Phytologia

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PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

— Vol. 21 January, 1971 No. 1

CONTENTS

ROBINSON, H., A revision of the moss genus, Hymenostyliella,

With-GEMCDLION OF MDOFODNYVEE SS os 50 go. 5) one wcolncd rs 0 thse 0 ]
ROBINSON, H., A new species of Cyclodictyon from Costa Rica....... 4

REED, C. F., & ROBINSON, H., Bryophytes of Monteverde,
STINE UNE, SiR hele Dba aa ry vo MR a ie Reel Ren ae Bos bln ee 6

KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XXXIII. The genus Gyptis .............+.. 22

KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XXXIV. A new genus, Barrosoa............ 26

__ KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
/Compositae). XXXV. A new genus, Lourteigia ........... 28
-~MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Hierobotana. I. ..... 31
_ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Callicarpa. XII. .... . 32

~MORTON, C. V., Some types and range extensions in Hybanthus

RO RMTOANE Diino lao they ee UW Ete ate Le 8) nea a pe 56
Sern AT Book reviews os. decd 6 ke a ves Od. . a 63

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

fe 303 Parkside Road

Plainfield, New Jersey 07060

ae U.S.A.

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A REVISION OF THE MOSS GENUS, HYMENOSTYLIELLA,

WITH DESCRIPTION OF SPOROPHYTE

Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Hymenostyliella is among those Pottiaceous genera having
broadly lanceolate leaves with incurved margins and circinnate
points when dry, similar vegetatively to Timmiella and Hyophila.
The leaf cells bulging adaxially in a single layer and with
greatly thickened corners prompted Bartram (1939) to establish a
new genus even without fruiting material.

Until the present, the genus has been known only from Luzon

Island in the Philippines, but a series of specimens has recently
been obtained from around a sulfur spring in the Kumaon District
of northern Uttar Pradesh, India. This material bears sporo-
phytes which are lateral from small axillary perichaetia.
Slight peculiarities of the upper surface of the costa recall a
brazilian species, Timmiella alata Herz., and I also place that
species in Hymenostyliella. The following descriptions and key
are intended to help in further understanding the genus.

Hymenostyliella Bartram, Philippine Journ. Sci. 68: 108. 1939.

Stems densely foliate, erect, with central strand. Leaves
oblong lanceolate, strongly incurved when dry with inrolled
margins, widely spreading when moist; costa percurrent or
excurrent in short micro, in section with two stereid bands,
adaxial surface with row ridges or distinct wings; upper leaf
cells isodiametric, unistratose, flat abaxially, highly convex
adaxially; basal cells oblong, more lax. Perichaetia in lateral
buds. Setae elongate, smooth; urn erect, smooth; peristome
lacking; operculum very long rostrate, longer than urn; calyptra
not seen.

Key to the species of Hymenostyliella

1. Adaxial surface of costa with only low serrulate ridges
H. llanosii
1. Adaxial surface of costa with 2 large wings H. alata

The following synonymy and descriptions have been compiled
from the literature and from the collections of H. llanosii
from India.

i

2 Peet OcG 0 G Dik Vol. 21, now. 1

Hymenostyliella llanosii (Broth.) H.Robinson, comb. nov.

Barbula llanosii C.Mtill., Gen. Musc. Frond. 445. 1900.
nom. nud.

Timmiella llanosii [C.Miil1.] Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 396.
1902.

Barbula pseudo-tortella C.Miill. in Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3):
396. 1902. nom. nud.

Hymenostylium involutum Card. & Thér., Bull. Soc. Bot.
Genéve 26: 82. 1936.

Hymenostyliella involuta (Card. & Thér.) Bartr., Philippine
Journ. Sci. 68: 108. 1939.

Rather robust plants with stems 2-3 cm‘high, stems sparsely
branching, rather densely tufted, densely foliate with leaves
often in interrupted tufts, radiculose throughout. Leaves
narrowly linear elliptical, sharply acute, 4-5 mm long, 0.5 mm
wide, canaliculate-concave, margins inflexed and slightly repand
in upper half, erect and entire below; base not or scarcely
narrower; costa stout, to 120 y» wide at base, percurrent; adaxial
cells of upper costa usually in 3 rather prominent rows, short
with distal ends projecting, rows viewed from side as very low
serrulate ridge; upper cells of lamina rather large, 10-12 y,
wide, 10-15 y long, lumens angular with prominent thickened
corners, abaxial surface flattened with a very thick wall,
adaxial surface strongly mamillose with very fine striations on
surface; basal cells colorless, not enlarged, quadrate to short
rectangular, 10-12 » wide, 8-20 y long with rather irregularly
thickened walls, a few cells at the margin very narrow.
Dioicous. Perigonal numerous on male plants in axils of leaves,
minute, to 0.5-0.6 mm long; bracts broadly ovate with short
sharp acumination; costa slender, 20-25 y wide; cells smooth,
median and basal thin walled. Perichaetia ca. 2.0 mm long;
inner leaves with colorless bases to 0.5 mm long, slender green
tips 0.2 mm wide, costa to 50 y wide at base; upper cells except
marginal rather mamillose adaxially, with thickened angles.
Sporophyte reddish-brown; setae ca. 4 mm long, urn 1.0 x 0.5 m,
smooth and shining castaneous, few stomates at the base, exo-
thecial cells mostly ca. 25 wy wide, 25-50 y long, near mouth
3-4 rows quadrate 10-15 x15 yw; operculum erect, dark throughout,
to 1.5 mm long. Spores 10-12 » in diam., very minutely
papillose.

Philippine Islands. Luzon: Bulacan Prov.; near the town of
Calumpit, Llanos s.n. Rizal Prov.; Montalban, Bartlett 14375,
14393.

India. Uttar Pradesh: W. Himalayas; Dehra Dun, Sulphur
Springs, moist rocky cliffs and moist rocks, 768 m elev., June

1968, G.B.Pant Des (1) DS 9/1968, Des (2) DS 10/1968, Des (3)

DS 11/1968.

The new collections represent a 3000 mile extension of the

1971 Robinson, Revision of Hymenostyliella 3

known range of the species. The species may be more common than
the collections indicate, but it mst fruit rarely.

The fact that Brotherus validated Miiller's epithet seems to
have been overlooked by later authors. The simple descriptive
statement in german by Brotherus (1902) was sufficient for
validation at that time.

Hymenostyliella alata (Herz.) H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Timmiella alata Herz., Arch. Bot. Est. S. Paulo 1(2): 61.
1925.

Stems to 1.5 cm high, sparsely branched, rigid, densely
foliate. Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2.5 mm long,
0.3 mm wide, canaliculate-concave, cucullate, sometimes mucro- ’
nate, all but basal margins broadly involute; base scarcely
broader than blade, short elliptical; nerve percurrent, bearing
2 prominent wings adaxially; wings ca. 12 cells high, i cell
thick; cells of upper lamina small, mamillose adaxially; basal
cells rectangular, yellowish, subpellucid. Dioicous? Sporophyte
unknown.

Brazil. without definite locality, liitzelburg s.n.

Material has not been seen, but the combination of leaf
characters and especially the adaxial surface of the costa
indicates close relationship to Hymenostyliella llanosii (Broth. )
H.Robinson. Chen (1941) mentioned Herzog's species in his
discussion of Hymenostyliella but apparently did not notice the
slight ridging on the costa of H. llanosii. Additional material
of H. alata should be sought and examined to confirm the
postion of the perichaetia.

Literature Cited

Bartram, E. B. 1939. Mosses of the Philippines. Philippine
Journ. Sci. 68: 1-437.

Brotherus, V. F. 1902. Pottiaceae. Die Natiirlichen Pflanzen-
familien i(3): 214: 385-432.

Chen, P. 1941. Studien iiber die ostasiatischen Arten der
Pottiaceae. I, II. Hedwigia 80: 1-76, 141-322.

A NEW SPECIES OF CYCLODICTYON FROM COSTA RICA

Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

The rain forests of Central Costa Rica have been noted for
many distinctive and apparently endemic species. To these may
now be added the following previously undescribed species of

Cyclodictyon.

Cyclodictyon jamesii H.Robinson, sp. nov. (Fig. 1-3)

Planta dioica?, robustiuscula, pallide virens, fragilis, in
cortice putrido repens. Caules prostrati elongati, irregulariter
dense ramosi. Folia laxe imbricata, ad 2.0 mm longa, 0.8 mm
lata, oblonga vel late ovata, integra, in partibus superioribus
constricta, apice distincte anguste apiculata; nervis binis
divergentibus, prope constrictionem evanescentibus; cellulis
nervorum uniseriatis; cellulis laminarum magnis laevibus, prope
basin oblongis, 30 » latis, ad 80 » longis, superioribus
rotundatis, ad 40 » diam., in superficiebus abaxialibus saepe
valde convexis, marginalibus in seriebus unicis elongatis.

Cetera ignota.

Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Near Monteverde, forests, 4,300 ft.

W. James 1969-44 (US, holotype; HERB. REED, isotype).

The species shows an unusually laxly leaved appearance for
the genus, but the best distinguishing feature is the flat rather
expanded apical part of the leaves. The leaf apices are rather
fragile and undoubtedly serve as propagules. The single row of
narrower marginal cells is most evident near the apex. The
protruding cells on the back of the leaf are not always very
noticeable.

1971 Robinson, A new species of Cyclodictyon 5

SS
>

Figures 1-3. Cyclodictyon jamesii. 1. Leaf at constriction
showing back in profile. 2. Leaf apex. 3. Leaf showing double
costa.

BRYOPHYTES OF MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA
BY

Crype F. Reed AND HAROLD RoBINSON
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

SEVERAL COLLECTIONS OF BRYOPHYTES FROM MoNTEVERDE, CosTA RICA
(PUNTARENAS PrRov.), HAVE BEEN COLLECTED BY Mr. WALTER JAMES, HIS WIFE,
MARY AND THEIR SON, JERRY OVER THE PAST EIGHT YEARS. IN ADDITION,
THEY HAVE COLLECTED A LARGE NUMBER OF FERNS AND FERN=ALLIES FROM THE
MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS ABOUT MONTEVERDE HAVE HAVE SENT THEM TO THE REED
HERBARIUMe THESE WILL APPEAR IN ANOTHER PAPER. MONTEVERDE IS A SET=
TLEMENT ON THE WESTERN SLOPE OF CosTA RIGA, AND NORTHWEST OF SAN JOSE.
Most OF THE SPECIMENS WERE COLLECTED FROM ELEVATIONS RANGING FROM 2500
to 4500 FT. THE HABITATS VARY FROM DEEP FORESTS, ALONG STREAMS AND
RIVERS TO EPIPHYTIC AND LITHOPHYTIC SITUATIONS ALONG ROADS, IN FIELDS
AND IN JUNGLES.

A FEW OTHER COLLECTIONS OF BRYOPHYTES FROM CosTA RIGA ARE ALSO
INCLUDED. THEY INCLUDE A SMALL COLLECTION OF BRYOPHYTES FROM CLARENCE
Ke HorR!ICH, WHO ALSO HAS COLLECTED MANY FERNS AND FERN-ALLIES FOR THE
REED HERBARIUM$ A SMALL GOLLECTION FRoM Luis D. Gomez P. oF San Jose;
AND SEVERAL COLLECTIONS BY PAUL H. ALLEN, PAUL STANDLEY AND Je VALERIOs
THESE COLLECTIONS ARE FROM VARIOUS OTHER AREAS OF CosTA RICA.

THE BRYOPHYTES REPORTED HERE ARE REPRESENTED BY 112 SPECIES OF
MOSSES AND 77 SPECIES OF LIVERWORTS. SEVERAL NEW SPECIES HAVE BEEN
DESCRIBED FROM THESE COLLECTIONS. ALL SPECIMENS ARE REPRESENTED IN THE
Reep HersaARium (R), BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AND IN THE UniTED STATES NaT-
1ONAL HERBARIUM WHERE INDICATED (US).

MUSC |
SPHAGNACEAE

SPHAGNUM CAPILLACEUM (Weiss) ScHRANK - CerRRo Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-
3150 m ELEV., EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2124 (R).

SPHAGNUM RECURVUM P.BEAUV. - Cerro Asuncion, 3145 Me ELEVe, RAIN PARAMO.
1969. Gomez 2114 (R).
POLYTRICHACEAE

PoGONATUM ROBUSTUM MITT. - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN
HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST POINT. MarcH 1963. W.James (R;US).

POLYTRICHADELPHUS COSTARICENSIS BARTRe — PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY, S OF
Cartaco. May 14, 1961. WeJames 104 (R); Cerro Buvis, RAIN PARAMO,
3000-3150 mM, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2118 (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde 7

POLYTR1I CHACEAE

POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM HEOoW. = MonTEVERDE, woons. Oct. 22, 1962. W.
James (R); oN ROTTEN wood, MoNTEVERDE. JAN. 9, 1965. MeJdames 3 (R);
TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST POINT.
Mar. 1963. We James (R); seELow VotcaNo Poss, ALT. 8000 Ft. Mar. 11,
1951. Wanna Ponver 4352 (R); Cerro Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-3150 m
ELEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2108 (R).

F1SS1DENTACEAE
FissiDENS PRIONODES MonT. - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCK IN TRAIL TO SPRING. MAR.

10-17, 1965. W.8M.James 104B (R).

FisSiDENS REPANDUS WiLts. - MONTEVERDE, RIVER woods. May 1966, M.JaAmes
R); oN TREES ALONG GuacimAL River, MonTEVERDE. JAN. 1968, W.James
68-21 (R).

GRIMMIACEAE

RHACOMITRIUM CRISPIPILUM (TAYL.) JAEG. - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP,
Pan AMERICAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINTe MAR. 1963. W.eJdames (R;US).

FUNAR | ACEAE

ENTOSTHODON BONPLANDI! (BRiD.) Mitt. - ParRAmo DE ManreseLvA, 3000 m
ELEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2107 (R).

DI CRANACEAE

ATRACTYLOCARPUS CosTARICENS!IS (C.MuLL.) WiLtiaAms - MONTEVERDE, WOODS.
Fes. 1963. W.JAmes 63B12 (R).

CampyLopus arctocarrus (HorRNSCHe) Mitt. - MONTEVERDE, wooos. Fes. 1963.
W.James 63M9B (R).

CampyLopus cHRISMARII (C.M@LL.) MitTo - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP,
Pan AMERICAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT.e MAR. 1963. W.James (R;US).

CampyYLopus concoLor (Hook.) BRID.e - MONTEVERDE, WOODS ALONG GUACIMAL
RiveRe JAN. +968. W. James 68-26 (R); Forests, 4300 FT. ELEVe, NEAR

MonNTEVERDE. Fes. 1969. WeJames 1969-30 (US).

CampyLopus FiLIFOLIUS (HoRNSCH.) MiTT. - MonTEVERDE, ForESTS, 4300 FT.
ELEV. Fee. 1969. We James 1969-16 (US).

CampyLopus FLExuosus (Heow.) BrRid. = MONTEVERDE, PASTURE woods, MAR.
10-17, 1965. W.&.M.James 96; wooos. Fes. 1963. Wedames 63838 (R)
ano 63B17B (R).

CampyLopus INTROFLExUS (Heow.) BRIO. - MonTEVERDE, wooos. Oct. 22, 1963.
W.James (R); PASTURES ON TREES AND LOGS. JANo 9, 1965. Medames 12
R); yunGLe Forest. June 1962. W. James (R).

CampyLopus sAVANNARUM (C.MOLL.) MiTT. - MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE FOREST.
June 1962. W. James (R),

DiCRANELLA ruUFESCENS (SmiTH) ScHimp. - Cerro Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-
3150 m ELEV., EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2112C (R).

8 Pee TOrbsOIGelek Vol. 21, no. 1

DICRANACEAE

DICRANELLA vAGINATA (Hook.) CarDe - Cerro Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-
3150 M ELEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2112A (R); Paramo DE MADRESELVA,
3000 Mm EEEEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2110 (R).

DICRANODONTIUM MERIDIONALE BARTRe — FoRESTS NEAR MonTEVERDE, 4300 FT.
ELEV. FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-23 (US); Prov. HEREDIA, CERROS DE
Zurqui, NE oF SAN IsIDRIO, ALTe 2000-2400 me. Mar. 3, 1926. Paut C.
StanbLey 50336 (R).

DICRANOLOMA BRITTONIAE BARTRe - MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEVe
Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-11 (US).

HoLomiTRIUM ARBOoREUM MITT. - MONTEVERDE, wooDse FEB. 1963. W.JaAmeS

63831 (R)e

LEUCOLOMA SERRULATUM BRIDe - MONTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS AND ALONG PATH
TO SPRING. MAR. 10-17, 19650 We&Medames 37, 56, 107. (R)3 PASTURES
ON TREES AND Locs. JAN 9, 1965. M.edames 22 (R); woops NEAR MoNTE=
VERDE. Fes. 1963. W. James 63B17A. (R)3 ON TREES IN FOREST NEAR
Motas, MoNTEVERDE. Apre 4, 1969. We James 1969-101 (R); FORESTS ALONG
SoutH Line, MonTEVERDE. Mar. 16, 1969. W. James 1969-76 (US).

PiLapoGon GrRacitis (Hooke) BRIDe - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN
AMERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST POINTe Mar. 1963. WedJames (R); Cerro
Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-3150 M ELEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2113
(R); Cerro Asuncion, 3145 m ELEVe, RAIN PARAMO. 1969. Gomez 2119 (R).

LEUCOBRYACEAE

LEUCOBRYUM ANTILLARUM SCHIMP. EX BESCHe - MONTEVERDE, RIVER BANKe MARs
10, 1965. W. James 4 (R); uvuNGLE ForReEsT. JUNE 1962. Wedames (R)3
woops.e Oct. 22, 1963. We. James (R); Fes. 1963. W.eJAmMES 63BH (R)s
ON TREES, La EsTRELLA, Prov. DE CARTAGO. MarR. 26, 1924. P.C.STANDLEY
39245 (R); woops atone GuacimaL River, MonTEVERDE. JAN 1968. W.JAMES
68-22 (R); MonteveRcE, Forests, 4300 Ft. ELEV. Fes. 1969. WeJames

1969-6 (R).

Leucosryum GIGANTEUM C.MULL. — MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS. Oct. 1967. W.JAmES
(R); Forests, 4300 FT. ELEV. FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-21 (US);
Oct. 22, 1963. We James (R).

CALYMPERACEAE
SyYRRHOPODON INCOMPLETUS SCHWAEGRe - MONTEVERDE, ON PATH TO SPRINGe MARs
10-17, 1965. W.& Medames 17 (R)o
POTT1ACEAE

Leptopontium ExceELsum (Sutt.) Britt. (Le. uLocaryx (C.MULL.) Mitt.) -
MONTEVERDE, ALONG RIVER BANKe Mare 10-17, 1965. Wo & Medames 12 (R)5
HEIGHTS oF La CaRPENTERA, VICe TRES Rios, 1300-2000 m ELev. DEC.
1937- PeHeALLen (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde

BRYACEAE

Aci DODONTIUM MEGALOCARPUM (Hook.) REN. ET CARD. - MONTEVERDE, ON RE-
CENT CLEARING. JAN. 9, 1965. W. James 6 (R).

Anomosryum FILIFoRME (Dicks.) Soums IN RABENH. - TREELESS WINDY MOUN-=
TAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT. Mar. 1963.
W. James (R).

Bryum cAPILLARE Heow. - MonTEVERDE, wooos. Fes. 1963. W. James 63816
WITH ATRACTYLOCARPUS COSTARICENSIS. (R); W.JAmes 63820 (R;US).

Bryum TRUNCORUM (BRID.) BRID. — MONTEVERDE, YUNGLE FOREST. June 1962,
W.James (R).

PoHLIA FLExUOSA Hook. - Cerro Buvis, RAIN PARAMO, 3000-3150 m ELEVe,
EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2111 (R).

MN1| ACEAE

MNIUM ROSTRATUM SCHRADe, VARs LIGULATUM HERZ. —- MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE
FOREST. JUNE 1962. W.eJames (R); EPIPHYTIC ON LICHENS, LA CARPENTERA,
vic. Tres Rios, 1300-2000 m ecev. Dec. 1937. P.HeAtteN (R); MonTe-
VERDE, RECENT CLEARING. JAN. 9, 1965. We James 9 AnD 39 (R); ALONG
BANK OF RIVER, MoNTEVERDE. Mar, 10, 1965. W. & MeJames 9 (R).

RH1| ZOGON | ACEAE

RHIZOGONIUM sPINIFOoRME (Heow.) BRUCH - MONTEVERDE, ALONG RIVER BANKe
Mar. 10, 1965. W.dames 1 ano 8 (R)3 MONTEVERDE, ON PATH TO SPRINGs
Mar. 17, 1965. MeJdames 78 (R); MonTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS, MarR. 17,
1965. W. James 27A wiTH PoroTRICHUM LONGIROSTRE. (R); ON TREES, UP
LOWER LOGGING TRAIL, MONTEVERDE. Dec. 1962. W.James (R)3 uUNGLE
FOREST NEAR MoNnTEVERDE. June 1962, W. James (R)3; wooos NEAR MoNTE=
verve. Fes. 1963. W.James 63815 ano 63B817C (R); woops ALONG GuAcIMAL

River, Monteverde. JAN. 1968, W.James 68-27 (R); MONTEVERDE, FORESTS,
4300 Ft. ELev. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-10 (R).

BARTRAMI ACEAE

BARTRAMIA POTOSICA MONT. — TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN
HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT. MAR. 1963. W.James (R).

BREUTELIA DEFLEXIFOLIA CARD. - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, RAN AMERI-
CAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT. MarR. 1963. W.James (R;US).

BREUTELIA JAMAICENSIS (MiTT.) JAEG. - MONTEVERDE, RIVER woods. May
1966. M.JAmes (R); TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN Hi GH=
WAY NEAR HIGHEST POINTe MAR. 1963. W.James (R;US).

BREUTELIA SUBARCUATA (C.MuLL.) SCHIMPe - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP,
Pan AMERICAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT. MarR. 1963. Wedames (R;US).

BREUTELIA TOMENTOSA (BrRID.) SCHIMP. - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP,
Pan AMERICAN HIGHWAY NEAR HIGHEST POINT. MAR. 1963. W.James (R);
Paramo DE MaorESELVA, 3000 mM ELEVe, EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2109 (rR).

10 PH, YOTROIL\OrGae, A Vol. 21, now 1

BARTRAMI ACEAE

PHILONOTIS LONGISETA (MicHx.) E.G.Britte - CErRo Buvis, RAIN PARAMO,
3000-3150 m ELEV., EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2115 (R).

ORTHOTR | CHACEAE

MacrRomiTRIUM CIRRHOSUM (HEow.) BRID. - MONTEVERDE, woops. Fes. 1963.
W.James 63844 (R); woonos, Oct. 22, 1963. W.James (R); PASTURE, ON
TREES. JANe 15, 1965. WeJames 36 (R)3; on TREES ALONG GuAciMAL RIVER,
MoNTEVERDE. JAN. 1968. W.James 68-2 (R); MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS ALONG

SoutH Lines Mar. 16, 1969. W. James 1969-79 (R) ano 1969-85 (US).

MACROMITRIUM FUSCO=AUREUM BARTRe — MONTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADONO
CLEARING. AuG. 3, 1968. Wedames (R3US).

MAGROMITRIUM LONGIFOLIUM (Hooke) BRIDe - MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE FOREST.
June 1962. W. James (R).

MaAcRomITRIUM suBCIRRHOSUM C.MULL. - MonTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.

ELEV. FEB. 1969. W.James 1969-39 (US).

GROUTIELLA APICULATA (Hook.) Crum & STEERE - PRove CaRTAGO, ON TREES,
1400 m Evcev., Ducce Nomere. Fes. 24, 1924. P.C.StanoLey (R).

GROUTIELLA WAGNERIANA (C.MULL.) Crum & STEERE - MONTEVERDE, PASTURES,
ON TREES. JANe 17, 1965. MeJames 37 (R); woops NEAR MONTEVERDE.
Fes. 1963. W. James 63B36 (R); MoNTEVERDE, FOREST ALONG SOUTH LINE.

Mare 16, 1969. W. James 1969-78 (R).

RHACOP | LACEAE

RHACOPILUM TOMENTOSUM (Heow.) BRID. - MONTEVERDE, RECENT CLEARING.
JANe 9, 1965. W.JAMES 15B, 19B, 20 (R); on rocks, MonTEVERDE. MARe
10-17, 1965. W. & MeJames 104A (R)3; woops NEAR MONTEVERDE. FEB.
1963. W. James 2, wiTH MACROLEJEUNEA LANCIFOLIA (St.) HERZ. (R).

PRI ONODONTACEAE

PRIONODON DENSUS (HeEDW.) C.MULL. - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS IN TRAIL TO
SPRING. MAR. 10-17, 1965. We. & Medames 103 (R); JUNGLE FOREST, NEAR
MonTEVERDE. JUNE 1962. W.JAmMES (R); WOODS NEAR MONTEVERDE. FEBe
1963. W.eJames 63B5, witH SquaAmipium NiGRESCENS. (R).

PRIONODON DICHOTOMUS HAMPE = MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY WATER. JUNE 10,
1966. M.James 13 (R).

PTEROBRYACEAE

PIREELLA maRtAc (CarD.) Card. - MoNTEVERDE, DEEP woods. JAN. 10, 1965.
Ms JAMES 2a; ALONG PATH TO SPRING, MonTEVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965.
We & MeJames 48, 57, 63 ano 82 (R)3 uUNGLE FOREST NEAR MONTEVERDE.
June 1962, Wedames 3 (R); PASTURE wooos, MONTEVERDE. MarR. 17, 1965-
W. James 23, 24 ano 25 (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde ll

PTEROBRYACEAE

PTEROBRYON DENSUM HoRNSCH. - MONTEVERDE, woods. Oct. 22, 1963. W.
JAMES R); MONTEVERDE, DEEP wooDs. JAN. 10, 1965. MeJames 24 (R);
MONTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS ALONG ALONG PATH TO SPRING. MARe 17, 1965-6
W. & Medames 28 ano 59 (R); vUNGLE FOREST NEAR MONTEVERDE. JUNE
1962. W.James 1 (R); woops NEAR MonTEVERDE. Fes. 1963. W.James 6383
(R).

METEORIACEAE

METEORIOPSIS RECURVIFOLIA (HoRNSCH.) BROTH. - ON TREES, VIC. JALACA
Farm, Gotro Dutce AREA, 100 FT. ELEVe, PROV. PUNTARENAS. MaARe 25,
1949, Pau _H. Atten (R).

METEORIOPSIS REMOTIFOLIA (C.MuLL.) BROTH. - MONTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS
AND ALONG PATH TO SPRINGe Mare 10-17, 1965. We & MeJames 18 ano 64,
(R); Monteverve, Forests, 4300 FT. ELEV. Fes. 1969. W.James 1969-5.
(R).

PaPILLARIA oeEpPE! (C.MULL.) JAEG. - MoNTEVERDE, wooos. Oct. 22, 1963.
W.JAMES (R); IN PASTURES, ON TREES AND LoGS. JAN. 8, 1965. M.JAMES
8 (R); 1N wooos. Fes. 1963. W.James 63B6 (R); uvUNGLE FOREST NEAR
MonTEVERDE. June 1962, W.James 7 (R)e

PAPILLARIA IMPONDEROSA (TayL.) BRoTH. - CLoup FORESTS OF MONTANA DEL
CeoraL, S oF San ANTONIO DE EscAzUe JAN. 1960, ELEv. 2400 m. C.K.
HoricH (R); wooos ALonG GuAcimaL River, MonTEVERDE. JAN. 1968.
W.eJames 68-25 (R); ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST AT TARPANTE, DENSE JUNGLES
AT BASE OF NORTHERN CORDILLERA DE TALAMANCA ALONG UPPER HEADWATERS
AREA oF Rio REVENTAzON, Rio MacHo, S oF Orosi, ELEVe. 1100-1200 m.,
EPIPHYTIC ON FERN FRONDS. Dec. 1959-Jan.1960. C.KeHoricH (R).

PILOTRICHELLA FLExILis (Heow.) AoncstrRe - MONTEVERDE, woods. OcT. 22,
1963. W.JAmMES (R); JANe 10, 1968, ALONG PATH TO SPRING. M.JAMES
31B (R); Dec. 1964-Jan. 1965. WeJames (R); JAN. 15, 1965. WeJAMES
41B (oN ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUIT LEAVES). (R); ALONG RIVER BANK NEAR
MONTEVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965. WeJdames 7 (R); PASTURES ON TREES AND
Locse JAN. 9, 1965. Medames 1, 2 ano 17 (R); wooos NEAR MONTEVERDE.
Fee. 1963. Wedames 63819 (R); 63B25 (R;US); uUNGLE FOREST NEAR
MoNTEVERDE. JUNE 1962. W.James 9, 11 ano 14 (R)3; MonTEVERDE ALONG
SoutH Line. Mar. 16, 1969. Wedames 1969-75 (R); Ceprat Crest, 2400
M ELEVe, ON LEAVES OF FERNSe ApPRe-JuneE 1960, C.K.sHorICcH (R); HEIGHTS
oF La CaRPENTIERA, VICe TRES Rios, 1300-2000 m ELev. Dec. 1937.
P.HeALLEN (R); CLoup ForREST BETWEEN CERRO ZuRQUI AND CASAJAL, AND
BETWEEN SAN GERONIMO DE MoRAVIA AND THE CoNnTINENTAL Divioe oF EL
Auto ve LA PALMA, EPIPHYTIC, ELEVe 1400-1550 me Nove. 1958= JAN.
1960, C.K.HoricH (R); cLoup Forest oF MONTANA DEL CepRAL, S oF SAN
ANTONIO DE EscAzU. JANe 1960, ELEVe. 2000-2440 m. C.KeHoricn (R);

ON TREE, YERBA BUENA, N oF San |8100R0, PROVe HEREDIA, 2000 m ELEV.
Fes. 22-28, 1926. Stanotey & VALerio (R); on TREE, CERRO DE LAS
Caricias, N of San IRIDRO, Prov. HEDERIA, ELEV. 2000-2400 me. MAR.
11, 1926, Stanotey & Vaterio (R).

12 Pyb ie TO) LyOuGi tak Vol. 21, no. 1

METEOR! ACEAE

PILOTRICHELLA PENTASTICHA (BRiDe) Wiuk & MARGe - Monteverde, Dec. 1964-
JANe 1965. WedJAMES (R);3 Oct. 1963. W.James (R)$; ALONG PATH TO SPRING
AND IN PASTURE woops, MonTEVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965. Wedames 31, 49,
58 ano 60 (R)3 PASTURES ON TREES AND LOGS, MONTEVERDE. JANe 9, 1965.
Me James 11 (R); MonTEVERDE, FORESTS. OcTe 1967. W.James (R); MonTe=
VERDE, FORESTS ALONG SouTH LINE. Mare 16, 1969. WeJdames 1969-72 (R).

Squamipium NIGRIGANS (Hooke) BRoTHe - MONTEVERDE, woods. FeBe 1963.
W.JAMES 63B5, WITH PRIONODON DENSUS (R); JUNGLE FOREST NEAR MonTE-
VERDE. JUNE 1962. We James (R)e

PHYLLOGON | ACEAE

PHYLLOGONIUM FULGENS (HEpw.) BRIDe — MONTEVERDE, ALONG PATH TO SPRINGe
Mar. 10-17, 1965. W. & Medames 79 (R); yvUNGLE FOREST NEAR MONTEVERDE.
June 1962, W. James 12 (R); ON TREES ALONG GuAcIMAL RiveR, MONTE=
VERDE. JAN. 1968. WeJames 68-18 (R)3 MONTEVERDE, FORESTS ALONG SOUTH
Lines Mare 16, 1969. Wedames 1969-103 (R).

PHYLLoGonIUM viscosum (P.BEAUV.e) Mitte —- MonTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS.)
Mar. 10-17, 1965. W. & MedJames 36 (R); woops NEAR MONTEVERDE. FEBe
1962. We James 63B7 (R); JUNGLE FORESTS NEAR MONTEVERDE. JUNE 1962.
W. James 8 (R)e

NECKERACEAE

CALYPTOTHECIUM TURGESCENS BROTHe & THERe - MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE FOREST.
June 1962, W. James 5 and 16 (R).

HOoMALIA GLABELLA (HEpw.) BeSeGe = MonTEVERDE, woods. Oct. 22, 1963.
WeJames (R); JUNGLE FOREST. JUNE 1962, W.James (R)3; ALONG RIVER
BANK NEAR MONTEVERDE. Mare 10, 1965. WeJdames 9 (R)$3 SAME LOCe, MARe
17, 1965. WeJames 5 (R)$ ALONG PATH TO SPRINGe Mar. 10, 1965. We
James 61 ano 75 (R)$; oN ROCK BY SPRINGe Mar. 11, 1965. MeJAmes
16A (R); woops ALona GuacimaL RIVER, MONTEVERDE. JAN. 1968. We
James 68-28 (R).

PoROTRICGHUM COBANENSE C.MULL. — MONTEVERDE, ON ROCK BY SPRINGo MARo
11, 1965. Medames 16 ano 101 (R)3 EPIPHYTIC ON FERNS, SHORE AREA OF
Rio VirRiLLA, NEAR La URUCA, A SUBURB OF SAN JOSE, ELEVe 1000 me
JANe 1950. C.eKeHoricH (R)3 ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST OF TAPANTI, DENSE
JUNGLES AT BASE OF NORTHERN CORDILLERA DE TACAMANCA, ALONG UPPER
HEADWATER AREA OF RIO REVENTAZON AND Rio MacHo, S oF OROS!, ELEVe
1100-1200 mM, EPIPHYTIC ON FERN FRONDS. Dec. 1959-JANe 1960. C.K.
HoricH (R).

POROTRICHUM LONGIROSTRE (Hooke) Mitte - MONTEVERDE, woops. Oct. 22,
1963. W.JAMES (R); ALONG PATH TO SPRING, MONTEVERDE. JANe 1, 19656
MeJames 32B (R); PASTURE woops, MONTEVERDE. MARs 10-17, 1965. We &
MeJames 29, 32,33, HOA, 81, 99 ano 27B (R)3 vUNGLE FOREST NEAR
MONTEVERDE. JUNE 1962, W.James (R)3; ALONG RIVER BANK, MONTEVERDE.
Mars 17, 1965. We & Me James 15 (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde

NECKERACEAE

PoROTRICHUM NECKERAEFORME (HampE) Mitte - MONTEVERDE, ON TREES IN
FOREST NEAR MoTASs ApRe 4, 1969. Wedames 1969-90 (US).

P|LOTR!ICHACEAE

PiLOTRICHUM ASPERIFOLIUM MiTT. - MONTEVERDE, DEEP WOODS, ALONG PATH

TO SPRINGe JANe 10, 1965. MeJdames 35 (R)3; ON ROCKS ON TRAIL TO

SPRINGe Mare 10-11, 1965. W. & MeJdames 83 ano 97 (R); wooos NEAR
MonTEVERDE. Fes. 1963. WeJAmMeS 63818, WITH OMPHALANTHUS FILIFOR=
mis AND 63B21 (R)s yuNGLe FOREST NEAR MONTEVERDE. June 1962, We

JAMES 19 (R).

PiLOTRICHUM RAMOSISSIMUM MITT. — MONTEVERDE, ON TREES IN FOREST NEAR

MoTAs. APR. 4, 1969. WeJdames 1969-93 (US).

HYPOPTERYG | ACEAE

HyPOPTERYGIUM TAMARISCINUM (HeEow.) BRID. - MONTEVERDE, woops. OcT.
22, 1963. W.James (R); woos, MonTEVERDE. Fes. 1963. WeJAMES

63B43 (R); MONTEVERDE, ALONG PATH TO SPRINGe MAR. 10, 1965. We &

13

M, James 62 (R)3; RIVER woops NEAR MoNTEVERDE. May 1966. M.dames (R).

LESKEACEAE (THUIDIACEAE )

THUIDIUM ANTILLARUM BESCH. - MONTEVERDE, RECENT CLEARINGe JANe 9,

1965. W. James 23B, 15A, 21 ann 19A (R)3 ALONG RIVER BANK, MoNTE=

VERDE. MAR. 10-17, 1965. We & Medames 10 ano 13 (R)s ALONG PATH

TO SPRING, MONTEVERDE. Mare 10-17, 1965. We & Medames 65, 43, 41
ano 86 (R); wooos NEAR MonTEveRDE. Fes. 1963. WeJames 63820 (R);

wooDs ALONG GuacimMAL RiveR, MONTEVERDE. JANe 1968. WeJames 68-24,

THU1DIUM ERECTUM DUB. - MonTVERDE, wooos. Fes. 1963. W.edames 63840,

3B39 AND 63837 (R); uuncLe ForEsT NEAR MONTEVERDE. JUNE 1962.
W.eJames (R); TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN Top, PAN AMERICAN Hi GHWAY
NEAR HIGHEST PARTe MarR. 1963. Wedames (R); wooos ALONG GUACIMAL
River, Monteverde. JAN. 1968. W.edames 68-23 (R).

As INDICATED IN INDEx Muscorum (W.M.&F., 1969) THE ComBINATION

T. DELICATULUM (Heow.) Mitte 18 INVALID, BEING A LATER HOMONYM

oF Te beELICcATULUM (L.) B.S.G. (= T. RECoGNITUM HEDW.). THE TAXON
WARRANTS MORE THAN THE VARIETAL STATUS UNDER IT. RECOGNITUM GIVEN
IN THE INDEX. A SEARCH INDICATES THUIDIUM ERECTUM DUB. (1878) as
THE OLDEST AVAILABLE NAME. THERE 1S A SLIGHT CHANCE AN OLDER NAME

WILL BE FOUND THAT 1S NOT PRESENTLY RECOGNIZED AS A SYNONYMe

THU101UM MiNUTULUM (HEDw.) B.S.G. - MoNTEVERDE, PASTURE WooDS. MAR.

ee 1965. W.dames 20 (R); clLoup Forests oF MoNTANA DEL CERDAL,
S oF San AnTonio DE Escazu, ELEV. 2000-2400 m ELEVe JANe 1960,
C.KsHoricH (R); on TREES ALONG GUACIMAL RIVER, MONTEVERDE. JAN,
1968. W. James 68-17 (R).

14 PHY TOL 07a rs Vol. 21, now 1

LESKEACEAE (THUIDIACEAE )

THUIDIUM PHILIBERTII LIMPRe - MONTEVERDE, woops. Oct. 22, 1963 W.
James (R); TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN Top, PAN AmeRICAN HIGHWAY,
NEAR HIGHEST POINTe MaRe 1963. Wedames (R).

BRACHYTHEC | ACEAE

BRACHYTHECIUM FLEXIVENTROSUM (C.MULL.) JAEG. - TREELESS WINDY MOUN=
TAIN Top, PAN AmeERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST POINTe MAR. 1963.
W. James (R3US).

HoMALOTHEGIUM LESKEOIDES (Hooke) He RoBinsone (Syne: PALAMOCLADI UM
LESKEOIDES (Hooke) EeGeBRiTT.) - MONTEVERDE, wooos.e FEB. 1963.

W. James 63B26 (R).

RHYNCHOSTEGIUM SERRULATUM (HEDW.) JAEG. - MONTEVERDE, WOODS ALONG PATH
TO SPRINGe Mar. 10, 1965. We James 46B, wiTH METEORIOPSIS REMOTI-
FOLIA. (R).

PLAG | OTHEC | ACEAE

PLAGIOTHECIUM DENTICULATUM (HEDW.) B.S.G. - TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN
Top, Pan AMERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST PARTe MarR. 1963. W.James (R).

HOOKER | ACEAE

ADELOTHECIUM BoGoTENS!S (HamPpE) Mitte - MoNTEVERDE, PASRURE WOODS.
MarR. 17, 1965. We & MeJames 30 (R).

CALLICOSTELLA PALLIDA (HoRNSCHe) JAEGe - MONTEVERDE, ALONG PATH TO
SPRINGe MAR. 10, 1965. We & MeJames 53 ano 68 (R).

CROSSOMITRIUM PATRISIAE (BRIDe) C.MULL. - MONTEVERDE, ON FRONDS OF
BOLBITIS ALIENIA VARe, ALONG RIVER BANKS. JAN. 12, 1968. W.James

(R).

CycLopicTYon ALBICANS (HeEpw.) O.KuNTZE - MoNTEVERDE, ON ROCKS IN
TRAIL TO SPRING. MARe 11, 1965. Me James 102 (R); on TREES ALONG
GuacimaL River, MoNTEVERDE. JAN. 1968. We. James 68-6 (R).

CycLopictTyon JAmesi! H.eRoBpiNSON = MONTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEVe
Fes. 1969. W.James 1969-44 (Rs;US).

HEMI RAGIS AUREA (BRIDe) BESCHe (Syne: HARPOPHYLLUM aUREUM (P.Beauv. )
SPRUCE). - MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE FOREST. JUNE 1962. W.eJames 17 (R).

HOOKERIA ACUTIFOLIA Hooke ET GREVe — MonTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR
Apono CLEARING. Auce 3, 1968. W. James (R;US).

HookeRiopsis crispA (C.MOLL.) JAEGe - MoNTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR
Apono CLEARING. AuGe. 3, 1968. W. James (R);3 Cerro VueELTAs, 3000
M ELEVe, RAIN PARAMO, EPILITHIC. 1969. Gomez 2118 (R).

HookER1Iopsis FALCATA (Hooke) JAEG. - MonTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.
ELEV. FEBe 1969. W. James 1969-26 (US).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde

HOOKER | ACEAE

HooKERIOPSIS SUBFALCATA (Hampe) JAeGe. - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.
ELEVe FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-18a (US).

|SODREPANIUM LENTULUM (WiLs.) E.G.BRiTT. - MONTEVERDE, ALONG PATH TO
SPRING. MAR. 10, 1965. We & MeJames 54 (R); MonTEVERDE, ALONG
RIVER BANKe MaARe 17, 1965. W. & MeJames 3 ano 11 (R); woops NEAR
MonTEVERDE. Fee. 1963. W. James 63833 (R); Cerro Buvis, RAIN PA=
RAMO, 3000-3150 M ELEVey EPIPHYTIC. 1969. Gomez 2112B (R).

Lep1oorpiLio1um PorRToRICENSE (C.M@LL.) Crum et STEERE - MONTEVERDE,
FOREST ALONG SouTH LINEe Mare 16, 1969. Wedames 1969-80 (US).

LepipoPpiLuM BREVICErPS MiTT. - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY WATER. June 10,
1966. M. James 18 ano 20 (R).

LeP1popiLumM HAPLocILIATUM (C.MULL.) Pare - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY
WATER. June 10, 1966. M.James 15 (R).

LEPIDOPILUM RADICALE MiTT. - MONTEVERDE, ON TRAIL TO FiRAROLA'S. MAR.
10, 1965. W. & M.James 92 (R); wooos, Monteveroe. Oct. 22, 1963.
W. James 1 ARTZ

NEOHYPNELLA DIVERSIFOLIA (MiTTe) WetcH et Crum - MonNTEVERDE, FORESTS
ALONG SouTH LiINEs MARe 16, 1969. Wedames 1969-108 (R).

RHYNCHOSTEGIOPSIS FLExUOSA (SuLtL.) C.MULL. - MONTEVERDE, ON TREES
ALONG.GUACIMAL RIVER. JANe 1968. We. James 68-7 ano 68-11 (R).

SEMATOPHYLLACEAE

GLossADELPHUS TRUNCULATUS (C.M@LL.) FLEISCHe (Syne: HYPNELLA JAMESII
HeRoBinson, BryoLtocist, 68: 333, Fe 10-12. 1965). - MonTEVERDE,
DEEP WOODS ALONG PATH TO SPRINGe JANe 10, 1965. Medames 32C (HoLo-
TYPE oF HYPNELLA yamesii! HeRosinson in US; 1soTyPE IN R).

SEMATOPHYLLUM CAESP1TOSUM (HeEow.) Mitte - MONTEVERDE, ALONG PATH TO
SPRING. MAR. LO, 1965. W. James 45 (R); yuNGLE FOREST NEAR MoNTE-
verve. June 1962. W. James (Re

SEMATOPHYLLUM CUSPIDATUM MiTT. (MAY PROVE TO BE Ss. AFFINE (HornscH.e )

Mitte, WHICH 1S THE OLDER NAME. - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY WATERs
June 10, 1966. MeJames 17 (R).

SEMATOPHYLLUM INSULARUM (SuLL.) BARTRe - MONTEVERDE, FoRESTS, 4300
FTe ELEV. FEB. 1969 We James 1969-24 (R).

SEMATOPHYLLUM LINDIGI1 (HamPpE) Mitte - MoNTEVERDE, wooos. Fes. 1963.

W. James 6381, 6389 ano 63834 (R).
SEMATOPHYLLUM SERICIFOLIUM MiTTe — MONTEVERDE, JUNGLE FOREST. JUNE
1962. W. James (R)e

TAXITHEL1UM PLANUM (BRIDe) Mitte - MONTEVERDE, PASTURE WOODS. MAR.
10-17, 1965. W. & MeJames 34A (R); yUNGLE FOREST NEAR MONTEVERDE.
June 1962, W. James (R).

16 PeHeye TO) LOGE Es Vol. 21, no. 1

HYPNACEAE

CTENIDIUM MALACODES MiTTe-BRILLANTE, ON FERN RHIZOME. JuLy 25, 1966.
W. JAMES (R); MONTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV. FEB. 1969. W.
James 1969-27 (R;US).

EGTROPOTHECIUM APICULATUM (HorNSCHe) MitTe - MONTEVERDE, RECENT
CLEARINGe JANe 9, 1965. We James 13 and 16 (R)3; on ROCKS IN PAS=
TURE, MonTEveRDE. Mar. 10, 1965. W. & M.eJames 98 (R).

Hypnum AMABILE (MitT.) Hampe - CLoup FoREST oF MONTANA DEL CEDRAL,
S of SAN ANTONIO DE EscAzuU, ELEV. 2000-2400 m. JAN. 1960. C.K.
HoricH (R).

Hyenum MIRABILE BARTRe - MONTEVERDE, PASTURES, ON TREES AND LOGSe
JANs 9, 1965 Me James 5 (R).

Hyenum poLyepTERUM (Mitte) BROTHe - MoNTEVERDE, Woops. OcT. 22, 1963.
W. James (R); PASTURE wooDs. Mare. 17, 1965. We & MeJames 95 (R)s
TREELESS WINDY MOUNTAIN Top, PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST
POINTe Mar. 1963. We James (R3US); MoNTEVERDE, FOREST ALONG SOUTH

Lines Mar. 16, 1969. W. James 1969-86 (US) ann 1969-71 (US).

|SoPTERYGIUM DIMINUTIVUM BARTR. - MONTEVERDE, ON TREES ALONG Guaci-
MAL RIVER. JAN. 1968. W. James 68-19 (R).

MiTTENOTHAMNIUM DIMINUTIVUM (HampE) E.G.BRiTT. - BRILLANTE. JULY 25s
1966. W. JAMES, WITH LOPHOCOLEA coLtumBica Gott. (7). (R); Monte-
VERDE, JUNGLE FOREST. June 1962, W. James (R); woops NEAR MonTE-
VERDE. FeB. 1963. We James (R)3; cLouD FORESTS OF MONTANA DEL
CepraL, S oF San ANTONIO DE Escazu, ELEV. 2000-2400 me JAN.
1960. C.KeHoricH (R).

Mi TTENOTHAMNIUM LANGSDORFFI1 (Hooke) CARD. - MoNTEVERDE, WOODS. OCT.
22, 1963. W. James (R)3 Fee. 1963. W. James 63B41 (R); TREELESS
WINDY MOUNTAIN TOP, PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY, NEAR HIGHEST POINTe
Mar. 1963. W. James (R3US).

Mi TTENOTHAMN1UM LEHMANNI1(BESCHe ) CARD. - MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY
WATER. JUNE 10, 1900. Medames 21 (R); oN TREES AND ROCKS ALONG
GuacimaL River, MoNTEVERDE. JAN. 1968. W. James 68-1 ano 68-8 (R).

Mi TTENOTHAMNIUM MINUSCULIFOLIUM (C.MULL.) Carp. - MoNTEVERDE, WOODS
ALONG PATH TO SPRING.e MAR. 10-17, 1965. We & MeJdames 2, 6, 14, 19,
22, 39, 41B, 50C, 52, 55, 53B, 73, 74 ano 87A. (R); ON TREES

ALONG GUACIMAL RiveR, MONTEVERDE. JAN. 1968. We James 68-20 (R).

MiTTENOTHAMNIUM REPTANS (HEDW.) CarRDe - MONTEVERDE, MOUNTAIN TOP
ALONG TRAIL. DEC. 29, 1964. JERRY James 28 (R); DEEP WooDS ALONG
PATH TO SPRINGe JAN. 10, 1965. M. James 32A ano 34 (R)3 RECENT
CLEARING, MONTEVERDE. JANe 9, 1965. W. James 18 anv 23A (R).

PUIGGARIELLA AURIFOLIA (Mitte) BROoTHe - MONTEVERDE, PASTURES, ON
TREES AND LOGS. JANe 9, 1965. Me James 12 (R)3 same Loce, Dec.
1964. W. JAMES ut (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde

HEPAT ICAE
ANTHOCEROTACEAE
DENDROCEROS cRiIsTATUS (Hook.) Nees - MONTEVERDE, ON TREE IN YARD.
June 14, 1966. M. James 3 (R). DET. PROSKAUER.
HERBERTACEAE

HERBERTA PENSILIS (T.TAYLoR) Spruce - MonTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR
Avono CLEARING. Auc. 3, 1968. W. James (R); MONTEVERDE, FORESTS,

4300 FT. ELEv. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-14 (US).
LEP |COLEACEAE

LepicoLeEA pRUINOosA (T.TAvLoR) SpRUcE - MonTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR
Apono CLEARING. AuG. 3, 1968. W. James (R).

TRI CHOCOLEACEAE

TRICHOCOLEA FLACCIDA (Spruce) Jack ET STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS,
4300 Ft. ELev. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-1 (R).

TRICHOCOLEA TOMENTOSA (Swartz) GotTscHeE = MonTeEVeERDE, CHECO TRAIL
NEAR ADoNo CLEARING. Auc. 3, 1968. We. James (R); MonTEVERDE, FOR-
EST ALONG SouTH LINE. Mare 16, 1969. W. James 1969-109 (R).

LEP|DOZIACEAE

BAZZANIA BREUTELIANA (LINDENS. ET GoTTe) TREVIS.- MONTEVERDE, MOUN=
TAIN TOP ALONG TRAIL. Dec. 29, 1964. Jerry James 27 (R); MonTeE-
VERDE, Forests, 4300 FT. ELEV. FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-28 (R).

BAZZANIA DENTICULATA (LINDENB. ET Gott.) TREVIS.- MONTEVERDE, FOR-
ests, 4300 rt. ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-338 ano 1969-34 (R).

BAZZANIA HOOKERI (LINDENB.) TREVIS.- MonTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.
ELEV. FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-32 (US).

BAZZANIA RORAIMENS!IS (STEPH. ) FuLForRD - MonTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.
ELEV. Fes. 1969. We James 1969-29 (R).

BAZZANIA STOLONIFERA (Swartz) Trevis. - MonNTEVERDE, ForESTS, 4300 FT.

ELEVe FEB. 1969. We James 1969-8 ano 1969-25 (R).

LEP1DOZIA ARMATA STEPH. — MONTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADONO CLEARINGe
Auc. 3, 1968. W. James (R)3 Monteverde, Forests, 4300 FT. ELEV.
Fes. 1969. We James 1969-31 ano 1969-107 (R); Cerro VueLttas, 3000
M ELEVe, RAIN PARAMO, EPILITHICe 1969. Gomez 2117 (R).

LEP1DOZIA BRASILIENSIS STEPH. - MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV.

Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-33A (US).

LepipoziaA PATENS LINDENS. - MoNTEVERDE, FoRESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV. FEB.
1969. W. James 1969-12 (US).

18 PPHGY ‘TO ea cOiGar ek Vol. 21, no.

ACROBOLACEAE

TYLIMANTHUS JAMAICENSIS STEPH. - MonTEVERDE, ForRESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV.

Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-36 (US).

LOPHOCOLEACEAE

CHiLoscypHus comBinATus (Nees) Nees - MonTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR
Apono CLEARING. AuG. 3, 1968. W. James (R;US).

LEPTOSCYPHUS LIEBMANNIANUS (LINDENB. ET Gott.) Mitt. - MoNnTEVERDE,
FOREST ALONG SouTH LINE. MAR. 16, 1969. W. James 1969-11 (R);
BRILLANTE, ON FERN RHIZomME. JuLy 25, 1966. W. James (R).

LoPHOCOLEA cCoLumB1CA GoTTSCHE - BRILLANTE. JULY 25, 1966. W. James (R).

LoPHOCOLEA MARTIANA Nees = MonTEVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965. W. & M. James
76, 77, 87B (R). aa

LopHocoLeaA muricata (LeHm.) NEES - MonTEVERDE. MarR. 10-17, 1965.
W. & M. James 50B (R).

SCAPANI ACEAE

SCAPANIA PORTORICENSIS HamPE ET GoTTSCHE - BRILLANTE. JULY 25, 1966.
W. JAMES (R); MoNTEVERDE, ForESTS, 4300 FT. ELEvV. Fes. 1969. We
James 1969-7 (US).

CEPHALOZ| ACEAE

CEPHALOZIA CARIBBEANIA FULFoRD - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV.
Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-2 (US).

ODONTOSCHISMA LONGIFLORUM (TayLor) STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS,
4300 FT. ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-19A (US).

PLAG | OCH| LACEAE

PLAGIOCHILA ACANTHODA LINDENB. ET GoTTSCHE - MoNTEVERDE, Mar. 10=17,
1965. W. & M. James 70 (R).

PLAGIOCHILA BuRSATA (Desv.) LINDENB. - BRILLANTE, ON FERN RHIZOMES.
Juty 25, 1966. W. James (R); MonTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADONO
CLEARING. Auc. 3, 1968. W. James (R); Monteverde, Forests, 4300
FT. ELEV. Fes. 1969. We. James 1969-22 (R).

PLAGIOCHILA CHINANTLANA GOTTSCHE = MONTEVERDE, ON ROCKS BY WATER»

June 10, 1966. M.James 14 (R).

PLAGIOCHILA CONTINGENS GoTTSCHE - MonTEVeRDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADONO
Ctearina. Auc. 3, 1968. W. James (R); MoNTEVERDE, ON TREES IN
FOREST NEAR MoTAs. Apr. 4, 1969. W. James 1969-94 (mace, US)
ano 1969-89 (remace, US).

PLAGIOCHILA CRISTATA (Swe) Dum. - MonTEVERDE, MARe 10-17, 1965.

W. & M. JAMes 26 AND 35 (R); MonTeveRDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADONO
CLEARING. AUG. 3, 1968, W. James (R); MonTEVERDE, FORESTS ALONG
SoutH Lines Mare 16, 1969. W. James 1969-110 (R).

1971

PLAGIOCHILA
M. JAMES

PLAGIOCHILA

M. JAMES

PLAGIOCHILA
M,. JAMES

PLAGIOCHILA
M. JAMES

W.

JAMES

PLAGIOCHILA
M. JAMES

PLAGIOCHILA

Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde 19

PLAG | OCH! LACEAE

peEmissA GoTTSCHE - MonTEVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965. We &
H2A (R)-

LUDOVICIANA SuLL. - MonTEveRDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965. We. &
38, 40B ano 89 (witH RabuLa compLanaTa) (R).

May 1 966.

ORESITROPHA SPRUCE — MONTEVERDE, RIVER WOODS.
R).

RUTILANS LINDENB. — MonTEVERDE. Mare. 10-17, 1965. We &
Fes. 1969.

80 (R); MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV.
1969-4 (R).
STANDLEY! HERZ. - MONTEVERDE, RIVER woops. May 1966,

R).

VERRUCULOSA SCHUSTER - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT.

ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-18B anno 1969-9 (R;US).

RADULACEAE

RADULA CoMPLANATA (L.) Dum. - MoNTEVERDE, PASTURES, ON TREES AND
Locs. JAN. 9, 1965. M. James 7 (R); MonTEvVERDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965.
W. & M. James 47, 77 (wiTH LoPHOCOLEA MARTIANA), 89 (R).

RADULA ELEGANS STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, FORESTS. Oct. 1967. W. James

PORELLACEAE

PORELLA LIEBMANNIANA (LINDENB. ET GoTTSCHE ) TREVIS. - MONTEVERDE.
Mar. 10-17, 1965. W. & M. James 71 (R).

PORELLA SWARTZIANA (Wes.) Trevis, - MonTeveRDE. Mar. 10-17, 1965.

W. & M.
Mar. 16,

JAMES

2B and 72 (R); MONTEVERDE, FOREST ALONG SOUTH LINE.

19 9. W. JAMES 1969-83 (R).

FRULLAN I ACEAE

FRULLANIA ARECAE (Sprenc.) Spruce - MonTEVERDE. Oct. 1963. W. James
14 (R); MonteverDe, Forests. Mar. 10-17, 1965. W. & M. James 88,
105, wiTH EvosmoLevEUNEA buRiusCcULA. (R).

FRULLANIA ATRATA Nees - MonTEveRDE. Oct. 1963. W. James 17 (R).

FRULLANIA BRASILIENSIS RaoD! - MonTeverRDe. Oct. 1963. W. James 15 (R).
FRULLANIA CUCULLATA LINDENB. ET GoTTSCHE - MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300
FT. ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-17 (R).

FRULLANIA MIRABILIS JACK ET STEPH. - MONTEVERDE. MAR. 10-17, 1965.
W. & M. James 106 (R).

FRULLANIA OSCULATIANA DeENoTtT. - MONTEVERDE, ON TREES, FOREST NEAR
MoTAs. APR. 4, 1969. We James 1969-91 (R;US).

20 POH TO LHOvGiea Vol. 21, no. 1

LEJEUNEACEAE

ARCHILEJEUNEA LEPRIEURI! (Monte) SPRUCE = MoNTEVERDE. MaARe 10-17,
1965. W. & Me James 100 (R).

BRYOPTERIS FRUTICOLOSA TAYLe - MONTEVERDE, MOUNTAIN TOP ALONG TRAIL.
Dec. 29, 1964. Jerry James 28 (R) ano 33 (US); MonTEVERDE, wooDs.
Fes. 1963. W. James (US).

BRYOPTERIS TRINITENSIS (LeHmM. & LiINDENB.) LEHMe ET LINDENB. —- MonTE-
VERDE, ON ROCKS BY WATER. JUNE 10, 1966. M. James 16 (R).

CERATOLEJEUNEA MARITIMA (SprRucE) STEPH. = MONTEVERDE, FoRESTS, 4300
FT.e ELEV. FEB. 1969. W. James 1969-13 (R).

CERATOLEJEUNEA CORNUTA (LINDENB.) SCHIFFNe - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES
OF ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James 4OE (R)s3 ALone
PATH TO SPRING, MONTEVERDEe JANe 10, 1965. Me James 31A (R).

CoLOLEJEUNEA SCABRIFLORA GoTTSCHE Ex STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES
OF ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James 41A (R).

Cotura TENUICORNIS (Evans) STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF ORANGE
AND GRAPEFRUIT, JAN. 15, 1965. W. James HOF (R).

DiPLASIOLEJEUNEA BRACHYCLADA Evans - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF ORANGE
AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965e We. James 4OC, 40H, 41C (R).

DREPANOLEJEUNEA BIOCELLATA EvaANS - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF ORANGE
AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. W. James 40! ano 41A (R).

EVOSMOLEJEUNEA CLAUSA (Nees ET Mont.) EVANS - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES
OF ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James 41D (R)$; Monte-
VERDE, FORESTS ALONG SouTH LINE. MAR. 16, 1969. We. James 1969-
102 (R).

EVOSMOLEJEUNEA DURIUSCULA (NEES) Evans - MoNTEVERDE. MarR. 10-17,
1965. We. & Me James 105, wiTH FRULLANIA aRECAE (R).

HYGROLEJEUNEA CERINA (LEHM. ET LINDENB.) STEPH. - MONTEVERDE, PASTURES,
ON TREES AND LOGS. JANe 9, 1965. We James 10 (R).

HYGROLEJEUNEA PUNCTATA HERZ. - MonTEVERDE. Mare 10-17, 1965. We & Me
James 76, WITH LOPHOCOLEA MARTIANA (R).

LEUCOLEJEUNEA XANTHOCARPA (LEHMe ET LINDENB.) EVANS - MONTEVERDE
Oct. 1963. W. James 13 (R).

MACROLEJEUNEA LANCIFOLIA (STEPH.) HERZ. - MONTEVERDE, PASTURES, ON
TREES AND LOGS. JANe 9, 1965. M. James 14 (R).

NoWELLIA REEDI1 H.eRoBinson = MoNTEVERDE, FORESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV.
Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-42 (HoLotyvpus: US; 1sotypus: REED).

ODONTOLEJEUNEA LUNULATA (WeB.) SCHIFFNe - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF
ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James HOA (R).

OMPHALANTHUS FILIFQRMIS (Sw. ) NEEs - MoNTEVERDE, FOREST ALONG SoUTH
~~ Lines MARe 16, 1969, W. W. James 1969-67 ano 1969-73 (R); MonTeEveRDE,
MOUNTAIN TOP ALONG TRAILe DECe 29, 1964. Jerry James 30 (R);
MonTEVERDE. Octe 1963. W. James 9 (R).

1971 Reed & Robinson, Bryophytes of Monteverde 21

LEJEUNEACEAE

PELTOLEJEUNEA OVALIS (LINDENB. ET GoTTsCHE) SPRUCE = MONTEVERDE, ON
LEAVES OF ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James 40D (R).

PRIONOLEJEUNEA MUCRONATA (Lac.) STEPH. - MONTEVERDE. MAR. 10-17,1965.
W. & M. James 34B, 50A, 69, 108 (on PiLoTRICHELLA imeRicaTA) (R);
ALONG PATH TO SPRING, MONTEVERDE. JAN. 10, 1965. M. James 34 (R).

RECTOLEYEUNEA MAxoNI! Evans - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF ORANGE AND
GRAPEFRUIT. JAN. 15, 1965. We James 41B(1), 41A ano 41E (R).

STICTOLEJEUNEA KUNZEANA (GoTTSCHE) SCHIFFNe - MONTEVERDE, FOREST
ALONG SouTH Line. Mare 16, 1969. W. James 1969-66 (US).

STICTOLEJEUNEA SQUAMATA (WiLLD.) SCHIFFNe - MoNTEVERDE, woods. OcT.
1967. W. James (R3US).

TAXILEJEUNEA OB8TUSANGULA (Spruce) Evans - MONTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF
ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965. We James 40G ann 41A (R).

TAXILEJEUNEA PTEROGONIA (LEHM. ET LiNDENB. ) STEPH. - MONTEVERDE,
UNDER EAVES OF GREENHOUSE. JAN. 11, 1965. Me James 29 (R);3 MonTe-
VERDE, FOREST ALONG SouTH LINE. MARe 16, 1969. W. James 1969-70.

TRACHYLEJEUNEA INFLEXA (Hampe) STEPHe - MONTEVERDE, ON TREES IN FOR-
EST NEAR MoTase ApRe 4, 1969. We James 1969-100 (R).

DI LAENACEAE

SYMPHYOGYNA BRONGNIARTII MoNT.e - MONTEVERDE, ROAD BANKe May 29, 1966.
W. James 27 (R).

METZGER| ACEAE

METZGERIA CONJUGATA LINDENB. —- MONTEVERDE. Octe 1963. We James 7 (R);
MONTEVERDE, FoRESTS, 4300 FT. ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 196 -15.

MeTZGERIA FRUTICULOSA (Dicxs.) Evans - MoNTEVERDE, ON LEAVES OF ORANGE
AND GRAPEFRUITe JANe 15, 1965 We James 40B(2) (R).

METZGERIA HAMATA LINDBe = MONTEVERDE, CHECO TRAIL NEAR ADoNno CLEAR=
ince Auc. 3, 1968. W. James (R); Monteverde, Forests, 4300 FT.
ELEV. Fes. 1969. W. James 1969-19B (R).

ANEURACEAE
RICCARDIA MULTIFIDA (L.) S.F.Gray - MonTEVeRDE, Forests, 4300 FT.
ELEVe Fee. 1969. We James 1969-3 (R).
MONOCLEACEAE
MONOCLEA GOTTSCHE! LINDB. — MONTEVERDE, ON TREE, RIVER WOODS. JUNE
7, 1966. M. James 9 (R).

MARCHANT | ACEAE
DumorRTiERA HiRsUTA (Sw.) Nees - MONTEVERDE, EaTons PATH, RIVER CLIFF,
4500 Ft. ELEV. MarR. 9, 1969. W. James 1969-88 (R).

MARCHANTIA CHENOPODA L. = MONTEVERDE, ROAD BANKe May 29, 1966._W.
JAMES 23, 24, 25, 26 (R); ON GROUND ALONG RIVER, wooos, MoNTE-
VERDE. JUNE 7, 1966, Me. James 7 (R); on PASTURE LOG, MONTEVERDE.
June 13, 1966. Me James 2 (R)e

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (COMPOSITAE). XXXIII.

THE GENUS GYPTIS

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Gyptis of Cassini is the oldest name for a group of plants
which have often mistakenly been placed in the genus Conocliniun.
These plants which occur in Brazil and adjacent areas have flat
receptacles, 4-26 flowers per head, thick densely setose achenes,
very prominent papillae on the inside and outside surface of the
corolla lobes and many hairs on the outside surface of the
corolla lobes. The plants with their rather long scapose inflor-
escences, compact clusters of heads and often bluish or lavender
flowers do resemble Conoclinium (King & Robinson, 1970) and the
related Brazilian genus, Barrosoa (King & Robinson, 197la).
These three genera along with Lourteigia (1971b) of the northern
Andes, share papillose outer surfaces of the corolla and highly
ornamented walls of the anther collar cells. There is every
reason to place them together in a group which we would refer to
as Gyptoid. Only striking differences in pappus structure and
slight differences in carpopodium structure separate the related
group which we refer to as Ageratoid.

One feature of the achene of Gyptis may be more the result
of its shape than of relationship. The achenes are very broad
and the minute punctations on the lateral surfaces are usually
arranged in prominent transverse rows. Similar rows of puncta-
tions have been observed in other groups such as Disynaphia
which are not considered closely related.

In G. artemisifolia, we have seen a few papillae on the
base of the style which might suggest some relationship to the
Eupatorioids. Distinctions between the groups are clear,
however. One species often associated with Gyptis, Eupatorium
oblongifolium Sch.-Bip. ex Baker is definitely a Stomatanthes
(Robinson, 1970) in the Eupatorioid series having non-papillose
corolla lobes and occasional stomates.

Gyptis (Cassini) Cassini, Dict. Sci. Nat. 16: 10. 1820.

Perennial herbs usually with tuberous tap roots. Stems
erect, sparingly branched. Leaves opposite often becoming
alternate above, ovate to bipinnatifid, serrulate to deeply
cleft. Inflorescence usually densely corymbose or cymose.
Involucre of 16-25 lanceolate to linear truncate scales in 2-3
series; receptacle flat, glabrous. Head with 4-26 flowers,
corollas narrowly funnelform, strongly papillose on both sur-
faces of lobes, hairs and often glands on outer surface of lobes,

22

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Gyptis 23

cells of tube narrow with sinuous walls; anther collar with
mostly quadrate or short rectangular cells below, walls with
transverse or oblique thickened bands. Anther appendages
elongate with rather large cells; style base not enlarged, style
appendages with distinct usually pointed papillae, appendages
sometimes slightly enlarged; achenes prismatic, 5-costate, costae
and lateral surfaces densely setiferous, minute punctations in
rather regular transverse bands. Carpopodia very short, of very
quadrate rather thin-walled cells. Pappus of many setae, apical
cells of setae usually subacute or pointed.

Type species: Gyptis pinnatifida Cassini

Chromosome number not determined.

Key to species of Gyptis

1. Style branches with rather broad short-papillose appendages
G. commersonii
1. Style branches slender with pointed long papillae.
2. Leaves pinnately-bipinnately dissected.
3. Plants with few or no branches above the base, inflores-
cence usually of one or a few rather dense corymbs or

cymes G. pinnatifida
3. Plants with many axillary branches, inflorescence rather
diffuse G. artemisifolia
2. Leaves ovate with crenate or serrate margins.
4. Phyllaries with unmodified tips G. inornata
4. Phyllaries with densely pubescent and often much broadened
tips.
5. Leaves nearly glabrous, with some short hairs near the
margin G. alternifolia

. Leaves densely pubescent.

6. Leaves with short pubescence, blades elliptical-
lanceolate G. vernoniopsis

6. Leaves coarsely long-pubescent, blades often rhomboid-
ovate G. lanigera

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
seven species.

Gyptis alternifolia (Schultz-Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Robin-
Son, comb. nov. Eupatorium alternifolium Schultz-Bip. ex
Baker in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(2): 333. 1876. Argentina,
Brazil, Paraguay.

Gyptis artemisifolia (Griseb. in Goett.) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium artemisifolium Griseb. in Goett.
Abh. 24: 171. 1879. Argentina.

Gyptis commersonii Cassini, Dict. Sci. Nat. 20: 178. 1821.

2h Pony? 01170" Geb a Vol. 21, nose

Eupatorium bacleanum A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 157. 1836.
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

Gyptis inornata R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
G. lanigerae Hook. & Arn. affinis sed involucri squamae
inornatae

Brazil, Parana: Jaguariahyva, Dusen 14938 Holotype US!
Dusen 11679 US

The simple narrowly acute involucral bracts are very distinct
from all the other species of the genus. In other characters,
the species is very close to the forms of G. lanigera having
narrowly oblong ovate leaf blades and rather spreading violet
colored cymose to corymbose infloresences.

Gyptis lanigera (Hook. & Arn.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
upatorium lanigerium Hook. & Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot. Mag.
1: 242. 1835. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay.

Gyptis pinnatifida Cassini, Dict. Sc. Nat. 20: 178. 1821.
Eupatorium ceratophyllum Hook. & Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1: 240. 1835. Eupatorium tanacetifolium Gill. ex Hook.
& Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 242. 1835. Eupatorium
erodiifolium A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 158. 1836. Gyptis

eucedanifolia Schultz-Bip. ex Baker, in Mart., Fl. Bras.
AGE 333. 1876. Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay.

Gyptis vernoniopsis (Schultz-Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium vernoniopsis Schultz-Bip. ex Baker in
Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(2): 334. 1876. Eupatorium aureoviride

IEE OF

Chod., in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 309. 1902.
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Species excluded

Gyptis baccharoides Schultz-Bip. ex Baker = Symphyopappus
viscosus Schultz -Bip. ex Baker.

Gyptis oblongifolia Schultz-Bip. ex Baker = Stomatanthes
oblongifolius (Schultz-Bip. ex Baker) H.Robinson.
Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant GB - 20502 to the senior author.

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Gyptis 25
Literature Cited

King, R. M. & H. Robinson. 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XIII. The genus Conoclinium. Phytologia
19: 299-300

& . 197la. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae) . XXXIV. A new genus, Barrosoa. Phytologia

21: 26-27.

& . 1971b. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae) . XXxv. A new genus, Lourteigia. Phytologia
21: 28-30.

Robinson, H. 1970. South American species of Stomatanthes
(Eupatorieae, Compositae). Phytologia 20: 334-338.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (COMPOSITAE). XXXIV.

A NEW GENUS, BARROSOA

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Among the species that can be roughly sorted into the Gyptoid
group in Brazil, there are two very distinctive groups. One, hav-
ing very broad achenes with many setae and indistinct carpopodia
and highly papillose style branches,is true Gyptis. The other
group, having more slender achenes with few or no setae, very
distinct carpopodia of large cells and rather smooth style
branches, is here named as the new genus Barrosoa. The complex
has been related to Conoclinium of North America. Barrosoa does
have conical receptacles such as are found in Conoclinium, but
Gyptis has only flat receptacles.

Barrosoa differs from Conoclinium by the acute tips on its
pappus setae, the very prominent carpopodia with large cells,
the hairs on the outside of the corolla lobes and the nearly
smooth style branches.

The genus is also related to Lourteigia of the northern
Andes and one species B. morichalana (Aristeguieta) R.M.King &
H.Robinson occurs in both Venezeula and Colombia. This is, how
ever, a plant of low elevations, occuring in llanos in the
Orinoco region. Lourteigia is a genus of strictly higher elev-
ations. Lourteigia also differs in the smaller cells of its
carpopodium, the less differentiated cells on the inner surface
of its corolla lobes and its always flat receptacles.

We take great pleasure in naming this new genus in honor of
Dr. Graziela Maciel Barroso, the leading authority on Brazilian
Compositae.

Barrosoa R.M.King and H.Robinson, genus novum Compositarum
(Eupatorieae). Plantae suffrutescentes pauce ramosae minute
pubescentes. Folia opposita vel superne alterna lanceolata
serrata vel crenulata distincte breviter petiolata. Inflores-
centiae dense corymbosae. Imvolucri squamae ca 15-25 subaequi-
longae 2-seriatae anguste lanceolatae subimbricatae; receptacula
convexa vel conica glabra. Flores 20-55 in capitulo; corollae
infundibulares, tubis laevibus, cellulis angustis, parietibus
sinuosis, lobis utrinque valde papillosis extus setiferis et
glanduliferis, cellulis interioribus brevibus ab inferioribus
valde distinctis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore elong-
ata, cellulis plerumque breviter rectangularibus brevioribus,
parietibus dense transverse vel oblique ornatis, cellulis
exothecialibus plerumque subquadratis vel brevioribus, appendici-
bus antherarum late ovatis oblongis; styli inferne non nodulosi
glabri, appendicibus tenuibus sublaevibus; achaenia prismatica

26

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus, Barrosoa 27

5-costata glandulifera superne vix constricta; carpopodia
distincta magna,cellulis subquadratis inflatis; pappi seti-
formes, uniseriati, setis 25-30 gracilibus scabris persistentibus,
cellulis apicalibus acutis vel subacutis.

Species typica: Eupatorium candolleanum Hook. & Arn.

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
six species.

Barrosoa betonicaeformis (A.P.Decandolle) R.M.King and H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Conoclinium betonicaeforme A.P. Decandolle,
Prodr. 5: 135. 1836. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

Barrosoa cabrerae (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
upatorium cabrerae B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. 90: 21.
1930. Argentina, Uruguay?

Barrosoa candolleana (Hook. & Arn.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Bupatorium candolleanum Hook & Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1: 243. 1835. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,

Uruguay.
Barrosoa morichalana (Aristeguieta) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.

nov. Supatorium morichalanum Aristeguieta, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 9: 367. 1957. Colombia, Venezeula.

Barrosoa ramboi(Cabrera) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
upatorium ramboi Cabrera, Sellowia 15: 207. 1963. Brazil.

Barrosoa viridiflora (Baker) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Conoclinium viridiflorum Baker, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(2):
309. 1876. Brazil.
Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant GB - 20502 to the senior author.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (COMPOSITAE). XXXV.

A NEW GENUS, LOURTEIGIA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Six species from the northern Andes are here recognized as
a new genus related to Gyptis (King & Robinson, 197la), Cono-
clinium (King & Robinson, 1970b), Barrosoa (King & Robinson,
1971b) , and showing some microscopic resemblance to Fleischmannia
(King & Robinson, 1970a). Some of the species have been referred
to the section Conoclinium but they lack the conical receptacle
of that group. The most distinctive features of the genus
Lourteigia are the rather consistent presence of 20 flowers per
head, the distinct carpopodium of small firm-walled cells and
the extreme constriction of the achene under the pappus. In this
latter feature, the achene is narrowed to a third or less of its
normal width and the pappus which is easily broken off, has a
flat or even concave undersurface.

Some resemblance has been noted between Lourteigia and
Fleischmannia. Actual close relationship is doubted. The cells
on the inner surface of the corolla lobes of Lourteigia do not
have the projecting upper ends that are so distinctive in
Fleischmannia. In fact, the corolla lobes can hardly be called
papillose on the inside though they have recessed walls between
the cells. The cells on the insides of the corolla lobes are
not markedly distinct from those of the corolla tube as they are
in the genus Barrosoa. The cells at the base of the anther
collars in Lourteigia are obviously short and some have oblique-
ly or vertically oriented thickenings. The anther collars of
Fleischmannia have only transverse thickenings and any short
cells are not obvious.

Lourteigia R.M.King & H.Robinson, genus novum Compositarum
(iupatexiouey Plantae perennes herbaceae repentes vel frutes-
centes pauce vel dense ramosae. Paginae caulium et paginae
abaxiales foliorum saepe mollissime albo-tomentosae. Folia
opposita ovata vel anguste elliptica crenulata vel serrata,
petiolo brevi. Inflorescentiae dense corymbosae. Involucri
squamae ca. 20-25 inaequilongae 3-4-seriatae lanceolatae; recept-
acula plana glabra vel minute pubescentia. Flores 20 in cap-
itulo; corollae infundibulares intus nonpapillosae glabrae,
cellulis angustis, parietibus sinuosis, lobis extus dense seti-
feris et ad apicem valde papillosis; filamenta antherarum in
parte superiore tenuia, cellulis plerumque breviter rectangular-
ibus inferioribus brevioribus, parietibus dense tranverse vel
oblique ornatis, cellulis exothecialibus plerumque subquadratis
vel brevioribus, appendicibus antherarum late ovatis vel oblongis;

28

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus, Lourteigia 29

styli inferne non nodulosi glabri, appendicibus valde antrorse
papillatis; achaenia prismatica 5-costata pauce setifera vel
subglabra superne valde constricta; carpopodia distincta plerum-
que asymmetrica obturaculiformia, cellulis quadratis paullo
parvis, parietibus inter cellulas incrassatis dense moniliform-
ibus; pappus saepe in monadis deciduus, setis ca. 30 gracilibus
persistentibus, cellulis apicalibus acutis.

Species typica: Eupatorium stoechadifolium L. f.

Chromosome number determined as n = 10 (Powell & King, 1969).

It is with great pleasure that we name this new genus in
honor of Dr. Alicia Lourteig of the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie,
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Her work has
contributed greatly to the taxonomy of South American plants.

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
six species.

Lourteigia dichroa (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium dichroum B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb.
73: 10. 1924. Colombia.

Lourteigia humilis (Benth.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Conoclinium humile Benth., Pl. Hartw. 199. 1845. Colombia.

Lourteigia lanulata (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium lanulatum B.L.Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad.
5h: 249. 1918. Colombia.

Lourteigia microphylla (L.f.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium microphyllum L.f., Suppl. 355. 1781. Colombia.

Lourteigia ornatiloba (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
fee nov. LHupatorium ornatilobum B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. 80: 27. 1928. Colombia.

Lourteigia stoechadifolia (L.f.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Hupatorium stoechadifolium L.f., Suppl. 355. 1781.
Colombia, Venezuela.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant GB-20502 to the senior author.

30 Paley: Ty Opty OnGs te A Vol. 21, no. 1

Literature Cited

King, R. M. & H. Robinson. 1970a. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XVIII. New combinations in Fleischmannia.

Phytologia 19: 201-207.

& - 1970b. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XIII. The genus Conoclinium. Phytologia
19: 299-300.

& . l1971la. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XXXIII. The genus Gyptis. Phytologia
21: 22-25.

& . 1971b. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Compositae). XXXIV. A new genus, Barrosoa. Phytologia

21: 26-27.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS HIEROBOTANA. I

Harold N. Moldenke

HIEROBOTANA Bria.

Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl.,
ed. folio, 2: 221, pl. 135 (1817), ed. quart., 2: pl. 135 (1817),
and ed. quart., 273—27l. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 873.
1821; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 749. 1825; Steud.

Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 60). 163;
Narnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 500. 1902; Hayek in Engl.,
Bot. Jahrb. 2: 16. 1908; M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. 33.
1911; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 1031, 1032, & 100. 1950;
Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Bot. Fam. 17: h. 1956; J. F. Macbr.,
Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): [Fl. Peru] 610. 1960; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 7: 300—-30). 1960; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 36: 719. 1961;
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.4: 22). 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 7:
8. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 9: 31 (1963) and 9: 397. 196h3 F. A.
Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 75 & 173. 1965; Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 12: 6. 1965; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7,
545. 1966; Anon., Torrey Bot. Club Ind. Am. Bot. Lit. 3: 309. 1969.

HIEROBOTANA INFLATA (H.B.K.) Briq.

Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena inflata Humb. & Bonpl.
ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 873. 1821. Verbena inflata Humb. ex
Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 79. 1825. Verbena inflata
Humb. & Kunth ex Benth., Pl. Hartweg. 25. 1846. Hierobotana in-
flata (Kunth) Briq. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: 9, in syn. 1960.
Hierobotana inflata (H.B.K.) Hieron. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 7:
8, in syn. 1963.

