 5 species
solae in their revision of Palearctic species of Torymus Dalman. This revision
came as the result of a more than thirty-year-long study and, apart from the fmal
achievement of nomenclatural order (as many as 67 names have been
synonymized in addition to almost as many introduced by Eady (1959)) and the
long-anticipated synonymy of Diomonis with Torymus, it was the first time that
a new subdivision of the Palearctic species of the genus had been attempted.
Graham and Gijswijt, nevertheless, did not find it necessary to recognize
former genera as subgenera, which in part was justified by the deficiency of
current concepts for some of them (notably for Syntomaspis). By that time, also,
several new species have been described {e.g. T austriacus Graham) whose
morphologies required a revised character set to be used in definitions of
whatever subgenera there may be. A cautious view on subgeneric limits was
only proper at that stage.
Many chalcidologists have been content with unsettled subgeneric
classification of Torymus. The names of four former genera have been readily
referred to as provisional substitution names of subgenera, when a need should
arise, or, alternatively, the names of Graham’ s species groups have been used,
for example, to identify the relationship of a newly described species.
Papers dealing with Torymus are reviewed in detail in Graham & Gijswijt
(1998). A brief discussion of some recent publications, with special regard to the
genus Diomonis Walker, follows.
Graham (1992) was the last publication where Diomonis is recognized as a
separate genus; the author gave a key to distinguish the two genera, but he had
already been at a loss for a single, principal character that all species of
Diomonis possessed and none species of Torymus did. He had to recourse to
characters of sculpture (such as rugosity on vertex and punctures along
intersternal suture) to preserve Diomonis, and it was clear that a good generic
conception for Diomonis cannot rest on differences in sculpture. Graham also
split the three species of Diomorus in two species groups.
Boucek published (1996) an important paper with the descriptions of (only)
two species of Torymus. One of them, T. pulcher Boucek, has a conspicuous,
though small, tooth on hind femur, although it runs to Torymus in Graham’ s key.
Zerova & Seryogina (1991) had earlier described (in Russian) this species under
Phegea2>\ (3) ( l.IX.2003): 92
a different name {konojiovoe), but that paper apparently remained unknown to
Boucek. Their synonymy followed up in Zerova, Seryogina, Zavada (2000).
Grissell (1995) did not alter taxonomie status of Diomorus, stating that
Diomoriis is close to Torywus and that Liolerphus and Syntomaspis have long
been regarded as subgenera by the European authors (Boucek & Graham, 1978a,
b). Identification labels of Graham’s and Gijswijt's suggest the same.
Geographic coverage
The material studied includes about 2,000 specimens of 102 species (of 168
known) from Western Europe, European part of Russi a, Ukraine, Caucasus,
Central Asia, and Far East of Russia.
Under the titles of each subgenus or species group below, I have listed the
materials examined. The depositories are stated except where they are not
certainly known to me on the date of the present paper’s submission (their label
data are transcribed from my earlier notes).
Glimpses of material from Central Asia suggest an endemic fauna with
pecLiliar forms that do not fit into species groups established on European
material. Further studies of Mongolian material (available in European
museums, so far as 1 know, from the Hungarian Natural History Museum,
Budapest) as well as material from other localities extralimital to Europe may
help produce clearer concepts of the subgenera and of the genus itself
Depositories
NNML Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Leiden, The Netherlands
SIZK Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
ZMAN Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, afdeling Entomologie, The
Netherlands
ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Key to subgenera and species gronps of Toiynuis Dalman,
based on Palaearctic material
The text in brackets is additional characters, not necessarily exclusive to the
taxon referred. These characters are included to aid recognition only, and are not
matched in the corresponding alternative part of couplet.
1. ScLitelkim with concentric costulae that spread continuously onto distinctly delimited frenum.
Stigma small and sessile (fig. 11): PM is distinctly narrower than M near Junctiire of ST.
Metepisternal calliis smooth, not dilTering in sciilptiire from propodeum. [Venation pale; disc
very sparsely pilose. All legs except tips of tibiae and tarsi, with metallic sheen, concolorous
with the body.J subgenus subgen. n.
- Scutellum without such concentric costulae. Stigma petiolate: M and PM subequal in breadth
near Juncture of ST. Metepisternal callus rough, or more rough than propodeum. [Frenum
delimited or not.] 2
2. Mandibles with 2 teeth (figs. 4-5). Anterior margin of hind coxa angulate in lateral view
(figs. 1-3). Propodeum forms a low angle (30-40°) to longitudinal axis of body, coriaceous to
PJieyea 31 (3) ( I.IX.2003): 93
Unely reticulate. Base of scutellum pointed. Ocelli smaller; OOL more tlian 1.3 times OD. Hind
femur wilh lower outer margin carinate and more or less conspicuoiisly deviating ontward in
distal 0.6-0. 9 of its length and edentate (fig. 6). [Hind basitarsus about or more than 2.5 times
shorter than hind tibia. ST oblique, expanding. Mesepimeron as high as broad.]
3 (snbgenus Callimomus Thomson)
- Mandibles with 3 teeth. Anterior margin of hind coxa straight or very slightly angulate or evenly
CLirved in profile. Propodeum more steep. If sculpture of propodeiim as strong as above {T.
fasltiosiis Boheman) then frenal line distinct. Base of scutellum narrowly to broadly truncate. If
ocelli as small and close as above {T. iacchos Zavada) then base of scutellum not pointed and
mesepimeron almost twice as high as broad and pointed apically. If hind femur swolien then it
bears a strong tooth 4
3. Scutellum with sculpture obsolescent toward apex. F1 elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as
broad. Anterior margin of mesepimeron not straight f/w.v/nV/a/.v-group
- Scutellum with distinct sculpture throughout. Fl shorter than above. Anterior margin of
mesepimeron straight, converging with its posterior margin /r/cZ/M-group
4. Hind femur with a weak to strong tooth on lower outer margin in distal part. [Pedicellus very
short, SLibquadrate. Sensilla very short and dense.] 5
- Hind femur edentate ..8
5. M less than half the length of costal cell. Propodeum with robust, roughiy symmetrical, areolate-
rugose sculpture snbgenus Aretoiy mus subgen. n.
- M SLibequal in length to costal cell. Propodeum not with strong raised sculpture, either fmely
reticulate or smooth; in latter case, with or without longitudinal striae and submedian lines 6
6. Propodeum with submedian carinae T. arnmtus Boheman (species sola)
- Propodeum without submedian carinae 7
7. Propodeum smooth T. koiionovae (Zerova & Seryogina) (species sola)
- Propodeum fmely reticulate T. fusfiiosus Boheman (species sola)
8. Shorter hind tibial spur reduced, about half the length of longer spur with the latter not more than
apical breadth of tibia, or absent. Hind coxa slender (figs. 9-1 Ü): more than 3.5 times as long as
broad, with posterior margin virtually straight and parallel to anterior margin. [Occipital carina
barely discernible on postgenae. Sculpture on scutellum obsolescent at apex. Frenal line not
traceable.] subgenus Lioterphus Thomson
- Shorter spur present; if about 1/2 the length of longer spur, then {T. lampros Grahain, T.
pulchelliis Boheman and T. microcenis (Walker) oï chloroinerus-gvou^) hind coxa about twice
as long as broad, or {T. Jlavipes (Walker) and T. longicalcar Graham of chloroiuerus-group)
longer spur about or more than twice apical breadth of hind tibia. Hind coxa stouter; its posterior
margin curved 9
9. Propodeal foramen high (fig. 12). [Frenal line distinct.] »7//vV///\-group
- Propodeal foramen low. If intennediate (T. arwidiuis (Walker) of c7?/o/Yj/;R''/7/.s-group), then
scutellum without frenal line 10
1 0. Posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 entire. Submedian propodeal carinae distinct. c)Y///c«,v-group
- Posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 incised. Propodeum without traceable submedian carinae
11
1 1. Ocelli small: in $$ P(9L 1.3-1. 6 times OOL, OOL 1.3-1. 5 times OD, in (fcS' POL 0.8-0.9 times
OOL, OOL 2. 1-2.2 times OD. Mesepimeron pointed apically. [Sculpture on vertex extremely
I1ne.| /V/cc7/rM'-group'
- Ocelli larger and more distanced froin each other than above. Mesepimeron with apex truncate. ...
12
' Mongolian 7’. ainilarius Szelényi, 1973 most probably belongs togelher vvilb /. iacchos Za\ada. Due lo the
inadequalel) brief dcscriplion ofS/elén) i's species, a comprehensive diagnosis could nol be draw n lor the iacchos-
groLip. The condilion ol’ the ocelli o\' cmularhis. in parlicular, is iinknovvn to me; therelbre. this character as it
appcars in the key may need lo be replaced.
PhegeuM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 94
12. Propodeum with fine reticulation under which longitudinal striation is invisible. [Body with
strong coppery sheen.] T. fastuosus Boheman (species sola)
- Propodeum without reticulation, smooth or weakly striate longitudinally 13
1 3. Frenal line distinct, though weak. Propodeum weakly striate «///w/A-group
- Frenal line not traceable. Propodeum without striae, occasionally (and at most) alutaceous
medially 14
14. F1 elongate: more than 1.5 times as long as broad. Hind coxa more than 2.5 times as long as
broad. [Temples not more than 0.2 times apparent length of eye.] hederae-gnmyi
- F1 shorter. l lind coxa shorter chloromerus-gvow\>
Characters selected for definitions of subgenera
Many characters that clearly admit of gradation, although found to show no
intermediate States in the 102 species studied, are iised intentionally. Among
these the least reliable are characters expressed by ratios (c.g., short M in
relation to breadth of wing, high propodeal foramen). However, the arrangement
proposed here, supplemented by auxiliary characters such as coloration and host
preferences, appears more coherent than if 1 had chosen to discard ratios
completely.
For each of selected characters in the list below the state indicated as
‘normal’ (or that given First) is assumed to be plesiomorphic as that in which the
character is represented in the "chloromerine" morphological type. The evidence
that species group of chloromenis is a primitive one is given in the Comments
section under its title below.
A special attention and weight have been given to characters of sculpture.
Comparative studies reveal strong stability of certain types of sculpture within
groups whose common derivation is supported by other characters (for example,
apical obsolescence of sculpture in species of subgenus Lioterphus).
However, several other sculptural patterns, as large and deep piliferous
punctures, reappear in obviously distant groups, and therefore are excluded from
the main list.
As not all of these supplementaiy characters are mentioned in the following
discLission, the reader wili have to consult the papers mentioned above, and is
generally supposed to have some knowledge of the species morphology prior to
estimating the weight of each character.
Niimber of teeth on niandibles (mt): three teeth/two teeth (figs. 4-5).
Stigma (st): petiolate if M and PM are equal in breadth at the juncture of
petiolus with M and PM ■ sessile if M is broader than PM and the length of ST
cannot be measured (fig. 1 1 ). An extreme state typily ing "petiolate" is shown in
fig. 13.
Scutellum: concentric costulae (scc): absent ■ present. The concentric
costulae extending over the distinctly delimited frenuni are observed in
Arctorynnis subgen. n. and in Nearctic T. koehe/ei (Huber) and related species.
Note that in this pattern, the direction of lineations is longitudinal, thus being
different from the transversely running striation sometimes observed in other
PhegeuM (3) (I.IX.2003): 95
subgenera, and that costulae in Arctoiymus fomi a loop anteriorly,
approximately in the middle of scutellum.
Fore wing: M (M): normal if length of M is subequal to breadth of wing and
more than half the length of costal cell ■ short if it is about to, or less than, half
the breadth of wing and less than 1/3 the length of eostal cell.
Fore wing: PM (PM): normal if PM is 1/4 or less times as long as distance
from ST to apex of wing ■ long if it reaches (approximately) a point midway
between ST and apex of wing.
Metepisternal callus (c): rough if differing in sculpture (that is, more
coarsely sculptured) from propodeum and hearing numerous hairs ■ smooth if
hairs are few and the sculpture is as weak as that on propodeum.
Parastigma^ (pst): normal if equal in breadth with SC ■ swollen if distinctly
broader than (and often darker than) it (fig. 7). This measurement must be done
accurately. In some species (notably in T. fagineiis Graham) the parastigma, if
the wing is observed in dorso-posterior view, appears swollen. This is due to an
inflection of SC at itsjuncture with cubital vein, proximally to which SC is, from
this angle of view, turned aslant to the eye, and thus not showing its true breadth.