Emended illustrations: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio,
2: pl. 135 [in color] (1817) and ed. quart., 2: pl. 135. 1817.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a low woody herb, for-
ming spreading mats, the roots large, and the calyx green, tipped
purple. Barclay & Juajibioy 8216 is said to have had the corollas
"lavender to almost white, deeper color in throat of tube, with
hairs". The plant has been found growing in dry desery climates,
in sandy soil, on rocky hillsides and dry slopes, in open deserts
and open grassy paramos, along disturbed roadsides, and among
sparse grasses and low plants in dry open flat areas with some sand
dunes, at altitudes of 1200--3700 meters, flowering and fruiting
in March, April, July, September, and November.

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as
Verbena microphylla H.B.K.

Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Barclay & Juajibioy
8216 (N); Fagerlind & Wibom s.n. [Guamote, X.1952] (Mi); F.C. Leh-
mann 17, (Bm); Rimbach 176 (W--154716); Rose & Rose 22,00 (W--
1022053), 23906 (W--1023216); Sparre 18533 (S). Cotopaxd: Barclay
& Juajibioy 7985 (N); Sparre 15655 (S), 15845 (S).

31

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAOH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XII

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA CANDICANS (Burm. f.) Hochr.

Prain (1903) tells us that this species is "often cultivated;
occasionally naturalised in C[entral] Bengal. A large shrub;
native of the Malay peninsula", called "arusha" in Bengal. Uphof
(1968) reports that in Hindu medicine a decoction is made of the
roots, leaves, and bark and that this is used in the treatment of
skin diseases, parts of the plant are employed as an arrow-poison,
and in the Philippines a decoction of the leaves is used as a
fish-poison.

Vidal y Soler (1885) cites Cuming 1283 from the Philippine Is-
lands, while Chang (1951) cites C. I. Lei 731, as well as nos.

and/or herbaria whose names, unfortunately, he gives only in
Chinese characters. For some reason unknown to me, Chang in-
cludes C. americana Lour. in the synonymy of what is now known as
C. kochiana Mak., but most authorities, including myself, regard
it as conspecific with C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr.

The H. H. Bartlett 1711 and Kjellberg 96, distributed and in
the case of the latter also cited by me as C. candicans, are actu-
ally C. bicolor A. L. Juss., H. H. Bartlett 1698a and Quezon 1
(Herb. Philip. Forest. Bur. 30258] are C. erioclona Schau., and
B. C. Stone 3931 is C. erioclona var. paucinervia (Merr.) Moldenke.

CALLICARPA CANDICANS var. SUMATRANA (Miq.) Moldenke

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
308. 1951; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.12: 23 & 42h. 1967; Moldenke,
Phytologia 15: 20. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 199. 1968.

CALLICARPA CATHAYANA Chang

Additional & emended bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax,.
Sin. 1: 300, 305, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 140. 1966.

Chang (1951) describes this species as follows: "Frutex circ.
1.5 m altus. Ramuli graciles teretes pallide cinerei, hornotini
sparse stellato-lepidoti vel glabrescentes, annotini glabri sparse
lenticellati. Folia membranacea ovato-lanceolata, l—-7 cm longa,
1.5--2.5 cm lata, basin versus abrupte longe attenuata, apice
acuminata, in parte 3/l susperiore densissime serrulata, supra
viridia sparsissime puberula et rubro-punctata, subtus paulo pal-
lidiora glabra dense rubro-punctata; nervi utrinsecus 5--7 supra
conspicui subtus elevati fere recti ascendentes prope marginem
arcuato-anastomosantes; petioli 2—l mm longi. Flores violaceo-
purpurei in cymis gracilibus ter dichotomis paucifloris 1.5 cm

32

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 33

latis, stellato-lepidotis, pedunculis 5--7 mm longis, pedicellis
2 mm longis aggregati; calyx 0.8 mm longus, truncatus, ut corolla
et antherae rubro-punctatus, lobis inconspicuis; corolla 2 mm
longa, lobis 0.5 mm longis; stamina paulo exserta, filamentis
tubum corollae subaequantibus, antheris circ. 1.5 mm longis poro
apicali dehiscentibus; ovarium glabrum, sttylo stamina superante.
Fructus purpureus 1.5 mm diametro."

The species is based on S. H. Chun 2171 from Canton, Kwangtung,
China, deposited in the herbarium of the Sotanical Institute,
Sunyatsen oe Canton. a se i cites also H. -.

tung, S. K. K. "Lee 81099 from tvanget, Ss. K a Log a and H. M. Mo

20966 from | Kiangsi, and W. Cheng 1027 and Lite C. Keng 2382 from
Kiangsu. - beeen that t ioe species is is related to Cc. C. bodinieri
var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. . Koch, and C.

japonica var. angustata Rehd., with which taxa he compares it.

CALLICARPA CAUDATA Maxim.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 363. 1968.

Sayers describes this plant as an erect shrub, found in regrowth
at the sites of old village gardens in New Guinea, producing
deep-mauve fruit. The corollas are described as "lavender" on H.
H. Bartlett 13211 and as "pale-mauve" on Sayers N.G.F.21)99. The
E. D. Merrill 1 "7115", cited in Phytologia 15: 20 (1967), is an
error in transcription for E. D. Merrill 8117. The Mearns &
Hutchinson s.n. [May 1906], “distributed as c. caudata, is | is actual-
ly c. merrillii Moldenke.

Callicarpa merrillii may be distinguished readily from C.
caudata by the simple hairs on the lower leaf-surfaces, but the
two taxa are obviously closely related.

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS-
LANDS: Bohol: M. Ramos s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 3310) (Ww
1292598). Luzon: H. ee “Bartlett 13211 (Mi). MELANESIA: NEW
GUINEA: Northeastern New Guinea: Sayers N.G.F.21h99 (Mi).

CALLICARPA COLLINA Diels

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
299, 301—303, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 147--148
(1966) and 16: 453. 1968.

Chang (1951) cites only the type collection of this taxon, can-
paring it with C, rubella Lindl. and C. brevipes (Benth. ) Hance.
He maintains C. . brevipes f. yingtakensis P'ei as a valid taxon,
citing the type collection and also nos. 145 & 52981 of collectors
and/or herbaria whose names he gives onl; only in in Chinese characters.

CALLICARPA DENTICULATA Merr.
Additional bibliography: Quisumbing, a Ecol. Res. Humid
Trop. Veg. 35. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: %3 & 373. 1968.

3h Pin YY ADO 4s OG Ick Vol. 21, néo

CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) K. Koch

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa dichotoma K. Koch ex H.-T. Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 271, 288, & 307. 1951.

Additional & emended bibliography: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr.
Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2 [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] 269, pl. 10, fig. 9.
1895; Lévl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 12: 182. 19133 Kanehira,
Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 642—63 & 716. 1936; T. H. Everett, Cat.
Hardy Trees & Shrubs 16. 192; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2:
83. 1948; Hottes, Book of Shrubs, ed. 5, 167. 1950; H.-T. Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 271, 280, 288, 294--295, 305, 307,
310, & 311. 1951; Hottes, Book of Shrubs, [ed. 6, pr. 1], 167.
1952; Core, Pl. Tax. 402. 1955; Hottes, Book of Shrubs, [ed. 6,
pr. 2], 167 (1958) and [pr. 3], 167. 1959; E. L. D. Seymour, Wise
Gard. Encycl., ed. 6, 211. 1963; J. Bush-Brown, Shrubs & Trees
Home Landsc. 72 & [205]. 1963; Radford, Ahles, & Bell, Guide
Vasc. Pl. Carol. 282 & 283. 196; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763--764. 1965;
Thornberry, U. S. Dept. Agr. Agric. Handb. 165: 78. 1966;
Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl. 37. 1967; Ornduff, Reg. Veg. 50:
86 & 124. 1967; Glasau, Sommergr. Ziergeh. 6. 1967; E. Lawrence,
South. Gard., ed. 2, 186. 1967; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.11: 205.
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 363—36h, 377, 378, & 451. 1968;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17 & 19 (1968) and 17: 7. 1968.

Additional & emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr.
Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] pl. 10, fig. 9.
1895; Hottes, Book of Shrubs, ed. 5, 167 (1950), [ed. 6, pr. 1],
ce (1952), [ed. 6, pr. 2], 167 (1958), and [ed. 6, pr. 3], 167.

959 »

Chang (1951) cites the K. Koch reference in the literature of
this species as "2: 336" and he regards C. taquetii Lévl. as a
synonym of C. dichotoma, whereas I classify it as C. japonica var.
taquetii (Léveillé) Nakai.

Sykes describes the corollas of C. dichotoma as "mauve" and
the fruit as “purple, globose, shining", questioning whether his
no. 202/66 is the "?same plant as no, 156063". Santamour (1967)
gives its chromosome number as n = 18,

Tatnall (1947) notes that the species was "escaped and well
established in a swampy thicket along Lee's River, Wilmington.
Locality long since destroyed". Radford, Ahles, & Bell (196)
aver that it is "rare in bogs" in Henderson County, North Caroli-
na, flowering there from July to frost and fruiting from Septem-
ber to frost. Additional vernacular names for the plant are
"ko-shikibu" and "purple pearl", the former recorded from Japan,
the latter from Hongkong. Ohwi (1965) gives its distribution as
"Honshiu, Shikoku, Hyushu, Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa".

Thornberry (1966) implies that the following fungi are known
to (or may) attack this species: Atractilina callicarpae Dearn.
& Barth., Botryosphaeria callicarpae Cke., Cercospora callicarpae
Cke., Coniothyrium callicarpae Cke., Meliola cookeana Soeg., Nec-
tria cinnabarina Tode, and Physalospora obtusa (Schw.) Cke., al-
though it seems most probable to me that most, if not all, of

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 35

these records apply to the native C. americana L.

Ohwi (1965) records the name "murasaki-shikibu zoku" for the
genus Callicarpa as a whole and keys out the Japanese species
known to him as follows: [nomenclature brought up to date]

1. Plants glabrous or thinly pubescent; calyx glabrous, with very
short teeth.

2. Leaf-blades caudate, glandular-dotted on both surfaces......

C. japonica var. luxurians
2a. Leaf-blades acuminate to acute at the apex, glandular—
dotted on the underside only.
3. Cymes supra-axillary; anthers broadly ellipsoidal........«.

C. dichotoma
3a. Cymes axillary. ie
4. Corolla 1 m. long, not glandular-dotted; branches
slightly h-angled; leaf-blades with 12--1) pairs of
SOCONGATICS oo eee eeceeeceeccecccceeecee ee takakumensis
ha. Corolla 3--5 mm. long, glandular-dotted; branches ter-
ete; leaf-blades with only 5--9 pairs of secondaries..
C. japonica
la. Plants densely soft-pubescent to villous; calyx pubescent, 4-
fid.
5. Leaves 5—10 cm. long, rounded to obtuse at the base;
branches and leaves with whitish stellate hairs less than
1 mm. long; calyx-lobes lanceolate; flowers —5 mm. long,
about 10 in a cyme; anthers 1.5-—-2 mm. long......C. mollis
Sa. Leaves 15--30 cm. long, gradually narrowed at the base;
branches and petioles with pinnately branched hairs 1.5—3
mm. long; calyx-lobes linear; flowers about 1.5 mm. long,
very many in a cyme; anthers about 0.7 mm. long...ceceeeee
C. kochiana
Chang (1951) cites Courtois 5693, J. M. Gilchrist 107, T. Hai
281, Matthew 485, McClure 20556, and T. M. Tsui 395 & 666, as
well as nos. 112, 251, 589, 682, 815, 1197, 123, 1791, 2h91, 298,
2709, 2766, 4012, 4521, 4541, 4546, 5127, 5201, 6394, 7217, 7260,

22939, 23862, 2679, 29682, 30621, 3146), 32187, 2071, 4032,
52729, 53008, 67086, 67139, 67155, 74855, 83642, 84702, 96330,

105193, & 130045 of collectors and/or herbaria whose names, unfor-
tunately, he gives only in Chinese characters.

Tokyo 11023], and Tsang 21346, distributed as C. dichotoma, are
all actually C. japonica var. angustata Rehd., while Chiao 2617
is C. japonica var. rhombifolia H. J. Lam and C. Ford s.n. is C.
nudiflora Hook. & Arn. Tsui 601 appears to be a mixture of C.
dichotoma and C. japonica var. angustata. We
Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu:
Okamoto s.n. [Sept. 9, 191] (Ws); S. Suzuki s.n. [Oct. 2, 1951)
(Se--111360); Togasi 380 (Se—1h722). CULTIVATED: Japan: Togasi

36 PRY TOL O1Grik Vol. 21, no. 1

1667 (Se—202650). Maryland: Cowgill 960 [F. H. B. 76216] (Mi).
New Jersey: A. L. Moldenke s.n. [August t 1h, 1968] (Ps—167). New
Zealand: W. R. Sykes 202/66 (Nz—-171138, Rf).

CALLICARPA DOLICHOPHYLIA Merr.
Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
293. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 21. 1967.

CALLICARPA ELEGANS Hayek
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 36. 1968.
The Ramos & Edafio sen. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 46955], dis-
tributed as | es elegans, i: is actually C. formosana var. angustata
Moldenke. On the other hand, material of C. elegans has been
misidentified and distriniiea in herbaria as Cc. micrantha Vid.
Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS-
LANDS: Luzon: Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 45614)

(B, Ca—309261, Z).

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA Schau.

Additional bibliography: Vidal y Soler, Phan. Cuming. Philip.
13. 1885; Gibbs, Contrib. Phytogeog. & Fl. Arfak Mts. 218. 19175
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 455. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 16:
36h, 381, & 388. 1968.

Quezon describes this plant as attaining a height of ) Mey
growing in open cultivated areas, and used as a fish-poison in
Mindanao. Gibbs (1917) states that it is common at the edges of
forests and in clearings, flowering and fruiting in January. He
cites Gibbs 6205 and Lesson s.n. from New Guinea and Teijsmann
s.n. from Mansinama Island. He says "This plant is distinguish-
ed from C. cana L. by the large, more lanceolate, irregularly
serrate leaves, with very white pubescence underneath, and white
flowers with longer exserted stamens. C. repanda K. Sch. & Warb.
is possibly a synonym of this plant."

The Elmer 18086, distributed as C. erioclona, is actually C.
bicolor A. L. Juss.

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS-
LANDS: Luzon: H. H. Bartlett 1453 (Mi), 14629 (Mi), 14698a (Mi).
Mindanao: Quezon a (Herb. Philip. Forest. Bur. 30258] F (Sion

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA var. PAUCINERVIA (Merr.) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 36. 1968.
Recent collectors describe this plant as shrubby or as a shrub

2 to 31/2 feet tall, with woody stems, growing on low limestone

cliffs or at the edges of such cliffs, flowering in March and

November, and fruiting in March. The corollas are described as

"mauve" and the fruit as black on Henty & Frodin N.G.F.27280 and

the fruit as purplish on B. C. Stone 3931.
Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: MARIANA ISLANDS:

Guam: B. C. Stone 3931 (W—210420). PALAU ISLANDS: Peleliu:

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 37

Hayne s.n. [1 Nov. 1945] (Mi). MELANESIA: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO:
New Britain: Henty & Frodin N.G.F.27280 (N).

CALLICARPA ERYTHROSTICTA Merr. & Chun

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
280, 29h, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 18). 1966.

Chang (1951) cites the type collection of this species and a
no. 71998, with the name of the collector or herbarium given only
in Chinese characters, and gives its relationship as being with
C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch.

CALLICARPA FERRUGINEA Sw.

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst.
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 246 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 246. 17963; Mol-
ore Phytologia 15: 2). 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49: 1325.
19 .

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in woods and
in montane rainforests, at 5000 feet altitude, and describe it
as a shrub, the corollas white, the filaments and anthers purple,
flowering in June.

Additional citations: CUBA: Oriente: Alain & Clément 877 (W—
2288006). JAMAICA: G. R. Proctor 6802 (W--2588117) .

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA Rolfe

Additional & emended bibliography: Matsuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo
27: 273--27). 1913; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921;
Kanehira, Formos, Trees, ed. 2, 643—6h), & 716, fig. 599. 1936;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 56—58, 62,
71, 86, & 87 (1942) and [ed. 2], 130, 131, 133—135, 1h0, 157, &
177. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 282, 283,
286, 287, & 310. 1951; Sonohara, Tawada, & Amano, ed. E. H. Wal-
ker, Fl. Okin. 131. 1952; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. :
(Enum. Tracheophyt. Ryukyu Isls. 7:] 46. 1955; Prain, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.12: 42) &
425. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. hg: 1325, 2290, & 199. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 364—366 & h7. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 16: 11. 1968.

Emended illustrations: Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 63,
fig. 599. 1936.

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in open woods
and report the vernacular variant "h6rai-murasaki".

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: RYUKYU ISLAND
ARCHIPELAGO: OKINAWAN ISLANDS: Okinawa: Amano 7803 (Ta); Kana-
shiro 1 (Ta). FORMOSA: Degener & Degener 28978 (N). PHILIP-
hg ISLANDS: Luzon: Kienholz s.n. [Los Bafios, Nov. 1922] (Mi,
Mi).

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA f. ANGUSTATA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365. 1968.
Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS-
LANDS: Luzon: Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 6955]

38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 1
(Ca-~30992) .

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA var. CHINENSIS P'ei

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa peii Chang, Act. Phytotax.
Sin. 1: 282—283. 1951. Callicarpa integerrima sensu P'ei apud
Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 282, in syn. 1951 [not C. integer-
rima Champ., 1853, nor Lindl., 1936].

~~ Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
282-~283. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26. 1967.

Chang (19815 elevates Pei's variety tospecific rank, assigns
to it a new epithet, C. peii, and designates a new type, L. Teng
118, from Canton, Kwangtung, China, deposited in the herbarium of
the Botanical Institute, Sunyatsen. University, Canton. However,
it seems to me that under the present edition of the Internati-
onal Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, the type of the taxon re-
mains the same as was originally designated by Ptei, viz., W. Y.
Chun 5828. Chang (1951) gives the following eeaied and ampli-_
fied description of the taxon: "Frutex erectus vel scandens.
Ramuli teretes torti, hornotini pilis fulvo-stellato-farinosis
obtecti, annotini punctati vel glabrescentes; internodia 5--8 cm
longa. Folia subcoriacea elliptica vel late elliptica, 7--15 cm
longa )--8.5 cm lata, apice acuta, basi late acuta vel obtusa,
integra, supra aspreila nitida atro-viridia vel ad costam nervos=
que laterales utrinsecus 6--9 subtus elevatos brevissime stella-
to-puberula, subtus fulvo-stellato-pubescentia et minutissime
aureo-glandulosa; petioli 1.5—2.5 cm longi, pilis fulvo-stellatis
farinosis obtecti. Cymae supra-axillares sexies dichotomae 5—8
em diametro; pedunculi 3--5 cm longi, indumento eo petiolorum
similiter obtecti; pedicelli 1 mm longi glabri, sicut calyces
minutissime aureo-glandulosi; bracteolae lineares 2 mm longae;
calycis campanulatis 1 mm longis, tubus truncatus glaber, lobi
inconspicui; corollae purpureo-rosae, tubus 2 mm longus, lobi 0.5
mm longi glabri; stamina longe exserta 5 mm longa, antheris ova
tis 0.6 mm longis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus; ovarium glab-
rum, stylis 7--8 mm longis. Fructus purpureo-roseus 2 mm dia-
metro."

Chang cites R. C. Ching 6993, Z. S. Chung 81,897, Kwangsi Mus-
om 291, and W.T T. . Tsang 228 22814 from Kwangsi, S. K. Lau Los fro from
Teng 116 118 fron equating: iat sBepanen the plant with ( C. integer-
rima Champ. and C. pedunculata R. Br. The C. chinensis Hort.
which he mentions is actually a synonym of oe candicans var. su-
matrana (Miq.) Moldenke.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA var. LONGIFOLIA Suzuki

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa pedunculata var. longifolia
(Suzuki) Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 287. 1951.

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
279, 287, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26. 1967.

Chang ”(1951) cites the original publication of this variety as

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 39

page "131" in Suzuki's work (1933). he cites the type collection
and also a no. 41133 of a collector or herbarium whose name he

gives only in Chinese characters.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA f. PARVIFOLIA Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.12: 25.
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr.
49: 2290. 1968.

CALLICARPA FULVA A. Rich.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365, 51, &
452. 1968.

CALLICARPA FULVOHIRSUTA Merr.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365. 1968.
Van Steenis (1967) states that this plant is related to C.
barbata Ridl., C. havilandii (King & Gamble) H. J. Lam, C. in-
volucrata lierr., C. saccata Steen., and C. superposita Merr.

CALLICARPA GLABRA Koidz.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365 & 52.
1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 12. 1968; Tuyama, Pl. Bonin
Isls. 98. 1968.

A very interesting letter from my friend and colleagues, Dr.
E. H. Walker, dated July 26, 1968, contains a paragraph which is
well worth quoting in full here: "In 1966 you verified Field &
Lowe 6m as Callicarpa glabra Koidz. and in 1952 Walker & Tawada
6507 07 as the same. Both are cited in Phytol. lj: 236. 1967. In
general they match your description. Field & Lowe &m has flowers.
You describe the corollas as 'resinous pun punctate on the outside!
the anthers 'resinous punctate on both sides'. I do not find
such glands on the corolla, only on the anthers. In this speci-
men the calyx has a single row of relatively large distinctive
peltate scales just below the rim. The other specimen, 6507, is
in fruit. The calyx lacks the distinctive scales, the fruits
are glandular, the leaves distinctly narrower, and the branchlets
gray, probably simply having matured beyond the early 'dark
purplish or black' condition described. Perhaps these discrepan-
cies are not significant. I have adjusted my description,
based in part on yours (since you have seen more specimens than
I have), to the variations in these two specimens, except for
the peltate scales, which are ignored."

CALLICARPA GRACILIPES Rehd.

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
279, 285—286, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 237-238.
1967.

Chang (1951) cites only the type collection of this species.

CALLICARPA HAVILANDII (King & Gamble) H. J. Lam
Additional & emended bibliography: Van Steenis, Blumea 15:

0 PLOY, 20. Ty OF igh Vol. 21, ndeae

147-19, fig. 2 k. 19673; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365--366. 1968;
B. Ta Burtt, Notes Roy. Bote Gard. Edinb. 293 1y—155. 1969;
Brentzel, Biol. Abstr. 51: 1571. 1970.

Van Steenis (1967) says that this plant is related to C. bar-
bata Ridl., C. fulvohirsuta Merr., C. involucrata Merr., C. sacca-
ta Steen., and C. superposita Merr.

CALLICARPA HITCHCOCKII Millsp.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26. 1967.

Byrne calls this plant "boarhog bush" and describes it as 2 m.
tall "not very common, only 2 individuals seen; upper surface of
leaves dark-green when fresh; used in local medicine as a tonic".
Popenoe found it in flower and fruit in October.

Additional citations: BAHAMA ISLANDS: Cat: Byrne 279 (Ws).
Eleuthera: J. Popenoe son, [October 1966] (Ft—2357).

CALLICARPA HYPOLEUCOPHYLLA Lin & Wang, Bull. Acad. Sin. 8: 18)—
187 & 189, tig. 1, 2, & 5. 1967.

Bibliography: Lin & Wang, Bull. Acad. Sin. 8: 18)--187 & 189,
figs lL, Agee 5. -1967.

Tylustrations: Lin & Wang, Bull. Acad. Sin. 8: 187 & 189, fig.
Dy eek. be 1967

This species, of which the authors give a fine description and
splendid illustrations, is based on Je Le Wang 503, collected
at Nanfengshan, at an altitude of 1000—1200 m., Formosa, in Feb=
ruary, 1965, deposited in the herbarium of the National Taiwan
University. The authors cite also two other (unnumbered) collec-
tions: Matsuda s.n. [Tashulin, Jan. 1937] and Simizu s.n. [Chin-
suiyin, July 1937] in the same herbarium.

CALLICARPA INTEGERRIMA Champ,

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
270, 278, 281—282, & 311. 1951; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl.
by "19673 Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 36), 366, 381, & 388. 1968.

310, 902, 216, 5005, 803), 21107,

21650, 21799, 254h1, & 42751 of collectors and/or herbaria whose
names he gives only in Chinese characters.

CALLICARPA INVOLUCRATA Merr.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 366. 1968.

Van Steenis (1967) states that this species is related to C.
barbata Ridl., C. fulvohirsuta Merr., C. havilandii (King &
Gamble) H. J. Lam, C. saccata Steen., and C. superposita Merr.
The Clemenses describe it as a "recumbent shrub, 6 feet tall,
fruits cauline, bright red", growing at the wet mouth of a rivu-
let, fruiting in November, and labeled their collection "Calli-
carpa new?"

Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sabah:
Clemens & Clemens 50237 (N).

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 41

CALLICARPA JAPONICA Thunb.

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst.
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 246 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 26. 17963; Max-
im., Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 77. 1886; Tasiro, Bot. Mag.
Tokyo 8: 109. 189); Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ.
2: (Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] 269, pl. 10, fig. 10. 1895; Kuroiwa,
Bot. Mag. Tokyo 1h: 126. 1900; Kawag., Bull. Kag. 1: 12h & 175.
1915; Simada, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 31: 12. 1917; E. H.
Wils., Journ. Arnold Arb. 1: 186. 1920; Sakaguchi, Gen. Ind. Fl.
Okin. 18. 192); Hottes, Book of Shrubs, ed. 1, 147 & 148. 1928;
Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 350. 1928; Mak. & Nemoto, Fl. Jap.
Suppl. 622. 1936; T. H. Everett, Cat. Hardy Trees & Shrubs 16.
1942; Hatus., Journ, Jap. Bot. 2h: 81. 199; Hottes, Book of
Shrubs, ed. 5, 168. 1950; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 103k,
fig. 2h7 Gc. 1950; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: [269], 270,
272, 296, 299, 303--308, & 310—-312. 1951; Hottes, Book of Shrubs,
[ed. 6, pr. ry? 168. 1952; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. }:
46. 1955; Hottes, Book of Shrubs, [ed. 6, pr. 2], 168 (1958) and
(pr. 3], 168. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.k: 332 (1962) and
A.6: 92. 1963; E. L. D. Seymour, Wise Gard. Encycl., ed. 6, 211.
1963; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763-76. 1965; Santamour, Morris Arb. Bull.
16: 51--52. 1965; Hirata, Host Range & Geogr. Distrib. Powd.
Mild. 276. 1966; Griffith & Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inven-
tory 164: 197 & 229. 1966; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inventory
168: 146 & 149. 1967; Glasau, Sommergr. Ziergeh. 64. 1967; E. Law-
rence, South. Gard., ed. 2, 186. 1967; Ornduff, Reg. Veg. 50: 86
& 12). 1967; de Wit, Pl. World High. Pl. 2: 185. 1967; Hocking,
Excerpt. Bot. Acll: 205 & 503 (1967), A.12: 2h (1967), and A.13:
569. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 360, 366--378, 9, & Sl.
1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 1325 & 199. 1968; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. 16: 11, 12, 17, 18, & 25 (1968) and 17: 7 & 8. 1968;
Kitagawa, Nat. Sci. & Mus. 36: 12). 1969; Saito & Tachibana, Eco-
log. Rev. 17: 135. 1969; Hyland, U. S. Dept, Agr. Pl. Inventory
173: 60 (1969) and 174: 276. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (20):
BASIC. S230. 1970; "L. R. F.", Biol. Abstr. 51: 11432. 1970;
Inaizumi, Jap. Journ. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 1: 29--38. 1970.

Additional & emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr.
Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] pl. 10, fig. 10.
1895; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 103), fig. 27 G. 1950.

It is worth mentioning here that Masamune (1955) regards the
"C. japonica Thunb." of Maximowicz (1886), Matsumura (1899 & 1912,
insofar as Ryukyu specimens are concerned), Kuroiwa [1900, "p.p.
(sic mollis)"], Kawagoe (1915), Simada (1917), Wilson (1920),
Sakaguchi (192), and Makino & Nemoto (1936, insofar as Ryukyu
specimens are concerned) as applying to C. japonica var. luxurians
Rehd. That of Tasiro (189) he thinks may actually refer to C.
mollis Sieb. & Zucc. Sykes refers to his two collections cited
below as having had "mauve" corollas, the fruit "becoming mauve",
and fruiting in March. Recent collectors describe the plant as a
deciduous shrub, to 1.5 m. tall. They have found it growing in

2 PELY T,0 L0G, Ek Vol. 21, now 1

littoral scrub on Ishigaki Island, while on Miyako Island it is
said to be "occasional in Pandanus scrub on limestone", forming a
low bush 0.6 m. tall. The corollas on F. R. Fosberg 38312 are
said to have been "lilac". Hyland (1969) describes the fruit as
"purplish". Lawrence (1967) points out that the "deep purple"
fruits, which he erroneously refers to as "berries", begin to
color in August and drop off by October in the southern United
States. Santamour records the chromosome count as n= 18. An
additional vernacular variant recorded for the species ig the
Japanese "“ohmurasaki-shikibu", Hirata (1966) records the powdery
mildew fungus, Microsphaera alni, as attacking this plant. Ohwi

(1965) describes the plant as common and variable on the islands
of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. He includes C. japoni-
ca f. angustifolia Miq. in its synonymy, but I regard Miquel's
name as a synonym of C. japonica var. angustata Rehd.

Ohwi (1965) keys out the Japanese forms of the genus as recog-
nized by him as follows [with the nomenclature brought up to
date]:

1. Plants glabrous or thinly pubescent; calyx glabrous, with
very short teeth.
2. Leaf-blades caudate, glandular-dotted on both surfaces......
C. japonica var. luxurians
2a. Leaf-blades acuminate to acute at the apex, glandular-
dotted on the underside only.
3. Cymes supra-axillary; anthers broadly ellipsoidal.........
C. dichotoma
3a. Cymes axillary. A
4. Corolla 1m. long, not glandular—dotted; branches
slightly l-angled; leaves with 12--1) pairs of secon-
GATLES’. aiciciccseicieloeccecccseccselceceloceee Lakakumensug
ha. Corolla 3--5 mm. long, glandular-dotted; branches ter-
ete; leaf-blades with 5—9 pairs of secondaries....e..
C. japonica
la. Plants densely soft-pubescent to villous; calyx pubescent, l-
fid.
5. Leaves 5--10 cm. long, rounded to obtuse at the base;
branches and leaves with whitish stellate hairs less than
1 mm. long; calyx-lobes lanceolate; flowers 4—-5 mn. long,
about 10 in a cyme; anthers 1.5-—-2 mm. long......C. mollis
Sa. Leaves 15--30 cm. long, gradually narrowed at the base;
branches and petioles with pinnately branched hairs 1.5--3
mm. long; calyx-lobes linear; flowers about 1.5 mm. long,
very many in a cyme; anthers about 0.7 mm. long.C. kochiana

Chang (1951) regards C. longifolia var. subglabrata Schau. as,
in part, a synonym of C. japonica, but I feel that this trinomial
belongs only in the synonymy of typical C. longifolia Lam. He
cites A. N. Steward 57 and nos. 1631, 2617, 3303, & 1005) of col-
lectors and/or herbaria whose names he gives only in Chinese
characters.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 3

304936 as cultivated in Maryland from seed obtained in Japan and
K.495 from seed obtained in Korea. Inaizumi (1970) reports that
C. japonica is attacked by an as yet unidentified species of the
insect genus Aphis.

Material of C. japonica has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria as xC. shirasawana Mak. On the other hand, the Mura-
ta 2716 and Tsui 601, distributed as C. japonica, are actually
C. japonica var. angustata Rehd., P. C. Hutchinson s.n. [Herb.
Univ. Calif. Acc. 38.533-S1] is Cc. gapontce var. luxurians Rehd.,
Chiao 2617 is C. japonica var, rhombifolia H. J. Lam, Oldham 621
is C, mollis Sieb. & Zucc., and Gressitt 532 & 563 are C. oshi-
mensis var. iriamotensis (Masam.) Hatus.

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu:
Murata 19185 (Au—27),182, N, W—2)99907); S. Suzuki s.n. [Jun. 5,
1951] (Se—1807)5). RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: OKINAWAN ISLANDS:
Kurema: Okuhara & Sunagawa 10 (Rf). Okinawa: Nakamine 275 (Ry,
Ry). SAKISHIMA ISLANDS: Iriomote: Masamune & Nakamura 3280 (Tw).
Ishigaki: Hatusima 201) (Ar); Masamune & Suzuki s.n. [June 30,
1935] (Tw). Miyako: F. R. Fosberg 38312 (Rf). CULTIVATED: Dis-
trict of Columbia: T. R. Dudley s.n. (Herb. Nat. Arb. 15,32; Pl.
Introd. 266234] (Se——228379). New Zealand: W. R. Sykes 44/65
(Herb. Bot. Div. D.S.I.R. 156006] (Ac, Rf), 532/65 feat: Bot.
Div. D.S.I.R. 156008] (Ac).

CALLICARPA JAPONICA f. ALBIBACCA Hara
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 368. 1968.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke

Additional & emended bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.1l:
503. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 4199. 1968; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 16: 368. 1968.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. ANGUSTATA Rehd.

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
[269], 299, 304--307, 310, & 312. 1951; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot.
A,13: 569. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 368, 371, & 49. 1968;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 1325. 1968.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a woody climber, 3—
5 feet tall, with a stem diameter of 1 inch, and black fruit,
fruiting also in June [in addition to the months previously re-
ported]. Tsang reports it as fairly common in dry sandy soil of
roadside thickets. Chang (1951) cites a no. 51357 of a collector
or herbarium whose name he gives only in Chinese characters. He
compares it with typical C. japonica Thunb., C. bodinieri var.
giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., and C. kwangtungensis Chun. Material has
been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as C. bodinieri
var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd. ay

Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: E. D. Merrill 11112

hh PH Y¥sT.0 LL) 0-Godi4 Vol. 21, ndeed.

(Ca--301088); W. T. Tsang 21346 (Ca—101127)); Tsui 601 (Ca—
612427, N). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu: Murata 27146
(W—2),09882). Tsushima: Ohashi & Sohma 10018 [Herb. Univ. Tokyo
11023] (W—259h171).

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. GLABRA Nakai
Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
270 & 310. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 369. 1968.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA f. KIIRUNINSULARIS Masam.

Additional bibliography: H.=T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
299, 304--305, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 370., 1966.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. LUXURIANS Rehd.

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa yakusimensis Koidz., Bot. Mag.
Tokyo 28: 151. 191). Callicarpa yakushimensis Koidz. ex Molden-
ke, Phytologia 5: 100, sphalm. 1954. Callicarpa japonica lwmri-
ans Rehd. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17, in syn. 1968 .

~~ Additional & emended bibliography: Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp.
Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 77 & 80. 1886; Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 513.
1886; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 257.
1890; Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 6: 5). 1892; J. Matsum., Bot. Mag.
Tokyo 13: 115. 1899; Kuroiwa, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 14: 126. 1900;
Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18: Lb. 1904; Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28:
151. 191); Kawag., Bull. Kag. 1: 12) & 175. 1915; Simada, Trans.
Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 31: 12. 1917; E. H. Wils., Journ. Arnold
Arb. 1: 186. 1920; Sakag., Gen. Ind. Fl. Okin. 18. 192); Nakai,
Trees & Shrubs, ed. 2, 163, fig. 220. 1927; J. Masam., Prel. Rep.
Veg. Yak. 115. 1929; Mak. & Nemoto, Fl. Jap., ed. 2, 99h & 996.
1931; Mak. & Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 622 & 623. 1936; Takenouchi,
Journ. Nat. Hist. Fukuoka 2: 15. 1936; Kanehira, Formos . Trees,
ed. 2, 6h) & 716, fig. 600. 1936; Nakai in Shirasawa, Icons Es—
senc. Forest. Jap. 2: (Terasaki, Zoku Nipp. Syokubutzuhu] fig.
281 & 2485. 1938; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 18) & 186. 198;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 133, 13h, 10,
157, 177, & 178. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. l: 270,
280, 295--296, 299, 30h, & 310—312. 1951; Sonohara, Tawada, &
Amano, ed. E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. 131. 1952; Naito, Sci. Rep.
Kag. 2: 60. 1953; Ohwi "Fl. Jap. 89. 1953; Masam., Sci. Rep.
Kanazawa Univ. : eats. 1955; Oka, Hokuriku Journ. Bot. ): 83.
1955; Griffith & Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inventory 16): 197
& 229. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 360, 367, 370--375, & 377.
1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 11, 12, 17, 18, & 25 (1968)
and 17: 8. 1968.

In his 1949 work, Hatusima regards the name, C. japonica var.
kotoensis (Hayata) Masam., as the correct designation for the
taxon here being discussed, but Rehder's varietal epithet was
validly published 2) years earlier!

Masamune (1955), Ohwi (1965), and Chang (1951) regard C. aus-
tralis Koidz. as a synonym of C. japonica var. luxurians and in

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa ks

this opinion they may well be correct. Masamune regards the "'C.
japonica Thunb." of Maximowicz (1886), Matsumura (1899 & 1912,
insofar as Ryukyu specimens are concerned), Kuroiwa [1900 "p.p.
(sic mollis)"], Kawagoe (1915), Simada (1917), Wilson (1920),
Sakaguchi (192), and Makino & Nemoto (1936, insofar as Ryukyu
specimens are concerned) as actually referring to this same var-
iety. Kanehira (1936) and Chang (1951) regard C. kotoensis Hay-
ata as a valid species, with C. antaoensis Hayata as a synonym.
I regard C. antaoensis as a synonym of C. longifolia Lam.

Matsumura (1955) cites the Maximowicz Zz work (1886) as "1887"
and Hara's 198 work as "199".

Recent collectors describe C. japonica var. luxurians as a
shrub to 15 feet tall, growing among other shrubs on open slopes,
in hedges along roadsides (on Okinawa), and common in secondary
thickets (on Yonakuni Island), at 100--150 m. altitude, flowering
in September, and fruiting in August (in addition to the months
previously reported). The corollas on E. H. Walker 8452 are de-
scribed as having been "pale lavender" and the anthers yellow.
Additional vernacular names and variant orthographies recorded
for the plant are "omurasakisikibu", "tosamurasaki", "tosa-
murasaki", "yakushima-ko-murasaki", "yakusima-komurasaki", and
"yakusima-ko-murasaki".

Ohwi (1965) says "July—Sept. Warmer districts; Shikoku,
Kyushu" for what he regards as C. shikokiana Mak. and "July—
Aug. Lowlands near the sea; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather
common" for what he regards as the true C. japonica van luxurians.
For the latter Masamune (1955) gives the - overall distribution as
"Yakusima, Shikoku, Kyushu, Itukusima, Syodosima", but other
authors record it also from Tanegasima, Kutinoerabu, Takesima,
Nakanosima, Suwanose, Takarazima, Amani-osima, Okati, Iheyazima,
Okinawa, hiinami-daitozima, Miyako, Isigaki, Iriomote, Sirahama,
and Komi.

The P. C. Hutchinson s.n. (Herb. Univ. Calif. Acc. 38.533-Si],
cited below, was cultivated in California from seeds collected
in Poland, while the U. S. Dept. Pl. Invent. 235498 was cultiva-
ted in eed from the seeds of J. L. Creech 508 collected in
Japan.

The Hatusima 201) and Nakamine 275, distributed as C. japoni-
ca var. luxurians, are actually merely vigorous specimens of typ-
ical C. japonica Thunb.

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: RYUKYU ISLAND
ARCHIPELAGO: SATSUNAN ISLANDS: Yakushima: Tagawa & Konta 12) (N,
W—2),99881). OKINAWAN ISLANDS: Kunigami: Elliott & Nakamine 658
(W). Okinawa: Kimura & Hurusawa 61 (W—-21 26227) ; R. Moran 5076
(W--2186572); E. H. . H. Walker 8452 (W). SAKISHIMA ISLANDS: Iriomote:

pukuyams s.n. [Herb. Univ. Imp. Taihok. 7326] (Tw); Yamazaki Sn.
Dec. 26, 1963] (Tk). Ishigaki: Masamune & Suzuki s.n. [Jul. 1,

1935] (Tw) . Yonakuni: Hatusima 2532 (Ar). CULTIVATED: Califor-
nia: P, C. Hutchinson s.n. [Herb. Univ. Calif. Acc. 38.533-Si] (N).

6 PeRy iO LsOrGrrek Vol. 21, now 1

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. RHOMBIFOLIA H. J. Lam

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 11. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 368 & 376--378. 1968.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 5--15 feet
tall, growing in thickets and on rocky slopes along roadsides.
The corollas are described as "white!" on Chiao 2617 and the
fruits as purple on E. H. Wilson 8109.

Material of this variety has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria as C. oshimensis Hayata. On the other hand, the
J. F. Rock 2523, distributed as this variety, is actually Ce
bodinieri Léveillé.

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu:
Okamoto s.n. [July 17, 192] (Ws). RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO:

OKINAWAN ISLANDS: Okinawa: E. H. Wilson 8109 (W--13709),2) .

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. TAQUETII (Léveillé) Nakai

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver-
penac., [ed. 1], 57 & 87 (1942) and fed. 2], 133 & 178. 199; He-
T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 295. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia
16: 378. 1968.

Chang (1951) regards C. taquetii Léveillé as a synonym of C.
dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch.

CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS Bakh. & Heine

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 378—381l.
1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17. 1968.

Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sabah:
Clemens & Clemens 31900 (N).

CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS var. ENDERTI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 380--381.
1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17. 1968.

CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS var. TONSA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 381. 1968;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17. 1968.

CALLICARPA KOCHIANA Mak.

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa loureiri var. laxiflora Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 276--277. 1951. Callicarpa roxburghii
Ptei apud H. T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 276, in syn. 1951.

Additional & emended bibliography: Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 458—l59, fig. 218. 1927;
Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2; 6L5 & 716 fig. 601. 1936; Met-
calfe & Chalk, Anat: Dicot. 1036, fig. 28 F. 1950; H.-T. Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 271, 27h, 276--277, 310, & 311. 1951;
Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Plive37s "1967; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 16: 10--13, 17, & 18. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9:
7688. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 4s7--Li,8 & WS. 1968.

mended illustrations: Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 645,
fig. 601. 1936.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 7

Ohwi (1951) keys out the Japanese species of this genus known
to him and his key (modified to bring the nomenclature up-to-date)
is reproduced on page 2 of the present installment of notes.

Chang (1951), for some reason unknown to me, places C. america-
na Lour. in the synonymy of C. kochiana, but it seems to me that
previous authors are correct in placing Loureiro's name in the

25392, 25807, 31600, 32434, 40488, 41202, 50049, 60088, 60383, &
86212 of collectors and/or herbaria whose names, unfortunately, he
gives only in Chinese characters. He describes his var. laxiflora
as follows: "A typo recedit foliis angustioribus oblong-lanceola-
tis 11—-15 cm longis, 3.5--4..5 cm latis, nervis paucioribus, utrin-
secus 6--8, cymis laxis paulo diffusis, pedunculis brevioribus 5
mm longis, pedicellis longioribus 2 mm longis". The variety ap-
pears to be based on H. Fung 2010) from Hainan Island, collected
in 1932, and deposited in the herbarium of the Botanical Insti-
tute of Sunyatsen University, Canton, China.

Additional citations: HONGKONG: Taam 1507 (N).

CALLICARPA KWANGTUNGENSIS Chun

Synonymy: Callicarpa brevipes sensu Hand.-Mazz. apud H.-T.
Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 306, in syn. 1951 [not C. brevipes
(Benth.) Hance, 1866, nor Hance, 1886].

Additional bibliography: Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 901. 1936;
Rehd. in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 369. 1936; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax.
fiee A al 306——-307, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 4)8—

9. 1968.

Chang (1951) includes in the synonymy of this species a "Calli-
carpa japonica var. angustata Rehd. in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 369.
1936, pro parte", but I see no justification for including this
trinomial here since it applies to a perfectly valid and accepted
variety of C. japonica, substantiated by the type collection.
Chang cites the type collection of C. kwangtungensis as well as
A. Henry 6679 and nos. 268, 1423, 296, 2775, 4593, 4703, 470k,
LOWL1, 20797, 22735, 30702, 30715, 5293, 54669, 54759, 83760, &
90519 of collectors and/or herbaria whose names, unfortunately,
he gives only in Chinese characters.

CALLICARPA LINGII Merr.

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
271, 299, 303, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 452—l53.
1968.

Chang (1951) cites only the original collection of this species.

CALLICARPA LOBO-APICULATA Metc.
Additional synonymy: Callicarpa loboapiculata Metc. ex H.-T.

48 PAE LO OrGrhyk Vol. 21, now 1

Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: [269]. 1951.

Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
[269], 2714, 277, 278, 308, 309, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia
16: aye 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 10. 1968; Molden
ke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 7688. 1968.

* chang (1951) cites Tse Hai 85 as well as nos. 728, 752, 2673,
2997, 5519, 5667, 6371, 10189, 21307, 22393, 22610, 2 22779, 40427,
73173, "753775 & 5 & 96334 | of collectors and/or horbaria whose names
he gi gives only in . Chinese characters.

CALLICARPA LONGIBRACTEATA Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 277--278.
1951.

Bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 271, 27h,
277--278, & 311. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 10. 1968.

Because of the extreme rarity of this journal in libraries,
Chang's original (1951) description of this taxon is repeated
herewith: "Frutex 3 m altus. Ramuli teretes hornotini dense ful-

vo-tomentosi; annotini glabrescentes cinereo-nigrescentes lenti-
cellati. Folia oblonga vel elliptica 15--20 cm longa, 5.5--8 cm
lata, apice acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusa simul paulo ob-
liqua, margine supra medium remorissime denticulata, supra costis
nervisque exceptis glabra in sicco nigrescentia, subtus tomentoso-
incana; costa supra plana subtus elevata, nervis lateralibus u-
trinsecus 13--16 supra conspicuis subtus elevatis; petioli crassi
1.5--2.5 cm longi tomentosi. Cymae diffusae sexies dichotomae 6—
9 cm latae tomentosae, pedunculis 3--5 cm longis; bracteae folia-
ceae lanceolatae 3--l; cm longae, 8—12 mm latae, pilis atque iis
foliorum similiter obtectae, nervis utrinsecus 8-10, stipitibus
8--10 mm longis suffultae; bracteolae subulatae; calycis stellato-
pubescentis vel puberulis, tubus 1.5 mm longus, lobi l-dentati,
dentibus subulatis 1 mm longis; corollae stellato-pubescentes,
tubus 1.5 mm longus, lobi 0.5 mm longi; stamina exserta, fila-
mentis --S mm longis, antheris 0.5 mm longis longitudinaliter
dehiscentibus; ovarium glabrum, stylo 6—-7 mm longo, stigmatibus
dilatatis. Fructus 1.5 mm diametro."

The type and apparently only known collection of this species
is W. Y. Chun 5121, collected in Hongkong in 1926 and deposited
in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute of Sunyatsen Univer—-
sity, Canton, China. The author compares it (in Chinese) with C.
kochiana Mak, C. lobo-apiculata Metc., and C. macrophylla Vahl.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lam., Encycl. Méth. 1: 563. 1785 [not C.
longifolia Auct., 1965, nor Benth., 1962, nor Diels, 1916,
nor Hance, 1890, nor Hemsl., 1916, nor Hook., 1932, nor L.,
1820, nor *Roxb., 1827, nor "sensi Hemsl.", 1949, nor "sensu
Lats "1966, nor "sensu Mori", 1962].

Synonymy : Mamanira alba Rumph., Herb. Amboin. 4: 124, pl. 49.
1750. Hedyotis arborescens Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. 5,
ed. 1, art. jy: 17. 1790. Callicarpa foliis lato-lanceolatis
utrfique glabris, superne serratis Vahl ex Willd., Sp. Pl., 1:

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 9

621, in syn. 1797. Callicarpa (longifolia) foliis longis lanceo-
latis subdentatis utrinque viridibus, corymbis parvis axillaribus
Lam. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 621, in syn. 1797. Callicarpa lanceo-
laria Hort. ex Link, Enum. Pl. Berol. Alt. 1: 12], hyponym. 1521
[not C. lanceolaria Roxb., 1814]. Amictonis japonica (Thunb.
auct.) Raf., Sylv. Tellur. 161. 1838. Callicarpa japonica
"Thunb. auct." ex Raf., Sylv. Tellur. 161, in syn. 1838 [not C.
japonica Hort. ex Pritzel, 1866, nor Hort. ex Moldenke, 1936, nor
L. f., 1966, nor Matsum., 1923, nor Miq., 1927, nor Thunb., 178].
Callicarpus longifolia Vahl apud Hassk., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bogor.
Cult. Alt. 136. 1644. Callicarpus longifolia Blume apud Hassk.,
Cat. Pl. Hort. Bogor. Cult. Alt. 136, in syn. 18h). Callicarpa
blumei Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Zoll. 53. 185-186. Calli-
carpa longifolia & subglabrata Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 65.
1847. Callicarpa lanata f uberior Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 887.
1856. Callicarpa purpurea Hort. ex Lem., Ill. Hort. 6: pl. 202,
in part. 1859 [not C. purpurea Hort. ex Moldenke, 191, nor A. L.
Juss., 1806, nor Nakai, 1923, nor Van Houtte, 1932]. Callicarpa
cana Wall. (in part) apud Bocq., Adansonia 3: 192. 1863 [not C.
cana Dals. & Gibs., 1919, nor Gamble, 1881, nor L., 1771, nor
Spreng., 1966, nor Vahl, 1866]. Callicarpa longifolia var. sub-
glabrata Schau. apud Vidal y Soler, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13).
1885. Callicarpa longifolia var. pubinervis Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. 2: 503. 1891. Amictonis japonica Raf. apud Jacks. in Hook.
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 106, in syn. 1893. Callicarpa
dentata Wall. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1,
1: 386, in syn. 1893 [not C. dentata Pav., 1936, nor Roth, 1818,
nor Roxb., 1831, nor Sessé & Moc., 190]. Callicarpa longifolia
subglabrata Schau. ex Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Laubh.
25, in syn. 1903. Callicarpa longifolia var. subglabra Schau. ex
E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 7: 340.1912. Callicarpa
attenuifolia Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 8: 2870. 1915. Callicarpa
antaoénsis Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 35. 1916. Callicarpa javan-
ica Zipp. ex H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 87 & 88, in syn.
1919. Caliitcarpa longifolia var. uberior Miq. ex H. J. Lam, Ver-
benac. Malay. Arch. 87, in syn. 1919. Callicarpa virens Reim.
ex H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 88, in syn. 1919. Callicarpa
longifolia var. areolata H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 90.
1919. Callicarpa cuspidata Hassk. apud Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull.
Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 3: 26. 1921 [not C. cuspidata Bakh.,
1932, nor Roxb., 1814]. Callicarpa longifolia f. subglabrata
Schau. ex Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3,
3: 26. 1921. Callicarpa longifolia Blume apud Moldenke in Fedde,
Repert. Spec. Nov. 40: 96, in syn. 1936. Callica americana
Hort. ex Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 4O, 96, in syn.
1936 [not C. americana Blanco, 188), nor L., 1753, nor Lam., 1966,

50 PHY T.OcL OGer A Vol. 21, no. 1

nor Lour., 179, nor Roxb., 1945, nor Sessé & Moc., 1893, nor
Thunb., 1926, nor Willd., 1820]. Callicarpa longifolia Vahl ex
Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 11, in syn. 190.
Callicarpus longifolia Lam. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List In-
valid Names 13, in syn. 190. Callicarpa longifolia var. sub-
globrata Schau. ex Kanehira & Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 56: 113,
sphalm, 1942. Callicarpa logifolia Lam. ex P'ei, Bot. Bull. A-
cad. Sin. 1: 3, sphalm. 1947. Amictonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf.
ex Moldenke, Résumé 23h, in syn. 1959. Callicarpa tomentosa
Thunb. ex Moldenke, Résumé 247, in syn. 1959 [not C. tomentosa
Bakh., 1932, nor Hook. & Arn., 1918, nor Konig, 1893, nor L.,
1959, nor L. ex Spreng., 1825, nor L. ex Willd., 1966, nor (L.)
Murr., 177), nor (L.) Santapau, 1965, nor Lam., 1783, nor Murr.,
177k, nor Vahl, 1794, nor Willd., 1808, nor "sensu Matsum.",
196))). Callicarpa lanata var. uberior Miq. ex Moldenke, Résumé
244, in syn. 1959. Callicarpa antaoensis Hayata apud Li, Woody
Pl. Taiwan 821--822, in syn. 1963. Callicarpa blumei Zoll. ex
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 6, in syn. 1966. Callicarpa attenu-
atifolia Elm. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 16, in syn. 1967.
Callicarpa longifolia var. acuminatissima Ploem ex Moldenke, R&é-
sumé Suppl. 16: 17, in syn. 1968. Callicarpa longifolia var.
glabrata Schau. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17, in syn. 1968.
Bibliography: Rumph., Herb. Amboin. ): 12), pl. 49. 1750;
Lam., Encycl. Méth. 1: 563. 1785; Noronha, Verh. Batav. Genoot-
sch. 5, ed. 1, art. ly: 17. 1790; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. [Il-
lustr. Gen.] 1: 293, pl. 69, fig. 2. 1791; Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3:
13--1h. 179); Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Willd., Sp. Pl. 1:
621. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 133. 1805; Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10]
& [83]. 1814; Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 3:
96. 1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1:
409. 1820; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 137. 1821; Link, Enun. Pl.
Berol. Alt. 1: 12/,. 1821; Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: pl. Boy. 1825; W.
J. Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: pl. 133. 1825; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg.,
ed. 16, 1: 20. 1825; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 1): 817-818.
1826; J. Aw & J. He Schult., Mant. 3: 53 & 54. 1827; Spreng. in
L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, (2): 41 (1827) and 5: 126. 1828; Wall.,
Numer. List 50. 1829; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 1: 395.
1832; Raf., Sylv. Tellur. 161. 1838; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 29.
1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 257. 180; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 3h3.
182; Hassk., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Cult. Alt. 136. 18hh;
Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 129. 1845; Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst.
Verz. Zoll. 53. 185-186; Jacques & Hérincq, Fl. Jard. Eur. Man.
Gén. Pl. Arb. 3: 503. 1845-1862; Lindl., Veg. Kingd. 663. 186;
Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 645. 1847; Champ. & Benth. in Hook.,
Journ, Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 136. 1853; Lindl. & Paxt. in
Paxt., Flow. Gard. 2: 165--166. 1853; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 887-
888. 1856; Lem., Ill. Hort. 6: pl. 202. 1859; Mason, Burmah, ed.
2, 792. 1860; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 192. 1863; Pritzel, Icon. Bot.
Ind. 1: 188. 1866; Hance, Ann. Soc. Nat., ser. 5, 5: 233. 1866;

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 51

Benth, & F. Muell., Fl. Austral. 5: 56--58. 1870; Roxb., Fl. Ind.,
ed. 3 [C. B. Clarke], 132. 187); Brandis, For. Fl. NW. & Cent.
India 3: 369. 187); S. Kurz, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 45: 105—
164. 1876; S. Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 275 & 589. 1877;
Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 282. 1881; F. Muell., First Cen-
sus 103. 1882; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. 377. 1883; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 570. 1885; Maxim., Mél.
Biol. 12: 507—508. 1886; Vidal y Soler, Phan. Cuming. Philip.
134. 1885; Vidal y Soler, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 208. 1886; F.
Muell., Second Census 173. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Rep. Gov. Sci.. Exp.
Bell.-Ker. 52. 1889; Watt, Dict. Econom. Prod. India 2: 27. 1889;
Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 253--25h. 1890;
N. E. Br. in Johnson, Gard. Dict. Suppl. 157. 1890; F. M. Bailey,
Cat. Pl. Queensl. 35. 1890; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 503. 1891;
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 106, 386, &
1100. 1893; F. M. Bailey, Bot. Bull. 8: 81. 1893; Bois, Dict.
Hort. 232. 1893-1899; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzénfam.
lh (3a): 166. 1895; Koord., Meded. Lands Plant-tuin. Buitenz. 19:
558. 1898; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Woods 10). 1899; Koord. & Val-
et., Bijdr. Booms. Java 7: 176--177. 1900; H. N. Ridl., Str. Br.
Roy. Asiat. Soc. 33: 123. 1900; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Singapore 123.
1900; Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 548. 1900; F. M. Bailey,
Queensl. Fl. i: 117). 1901; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 525.
1902; Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Laubh. 25. 1903; Prain,
Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 827 & 828. 1903; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt,
Bot. Tidsskr, 26: 171. 190); Prain, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 3: 260.
1905; F. N. Will., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 5: 430. 1905; Val-
et., Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Néerl. 10: 51. 1907; King & Gamble,
Journ. Roy. Asiat. Son. Beng. 7 (2), extra no., 807--808, 1013, &
1017--1018. 1908; D. H. Scott in Solereder, Syst. Anat. Dicot.,
transl. Boodle & Fritsch, 1: 633. 1908; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl.
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Journ. Fed. Malay States Hus. ): 56. 1909; C. K. Schneid., Ill.
Handb. Laubholzk. 59). 1911; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 529.
1912; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 202.
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Bot. 7: 340. 1912; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 386.
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J. Lam, Meded. Rijksherb. Leiden 37: 32—33. 191); Koord. & Val-
et., Atlas Baumart. Java 5: pl. 275. 1914; Elm., Leafl. Philip.
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Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 616—617. 1923; H. J. Lam in Lauterb., Engl.
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Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 2, 1311. 1927; Domin, Bibl.

52 PY 7.0 by, OrG Ek Vol. 21, no. 1

Bot. 89 (6): 1109. 1928; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 39 & 350.
1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hor-
tus 111. 1930; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 6): 500,
501, 503, & 508--512. 1932; Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3):
[Verbenac. China] 30—31. 1932; Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
60: 55. 1932; Hochr., Candollea 5: 90. 193; Junell, Symb. Bot.
Upsal. : 81 & 83. 193; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov.

39: 299 & 306 (1936) and 0: 56, 73--7h, 88, 89, 91-93, 96-99,
102, 120, 122--125, 127,-& 130. 1936; Beer & Lam, Blumea 2: 221—
222. 1936; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 6l--645 & 715. 1936;
Moldenke, Cult. Pl. 35. 1938; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf.

1938: 12 & 1-415. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 45 &
46. 1938; Moldenke, Alph. List Common Vern. Names 2, 28, & 30.
1939; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Moldenke, An-
not. & Chassif. List 108. 1939; Moldenke, Suppl. List Common
Vern. Names 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, & 20—-2. 190; Moldenke,
Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 5, 9--13, 26, & 32. 190; Mol-
denke, Suppl. List Invalid Names 2. 191; Kanehira & Hatus., Bot.
Mag. Tokyo 56: 113. 192; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., [ed. 1], Su—71, 86, & 87. 19h2; Moldenke, Alph. List Inval-
id Names 4, 8--11, 25, & 33. 1942; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 9).
1945; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 89, 100, 120, 160, 192, 220, &
284. 1946; P'ei, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 1: 3. 1947; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 2: 343. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl.

1: 3. 1947; He. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 50. 198; Molden-
ke, Castanea 13: 121. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 359,

392, Ok, hO9, 432, 433, 462, 470, 562,565, 566, 580, 621,, G3iae
643, (1948), 32-659, 718, 728, 7h2, 813, 827, 8h0, 90), 936, @ 972
(1949), and 4: 987, 1018, 1095, 1100, 1102, 1104, 1105, 1119, 1128,
1139, 1148, 1181, 120), 1205, 1232, 1235, 1259, & 1260. 199; Mol-
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., (ed. 2}, 12h, 125, 128,
129, 130,233, 135, 137-110, Wd=-148, 150. 152,.155,. 1675 inne
177. 1949; Rehd., Bibl. Cult. Trees 58{. 1919; E. D. Merr., Ind.
Raf. 20). 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 286, 294, & 380. 1950; W.
J. Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 359. 1951;
H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 271, 276, 280, 285, 290—293,
300, 303, 310, & 311. 1951; Anon., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Seed Exchange
List 1952 p. 2. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 83 & 121--12h. 1952;
Moldenke, Journ. Calif. Hort. Soc. 15: 85. 1954; Moldenke, Inform.
Mold. Set 51 Spec. 2. 1956; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17:
LS, 46, & 48. 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 215 (1958) and 7: 77.
1959; Moldenke, Résumé 82, 155, 159, 160, 165, 166, 168, 172, 17h,
175, 177, 179, 182, 186, 187, 189, 191198, 200, 202, 203, 208,
211, 213, 234, 2h1—2h8, 298, 319, 43, & hhh. 1959; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. 1: 13, 16, & 24. 1959; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index
1929-1956, 59. 1959; Puri, Indian Forest Ecol. 2: 516. 1960; J. F.
Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 701. 1960; Moldenke, Biol.
Abstr. 35: 1687. 1960; Rehman, Curr. Sci. 31: 302--303. 1962;
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.4: 592. 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat.
Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 1. 1962; Thothathri, Bull. Bot. Surv. In-
dia h: 295. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 20, 21, & 23 (1962)
and 7: 6. 1963; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 2: 617 & 618. 1963; Li,

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 53

Woody Pl. Taiwan 818, 821--822, & 9. 1963; Maheshwari, Fl. Del-
hi 281. 1963; Van Campo & Planchais, Pollen & Sp. 5: 471. 1963;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 43 (3): B.17. 1963; Santapau, Excerpt. Bot.
A.7: 18. 1964; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 8: 3 (196h,) and 12: 8.
1965; Chopra, Badhwar, & Ghosh, Poison. Pl. India 2: 695--696,
fig. 175. 1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 601. 1965; Neal, In
Gard. Hawaii, new rev. ed., 726. 1965; Majeshwari & Singh, Dict.
Econ. Pl. India 30. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 6 (1966)
and 1h: 3, 6, & 7. 1966; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8:
301. 1966; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 16). 1966; Panigra-
hi & Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 143 & 151. 1966; Moldenke,
Phytologia 13: 427, 439, 475, 499, & 502 (1966), 1h: 37, 38, 53—
55, 58, 59, 62, 99, 101, 102, 107, 108, 111, 114, 118, 125--127,
ESO IGT pA. TU B72 gk AOE (2966) yds: 220512225223. 123050:237,
2hh, 2h5, 29, & 255 (1967), and 15: 15, 16: es 28, & 37--39
1967; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl. 37. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 15: 8—13, 16, & 17. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 361,
364--366, 368, 371, 373, 377, 381, & 388. 1969; Deb, Sengupta, &
Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 22: 17 & 199. 1968; Uphof, Dict.
Econ. Pl., ed. 2, 96. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 8—~13,
15, 17, & 18. 1968; M. A. Rau, Bot. Surv. India 10, Suppl. 2: 61.
1969.

Illustrations: Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. [Illustr. Gen.] 1:
pl. 69, fig. 2. 1791; Lindl., Veg. Kingd. 663. 186; Koord. & Val-
et., Atlas Baumart. Java 5: pl. 275. 191).

Small slender bush or shrub, 0.6—-5 m. tall, erect, woody,
glabrate, sometimes rather straggling, rarely becoming a small
slender tree to 10 m. tall or even a climber [e.g., K. Larsen
10267], the youngest parts sometimes slightly stellate-tomentose
or glabrate throughout; stems to 6 inches in circumference and 1—
10 cm. in diameter at breast height, smooth except for a few scat-
tered pustules; branches comparatively slender, more or less tet-
ragonal, mostly weak and spreading, usually glabrous; branchlets
medium to slender, obtusely tetragonal, subglabrescent; each node
of both the branches and branchlets usually marked by a circumfer-
ential ridge or scar resembling a stipule-scar, most conspicuous
on glabrous branches; principal internodes 1.5--6 cm. long; leaves
decussate-opposite; petioles rather slender, )--21 mm. long, sub-
glabrescent; leaf-blades very thin-chartaceous or membranous,
varying from yellowish-green or light-green on both surfaces to
rather dark-green on both surfaces or lighter beneath, lanceolate
or broadly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 6—18 cm.
long, 2—6.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate and often somewhat caudate
at the apex, more or less irregularly and very shortly dentate to
serrulate or minutely denticulate-serrulate along the margins (ex-
cept at the base), rarely subentire, attenuate into a more or
less acuminate base, usually glabrate or obscurely strigillose
above (glabrous or subglabrous when mature), glabrous or subgla-
brate beneath or thinly pubescent with simple or stellate hairs
(the hairs usually simple on the lamina and stellate on the larger
venation), marked with numerous, tiny, closely appressed, circular
or elliptic, concave, golden-yellow scales; midrib slender, often

5h Pansy Oo OrGdiek Vol. 21, now. 1

more or less furfuraceous beneath; secondaries slender, 7--10 per
side, prominent beneath, arcuate-ascending, but often only very
slightly arcuate, usually rather obscurely anastomosing at the
margins; vein and veinlet reticulation delicate; inflorescence
axillary or supra-axillary; cymes opposite, solitary, short- or
rather long-pedunculate, 1.5--7 cm. long, 1--6.5 cm. wide, many-
flowered, dense or slender and lax, several times dichotomous,
often extremely loose-spreading with the angle of the primary fur-
cations about 90°, bracteolate, very much shorter than the sub-
tending leaves, subglabrescent; peduncles very slender, 6--17 m.
long; pedicels very slender, 0.5--2 mm. long; bractlets linear,
1--3 mm. long; prophylla minute, setaceous, pubescent or subglab-
‘rate; calyx campanulate, 1--1.3 mm. long, about 1.1m. wide,
rather inconspicuously 4-costate, glabrous or subglabrate, its
rim subtruncate, very shortly l-toothed; corolla infundibular or
hypocrateriform, purple, violet, rose-purple, or lavender to pink,
pale-mauve, blue, whitish, or white, its tube broadly cylindric,
about 1.3 mm. long, ampliate above, often somewhat granulose on
the outer surface, scarcely pubescent, its limb l-parted, the
lobes erect or incurved, oblong-lingulate, rounded at the apex,
usually somewhat granulose on the outer surface; stamens , in-
serted at the very base of the corolla-tube, exserted, pink or
yellow; filaments filiform, about 3.1 mm. long, glabrous; anth-
ers broadly oblong, about 0.5 mm. long and wide, the thecae
light-yellow; pollen yellow; pistil long-exserted and surpassing
the stamens (in ¢); style capillary, about .7 mm. long, pink,
glabrous, ampliate above into the stigma; stigma depressed-
capitate or peltate, white, about 0.5 mm. wide; ovary subglobose,
about 0.5 mm. long and wide, densely granulose or glandular, not
hairy, -celled; fruiting-calyx light, shallowly cupuliform or
patelliform, about 2 mm. wide, mostly subglabrate, its rim sub-
truncate, frequently irregularly split; fruit globose or subglo-
bose, small, mostly white when mature, rarely dark-pink, green
when immature, 2.1--2.5 mm. long and wide, glabrous, l-seeded.
This extremely variable and much misunderstood species occurs,
in its typical form from eastern Pakistan and India through trop-
ical southeast Asia, north to southern China and Hainan Island,
and east to Indochina, Malaya, the Philippines, the Moluccas, New
Guinea, New Ireland, and Queensland. It is widely cultivated and
has been introduced in Peru and Madagascar. The type was collec-—
ted by Pierre Sonnerat in the vicinity of Malacca before 1783 and
is deposited in the Lamarck Herbarium at the Muséum National d!'
Histoire Naturelle at Paris. Because of the abundant confusion
and misinterpretation of this taxon, Lamarck's original descrip—
tion is worth repeating here: "Callicarpe a feuilles longues.
Callicarpa longifolia. Callicarpa foliis longis lanceolatis sub-
dentatis, utrinque viridibus, corymbis parvis axillaribus. N.
Crest une espéce bien remarquable par la forme de ses feuilles, &
qui est presqu'entierement glabre dans toutes ses parties. Ses
feuilles sont opposées, pétiolées, longues-lancéolées, pointeus,
a peine denticulées en leurs bords, minces, molles, vertes des
deux cOtes, & presque tout-a-fait glabres, "excepté dans leur jein-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 55

esse. Elles ont sept a huit pouces de longueur, sue une largeur
d'un pouce & demi. Les fleurs sont petites, disposées comme dans
les précédentes; elles ont un calice court, presque tronqué ou 4
quatre dents peu sensibles; une corolle infundibuliforme & quadri-
fide; quatre étamines une fois plus longues que le corolle; & un
ovaire supérieur, dont le style aussi long que les étamines, est
terminé par un stigmate en tte tronquée. Cette plante croft
dans les environs de Malac, & mous a été communiquée par M. Son-
nerat." In his 1791 work he says of it "C. foliis longis lanceo-
latis subdentatis utrinque viridibus, cymis axillaribus laxiuscu-
lis. Circa urbem Malacam. h Fol. 8-pollicaria. Pl. distinctiss.
a Callic. japonica Thunbergii."

The species has been found growing in forests, high forests,
and rainforests, dense or evergreen forests, fairly wet open tall
secondary or virgin forests, clearings, secondgrowth, rainforest
regrowth, secondary scrub, small openings in rainforests, and open
slightly shaded spots in primary forests, on level land or river
gravel, hills and grassy hillsides, and slopes, along lanes and
streams, and at abandoned campsites and scrub-edge, from sealevel
to 2000 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in every month of
the year.

Lei describes it as "abundant scattered shrubs in sandy soil on
dry level land along roadsides" on Hainan Island. Ridley (1909)
avers that it is "Common in the low country" of Malaya. Hoogland
reports it as "fairly common in low regrowth" in Papua, while Brass
says that it is "plentiful in rainforest regrowths" and "common in
rainforests" in the same land. Kanehira & Hatusima found it to be
"fairly common at the edge of rainforests" in neighboring New Gui-
nea and give its general distribution as "India through Malaya to
New Guinea, northward to Formosa", In Thailand it is said by
Smitinand to be "common along paths in evergreen jungle", Thaworn
says "common in lowland evergreen forests", and Boonchuai, Bunnak,
and Suvarnakoses all refer to it as "scattered in evergreen
jungles". Lau tells us that on Hainan it is "fairly common in
moist level land and clay soil of meadows". Panigrahi & Joseph
(1966) says that the species is scarce in Nefa and cites his no.
1497). Matthew (1966) records it from West Bengal. Deb. Gupta, &
Malick (1968) tell us that in Bhutan it is found on the "outskirts
of forests".

Watt (1889) says of it "A shrub of the Malaya Peninsula, Penang,
and Nicobar Islands"; Ridley (1923) says "Tropical Asia", Bakhuizen
van den Brink (192) "southeast Asia and tropical Australia", and
Domin "from Malacca through Malaya to northeast Queensland". Hooker
& Mueller (1870) regarded it as native and "widely spread over the
Indian Archipelago, extending into India to Khasia and East Bengal".
Ptei (1947) records it from Szechuan, China, while Prain (1903) re-
cords: it from "C[entral] Bengal; Tippera; Chittagong". Several
authors record it from "Prince of Wales Island", but it is not cer-
tain if they are referring to the island of this name in Penang or
the one in Torres Strait near Australia.

Some Types and Range Extensions in Hybanthus (Violaceae)

C. V. Morton

In 1944, I published a paper "The Genus Hybanthus in Continental
North America" (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 74-82. 1944). Since that
time two significant papers have been published on Hybanthus, one by
L. B. Smith and A. Fernandez-Perez, on the Colombian species (Caldasia
6: 124-136. 1954) and one, by Standley and Williams, on the Guatemalan
species (Fieldiana, Bot. 24 (7, no. 1): 72-76. 1961). At the time of
my publication I had not seen some of the essential types. Since then
I have studied the specimens in various European herbaria, especially
those in London and Paris. These studies did not reveal any mis-
interpretations in the paper, but two of the dubious species can now
be placed, leaving only two still dubious--Ionidium lasiocarpum Presl
and I. lobelioides Schlecht. My notes on types and some range ex-
tensions are here brought together, with comments also on three new
species recently described from Central America by others.

HYBANTHUS ATTENUATUS (Humb. & Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze, Notizbl. Bot
Gart. Berlin 12; 114. 1934.

Ionidium attenuatum Humb. &Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. in L. Syst. Veg.
ed. nov. 5: 402. 1819. TYPE: Cited merely as "in America
meridionali'; the subsequent publication of the nomenclaturally
synonymous name Ionidium riparium H. B. K. gave the type
locality as Angostura de Carare, on the banks of the Rio
Magdalena, Colombia, Humboldt and Bonpland. The holotype is
presumably in the Willdenow Herbarium, Berlin.

Ionidium riparium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 378. 1823. This is
a superfluous change of name of I. attenuatum, which is cited
as a synonym. The description is much amplified from the brief
one given by Roemer and Schultes, and a definite locality is
cited. The specimen that served for the description is in the
Humboldt Herbarium, Paris (no. 1643, from Angostura, Rio
Magdalena, Colombia); there is a duplicate from the Bonpland
Herbarium in the general herbarium in Paris. In my 1944 paper
I did not cite any type from H. attenuatus. The Paris specimens
show that the species was correctly interpreted.

Ionidium calceolarium Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 311. 1824. TYPE:
Mexico, Sessé & Mocifio. Gingins saw only a drawing. I have
now seen a Sessé and Mocifio specimen at Kew named Viola
calceolaria which agrees with Gingins'description and with
Sessé and Mocifio's own later published description of their
Viola calceolaria. This Kew specimen is here designated
lectotype. It is a synonym of Hybanthus attenuatus, and has
nothing at all to do with Viola calceolaria L.

56

1971 Morton, Hybanthus 57

Viola calceolaria Sessé & Mocifo, Plant. Nov. Hisp. ed. 2, 141.
1893, non L., 1763. Described from a garden in Mazatlan,
Mexico. To be lectotypified as above by a specimen so named
at Kew. The name was presumably published in the first
edition which I have not seen.

Ionidium botterii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 36(1): 556.

1863. TYPE: Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico, Botteri s.n. This
species has never been placed. I have not seen the type, but
a collection of Botteri 319 in the British Museum is from
Orizaba and agrees fairly well with the original description,
except that the upper flowers are not subsessile. It is
likely that this does represent I. botterii, which is then
identical with H. attenuatus, which is well known from
Orizaba and adjoining regions.

Calceolaria mocinoana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 41. 1891. A new
name for Ionidium calceolarium Ging.

HYBANTHUS BREVIS (Dowell) Standl. in Standl. & Calderon, List. Prel.
Pl. Salvador 152. 1925.
Calceolaria brevis Dowell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 552. 1906.
TYPE: Volc4n Jumaytepeque, Santa Rosa, Guatemala, Heyde & Lux
3943! (us).

This species, which I reduced to H. elatus in my revision,
appears sufficiently distinct in foliage characters. The leaves
are small, not more than 8 cm. long, and merely acute whereas
those of H. elatus are generally 13--15 cm. long, and long-attenuate
at tip; the midribs and veins beneath are minutely but obviously
puberulous in H. brevis and glabrous in H. elatus. The range is
Chiapas (Sumidero of Yochib, Koltol Te', Breedlove 6231; Moel Ch'en,
above Tenejapa, Breedlove 10902) and Guatemala (Coban, Alta Verapaz,
Tuerckheim II 1354; Volca4n Jumaytepeque, Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux
4435; Rio Frio, between Tactic and Santa Cruz, Alta Verapaz, Molina &
Molina 12248; Cerro Pixpix, Huehuetenango, Steyermark 50590). As
may be noted, the departments of Guatemala in which H. brevis occurs
are all different from those where H. elatus has been found, which
may indicate some ecological preferences.

HYBANTHUS CALCEOLARIA (L.) G. K. Schulze, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 12; 114. 1934.

In 1944 I knew this distinctive species in North America from
only a single collection from British Honduras, and suspected that
it might be an introduction. This is evidently not true, for the
species is now known from several collections from British Honduras
and also from Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, viz.: Mexico: East of
Alvarado, Veracruz, Miranda 8513; northeast of Minatitlan, Veracruz,
King 1051; northwest of Zanatepec, Oaxaca, King 483; east of

1 By a typographical error cited as 2943 in my 1944 paper.

58 PH Y2 O.d-0'G Bk Vol. 21, no. 1

Niltepec, King 1809; British Honduras: Jenkins Creek, Stann Creek
District, Hunt 363; San Luis Road, El Cayo District, Augustine,
Hunt 225; Cow Pen, Toledo District, Gentle 4076.

HYBANTHUS CHIAPENSIS Lundell, Wrightia 4: 36. 1968.

TYPE: Carelas, Chiapas, Mexico, Matuda 5514.

I have seen no material. This is the fifth shrubby species known
from Mexico. It can be distinguished from the others by its
solitary flowers, small, congested leaves, and large capsules ca.

1 cm. long.

HYBANTHUS ELATUS (Turcz.) Morton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 80.
1944,

In my revision I placed Hybanthus brevis (Dowell) Standl. as a
synonym, but a reexamination of the type and other material indi-
cates that it can stand as distinct. The true H. elatus is repre-
sented by specimens from Veracruz (Botteri 895, L. C. Smith 1840),
Mexico (Tequezquinahuac, Cerro de Azompan, Matuda 31181, US),
Ghiesbreght 47 (perhaps from Chiapas ?), and Guatemala (Finca
Vergei, San Marcos, Standley 68921; Aldea Fraternidad, San Marcos,
Williams et al. 26024; VolcA4n Fuego, Chimaltenango, Steyermark
52056; Volc4n Santa Clara, Suchitepéquez, Steyermark 46627; between
Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, Quezaltenango, Standley 87076; between
Santa Maria de Jesus and Palin, Escuintla, Standley 61293. The
specimen that I cited from Oaxaca (Conzatti & Cancino 2432) proves
on further study to represent H. verbenaceus (H. B. K.) Loesen.

I still have not seen the type of H. elatus,which is presumably

—_——_——_
in Leningrad, and so it is placed from the description only.

HYBANTHUS GALEOTTII (Turcz.) Morton ex Williams, Fieldiana Bot.
29 35500) L9G:

Ionidium galeottii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 27(2): 339.
1854. TYPE: Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, Galeotti 7085.
Hybanthus occultus (Polak.) Standl. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18:

ise 19387e

In 1944, I adopted the name H. occultus and regarded Ionidium
galeottii as a dubious species. However, I have now seen a photo-
graph (Field Museum no. 24006) of an isotype of I. galeottii from
the herbarium in Geneva, and this shows that the species is
identical with Purpus 13012, from Zacuapan, Veracruz, Mexico, the
type of Hybanthus purpusii Standl., which I consider the same as
the Costa Rican H. occultus (Polak.) Standl. Since Ionidium
galeottii (1854) has priority over I. occultum Polak. (1877),
the new combination H. galeottii was necessary.

Although I treated this plant among the herbaceous species of
the genus, it is actually usually a shrub. According to the data
on Skutch 2413, it is: "A shrub 2 m. high, with slender, wiry stems;
flowers white, with a yellow spot at base of the large petal."
According to Austin-Smith H796: "Open diffuse shrub with stems

1971 Morton, Hybanthus 59

over 1m. long; bark pale brown; leaves thin, faintly scabrous;
lower lip petal large, pure white." Steyermark 49639 says
"Shrub 3 feet tall; petals lilac-white; leaves membranous,

rich green above, pale green beneath.'"' These quotations show
that there may be some variability in the flower color.

HYBANTHUS MEXICANUS Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 312. 1824.
TYPE: Mexico, Sessé & Mocifio (not seen; no exact locality cited)
Key to the Subspecies
Leaves obviously pilose on the surfaces of both sides. Yucatén.
subsp. pilosus
Leaves glabrous on the surfaces.
Leaf midrib above with rather few, largest spreading hairs. San
ENTS POCOBIL Siete e'cles S's Sivtelesle'e Seece eee ess SUubsSp.! mexicanus
Leaf midrib above puberulous, the hairs minute, numerous,
curved. Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California...subsp. occidentalis

Subsp. MEXICANUS

Restricted to San Luis Potosi apparently (Pringle 3063, syntype
of Alsodeia parvifolia S. Watson), 4019 (syntype of Alsodeia
parvifolia S. Watson); Purpus 4897, 5455).

Subsp. OCCIDENTALIS Morton, subsp. nov.

Folia in superficiebus omnino glabra, marginibus vix ciliolatis,
costa supra minute et subdense puberula.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,686,634, collected at
Arroyo de Mescales, Rio Mayo, Sonora, July 21, 1936, by H. S. Gentry
(no. 2291). Described on label as "'a shrub two or three meters
high, at the foot of a forested slope, tropical Sonoran zone."

PARATYPES (all from Mexico): Cerro Prieta, near Culiacan, Sinaloa,
Nov. 30, 1944, alt. 150-500 feet, Gentry 7114 (US), "spreading under-
shrub; flowers dull white"; Western slopes of Sierra de la Laguna,
east of Todos Santos, Baja California, Dec. 28, 1947, Carter,
Alexander, & Kellogg 2453, "straggly tree up to 6 m. tall; flowers
creamy white; in tall, fine-leaved leguminous forest on lower
slopes"; Cape Region, Baja California, Nov. 4, 1902, T. S. Brandegee
(US) (distributed as Alsodeia parvifolia).

Subsp. PILOSUS Morton, subsp. nov.

Folia utrinque evidenter pilosa.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,266,286, collected in
Yucatan, Mexico, 1917--1921, by George F. Gaumer (no. 23,944)
(Distributed as Hybanthus acalyphoides Standl., an unpublished name).

PARATYPES (all from Yucatan): Buena Vista Xbac, Gaumer 1044
(US); without specific locality, Gaumer 24, 168 (US).