Shorter hind tibial spur (shts): present or reduced ■ absent. 1 have not
completely overcome doubts if the shorter spur is indeed absent in nitididus
(Walker) and fiiscicornis (Walker): in these species the shorter spur may be Just
as short as apical setae on hind tibia. But that it is reduced is beyond doubt.
Hind coxa (hc): nomial if less than 3.3 times as long as broad (usually 2-2.5
times) ‘ elongate if more than 3.5 times longer than broad and the dorsal and
ventral margins of the coxa run in parallel for more than half its length.
4th gastral tergite: posterior margin (gs4): emarginate (or incised) ■ entire,
on female gaster.
Propodeal foranien (pf): low if the ratio of the length of propodeum
measured in the middle to that measured half way laterad to the propodeal
spiracle is 0.8- 1.0 ■ high if this ratio is 0.6 or less (fig. 12). This character in the
modified state is accompanied by the angle of propodeum being 60-65°.
Propodeum: submedian carinae (psmc): absent ■ present. Represented as
straight and parallel grooves. This character is best expressed in T. armatus
Boheman and in species of cyaneus-gr:o\x\).
Propodeum: median earina (pmc): absent ■ present. Found, quite weakly
expressed, only in T. fastuosus Boheman. However, quite few characters in
Torymus are expressed stronger.
Auterior margiu of hind coxa (ham): not angulate (straight or evenly
curved) ■ angulate (figs. 1-3). Although based and relying largely on the
observer’s perception, this character fitly complements the isolated position of
the subgenus CaUimomus Thomson.
“ Two tcrms of similar spelling. pr(a)estigina and parastigma, have been eoncunently used to refer to the samc
slmctLire. Fortiinately. these lerms are rully interehangeable.
Phegea 31 (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): %
Fig. 1- T. igniceps Mayr $, mesosoma in lateral view; fig. 2 - T. laelus (Walker) 9- posterior part of
mesosoma in lateral view showing angiilate hind coxa; fig. 3.- T. uemorwn Boucek 9^ outline of
hind coxa in lateral view; fig. 4.- T. igniceps Mayr 9:- ieft mandible and lower margin of face in
antero-lateral view; fig. 5.- T. austriacus Graham, the same; fig. 6.- T. laetus (Walker) S, hind femur
from inside, showing deviating lower margin; fig. 7.- T. ventralis (Fonscolombe) 9- fore wing.
Phegea3>\{'i){UX2m)\ 97
10
11
Fig. 8 - T. azurens Boheman $, hind coxa; fig. 9 - T. azurens Boheman mesepiineron; fig. 10 - T.
iiitidulus (Walker) 2, hind leg; fig. 11.- T. tatianae Zavada stigma; fig. 12.- T. druparum
Bolieman propodeiim in postero-dorso-lateral view; fig. 13.- T. notatus (Walker) fore wing
venation.
Ocelli (o): normal if POLiOOL is 1. 7-2.2 and OOL:OD is 0.8-1. 3 ■ small if
POL:OOL is less than 1.5 and OOLiOD is more than 1.3. An incomplete, or
alternative, state is observed in nitididus (Walker) and fiisciconiis (Walker),
which have ocelli remarkably small, though not so closely set as is here
Linderstood by the "smallness" of ocelli. However, this is probably an aberration
of ‘normaP state caused by the small size of these species.
Ist funicular segment (Fl): normal ifFl not more than 1.2 times as long as
F2 and less than 1.5 times as long as broad ■ elongate if longer than this. This
character was used chiefly to preserve hederae-group. A 'reduced’ state, of
which the condition of proximal funicular segments in nitididus (Walker) and
fuscicornis (Walker) is strongly suggestive, is regarded differently from the
"normal/elongate" opposition.
Phegea3\ (3) ( 1 .IX.20Ü3): 98
Table 1 . Species groups and species solae of Graham & Gijswijt (1998)
mt
si
scc
M
PM
c
pst
slils
lic
gs4
pi
pmc
psmc
liani
0
F1
P
hdc
11
hll
/?//7c/////«-groiip
+
+
loeit IS -group'
+
—
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
i
-
-
-
-
-
T. armaüLS
Boheman (sp.
sola)
+
+
+
+
ct/pre^/i'-groLip
-
-
-
+
i
+
+
+
-r
T. kononovae
(Zer. & Ser.)
(incertae sedis)
+
?
+
+
uiislnacus-group
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
T. azurens
Boheman (sp.
sola)
+
+
/?6/t/6/v.s'/-group
—
+
+
—
-
+
-
-
—
+
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
?
+
-
c’V6/77(?trv-group
m
-
m
m
-
-
-
+
+
+
m
V6/r/r7/7.v- group
+
+
-
enicarum-group
T. ueiuorwn
Boucek (incertae
sedis)
+
+
hederae-group
i
+
flavipes-grov\p
-
pulcheUiis-group
T. aruudinis
(Walker) (sp.
sola)
i
T. favardi Steffan
(sp. sola)
cingii/utus-group
T. apiomyiue
Boucek &
Mihajlovic (sp.
sola)
?
?
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
?
?
9
?
?
?
?
bedeguaris-grov\p
Question mark (?) is placed where data are missing.
(i) marks an intermediate state.
(m) indicates that mixed species are incliided in that group, (i.e., species in the group vai^ in that
character).
’ Bxcepl 7'. cypricmus Graham & Gijswijt.
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 99
Table 2. Subgenera and species groups witli characters: resulting concepts
int
st
scc
M
PM
c
pst
shts
lic
gs4
Pf
pmc
psinc
liain
0
Fl
P
hdc
11
htt
subgenus
Arctoiymiis
—
+
+
—
—
+
-
—
—
+
—
—
—
—
-
—
—
?
+
-
subgenus Callimonius:
aitstriacus-
groLip
+
+
+
+
+
—
—
—
—
laetus-<g\'Ov\\)
+
+
a
T
i
—
—
—
—
—
subgenus
Lioterphiis
__
__
__
~
___
—
+
+
—
__
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
subgenus
Aretorymus
+
a
+
+
+
+
subgenus Torymus s. str.;
Boheman
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
+
+
T. kommovae
(Zero va &
Seryogina)
+
9
+
+
+
T. fastiiosus
Boheman
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+
—
—
—
—
+
—
+
c
cyaneus-group
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
varians-group
+
+
-
affinis-group
+
-
iacchos -gvoup
+
hederae-group
a
+
chloromerus-
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
b
—
—
__
_
—
—
__
__
(a) Intermediate; the final interpretation of the character's state is not decisive.
(b) Intemiediate in T. arimdinis (Walker).
Question mark (?) is placed where data are missing.
(i) marks an intermediate state.
T. apiomyiae Boucek & Mihajlovic (sp. sola) is excluded as unknown to me.
Pedicellus (p): short if siibquadrate and distinctly shorter than F1 ■ normal if
longer than this.
Hind coxa: dorsal carina (hdc): absent ■ present, sometimes displaced on
lateral surface of coxa.
Frenal line (fl): present ■ absent. This is evidently a highly homoplastic
character, being a synapomorphy of several species groups.
Hind femur: tooth (hft): absent ■ present. As the condition of this
traditionally important character in fastiiosus Boheman can hardly be
determined, I included it the last, and regard it nearly a species character, if not
unusable at all at a higher level for its homoplasticity.
Phe^eaM (3) ( I .IX.2003): 100
Discussion
In table 1 Grahanr s species groups are each tested with the set of characters
listed above. Species placed putatively in groups in Graham & Gijswijt (1998)
are listed here separately and marked as iucertae sedis.
Represented in table 2 are "natural" groups that include species with
unvarying characters, and those species which stand apart trom any such group.
Names of these groups are those of Graham & Gijswijt (1998), except that
chloromeriis- is used as an alias for bedeguaris-gxovi\). The following entities of
the cited paper are included in chloroiuenis-gxoi\'^\ flavipes-gxoxx^^ piilchellus-
groLip, erucarum-^xovi\i, cingidatus-gxou'^, and T. arundinis (Walker) and T.
favardi Steffan (species solae in that paper). For these entities established by
Graham 1 could not find any structural characters, as identical rows of zeros in
Table 1 above show, in which they should differ from chloromenis-gxox\x(i.
T. azurens Boheman (also species sola in that revision) is here included
together with tntiduhis-gxoxx'^ in the subgenus Lioterphiis.
Definition of siibgenera and species groups
In this section, the subgenera are provided with diagnoses and type-species;
preserved species groups are only described and discussed.
Subgenus Arctoiy mus subgen. n.
7'ype-species; Torynim haudysi Boucek.
Diagnosis. — Stigma sessile; scutellum with concentric costulae;
metepisternal callus smooth [as indicated in Grissell (1976)].
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma sessile; scutellum with
concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus smooth; parastigma
not swollen; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa not
elongate; posterior margin of 4th gastral tergite entire; propodeal foramen low;
median and submedian carinae not traceable on propodeum; anterior margin of
hind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 not elongate; pedicellus normal; frenal line
distinct; hind femur without tooth.
Venation pale, parastigma concolorous with proximal abscissa of SC; disc of
fore wing very sparsely pilose.
Biology. — Parasitic on Eurytomidae in grasses.
Comments. — The principal defming character of this subgenus is concentric
costulae on scutellum which spread onto the distinctly delimited frenal area
without weakening (a good SEM picture of scutellum representing this
character, in T. koebelei (ITuber), is plate 4b in Grissell ( 1976)). Notwithstanding
its superficial location, the absence of this pattem of sculpture in any other
Palearctic species of Torymus is a conclusive evidence of the monophyly of the
species included in this subgenus. Further, supporting characters, the sessile
stigma and smooth metepisternal callus, are as well unique in the genus.
PhegeuM (3)(1.1X.2003): 101
Composition. — baiidysi Boucek, tatiauae Zavada. Some (not all) species
from Nearctic tiibicola-gxow^ of Grissell (1976) belong in this subgenus
{koebelei (Huber) and related species).
Materials Examined. — T. haiidysi Boucek: 1$, RUSSIA, Leningrad, Pargolovo. Calainagrostis
epigeios coll. 2.iv.l972 ein.. v.72 (Zerova); 1$, RUSSIA, Astrakhansky res., Damchansky area,
Agropyrum repens, em. 20. v. 1976 (Zerova); 1$, UKRAINE, Danube delta, Isl. Parokhodnaya Kosa,
IO.vii.1997 (Kotenko); l(j, UKRAINE, Dunaiskie Plavni res.. Kordon Bystry, 20.vii.l997
(Kotenko); 19, UKRAINE, Odessa obl., Dunaiskie Plavni res., Isl. Kiibanu, 15.viii.l996 (Simutnik);
1(5', UKRAINE. Kiev, Theophania, ex Tetrcmiesa exiinia in stalks of Calamagrostis coli. and em.
v.1966 (NN); 29- UKRAINE, Chemomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky area, 20.vi.l970 (Zerova) (all
inSlZK).
T. lafiauae Zavada: Elolotype 9- UKRAINE, Kherson obl., Chemomorsky Res., Soleno-Ozerny area,
oalUbirch grove, 6.V.I982 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 19 paratype. UKRAINE, Lougansk obl.,
Streltzovskaya Steppe [Reseme], 10 km S v. Melovoe, 25. v. 1979, swept on Caragcma frutex (Pere-
pechaenko) (ZMAN ).
Subgenus Callimomus Thomson^
Callimomus Thomson. 1876:60, 77. Type-species Callimomus scaposiis Thomson. Designated
by Ashmead 1 904: 24 1 .
Diagnosis. — Mandible with two teeth; anterior margin of bind coxa
angulate.
Description. — Mandible with two teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum without
concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepistemal callus rough; parastigma
swollen; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa not elongate;
posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 emarginate; propodeal foramen low; median
and siibmedian carinae not traceable on propodeum; anterior margin of hind
coxa angulate; ocelli small or intermediate; F1 elongate or not; pedicellus
normal; hind coxa without dorsal carina; frenal line not traceable; hind feniur
without tooth.