HYBANTHUS OPPOSITIFOLIUS (L.) Taubert, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 333. 1895.
Ionidium longifolium Sessé & Mocifio ex Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 31l.
1824. TYPE: Mexico, Sessé & Mocifio. Gingins saw no specimens.
There is a Sessé and Mocifio specimen in the British Museum
determined as Viola longifolia from "N, E.," i.e. Nueva
Espana (=Mexico). This agrees with Gingins' description

60 PH YT, 0.440 GBA Vol. 21, no. 1

and is surely authentic. It is here designated lectotype.
My 1944 disposition of the species as a synonym of H.
oppositifolius was correct. Mounted on the same sheet
is another Sessé and Mocifio specimen from Mexico with the
name "Viola linearifolia,'' unpublished name; this is also
a poor specimen of H. oppositifolius.
Ionidium parietariifolium DC. Prodr. 1: 308. 1824.
Ionidium parietariifolium var. houstonii DC. Prodr. 1: 308. 1824.
Ionidium parietariifolium var. berterii DC. Prodr. 1: 308. 1824.
The species I. parietariifolium was originally divided into two
varieties @ houstonii and 8 berterii. It is evident that var. @
is to be considered as the typical variety. It was based ona
collection from Veracruz in the Banks Herbarium (British Museum)
and on a specimen in the Lambert Herbarium from Peru collected by
Ruiz and Pavon. I designate the specimen in the British Museum as
lectotype; it bears the notation "Viola americana annua erecta
parietariaefolio flore oblongo" and was evidently from the Miller
Herbarium and collected by Houston. It represents typical Hybanthus
attenuatus (Humb. & Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze. The var. berterii was
described from "in Sanctae Marthae", evidently the Santa Marta
Mountains, Colombia, collected by Bertero. I have seen an isotype
in Paris labelled "Ins. S. Marthe, de M. Balbis cuilli par M.
Bertero, no. 35."" The "Ins.,"' i.e. "insula" is evidently an error
for "in,'' since Santa Marta is not an island. This specimen
probably represents H. attenuatus also, but it is dwarf and atypical.
Although a perennial, H. oppositifolius sometimes flowers the first
year from seed and therefore appears annual. Annual plants can be
distinguished from the strictly annual H. attenuatus by the
essentially glabrous stems, those of H. attenuatus being strongly
pilose in broad lines. This may now be reported also from British
Honduras (Mountain Pine Ridge, El Cayo District, Lundell 6661;
Augustine, El Cayo District, Hunt 117) and Honduras (El Zamorano,
Morazan, Standley 19009).

HYBANTHUS PROCTORI Lundell, Wrightia 4: 37. 1968.
TYPE: Between Pulay and San Juan Cotzal, El Quiché, Guatemala,
Proctor 25009.

I have not seen the type, but there is a paratype in the National
Herbarium: Nebaj, El Quiché, Contreras 5032. This is an herbaceous
species that will run to H. verbenaceus in my key, to which it is
not perhaps closely allied. It has much larger, differently shaped
leaves, and elongate pedicels.

HYBANTHUS PRUNIFOLIUS (Humb. & Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze, Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin 12: 114. 1934.
Viola prunifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. in L. Syst.
Veg. ed. nov. 5: 391. 1819. TYPE: Presumably in the Willdenow
Herbarium, Berlin, collected by Humboldt and Bonpland. No
locality other than "America meridionalis" was cited, but

1971 Morton, Hybanthus 61

the specific locality was given by H. B. K. under nomen-
claturally the synonymous Ionidium anomalum as "in sylvis
(Bosque del Zapote) juxta Turbaco, 190 hex. Regno Novo-
Granatensi," [i.e., near Turbaco, Department of Bolivar,
Colombia].

Ionidium anomalum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 381, t. 500. 1823.
A superfluous change of epithet for Viola prunifolia Humb. &
Bonpl., cited as a synonym. The description is much amplified
from that given by Roemer and Schultes. I have seen the
isotype in the Humboldt Herbarium, Paris, and another in the
general Herbarium, Paris, no. 1454 from the Bonpland Herbarium,
noted as from Turbaco.

HYBANTHUS SERRULATUS Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 312.
1927.

In 1944 this species was known only from the type from Michoac4n
or Guerrero, Langlassé 558. Mr. George Hinton turned up three
additional collections in his extensive explorations of western
Mexico: Ocatitlan, State of Mexico, Hinton 8587; Puerto Zarzamora,
Michoacd4n, Hinton 12716, and Vallecitos, Guerrero, Hinton 11654.

HYBANTHUS SYLVICOLA Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 23:
176. 1944,
TYPE: Finca Los Alpes, Pila-pec, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala,
Wilson 329.

I have not seen the type. A specimen identified by Lundell as
probably this is Seamay, Petén, Guatemala, Contreras 6656, and from
the description it does appear to be the same. This is the sixth
shrubby species known from Central America. It does not appear to
be closely allied to the others, differing in its large, glabrous,
lanceolate, entire leaves, and its small, fasciculate flowers on
slender pedicels.

HYBANTHUS THIEMEI (Donn. Smith) Morton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29:
81. 1944.

This species has been previously known in Mexico only from Campeche.
It may now be reported also from Yucatan, Gaumer in 1895, no. 855
(BM), without specific locality (originally distributed as Ionidium
brevicaule Mart.). It may also be reported from Costa Rica for the
first time: Vicinity of El General, Prov. San José, Skutch 3960,

3975 (both US).

HYBANTHUS VERBENACEUS (H. B. K.) Loesen. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 3:
wi5i 1903.

Ionidium verbenaceum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 379, t. 497. 1823.
In my 1944 paper I did not cite a type for this species. It was
described from "in Horto Mexicano," i.e. in a Mexican garden. Since
this species is by no means ornamental and has no known uses, it may

be assumed that the original plant was naturally occurring in the
garden rather than cultivated. I have now seen the holotype in the

62 PB OY. 30-L/0sG toh Vol. 21, no. 1

Humboldt Herbarium in Paris (no. 4024, marked "Hort. Mexican."

It shows that the species was correctly interpreted in my paper.
The type is a small perennial, with the acute leaves cuneate at
base, ca. 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, bluntly toothed, with
about eight teeth on either side; the calyx lobes are slender
and pubescent and the labellum not villous; there are no capsules
present. It is similar to a specimen in Paris collected by
Brother Nicolas (s.n.), at Guadelupe, Puebla, Mexico, June 15,
TOLO:

HYBANTHUS VERTICILLATUS (Ortega) Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 345. 1873
Ionidium lineare Torr. Ann. Lyc. New York 2: 168. 1828. TYPE:
Red River, Ark., James.

Hybanthus linearis (Torr.) Shinners, Field & Lab. 19: 126. 1951.
Shinners has adopted the name H. linearis for the common Texas
form of this species, which has most of the leaves alternate rather
than opposite or verticillate. However, the position of the leaves
appears to be variable and perhaps not significant. Plants with
alternate leaves are also commonly found in Mexico, and one such
is Ionidium gracile Sessé & Mocifio ex Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 309.
1824. If plants with alternate leaves are to be segregated then

the epithet gracile has priority over linearis.

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L. Moldenke

"THE BOLETI OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA" by Walter H. Snell &
Esther A. Dick, xii & 115 pp., 87 plates. J. Cramer, Lehre,
Germany, or Stechert-IIafner Agency, Darien, Connecticut
06826. 1970. DM 200, £29, 18s, or $55.00.

Such a beautiful, valuable work that it will be desired by
many! Such an expensive book that it may have to be bypassed by
many lovers of fungi generally and mushrooms specifically, of col-
lections of artistic plates, and of exotically attractive books!
For those who can garner the marks, pounds, or dollars there is
a wonderful treat in store. Basically following Singer's classi-
fication, 138 species and subspecies in 15 genera of the Strobilo-
mycetaceae and the Boletaceae are effectively keyed, described
and given both geographic and ecologic distribution. Their edi-
bility is considered. There are 16 plates with outline drawings
of spores, cystidia (mostly cheilocystidia) and basidia. There is
a good bibliography and index. Then there are those 72 truly mag-
nificent, natural size, natural color plates with over 00 paint-
ings by the senior author on them.

This work represents the only modern publication in this area
and a professional lifetime of skilled effort. It is regretted
that the still commonly used scientific synonyms and common names
are not included since this book will surely appeal to many more
than the professional and student mycologists. It is a must for
colleges, universities, botanical and related institutions and
all better libraries both public and private.

"INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL SCIENCE, Part Two: THE LIFE SCIENCES" by
V. Lawrence Parsegian, Paul R. Shilling, Floyd V. Monaghan &
Abraham S. Luchins, xv & 727 pp., illus., Academic Press,
London and New York, New York 10003. 1970. $10.95.

"TEACHER'S GUIDE to Introduction to Natural Science, Part Two: THE
LIFE SCIENCES" by V. Lawrence Parsegian, ix & 10] pp., Aca-
demic Press, London & New York, New York 10003. 1970. $.75
paperback.

"LABORATORY SUPPLEMENT to Introduction to Natural Science, Part
Two: THE LIFE SCIENCES" by V. Lawrence Parsegian, Paul R.
Shilling & Floyd V. Monaghan, vii & 105 pp., illus., Academic
Press, London & New York, New York 10003. 1970, $2.95
paperback.

This well coordinated set of books represents a great deal of
careful planning for a si cae ae pet at the beginning college
2

64 Pir OL 01Gerres Vol. 21, moa

level for majors and non-majors who have had a preliminary semes-
ter of training in the physical sciences. Actually the material
is carefully enough explained not to be dependent upon that course.

As part of the trend of this day the content is primarily bio-
chemistry and human neural physiology. Of course, much of value
can be learned from this orientation, but there is almost nothing
of a holistic approach to the world of living plants and animals
until the next to the last chapter which is devoted to ecology.
There is no mention of any part of biosystematics. The book is
modestly illustrated. Page 1 shows three good black/white
photographs of the stele of root, stem and leaf but with no iden-
tification of the plant(s) involved; many texts tend to be careless
in this way. Questions at the ends of the chapters are often in-
telligent. The realistically short bibliographies there are also
good, but references to several common important works were
missed, such as to Ehrlich's work in the ecology chapter.

The "Teacler's Guide!! should be particularly helpful to begin-
ning instructors.

The "Laboratory Supplement" is well organized and suggests
some interesting activities. It supplements the text well.

"ELSEVIER'S DICTIONARY OF HORTICULTURE in Nine Languages —— Eng-
lish, French, Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, Spanish, Ital-
ian, Latin" edited by J. Nijdam, xvi & 561 pp., Elsevier
Publishing Company, Box 211, Amsterdam; Barking, England;
New York, New York 10017. 1970. $26.00.

Compiled under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries at the Hague, this useful dictionary offers one more
language - Italian - than the 6-language "Horticultural Diction-
ary" of 1961 - and now out of print - from the Dutch State Publish-
ing Company. There are }2),;0 numbered entries with English as the
lead language followed by separate listings of each of the other
languages. Continued use of the same numbers throughout all nine
lists provides for handy cross-referencing. There is a 0 percent
increase of terms in this dictionary edition.

Of the terms selected for listing the editor and collaborators
claim "all those in any way concerned with [general] ha ticulture
on an international basis will find this publication an indis=
pensable tool." True, indeed!

> PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

Vol. 21 March, 1971 No. 2

CONTENTS

ADAMS, C. D., Miscellaneous additions and revisions to the flowering

UPMSSLAT IRMEIDGALD chit ect ks gigi acy, ny peter ola ea eee Ae 65
-DEGENER, O. & I., Scaevola kilaueae var. powersii Deg. & Deg. ...... 72
; omiiH, Lv. B.,WNotes on Bromeliaceae, XXX oi. ee 73
DEGENER, O. & I., Natural history of the Bonin Islands ........... 97
DEGENER, AIR ONIERO So eek. 2 cbs. 5 ioe rth ee ks ots = ae bee ald 99
-~MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of

SE OMS CONICOT DA. AIUD os. Wong bea 3 Ge aan so ob gee ales 101
-WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XVI ...........0005. 115
! eer eT, SAL. BOOK FEMIEWS. sie elec Galo he sha noe we ais acest bons 131

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

303 Parkside Road Hs w YORI

Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 eo TAMICA!
U.S.A. aa ® Dan

Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7.50, in advance,
or $8, at close of volume

MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIONS AND REVISIONS TO THE FLOWERING PLANTS
OF JAMATCA IT
C. D. Adams

ANTHURIUM (ARACEAE)

ANTHURIUM MANCUNIENSE C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

A. venosi Griseb. affine sed foliorum laminis majoribus
plerumque cordatis sinibus latis vel truncatis et viridibus
impolitis; spatha rigide erecta spadicem plus mimisve aequantem
differt.

Herba terrestris vel rupestris perennis glabra; rhizoma
crassa erecta demum parce ramosa radicis crassiusculis advehtitiis.
Prophylla elongato-ovata carinata apicibus apiculatis vel aristatis
usque ad 20 cm longa et 9 cm lata ubi complanata. Petioli solidi
adaxiale plani vel parum sulcati abaxiale rotundati 12-30 om longi.
Foliorum laminae ovatae vel lanceolatae, basi cordatae sinibus
latis vel truncatae, apice acutae vel obtusae apiculatae, nervis e
basi palmatis in paribus duobus tribusve et e costa pinnatis
utroque circa sex, coriaciae, virides impolitae subtus leviter
pallidiores, 25-57 om longae, 13-38 cm latae. Scapus robustus
teres, 9-20 cm longus. Spatha oblongo-ovata apice navicularis
rigide erecta, initio rubella postea olivacea vel viridis, 6-16 am
longa usque ad 8 cm lata. Spadix oblongus plus mimisve decrescens
fumosus, 7-15 om longa. Perianthium 2 mm longum, 2-2.5 mm latum.
Filamenta oblanceolata. Fructus baccatus succulentus oblongus
proximale albus distale purpureus, 7-8 mm longus, ca. 4 m latus,
ubi perfectus 2-seminalis in pulpa mucilagina, e perianthio
extrusus et ad maturitatem carpophoro filiformi pendulus. Semina
plano-convexa, 4=—5 mm longa, 2.5-3 mm lata, ochracea.

Type Collection: Wm. Harris 8833 (holotype UCWI), growing in
crevices of precipitous honey-combed rocks, near Troy, Trelawny
Parish, Jamaica, elev. ca. 2000 feet, 6 December 1904.

Paratypes: G. R. Proctor 9952 (IJ unicate), on partly shaded
limestone ledge, Tyre District, 2 miles north of Troy, Trelawmy
Parish, Jamaica, elev. ca. 1750 feet, 1; March 1955; C. D. Adams
6095 (UCWI unicate), on limestone cliff in forest, Oxford Caves to
Balaclava junction, Manchester Parish, Jamaica, elev. 700 feet, 7

Jamary 1960; G. R. Proctor 22975 (IJ), shaded limestone cliff,
vicinity of Auchtemb e, Manchester Parish, Jamaica, elev. ca,
1750 feet, 1 December 1962; C. D. Adams 12443 (UCWI), on steep
cliff, Cockpit, ca. 5 miles north-west of Troy, Trelawny Parish,
Jamaica, elev. 1750 feet, 4 April 1963.

Specimens of this species were earlier determined as A.
grandifolium (Jacq.) Kunth and later as A. venosm Griseb.; it

65

66 PHYTOL OG LA Vol. 21, no. 2

differs from both these in the rigid erect boat-shaped spathe
which is about as long as the spadix. It is restricted in its
present known distribution to a small area near where the bound-
aries of the parishes Trelawny, Manchester and St. Elizabeth meet.

DENDROPANAX (ARALIACEAE)
DENDROPANAX OVALIFOLIUS (Fawcett & Rendle) C. D, Adams, comb. nov.

Gilibertia ovalifolia Fawcett & Rendle in Journ. Bot. 64:
158. 1926. TYPE: Harris 9188, Lapland, near Catadupa,
St. James, Jamaica.

This new combination is the result of re-appraisal of the
value of the character of the articulation of the peduncle. When
given greater weight this feature relates D. elongatus Britton and
D. ovalifolius closely to D. pendulus (Swe) Decne. & Planch. The
mumber of flowers in an umbel is regarded as a feature greatly
affected by the age of the plant so that D. elongatus goes into
the synonymy of D. pendulus while D. ovalifolius can be separated
on the basis of leaf-shape.

DENDROPANAX NUTANS (Sw.) Decne. & Planch. var. OBTUSIFOLIA C. D.
Adems, var. NOve

Folia apice plerumque obtusa vel rotundata vel raro subacuta.

Type Collection: C. D. Adams 10693 (holotype UCWI; isotype
EM), Blue Mountain Peak, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica, elev.
feet, 18 February 1962; "Tree 20 feet with crooked thick twigs."

Although the type specimen of this variety was made from a
gnarled tree with clustered rather small leaves and short inflor-
escences, the fact that the obtuse-leafed variant occurs also in
company with var. mutans in several parts of the range suggests
that it is not merely an ecad of exposed situations. There is
some purpose in establishing a name for this variety, but in view
of the lack of knowledge of causes of variation in the genus and
the close affinities of most of the Jamaican species, it might be
misleading to cite paratype and other specimens.

FIMBRISTYLIS (CYPERACEAE)
FIMBRISTYLIS HARRISII (Britton) C. D. Adams, comb. nov.

Stenophyllus harrisii Britton, Torreya 20: 83. 1920.
TYPE: Harris 12890, Old Ingland Falls, Blue Mountains,
Portland, Jamaica.

This rare and local plant is characterized by its dense
tufted growth consisting mainly of numerous slender scapes subt-
ended by reduced leaves. Inflorescences are small of few spike-
lets and nearly alweys viviparovs. Besides the type locality, it
is knorn from exposed hillsides on serpentine in the area of Arn-
tully, St. Thomas parish (Adems 1222), EM, Mo, UCWI) in associat-
ion with a number of other very rare plants in Jamaica including

1971 Adams, Flowering plants of Jamaica 67

Rhynchospora lindeniana Griseb., Phoradendron anceps (Spreng. ) Krug
& Urb. and Polystichum tridens (Moore) Fee. There are many species
in common with Cuba and Hispaniola in this local flora and Fimbri-
stylis harrisii may not be different from Bulbostylis subefimbriata
Kikenth. Williem Harris collected further specimens of this species
from the type locality on 3 March 1919; some of the duplicates of
this gathering which were distributed to other herbaria were
numbered 12098; the specimen in herb, UCTI is numbered 12908 and
this is likely to be correct assuming chronological mumbering as

the type (12890) was collected on 4 September 1918.

LOBELIA (CAMPANULACEAE)
LOBELIA CALEDONIANA C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

L. assurgentis L. affinis sed foliorum marginibus proximalibus
integris distalibus crenatis, capsulis non mutantibus; aL. fawe-
ettii Urb. corolla pubescenti differt.

Frutex caule flexili usque ad 1.5m altus; latex copiosus
albus erubescens. Folia oblanceolata basi anguste cuneata integra-
que apice acuminata crenataque membranacea tenuiter pubescentia
usque ad 28 cm longa et 7.5 cm lata, distincte petiolata. Inflores-
centia subterminalis subscaposa unilateralis pubescens scapo 5-7 cm
longo pedicellis mumerosis ca. 18 mm longis rectis, bracteis linear-
ibus ca 1 cm longis, bracteolis linearibus ca. 5-7 mm longis.
Ovarium turbinatum 6-7 mm longum. Sepala linearia minute remoteque
dentata ca. 13 mm longa. Corolla initio curvata longe secedens
4—i.5 cm longa pallide viridis. Staminum filamenta et tubus ca, 28
mm longa albido-viridia, antherae inaequales curvatae barbatae 8-11
mm longae. Stylus staminibus longior. Capsula cyathiformis dia-
phragmate apicali dehiscenti ca. 7-9 mm lata. Semina pallida pyri-
formia 0.7-0.8 mm longa.

aye Collection: C,. D. Adams 12547 (holotype UCWI; isotypes
EM, GH), on limestone rocks in montane woodland, Mount Caledonia,

Na Parish, Jamaica, elev. 4600 feet, 19 May 1963 (plant in
flower).

Paratypes: C. D. Adams 11629 (UCWI unicate), type locality as
above, 5 September 1962 (plant in fruit); W. R. Anderson & D. C.
Sternbe (DUKE, UCWI), type locality as above, 26 July 1966

plant in fruit).

This new species falls close to L. assurgens L. from which it
differs in having the proximal margins of the leaves entire rather
than furnished with filiform appendages; the stem is not winged by
decurrent leaf-bases; the pedicels are not recurved in fruit. It
also resembles L. fawcettii Urb. but the corolle is pubescent.

68 Pay ? O-Erecrs Vol. 21, no. 2

PALICOUREA (RUBIACEAE)
PALICOUREA WILESII C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

P. pulchree Griseb. affinis sed corolla breviore pallidiore-
que et P. croceae (Sw.) Schult. sed foliis plerumqe glabris et
corolla longiore nunquam rubra vel aurantiaca.

Prutex 1,2-4 m vel arbor usque ad 5 m alta plerumqe glabra.
Folia late lanceolata basi cuneata apice acuminata extremm acuta,
8-22 cm longa, 3-725 cm lata nervis lateralibus utroque latere 8-14.
Petioli 1-2 cm longi. Stipulae subpersistentes in situ marcescentes
dentibus binatis distantibus subulato-lenceolatis 3-5 mm longis.
Inflorescentia minute puberula remis malvinis purpurascentibusve
raro flavidis; bracteae subulatae. Calycis tubus 1 m longus
segmenta deltata 0.4-0.5 mm longa. Corolla omnino 11-19 mm longa
lobis 2-3 mm longis alba malvina magenteave. Fructus laevis niger
5-6 mm longus latusque in sicco bilobatus.

Type Collection: J. Wiles (holotype EM).

Paratypes: Wm. Harris 5203 (BM, UCWI), Claverty Cottage
Portland Parish, Jamaica, Teter 1894; Wm. Harris 5180 (UCWI),
Whitfield Hall, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica, 2 June 1894; Wm. Harris
6312 (EM, UCWI}, Whitfield Hall, St. Thomas Parish, Jamaica, elev.
2000 feet, 20 May 1896; W. R. Maxon 8678 (BM), on rocky forest
slope, Flemstead, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1000-1100 m, 31
May 1926; G. L, Webster & K. A, Wilson 5139 (EM, IJ), John Crow Mts.
Portlend Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1000-1500 feet, 6 August 1954;

C. D. Adams 7475 (EM, DUKE, UCWI), in woodland, Greenwich Bridle
road, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, elev. 3700 feet, 6 July 1960; also

C. D. Adams 7486 (M, UCWI), 7910 (M, UCWL), 9383 (UCWI), 11926 (EM,
UcWwI), 1 se CUNT); M. Paste 32h, icery: Je K. New (UCWI);

G. R. Proctor 8076 (IJ), 23278 (IJ).

This species is rather common in submontane woodlands on shale
or limestone in eastern Jamaica. Palicourea pulchra Griseb., also
endemic, is its vicariant in central and western parishes. The
affinity of both these species is with the the widespread P. crocea
(Sw. ) Schult. from which they differ in having larger corollas never
orange or red. P. crocea is almost always quite markedly hairy in
Jamaica although towards the southern part of its range it becomes
glabrous; S. Moore in Fawcett & Rendle, Flora of Jamaica, Vol. 7
referred the plant now being described as P. wilesii to P. riparia
Benth. but that is generally regarded as representing the southerly
variants of P. crocea.

The collector, James Wiles, accompanied Capt. Bligh on his
second trip to the Pacific as a gardener. On returning to the West
Indies Wiles was charged with the duty of establishing the bread-
fruit plants first in St. Vincent and then in Jamaica which he did
successfully.

1971 Adams, Flowering plants of Jamaica 69

PSYCHOTRIA (RUBIACEAE)
PSYCHOTRIA DOMATTATA C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

P. corymbosae Sw. aliquantum simile sed foliis ellipticis basi
late cuneatis et corolla alba.

Frutex puberulus 2=2,.5 m altus vel arbor usque ad 6 m alta.
Folia obovato-elliptica vel elliptica basi late cuneata apice
breviter acuminata 4-17 cm longa 2-7 cm lata nervis lateralibus
utroque latere 7-11 subtus axillis caespitoso-pilosis pallidiora
nervo medio rubello. Petioli usque ad 3 cm longi. Stipulae sub-
persistentes in situ marcescentes dentibus binatis deltatis 2 m
longis. Inflorescentia puberula pedunculo viridi vel rubiginoso 2=
925 cm longo; bracteae bracteolaeque lanceolato-subulatae. Calycis
segmenta ovata 0.6 mm longa ciliata. Corollae tubus 3-4 mm longus
tomentosus eburneus. Fructus drupaceus atro-purpureus in sicco
bilobatus 5 mm longus et 6 m latus,

Type Collection: C. D. Adams 9375 (holotype UCWI, unicate),
in wet forest on limestone, Ecclesdown, Portland Parish, Jamaica,
elev. 1750 feet, 29 March 1961 (plant in flower).

Paratypes: H. A. Osmaston 5175 (HM, UCWI), in dense mossy
thicket, uppermost part of Big River, above Spring Valley Estate,

Portland Parish, Jamaica, elev. 3000 feet, 6 August 1967 (plant in

flower); also R, A, Howard, G. R. Proctor & Wm. T. Stearn 14757
and G. R. Proctor

This new species resembles Psychotria corymbosa Sw. but has
elliptical leaf-blades broadly cuneate at the base. Although the
inflorescence sometimes is tinged reddish, it does not have the
characteristic bright mauve or purple coloration of P. corymbosa
and the corolla is white.

PSYCHOTRIA PEDUNCULATA Sw. var. CAUDATA C. D, Adams, var. nov.

Folia apice caudato-acuminata. Inflorescentiae pedunculus
remi calyx corollaque pubescens.

e Collection: C. D. Adams 7296 (holotype UCWI; isotypes
EM, GH), Aenon Town to McKoy, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, elev.

2000 feet, 26 June 1960; "Tree 15 feet; corolla yellow except
inside of lobes white."

Paratypes: C. D. Adams 9454 (UCWI), Union Hill, Moneague, St.
Ann Parish, elev. 1400-1500 feet, 25 June 1961; "Small tree to 20
feet; corolla very pale yellow; flower-buds yellow."; H. A,
Osmaston 5017 (BM, UCWI), steep forested cockpit sides, Jericho-
Garlands road, Maroon Town, St. James Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1800
feet, 12 July 1967; "Understorey shrub 2 m high; corolla white."
M. duQuesnay 312 (UCWI), woodland margin, Aenon Town to McKoy,
Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, elev. 2000-2500 feet, 28 April 1970;
"Tree 15-20 feet; corolla white; buds pink-browm,"

This new variety differs from typical Psychotria pedunculata

70 PEY. TO LOG; Dak Vol. 21, no. 2

in having the whole inflorescence including the corollas pubescent;
the tips of the leaves have a rather,long acumen.

RANDIA (RUBIACEAE)

RANDIA ACULEATA L. var. JAMAICENSIS (Spreng.) C. D. Adams, comb. et
stat. nov.
Gardenia jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 1: 761. 182k,

Randia jamaicensis (Spreng. ) Krug & Urb. in Urb., Symb. Ant.
1s 42 ° 996

Randia aculeata in Jamaica is extremely variable in leaf=size,
hairiness and the presence of spines. This taxon accommodates
those variants which have the young vegetative parts and corollas
hairy; they do not seem to differ in any other way and thus do not
warrant more than varietal rank.

RHYNCHOSPORA (CYPERACEAE)
RHYNCHOSPORA MINUTIFLORA (Rich. ex Spreng.) C. D. Adems, comb. nove

Scleria minutiflora Rich. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3:
31. 1826.

Rhynchospora micrantha Vahl, Emm, Pl, 2: 231. 1805. nom.

illegit.

Vahl described Rhynchospora micrantha with Schoems rariflorus
Michx. in synonymy. Besides being nomenclaturally superfluous at
the time, R. micrantha Vahl refers to a distinct taxon next descr-
ibed by Richard as Scleria minutiflora. I am grateful toMr. J. E.
Dandy for pointing this out.

RONDELETIA (RUBIACEAE)
RONDELETIA BRACHYPHYLLA G. R. Proctor ex C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

R. hirtae Sw. affinis sed foliis minoribus sessilibus vel sub-
sessilibus basi cordatis differt.

Frutex ramis gracilibus hirtis usque ad 3 m altus vel arbor
parva. Folia late ovata basi cordata apice breviter acuminata
extremum acutissima 2-9 cm longa 1.5-4.5 cm lata; lemina adaxiale
nervo medio hirsuto excepto glabrescens abaxiale venis pilis appr
essis. Petioli 0-3(-4) mm longi. Stipulae deltato-acuminatae ca.
5 mm longae pilis appressis. Pedunculus usque ad 4 em longus;
pedicelli 0.5-—4 mm longi; bracteae subulatae. Calycis tubus
ovoideus 2 mm longus hirsutus segnenta lanceolato-subulata 4 m
longa termiter pilosa. Corollae tubus 12 m longus temiter pil-
osus coccineus vel viridis lobi orbiculares 4 mm longi distale
glabri fulvi. Stylus exsertus vel inclusus. Capsula bisulcata 5
mm longa 6 mm lata temiter pilosa.

Type Collection: C. D,. Adams 12139 (holotype UCWI; isotypes

1971 Adams, Flowering plants of Jamaica pak

EM, DUKE), on serpentine rocks, Amtully, St. Thomas Parish,
Jamaica, elev. 2900-3000 feet, 24 Jamary 1963 (plent in flower
and fruit).

Paratypes: C. D,. Adams 13236 (EM, UCWI), type locality as
os 16 July 1970 (plant in flower); also G. R. Proctor 23304
IJ).

This new species resembles Rondeletia hirta Sw. but is dist-
inguished by the leaves being smaller, sessile or subsessile and
cordate at the base. Like many of the Jamaican species of
Rondeletia, this plant has a strong temlency to develop crimson
coloration in the vegetative parts, especially on the petioles and
the undersurfaces of the leaves. The habit of branching is much
affected by the physical situation; in the open coppice regrowth
develops erect shoots with large leaves; in the shade the branches
are straggly and the leaves smaller with often relatively longer
petioles.

RYTIDOPHYLIUM (GESNERTACEAE)

RYTIDOPHYLIUM GRANDE (Sw.) Mart. ex G. Don var. LABVIGATUM C. D.
Adams, var. nov.

Folionm superficies laevigata.

Type Collection: C. D. Adams 6786 (holotype UCWI; isotype
EM), collected on open rocks, near Burnt Hill, Trelawny Parish,

Jemaica, elev. 1300 feet, 8 April 1960; "Shrubby to 8 feet; leaves
mostly distal, lemon-scented; buds sticky; corolla yellow.”

Paratype: M. duQuesnay 17 (UCWI), collected in thicket, south
of Ramgoat Cave, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1500 feet, 10
December 1968; "Slender tree 11 feet; leaves dark; stems reddish;
flowers lemon yellow."

This variety is distinguished from var. grande by the smooth
leaves and the usually somewhat less branched inflorescence, Other
specimens, e.g. G. R. Proctor 16645, R. A, Howard & G R. Proctor
U418 and R, A, Howard, G R. Proctor & Wm. T. Stearn 14656 in
herbaria BM, GH and IJ exist but are not available to the author at
this time; they originated from the same locality and also extend
the range into the parish of St. James.

SCAEVOLA KILAUEAE VAR. POWERSII Deg. & Dege

Otto & Isa Degener, Volcano, Hawaii

Degener Nose 21,762 and 21,763, collected at "Keauohana Forest
Reserve, near Pahoa, Hawaii. Among scrub; spreading 2 ft. high
bush. Febe 2, 1952.", comprised such a curious taxon “with robust
leaves," that the collector suspected it to be a new variety of
Scaevola kilaueae Deg. Yet fearing the specimens might, after all,
‘simply represent plants of the species SeSe, especially robust be-
cause growing under conditions of exceptional rainfall and rich
soil, he left the many sheets lying fallow for nearly twenty years
in the herbarium of the "Museum botanicum Berolinense" in Danleme

Interest in the above was revived when Dr. Howard A. Powers,
geologist stationed on the brink of Kilauea Crater, Island of Ha-
waii and a keen amateur botanist, drew the attention of the writers
to a curious naupaka he had discovered. A few twigs were collected
and labeled as follows: "Degener & Degener Noe 32,441. X Scaevola
kilaueae X 5. chamissoniana var. bracteosa Hillebre Old look out at
Pauahi Crater, Hawe Volc. Nat. Park, Hawaii. In scrub at 3,200
feet within 1 meter of S. k. (D. & D. 32,442) & 1 km. of S. ce bd.
on Puu Huluhulu. Discovered by Dr. Howard Powers. (Collected by
Degeners) July 22, 1970."

Because of the resemblance between Nos. 21,762, 21,763 and
32,441, we believe the former two plants represent not a simple
hybrid like probably No. 32,441, but rather a more or less con-
stant variety of early hybrid origin. We surmise a plant like Noe
32,441 with its limited gene pool, if isolated for a hundred gener-
ations or so by surrounding veneers of lava in a kipuka (lava
oasis), would de novo evolve into a taxon resembling the new var-
jiety described below:

SCAEVOLA KILAUEAE var. POWERSII Deg. & Deg. Frutex 7 dm. altus,
ramis ramulisque | divaricatus. Folia rigida coriacea, 50 - 85 mm.
longa, 12 - 20 mm. lata, margine 6 6 - 10 serrato-dentata. Corolla
flava. This variety, represented by the type De Deg. & Deg & Dege Noe

211: 21,763 mentioned above and returned to Berlin for deposit, is in-
termediate between S. chamissoniana var. bracteosa Hillebr., and Se
kilaueae Dege, with features of the latter predominating. For in-
stance, it is a shorter, more spreading shrub than the former taxone
Its leaf size is almost of the former, yet the texture is leathery,
with only midrib showing on both surfaces and ribs showing faintly
on lower surface. The few serrate-dentate teeth end almost columnar
as does the apex of the leaf itself. S. c. var. bracteosa, on the
contrary, has subcoriaceous leaves in which ribs and veins are
prominent on both surfaces, and the teeth are more numerous and

more extensively distributed. The inflorescence in length approach-
es that of the former; though the flowers are less in number, about
25 mme long, narrow-lobed, and dull yellowishe

72

NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE, XXXII

Lyman B. Smith

KEY TO GUZMANIA AND SIMULATORS

This revision follows the same plan as that of Tillandsia in
my Notes on Bromeliaceae, XXXI, in Phytologia 20: 121. 1970. It
completes preliminary revisions of the major genera of the Til-
landsioideae for my monograph, Vriesea having appeared in XXIII
in Phytologia 13: 84. 1966, and Catopsis in XXVII in Phytologia
16: 64. 1968. Mezobromelia and Glomeropitcairnia with 2 species
each are too small to need preliminary treatment, but there is 4
strong probability that good corolla material will show the
necessity of transferring species now in Guzmania to Mezobromelia

Several species of Tillandsia and Vriesea and both of Mezobro-
melia have the flowers polystichous or in more than 2 ranks and
can not be distinguished from Guzmania with certainty without
good corollas. They are included in this key on the same basis
as that of the simulators in the revision of Tillandsia.

Guzmania has groups of species that at first glance appear to
be distinct but there are too many intermediates to permit any
satisfactory division into subgenera.

1. Sepals exserted, not wholly covered by the floral or primary
bracts.
2. Sepals high-connate into a slenderly cylindric tube, the free
lobes often conspicuously dilated (Sodiroa).
3. Inflorescence very laxly compound. Peru..........G. dudleyi
3. Inflorescence simple, lax to dense.
4. Plants stemless.
5. Inflorescence elongate, lax. .
6. Leaf-blades ligulate...Colombia................G. sprucei
6. Leaf-blades graminiform. Costa Rica to Colombia.
G. dissitiflora
5. Inflorescence globose or subglobose, dense.
7. Leaf-blades ligulate, usually cross-lined. Panama,
Colombia. .ccccccccccvccccccccdcvcccccccccccceGe mussica

7. Leaf-blades graminiform, concolorous. Colombia, Peru.

G. globosa
4. Plants slenderly long-caulescent; leaf-blades graminiforn.
8. Leaf-sheaths nearly concolorous with the blades.

9. Sepals not more than 25 mm long; inflorescence 4+-8-

flowered. Colombia, Ecuador............G. graminifolia

9. Sepals 40-55 mm long; inflorescence 10-12-flowered.

Colombia. .cccscsccccccccccccccccccccccceeGs caricifolia
8. Leaf-sheaths dark castaneous.

10. Scape exceeding the leaves, less than 1 mm thick; scape-
bracts mostly shorter than the internodes; inflores-
cence slenderly ellipsoid and dense before anthesis,
becoming lax. Colombia..........-.. «-+--G. kalbreyeri

73

an PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

10. Scape shorter than the leaves, over 1 mm thick; scape- .
bracts always imbricate; inflorescence always dense.
11. Sepals acute; inflorescence 2- rarely 4-flowered.
Colombia, Ecuador.....sssseecseeeces exerci loin -G. pearcei
11. Sepals obtuse; inflorescence 4-6-flowered.

12. Upper scape-bracts with foliaceous blades exceeding
the base of the inflorescence; sepals about 4 cm
long with free lobes 15-20 mm long. Costa Rica,
COLOMD1A.. secre ecccnreeccccscnsccece G. obtusiloba

12. Upper scape-bracts ade short colored blades that do
not attain the inflorescence; sepals 7 cm long with
free lobes 35 mm long. Colombia.......G. sneidernii

2. Sepals not more than about 1/2 connate and then not forming a
slender tube.

13. Spikes lax, at least toward base; flowers and floral bracts
divergent to spreading at anthesis; flowers not
fasciculate.

14. Inflorescence 3-pinnate or more at least at base.
15. Sepals 17-40 mm long.
16. Floral bracts cucullate; sepals acute, to 18 mm long.
Lesser Antilles, Venezuela.......--+e++e++-G.- plumieri
16. Floral bracts nearly straight; sepals obtuse.
17. Sepals 35-40 mm long. FEcuador.......... G. ecuadorensis
17. Sepals 17-20 mm long. Colombia, Ecuador...... G. bakeri
15. Sepals 8-14 mm long.
18. Leaf-blades broadly or rounded, apiculate.
19. Pedicels slender, equaling or exceeding the floral

bracts. Colombia, Venezuela............. G. pennellii
19. Pedicels stout, shorter than the floral bracts.
Colombia..cccccccccccccccscccacccsccons G. candelabrum

18. Leaf-blades with an attenuate apex.
20. Inflorescence amply pyramidal, lax. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. diffusa
20. Inflorescence thyrsoid, dense. Costa Rica.
G. condensata
14. Inflorescence not more than bipinnate.
21. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular or graminiform, 7-15 mm
wide.
22. Inflorescence simple, lax at base only. Brazil.
V. (63) flammea
22. Inflorescence compound. Colombia.
23. Pedicels distinct, 6-8 mm long; sepals 16 m long.
G. delicatula
23. Pedicels obscure, the flowers subsessile; sepals 8-11

mm long.
2h. Leaves 20-25 cm long, the blades graminiform.
G. bicolor
2h. Leaves 13-16 cm long, the blades narrowly triangular.
G. gracilior

21. Leaf-blades linear to ligulate, acuminate to rounded and
apiculate, 20-110 m wide.
25. Sepals acute, 15-40 m long.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 75

.26. Leaf-blades broadly acute and apiculate; flowers mostly

secund.
27. Sepals 40 mm long; branch-axes shorter than the flowers.
Colombia. .ccccccccrcccccccccccscccccccccccs G. lehmanniana
27. Sepals 18 mm long; branch-axes much longer than the
flowers. Lesser Antilles, Venezuela.......... G. plumieri

26. Leaf-blades attenuate.
28. Branches several times longer than the lower primary bracts
or the inflorescence simple. Amazonian Brazil, Colombia,

VONOZUEIS ss isecidiccccccesessesccccesecceves G. brasiliensis
28. Branches not more than twice as long as the lower primary
bracts.

29. Spikes spreading to decurved.
30. Floral bracts lanceolate, acute; sepals 32 mm long.

Jamaica. eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eee eeeeeveaeeenee -G. faweettil
30. Floral bracts broadly elliptic; sepals 21 mm long.
Colombia (7)........ eS abbSe hh Bl SR G. straminea

29. Spikes suberect.
31. Leaf-blades plicate; sepals 17 mm long. Colombia.
G. stricta
31. Leaf-blades not plicate; sepals 24-30 mm long.
32. Spikes to 3 cm long, largely covered by the ample

primary bracts. Hispaniola............ «+++-G. ekmanii
32. Spikes to 8 cm long, almost fully exposed by the long
but very narrow primary bracts. Colombia...G. ens

25. Sepals narrowly subobtuse to broadly rounded.
33. Branches 2-4-flowered; sepals free, coriaceous, even. Costa
RICA. cccccccccccccccecs ccc ccc cccccccccccccces Vriesea spp.
Cee ehrithien* more inte 4-flowered or else the sepals more or
less connate or nerved or both.
34. Sterile base of at least the terminal branch bracteate or
the inflorescence simple.

35. Inflorescence compound with all the branches with long
sterile bracteate bases much exceeding the primary
bracts.

36. Sepals 16-18 mm long; sterile base of branch as long as
fertile part, 3-4-bracteate. Guiana, Peru, Bolivia.
G. roezlii
36. Sepals 10 m long; sterile base of branch much Bhorter
than fertile part, 1-2-bracteate. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. rhonhofiana

35. Inflorescence simple or compound with only the terminal
branch with long sterile bracteate base. Costa Rica to
Beusdor andvAmazerien Braziy eis. iiie ee UR cies G. patula

34. Sterile bases of all the branches naked end shorter than
the primary bracts.

37. Sepals not over 10 m long; spikes few-flowered.

38. Primary bracts exceeding the lower branches; sepals
nerved; spikes wholly lax. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. multiflora
38. Primary bracts much shorter than all the branches;
sepals nearly or quite even; spikes lax only at base.

76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

Venezuela, Peru...... ec cececccecccceccceeeGe Venamensis
37. Sepals 16-31 mm long.
39. Branches only 3 cm long, densely flowered except at base,
suberect; pedicels stout, 3-6 mm long. Hispaniola.
G. ekmanii
39. Branches 4-23 cm long.
40. Floral bracts orbicular with a triangular apiculus.
Venezuela... ccccccccccscccccccccces ----G. steyermarkii
40. Floral bracts with narrower base and broader apex.
4). Primary bracts all distinctly shorter than the branches
42, Sepals free to 3 mm connate, nerved.
43. Pedicels stout, 5-10 mm long; branches ascending, 13-
23 cm long. Costa Rica, Colombia..G. costaricensis
43. Pedicels slender, 3 mm long; branches spreading, 6 cm
long. Venezuela..........200- eoeeeeeee-G. nubigena
42, Sepals 5-10 mm connate, even or nearly so.
4), Sepals glabrous. Central America, Colombia, Ecuador.
G. scherzeriana
4h, Sepals densely lepidote. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. hitchcockiana
41. Primary bracts equaling or exceeding at least the lower
branches.
45. Sepals but slightly exceeding the floral bracts; pri-
mary bracts not contracted between base and apex.
Colombia, BCuador....ccccccccccceseccccces -G. bakeri
45. Sepals much exceeding the Pipral Seba: lower primary
bracts contracted from a broadly ovate base into a
long very narrowly triangular apex.
46. Sepals evenly coriaceous, broadly acute, 21 m long.
Septic 9) oars npaimranat aie apis sites tyne G. straminea
46. Sepals nerved with membranaceous crisped margins,
obtuse, 31 mm long. Colombia............G. radiata
13. Spikes dense throughout.
47. Floral bracts nearly or quite even or else irregularly
rugose when dry as if fleshy and even in life.
48. Floral bracts irregularly rugose when dry; sepals 19-25 m
long.
4Q, Leaf-blades broadly rounded and apiculate; lower primary
bracts suborbicular, apiculate. Ecuador....G. teuscheri
49. Leaf-blades acuminate; lower primary bracts long-acuminate
from a broadly ovate base.
50. Inflorescence wholly lax; floral bracts ovate, 15-20 mm
long. Venezuela... .ccsccccccccceccceccceeeGe VIrescens
50. Inflorescence dense at least toward apex; floral bracts
broadly elliptic, 10 mm long. Ecuador, Peru.
G. weberbaueri
48. Floral bracts not at all rugose.
51. Inflorescence densely digitate or subglobose, bipinnate.
52. Leaves and scape-bracts irregularly nodose-septate.
Kouador.....-..e6. sce c cere cc cceeccccccecceeeG. Septata
52. Leaves and scape-bracts even except for the nerves.

eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae , 77

53. Sepals acute; leaf-sheaths usually finely purple-striped..
Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia.............G. subcorymbosa
53. Sepals obtuse; leaf-sheaths not striped.

54. Floral bracts and sepals pale; sepals connate for 3 mm;
leaves usually with dark cross-bands. Amazonian
Colombia: and Brazil....cseeeecceeccecceceeee eG. Vvittata

54. Floral bracts and sepals dark; sepals about half-connate;
leaves concolorous except extreme base. Colombia.

G. confusa

51. Inflorescence elongate and lax at least at base, or simple.
55. Sepals 32 mm long.

56. Inflorescence compound. Venezuela.........G. hedychioides

56. Inflorescence simple. Mexico.......Vriesea AoE malzinei
55. Sepals 11-18 mm long.

57. Terminal branch with a long sterile bracteate base or the

inflorescence simple.

58. Scape-bracts imbricate. Panama...............G. filiorum

58. Scape-bracts shorter than the upper internodes at least.
Costa Rica to Ecuador and Amazonian Brazil....G. patula

57. Terminal branch with a short naked sterile base like the
lateral ones, inflorescence bipinnate.

59. Sepals 18 mm long; leaf-blades densely lepidote through-
Ute | BCUAdOL cc cceccccrcccecccssecceccccsicceGe Lepidota

59. Sepals 11-13 m long. Colombia, Venezuela.

G. sphaeroidea
47. Floral bracts strongly and regularly nerved.
60. Inflorescence simple; leaf-blades narrowly triangular.
61. Leaf-blades densely cinereous-lepidote on both sides.
Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.
Tillandsia ixioides
61. Leaf-blades much more densely and conspicuously lepidote
beneath. Brazil.........+-.-.-+.+++-Vrieses (63) flammea
60. Inflorescence compound or if rarely simple then the leaf-
blades ligulate.
62. Sepals 30-40 mm long.
63. Sepals acute, free. Lesser Antilles....... .G. megastachya
63. Sepals obtuse, ca 1/3 connate. Colombia.......G. andreana
62. Sepals 8-20 mm long.
64. Leaf-blades attenuate.
65. Sepals acute, barely exserted.
66. Branches 2-6 cm long, fusiform or ellipsoid; floral
bracts ovate. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador.
G. calamifolia
66. Branches 10 cm long, cylindric; floral bracts truncate.
Colombia... .cccccccccccccccccccccsesecesseseae Stricta
65. Sepals rounded; from 1/3 to over 1/2 exserted.
67. Sepals 8 mm long. Venezuela...............G. acorifolia
67. Sepals 16-18 mm long. Costa Rica, Panama.
68. Branches 2-3-flowered; floral bracts ecarinate.
G. donnellemithii
68. Branches 5-12-flowered; floral bracts carinate.
G. zahnii

78 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

64. Leaf-blades broadly acute or rounded, apiculate.
69. Inflorescence densely digitate.
70. Sepals broadly obtuse; primary bracts much exceeding the
lower spikes. Nicaragua to Panama.........G. compacta
70. Sepals acute; primary bracts about equaling the lower
spikes. Colombia.........+e++- eee ccccees G. goudotiana
69. Inflorescence elongate.
71. Floral bracts 15-20 mm long.
72. Floral bracts lepidote, very broadly elliptic, rounded.

VEMEZUCLE ss cie'ele cele tees o'ele ace e's ekanw ete eecceee eG. nubicola
72. Floral bracts glabrous, Spline taeeeb sees broadly
Bcwuve. ' COLOMDTAs sc’. cc 0 e'e'e ules ..-Mezobromelia bicolor

71. Floral bracts to 9 mm long; glabrous.
73. Spikes globose or thick-ovoid, 25-30 mm long.
Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador................-G. mitis
73. Spikes subcylindric. Colombia...........G. vanvolxemii
1. Sepals wholly covered by the floral bracts or sometimes by the
primary bracts or upper scape-bracts when the flowers are
fascicled.
74. Flowers spicate or racemose, not fasciculate.
75. Inflorescence compound.
76. Axis distinct; inflorescence pinnate.
77. Branches laxly flowered at least at base; floral bracts
nerved.
78. Sepals 8 m long; inflorescence tripinnate. Peru.

G. paniculata
78. Sepals 15-25 mm long; inflorescence rarely more than

bipinnate.
79. Leaf-blades very narrowly triangular, 10 m wide.
Heed... once aces Pe i Vriesea (61) corcovadensis

79. Leaf-blades ligulate, 35-90 mm wide.
80. Branches suberect or ascending; flowers suberect,
regularly polystichous; sepals acute.
81. Leaf-blade 90 mm wide, its apex thickened and pun-
gent; sepals narrowly lanceolate. Colombia.
G. Pungens
81. Leaf-blade 35-50 mm wide, its apex not notably
thickened; sepals obovate. Ecuador.
G. xanthobractea
80. Branches spreading; flowers becoming decurved-secund;
sepals obtuse.
82. Primary bracts about equaling the lower branches.
Colombia, Ecuador.....sseeseecsececeeeeeeG. bakeril
82. Primary bracts much shorter than all the branches.
HeuadOr. cceccccccccccee «eeee-.--Mezobromelia fulgens
77. Branches densely flowered throughout.
83. Sepals 30-35 mm long.
84. Primary bracts ample, covering much of each branch.
Lesser Antilles.......ssseeeeees ooee+-.G. megastachya
84. Primary bracts inconspicuous, covering very little of
each branch.
85. Floral bracts broadly elliptic, remaining extended.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 79

VeneZuela...csecccseccccccccsecsscscescseeeeeGse hedychioides
85. Floral bracts oblong-elliptic, each becoming convolute
about its axillary flower. Colombia........ G. amplectens
83. Sepals 12-24 mm long.
86. Floral bracts membranaceous, prominently nerved; leaf-blades
4) linear, long-attenuate, 5-25 mm wide.
87. Primary bracts lance-ovate, much exceeding the lower
spikes; spikes broadly ovoid. Costa Rica.
G. plicatifolia
87. Primary bracts broadly ovate, mostly equaling or shorter
than the lower spikes.
88. Inflorescence lax, spikes fusiform or elliptic. Panama to

BCUAGOL.. cece cccncecccssecccccccsccssscecs G. calamifolia
88. Inflorescence dense, spikes globose or stout-ellipsoid.
Colombia. .cccsccccececcccccccccsvcsccccceses G. goudotiana

86. Floral bracts firm, faintly nerved to even.
89. Sepals acute to acuminate.
90. Spikes slenderly fusiform, attenuate; leaf-blades 15 m
Wide. HCUaAdor...ccccccccccccccccccccceseceeGe Asplundii
90. Spikes broad, obtuse; leaf-blades 40-80 mm wide.
91. Floral bracts acute; spikes sessile, globose.
92. Inflorescence dense throughout; floral bracts nerved.
Colombia... ccccccccsccccevecccceecccceeeeGe densiflora
92. Inflorescence sublax except the extreme apex; floral
bracts even or slightly rugulose. Peru..G. xipholepis
Ql. Floral bracts obtuse to broadly rounded and apiculate;
spikes (at least the lower) distinctly stipitate,
longer than wide.
93. Leaves and primary bracts variegated; leaf-blades 50-80

mm wide.
94. Marking of fine dark green wavy cross-lines; inflores-
cence tripinnate at base. Peru........ «+-G. lindenii

94. Marking of fine red regular stripes; inflorescence
bipinnate. Peru, Bolivia...............G. killipiana

93. Leaves and primary bracts not variegated; leaf-blades
40-50 mm wide.

95. Floral bracts even except near apex. Colombia to

Suriname and Ecuador....--+sccescceecees G. pleiosticha
95. Floral bracts strongly and regularly nerved throughout.
NS a its al eee eveewneneenenee eecccceeeeGe tarapotina

89. Sepals obtuse to broadly rounded.
96. Scape-bracts much shorter than the upper internodes. Peru
G. brevispatha
96. Scape-bracts all imbricate.
97. Floral bracts strongly carinate toward apex; sepals 20-24
mm long. Costa Rica to Trinidad and Guiana.
Vriesea (184) splitgerberi
97. Floral bracts convex and ecarinate throughout.
98. Scape-bracts castaneous or striped.
99. Scape-bracts castaneous; spikes broadly ovoid, nearly
as wide as long. Colombia...........G. cuatrecasasii
99. Scape-bracts striped. Ecuador.

80 Pon Tee Gis Vol. 21, no. 2

100. Lateral spikes much shorter than the terminal.
G. striata
100. Lateral spikes about equal to the terminal.
G. aequatorialis
98. Scape-bracts green, concolorous.
101. Floral bracts to 27 mm long, densely punctulate-lepidote
inflorescence wholly lax. Venezuela.....G. ventricosa
101. Floral bracts to 15 mm long, soon glabrous; inflores-
cence dense toward apex. Costa Rica, Panama.
G. polycephala
76. Axis very short; inflorescence densely digitate.
102. Sepals 30 mm long; floral bracts recurving. Ecuador.
G. osyana
102. Sepals 12-26 mm long; floral bracts erect.
103. Primary and floral bracts uniformly deep red, drying dark
brown. Ecuador, Peru.....scesessccccccees G. morreniana
103. Primary and floral bracts paler, pae® or bicolorous.
104. Floral bracts acute.
105. Leaves septate; floral bracts coriaceous, even.

ECUBKOL. cece cece eee cers cccccscssccsecs -...G. septata
105. Leaves not septate; floral bracts nerved at least
toward apex.

106. Scape-bracts barely imbricate and exposing much of the
upper internodes; sepals 12-15 m long. Colombia.
G. goudotiana
106. Scape-bracts all densely imbricate and wholly conceal-
ing the scape; sepals 16-22 mm long. Panama,
Colombia....ccccccccccccccce eeeccccecee eG. glomerata
104. Floral bracts broadly rounded, obtuse or apiculate.
107. Primary bract inconspicuous, the 2 spikes cylindric,
18-27 cm long. Ecuador, Peru...... oes. bipartata
107. Primary bracts equaling or exceeding, the axillary
spikes; spikes 3-8 cm long.
108. Floral bracts coriaceous, even. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. acuminata
108. Floral bracts thin, nerved. Colombia......G. eduardii
75. Inflorescence simple.
109. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular or finely subulate,
regularly long-attenuate.
110. Floral bracts firm, coriaceous or subcoriaceous.
Tillandsia spp.
110. Floral bracts thin, membranaceous or papyraceous.
111. Leaf-scales asymmetric with large divergent to spreading
pasal Lobes... cccccccccccccccscccccccces Tillandsia spp.
111. Leaf-scales symmetric, appressed or the margin raised
slightly all around.
112. Sheaths inconspicuous; blades triangular or crescenti-
form in cross-section, 5-13 mm wide....Tillandsia spp.
112. Sheaths conspicuous, ample, abruptly contracted into the
flat blades.
113. Sepals lepidote, 25-35 mm long.......... Tillandsia spp.
113. Sepals glabrous.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 81

114. Leaf-sheaths dark castaneous, contrasting with the blades
Vriesea spp.
114. Leaf-sheaths concolorous with the blades.
115. Plant stemless or nearly 80; posterior sepals carinate.
Mexico, Central America........Tillandsia brachycaulos
115. Plant caulescent; sepals all convex and ecarinate.
Nicaragua to Ecuador......+.sseeeeeeeeeG. angustifolia
109. Leaf-blades linear or ligulate, acuminate to rounded and
retuse.
116. Floral bracts firm, coriaceous or subcoriaceous.
117. Sepals 20-35 mm long.
118. Inflorescence polystichous-flowered only at base, above
distichous-flowered. Cuba.
Vriesea (125h) platynema var. wrightii
118. Inflorescence polystichous-flowered throughout.
119. Floral bracts all acute. Ecuador, Peru......G. conifera
119. Floral bracts, or at least the upper ones, rounded.
120. Inflorescence globose or broadly ellipsoid; sepals
acute. VeneZuela....ssesceccececeeeeeeeeGe mucronata
120. Inflorescence cylindric; sepals obtuse.
121. Sepals dark castaneous, even, lustrous. Peru.

G. bipartita

121. Sepals stramineous, nerved. Colombia, Venezuela.
G. cylindrica
117. Sepals 11-16 m long.
122. Floral bracts brown, red, or castaneous at least basally.
123. Leaves retuse; floral bracts orbicular. Colombia,
Venezuela, Bolivia.....ccccccccccccccccceseeeGe FetuBa
123. Leaves not retuse; floral bracts narrower.
124. Floral bracts with a narrowly triangular strongly
nerved green apex. Colombia..........G. triangularis
124. Floral bracts uniform.
125. Floral bracts only slightly exceeding the sepals.
Costa Rica to Venezuela and Ecuador..G. coriostachya
125. Floral bracts about twice as long as the sepals.
Bouador, Peru..ceccccccccecccccceveceeeGe Gevansayana
122. Floral bracts wholly green or stramineous.
126. Scape-bracts shorter than the internodes; floral bracts
acute. Colombid......sccccccccccccccceeveeeGe pallida
126. Scape-bracts imbricate; at least the upper floral bracts
rounded and apiculate.
127. Leaf-blades rounded and apiculate, covered with pale
appressed scales; flowers about 3-ranked. Panama.
G. filiorum
127. Leaf-blades acuminate; flowers much more than 3-ranked.
128. Sheaths dark castaneous toward base; plant propagating
by short erect stolons. Ecuador.......G. fosteriana
128. Sheaths green with faint stripes; plant without
BtOlONB. Pervi.ccceecceccccccccceeeeeGe Strobilantha
116. Floral bracts thin, chartaceous or membranaceous.
129. Inflorescence fertile throughout.

82 PBX Onde Gok oh Vol. 21, no. 2

130. Floral bracts with divergent apices, to 45 mm long;
sepals to 27 mm long. Costa Rica.
Vriesea (105) heliconioides var. polysticha
130. Floral bracts wholly erect and imbricate.
131. Sepals acuminate; floral bracts dark-lepidote. Colombia
tO BOLivia...sccccceccccseccccccsseceeesGe C&lOthYrsuUB
131. Sepals broadly rounded; floral bracts not dark-lepidote.

132. Sepals 15 mm long. Colombia to Bolivia and Amazonian
BYAZ11. ccccccccccccccecccccscccceee eoeeeeG. melinonis

132. Sepals 20-25 mm long.

133. Upper floral bracts acute or narrowly obtuse. Ecuador
G. bracteosa
133. Upper floral bracts broadly rounded.
134. Sepals coriaceous, dark castaneous; lower floral
bracts obtuse; leaf-blades subglabrous. Panama,
Greater Antilles.........sseeeeeeee-G. erythrolepis
134. Sepals membranaceous; lower floral bracts broadly
acute; leaf-blades densely pale-lepidote beneath.
Mexico, Central America............G. nicaraguensis
129. Inflorescence sterile toward apex.
135. Leaf-blades broadly rounded and apiculate.
136. Sepals 25 mm long, subcoriaceous. Ecuador..G. fusispica
136. Sepals 12 mm long; membranaceous. Peru.....G. apiculata
135. Leaf-blades acute or acuminate.
137. Sepals firm, coriaceous or subcoriaceous.

138. Bracts of the inflorescence dimorphic, the apical uni-
formly red, the others pale with dark stripes; sepals
to 18 mm long. Southern Florida, West Indies and
Nicaragua to northern Brazil and Peru..G. monostachia

138. Bracts of the inflorescence all alike.

139. Sepals 22 mm long; flowers to 60 m long, exceeding
the floral bracts. Panama, Republica Dominicana,
Puerto Ricd...ceccececcecsccoecceeeeG. berteroniana
139. Sepals 12 mm long; flowers 22 mm long, not exceeding
the floral bracts. Ecuador......G. fuerstenbergiana
137. Sepals thin, membranaceous or chartaceous.
140. Leaf-blades densely pale-lepidote beneath. Venezuela.
G. membranacea

140. Leaf-blades subglabrous or obscurely lepidote.

141. Flowers about 3-ranked, barely imbricate. Costa Rica.

G. stenostachya
141. Flowers about 6-ranked, densely imbricate. Ecuador.

G. remyi
74. Flowers fasciculate.
142. Inflorescence compound, the flowers deep in the axils of
the large primary bracts.
143. Sepals 40-60 mm long.
144. Fascicles many-flowered. Lesser Antilles..G. megastachya
144, Fascicles few-flowered.
145. Floral bracts ovate, acute, 50-60 mm long; petals violet
BCUAGOL. ccc cccceccccccccccccccccccccceseeGe pOOrtmanii

SOC STSHTESHEHHTEHEHEHEEHHEHEHHHEHEHEEHEHEHTHEHEEHHESHEHEHEHEHEEEHE HEHEHE EHEHHEHHEEHE HEHE

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 83

145. Floral bracts oblong with membranous dilated apices,
60-80 mm long; petals white. Colombia, Ecuador.
G. wittmackii
143. Sepals 8-33 m long.
146. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular or subtriangular, long-
attenuate; sepals 8-18 mm long.
147. Flowering shoot 20 cm high; leaf-blades 16 mm wide, soon
glabrous above; plant caulescent. Colombia.
G. kraenzliniana
147. Flowering shoot 35-55 cm high; leaf-blades conspicuously
cinereous-lepidote above.

148. Sepals from slightly to half exserted above the lanceo-
late floral bracts; leaf-blades densely lepidote on
both sides. Colombia, Ecuador.............G. mosquerae

148. Sepals more than half exserted above the suborbicular
floral bracts; leaf-blades soon glabrous beneath.
Colombia, Venezuela... .cscccccccsccccccccces G. confinis

146. Leaf-blades ligulate.

149. Flowers not more than 2 in each axillary fascicle; sepals
coriaceous, ecarinate......ssseeeeeeeeeeeee+Vriebea BDpp.

149. Flowers more than 2 in at least the lower axillary
fascicles.

150. Sepals coriaceous, even or at most marginally or apically
nerved.

151. Fascicles 10-15-flowered.
152. Pedicels slender, 12-15 mm long. Lesser Antilles.

G. dussii
152. Pedicels short and stout. Greater Antilles to . Colombia
Trinidad and Peru.......... Vriesea (186) capituligera

151. Fascicles few-flowered.
153. Sepals broadly elliptic to suborbicular....Vriesea spp.
153. Sepals lanceolate, their apical third subchartaceous.
Colombia..... occ ccc cccccccccccccccccccece G. verecunda
150. Sepals uniformly thin and nerved.
154. Primary bracts conspicuously lepidote on at least one
side.
155. Lower primary bracts overtopping the center of the in-
Plorescence; scape-bracts white-lepidote on both
sides; sepals 18-20 mm long. Colombia to Guyana and

PeTU. ccccccccccccccccccccccccccscccccsece G. squarrosa
155. Lower primary bracts well exceeded by the center of the
inflorescence.

156. Inflorescence subglobose; fascicles 2-5-flowered;
sepals 20 m long. Colombia............G. palustris

156. Inflorescence elongate; fascicles about 10-flowered.

157. Flowers subsessile; sepals 23 m long. Venezuela to

ECuadoOr..csccccccccccccccccccses eeeeeceeeeG. lychnis
157. Flowers slenderly pedicellate; sepals 33 mm long.
COLOMD1IA.. .ccccccccccccccccccecccccesecs G. danielii

154. Primary bracts glabrous or obscurely lepidote.
158. Sepals 22-30 mm long, free or nearly 80; fascicles
many-flowered.

8h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

159. Inflorescence dense; primary bracts suberect.
Colombia, ECuador....csecceccccccecceeeeeGe Gloriosa
159. Inflorescence lax; primary bracts spreading. Ecuador,
PerUceccccccccccccccccsccescccccccsccccseGe Variegata
158. Sepals 12-14 mm long, high-connate; fascicles few-
flowered. Colombia.
160. Sepal-blades acute; inflorescence sublax; leaf-blades
15 MM W1Ide....ccccccccccccccccsccccceeGe lLongipetala
160. Sepal-blades suborbicular; inflorescence dense; leaf-
blades 20-35 mm wide........cccceesee G. sibundoyorum
142. Inflorescence simple, its outer bracts forming a cyathiform
involucre 6 cm or longer that exceeds and conceals the
large flowers.
161. Seape evident; flowers not over 45 mm long; sepals free.
British Honduras and West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil.

G. lingulata

161. Scape lacking; flowers to 70 mm long; sepals connate for 4
m. Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago,
And ECuaAdOr....ccecccecccccccscceccccecceeseeGe SAnguineR

GUZMANTA
Relative to Mez in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. Fam. 32. 1935.
(Synonymy in separate list following)

ACORIFOLIA (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 631.

ACUMINATA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 359. 1953.

AEQUATORIALIS L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 435. 1959.

AMPLECTENS L. B. Smith, Contin. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 292. 1949.

ANDREANA (E. Morr.) Mez; Pflr. 626.

ANGUSTIFOLIA (Baker) Wittm.; Pflr. 611.

Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA. Floral bracts dark red, sometimes with
dark apices.

Var. NIVEA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 5: 178. 1955. Floral
bracts pure white.

APICULATA L. B. Smith; Pflr. 612.

ASPLUNDII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 436. 1959.

BAKERI (Wittm.) Mez; Pelr. 625.

BERTERONIANA (Schult. f.) Mez; Pflr. 611.

BICOLOR L. B. Smith, Phytologia 13: 457. 1966.

BIPARTITA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 437. 1959.

BRACTEOSA (André) André ex Mez; Pflr. 614.

BRASILIENSIS Ule; Pflr. 633.

BREVISPATHA Mez; Pflr. 622.

CALAMIFOLIA Andre ex Mez; Pflr. 622.

CALOTHYRSUS Mez; Pflr. 615. No parenthetical authority
because Beer's name is invalid.

CANDELABRUM pining) André ex Mez; Pflr. 625.

CARICIFOLIA (Andre ex Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb.
104: 74. 1934.

COMPACTA Mez; Pflr. 632,

CONDENSATA Mez & Wercklé; Pflr. 635.

CONFINIS L. B. Smith, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 143. 1951.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 85

CONFUSA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AG. vittata Mart. ex Schult. .
fs) Mez, cui affinis, bracteis florigeris sepalisque atris, sepa-
lis circa medio connatis, foliis basi ima excepta concoloribus
differt.

PLANT stemless, to nearly 6 dm high. LEAVES over 10 in a fun-
nelform rosette, straight, 5 dm long, castaneous at extreme base,
otherwise green and concolorous; sheaths broad, 8-10 cm long;
blades ligulate, acuminate, 3 cm wide. SCAPE erect, slender;
scape-bracts tightly imbricate, the lower foliaceous, the upper
lanceolate, acuminate. INFLORESCENCE densely digitate from a few
spikes; primary bracts triangular-ovate, attenuate, shorter than
the spikes; spikes sessile, broadly ellipsoid, dense, 3 cm long.
FLORAL BRACTS suborbicular, shorter than the sepals, coriaceous,
even, dark castaneous, obscurely punctulate; flowers subsessile.
SEPALS elliptic, obtuse, 11 mm long, like the floral bracts,
about half connate, the posterior carinate. Pl. I, fig. 1: In-
florescence; fig. 2: Sepals.

COLOMBIA: VALLE: Cordillera Occidental, western slope: woods,
left bank of Rfo Sanquininf, fe Care 1250-1400 m alt, 10-20
December 1943, Cuatrecasas 15496 (VALLE, type; US, photo).

CONIFERA (Andre) Andre ex Mez; Pflr. 615.

CORIOSTACHYA (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 618.

COSTARICENSIS Mez & Werckle! Pflr. 635.

CUATRECASASII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A G. aequatoriale L. B.
Smith, cui affinis, scapi bracteis supremis apice excepto atro-
castaneis, sepalis subliberis, apice obtuse cuspidatis differt.

PLANT known from only the upper scape and fruiting inflores-
cence. LEAVES presumably with Ligulate blades judging from the
form of the scape-bracts. SCAPE straight, ca 6 m in diameter;
scape-bracts densely and tightly imbricate, broadly ovate, dark
castaneous except for the short pale apex. INFLORESCENCE densely
bipinnate, subglobose, 8 cm long; primary bracts like the upper
scape-bracts, slightly shorter than the axillary branches; spikes
broadly ellipsoid, 3 cm long, strobilate. FLORAL BRACTS broadly
ovate, obtusely cuspidate, slightly shorter than the sepals in
fruit, coriaceous, even, dark castaneous; flowers subsessile.
SEPALS broadly elliptic, 15 mm long, coriaceous, obtusely
cuspidate, subfree, dark castaneous. Pl. I, fig. 3: Inflores-
cence; fig. 4: Floral bract and sepals.

COLOMBIA: CAQUETE : open forest, Cajon de Pulido, gorge of the
Rfo Hacha, eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental, 1700 m alt,
26 March. 1940, Cuatrecasas 8762 (F, type; US, photo).

CYLINDRICA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 5: 282. 1955.

DANIELII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 360. 1953.

DELICATULA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 433. 1959.

DENSIFLORA Mez; Pflr. 622.

‘DEVANSAYANA E. Morr.: Pflr. 615.

DIFFUSA L. B. Smith, Caldasia 5: 2. 1948.

eeciarhoncd (André) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 74.
1934.

DONNELLSMITHII Mez ex Donnell Smith; Pflr. 631.

DUDLEYI L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AG. sprucei (André) L. B.

86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

Smith atque G. dissitiflora (Andre) L. B. Smith, cuibus affinis,
inflorescentia ramosa, sepalis bracteas florigeras valde superan-
tibus, pedicellis conspicuis differt.

PLANT evidently stemless, flowering to 2m high. LEAVES
spreading, 8 dm long, obscurely lepidote throughout; sheaths el-
liptic, 2 dm long; blades ligulate, acute and apiculate, flat, 65
mm wide, dark green above, red-purple beneath. SCAPE erect, gla-
brous; scape-bracts erect, the lower subfoliaceous and imbricate,
the upper ovate, acuminate, shorter than the internodes. INFLO-
RESCENCE very laxly bipinnate, glabrous; axes red; primary bracts
like the upper scape-bracts, shorter than the long sterile bases
of the branches; racemes spreading, laxly few-flowered. FLORAL
BRACTS obovate, about equaling the pedicels, yellow; pedicels
slender, to 13 mm long. SEPALS 35 mm long, more than 2/3 connate
in a slender tube, the blades broadly obovate, 9 mm long; petals
alwaye (7) included. Pl. I, fig. 5: Lateral raceme; fig. 6
Calyx laid open.

PERU: HUANUCO: common terrestrial plant at Camp 3 (Laguna),
in dense cloud forest, southwestern slope of the Rfo LlullaPichis
watershed, on the nenenE of Cerro as Rye g° 26' Ss, TH° 45' Ww
1290 m alt, 22 July 1969, Pulley 1 6 (US, type; NA, isotype);
17 July 1969, Wolfe in Dudley 123 3 US, NA).

DUSSII Mez; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sei. 43: 402. 1953

ECUADORENSIS Gilmartin, Phytologia 16: 166. 1968.

EDUARDII André ex Mez; Pflr. 632.

EKMANII (Harms) Harms ex Mez; Pflr. 626.

ERYTHROLEPIS Brongn. ex Planch.; Pflir. 614.

FAWCETTII Mez; Pflr. 636.

FILIORUM L. B. Smith, Phytologia 19: 284. 1970.

FOSTERIANA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 7: 107. 1960.

FUERSTENBERGIANA (Kirchh. & Wittm.) Wittm.; Pflr. 613.

FUSISPICA Mez & Sodiro; Pflr. 612.

GLOBOSA L. B. Smith, Phytologia h: 362. 1953.

GLOMERATA Mez & Werek1é; Pflr. 623.

GLORIOSA (Andre) André ex Mez; Sm. & Pitt. Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sei. 43: 402. 1953.

GOUDOTIANA Mez; Pflr. 630.

GRACILIOR (André) Mez; Pflr. 627.

GRAMINIFOLIA (Andre ex Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb.
104: 74. 1934.

HEDYCHIOIDES L. B. Smith, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 5: 69. 1955.

HITCHCOCKIANA L. B. Smith, Proc. Am. Acad. (Contr. Gray Herb.
106:) 70: 148. 1935.

eee (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 74.
1934.

KILLIPIANA L. B. Smith; Pflr. 624.

KRAENZLINIANA Wittm.; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 43:
402. 1953.

Var. KRAENZLINIANA. Sepals 8 mm long; petals 19 m long.

Var. MACRANTHA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 5: 397. 1956. Sepals
18 mm long; petals over 60 mm long.

LEHMANNIANA (Wittm.) Mez; Pflr. 625.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 87

LEPIDOTA (André) André ex Mez; Pflr. 630.

LINDENII (André) Mez; Pflr. 623.

LINGULATA (L.) Mez; Pflr. 608.

Var. LINGULATA. Plants large. Leaves concolorous; blades
more than 25 mm wide. Inflorescence with outer bracts erect, red
or pink. Floral bracts strongly cucullate; flowers numerous.

Var. SPLENDENS (Planch.) Mez; Pflr. 609. Plants large.

Leaves marked with deep purple longitudinal stripes; blades more
than 25 mm wide. Inflorescence with outer bracts erect, red or
pink. Floral bracts strongly cucullate ; flowers humerous;

Var. CARDINALIS (André) André ex Mez, DC. Mon. Phan. 9: 900.
1896. Leaf-blades 30-40 mm wide. In? ebese@ne’ with outer
bracts spreading, bright scarlet. Floral bracts strongly cucul-
late; flowers numerous.

Var. MINOR (Mez) Sm. & Pitt., Phytologia 7: 105. 1960. Plants
small. Leaf-blades usually not over 25 mm wide, concolorous with
the sheaths. Inflorescence with outer bracts erect, red. Floral
bracts weakly cucullate; flowers few.

Var. FLAMMEA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 7: 105.
1960. Leaves 24-34 cm long, exceeding the inflorescence; sheaths
castaneous; blades 10-17 mm wide. Inflorescence with outer
bracts erect, bright scarlet. Floral bracts weakly cucullate.

LONGIPETALA (Baker) Mez; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
43: 402. 1953.

LYCHNIS L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 363. 1953.

MEGASTACHYA (Baker). Mez; Pflr. 620.

MELINONIS Regel; Pflr. 614.

MEMBRANACEA L. B. Smith & Steyermark, Acta Bot. Venez. nos. 5,
6, 7 & 8: 380. 1968.

MITIS L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 31. 1932.

MONOSTACHIA (L.) Rusby ex Mez; Pflr. 612.

Var. MONOSTACHIA. Leaf-blades concolorous. Fertile floral
bracts pale with dark brown longitudinal stripes.

Var. VARIEGATA hort. ex Nash in L. H. Bailey, Standard Cyclop.
Hortic. 2: 1419. 1935, nomen illeg.; Foster, Bromel. Soc. Bull.
3: 30. 1953. Leaf-blades longitudinally green- and white-striped
Bracts as in the typical variety.

Var. ALBA Ariza-Julia, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 9: 38. 1959. Leaves
concolorous. Floral bracts wholly green, the upper sterile ones
pure white.

MORRENIANA (Linden Hortus) Mez; Pflr. 623.

MOSQUERAE (Wittm.) Mez; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
43: 402. 1953.

MUCRONATA (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 616.

MULTIFLORA (Andre) André ex Mez; Pflr. 628.

MUSAICA (Linden & Andre) Mez; Pflr. 607.

Var. MUSAICA. Leaves marked with fine dark irregular trans-
verse lines.

Var. ZEBRINA Cutak, Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. 38: 77, 78. 1950.
Leaves marked with broad solid bands of color.

Var. CONCOLOR L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 293.
1949. Leaves concolorous.

88

43:

Pon Y- TeOvL.O'G, Tra Vol. 21, no. 2

NICARAGUENSIS Mez & C. F. Baker; Pflr. 614.

NUBICOLA L. B. Smith, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 316. 1957.
NUBIGENA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 355. 1953.

OBTUSILOBA L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 74. 1934.
OSYANA (E. Morr.) Mez; Pflr. 618.

PALLIDA L. B. Smith; Pflr. 617.

PALUSTRIS (Wittm.) Mez; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
403. 1953.

PANICULATA Mez; Pflr. 633.

PATULA Mez & Werckle; Pflr. 628.

PEARCEI (Baker) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 74. 1934.
PENNELLII L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 30. 1932.
PLEIOSTICHA (Griseb. ) Mez; Pflr. 621.

PLICATIFOLIA L. B. Smith; Pflr. 622.

PLUMIERI (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 635.

POLYCEPHALA Mez & Wercklé; Prir. 621.

POORTMANII (André) Andre ex Mez; Sm. & Pitt., Journ. Wash.

Acad. Sci. 43: 403. 1953.

PUNGENS L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 293. 1949.
RADIATA L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 294. 19h9.
REMYI L. B. Smith, Phytologia 19: 285. 1970.

RETUSA L. B. Smith, Fieldiana Bot. 28, no. 1: 143. 1951.
RHONHOFIANA Harms, Notizblatt 14: 329. 1939.

ROEZLII (E. Morr. j Mez; Pflr. 633.

SANGUINEA (Andre) Andreex Mez; Pflr. 609.

Var. SANGUINEA. Leaves to 4 dm long; blades to 55 mm wide.

Floral bracts rounded and apiculate, flat. Petal-blades white.

Var. BREVIPEDICELLATA Gilmartin, Phytologia 16: 164. 1968.

Leaves mostly not over 20 cm long; blades to 25 mm wide. Floral
bracts acute, to 22 mm long, subcucullate; pedicels short.

43:

SCHERZERIANA Mez; Pflir. 635.

SEPTATA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 437. 1959.
SIBUNDOYORUM L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 364. 1953.
SNEIDERNII L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 9. 1937.
SPHAEROLDEA (André ) Andre ex Mez; Pflr. 630.

SPRUCEI (Andre) L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 104: 75. 1934.
SQUARROSA (Mez & Sodiro) Sn. & Pitt., Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
403. 1953.

STENOSTACHYA L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 9. 1937.
STEYERMARKII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 7: 419. 1961.
STRAMINEA (K. Koch) Mez; Pflr. 626.

STRIATA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 438. 1959.

STRICTA L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 297. 1949.
STROBILANTHA (R. & P. ) Mez; Pflr. 616.

SUBCORYMBOSA L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 10. 1937.
TARAPOTINA Ule; Pflr. 625,

TEUSCHERI L. B. Smith, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 9: 86. 1960.
TRIANGULARIS L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 364. 1953.
VANVOLXEMII (André) Andre ‘ex Mez; Pflr. 628.

VARIEGATA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 7: 108. 1960.

VENAMENSIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AG. miltiflora (André)

Andre ex Mez , cul affinis, bracteis primariis quam ramis multo

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 89

brevioribus, spicis base solum laxis, sepalis laevibus vel
sublaevibus differt.

PLANT stemless, flowering to 9 dm high. LEAVES numerous, 5-6
dm long, sparsely and finely lepidote; sheaths elliptic, large,
castaneous toward base; blades ligulate, broadly acute and apicu-
late, flat, ca 25 m wide, concolorous. SCAPE erect, slender,
red-violet, sparsely pale-lepidote, soon glabrous; scape-bracts
erect, the lower subfoliaceous and imbricate, the upper ovate,
acuminate, mostly shorter than the internodes. INFLORESCENCE bi-
pinnate, lax, 8-17 cm long, sparsely pale-lepidote; primary
bracts like the upper scape-bracts, all much shorter than the
axillary branches but exceeding their naked sterile bases; spikes
spreading, ovoid or ellipsoid, 25-40 m long, dense except at
base. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate, obtuse, much shorter than the
sepals, nearly or quite even; flowers subsessile. SEPALS free or
nearly 60, elliptic, obtuse, to 10 m long, the posterior cari-
nate; petals greenish-yellow, the blades spreading, elliptic, 6
mm long, barely exceeding the stamens. Pl. I, fig. 7: Inflores-
cence; fig. 8: Floral bract and flower.

VENEZUELA: BOLfVAR: mossy dwarf mountain forest, crest of
sandstone cliff, southwestern Cerro Venamo near Guyana line,
1400-1450 m alt, 1 January 1964, Steyermark & Dunsterville 92522
(US, type; VEN, isotype); forested slopes of Cerro Venamo, south-
east of km 125, 1200 m alt, 14 April 1960, Steyermark & Nilsson
108 (US, VEN); rainforest, km 134, El Dorado to La Gran Sabana,
1200 m alt, 19 February 1968, Bunting 2977 (US).

PERU: CUZCO: Convencion: epiphyte, dense cloud forest near
Camp 2, ca 10 km walking distance northeast of Hacienda Luisiana
and Rfo Apurimac, 1460 m alt, 28 June 1968, Dudley 10561 (NA).

VENTRICOSA (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 620.

VERECUNDA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 366. 1953.

VIRESCENS (Hook.) Mez; Pflr. 630.

VITTATA (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Mez; Pflr. 632.

WEBERBAUERI Mez; Pflr. 628.

WITIMACKII (André) Andre ex Mez; Sm. & Pitt. Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 43: 403. 1953.

XANTHOBRACTEA Gilmartin, Phytologia 16: 165. 1968.

XIPHOLEPIS L. B. Smith, Phytologia 9: 248. 1963.

ZAHNII (Hook. f.) Mez; Pflr. 629.

SYNONYMS AND EXCLUDED NAMES

altsonii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 89: 7. 1930 - PLEIO-
STICHA.

balanophora Mez; Pflr. 414 - VRIESEA B.

beleana (Andre) Andre; Pflr. 631 - VIRESCENS.

brachycephala (Baker) Mez; Pflr. 611 - STROBILANTHA.

capitulata Mez & Werckle; Pflr. 632 - COMPACTA.

capituligera (Griseb.) Mez; Pflr. 619 - VIRESEA C.

cardinalis (Andre) Mez; Pflr. 609 - LINGULATA ver. C.

columnaris Mez & Sodiro; Pflr. 619 - GLORIOSA.

cornuaultii (Andre) Andre ex Mez; Pflr. 423 - TILLANDSIA

90 Pb PT OrkeO :G, Tid Vol. 21, no. 2

TURNERI var. TURNERI.

Ss Mez & Werckle; Pflr. 610 - SANGUINEA.

cryptantha L. B. Smith, Caldasia [1], No. 5: 6. 1942 -

SQUARROSA.

Var. pauciflora L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 214. 1953 - SQUAR-
ROSA sens lat.

dielsii Harms, Notizblatt 12: 538. 1935 - WEBERBAUERI.

drewii L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 526. 1954 -
BAKERT.

elongata Mez & Sodiro; Pflr. 627 - BAKERI.

geniculata L. B. Smith, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42: 282. 1952
- SPHAEROIDEA.

guatemalensis L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 8. 1937 -
SCHERZERTANA.

harrisii Mez; Pflr. 619 - VRIESEA CAPITULIGERA.

herthae Harms, Notizblatt 14: 329. 1939 - SCHERZERIANA.

laxa Mez & Sodiro; Pflr. 617 - MONOSTACHIA.

michelii Mez; Pflr. 618 - CORIOSTACHYA.

minor Mez; Pflr. 610 - LINGULATA var. MINOR.

nigrescens (André) Mez; Pflr. 617 - CORIOSTACHYA.

parviflora Ule; Pflr. 617 - STROBILANTHA.

platysepala Mez & C. F. Baker; Pflr. 613 - MONOSTACHIA var.
MONOSTACHTIA.

rosea L. B. Smith; Pflr. 614 - SPRUCEL.

sanguinea var. erecta (André) Mez; Pflr. 610 - unidentifiable,

but certainly not in this species.

Sodiroana Mez; Pflr. 620 - VIRESEA CAPITULIGERA.

Splitgerberi Mez; Pflr. 621 - VRIESEA SPLITGERBERI.

strobilifera Mez & Werckle; Pflr. 618 - CORIOSTACHYA.

superba Suesseng., Bot. Jahrb. 72: 290. 1942 - SCHERZERIANA.

wrightii L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 11. 1937 -
VRIESEA PLATYNEMA var. WRIGHTII.

Sodiroa - GUZMANIA

andreana Wittm.; Pflr. 600 - GUZMANIA OBTUSILOBA L. B. Smith,
Contr. Gray Herb. 10h: TH. 1934.

cearicifolia André ; Pflr. 602 - GUZMANIA CARICIFOLIA.

dissitiflora Andre ; Pfir. 602 - GUZMANIA DISSITIFLORA.

graminiflora André; Pflr. 600 - GUZMANIA GRAMINIFOLIA.

kalbreyeri Baker; Pflr. 602 = GUZMANIA KALBREYERI.

pearcei Baker; Pflr. 600 = GUZMANIA PEARCEI.

sprucei Andre, Pflr. 602 - GUZMANIA SPRUCEI.

trianae Mez; Pflr. 602 - GUZMANIA GRAMINIFOLIA.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES

DYCKIA HEBDINGII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A D. maritima Baker,
cui affinis, foliorum laminis utrinque dense lepidotis, stamini-
bus inclusis, seminis ala apice acuta differt.

PLANT flowering over 1 m high. LEAVES numerous in a dense
spreading rosette, ca 15 cm long; blades narrowly triangular,

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 91

over 15 mm wide at base, covered with appressed cinereous scales
on both sides, subdensely serrate with spreading slender spines.
SCAPE erect, slender, about 3 times as long as the leaves; scape-
bracts exceeding the internodes but divergent, very narrowly tri-
angular and wholly exposing the scape, serrulate, red. INFLORES-
CENCE laxly subtripinnate with branches to 30 cm long, densely
cinereous-lepidote; primary bracts inconspicuous; spikes many-
flowered, subdense to lax. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate, apicu-
late, 5 mm long, much exceeded by the sepals; flowers short-
pedicellate, suberect to spreading and sometimes slightly secund.
SEPALS ovate, broadly subacute, 4.5 mm long; petals spatulate,
obtuse, 7 mm long, yellow; stamens included, free above the 1 m
tube with the petals; style slender, elongate. Capsule 8 mm
long; seed with a narrow apically pointed wing. Pl. II, fig. 1:
Habit; fig. 2: Leaf; fig. 3: Branchlet; fig. 4: Flower; fig. 5:
Sepal; fig. 6: Petal and stamens; fig. 7: Seed.

BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE DO SUL: on rocks, Munic {pio Guayoro, Pérto
Alegre, Croizat seed no. 22.495, cultivated and flowered in Jar-
din Botanique "Les Cédres", September 1970, Hebding in Hortus

, > — ————
Marnier-Lapostolle s n (US, type).

PITCAIRNIA BIFARIA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ab omnibus speciebus
foliis bifariis petiolatis integerrimis, inflorescentia simpli-
cissima, bracteis florigeris superioribus quam pedicellis brevio-
ribus, sepalis obtusis, ovulis alatis differt.

PLANT short-caulescent, flowering 4 dm high. LEAVES uniform,
bifarious (distichous), strongly petiolate, entire, very sparsely
and inconspicuously lepidote; sheaths narrowly triangular, incon-
Bpicuous; blades elliptic, acuminate, cuneate at base, to 30 cm
long, 6 cm wide, flat. SCAPE erect, slender; scape-bracts nar-
rowly triangular, long-attenuate, much exceeding the internodes.
INFLORESCENCE simple, 13 cm long, lax, secund-flowered, white-
lepidote. FLORAL BRACTS from narrowly triangular and exceeding
the lower pedicels to ovate and shorter than the upper; pedicels
divergent to spreading, slender, to 15 mm long. SEPALS lance-
oblong, obtuse, 17 mm long, ecarinate; petals over 25 m long,
deep pink (Dudley), bearing a semiorbicular scale at base; sta-
mens (immature) probably included;ovary more than 4 inferior;
ovules alate. Pl. III, fig. 1: Leaf; fig. 2: Inflorescence; fig.
3: Sepal. ,

PERU: HUANUCO: epiphytic in dense and damp cloud forest half
way between Camp 3 (Laguna) and Camp 4 (Peligroso), southwestern
slope of the Rfo LlullaPichis watershed, on the ascent of Cerro
del Sira, 9° 26' S, 74° 45' W, 1400 m alt, 22 July 1969, Dudley
13087 (NA, type).

PITCAIRNIA WOLFEI L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A P. alborubra Baker,
cui valde affinis, pedicellis sepalisque multo minoribus, ovario
fere omnino infero differt.

PLANT flowering 6 dm high. LEAVES rosulate, to 1 m long, en-
tire, sparsely pale-lepidote on both sides; sheaths triangular,
inconspicuous; blades linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 35 mm wide,
prominently nerved and channeled. SCAPE erect, slender, pale-
lepidote; scape-bracts erect, the lower large and foliaceous, the

92 P BVA OcdbO@ Gl A Vol. 21, no. 2

upper small, broadly ovate, much shorter than the internodes.
INFLORESCENCE laxly racemose, 8-13 cm long, sparsely white-lepi-
dote. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate, acute, 7 mm long, about half
as long as the p edicels at anthesis; pedicels spreading, slen-
der, to 12 mm long in fruit. SEPALS narrowly triangular, broadly
obtuse, 13 mm long, green; petals obtuse, 35 mm long, greenish
white tipped with purple, obscurely and irregularly appendaged;
Stamens included; ovary ellipsoid, red, almost wholly inferior.
FRUIT indehiscent; seeds very narrowly winged. Pl. III, fig. h:
Inflorescence; fig. 5: Sepal.

PERU: HUANUCO: terrestrial, in very dark, wet rainforest on
the steep sides and bottom of valley just below Camp 4 (Peligro-
80), southwestern slope of the Rfo LlullaPichis watershed, on the
ascent of Cerro del Sira, 9° 25' S, 74° 44! w, 1535 malt, 28
July 1969, Frank Wolfe in T. R. Dudley 12404 (NA, type); same,
shallow valley just beyond Camp Peligroso), 1540 m alt, 25
July 1969, Dudley 13293 (NA, US).

RONNBERGIA EXPLODENS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. AR. maidifolia
Mez, cui affinis, foliis serrulatis, vaginis amplis, inflorescen-
tia sublaxa differt.

PLANT stoloniferous. LEAVES few, fasciculate, to 7 dm long,
much exceeding the inflorescence, serrulate throughout, pale-
lepidote beneath; sheaths ovate, ample; blades linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, subpetiolate, 7 cm wide, thin, channeled. SCAPE erect
Blender, white-lepidote; scape-bracts erect and exceeding the in-
ternodes, the upper ones linear, attenuate, entire. INFLORES-
CENCE simple, sublax, 9-11 cm long, white-lepidote. FLORAL
BRACTS suborbicular, apiculate, 5 mm long, green; flowers spread-
ing. SEPALS 6.5 mm long with a large suborbicular wing overtop-
ping the mucronulate apex, connate for 4 m. FRUIT globose, 10
mm long, "upon slightest touch..... explodes releasing large quan-
tities of mucilaginous seeds." Pl. III, fig. 6: Inflorescence;
fig. 7: Sepal.

PERU: HUANUCO: epiphytic (but not more than 1 m above ground)
and terrestrial, in dense cloud forest at Camp 3 (Laguna), south-
western slope of the Rfo LlullaPichis watershed on the ascent of
Cerro del Sira, 9° 26' S, 74° 45" Ww, 1290 m alt, 21 July 1969,
Dudley 13063 (US, type; NA, isotype); same, 19 July 1969, 13052

NA); same, about halfway between Camp 3 (Laguna) and Camp
Peligroso), 1450 m alt, 23 July 1969, 13176 (NA).

Tillandsia atroviridipetala Matuda, Cact. y Sucul. Mex. 2: 53,
fig. 40. 1957 - PLUMOSA Baker, Journ. Bot. 26: 13. 1888. Synony-
my omitted in Key to Tillandsia, Phytologia 20: 174. 1970.

Because of its filiform-attenuate tomentose-lepidote leaves
Tillandsia atroviridipetala belongs in the synonymy of T. plumosa
and not in that of T. mauryana (cf. Phytologia 7: 173. 1960)
which has stouter leaf-blades with broad scales.

TILLANDSIA NANA Baker, Handb. Bromel. 172. 1889, emend. L. B.
Smith, inflorescentia ramosa vel simplici, spicis distiche 2-3-
floris, complanatis. T. calocephala Wittm. Meded. Rijks Herb.
Leiden 29: 90. 1916.

PERU: INDEFINITE: Gay 8 n (P, type; GH, photo). AYACUCHO:

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 93

Aucara, 20 Feb 1967, Chinchay 3647 (US, USM). CUZCO: Urubamba,
Weberbauer 2554 (B, F photo 11517); Caicai, Urubamba Valley, Aug
1926, Herrera 1146 (US); Uno, Calca, Jan.1937, Vargas 238 (GH,
LIL); Ollainta, Urubamba Valley, 1 May 1954, Rauh & Hirsch P-108
(U); Paucartambo, 8 May 1954, Rauh & Hirsch P-1100 (US); Calca,
29 Dec 1962, Iltis & Ugent 957 (US, WIS).

BOLIVIA: LA PAZ: Murillo, La Paz, 15 Dec 1920, Shepard 234
(GH, US). COCHABAMBA: Chapare (7): Rfo Montehuaiko, June 1911,
Herzog 2300 (L, type of T. calocephala Wittm.; F photo 1148/4).

Reexamination of the type of Tillandsia nana discloses that
the spikes are distichous-flowered and that the species is in no
way different from the later T. calocephala. In my key to the
genus in Phytologia 20: 121. 1970, T. nana should be deleted on
page 146 and should replace T. calocephala on page 125.

TILLANDSIA STENOURA var. TRIPINNATA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith,
comb. nov. T. deppeana var. tripinnata L. B. Smith, Phytologia
‘5: 4g. 1954. T. stenoura var. gonzalezii Gilmartin, Phytologia
16: 155. 1968. TT. fendleri var. fendleri sensu L. B. Smith,
Phytologia 20: 175. 1970.

ECUADOR: LOJA: paramos west of Saraguro, about 50 km north of
Loja, 3 05' S, 29° 14" W, 2500 m alt, 10 March 1947, Espinosa
E-1412 (GH, type of T. stenoura var. gonzalezii Gilmartin).

PERU: SAN MART{N: San Roque, Jan-Feb 1930, L. Williams 7199
(F, GH); 7610 (F, =F HUANUCO: Yanano, 1800 m alt, May 1923,
Macbride i (F, GH); Huacachi, Muna, May 20 - June 1, 1923,
Macbride ue (F, GH); subtropical forest, below Carpish, Huanuco
to Tingo Maria, 2300-2400 m alt, 23 June 1953, Ferreyra 9410 (US,
type; USM, isotype).

My original description of this variety overlooked the charac-
ter of beaked floral bracts, while the tripinnate nature of the
inflorescence proved less important.

VRIESEA CITRINA (Baker) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. Tillandsia
citrina Baker, Handb. Bromel. 224. 1889. Vriesea citrina E.
Morr. ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 224. 1889, nomen in synon.; ibid.
(2), hort. Rev. Hort. 77: 127. 1905, nomen. Vriesea minarum L.
B. Smith, Arquiv. Bot. Est. S. Paulo II. 1: 118, pl. 126. 1943.

BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: Serra da Piedade, 1500-1550 m alt, Warm-
ing 2176 (c, type); 10 July 1940, Foster 564 (GH, type of Vriesea
minarum L. B. Smith; US); 27 Mar 1957, E. Pereira 2678 & G. Pabst
3514 (xe) ; Serra do Curral, Nova Lima, 1 Mar 1934, Mello Barreto
2097 (BHMG). INDEFINITE: Sellow 70 (P).

VRIESEA SPLENDENS var. FORMOSA Suringar ex Witte, Semperv. 18:
[361]. 1889. Tillandsia longibracteata Baker, Journ. Bot. 26:
81. 1888. Vriesea splendens var. longibracteata (Baker) L. B.
oP Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 126: 3. 1955; Phytologia 13: 116.
1966.

The name "formosa" is the oldest in the varietal category and
thus should have been used in my revision of Vriesea in
Phytologia.

Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C., U. S. A.

9h PHYTOUOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2
Plate I

-k: G. cuatrecasasii;

Fig. 1-2: Guzmania confusa; 3

5-6: G. dudleyi; 7-8: G. venamensis.

1971 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 95

Plate II

Fig. 1-7: Dyckia hebdingii.

96 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

Plate III

Fig. 1-3: Pitcairnia bifaria; 4-5: P. wolfei;

6-7: Ronnbergia explodens.

NATURAL HISTORY: OF THE BONIN ISLANDS

Otto & Isa Degener

The two volume work quaintly entitled "The Nature of the Bonin
Islands" and “Compiled by Takasi Tuyama and Shigeo Asami" arrived
as a Christmas gift from Dr. Tuyama Professor of Botany, Ochano-
mizu University, Tokyoe Dr. Tuyama, and Dre Charles Lamoureux of
the University of Hawaii, had visited at our home on the north
shore of Oahu some months before with a package of Bonin herbari-
um specimens for comparison with Hawaiian taxa. A chain=-smoker,
after our study in the wind-free house, we entertained our for-
eign guest out of doors, enthralled by his description of his plant
exploration in his chosen archipelago, known to the Japanese as
Ogasawara-jima. Due to our bombarding the group in August 1943, we
may remember that the fifteen or so “larger” islands with a total
area of forty square miles, are of volcanic origin and part of
Micronesia. They are not low, coral atolls with a monotonous biotae

We have prepared the present review for our peers as neither we,
nor you (we surmise) are versed in the Japanese language. The vol-
umes are in board covers, about 7 1/2 inches wide and 10 1/2 inches
high, and have an excellent quality of filled paper. The number of
pages, shown in Arabic, for Volume I comes to 271; but about a
score more unnumbered pages occur with maps showing often on grids
elevations, soils, rainfall, etc. The frontispiece is a colored
plate of a beautiful aerial scene of the rugged coastline, while
following it is a Pacific blue and leaf green two-page spread of
the entire archipelago in relief. Nearer the middle of the book
and beyond are four colored plates, one depicting nine gaudy ma-
rine organisms, such as bryozoons and sea urchins, and the remain-
der displaying an assortment of 56 typical marine mollusks. Be-
side a good sprinkling of black and white half-tones of geologic
and other diagrams, of photos of plants (some not too clear), of
prints of birds, this volume contains 32 full-page additional
plates in black and white. These are a mélange of scenes showing
the typical vegetation from an understory of Marattia to a shore
predominantly of Pandanus; from close-ups of the most interesting
Flowering Plants to "land shells," insects, crustaceans and dia-
grams of the commoner sea birds in flight; and human interest,
such as showing Drs. Tuyama and Asami with student assistants, of
village scenes, of outrigger canoes, of some World War II ship and
"plane wreckage and, at the very end a monument in good taste fly-
ing the Japanese and American flags side by side to the tragic
victims of a conflict stimulated by population pressureée

For us, specializing in the Hawaiian flora, Volume I is useful
as the scientific names of the Ferns and Flowering Plants (as are
those of the animals as well) are given in English, though the des-
criptions in Japanese are beyond our understanding. We can thus see
how closely the two floras approach each other. This hardly per-
tains to species, excepting for some ferns and some ocean dissemi-
nated halophytes like Colubrina asiatica; but certainly to generae

4 §

98 PyHsFeT O10 GE. sk Vol. 21, no. 2

For the non-specialist, for those unacquainted with the Japanese
language, and for those for whom the Bonin Islands are little more
than a name, we do not recommend investing in this booke

Volume II is decidedly a "horse of another color." It is truly
outstanding’ There is no text at all; instead, there are 228 mag-
nificently executed colored plates comprising about 475 separate
photographs. Among the first are important views of Chichi-jima,
Futami Bay, andesite and marine cliffs, green olivine sand called
uguisizuma, agate, Tertiary rocks, semi-fossil snail shells, "Oni-
iwa, an ogreish stack," northernmost Haha-jima, pinnacled islets of
Harino-iwa, etc. All this is the groundwork for understanding the
environment for the Bonin Island biotae Then follow plates 43 to
130 comprising 213 exquisite color photographs of mostly native
plants, many so easy to recognize as they or their relatives are
likewise found in the better-known Hawaiian Islands. Some of the
identical species, for example, appear to be Ipomoea pes-caprae vare
emarginata, Cassytha filiformis, Calophyllum inophyllum, Psilotum
nudum and Neottopteris nidus. Personally prejudiced in noting the
occurrence of the same, uninteresting, horribly beautiful ornamen-
tals of gardens the world around threatening a fascinating native
flora, we regret Drs. Tuyama and Asami’s wasted film on the south-
east Asian Melia azedarach, the American Leucaena "glauca" now
found to be actually leucocephala, the American Psidium java,
the American Cassia (or as we "splitters" prefer, Ditremexa oc-
cidentalis, the African Thunbergia alata and its Indian relative
T. laurifolia, the American Schinus terebinthifolius, the American
Nicotiana tabacum beloved by Dr. Tuyama, an atypical African Hi-
biscus schizopetalus with Asiatic admixture, the more southern |
Codiaeum variegatum hort.e, the American Allamanda cathartica, the
American Poinsettia pulcherrima horte, the East ? Indian Bryophyl-
lum pinnatum, the American Agave americana and a variety of the
American Passiflora foetidae We should have so much preferred en=
demics or even natives instead. But that, of course, is a matter
of taste as the old lady maintained when she kissed the cowWe

Plates 131 - 134 show magnificently black fruit bats, not un-
like the larger brown flying foxes sampled broiled in Fiji by one
of the reviewers; the diminutive deer Cervus mariannus (note double
“n"), fleeing feral goats; and an example ple of erosion described as
"Patches of grassland, result of cattle-bite." The nine plates fol-
lowing of birds will delight the viewer whether he be ornithologist
or note Another plate shows the toad Bufo marianus (note single
"n"), not to be confused with the Cuban toad B, marinus naturaliz-
ed in the Hawaiian Isiands. Four plates are devoted to colorful
insects; about 25 to intricate corals, overlapping somewhat with
about as many plates devoted to fishes and marine invertebrates.
The last dozen or so are of human interest: scenes of a model vil=
lage, a meteorological station, a Christian (!) church, a schoo},
shipping of specimens and ships, a scene of the Metropolitan Gover=
nor giving an address, and very appropriately at the very last a
solemn "Monument of the war dead, Iso-jimae" One question, however,
bothers use Where are the native Micronesians? Did all fall victims
to the horrors of war, or were they evacuated never to return?

1971 O. & I. Degener, Bonin Islands 99

Pictures are well nigh a universal language; and Volume II con-
sists only of these, each with captions in Japanese and English.
This book we highly recommend to the geologist, to the profession-
al botanist specializing in plants of the Pacific, to the general
botanist interested in the plant world as a whole, to zoologists
of various disciplines, to the armchair traveler, and to the Veter-
ans of World War II who now can show their families and friends
the type of islands they defended with devastation and how Nature
in about thirty years healed the scars of human conflicte

From the Japanese blurb we cannot tell the price of the work,
nor whether sets can be broken. Due to the excellence of Volume II,
we hope the Hirokawa Publishing Company, 27 - 14, Hongo = 3,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, will soon publish an English translation
of Volume I for the sake of reaching a wider reading public.

BOOK REVIEW

Otto Degener

A Russian book in the field of Taxonomy is now available to us
English readers through the authorized translation by C. Jeffrey,
Senior Scientific Officer, Kew, England, of a work by Armen Takhta-
jan, Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad.

Dr. Takhtajan's "Flowering Plants, Origin and Dispersal" was
published by Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, in 1969, and sells for 4
2.50. It comprises 310 pages of which 31 are devoted to the Biblio-
graphy ("Scottsberg" should read "Skottsberg™) and 26 to the Indexe
Though this leaves but 253 pages for text, this is packed with in-
formation illustrated with 13 plates and 32 figures.

Chapter 3 begins with long established convictions held by many
of us that "The identity of the ancestors of the flowering plants
is a most difficult problem - - -e", and that "In spite of their
great diversity, all seed plants have so much in common that their
origin from more than one ancestral group seems unlikely.” Takhta-
jan then coneludes, in agreement with many other workers, that the
angiosperms arose from some very ancient group of gymnosperms hav-
ing primitive secondary xylem of scalariform tracheids and primi-
tive bisexual strobili. These last must have been large; terminal;
and with an elongate axis bearing spirally arranged leafy bracts
and leaf-like, pinnate sporophylls. The microsporangia and ovules
were numerous; the microsporangia free and the ovules without a
micropyle. The strobili in most cases were cross-pollinated by in-
sects such as beetles. The carpel may have evolved as an organ of
great survival value, protecting the large ovule from being eaten
and in general enabling it to become reduced in sizee

100 P.H.Y T.0.L 0.G,2.A Vol. 21, nos 2

The mysterious absence of fossil remains of the earliest flower-
ing plants is explained as probably due to such groups having e-
volved rapidly in montane regions where conditions for fossiliza-
tion were far less favorable than in the lowlands where sediments
tended to accumulate.

Chapter 6, the longest, builds the first flowering plants via a
hypothetical reconstruction. Then follow "Living Fossils." These,
according to the author, are the Magnoliales, comprising the Win-
teraceae, Magnoliaceae, Degeneriaceae, Himantandraceae, Eupomati-
aceae, Annonaceae, Canellaceae and Myristicaceae Next are charac-
terized various families, somewhat reminiscent to us English read-=
ers of Arthur J. Eames" “Morphology of the Angiosperms," published
seven years after Takhatajan's "Origin of Angiospermous Plants"
and the same year as the latter's second editiono

Authentic angiosperm fossils are found only from the Harly Cre-
taceous onward. Their center of distribution was somewhere between
Eastern India and “Polynesia,” perhaps more accurately expressed as
"Melanesia." After discussing the differentiation of floras, he
deals with the evolution of the Tertiary flora of the Northern
Hemisphere. The Appendix. explains his ideas regarding the classi-
fication of the flowering plants; figure 31, a dendrogram of his
94 accepted, living orders, gives a bird's eye views

Prof. Takhtajan's "Flowering Plants, Origin and Dispersal” is a
quicker book to read and to absorb than is the almost contemporary
text book by Prof. Eames. Both books are especially suited for the
professional botanist and for the more advanced college studente

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XIII

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lam.

Additional & emended bibliography: Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind.,
ed. 1 [Carey & Wallj, 1: 409 & 481. 1820; E. D. Merr., Philip.
Journ. Sci. 30: 26. "1926; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 90 (1971)
and 21: 2, 45, & 48--55. 1971.

Additional illustrations: Rumph., Herb. Amb. h: pl. 59. 173.

Maheshwari (1963) says that this plant is "grown as a hedge
plant in gardens" at Delhi. The corollas are described as
"purple" on Bunnak 280, Chien 602), Cuadra A.1007, Evangelista
923, and R. Ferreyra 8911, "pinkish-purple" on Suvarnakoses 81,
"rose-purple" on Chand 7677, "purplish-red" on Steward & Chao 451,
"rose-purple to lavender" on Chand 627), "red" on Lau 177, "pink"
on Gressitt 96, "pinkish" on Larsen, Santisuk, & Warncke 310,
"violet" on K. Larsen 10267, "pale-violet" on Villamil 14), "laven-
der" on M. K. . Clemens 10125 and F. A. McClure 3195, "b 'bluish-white"
on Fryar 398h, "pinkish-white" on Boonchuai 1125, "white to pale-
pink" on Hoogland 5006, and "white" on Brass 3969, 27278, & 2938,
Lam 2049, Royen 300), and Thomsen 66). Liang 66029 represents a
very narrow-leaved form.

Sprengel, in his 1825 work, regards C. lanceolaria Roxb. as a
distinct species and places Ce japonica - Thunb. in the synonymy of
C. longifolia, but in his 1828 work correctly regards Thunberg's
plant as a distinct and valid species. Beissner, Schelle, & Za-
bel (1903), on the other hand, place Ce. longifolia in synonymy
under C. japonica! Schauer (18,7) reduced C. japonica to synonymy
under C. longifolia. Li (1963) gives a "C. pilocalyx Clark" as a
synonym of C. longifolia, but by this he unquestionably means C.
psilocalyx C. B. Clarke, which is a distinct and valid species.
The Callicarpa acuminata Roxb. cited as a synonym of C. longifolia
by Schauer (1847) is actually C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn., while the
C. adenanthera R. Br., also cited by him, is C. candicans (Burn.
f.) Hochr.

Kanehira & Hatusima (192) feel that C. formosana Rolfe "does
not seem to be distinct from this polymorphous and widely distrib-
uted species [C. longifolia]", but with this concept I cannot agree.
Dop (1932) regards C. dentata Wall. and C. virens Reinw., each only
"in part", as synonyms BL a Pilg Cc. longifolia. Bean (1951) regards Ce.
longifolia as a synonym of C C. japonica var. angustata Rehd., but it
is only in "sensu Hemsl." that this is true. The Callicarpus ob-
longifolia ®@ acuminatissima Hassk. is C. pedunculata R. Br.

101

102 PHY: b.0.4, 0G, 5s Vol. 21, no. 2

Li (1963) reduces C. kotoensis Hayata and C. japonica var.
kotoensis (Hayata) Masamune to synonymy under Cc. longifolia, say-
ing “Hayata says of his C. kotoensis as 'near C. pilocalyx Clark
and C. longifolia Lamk., but differs from both by the larger

flowers and less hairy leaves' When compared with large series
of C. longifolia specimens from all over tropical Asia, the Lanyu
plant cannot be specifically separated". I regard both names as
synonymous with C. japonica var. luxurians Rehd. Kanehira (1936)
regards C, antaoensis Hayata as a synonym of what he calls C.
kotoensis.

The C. albida Blume, C. attenuata Wall., C. lanceolaria Roxb.,

Cc. longifolia Au Auct., C. longifolia L., C. longifolia Roxb., C.
longifolia var. lanceolaria C. B. Clarke, C. longifolia var. ~ lan=
ceolaria (Roxb.) C. B. Clarke, C. etlengi Telia Hassk., C. rox-
burghiana Roem. & Schult., C. roxburghiana Schult., and Callicar-
pus oblongifolia Hassk., included in the synonymy of the typical
form of C. longifolia Lam. by various previous authors (including
myself), are now regarded by me as representing f. floccosa Schau.,
which see.

It should be noted here that the C. americana accredited to
Blanco and referred to in the synonymy of C. longifolia is actual-
ly a synonym of C. formosana Rolfe, that accredited to Lamarck,
to Roxburgh, and to Willdenow pelotes in the synonymy of C. aneri-
cana L. (a valid species), that ascribed to Loureiro is Cc. candi-
cans (Burm. f.) Hochr., that ascribed to Sessé & Mocifio is Ecce
pringlei Briq., and tas ascribed to Thunberg is C. japonica |
Thunb.; the C. cana accredited to Dalzell & Gibson is actually Cc.
tomentosa (L. ey Murr., that credited to Gamble is C. macrophylla _
Vahl, that of Linnaeus, of Sprengel, and of Vahl is C. candicans
(pabak f.) Hochrs, iar that ascribed to Wallich is in part Cc.
longifolia and in part C. pedunculata R. Br.; the C. cuspidata of
Roxburgh is C. pedunculata R. Br., while that ascribed to Bakhui-
zen van den Brink is in part C. longipes Dunn and in part C. rmu-
bella Lindl.; the C. dentata credited to Pavon and the Sessé & Mo-
cifio is Cormutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau., that of
Roth is C. pedunculata R. Br., and that of Roxburgh is C. candi-
cans (Burm. f.) Hochr.; the C. japonica ascribed to the y: younger
Linnaeus is C. japonica Thunb., that ascribed to Matsumura and to
Miquel is C. japonica var. luxurians Rehd., that credited to "Hort.
ex Pritzel" is C. rubella Lindl., while that ascribed to "Hort. ex
Moldenke" is in p: part C. japonica and in part C. rubella; the C.
longifolia accredited to Bentham, to Hance, and to "sensu Mori" is
really C. longissima (Hemsl.) Merr., that ascribed to Diels is C.
bodinieri var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., that ascribed to Hooker is
C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance, that credited to "sensu Hemsley" is Cc.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 103

japonica var. angustata Rehd. and "sensu Li" is C. japonica var.
luxurians Rehd., that ascribed to "Auct.", to Linnaeus, and to
Roxburgh is C. longifolia f. floccosa Schau., while that credit-
ed to Hemsley is in part C. bodinieri var. giraldii and in part
C. japonica var. angustata.

Similarly, the C. purpurea ascribed to "Hort. ex Moldenke" and
to Van Houtte is a synonym of C. rubella Lindl., that of A. L.
Jussieu is C. dichotoma (Lour. ) K. Koch, and that of Nakai is C,
japonica Thunb., and the C. tomentosa credited to Hooker & Arnott,
to Willdenow, and to "sensu Matsumura" is C. kochiana Mak., that
ascribed to Konig is C. macrophylla Vahl, that accredited to La-
mark and to Linnaeus "ex Sprengel" is C. candicans (Burm. f.)
Hochr., that ascribed simply to Linnaeus is C. erioclona Schau.,
that ascribed to Linnaeus "ex Willdenow", to . Murray, and to "(L.)
Santapau" is C. tomentosa (L.) Murr. [a valid species], that of
Vahl is as yet unidentified, while that credited to Bakhuizen van
den Brink is in part C. arborea Roxb. and in part C. integerrima
Champ.

Vernacular names recorded for C. longifolia are "antao-murasaki}
"avéravi", "bagiha", "bebétih kinana", "beb6tik kinana", "béning-
bening", Ncallicarpa Aa longues feuil", "chapal", "chapal kechil",
"chukin" , "dama besoi", "gambiran", "ka joe modang attarasa",

"ka joe séran", "kapieriet", "karat D¥si", "katoempang", "Katoem—
pang bener", "'katumpang", "keling-kahan", "keméniran", "khow tok",
"hu-kwai-lek", "kikatumpang", 2 toempang", "koamoora", "lang-
blattrige Schonbeere", "lo Kop ngan", "longleaf beautyberry",
"long-leaved callicarpa", 'méniran oetan", "méniran sapi",
"moeniran", "nagaba-murasaki", "nasi-nasi", "papalain", phy
yaun bai lek", "sekudara", "setampo", "'gimadgimbad jon", “si se",
"songka", "songka kampong”, "sulap", "tama", "tampah bési",
"tampal esi", "tampang bési", "tampang pesi puteh", "tampoh
bési", "'tampoh besih", "'tampong bési", "tapah bési", "tibabdsi",
NtSgau", "tobaybd4si" *wtulang besi", and Nwhite-fruited tampang
besi". The names "meniran oetan" and "tampal bési" are applied
also to C, candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr.

It is worth noting here that Lamarck's original description of
C. longifolia (1785) is often incorrectly dated "1783".

Because of the great importance of Schauer's treatment of this
taxon and the various interpretations which have been accorded it
since that time, it is worthwhile to repeat his discussion here:
"C. longifolia (Lam. dict. 1 p. 562), undique glanduloso-punctata
ceterumque vero pube stellat& magis minusve farinoso-tomentosa
aut subglabrata, foliis membranaceis lanceolato-oblongis lanceola-
tisve utrinque attenuatis brevipetiolatis longe acuminatis
serrato-denticulatis, cymis multifloris divaricato-—dichotomis
confertiusculis convexis pedunculo petiolum subaequante folio
multoties brevioribus, calyce brevi l-costato ore truncato brev-
issime -mucronulato. 3d In India orientali usque in Japoniam.
Folia 6 poll. circ. longa, 2 poll. lata, penninervia, venosa,

10 PHY TO LOG EA Vol. 21, no. 2

plana, supra viridia vix nitidula, subtus pallidiora, utrinque

subtus vero magis punctis resinosis flavis dense consita. Calyx

semilineam longus. Cor. calyce jam duplo jam vero non nisi di-

midio longior. Stam. exserta, antherarum connectivo et sulco

faciali dense glanduloso-punctatis (v. s. inh. DC., Nees, Lucae
aliorq.)

"& subglabrata, ramulis cum inflorescentiae ramulis folior-
umque reti utrinque pube stellat& farinosis interdum subglabratis
calyce foliorumque adultorum paginis glabris. -- In Indi& orient.
e. gr. prov. Silhet (Wall.! cat. no. 1829), in Jav& (Bl.! Jungh.!
Zolling.! pl. jav. no. 156! et 223!), in Philippinis (Cuming.! n.
1330), in Japoni@ (Zolling.! pl. jap. n. 349). C. longifolia Lam.
1. c. et ill. t. 69:f. 2, Bot. reg. t. 86)! Hook. exot. fl. isp.
133! C. Japonica Thunb. fl. jap. p. 60. C. lanceolaria Roxb.!
fl. ind. 1 p. 395."

Miquel's original description of his C. lanata ® uberior
(1856) is "foliis e basi cuneata elliptico-oblongis, acumine haud
abrupte terminatis, semi pedalibus......Sumatra."

Merrill (1912) comments that the Cuming 1330 collection from
the Philippines, cited by Schauer in the above quotation, certain-
ly does not agree well with the original description of C. longi-
folia and "to me does not appear to be closely allied to Lamarck's
species", He therefore makes it the type collection of C. doli-
chophylla Merr., and with this disposition I fully agree.

When Schauer's two named forms were regarded as separate from
the typical form of the species, the following key was proposed
and used in the annotation of a considerable number of herbarium
specimens in many widespread herbaria:

1. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath or practically so, no stellate
hairs on the lamina of the lower surface; hairs, if present,
simple, or stellate only on the midrib........C. longifolia.

la. Leaf-blades more or less stellate-floccose beneath.

2. Leaf-blades very sparsely stellate on the lower surface,
chiefly on the midrib and larger venation.......es.ceccree
C. longifolia f. subglabrata.
2a. Leaf-blades more densely stellate on the lower surface, on
the lamina as well as on the venation............s2ceeecee
C. longifolia f, floccosa.

This separation, however, has not proved to be practical and I

now regard Schauer's f. subglabrata to be equivalent to the typi-

cal form of the species, as, indeed, it was originally proposed
by him. His f. floccosa, then, is the only one of his two forms
now accepted as worthy of being maintained. It was Hochreutiner

(193) who first pointed out that Schaver's form "subglabrata"

was actually "Varietas typica speciei" and not a separate taxon.

The Hainan material cited below has, in general, the leaf-
blades completely glabrous. Other material is merely subglab-
rous on the lower surface, with no stellate hairs on the actual
lamina, the hairs (when present) being mostly simple, or the

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 105

stellate hairs are confined to the midrib.

Callicarpa longifolia is employed as a hedge plant in parts of
India, and is also used as a fish-poison. Its bark is used by the
Japanese on the Johnstone River, in Queensland, as a substitute
for the betel leaf when chewing the Areca nuts with lime. Lam
(192h) reports that it is also used to check dysmenorrhea. Heyne
(1917) has this to say: "Rumphius geeft den naam sanka....opvoor
zijn Mamanira alba....., welke nog niet met zekerheid is geiden-
tificeerd en beschrijft dien als een struik, nist boven een man
hoog, wassende op magere velden, in het kreupelbosch en in verla-
ten tuinen. Van de wortels koken sommigen een drank tegen buik-
loop. De bladeren dienen als kraamzuiverend middel en, fijnge-
wreven met rijst en wat djinten in azijn gekookt, ter bevochtig-
ing van omslagen voor - of tot het verdrijven van - harde ge-
zwellen. Het gebruik van de bladeren van C. longifolia, dat mij
te Buitenzorg werd opgegeven, komt hiermede overeen: zij zouden
m. 1. de medicijn wezen voor wonden en zwellingen, die maar niet
beter willen worden. Ook de toepassing door Ridley....vermeld,
dat de bladeren worden gebizigt tegen koliek, vindt men bij
Rumphius terug in het gebruik van de wortels.

"Nog twee mijner aanteekeningen maken melding van inwendig ge-
bruik als geneesmiddel (een van een afkooksel en een van een koud
aftreksel van de gewreven bladeren), zoodat het verwondering
baart, dat deze plant zoo giftig is voor visschen als volgen moet
uit Indische Vergiftrapporten No. 201, indien temminste de opge-
geven wetenschappelijke naam juist is. Men leest daar, dat op
Siaoe de bladeren van den tama worden gebizigd om de visschen te
dooden, die bij eb in het rif zijn achtergebleven. Daartoe worden
de bladeren of fijngestampt in het water geworpen, of aan de
steenen van het rif gekneusd, zoodat het sap zich met het zeewa-
ter vermengt. De visschen zouden onmiddellijk bedwelmd geraken
en zich gemakkelijk laten vangen. Hetzelfde geval doet zich ech-
ter voor bij een andere (nog niey herkende) Callicarpasoort, door
Rumphius (IV, bl. 12) onder den naam van Frutex ceramicus be-
schreven als een heester, op Ambon onbekend, doc doch op Banda als
kajoe ceram in de hoven eeplant als vischbedwelmend middel. Hij
zegt, dat men de bladeren stampt in een korfje doet en afgedekt
een nacht laat staan. Man gaat daarmede naar plaatsen, waar bij
afloopend getij water is blijven staan en strooit het, al wrij-
vend totdat het schuimt, op het water; de visschen komen daardoor
dood boven drijven. Yoor de menschen en overige wezens is echter,
zegt Rumphius, deze plant onschadelijk, want de wortel wordt als
medicijn inwendig gebruikt, de bladeren worden door bokken en
schapen afgegraasd en spreeuwen en andere vogels eten de vruchten!

Pammel, on the authority of Greshoff, also records this species
as a fish-poison. Uphof (1968) says that it is "Used for poultic-
ing in fever and colic among the Malays".

It should be noted here that the type collection of C. javanica
is Zippelius s.n. from Java and that of C. attenuifolia is ; Elmer —

13536 from Mindanao, Philippine Islands. The Wallich 1835. 1, ci ci-

106 PHL TeO BOG Th Vol. 21, no. 2

ted below, and collected in 1822 on Penang Island, is a cotype of
C. attenuata Wall., the other cotypes being an Ahern and a Jack
collection not seen by me. The basis of C. tomentosa Thunb. is
the Thunberg s.n. specimen cited below and deposited in the her-
barium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum in Stockholm, while that
of C. longifolia var. acuminatissima is Ploem s.n. from Java de-
posited in the Buitenzorg herbarium.

Kuntze (1891) says of his C. longifolia var. pubinervis: "Fo-
lia subtus in nervis pubescentia ceterum glabra, sed glandulis
punctiformibus munita. Java, verbreitet. Der Beschreibung nach
gehort auch var. lanceolaria Clarke hierher, aber lanceolaria
Roxb. wird leaves very hoary underneath beschrieben. Unter var.
subglabrata verstand Schauer noch var. japonica OK. (Thbg. 178),
foliis glaberrimis." I am designating Kuntze 5166 in the Britton
Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden as lectotype of this
variety because this is the only one of the five specimens in
Kuntze's herbarium labeled as this variety by him which has the
Latin description placed by him after the name; it was collected
at Ngalindung, Java, at an altitude of 3000 feet, on June 23,
1875.

Lindley & Paxton (1853) also comment on the error made by
Schauer (1847) in uniting C. japonica Thunb. with C. longifolia,
and point out some of the obvious differences between the two
taxa, stating that in C. longifolia the cymes are smaller, the
calyx is firm and fleshy, and the calyx-teeth more conspicuous,
and that it is "a southern plant, much more tender" than C. ja-
ponica.

Chopra, Badhwar, & Ghosh (1965) report C. longifolia from the
Nicobar Islands. They claim that var. lanceolaria (Roxb.) C. B.
Clarke differs only in having the leaves narrower and thinner,
"elabrate and densely minutely gland—dotted beneath when mature"!
This, however, is a misinterpretation of that taxon, for, as
Kuntze pointed out, Roxburgh's original description calls for
the leaf-blades to be "very hoary underneath". In my opinion,
it belongs in the synonymy of f. floccosa Schau. The "var.
lanceolaria" in the interpretation of Chopra, Badhwar, & Ghosh
is said by them to occur plentifully in central Bengal and in
the Khasi Hills up to an altitude of about 3000 feet and that
"it likely possesses fish-poison properties". These same
authors describe the mature leaves of C. longifolia as "beneath
so closely fulvous stellate-villous that few of the glands are
visible", but obviously this applies not to the typical form of
the species but to f. floccosa only. It would seem, therefore,
that what they regard as typical C. longifolia is really f. floc-
cosa, while what they regard as var. lanceolaria is actually the
typical C. longifolia. They refer to the fruit as a "berry",
but it is actually a drupe.

Maheshwari (1963) reports that at Delhi the species blooms

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 107

from September to November and fruits from January to March. He
cites Maheshwari 663, taken from cultivated material growing in
the Talkatora Gardens of Delhi.

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) describes C. longifolia as "A
slender shrub, branchlets, cymes and petioles almost glabrescent;
leaves lanceolate, minutely denticulate-serrulate to almost en-
tire, upper side glabrous when aldult, lower side almost glabrous,
except on the nerves; cymes slender, lax, rather long petioled;
calyx scarcely hairy or glabrous; corolla rose or whitish,
scarcely pubescent outside; ovary densely glandular, not hairy."
He comments about the f. subglabrata and f. floccosa: "It is not
possible to distinguish distinctly the numerous varieties, which
exist between the above-mentioned two extreme :‘forms."

Domin (1928) describes, but does not name, a "forma inflores-
centia valde laxa, divaricata, iteratim dichotoma excellens" from
Queensland, based on his unnumbered collection from "bei Yarraba
in den die Bachufer begleitenden Regenwilder bis 550 m empor-
steigend", collected in January, 1910. A note by C. T. White on
Brass 3969 from Papua says “almost the same as much Queensland
material under C. longifolia". Koorders (1912) tells us that C.
longifolia is found over "Ganz Java: Von 0--1700 m. ii. M. im
lichten Regemwald gemein aber zerstreut".

Junell (1934) notes that "Auch bei C. longifolia habe ich
einigemale beobachtet, dass die Teilung des Zentralkerns von
Bildung einer Querwand begleitet ist". Dop (1932), in speaking
of C. bracteata Dop, says: "Cette espéce est voisine du C. longi-
folia Lam. Elle s'en distingue aisément par les pédoncules des des
cymes beaucoup plus longs, les bractées foliacées. La longueur
du pédoncules la rapprocherait du C. longipes Dunn de Chine et
de Hongkong 5 mais les feuilles longuement attenuées, la calice a
dents trés petites, d* elolgnent nettement du C. longipes a feuil-
les arrondies ou cordées 4 la base et 4 calice divisé jusqu'au
milieu."

A wood sample accompanies R. S. Williams 2116. The Teijsmann
s.n. (Boeroe Kajeli] specimen, , cited below, is is interesting be-
cause it consists only of complete Lant-aioiatacaet The R. Fer-
reyra 076 collection from Lima, Peru, is doubtfully placed here
since the collector avers that its feutie were red and that it
grew in a stony habitat, with no hint that it represents culti-
vated material.

Vidal y Soler (1885) cites Cuming 1330 from the Philippine Is-
lands, but this number is the type c collection of C. dolichophylla
Merr., as has been pointed out previously.

Domin (1928) cites Domin s.n. [Harvey's Creek, XII.1909] & s.
n. (Yarraba, I.1910] from Queensland. Bentham & Mueller (1870) _
cite only a Dallachy s.n. [Rockingham Bay] from Queensland. Ap-
parently this was the only Australian specimen of this species
known to them. They describe it as "leaves.....green and nearly
glabrous or sprinkled with very short hairs above, more copiously

108 PHYTO b.0G dh Vol. 21, no. 2

tomentose and glandular underneath but usually green or very
slightly rusty or whitish." This description definitely points
to f. floccosa Schau. rather than to the typical form of the spe-
cies.

Koorders (1912) cites Pulle 3119 from Java. Bakhuizen van den

Brink (192) cites Atasrip p Lh, Lam Lam 20h9, and Thomsen 664 from New
Guinea. Lam (191h) cites Elbert 3 3000 & 306) from Celebes, Elbert
1864 from Lombok, and Grundler L183 & 4199 from Sumbawa, wie in
his 192) work he cites Ledermann 6597, ~ 6836, 9226, & ush7a and
Schlechter 14303 from Northeastern New Guinea and Kraemer s.n.
[1909] from New Ireland. King & Gamble (1908) cite the following
material from Malaya: Johore: G. King s.n. Langkawi Island: Cur-
tis 213). Malacca: Griffith 6039, Maingay 1191. Penang: King &
Stoliczka s.n., Wallich 1535. Perak: King's Co Collector [Kunstler]
80 & 239, Stortechini chini 121). Selangor: Curtis s.n. Singapore:
Cantley 120, Hullett s.n., Lobb s.n., Schomburgk 5u, G. Thomson
Lh, Wal Walker er 207. Cultivated, Si aes ene’ Deschamps s sen.

i ee Ne eae na eee

Fe SES NO ete ea ii ae es At eS I ly et Ne

72820 of collectors and/or herbaria whose names he gives only in
Chinese characters.

Material of C. longifolia has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria as C. acuminata H.B.K., C. angusta Schau., C.
cana L., C. caudata Maxim., C. dichotoma (Lour.) Ke Koch, C. ~ lon-
gifolia var. floccosa Schau., C. macrophylla Vahl, C. pedunculata
R. Br., and C. psilocalyx C. B. }. Clarke.

On the other hand, the Ahern's Collector s.n. {Herb. Philip.
Forest Bur. 1888], eiapriiated as C. longifolia, is actually C.
angusta Schau.; Teijsmann 3525 Heb. is Cc. arborea Roxb.; Bulock
sen. is C. bodinieri Lévl.; Giraldi s.n. .. [Monte Kin-qua-san, 10.
VII .1897] and Henry 7312 are C. bodinieri var. giraldii (Hesse)
Rehd., the former mer probably being the type collection; Liang 62267
and C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] are C. brevipes (Benth. y Han Hance; __
Sindhipongse 76 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 6020] is C. candicans
var. sumatrana (lfiq.) Moldenke; Mearns & Hutchinson m 755 is C.
caudata Maxim.; Cuming 1330 is the type | collection of GC. Cc. dolicho-
phyla | Merr.; Ramos & mos & Edafio son. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 28513]
is C. formosana var. glabrescens Moldenke; H. H. Bartlett 6936 &
8603, Bartlett & La Rue 419, Boeea 6508, 909, ” 9396, & 9549,
Clemens & Clemens 3 3029 & . 3481, Mrs Mrs. ae J. Collins ns 2365, Gebruik
$l, Hamel & Toroes 1165, M. R. Henderson m 19633 & 20491, Herb.

Hort. Bot Bot. . Bogor. XV XV.KA.45.3, Loeb 91, F. A. A. McClure 3195 (He: (Herb.

Canton Chr. Coll. 9743], Native Collector 273, Nur 18835 & 32651,
G. E. Perry 5228, Ramos & . Edafio sen. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.

406 & 44326], Saimoendt 20, U. Singh 81, Toroes 16) & 3002, D.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 109

issima opr =) Merr.; La Rue s.n. “(Citrus E Exp. Sta., piearatanl
is C. is C. macrophylla Vahl; W We We W. Clark son. (Herb. Philip. Forest
Bur. 2534] and Mearns & Hutchinson | Son. wn. [May 1906] are C. merril-
1ii Moldenke; Wilkes : sen. [Sulu Archipelago] is C. nigrescens
Merr.; Ae Forbes 21 | el and Fi Hort. Huber 725 are C. pedunculata R. Bre;
We Kaudern . 313 i is wr pilosissima Ma: Maxim.; Schlagintweit 483 is C.
rubella Li Lindl.; and | D. D. Wood 1227 is C. superposita Merr.

The Hamel & Toroes 3 1165, Ho. Hollrung 817, Hoogland 3653, Native
Collector 27 273; and D. 1 D. Wood a 785, c: cited below, are - placed here
tentatively. Some specimens of these eathiant! dm are also cited
under C. longifolia f. floccosa. These specimens were mostly an-
notated by me a considerable number of years ago, before my pres-
ent concepts of the delimitations of these taxa had crystallized.

The specimens need to be re-examined.

The Clemens & Clemens 3029 & 21090, Krukoff 035, Mondi 23, G.
E. Perry 5228, Toroes roes 16h, C. C. Wang ng 35683, and Ros. S. Williams s 2116
previously Sorecarded i by me me as S representing typical C C. longifolia,
and so annotated by me in some herbaria, seem actually to repre—
sent f. floccosa instead.

The Elmer 20102 & 2002 collections, cited below, actually
show some of the lower leaf-surfaces more or less sparsely stel-
late, but this is usually only on the youngest leaves; the adult
leaves are glabrate beneath, so I am retaining these two collec-
tions here under the typical form of the species. The Elmer
15336 and Lei 114 also seem to exhibit intermediate characters.

In all, 38) herbarium specimens, including type material of
several of the names involved, and 5 mounted photographs have
been examined by me.

Additionat citations: PERU: Lima: R. Ferreyra 076. MADAGASCAR:
Bélanger s.n. (P). PAKISTAN: East Bengal: King's Collector 16
(W—369327), . 173 (Bz--18039). INDIA: Assam: Belcher & Juan 5)
(W—2212892); Ch Chand 2198 (Mi), 2489 (Mi), 627) (Mi), 633ha (Mi),
7677 (Mi); Jenkins s.n. (Bz--18036); Koelz ; 24215 (Mi), 27375 (Mi),
27378 (Ca--13),3036, Mi); Prazer s.n. [1890] ~(Bz--18035). Delhi:
Herb. Delhi Univ. 270 (Gg--1346h). Khasi States: C. B. Clarke
W9bb [599] (W—-802505), 1h948 [599] (W--802505), 17824c [600] _
(W--80266 3) ; Hooker & Thomson s.n. [Mont. Khasia] (N, (N, S). Uttar
Pradesh: Mani s.n. “sen. [15-10-]9) (N); U. Singh 81 (Bz--180)5, La, N).
State undetermined: Thunberg s.n. (S, S); W Wallich sen. (Ind. or.]
(T). BURMA: Tenasserim: Falconer 50) (Bz--180)0, Bz—-180),2) ; Hel-
fer 6038 (S, T). State undetermined: Meebold 14076 (S), 17002 (s).
ANDAMAN ISLANDS: South Andaman: Heinig s.n. [1898] (Bz—-180)1) ;
Prain's Collector 27 (Na--19553). MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO: J. Anderson

110 Faeroe Oe res Vol. 21, no. 2

son. [Mergui Archipelago, 1882] (W--261237). CHINA: Kwangsi:
Ching 6394 (Ca—l099)9); Steward & Cheo 51 (S); Tsang 2,001 (N).
Kwangtung: F. A. McClure 3195 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 973] (Ph).
seh gee == 602) eee CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS:

127985) F.C. How 7265 (Bz--180h4); Lau 177 cs, Ca——52513h, Mi,
N, W--162924)); Lei 11, in part (B, Ba, Ca--612175, N); Liang
62267 (N), 66029 (Go, we F. A. McClure s.n. [Herb. Canton n Chr.
Coll. 8036] (Bi, Ca--366338); Tak 100 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15599]
(Ca--315700); C. Wang 3290 (N), 33354 (N), 34161 (N), 35999 (N),
36332 (N). THAILAND: Boonchuai 1125 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept.
26399] (S); Bunnak 280 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 969] (Ss); Mrs.
D. Je Collins 1667 (W--1701359) ; Kasin 395 (Bz—-728 35) 5 K. Larsen
10267 (lw); Larsen, Santisuk, & Warncke 3410 (Ac); Smitinand a. 1387
(Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 7307] (Z); Suvarnakoses 841 [Herb. Roy.
Forest Dept. 12939] (Sm); Thaworn 23 [Herb. Roy. Fo Forest Dept.
14548] (Gg). INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Thorel s.n. [Paklai, Mekong]
(Ca——38110). Tonkin: Balansa 3808 (W--2L,96 752) 5 Pételot 8700
(N); Rothé 25 (B). State undetermined: G. W. Groff 5783 (Ca—
300192, Gg—31991); Pételot 1086 [Phy Ho] (Ca--227713). MALAYA:
Penang: Wallich 1835.1 (M). "Singapore: N. J. Andersson s.n. [28
Jan. 1853] (S); Herb. Schles. Bot. Tauschver. 25 (B). WESTERN
PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Batan: H. H. Bartlett 15hh49
(Mi), 15502 (Mi). Cebu: M. Ramos s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
11078] (Cm). Luzon: Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
28513] (W--129)195); Rivera & Duyag s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
75008] (Ca--35950); Wohler 76 (S)- (S)is “Mindanao: Elmer 13536, in
part (Bi, N, Ut—33518). Negros: Elmer 10375 (Vt). Tawitawi: S.
Olsen 833 (Cp). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Borneo: Amdjah
253 (Bz--17697), 553 (Bz--17685, Bz--17686), 619 (Bz—-17687), 639
(Bz--17688) ; Boden Kloss 19112 (Bz--17691, Ca--3615h) ; Buwalda
7895 (Bz--72860); Endert 1,61 (Bz--72570), 1751 (Bz--72713), 5261
(Bz--72709) ; Haviland & Hose lose 5620 (V--05); Jaheri 1893 (Baer
17693, Bz--1769), Bz--17695); Rutten 571 (Ut—-083h), 6 617 (Ut—
41059); Soloh & Main 21812 (Bz—72985). Celebes: Bloembergen
4093 (Bz—18061), 4228 (Bz--18702), 4259 (Bz--18062); Kjellberg
397 (S), 725 (S); Rachmat 588 (Bz--1 7946) « Java: Altmann )15
(Bz--17719); Arain 19508 (Bz—-17835), 19663 (Bz--17833, Bz—
1783); Backer 173 (Bz--178)0, Bz--178)1), 572 (Bz-—-17721), 1058
(Bz--17806, Bz--17807), 2036 (Bz—17721, Bz—17722, Bz—25h,71),_
7264 (Bz--17823), 9939 (Bz—17821, Bz--17822), 12317 (Bz--17771,
Bz--17772), 12836 (Bz—-17812, Bz--17813, Bz--1781h), 141) (Bz—
17810, Bz--17811), 14986 (Bz--17720), 16201 (B2--17838, Bz--

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 111

17839), 17261 (Bz--17815, Bz--17816, Bz--17817), 18810 (3z—
17843), 23387 (Bz—-17809), 24016 (Bz--1782h), 32673 (Bz—-1772h,
Bz--17725), 32677 (Bz--1777h), 3 3268) (Bz—-17735, Bz—17736, Bz-=
17737), 32685 (Bz--17733, Bz—-17734); Backer, Overeem, & Slooten

(Bz--1809), 2157 (Ut—2880a), 2643 (Bz--17776), 3170 (io
17732); Berger r 548 (Bz—17728), s.n. [5-6-17] (Bz—-17782); Beumée
726 (Bz--17858), 1897 (Bz—17845), 1946 (Bz--17857), 3606 (Bz—
1786), 5297 (Bz--17847); Bruggeman 669 (Bz--17729); Burck & Mon-
chy s.n. [Depot] (Bz—-17780, Bz—17781); Buwaldca 2761 (Bz--73012) ;
E. Christophersen 53 (Bi); Collector undesignated 109 109 (Bz—17751
Bz—-17752), SN. (Bz--178)8) ; Danser 6789 (Bz--17726) ; Docters
van Leeuwen-Rei jnvaan 730 (Bz--178)9), sen. [21 Januari 1911]
(Bz—-17739) ; Edeling s.n. (Bz--1783%); Forbes 748 (Bz--17869, Bz-
17870); Franck 1019 (W--2126077); H. Hallier 115 (Bz—-17820),
lida (Bz--17818, Bz Bz—-17819, Ca—265965), 77 477 (Bz--1779, Bz--
17750), SMe [ 2h, VIII .1896] (Bz--177]5, Bz--177h6, Ut--53165);
Hochreutiner 723 (Ca--l1175); Koorders 9705b [361%] (Bz—-17887) ,
11075 [55*] (Bz--17906), 1215b (Bz--17897), 14926b [129*] (Bz—
17896), 152h1b [178%] (Bz--1789), Bz--17895), 20653b [1061«]
(Bz--17886), 26277b [310%] (Bz--17898), 2710\b [2h1*] (Bz—17903,
Bz--2575), 30033b. [179%] (Bz--17882, Bz--17883), 30239b (Bz—
1788), Bz--17885), 33957b [76*] (Bz—-17905), 3h0]b [270%] (Bz—-
1790), 34351n [3875*] (B2—17893), lbh77 [LS2] (Bz--18055);
Kramer 333 (Bz--17853); Kuntze 55) (N), 4763 (N), 5166 (N),
5971 (N, , N); Monchy 11 (Bz——17829), 56 (Bz--17828); Plo Ploem s.n.
(Bz—17830, Bz--17831) ; Pulle 3119 (Ut—229, Ut—2l30); | Rant

78 (Ut—30080) ; Sapiin s.n,. [Poent jak] (Bz--178 37) ; Scheffer | Se
n. (Batavia, 5 Oct. 1870] (Bz—-17800), s.n. [Buitenzorg] (Bz—
17798, Bz--17799), sen. [Preanger] (Bz--1778), Bz--17786), Sen.
[Tjibodas] (Bz--17805); Soegandiredjo 60 (Bz--1779, Bz--17795),
78 (Bz—-17755), 194 (Bz—-1775h), 200 (Bz--17753), 256 (Ba—
(17756); Tei jsmann 1338 H.B. (Bz—-18031); Ultée 8 (Bz--17876), 35
(Bz--17731); Van Steenis 1855 (Bz--1806)), 1926 (Bz--18063), 6943
(Bz--17718); Yates 3025 (Ca--343878, La, N); Zippelius 3 (Be
17865), sen. [Java] ~ (Ca—918),86) ; vot eaer 223 (S), 3181 (Ss).
Kangean: “Backer 274,36 (Bz—-17907, Bz--17908), 2 27925 (Bz—17909,
Bz—17910, Bz--17911); Beguin "U" (Bz--17913, Bz--1791), Bz—
17915, Bz--17916); Dommers 86 (Bz--17912). Karimandjaroa: Karta
392 (Bz--17918). Madura: Backer 19939 (Bz--17919). Riouw:
Bunnemeijer 582 (Bz--18018). Sabah: M. K. Clemens 10125 (Ph);
Cuadra A.1007 (W--221083); Elmer 20102 (Bi, Br, Bz—-17689, Ca—
22900, Du--168073, I, Ka--6722h, N, S, Um--90, Ut—8268h), 2002

112 Ens Te L*O'GLs Vol. 2, no.Z

(Bi, Br, Bz--17705, Ca--312126, Du--165)\6h, N, S, Ut--84755); B.
Eyaiealtata 923 (N); Villamil 1h (Ph); D. D. Wood 855 [field no.
160] (Ph), 2529 (Ca--320252). Sarawak: Clemens & | & Clemens 21090
[field no. 5143] (Bz--17702, Bz--17703, N); Native collector 273
(Bz--17692), 1672 (Ca—21\279), 188) (Bz--17690), | sn. [Mt. Poi,
20.10.2711 (Ca-=3272h))) « Singkep: Bunnemeijer 7230 . (Bz--18013) .
Sumatra: Boeea 10109 (Ca--190626, N); Bunnemeijer jer 8063 (Bz——
17976, Bz--58351); Buwalda 6661 (Bz--72568); Collector undesigna-
ted s.n. (Bz--17979) ; Diepenhorst 1338 H.B. (Ut--53395); Gusdorf
251 (Bz--17990) ; Hamel & Toroes 1165 (Bi); Iboet 150 (Bz—-1796k);
Litjeharms 381 (Bz--18009), 4262 (Bz--18009); Voogd 187 (Bz—-
17975); Yates es 1066 (Bz~-17963). LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Bali: Sa-
rip ho (Bz--17920, Bz—-17921). Sumbawa: Rensch 563 (Bz--17922) «
MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Buru: Teijsmann s.n. [Boeroe Kajeli] (Bz—
17933). Timor Laoet: Buwalda 14316 (B: (Bz—-72566). MELANESIA: NEW
GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea: Kanehira & Hatusima 11456 (Bz--18057) ;
Royen 3004 (Ng--20213). Fergusson Island: Brass 27278 (N).
Northeastern New Guinea: Floyd 7288 (Ng--1689)); Fryar 3984 (Bi,
Bz--72701, Ng--16852, Ng—-16870); H Hollrung 817 (Mb); H Hoogland
5006 (Ne-—8323) ; F.R. R. Schlechter 1653 (S). Papua: Brass
3969 (Bz—-15058, N, W--192992), 29348 (N, (N, W--2390939). Province
undetermined: Gigmees & Clanens 1416 (Br, Br). BISMARK ARCHIPEL-
AGO: Mussau: Kgie & Olsen 1670 (Cp). New Hanover: Dissing, Kfgie,
& Olsen 1908 (Ac, Cp). AUSTRALIAN REGION: AUSTRALIA: Queensland:
C. T. White 8979 (N, N, N). CULTIVATED: Australia: Camfield s.n.
[Port Jackson District, 11.1896] (Po--6)816). Belgium: Herb.
Hort. Thenensis I1.691 (Br), II1.805(Br). California: Walther s.
n, [Howard & Smith's Nursery, July 1921] (Gg--31992). France:
Herb. Hort. Huber 798 (Io--30258). India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Cal-
cutt. sen. (Br, Bz—-1803h, Bz—- 18038, Ed, Ed, Mu--9)2, " Mu--967,
Mu--1160, N--photo, N--photo, T, X, X, o-pinto: Zhou Herb.
Lietmamh s.n. [h. Calcutt.] (cp); Yallich 13 (Cp). Java: Bak-

——S= os

son. sen. (Bz--17713, ee tinoett: Herb, Tjibodas myn fe ie
Massachusetts: C. K. Schneider s.n. [Chenault 6622] (Ar——19788).
New York: Teuscher s.n. [Boyce Thompson Arb.] (N). Peru: R.
Ferreyra 8911 V4 ye ~ LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Condes
21 (Bz--17851); Jameson s.n. (Ed, Ed); Monchy 11 ([Kerawang] (Bz: (Bz-
17829), 56 [Kerawang] (Bz—-17828) .

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA f. FLOCCOSA Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11:
645, as C. longifolia@ floccosa]. 187; Bakh. in Lam &

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 113

Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 26. 1921.
Synonymy: Callicarpa lanceolaria Roxb., Hort. Beng. {10}, hy-
ponym. 1814; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1:
409. 1820 [not C. lanceolaria Hort., 1821]. Callicarpa longifolia
L. ex Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 409, in
syn. 1820 [not C. longifolia Benth., 1966, nor Diels, 1916, nor

Hance, 1932, nor Hemsl., 1915, nor Hook., 1932, nor Lam., 1785,
nor "sensu Hemsl.", 1939, nor "sensu L.", 1966, nor "sensu Mori",
1962]. Callicarpa albida Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 1): 818.
1826. Callicarpa longifolia Roxb. apud J. A. & J. H. Schult.,
Mant. 3: 53, in syn. 1827. Callicarpa roxburghiana Schult. in J.
A. & J. H. Schult., Mant. 3: 54. 1827. Callicarpa attenuata
Wall., Numer. List [50], hypvonym. 1829. Callicarpus oblongifolia
Hassk., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Cult. Alt. 136. 18h. Calli-
carpa roxburghiana Roem. & Schult. ex Schau. in A. DC., Prodr.
11: 645, in syn. 1847. Callicarpa oblongifolia Hassk. ex Schau.
in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 645, in syn. 1847. Callicarpa longifolia
var. lanceolaria (Roxb.) C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind.
h: 570. 1885. Callicarpa longifolia var. floccosa Schau. ex
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 503. 1891. Callicarpa longifolia var.
lanceolaria C. B. Clarke apud H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch.
87, in syn. 1919; Chopra, Badhwar, & Ghosh, Poison. Pl. India 2:
696, fig. 175. 1965. Callicarpa longifolia Auct. ex Backer &
Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 601, in syn. 1965.

Bibliography: Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10]. 181); Wall. in Roxb.,
Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 09 & 481. 1820; Blume, Bijdr.
Fl. Nederl. Ind. 1): 818. 1826; J. A. & J. H. Schult., Mant. 3:
53--5. 1827; Wall., Numer. List [50]. 1829; Hassk., Cat. Pl.
Hort. Bot. Bogor. Cult. Alt. 136. 1844; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr.
11: 645. 1847; Benth. & F. Muell., Fl. Austral. 5: 57. 1870; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 570. 1885; Watt, Dict. Eco-
nom. Prof. India 2: 27. 1889; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 503. 1891;
Prain, Bengal Pl., pr. 1, 827. 1903; King & Gamble, Journ. Roy.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7) (25, extra no., 807--808. 1908; H. J. Lam,
Meded. Rijksherb. Leiden 37: 32. 1914; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal-
ay. Arch. 71, 87, [361], & 362. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull.
Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 26-27. 1921; H. J. Lam in Lau-
terb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 90. 192k; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 9: 45. 1938; A. L. & H. N. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 79. 1918;
H.e-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 280, 291, & 311. 1951; Mol-
denke, Phytologia : 121--12h. 1952; Moldenke, Inform. Mold. Set
S1 Spec. 2. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 17h, 175, 177, 179, 182, 186,
187, 189, 191—19h, 196--198, 200, 202, 213, 2h5, & - 1959;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 20, 23, & 2h. 1962; Chopra, Badhwar, &
Ghosh, Poison. Pl. India 2: 696, fig. 175. 1965; Backer & Bakh.,
Fl. Java 2: 601. 1965; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 301.
1966; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong Pl. 37. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 15: 10--13. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 15 (1967) and

114 PEAY? 0 b,.0,G 1h Vol. 21, no. 2

16: 371, 373, & 388. 1968; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot.
Soc. Bengal 22: 199. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17 & 18.
1968; Stearn, Notes & Rec. Roy. Soc. Lond. 2: 8. 1969; M. A.
Rau, Bot. Surv. India 10, Suppl. 2: 61. 1969; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 21: 8 & 49. 1971.

Illustrations: Chopra, Badhwar, & Ghosh, Poison. Pl. India 2:
fig. 175. 1965.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav-
ing the branches and branchlets more or less densely flacescent-—
or canescent-tomentose or canescent-—furfuraceous with branched
hairs, the petioles densely tomentose or furfuraceous, the ieaf-
blades more or less densely stellate-furfuraceous or hoary be-
neath, the peduncles and pedicels densely canescent-furfuraceous
or flavescent-tomentose, the bractlets pubescent, the calyx more
or less densely pubescent or granulose-puberulent, the ovary
densely granular-pulverulent, and the fruiting-calyx varying
from densely puberulent to lightly pulverulent.

Schauer's original (1847) description of this taxon is as fol-
lows: "@ . floccosa, ramulis cum inflorescentiae ramis calyce
foliorumque reti floccoso-tomentosis, foliis adultis super& pa-
gin glabratis infer& vero floccis stellaribus sparsis nunc rari-
oribus nunc crebrioribus indutis quin subcinereo-tomentosis. —-
In India orientali, in insul& Prince of Wales (Roxb. Wall.!), ad
Singapoor (Gaud.!), in Jav& (Thunb.! Blume! Jungh.!), in Manillé
(Gaudich.!), in N. Hollandi& tropic& (R. Br.). C. longifolia
Roxb.! flor, ind. 1 p. 39h, et C. acuminata Roxb. ibid. ex descr.
C. Roxburghiana Roem. et S. syst. mant. p. 54. C. attenuata
Wall. cat. 1835! C. adenanthera R. Br. prodr. fl. nov. holl. 1
p- 369 (ex diagnosi). C. oblongifolia Hassk. hort. bogor. p.
136. C. albida Blume! bijdr. p. 818 (forma fol. lanceolatis an-
gustioribus). Haec forma, priori continuf serie varietatum in-
dumenti connexa, ceterum ab i114 nec habitu nec characteribus
differt."

The C. acuminata Roxb., which Schauer includes in the synonymy
of this form, is actually a synonym of C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn.,
while the C. adenanthera R. Br., which he also includes here, is
a synonym of C. candicans (Burn. f.) Hochr. His Australian record
must therefore be discounted and the R. Brown collection removed
from the list of cotype collections which typify the trinomial.

Recent collectors describe the plant as a bush, subshrub, or
small to tall shrub, 1--5 m. tall, or rarely a small tree, 6--15
m. tall, the trunk usually only about 2 cm. in diameter, but some-
times attaining a girth of 12.8 cm., the leaves dark-green above,
pale-green beneath, the flowers pubescent, buds green, anthers
yellow, and the fruit green when young, white when mature [or
"purple" on Wang 36335, probably an error in transcription]. It
hzs been found in forests, dense or open forests, primary or sec-
ondary forests, evergreen forests or light woods, forests near
boulder creeks, secondgrowth jungles, thickets, open thickets, etc.

CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XVI.

John J. Wurdack
U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution

The current melastome notes are mostly a continuation of
information gathered in European herbaria under the auspices of
the Smithsonian Research Foundation (Phytologia 20: 369-389.
1970). Loans of critical material from same of the museums
visited (BM, BR, C, FI, K, M, OXF, P, W), as well as The New York
Botanical Garden and the Instituto Botanico (Caracas, Venezuela),
are gratefully acknowledged.

ERNESTIA CONFERTIFLORA Wurdack, 8p. nov.

E. minori Gleason, E. pullei Gleason, et E. blackii Brade &
Markgraf affinis, floribus subumbelliforme capitellatis differt.

Suffrutex 0.2-0.4 m altus; ramuli subalato-quadrangulati
sicut folia inflorescentia hypanthiaque densiuscule glandulosi-
pilosuli pilis gracilibus erectis 0.3-1(-1.3) mm longis. Petioli
0.3-1 cm longi; lamina (1.2-)2-3 X (0.5-)0.8-2 cm elliptica vel
obovato-elliptica apice late acuto vel rotundato basi acuta,
firme membranacea et distanter appresso-serrulata, trinervata.
Inflorescentia terminalis capitellata (3-)6-15-flora, bracteis
ca. 0.8-1 cm longis subtenta; flores 4-meri breviter (ca. 1 m)
pedicellati, bracteolis 2-3 X 0.6-1 m oblongis persistentibus.
Hypanthium (ad torum) 4-4.5 mm longum; calycis lobi 2 X 1.4 m
oblongo-ovati intus apicem versus sparse glanduloso-setulosi.
Petala 6-7 X 4-4.5 mm elliptico-rhomboidea apice late acuta vel
rotundata setula unica glandulifera 0.3-0.7 mm longa terminata.
Stamina dimorphica glabra; filamenta 5.2-5.7 vel 4-5 mm longa;
antherarum thecae 5-5.5 vel 4-4.2 X 0.4 mm subulatae, poro
ventraliter inclinato; connectivum usque ad filamenti inserti-
onem 1.2-1.8 vel 0.6-0.7 mm prolongatum in staminibus maioribus
ad basim dorsaliter tuberculatum, appendicibus duabus ventralibus
aristiformibus 3 vel 2.3-3.5 mm longis in staminibus maioribus
basim versus ca. 0.6 mm inflatis. Stigma punctiforme; stylus
glaber 11-12 X 0.2-0.3 mm; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum; semina
0.7-0.8 X 0.6 mm manifeste (ca. 0.1 m) muriculata.

Type Collection: W. A. Egler 47644 (holotype US 2400281;
isotype NY), collected in soil-filled depression on large
granitic outcrop at Roche Mon Pere, 3° 33' N, 52° 5' W, Rio
Olapoque, Terr. Amapa, Brazil, 17 Aug. 1960. "Subshrub; leaves
glutinous; flowers pink."

Paratypes (all Amapéd, Brazil): Ph. v. Luetzelburg 20273
(M) and 20398 (M), both from "Roche Monpére"; Pires, Rodrigues &
Irvine O and 51143 (NY), both from rocks below Porto Platon,
Rio Araguari; Pires & Westra 48819, from granitic outcrop near
Mt. Carupina, Rio Olapoque.

Ernestia minor has cordulate 5-nerved leaf blades, lax few-

115

116 Poe Tt OL OG a8 Vol. 21, no. 2

flowered inflorescences, and flowers with linear-lanceate sepals
(3 X 0.6-0.8 mm) and non-inflated ventral appendages on the
stamens; E. pullei has 5-nerved leaf blades with rounded bases,
well-developed panicles, and oblong-subulate calyx lobes; and E.
blackii (ex char.) has flowers in foliose panicles, connectives
long-produced in the large stamens, and styles glandular-pilose.
All three suggested relatives share with E. confertiflora the
feature of glabrous 3-celled ovaries; the other two species of
Ernestia having this ovarial feature, E. glandulosa Gleason and
E. cordifolia Berg ex Triana, are more distantly related.

TIBOUCHINA RIGIDULA (Naud.) Wurdack, comb. nov.

Lasiandra rigidula Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot. 13:
150. 1850.

Cogniaux evidently followed Triana's lead in synonymizing
Naudin's species under T. aemula (pe. ) Cogn.; the latter is
quite a different species vegetatively and in floral structure.
Naudin's remarks about the affinities with Lasiandra fontanesiana
(Bonpl.) DC. are quite true. ‘The species may be characterized by
the finely strigulose upper leaf surfaces (not at all bullate),
roughened erect hairs on the lower leaf surfaces, slightly
roughened hypanthial hairs, moderately villose-lanate (the hairs
caducously gland-tipped) filaments, and the nearly glabrous
style; probably the best placement in Cogniaux' monograph would
be (ex char.) near T. formosa Cogn. The type locality for T.
rigidula, "Villa Principe", is equivalent to present-day Serro
in Minas Gerais between Itabira and Diamantina; a recent collec-
tion from the same region is Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 20331
(Serra do Cipé, km 132 ca. 153 km north of Belo Horizonte).
Macbride photograph 36149 is of the holotype of Lasiandra
rigidula, the collection without number; a duplicate (P) has the
St. Hilaire number Bl 996.

Incidentally, I am exceedingly skeptical that T. aemula,
T. valtheri Cogn., and T. adamantinensis Brade can be distin-
guished from one another; indeed, one Vauthier collection cited
by Cogniaux as T. aemula (Vauthier s.n., P) comes from the type
locality, Marianna (M. Gerais) of T. valtheri; at Paris I noted
that Mexia 5703 and 5788 are good matches for the type collectim
of T. valtheri. Unfortunately no detailed notes were taken at
Munich on the holotype (Macbride photograph 6347) of T. aemula.

TIBOUCHINA VIMINEA (D. Don) Cogn.

The only Don-annotated material seen is a specimen in the
Fielding Herbarium at Oxford, also annotated by Joseph Hooker;
the locality data are "Brazil" and "Liverpool"(?), with no
collector indicated. At Munich are two sheets of cultivated
material (Presl Herb. s.n. and Hort. Monac. s.n.), both showing
somewhat more robust plants than the Oxford collection. A wild
collection which is an excellent match for the Fielding Hertrium
specimen is L. B. Smith 1532 (Soberbo-Guapy, Organ Mountains,
Rio de Janeiro).

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 13:7

MONOCHAETUM MAGDALENENSE Wurdack, sp. nov.

Sect. Grischowiea. M. meridensi (Karst.) Naud. in floribus
affinis, trichomatibus barbellatis foliis 7-9-plinervatis
hypanthiis glabris differt. M. laxifolio Gleason in tricho-
matibus affinis, foliis maioribus hypanthiis glabris staminibus
minoribus sterilibus differt.

Frutex 1.5-3 m3; rami robusti acute tetragoni sicut petioli
foliaque sparse vel modice strigulosi (ramis demm glabratis)
pilis plerumque 0.5-1 mm longis basim versus modice barbellatis
(basi ipse substellata) apicem versus laevibus; ramorum inflores-
centiarumque nodi dense setosi pilis gracilibus 2-4 mm longis.
Petioli 1.5-3.5 ecm longi; lamina 6-12 X 3-5.5 cm elliptico-ovata
apice acuto basi obtusa vel rotundata, integra et firme chartaea,
breviter 7-9-plinervata pari interiore 0.5-l cm supra basin
divergenti. Panicula 10-28 cm longa multiflora, ramis princi-
palibus tetragonis nodis exceptis subglabris, ramulis glabris,
bracteis 1-2.5 cm longis ellipticis mox caducis, bracteolis 0.4-
0.8 X 0.2-0.35 cm mox caducis ciliolatis alioqui glabris,
pedicellis 0.3-0.4 cm longis glabris. Hypanthium 8-9 X 3 m
glabrum; calycis lobi 7-7-4 X 3-4 mm lanceati vel ovato-lanceati
breviter modiceque ciliolati alioqui glabri; torus extus
plerumque in quoque sinu calycino pilis 1-2 gracilibus 0.5-1 m
longis armatus. Petala 12-15 X 12 m obovata, apice late obtuso
et setula unica 0.5-0.7 mm longa mox caduca armato. Stamina
dimorphica glabra. Stamina maiora: filamenta 5.2-9 mm longa;
thecae 11.5-12 X 1 m, connectivo ca. 1 m prolongato, appendice
dorsali 3-3.5 X 0.6 X 0.8 mm. Stamina minora: filamenta 9-10
mm longa; thecae 5-5.3 X 0.25 m steriles, appendice dorsali
1.4-2.2 X 0.2-0.4 X 0.7-1 mm complanata. Stigma punctiforme;
stylus glaber 19.5-20 X 0.6-0.7 mm; ovarium apicem versus
densiuscule strigosum pilis gracilibus barbellatis usque ad 1.8
mm longis.

Type Collection: S. Dfaz Piedrahita 165 (holotype
US 2582690A; isotype COL), from cloud forest, "Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta, Parque Nacional de Santa Marta, Cuchilla de San
Lorenzo, alrededores del Centro Forestal," Depto. Magdalena,
Colombia, elev. 2300 m, 19 June 1969. "Pétalos lila; filamentos
blancos; estambres amarillos; pistilo roja; caliz purpura.

Hojas verde limon."