Parastigma darker than SC. Propodeum sloping at a low angle, coriaceous to
fmely reticulate, occasionally with lines of rather strong rugosity in the form of
high arches abutting on posterior margin of propodeum (not identifiable as
SLibmedian carinae, the latter being straight and parallel). Base of scutellum
pointed; middle part of dorsum of thorax that includes base of mesoscutum and
scutellum, with notably low relief across sutures (as compared to species of
chloronienis-gxouy). Mesepimeron with anterior and posterior margins strongly
converging upwards, or with anterior margin converging only in upper part.
Hind basitarsLis short, more than 2.5 times shorter than hind tibia; (notably hind)
femora swollen, hind femur carinate along lower outer margin; the latter
deviating ontward from even curvature in distal 0.6-0. 9. ST strongly oblique.
Biology. — Parasitic on various Diptera in Carex species (Graham &
Gijswijt, 1998). Unknown ïox auslriaciis-gxoup.
COMMENTS. — This subgenus consists of the species of Graham’s laetiis- and
austriacus-gxoups. The main character for this subgenus is large, two-toothed
mandibles (fig. 4-5); additional supporting character is the angulate anterior
^ Accoi'ding to Grissell (pers. comm.). Callimomus was apparenlly synommized by Schmiedeknecht ( WI4), who
was the llrsl to place it ander Torymus. not stating. however. that it was a new synoiw m.
PhegeuM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 102
margin of hind coxa. Swollen parastigma is quite distinct in the species of
CaUimomus, although several other species {e.g., T. armatus Boheman, T.
fagineus Graham) have been found lo present a state somewhat approaching it.
There are two subdivisions inside this subgenus vvhich I distinguish as
species groups:
(1 ) austriacus-group: ausiriacus Graham (and possibly imperatrix Graham &
Gijswijt: I have not seen this species);
(2) laetiis-gxonp\ all the rest.
Graham & Gijswijt (1998) include in their laetus-gxoup also cypriamis
Graham & Gijswijt, //x<:7?^r/ Riischka and grahami Boucek, which species I have
not had an opportunity to examine. However, the following statement in the
description of cypricmus (p. 87) is indicative of its improper placement in laetus-
groiip: "Scutellum [with] base rounded as well as the figure of scutellum.
The other two species, according to figures and host records, may be placed in
this group with good confidence.
There are good reasons to suppose that austriacus-group is derived from
laetiis-gYoup as having: (a) accomplished small ocelli; (b)smoothed freniim;
(c) stronger sculpture on lateral surface of hind coxa.
COMPOSITIOM. — arcticus Thomson, anstriaciis Graham, chrysocephaliis
Boheman, //.sc/?er/ Ruschka, grahami Boucek, igiiiceps Mayr, laetiis (Walker),
nemoriim Boucek, regalis (Walker), scaposus (Thomson), and ventralis
(Fonscolombe).
The Nearctic genus Allotorymus Huber may, in anticipation of its synonymy
with Totyimis Dalman, supply its species to this subgenus (or vice versa), in
view of the relevant remark in Graham & Gijswijt (1998: 1 1 ):
"The Nearctic genus Allotorymiis Huber, 1927 comes VQiy near to Torymus.
lts type-species, Syutomaspis splendens Provancher, 1887 differs from Torymus
species mainly in its long, virtually parallel-sided pronotum. lts mandibles have
the form seen in the laetiis-group of Torymiis; the ocelli are very small; the
forewing has an extremely narrow costal cell; its frenum is more or less offset
and the scutellar base is pointed. These characters are partly shared by the
laetus- and austriacus- groups of Torymus A
Materials Examined. — T. arcticus Thomson: 1 RUSSIA Far East, Kunashir Isl., N. part of Yu-
Kurilsk, Golovina Bay, 145°5E50' E 40°02.50' N, boggy ineadow along Bolotnyi Ck. boggy
meadow, 4.ix. 1977 (Marusik) (SIZK).
T. üiistriaciis Graham: 2$, UKRAINE, Kiev, Novoselki, sweeping in grass under oaks, 16.vi.l984
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 2$, UKRAINE, Kiev, Eysa Hora, 3Ü.V.1995 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 5$, 2ö, 1
gynandromorph, UKRAINE, Ternopol obl., Gusiatin distr, Medobory res., 27.V.1994 (Siniavskaya)
("SIZK); 2$, UKRAINE, Askania Nova res., 8.viii.l985 (NN) (SIZK); 2ET RUSSIA, Stavropolsky
Krai, Mirny, forest hedge between fields, 14. v. 1972 (Zerova) (SIZK); 3$, iT- sanie data (ZMAN);
I MOEDAVIA, Kishinev, botanical garden, florescent grass along road, 5.vi.l967 (NN) (SIZK).
T. chrysocephalus Boheman: IT, UKRAINE, Vinnitsa obl., Trostianets distr., Sobolevsky forest
stat., Horescent grass. Bug riv., 20.vi.l966 (Zerova) (SIZK); 2(j, Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie
res., Zalivki, Hooded meadows, forest, 2l.vii.l996 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); 19- Evov obl., Yavorov
distr., Rostochie res.. road from greater bay of pond Yanovsky to riv. Stavchanka, 19-21 .vii. 1996
(Giimovsky) (ZMAN).
Phegea3\ (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 103
T. igniceps Mayr: I 9, UKRAINE, Irpen riv., sweeping in grass, 20.vi.l958 (NN) (SIZK); 1(5',
HUNGARY, Apatistvanfalvi, 30.vi.l994 (Fursov) (SIZK); 1 9, NETHERLANDS, ’t Harde,
22.x. 1977 (van Aartsen) (ZMAN).
T. laelm (Walker): I 9. UKRAINE, Kiev, Nemeshaevo, ex galis Biorhiza pallicicr , 13.vii.l974
(Zerova) (SIZK); I9, RUSSIA Far East, Sakhalin, Novoale.xandrovsk, 7-27. viii. 1 986 (Nesterov)
(SIZK); 19. 1(5'- Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., road from greater bay of pond Yanovsky
to riv. Stavchanka, 1 9-2 1 .vii. 1 996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN); 1 9, NETHERLANDS, Kunrade 5.vii. 1 992
(van Aartsen) (ZMAN); 1(5', FRANCE, Le Muy, 10.x. 1985 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. mmorum Boucek: 1 9- MOLDAVIA, Derbetsy v., 9.vi.l974 (Kononova) (SIZK); I9, UKRAINE
Zaporozhie obl., Melitopol distr., "Kaïnennaya Mogila", 12. vi. 1983 (Kotenko) (SIZK); I9-
UKRAINE, Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., road from greater bay of pond Yanovsky to riv.
Stavchanka, sweeping in riparian meadow 21 .vii. 1996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN).
T. regülis (Walker); ?3(5, UKRAINE, Khmelnitsky obl., Slavut. distr., near lake Sviatoe, boggy
forest, 20.vi.l999 (Kotenko) (SIZK); ?1 9, same data (ZMAN); 1(5', UKRAINE, Kiev, Lysaya Gora,
1 .vii. 1999 (Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. scaposus (Thomson); 1(5', UKRAINE, Volyn obl.. Kovel distr., nr. lake Liibche, 6.vi.2000
(Kotenko) (ZMAN).
T. ventralis (Fonscolombe); 19- UKRAINE, Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., border of
reserve and Stadchansky forest station, 22. vii. 1996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN); 19- HUNGARY,
Dravapalkonya, 4.x. 1973 (Heller) (SIZK); U5', ROMANIA, nr. Tulcha, clearing in forest, 18.V.I996
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 19- UKRAINE, Zakarpatskaya obl., Vinogradov distr., nr. v. Hetyna, riparian
meadow on riv. Tisa, 4.viii.l999 (Zavada) (SIZK); 1 9- Transcarpatliians, Tiachev, plains along Tisa
riv., 24.vii.1995 (Kotenko) (SIZK); I9, Carpathians, Chernogorie, forest st., 6.viii.l994 (Simutnik)
(SIZK); I 9- 2(5', Vinnitsa obl., Trostianets distr., Sobolevsky forest stat., florescent grass. Bug riv.,
20.vi.l966 (NN) (SIZK). 19- 1(5'- RUSSIA, Moscow obl., Nogin distr., v. Chernogolovka, 6.08.1992
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 1-5', Tsentralny Chernozem Reserve, Yamskoy area, 13. vii. 1981 (NN) (SIZK);
1 9, RUSSIA, Dagestan, Karadakh, 4.vi. 1 972 (Zerova) (SIZK).
Subgenus Lioterphus Thomson
Liolerphus Thomson, 1876:60, 99. Type-species: Torymus pallidicoruis Boheman (now T.
nilidulus (Walker). Designated by Ashmead 1904:241.
Torymus Dalman (in part); Grissell, 1976 (synonymy).
Diagnosis. — Shorter hind tibial spurs absent or reduced; bind coxa elongate
(figs. 8, 10).
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma not swollen; shorter hind tibial spur reduced or absent; hind coxa
elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 emarginate; propodeal foramen
low; median and submedian carinae not traceable; anterior margin of hind coxa
straight; ocelli small*’; F1 not elongate (see remarks below); pedicellus normal;
hind coxa without dorsal carina; frenal line not traceable; hind femur without
tooth.
Teguments of the body weakly sclerotized and soft (though dark, not
testaceous): mounted specimens oflen have head collapsed and rest of body
distorted. Hind coxa notably slender: more than 3.5 times as long as broad, with
weak, coriaceous sculpture on lateral surface which is devoid of punctures.
^ Apparcntly wrong.
® Althougli wide apart, which does not allow to identil'y this state with Ihat designated as "normal" in the character
list.
PhegeaM (3) (1 .IX.2003): 104
Propodeum sloping at a high angle, with very small and scarcely visible foveolae
along anterior margin. Base of scutellum broadly truncate. Mesepimeron about
twice as high as broad; scutellum with sculpture obsolescent toward apex.
Occipital carina barely discernible laterally.
In T. nitidulus (Walker) and fiiscicornis (Walker), anterior margin of male
scape is strongly produced forward, so the scape is strongly oblong in
midsection, and proximal antennal segments reduced in size, anelliform.
Biology. — Parasitic on Diptera Cecidomyiidae in catkins of Betula
{nitidulus (Walker) and fusciconiis (Walker)) and in Picea cones {azurens
Boheman).
COMMENTS. — This subgenus unites T. azurens Boheman and species of
Graham’s /?/7/V/z////x-group as sharing the following characters: ( 1 ) exceedingly
elongate and virtually parallel-sided hind coxa; (2) reduced/absent shorter hind
tibial spur; and (3) virtual absence of occipital carina on postgenae. The shorter
hind tibial spur in azurens Boheman is notably and disproportionately reduced
(barely longer than the apical setae on outer side of the tibia). and 1 regard this
condition as nearer to that seen in the other two species than to the
plesiomorphic state. An additional argument is in the evidence that the three
species have Holarctic distribution, whereas vei*y few species of Toryiuus occur
in both regions.
COMPOSITION. — azurens Boheman, fuscicornis (Walker), and nitidulus
(Walker).
Materials Examined. — T. azurens Boheman: 5'2, UK.RAINE, Carpathian res.. Kostylevka,
22.vii.1995 (Simutnik) (SIZK); 8y, 2(2, UKRAINE, Chernigov obk, d/p Trostianets, ex Picea eones,
coll. 3.iv.l969, em. 18. iv. 1970 (Smetanin) (SIZK); 2$, 1(2, Bot. garden of Acad. Sci., ex Picea
cones, 25.vi.l965 (Zemkova) (SIZK); 5$. óT. LATVIA, Dundarsky Leskhoz, Picea cones,
15.vii.1966 (Saxon) (SIZK); 19, same data (ZMAN); 1$, EITEIUANIA, Plunge, ex Picea cones,
coll. 3.1.1971, em. 10. i. 1972 (Milishauskas) (SIZK); 3$, LITHUANIA, riv. Shilute, ex Picea cones,
1972 (Milishauskas) (SIZK); 2$, 1<2, MOEDAVIA, Kapriany, garden, ex Picea cones (Cycfia
sirohilella), 1 2-1 3.v. 1971 (Plugaru) (SIZK); 44'9, 57(2, RUSSIA, Penn obk, v. Nijny Eukh, Ural I1r,
coll. I2.xi.l966, em. 15.xii.l966-l5.i.l967 (Tsybiilsky) (SIZK); I $, NETHERLANDS. Westervelde
(Dr), 20.V.1970, (van Aartsen) (ZMAN); l9, NETHERLANDS, VELP (G) 21.V.I991 (Grijpma)
(ZMAN).