Paratypes (all topotypical): Gonzalo Aguirre-S. 601 (US,
COL); Gustavo Lozano-C. 997 (US, COL); W. Seifriz 102 (US).

Monochaetum meridense shows stamen dimorphism similar to
that in M. magdalenense, but has smooth trichomes, 5-plinerved
leaves, and sparsely strigulose hypanthia. Monochaetum
laxifolium has barbellate pubescence, but much smaller leaf
blades, sparsely strigulose hypanthia, eciliate sepals, and
Subisomorphic stamens which are all fertile. Monochaetum
uberrimm Sandwith, the holotype of which (K) has been examined,
differs from M. dalenense in the smooth hairs, smaller 5-
plinerved leaves (out perhaps immature on the holotype), sparsely
strigulose hypanthia, relatively longer appendages on the large
stamen connectives, and at least semifertile small stamens.

118 PHYTOL? Gres Vol. 21, no. 2

Directly involved with M. wbereuum are two recent Magdalena
collections (Romero Castaneda oot from San Sebastian de Rabago;
Cuatrecasas & Romero Castaneda 24706, from Cancurua), with
smooth pubescence, large leaves, glabrous hypanthia, and semi-
sterile anthers in the smaller stamens; further study seems
stymied until topotypical collections of M. uberrimum appear.
For the present, the strongly roughened pubescence of M.
magdalenense distinguishes it from all other taxa with deciduous
sepals treated by Gleason (and also M. gleasonianum Wurdack)
except M. laxifolium (Am. Jour. Bot. 16: 519-522. 1929).

GRAFFENRIEDA URIBEI Wurdack, sp. nov.

G. tamanae Wurdack affinis, foliorum laminis ad basim in
petiolos decurrentibus subtus pilis simplicibus sparse armatis
floribus sessilibus differt.

Rami robusti sicut folia inflorescentia hypanthiaque modice
appresso=squamulosi glabrati. Petioli 2.5-3 cm longi robusti ob
laminas decurrentes apicem versus anguste alati; lamina 1-45 x
8-34 em elliptica vel elliptico-ovata apice acuto vel obtuso
basi late acuta vel obtusa, subcoriacea et integra, supra demum
glabrata, subtus in superficie densiuscule resinoso-glandulosa
et sparse pilis laevibus 0.7-1.3(-2) mm longis induta, breviter
(1-2 em) 5-plinervata (pari exteriore debili inframarginali
neglecto) nervis secundariis 0.5-1 cm inter se distantibus
venulis subtus laxe obscureque reticulatis (areolis 2-5 mm
latis). Panicula usque ad 51 cm longa multiflora e basi furcata
vel longe pedunculata; flores 4-meri sessiles, bracteolis ca.
1.5 mm longis ovato-oblongis mox caducis. Hypanthium (ad torum)
3 mm longum indistincte 8-costatum; calyx in alabastris clausus
conicus tenuis demum in lobis (3-)4 ovatis 1-1.5 m longis
persistentibus dehiscens. Petala glabra 3-3.6 X 2-2.2 mm
oblongo-obovata, apice obtuso vel rotundato et inconspicue
mucronato. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 2-2.2 mm
longa; thecae 3.3-3.4 X 0.8 mm, poro 0.3 mm diam. ventraliter
inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum, dente dorsali subulato
acuto 0.7-0.8 mm longo. Stigma punctiforme; stylus 7.6-8 X
O.4-0.15 mm glaber; ovarium 4-loculare, apice rotundato et
paulo (0.2 mm) emarginato.

Collection: Lorenzo Uribe Uribe 5638 (holotype
US 2574327A, 2574328A), collected in dark damp forest ca. 4 km
northeast of Arcabuco, Depto. Boyaca, Colombia, elev. 2700 m,
8 June 1966. "Arbusto hasta de 4.5 m de altura. Cada rama es
vertical y sencilla; o hay ramificacion hacia la mitad con ramas
de nueva verticales. Flores con péetalos blancos y estambres de
color amarillo claro."

Graffenrieda tamana has leaf blades which are basally
nerved and not decurrent on the petioles, as well as pedicellate
flowers; the other close relative, G. emarginata (R. & P.)
Triana has basally cordulate leaf blades and defined granulose-
pinoid pubescence. From both species, G. uribei differs in the
sparse simple pubescence on the lower leaf surfaces. Arcabuco
evidently is a pocket of species endemicity (see also Monochaetun

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 119

uribei subsp. arcabucense Wurdack) which Padre Uribe is sampling
admirably.

MICONIA AMACURENSIS Wurdack

Wachenheim 100 (P), from Crique Jacques, French Guiana,
agrees with Venezuelan and Brazilian collections of M. amacurensis
in all essential features, differing only in the shallowly and
distantly undulate-denticulate leaf margins. This collection
gives M. amacurensis a more continuous known distribution along
the aretapear th coast of South America (Phytologia 18: 150.
1969).

MICONIA INAEQUALIFOLIA Triana

The holotype (K) is comparable with several recent Colombian
(Schultes & Cabrera 16685 and 19825, both from Jinogojée, Rfo
Apaporis, Amazonas-Vaupes, fruiting) and Brazilian (Krukoff 8936
from Sao Paulo de Olivenga, Amazonas, in bud) collections. The
Brazilian material was mentioned by Gleason in the original
description of M. filamentosa Gleason and indeed that species
may well be only a minor variant of M. inaequalifolia with leaf
blades 3-nerved and tapering to a narrowly rotund base. WNo
floral differences are evident between the species, the ovaries
of both being predominantly 3-celled despite Gleason's descrip-
tion (Bull. Torrey Club 65: 579. 1938). The Colombian collec-
tions of M. inaequalifolia had earlier been cited by me under
M. filamentosa (Rhodora 65: 19. 1963). Another variant in this
complex (with slightly larger flowers, more prominent external
calyx teeth, and slightly different connective appendages on
the large stamens, but foliage as in M. filamentosa) has twice
been collected in subandean Colombia (Rfo Ortequaza, Caqueta,
Cuatrecasas & Soderstrom 27146; Solano, Putumayo, Little & Little
g7he) and should perhaps also be compared (ex char.) with
M. sprucei Triana.

MICONIA IBAGUENSIS (Bonpl.) Triana
i Clidemia virgata Pittier, Bol. Soc. Ven. Cienc. Nat. 11:
24. 1947.

Strangely enough, both sheets (US, VEN) examined of Pittier
13020 had been correctly determined by Pittier in Miconia, the
description in Clidemia thus an apparent lapsus; the Caracas
specimen shows young lateral growth overtopping the morpho-
logically truly terminal inflorescence. As is to be noted in
detail elsewhere, the Bonpland holotype of M. ibaguensis was
actually collected in Hio. Sucre, Venezuela, rather than
Colombia.

MICONIA MACDANIELII Wurdack, sp. nov.
Ut videtur M. decipienti Cogn. in pubescentiae forma
affinis, foliis non plinervatis manifestius petiolatis differt.
Ramuli primum sulcato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut
petioli foliorum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypan-
thiaque dense stellato-puberuli pilis sessilibus ca. 0.25 m

120 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 2

diam. Petioli 4-5.5 cm longi robusti; lamina 25-30 X 10-14 cm,
rigide membranacea et integra, stellato-ciliata, oblongo-
elliptica apice breviter (1-1.5 cm) gradatim angusteque acumi-
nato basi late acuta, supra glabra (in nervis primariis caduce
stellato-puberula), subtus densiuscule persistenterque stellato-
puberula pilis ca. 0.8 mm diam., 5-nervata nervis secundariis
ca. 5-7 mm inter se distantibus nervis tertiariis subtus paulo
elevatis nervulis planis areolis ca. 0.6-0.8 mm latis. Panicula
multiflora 17-25 X 20 cm, ramis primariis oppositis ramlis
sparse glanduloso-setulosis (setulis glanduliferis 0.5-0.8 mm
longis, demm caducis?), bracteis ovato-ellipticis 8-12 m
longis valde caducis, bracteolis ca. 4-5 X 1 mm valde caducis;
flores 5-meri ad ramulorum apices plerumque terni, pedicellis
craspis 0.5-1 mm longis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca. 3.7 m
longum; calycis tubus 0.3-0.4 mm altus, lobis interioribus 0.4-
0.5 mm longis triangularibus, dentibus exterioribus adnatis non
eminentibus. Petala 2-2.2 X 1.4-1.8 mm obovata (apice rotundato)
glabra vel apicem versus ad margines obscure stellulato-
ciliolata. Stamina in forma isomorphica in dimensionibus

paulo dimorphica glabra; filamenta 5-5.5 vel 3.2-3.5 mm longa;
antherarum thecae 4 vel 3.3-3.6 X 0.4 m paulo subulatae et
curvatae, poro unico minuto; connectivum non prolongatum
ventraliter per 0.5-0.6 mm thecae basibus coalitum. Stigma
paulo expansum 0.6 mm diam.; stylus glaber 10 X 0.4 m in
ovarii apicem 0.3-0.4 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare, 3 inferun,
apice setulis sparsis glanduliferis 0.1-0.3 mm longis armato.

Type Collection: Sidney McDaniel 10833 (holotype
US 2562681), collected in non-inundated river bank forest at
Intuto, Rfo Tigre, Depto. Loreto, Peru, elev. 160m, 9 Aug.
1968. "Shrub to 5 m; corolla white."

Paratype (topotypical): McDaniel 10780 (fruiting),

k Aug. 1968.

Miconia decipiens, endemic to Colombia (Antioquia), has
5-plinerved leaf blades with short (ca. 1 cm long) petioles, as
well as glabrous ovary apices. The general vegetative aspect
and stamens of M. macdanielii are rather like those in M.
stelligera Cogn. sens. lat., which has rather smaller leaf
blades with sparser lower surface pubescence, a somewhat
different inflorescence pattern, petals moderately stellulate-
puberulous outside, and moderately stellulate-puberulous ovary
apices; also there is a different size distribution of vegeta-
tive pubescence, even considering the variants earlier discussed
by me (Phytologia 9: 417. 1964). Vegetatively, especially in
leaf venulation (but not in reproductive features), M. dispar
Benth. (with however denser foliar pubescence) resembles M.
macdanielii. In the Flora of Peru, M. macdanielii would
perhaps key to near M. zubenetana Macbride, which really is not
closely related, having leaf blades essentially glabrous except
for the very fine stellulate hairs on the primary veins beneath,
smaller flowers, and basally prolonged anther connectives. The
taxonomic impprtance of the glandular inflorescence hairs is
perhaps minimal, such hairs being almost completely absent in

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 121

the fruiting paratype.

MICONIA SHATTUCKII Standley

Long considered endemic to Barro Colorado Island, Panama
(a recent topotype being Ebinger 198), M. shattuckii is now
recorded for Colombia (Haught 4927, from Turbo, Antioquia, elev.
200 m). ‘The recent collections have provided floral details:
hypanthium 2-2.3 mm long, sparsely puberulous with pinoid hairs
0.1-0.2 mm long; calyx tube 0.5 mm long, the broadly ovate
interior lobes 0.2 mm high, the minute external teeth infra-
marginal; torus within sparsely glandular-puberulous; petals
4,2-4.3 X 2.3 mm, obovate-oblong with rounded apex, glabrous;
stamens isomorphic, glabrous; filaments 3 mm long; thecae 1.9-
2 X 0.6 X 0.5 m, oblong, with a minute dorsally tipped pore;
connective neither prolonged nor appendaged; stigma truncate,
not expanded; style 5.3 X 0.4 m, sparsely glandular-puberulous
(the hairs ca. 0.2 mm long) at the base; ovary 5-celled, 3/4
inferior, with a sparsely glandular-puberulous apex. The
flexuous cauline hairs are sparsely barbellate and very minutely
and caducously gland-tipped. Obviously M. shattuckii should be
Placed in Sect. Amblyarrhena and in Cogniaux'’ Monograph would
key to ca. species 361-363, differing from all these in vegeta-
tive and floral details.

MICONIA OBSCURA (Bonpl.) Dc. .

Miconia trichrona Macbride, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 4: 183.
1929.
The type (Bonpland ex herb. Adrien Jussieu, P) and isotype
(P) of M. obscura, not annotated by Naudin, Triana, or Cogniaux,
have been compared with an isot (US) of M. trichrona.
Weberbauer 6309 (Cajamarca, Peru) and Maguire & Maguire 44360
(Zamora, Ecuador) match the isotype of M. obscura. The species
is very closely related to M. capitellata Cogn., which has
sparsely barbellate (rather than essentially smooth) cauline
pubescence, obtusely based plinerved (rather than rounded and
basally nerved) leaf blades with somewhat finer pubescence on
the upper surfaces, and larger flowers (anthers 2.1-2.3 mm long,
dry, rather than 1.2-1.5[-1.7] mm; petals 2-2.1 mm wide rather
than 1.5-1.8 mm; stigma 1 mm diam., rather than 0.5-0.7 mm). A
ood match for the type of M. capitellata (P) is Jameson s. n.
(us). In both species, the style is loose-strigulose, the fila-
ments glabrous or very sparsely glandular-puberulous on the
adaxial side, and the ovary apex moderately setulose. The
hierarchal resolutions of other parts of this complex, including
M. aggregata Gleason and M. hamata Cogn., are still pending.

The species problem had been discussed in Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
16(1): 20-21. 1967.

CLIDEMIA CAPITELLATA (Bonpl.) D. Don
Clidemia neglecta D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 307. 1823.
Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don var. neglecta (Don) L.
Wms., Fieldiana Bot. 29: 556. 1963.

122 PoluY cf 04h. 0.G.1.4 Vol. 21, no. 2

After considerable meandering through the large specimen
welter in this complex, supplemented by examination of Bonpland's
(P) and Don's (MA, OXF) type collections, I cannot see any real
differences in the two taxa. As mentioned by Williams, C.
neglecta is intermediate between C. capitellata and C. dependens
Don, but his key characters of inflorescence branching and
underleaf pubescence do not obtain for the type collections.

For C. capitellata in the Flora de Venezuela, only the typical
variety, var. dependens (Don) Macbride, and var. leyelii Wurdack
will be recognized. Among modern collections, the best matches
(all US) for the types are: C. capitellata var. capitellata,
Uribe 3727, from Guaduas (old trail to Honda, the type locality}
Cundinamarca, Colombia; C. neglecta, Buchtien 1149, Mapiri
region, Bolivia; C. dependens, Tonduz L561, Boruca, Costa Rica
and Prance, Rodrigues, Ramos, & Farias 8857, Mutumparand,
Rondonia, Brazil. Some collections from over a wide geographic
range have smaller flowers in very well branched inflorescences
and perhaps will require further infraspecific recognition.

For the present, Naudin's comments (Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot.
17: 317. 1852) are echoable: "quod tamen posteris solvendum
relinquimus."

The location of the Pavon holotypes of the melastomes
described by David Don remains problematic. At both the British
Museum (Natural History) and Oxford (Fielding Herbarium) are
specimens annotated with Don's binomials and "D. Don in Wern.
Trans."; the minute handwriting is not that of David Don and has
not been immediately identifiable (personal correspondence) by
Mrs. Hortense Miller from her research on the Lambert Herbarium
(Taxon 19: 489-553. 1970). ‘Thus the current references to Don's
type collections are to presumed isotypes. Don's personal
herbarium went to the Linnean Society in London but subsequently
was purchased by von Martius (Lot 254, Catal. Nat. Hist. Colls.
sold by the Linnean Society through J. C. Stevens) on Nov. 10,
1863. However, none of the critical melastome specimens were
found at either Brussels or Munich during my European trip in
1969-70, so perhaps Don did not incorporate such materials into
his personal collection from his tenure as curator of the
Lambert Herbarium. On one of the two Fielding Herbarium iso-
types of Clidemia neglecta was penciled (by Mrs. Clokie?)

"Herb. Prescott"; Mrs. Miller is inclined to believe (because
of the date of Prescott's death) that this sheet probably did
not come originally from Don or Lambert. Investigation into
the melastome facet of the Lambert-Don history is being
continued by Mrs. Miller.

CLIDEMIA STRIGILLOSA (Sw.) DC.

Clidemia umbonata DC., Prodr. 3: 158. 1828.

From the pubescence, well-developed interior calyx lobes
and external teeth, non-prolonged anther connectives, and
glandular-setulose ovary apices, the Martius type (m) of C.
umbonata seems to represent a form of C. strigillosa with lax
fruiting inflorescences. The type collection is from Nogueira,

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 123

the Macbride photograph (6439) being of another gathering.
Some of the central Brazilian material cited by Cogniaux as

C. wmbonata really represents a dodecandrous relative of

C. bullosa DC. (sensu Wurdack); a phytogeographic aberrancy of
this undescribed taxon has also been collected in Venezuela (El
Paito, Carabobo, B. Trujillo 4835-Herb. Maracay). Because of
complications with C. biserrata DC. (the current Brazilian
specimens, including collections cited by Cogniaux, showing
stamen numbers of 10-15 and ovary apices sparsely glandular-
setulose as well as stellulate-puberulous) and C. bullosa
(pleiostemonous, with ovary apices lacking glandular setulae),
this taxon (including Braga 1048 from Parana, Pohl 1172 from

Minas Gerais, and Macedo 1449 from Goias in Brazil; Rojas 3649

and (Es Cristobal, & Ahumada 14257 from Paraguay;
Trujillo 35, vide supra) has not been further evaluated.

CLIDEMIA URCEOLATA DIC.

As already indicated, C. neglecta D. Don is part of the
C. capitellata complex. However, the species treated by
Cogniaux as C. "neglecta" is distinct and well typified by the
Martius collection (M) of C. urceolata from Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. The Raddi collections (FI) cited (Mem. Mod. 20: 161.
1829) as Leandra strigillosa (Sw.) Raddi are actually C.
urceolata, rather than (as cited by Cogniaux in synonymy)
C. umbonata DC. In typical form, the species is known from
Honduras (Molina 328, 10096, 14133; Williams & Molina 23255;
Meyer 9920), British Honduras (Bartlett 11300; Lundell 6870;
Hunt 210), Panama (Ebinger 424), Cuba, Venezuela (Carabobo,
Nueva Esparta, Bolfvar), Trinidad, Colombia, and most of
southeastern Brazil. Upland Guayana Highland (Venezuela) and
Santander (Colombia) collections are aberrant (and probably
infraspecifically distinct), having upper leaf surfaces
moderately stellulate-puberulous and very sparsely glandular-
setulose, lower leaf surfaces and hypanthia very densely
stellate-puberulous, and ovary apices very inconspicuously
glandular-setulose. The species is distinguishable from the
forms of C. capitellata with much-branched inflorescences by
the inconspicuous subulate to narrowly oblong inflorescence
bracteoles and denser glandular pubescence.

CLIDEMIA PUSTULATA DC.

For the Flora de Venezuela, Cogniaux' interpretation of
Cc. tulata is being followed, although I have seen no recent
Brazilian (or other) collections exactly comparable to the
holotype (M); Martius’ specimen shows hypanthia very densely
glandular-setulose (ca. 1 mm), external calyx teeth projecting
ca. 1 m, corolla sparsely glandular-setulose (0.2-0.3 mm)
externally, stamens (perhaps malformed in the one flower
examined) with connective barely (0.2-0.3 mm) prolonged, and
S-celled ovary 2/3 inferior and moderately glandular-setulose
(0.5-0.6 mm) apically. ‘The Cogniaux concept encompasses
material from Costa Rica (Skutch 4094; Pittier 10561, 12001),

12) P HE EQ LO, Geb aht Vol. 21, near

Panama ( Qliver, & rtson 1330; Allen 2509), Colombia
(Uribe Ko6L), Venezuela (Boltrar), Trinidad, Tobago, Guyana,
and Brazil (Roraima). Probably C. pustulata sensu Cogniaux is
only varietally distinct from C. urceolata, differing in the
short even cauline and foliar pubescence and slightly smaller
flowers with short external calyx teeth; decisive naming of
specimens between the two taxa is often difficult. Both C.
urceolata and C. tulata have a yellow pigment (from the
glandular hair tips?) often staining newsprint and herbarium
sheets, a feature not seen in related species.

CLIDEMIA NOVEMNERVIA (DC.) Triana var. AFFINIS (Naud.) Wurdack,
comb. nov.

Staphidium affine Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot. 17:
313. 1852.

Clidemia affinis (DC.) Cogn., Mart. Fl. Bras. 14(4): 493,
iil 10h, Plime 1888.

Gleason (Brittonia 1: 167. 1932) treated both C.
novemnervia and C. affinis as synonyms of C. umbonata (vide
supra sub C. strigillosa); however both taxa are characterized
by the stamen connectives prolonged 0.7-1.2 mm (but not append-
aged) and the ovary apices stellulate-puberulous but without
prominent glandular setulae, thus differing from both C.
strigillosa (Sw.) DC. and C. urceolata DC.-C. pustulata IC.
The holotype of C. novemnervia (P) was collected by Ferreira
in Brazil and is well matched by Schultes & Cabrera 12714
(Soratama, Rfo Apaporis, Amazonas-Vaupes, Colombia). The
typical variety is characterized by the essentially sessile
flowers with the hypanthium ca. 3 mm long, the interior calyx
lobes 1.2-2 mm long and the external teeth projecting 1.3-2 mm,
the ovary apex with an abrupt densely stellulate-puberulous
collar 0.4-0.5 mm long; var. affinis has the flowers usually on
evident slender pedicels, the hypanthium ca. 2.5 mm long, the
interior calyx lobes 0.4-0.7 mm long and the external teeth
projecting 0.3-0.8 mm, the conic ovary apex with a scarcely
differentiated sparsely stellulate-puberulous collar 0.3 mm
high. Some intermediates exist between the varieties, which
however are generally well-marked. Cogniaux' C. affinis var.
angustifolia does not merit recognition. The typical variety
of C. novemnervia has a disjunct range: British Honduras,
Colombia (Santander, Vaupés, Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas,
Bolfvar), Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Rondénia). ‘The Central
American population (C. reticulata Gleason, Brittonia 3: 110.
1939) (also including Nicaragua fide Williams, the Standley
collection not seen by me) was treated in the Flora of
Guatemala (see also Fieldiana Bot. 29: 560. 1963) as a synonym
of C. strigillosa; the latter is known to me from much of
Central America (Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama).

CLIDEMIA EPIBATERIUM DC.
The original description cited obtuse petals and auricled

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 125

anther bases; examination of the holotype (M) and the Geneva
fragments (G-DC, with separate open flower) shows, however:
petals oblong-lanceate, rounded at the apex, 2.5 X 0.6 m,
externally sparsely setulose on the carina, with an external
infra-apical setulose mucro O.7-1 mm long; anther connectives
not ac ig 7 not or barely (0.1 mm) prolonged. Recent

Venezuelan parmek 75362, Bernardi 2662, Steyermark 90258
all Edo. Bolfvar), Colombian (McDaniel 11420 Depto. Amazonas

and Peruvian (Killip & Smith 2 Loreto) collections agree
with the Martius collection from ' o dos Miranhas, Rio Negro

in regione Japurensi." Cogniaux thought that C. epibaterium Ic.
var. parvifolia Cogn. might prove to be a distinct species
rather than a foliar variant; however an isotype (Spruce 2239,
NY) shows flowers exactly like those of Steyermark 75362.
Placement of this species in Clidemia is perhaps problematic
and Ossaea duckeana Hoehne is probably synonymous; similar
petals also are found in Ossaea boliyiensis (Cogn.) Gleason,
as well as Leandra aristigera (Naud.) Cogn. Certainly Maguire
23228, distributed as O. duckeana, is conspecific with C.
epibaterium, the US sheet of this Kaieteur Plateau collection
however having larger leaves and inflorescences than usual.

CLIDEMIA GLOBULIFLORA (Cogn.) L. Wms.
C. reflexa Gleason, Brittonia 3: 119. 1939.

CLIDEMIA SPECTABILIS Gleason
9 Maieta setosissima Suessenguth, Bot. Jahrb. 72(2): 277.
1942.

As previously alluded (Phytologia 19: 194. 1969), the
correct synonymy for the two Costa Rican species of Clidemia
requires adjustment. I have since seen the holotypes of both
Cogniaux' and Suessenguth's species (Pittier 207-BR and Kupper
Tl2-M, respectively) and have confirmed that the reshuffling
above cited is correct and not that suggested earlier (Fieldiana
Bot. 29: 556. 1963). Also examined for C. globuliflora were
two specimens of Pittier 3 (G-BOISS), which have the same
locality and collection date as Pittier 207 and are probably
the same gathering (see DC. Mon. Phan. 7: 1192. 1891; Macbride
Photograph 36847).

CLIDEMIA JAPURENSIS DC. var. HETEROBASIS (DC.) Wurdack, comb.
nov.
Clidemia heterobasis DC., Prodr. 3: 164. 1828.

Oxymeris heterobasis (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot.
28: 95. 1871 :

Leandra heterobasis (DC.) Cogn., Mart. Fl. Bras. 14(4):
193. 1886.

Clidemia naevula (Naud.) Triana p. p.

The original material seen by de Candolle was a mixture
(as was his description), Cogniaux later recognizing Leandra
solenifera Cogn. for the element with 6-merous secund flowers;
the leaf in the Prodromus herbarium is of L. solenifera. The

126 Pp os Oo re Vol. 2, no. 2

residual element (Martius s. n., M- Macbride photograph 6416; a
separate leaf apparently from this collection is on the holotype
sheet of Clidemia inaequalifolia DC, a distinct species now
placed in Leandra) in Clidemia heterobasis is actually the same
as C. naeyula (Naud.) Triana sensu Cogniaux and Gleason
(Brittonia 1: 165. 1932), having a dense cauline pubescence of
only gland-tipped hairs less than 1 mm long. One syntype
(Ferreira 8. n., P, Macbride photograph 36347, cited by Naudin
as collected by Bonpland) conforms to the Cogniaux-Gleason
criteria for C. naevula; however, another syntype, Schomburgk
41/72 (P), showing a Naudin dissection sketch, has the longer
eglandular hairs characteristic of typical C. japurensis. I é
doubt that typical C. japurensis was collected on the Rio Japura,
the Martius specimen (despite the holotype label) probably
being from the lowermost Amazon. The typical variety is known
by many collections only from eastern Venezuela and Brazil
(Para), var. heterobasis from Amazonian Colombia and Peru to
British Guiana (also in Nicaragua and Costa Rica). A note on
these complexities was published earlier in Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 10(5): 182. 1964.

CLIDEMIA HETERONERVIS (Naudin) Wurdack, comb. nov.

Sagraea heteronervis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot.
18: 98. 1852.

Ossaea heteronervis (Naudin) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 28: 16. 1871.

Examination of the holotype (Gay s. n., P; Macbride photo-
graph 36318) has shown lance-oblong petals with a rounded apex
and a single infra-apical setula 0.5 mm long. In both vegeta-
tive and reproductive features, the relations are with C.
bernardii Wurdack and its allies (Phytologia 19: 196-197.
1969). Of these relatives, the closest seems to be C.
piperifolia Gleason, the Peruvian species differing in the
bulla setulae of the upper leaf surfaces 0.8-1 mm long (rather
than 0.2 mm), the cauline and petiolar hairs ca. 1.8 m long
(rather than 0.6-1 mm), and the ovary apex glabrous (rather than
moderately fine-setulose). As in Leandra aristigera (Naud.)
Cogn., Gay*s specimen surely did not come from "environs de
Lima", but probably Depto. Cuzco.

HENRIETTELLA SEEMANNIIT Naudin

H. hispidula Cogn., Bot. Jahrb. 8: 30. 1887.

Examination of the holotype (P) and isosyntypes (US) of
both species revealed no differences, the slight leaf shape gap
easily bridged in recent Central American collections. The
typical element of the species ranges from Costa Rica and
Panama to Colombia (Antioquia, El Valle, Cauca), collections
from elsewhere in Colombia and Ecuador being at least sub-
specifically distinct. Henriettella goudotiana Naud. is closely
related to H. seemannii but differs in the more obvious stellate
bases of the foliar hairs, shorter (averaging 0.4-0.6 mm rather
than ca. 1.3 mm) simple tips of the stellate-based hypanthial

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Mélastomataceis 127

hairs, and shorter (ca. 2 mm long dry, rather than ca. 2.5 m)
anthers with broader (equalling the anther width) pores; the
petals of both species are puberulent externally. Recent
collections of H. goudotiana comparable with the holotype (P)
and isotype (r1) are Garcia-Barriga 11704 (Cundinamarca) and
Little 7313 (Huile).

HENRIETTELLA OVATA Cogn.

H. longistyla Ule, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 366.
1915.

H. micrantha Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 58: 414. 1931.

None of Ule's criteria for distinction are applicable, as
may be seen in the ample series from both north and south of
the Amazon (the latter chiefly collected by Irwin and his
colleagues). Gleason had already published the synonymization
of H. micrantha (Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 143. 1953). The
species ranges from eastern Colombia (Meta, Vichada) and
Venezuela (Bolfvar, Amazonas) to Brazil (Roraima, Para,
Maranhao, Goias, and Mato Grosso). It is closely related to
H. patrisiana (DC.) Naud. (which has calyx lobes strigulose
within, shorter hypanthial pubescence, and rostrate anthers )
and H. seemannii Naud. (with 3-nerved rather than 5-nerved leaf
blades, generally less appressed cauline pubescence, and rather
persistent foliar hairs).

OSSAEA MAVACANA Wurdack, sp. nov.

In systemate Cogniauxii 0. angustifoliae (DC.) Triana
affinis, foliis 5-plinervatis ramorum inflorescentiarum pilis
caduce glanduliferis ovario 6-loculari differt.

Ramuli teretes sicut petioli foliorum venae primariae
supra et subtus densiuscule setulosi (pilis gracilibus laevibus
ca. 1-1.5 mm longis caduce glanduliferis) et modice glanduloso-
puberuli pilis 0.1-0.4 mm longis. Petioli 1-1.6 cm longi;
lamina 6-10(-16) X 3-5(-7.5) cm elliptica apice subgradatim
(per 1-1.5 cm) acuminato basi acuta, membranacea et integra vel
obscure undulato-serrulata, ciliata, supra sparsiuscule setulosa
pilis ca. 1 mm longis, subtus modice setulosa pilis ca. 1 m
longis pro parte caduce glanduliferis, breviter (0.5-1.2 cm)
5-plinervata nervis secundariis ca. 4-5 m inter se distantibus
nervulis subtus planis areolis 0.3-0.4 mm latis. Flores in
foliorum superiorum axillis plerumque bini sessiles 6-meri
bracteis 4 persistentibus anguste ovatis glanduloso-setulosis
(pari exteriore 6 X 3 mm, pari interiore 5 X 2.5 mm) involucrati.
Hypanthium (ad torum) 4 mm longum dense subsericeo-strigosum
pilis 2-2.5 mm longis gracilibus caduce glanduliferis; calycis
limbus 0.8 mm altus non vel vix undulatus graciliter ciliolatus,
dentibus exterioribus subulatis 2.7-3 mm eminentibus dense
setulosis. Petala 3 X 1.2 mm glabra oblongo-lanceata anguste
acuta extus dente subapicali 0.3 mm eminenti armata. Stamina
isomorphica glabra; filamenta 2 mm longa; antherarum thecae
2 X 0.6 X 0.3 mm ventraliter 0.4 mm infra filamenti insertionem
prolongatae, connectivo simplici. Stigma truncatum non

128 PHY-TOLOGEa Vol. 21, no. 2

expansum; stylus glaber 6.3 X 0.3-0.4 mm; ovarium 6-loculare
omnino inferum apice glabro styli rostro ca. 0.4 m alto.

Type Collection: J. Lizot 166 (US 2576226A; isotype VEN),
Sos eary at the Rio Mavaca, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela, December
1969.

Qssaea angustifolia, endemic to southeastern Brazil, has
eglandular pubescence, narrower 3-plinerved leaf blades,
interior calyx lobes 0.3 mm long, and 4-celled ovaries. Cer-
tainly O. mavacana is an anomalous species, disparate within a
heterogenous "genus" and with no obvious close relative. The
glandular tips on the trichomes are tiny and inconspicuous,
much smaller than those in Clidemia involucrata DC. (which
somewhat resembles 0. mavacana in vegetative aspect, but not in
floral structure).

OSSAEA QUINQUENERVIA -(Mill.) Cogn.
a Melastoma quinqueneryia Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, sp. 15.

1768.

Melastoma diyersifolia Bonpl., Melast. 138, pl. 59. 1816.

Clidemia? diversifolia (Bonpl.) DC., Prodr. 3: 159. 1828.

Staphidium diyersifolium (Bonpl.) Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat.
ser. 3 Bot. 17: 322. 1852.

Clidemia? decurrens Beurl., Act. Holm 127. 1854.

Cctopleura quinquenervyia (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Lim.
Soc. Bot. 28: 145. 1871. (

QOctopleura diversifolia (Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 28: 145. 1871. 3

The holotype of Melastoma quinqueneryia (BM; Bailey
Hortorium photograph 5192) is quite compatible with more recent
collections of 0. diversifolia, a good match (except for the
somewhat larger leaves) being H. H. Smith 4 (Santa Marta,
Colombia). The Miller type shows upper leaf surface hairs
rather sparse and ca. 1.5 mm long, hypanthia furfuraceous but
not setulose, and calyx lobes with a few setulae. ‘The commonly
applied binomial for this species, Q. diversifolia, is thus a
synonym. From some herbarium notes of E. P. Killip, it seems
perhaps doubtful that Clidemia cyanocarpa Benth. should be
included in the synonymy of O. nervia and that comparison
is needed with C. purpurea D. Don (and probably C. haughtii
Wurdack) ; however, the Barclay type has not been examined by me.

BLAKEA QUADRANGULARIS Triana

B. sphaerica Gleason, Phytologia 3: 358. 1950.

The holotype (Triana 4110, BM) from Antioquia represents a
young sharply quadrate branchlet with intact peduncle; the
separate young fruit in the packet show the large bracts (outer
22 X 22 mm; inner 23 X 10 mm) and nearly truncate (the sepalar
apiculums to 2 mm long) calyx limb. Most recent material does
not show elongated internodes, the very young branchlets being
quadrate but becoming indistinctly quadrangular with age.
Evidently Lehmann 7223 (Macbride photograph 17297), distributed
under an unpublished Cogniaux name, is also B. quadrangularis;

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 129

also there are several additional recent collections from
Antioquia.

Blakea guadrangularis was one of Triana's "lost" species,
known to Cogniaux and Gleason only from the original descrip-
tion. ‘Triana's personal herbarium of 8,000 specimens was sold
by his widow to the British Museum (Natural History), the
purchase for 240 pounds being authorized on Feb. 26, 1891; thus
Cogniaux apparently never saw this collection. Through the
courtesy of Mr. Marshall and Mr. Cannon, a xerox copy of the
melastomes entered in Triana's herbarium book was obtained.
Triana evidently did not give field numbers to his specimens,
put later arranged them in Endlicher-genus order and then
assigned collection numbers; thus the Melastomataceae are in
Endlicher genera 6169-6261, the specimens numbered 3847-4114
(with 4099-4114 a postscript miscellany). Triana's notes also
include the species name, locality and elevation of collection,
and number of duplicates. Unfortunately the Endlicher numbers
alone are often cited as Triana's collection numbers. Triana
also numbered his collections within each genus, starting with
1; thus the collection number of Topobea subscaberula could be
cited as 4084 or 6261.5; Cuatrecasas has done such citation
from the Bogota set of Triana specimens. For the Melastomata-
ceae, the London specimens of Triana's collections have been
regarded by me as the holotypes for those species described by
Triana from his own gatherings (but not necessarily for Triana
species based on material of other collectors); many specimens
not found in other herbaria (COL, K, P, W) are in this set.

TOPOBEA MORTONIANA Wurdack, sp. nov.

De affinitate intima mihi incognita, sed ob folia crassa
cordata subsessilia flores multifasciculatos bene distincta.

Ramuli teretes primum setis robustis incurvis 1-2.5 m
longis armati mox glabrati; nodi dense setosi, pilis robustis
3-5 mm longis et basim versus 0.2-0.5 mm diam. Folia iso-
morphica subsessilia, petiolis 0.5-1 cm longis robustis; lamina
11-20 X 7-13 cm ovata vel oblongo-ovata apice late acuto vel
obtuso interdum breviter (0.3-0.4 cm) mucronulato-acuminato
basi 1-2 cm cordata, rigida et integra, glabra, 5-nervata (pari
exteriore inframarginali neglecto) nervis secundariis laxis ca.
5 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 6-meri plerumque in nodis
infra folia multifasciculati (16-)24-30(-60) in quoque nodo,
pedicellis ad anthesim 1.5-2.5 cm longis gracilibus sparse
ecaduceque pinoideo-furfuraceis; bracteae usque ad basim liberae
suborbiculares calyci breviores, exteriores 3.2 X 5 mm basim
versus extus sparse caduceque appresso-setulosae, interiores
4,3-4.5 x 4.6-4.8 mm apicem versus sparsissime caduceque
pinoideo-furfuraceae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 4 m longum, extus
sparse caduceque stellulato-furfuraceum; calyx in alabastris
truncatus extus inconspicue 6-dentatus, ad anthesim in lobis
3.2 X 2.7 mm ovato-oblongis usque ad ca. 1 mm supra torum
dehiscens. Petala glabra 9 X 5.6-6.3 mm oblongo-obovata apice
rotundato. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 6 m longa;

130 PLY TsO! np G doz Vol. 21, no. 2

antherae inter se cohaerentes 3.8-4.1 mm longae apicem versus
graciliter subulatae ad basim ca. 1.3 mm latae, poris duobus
dorsaliter inclinatis, connectivo ad basim dente 0.3 mm longo
armato. Stigma non expansum; stylus 7 X 0.2 mm glaber;
ovarium 4-loculare 1/3 inferum, apice conico 2.8 mm alto
glabro truncato sine collo.

Type Collection: Bassett ire & Celia K. Maguire 61846
(holotype NY, 2 sheets; isotype US), collected in wet cloui
forest 7 km north of Altaquer along road to Barbacoas, Depto.
Narifo, Colombia, elev. 1250 m, 17 Oct. 1969, "Scandent shrub
to 10 m, cauliflorous; petals 6, white.”

Of the described species of Topobea, T. brenesii Standl.,
T. cordata Gleason, and T. elliptica Gleason (all from Central
America) have sessile leaves ,» but differ otherwise widely.
Certainly T. mortoniana is not closely related to 7. sessilifolia
Triana, the holotype (BM) of which has sharply quadrangular
branches, lance-oblong leaves 4-6 cm wide with secondary nerves
only 1 mm apart, and solitary (fide Triana) flowers on peduncles
4-6 cm long with capitellate stigmas. Topobea setosa Triana
has leaf blades of about the same shape as those of IT.
mortoniana, with secondary veins wide-spaced, but shows well-
developed petioles, leaf blades discolorous-puberulous beneath,
and much larger solitary or few-fasciculate flowers with stout-
setose bracts and calyx lobes. C. V. Morton for a decade has
amiably monitored and adjusted my descriptions, nomenclature,
and bibliographic problems in neotropical research; two
generations of tropical students have benefited from his own
extensive publications and anonymous courtesy. Thus it is
appropriate that a current botanist follow Standley's 1938
example (Clidemia mortoniana) in the Melastomataceae.

BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke

"THE PLANT HUNTERS" — Being a History of the Horticultural Pio-
neers, their Quests and their Discoveries from the Renais-
sance to the Twentieth Century by Alice M. Coats, 00 pp.,
illus., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, N. Y. 10036.
cM se U.S.A.; 1969 in London by Studio Vista Ltd.).

10.95.

In the foreword Miss Coats describes the "average" horticul-
tural collector as one well schooled and skilled in botany,
gardening and some other sciences such as medicine, surveying,
etc. "He had to be adaptable and able to get on with natives,
and his life often depended on his being a good shot and fisher-
man. He had also to have great tenacity and endurance, the con-
ditions of travel being often such that only curiosity, the
greatest human motive-power next to love and hunger, could enable
him to support them. It follows that the successful collectors
were very remarkable men, and their lives and characters well
worth recording." And they are recorded well!

This fascinating book describes these collectors, their col-
lections and their itineraries in chronological order in each of
different areas of the globe in the order in which they were ex-
plored — the Mediterranean and Near East, northern Europe, Asia,
the Antipodes, Africa, North America and finally South America.

It is almost unfair to single out a few of these hunters for
special mention, as, for instance, Forsyth who went disguised as an
Oriental in China, Wilson who did not do so but always had a sedan
chair toted as an essential for prestige even if dismantled, and
Hove who found himself being presented to an Indian rajah following
a night during which rats with no tonsorial skill chewed off much
of his pomaded hair.

There are other assets in this book such as neat print except
for two letter inversions on p. 155, several fine photographs of
explorers and maps, a carefully prepared bibliography, a list of
the illustrations, indices of collectors and of almost a thousand
plants mentioned, and an epilogue evaluating the future of plant
collecting,

"BIOLOGY OF ACETABULARIA" edited by Jean Brachet & Silvano Bonotto,
xv & 300 pp., illus., Academic Press, New York, N. Y. 10003 &
London. 1970. $10.00.

This volume represents the proceedings of the First Internation-
al Symposium on Acetabularia organized jointly by the Université
Libre de Bruxelles and the Centre d'Etude de 1'Energie Nucléaire in
Mol and held in both cities of Belgium, June 18--20, 1969. Exclu-

131

132 PSH Ye Ts0). LeOjG ak Vol. 21, no. 2

ding the printed introductory pages, the book is produced by a
photo-offset process which permits more prompt publication. Even
an useful index is included, although with the "F" references out
of place. All the papers are in English which is often expressed
awkwardly and too often misspelled, as, for instance, indepen-
dence on p. xii, aging on p. 27, apparent on p. 147, attended on
p. 289, etc. A careful proof-reading was obviously not done.
Some diagrams are far from helpful; several electron micrographs
in different articles are quite well reproduced and valuable as
new material.

Besides an introduction and a concluding remarks paper by
Brachet there are 16 papers that deal with the nucleo-cytoplasmic
relationships in growth and differentiation, biochemistry, ultra-
structures, circadian clocks, light and radiation effects, photo-
synthesis,and autonomy of mitochondria and of chloroplasts as
carried on by the fascinating umbrella-shaped giant chlorophyte
growing in shallow warm coastal waters.

This work will surely have appeal to almost all biologists,
biology students and biology teachers on all levels.

"A MANUAL OF PLANT NAMES" by C. Chicheley Plowden, 260 pp., il-
lus, Philosophical Library, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1970.
$10.00.

This book succeeds in its well known horticulturist-writer's
aim of collating in handbook size a treasure-house of informa-
tion for gardeners, horticulturists, botanists and plantsmen.

After an introduction to the history of the naming of plants
and to the nature of the Botanical Code, there are introductory
explanations to each of the following: generic and specific
names with translations from the Latin, common names of horticul-
tural and other economic plants with botanical equivalents, bo-
tanical terms defined, illustrated flower and leaf gross struc-
ture, and the "plant system" with notes on families and genera of
special importance or interest. At the end there is an index of
botanical and common family names.

On p. 247 the Verbenaceae is limited to 65 genera and 750 spe-
cies, when actually in its most restricted sense it contains 7)
genera and about 331 valid species and scientifically named sub-
specific taxa. Tectona, a genus of considerable economic impor-
tance, is not mentioned. Clerodendrum is correctly spelled on
this page, but not so on p. hl.

"PLANT PATHOLOGY" by George N. Agrios, xiv & 629 pp., illus.,
Academic Press, New York, N. Y. 10003 & London. 1969. $1).

This is the best textbook in this field that I have perused:
best because of its careful and readily comprehensible explana-
tions of scientific principles involved in all of the host-
parasite or pathogenic plant-environment situations, best bevause
of many illustrations of high educational value.

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 133

The author's preface describes well the contents of this text:
"The first part of the book deals with general considerations of
disease, the disease cycle, parasitism and pathogenicity, and the
variability in pathogens. This is followed by a presentation of
the mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease and the mechan-
isms by which plants resist disease. Considerable space is devo-
ted to a biochemical discussion of the effects of pathogen-
produced enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, and polysaccharides
on.the structural organization and on the basic physiological
processes of photosynthesis, translocation, and respiration, as
well as to a biochemical discussion of the defense mechanisms of
the plant. Finally, discussions are included on the genetics of
host-parasite interaction, effects of environment on disease de-
velopment and control.

"The second part of the book deals with the infectious diseases
caused by fungi, bacteria, parasitic higher plants, viruses, and
nematodes and with the noninfectious diseases caused by environ-
mental factors. The diseases caused by each type of pathogen are
discussed comprehensively as a group and are subsequently discussed
individually in detail. Diagrams of cycles for each disease are
included to help the student create visual images for the better
and longer-lasting understanding of the disease."

Perhaps many interested readers, students, teachers and
scholars from the broader fields of botany and biology are not a-
ware of how common a phenomenon parasitism of cultivated crops is.
"In North America, for example, some 8,000 species of fungi cause
approximately 80,000 diseases, and at least 180 species of bac-
teria, more than 500 different viruses, and over 500 species of
nematodes attack crops."

The print makes reading facile even though the letters in
"haustorium" are jumbled on p. 591 but correctly given in the text
and index.

Selected bibliographies accompany the chapters.

Glossary definitions should have been limited to such terms
"as used in this text" because terms like "spicule", "ostiole",
etc. have additional bidlogical meanings.

"INSECT AND HOST PLANT", Proceedings of the 2nd International
Symposium, edited by J. De Wilde & L. M. Schoonhoven, 30
pp., illus., North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam & Lon-
don. 1969. $15.00.

This conference was held at Wageningen, Netherlands, 2—5 June
1969 on an invitational basis in order to review "knowledge of
the factors leading to an interaction between two organisms which
are so diverse as insects:and plants" and so to find "more subtle
methods than merely using insecticides" to control "insect pests
in food crops". Besides the opening address by the editors, 28
valuable papers are presented by recognized research workers from
all over the world in this separate reprinting from ENTOMOLOGIA
EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, vol. 12, pp. 471--810, 1969.

13h P H OX2.0.E OG) DA Vol. 21, no. 2

Most of the papers are in English; summaries are given in an-
other language. Each author provides a bibliography, but lamen-
tably there is no general index.

The modern work on the nature of the chemo-electro-physiologi-
wal and behavioral mechanisms used by phytophagous insects to
recognize secondary substances and the nutrients in their host
plants is particularly well developed and needed.

This book will be important not only for entomologists, but al-
so for ecologists, botanists, certain ethologists, certain physio-
logists and biology students.

The print is clear and easily readable. On p. 735 the specific
epithet Sativus is misspelled.

"PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC BOTANY" or Botany as an Inductive Science
by Mathias Jacob Schleiden, translated by Edwin Lankester,
facsimile of the London 189 edition, xv, viii & 616 pp.,
illus., The Sources of Science, no. Lo, Johnson Reprint Cor-
poration, New York, N. Y. 10003. 1969. $27.50.

This book has been and remains an important influential "land
mark" in the development of botany. Therefore it is good, in-
deed, to have it available again for school, university and per-
sonal libraries, even if at a fantastically high price. [It is an
abbreviation of the important "Grundziige der wissenschaftlichen
Botanik".

The work is definitely enhanced by an analytical introduction
by Dr. Jacob Lorch of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He gives
biographic material concerning this brilliant and often offensively
egotistical author, as well as appraisals of the famous flower
embryo studies, of the botanical end of the cell theory, and of
the epoch-making "Grundzitige" made so by "the novel emphasis, as
well as the fluent and very readable language which exuded a tru-
ly contaminating enthusiasm for the scientia amabilis.....His
profound influence on botanical research as well as on the teach-
ing of botany is felt to this day, when studies of the cell enjoy
a new peak of interest which was inaugurated by Schleiden, with
rare insight, more than 120 years ago."

Unlike texts of today, the same illustrations are repeated
for different illustrative needs.

"THE NATURE OF LIFE" -- Earth, Plants, Animals, Man and Their Ef-
fect on Each Other by Lorus & Margery Milne, 320 pp., illus,,
Chanticleer Press Edition, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York,
Ne» Xie 10016 «1970... $1750.

What a beautiful, interesting and valuable book! It is par-
ticularly pertinent because of today's growing interest in the
nature and préservation of our ecosphere. It is the work of two
"seasoned" biologist—naturalists who have written often and well.
It is embellished by 208 exquisite illustrations, 82 in full
color, the work of many well known nature photographers including

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 135

the authors themselves.

After a description of our dynamic earth, its evolution and of
its mobile diversified life, the authors give living portraits of
the main biogeographical areas searching for historical patterns
that have been building for at least 300 million years. So much
material is presented about so many different living creatures
without producing the feeling of cramming but needing the not
quite complete index of plants and animals with over 1600 entries.
The last chapter entitled "The Spread of the Cultured Primate" is
an impressive appraisal of man's effect upon his environment.

There is no bibliography,yprobably because the book is directed
to general readership and because if complete it would have to be
immense.

The Chanticleer Press is to be congratulated upon producing
this excellent work. Even so a few tiny errors slipped through,
as, for instance, the misspelling of Epidendrum on p. 79 and the
use of "most unique" on p. 167.

"READINGS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE" edited by Irving William Knob-
loch, 2nd edition, ix & 91 pp., Appleton-Century-Crofts,
Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1967. $3.95, paperback.

The intention of the editor to offer enrichment, more detailed
explanations and inspirational reading to replace some stultify-
ing laboratory exercises is admirable, but the goal is achieved
with about only a half of the selections. lany are just "text
book" or insignificant. The excerpts from the following authors
particularly pleased this reviewer: Darwin, Percival, Iltis,
Beadle, Dobzhansky, Becker, Hardin, and Hamburgh.

Several words were carelessly misspelled in the text, as lu-
ciferin on p. 51, average on p. 69, photosynthesis on p. 87,
known on p. 143, schistosomiasis on p. 210, experimental on p.
291, and Cretaceous on p. 36.

Many different journals and books were used as source mater-
jal.

"ARBOLES EXOTICOS" - Los Arboles Cultivados en Gran Canaria I by
Gunther Kunkel, 22 pp., illus., Ediciones del Excmo. Cabil-
do Insular de Gran Canaria. 1969. 300 ptas.

This is a very attractive and valuable start to what is hoped
will become a complete survey of the island. Herein 72 genera in
2 families have their cultivated species described with common
names, etymology, geographic distribution, literature references
and propagation notes added. On the facing page for each species
there are beautiful and accurate drawings executed by the talented
wife of the author.

What is called Citharexylum quadrangulare is better identified

as C. spinosun.

136 PHD hrOL OG RA Vol. 21, no. 2

"NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS OF NANTUCKET" by Frank C. MacKee-
ver, edited by Harry E. Ahles, xxviii & 132 pp., University
of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Mass. 01003. 1968. $6.50.

Nantucket island, off the Rhode Island coast, was to the
author a vacation and a botanical paradise isle which he visited
19 times, collecting a herbarium there of 1,089 specimens with
610 species and subspecific units in 100 families, with 1) of
them native and 196 introduced, and with several as new records.

The editor in his foreword writes: "With much research, he
([MacKeever] also brought together the material presented by pre-
vious workers, correlating their nomenclature with that of the
present day. At the time of his death, he had all but completed
his work......1t is my hope that this catalogue, which represents
a significant contribution to botanical science, may also prove a
fitting memorial to a fine botanist." Through the efforts of
both the author and the editor it certainly is!

This catalogue is enriched with interesting comments, copious
cross references and a full index.

“AN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES" by B. E. J. Wheeler, ix & 37h
pp., illus., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, Sydney, Toron-

This very carefully prepared text is planned for a beginning
course in plant pathology by an author-teacher of considerable re-
nown, especially in the British Isles. The chapters cover the
following topics: concepts of plant pathology, damping-off and
seedling blights, root and foot rots, wilts, downy and powdery
mildews, rusts, smuts, blight, anthracnose, leaf spots and curl,
witches' broom and club-root, galls, cankers and scab, mosaics
and yellows, postharvest diseases, disease assessment, and
disease control methods. The work is well illustrated, well ex-
plained and well documented with literature references.

This book will inevitably be compared with the new Agrios'
text (and vice versa) produced in the United States. Each is
highly meritorious, with the Agrios' text having greater empha-
sis on biological principles and having more attractive format
and reading style.

7 eo

PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

4

Vol. 24 April, 1971 No. 3

i LIBRARY

| APR 1 ob }9 ti

. CONTENTS ot I ee

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

-STEARN, W. T., A list of Jamaican species of Cynanchum

(A sclepiadaceae) LF Se a ah SO ADT ORE Pe OE gO 137
IIe AC). el IRUUIMEX OF AWGN... oo wg a ee else ee ey 139

MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Petitia. III ....... 146

4 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of the

; 07 EES OLT a ge, 6 OR SRR aii SES Rae Er ae 149

;

, MORTON, C. V., The genus Columnea (Gesneriaceae) in Panama...... 165

RCE oA SA1;., BOOK PEVIEWS 5.0 stole 08 8 Sod ol Seog ae 0h Rw 196

;

;

|
|

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.

Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7.50, in advance,
or $8, at close of volume

A LIST OF JAMAICAN SPECI#&S OF CYNANCHUM (ASCLE?IADACEAE)
William T. 3tearn British Museum (Natural History)

3ince its establishment by Linnaeus in the Species
2lantarum 1:212 1753, Genera Plantarum, 5th ed. 101.
1754, the genus Cynanchum has been variously defined.
Linnaeus included within it five species, of which two,
i.e. C. acutum and the apparently conspecific C. monspel-
iacum, have been retained in Cynanchum by all subsequent
authors; two, i.e. C. suberosum and C. hirtum, have been
transferred to Gonolobus and one, i.e. C. erectum, to
Marsdenia. Cynanchum acutum, a European species, can
thus be reasonably accepted as the lectotype and was so
designated by Britton and Brown, Illustr. Fl. N.U.S.

2nd ed, 3:36. 1913 and by Hitchcock and Green in Nom.
Prop. Brit. Bot. 136. 1929. In 1941, when surveying

the North American genera of Asclepiadaceae, Woodson in
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 208-215. 191 redefined
Cynanchum so as to include in it many groups which on
mostly rather subtle differences had hitherto been
maintained as separate genera, among them Ampelamus,
Decastelma, Mellichampia, Metalepis, Rouliniella,
Tainionema and Tylodontia. ‘The last general survey of
the West Indian species of this group was by Schlechter
in Urban's Symbolae Antillanae 1: 236-290. 1899.
Woodson's view of generic delimitation here being

now generally accepted, it seems desirable to publish a
list of the Jamaican species to be included in volume 6
of Fawcett and Rendle's Flora of Jamaica.

1. CYNANCHUM JAMAICENSE (Griseb.) Woodson in Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:210. 191.

Enslenia jamaicensis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
LAdewli. Lopes

Rouliniella jamaicensis (Griseb.) Rendle in J.
Bot. (London) 7: 340. 1936.
Described from Jamaica (Wilson s.n)

2. CYNANCHUM HARRISII (Schlechter) Stearn, comb. nova
etaltelma harrisii Schlechter in Urban, Symb.
Ant. 1: 2560. 1099.
Described from Jamaica (St. Andrew, Harris 5491)

3. CYNANCHUM PRIORII (Rendle) Stearn, comb. nova
Metastelma priorii Rendle in J. Bot. (London)
7h: 339. 1936.
Described from Jamaica (St. Ann, Prior).

137

138 PHY TOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 3

h. CYNANCHUM ALBIFLORUM (Griseb.) Stearn, comb. nova

Metaltelma albiflorum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
Tsle W1l?. 1062; Schlechter in Urban, Symb. Ant.
5: 68. 1908.
Metastelma hartii Schlechter in Urban, Symb.
AN Ge 1? 256 a99.

Both described from Jamaica (M. albiflorum based

on March s.m., Hart 895).

5S. CYNANCHUM RENDLEI Stearn, nomen novum

Metastelma jamaicensis Schlechter in Urban,

Symb. Ant. S716. 1908; non

Cynanchum jamaicense (Griseb.) Woodson. 191.
Described from Jamaica (St. Andrew and Kingston,
Harris 8866). Renamed in honour of Dr. Alfred Barton
Rendle (1065-1938), from 1906 to 1930. Keeper of
the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural

History), London, joint author with William Fawcett
(1851-1926) of the Flora of Jamaica.

6. CYNANCHUM FAWCETTII (Schlechter) Stearn, comb. nova
Metastelma fawcettii Schlechter in Urban, Symb.

Ants 1: 260. 1099.
Described from : Jamaica (St. Andrew, Harris 70).

7. CYNANCHIM LEPTOCLADUM (Dene.) Jimenez in Rhodora
62: 238. 1960.
Vincetoxicum leptocladum Dene. in DC., Prodr.
: sel °

Amphistelma leptocladon (Dene.) Griseb., Fl.

Beite Maina. Lab, Wlo. «Lec.

Metastelma leptocladon (Dcene.) Schlechter in

Urban, Symb. Ant. l:201. 1899.

Gynanchum sauvallei Alain in Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist.
Nat. c2:le0. 1955.

V. leptocladum described from Haiti (Nectoux),
A. filiforme from Jamaica (Prior, McNab, March,

Wullschlagel).

8. CYNANCHUM ATRORUBENS (Schlechter) Alain in Mem. Soc.
Cubana Hist. Nat. 22:120. 1955.
Metastelma atrorubens Schlechter in Urban, Symb.
Arr gels o sin: ~
Described from Jamaica (St. Andrew, Harris 6921).

RUMEX OF HAWAIT

Otto & Isa Degener

In 1811 appeared the second edition of William Townsend Aiton's
"Hortus Kewensis; or, A Catalogue of The Plants Cultivated in The
Royal Botanic Garden at Kew." Aiton, as the title page mentions,
was "GARDENER TO HIS MAJESTY." On page 323 he describes, as new,
Rumex giganteus, calling it "Tall Dock," He adds that it was na-
tive “of the Sandwich Islands. Mr. David Nelson.” Furthermore,
the next line states that it had been introduced in "1796, by Ar-
chibald Menzies, Esqe"

David Nelson was Captain James Cook's botanist, while Archi-
bald Menzies was Captain George Vancouver's. Automatically, with-
out much thought, we would have considered a Nelson sheet deposited
at the British Museum (Natural History) as the lectotype for the
species SeSe We maintain, however, that the lectotype should be a
sheet at Kew labelled "R. giganteus Ait. H. Kew. Rumex 40 feet
highe Climber, Sandwich Isles, AeM., C68." The initials evidently
refer to Archibald Menzies. As Aiton was listing and describing
the plants growing in the gardens of Kew, he evidently grew the
giant Rumex from seed introduced by Menzies about fifteen years
before the catalogue went to preSSe

According to Skottsberg in Acta Horti Gotob,2:225. 1926, speci-
men C68 "has leaves with margin and veins pilose, and so is the
stem o”

In conclusion, after receiving bibliographic and herbarium aid
from Messrs, Peter Green, Edgar Milne-Redhead, John F. Reed, Georg
M. Schultze and William T. Stearn, we believe at least two main
taxa of Rumex giganteus grew (and still survive) in the rainforest
mauka of the Kealakekua area, Island of Hawaii, a rainforest that
has retreated inland during the past 200 years’ attack by Caucasian
and Oriental animal and plant invaders:

1. Re. giganteus Ait. var. giganteus. A somewhat pilose plant. Type:
C68 in herb. British Museum. Though the endemic flora is being rap=
idly exterminated, we are gratified to haye found a liana approach-
ing the type. It is Degeners & L.W. Bryan 32,457. Kahuamoa, South
Konae Hawaii. Rainforest at 3,250 feet. May 29, 1969-

2. Re giganteus Ait. var. nelsonii Deg. & Dege, vars nove Planta
glabra. Unlike the previous variety, this one is glabrous. The

type we consider to be the specimen deposited in the British Muse-
um under the legend "Rumex giganteus, ‘Sandwich Islands, Dav. Nel-
sone'™ During the past two years we have collected this variety,
the less rare of the two, in the rainforest from Kulani around the
southwestern slope of Mauna Loa to Hualalai. If the historical Nel-
son plant for any reason cannot be the type, the lectotype would be

139

140 PHYTOLOGIA ‘Vol. 21, no. 3

"Degeners & Piccos 32,456. Mauna Loa Boys’ School, Hawaii. Sprawl-
ing tangle in clearing at 5,700 feet. Aug. 10, 1968." A rooted
sheet of this liana (renumbered 32,443 and harvested July 26, 1970-)

was planted in the writers’ garden at Volcano, Hawaii, next to Re
skottsbergii, as described below. Degeners & Piccos 32,458 collect=
ed Auge 15, 1970 “at 2,500 feet, Punaluu mauka, Kau, Hawaii”, is
not particularly outstanding because it has a faint tendency to be-
ing glabrate; but because it completely fills with its scrambling,
overlapping branches, to the exclusion of other plants, a small
gulch. Cranwell, Selling & Skottsberg 3,108 is an Island of Hawaii
specimen with typical’inflorescence, but otherwise a bit strange.
It is from the ancient, deeply eroded and somewhat isolated "Ko-
hala Mts., Upper Hamakua ditch trail. 9/17/38."

It is disconcerting, as Skottsberg has indicated for the local
taxa of the genus on pages 223-228 and elsewhere, that our species
are not clear-cut Linnean onese Depending on the limited informa-
tion available to us, we recognize also:

3- Re giganteus vare nelsonii forma annectens Deg. & Deg. Frutex
circa 12 dm. altus. This form maintains the same diffuse, red in-
‘florescence; but approaches R. skottsbergii in its low, erect hab-
ite

Type Locality: "Otto Degener, Isa Degener & LW. Bryan 32,455.

West side of Hualalai, Hawaii. Scrub vegetation at 5,000 feet.

July 27, 1967." Type at N.Ye, as are all our novelties unless ex-
tenuating circumstances make it impracticable to deposit them thereo
Local Range: Beside the type collection, Degeners & Amy Greenwell
32,454, from Hualalai, "At 7,000 feet; old aa flow. July 9, 1967,",
belongs heree

4, RUMEX SKOTTSBERGII Deg. & Deg.
SKOTTSBERG DOCK; PAWALE

Rumex giganteus sensu Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isl. 377. 1888. (In part.)
Rumex giganteus sensu Skottsberg in Acta Horti Gotob. 2:223. 1926.
(In part.) The novelty is named for Dr. Carl Skottsberg, who here
gave results of his study of local Rumex taxac

Rumex giganteus sensu Degener, Plants Haw. Nat. Park 152. 1930;
ibid. 1945.

Rumex giganteus sensu Fagerlund & Mitchell in Nat. Hist. Bull.
(Hawes Nate Park) 9:35. 1944.

Rumex giganteus sensu Hubbard & Bender, Trailside Plants Haw. Nate
Park 4:7. 1950.

Rumex giganteus sensu Fosberg in Doty & Mueller-Dombois, Atlas Bio-
ec. Stud. 187. 1966.

Not Rumex giganteus Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 22323. 1811. (Rainforest up to
about 15 meter long lianas with loose, horizontal to drooping in-
florescences brilliantly red but drying castaneous. This complex is
represented by an important sheet - Re ge vare nelsonii - collected
by David Nelson and deposited in the British Museum (Nat. Histe).
and by one = Ro ge vare ge = annotated "Rumex 40 feet high - - -

1971 Degener, Rumex of Hawaii Wy

Rumex giganteus var. nelsonii Deg. & Dege
David Nelson's historic plante
Courtesy British Museum (Nat. Hist)

142 PH Yot0' i, 0 Geirk Vol. 21, no. 3

C68.")

Rumex Skottsbergii sp. nove Frutex erectus, 7 - 10 dm. altus; folia
ampla elliptica; inflorescentia flavo-viridis. (We believe an il-
lustration is more an "international language" than Latin and should
he permitted to substitute for > ™-+in diagnosis.)

Erect 7 - 10 dm. tall entirely glabrous shrub with many stiffly
erect slightly zigzag twiggy longitudinally grooved stems arising from
compact rootstalk bearing thick yellowish taproots. Leaves pale
green fading yellow: most blades 10 X 4.5 cme, oval with acute apex
but toward inflorescence gradually smaller and more ovate= to ob-
ovate-elliptic with somewhat cuspidate apex, thick, entire or near=
ly so and never crisped, with acute to acuminate base; petioles
slender, somewhat shorter than lower blades and often longer than
upper blades; ocrea thin, castaneouse Flowers extremely numerous,
yellowish green, imperfectly dioecious with staminate and pistil-
late flowers at times in same fascicle, subtended by minute per-=-
sistent scarious ocreae: pedicels 3 - 5 mm. long, filiform except
for thickened top, persistent in fruit; inflorescence stiffly e-
rect, compact, enlarging in fruit to become usually broad-conical
and 10 - 20 cme wide. Pistillate flower: outer sepals concave, oval-
cuneate to obovate, with obtuse apex, faintly nerved, almost 1.5 mme
long, spreading at anthesis; inner sepals longitudinally recurved
to facilitate lateral extrusion of the longer stigmatic branches,
ovate with subtruncate base and usually retuse apex, 3 mm. long and
almost 2 mm. wide, erect at anthesis, with veins and especially
midrib prominent. Ovary 1 mm. long, ellipsoid-trigonous with sharp
angles, short-stipitate; styles filiform, each acutely widening in-
to white-translucent broadly fan-shaped stigma irregularly twice
and thrice fringed to form about 40 ultimate flat branches. Stam-
inate flower: sepals concave, obovate with obtuse apex, faintly
nerved, grading from about 1 mme long for outermost to 2 mm. long
for innermost, suberect; filaments filiform; anthers pale yellow,
exserted, obovoid, 1.5 mme long, emarginate at base and deeply nar-
rowly cordate at apex; aborted ovary 0-5 mm. long, with spreading
flat truncate stigmas each half as longe Fruit yellowish green rip-
ening castaneous; outer sepals reflexed, marcescent, not enlarged;
inner sepals erect to closely invest nutlet, 4 - 6 mm. long, un-
dulate to somewhat erose-dentate, obtuse to retuse at apex, broadly
cordate at base, conspicuously net-veined except for open margin,
with midrib prominent without but sulcate withins nutlet shiny, ob-=
ovoid, deeply trigonous, 2.5 mme long, obtuse to a minute truncate
stalk at base, somewhat beaked.

Type Locality: D,geners & Piccos 32,453. On 1907 Lava Flow, Kau,
Hawaiie On lava rubble at 1,600 feet. July 26, 1968. Type at NY, co-
types widely distributed.

Local Ranges At present we know this species complex is native to
Hawaii, where it is common on the ash and aa flows from about Kilau-
ea and Kilauea Iki Craters through the aalii, ohia lehua and ukiuki
pahoehoe flows of the Kau Desert up the Southwest Rift Zone of Mauna
Loa and thence northward into Kona until stopped by forests. It
grows from about 2,000 to 7,000 feet elevation. It is strictly a

1971 Degener, Rumex of Hawaii 143

pioneer, springing up like a weed in bulldozed aa lava. The roots of
the seedling apparently rush during the rainy season to reach moist

depths for the plant's establishment before advent of the dry sea-
son. This common erect xerophyte has been mistaken for the gigantic

liana R. giganteus with loose, brilliantly red inflorescence first
collected by Nelson, presumably mauka of Kealakekua in the rain-

forest. After growing the erect shrub (like Degeners & Piccos

32,453) and the liana (Deg. & Dege 32,443, Degeners & Piccos 32 456)
next to each other for several years at 3,800 feet elevation in our
Volcano, Hawaii, garden and noting that both taxa retained their spe-
cific characters over several years, we confidently consider R.
skottsbergii specifically distinct. In addition to the Island of
Hawaii, we suspect this species in several inferior taxa, to be on
Maui and Nihoa as explained belowe

"Rumex of Hawaii™ concentrates on the genus as it occurs on the
"Big Island." We here add some of our observations of, and surmises
about, Rumex on the smaller islands as wello

Few readers realize that the Hawaiian Archipelago is close to
2,000 miles long, extending from the northwestern Kure and Midway
Tslands via such reefs, shoals and islets as Hermes, Laysan and
Necker to massive Maui and Hawaii. The northwestern islands, first
formed, were once of considerable size and elevation, and have since
been mostly peneplaned to ocean levele When the island primordia be-
gan forming on the ocean floor is debatablee But an indication of
how old such islands may be is shown by the find of fossils of Mio-
cene Age = roughly 25,000,000 years ago = in core samples from Mid=
waye These islands were certainly covered with jungle vegetation -
now gone = when high enough to form and intercept raincloudse The
southeastern islands are generally younger, still of considerable
sige and elevation, and clothed with endemics until present inter-
ference by mano

As the crow flies, the Island of Hawaii is less than thirty
miles distant from the Island of Maui, separated by the 6,000 foot
deep Alenuihaha Channele The possibility that these two islands have
ever been connected by a land bridge is extremely unlikely. Yet we
find that on Maui occur at least two taxa resembling the R. gigante-
us and R. skottsbergii complexeseThe former is more or less repre-
sented by two sheets, namely le) Forbes 1050M, "Keaenae [Keanaé} Gap,
Halehaku. Crater of Haleakala," East Maui, Auge 3, 1919. It bears a
typical diffuse inflorescence. The area, as we know personally, is a
dense, rainy jungle. 2.) GeRo Ewart III & G.C. Munro 63. "W. Maui,
Honokowai valley, Amalu branch, valley bottom, alte 2500 fte Dece 21,
1928." This bears a typical diffuse inflorescenceo

On the other hand, the members of the Ro skottsbergii complex are
le) CoN. Forbes 1067M. Crater of Haleakala, Maui. Aug. 6, 1919. It
bears a compact, erect inflorescence. 2.) James Henrickson 3878.
Haleakala Crater. In cindery s0il, base of sliding sands. July 15,
1969. It has a compact inflorescence: but the plant is said to be a

Uy PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 3

seven foot high shrub, which is several feet taller than typical Re
skottsbergii as we know it in and about Kilauea on the Island of Ha-=
waiie It appears to have red flowers a feature, if true, being more

typical of R. giganteuse

Even without special adaptaions for flotation or for transport by
animals, these native species of Rumex evidently traversed Alenuihaha

Channel separating Hawaii and Maui, if they did not come from some
third island such as Nihoa.

Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai and Molokai in past ages were once a single
island, before that time and after having been variously separated by
narrow channels. These now have an average depth of not more than
about 600 feet. Here Rumex need not have crossed any water to reach,
for instance, from Maui to Molokai from which latter island Hille=
brand reported "R. giganteus." He further states that the native name
on Hawaii is pawale and on Molokai, uhauhakoo

Uninhabited.Nihoa, 400 to 500 miles west of Maui where some taxa
of Re skottsbergii grow, has 895 foot high Miller's Peak and 852 foot
high Tanager Peak. These two are the opposite rims of a large eroded
crater. What plants clothed this high land in ages past? Was one of
them a Rumex? In what we call the Marie C. Neal Herbarium of the Ber=
nice Pauahi Museum are three sheets. They certainly belong, with
their erect, compact, apparently green inflorescences, to the Ro
skottsbergii complex. Due to their condition, however, we are not pre-
pared to state to which inferior taxon they may belong. They are 1.)
E.L. Caum 71. Alt. 300. Height £30 cm. "Shelves & holes in cliff newe
near summit peak." June 18, 1923. 2.) E» Christophersen. "Nihoa,
cliff under Miller's Peak, Ne side, el. 250 - 300 meters.” July 10,
1924. 3.) D. Yen 1015. "Devil's Slide, near Miller Peak. 600 ft. alt.
May 1969."

It is intriguing to speculate whether the Nihoa Rumex is not a mem-
ber of a very small relict flora, representing the genus which gradu-
ally disseminated eastward from the old, eroded islands to the new,
now major, islands of the Hawaiian chaine

This is not all. We must yet consider Rumex on the islands of Oahu
and Kauai. Oahu is separated from Molokai by the 2,300 foot deep and
30 mile wide Kaiwi Channel, and from Kauai by the 6,000 foot deep and
80 mile wide Kaieie Waho Channel. Formerly, Oahu consisted of two sep-
arate islands, the eastern one now dominated by the Koolau Range and
the western one dominated by the Waianae Range. We know the Koolaus
are more recent as well borings have shown that their lava flows over-
lie those of the Waianaes. No one has ever reported a native Rumex
from the Koolaus, but along the precipitous sunny summit cliffs,
ledges and slopes of the Waianaes grows the 5 - 8 cm. tall Re al-
bescens Hillebre It is an herb, rather than a shrub, with leaves
crisped and erose=denticulate. Skottsberg, perhaps depending too
much on herbarium material, had some difficulty in distinguishing
this species from Hawaii plants; while our observations in the field

Degener, Rumex of Hawaii

1971

sa 9aS

YALL
Wojjtime=.

or

Ms

SOS
eZ

Aj > Sp
7 2 _
é s ™ ae fi 5g Be: aes = Yes
. ,
< =A tae ~ Y As raf
“e. Lye 2 oO TA. a

4 > “ Z “ es > 3 “—— = q % EVE Bree

al S oes S Dee 4 = = Rh
~ ae = oe © i S R A) EK

iS ’ “eo fe (ash

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4

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Ws SN

Rumex skottsber

146 P Sirti Cire Vol. 21, no. 3

convince us of the correctness of ‘Hillebrand's finding. Though not
known from the Koolau Range of Oahu, this taxon, perhaps in several
varieties and forms, appears on the Island of Kauail It is signifi-
cant that Skottsberg, mentioning Chromosome Numbers in Hawaiian
Flowering Plants (Ark. f. Bote, Stockholm) 64. 1953, lists 36 as
the 2N for a Kauai plant and 54 or 56 for plant 6,828 from Hawaiie

The more we become familiar with native taxa, the more do we real-
ize how complicated the flora of the Hawaiian Islands is; Rumex is
just one example. Although one of us has observed and collected the
native taxa since 1922, we have solved just a few puzzles and drawn
attention to many, many more. The new generation of botanists should
concentrate on collecting more and better material, growing seeds
under controlled conditions, making additional chromosome counts, and
using newer and preciser methods unknown to workers of the paste The
present fad to engage in a wealth of costly ecological experiments
and studies without first untangling the taxonomy of our flora is
placing the cart before the horse.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS PETITIA. III
Harold N. Moldenke

PETITIA Jacq.

Additional & emended bibliography: Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat.
197. 1777; Schreb. in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 8 [9], 1: 72. 17893 Ja Fe
Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 245 & 943. 1789;
Schreb. in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 8 fo} 2: 863. 1791; Haenke in L.,
Gen. Pl., ed. 8 [10], 1: 10) (1791) and 2: 803. 1791; J. F. Gmel.
in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 2, 2: 245 & 943. 1796; H.B.K., Nov.
Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 201 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 28.
1818; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 358. 1819; Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term. 1:
Erk. Taf. 32, pl. 40, fig. 1718a. 1830; Bischoff, Organ. Syst.
Art. Regist. 13. 1849; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137.
1856; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Metcalfe &
Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 1035, 1037, & 1041. 1950; Kribs, Comm. For.
Woods, ed. 1, 143, fig. 331 (1950) and ed. 2, 160—161, fig. 331.
1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 533. 1963; F. A. Barkley, List
Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 76 & 196. 1965; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict.
Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 856 & 1021. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 236--
240. 1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 48 (23): B.A.S.1.C. S.132. 1967;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 8: 10560. 1967; Dandy, Reg. Veg. 51:
[Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl.] 71 & 121. 1967; Uphof, Dict. Econ. Pl., ed.
2, 398 & 541. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: 2. 1968; Hocking,
Excerpt. Bot. A.13: 569--570. 1968; Kribs, Comm. For. Woods, ed.
3, 160-161, fig. 331. 1968; Stearn, Humb. Bonpl. Kunth Trop. Am.
Bot. 16. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 698. 1969; Anon.,
Torrey Bot. Club Ind. Am. Bot. Lit. 3: 306 & 308. 1969; Moldenke,
Phytologia 18: 509. 1969; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 124--

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Petitia 147

125. 1969.

It should be noted here that the Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth
references given in the above bibliography have been authentica-
ted by Barnhart (1902) as to exact date of publication,

Airy Shaw (1966) places the genus Scleroodn Benth. in the syno-
nymy of Petitia, but it belongs, instead, in the synonymy of

Citharexylum B. Juss.

PETITIA DOMINGENSIS Jacq.
Emended synonymy: Citharexylum melanocardium Sw. ex J. F.

Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 943. 1789.

Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed.
13, pr. 1, 2: 245 & 943 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 2h5 & 943. 1796;
Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term. 1: Erk. Taf. 32, pl. 0, fig. 1718a.
1830; Bischoff, Organ. Syst. Art. Regist. 13. 1849; Garman, Myco-
logia 7: 333. 1915; J. C. Arth., Mycologia 9: 62. 1917; Kribs,
Comm. For. Woods, ed. 1, 143, fig. 331 (1950) and ed. 2, 160—161,
fig. 331. 19593; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 236—2),0. 1967; Kribs,
Comm. For, Woods, ed. 3, 160—161, fig. 331. 1968; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. 17: 2. 1968; Uphof, Dict. Econ. Pl., ed. 2, 398.
1968; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.13: 570. 1968; A. L. Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 18: 12)--125. 1969.

Additional illustrations: Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term. 1: pl.
0, fig. 1718a. 1830; Kribs, Comm. For. Woods, ed. 1, fig. 331
(1950), ed. 2, fig. 331 (1959), and ed. 3, fig. 331. 1968.

Uphof (1968) retains P. poeppigii Schau. as a distinct spe-
cies (surely it deserves no more than varietal or form status})
and accredits it to "Scheuer". He records the vernacular vari-
ant name "capa blanco" for the species and tells us that its wood
is light-brown to medium-brown, often variegated, with fine
straight to somewhat wavy grain, medium to high luster, very
hard, heavy, tough, and strong, it air-seasons rapidly, is easy
to work, moderately resistant to dry-wood termites, fairly durable
when in contact with the soil, and is recommended for furniture,
cabinet-making, turned articles, novelty items, interior paneling,
rollers in coffee-hulling mills, carts, posts, poles, piling, and
props. Of what he calls P. poeppigii he says "Tree. West Indies.
Wood strong, palisander |=Dalbergia]-colored; used for navy con-
struction". Kribs (1968) records the additional vernacular names
"fiddlewood", "guayo prieto", "roble guayo", "capa de sabanna",
"bois d'sortie", "chene calle bassie", and "capa wood" —- the last
being its commercial name. He describes the wood in detail as
"Color light yellowish brown with darker brown streaks and satiny
luster; appears waxy. Odor and taste not distinct. Hard and
heavy, sp. gr. 0.95 (air dry); weight, 59 lbs. per cu. ft. Grain
straight to wavy or roey. Texture fine. Easly to turn and carve
and takes a lustrous finish. Growth rings fairly distinct due to
color zones and an increase in fiber density. Vessels barely
visible without lens; numerous, evenly distributed to zonate,
solitary and in radial groups of 2—-l;; tang. diam. 70u to 215u,
av., 156u; lumina with tyloses; pits alternate, diam. 7u to 10u.

148 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 3

Fibers septate in part with simple pits. Parenchyma not distinct
with lens; paratracheal scanty to vasicentric uniseriate. Rays
barely visible without lens on the cross section; inconspicuous
on the radial, heterogeneous type III, 1--3, mostly 2--3 cells
wide and 10--20 cells high; lumina with very small crystals; ray-
vessel pits oval to elongate, simple to half-bordered. Ripple
marks absent. Gum ducts absent. Uses and source of supply fur-
niture and cabinets, interior finish, millwork, flooring, tool
and knife handles, rollers, posts, and turnery. West Indies."

Arthur (1917) describes the fungus, Olivea petitiae Arth.,
while Garman (1915) describes Septoria petitiae Garman from this
species.

Stimson found the plant in pastures with extensive secondary
growth and in dry scrub forests on mountainsides, describing it
as a small tree, with red fruit in July, and called "cap4
blanco", growing to be 20 or 30 feet tall, with a stem diameter of
6 inches at breast height. Little says that the fruits are red.
Gooding, Loveless, & Proctor (1965) tell us that Maycock recorded
the species from the Barbados islands, but that there has been
"no modern record of it" from there. Gillis 68)3 was taken from
plants that had escaped from cultivation.

Additional citations: FLORIDA: Dade Co.: Gillis 6843 (Ft—
3011). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Grand Bahama: Gillis 7791 (Go). New Prov-
idence: J. Popenoe s.n. [Sept. 25, 1963] (Ft—220), Ft). CUBA:
Oriente: Leén 1205b (W—2289328). PUERTO RICO: E. L. Little
13080 (N); Stimson 3181 (N), 3279 (N); Woodbury & Stimson 1313
(W—2512)19) .

PETITIA DOMINGENSIS var. EKMANI Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 20. 1967.

Liogier describes this plant as a shrub or tree, 2-8 m. tall,
the branches spreading, and the flowers greenish, growing in open
places on rocks above cliffs and in coastal thickets on dogtooth
limestone or "uncommon in thickets near seashore on dogtooth lime—
stone", at altitudes of 10--20 m., flowering in February.

Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Liogier
13759 (Ac, N), 13918 (N, Z).

PETITIA URBANII Ekn.

Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 533. 1963;
Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 20. 1967; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.13:
570. 1968.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XIV

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA L.