T. fuscicornis (Walker): I ?, NETHEREANDS, Hilversum kalkterrein, 3.vi.l97l (Gijswijt) (ZMAN);
1(2, NETHEREANDS, Hilversum kalkterrein, 13.V.1971 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1 9, UKRAINE, Kiev,
Hydropark, 4.V.I999 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); 29, 2u, UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, iv.1968 (Zerova)
(SIZK); 69, 13(2, UKRAINE, Kiev, Bot. garden of Acad. Sci. of UkrSSR, ex birch seeds, 1966-
1968 (Zerova) (SIZK); I3'9- 1(2, UKRAINE, Chernomorsky Biosphere Reserve, Ivano-
Rybalchansky area, 24-25. v. 1991 (NN) (SIZK).
T. nitidulus (Walker): 4$, 6.2, UKRAINE, Kiev obl., Obukhov distr., v. Pluty, 25.iii.l968 (Zerova);
29, UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, iv.1968 (Zerova); 19, 9A, UKRAINE, Kiev, Bot. garden of
Acad. Sci., coll. viii.1967, em. xii. 1 967-1 9.iii. 1 968 (Zerova); 2‘9, ibid., birch seeds, 27.x. 1973
(Zemkova); 8'9, 2(2, ibid., seeds of Betula exilis, coll. 9.x. 1 966 (Zerova) (all in SIZK).
1
Subgenus Aretorymus subgen. n.
Type-species: T. calcaratus Nees.
Diagnosis. — M short; propodeum with robust, nearly symmetrical areolate-
rugose sculpture.
Phegea3\ (3) (I.IX.2003): 105
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M short; PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma nomial; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa
not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 broadly emarginate; propodeal
foramen low; median and submedian carinae not traceable on propodeum (see
remarks below); anterior margin of hind coxa not angiilate (broadly rounded);
ocelli normal; F1 not elongate; pedicellus short; hind coxa carinate dorsally;
frenal line distinct; hind femur with a strong tooth.
Body all over in large and close piliferous punctures (such punctures mark,
in particLilar, the intermesepisternal sutiire); hind femur expanded with lower
outer margin carinate, and hearing a strong tooth. Funicular segments with short
and very dense sensilla. Propodeum with robust, nearly symmetrical areolate-
rugose sculpture (so submedian carinae cannot form themselves as straight
narrow grooves over the strongly rugged surface). Lower face with a row of
what seems fused punctures running parallel to the lower margin of face at a
short distance from it. Mesepimeron high (or rather, narrow): horizontal abscissa
of metapleural suture stretches far beyond the point where anterior margin of
mesepimeron meets it.
Biology. — Parasitic on Sphecidae and Apidae in hollow sterns of Ruhiis\
also in vacated cynipid galis on Qiiercus and, most probably, in other cavities
appropriate for host nests.
COMMENTS. — This subgenus comprises two species of Dionioriis of authors.
The invention of a new name to supersede the traditional "Diomorus" was
unavoidable because the type-species of Diomorus {Diomorus nohilis Walker,
now T. armatiis Boheman) falls outside of Aretorymus subgen. n., thus
preoccupying "Diomorus" for the name of a taxon of its own.
COMPOSITION. — calcaratus Nees and cupreus (Spinola).
Materials Examined. — T. calcaratus Nees: ly, UKRAINE, Kiev, gardens, 18. vi. 1972
(Marincheiiko) (SIZK); 1 ARMENIA, pr. Eriwan, Mus. Armen. JNo|l-24 (Schelkovnikow)
(SIZK): 1$, MOLDAVIA, Kishinev, IO.vi.1960 (V. Talitzky) (SIZK); 1$. FRANCE, Fontaine de
Vaucluse, I9.vi.l981, (Tschorsnig) (SIZK); 1$, NETHERLANDS, St. Pietersberg, 13.vii.l995 (v.
Aartsen) (ZMAN); Ic?, FRANCE, Dept. Vaucluse, Malaucene l.viii.1973 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. cupreus (Spinola): LA RUSSIA, Rostov obl., Aksaysky distr., v. F^assvet, 2.viii.l979 (Artokhin)
(SIZK); l(j, same data except 13.viii.l979 (SIZK); I 9, UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Slaviansky distr.,
V. Bogorodichnoe, I 7.vii. 1 984 (Kotenko) (SIZK).
Subgenus Torymus Dalman s. str.
Callimoiue Spinola, 181 I: 146-148. Type-species: Iclmeumon bedeguaris Linnaeus. Designated
byCurtis, 1835:552.
hdisocampe Latreille, 1818; 213. 4ype-species: Ichueiimon bedeguaris Linnaeus. Designated by
Gaban & Fagan, 1923:91 .
Torymus Dalman, 1820: 135; 178. Type-species: Iclmeumon bedeguaris Linnaeus. Designated
by Ashmead, 1904:242.
Misocampus Stephens, 1829: 395 [misspelling].
Syntomaspis Foerster, 1856: 43-44. Type-species: Torymus euryiiotus Foerster (now T cyaneus
(Walker)). Designated by Gaban & Fagan 1923: 139.
T. armatus Bobeman (species sola)
PhegeuM (3)(1.1X.2003): 106
Descf^ipTION. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M normal; PM long, tapering to a vanishing point
midway from Junction of ST to apex of wing; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma intermediate; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind
coxa not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 incised and broadly and
shallowly emarginate; propodeal foramen low; median propodeal earina absent,
submedian earinae distinct; anterior margin of hind coxa straight; ocelli normal;
F1 not elongate; pedicellus short; hind coxa in males not carinate, in females
with a weak and short dorsal earina shifted onto lateral siirface; frenal line
distinct; hind femur with a strong tooth.
Hind femur swollen, ecarinate. hearing a strong tooth. The nitid dorsal area
of hind coxa delimited laterally by the dorsal earina (when present, in other
species) is spreading a short distance on lateral surface of coxa in females.
Funicular segments with short and very dense sensilla. Hind wing with a veiy
weak remnant of cv.
Biology. — As in subgenus Aretoryiiius.
Materials Examined. — T. armaius Boheman: I9- UKRAINE, Carpathians, Cliernogory, forest.
stat., 6.viii.l994 (Simiitnik) (SIZK); 1 UKRAINE, Volyn obl., road in forest N to v. Nevir,
17.viii.l998 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Kiev, Novoselki, 6.ix.l984 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 2$,
UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Slaviansky distr., v. Bogorodichnoe, I7.vii.l984 (Kotenko) (SIZK); l'g,
UKRAINE, (3dessa obl., Dunaiskie Plavni res., 14.viii.l996 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 29, RUSSIA Far
East. Primorie, v. Kievka, ex cocoons Osmia luiinis, 15. iv. 1982 (Romankova) (SIZK); 12, 1 4,
RUSSIA Far East, Primorie, v. Sokolovka, 25.iii.l982 (Romankova) (SIZK); 4'9, 2(7, RUSSIA Far
East, Primorie, v. Benevskoe, 20. vi. 1981 (Romankova) (SIZK); 19, 1(7- RUSSIA Far East,
Yuzhnosakhalinsk, nr v. Eiigovoe, 20.iii.l986 (Nesterov) (SIZK); 3y, 1(7, RUSSIA Far East,
Sakhalin Isk, nr v. Novoalexandrovsk, nest of Crossocenis sp. in stem of Riihiis ex larvae, iii.1974
(Nesterov) (SIZK); 29, ibid., 20.iii.l986 (Nesterov) (SIZK); 1 9, ibid., 2.vii.l975 (Nesterov) (SIZK);
19, IT, 'bid., 19.vii.1987 (Nesterov) (SIZK); I 9, iT, ibid., 27.viii.l986 (Nesterov) (SIZK); 1 9,
NETHEREANDS, Pietersberg, 2 1 .vi. 1990 (van Aartsen) (ZMAN); 1(9, NETHEREANDS, Nnnspeet,
22.vi.l975 (van Aartsen) (ZMAN).
T. kononovae (Zerova & Seryogina) (species sola)
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M normal; PM intermediate, tapering to a vanishing
point at about 1/3 the distance from junction of ST to apex of wing;
metepisternal callus rough; parastigma normal; shorter hind tibial spur present
and not reduced; hind coxa not elongate; propodeal foramen low; propodeum
without median or submedian earinae; anterior margin of hind coxa straight;
ocelli normal; F1 not elongate; pedicellus short; hind coxa not carinate dorsally;
frenal line distinct; hind femur with a moderate tooth.
Hind coxa nitid dorsally in basal part, much like the state seen in T. armatus
Boheman. Funicular segments with short and very dense sensilla. Disc of fore
wing with infumate area expanding from stigma posterad.
Bioeogy unknown. Associated with calcareous ^rounds. Site records are:
O
Czech Republic, Bohemia Velky Vrestov (type locality of T. pulcher Boucek, a
junior synonym of T. kononovae (Zerova & Seryogina)), Southern and Eastern
Ukraine (steppe zone), and Kazakhstan (type locality).
Phegeun (3)(1.1X.2()03); 107
COMMENTS. — This species might be united with T. armatus Boheman in one
species group, both having the long and tapering PM and siinilarly sculptured
bind coxa. However, T. kononovae (Zerova & Seryogina) has propodeum
sniooth and devoid of grooves or longitudinal striation, which prevents this
grouping.
Materials Examcsed. — T. kononovae (Zerova & Seryogina): Holotype 9. KAZAKHSTAN, nr
Kokchetav, steppe with calcareous denudations, 21.vii.l987 (Kononova) (SIZK); I9, UKRAINE,
Lougansk obl., Streltsovskaya Steppe res., 27. vi. 1983 (Kotenko) (SIZK); I 9. UKRAINE, Donetsk
obl., Kaïnennye Mogily res., 14.vi.l983 (Kotenko) (SIZK).
T. fastuosus Boheman (species sola)
Description. — Mandibles with three teeth; stigma petiolate, scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma not swollen; shorter hind tibial spur not reduced; hind coxa not
elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 narrowiy incised; propodeal
foramen low; median propodeal carina traceable as raised line; submedian
carinae not traceable; anterior margin of hind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 not
elongate; pedicellus short; hind coxa without dorsal carina; frenal line distinct;
hind feinur occasionally with a very small tooth.
Propodeum fmely reticulate. Sensilla on funicular segments extremely dense
and short; tlagellum notably stout, in males broadest at F2-F3.
Biology. — Parasitic on Cynipidae in Quercus.
Materiai s ExaminI'I). — T. fastuosus Boheman: 69- GEORGIA, Khodjori, coll. 2.ix.l974, em.
28.vii.1975 ex Quercus (Khodjevanishvili) (SIZK); 29- same data (ZMAN).
Species group of varians
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma normal; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa
not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 emarginate and incised;
propodeal foramen high (fig. 12); median and submedian propodeal carinae
absent; anterior margin of hind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 not elongate;
pedicellus normal; hind coxa not carinate dorsally; frenal line distinct; hind
femur without tooth.
Biology. — Phytophagous in seeds of Rosaceae; for some species (Nearctic
T. aea (Walker) and T. eurytomae (Puzanova-Malysheva)) mixed feeding has
been shown (Grissell 1976).
COMMENTS. — This species group is defmed by the high position of
propodeal foramen, additional supporting characters being circular shape of
head, protruding parascrobal areas, and prevailing phytophagy.
I examined a series of T. eurytomae (Puzanova-Malysheva) in SIZK. They
appear like large specimens of T. driiparum Boheman or T. varians (Walker); 1
coLild not find any reliable differences between the three species except the host
records.
COMPOSniON. — (Palaearctic species only) aiicupariae (Rodzianko),
driiparum Boheman, eurytomae (Puzanova-Malysheva), gracilior Graham &
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 108
Gijswijt, terentiarius Zavada, varians (Walker). T. interruptus Gijswijt may
belong here.