Additional & amended bibliography: L., Syst. Nat., ed. 7, 87 &
[227]. 1748; L., Gen. Pl., ed. 4, 415=-416 & [6]. 1752; L.,
Syst. Nat., ed. 8, 9 & [231] (1756) and ed. 10, 2: 883, 885, 89h,
& 897. 1759; L., Gen. Pl., ed. 6, 55 & [585]. 1763 Retz., Obs.
5: 1—2. 1789; Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3:
93—98. 1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1:
405--L11 & 41. 1820; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 1): 817--819.
1826; Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2: 15l--156. 186; Hassk.,
Pl. Jav. Rar. 90--l)91. 1848; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl.
Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 405 & 502--50. 1851; Van
Houtte, Fl. des Serres 30 [ser. 2, 13]: 127—128, pl. 1359. 1858;
W. B. Hemsl. in Godman & Salvin, Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot. 2: 538.
1882; W. B. Hemsl. in Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Res. Voy.
Challenger 3, Bot. 1: 110, 126b, & 176. 1885; K. Schun. & Hollr.,
Fl. Kaiser Wilh.-land 118--119. 1889; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Ag-
ric. Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2: (Jap. Laub. Winterzust.] 269, pl. 1h
[Tafel 10], fig. 8-10. 1895; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind.,
ed. 1, h: 106-108 & xii (1917) and ed. 2, 1311—1312. 1927; J.
M. Cowan, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 12: 29-31, 7, 48, 50, 65, & 68.
1929; Bor, Indian Forest Rec. 3: 152--195. 1942; Plouvier, Chen.
Abstr. 45: 52h. 1951; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: }0.
1953; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. [Enwm. Trachy. Jap. 7]:
46-47. 1955; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 27. 1959; Martin &
Barkley, Seed Ident.Man. 115 & 195, pl. 132, fig. 261 & 792.
1961; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763-76) & 997—998. 1965; Carrick &al.,
Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tokyo 16: 2436—2h1. 1968; Maiti, Bull. Bot.
Surv. India 10: 111--112. 1968; Farnsworth, Blomster, Quimby, &
Schermerhorn, Lynn Index 6: 261 & 262. 1969; K. C. Sahni, Indian
Forest. 95: 333, 335, & 346. 1969; Chan & Teo, Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Tokyo 17: 128)--1286. 1969; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man.
Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1259, 1313,
1339, 1805, 1808, 1809, 1827, 1828, 1846, 1870, & 1875. 1970;
Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (4): iii & items 3982, lik, &
4115 (1970), 5 (9): 44 & item 10008 (1970), and 5 (115: iii &
item 110. 1970; Willaman & Li, Lloydia Suppl. 33 (3a): 220.
1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 182—199, 50, 505, 507, 508, 511,
& 512 (1971) and 21: 32—55 & 101—11);. 1971.

Wallich's work (1820) is sometimes innacurately cited as "l:
394", that of Siebold & Zuccarini (186) as "(1): 526. 184",
and that of Masamune (1955) as "6 (1): 6".

Cuscuta coryli, a parasitic flowering plant, often attacks
members of the genus Callicarpa.

149

150 PR YF OL, 0.651 A Vol. 21, no. 3

CALLICARPA ACUMINATA H.B.K.

Additional & emended bibliography: Hassk., Cat. Pl. Bot. Bogor.
Alt. 136. 1844; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. &: 37. 1933; J. F.
Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): [Fl. Peru] 701. 1960; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 20: )87--\89 (1971) and 21: 101, 108, & 14.
1971.

Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: H. E. Moore 3392 (Ca——
919330, N). San Luis Potosf{: J. Rzedowski 10689a (Mi). Yucatdn:

Arrington & al. s.n. [27.1X.196h] (Ip).

CALLICARPA AMERICANA L.

Additional & emended bibliography: L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2:
894. 1759; Retz., Obs. 5: 2. 1789; Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst.
Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 93. 1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1
Carey & Wall.J, 1: 407 & 481. 1820; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed.
16, 1: 419. 1825; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust.
[Fl. Jard. Eur.) 3: 502. 1851; Martin & Barkley, Seed Ident. Man.
115 & 195, pl. 132, fig. 261 & 792. 1961; Farnsworth, Blomster,
Quimby, & Schermerhorn, Lynn Index 6: 262. 1969; Blair & Epps, U.
S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper SO.51: 1, [3], 9—ll, 1h, & 16--22.
1969; Blair & Epps, Biol. Abstr. 51: 11546. 1970; Moldenke in
Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. (Contrib. Tex. Res.
Found. Bot. 6:] 1339, 1805, 1808, 1809, 1827, 1828, 1870, & 1875.
1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 490-193 (1971) and 21: 35, 9,
50, & 102. 1971.

Emended illustrations: Martin & Barkley, Seed Ident. Man. 195,
pl. 132, fig. 261 & 792. 1961; Blair & Epps, U. S. Forest Serv.
Res, Paper SO.51: [3]. 1969.

Blair & Epps (1969) list this species as one of seven browse
species in Louisiana and state that it is "abundant in pine-
hardwood stands which have a relatively high canopy. It often
dominates the lower cover in a forest clearing." Traverse de-
scribes the plant as a shrub, 2--3 m. tall, with a base trunk
diameter of | cm., arching and sprawling, some weakly upright,
the stems brittle, the bark "with small warts and tubercles",
light-brown, the "berries" [drupes] green [when immature], grow-
ing in open woods above a backswamp, in dark-brown much-cracked
silty soil, in the dominant complex of Fraxinus-Gleditsia-
Liquidambar-Pinus taeda formation.

Additional citations: TEXAS: Chambers Co.: Traverse 823 (Go).

CALLICARPA AMERICANA var. LACTEA F. J. Muller

Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man.
Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:} 1339 & 1809.
1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 492-93. 1971.

CALLICARPA ANGUSTA Schau.

Additional & emended bibliography: Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp.
Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 75. 1886; Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 506. 1886;
Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 93 (1971) and 21: 108. 1971.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 151

CALLICARPA ARBOREA Roxb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind.,
ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 405—l06 & 81. 1820; Jacques & Hérinca,
Man, Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 503. 1851; K.
Schum. & Hollr., Fl. Kaiser Wilh.-land 19. 1889; Prain, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Beng. 62: 50, 5h, 55, & 7h. 1893; K. Schum. & Lauterb,,
Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 521. 1900; Heyne, Nutt. Piant.
Nederl. Ind., ed. 1, 107. 1917; J. M. Cowan, Rec. Bot. Surv.
India 12: 29—31, 7, 48, 50, 65, & 68. 1929; Bor, Indian Forest
Rec. 3: 152-195. 1942; K. C. Sahni, Indian Forest. 95: 333, 335,
& 346. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 493--495 (1971) and 21: 50,
103, & 108. 1971.

Prain (1893) records this species from Barren and Narcodam
islands in the Andamans group, while Sahni (1969) records it from
Nefa, India.

CALLICARPA CANDICANS (Burm. f.) Hochr.

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa euchlora Schau. ex K. Schum. &
Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 522, nom. nud. 1900.

Additional & emended bibliography: Retz., Obs. 5: 1—2. 1789;
Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 9h, 96, & 98.
1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 06—
407 & 481. 1820; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 1): 817 & 819.
1826; Hassk., Cat. Pl. Bogor. Alt. 136. 18; Jacques & Hérinca,
Man. Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Pl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 502. 1851; W. B.
Hemsl. in Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. Challenger 3,
Bot. 1: 110 & 176. 1885; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 1,
h: 107. 1917; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30: 26. 1926;
Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 2, 1311. 1927; Moldenke,
Phytologia 20: 495 & 499 (1971) and 21: 32, 36, 38, 7, h9, 50,
101--103, 108, & 114. 1971.

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) suggests that C. lanata Zipp.,
of Timor, may be conspecific with what he calls "C. cana", but I
place it in the synonymy of C. pedunculata R. Br. Sprengel
(1825) regarded C. tomentosa Willd. as a synonym of C. cana L.,
but I regard it as C. kochiana Mak., not C. nudiflora Hook. &
Arn. as previously stated.

Schumann & Lauterbach (1900) aver that C. candicans "ist im
Stidasien verbreitet bis zu den Philippinen und Australien. —
Burkill vermuthet, das C. euchlora Schauer mit ihr zusammen-
falit." Probably this binomial is a lapsus calami for C. erio~
clona Schau., but since it is here first published as a possible
synonym of C. candicans I am so regarding it — at least until I
succeed in locating the original Burkill reference.

The R. Parkinson s.n. [1901] and C. T. White 8981, distributed
as C, candicans, are actually C. pedunculata R. Br.

CALLICARPA CANDICANS var. SUMATRANA (Miq.) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed.
1, 4: 107 (1917) and ed. 2, 1311. 1927; Moldenke, Phytologia 21:

152 PHY TOLO0G IA Vol. 21, no. 3

32, 38, & 108. 1971.
This plant has been found growing in thickets or open places,
with immature fruit in February.

CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) K. Koch

Additional & emended bibliography: Roem. & Schult. in L.,
Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 97. 1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind.,
ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 410—L11 & 481. 1820; Jacques & Hérincq,
Man, Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 503. 1851; Van
Houtte, Fl. des Serres 30 [ser. 2, 13]: 127--128, pl. 1359. 1858;
Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 56. 1860; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo
Imp. Univ. 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] 269, pl. 1) [Tafel 10],
fig. 9. 1895; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763—-76h, 997, & 998. 1965; Farns-
worth, Blomster, Quimby, & Schermerhorn, Lynn Index 6: 262. 1969;
Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 91 (1971) and 21: 3-37, h2, 6, 9,
103, & 108. 1971.

Emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo
a igees 2: (Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] pl. 1) [Tafel 10], fig.
9. 1895.

The "C. ea" illustrated in Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres
30 [ser. 2, i: 127 & 128, pl. 1359 (1858), Lem. & Verschaf.,
Illust, Hort. 6: pl. 202 (1859), and Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 56
(1860) and often cited for C. dichotoma, is actually C. rubella
Lindl.

The Togasi 1667, distributed as typical C. dichotoma, is ac-
tually the type collection of f. albifructa Moldenke.

CALLICARPA ELEGANS Hayek
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 36. 1971.
The Ramos & Edaflo s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 49011], dis-
tributed and previously cited by me as C. elegans, actually

proves to be C. phanerophlebia Merr.

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA Schau.

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa repanda K. Schum. & Warb. apud K.
Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 522. 1900.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 95 (1971) .
and 21: 36—37, 50, & 103. 1971.

It is very probable that the C, euchlora Schau. of Schumann &
Lauterbach (1900) is only a misspelling of C. erioclona Schau.

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA var. PAUCINERVIA (Merr.) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 36—37.
1971.
Koidzumi (1918) avers that this taxon is remotely related to
C. nishimurae Koidz.

CALLICARPA FERRUGINEA Sw.

Additional & emended bibliography: Roem. & Schult. inlL.,
Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 95. 1818;Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén.
Pl. Arb. & Arbust. (Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 503. 1851; Moldenke, Phy-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 153
tologia 21: 37. 1971.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA Rolfe

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. ly: 452. 1919; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 38.
1947; Willaman & Li, Lloydia Suppl. 33 (3a): 220. 1970; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 36--39, 49, 101, & 102. 1971.

Merrill (1919) states that this species and Cc. obtusifolia
Merr. are "manifestly" related, the latter differing by its ellip-
tic to oblong-elliptic, usually rounded or obtuse, never acumin-
ate leaf-blades. Chang (1951) reduces C. formosana Rolfe and C.
aspera Hand.-Mazz. to synonymy under C. pedunculata R. Br., thus
following the disposition of Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921).

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA var. CHINENSIS P'ei
Additional bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
271, 273, 278, 282—283, & 311, fig. 1 & 2. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 38. 1971.
ices eee H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 273, fig. 1
& 2. 1951.

CALLICARPA HETEROTRICHA Merr.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Journ. Arnold Arb. 23: 192—193.
1942; R. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 0. 1953.

Merrill (1942) describes this taxon as follows: "Arbor 7--8 m.
alta, ramlis ultimis )--5 mm. diametro, densissime implicato-
pubescentibus, pilis brevioribus numerosissimis substellatis,
paucioribus intermixtis elongatis, depauperato-plumosis, subflac-
cidis, ad 3 mm. longis, indumento subferrugineo; foliis chartace-
is, integris, obovatis vel oblongo-obovatis, acutis vel breviter
acuminatis, basi acutis vel leviter decurrenti-acuminatis, 15—-20
em. longis, 6.5—10 cm. latis, supra olivaceis, ad costam nervos-
que dense pubescentibus, indumento ut in ramulis junioribus,
parenchymate pilis sparsis brevibus stellatis vel depauperato-
plumosis insperso, subtus pallidioribus sed haud albidis, ad
costam nervosque densissime, in parenchymate manifeste sed haud
dense stellato-pubescentibus, pilis superficiem haud occultan-
tibus; nervis primariis utrinque 9—ll, utrinque perspicuis, sub-
tus elevatis, curvatis, ad marginem arcuato~anastomosantibus,
reticulis primariis subparallelis; petiolo 1.5—-2.5 cm. longo,
indumento ut in ramulis junioribus; inflorescentiis multifloris,
cymosis, pedunculatis, 8—12 cm. longis dense villosis, pilis
stellatis et depauperato plumosis intermixtis; calycibus ob-
ovoideis, subtruncatis vel obscurissime 5-dentatis, extus dense
pallide pubescentibus, circiter 1 mm. longis; corolla 3 m. lon-
ga, sursum ampliata, tubo 2 mm. longo, lobis , suborbiculari-
obovatis, late rotundatis, 1 m. longis; staminibus 4, filamen-
tis gracilibus, glabris, longe exsertis, 6 mm. longis; antheris
ellipsoideis, 1 mm. longis; ovario globoso, glabro, stylo quam
filamentis paullo longiore."

The type of the species was collected by Paul Alfred Pételot
(no. 2608) in humid forests, at an altitude of about 600 m., on

15h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 3

Mount Bavi, Sontoy Province, Tonkin, Indochina, on July 2, 19h0,
and is deposited in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum at
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Merrill (192) comments that "In
Dr. Dop's key this falls with Callicarpa arborea Roxb. as inter-
preted by him, yet it differs from Roxburgh's species in so many
striking characters, and for that matter all other Chinese and
Indo-Malaysian species known to me, that I am constrained to de-
scribe it as new. The very dense indumentum on the branchlets,
parts of the inflorescences, petioles, and on the midribs and
lateral nerves on both surfaces of the leaves is made up of short
crowded stellate hairs and mich longer subplumose ones, the lat-
ter often 3 mm. in length, and usually with very few, short, lat-
eral branchlets, these lateral branchlets scarcely stellate in
arrangement. The shorter stellate hairs on the parenchyma on the
lower surface by no means conceal the latter, the more or less
scattered stellate hairs on other than the midrib and lateral
nerves scarcely touching each other."

CALLICARPA JAPONICA Thunb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Roem. & Schult. inL., Syst.
Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 96 & 97. 1818; Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric.
Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] 269, pl. 1, [Tafel
10], fig. 10. 1895; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30: 26.
1926; Pluvier, Chem. Abstr. 45: 52h. 1951; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 763--
76h, 997, & 998. 1965; Farnsworth, Blomster, Quimby, & Schermerhorn,
Lynn Index 6: 262 & 263. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 491 &
495--L.97 (1971) and 21: 33--35, 40--50, 101-104, & 106. 1971.

Emended illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo
Imp. ag 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] pl. 1) [Tafel 10], fig.
10. 1895.

Pluvier (1950) reports the presence of a fatty oil, a reducing
sugar, and pectin in the fruit of this species.

The Lindquist s.n. [25/9/1959], distributed as typical C. ja-~
ponica, is actually better placed as var. angustata Rehd.

Additional citations: JAPAN: Honshu: Jimbo s.n. [6/11/1927]
(Go); Kobayashi 16253 (Go), 1683 (Go).

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. ANGUSTATA Rehd.

Additional bibliography: Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 76 & 997. 1965; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 33, 35, 42—hh, 47, 48, 101, 103, & 113.
1971.

ee nal citations: JAPAN: Honshu: Lindquist s.n. [25/9/1959]
(Go).

CALLICARPA KOCHIANA Mak.

Additional & emended bibliography: Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst.
Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 93 & 95. 18183 A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
8: 37. 1933; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 76 & 998. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia
21: 32, 35, 2, L6—h7, 50, & 103. 1971.

The Kobayashi 15903, distributed as C. kochiana, is actually
C. mollis Sieb. & Zucc.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 155

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lan.

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén.
Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3: 503. 1851; W. B. Hemsl. in
Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. Challenger 3, Bot. 1:
110. 1835; K. Schum. & Hollr., Fl. Kaiser Wilh.-land 119. 1889;
K. Schum, & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 522. 1900;
Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 1, 107-108 (1917) and ed.
2, 1311--1312. 1927; Chan & Teo, Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tokyo 17:
1284—-1286. 1969; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (4): iii & item
114. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 101--11). 1971.

Blume (1826) describes the following two unnamed varieties:
"Variet a. foliis longiter acuminatis, serraturis distinctioribus,
cymis laxis petiolo longioribus. Crescit in terris argilloso-
calcareis. Variet b. foliis minute serrulatis glabriusculis.
Crescit in fruticetis montanis Seribu circa Rompieu." This refer
ence is sometimes inaccurately cited as "p. 808" instead of p.
818. An additional recorded vernacular name for the species is
"kajoe si marsioe-sioe".

The Wang 35683, distributed as typical C. longifolia, appears
to be f. floccosa Schau. instead.

Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Boeea
1086 (N).

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA f. FLOCCOSA Schau.
\ en synonymy: Callicarpa oblongifolia Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar.
90. 1848.

Additional bibliography: Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1:
420. 1825; Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 90--l\91. 1848; Heyne, Nutt.
Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 2, 1311—1312. 1927; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 21: 101—10, 106--109, & 112--11. 1971.

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in shrub thick
ets, secondary scrub, open bush country, often in red soil, on
level land or strand, on slopes of grassy hillsides, along trails,
near rivers, in the half-shade of rubber plantations, and at the
edge of forests or thickets, at altitudes from sealevel to 1400
meters, flowering from October to August and fruiting from Novem-
ber to September. Thaworn refers to it as "scattered in ever—-
green jungles" in Thailand, while Phloenchit also avers that it
is "not common in evergreen jungles" in that land. The Clemenses
tell us that it is a "common shrub in forests or thickets" in
Sarawak. On Anambas Island it is said by Henderson to be a com
mon shrub or small tree. Main found it "scattered in forests" in
Dutch New Guinea.

The corollas are described as "blue" on Goklin 788 and on Han-

1326, and Nur 18835, "purplish-white" on North Borneo Forest.

156 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 3
Dept. A.228, "yellow" on Arsat 1158, "green" on North Borneo

Forest. Dept, A.57, "light-green” on North Borneo Forest. Dept.

land 3653, H. G. Keith 1166, Kornassi 773, Krukoff 035, North
Borneo Forest. Dept. A.1558 & A.2010, and Pleyte 667.

The Sumatran specimens are in general more hairy than those
from most other localities, with the pubescence less distinctly
stellate. A wood collection accompanies H. H. Bartlett 6936 at
the University of Michigan and R. S. Williams 2116 at the New
York Botanical Garden. The leaves are insect-galled on Bakhuizen
van den Brink 1903, while the fruits are galled on the same col=
lector's no. 186. Bunnemeijer 3783 has very tomentose stems and
bears a striking likeness to the genus Geunsia. Lam 2049 is
placed here tentatively, since it comprises only unattached
fruit.

The C. lanceolaria ascribed to "Hort." belongs in the synonymy
of typical C. longifolia Lam. H. J. Lam (191), 1919) includes C.
albida Blume in the synonymy of his C. cana var. sumatrana (Miq.)
H. J. Lam, a taxon now known as C. candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.)
Moldenke. Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965), however, re-
gard C. albida Blume as a valid species, with C. blumei Zoll. &
Moritzi and "C. longifolia Auct. non Lamk." as synonyms. From
this supposed synonymy and from their description it would appear
that they are adopting this name for both what I regard as typi-
cal C. longifolia Lam. and its f. floccosa Schau. Their composite
description reads as follows: "Wild-growing. Drupe white; cymes
on 1/2 —- 1 1/4 cm long peduncles, stellate-hairy, 3--7 cm across;
calyx shortly dentate, glabrous or stellate-hairy, 1 1/h -- 1 3/h
mm high; corolla lilac, 2 1/2 -- 3 mm high, shortly lobed; lobes
rounded, outside glabrous or stellate-hairy; stamens lilac, 3--5
mm; style )—-7 mm. Young branches densely to thinly stellate-
hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute, finely serrate-
dentate, gland-dotted beneath or sometimes on both surfaces, when
adult thinly stellate-hairy or glabrous on the upper surface (of-
ten with the exception of the large nerves), stellate-hairy or
glabrous on the lower surface, 7--18 cm by 21/2 — 61/2 a;
petiole 3/4 — 2 cm. Shrub or small tree. 1.50--6.00; I1--X1I;
W.C.E., Mad.; 1—1700; brushwood, light forest, village-groves.
Variable! (C. blumei Z. & M., — C. longifolia Auct. non Lamk.)."

Singh tells us that the plant is native to eastern Bengal and
the Khasi Hills. Rao & Rabha (1966) record it from Assam, while
Deb, Sengupta, & Malick (1968) found it in Bhutan, citing Sen-
gupta 896.

Chang (1951) maintains both C. longifolia f. floccosa and var.
lanceolaria as valid taxa. For the former he cites nos. 28677,
66799, & 68796 and for the latter nos. 100, 3282, 27118, 3335h,
36332, 62267, 66029, & 71071 of collectors and/or herbaria whose

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 157

names, unfortunately, he gives only in Chinese characters.

Common and vernacular names recorded for C. longifolia f. floc
cosa are “bagiha", "balah balah", "betoe-betoe", "betoe-betoe
balab", "common callicarpa", "dotdrot", "kajoe bebetik", "kajoe
sioe-sioe", "kapasan", "katoempang soend", "ki katoempang tanar",
"leloya", “marbasi", "mumuni", "nasi-nasi", "paroeh", "saring
nudat", "sasad", "si marsioe-sioe", and "sioe-sioe".

Roxburgh (1820) describes his C. lanceolaria as "Shrubby,
hairy. Leaves lanceolar, serrulate, acuminate. Panicles axil-
lary, short—peduncled, sub-globular. Berries white. H. Koamoora.
A pretty, shrubby species, with narrower leaves than any of the
other species I have yet met in India, they taper most toward the
base, are nearly smooth on the upper surface, but very hoary un-
derneath; as are all the other tender parts. Flowers numerous,
minute, purple. A native of the forests of Silhet, where it is in
flower most part of the year." He describes "C. longifolia Linn.
sp. pl. ed. Willd. i. 621", on the other hand, as "Shrubby with
erect weak branches. Leaves rather long-petioled, broad-lanceo-
late, serrulate, smooth above, downy underneath. Panicles axil-
lary, dichotomous, length of the pedicels. Berries white. A na-
tive of Prince of Wales Island, where it blossoms in June, July
and August." It would appear from his statement that the leaf-
blades are "downy underneath" here also, that his plant was also
f. floccosa rather than the typical C. longifolia Lam., although
I would have expected C. pedunculata R. Br. at that locality.
The specimen on which this record is based should be re-examined.
Watt (1889) claims that what he calls C. longifolia var. lanceo-
laria is native to eastern Bengal, the Khasi Hills, Chittagong,
and Burma.

The statement by Bentham & Mueller (1870) that the C. longi-~-
folia of Australia has its "corolla densely pubescent" causes me
to wonder if f. floccosa may not also be involved here, although

the statement in the same sentence that the leaves are "green on
both sides" points to the typical form and I have thus far seen
only specimens of the typical form from that continent.

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) describes this form as "Forma?
floccosa Schau. in DC. Prod. Syst. Nat. XI (1847) p. 645. —A
stout shrub or small tree; branchlets, cymes, and petioles dense-
ly floccose-hairy; leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate, distinct-
ly serrulate-denticulate, upper side sparsely stellate-hairy when
adult, or glabrescent, except on the nerves, lower side rather
densely floccose; cymes stout, globose, usually rather short-
petioled; calyx densely and floccosely stellate-hairy; corolla
purple or rose, densely woolly outside."

The Clemens & Clemens 3029 & 21090, Krukoff 053, Mondi 23, G.
E. Perry 5228, Toroes 16), C. Wang 35683, and R. S. Williams 2116,
cited below, were previously regarded by me as representing typi-
cal C. longifolia and were so annotated by me in some herbaria. I
feel now, however, that they are better placed in f. floccosa.
The Elmer 20102 & 2002, cited by me under typical C. longifolia,

158 Pi ¥F 0.L-0 Gs Vol. 21, no. 3

actually show the lower surface of the younger leaf-blades same-
what floccose, but the mature leaves seem to be glabrate beneath,
so I am retaining these collections under the typical form of the
species. Elmer 15336 and Lei 11) also seem to exhibit intermedi-
ate characters, some specimens more closely approaching the typi-
cal form, while others approach f. floccosa.

The Hamel & Toroes 1165, Hollrung 817, Hoogland 3653, Native
Collector 27 273, and De De D. Wood 75, cited below, are placed here here
tentatively. Some specimens | of these sori dctions are also cited
by me under typical C. longifolia. These specimens were mostly
annotated by me a considerable number of years ago, before my
present concepts of the delimitation of these taxa has crystal-
lized. They need to be re-examined.

H. J. Lam (192) cites Schlechter 13818 & 16453 from North-
eastern New Guinea and Peekel 62 from New Ireland. The second
of the Schlechter collections, “however, is cited by me as typical
C. longifolia.

Material of C. longifolia f. floccosa has been misidentified
and distributed in herbaria under the names C. angusta Schau., C.
attenuatifolia Elm., C. attemifolia Elm., C. - longifolia Lam., C.
longifolia var. subglabra Schau., and C. rubella Lindl.

In all, 08 herbarium specimens and 4 mounted photographs of
C. longifolia f£. floccosa have been examined by me.

Citations: CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Chun & Tso 353
(N); F. C. How 72820 (Bi); Lei 111, in part (Bi, Bz--100\3); Li-
ang 64465 64L65 (N), 6652 (N); F. A. McClure 3195 [Herb. Canton, Chr.
Coll. ~~ 9743) (Ca—28685, Ca-- 366339); C 3 Ce Wang 35399 35399 (N, W—
1670546) , 35683 (Go, N), 36336 (N, W—-1670667). TH THAILAND: Mrs.

D. J. Collins ins 2365 (W—-1701690) ; Hansen & Smitinand 12028 (Cp, Cp, Rf);
Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 48) (Ac, (Ac, Rf), 799 (Ac, Rf); | Phloan-
chit 75 [Herb. Roy. Forest. Dept. 8985] (2), | 498 [Herb. Roy. For-
est. Dept. 10023] (Ss); Thaworn 282 (Herb. Roy. Forest. Dept.
12359] (Sm). ‘INDOCHINA: Annam: Clemens & Clemens 3029 (Ca—3)0L55,
Gg--156760, N), 3481 (Ca—30208). Cochinchina: Poilane 40816 (B).
State undetermined: G. E.. Perry 5228 [Pulo Condot] (N, S). MALAYA:
Johore: Herb. Hort. Bot. - Bogor.13074 (Bz); Herb. Hort. Bot. Singap.
gen. [Aug. 1938] (Ba--72763); Holttum 9237 (Bz—72768) , “10924 (Bz--
72769). Kelantan: M. R. Henderson rson 19633 ( (Bz—72767, Ca——3)2714),
Malacca: Griffith s.n. [Malacca] (Bz—-18033). Pahang: Kiah bin
Hadji & Strugnell 23959 (N); Nur 11102 (Bz~-18037), 18835 ( Bz—
72766), 32651 (Ca--3259). Perak: "Spare. 34553 (Bz—-72764). MALAYAN
ISIANDS: Palau Tioman: Nur 18835 (Ca——318639). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS:
Catanduanes: M. Ramos s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 30328] (N, N,
W--129)193). Luzon: Fénix s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 28018}
(W--1375173); Ramos & . Edafio s.n sen. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 29116]
(W—1376038), sen. sen. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 33905] (W—~-12635)3).

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 159

Mindanao: Elmer 13536, in part (Bz--179)2); E. D. Merrill 8057
(Bz—-17941, W--901898); R. S. Williams 2116 (It, N, W—707621).
Tawitawi: Ramos & Edafio s.n. . (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 4,061] (Ca—
257637), SN. yen. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sei. 064] (N), s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 326] (Ca—-257636, N). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS:
Anambas: M. R. Henderson 2091 (Ca). Banka: Amand s.n, (Ut—
49888, Ut——l9889) ; Anta s.n. [Kostermans 1167-116] (Bz--73013);
Berkhout 300 (Bz—-17995), 506 (Bz—-17992, Bz—17993); Btinnemeijer
1521 1521 (Bz--18000), 188) (Bz—-18001), 2357 (Bz—18082), 2390 (Bz—
17999, Bz—25)70); Kob Kobus s.n. (Bz—1799h) 5 Teijsmann 3254 H.B.
(Bz—17996), s.n. (Muntak] | (Bz—17997) « Billiton: Teijsmann s.n.
[Billiton] (Bz—18006); Vordermann s.n. [Billiton] (Bz--18005).
Bintan: Biinnemeijer 621) (Bz—18016), 6498 (Bz—18021), 6514 (Bu—
18020). Borneo: Bianehi 48 (Bz—-17704); D Dunselman 161 (Ba—
17699); Endert 325) (Bz—72706); Enoh 267 (Bz—72988), 398 (Ba—
72987); H. Hallier B.309 (Bz——180)6); Ilaim 1722 (Bz—72986); Ja-
heri 1417 (Bz—17696); Mondi 23 (Bz—17700, Bz—25,72, N, Ut—
34060a); Polak 659 (Bz—72989); Rutten 263 (Ut—22677), 159 (Bzu—
17698, Ut— t—22675), 762 (Ut—1061); Winkler 212 (Bz—-17707) «
Celebes: Bunnemeijer 1063 r 10643 (Bz—17950), 110: lok (B (Bz—17951), 11707
(Bz—17952), 12580 (Bz—179L9); Kjellberg 397 (Bz—-1794k), 725 _
(Bz—-17943); Koorders 19)86b [3360] (Bz--17953, Bz—25)73),
19489b [2952] (Bz--17954); Rachmat 62) (Bz—-179)5); J. G. F. Rie-
del s. sen. [Gorontalo] (Bz—179)7, Bz—-17948). Java: Backer 57
(Bz—17842), 940 (B2—17769), 5890 (Bz—17773), 9099 (Bz—17770),
13935 (Bz—17825), 17127 (Bz——-17738), 18454 (Bz—17859, Bu—
17860), 210h9 (B2—17608), 2250h (Bz—-177h3), 2276 (Bz—-177h2),

248778), 807 (oe 178i), 901 (Bz—17778, Bz—-17779), 1493 (Bz—
17758), "17h (Bz--17757, ’ vt—80687) , 1877 (Bz--17762, Ut—2h879a),
1903 (Bz—17759, Bz—17760), 4662 (Bz—17777), L815 [563] (Bza—
17790), 7210 (Bz—17730) 5 Beumée 2320 (Bz—17856), 2433 (Bz—
17872), 2716 (Bz—-17873), 3820 (Bz—17855), 5572 (pz—1785h),
A303 (Bz—17787) ; Blume s.n. ‘en. [Java] (N, N); Buw Buwalda 7528 (Bz—
72898); Forbes 408 (Bz—17867, Bz—17868) ; Garoet & | & Burck Es)
(Bz—17832); Gebruik 81 (Ca—79221)); H. Hallier 81 (Ca—918388),
270 (Bz--177k7, Bz—177h8), son. [28.VIII.1896) (Bz—177)0, Bu—
1771); Herb. Bogoriense 1780) (Bz), 17866 (Bz); Karta 392 (Bz—
17917); Koens sen. [Mei 1912) (Bz—1787h) ; Kollman s.n. - (Java,
1838] (M, M); Koorders 970ljb [2225f] (Bz—17878, Ut-—802)0),
22108b [109%] (Bz—-17901, Bz—17902), 22985b [50*] (Bz—17881,
Bz—2547h), 23130b [3033*] (Bz—17877), 26857 [312*] (Bz—17899,
Bz——17900), 29460b [506] (Bz--17879, Bz—17880), 30239b (Ut—
53167), 30 30750b Ob [761*] (Bz—17888) , 312796 [154.3%] (Bz—17889,
Bz—17890) , L036 [32*] (Bz—17891, Bz—17892); Kuntze s.n.

160 PHYTOLOGTIA Vol. 21, no. 3

[1875] (N); Lorzing 381 (Bz--17850); Mousset 1048 (Bz—-17875) ;
Saimoendt 20 (Bz—17727, Ca--308072); Scheffer s.n. [29/5/1871]
(Bz—-17785), s.n. [3/10/71] (Bz—17783), s.n. [10/10/1871] (Bz—
17801), sen. [23/6/1872] (Bz—-17803), s.n. (Bz—17802); Soegan—
diredja 36 36 (B2—17796, Ba—-17797), 285 (Bz--17792, Bz—17793) 5
Tei jsmann n 1,0 (Bz—17826, Bz—17827) ;'‘T Thorenaar 171 (Bz--178é6l,
Bz-—17862) , > 354 (Bz—-17863, Bz--1786)); Van St Van Steenis 45 (Bz—
18047), 5674 . (Bz—178h)) ; Vordermann "YY" (Bz—17852) ; | Winckel 8
(Ut—58388) , 181 (Ut—-53166), 181b (Bz—1776h) , 462b (Bz—-17791) ,
727 (Bz—~17775), 86lib (Bz—-17765, Bz--17766), 872b (Bz——17767,
Bz—17768), 1636b (Bz—17788), sen. [9 Aug. '17] ] (Bz—180h0), s.
ne [20/1/1918] (Ut—-53169) . Kambangan: Collector I ndig. 116
(Ut—~21052) . Lingga: Biinnemeijer 6772 (Bz—-18011). Oedjan:
Biinnemeijer 6454 (Bz—-18017). Pageh: | Loeb 91 Se tens Pa-
pan: Bunnemeijer 7795 (Bz--18015). Riouw: Teijsma mn_s.n. [Riow]
(Bz—-1802)). Sabah: Arsat 1158 (N); Cuadra s.n. [North Borneo
Forest. Dept. A.22),8] (W—2210675); Goklin 788 (N); Kadir s.n.
(North Borneo Forest. Dept. A.574] (W--2187085), s.n. [North Bor—
neo Forest. Dept. A.658] (W--2210792), s.n. [North Borneo Forest.
Dept. A.2010] (W--2187121] (W—-2187121); H. G. Keith 1166 (N, W—
1674530); Tangualon bin Tiluan s.n. [North Borneo Forest. Dept.
A.1558] (W——2187117); Villamil 27 (Ph, W—13768h0); D. D. Wood
785 (Ca--215142, W--1291621). Salajar: Bunnemeijer 6550 (: (Bz--
18012), 7406 (Bz—18010). Sarawak: W. M. A. Brooke 9011 (W—
2319758); Cl Clemens & Clemens 20193 [field no. 7162] (Bz--17701,

N), 21090 [field no. 143] (N), 21785 [field no. 5655] (N); Fox-
worthy 261 hy 281 (W—713261); Native Collector 273 (Ca--213855, ray
1173912), 521 (W--117398)), 1077 (W-—117089); Purseglove P.

5167 (N). " Siantan: Van Steenis mis 850 (Bz—-18022, Bz—18023). Si-
berut: Boden-Kloss 164 (Bz--18053, Ca--2868),8); Iboet 138 (Bz—
18054). Simalur: Achmad ), (Bz—18026, Bz--18027), 182 (Bz—
18025, Ut--5 3168). ~ Sumatra: Ajoub 299 299 (Bz—17986) ; Bangham &
Bangham 640 (N), 987 (W)5 H. H, Bartlett 6936 (Mi, N, W—1551888),

1051007) ; ane 6508 (Mi), 8125 (Mi, W—168258), 9049 (Mi, ),
9396 (Mi, N), 9549 (Mi, N); Bruinier 189 (Bz—-17958); Bunnemeijer
136 (Bz--17981), 253 (Bz--17982), 506 (Bz—1798), 1100 (Bz—
17983), 3783 (Bz--17977, Bz--17978, Ba—25476, Ut—58352); Burck
Sone [1883] _ (Bz~-17991); Daalen 39h (Bz--17985); Docters van n Lee~
uwen-Rei jnvaan 3288 (Bz—17966) ; “Galoenji i Tia (Bz—1797h); G Gus—
dorf 3 (Bz--17989); Hamel & Toroes 1165 (Mi, S); Koorders 10602b
[16] (Bz--17998); Krukoff 1035 (Br, Bz--17955, N, W—1750502);
Lérzing 1001 (Bz--17972), 3137 (Bz--17970), 3806 (Bz—-17971),
1,609 (B2—-17967, Bz—-17968), 1,763 (Bz—17969), 6858 (Bz—-17957),

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 161

9161 (Bz—-17965); Lorzing & Jochems 7572 (Bz—17956); Ouwehand
2h (Bz—-17987, Bice Rutten-Kooistra 9 (Bz—17959); Sai Saimo-
endt 38 [Posthumus 99] (Bz—17962, Ut—96538) ; Toroes 164 (ii, | N,
S), 3002 (Ca—530971, Mi, N, W—~1861277), 4069 (W--10807L5), 4293.
(Ww) » 4962 (N, W—1681078) ; Van Steenis 3653 (B (Bz—18050), 5755
(Bz—17973), 5769 (Bz—17960), 5926 (Bz—17961); H. S. Yates 653
(Ca—23089, Mi), 1066 (Mi), 1486 (Bz—18051, eee Mi, N),
1604 (Ca—263963, Mi). Tello: Raap 36 (Bz—18002), 42 (Bz—18003),
57 57 (Bz—1800}) . Toedjoeh: a 5958 (Bz—18019) . LESSER
SUNDA ISLANDS: Timor: Teijsmann 8922 (Bz—17923). MOLUCCA IS-
LANDS: Buru: Boerlage 553 (Bz—17930, Bz—-17931); Teijsmann s.n.
[Boeroe Kajeli] (Bz—17932). Ceram: Buwalda 586 (Bz——729)8) ;
Kornassi 646 (Bz—-17927), 773 (Bz--17928, 928, Ut—80197) ; Rutten 356
(Bz—17926, Ut—802i1), 2122 (Bz—1792h, Bz—-17925). Sanana:

Atje 3 (Bz—1793k, Bz—17935). AROE ISLANDS: Kobrodr: Buwalda
5103 (Bz—72573, Ng, Ng--1693). NEW GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea:

Aet 108 (Bz—-72569); Atasrip ll (Bz—1790); Djamhari 342 (Bz—
72894); Lam 2049 (Bz—25478); Main 11 (B2—72861, Ng, Ng—16950);
Meijer Drees , S43 (Bz—-72972); Pleyte je 667 (Bz—-72862, Ng—16958);

(B2—17937) ; Thomsen 66 (Bz—17939, Ut—30hla). dane tary of
New Guinea: M.S. Cl S. Clemens 11066 (Mi); Hollrung 817 (Bz—17936).
Papua: Brass ; 1015 (Bz~-18060) , 1415 (Bz—18059); C C. E. Carr 15872
(N); Chalmers s.n sen. (Mb); Hoogland nd 3653 (Ng, Ng——16835, W—

221% 34). Province undetermined: M.S S. Clemens 8280b (B). CUL-
TIVATED: India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. Son. . Son. (Mu, N N—photo, N—
photo, Z—photo, Z—photo); U. Singh 81 (Ca—361002). Java:
Herb. Hort. Bot. Bogor. XV.JA.XXIX. (Bz, Bz, Bz, Bz—-26360,
Bz—26361), XV.J.A.Xi1X.ha (Bz, Bz, Bz, Bz-—-26362, Bz—26363),
XV .J AeXXX~5 (Bz—-17709), XV.J.A. XXX.5a (Bz—17708), XV.J.A.XLV.
3 (Bz—-17706, Bz--25469, Ca—301567), sen. (Bz—17711, Bz—17712,
Bz—1771s, Bz--17715, Bz--17716, Bz—17717, Bz—18028, Bz—18029,
Bz——-18030) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Teijsmann s.n.
"Blitoeng] (Bz—18007). Ta

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA var. HORSFIELDII (Turcz.) Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 7: 77. 1959.

Synonymy: Callicarpa horsfieldii Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Mosc. 36 (2): 217. 1863. Callicarpus longifolia var. horsfieldii
(Turcz.) Moldenke apud Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.l: 592, sphalm.
1962.

Bibliography: Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 217.
1863; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1:

1893; Koord . & Valet., Bijdr. Kenn. Boomsort. Java 7: 175. 1900;
Koord., Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 134. 1912; H. J. Lam, Verbenac.
Malay. Arch. 51, 91, & 362. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull.

162 Pa YT 0-26 Gre Vol. 21, no. 3

Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 27. 1921; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 6 & 87. 192; Jacks. in Hook. f. &
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke,
Pl. Life 2: 65. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 2, 14) & 177. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 189 & hi). 1959; Molden-
ke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 13, 16, & 2h. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 7:
77. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386.
1960; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1687--1688. 1960; Hocking, Ex-
cerpt. Bot. Aw: 592. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 6 & 8.
1966.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its petioles, leaf-venation, and inflorescence densely
pubescent, the leaf-blades distinctly rhomboid-ovate, the margins
very coarsely callose-serrate except at the acuminate apex and
long cuneate-acuminate base, and the calyx-rim 5-toothed.

The type of the variety was collected by Thomas Horsfield —
in whose honor it is named -—- somewhere in Java and is deposited
in the herbarium of the Botanical Garden at Kharkov State Univer-
sity in Kharkov, Russia.

Turezaninow's original description of this taxon is "C. ramis
tetragonis simplicibus cum petiolis, nervis foliorum, atque in-
florescentia dense pubescentibus; foliis rhombeo-ovatis utrinque
longe attenuatis, a medio ad apicem grosse et callose serratis,
in utraque pagina pilis raris conspersis et resinoso-punctatis;
cymis brevibus petiolos parum excedentibus; calycis dentibus 5
triangularibus majusculis, corollae tubo fere duplo brevioribus;
staminibus ), pyrenis apice barbatis, in statu maturo liberis.
In Java legit Horsfield. A duabus species, ad § 1 in prodromo
Candollii relatas jam differt dentibus calycinis quinque." Lam
(1919) describes it as "A shrub, branchlets, petioles and cymes
densely hairy; branchlets tetragonous; leaves ovate-rhomboid,
both sides long attenuate, upper half coarsely serrate, sparse-
ly pubescent on both sides, glandular, densier on nerves; cymes
small, as long as or somewhat longer than petioles; calyx 5-
toothed; teeth deltoid, rather large; corolla-tube twice as long
as the teeth of the calyx; stamens ; ovary hairy at the top.
Distribution: Java. This very imperfectly described species, of
which we did not see any specimen, seems to be somewhat doubtful,
as regards the 5-toothed calyx, of which the teeth are large-
deltoid." Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) avers that "This
doubtful species perhaps is to be considered as an abnormal form
of C. longifolia Lam @ floccosa Schau."

Only two photographs of the type collection have been ex-
amined by me.

Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Java: Horsfield s.n. (Z—
photo of type, Z—photo of isotype).

ee LONGIPES Dunn, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 38: 363.
1908.

Synonymy: Callicarpa panduriformis Léveillé in Fedde, Repert.
Spec. Nov. 9: 455. 1911. Callicarpa cuspidata Bakh. (in part)

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 163

apud P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 17, in syn. 1932 [not Cc.
cuspidata Hassk., 1921, nor Roxb., 1814]. Callicarpa cuspidata
Lam & Bakh. apud Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 27), in syn. 1951.

Bibliography: Dunn, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 38: 363. 1908;
Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 455. 1911; Prain, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 4, pr. 1, 34. 1913; Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Gesamt-
verz. 58. 1914; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; Bakh.
in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sere 45 zy lg 1921;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 226. 192k; Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 15, 17--18, 33, 40, & 41, pl. 1.
1932; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 508. 1932; Mol-
denke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 10. 190; Worsdell, Ind.
Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 191; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 8.
1942; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56 & 87
(1942) and ed. 2, 131 & 177. 1993; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139.
1949; Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: [269], 274-—-275, 309, & 311.
1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 121. 1952; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
lh, pr. 2, 3h. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 168, 22, 245, & hhh. 19593
Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia
8: 273. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 8. 1962; Hocking, Ex-
cerpt. Bot. A.6: 535. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 59, 99, &
12 (1966), 16: 365 (1968), and 21: 49, 54, 102, 107, & 109. 1971.

Illustrations: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): fverbenac.
China] pl. 1. 1932.

Perennial herb or shrub, about 1m. tall, softly villous
throughout except for the flowers, usually with simple hairs;
leaves sessile or subsessile to short-petiolate; petiole (when
present) to 5 mm. long; leaf-blades papyraceous or chartaceous,
obovate or oblong, --13 cm. long, 1.5--5.5 cm. wide, acuminate
at the apex, coarsely mucronate-—dentate along the upper margins,
gradually narrowed from the middle to the rounded or subcordate
to cordate base, softly villous; secondaries about 7 per side;
peduncles slender, 1.2--3.5 cm. long, villous—pubescent; cymes
small, axillary, dense; pedicels to 2 m. long; calyx 2 m.
long, villous-pubescent and glandulose outside, glabrous within,
the rim -toothed or -lobed, the lobes or teeth lanceolate, 1.3
or more mm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, extending to
the middle of the calyx; corolla pinkish or red to light—purple
or purple, about 4 mm. long, puberulent or pubescent outside,
glabrous within, the tube 3.5 mm. long, slightly oblique, grad-
ually ampliate above, the limb l-lobed, the lobes 1 mm. long,
obtuse at the apex; stamens ,, inserted near the base of the
corolla-tube, exserted, 8--9 mm. long; anthers oblong, 1.5 mm.
long, glandulose on the connective; style filiform, surpassing
the stamens, ampliate at the apex; ovary glandulose; fruit
pale- or deep-lilac,.

This species was based by Dunn on Hongkong Herb. 3390, col=-

lected in natural woods near Yenping, Fukien, China, in 1905.

Callicarpa panduriformis is based on Chaffanjon 231 from Kwei-
chow, China. For a time I considered this taxon to be synony-
mous with C. rubella var. hemsleyana Diels, but I now regard it

164 Par toL0 G ia Vol. 21, no. 3

as conspecific with C. longipes. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921)
regards C. longipes as a synonym of C. cuspidata Roxb., which,
however, “is actually C. pedunculata RK. Br. The C. cuspidata ac-
credited to Hasskarl is C. C. longifolia Lam., while that accredited
to Bakhuizen van den Brink is in part C. rubella Lindl. and in
part C. longipes.

Recent collectors have found C. longipes growing in forests,
mixed woods, and thickets, at altitudes of 700 to 820 meters,
flowering in June and fruiting in December. They record the ver—
nacular name "sai ip un mat". The specific epithet is uppercased
by some writers, for no valid reason. The corolla is described
as "pinkish" on Ching 3230, "red" on Peng, Tak, & Kin 561, "red-
dish-white" on Sin 10020, "light-purple" on Tsiang 10159, and
"purple" on H. H. Chung 3370.

P'ei (1932) comments that "The Fukien plant, Chung 3370, has
coursely dentate leaves which are larger than those of the type
and of Peng, Tak and Kin 561. The floral characteristics are the
same in all the specimens cited. This species, as the leaf char-
acters, concerned closely resembles Callicarpa Dielsii P'ei dif-
fereing from it by its long acuminate calyx lobes por denser pub—
escence on both surfaces of the leaves." He cites a Ching 3230
from Anhwei and Chun 5689 & 5777 from Kwangtung, Soubtiewe depos-
ited in the Arnotd Arboretum her herbarium, and an isotype (Hongkong
Herb. 3390) in the same herbarium. He notes under what he calls
Cc. C. dielsii that "It appears to me to be closely related to Calli-
carpa 1 pa longipe s Dunn, the difference being the truncate calyx of of
Callicarpa Dielsii (Lévl.) P'ei while that of C. longipes Dunn.
is toothed." We now regard his C. dielsii asa a variety of C.
rubella Lindl., namely, C. rubella var. var. dielsii (Léveillé) Li.

Dop (1932), in describing C. br C. bracteata Dop, | Dop, says "Cette es-
péce est voisine du C. longifolia Lam. Elle s'en distingue
aisément par les pédoncules des cymes beaucoup plus longs, les
bractées foliacées. La longueur du pédoncules la rapprocherait
du C. longipes Dunn de Chine et de Hongkong j mais les feuilles
longuement attenuées » la calice 4 dents trés petites, 1'eloign-
ent nettement du C. longipes & feuilles arrondies ou cordées 4
la base et a calice divisé jusqu'au milieu."

Chang (1951) cites Tse Hai 57 and nos. 95, 962, 3370, 3927,
W729, $689, 5777, S88, 7059, 8666, 12008, 21185, 21320, 25151,
25319, 31621, & 43103 of collectors Spar aes herbaria for which he
gives the names, unfortunately, only in Chinese characters,

Material of C. longipes has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. formosana Rolfe, C. giraldiana
Pamp., C. longifolia Lam., and C. rubella var. hems leyana Diels.

In all, 14 herbarium specimens and 3m 3 mounted photographs, in-
cluding type material of both names involved, have been examined
by me.

THE GENUS COLUMNEA (GESNERIACEAE) IN PANAMA

C. V. Morton

I have been working from time to time on Columnea in Panama and
Costa Rica for many years. My treatment of the Costa Rican species
was published in Standley's "Flora of Costa Rica" in 1938, but I hav
not published a key to the Panamanian species, which are even more
numerous than the Costa Rican perhaps, although there are several
Costa Rican species as yet undescribed. It seems that almost every
new collection from virgin forests in Central America and Colombia
yields undescribed species. When forests are cleared it appears
that Columneas are completely exterminated and do not come back in
secondary growth, which explains why several of the species have
been found only once, and may never be found again.

The division of Columnea into sections by Hanstein, Bentham and
Hooker, and by Fritsch is not wholly satisfactory. The matter needs
to be considered in depth. Very recently, William T. Stearn
published a beautifully prepared and documented paper "The Jamaica
Species of Columnea and Alloplectus (Gesneriaceae)" (Bull. Brit.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 4 (5): 181-236, t. 14-21. 1969) in which he pro-
posed a new alignment of the species. Columnea is restricted to
the section Columnea itself, in which pollination is by humming
birds, so far as known, and which is distinguished morphologically
by having the four anterior corolla lobes united into a galea and
the posterior lobe narrower and spreading or deflexed. The stamens
are exserted and the anthers are initially connate. The section
Cryptocolumnea would obviously belong here also, although Stearn
does not mention it, for it has exactly the same kind of corolla
and stamens, and differs only in having the leaves of a pair
strongly unequal. Stearn refers all the other species to Alloplectu:
tentatively, but it does not discuss them in detail.

This is a radical viewpoint, and it does not solve the problems
by any means, for it leaves Alloplectus very heterogeneous indeed,
including plants with the corollas erect in the calyx or horizontal,
bilabiate or regular, contracted in the throat or not; the fruits
fleshy berries or capsule-like; the disk composed of five glands
or reduced to one. Most importantly, there is no overall resemblanc:
between these "'Alloplectus" species, such as ought to characterize
a genus regardless of individual characters. Moreover, the method
of pollination of most species of Alloplectus remains to be determine
and some may indeed be pollinated by humming birds. For these reaso
I am not following Stearn in his definitions. It may be remarked
that the anthers offer some useful characters, particularly as
regards the distinction between Alloplectus and Drymonia.

The chromosome number is n = 9 in those Panamanian species so
far investigated, namely C. consanguinea, C. hirta, C. nicaraguensis
C. warscewicziana, C.,sanguinolenta, C. illepida, and C. moorei

165

166 P HoYet Onk,-0.G 1 A Vol. 21, no. 3

(cf. Cytogenetic Studies in the Genus Columnea L.. by Lawrence

Carl Sherk) (MS Thesis, Cornell University, 1960). It should be
mentioned also that although I have described the stigmas of the
various species as either stomatomorphic or bilobed the distinction
is by no means always clear from dried material. This character
needs to be studied by itself and in more detail, especially from
fresh specimens.

The type of Alloplectus Mart. is conserved as A. sparsiflorus
Mart. That this may not be the best choice will be discussed in a
future paper by Mr. Hans Wiehler, who has made some valuable contri-
butions to our knowledge of the relationships of the genera of the
Tribe Columneae (Cornell University Thesis, 1970, unpublished.)

Key to the Species of Columnea in Panama
Corollas regular or if slightly bilabiate the two upper lobes

erect, only partially connate, the other 3 free, spreading,

the tube contracted in the throat.

Leaves of a pair equal or subequal. Corolla ventricose, con-

Eeacted, Ln NEHEOA EE sie. otie.s cs aleetete other tv aavace sect. I. Stygnanthe
Leaves of a pair strongly unequal, the smaller less than half
as long as the larger, sometimes minute and stipule-like.

Corollas yellow or orange, nearly regular, the lobes subequal;
flowers usually fasciculate, crowded, subsessile or very
short-pedicellate, erect, bracteate; terrestrial or
Cpripnhy tic sneEUpss ts ai. scr © 6 0 cteotece pes sSOCho El. “Commie

Corollas red, the limb slightly irregular, sometimes with linear
appendages between the lobes; flowers solitary or paired,
mostly long-pedunculate; epiphytic, often pendent shrubs.

Calyx lobes pectinate-fimbriate; leaf-blades glabrous above.
sect. III. Stenanthus
Calyx lobes entire, serrate, or with a few subulate teeth;
leaf-blades hirsute above....,.........sect. IV. Ortholoma
Corollas strongly bilabiate, the four upper lobes united into a galea,
this trilobed, the lateral lobes short and spreading, the central
lobe (composed of the connate uppermost lobes) entire or merely
emarginate, the lower lobe free, spreading or deflexed, the tube
not contracted in throat.
Leaves of a pair equal or subequal.

Corolla-tube mostly cylindric, not strongly curved, the lower
lobe deflexed; leaf-blades not more than 5 cm. long, usually
less (except in C. nicaraguensis)..........sect. V. Columnea

Corolla-tube curved, ventricose, the’lower lobe spreading;
leaf-blades 5-12 cm. long...............sect. VI. Pentadenia

Leaves of a pair strongly unequal, the smaller less than half
the size of the larger...............sect. VII. Cryptocolumnea

Sect. I. Stygnanthe
Disk-glands 5; corolla yellow; peduncles 2-2.5 cm. long, erect.
Leaf-blades ovate to rhombic, 3.2-6.7 cm. wide; calyx lobes
Btgpnely WErrates Tali. ein CNS Ske ale cies om 0 t.0 © oun annem eae

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 167

Disk reduced to a solitary posterior gland; corollas red or red with
the three lower lobes yellow; peduncles 3-5 cm. long, pendent.
Calyx-lobes pectinately incised, with 4-6 pairs of linear lateral
lobes; leaf-blades broadly elliptic, 10-12 mm. wide; corollas
with the galea red and the 3 lower lobes yellow. Corolla with

minute appendages between the lobes. .......... «-+e2. C. moorei
Calyx-lobes subentire; leaf-blades lanceolate, 26-32 mm. wide;
corollas entirely red............ o fee e eee eeseee 3. C. pendula

Sect. II. COLLANDRA
Corolla 40-50 mm. long, about twice as long as the calyx. Leaf-
blades hirsute on both sides.
Longest leaf of a pair up to 5 cm. long, glandular-pilose; corollas
orange, the tube pilose, the lobes yellow, unspotted.
4. C. translucens
Longest leaf of a pair up to 16 cm. long, hirsute but not glandular;
corolla yellow, the lobes red-spotted at base.
Corolla-tube pilose; leaves green on both sides, not red-spotted

DEDCBER ccc cee acene dctahaeaans 1m 66's see kee we 5. C. silvarum
Corolla-tube entirely glabrous; leaves red beneath at apex or
sometimes all over... cceesscsas see eoeeceees 6. C. perpulchra

Corollas only slightly or not at all exserted from the calyx.
Leaf blades pilose or hirsute on the upper surface. Calyx-lobes
fimbriate-pectinate; leaves toothed.
Leaves with red tips beneath; calyx-lobes about 15 mm. long;

corollas about 17 mm. long...... sosneeveces 7s C. pectinata
Leaves not red-spotted beneath; calyx- lobes and corollas about
SG crm, LONE Sas oo ogaleaute tae a an Je tie ae Sie ee stare oS Se urpurata
Leaf blades glabrous on the upper surface, or only sparingly and
deciduously strigillose, entire.
Leaves not red beneath. Calyx-lobes serrate. 9, C, darienensis
Leaves red-spotted beneath below apex. ty
Calyx-lobes deeply pectinate-fimbriate. ........ 10. C. florida
Calyx-lobes entire or serrate. =
Stems hirsute; calyx-lobes hirsute; leaf-blades thick.
1l. C._ crassa

Stems strigose; calyx-lobes substrigose; leaf-blades
chartaceous.

Corollas densely sericeous............ 12. C. consanguinea
Corollas sparsely glandular-pilose. ,....., 13. C. conferta

Sect. III. STENANTHUS
Leaves glandular-denticulate, often red-spotted beneath; stems

BETIgOSE.wasccucs ceccee corset ssoceecves +--+. 14. C. sanguinolenta

Leaves acutely serrate, not red-spotted; stems villous.
15. C. serrata

Sect. IV. ORTHOLOMA
Corollas with linear appendages between the lobes.

168 PH Y T.0.L,0-G TA Vol. 21, no. 3

Corolla-tube sparingly pilose, with most of the surface visible,
the tube upwardly with dark lines descending from the sinuses,
and the lobes dark margined; calyx-lobes ca. 17 mm. long,
green; leaves rose beneath.......... .......... 16. C. illepida

Corolla-tube densely tomentose, the surface not visible; calyx-
lobes 25-30 mm. long; leaves green beneath....17. C. dissimilis

Corollas lacking appendages between the lobes. a

Leaf-blades oblanceolate, green beneath; peduncles 15-45 mm. long;
corollas 40-55 mm. long................ 18. C. warscewicziana

Leaf-blades lanceolate, purple beneath; peduncles very short;
corollas 37540) anme Vongeetnd fateh series slates Gee, 19% C. ochroleuca

Sect. V. COLUMNEA
Corollas densely sericeous externally, the tube not much exceeding
the calyx; leaf-blades 7-12 cm. long, minutely strigillose on
the upper surface; filaments puberulous.... 20. C. nicaraguensis
Corollas sparsely pilose externally, the tube mostly much exceeding
the calyx; leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long; filaments glabrous (except
in C. panamensis and C. mortonii).
Leaf-blades hairy on the upper surface.
Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, broadest near the base, deeply
toothed.
Corollas 40-45 mm. long; leaf-blades densely tomentose.
21. C. tomentulosa
Corollas 50-60 mm. long; leaf-blades sparingly strigose.
22. C. flaccida
Calyx-lobes narrowed toward base, entire or with 1 or 2 short
teeth on each side; corollas (50)65-85 mm. long.
Stems strigose; calyx-lobes entire. Filaments pilosulous;
leaf-blades densely strigose-pilose on both sides.

23. C. panamensis
Stems spreading pilose or villous; calyx lobes toothed (except
in G. Localities)
Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate or narrowly elongate-triangular.
Calyx-lobes with 2 pairs of prominent teeth, ca. 15 mn.
long; filaments nearly glabrous; corollas ca. 70 mm.
long; peduncle-bracts linear; leaf-blades oblong, more
than ‘twice ‘as Wongi.as) broad .ccccssceesnes 24. Ge misee
Calyx-lobes with 1 pair of inconspicuous teeth, 10-12 mm.
long; filaments strongly glandular-pilose; corollas
80-85 mm. long; peduncle-bracts deltoid, leaf-blades
ovate, less than twice as long as broad. 25, GC. mortonii
Calyx-lobes broadly obovate.................. 26. Cc. localis
Leaf-blades glabrous on the upper surface. z
Stems stiffly hispid.
Calyx green, 20-23 mm. long, the lobes with 3 or 4 teeth on
each side; corollas 70 mm. long; leaf-blades thin, the veins
Prominent, beneath. sels \ece ace - «s wesetty. 272 CS ‘Genet ee

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 169

Calyx red, 15 mm. long, the lobes with 5 or 6 teeth on each
side; corollas 45-60 mm. long; leaf-blades thick, the veins
obscure on both sideS......-..05 ceesececeees 28. C. arguta

Stems strigose.

Ovary glabrous, except at apex; corollas 40-45 mm. long,
slender, 5-7 mm. wide in throat.

Calyx-lobes red, toothed in the lower part, prominently
pilose on midribs and margins; leaf-blades sharp-pointed,
red beneath....... Ane eee oa ah y ae 29. C. billbergiana

Calyx-lobes green, inconspicuously glandular-denticulate,
only sparsely pilosulous; leaf-blades merely acutish,
BERR <uy ale F uincin pre ie anes eum Peas 30. C. percrassa

Ovary densely sericeous or tomentose throughout; corollas
(50)60-80 mm. long, 7-15 mm. side in throat.

Calyx-lobes toothed, the teeth short, broad-based.

Leaf-blades ovate, obtuse or acutish, 10-16 mm. long.
31. C. oerstediana
Leaf-blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
2O=33" nn .! LONE; ciproleibys \oicbuspyo wing 69,5! 0's (5's pio n,m 32. C. tenuis

Calyx-lobes entire.

Calyx-lobes 12-18 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide; lower lobe

of the corolla 14-17 mm. long. ......... 33. C. obliqua
Calyx-lobes 22-30 mm. long, about 10 mm. wide; lower

lobe of the corolla 27-30 mm. long..... 34. C. allenii

Sect. VI. PENTADENIA

Leaf-blades densely tomentose above, deep violet beneath; corollas
4 cm. long; disk-glands 5.......+ esseeeeeee otis 30 pGe, MELVOSA

Leaf-blades glabrous or sparingly appressed-pilose above, green or

reddish beneath; corollas 6-7 cm. long; disk-gland l.

Calyx-lobes hirsute, ovate-lanceolate, about 5 mm. wide at base.
36. C. magnifica
Calyx-lobes ciliate, otherwise glabrous, ovate, about 15 mm. wide
near baSe....--.----0- no painter wel Oty ececccees 37. C. incarnata

Sect. VII. CRYPTOCOLUMNEA
Leaf-blades more or less hairy on the upper surface.

Corollas yellow, conspicuously purple-spotted within limb. Calyx-
lobes ovate-lanceolate, deeply laciniate-toothed; filaments
pilosulous upwardly..........+ s+. atts, cus ee «afere 38. C. maculata

Corollas red, unspotted, the throat sometimes yellow within.

Corolla-tube densely white-sericeous; calyx-lobes lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. wide, white-sericeous, especiall:
on the midrib; leaf-blades minutely strigillose above.
20. C. nicaraguensis
Corolla-tube sparsely pilose; calyx-lobes linear, about 2.5 mm.
wide, red-hirsute; leaf-blades densely hirsute above.
39. C. hirsutissima
Leaf-blades glabrous on the upper surface. Corollas yellow, or
yellow lined with rose; filaments glabrous.

170 FH YT O-b,0-G-1 2 Vol. 21, no. 3

Calyx-lobes greenish-yellow, ovate-lanceolate, 30-45 mm. long
and 12-14 mm. wide; leaf-blades 20-27 cm. long.
40. C. citrina

Calyx-lobes red, linear-lanceolate, 19 mm. long, 5 mm. wide

glandular-serrate; leaf-blades up to 14 cm. long.
41. @. rubra
1. Columnea rubida (Morton) Morton, Baileya 7: 58. 1959.
Alloplectus rubidus Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24: 204. 1937.

Plants sublignose, the stems ascending, unbranched, about 6 mm.
in diameter, pilose near apex; leaves clustered near apex, those of
a pair subequal, petiolate; petioles up to 1.7 cm. long, densely
pilose; leaf-blades ovate or subrhombic, up to 16 cm. long, 3.2-6.7
cm. wide, membranous, acute or acuminate, decurrent into the petiole,
reddish on both sides, obviously serrate-denticulate, pilose above,
the hairs reddish, flaccid, multicellular, pilose beneath on the veins,
substrigose on the surface, the hairs rigid, 2-celled, the basal cell
short, reddish, the terminal cell white, large, acuminate, the lateral
veins 8 or 9 pairs; flowers solitary; peduncles 2-2.5 cm. long,
pilose, ebracteate; calyx red, about 15 mm. long, the lobes equal,
erect, lanceolate, about 5 mm. wide at base, subulate-acuminate,
long-pilose externally, pilosulous within, obviously serrate, the
teeth about 5 on each side, subulate; corollas yellow, erect, 33-38
mm. long, not spurred at base, about 5.5 mm. in diameter above base,
ventricose at the middle and about 10 mm. wide, contracted in throat,
here about 7 mm. wide, strigose externally, pilosulous within at
base, glabrous upwardly, the limb a little oblique, slightly irregular,
the two upper lobes connate throughout into a galea 2.5 mm. long and
8 mm. wide, this truncate, lightly undulate, the lateral lobes rounded,
free, semiorbicular, about 2.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at base, erect,
the lower lobe erect, semiorbicular, mucronate at apex; filaments
sparsely pilosulous; anthers free, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; ovary
long-pilose; style glabrous; disk glands 5.

TYPE: Vatley of Upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, in the vacinity of Monte
Lirio, Seibert 141.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 1300-1900 meters.

CHIRIQUI: Southwestern slopes of Volcan Baru, in cloud forest
at 1,500 m., Summer, 1968, Butcher.

This is one of the species that does not fit comfortably into either
Alloplectus or Columnea. I do not believe that any Alloplectus
species have five disk glands, but there are some Columneas that
do, and consequently the closer alliance may be with Columnea, which
is shown also by the erect, unspurred corollas. A species from
Chiapas, still undescribed, appears allied.

2. Columnea moorei Morton, Baileya 7: 55, f£. 15..1959.
Trichantha moorei (Morton) Morton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 38:
10. 1963.

Stems succulent, scandent, at least 30 cm. long and probably much
more, unbranched (except probably at base), probably not radicant at
the nodes, the internodes very short, about 1 cm. long, fleshy,

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panam 171

minutely strigillose with sharp-pointed, 2-celled, appressed hairs
and also with a few multicellular hairs toward the apex, glabrescent,
bearing 2 pairs of conspicuous glands (these often coalescent in
pairs) at each node between the leaves and just below a "stipular"
line; leaves thick-fleshy, dark green and shining above, light green
beneath, obviously decussate, those of a pair equal, short-petiolate;
petioles 3 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, glabrate; leaf-blades broadly
elliptic, very uniform in size, 14-16 mm. long, 10-12 mm. wide,
obtuse at base and apex, almost entire but with one or two low,
broad, inconspicuous crenations on each side, almost glabrous,
bearing a few, minute, appressed hairs beneath especially on the
midrib, the margins obviously ciliolate with several-celled hairs;
flowers solitary in an axil, bibracteate, the bracts minute, linear,
1-2 mm. long, deciduous, pilosulous; peduncles arching, curved at
apex, 30-45 mm. long, slender, 1 mm. thick at base, becoming enlarged
and 2-3 mm. thick at apex, red, conspicuously long-setose-pilose, the
hairs red, 2-3 mm. long, many-celled, spreading at right angles;
calyx green, 5-parted, the lobes erect, equal, 12-15 mm. long, 8-11
mm. wide including the teeth, conspicuously and deeply pectinately
parted, the central portion of the lobe lanceolate, about 3 mm. wide,
the teeth 4-6 pairs, linear, spreading horizontally, the basal ones
about 3-4 mm. long, the uppermost about 2 mm. long, all 0.8-1 m.
wide just above the base, conspicuously red-gland-tipped, the body
and teeth externally conspicuously long-red-hirsute, the hairs 2-4
mm. long, many-celled, sharp-pointed, and also with a few, appressed,
white, sharp-pointed, 2-celled hairs, within nearly glabrous but
with a few stiff red hairs and also slightly glandular; corolla
suberect in calyx, red (except the lobes), 50-55 mm. long, gibbous

at the posterior base, the gibbosity 3 mm. wide, the tube 3-4 mn.
wide just above base, gradually enlarged upwardly but only slightly
ventricose, 10-11 mm. wide near apex, sparsely but conspicuously
hirsute externally, the hairs 4-6 mm. long, red, many-celled, sharp-
pointed, horizontally spreading, and also with minute, spreading
hairs, glabrous within except toward throat, where conspicuously
glandular-pilosulous, the throat only slightly contracted, the limb
slightly bilabiate, the two upper lobes erect, red with narrow yellow
margins, rounded, 4 mm. long, connate for about 2 mm., sparsely
ciliolate, glabrous within at apex but strongly capitate-glandular
lower down, the three lateral lobes clear yellow, not red-margined,
slightly plicate at the angles between the lobes, erect, subequal,
subdeltoid, about 5-6 mm. wide at the base and 5 mm. long, sparsely
hirsute externally, more or less ciliate, glabrous within and not
capitate-glandular, the appendages in the sinuses between the lobes
yellow, small and hardly discernible in dried specimens; stamens
attached to the corolla at the very base, the filaments pale yellow-
ish white, connate at base for 4-5 mm., free upwardly, somewhat
curved but not contorted, glabrous, the anthers slightly exserted
from the corolla tube, all four permanently connate, subquadrate,
about 1 mm. long and wide, the cells oblong, fully dehiscent

172 PHY T Oa OU'G IA Vol. 21, no. 3

longitudinally, glabrous; staminodium none; ovary oblong in outline,
4-4.5 mm. long, densely white-sericeous; style white, straight,
5-5.5 cm. long, exserted, pilosulous; stigma bilobed; disk reduced,
to a solitary posterior gland, this white, thick, fleshy, not
bilobed, ca. 1-1.5 mm. wide, 1.5-2 mm. long.

TYPE: Panama, cultivated at Bailey Hortorium, Moore in 1958 (US).

RANGE: Known only from the original material, of unknown origin.
3. Columnea pendula (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 397. 1865.

Ortholoma pendulum Klotzsch. ex Oerst. Centralamer. Gesner.
52. 1390.

Stems pilose at apex; leaves of a pair subequal, subsessile,
leaf-blades obliquely lanceolate, 7.5-10 cm. long, 2.6-3.2 cm. wide,
acuminate, rounded at base, subentire, strigose-hirtous above,
pubescent beneath, sometimes reddish beneath; flowers solitary (7);
peduncles 5 cm. long or more, pendulous, puberulous; calyx about
16 mm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, subentire,
pubescent; corolla red, about 50 mm. long, the tube about 6 mm. in
diameter at base, ventricose, becoming 14-16 mm. in diameter, con-
tracted in throat and there 10-12 mm. wide, nearly glabrous, the
limb only a little irregular, 18 mm. wide, the two upper lobes yellow,
partly connate, erect, rounded, the three other lobes subequal,
spreading, rounded; ovary pilose; disk reduced to a single posterior
gland.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz. The holotype in Berlin was
destroyed.

RANGE: Known only from the type. This species can be fully known
only if uew material is discovered.

4. Columnea translucens Raymond, Bot. Notis. 114: 351, £. 4,5. 1961.

Epiphytic subshrub, the branches subrigid, horizontal, short,
stout, 3-4 mm. thick, densely covered with glandular hairs and orange-
red, multicellular hairs; leaves of a pair unequal, petiolate; petioles
4-5 mm. long, densely hirsute and glandular; larger leaf-blades
elliptic-oblong, up to 5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acuminate, strongly
oblique at base, the margins incurved, the smaller similar but only
1.2-2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide; flowers 1-3 in an axil, pedunculate;
peduncles 2-4 cm. long, hirsute and glandular; calyx green, the lobes
free, subequal, irregular, remotely toothed, the margins incurved,
outside hirsute and glandular; corollas orange, translucent, oblique
in calyx, much exceeding calyx, 40-50 mm. long, tubular, the base
slightly gibbous, the tube becoming 9-11 mm. wide, the limb sub-
regular, the 5 lobes lemon-yellow, triangular, 5 mm. long, incurved;
filaments slender, glabrous, shortly united at base; anthers orbicular;
ovary white-pilose; stigma bilobed; disk reduced to a single posterior
gland. [Description adapted from Raymond]

TYPE: Panama, ex Mrs. M. Cogswell, cultivated in the Montreal
Botanical Garden, no. 2940-59, Raymond (MTJB, not seen).

RANGE: Known from the original material only, of unknown origin.

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 173

5. Columnea silvarum Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 53. 1942.

Stems 0.6-3.6 meters long, thick, densely red-hispid; leaves of
a pair unequal, the larger subsessile; petioles thick, about 2 mm.
long; leaf-blades oblong, up to 16 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate, strongly unequal and oblique at base, not
amplexicaul, glandular-denticulate, green and pilosulous above,
green beneath and hirsute on the veins, the lateral veins about 10
pairs, prominulous; smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like, lanceolate,
sessile, about 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, acuminate, oblique at base,
green; inflorescences 2-or 3-flowered, bracteate, the bracts linear-
subulate, about 8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, entire; peduncles 15-25 mm.
long, slender, densely red-hirsute; calyx 20-25 mm. long, the lobes
linear-subulate, subequal, about 3 mm. wide at base, long-acuminate,
remotely laciniate, the teeth about 3 on each side, 2 mm. long, red-
hirsute on both sides; corollas yellow, the lobes purple at base,
40-45 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube 4 mm. in diameter
above base, enlarged upwardly and a little ventricose, becoming 10
mm. wide, a little contracted in throat, this 7 mm. wide, sparsely
pilose externally, pilosulous within at base, the limb subregular,
about 1 cm. wide, the lobes spreading, suborbicular, about 3 mm. long,
rounded, the two upper slightly connate, glabrous within; filaments
glabrous; anthers exserted, coherent, about 2 mm. long and wide;
ovary sericeous; style glabrous; stigma shortly bilobed, sparsely
glandular-pilosulous.

TYPE: Cafia-Cuasi Trail, Chepigana District, Darien, Panama,
Terry 1566.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 600 to 1500 meters.

DARIEN: Cafia-Cuasi Trail, Chepigana District, Terry 1499.

6. Columnea perpulchra Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 51. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems unbranched, about 7 mm. in diameter
toward base, becoming 2.5 mm. in diameter upwardly, densely brown-
hirsute, the hairs often 6 mm. long; leaves of a pair strongly un-
equal, the larger subsessile; petioles scarcely 2 mm. long; leaf-
blades oblong-oblanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4.7 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate, strongly oblique at base but not auriculate
or amplexicaul, serrulate, green and pilose above, hirsute beneath
and red at apex, or red or red-spotted throughout. the lateral veins
about 11 pairs, prominulous beneath; smaller leaf of a pair stipule-
like, sessile, ovate, up to 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, sharply long-
acuminate, strongly oblique at base and auriculate and subamplexicaul
on the lower side, hirsute on both sides, red beneath at apex;
flowers paired, bracteate, the bracts lance-subulate, about 7 mm.
long, entire, acuminate, green, hirsute; peduncles slender, about
20 mm. long, hirsute; calyx pale green, about 20 mm. long, the lobes
lanceolate, 3 mm. wide (excluding teeth), acuminate, pilose externally,
glabrous within, laciniate, the teeth subulate, up to 3 mm. long,
about 6 on each side; corollas yellow, the lobes scarlet at base,
about 40 mm. long, spurred at base, the tube 3.5 mm. in diameter above
base, abruptly deflexed and ventricose, becoming 8 mm. wide, glabrous

17h Po YT ‘Oob"0 Grew Vol. 21, no. 3

on both sides, a little contracted in throat, this 7 mm. wide,

the limb subregular, the lobes reflexed, sparsely strigose externally,
the 2 upper connate for about 2 mm., the others free, suborbicular,
rounded, all about 5 mm. long, glabrous within; filaments glabrous;
anthers included, connate, about 2 mm. long and wide; ovary nearly
glabrous; style glabrous; stigma bilobed.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Coclé, Panama, Allen 2305.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 40 to 1000 meters.

COLON: Rio Fato Valley, Pittier 4209.
7. Columnea pectinata Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 50. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems pendent, 1 meter long, about 8 mm. in
diameter, gray-hirsute when young; leaves of a pair unequal, the
larger subsessile; petioles scarcely 2 mm. long, hirsute; leaf-blades
oblong-falcate, up to 13 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate,
strongly oblique at base, subauriculate on the lower side, succulent,
sharply serrate toward apex, green and hirsute above, paler beneath
and scarlet tinged toward apex, densely hirsute, the lateral veins
8-10 pairs; smaller leaves of a pair stipule-like, sessile, lanceolate,
about 1.7 cm. long, auriculate at lower side, hirsute; inflorescence
several-flowered; peduncles about 5 mm. long, densely hirsute; calyx
red, about 15 mm. long, the lobes subequal, about 3 mm. wide,
pectinate-toothed, the teeth 5 or 6 on each side, subulate, up to
4 mm. long, densely hirsute on both sides, the hairs hyaline, multi-
cellular, capitate-glandular; corolla orange, only slightly exserted
from calyx, about 17 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube
about 4.5 mm. in diameter above base, a little ventricose upwardly
and becoming 6.5 mm. wide, contracted and 5 mm. wide in throat,
white-pilose externally, the limb regular, 7 mm. wide, glabrous
within, the lobes spreading, suborbicular, about 3 mm. long, rounded;
filaments glabrous; anthers included, coherent in pairs, 1.5 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide; ovary white-sericeous; style glabrous; stigma
stomatomorphic.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Coclé, Panama, Allen 2394.

RANGE: Known only from the type locality.

COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 1787,2177,2919,2944,4479,
8. Columnea purpurata Hanst. Linnaea 34: 386. 1865.

Plants epiphytic or terrestrial, 1.2-1.8 m. long, the stems woody,
unbranched, 6-10 mm. in diameter, densely yellowish-hirsute; leaves
clustered at apex of stem, those of a pair strongly unequal, the
larger short-petiolate; petioles 10-15 mm. long, densely hirsute;
leaf-blades oblanceolate, 13-30 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, long-
acuminate, cuneate and strongly unequal at base, serrulate, the
teeth 40 to a side or more, pilose on both sides, not red or red-
spotted beneath, the lateral veins 9-11 pairs; smaller leaf of a
pair sessile, ovate, oblique, up to 3 cm. long and 10 mm. wide,
long-acuminate, deeply toothed, hirsute; flowers fasciculate in
upper axils, peduncles very short, bracteate, the bracts scarlet,
elliptic or lanceolate, about 30 mm. long and 15 mm. wide, long-
pilose externally, strigose within, spinulose-toothed, the teeth

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 175

subulate, elongate, 4 or 5 to a side; bractlets simjlar but smaller;
calyx scarlet, 30 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, 5 mm. wide near
base, long-acuminate, long-pilose externally, strigose within,
spinulose-toothed, the teeth long-red-pilose, 3 or 4 on each side;
corollas yellow, 30 mm. long, the tube 4 mm. wide above base, slightly
ventricose and becoming 7 mm. in diameter, contracted toward throat,
densely brown-sericeous externally, glabrous within, the limb narrow,
regular, about 6 mm. wide, the lobes subequal erect, 4 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, sericeous externally, glabrous within; filaments glabrous at
base, pilosulous upwardly; anthers connate, 2 mm. long and wide;
ovary long-pilose; style glabrous. ;
SYNTYPES: Costa Rica, Wendland 548, Warscewicz 242, Valentini, s.n.
RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 50-1500 meters.
CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31393.
DARIEN: Catia, Stern et al. 466; Paca, near Cafia, Williams 802;
between Pinogana and Yavisa, Allen 285.
PANAMA: Hayes 955.
9. Columnea darienensis Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 46. 1942.
Shrub 1.5-4.5 m. high, the stems scarcely branched, about 3 mm. in
diameter toward apex, densely strigose; leaves of a pair strongly
unequal, the larger petiolate; petioles 10-14 mm. long, strigose;
leaf-blades oblanceolate, 16-23 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
oblique and broadly cuneate at base, not amplexicaul, entire, green
and glabrous above, paler beneath, not red-spotted, strigose, especially
on the veins, the lateral veins 7 pairs, obscure above; smaller leaf
of a pair stipule-like, minute, lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-5 mm.
wide, acuminate, glabrous above, strigose beneath, soon deciduous ;
inflorescence few-flowered, the bracts ovate, about 17 mm. long,
acuminate, entire, probably red; peduncles about 5 mm. long, thick,
strigose; calyx probably red, ca. 17 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate,
5 mm. wide near base, acuminate, glandular-serrulate, the teeth about
7 on each side, strigose externally on the midrib and margins,
glabrous within; corollas orange-scarlet, 24 mm. long, the tube 3
mm. wide above base, upwardly a little ventricose, and becoming 5
mm. in diameter, a little contracted in the throat and here 4.5 mm.
wide, densely yellowish strigose externally, the limb small, scarcely
irregular, about 5 mm. wide, the lobes erect, suborbicular, rounded,
the three lower about 1 mm. long, the two upper 2 mm. long, partly
connate; filaments glabrous; anthers 1.5 mm. long and wide; ovary
strigose at apex; style glabrous.
TYPE: Cerro de Garagar4 Sanbi Basin, Darien, Panama, Pittier 5660.
RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 500 to 1650 meters.
DARIEN: Cafia-Cuasi Trail, Chepigana District, Terry 1547.
10. Columnea florida Morton, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 27: 310. 1937.
Plants epiphytic, the stems thick, about 1 cm. in diameter, the young
ones hirsute, the hairs flaccid, multicellular; leaves of a pair
strongly unequal, the larger short-petiolate; petioles thick, about
1 cm. long, densely hiruste; leaf-blades oblanceolate, up to 35.5 cm.
long and 10.5 cm. wide, sharply short-acuminate, obtuse and oblique
at base, entire, glabrous above or with a few hairs toward base,

176 BH Ye TO hike Tok Vol. 21, no. 3

appressed-pilose beneath, the costa hirsute at base, paler beneath,
conspicuously red-spotted toward apex, the lateral veins about 12
pairs; smaller leaf of a pair subsessile, narrowly elliptic, about

3 cm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, long-acuminate, glabrous above, dénsely
pilose beneath, the veins obscure; flowers fasciculate, few to many;
peduncles thick, up to 10 mm. long, densely hirsute, bracteate at
middle, the bracts small, lanceolate, densely hirsute; calyx 23 m.
long, the lobes ovate, ca. 10 mm. wide near base, densely hirsute on
both sides, pectinate-incised, the teeth numerous, narrowly linear,
green, green-hirsute; corollas yellow, thick, ca. 25 mm. long, the
tube 5.5 mm. wide at base, not constricted above base, ventricose,
becoming 9 mm. wide, densely brown-hirsute externally, sparsely
puberulous within, a little contracted in throat, this scarcely 5 m.
wide, the limb nearly regular, about 5 mm. wide, the lobes small,
erect, suborbicular, about 2.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, glabrate;
filaments pilosulous; anthers connate in pairs, oblong, 3 mm. long,
1.3 mm. wide; ovary densely pilose; style pilosulous; stigma slightly
bilobed.