Materials Examined. — T. aucupariae (Rodzianko): 1$, UKRAINE, Poltava, ex rowan seeds,
1 5.VÜ. 1 899 {Rodzianko) (SIZK).
T. druparwn Bolieman: 1 $, MOl.DAVIA, Kishinev, jO.v.1976 (V. & N. Talitskys) (SIZK); 4!y, 4(^,
ibid., apple seeds, autumn 1958, (V. Talitsky) (SIZK); 1$, ibid., 19.vii.l959 (V. Talitsky) (SIZK);
1$, ibid., garden, 28.V.1958, (V. Talitsky) (SIZK); 1(5', MOEDAVIA, Rybnitsa, nr v. Belochi, open
ravine slopes in deciduous forest, 13.vi.l967 (NN) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Kiev, on windowsill,
4.iii.l986 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Kiev, Teremki, 9.iv.l974 (Petrenko) (SIZK); 11$, 3(5,
UKRAINE, Kiev, Ukr. inst. for experimental horticulture, 71959 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE,
Kiev, Goloseevo, 26.V.2000 (Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. gracilior Graham: I $, RUSSIA Far East, Saklialin, Novoalexandrovsk, 7-27.viii.1986 (Nesterov)
(SIZK); 1$ paratype, FRANCE, Dépt. Gard, Crespion, langs Doulibre in struiken, 8.vi.l982
(Gijswijt) (ZMAN); I 7, ITALY - Abr., Prov FAquita, Gran Sasso d’ltalia, S.E. slope, 1400 m,
17.vi.l993 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. varkms (Walker): 2$, GERMANY, Schleswig, 18.vii.l961 (NN) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE,
Kharkov obk, 2 km down riv. Oskol, right bank of riv. Sev. Donets, forest, I2.vii.l982 (Kotenko)
(SIZK); I $, UKRAINE Crimea, Luchistoe, pear, 3.vi.l989 (Shvedov & Lazarenko) (SIZK).
T. terentianus Zavada: 9$ (entire type series), KAZAKHSTAN, Akmolinskaya obk, Shcluichinsk, ex
seeds of Cotoneasler melanocurpa Lodd., 1997 (Gninenko) (SIZK).
Species group of cyaneus
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM nornial; metepistemal callus rough;
parastigma normal; shorter bind tibial spur present and not reduced; bind coxa
not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 entire; propodeal foramen low;
median propodeal carina absent; submedian carinae distinct; anterior margin of
bind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 normal; pedicellus sbort; bind coxa carinate
dorsally; frenal line distinct; bind femur without tooth.
Body all over in large and dense piliferous punctures (although less close
than in cupreus-grou^ and not present at the suture dividing mesepisterna).
Funicular segments with short and very dense sensilla. Propodeum with pre-
spiracular carinae as shallow grooves.
COMMENTS. — No character may be selected as diagnostic for this group;
such character might be the entire posterior margin of gastral tergite 4, but it is
also observed in Arctorymus subgen. n.
Biology. — Parasitic on Cynipidae in Quercus (Graham & Gijswijt, 1998)
and in Rosa.
COMPOSITION. — hrevicoxa Zavada, cyaneus Walker, and macruriis
(Förster). T. montanus (Zerova) may belong here (at the time 1 examined this
species, 1 was not considering the present work).
Materials Examined. — T. hrevicoxa Zavada: holotype $ and paratype (5', TADJIKISTAN,
Kondara, 24.iv.l980, em. I2.V.I980 ex galis of Diplolepis sp. on Rosa (PIjiishch) (ZMAN)5
T. cyaneus Walker: 2$, MOEDAVIA, Kotovsk distr., v. Rezeny, div. 432, 15.vi.l962 (Plugaru)
(SIZK); 1$, 4(5', RUSSIA, Eeningrad obk, Tolmachevo, ex Cynips divisa on oak, l.x.1960 (NN)
(SIZK); 1$, 2(5', MOEDAVIA, Kalfa, 26.V.I971 (Plugaru) (SIZK); 1(5, UKRAINE, Puscha Voditsa,
^ Indicalion of its depository in Zavada (2001b) is incorrect.
Phegea2>\ (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 109
2.?xi.l968 (Logvin) (SfZK); 1 9- 2(5', UKRAINE, Kiev, Darnitsa, ex galis Cynips qiiercusfoUL 24. iv-
24. V. 1974 (Rayevsky) (SIZK); 21$, 10(5', RUSSIA, Prioksko-Terrsny res., Cynips longiventris,
leaves, coll. iv.1982, em. 20-30. v. 82 (Zerova) (SIZK); 2(5', UKRAINE, suburbs of Kiev, ex Cynips
Ljiiercusfolii on oak, 4.vi.l955 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Rakhov, meadow over gorge,
15.vii.l993 (Simutnik) (ZMAN); 1$, NETHERLANDS, 's Graveland, gal Cyn. longiv., 23. v. 1963
(Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1$, NETHERLANDS, 's Graveland, galis Diplolepis divisa, 26.iii.l957
(Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. luacnirus (Förster): 1$, 1(5', MOLDAVIA, Durleshty, garden 859, ex galis Cynips quercusfoUi,
v.1963 (Plügaru) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Kiev, Darnitsa forest stat., oak forest, galis Cynips
qiiercusfolii. IO.xi.1973 (Rayevsky) (SIZK); 6$, UKRAINE, Kiev obl., Irpen, coll., 10.vH974
(Diakonchuk) (SIZK).
Species group of affinis
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma normal; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa
not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 incised; propodeal foramen
low; median propodeal carina absent; submedian carinae indistinguishable
amidst weak longitiidinal striation on propodeiim; anterior margin of hind coxa
straight; ocelli normal; F1 not elongate; pedicellus short; hind coxa weakly
carinate dorsally; frenal line distinct, though weak; hind femur without tooth.
M and SM broadening towards juncture of ST (fig. 13).
COMMENTS. — This group is close to the preceding one. lts incised gastral
tergite 4 prevents merging of the two. 1 am not quite confident in separating this
species group.
Biology. — As in cyaneus-gxow^.
COMPOSn ION. — affinis (Fonscolombe), notatiis (Walker), and cerri (Mayr).
Materials Examiaied. — T. affinis (Fonscolombe); 1$, UKRAINE, Uzhgorod (nr airport), coll.
24.X.91. em. iv.1991 ex galis Biorhiza pallida on O. rohiir (Diakonchuk) (SIZK); 9$, 20(5',
UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, galis of Biorhiza pallida, 19.V.1974 (Zerova) (SIZK); I $,
UKRAINE, Kiev, Novoselki, 4.V.I984 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 4$, 2(^, UKRAINE, Kiev, Puscha
Voditsa, ex galis of Biorhiza pallida coll. 10. vi. 1984, em. I7.vi.84 (Zerova) (SIZK); 4$, 3(5',
UKRAINE, Kanev, iv.1954 (Zerova) (SIZK); 5$, 12(5', ibid., l.vi.1976 (Zerova) (SIZK); 20$, 8(^,
UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Solenoozerny area, Biorhiza pallida, em. 5.V.1974 (Zerova) (SIZK);
18$, 8(5', UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Iv.-Rybalchansky area, 21. vi. 1970 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1$,
3(5', MOLDAVIA, Lozovo. garden, Biorhiza pallida, v.1972 (Plugaru) (SIZK); 1$, MOLDAVIA,
Golerkany, forest, 25.iv.l968 (Plugaru) (SIZK); 6$, GEORGlA,Vhodjori, oak, em. 28.vii.1975
(Khodjevanishvili) (SIZK); 1 $, AZERBAUAN, v. Sarybash, 1,700 m, oak, galis of Biorhiza pallida,
coll. 5.VÜ.1973, em. iii.1974 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1$, NETHERLANDS, Vijlen (erbos) Lbg, galis Bior.
pallida 19. ii. 1993 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1(5', NETHERLANDS, Overveen, 15. v. 1970 (van Aartsen)
(ZMAN).
T. notatiis (Walker): 5$, 3(5', UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, galis of Andricus cnrvator, 20.v-
I7.vi.l974 (Zerova) (SIZK); 2$, UKRAINE, Kanev, reserve, oak, l.vii.1976 (Zerova); 1(5',
UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, ex galis of Andricus cnrvator, 20.V.I974 (Zerova) (SIZK); 1 $, same
data (ZMAN).
Species group of hederae
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate, ST strongly
oblique; scutellum without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal
callus rough; parastigma intermediate; shorter hind tibial spur present and not
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 1 10
reduced; bind coxa not elongate (not so much, and not of the shape, as in
Lioterphus species); posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 minutely incised;
propodeal foramen low; median or submedian propodeal carinae not traceable;
anterior margin of bind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 elongate; pedicellus
normal; bind coxa carinate dorsally; firenal line absent; bind femur without tooth.
Base of scutellum veiy narrowly truncate, but not pointed; base of gaster
more or less extensively testaceous; temples (length in dorsal view) extremely
short; scape reaching well above anterior ocellus.
COMMENTS. — Altbough defmed by a combination of characters, this group
is good and does not have manifest synapomorphies except narrowed base of
scutellum, somewhat swollen parastigma, and oblique and expanding ST which
it shares with Callinioimis.
Biology. — Parasitic on Cecidomyiidae on Fagus.
COMPOSn ION. — fagi (Hoffmeyer)^,/^7g//?ez/.s’ Graham, /7e^/e7T/q (Walker) and
speciosus Boheman.
Materials Examined. — T. fagineus Graham: 2^, UKRAINE, Transcarpathians, Carpathian
Biosphere res., 1-1 l.viii.1994 (Simutnik) (ZMAN); I UKRAINE, Carpathians, Chernogory, forest
stat., 6.viii.l994 (Simutnik) (ZMAN); 1$, ! {mj, FRANCE, Dróme, gachau (1,200 m), 8 km E.
Séderon, 1 5.ix. 1 989 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. hederae (Walker): 19, UKRAINE, Carpathian res., Malaya Ligolka, 27.vii.l995 (Simutnik)
(SIZK); 29, Carpathians, Maramorosh, I l.viii.1994 (Simutnik) (SIZK); 1 9, Carpathians,
Chernogory forest stat., Bily, 9.viii.l994 (Simutnik) (SIZK): 1 9, UKRAINE, Carpathian res., Burkut,
nr oftlce, 500-600 m I9.?.\.1994 (Simutnik) (ZMAN).
T. speciosus Boheman: 1 9, MOLDAVIA (SIZK).
Species group of iacchos
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma normal; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa
not elongate (3-3.2 times as long as broad); posterior margin of gastral tergite 4
emarginate and incised; propodeal foramen low; median or submedian propodeal
carinae not traceable; anterior margin of hind co.xa straight; ocelli small and
close to each other; F1 not elongate; pedicellus normal; hind coxa not carinate
dorsally; frenal line not traceable; hind femur without tooth.
Anellus notably elongate and stout, approaching F 1 in shape. Mesepimeron
pointed apically.
COMMENTS. — This species is distinguished by its small and closely set
ocelli.
T. anularius Szelényi, as far as can be inferred from its description, may fall
together with iacchos Zavada in one species group. The following statements in
Szelényi’s description suggest their affmity: long anellus, coppery vertex, fine
sculpture on face, gaster being (conspicuously) longer than thorax. Szelényi does
According to Ciraham & Ciijswijt's (1998) notes on this species, it ma\ be eonspceillc with T speciosus
Boheman.
Phegea2,\ (3) ( 1.1X.2()03): 111
not refer to ocelli in amilarius nor to its mesepimeron. At present I place T.
amilarius Szelényi together with iacchos with moderate confidence.
Biology. — Reared from galis of Nipporhodites iiiagna Vyrzhikovskaya
(Cynipidae) on Rosa sp.
Materials Examined. — T. iacchos Zavada: Holotype soutli-eastern KAZAKHSTAN, northern
Tien Shan, Zailiysky Alatau, Pravy Talgar, 1,500-1,750 m, ex galis of Nipporhodites magna
Vyrzhikovskaya on Rosa sp., 26.iii-l9.iv.l 973 (Antziferova & Mozolevskaya) (SIZK); 7$,
paratypes, same data as holotype (SIZK); I $, I [mj paratypes, same data as holotype (ZMAN); 9$
paratypes, locality, date and collector the same as of holotype hut ex galis ot' Diplolepis rosae (L.)