TYPE: El General, Prov. San José, Costa Rica, 915 m., Skutch 2436.

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 500 to 1100 meters.

DARIEN: Cerro de Garagard, Sambi Basin, Pittier 5664.
11. Columnea crassa Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 45. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems ca. 0.75 m. long, about 10 mm. in
diameter, densely hirsute, the hairs brown, thin, multicellular;
leaves of a pair unequal, the larger petiolate; petioles about 8 mn.
long, very thick, densely hirsute; leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate,
subfalcate, 13-21 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, strongly
oblique at base, succulent, entire, green and glabrous above, densely
yellow-strigose beneath, bearing one or two red spots about 5.5 cm.
below apex, the primary veins about 8 pairs; smaller leaf of a pair
stipule-like, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, about 2.5 cm. long and
8 mm. wide, auriculate at lower base and amplexicaul, green, glabrous
above, strigose beneath; flowers solitary (?), subsessile; calyx
16-20 mm. long, the lobes subequal, 4-7 mm. wide, acuminate, glandular-
serrate, the teeth many, appressed-hirsute externally, subglabrous
within except the hirsute midrib; corollas unknown.

TYPE: Cerro Campana, Prov. Panama, Panama, 1000 m., Allen 2423.

RANGE: Known only from the type.

12. Columnea consanguinea Hanst. Linnaea 34: 383. 1865.

Plants terrestrial or epiphytic, the stems unbranched, 0.9-1.2
meters long, 3-5 mm. in diameter, closely sericeous-strigose; leaves
of a pair unequal, the larger short-petiolate; petioles ca. 1 cm.
long, sericeous; leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate, 9-25 cm. long,
3.5-6 cm. wide, short-acuminate, oblique at base, rounded at lower
base, cuneate at upper, entire, green and glabrous above, strigose
and red-spotted beneath, the spots often large and elongate, the
lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs; smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like,
linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, long-acuminate,
entire; flowers several in an axil, bracteate, the bracts persistent,

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama LTT

yellowish, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, entire,
glabrous above, strigose beneath; peduncles erect, short, ca. 5 mm.
long; calyx ca. 16-20 mm. long, green, the lobes equal, lanceolate,
acuminate, narrowed toward base, 2.5-4.5 mm. wide near middle, entire
or a little serrulate, the teeth few, minute, strigose externally,
nearly glabrous within; corollas yellow, 23 mm. long, the tube 5 mm.
wide near base, not enlarged upwardly, slightly contracted in throat
and here 4 mm. wide, densely sericeous externally, minutely glandular-
pilosulous within, the limb regular, 4.5 mm. wide, the lobes erect,
equal, 1.8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, sericeous externally, glabrous
within; filaments glabrous; anthers 1.5 mm. long and wide; ovary
pilose; style glabrous; stigma stomatomorphic.

TYPE: Turrialba, Costa Rica, Wendland 509.

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 1200 to 2100 meters.

BOCAS DEL TORO: Robalo Trail, northern slopes of Cerro de la
Horqueta, Allen 4924.

CHIRIQUI: Bajo Chorro, Woodson & Schery 651, Davidson 57; Bajo
Mono, Allen 4788.

It is somewhat doubtful if these Panamanian specimens are properly
referable to C. consanguinea, for they have the pubescence of the
leaves appressed, whereas the typical Costa Rican specimens have a
spreading type of pubescence.

13. Columnea conferta Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 44. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems 0.6-1.2 m. long, not branched, about
7 mm. in diameter, strigose, soon glabrous; leaves crowded at apex
of stem, those of a pair strongly unequal; petioles up to 4 mm. long,
strigose; larger leaf-blades oblanceolate, subfalcate, 28-32 cm. long,
6.5-7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, strongly oblique at base, remotely
serrulate, green and glabrous above, sparsely strigose beneath, bearing
two red spots about 7 cm. below apex, the lateral veins 10-12 pairs;
smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like, deciduous; inflorescence few-
flowered, bracteate, the bracts linear, about 2.5 cm. long and 8 mm.
wide, long-acuminate, short-petiolate, entire, green; peduncles ca.

9 mm. long, densely strigose; calyx ca. 23 mm. long, the lobes pale,
subequal, ovate, about 10 mn. wide near base, sharply long-acuminate,
substrigose externally, nearly glabrous within, glandular-serrate, the
teeth minute, about 10 on each side; corollas yellow, lined within
with red posteriorly, ca. 40 mm. long, a little saccate at base, the
tube about 3 mm. in diameter above base, enlarged but not ventricose
upwardly, becoming 9 mm. wide, sparsely glandular-pilose externally,
glabrous within, scarcely contracted in throat, the limb oblique,
probably slightly bilabiate, the lobes subequal, about 6 mm. long,
glabrous within; filaments glabrous; anthers not exserted, coherent,
about 1.8 mm. long and wide; ovary sparsely pilose; style glabrous;
stigma stomatomorphic, glabrous.

TYPE: Cafia-Cuasi Trail, Chepigana District, Darien, 1650 m.,

Terry 1554.
RANGE: Known only from the type.

178 Pi: TT Ovn0.G) Pk Vol. 21, no. 3

14. Columnea sanguinolenta (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 389. 1865.
Stenanthus sanguinolentus Kkotzsch ex Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk.
Skeiven Vio s0123'4 186%,
Stenanthus squarrosus Klotzsch ex Oerst. loc. cit. (type from
Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz).
Columnea costaricensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 2: 471. 1891.
Plants epiphytic, the stems unbranched, about 3 mm. in diameter,
densely strigose near apex; leaves of a pair strongly unequal, the
larger short-petiolate; petioles about 4 mm. long, strigose; leaf-
blades oblanceolate, up to 12 cm. long and 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
rounded and oblique at base, remotely glandular-denticulate, glabrous
above, strigose beneath on veins and surface, often red-spotted beneath
(2-6 spots 1.5-3 cm. below apex), the lateral veins 5-7 pairs; smaller
leaf of a pair stipule-like, subsessile, lanceolate, 5-22 mm. long,
2.5-6 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous above, strigose beneath, green,
subentire; flowers solitary or paired; peduncles 15-45 mm. long, _
long-hirsute, the hairs reddish, multicellular, bracteate at base,
the bracts sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous above, strigose
beneath, green; calyx green or red, 25-30 mm. long, the lobes ovate
in outline, 22-26 mm. wide (including teeth), the central portion
4.5-5 mm. wide, hirsute externally, glabrous within, deeply pectinate-
laciniate, the teeth 8-10 on each side, linear-subulate 8-10 mm. long,
0.8-1 mm. wide at base, long-hirsute, the hairs reddish, multicellular;
corollas scarlet, ca. 40 mm. long, the tube 4 mm. wide near base,
strongly ventricose, becoming 13 mm. wide, contracted toward throat,
this 8 mm. wide, sparsely long-pilose externally, glabrous within,
the limb subregular, 10-12 mm. wide, the lobes slightly unequal, about
5 mm. long, 3.5-4 mm. wide, glabrous within, the two upper partly
connate, erect, the three lower spreading; filaments minutely and
sparingly capitate-glandular; anthers included, connate, 2 mm. long
and wide; ovary short -sericeous; style glabrous below, glandular up-
wardly; stigma bilobed.
TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (photograph US).
RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from sea level to 700
meters.

BOCAS DEL TORO: Water Valley, von Wedel 942; Fish Creek Mountains,
vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 2310, 2325; Chiriqui Lagoon,
von Wedel 1032; Seibert 1562; Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 449.

In the "Flora of Costa Rica,'' I listed Columnea costaricensis
Kuntze in_Alloplectus, as a doubtful species. The type in the New
York Botanical Garden shows that this species is actually merely a
variant of C. sanguinolenta.

15. Columnea serrata (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 390. 1865.
Stenanthus serratus Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer, Gesner.
49. 1858.

Stems hirsute at apex; leaves of a pair unequal; larger leaf-blades
obovate-oblong, 7.5 cm. long, narrowly acuminate, acute or obtusish
at base, acutely serrate, not red-spotted, glabrous above, hirtous
beneath; smaller leaf of a pair about 3 cm. long, obtuse at base;

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 179

peduncles equalling corollas, villous; calyx more than half as long
as corolla, the lobes subequal, linear, long-acuminate from a broad
base, strongly villous externally, cristate-fimbriate, the teeth
long-villous; corollas purple, more than 25 mm. long, gibbous at
posterior base, pilose; ovary pilose.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (presumably destroyed in Berlin)

RANGE: Known definitely only from the type.

16. Columnea illepida Moore, Baileya 8: 56, f. 19. 1960.
Trichantha illepida (Moore) Morton, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
56+ 12. ©1963%

Stems stout, probably not radicant at the nodes, the internodes
short, 1-2.5 cm. long, very stout, the upper ones ca. 3 mm. thick,
somewhat zigzag, strongly ridged when dry, hirsute, the hairs spreading,
yellow, multicellular, eglandular, 2-3 mm. long, borne on tubercles;
leaves subdistichous, those of a pair strongly unequal, short-petiolate;
petioles 0.3-2 cm. long, hirsute; larger leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate
to oblanceolate, up to 13 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acuminate or sub-
cuspidate, broadly cuneate and strongly oblique at base, minutely
and remotely denticulate, above green, not bullate, hirsute, the hairs
hyaline, several-celled, 1.5-2 mm. long, beneath green with conspicuous
red blotches or else red all over, septate-hirsute all over, with also
a few, appressed, sharp-pointed, 2-celled hairs, the lateral veins 5
or 6 (or 9?) pairs, slightly elevated on both sides; smaller leaves
of a pair early deciduous, like the larger but subsessile, not more
than 2.5 cm. long; flowers several in an axil, bracteate, the bracts
minute, ca. 4 x 0.75 mm., hirsute and also with sessile yellow glands;
peduncles red, slender, 1 mm. thick or less, hirsute; calyx green,
herbaceous, 15-20 mm. long, the lobes free, slightly unequal, the
posterior shorter and narrower, the central portion 2.5-3.5 mm. wide,
strongly pectinate-toothed, the teeth 4 or 5 (6) on each side, linear,
the larger 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, hirsutulous on both sides
with hyaline hairs, some of these elongate and many-celled, some
short and 2-celled, both surfaces also with sessile, yellow, globular
glands; corollas ca. 50 mm. long, slightly oblique in calyx, slightly
spurred at posterior base, the tube dull, clear yellow conspicuous ly
striped with maroon from just below the middle to the bases of the
sinuses between the lobes, the stripes 0.5-1 mm. wide, the tube
7.5-10 mm. wide at middle, slightly contracted in throat, externally
sparsely hirsute and provided also with some small, spreading, 1-celle
hairs, within glabrous except for the glandular-pilosulous throat,
the limb somewhat bilabiate, ca. 15 mm. wide, the galea 5.5-6 mm.
high, bilobed, conspicuously spotted with maroon, the two lateral
lobes deltoid, ca. 5 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide at base, margined with
maroon, the anterior lobe ca. 4.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at base,
margined with maroon, all the lobes hirsute externally and with short,
white, thick-based l-celled hairs also, the appendages between
the corolla lobes yellow, inconspicuous when dry and not over 1 mm.
long; stamens included; anthers quadrately connate; ovary green,
pilose; style puberulous; stigma bilobed; disk reduced to a whitish,
bilobed posterior gland.

180 Peo Y°TsOreOoe Tvs Vol. 21, no. 3

TYPE: Cultivated in the Bailey Hortorium, Moore (BH, not seen).

RANGE: Known only from the type and a specimen cultivated in
Fantastic Gardens, South Miami, Florida, Feb. 25, 1954, R. G. Wilson.

At the time I published on Trichantha in 1963 the native habitat
of this species was unknown. It had been variously reported to be
from Ecuador, from Tingo Maria, Peru, or from the Panama Canal Zone.
Mr. Henry Butcher, of Chiriqui, Panama, has since written me that he
was the original collector, and that the species is a native of the
Chiriqui region of Panama. There is no reason to doubt this. A
possibly allied species (still undescribed because of inadequate
material) so far as flowers go has turned up in the same area.
17. Columnea dissimilis Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 47. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, sparingly branched at base, the branches up to
1m. long, hispid, the hairs red, spreading, multicellular; leaves
of a pair unequal, the larger petiolate; petioles 5-9 mm. long,
hispid; leaf-blades elliptic-oblong, up to 7 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
acuminate, strongly oblique at base (rounded on the lower side,
cuneate on the upper), entire, green on both sides, pilosulous above,
red-hirsute beneath, especially on the veins, the lateral veins about
5 pairs; smaller leaf of a pair mostly subsessile, ovate or sub-
orbicular, up to 3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide, acute or obtuse,
rounded at base; flowers mostly 3 in an axil; peduncles 10-17 mn.
long, densely long-red-hirsute; calyx red, 25-30 mm. long, the lobes
equal, lanceolate, narrowed toward base, about 6 mm. wide above
base, acuminate, remotely glandular-denticulate, red-hirsute on
both sides; corollas red tipped with yellow, a little oblique in
calyx, 35-40 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube about
4 mm. wide above base, slightly ampliate upwardly, densely red-
sericeous externally, glabrous within, not contracted in throat,
this 8 mm. wide, the limb regular, the lobes white, equal, incurved,
ovate, about 4.5 mm. long, thick, scarcely acute, glabrous within,
the sinuses between each lobe bearing a subulate, densely hirsute,
yellow appendage, this 1-7 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anthers
about 2 mm. long and wide; ovary white-pilose; style glabrous;
stigma bilobed.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Coclé, Panama, Allen 2483.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations of 600 to 1000 meters.

COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 2164, 2191.
PANAMA: Hills above Campana, Allen 1875.

The peculiar appendages of the corolla vary greatly in length and
are often hidden under the dense pubescence.
18. Columnea warscewicziana (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 392. 1865.

Ortholoma warscewiczianum Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer.
Gesner. 51. 1858.
Ortholoma vestitum Klotzsch ex Oerst. loc. cit. (Type from
Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz).

Plants epiphytic, the stems pendent, branched, 0.6-1.2 m. long,
yellowish-or reddish-villous at apex, the hairs about 2 mm. long,
multicellular; leaves of a pair strongly unequal, the larger subsessile;

1971 Morton, The gemus Columnea in Panama 181

petioles 1-3 mm. long, thick, densely hirsute; leaf-blades oblanceolate ,
9-12 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded and strongly oblique
at base, remotely serrulate, hirsute on both sides (the hairs multi-
cellular), not red-spotted beneath, the lateral veins 10 or 11 pairs;
smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like, 7-16 mm. long, 4-7 mm. wide,
acuminate, oblique at base, sessile, hirsute; flowers solitary;
peduncles 25-45 mm. long, pendent, red-villous, the basal bracts
minute, 4-5 mm. long, linear, hirsute, green, calyx green, 10-12 mn.
long, the lobes lanceolate, 3 mn. wide near base, long-acuminate,
villous on both sides, entire or with 1 or 2 subulate teeth on each
side; corollas scarlet, 40-55 mm. long, gibbous at posterior base,

the tube 5 mm. in diameter above base, strongly ventricose upwardly,
becoming 19 mm. wide, contracted in throat, this 10 mm. wide, sparingly
pilose externally, glabrous within, the limb subregular, 13-21 mn.
wide, the lobes about 5 mm. long, the two upper partly connate, erect,
the three lower spreading; filaments pilosulous; anthers 2 mm. long
and wide; ovary sericeous; style glabrous; stigma stomatomorphic.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz.

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 1200-2400 meters.

CHIRIQUI: El Boquete, Maxon 5703; Cerro de la Horqueta, Pittier
3215; Bajo Chorro, Rio Caldera, Davidson 406, Butcher; Bajo Mono,
Allen 4833.

19. Columnea ochroleuca (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 393. 1865.
Ortholoma ochroleucum Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer. Gesner.
51,1858.

Stems slender, strongly yellowish-villous; leaves of a pair strongly
unequal; larger leaf-blades lanceolate, subsessile, 5-7.5 cm. long,
broadest at middle, 1.4-2 cm. wide, attenuate to a long acuminate apex,
attenuate to base, serrulate, hispid-pilose above, long-villous beneath,
deep purple beneath; smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like, 1/5 as long
as the larger; peduncles short, villous; calyx 8-10 mm. long, the lobes
erect, linear-lanceolate, narrowly long-acuminate, bearing a few long
subulate teeth; corollas scarlet, about 36-40 mm. long, the tube
ventricose, becoming 8 mm. wide, a little narrowed in throat, pilose,
the limb slightly irregular, the two upper lobes erect, partly connate,
obtuse, the lower lobes spreading, lanceolate; anthers exserted.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (not seen).

RANGE: Known only from the type.

The description has been taken from the original, for no specimens
referable to this species have been seen.

20. Columnea nicaraguensis Oerst. Centralamer. Gesner. 62. 1858.

Plants epiphytic, vinelike, the stems sparingly branched, up to 1 nm.
long, 6-8 mm. in diameter below, about 2.5 mm. in diameter toward apex
constricted at nodes, the epidermis sometimes peeling off in scales,
densely appressed-white-pilose when young; leaves of a pair unequal,
the larger short-petiolate; petioles up to 3 mm. long, white-villous;
leaf-blades leathery, lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 2.2-4.5 cm. wide,
sharply acuminate, rounded and strongly oblique at base, entire,
dark green and thinly strigillose above, light green or dull reddish

182 PR YT Oe IVA Vol. 21, no. 3

beneath (when dry), densely long-strigose on the veins, thinly
strigose on the surface, the lateral veins 7-9 pairs, obliquely
ascending, obscure above, prominent beneath; smaller leaf of a pair
similar to the larger but only 2-2.5 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, or
rarely larger; flowers solitary; peduncles 7-15 mm. long, densely
appressed-white-pilose, bracteate at base, the bracts broadly
lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, acuminate, hairy on
both surfaces; calyx variable, 17-35 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. wide, broadest near base, long-acuminate,
appressed-white-pilose on both sides, especially on the midrib, re-
motely short-tootked below middle, the teeth mostly 2 on each side,
sometimes minute cr obsolete, glandular at apex; corollas dark red,
marked with yellow within throat, 60-80 mm. long, the tube about 5
mm. in diameter near base, gradually enlarged upwardly, not ventricose,
becoming 9-10 mm. wide in throat, densely white-sericeous externally,
glabrous within, the limb strongly bilabiate, the galea 35 mm. long,
20 mm. wide, deeply emarginate, densely white-pilose externally,
thinly pilose within, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the
free parts narrow, the upper free margin 11-15 mm. long, the lower
lobes spreading, linear, 25-30 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, acuminate,
densely white-sericeous externally in a broad central line; filaments
pilose upwardly; anthers yellow, exserted, connate, 2.5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide; ovary sericeous; style densely pilosulous upwardly.

TYPE: San Juan, Nicaragua, Oersted.

RANGE: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, at elevations from sea
level to 300 meters.

BOCAS DEL TORO: Carleton 256; Water Valley, von Wedel 734, 839;
Fish Creek Mountains, von Wedel 2252; Little Bocas, near Chiriqui
Lagoon, von Wedel 2522; Chiriqui Lagoon, Hart 142, Changuinola Valley,
Dunlap 419, 456; ‘!alamanca Valley, Carleton 133.

21. Columnea tomemutulosa Morton, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18: 1169. 1938.
Columnea tomentosa Oerst. Centralamer. Gesner. 64. 1858, not Roxb.
Plants epiphytic, 0.2-0.4 m. long, the stems branched, 2-4 mm. in
diameter, tomento::e; leaves of a pair subequal, short-petiolate;
petioles 2 mm. long, tomentose; leaf-blades oval, up to 2.5 cm. long,
9-12 mm. wide, obtuse, broadly cuneate and equal at base, entire, soft-
tomentose on both sides, the lateral veins 2 or 3 pairs; flowers
solitary; peduncles 7-9 mm. long, white-tomentose, the bracts lacedate,
minute, 4-6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide; calyx 7-10 mm. long, the lobes
ovate-lanceolate, 5-5.5 mm. wide near base (including teeth), acuminate ,
deeply subulate-toothed, the teeth 2 or 3 to a side, up to 2.5 mm.
long, pilose externally, glabrous within at base, sericeous toward
apex; corollas scarlet, the limb margined with yellow, 40-45 mn.
long, gibbous at base, the tube 1.5 mm. in diameter above base, en-
larged to throat (this 6 mm. wide), pilose externally, glabrous within,
the limb bilabiate, the galea oblong, 15 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, obtuse,
entire, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts
3.5 mm. long, the lower lobe reflexed, linear, 8.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide; filaments glabrous; anthers exserted, oblong, 1.5 mm. long,

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Pariama 183

0.7 mm. wide; ovary puberulous; style glabrous at base, long-
pilosulous upwardly; stigma bilobed.

TYPE: San Juan, Nicaragua, Oersted.

RANGE: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, at elevations from sea
level to 100 meters.

BOCAS DEL TORO: Rio Cricamola, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 1876,
Cooper 206; Valley of Biarra River, Seibert 1538.
22. Columnea flaccida Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 18€. 1854.

Plants epiphytic, the stems slender, up to 2m. long, 2.5-3.5 mm.
in diameter, strigose, soon glabrate; leaves of a pair subequal, very
short-petiolate; petioles 1-2 mm. long, strigose; leaf-blades oblong-
lanceolate, 2.5-3 cm. long, ca. 1 cm. wide, long-acuminate, rounded
at base, entire, succulent, green and sparingly strigose on both sides,
the lateral veins about 5 pairs, obscure above; flowers solitary,
borne on leafless stems; peduncles about 5 mm. long, hirsute; calyx
red, 12-15 mm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 10-14 mm. wide near
base (including teeth), long-acuminate, deeply lancinate-toothed,
the teeth 3 or 4 on each side, up to 5 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide,
red-hirsute externally, glabrous within except near apex; corollas
rose-red with yellow markings, 50-60 mn. long, gibbous at base, the
tube 3 mm. wide above base, gradually enlarged upwardly, becoming
7-9 mm. wide in throat, pilose externally, glabrous within, the
limb bilabiate, the galea 20-24 mm. long, 12-13 mn. wide, minutely
apiculate, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts
7-9 mm. long, the lower lobe lanceolate about 10 mm. long, 2.5 m.
wide; filaments glabrous; anthers connate, oblong, 2.5 mm. long, 1
mm. wide; ovary sericeous; style glabrous at base, pilosulous toward
apex; stigma bilobed.

TYPE: Gualaca, Chiriqui, Panama, Seemann (not seen).

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 80 to 600 meters.

CHIRIQUI: Mula, April 23, 1961, Butcher.
23. Columnea panamensis Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 26: 312. 1939.

Plants epiphytic, the stems sparsely branched, up to 1 m. high,

5-8 mm. in diameter, the branchlets about 3 mm. in diameter, sparsely
strigose, short, densely antrorsely strigose, the nodes constricted;
leaves of a pair equal, short-petiolate; petioles ca. 4 mm. long,
strigose-hirtellous; leaf-blades elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 4-4.5
cm. long, 1.5-1.9 cm. wide, scarcely acute, cuneate at base, entire,
densely strigose-pilose on both sides, unspotted, the lateral veins

4 pairs; flowers solitary, ascending; peduncles 15 mm. long, densely
white-tomentose; calyx 15 mm. long, the lobes linear-oblong, acute,
narrowed toward base, about 4 mm. wide above base, entire, pilose

on both sides; corollas scarlet, 65-70 mm. long, gibbous at posterior
base, the tube 4 mm. in diameter above base, ampliate upwardly but
not ventricose, not contracted in throat (this 10-11 mm. wide),
pilose externally, the limb strongly bilabiate, the galea 30-35 mn.
long, 14 mm. wide, entire, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea,
the free parts 9-10 mm. long, the lower lobe spreading, linear-
oblong, 15-17 mm. long; filaments pilosulous; anthers connate,

18) Pee Y T026-0-G. 2's Vol. 21, no. 3

2.6 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide; ovary densely white-villous; style
pilosulous; stigma stomatomorphic.

TYPE: Casita Alta, Volcan de Chiriqut, Prov. Chiriqui, Panama,
Woodson, Allen, & Seibert 860.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 1500 to 2100
meters.

CHIRIQUI: Finca Lerida, Woodson & Schery 235, Allen 4763.
24. Columnea hirta Kl. & Hanst. Linnaea 34: 403. 1865.

Epiphytic, branched, the branches pendent, terete, 2-2.5 mm. thick
(3.5 mm. when fresh), strongly red-hirsute; leaves of a pair subequal;
petioles nearly equal, 4-5 mm. long (to 10 mm. when fresh); larger
leaf-blades oblong, 3-4.2 cm. long (to 5.3 cm. fresh), 1.3-1.7 cm.
wide (2.5 cm. when fresh), rounded at base, obtuse at apex, sparingly
toothed, the teeth 3-5 pairs, not prominent in dried specimens,
densely pilose on both sides; peduncles 6-7 mm. long (8-9 mm. when
fresh), recurved, basally bibracteate, the bracts linear, ca. 3.5 mm.
long (4.5 x 1 mm. fresh), pilose externally, glabrous at base within
but glandular with sessile globular, shining glands; calyx green,
erect, the lobes nearly free, united at base for 1 mm., lanceolate,
12-15 mm. long, narrowed to 2.5 mm. wide at base, 4-5 mm. wide up-
wardly, long-attenuate to a slender tip, strongly toothed, the teeth
normally 2 pairs, 0.5-1 mm. long and 0.5-0.75 mm. wide, densely
white-hirsute externally, subglabrous within except toward apex,
the basal part with sessile, minute glands; corollas orange-scarlet,
not spotted or lined, 70-75 mm. long, the tube gibbous at posterior
base, here 3.3-5.5 mm. wide, narrowed above base to 3-4 mm., 35-45
mm. long, not contracted in throat, densely red-pilose externally and
also bearing minute, spreading, hyaline hairs but these not prominent,
the limb 25-30 mm. long, the throat 11-12 mm. wide, pilosulous within,
the galea 16 mm. wide (fresh), cuspidate at the truncate apex, the
cusp or appendage bearing several elongate, red, septate hairs, the
lateral lobes 13 mm. long and 6 mm. wide at base, the posterior lobe
spreading, 18 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, with appendages borne in the
sinuses between the lateral lobes and the posterior, these rather
prominent, especially in bud, consisting of a protuberance from the
tube, this more or less tuberculate at apex, each of the several
(up to 10) tubercles surmounted by an elongate red septate hair,
with appendages present also between the lateral lobes and the galea
but these quite inconspicuous, especially in dried material; filaments
connate at base into a sheath 3 mm. long laterally, 5 mm. long
anteriorly, roughened below, very sparsely and minutely pilosulous
upwardly; anthers quadrately connate, 3-3.5 mm. long and 1.7-2 mm.
wide; ovary green, small, 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; style glabrous
at base, pilosulous upwardly, scarcely curved at apex; disk reduced
to a solitary posterior gland, this 1.5 mm. long and wide, white,
glabrous, emarginate.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (presumably destroyed in Berlin).

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 185

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 600 to 1400
meters.

For an illustration see Morton, Baileya 11: 26. 1963.

25. Columnea mortonii Raymond, Bot. Notis. 114: 346, f. 1-3. 1961.

Epiphyte, the stems short, 10-30 cm. long, rigid, fleshy, ca. 4-6
mm. in diameter, brown, densely long-pilose with soft, yellowish,
multicellular, glandular, spreading hairs 2-2.5 mm. long, bulbuous
at base; leaves numerous, crowded; petioles 3-4 mm. long, thick,
pilose with soft white hairs; leaf-blades of a pair equal, broadly
ovate to suborbicular, 2-2.75 cm. long, 1.2-2 cm. wide, obtuse to
rounded at apex, rounded at base, fleshy (ca. 3 mm. thick when fresh)
entire, green above, paler beneath, white-pilose on both sides (more
sparingly so above), the hairs spreading, soft, the lateral veins 2
or 3 pairs; flowers axillary, solitary; peduncles 3-8 mm. long,
glandular-pilose (the hairs white, spreading, red-based), bracteate,
the bracts 2, deltoid, minute, ca. 1 mm. long and wide, acute, red-
pilose on both sides; calyx-lobes green, linear-oblong, 10-12 mm.
long when fresh, 3.5-4 mm. wide, narrowed to base, this ca. 2 mm.
wide, long-acuminate, bearing 1 pair of teeth above the middle,
glandular-pilose, the hairs spreading, white with red bases; corolla
erect in calyx, brilliant red, not spotted, 80-85 mm. long strongly
bilabiate, gibbous at posterior base (the gibbosity ca. 3 mm. long),
narrowed above base to 5 mm., 7-8 mm. wide at middle, gradually
widened to throat, this 12 mm. broad, the tube 45 mm. long, glandular-
red-hirsute externally, the galea 20-28 mm. long, 17.5 mm. wide,
rounded at apex and submucronate, sulcate on the back, the lateral
lobes triangular, 10-15 mm. long, the labellum horizontal, 16-17.5
mm. long, ca. 7 mm. wide, replicate, the limb pubescent within;
filaments exserted, united at base for 2 mm., strongly glandular-
pilose; anthers oblong, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the cells distinct;
ovary densely white-pilose; style glabrous at base, pilosulous up-
wardly; stigma yellowish green, papillose, bilobed; disk reduced to
a posterior gland, this low, fleshy, white, ca. 1 mm. long; berry
depressed-globose, fleshy, 15 mm. in diameter, white-pilose.

TYPE: Panama, cultivated in the Montreal Botanical Garden from
material received from the Fairchild Tropical Garden, Raymond 1820-
56 (holotype MIBG, not seen; isotype US).

RANGE: Probably local in Panama, perhaps from the Chiriqui region,
but not known definitely in the wild.

This species is very floriferous and beautiful in cultivation in
the Longwood Gardens. It is like C. hirta in many ways, but the
leaves are shorter petiolate, the blades broader, the bracts minute
and deltoid, the calyx hairs red-based, the calyx-lobes less toothed,
and the filaments glandular-pilose.

26. Columnea localis Morton, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18: 1165. 1938.
Columnea microcalyx var. macrophylla Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz.
31: 118. 1901, not C. macrophylla Kuntze.

186 Pony Teer o-e 17k Vol. 21, no. 3

Plants epiphytic, the stems yellowish, slender, branched, about
1.5 mm. wide, white-pilose; leaves of a pair subequal, short-petiolate;
petiotes 1.5 mm. long, densely white-pilose; leaf-blades oblong-
elliptic, 2-5 cm. long, 1.1-1.7 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, rounded
at base, thin, slightly toothed, soft-pilose on both sides, the
lateral veins 3 pairs, obscure above; flowers solitary, ebracteate;
peduncles 15-25 mm. long, pilose; calyx green, 12 mm. long, the lobes
oblanceolate, acute, narrowed at base, here 1.3 mm. wide, broadest
near middle, here 3-5.5 mm. wide, acute, entire, pilose on both
sides; corollas rose-pink, 70 mm. long, gibbous at base, the tube
3 mm. wide above base, ampliate upwardly, 11-12 mm. wide in throat,
thinly pilose externally, the limb bilabiate, glandular-pilosulous
within, the galea 30-45 mm. long, ca. 20 mm. wide, rounded, the
lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts broad, 10-12
mm. long, the lower lobe deflexed, linear, ca. 22-30 mm. long, 5 mn.
wide; filaments glabrous; anthers connate, 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide;
ovary white-villous; style pilosulous throughout; stigma bilobed.
TYPE: Tucurrique, Costa Rica, Tonduz 12932.
RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 500 to 2500 meters.
CHIRIQUI: Cerro Punta to headwaters of Rio Caldera, Allen 1428;
Bajo Chorro, Davidson 76; Cerro de la Horqueta, von Hagen 2162.
DARIEN: Cerro de Garagara, Sambu Basin, Pittier 5625.
VERAGUAS: Cerro Tute, near Santa Fe, Allen 4381.
27. Columnea consimilis Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 69: 194. 1956.
Plants epiphytic, the stems 0.5 m. long or more, apparently un-
branched, yellowish, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, setose-hispid, the
hairs reddish, several-celled, stiffly spreading; leaves borne in
two's or three's, those of a whorl equal, short-petiolate; petioles
2-2.5 mm. long, reddish-hispid; leaf-blades rather thin, ovate-
lanceolate, 1.6-2.8 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, sharply acuminate,
rounded and subequal at base, entire, green and glabrous above,
pale beneath, very sparingly strigillose, the lateral veins 2 pairs,
prominent beneath; flowers solitary (?); peduncles ca. 10 mm. long,
coarsely red-setose; calyx green, 20-23 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate
in outline, about 8 mm. wide (including teeth), long-acuminate, the
teeth 3 or 4 on each side, linear-lanceolate, up to 4.5 mm. long and
1.5 mm. wide at base, glandular at apex; corollas scarlet with pale
yellow stripes within, ca. 70 mm. long, the tube 3.5 mm. in diameter
near base, gradually enlarged upwardly, becoming 10 mm. wide in
throat, sparingly pilose externally, glabrous within, the limb
strongly bilabiate, the galea 33 mm. long, 23 mm. wide, emarginate,
the lateral lobes partly connate with galea, the free parts about
15 mm. wide at base, the upper margin about 16 mm. long, the lower
lobe reflexed, oblong, about 20 mm. long, 11 mm. wide; filaments
‘glabrous; anthers connate, oblong 3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; ovary
pilosulous above middle; style pilosulous throughout; stigma deeply
bilobed.

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 187

TYPE: Cerro Tute, near Santa Fé, Prov. of Veraguas, Panama, 750 m.,
Allen 4380.

RANGE: Known only from the type.

28. Columnea arguta Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 43. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems pendent, elongate, ca. 1.5 mm. in
diameter, rigidly red-pilose when young; leaves of a pair equal;
petioles hispid, about 1 mm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate, 1.6-2 cm.
long, 6-7 mm. wide, long-acuminate, rounded at base, a little oblique,
thick, entire, ciliate, glabrous on both surfaces, green above,
reddish beneath, the lateral veins one or two parts, obscure;
peduncles 7-9 mm. long, hispid; calyx ca. 15 mm. long, the lobes
subequal, 9 mm. wide at base, hirsute on both sides, strongly toothed
at base, the teeth 5 or 6 on each side, elongate, up to 3 m. long
and 1 mm. wide; corollas red, the throat lined with yellow, 45-60
mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube 4 mm. in diameter above
base, 7-10 mm. broad in throat, sparsely pilose externally, glandular
within at base, the limb bilabiate, glabrous within, the galea 20 m.
long and 13-27 mm. wide, emarginate at apex, the lateral lobes long-
connate with galea, the upper free margin 8-13 mm. long, the lower
lobe elliptic, reflexed, 9-20 mm. long and 7.5-11 mm. wide; filaments
glandular below, glabrous upwardly; ovary sericeous, especially
toward apex; style sparsely pilosulous; stigma truncate.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Prov. of Coclé, Panama, ca. 1000 m.,

Allen 2336.
RANGE: Known only from El Valle de Antén.
COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 3718.
29. Columnea billbergiana Beurl. Svensk. Vet. Handl. 1854: 135. 1854.

Plants epiphytic, the stems brown, branched, 2-4 mm. in diameter,
sparsely strigose when young; leaves of a pair subequal; petioles
2.5-5 mm. long, strigose; leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long,
8-11 mm. wide, acute, broadly cuneate at base, entire, glabrous above,
pale beneath, strigose on veins and surface, the lateral veins 3 pairs;
flowers solitary; peduncles 5-10 mm. long, densely long white or
pink-pilose, the bracts minute, linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long,
1.5-2 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, glabrous above, strigose beneath;
calyx red, 9-12 mm. long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. wide
near base, sharply and abruptly long-acuminate, white-sericeous
externally, glabrous within, dentate, the teeth 1-4 on each side,
broad-based, glandular, sometimes minute; corollas scarlet, 40-50 mm.
long, the tube 1.5-2.5 mm. in diameter near base, only a little en-
larged upwardly, becoming 5-6 m. wide in throat, sparsely glandular-
pilose externally, sparsely glandular within near base, the limb
strongly bilabiate, the galea about 20 mm. long and 6-7 mm. wide,
apiculate, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts
about 4 mm. long, the lower lobes deflexed, linear or lanceolate,
about 12-18 mm. long and 1.5-3 mm. wide; filaments glabrous; anthers
exserted, oblong, 2 mm. long, 1-1.2 mm. wide; ovary glabrous except
for the sparsely white-pilose apex; style glandular-pilosulous;
stigma bilobed.

188 , PRY TOG OG IR Vol. 21, no. 3

TYPE: Portobello, Col6n, Panama, Beurling.
RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from sea level to
1000 meters.
CANAL ZONE: Lake shore only Gatun River, Pittier 6516; Frijoles,
Maxon 6553.
COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 1651, 2149, 2353, 3412, Hunter &
Allen 303, 564.
PANAMA: Cerro Campana, Allen 2428, 2432.
30. Columnea percrassa Morton, Baileya 7: 59. 1959.
Stems olive green, fleshy, terete, unbranched (at least upwardly),
3 mm. thick, becoming only 2 mm. thick upwardly, sparsely and minutely
strigillose, the internodes about 2 cm. long; paired glands present
between the leaves; leaves of a pair subequal, short-petiolate;
petioles 5-7 mm. long, minutely strigillose; leaf-blades thick and
fleshy, dark green and glossy above, pale green beneath, elliptic,
narrowly elliptic, or subrhombic, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 1.1-1.5 cm. wide
slightly rounded or acutish at apex, broadly cuneate at base, entire,
glabrous above, beneath minutely puberulous on the midribs, sparsely
strigillose on the surfaces, weakly ciliolate, the primary veins 3
pairs; flowers solitary, axillary; peduncles green, recurved, 15-20
mm. long, terete, ca. 1 mm. thick, thickened toward apex, rather
strongly white-pilosulous, especially toward the apex; calyx green,
10-12 mm. long, the lobes free, equal, broadly subdeltoid, broadest
at base, here 5-6 mm. wide, truncate at base, the margins recurved
and lying flat against the adjacent lobes to make a 5-angled, 5-
winged calyx, sharply long-acuminate at apex, inconspicuously glandular-
_ denticulate, the glands ca. 4 on each side, inconspicuously strigillose
externally, sparsely white-pilosulous on the midrib, laxly ciliolate,
glabrous within; corollas scarlet, tube orange and red within and with
a yellow line from the throat, 55-60 mm. long, slightly oblique in
calyx, gibbous at posterior base, the gibbosity ca. 3 mm. long, the
tube ca. 3 mm. wide just above base, narrow, gradually enlarged up-
wardly but not ventricose or curved, becoming ca. 6 mm. wide in
throat, sparsely red-pilosulous externally, the hairs several-celled,
horizontally spreading, gland-tipped, the limb strongly bilabiate,
the galea ca. 27 mm. long and 9 mm. wide (spread out), slightly
acutish at apex, the 2 upper lobes completely united, the two lateral
lobes almost completely connate with the upper lobes, the free parts
triangular, minute, ca. 3 mm. long, recurved, the lower lobe erect
at base but arching toward the apex or reflexed, ca. 17 mm. long,
3mm. wide at base; filaments inserted in the very base of the corolla
tube, connate for ca. 2.5 mm., whitish below, reddish above; anthers
exserted from the corolla tube, persistently connate, subquadrate,
ca. 1.2 mm. long and wide, glabrous; ovary green, ovoid, glabrous
below, pilose toward the apex; style pilosulous toward the apex;
stigma bilobed, exserted; disk reduced to a thick fleshy, white,
bidentate, posterior gland 1.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide.
TYPE: Cerra Campana, Province of Panama, 1000 m. alt., Apr. 21,
1941, Allen (US).

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 189

RANGE: Known only from the type locality and from cultivated
material.

PANAMA: Cerro Campana, 400 m., Hutchison & Dressler 2952, cult
UCBG, no. 63.2742.

WITHOUT LOCALITY: Cultivated BH, from material received from
Mrs. M. Cogswell, possibly originally from Henry Butcher (Moore
7557 bis). , ae
31. Columnea oerstediana Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer, Gesner.

Ol, ts. 6, Lod.

Plants epiphytic, pendulous, 0.6-1.2 m. long, the stems branched,
2-3 mm. in diameter near apex, sparingly strigose, glabrescent;
leaves of a pair equal, short-petiolate; petioles ca. 2-3 mm. long,
strigose; leaf-blades ovate, 1-1.6 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, succulent,
obtuse or acutish, rounded at base, entire or slightly toothed at
base, green, glabrous above, thinly strigose beneath, the lateral
veins 3 pairs, obscure above; flowers solitary, ebracteate; peduncles
8-10 mm. long, thinly strigose; calyx green 14-16 mm. long, the lobes
ovate, 6-8 mm. wide above base, sharply long-acuminate, sparsely
strigillose externally, glabrous within, dentate toward base, the
teeth 3 or 4 to a side, glandular, less than 1 mm. long; corollas
scarlet, 60-70 mm. long, the tube about 4 mm. in diameter near base,
gradually enlarged upwardly, becoming 8-9 mm. wide in throat,
sparsely pilose externally, glabrous within, the limb strongly
bilabiate, the galea 25-35 mm. long, 13-15 mm. wide, truncate, the
lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts about 8 m.
long, the lower lobe deflexed, linear-lanceolate, 12-18 mm. long,

3-5 mm. wide; filaments glabrous; anthers connate, oblong, 2 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide; ovary white-sericeous; style glabrous below,
short-puberulous toward apex; stigma bilobed.

TYPE: Naranjo, Costa Rica, Oersted.

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 900-2200 meters.

VERAGUAS: Cerro Tute, near Santa Fé, Allen 4335.

32. Columnea tenuis Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer, Gesner. 63. 1858.

Plants epiphytic, the stems whitish, branched, 2-3 mm. in diameter,
sparingly strigose when young; leaves of a pair subequal, short-
petiolate; petioles 1-1.5 mm. long, strigose; leaf-blades lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3.3 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, long-acuminate,
the base a little oblique, broadly cuneate to rounded, entire,
glabrous above, pale beneath, strigose on the veins, sparingly
strigillose on the surface, the lateral veins 3 pairs; flowers
solitary; peduncles 6-9 mm. long, white-strigose, the bracts minute,
about 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, glabrous above,
strigose beneath; calyx reddish, 11-16 mm. long, the lobes ovate-
lanceolate in outline, 5-9 mm. wide near base, long-acuminate,
sparingly strigose externally, glabrous within, deeply toothed,
the teeth deltoid,mostly 1-3 to a side, broad-based, up to 2.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at base; corollas scarlet, 60-70 mm. long, the
tube about 4 mm. in diameter above base, gradually enlarged upwardly,
becoming 11 mm. wide in throat, sparingly pilose externally, glabrous

190 Pb’ YT Osbn0:G/Tk Vol. 21, no. 3

within, the limb strongly bilabiate, glabrous within, the galea ca.
30 mm. long, 15 mm. wide, truncate, the lateral lobes long-connate
with galea, the free parts about 11 mm. long, the lower lobe reflexed,
lanceolate, 13-17 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; filaments glabrous; anthers
connate, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; ovary white-tomentose; style
glabrous below, pilosulous above; stigma bilobed

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (not seen).

RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevations from 1200 to 2100
meters.

CHIRIQUI: El Boquete, Maxon 5573, Maurice 855; Cerro de la Harqeta.
Rittier 3186, Maxon 5407, von Hagen 2132, 2163; Bajo Chorro, Rio Caldem,
Davidson 257, Butcher; Bajo Mono, Allen 4820.

BOCAS DEL TORO: Allen 4935.

33. Columnea obliqua Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 49. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems unbranched, elongate, pendulous, about
2.5 mm. in diameter, sparsely yellow-strigose, soon glabrous; leaves
of a pair equal, subsessile; leaf-blades lanceolate, up to 3.5 cm. lor
and 1.2 cm. wide, long-acuminate, rounded and strongly oblique at base,
entire, succulent, green and glabrous above, paler and reddish
beneath, strigose on the margins and veins; flowers solitary;
peduncles 7-15 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, substrigose; calyx green,

12-18 mm. long, the lobes equal, ovate, ca. 6 mm. wide at base,
abruptly narrowed and sharply long-acuminate, entire, sparsely
strigose externally, glabrous within except for the pilosulous base;
corollas orange, 65-80 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube
3.7 mm. in diameter above base, enlarged upwardly but not ventricose,
becoming 12 mm. wide in throat, sparsely pilosulous externally,
glabrous within, the limb strongly oblique, bilabiate, the galea
33-38 mm. long, entire, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea,
the free parts 13 mm. long, the lower lobe reflexed, linear-oblong,
14-17 mm. long; filaments glabrous; anthers connate in pairs, 1.6
mm. long, 1 mm. wide; ovary white-sericeous; style sparsely
pilosulous; stigma bilobed; posterior disk gland large, emarginate,
the anterior small linear-subulate.

TYPE: Bajo Chorro, Prov. of Chiriqui, Panama, Woodson & Schery 607.

RANGE: Known only from the Province of Chiriqui, Panama, at
elevations of 1800-2100 meters.

CHIRIQUI: Bajo Chorro, Woodson & Schery 677; Cerro de la
Horqueta, Allen 4971.

34. Columnea allenii Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 42. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, pendulous, the stems scarcely branched, sparsely
strigose, about 1.5 mm. in diameter; leaves of a pair equal; petioles
red-strigose, ca. 3 mm. long; leaf-blades oblong-elliptic, succulent,
up to 2 cm. long and 1.1 cm. broad, short-acuminate, rounded at base,
not oblique, entire, glabrous on both sides, the veins obscure;
flowers solitary, ebracteate; peduncles 17-20 mm. long, red-strigose,
the hairs multicellular, flaccid; calyx red-tinged, 22-30 mm. long,
the lobes ca. 10 mm. broad at base, a little unequal, entire, sharply
long-acuminate, slightly strigillose outside, ciliate, long-hirsute

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 191

within at base; corollas scarlet, 68-75 mm. long, subcalcarate

at base, the tube equalling the calyx, 4 mm. in diameter above base,
enlarged upwardly, 15 mm. wide in the throat, sparsely pilose
externally, the limb strongly bilabiate, the galea 40-45 mm. long,
about 25 mm. wide, truncate at apex, the lateral lobes long-connate
with galea, the free parts about 14 mm. long, the lower lobe re-
flexed, oblong-lanceolate, 27-30 mm. long, 7-8 mm. wide; filaments
glabrous; anthers exserted, connate in pairs, oblong, about 3 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide; ovary white-pilose; style pilosulous; stigma
bilobed.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Coclé, Panama, Allen 2179.

RANGE: Known only from El Valle de Antén, Panama, at about 1000
meters elevation.

COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 3554; Cultivated BH, Moore 7545.
35. Columnea nervosa (Klotzsch) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 401. 1865.
Pendadenia nervosa Klotzsch ex Oerst. Centralamer. Gesner.
57. 1858.

Stems short-tomentose at apex; leaves of a pair subequal, short-
petiolate; leaf-blades oval-elliptic, a few inches long, acute,
obtuse at base (?), lightly serrulate, densely tomentose above,
villous-pubescent and deep violet beneath; peduncles hirsute,
shorter than the flowers; calyx ca. 13 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate,
long-acuminate, incised-dentate, tomentose; corollas red (?), 40 mn.
long, the tube 4 mm. in diameter at base, sigmoid-curved, ventricose,
becoming 10-12 mm. in diameter, contracted in throat and there 7 m.
wide, the limb bilabiate, oblique, the galea erect, about 12 mn.
long, emarginate, the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, broad,
obtuse, the lower lobe lanceolate-oblong, porrect; anthers exserted;
ovary villous; disk glands 5, the 2 posterior connate.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (not seen).

RANGE: Known only from the type.

The above description is adapted from the original and from
Hanstein.

36. Columnea magnifica Klotzsch & Hanst. ex Oerst. Centralamer.
Gesner. 60. 1858.
Columnea wendlandiana Hanst. Linnaea 34: 402. 1865.
Columnea oblanceolata Sprague, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1908:
449. 1908.

Plants epiphytic, 0.3-1.2 m. long, the stems erect, sparingly
branched, the branches 3-5 mm. in diameter, hirsute; leaves of a pair
subequal; petioles 6-15 mm. long, hirsute; leaf-blades oblanceolate
or elliptic-oblanceolate, 5-11 cm. long, 1.3-3.5 cm. wide, acute or
very short-acuminate, cuneate to subrounded at base, oblique or
nearly equal at base, entire or nearly so, above dark green, appressed-
pilose or nearly glabrous, beneath pale green or reddish but lacking
definite red spots, stiffly appressed-pilose on the veins, strigillose
on the leaf surface, the primary veins 5-7 pairs, impressed above,
prominulous beneath; flowers 1-3 in an axil; peduncles 10-20 mm. long,
hirsute; calyx reddish, 13-15 mm. long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate,

192 PB YT OvdO Gy Dk Vol. 2, no. 3

ca. 5 mm. wide near base, sharply long-acuminate, hirsute externally,
nearly glabrous within except near apex, coarsely glandular-toothed,
the teeth 4 or 5 on each side; corollas scarlet, the lower lobes
yellow within, 60-70 mm. long, the tube ca. 4 mm, in diameter near
base, strongly ventricose upwardly, becoming 12-15 mm. in diameter,
not contracted in throat, pilose externally, minutely pilosulous
within, the limb very large, strongly bilabiate, the galea 33-40 mm.
long, 22-28 mm. wide, rounded and entire, pilosulous within, the
lateral lobes partly connate with galea, the free parts 12-14 mm.
long, the lower lobe spreading, lanceolate, 25-28 mm. long; filaments
densely pilosulous throughout; anthers oblong, about 3 mm. long and
2 mm. wide; ovary pilose; style pilosulous; stigma deeply bilobed;
disk reduced to a deeply bilobed posterior gland.

TYPE: Veraguas, Panama, Warscewicz (not seen).

RANGE: Costa Rica and Panama, at elevations from 1500-2700 meters.

No Panama specimens have been seen, but the species is a con-
spicuous and abundant plant in the mountains of Costa Rica.
37. Columnea incarnata Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 48. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems scarcely branched, sulcate, about
3 mm. in diameter, yellow-strigose, finally glabrous; leaves of a
pair subequal; petioles 1.3-2.3 cm. long, strigose; leaf-blades
oblanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 2.3-4 cm. wide, long-acuminate, cuneate
and not oblique at base, entire, a little succulent, green and
glabrous above, paler beneath and not red-spotted, strigose on margins
and veins, the lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, obscure above; flowers
solitary or paired, bracteate, the bracts linear-subulate, ca. 7 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide at’ base, acuminate, entire, strigose externally,
glabrous within; peduncles nodding, 30-40 mm. long, densely yellow-
strigose; calyx 33-35 mm. long, the lobes green, ovate, ca. 15 mm.
wide near base, sharply long-acuminate, remotely glandular-denticulate
glabrous on both surfaces, sparsely ciliate; corollas pink, 65-70 mn.
long, a little saccate at base, the tube 5 mm. in diameter above base,
abruptly ventricose, ca. 20 mm. long, not exceeding the calyx,
puberulous externally, glandular within, the limb bilabiate, curved,
strongly oblique, pilose externally, glabrous within, the galea
ca. 50 mm. long, 35 mm. wide, truncate, the lateral lobes long-connate
with the galea, the free parts ca. 23 mm. long, 13 mm. wide, rounded,
the lower lobe spreading, ca. 30 mm. long and 11 mm. wide; filaments
densely glandular-puberulous; anthers exserted, coherent, oblong,
3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; ovary white-sericeous, pilose at apex;
style glabrous; stigma bilobed.

TYPE: Bajo Chorro, Prov. of Chiriqui, Panama, Woodson & Schery 608.
RANGE: Known only from Panama, at elevation from 1800-2100 meters.
BOCAS DEL TORO: Northern slopes of Cerro de la Horqueta, Allen

4948.

38. Columnea maculata Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69: 194. 1956.
Shrub, the stems apparently unbranched, thick, 12 mm. in diameter

below, 5 mm. in diameter near apex, coarsely hispid, the hairs

yellowish, multicellular, borne at the apex of bulbous tubercles;

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 193

leaves of a pair strongly unequal, the larger subsessile; petioles
1-2 mm. long, hispid, thick; leaf-blades coriaceous, narrowly oblong,
15-23 cm. long, 6-7 cm. wide, acutish, the base oblique, rounded on
the lower side, broadly cuneate on the upper, entire, slightly
revolute-margined, green and sparsely pilose above, paler beneath
and red at tip, sparsely pilose throughout, the lateral veins 6 or
7 pairs, obscure above, prominent beneath; smaller leaf of a pair
deciduous, not seen; flowers apparently solitary in the axils, sub-
sessile; peduncles thick, 1-2 mm. long, densely hispid; calyx ca.
19 mm. long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, 10-12 mm. wide (including
teeth), long-acuminate, broadest near base, densely yellowish-hirsute
on both sides, laciniately toothed, the teeth 8-10 on each side,
linear-lanceolate, the larger 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, glandular
at apex; corollas yellow, the galea conspicuously spotted with purpie
within, the other lobes with broad purple lines, 75 mm. long, the tube
saccate at posterior base, 4 mm. in diameter above base, not ventricoe,
gradually enlarged to throat, this about 7 mm. wide, densely white-
pilose externally, the limb strongly bilabiate, the galea 32 mm.
long, 14 mm. wide, rounded, pilose within, the lateral lobes long-
connate with galea, the upper free margin about 13 mm. long, the
lower lobe deflexed, lanceolate, 20 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, acuminate;
filaments densely pilosulous upwardly; anthers exserted, connate,
3 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; ovary sericeous; style glabrous at base,
pilosulous upwardly.

TYPE: Fish Creek Mountains, Prov. of Bocas del Toro, Panama,
von Wedel 2280.

RANGE: Known only from the type.
39. Columnea hirsutissima Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 47. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems unbranched, 0.13-0.3 m. long, strongly
red-hirsute, the hairs multicellular, about 5 mm. loug; leaves of a
pair strongly unequal, the larger subsessile; petioles thick, 1-2 mn.
long, hirsute; leaf-blades oblong or narrowly oblong, 6-10 cm. long,
1.7-3.5 cm. wide, acute, rounded or subcordate at base, not oblique,
a little crenulate or serrulate, green and densely hirsute on both
sides, the hairs reddish, multicellular, the lateral veins 7-9 pairs;
smaller leaf of a pair sessile, ovate, about 1 cm. long, densely
hirsute; calyx 17-18 mm. long, the lobes subequal, linear, about 2.5
mm. wide near base, long-acuminate, remotely glandular-denticulate,
the teeth 2 or 3 on each side, red-hirsute on both sides; corollas
red, 60-75 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube 4 mm. in
diameter above base, gradually enlarged upwardly, sparsely eglandular-
pilose externally, glandular within, the throat 8-9 mm. wide, the
limb strongly bilabiate, pilosulous within, the galea 23-25 mm. long,
14 mm. wide, truncate at apex, the lateral lobes long-connate with
galea, the free parts 6 mm. long, the lower lobe reflexed, linear-
oblong, ca. 13 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; filaments glandular near
base, glabrous upwardly; anthers connate, exserted, about 2 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide; ovary white-pilose; style densely glandular-
pilosulous; stigma bilobed.

19h, PHY T OO. .G Ba Vol. 21, no. 3

TYPE: La Valle de Antén, Prov. of Coclé, Panama, Allen 2288.

RANGE: Known only from the province of Coclé, Panama, at elevations
from 400 to 1000 meters.

COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 2279, 2311, 2348, 2882; Dressler
(cult. BH, no. G886, MTJB, no. 2203-65), La Pintad,a, Hunter & Allen 53.
40. Columnea citrina Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 44. 1942.

Plants terrestrial, the stems ca. 0.6 m. long, not branched, about
9 mm. in diameter at base, 3 mm. in diameter at apex, strigose toward
apex; leaves of a pair strongly unequal; larger leaf-blades oblong-
linear, falcate, sessile, auriculate at lower base and semiamplexicaul,
20-25 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, succulent, green and
glabrous above, paler and substrigose beneath, bearing a red spot
8 mm long about 6 cm. below apex, the lateral veins 8-10 pairs;
smaller leaf of a pair stipule-like, sessile, linear-lanceolate,
about 2 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, long-acuminate, strongly oblique
at base, flowers geminate, bracteate, the bracts yellow, linear-
lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, long-acuminate,
strigose without, glabrous within; peduncles thick, 1-1.5 cm. long,
densely strigose; calyx pale greenish-yellow, 30-45 mm. long in
flower, the lobes equal, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 12 mm. wide, sharply
long-acuminate, coarsely dentate, substrigose externally, glabrous
within except on the midrib; corollas bright yellow, lined within
with red-brown, 47-60 mm. long, a little spurred at base, the tube
5-6 mm. in diameter above base, ventricose upwardly, not contracted
in throat, strongly hirsute externally or glabrate, the limb strongly
bilabiate, glabrous within, the galea 25-35 mm. long, strongly bilobed
(7 mm.), the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts
about 12 mm. long, the lower lobe reflexed, linear-oblong, 18 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide; filaments glabrous; anthers exserted, 3 mm.
long and 2.5 mm. wide; staminodium subulate, 3 mm. long; ovary
densely white-sericeous; style glabrous; stigma stomatomorphic.

TYPE: Cerro Campana, Prov. of Panama, Panama, ca. 1000 m.,

Allen 2404.

RANGE: Known only from Panama, on rocks at elevations of about
1000 meters.

COCLE: Hills north of El Valle de Antén, Dressler 2950.

41. Columnea rubra Morton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 52. 1942.

Plants epiphytic, the stems scarcely branched, strigose, soon
glabrous; leaves of a pair unequal, the larger short-petiolate;
petioles about 2 mm. long, very thick, about 4 mm. in diameter;
leaf-blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, up to 14 cm. long and
4.7 cm. wide, acute, rounded and subequal at base, succulent,
entire, pale green and glabrous above, strigose and red all over
beneath, the midrib strongly thickened, the lateral veins about
8 pairs; smaller leaf of a pair soon deciduous, not seen; flowers
paired, bracteate, the bracts linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long,
entire, red-strigose externally; peduncles ca. 10 mm. long,
densely red-strigose; calyx red, ca. 19 mm. long and lobes equal,
linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm. wide near base, sharply long-acuminate,

1971 Morton, The genus Columnea in Panama 195

densely red-strigose on both sides, remotely glandular-serrate,
the teeth about 4 on each side; corollas yellow, 60-65 mm. long,
a little spurred at base, the tube 2 mm. wide above base, gradually
enlarged upwardly but not ventricose, becoming 7 mm. wide in throat,
pilose externally, the hairs few-celled, capitate-glandular, the
limb bilabiate, the galea 25 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, entire, apiculate,
the lateral lobes long-connate with galea, the free parts 7 m. long,
the lower lobe reflexed, linear, 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, all lobes
glandular-pilosulous on both sides; filaments glabrous; anthers
connate, oblong, 2.2 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide; ovary cylindric,
sericeous; style glandular-pilosulous; stigma bilobed, glandular-
pilosulous.

TYPE: El Valle de Antén, Prov. of Coclé, Panama, Allen 2469.

RANGE: Known only from El Valle de Antén, at elevations of about
1000 meters.

COCLE: El Valle de Antén, Allen 3411, 4183.

BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke

"MANUAL OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TEXAS" by Donovan S. Corell and
Marshall C. Johnston and collaborators, xv & 1881 pp., illus,
Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas 75079. 1970. $30.

Built uppn a fine start in Lundell's "Flora of Texas" and con—-
tinued in the same careful vein, this excellent systematic study
will prove exceedingly useful. Everything about Texas is huge
and so is this book. Ilustrations are limited to county and
vegetational state maps and a colored frontispiece of the state
flower, the bluebomet of Texas. Limitations set by the single
volume size preclude any geographic distribution maps and floral
drawings; the information is there in print. Space has been
found for a good glossary, list of abbreviations including
authors! names, and index.

"HERBALS -—- THEIR ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION" A Chapter in the History
of Botany 170--1670, by Agnes Arber, xxiv & 326 pp., illus,,
facsimile of the 1938 second edition, Hafner Publishing Co.,
Darien, Connecticut 06820 & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1970.

$12.95.

The first edition of 1912 was a gem; the second edition of 26
years later is a bigger and brighter gem. This offset copy
makes possible the needed restocking of library shelves with a
book which, like a gem, does not lose its value in aging.

The history of the printed herbals got its start somehow "in
the thoughts of ancient Greece.......and it can be followed lin-
eally to our own day." Throughout it has been shown "that botany
rose from being a mere handmaid of medicine to a position of com=-
parative independence."

The book is very carefully indexed and has 131 clear and very
interesting figures or plates.

"SINCE SILENT SPRING" by Frank Graham, Jr., xvi & 333 pp., Hough-
ton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 02107. 1970. $6.95.

Eight years have passed since Rachel Carson's carefully docu-
mented story of the effects of uncontrolled, nondegradable,
general pesticide pollution on our environment was offered to the
public and since the vitriolic attacks upon it made mainly by the
agrico-chemical industries. Without the compelling readability
of this talented author but with the full appreciation of her ef-
forts and kindred ones of others this conservationist-author
shows how Miss Carson has been completely vindicated, how snidely
much of her opposition reacted, what small progress has been made,
and what a great deal more — jes with our present knowledge —

19

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 197

can be made.

Important appendices add much to this worthwhile book. The
first includes an article from the Audubon's "Atlantic Naturalist"
entitled "Safer Pesticides for Home and Garden" by Shirley A.
Briggs. The second, by Harold G. Alford, gives the "Federal Reg-
istration Requirements for Pesticide Products". The third, "In
Memoriam", tells of the Rachel Carson Trust for the Living Envi-
ronment in Washington, D. C., of the Rachel Carson Memorial Fund
administered by the National Auduhon Society, of how we may help
through them, and of how Rachel Carson left legacies to the
Sierra Club and to the Nature Conservancy, estatlishing the
Rachel Carson Seacoast Fund for the preservation of natural
areas along the New England coast.

"THEORIES ON THE NATURE OF LIFE" by Giovanni Blandino, S. J.,
xiii & 37) pp., illus., Philosophical Library, New York, N.
Y. 10016. 1969. $6.00.

This book is the English translation by 0. C. Olsoufieff of
the emended first Italian edition. In it the author expounds and
evaluates the following theories: determinism and anti-casualisn,
mechanism, vitalism, dialectical materialism, cybernetics, mnemo-
nism, emergentism, holism and panpsychism. He presents these
concepts mainly through quotations from the major proponents of
each, such as Claude Bernard, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Hans
Dreisch, John S. Haldane, Julian S. Huxley, Jacques Loeb, Joseph
Needham, Aleksandr I. Ceparin and George G. Simpson.

After elaborating upon what he and/or biologists generally
consider inadequacies and errors in these concepts, the author
presents his own ideas. He accepts the principle of invariable-
ness of probabilities and the principle of impossibility. Ap-
plied to the "average chance universe the formation of a highly
regular structure is possible, though greatly improbable....and
the realization of a living body is simply impossible,....the
existence of every living body requires preferential laws: pre-
ferential laws are the fundamental causes of life, [and] there-
fore also of evolution." After elaborating upon the Hardy-
Weinberg law, he concludes that "probably the principal direc-
tional factor of evolution has been the differential vitality or
selection." Each is a different possible modality of the orien-
ted causes. "My position is therefore essentially anti-causal-
istic, not anti-selectionistic. In my opinion the 'formula' of
the causes of evolution is not chance and selection, but prefer-
ential laws and selection."

: English is probably not the "first" language of the transla-
or.

"OUR PRECARIOUS HABITAT" by Melvina A. Benarde, 362 pp., illus.,
W. W. Norton & Co., New York, N. b S- 10003. 1970. $2.95
paper bound.

This book is an outgrowth of a course in environmental health

198 PRY Lee he Vol. 21, no. 3

problems taught by the author for non-biologists. It will well
serve a wider audience of interested citizenry who wish to be well
informed on this very important topic.

The author fortifies with practical information and reasoning
his belief that optimum solutions to community pollution problems
must be developed through an integrated or systems approach. He
considers food diseases, insecticides, zoonoses, sewage, water and
air pollution, accidents and occupational hazards, noise, ionizing
radiation, biological and chemical warfare, and finally the poli-
tics of pollution. He does not seem to be concerned especially
with the problem of the numerically expanding human population.

_ The author's intent "will have been achieved if the presenta=-
tion enables the intelligent reader to evaluate these problems
from a basis of knowledge and understanding, rather than of emo-
tional fervor founded on ignorance, superstition, and prejudice."
This reviewer wishes him many readers for the sake of "our pre-
carious habitat".

Bibliographic material is arranged according to the chapter
topics.

There is a useful index.

"THE TRANSPORT OF PLANT HORMONES" —- Proceedings of the NATO/Ege
University Summer Institute, October 1967 —- edited by Y.
Vardar, viii & 457 pp., illus., North-Holland Publishing
Co., Amsterdam & John Wiley & Sons, Inc. as their Western
Hemisphere distributor, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1968. $23.00

The 26 papers and their valuable discussions present what is
known today and outline the research and re-evaluations needed
tomorrow. Kaldewey's opening address analyzes polar transporta-
tion in terms of "density", "velocity" and "intensity" rate
rather than just "rate". Other authors deal with the movement of

-marked indoly| acetic acid; auxin and kinin relationship with
senescence; acrop3tal movement of auxin and agents modifying its
longitudinal transport; effects of photosynthesis, tropisms, sym- |
biosis, flowering and bud dormancy. Alleweldt considers "the an-
mual cyclic pattern of growth and dormancy as the result of a
complex competition of operators controlled by external condi-
tions in combination with an endogenous mechanism of plant devel-
opment, that is, a hormonal influence on the mechanisms by which
the information contained in the genetic code of DNA is trans—-
ferred to the corresponding mRNA, this giving rise to the synthe-
sis of specific enzymes."

Some proofreader was lax because oxidation is spelled two ways
on p. 154, while continuum on p. 366, German on p. h, Cichorium
intybus on p. 415 are also misspelled.

The index is scanty, omitting all plant names.

This is a valuable book, but also an unreasonably expensive
one.

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 199

"AUSTRALIAN NATIVE ORCHIDS IN COLOUR" by Leo Cacy & E. R. Rother
ham, 112 pp., illus., Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Ver-
mont 05701 & Tokyo, Japan. 1971. $6.75.

This book is a little beauty at a very reasoriable price con-
sidering the inclusion of over 100 beautiful color photographic
prints. The text by the first author, who has been specializing
in orchids for over a score of years, consists cf interesting
succinct descriptions, pollination information so fascinating in
this family, habitat and geographic distribution notes, scientific
and common names with their derivations, and type specimen records.
The illustrations by the second author, who is a renowned natural
history photographer, combine very effectively correct represen-
tation, exquisite detail and artistic grace.

The following items are only of minor significance: lithophytes
are confused with lithophiles (p. 7), dependence is misspelled (p.
7), "Geodorum" is derived from "being near the earth" [that is,
the flower] instead of "gift of the earth" (p. 92), and magnifi-
cations are not given with the illustrations.

Anyone interested in orchids, anyone interested in Australia —
in fact, just anyone at all -- should enjoy this book!

"THE LYNN INDEX — A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PHYTOCHEMISTRY" Monograph
VI, Order Tubiflorae, edited by Norman R. Farnsworth, Ralph
B. Blomster, Maynard W. Quimby & John W. Schermerhorn, 27)
pp., published privately by Dr. N. R. Farnsworth, Dept. of
Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chi-
cago, Illinois 60612. 1969. $5 paperback.

A valuable service has been rendered by these scientists for
taxonomic botanists, pharmaceutical workers and students, and
many others in collating all this material. The first five mono-
graphs were edited by the last two individuals mentioned above
and were published by the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. All
are built on Dr. Eldin V. Lynn's file of triple entries kept by
him for many years (generic, author, chemical) and have been
added to constantly.

Material is arranged by related and briefly described plant
families and alphabetically by genera and the species within
them. After each species the common names, common synonymy, and
the chemicals involved are listed. Numbers after each chemical
refer to the bibliography given at the end of each plant family.

"THE BIOLOGY OF FUNGI, BACTERIA AND VIRUSES", 2nd edition, by
Greta B. Stevenson, xiii & 202 pp., illus., American Else-
vier Publishing Company, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1970. $9.00

"Intended for students in the early parts of their University
courses in Botany and Biology and also for sixth-form pupils",
this book may.serve well as a library reference for students in
the United States rather than as a text because there are avail-

200 PH PPOoL Oe ik Vol. 21, no. 3

able more "attractive" works for our students. Part I deals with
cell organization, metabolism, growth and development. Part II
discusses habitatal interrelations and such economic microbiolog-
ical processes as are used in the fermentation industries, anti-
biotic production, etc. Part III develops the diversity of fungi
in relation to their environments in systematic order.

There is an appendix with classification, a useful biblio-
graphy and an index.

"THE BIOLOGY OF LICHENS" by Mason E. Hale, Jr., viii & 176 pp.,
illus., American Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, N. Y.
10017. 1970. $7.50.

This excellent highly readable work was first published by Ed-
ward Arnold, Ltd., of London in 1967. It makes a fine companion
volume to the author's "Lichen Handbook" of 1961, thus supplemen-
ting this field guide with basic modern biological theory and in=-
formation. It belongs in the libraries of all kinds of biolo-
gists, all schools and scientifically interested general readers.

It covers the following topics: morphology of the thallus and
its ascomycete or basidiomycete reproductive structures and vege=
tative diaspores, physiology and nutrition, symbiosis and synthe-
sis, growth and longevity, succession in ecologically different
comunities, intra- and extra-cellular chemistry and biochemical
systematics, classification and taxonomy, and finally economic
importance. This thin book has 289 important bibliographic ref-
erences, a useful index, and excellent photos and drawings.

How does the author delimit lichens? "Lichens are undeniably
more than a sum of their [fungal and algal] parts, for licheni-
zation is accompanied by structural modifications (e.g., thalloid
exciple, soredia) new to the plant kingdom and physiological
activities (production of lichen acids) different from those of
either component."

"FLORA ANALITICA E FITOGEOGRAPHICA DO ESTADO DO SAO PAULO" Volume
2 by Jo&o Angely, xix--xliii & 21-56 & 17 pp., illus.,
Edico&s Phyton, C.P. 5271, S&o Paulo, Brazil. 1970.

Welcome to this new volume in a very carefully executed serial
publication from a most prodigious botanical worker! It covers
31 families from the Leguminosae through the Vitaceae with 20
genera and 1345 species and their subunits. For each taxon is
given the source of its scientific name, a brief description,
blooming times, common names, synonymy, and geographic distribu-
tion.

There are 399 distribution maps covering the range of the re-
corded plants throughout the Western Henisphere. There are sever—
al valuable indexes. The offset printing is very neat; only the
generic name Rhabdocaulon on p. xxxiv was noticed as misspelled.

PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

Me at es aS ee
CONTENTS

KORF, R. P., Some new discomycete names ......-+2-++++ee0es 201
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of

RS CIITA Se ar dees: pate ass wm # Pies wine 208
MILLER, H. A., An overview of the Hookeriales ...........00045. 243
MOLDENKE, H. N., Five more novelties in the Verbenaceae......... 253
ne. 8 IK FEVIOWS ic vin a7: eos ig erie 3a draped sist ea aie 255
WINDLER, D. R., New North American unifoliolate Crotalaria taxa .... 257

~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XXXVI... . 267

THOMPSON, H. J., & Roberts, J., Observations on Mentzelia in
EEG TL TREE Re Ra Rae OR MRS oar Pig See aa 279

7

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road

Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.

| F Fo Picts number, $1; per volume, $7.50, in advance,

See ell eC

or $8, at close of volume
4

4 MAY 24 197)

BIirwiAly wrt rT

SOME NEW DISCOMYCETE NAMES

RICHARD P. KORF
Plant Pathology Herbariwn
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Preparation of keys to the Discomycete genera (Korf, 1971) has
led to several revisions by the author and his students, most of
which are being reported elsewhere. This brief article involves
validation of three new genera and forty-three new combinations in
various Discomycete groups not currently being monographed by us.

NEW GENERA

CALLORINA Korf, gen. nov.

Apothecta subgelatinosa, erwnpentta, denique patelliformia,
carnea vel aurantiaca, hymenio concolore; exctpulum ex textura
angulart formatum, partetibus tenuitbus, subhyalinibus; asci J-;
ascosporae ellipticae-cylindricae, 1- vel 3-septatae, hyalinae;
paraphyses filiformes, apice twmido. (Helotiales, Dermateaceae,
Naevieae.) Species typica: Peziza fusarioides Berk.

(= Calloria Fr. sensu Tul. et Tul., non Fries.)

DENCOELIOPSIS Korf, gen. nov.

Apothecta cortacea, erwnpentia, cupulata, breviter stipitata,
rufo-fusca, pulverulenta vel furfuracea, hymento flavido, in siecco
nigrescente; excitpulwn ectale exterius ex cellulis globosis inco-
haerentibus et hyphis capilliformibus mixtis formatun; exctpulwn
ectale interius ex textura porrecta formatun, pariettibus lutets
vel brunneis, granulatis; asct J+; ascosporae fustformae, 1-sep-
tatae, hyalinae; paraphyses filiformes. (Helotiales, Leotiaceae,
Encoelioideae.) Species typica: Peztza johnstonii Berk.

(= Encoeliopsis Nannf. sensu Dennis, non Nannfeldt. )

VELUTARINA Korf, gen. nov.

Apothecia coriacea, sessilia, cupulata, ferrugineo-brunnea, pul-
verulenta, hymenio viridulo vel nigro; cellulae vesiculosae pigmen-
tun viridulun in excipulo disperso continentes; asct J+; ascosporae
ellipticae, non septatae, hyalinae vel pallide brunneae, 1- vel
2-guttulatae; paraphyses cylindricae, apice clavato pigmentwn olt-
vaceum continente. (Helotiales, Leotiaceae, Encoelioideae. )
Species typica: Peztza rufo-olivacea Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.

[= Velutarina Korf, Mycologia 45: 476. 1953, not validly pub-
lished (Int. Code Botan. Nomencl. 1966, Art. 36).]

201

202 PRY TOLOG IA Vol. 21, no.
NEW COMBINATIONS

Aparaphysaria aparaphysata (Speg.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Geopyxts aparaphysata Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6:
302. 1898.

= Aparaphysaria doellot Speg. 1922.

Ascocoryne cylichnium (Tul.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Peztza cylichniwn Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III 20: 174. 1853.
= Coryne cyltchntum (Tul.) Boud. 1907.

= Coryne urnalis (Nyl.) Sacc. 1875.

Ascocoryne microspora (Ellis et Everh.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Coryne mtcrospora Ellis et Everh., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:
282. 1897.

Ascocoryne turficola (Boud.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Coryne turficola Boud., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 21: 71. 1905.

Blumeriella kerriae (Stewart) Korf, comb. nov.
= Coccomyces kerriae Stewart, Phytopathology 7: 405. 1917.

= Htgginsta kerriae (Stewart) Nannf. 1932.

Boedijnopeziza colensoi (Berk.) Korf et Erb, comb. nov.
= Peztza colensot Berk. in Hooker, Botany Antarctic Voyage 2(2):
P00 O55.
= Cookeina colensot (Berk.) Seaver 1913.

Byssonectria aggregata (Berk. et Br.) Rogerson et Korf, comb.
nov.
= Peztza aggregata Berk. et Br., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. III 18: 123.
1866.

= Octospora aggregata (Berk. et Br.) Eckblad 1968.
= Inermista aggregata (Berk. et Br.) Svr&ek 1969.

Byssonectria fusispora (Berk.) Rogerson et Korf, comb. nov.

= Peziza fustspora Berk., Lond. J. Botany 5: 5. 186.
Oetospora fustspora (Berk.) Brumm. 1967.
Inermisia fustspora (Berk.) Rifai 1968.

tout

Byssonectria tetraspora (Fuckel) Korf, comb. nov.

= Ascobolus tetrasporus Fuckel, Hedwigia 5: 4. 1866.
= Oetospora tetraspora (Fuckel) Korf 1955.

1971 | Korf, New Discamycete names 203

Callorina fusarioides (Berk.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Peziza fusarioides Berk., Mag. Zool. Bot. 1: 46. 1837.
= Calloria fusariotdes (Berk.) Fr. 1849.

Ciboria peckiana (Cooke) Korf, comb. nov.

= Helotiwn macrosporum Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. S. Mus. 26: 62.
1874, non Peziza macrospora Wallr. 1833, nec Ctboria macro-
spora (Sacc.) Sacc. 1883.

Peziza peckiana Cooke, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 2: 29h.
1875, nom. nov.

Rutstroemia macrospora (Peck) Kanouse in Wehmeyer 1940.

Ciboria peckiana forma gigaspora (Korf) Korf, comb. nov.

= Rutstroemia macrospora oe Kanouse in Wehm. f. gigaspora
Korf, Bull. Nat. Sci. . (Tokyo) 4: 396. 1959.

Cordierites frondosa (Kobayasi) Korf, comb. nov.
= Bulgaria frondosa Kobayasi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 158. 1939.
= Ionomidotis frondosa (Kobayasi) Kobayesi et Korf in Korf-
1958.

Cyathicula cyathoidea (Bull. ex Mérat) Korf, camb. nov.
= Peztza cyathotdea Bull. ex Mérat, Nouv. Flore Envir. Paris, ed.
2 15. 23.. 18621, + Fe oases
= Phialea eyathoidea (Bull. ex Mérat) Gill. 1881.
= Cyathicula vulgaris de Not. 1864, nom. nov. superf.

Cyathicula helios (Penzig et Sacc.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Davincia helitos Penzig et Sacc., Malpighia 75: 215. 1902; Icones
Fung. Javan. p. 81. 1904.

Cyathicula sublicoides (Karst.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Peziza sublicoides Karst., Not. SHllsk. Fauna Flora Fenn. 10:
148. 1869.
= Allophylaria sublicoides (Karst.) Nannf. 1932.

Dencoeliopsis johnstonii (Berk. ) Korf, comb. nov.
= Peziza johnstonii Berk., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. I 13: 356. 1644.
= Encoeltopsis johnstonii (Berk.) Dennis 1956.

Fimaria ripensis (E. C. Hansen) Korf, comb. nov.
= Peztza rtpensis E. C. Hansen, Hedwigia 15: 97. 1876; Vidensk.
Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kj&Sbenh. 1876: 267. 1876.

20h, Pere? OT Oren Vol. 21, now

Grovesiella ericae (Fr.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Cenangium ericae Fr., Syst. Myc. 2: 188. 1822.
= Encoeltopsis erteae (Fr.) Groves 1969.

Grovesiella ledi (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Peziza ledi Alb. et Schw. ex Pers., Myc. Eur. 1: 324. 1822.
Fr. 1822.
= Encoeltopsis ledi (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) Groves 1969.

Laetinaevia caulophylli (Ellis et Everh.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Orbilta caulophyllt Ellis et Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadel. 1893: 145. 1893.

Melastiza flavorubens (Rehm in Rabenh.) Pfister et Korf,

comb. nov.