(SIZK); 4$ paratypes, same locality hut without host specification and 25.iv.l978, em. 25. v-
l.vi.1978 (Pljushch) (SIZK); 14$, 14(5' paratypes, same data except 2,300 m, ex galis of Diplolepis
rosae (L.), 1973 (Lastochkin) (SIZK); 6$, 4(5- same data as holotype (SIZK); 25$, 10(5, same data
as holotype hut ex galis of Diplolepis rosae (L.) (SIZK); 5$, l(^, KYRGHYZSTAN, Tien Shan,
Kyrghyz Alatau, 1,200 m, ex galis of Nipporhodites sp., 7.4.1974 (lonov) (SIZK); 2$,
TAD.IIKISTAN, Kondara, ex galis oi Diplolepis sp. on Rosa cauina L., coll. 25.iii.l981, em. autumn
1981 (Zerova) (SIZK); 33$, 19(5, same locality as holotype hut 1,700 m, on Rosa sp., 8. v. 1980
(Ermolenko) (SIZK); 3$, 61$, S-E KAZAKHSTAN, Alma-Ata reserve. Rosa sp., coll. I.v.1978, em.
1 4-1 6.V. 1978 (Pljushch) (SIZK); 4$, 3($, same data (ZMAN); 14$, 20<5', KYRGHYZSTAN, canyon
of Alamedin riv., 1,500 m, 13.iv.l980 (Eremchenko) (SIZK).
T. apiomyiae Boucek & IVIihajlovic (species sola)
(1 have not seen this species.)
Species group of chloromerus
Description. — Mandible with three teeth; stigma petiolate; scutellum
without concentric costulae; M and PM normal; metepisternal callus rough;
parastigma normal; shorter hind tibial spur present and not reduced; hind coxa
not elongate; posterior margin of gastral tergite 4 (sometimes deeply)
emarginate; propodeal foramen low except for intermediate in anmdinis
(Walker); median or submedian carinae not traceable on propodeum; anterior
margin of hind coxa straight; ocelli normal; F1 not elongate, sometimes short,
approaching the condition of Lioterphus species; pedicellus normal; hind coxa
not carinate dorsally; frenal line not traceable; hind femur without tooth.
COMMENTS. — The question whether any direct descendancy from this group
may be asserted for any of the preserved groups and subgenera remains largely
open. A cladistic analysis attempted on the data presented in Table 2 could not
produce satisfactory results (most characters are parsimonially uninformative).
Another question, concerning the plesiomorphy of character States in
c/?/oro/;/p/7/x-species, fmds more convincing answers in the evidences that the
‘chloromerine' type is fairly similar to that of Pseitdotoiyimts Masi, which genus
is regarded as primitive in Torymoidini (see Grissell, 1995, p. 98 //. ).
Some species groups and species solae of Graham's are here included
together with the 'core’ chloi'onierits-spQc\es. Their morphological differences
have been found to substantiate no consistently different concepts of a rank
comparable to the preserved species groups. Reasons for each case are as
follows.
antndinis. — The presence of hairs posterad to cv on underside of fore wing
correlates well with ample overall pilosity of wing disc. Whatever its weighing,
Phegeu2,\ (3) ( 1 .IX.2003); 112
it is not this that may support anmdmis as a species sola. This species has fairly
elongate hind coxa with weak sculpture, a state of propodeal foramen
intermediate between normal and high, and hind tibial spurs (both) shorter than
in the majority of chloromerus-s\iQQ\QS. It has also a peculiar host; all
morphological differences of aruncUnis appear to be small homoplasies, and
therefore this species should better be placed in chloromerus-group.
flavipes. — Two species, fJavipes (Walker) and longica/car Graham, have
singularly long hind tibial spur. Apart from this, these species do not share any
other character with each other; moreover, they appear quite dissimilar
{loiigicalcar might be grouped with stenus Graham with as much confidence),
which suggests an independent development of the long spurs and that these two
species are probably paraphyletic.
nobilis. — Graham’s group includes three species, nohilis Boheman, rohoris
(Walker), and eriicarum (Schrank), all sharing the same hosts. The first two have
pronounced deep violet tinge on body parts, which is the only remarkable
difference they have among Ahloromerine’ species. So long as coloration itself
is a very unreliable character, this group of Graham 's merges with chloromerus-
group “by defaulf
pidchellus. — There are many species in chloromerus-%xon\i which more or
less uniformly depart from the chloromerine morphological type in connection
with their parasitizing hosts on Salix. Some (not all) of the most derived species
are: (a) lampros Graham, pitlcheUus Thomson; (b) curticcmda Graham &
Gijswijt; (c) giraudicmus (Hoffmeyer); {d) impar Rondani, narvikensis Graham
& Gijswijt. All these have perceptible differences, between themselves as well
as from the rest of c/?/oro///e7"z/5-species, but these differences scarcely yield
objective characters. As Graham’s microcerus-gxou'^ is not more distinguished
than giraudiamis and allied species, their placement in chloromen(s-gxou\) seems
to be a quite satisfactory decision.
cingiilatus. — The isolated position of this group is grounded largely on the
character of pilosity of hind coxa, which in these species is bare. The instability
of that character in several species {e.g., phillyreae Ruschka) and within higher
groups (as in igniceps Mayr and laetiis (Walker), which have hind coxa,
respectively, pilose and bare) suggests that it cannot be safely used at a higher
than specific level.
COMPOSITION. — aceris Boucek, amureusis (Walker), anastativorns
Fahringer, angel icae (Walker), anthohiae Ruschka, arcadius Graham &
Gijswijt, arcella Graham & Gijswijt, argei Boucek, artemisiae Ruschka,
ornndinis (Walker), anratns (Müller), basalis (Walker), bedeguahs (L.), boops
Graham, borealis Thomson, bouceki Graham & Gijswijt, brachyurus Boheman,
breviscapiis Graham & Gijswijt, caledonicus Graham & Gijswijt, canariensis
Hedqvist, capitonis Graham & Gijswijt, caiidatiiliis Graham & Gijswijt,
caiidatus Boheman, centor Graham & Gijswijt, chlorocopes Boheman,
ch/oromerus (Walker), cingiilatus Nees, confinis (Walker), corni Mayr,
crassiceps Graham & Gijswijt, cretaceus Graham & Gijswijt, cu/tratiis Graham
& Gijswijt, cultriventris Ratzeburg, cupratiis Boheman, ciirticauda Graham &
Phegea 31 (3) ( 1 .IX.2003); 113
Gijswijt, ciirtisi Graham & Gijswijt, curvatulus Graham & Gijswijt, cypriamis
Graham & Gijswijt, eadyi Graham & Gijswijt, eglaiiteriae Mayr, epilobii
Graham & Gijswijt, erucarum (Schrank), y^vö'/Y// filipendulae Graham
& Gijswijt, flavipes (Walker), flavovariegatus Gijswijt, formosiis (Walker),
fractiosus Graham & Gijswijt, frater Thomson, fuscipes Boheman,
galeobdolonis Graham & Gijswijt, galii Boheman, genisticola Ruschka, gerand
(Walker), giraudianiis (Hoffmeyer), gloriosiis Graham & Gijswijt, halimi
Graham & Gijswijt, helveticus Graham & Gijswijt, heterobiae Graham &
Gijswijt, heyeri Wachtl, hornigi Ruschka, hylesini Graham, impar Rondani,
janetiellae Graham & Gijswijt, juniperi (L.), lampros Graham, lapsanae
(Hoffmeyer), laricis Boucek, lalhyri Graham & Gijswijt, Uni Mayr, longicalcar
Graham, luridus Zavada, lythri Boucek, microcerus (Walker), microstigma
(Walker), rnicrurus Boucek, millefoUi Ruschka. monticola Graham & Gijswijt,
narvikensis Graham, nigritarsus (Walker), nobilis Boheman, novitzkyi Graham,
orobi Mayr, paliidiim Graham & Gijswijt, partitiis Graham & Gijswijt,
pascuorum Boucek, pastinacae Graham & Gijswijt, persicariae Mayr,
phillyreae Ruschka, poae (Hoffmeyer), problematicus Graham & Gijswijt,
pulchellus Thomson, purpureae Graham & Gijswijt, piitoniellae Graham &
Gijswijt, pygmaeiis Mayr, quadriceps Graham & Gijswijt, qnerciniis Boheman,
ramicola Ruschka, rhamni Boucek, roboris (Walker), rosar iae Graham &
Gijswijt, rubi (Schrank), ruschkai (Hoffmeyer), salicis Graham, scandicus
Graham & Gijswijt, schizothecae Ruschka, scutellaris (Walker), sennnum
(Hoffmeyer), sileniis Zavada. socins Mayr, spaici Boucek, spherocephalus
Graham & Gijswijt, spilopteriis Boheman, steniis Graham, tanaceticola
Ruschka, thymi Ruschka, tipidariarum Zetterstedt, idmariae Ruschka, valerd
Graham & Gijswijt, verbasci Ruschka, veronicae Ruschka, wachtUellae Graham
& Gijswijt.
The following Mongolian species most probably belong to this group:
cuprigaster Szelényi, subigneus Szelényi.
Materials Examined. — T. aceris Boucek: 1$, FRANCE - 13, Jouques, 14.V.1996 (Gijswijt)
(ZMAN).
T. arcella Graliam & Gijswijt: I UKRAINE. Daniibe delta, Isl. Stambulsky, 7.vii.l997 (Kotenko)
(SIZK); 59, UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky area, wormwood, 26.iv.l997
(Zerova) (SIZK); 39- same data (ZMAN).
T. arleinisiae Ruschka: 29- TURKMENISTAN, Annau, galis on wormwood, em. 2l.iv.l980
(Zerova); I 9- RUSSIA, Astrakhan obk, EIton, galis on wormwood, em. 6.viii.l979 (Zerova);
89- UKRAINE, Kiev obk, Obukhov distr., v. Stepki, galis on Artemisia sp., coll. 5.V.I979
(PIjushch); 59- 3(5', UKRAINE Crimea, Karadag, galis on Artemisia sp. (Dolin); 39- 3(5',
UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky area, galis on wonnwood, 26. iv. 1974 (Zerova)
(all in SIZK).
T. aruudinis (Walker): tens of specimens from Ukraine and Moldavia (SIZK); 19- l(j-
NETEIEREANDS, Ankeveen, Bergse Pad (Z) 23.V.I971 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); I9, Kyrkslatt, Reuter,
1931, (Hoffmeyer) (destroyed in shipping from ZMUC).
T. aiiratus (Müller): 249 specimens (1199, 130(5') Tom many parts of Ukraine and from Georgia
(SIZK).
7'. hasalis (Walker): 19- FRANCE - 84, Mt. Ventoux (Combe Brune), 30.viii.l996 (Gijswijt)
(ZMAN).
Phegcü2>\ (3) (l.IX.2003): 1 14
T. hedegituris (L.): More than 200 specimens from Ukraine. European USSR, Central Asia.
CaucasLis, and Russian Far East (SIZK).
T. canarieusis Hedqvist: 127$, UKRAINE Crimea, Karabi Yaila, clearing in beech foresl, 4.vi.l961
(Ermolenko) (SIZK); 3$, same data (ZMAN); I $, UKRAINE Crimea, reserve, 6.vi.l976 (Kotenko)
(SIZK); 1$, ARMENIA, Megrinsky distr., v. Lichk, oak forest in mountains, 1 ,800-1 ,900 m,
23. vi.l981 (Kotenko); 1$. SPAIN, prov. Almeria. Carboneras, ex galis Ptoelidaspidis lavaresiana,
IO.v.1994 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1(3', same place, host unspecifled, 2l.iv.l990 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. caudatiis Boheman: Ic?, RUSSIA, Perm obl., v. Nizhny Lukh, coll. I2.xi.l966, em. I5.xii.66-
I5.i.67 (NN) (SIZK); 2$, LATVIA, Dundarsky leskhoz, I5.vii.l966 (Saxon) (SIZK); 4$, 2rj',
GEORGIA, Mestia (Upper Svanetia), on Picea orientalis ex KaUenhachiola s/rohi, vii.1981
(Tvaradze) (SIZK); 2$, Ic5', same data (ZMAN).
T. chloroiuerus (Walker): large series from various parts of Ukraine (SIZK); 1$, FRANCE, Dróme,
Saillans, 2.ix. 1987 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1(3, SWITZERLANIO, Kiental, galis on Phyteuma, viii.1983
(van der Assem) (ZMAN).
T. cingulaliis Nees: 1$, NETHERLANDS, Ankeveen, Bergse Pad (Z), 23. v. 1971 (Gijswijt)
(ZMAN); 1(5', NETHERLANDS, 'sGraveland, 23.V. 1965 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. coufmis (Walker); 11$, óq, UKRAINE. Carpathian Biosphere res., Ugolsko-Shirokoluzhansky
area, beech forest, coll. 3l.vii.l999. em. 1 5-1 7.viii.99 ex galis on Urtica dioica (Zavada) (SIZK);
4$, same data (ZMAN); 2$, LITHUANIA. Vilnius, galis on nettles, coll. Il.x.1979 (Zerova)
(SIZK).
T. cultratus Graham & Gijswijt: I $, UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky area,
I8.vii.2000 (Zavada) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE] Chernomorsky Res., coast, reed stand, 24. iv. 1974
(Zerova) (SIZK); 1$, UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Volyzhin Les area, SW coast of Kinburnskaya
Kosa 7.VÜ.2000 (Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. culfriveiilris Ratzeburg: 1$. UKRAINE, nr Lvov, Pogulianka, ex galis Mikiola fagi, coll. vi.1952
(Zerova) (SIZK); I $, UKRAINE, Rovno obl., Ostrozh distr., 6 km N Shepetovka, Grabovy Bud,
24. vi.l999 (Kotenko) (ZMAN); 1$, Ir^, NETHERLANDS, ’s Graveland, galis Mikiola fagi
28.iii.l994 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. ciirlicaudu Graham & Gijswijt: 1$, UKRAINE, Zakarpatskaya obl., vic. Rakhov, roadside
willows along Tisa, 2l.vii.l999 (Zavada) (SIZK); 1$, same data (ZMAN); 1$, UKRAINE,
Zakarpatskaya obl., Carpathian Biosphere res., Chernogorsky area, 26.vii.l999 (SIZK).
T. eadyi Graham & Gijswijt: 3$. 6(5, UKRAINE. Kiev. Teremki, raspberry, 20.iv.l982 (Kotenko)
(SIZK); 3$, same data (ZMAN); 4$, 2(3. UKRAINE, Zakarpatskaya obl., Perechin, galis on
raspberry. 13.iii.l977 (Diakonchuk) {S\ZK).
T. erucarum (Schrank): 1$, UKRAINE, Transcarpathians. Carpathian res., vic. Rakhov. along Tisa.
sweeping in willows, 17.vii.l995 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 2ó'5, 21(5, Transcarpathians, Beregovo distr.,
Rafailovo, on roots of 1 to 3-yr oak trees, Audricus testaceipes, em. 25.iii.l975 (Boganich) (SIZK);
1(5, Transcarpathians, Vari. ex cynipid galis on roots of oaks, em. I7.vii.l976 (Boganich) (SIZK);
1 $, UKRAINE, Kiev, Puscha Voditsa, 29. vi. 2000 (Maximovich) (ZMAN); 1$. PORTUGAL, A.
Alentejo, Poilalegre, 700 m So S. Mamede, 22.V.1990 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. f ivardi Steffan: 1$, FRANCE, Gard, Crespion, 28.viii.l986 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T fdipendulae Graham & Gijswijt: 1$, UKRAINE, Kanev, Mariina Gora, 12. vi. 1999 (Gumovsky)
(ZMAN).
T. flavipes (Walker): Hundred-odd specimens from Ukraine and Azerbaijan (SIZK); 1$. FRANCE -
84, Mt. VentoLix S slope, 1,200 m, l.ix.1990 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1$, NETHERLANDS, Ankeveen
4.vi. 1 966 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T flavovariegalus Gijswijt: 1 $, SPAIN. prov. Soria (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. fonnosiis (Walker): 1$, UKRAINE, Lipetsk obl., Zadonsk distr., Galichia Gora res., 28.viii.2000
(Fursov) (ZMAN); I $, UKRAINE, Rakhov, 1 5.vii. 1 995 (Simutnik) (ZMAN).
Phegeal^X (3) (I.IX.2003): 115
T. fractiosus Graham & Gijswijt: I 9 paratype, FRANCE, Vauckise, Col de Perrache, em. 22.vi.l982
ex leaf-esge gall on Rosa rubiginosa (de V. Graham) (ZMAN).
T. gala Boheinan: 1$, NETHERLANDS, A. W. duinen, ex galis Geoaypla galü, l-lO.vii.1963
(Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1^. UKRAINE, Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., Zalivki, tlooded
meadows. forest, 2l.vii.l996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN).
T. gercmü (Walker): Large series from Ukraine, European and Far East Russia, and Japan (SIZK);
1$, \S. JAPAN, Ibaraki pref., Tsukuba, Sakuragaoka, em. 3.v. 1997 ex galis on Querqus spp.
(Fursov) (ZMAN); 1$, RUSSIA Far East, Isl. Sakhalin, Gornozavodsk, 18.vi.l97l (Ermolenko)
(ZMAN); 1$, NETHERLANDS, Tongeren GId. 8.VÜ.I992 (van Aartsen) (ZMAN); l(^,
NETHERLANDS, Haamstede, galis Biorh. pallida, 25.vi.l984 (Indenbosch) (ZMAN).
T. giraiidianus (Hoffmeyer): 2$, UKRAINE Crimea, Yalta, coll. ix.1986, em. ix.86 (Vasilieva)
(ZMAN).
T. heyeri Wachtl: 1$, UKRAINE, Carpathian res., Maramorosh, Kvasny, road to v. Ivan, young firs,
20.vii.l995 (Simutnik) (SIZK); 1$, same data (ZMAN); 2$, 3(5', UKRAINE, Kharkov obl.,
Krasnokutsk, dendropark, firs, 15.vi.l992 (Kotenko) (SIZK); 1$, FRANCE Dépt. Dróme, Col de
SoLibeyrand, 29.vii.l978 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 1$, SPAIN, prov. Madrid, Manzanares, El Real, on
Jiiuip. oxyc., 15. vi. 1990 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN).
T. iuipar Rondani: 1 UKRAINE, Zakarpatskaya obl., nr v. Hetyna, 20-30.vii.1999, ex cecidomyiid
gall on Sa/ix sp., em. i.2000 (Zavada) (SIZK); 2(5, same data (SIZK); 1 $, UKRAINE, Khersonskaya
obl., nr. V. Vinogradnoye, 5.vii.2000 (Zavada) (SIZK); 1$, same data (ZMAN); 1$, ibid.,
I5.vii.2000 (Zavada) (SIZK) [holotype (first) and paratypes of T. drewseni Zavada]; 9$, 7(5,
TURKMENISTAN, Kopet-Dag, v. Nokhur, ex galis of Asphondylia sp. on Aslragalus, coll.
I8.V.1975, reared ix.1976 (Diakonchuk) (SIZK); 1$, same data (ZMAN); 3$, GEORGIA, Tbilisi,
bot. garden of Acad. Sci. of Georgian SSR, ex galis Aslragalus caucasicus, coll. 5.V.1978
(Khodjevanishvili); 1$, NETHERLANDS, Otterio (GId.) 30.ix.l983 (van Aaitsen) (ZMAN).
T. JanetieUae Graham & Gijswijt: ?I9- UKRAINE, Chernomorsky Biosphere res., Solenoozerny
area, middle outpost, sweeping in steppe, 25.V.199I (NN) (ZMAN).
T. jimiperi (L.): I 9, SPAIN, prov. Soria, 10 km S. Abejar, on Junip. communis^ 22.vi.l994 (Gijswijt)
(ZMAN); 1(5, SPAIN, prov. Madrid, Manzanares, El Real, on Jimip. oxyc., 15.vi.l990 (Gijswijt)
(ZMAN).
T. lampros Graham: I9, UKRAINE, Lvov obl., Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., vic. v. Ivano-
Frankovo, 17.vii.1996 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); I9, ibid., 23.vii.l996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN); I9,
UKRAINE, Odessa obl., Liabashev distr., v. Osychki, 14.vi.l995 (NN) (SIZK).
T. lini Mayr^: A series labelled thus, UKRAINE, Khomutovskaya Steppe res., Donetsk obl., Liuuni
austriacuui, coll. 20.iv.l974, em. v.74 (Gershenson) is in SIZK; of which 39 are ZMAN.
T. lougicalcar Graham: Four specimens in SIZK and one in ZMAN, from a single series of minutien-
pinned specimens stayed on pith block with hand-written illegible label, reasonably in German and
indicating a year of 1 9 1 0.
T. hiridus Zavada: Holotype 9, East. GEORGIA, Khodjori, 2.ix. 1974, em. 28.vii.l975 ex Qiiercus
(Khodjevanishvili) (ZMAN)'°.
T. microcerus (Walker): ?1 9, UKRAINE, Brovary, lake Rybnoe, ex galis Rhahdophaga saliciperda
on willow, 1 3. iv. 1973 (Zerova) (ZMAN).
T. microstigma (Walker): 39, MOLDAVIA, Kishinev, coll. 18.vi.l979, em. ex Mas. marsupialis
24. V (Talitsky) (ZMAN); a number of series of rearings from the same locality with varying dates
exist in SIZK.
7’. micrurus Boucek: 29, 1(5, UKRAINFL Odessa obl., Vilkovo/Zhebriyanskie Plavni, 15.v-
5.vi.l996 (Maximovich) (ZMAN); a few more females and males of that series are in SIZK.
^ Listed malerial is presLimabl> Ibis species, which is plaeed in Species Inquirendae by Graham & Gijswijt ( 1998).
Depository stated incorreclly in Zavada (2001b).
Phegea7>\ (3) ( l.IX.2003); 116
T. miUefolü Ruschka: 1$, UKRAINE, Chernomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky area, 6.vii.2000
(Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. monlicola Graham & Gijswijt: 1$, UKRAINE, Carpathians, meadows over Tisa, 2.viii.l994
(Simutiiik) (ZMAN).
T. uarvikemis Graham: 5$, UKRAINE, Khmelnitsky obl., Gorodotsky distr., v. Zakupnoe,
27.viii.l997 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); 1 9- same data (ZMAN).
T. nohilis Boheman: 1$, HUNGARY, Dravapalkonya. 4.X.I973 (Heller) (SIZK); 1$, GERMANY,
Markgröningen, MSG Hannelrai, l.vi.1981 (Bretzendorfer) (SIZK); I 9^ MOEDAVIA, v. Karneshty,
26. vi. 1966 (Zerova) (SIZK); 197 MOEDAVIA, Kotovskoe, 29. vi. 1960 (Talitsky) (SIZK); 1 9-
UKRAINE, Carpathian res., I6.viii.l994 (Simutnik) (SIZK); 19- UKRAINE, Kiev, Piischa Voditsa,
29. vi. 2000 (Maximovich) (ZMAN).
T. partUus Graham & Gijswijt: 19 paratype, NETHEREANDS, Langbroek, uit depot 139 Rhahd.
salicis, coll. 29.Ü.1 968, em. 24.i.l969 on Salix Icaprea (Nijveldt) (NNML).
T. pasciiorwii Boucek: 1 9h UKRAINE, Carpathians, highiand plains, l.viii.1994 (Simutnik) (SIZK);
49, UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Novoazovsk, 1 2.vi.2000 "(Fursov) (SIZK); I 9, UKRAINE, Lvov obl.,
Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., vic. v. Ivano-Frankovo, 17.vii.l996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN).
T. phillyreae Ruschka: 29, UKRAINE, Khmelnitsky obl., Neteshin, rt. bank riv. Goryl, 29.vii.l999
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 1 9- ITALY, Portici-(Napoli), Park Agric. Inst., 10. iv. 1991 (Fursov) (ZMAN);
1 9- UKRAINE Crimea, Karadag res., 14.vii.200l (Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. poae (Hoffmeyer): I 9, UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Slaviansk disfr., v. Bogorodichnoe, forest,
16.vii.1982 (Kotenko) (SIZK).
T. pidchellus Thomson: 1 9, UKRAINE, Zakarpatskaya obl., Tiachev distr., Bushtino, pastureland on
Tisa, 17.vii.1999 (Zavada) (SIZK).
T. piiloniellae Graham & Gijswijt: I 9- MOEDAVIA, Kishinev, coll. 3.vii.l973, ex Mas. marsupialis
em. 24.V (Talitsky) (ZMAN).
T. quadriceps Graham & Gijswijt: 1 9 paratype, FRANCE, Dépt. Dróme, Saou, natte wei,
29.viii.l981 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 19, HUNGARY -West, Apatistvanfalvi, 30. vi. 1994 (Fursov)
(SIZK); 19, UKRAINE, Carpathians, highiand plains, l.viii.1994 (Simutnik) (SIZK).
T. ramicola Ruschka: 1 9. UKRAINE. Chernomorsky res.. Ivano-Rybalchansky area, 19.vii.2000
(Zavada) (ZMAN).
T. rhamni Boucek: 29, UKRAINE, Donetsk obl.. Khomutovskaya Steppe res., ex fruits Frangukh
coll. 24. vi. 1977, em. 13.iii.l978 (Diakonchuk) (SIZK); 1 9, same data (ZMAN).
T. roboris (Walker): 1 9, MOEDAVIA. Karneshty, 30. vi. 1961 (Boucek, Talitski) (SIZK); I9,
UKRAINE, Kharkov obl., 2 km down riv. Oskol, rt. bank. riv. Sev. Donets, forest, 12.vii.l982
{Kotenko)-, 19, UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Slaviansk distr., v. Bogorodichnoe, forest, 16.vii.l982
(Kotenko) (ZMAN).
T. rosariae Graham & Gijswijt: 29 paratypes, GERMANY. Lübeck ( Waakenitz Ufer), Rhabdophaga
rosaria & heleroh., i-iv.l98l (Meyer) (NNML); 189, '5c?, AZERBAHAN, Shemakhinsky distr.,
Pirkuli, ex Cecitomia rosae on willow, 23. v. 1972 (Zerova) (SIZK); I 9, UKRAINE, Lvov obl.,
Yavorov distr., Rostochie res., Zalivki, Hooded meadows, forest, 21 .vii.1996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN).
T. rubi (Schrank): Abundant material trom Ukraine including Crimea; European and Far East Russia;
Azerbaijan; Kirghizia; and the Caucasus.
T. ruschkai (Hoffmeyer): Large series from Russia (Ural), Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.
T. silemis Zavada: holotype 9, TAD.IIKISTAN, Anzob Pass (3,300 m) 2.vii.2000 (Perepechaenko)
(ZMAN)".
" Deposilon slaled in Zavada (2001b) is incorrect.
PhegeaM (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 117
7’. socius Mayr; 249, UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, galis on wild carrot, 9.ix.l973 (Zerova) (SIZK);
29, UKRAINE, Vinnitsa obl., Troslianets distr.. Sobolevskoe forest stat., 20.vi.l966 (Zerova)
(SIZK); 1 9, UKRAINE, vic. Kiev, Vorzel, 1 8.ix.l977 (Diakonchuk) (ZMAN).
T. steuus Graham: 1 9, UKRAINE, Carpathians, 29.vii.l994 (Simutnik) (SIZK); I9, UKRAINE,
Lvov obl-, Rostochie res., sweeping in mixed forest, 2l.vii.l996 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); I9,
UKRAINE, Kiev, Tereinki, 18.V.1982 (Pshebelskaya) (SIZK); 69, UKRAINE, Kiev, Novoseiki, oak
wood, 23.vi-4.ix. 1 984 (Kotenko) (SIZK); I 9, UKRAINE, Rovno obl., v. Voloskovtsy, 21. vi. 1999
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 1 9, RUSSIA Far East, Isl. Kiinashir, Tyatino, mixed forest, 7.ix.l978
(Ermolenko) (SIZK); 1 9, UKRAINE, Lvov obl., Rostochie res., vic. v. Ivano-Frankovo; adm. bldg.,
23.vii.1996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN); 1 9, UKRAINE, Babyn Yar vicinity, swept trom vegetation
consisted [sic] mainly of Lotus & Trifoliiiw spp., 7.vi.l996 (Gumovsky) (ZMAN).
T. tauaceticola Ruschka: 1(9, UKRAINE, Kherson obl., Chernomorsky res., Ivano-Rybalchansky
area, ex galis on Howers on Tauacetinu sp., coll. 21.vii, em. 6.viii.2000 (Zavada) (SIZK); I9, 1(9,
same data (ZMAN).
T. verhüsci Ruschka; 1 9, -S- UKRAINE, Donetsk obl., Krasnolimansky distr., v. Krivaya Luka,
I9.vii.1984 (Fursov) (SIZK); 59, 1(9, UKRAINE, Cherkassy obl., Kanev, scythian settlement.
1 l.vii.1982 (Zerova) (SIZK); 79, 5(9, ibid., Verhuscum phlomoides, coll. 29.vii.l982, em. l.viii.82
(Zerova) (SIZK); 29, UKRAINE, Kiev, Lysa Hora, ex Verhascum thapsifonue (syncarps), em.
23.i.l991 (Korneyev) (SIZK); 29, 2(9, ibid.. coll. 31.iii.l982, galis Verhascum sp. (Berest) (SIZK);
29, 1(9, UKRAINE, Kiev, Theophania, mullein, coll. 2. v. 1974 (Zerova) (SIZK); 39, 6(9,
MOLDAVIA, Pridneprovie, Rybnitsa, coll. 6-1 Ü.ix. 1997, ex cecidomyiid galis on Verhascum,
IO.ix.1997 (Gumovsky) (SIZK); 19, same data (ZMAN); 39, 3(9, AZERBAFIAN, v. Baskal,
1.500 m, Qx g'dWs Asphondylia verhasci on mullein, coll. I.vii.1973, bbib. 8.vii.73 (Zerova) (SIZK).
T. ^vacl^^lieUae Graham & Gijswijt: I9 paratype, FRANCE, Dépt Gard., Crespion, 22.vi.l982
(Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 19 paratype. FRANCE, Vaucluse, I9.ix.l990 (Gijswijt) (ZMAN); 39,
UKRAINE. Lipetsk obl., Galichia Gora res., Morosova Gora, in folded leaves of dog rosé,
28.vii.1980 (Fursov) (SIZK); 1 9, UKRAINE Crimea, Crimean res., nr outpost Asport, 2.vii.l976
(Kotenko) (SIZK); 1 9, 1 9, RUSSIA Far East, Primorsky Krai, 7 km toward Khasan, Golubiny Crag,
28.viii.l986 (Kotenko) (SIZK).
One species of the ch/oromeriis-group, T. drewseni Zavada, is here
synonymized with T. impar Rondani.
Torymiis impar Rondani, 1877
Torymus impar Rondani, 1877; 201-202; Boucek, 1974; 252-254; Grissell, 1995; 282.
CalUmome hakkeudorfiHoifmQyQX, 1933;246, 9^ Hellen, 1934; 188.
Torymus sp. near horealis Thomson; Graham, 1969; 62.
Torymus drewseni Zavada, 2001a; 85. Syn. n.
According to Mr. Gijswijt (pers. comm.), drewseni is conspecific with T.
impar Rondani. As the holotype specimen of drewseni was reared from a
cecidomyiid gall on Salix, the synonymy is evident; its paratypes, though, have
apparently a different host (they were collected in Kherson oblast, Southern
Ukraine, in a worm wood steppe locality with only shrubs of Salix viminalis; no
galis could be seen on these in mid-.luly, when I collected two paratype
specimens). In SIZK stands a series of drewseni reared from Asphondylia sp.
(Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on Astragalus in Turkmenistan; these specimens are
somewhat smaller in size than the holotype, but so is the specimen of impar 1
have received from Theo. As the 5th gastral tergite is more or less emarginate in
the specimens of all series and in both impar and drewseni, 1 agree with the
PhegeaM (3) (I.IX.2003): 1 18
opinion of Mr. Gijswijt and confirm the synonymy, stating new host-plant
records for impar.
Cases like this are a regular source of nomenclatural disorder in Torymus,
and have been such long since.
Acknowledgements
This Work could not be carried out without the substantial help of
Mr. M. J. Gij swijt (Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, The Netheiiands) who
provided me with a large portion of material. I also thank Drs. E. Grissell
(National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA), G. Delvare
(CIRAD, Montpellier, France) and, especially, A. Gumovsky (Schmalhausen
Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine) for their encouragement and advice.
References
Below is a list of some of the papers on the synonymy of the genus
Diomorus Walker with Torymus Dalman, and recent reviews of Palaearctic and
Nearctic faunas of Toiymiis. A comprehensive list of references on Palaearctic
Toiymus can be found in Graham & Gijswijt (1998); Grissell (1976, 1995)
contain similar for the Nearctic reeion.
Ashmead, W. H. A„ 1904. Classiflcation of the Chalcid tlies. — Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1:
iii-xi, 225-255.
Boucek, Z., 1974. On the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) described by C. Rondani. — Redia 55: 241-
285.
Boucek, Z., 1996. Two new Palaearctic species of Torymus (Torymidae, Hymenoptera) from Central
Europe and Kirghizia. — FoUa Heyrovskycma 4; 43-48.
Boucek, Z. & Graham, M. W. R. de Vere, 1978a. In; Fitton, M. G., et al., A Checklist of British
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Boucek, Z. & Graham, M. W. R. de Vere, 1978b. British check-list of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera):
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Curtis, J„ 1835. British entomology. — Folio 552.
Dalman, J. W., 1820. Försök till Uppstallning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini (Cynipsae Latr.), i
synnerhet nied afseende pa de i Sverige funne Arter. — Kimgliga Sveiiska
Velenskapsakademieus Handlingar 41:1 23-174, 1 77-182, pl. vii.
Eady, R. D.. 1958. A revision of the nomenclature in the European Torymidae (Flym. Chalcidoidea)
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Foerster, A„ 1 856. Hymenoplerologische Sludieu 2. — Aachen, Ernst ter Meer, 1-152.
Gahan, A. B., & Fagan, M. F., 1923. The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid tlies.
— Smithsonian Institution. United States National History Bulletin 124; 1-173.
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species. — Proceedings of the Royal entomological Society ofLondon tB) 38: 61-69.
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(s. lat.) (Hymenoptera: Toiymidae). — Zoologische Verhandelingai 317: 202.
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Torymidae). — University of California Puhlicalions in Entomology 79: 121 pp., 6 plates.
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Spinola, M., 1811. Essai d'une nouvelle classification générale de Diplolépaires. — Annales du
Musée d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 17: 138-152.
Stephens, .1. F., 1829. A sysiemaiic catalogue of British insects 1. Hymenoptera. — i-xxxiv, 1-388.
London, Baldwin.
Szelényi, G., 1972. On the Torymid-fauna of Mongolia (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). — Acta
Zoologica Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 181-203.
Thomson, C. G., \ S76. Hymenoptera Scandinaviae IV. 1-192. Lundiae.
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Entomologiceski Prohlemy 32( 1 ): 85-90.
Zavada, A., 2001b. New species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from Central Asia and
Caucasus. — Phegea 29(3): 99-107.
Zerova, M. & Seiyogina, L., 1991. Oo3op BimoB po;ia Diomorus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) (|)ayHbi
CCCP c omicaiiHeM hobofo Bua,a h3 Ka3axcraHa. — Vestnik Zoologii 3: 3-8.
Zerova, M., Seryogina. L. & Zavada, A., 2000. O CHCxeMaTHHecKOM nojio>KeHiin Diomorus
kononovae Zerova & Seryogina (Hymenoptera, Torymidae). — Vestnik Zoologii 4: 40-54.
Inhoud:
De Prins, W.: Four new species for the Belgian fauna (Lepidoptera; Lyonetiidae,
C oleophoridae, Pterophoridae ).... 87
.lanssens, K.: Aanvullende gegevens betreffende de families Melittidae en
Megachilidae in België (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) 81
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verantw. uitg.: W. De Prins, Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antv/erpen (Belgium) - Tel: +32-3-322.02.35
Phegea 3>\ (3) ( 1 .IX.2003): 120
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