Humarta flavorubens Rehm in Rabenh., Kryptogamen-Flora Deutschl.,
Oesterr. Schweiz II 1(3) [42]: 960. 1894.

Melastiza grelettti Le Gal 1958.

Neocudoniella albiceps (Peck) Korf, comb. nov.
= Ombrophila albiceps Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. S. Mus. 42: 130.
1889.
= Leotta albiceps (Peck) Mains 1956.
= WNeocudoniella jezoensts Imai 1941.

Neolecta irregularis (Peck) Korf et J. K. Rogers, comb. nov.

= Geoglossum irregulare Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. S. Mus. 32: 45.

1879.

Mitrula vitellina (Bres.) Sacc. in Sacc. et Bres. subsp.
trregularis (Peck) Sacc. 1889.

Mitrula trregularis (Peck) Durand 1908.

Ascocoryneum irregulare (Peck) Ito et Imai in Imai 1934.

Spragueola trregularis (Peck) Nannf. 1942.

= Spragueola americana Massee 1896.

Neolecta vitellina (Bres.) Korf et J. K. Rogers, comb. nov.
= Geoglossum vitellinum Bres., Rev. Mycol. 4: 212. 1882.
Mitrula vitellina (Bres.) Sacc. in Sacc. et Bres. 1885.
Ascocoryneum vitellinum (Bres.) Ito et Imai in Imai 1934.
Spragueola vitellina (Bres.) Nannf. 1942.

1971 Korf, New Discomycete names 205

Pezoloma ciliifera (Karst. ) Korf, comb. nov.

= Peziza cilitfera Karst., Not. SHllsk. Fauna Flora Fenn. 10:

153. 1869.

Sphagnicola ciliifera (Karst.) Vel. 1934.

Pseudodiscinella ciliifera (Karst.) Dennis 1956.

= Lachnea ciliata Vel. 1922, monotype of genus Ciliatula Vel.
1922.

Pezoloma fergussonii (Sacc.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Helotiwn mellewm Berk. et Br., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV 15: 38.

1875, non H. mellewm Berk. et Br. 1873.

Helotium fergussonii Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 223. 1889, nom.
nov.

Sphagnicola fergussonii (Sacc.) Dennis 1964.

Pezoloma iodocyanescens (Dennis et Korf) Korf, comb. nov.
= Sphagnicola todocyanescens Dennis et Korf, Kew Bull. 1958: 181.
1958.

Pezoloma laricina (Ellis et Everh.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Pseudohelotium laricinum Ellis et Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Philadel. 1894: 349. 1894.

= Sphagnicola laricina (Ellis et Everh.) Dennis 1964.

Pezoloma obstricta (Karst.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Peziza obstricta Karst., Not. Sllsk. Fauna Flora Fenn. 10: 151.
1869.

Pseudodiscinella obstricta (Karst.) Dennis 1956.

Sphagnicola obstricta (Karst.) Dennis et Korf 1958.

Phaeosclerotinia phaeospora (Hori) Korf, comb. nov.
= Selerotinia phaeospora Hori, Engei no Tomo 8: 953. 1912.
= Phaeosclerotinia nipponica Hori in Sasaki ("Phaeoscherotin-
ia"), Nippon Engei Zasshi 25: 38. [15. Mar.] 1913;
(Phaeosclerotinia) Engei no Tomo 9: 351. [5 Apr.] 1913,

nom. nov. superf.

Pulparia persoonii (Crouan et Crouan) Korf, Pfister et Rogers,
comb. nov.

= Ascobolus persoonii Crouan et Crouan, Fl. Finestére p. 56. 1867,
(lectotypified by Brummelen 1967).
= Marcelleina persoonii (Crouan et Crouan) Brumm. 1967.

206 PRY Ti0L. Ore’ TA Vol. 21, no.

Pulparia planchonis (Dun. ex Boud.) Korf, Pfister et Rogers,
comb. nov.
= Plicaria planchonis (Dun.) ex Boud., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 3:
92. 1887.
= Marcelleina atroviolacea Brumm. 1967.
= Peziza atroviolacea Delile ex de Seynes 1886, non Peztza
atrovitolacea Bres. 1882.

Pulparia planchonis forma ovalispora (Grelet) Korf, Pfister et
Rogers, comb. nov.
= Plicaria planchonis (Dun.) ex Boud. var. ovalispora Grelet,
Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 42: 203. 1927.

Sarcoleotia globosa (Sommerf.) Korf, comb. nov.
= Mitrula globosa Sommerf., Suppl. Fl. Lappl. p. 287. 1826.
= Corynetes globosus (Sommerf.) Durand 1908.

powernyeile imperialis (Peck) Korf, comb. nov.
= Peztza imperialis Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. S. Mus. 29: 54. 1878,
non P. impertalts Beck 1884.
= Aleuria unicolor Gill., Champ. Fr., Discom. p. 38. 1880.
= Sowerbyella unicolor (Gill.) Nannf. 1938.
= Pseudotis unicolor (Gill.) Heim 1962.

Tarzetta bronca (Peck) Korf et J. K. Rogers, comb. nov.

= Peztza bronca Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. S. Mus. 29: 54. 1878.
Pustularia bronea (Peck) Kanouse 1950.

Pustulina bronea (Peck) Korf et Berthet in Berthet et Korf
1969.

Tarzetta catinus (Holmskj. ex Pers.) Korf et J. K. Rogers,
comb. nov.

= Peziza eatinus Holmskj. ex Pers., Myc. Eur. 1: 231. 1822. : Fr.

1822.

Pustularia catinus (Holmskj. ex Pers.) Fuckel 1870.

Pustulina catinus (Holmskj. ex Pers.) Eckblad 1968.

= Peziza tarzetta Cooke, Mycographia p. 166. 1877; nomenclatural
type of Peziza subgen. Tarzetta Cooke, Mycographia p. 251.
1879 (Int. Code Botan. Nomencl. 1966, Art. 22), hence also
the nomenclatural type of Tarzetta (Cooke) Lambotte 1887).

Tarzetta gaillardiana (Boud.) Korf et J. K. Rogers, comb. nov.
= Pustularia gatllardiana Boud., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 18: 141.
1902.
= Pustulina gatllardiana (Boud.) Pant et Tewari 1971.

1971 Korf, New Discomycete names 207

Tarzetta insignis (Berthet et Riousset) Korf et J. K. Rogers,
comb. nov.
= Pustularia insignis Berthet et Riousset, Bull. Soc. Mycol.
France 79: 392, 397. 1963.
= Pustulina insignis (Berthet et Riousset) Korf et Berthet in
Berthet et Korf 1969.

Unguiculariopsis hysterigena (Berk. et Br.) Korf, comb. nov.

= Peziza hysterigena Berk. et Br., J. Linn. Soc. (London) 14: 106.
1873.

Peziza ravenelit Berk. et Curtis in Berk. 1875.

= Encoeliella ravenelii (Berk. et Curtis in Berk.) H&hn. 1910.

Unguiculariopsis infundibuliformis (Durand) Korf, comb. nov.

= Midotis infundibultformis Durand, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci.
59: T. 1923.

Velutarina rufo-olivacea (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) Korf, comb.
nov.

= Peziza rufo-olivacea Alb. et Schw. ex Pers., Myc. Eur. 7: 251.

1822. : Fr. 1822.

Velutaria rufo-olivacea (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) Fuckel 1870.
Velutarina rufo-olivacea (Alb. et Schw. ex Pers.) Korf 1953,
not validly published (Int. Code Botan. Nomencl. 1966,

Art. 43).]

lm]
mt out

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work has been supported by National Science Foundation Grant
GB-8548, "Monographie and Floristic Studies of the Discomycetes."
The able technical assistance of Mrs. Patricia Fazio allowed these
studies to be completed. Most of all I owe a very deep debt to my
many students, present and past, whose unfailing and friendly help,
criticism, and forbearance can never be repaid. Throughout much of
the work, a motto coined by one of my students (Joanne K. Rogers,
in litt.) has helped me through some of the more difficult times:
"No name change today can eradicate the confusion of the past!"

LITERATURE CITED
Korf, R. P. (1971). Discomycetes and Tuberales. Jn "The Fungi:

An Advanced Treatise," (G. C. Ainsworth, A. S. Sussman and F. K.
Sparrow, eds.), Volume IV. Academic Press, New York & London.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XV

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA LONGIPES Dunn
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 162—-16. 1971.
Additional citations: CHINA: Fukien: Ching 6668 (N); H. H.
Chung 3370 (Ca--288)15, Ca--l20338, V--lh164; Hongkong Herb. 3390
(N—photo of isotype). Kiangsi: Tsiang 10159 (N). Kwangsi:
Ching 7189 (N); Wing 5681 (N). Kwangtung: Liou 88) (N); Peng,
Tak, & Kin 561 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 12560] (Ca--27993, W—
128186); Sin 10020 (N); Tsang 20762 (N), 21319 (N); Tso 20752
(N). Kweichow: Chaffanjon 231 (N--photo, N--photo).

CALLICARPA LONGIPES var. LAUI Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 273. 1962.

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 273. 1962; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. : 8. 1962; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 39: 61). 1962;
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 535. 1963.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its pubescence on the petioles, leaf-blades, branches, pe-
duncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and calyx hirsute, e-
longate, divergent at right angles to the base, and gland-tipped.

The type of the variety was collected by S. K. Lau (no. 3927) —
in whose honor it is named — at Sai Hang Cheung, near Tung Lei
village, Kiennan District, Kiangsi, China, between July 28 and 30,
1934, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at
Washington.

In all, 3 herbarium specimens, including the type, have been
examined by me.

Citations: CHINA: Kiangsi: Lau 3927 (W--1752680—type), 4729
(W—1753357, Z).

CALLICARPA LONGIPETIOLATA Merr., Philip. Gov. Lab. Bur. Bull.
29: 7. 1905.

Synonymy: Callicarpa tomentosa var. longipetiolata (Merr.)
Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 22. 1921.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Gov. Lab. Bur. Bull. 29:
47--48 & 58. 1905; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 32. 1908; H. J.
Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 49, 75--76, & 362. 1919; Bakh. in
Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 21, 22, & 221.
1921; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 386. 1923; Moldenke,
Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 13. 1940; Moldenke, Alph. List
Invalid Names 11. 192; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 1, 62 & 87. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl.
1: 3. 1947; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 140
& 177. 1949; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 4: 1085, 1236, & 1260,
1949; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 26: 1471. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia
l: 77. 1952; Moldenke, Résumé 182, 245, 27, & hhh. 1959; Molden-

208

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 209

See terees mit 13: 499. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 18.
1968.

Tree, to 15 m. tall; trunk to 31 cm. in diameter; branchlets
subtetragonal, ferruginous-tomentose or -subtomentose; leaves de-
cussate-opposite; petioles 1.7—2.6 cm. long, ferruginous-tomen-
tose or -subtomentose; leaf-blades coriaceous or thick-chartace-—
ous, ovate or oblong-ovate, —10 cm. long, 1.5--l.5 cm. wide,
acute or acuminate at the apex, entire, somewhat rounded to sub-
acute or acute at the base, stellate-hairy above when young but
glabrous when adult, densely yellow-brown-tomentose beneath or
subpersistently flavid-puberulent when dried; secondaries 7--9
pairs; cymes small to medium or large, in the axils of the upper
leaves, 7--10 cm. long, 5.5--10 cm. wide, ferruginous-tomentose
or -subtomentose; peduncles 4—5.5 cm. Long, 2-3 times as long
as the subtending petiole; flowers subsessile; calyx 1 mm. long,
densely pilose with yellowish stellate-furfuraceous hairs, glandu-
lose, the rim )-toothed; corolla 3 mm. long, with lines of
dense simple (7?) hairs, glandulose, or very densely sublanate-
tomentose on the outside and on the back of the lobes, the lobes
glabrous within; stamens 3.5--.5 mm. long; anthers glandulose;
style ) mm. long; stigma capitate; ovary densely villous and
glandular-punctate.

The type of this species was collected by Adolph Daniel Ed-
ward Elmer (no. 6266) on Mount Santo Tomas, in the province of
Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Islands, in May of 190), and was de-
posited in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science at Manila, but
is now destroyed. Collectors have found this species in bloom
from February to June. A black fungus is on specimens of M. S.
Clemens 5882. The Vanoverbergh 1376, distributed as C. longi-
petiolata, i is actually the type collection of its var. '. glabrescens
Moldenke.

In all, 19 herbarium specimens, including type material of
both names involved, and 2 mounted photographs have been examined
by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: M. S. Clemens 5882 (Ca—
252509, Z), 9185 (Bi); Elmer 6266 (Bz—-18681—isotype, N—isotype,
N--photo of isotype, Z—photo of of isotype), 14280 (Bi, Bz—18682,
Du--176387, N, Ut--33520, Vi, W--105113h); B. De D. Merrill 873 (Ut—
23202, W—1133077); Sandkuhl s.n. [Herb. Philip. Forest Bur.

20428] (W--900688) ; Fae K. Santos | sen. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.

31935] (Ca—21h050, N, W—1262967); J. V. Santos 5810 (W--22l,6767) .

suey She) ee var. GLABRESCENS Moldenke, Phytologia }:
3. 1952.

Synonymy: Callicarpa longipetala Merr. ex Moldenke, ‘Alph. List
Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3, in syn. 197.

Bibliography: Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3.
1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 43 & 77. 1952; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr.
26: 1471. 1952; Moldenke, Résumé 182 & hhh. ne, Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 13: 499. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 18. 1968.

210 P..H. YT, 0 G,0;G. 5A Vol. 21, no.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its lower leaf-surfaces decidedly silvery, but only very
sparsely furfuraceous on the larger venation when mature.

The type of the variety was collected by Father Morice Frans
Jules Pieter Maria Vanoverbergh (no. 1376) in Bontoc Subprovince,
Luzon, Philippine Islands, on June 30, 191), and is deposited in
the herbarium of the Botanisch Museum at Utrecht. This same col-
lection is also the type of Merrill's C. longipetala, which I
formerly (1947) regarded as typical C. longipetiolata. The plant
has been collected in anthesis so far only in June. Material has
been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as C. angusta Schau.
and as typical C. longipetiolata Merr. is

In all, 6 herbarium specimens, including type material of both
names involved, and 3 mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Loher 12589 (Ca—2)3061);
Vanoverbergh 1376 (Go—-isotype, Mi-—-photo of isotype, N—isotype,
N--photo of type, S—isotype, Ut--53633—-type, Vi--isotype, Z—-
photo of type).

a LONGISSIMA (Hemsl.) Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12:
108. 1917.

ee Callicarpa longifolia var. ? longissima Hemsl. in
Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 253—25). 1890.
Callicarpa longifolia Hance ex Hemsl. in Forbes & Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 253, in syn. 1890 [not C. longifolia
Auct., 1965, nor Blume, 1936, nor Diels, 1916, nor Hemsl., 1916,
nor Hook., 1932, nor L., 1820, nor Lam., 1783, nor Roxb., 1827,
nor Vahl, 1936, nor "sensu Hemsl.", 1949]. Callicarpa longifolia
var. longissima Hemsl. apud J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2):
529. 1912. Callicarpa longissima Merr. apud Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.

China 1 (1)3 226. 192h. Callicarpa longifolia longissina Hemsl.
apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929. Callicarpa longissima f.
subglabra P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 50. 1932. Callicarpa
taiwaniana Suzuki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 25: 130—131.
1935. Callicarpa longifolia Benth. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3:
30, in syn. 1962. Callicarpa longifolia sensu Mori apud Li, Woody
Fl. Taiwan 823, in syn. 1963.

Bibliography: Hance, Ann. Soc. Nat., ser. 5, 5: 233. 1866; Max-
im., M61. Biol. 12: 507. 1886; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc.
Lond. Bot. 26: 253-25. 1890; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2):
529. 1912; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: 125, pl. 36. 1912; Rehd. in
Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 369. 1916; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci.
Bot. 12: 108. 1917; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 23. 1922; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 226. 192h; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
6: 34. 1926; T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos.
Pl.] 60). 1927; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929; Ptei, Sinensia
2: 68. 1932; Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China]
17, 49--50, & 55, pl. 6. 1932; Suzuki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. For-
mos. 25: 130—131. 1935; Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine : 802.

197% Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 211

1935; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 40: 98. 1936; Kanehi-
ra, Fomos. Trees, ed. 2, 62, 64--645, & 716. 1936; Masamune,
Short Fl. Formos. 179. 1936; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6.
1938; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names ll & 12. 190;
Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56, 58, & 87. 192; Moldenke, Alph.
List Invalid Names 10. 19j2; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 68 & 9h.
1945; Moldenke, Castanea 13: 120. 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit.
2: 634 (1948), 3: 657, 666, 727, & 770 (1949), and 4: 1010, 1011,
& 1228. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2,
131, 133, 135, & 177. 19495 Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 280,
285, 293, 308, 310, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 168, 171, 17h,
2bb, 2h5, & - 1959; Liu, Illustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Tai-
wan 2: 1207, pl. 1015. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 18 & 30.
1962; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan bi9, 823, & 94. 1963; Moldenke, Résu-
mé Suppl. 8: 3 (196k) and 1h: 7. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h:
55, 58, 99, 102, 104, & 171--172 (1966), 15: 38 (1967), 16: 371 &
373 (1968), 20: 490 (1971), and 21: 48, 102, 109, & 113. 1971.

Tlustrations: Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 2: pl. 36. 1912; T. Ité,
Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl.] 60). 1927;
Prei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] pl. 6. 1932;
Liu, Dlustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: pl. 1015. 1962.

Woody herb or erect bush, densely bushy shrub, or small tree,
1—10 m. tall, glabrous and shiny almost throughout; trunk to 7.5
cm. in diameter; bark gray; branches green, often with a ring of
long villous hairs at the nodes; leaves decussate-opposite; peti-
oles 0.7—-1.5 cm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous, somber-green
above, lighter beneath, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate
to lanceolate or conspicuously and narrowly elongate-lanceolate,
12—23 cm. long, 2--5.5 cm. wide, entire or crenately serrate,
glabrous or subglabrous to pubescent with stellate hairs above
(especially along the venation), sparsely golden-pulverulent and
with a few large glands beneath or glabrous; secondaries 13 or 1h
per side; cymes distinctly pedunculate, the peduncles about 2 cm.
long; flowers minute; calyx 1 mm. long, sparsely glandulose on
the outer surface, glabrous within, its rim truncate, with ) rudi-
mentary teeth; corolla red or pink: to purple, sometimes yellowish-
white or white, sparsely pubescent and glandulose outside, its
tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous, the limb )\-lobed, the lobes
sparsely pubescent within; stamens exserted; filaments nearly 3
times as long as the corolla-tube; style surpassing the stamens;
ovary glandulose; fruit subglobose, about 2 mm. in diameter, green
when immature, white when ripe, glandulose.

Merrill (1917) comments that "The type of Hamsley's variety was
from near Canton, and is the form interpreted by Hance and by Max-
imowicz as Callicarpa longifolia Lam. Lamarck's type was from
Malacca, and Callicarpa longifolia Lam. is a species entirely dis-
tinct from this Chinese form; Hemsley states that his var. longis-
sima stands out very distinctly from all others (i.e., other forms
of Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) and should perhaps be raised to be
specific rank. It is distinguished from Lamarck's species by its

212 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

narrow, elongated, nearly glabrous, entire or but very minutely
toothed leaves, its smaller flowers, and other characters. In
some respects it approaches the Philippine Callicarpa dolichophyl-
la Merr., from which it is distinguished by its vegetative char-
acters."

The C. longifolia accredited to "Auct.", to Blume, to Linnaeus,
to Roxburgh, and to Vahl in the synonymy Lok above is C. longi-
folia Lam., a valid species, that accredited to Diels is C C. bodin-
ieri | var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., that accredited to Hooker is Ce. Cc.
brevipes (Benth.) Hance, that accredited to "sensu Hemsl." is eh
japonica var. angustata "Rehd., while that attributed to Hemsley
is in part C. bodinieri var. giraldii and in part C. japonica var.

angustata.

According to P'ei (1932) "Hemsley's original description is as
follows: 'Fere undique glabra mitidaque, foliis valde longatis
anguste lanceolatis usque 9 poll. longis, subtus pallidioribus
parce aureo-pulverulentis ceterum glabris, cymis distincte pedun-
culatis, floribus minutis. — C. longifolia Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat.
Sme série, Vv. p. 233 et Maxim. in M61. Biol. XII. p. 507. VIX lan.
Kwangtung: near Canton (Hance e956!) Mus. Brit. Herb. Kew.
Variable as C. longifolia is as limited here and in the "Flora of
British India", the present form stands out very distinctly from
all the others ” and should perhaps be raised to specific rank.'" He
cites Chang liSu, Chung 2477 & 2800, Ging 7212, 729k, & 15778, and
Po 2049 from Fukien, McClure 3454 from Kiangsi, Ching 7738 from
Kwangsi, Chun 6922 from Kwangtung, Tsang 810 from Hainan Island,
and Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 238 and E. D. "Merrill 9986 from Honam

Island. He says further " allicarpa 1 ongissima ‘ssima (Hemsl. ) Merr. has
nearly glabrous leaves except for the long villose hairs along the
veins on the upper surface, and a ring of long hairs at each node
of the branchlets. It is related to Callicarpa longifolia Lam.
and C. brevipes Hance differing from the former by its leaves being
glabrous beneath, and pubescent above only along the veins; from
the later by its attenuate leaf-base; and from both by its long
narrow leaves." His C. longissima f. subglabra is described by
him as follows: "A typo differt foliis subglabris, ovato-lanceola-
tis ad elliptico-lanceolatis, 12.5 to 20 cn. longis 3 to 4.7 cm.
latis, nodis band barbatis. Kwangtung: Lungtau Mt., near Iu,
Peng (To), Tak (Ts'ang) and Kin (Ts'ang) 2961, May 192h, ‘Shrub 4
feet tall, flowers white and [ yellow' ; same e locality, Peng (To),
Tak (Ts'ang) and Kin (Ts'ang) 5573, June 192), 'Flowers yellowish
white'; North River, near Fungwanhu, Peng (To), Tak (Ts'ang) and
Kin (Ts'ang) 8261, July 192), 'Flowers white'. This differs fram
the type by its leaves being glabrous above and subglabrous be-
neath. There is no ring of long hairs at the nodes of the branch-
lets."

The type of C. taiwaniana was collected by Sigetaka Suzuki (no.
5945) at Sankyaku and Suigen, Formosa, and is deposited in the her-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa a3

barium of the National Taiwan University.

Chang (1951) maintains C, longissima, C. longissima f. subgla-
bra, and C. taiwaniana as three distinct and valid taxa, although
he seems not to be entirely certain about the last-named of these.

names, again, he gives only in Chinese characters.

Recent collectors have found C. longissima growing on hillsides,
wooded hillsides, low slopes, and dry land, in forests, wooded
places, thickets, and dry places by the sides of houses, and at
pondsides, at altitudes of 10 to 1600 meters, flowering from May
to August and in October, and fruiting from September to March.
Ching describes it as "common" in Kwangsi; Lau found it to be
"fairly common on dry steep slope in sandy soil of rocky forest"
on Hainan Island; and Tsang describes it as "fairly common in
village commons in dry sandy soil and silt" in Kwangsi. E. D.
Merrill 9986 is said to be a topotype. ETN e

Vernacular names for the plant appear to be "bok wat tan",
"fat fung shu", "long-leaved beauty-berry", and "taai tsin mi
fung". The corolla is described as "red" on W. T. Tsang 22628,
"pink" on H. H. Chung 2800 and F. C. How 72815, "purple" on R. C.
Ching 7738, "green" on H. H. Chung 277, "white and yellow" on
Peng, Tak, & Kin 296, "yellowish-white" on Peng, Tak, & Kin 557,
and "white" on Peng, Tak, & Kin 826.

Callicarpa longissima closely resembles C. brevipes f. serrula-
ta P'ei, but the latter has serrate or serrulate leaf=blades,
whereas in C. longissima the leaf-blades are entire or subentire.
Some specimens (e.g., R. C. Ching 6996) also greatly resemble the
M. Ramos 2037 collection which is regarded by me as representing
C. dolichophylla Merr. Li (1963) cites H. H. Bartlett 6082,
Nakahara s.n., Sasaki s.n., Suzuki 5945, and E. H. Wilson 9821 &
10108 from Formosa.

Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria as C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance, C. longifolia Lan.,
and Clerodendron sp. On the other hand, the H. H. Bartlett 6082,
cited by Li and distributed as C. longissima, is actually C. ran-
daiensis Hayata. It is probable that the other Formosan material
cited by Li also represents that species.

In all, 38 herbarium specimens and one mounted photograph have
been examined by me.

21h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

plletionss CHINA: Fukien: T. C. Chang )5), (Ca--303271); H. He
2477 (Ca--23306), 2800 (ca—21,3756); Ging 7212 (Ca—322261),

a (Ca--322357), 15778 (Ca—32188) ; Po 12049 12019 (Ca—325897) . Ki-
angsi: F. A. McClure e 35h [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15316] (Ca—319928).
Kwangsi: | Re ye Ching 6996 (N), 7738 (Ca—1028h, N, W—12)8679) ;
W. T. Tsang Tsang 22628 (S (S)0e Kwangtung: | Peng, Tak, & Kin 296 [Herb.
Canton Chr. Coll. 12295] (W—12,76))8), 557 0 faerie Canton Chr. Coll.
12556] (Ca--275009, W--12)8182), 826 (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll.
12825] (W—128035). Province undetermined: Nevin s.n. [China]
(Du--90911). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: F. C. How 72815
(Bi, S); Lau 3282 (Bi, S); W. T. Tsang 810 [Herb. Lingnan Uni Univ.
16309] (Ca-—326101, N, S, W—12)9811). Honam: Dahlstrém 486 (S);
C. O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 238] (Io, W—776597)
E. De Merrill 9986 (Ca—992)56, Gg-——31976, N—photo, Ph). FORMOSA:
E. H. Wilson 10108 (w—1052933, W--105293h) « CULTIVATED: China:
Chun 6922 (Bz--18069, Bz—18070, N); Hom A.354 (N).

CALLICARPA LUTEOPUNCTATA Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 292. 1951.

Bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Acta Phytotax Sin. 1: 272, 280, 292,
310, & 311. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966; Mol-
denke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 3. 1966.

Chang (1951) describes this species as follows: "Frutex circ. 2
m altus. Ramuli hornotini teretes fulvo-brunnei farinoso-stellato—
lepidoti, amotini brunnei lenticellati glabri. Folia membranacea
oblonga, 7--12 cm longa 2--l; cm lata, apice acuta vel breviter a-
cuminata, basi in petiolum longissime attenuata, utrinque glabra
lucide aureo-glandulosa, in sicco supra brunneo-viridia, subtus
fulvo-viridia ad costam nervosque laterales parcissime farinoso—
stellato-puberula, margine in parte 3/4 superiore irregulariter
serrulata; nervi laterales utrinsecus 8--l1 supra plani subtus
elevati; petioli 1—-1.5 cm longi. Cymae axillares graciles 2 cm
longae, 2--3 cm latae, quinquies dichotomae, pedunculis )--7 mm
longis, pedicellis 1—1.5 mm longis; bracteae subulatae 2 mm lon-
gae; calyx 0.7 mm longus truncatus farinosus et glandulosus, lob-
is inconspicuis; corolla violaceo-purpurea glabra, tubo 1 m lon-
go, lobis 0.) mm longis; stamina longe exserta, filamentis 3 um
longis, antheris ovalibus 0.) mm longis longitudinaliter dehis-
centibus; ovarium punctatum glabrum, stylo stamina subaequante.
Fructus 1 mm diametro punctatus."

The species is based on W. P. Fang 17252 from Szechuan, depos-
ited in the herbarium of the Botanical Institute of Sunyatsen Uni-
ciel Canton, China. From the same province is cited W. P.

ang 17200, meas from Yunnan Chang cites E. E. Maire 34 and H H. T.
or 51132. He compares the species with is bodinieri var. giral-

dii dii (Hesse) Rehd. and C. longifolia Lam., but in Chinese.

CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 13, pl. 53. 179k.
Synonymy: Callicarpa tomentosa Konig ex Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 13,
in syn. ["Callicarpae tomentosae"]. 179h,; Jacke: in Hook. f. &

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 215

Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386, in syn. 1893 [not C. tomentosa
Auct., 1962, nor Bakh., 1932, nor Hook. & Arn., 1918, nor "L. ex
Moldenke", 1959, nor "L. ex Spreng.", 1825, nor "L. ex Willd.",
1966, nor (L.) Murr., 177), nor (L.) Santapau, 1965, nor Lam.,
1783, nor Murr., 1893, nor Thunb., 1959, nor Willd., 1809, nor
"sensu auct. Japon.", 1965, nor "sensu Matsum.", 1964, nor "sensu
Matsum. & Hayata", 1963]. Callicarpa foliis lanceolato-ellipticis
crenatis attenuatis, supra rugosis subtus ramisque tomentoso-
incanis Vahl ex Willd., Linn. Sp. Pl. 1: 620, in syn. 1797. Cal-
licarpa incana Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10], hyponym. 181); Wall. in
Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 407—08. 1820 [not Cc.
incana (Turcz.) Moldenke, 1934, nor (F.) Moldenke, 1953). Calli-
carpa roxburghii Wall., Numer. List [50] (as 9"). 1829 [not C.
roxburghii H. J. Lam, 1948, nor Schau., 1390, nor "Wall. ex
Schau.", 1968, nor "Wall. ex Walp.", 1968]. Callicarpa cana
Gamble ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 568, in syn.
1885 [not C. cana Dalz. & Gibs., 1919, nor L., 1771, nor Spreng.,

1966, nor Vahl, 1866, nor Wall., 1863]. Callicarpa macrophylla
var. incana Roxb. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 503. 1891. Calli-
carpa dunniana Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 9: 456. 1911.

Callica macrophylla var. kouytchensis Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-
Tchéou io, hyponym. 1915. Callicarpa tomentosa Vahl apud H. J.
Lam, Verbenac. Malay, Arch. [371]. 1919. Callicarpha macrophylla
Vahl ex Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3, in syn.
1947. Callicarpa carnea Hort. ex Moldenke, Résumé 2,2, in syn.

1959. Callic macrophylla Roxb. ex Moldenke, Résumé 2,5, in
syn. 1959. Callicarpa macrophylla Wall. ex Moldenke, Résumé 2),5,

in syn. 1959. Callicarpa tomentosa "Koen. ex Vahl" apud Balak-

rishnan, Bull. Bot, Surv. India 6: 81 & 87. 196).

Bibliography: Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 13, pl. 53. 179k; Wildd.,
Linn, Sp. Pl. 1: 620. 1797; W. T. Ait., Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 1: 2h7.
1810; Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10]. 1814; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl.,
ed. folio, 2: 205 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 253. 1618; Roem. &
Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 94—-95. 1818; Wall. in
Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 (Carey & Wall.], 1: 407—1,08 & 481. 1820;
Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 137. 1821; Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequinoct.

2: 45. 1823; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 20. 1825; J.
A. & J. H. Schultes, Mant. 3: 51 & 53. 1827; Spreng. in L., Syst.
Veg., ed. 16, 5: 126. 1828; Wall., Numer. List [50] (as "49").
1829; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 1: 393-39). 1832; Royle,
Ill. Bot. Himal. 299. 1836; Bojer, Hort. Maurit. 258. 137; De
Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 28 & 429. 1839; Dillwyn, Rev. Ref. Hort.
Malab. 19. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 137. 180; Walp.,
Repert. Bot. Syst. h: 126 & 127. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr.
li: 644. 1847; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust.
(Fl. Jard. Eur.) 3: 503. 1851; Champ. & Hook. in Hook., Journ.
Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc, 5: 135. 1853; Mason, Burmah, ed. 2, 792.
1860; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 270. 1861; Rosenth., Syn. Pl. Diaph. 1130.

216 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

1862; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 192. 1863; Bocq., Rév. Verbenac. 192.
1863; Pritz., Ic. Bot. Ind. 1: 188. 1866; Hassk., Hort. Malab.
Rheed. Clav. 38. 1867; Brandis, For. Fl. NW. & Cent. India 3: 368.
187k; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 3 [C. Bis Clarke], 131—-132. 187k; Se
Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 274. 1877; Gamble, List Trees Dar-
jeeling Dist. 60. 1878; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 282 & 283.
1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 68. 1883; E. Balf., Cyclop. Ind.,
ed. 3, 1: 550. 1885; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. }:
568. 1885; Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 505. 1886; Campbell & Watt, De-
scrip. Econom. Prod. Chutia Nagpur 41. 1886; Watt, Dict. Econ.
Prod. India 2: 26 & 27. 1887; K. Schum. & Hollr., Fl. Kaiser
Wilh.-land 118--119. 1889; N. E. Br. in Johnson, Gard. Dict. 157.
1890; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 25) & 255.
1890; Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 426. 1891; Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. 2: 503. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1,
1: 386. 1893; J. L. Stewart, Punjab Pl. 165. 1899; K. Schum. &
Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 522. 1900; Barnhart,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Collett, Fl. Siml. 380.
1902; Wood, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 21 & 129. 1902; Gamble, Man.
Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 525--526. 1902; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 827
& 828. 1903; Prain, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 3: 260. 1905; Brandis,
Ind. Trees 512. 1906; Strachey, Cat. Pl. Kumaon 136. 1906; Duthie,
Fl. Upper Gang. Plain 2: 219. 1911; Léveillé in Fedde, Repert.
Spec. Nov. 9: 456. 1911; Gerth van Wijk, Dict. Plantnames 1: 217.
1911; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 202.
1912; Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. Gesamtverz. 58. 191); Léveillé,
Fl. Kouy-Tchéou )0..1916; Gerth van Wijk, Dict. Plantnames 2:
153. 1916; Basu, Ind. Medic. Pl. 3: 3, pl. 73h. 1918; R. N. Par—
ker, For. Fl. 397. 1918; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 57,

58, & 65. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz.,
ser. 3, 3: 11 & 23. 1921; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 3.
1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa : 709 & 710. 1922; Chung, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 226. 192); J. M. Cowan, Rec. Bot. Surv.
India ‘12: 68. 1929; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929; P'ei, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 15, 18, 19, 23~—25, h2,
& 43. 1932; P'ei, Sinensia 2: 66. 1932; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Toulouse 64: 500, 505, 506, 511, & 512, 1932; Rehd., Journ.
Arnold Arb. 15: 320 & 321. 193k; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 81
& 82, fig. 128—132. 193; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,
new ser., 2: 332--333. 1935; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec.
Nov. 39: 303 (1936) and hO: 41, 1o\—-106, 108, 113, 11h, 120,
12h, 125, 127, 128, & 130. 1936; K. V. 0. Dahlgren, Svensk. Bot.
Tidsk. 32: 231. 1938; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 12 &
414. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 45. 1938; Moldenke,
Alph. List Common Verh. Names 6, 21, 30, & 31. 1939; Moldenke,
Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Moldenke, Suppl. List Common
Vern. Names 3, 7, 14, 17, & 20~—22. 190; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph.
List Invalid Names 9—13. 190; Biswas, Indian Forest Rec. Bot.,
new ser., 3: 1. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 1, 53--56, 58, 67, Tl, & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List In-
valid Names 8, 10, & 11. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 82 & 9h.
1945; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., new ser., 2) (2):

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 217

(Comm. Lour.] 332—333. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind.
Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 48, lug,
248, 284, & 288. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl.
1: 3. 1947; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 1, 640. 1948; H. Nw & A.
L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 57 & 62. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit.
2: 355, 359, 408, 432-434, 487, 534, 562, 563, 565, 580, 61h, &
63h (1948), 3: 708, 774, 798, 828, 878, 936, 971, & 978 (19495,
and h: 1018, 1096, 1102, 1103, & 1251. 1949; Moldenke, Known Ge-
ogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 123-125, 128, 131, 135, 148, 157,
& 177. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139 (1949) and 3: 294. 1950;
H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 277-279, 283--28), 308, &
311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia : 121 & 12) (1952) and h: 268.
1953; Moldenke, Journ. Calif. Hort. Soc. 15: 85. 1954; Moldenke
in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 45 & 48. 1956; T. A. Rao, Bull. Bot.
Surv. India 1: 114. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 155, 157--160, 165,
168, 17h, 177, 200, 213, 2h2, 243, 2h5, 2k7, 2h8, & bb. 1959;
Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, p. 59. 1959; Kikamura,
Fauna & Fl. Nepal 208--209. 1959; Puri, Indian Forest Ecol. 1:
215 & 228 (1960) and 2: 670. 1960; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr.
2, 43. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1:
386. 1960; Nath, Bot. Surv. South. Shan States 1. 1960; Deb,
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 31). 1961; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat.
Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 13. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 16 &
28. 1962; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 371, 375,
& 38h, pl. 12, fig. 49 & 50. 1963; Maheshwari, Fl. Delhi 280 &
281. 1963; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 2: 617 & 618. 1963; Cave,
Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 330. 1964; Panigrahi, Chowdhury,
Raju, & Deka, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 255. 196; Padmanabhan,
Phytomorph. 1: 49. 1964; T. A. Rao, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6:
47. 1964; Balakrishnan, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 81, 82, & 86—
87. 1964; Dakshini, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 4k: 418 & 419. 1965;
Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 600—601. 1965; Datta, Handb. Syst.
Bot. 181. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 38. 1965;
P. K. K. Nair, Pollen Gr. West. Himal. Pl. 35 & 89, pl. 12, fig.
154. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 437 & 502 (1966) and 14: 37,
38, 107, 111, 124, 115, 142, 143, 149, & 150. 1966; Panigrahi &
Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 143 & 151. 1966; Thothathri,
Shetty, & Hazra, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 133 & 138. 1966; Yama-
zaki in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 268. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. ly: 6 & 7 (1966) and 15: 8. 1967; R. K. Gupta, Season. Fl.
Ind. Sum. Resorts Moos. 132, 154, & 21. 1967; Tingle, Check
List Hong Kong Pl. 37. 1967; R. R. Stewart, Pakistan Journ. For-
est. 17: 515. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia lj: 225 & 2h--2)6
(1967), 15: 30 (1967), and 16: 360, 362, 364, 380—382, 384—388,
47, & U5. 1968; Uniyal, Indian Forest. 9: 15. 1968; S. P. &
R. N. Banerjee, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: 187. 1968; Moldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 16: 8, 9, 13, & 18. 1968; M. A. Rau, Bull. Bot.
Surv. India 10, Suppl. 2: 61. 1969; Kapoor, Singh, Kapoor, &
Srivastava, Lloydia 32: 303. 1969; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles
5 (11): iii & item 1140. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 95
(1971) and 21: 49, 50, 102, 103, 108, & 109. 1971.
Illustrations: Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: pl. 53. 1794; Basu, Ind.

218 PCY TO b:O:G-bw Vol. 21, no.

Med. Pl. 3: pl. 73h. 1918; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 4: 82, fig.
128--132. 1934; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 36, pl.
12, fig. h9 & 50. 1963; P. K. K. Nair, Pollen Gr. West. Himal. Pl.
89, pl. 12, fig. 154. 1965.

Bush, undershrub, or large, robust, bushy, many-stemmed shrub,
1--6 m. tall, or tree, 7 m. tall; trunk 2 cm. in diameter;
branches stout, subterete, tomentose or densely canescent—tomen-
tose at the tips, becoming glabrate in age, with scattered ellip-
tic and prominently elevated lenticels, often bearing many old
fruiting cymes at the nodes; branchlets stout, obtusely tetragon—
al or subterete, extremely densely matted-tomentose with canescent
and many-branched hairs; principal internodes variable in length,
1.1-—-8 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles very stout,
6--20 mm. long, canaliculate above, densely matted-tomentose like
the branchlets; leaf-blades chartaceous, rather dark-green or
pale-green and velvety above, tawny and densely stellate-woolly
or whitish beneath, oblong or oblong-ovate, 6--23 cm. long, 2.5—
9.7 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, rather uniformly
and more or less shallowly serrate with rather sharp teeth along
the margins (except at the base), acute or somewhat cuneate at
the base, roughened-pilose above with minute hairs or tomentose
when very immature, occasionally somewhat areolate, very densely
grayish- or sordid-tomentose with matted many-branched hairs be-
neath; midrib stout, somewhat tomentose above (especially at the
base), very densely tomentose and prominent beneath; secondaries
slender, 7—-15 or more per side, arcuate-ascending, prominent be-
neath, often slightly prominulent above; vein and veinlet reticu-
lation fine, conspicuous; inflorescence axillary, large; cymes de-
cussate, solitary, often very numerous, large or very large and
spreading, 4--20 cm. long, 7--17 cm. wide, usually densely many-
flowered, very spreading-dichotomous (often 8 times furcate!),
very angulate, often forming a dense mass around the branchlets
by the spreading and more or less reflexed dichotomies, bracteo-
late; peduncles stout (often incrassate in fruit), 1.3--2.6 cm.
long, densely matted-tomentose like the branchlets, becoming mere-
ly furfuraceous in age; pedicels essentially obsolete or exceed-
ingly short; bractlets linear or broadly linear, 3--10 mm. long,
densely sordid-tomentose; prophylla minute, setaceous; flowers
conspicuous, fragrant; calyx oblong-campanulate, 1.3--1.6 m. long,
1--1.3 mm. wide, loosely pubescent and granular-pulverulent, its
rim conspicuously l-toothed; corolla hypocrateriform, purple or
lilac, glabrous outside or with some hairs, its tube narrow-
cylindric, 1—2 mm. long, its limb l-parted, the lobes ovate-
lingulate, about 0.9 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide, subacute at the
apex; stamens , inserted at the very base of the corolla-tube,
exserted; filaments filiform, about 3.6 mm. long, glabrous; anth-
ers broadly oblong, about 0.5 mm. long and O.); mm. wide; pollen-
grains spheroidal, 3-zoncolpate, subprolate, 32 x 25p or "diam-
eter 35P, range 32—39p", the exine 1.4p thick, the ectine sur-
face slightly reticulate (wavy) or areolate with faint areoles;
pistil exserted and surpassing the stamens (in 9); style capillary,
about 6 mm. long, glabrous, ampliate above into the stigm; stigma

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 219

depressed-capitate, about 0.2 mm. wide; ovary subrotund, about
O.7 mm. long and wide, densely granulose-pulverulent, celled;
fruiting-calyx very shal lowly cupuliform or practically patelli-
form, about 2 mm. wide, loosely pubescent, its rim )-toothed;
fruit small, subglobose, white when ripe, about 2 m. long and
wide, pulverulent or glabrate, conspicuously l-seeded; chromo-
some number: 2n = 3).

This species is native from China southward into Nepal, Bhutan,
India, Burma, and Hongkong, and east to New Guinea. It has been
introduced in Réunion and Madagascar and is also widely cultiva-
Loy elsewhere. The corolla is described as "pink" on Pradham &

hapa 497 and T. A. Rao 7201, "red" on Steward & Cheo . 876, * pur-
— on A. Henry 9262 iy 9262, © "purplish-pink" on nm Winit 1152, | "blue" on
Tsiang 6371, "red and purple® on G. W. Groff ff 10, “and "violet" on
Larsen, Santisuk, & Warncke BT Tea | As) usual, one wonders if the
color of the Seana voally really varies so much or if it is merely a
matter of interpretation and definition of color by the collector.

Collectors have found the species growing on hillsides, in
sandy riverbeds, ricefields, forests, deep forests, and valley
forests, in thick jungles, bamboo shrubbery, thickets, open scrub,
and waste places about villages, and on open slopes, from sealevel
to 2000 meters altitude, flowering from May to October, as well as
from January to March, and fruiting from October to February and
in August. Rao (19595 refers to the species as "a large herb"
with the flowers "in dense spikes" [which is obviously an error}]
and cites Rao 7201. Dakshini (1965) reports this plant as one of
the major constituents of the "poor shrubbery layer", the “shrub
story on slopes", and "in moist soil of swamps" in the Dehra Dun
region of India, where he says that the species is common. Juan
reports it as "rare" in Upper Burma and Ching calls it "rare" in
Kwangsi. Panigrahi & Joseph (1966) aver that it is abundant in
thick evergreen forests in Nefa and cite their no. 16728, while
Thothathri and his associates (1966) report it as common near
plantations in Bihar and cite Shetty 180.

The Banerjees (1968) also record C. macrophylla from Bihar,
while Gupta (1967) and Uniyal (1968) found it growing in Uttar Pra-
desh. Yamazaki (1966) gives its overall distribution as "Himalaya
(Kashmir to Assam), Bengal, Burma, Indo-China, and S. China". Ma-
heshwari (1963) tells us that it is "Cultivated as a hedge plant in
gardens" in the Delhi region and cites J. K. Maheshwari 218. He
describes the plant as "An erect shrub up to 3m. tall. Branches,
lower surface of leaves and inflorescences densely stellate-woolly.
Leaves up to 22 x 7 cm., ovate, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate,
coarsely crenate-serrate. Flowers rose-coloured, crowded in dense,
dichotomous cymes. Drupes white," flowering from June to Septen-
ber. Gupta (1967) describes the corollas as "pink". Prain (1903)
calls the plant "A shrub 3--8 feet high", growing "In all the pro-
vinces" of Bengal. Uniyal (1968) calls it a "small drooping shrub
with purple flowers growing commonly in shade at 900 m." He cites
Uniyal 3800 and notes that "a very small quantity is collected and

220 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

consumed locally, the seed-paste being used for mouth ulcers" in
Uttar Pradesh. In the same state Puri (1960) tells us that C.
macrophylla grows in the third story in edaphic Gangetic tropical
moist deciduous river rainforests in the sub—Himalayan tract under
a canopy of Bombax malabaricum and Gmelina arborea, and also that
it inhabits riverbeds and grows along streams in swamp—edaphic
forests on clay beds with 100 inches of annual rainfall which goes
underground and then oozes out, making small streams. These are
mixed forests mainly consisting of Bischofia javanica. “e also
tells us that the species is considered to be good fodder in the
states of Punjab, Pepsu, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himalchal Pradesh,
Jammu, and Kashmir in northern India.

Because of the considerable misinterpretation of this species
in the past, it is perhaps worthwhile to reproduce here the orig-
inal description and certain other relevant descriptions. Vahl
(179) first described this taxon as follows: "Callicarpa foliis
lanceolato-ellipticis crenatis attenuatis, supra rugosis subtus
ramisque tomentoso-incanis. Tab. LIII. Habitat in India orien-
tali Konig. } Rami obscure tetragoni, uti petioli & pedunculi,
tomento denso sublanato tecti, ut in Call. lanata. Folia petio-~
lata, opposita, spithamaea & ultra. saepe uncias tres lata, cre-
nata, inferne versus integerrima, apice attenuata, basi obtusa,
supra nervosa: nervis canescentibus, venoso rugosa, villis raris-
simis minutis adspersa, subtus tomentosa, incana, tomento tenuiore
quam in ramis, nervis elevatis venisque simplicibus obliquis inter
nervos: huniora utrinque cana. Petiolus pollicaris. Paniculae
axillares, dichotome-ramisissimae, oppositae, bipollicares: ramis
divaricatis. Pedunculus universalis longitudine petiolorunm.
Bracteae ad ramificationes oppositae, lineares. Calyx minutus,
quadridentatus, incanus. Corollae laciniae oblongo-subcuneatae,
glabrae. Stamina & pisti]la flore longiora. Sub nomine Callicar-
pae tomentosae misit Konigius, differt vero, ut ex descriptione
patet, foliis lanceolato-ellipticis crenatis, nec ovatis integer-
rimis denticulatisqe."

Roxburgh (1820) modified Vahl's description as follows: "C.
macrophylla. Vahl. Symbol. iii. 13. t. 53. Shrubby, downy.
Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, serrulate, reticulate, hoary
underneath. Corymbs axillary, dichotomous, rather longer than the
petiols. Berry minute, white. Native of Silhet and Chittagong.
A shrub from four to eight feet in length. Trunk scarcely any,
but several, round, erect branches, covered with white down.
Leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolate, or oblong lanceolate, fine-
pointed, finely serrate, wrinkled, above soft and a little downy,
below covered with much whitish soft down, from six to nine inches
long, and two or three broad. Stipules none. Petiols about an
inch long, downy. Corymbs axillary, peduncled, two-forked nearly
globular, downy, many times shorter than the leaves. -- Peduncles
as long as the petiols, round and downy. -- Bractes lanceolate,
one under each division of the corymb. — Flowers very numerous,
small, rose-coloured. — Calyx woolly the four divisions distinct

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 221

and acute." The fruit, of course, is a drupe, not a berry, and
the inflorescence is a cyme, not a corymb.
Roxburgh's C. incana is described (1820) as follows by him:

"C. incana R. Shrubby, young shoots hoary. Leaves lanceolate,
obtusely serrulate, fine and entire-pointed, hoary underneath.
Mashandari Asiat. Res. lv. 233. Beng. Muttura, Muttrunja. A
stout shrub, with all the tender parts and the under surface of
the leaves densely clothed with long, soft, white, stellate pubes-
cence; common in the vicinity of Calcutta, where it is in flower
and seed nearly the whole year. I long considered this to be
Vahl's macrophylla, but on rearing what I also took for the same
species from Silhet and Chittagong, in the Botanic Garden, I could
plainly observe a striking difference when growing near each other,
and as the Chittagong and Silhet sort agrees much better with
Vahl's figure and description I must consider it to be his macro-
phylla. In the Calcutta plant, which I now call incana, the leaves
are never so broad in proportion to their length, more round at
the base; much more pointed, with the long taper-points entire;
all the rest of the margin, except what may be called the base,
obtusely-serrulate. In macrophylla, the leaves are crenate, more.
obtuse, and the margins cut to the very apex; the two are however
very nearly allied, though I think sufficiently distinct to auth-
orize their being considered as different." Kuntze (1891) re-
duced this to varietal rank under C. macrophylla, although he ac-
credited the variety to Roxburgh, and describes it as "Folia an-
gustiora (1: 3--5). Bengalen, Sikkim." In this disposition he
may be correct although as yet I have been unable to separate the
two forms satisfactorily.

Léveillé's original description (1911) of C. dunniana is "Habi-
tu et aspectu affinis C. macrophyllae Vahl a quo differt: serra-
turis foliorum tenuioribus; foliis supra viridibus nec rubescenti-
bus, tomento candido nec cinereo aut flavido, antheris eglandulo-
sis et inflorescentia axillari, foliosa nec divaricato-corymbosa
et terminali. Kouy-Tchéou: Environs de Hoong-Ko-Chou, vallée de
Pa-Lin-Kiao (Tchen-Lin). Arbuste a fleur d'un violet-pourpre, 20
juin 1898 (D. Séguin. 23a); Long-chan, juin 1906, fleurs rouges
(Jas. Esquirol, 869)."

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) describes C. macrophylla as fol-
lows: "A shrub, 3--5 M. high; branchlets, cymes, petioles densely
mealy or woolly; leaves rather large, coriaceous, oblong or sub-
lanceolate, base obtuse or rounded, often subcordate, apex rather
long acuminate, margins crenate vel obtusely serrate, except at
the base and the top, upper side, when adult, densely hairy, the
stellate hairs often stubbily broken, lower side softly white or
greyish tomentose; pairs of nerves 10—15; 10--35 c.M. long, 3—
18 c.M. broad; petioles 1-2 c.M.; cymes rather small, globose,
3--5 c.M. long, 3--10 c.M. in diam.; peduncles short, 1--2 c.M.
long; calyx cupuliformous, densely floccose outside, 0.10--0.15
c.M. long; shortly -toothed, teeth subincurved, 0.01—-0.015 c.M.
long; corolla exsert 0.30.15 c.M., tube glabrous, 11/2 -- 2

222 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 4

times as long as the calyx, lobes , ovate, 0.1--0.12 c.M. long,
0.15—-0.20 c.M. broad, glabrous or with some hairs outside; sta-
mens 0.5--0.6 c.M.; anthers glandular, 0.07--0.10 c.M.; style 0.6—
0.7 c.M., with subpeltate or obscurely l-lobed stigma; ovary
glabrous, glandular; drupe glabrous, white when mature, )-seeded.
Distribution: Brit.-India! Malabar! Himalaya! Nepal! Assam! Sil-
het! Bengal! BurmaJ Hainan! Hongkong! Chinas N.-Guinea (Warb.!
Lauterb.!)! -- Mascarenes (Schau.)! Réunion (Cordem)!"

Gamble (1881), under the name C. cana L., describes C. macro-
phylla as "A shrub. Bark thin, grey-brown. Wood white, soft.
Annual rings marked by a line of closer pores. Pores moderate-
sized, sometimes subdivided. Medullary rays moderately broad, the
distance between them greater than the transverse diameter of the
pores. Bengal. Common in forests and along roadsides in the
Terai and Diéars, extending probably southwards to the Ganges. It
has pretty pink flowers."

Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe C. macrophyl-
la from Java as follows: "Petiole 10--25 mm long; leaves oblong
or lanceolate, from a cuneate, obtuse, rounded, or subcordate
base, with an acuminate or tapering base, rather acute, crenate-
serrate, at first on the upper surface densely covered with stel-
late hairs, afterwards with very numerous stubble-like rests of
these, 10--35 cm by 2--18 cm. Cymes on 1-2 cm long peduncles,
densely stellate-hairy, 3--10 cm across; pedicels gland-dotted;
calyx minutely denticulate, with numerous yellow, glandular dots,
basally coarsely stellate-hairy, 1 — 1 1/2 mm long; corolla vio-
let, outside thinly hairy or glabrous, with yellow glandular
dots, 3 -- 1/2 m high; stamens 5--6 mm; drupe white. Shrub.
3.00--5.00; I--XII; native to SE. Asia; in Java, 10—600, culti-
vated as an ornamental."

Champion & Hooker (1853) state that C. macrophylla is related
to C. integerrima Champ., which is easily distinguished by its
broad entire leaves and dense golden tomentum. Rosenthal (1862)
says "Callicarpa Rheedii Kost. soll Rheedes Tondi-Teregam (IV.60)
sein, wohin Dennstedt fragweise Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl..
zieht." Lam (1919) says of his C. pedunculata var. glabriuscula
"This variety has an affinity with C. macrophylla, with which
some authors confound the species, by the form of its leaves, es-
pecially in regard to the base."

A memorandum by C. E. C. Fischer and T. A. Sprague, preserved
in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, and
dated August 18, 1931, states: "(1) The name Callicarpa Roxburghii
was published by Wallich, Cat. nd. 1833 (1828--29) as a new name
for C. incana Roxb., nonC. canal. It was effectively published
since it is associable with the description of C. incana Roxb.,
but is an illegitimate name because it was superfluous. (2) Wal-
pers, Rep. iv. 127 (134--8) published a description of C. Rox-
burghii apparently based on Wall. Cat. n. 1833, specimen. A much
better description of Callicarpa Roxburghii Wall. Cat. n. 1833,
specimen, was published by Schauer in DC. Prodr. xi. 60 (187).

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 223

This mentions the setaceous calyx-lobes [and is now known as C.
kochiana Mak.). (3) C. B. Clarke (F, B. I. iv. 568) and Lam”
(Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, iii. 23) reduce C. incana Roxb.
to C. macrophylla Vahl, apparently correctly. (h) Callicarpa
Roxburghii Wall. (1828-29) is accordingly a taxonomic synonym of
C. macrophylla Yahl. (5) The specimen of Callicarpa Roxburghii
Wall. Cat. n. 1833 described by Walpers (?) and Schauer belongs,
however, to a different species, namely the South Chinese Calli-

carpa ise tinied in Index Fl. Sin. ii. 255 (1890) as Cc. tomentosa
Willd. It has the characteristic calyx-lobes of this South Chin-
ese plant" [which is now known as C. kochiana Mak.]

Kuntze (1891) regarded C. roxburghii Wall. as distinct from C.
macrophylla and listed "C. tomentosa W. non L." as a synonym of C Cc.
roxburghii. This confusion was due to the situation explained by
Fischer and Sprague in the above-quoted memorandum. We regard C.
tomentosa Willd. as a synonym of C. kochiana and C. tomentosa L.
as a synonym of C. tomentosa (L.) Murr. Sprengel (1828) regarded
C. incana Roxb. as a valid species, but in his 1825 work he placed
it in the synonymy of what he called "C. lanata" [=C. tomentosa].

It should perhaps be pointed out here that the C. tomentosa
accredited to Thunberg in the synonymy given above is a synonym
of C. longifolia Lam., that accredited to Bakhuizen van den Brink
is in part C. arborea Roxb. and in part C. integerrima Champ.,
that accredited to Lamarck and to "L. ex - Spreng." is C. candicans
(Burm. f.) Hochr., that ascribed to "L. ex Moldenke" is C. erio- erio-
clona Schau., that ascribed to "Auct.", to Hooker & Arnott, to
Willdenow, to "sensu auct. Japon.", to "sensu Matsum.", and to
"sensu Matsum. & Hayata" is C. kochiana Mak., while that accred-
ited to Murray, to "L. ex Willd.", and to "(L.) Santapau" is the
true C. tomentosa (L.) Murr.

The C. cana ascribed to Dalzell & Gibson is a synonym of C.
tomentosa (L.) Murr., that ascribed to Linnaeus, to Sprengel, and
to Vahl is C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr., and that seis to
Wallich is in part C. longifolia Lam. and in part C. unculata
R. Br. The C. incana (Turcz.) Moldenke, also pk = "(F.)
Moldenke" by ¢ certain | authors, is actually C. cubensis Urb. The
C. roxburghii ascribed to H. J. Lam, to Schauer, to "Wall. ex
Schau.", to "Wall. ex Walp.", and to "sensu H. ae Lam" is C.
kochiana Mak, The C. macrophylla var. sinensis C. B. Clarke is a
synonym of C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn.

Watt (1889) tells us that C. macrophylla is "A tall shrub of
Northern and Eastern India, found as far north as Hazara, and as-
cending the Himalaya to 6000 feet, and abundant in Bengal....In
Haz4ra the heated leaves are applied to rheumatic joints (whence
the name bé-pattra, from bé, rheumatism)." This Watt reference is
cited by Prain (1963) as "E. D. c. 133" — 133 being a paragraph
number! Groff also tells us that the species is "used in the pre-

22h Po LPO Lioiaers Vol. 21,. nowem

paration of a medicine used for injuries" in Kwangsi, China.

Datta (1965) states that the plant is found in village shrubberies
in India; Prain (1903) asserts categorically that it is found "In
all the provinces" of Bengal — presumably both Indian and Pakis-
tani Bengal. Balakrishnan (1964) affirms that it grows naturally
from Kashmir to Assam in northern India and to Pegu in Burma, as-
cending to 2000 meters altitude, its white fruit rendering it
quite distinct from C. arborea Roxb., with its purplish-black
fruit, and from C. tomentosa (L.) Murr. Maheshwari (1963) distin-
guishes it from C. longifolia Lam. by pointing out that in C. lon-
gifolia the leaves are "thinly stellate-pubescent; corolla more or
less pubescent outside", while in C. macrophylla the leaves are
"densely stellate-woolly beneath; corolla glabrous outside or with
some hairs."

Bojer (1837) records C. macrophylla as cultivated in Mauritius
and Humbert insists that the Madagascar record for the species is
also based on cultivated material. It is therefore probable that
the Réunion record given below is also from cultivated material,
although the label of the specimen does not indicate this to be
the case. I assume that the Brazilian record is also taken from
cultivated material, even though, again, the label does not in-
dicate such a fact.

Dahlgren (1938), for some reason unknown to me, places this
genus and species in the Lamiaceae!

Common and vernacular names recorded for C. macrophylla in-
clude "bannu", "b4-pattra", "b'a-pattra", "bauna", "budhi ghasit",
"budhi-ghasit", "daid", "daidogoro", "daya", "dea", "den",
"denthur', "druss", "dréiss", "grossblattrige Schonbeere",
"mashandari", "mathara", "mattranja", "muttranja", "muttrunja",
"nuttura", "oon awn", "pattharman", "poko kwat tan", "shiwali",
"sigye", "sumali", "simAli", "thar", "tondi-teregam", "urnfruit
beautyberry", and "urn-fruit tree". It should be noted that the
name "shiwali" is also applied to C. arborea Roxb.

Alleged references to this species in Baden Powell, "Pb. Pr.
571", “Asiat. Res. 55: 23g", and "Kanjilal For. Fl. 263" have not
yet been verified by me.

Panigrahi and his associates (1964) record the species as com
mon in Orissa; Rao (1964) records it from Uttar Pradesh; Stewart
(1967) records it from Swat. Deb (1961) cites Deb 154 from Mani-
pur. Santapau, in a letter to me dated February 16, 1948, says
that this species "occurs in the Deccan, fide Clarke. The plant
seems to be common in N. and E. India, only occasionally else-
where; I have seen no specimens from Bombay Presidency". Kita-
mura (1959) cites his collections from Halchok, altitude 1500
meters, July 31, 1953, and from Arughat Bazar, altitude 62) me-
ters, December 10, 1952, in Nepal, and gives the overall distri-
bution of the species as "Himalaya, India, Burma, China: Yunnan,
Szechuan, Kwangtung, Hainan; Siam, Indo-China, New-Guinea, Mas—
carenes, Reunion". Kapoor and his associates (1969) report the
isolation of an alkaloid from C. macrophylla. Gillis 857) was

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 225

grown from seed secured in northern India via "Fla. Fed. Gard.
Clubs 328",

Chang (1951) cites G. Forrest 9190 and nos. 4736, 5717, 637h,
951d 95105 53292, 60639, 90752, | 90986, 96332, | & “15598 of of col-
lectors 3 and/or herbaria whose n names, es, unfortunately, he | he gives only
in Chinese characters.

Material of Callicarpa macrophylla has been misidentified and
distributed in herbaria under the names C. arborea Roxb., C. cana
L., C. dentata Roxb., C. longifolia Vahl, | Cc. nudiflora Hook. &
Arn., C. '» reevesii Wall., and C. vestita Wall.

On the other hand, the Herb. Mus. Paris. s.n. [Coromandel],
distributed as C. macrophylla, is actually C. arborea Roxb., Koor-
ders 191,98b [48] is C. caudata Maxim., C. irene sen. [Hong Kong]
is C Cc. ~ integerrima var, serrulata Li, R. cele Ching 2009 2009 is C. kochi-
ana "Mak., Ford s.n. [Hongkong] is thet type collection of ee lobo-
apiculata Metc., > Herb. Univ. Delhi 270 is C. longifolia Lam.,
Nevin s.n. (Canton) is is C. C. mudiflora Hook. & | Arn., F. A. McClure
3038 (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 9591] is a cotype collection of C.
rubella f. robusta P'ei, Fraser 122 and Simons 5699 are C. tomen-
tosa (L.) Murr., furr., and Koelz 1330 13302 is is Geunsia cumingiana (Schau. au.)
Rolfe.

In all, 147 herbarium specimens and 8 mounted illustrations,
including 2 photocotypes, have been examined by me.

Additional citations: PAKISTAN: East Bengal: W. Griffith 6000

(T), 6040 (S). NEPAL: Bis Ram 570 (N); Pradham & Ihapa L197 (W—
258188); Wallich s.n. Te | Nepalia] (S). ~ BHUTAN: ie ieee er 28
(Bz—1808)). SIKKIM: Kuntze 7208 (N). INDIA: Assam: Jenkins s.n.
[Assam] (Bz--18080, Bz—18081); K Koelz 26987 (Mi); Masters 696
(Bz—-18077), s.n. [Assam] (Bz—18076, Bz—18085) ; Simons s.n. [As-
sam] (Bz--18078) ; Wallich 1832g (S). East Punjab: leit Re Drummond
26703 (Ca—296h), 26706 (Ca-2i965). Kashmir: Meebold 161 (S);
R. Re Stewart 2725 (N N), 3725 (S). Khasi States: W. Griffith gen.
[Khasia hills] ~(Bz--18082). Madras: Yeshoda 1,88 (N). Uttar Pra-
desh: Afzal s.n. [9th Nov. 1929] (N), sen. [16th Aug. 1930] (N);
Ali 23 ; [Bot. Coll. 102] (N); Duthie 22hh5 (Ca—-269792, Gg——-127010);
Gairola 80 (W—13)7717); Goel s.n. [22nd Sept. 1929] (W--1716613);
Kalaky sen. [28th December 1930] (W--1719637), s.n. [8th August
1931] (W—1719637); Kharyal sn. [Gola Tappar, Jamary 1929] (Ss),

s.n. [Lachiwala, August 1929] (S); Poovaiah s.n. [l-8-30] (N), s.n.
T15-8-31] (N); Raizada 126 (N); U. Singh 375 (Dp—30709, La, N, S)3
R. R. Stewart 1118 (N); Vaid s.n. E20 6.49] (N). West Bars

[Goke, 23/X11/1937] (W--1759055), s.n. [coke] (B2—-18075) ; King's
Collector 126 (Na—16190); Kuntze GL9L (N, N); Kurz sen. [1979/68]
(Bz—-18086), Sn. [Chandernagore, 7/7) (W--803879) ; T. Thomson s.
n. [Plan. Ganget. Sup.] (Ca~19288h, S). State undetermined: H.

226 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 4

Falconer 748 (S); Kuntze 3600 [Turong Anambai] (N); Nath 76 [Bun-
danala) (Ca--304517). BURMA: Upper Burma: Huk 58 (Bz—18088) , 8.
n. [July 1891] (W--369328); Juan 646 (W—2213155) ; J. F. C. Rock
828 (W—-1171,92). Province undetermined: McLelland s Sn. {Burmah]
(Bz--18087). CHINA: Kwangsi: Ching 5717 (N), 637 (N); G. W.
Groff 10 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 4050] (Ph); Stewart & Cheo 0 876
(Bz--17L85, S). Kweichow: Esquirol 869 (N--photo); Si Séguin in 23a
(N-—-photo); Tsiang 6371 (N, S, W--157500). Ytinnan: A. “A. Henry
9262 (N), 9262a (N), 9262b (t--6891) . THAILAND: Hansen & Smit-
inand 197k (Cp (Cp); Larsen, sen, Santisuk, & Warncke 277) (Ae); | Winit —
Wanandorn 1152 (Bk). NEW GUINEA: Papua: C. E. Carr 11317 (N).
CULTIVATED: Belgium: M. Martens s.n. [h. b. lov. 181] (Br). Bra-
zil: Campos Novaes 11278 [Herb. Com. Geog. & Geol. S. Paulo 582]
(Mi--photo, Sp--11278). California: La Rue s.n. [Citrus Exp.
Sta., Riverside] (Ar—19789). Cuba: Ferras 20465 (Es). Florida:
Gillis 857) [Fairchild Trop. Gard. FG-58-719] (Z). France: Herb.
Hort. ; Paris. s.n. [1820] (V); Herb. Schwagrichen SMe (Mu--1),35) .
Germany: Herb. Ku Kummer s.n. [hort. Monac. 186] (Mu—137, Mu
1438, N--photo, “Z—photo), s sen. [hort. Monac. 1865] (Mu--1)36),
sen. [hort. Monac.] (Mu--1))), Mu—1)45). Hawaiian Islands: Deg-
ener & Degener 28/8 (N); A. F. Judd 158 (Bi); Judd, Bryan, &
Neal Sen. [June 6, 1 6, 1932] (Bi); | Meebold s Son. Fane 1940) (Bi).
India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. s.n. (Bz—18079, Bz--18083, E—
photo, Ed, M, Mu—96, Mu--1000, Mu--1159, N—photo, X, Z—-photo);
Herb. Hort. Seramp. sen. (Cp); Herb. Roxburgh s.n. (x); Jamison
sen. son. [Serampore] (Ed); R Roxburgh 159 (Br), sen SoM. ~(K); Strachey & &
Winterbottom 1 (K), son. (0s); Voigt s.n. [H. B. Seramp.] (Cp, Cp,
Cp); Wallich 1832/g (Mu--143)), " 1832/L (K (K). Java: Bakhuizen van
den Brink rink 765 (Bz--1807), N); Herb. Hort. at Bogor. XI.G.91
(Bz), X1.G.9la (Be—25795, Bz--26525, Bz, N), X1.G.92 (N), XI.G.
92 & a (Bz—18073), XV.F.31 (Bz—-2630, Ba, N), XV.F.3la (Ba—
26347), XV.J-A.XXX.3 (Bz--26365, Bz—26366), XV.J.AoXXX.3a (Bz—
26 367, Bz), XV.JA.XXK. (Bz--26368, N), sen. (Bz—26348). Mada-
gascar: Herb. Direct. Agric. 90 (P). Maryland: F. G. Meyer 111
[U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Introd. 20796] (Bv). Mauritius: : Bojer IT il.
88 (V). Réunion: L'Isle 243 (P, W—210572). LOCALITY OF F COLLEC-
TION UNDETERMINED: Blackburn s.n. (T); Herb. Mus. Bot. Stockholm
87 (S), Sen. (S)-

CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA var. GRIFFITHII C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.,
Fl. Brit. Ind. h: 568. 1885.

Bibliography: C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. h: 568.
1885; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3. 1947; Mol-
denke, Résumé 25. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 9 & 18. 1968.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 227

being much branched and having leaves which are much smaller,
fuscous-woolly, obscurely stellate beneath, and ultimately glab-
rate, according to Clarke (1885).

The type of the variety was collected by William Griffith (no.

6041) in Bhutan, where it appears to be endemic. Clarke says
that it "Differs a good deal in habit from C. macrophylla, but

connected by E. Nepal specimens collected by Sir J. D. H.[ooker]".
The taxon is known to me only from the literature.

CALLICARPA MADAGASCARIENSIS Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77:
391--392. 1950.

Bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 391—392.
1950; Moldenke, Revist. Sudam. Bot. 8: 169. 1950; E. J. Salisb.,
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 40. 1953; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag.
174: 4S--l.7, fig. VI 1 & 2. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 155 & kh.
1959.

5 eet Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: fig. VI 1
& 2. 1956.

Shrub, about 2 m, tall; branchlets and twigs very slender, gray-
ish, very obtusely tetragonal or subterete, very densely short-
pubescent with flavidous hairs when young, glabrescent in age;
nodes not annulate; principal internodes often much abbreviated
on twigs, 1--8 mm. long, or elongate to 3 cm. on branchlets; leaf-
scars comparatively large and elevated, with prominent corky mar-
gins; leaves decussate-opposite, crowded at the tips of the twigs;
petioles slender, 3--9 mm. long, very densely flavidous—pubescent;
leaf-blades thin-chartaceous, dark-green above, lighter beneath,
lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 1.5--5.5 cm. long and 1—-1.6 cn.
wide during anthesis, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, ob-
tuse or rounded at the base, entire, densely short—pubescent or
subvelutinous above, densely tomentellous with canescent-flavidu-
lous hairs beneath; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous be-
neath; secondaries slender, about 5 per side, arcuate-ascending,
flat or obscure above, very slightly prominulous beneath; vein and
veinlet reticulation indiscernible above, mostly obscure beneath;
inflorescence axillary and terminal, small, cymose, 1--1.5 cm.
long and wide, the axillary cymes usually concentrated in the up-
per axils and appearing as though constituting part of a terminal
one, few-flowered, densely short—pubescent with flavidous hairs
throughout; peduncles very slender, 2—l mm. long, flavidous-
pubescent; pedicels filiform, 1 m. long or less, flavidous-
pubescent; bractlets linear, 1--2 mm. long, densely flavidous-
pubescent; calyx campanulate, about 2.5 mm. long and wide, appres-
sed-pubescent and more or less resinous-granular on the outside,
4-ribbed, its rim shortly h-dentate; corolla hypocrateriform, its
tube about ) mm. long, lightly puberulent and resinous-granular on
the outside above the calyx, its lobes 3--l, m. long, resinous-
granular on the back, lightly pilosulous on the margin and in a
median band on the inside; stamens and pistil exserted; fruiting-
calyx and fruit not known.

The type of this endemic species was collected by André Seyrig

228 PHYTO L/O°G-Ik Vol. 21, no. k

(no. 782) at an altitude of 750 meters, north of Ampandrandava,
between Bakily and Tsivory, Madagascar, in December, 19,3, and is
deposited in the herbarium of the Muséum National d'Histoire Nat-
urelle at Paris. The species is knom only from the original
collection. In all, 3 herbarium specimens, including the type,
and 3 mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Citations: MADAGASCAR: Seyrig 782 (F--photo of type, N—iso-
type, N--photo of type, P--type, P—isotype, Z--photo of type).

CALLICARPA MAGNIFOLIA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 20: 437.
1922.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 20: 437.
1922; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 386. 1923; Quisumb. &
Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 37: 196. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 7: 37. 1929; Moldenke, Alph. List Common Vern. Names
[1]. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 62 &
87. 1942; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 11 & 177. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 182
& hhh. 1959.

Shrub or small tree; branches terete or somewhat compressed at
the nodes, pale-grayish, glabrous, about 6 mm. in diameter;
branchlets reddish-brown, densely fulvous-tomentose with rather
soft plumose and stellate hairs; leaves decussate-opposite; peti-
oles about 5 cm. long, densely tomentose; leaf-blades subcoria-
ceous, broadly elliptic-ovate, 22--27 cm. long, 17-20 cm. wide,
shortly and broadly acuminate at the apex, entire along the mar-
gins or very obscurely and remotely denticulate near the apex,
broadly rounded or sometimes subacute at the base, olivaceous,
glabrous and shiny above, paler and densely fulvous-tomentose
with rather soft plumose and stellate hairs beneath, not at all
glandulose; secondaries about 10 per side, very prominent; terti-
aries subparallel, distinct; cymes in the axils of the fallen
leaves, about 6 cm. long and to 9 cm. wide in fruit; bractlets
linear, 3--5 mm. long, pubescent; flowers not known; fruiting-
calyx membranous, cupuliform, about 3 mm. long, the rim shortly
4-lobed; fruit globose, about 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous, nearly
surrounded by the densely fulvous-tomentose greatly enlarged disk
which is subglobose and to 10 mn. in diameter.

The type of this remarkable species was collected by Maximo
Ramos and Gregorio E. Edafio [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 37563] in
forests at an altitude of about 1200 meters on Mount Masingit, in
Kalinga Subprovince, Luzon, Philippine Islands, on February 17,
1920, and was deposited in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science
at Manila, but is now destroyed. The native vernacular name of
“Yagnai" is recorded for the plant.

Merrill (1922) says that "This species is remarkable for its
greatly enlarged, densely fulvous-tomentose disk which surrounds
and nearly incloses the fruit, a character that is unknown to me
for any other described species of the genus. It is further re-
markable for its unusually large leaves which are eglandular and
densely tomentose on the lower surface." Quisumbing & Merrill

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 229

(1928) comment that the species is apparently related to and very
similar to C. pachyclada Quisumb. & Merr.

Callicarpa magnifolia is known to me only from the literature
referred to above.

CALLICARPA MAINGAYI King & Gamble, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1908: 106.
1908,

Synonymy: Callicarpa maingaya King & Gamble apud Elm., Leafl.
Philip. Bot. 3: 866, sphalm. 1910. Callicarpa maingayi King &
Gamble apud Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser.
3, 3: 21, in syn. 1921.

Bibliography: S. Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 27) & 589.
1877; King & Gamble, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1908: 106. 1908; King &
Gamble, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7 (2), extra no.: 802 &
80). 1908; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 21: 1012 & 101.
1909; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3: 866. 1910; Prain, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 4, pr. 1, 34. 1913; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.
12: 298. 1917; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 47, 49, 63, &
362. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser.
3, 3: 21. 1921; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 614 & 615. 1923;
Calder, Narayanaswami, & Ramaswami, Rec. Bot. Surv. India ll: 2h.
1926; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 411 & 413. 1938; Mol-
denke, Suppl. List Common Vern. Names 2, 6, 1h, 21, & 23. 190;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 59--61 & 87.
1942; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke,
Pl. Life 2: 71. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 2, 137-139 & 177. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 76 (1952) and
6: 215. 1958; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 2, 34. 1958; Anon.,
Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, p. 59. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 177,
179, & lh. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 14: 37. 1966; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. 14: 7. 1966.

Shrub, small or medium-sized tree, or climber; branches minute-
ly golden-brown stellate-tomentose when young or covered with a
yellowish scaly scurf; branchlets stout, obtusely tetragonal;
leaves decussate-opposite, often inequilateral; petioles stout, )-
S cm. long, canaliculate above; leaf-blades coriaceous or thin-
coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-obovate or obovate, 15--30 cm.
long, 7.5--15 cm. wide, rounded and very shortly acute or acumin-
ate at the apex, entire or subentire to undulate along the margins
with minute denticulations at the ends of the larger veins, nar
rowed or rounded and then somewhat cuneate at the base, glossy-
green and glabrous on the upper surface except for the midrib and
secondaries on young leaves, ashy-gray beneath and minutely
golden-brown stellate-tomentose or rugose and very minutely ap-
pressed stellate-pubescent, the venation on all impressed above
and strongly elevated beneath; midrib stout; secondaries 10--12
pairs, issuing at an angle of about 75° from the midrib, antrorse-
ly curvate, anastomosing near the margins; tertiaries fairly reg-
ular, transversely joining the secondaries; veinlet reticulation
connecting the tertiaries; inflorescence minutely golden-brown
stellate-tomentose; cymes 8—9 cm. long and to 15 cm. wide or only

230 PHYTO L:OG1A Vol. 21, no. 4

5--8 cm. long and wide, compound, widely dichotomous, many-
flowered; peduncles stout, short, flattened, 2 5--h ete. long;
cyme-branches also flattened when dry; bractleta linear-subulate,
very small; pedicels slender, 1-—-2.5 mm. long; calyx hemispheric,
1--1.5 mm. long, tawny stellate-tomentose outside, glabrous with-
in, the rim denticulate with minute teeth; corolla white to
yellowish or greenish-yellow, scurfy, its tube subcylindric, 1—
1.5 mm. long, very densely stellate-tomentose outside, glabres-
cent within, the lobes short, about 1 mm. long, rounded at the a-
pex, villous within; stamens inserted near the base of the
corolla-tube; filaments 4.5 mm. long; anthers glandular-punctate
on the back; style slender; stigma capitate; ovary villous; drupes
small, globose, black, to 1.5 mm. in diameter.

This species was based by King and Gamble on H. N. Ridley 2787
from Selangor and on Derry 1005 and Maingay 1192 -- in whose honor

it was named -- from Malacca, as cotypes. These authors aay in

their original description (1908) "In Kew Herbarium, Maingay's

specimen has been placed under C. arborea, but the species differs
in many respects. The venation of the leaves is very different,
as is the tomentum of much smaller stellate hairs; the leaves are
nearly blunt; the tube of the corolla much longer, and its lobes
much shorter; and we have no hesitation in describing it as a new
species." In their key they distinguish the two species about as
follows:

1. Leaf-blades long-acuminate at the apex, the tomentum thick;
cymes dense; corolla-tube only about .075 inch long, merely
PUDETULOUS sicice csc so cece ee ccees cesses cceeeeeeCe arborea Roxb.

la. Leaf-blades obtuse or very shortly acuminate at the apex, the
tomentum thin; cymes spreading; corolla-tube .1 inch long,
stellate-pubescent.........+++++---C. maingayi King & Gamble.

Lam (1919) distinguishes the present taxon from C. subalbida

Elm. as follows: as

1. Corolla densely 2 cutee! outside, the lobes pubescent
Wa Ole ilies otete sie e aicicia sisiaisis 06's 0 jeue ie ae aie ate soeeeesees eC. maingayi.

la. Corolla glabrous outside, "the lobes glabrous within....c.c.eee

C. subalbida.
Ridley (1923) differentiates it from two closely related Malay-
an species as follows:

1. Leaf-blades densely tomentose beneath; corolla violet.......eee

C. arborea.

la. Leaf-blades thinly tomentose beneath; corolla cabaret
Cc. ngayi.

lb. Leaf-blades white beneath with brown-scurfy veins = ee
C. furfuracea Ridl.

He cites a Derry s.n. from Hulu Chembong and a Cantley sen. from

Selangor, and sa: says 3 "Selangor, Sempang Track, Semangkok Pass; Ulu

Gombak Road; Langat. Native names: Poko chulak; tuto putih. Use:

wood for making fiddles." Other common names recorded for the

plant are "balek angin laut", "chulak", "hu khawi khao", "mendapor'?

"tampang besi, "tulo", Mtutok puteh", and "tutor",

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 231

The species has been found scattered in evergreen jungles at
100 meters altitude, flowering in April, May, and November. The
corollas are described as "white" on Bunkird 85 and Singapore
Field No. 16051 and as "yellowish" on Snan 210; Ridley calls them
"greenish".

It is worth noting that Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) regard-
ed C, maingayi as a synonym of C. tomentosa (L.) Murr., while
Fletcher (1938) regarded Cc. tomentosa var. typica Bakh. as a syn-
onym of C. maingayi.

In all, 7 herbarium specimens of C. maingayi and 2 mounted
photographs have been examined by me.

Citations :’ THAILAND: Bunkird 85 [Herb. Roy. Forest. Dept. 328]
(Sm); Snan 210 (Herb. Roy. y. Forest. Dept. 12090] (Z); Winit Wanan-
dorn 6021 (N). MALAYA: Pahang: Holttum 24803 (Bz—18097, | Bae
18098, N, N, N--photo, Z—photo) ; Singapore Field No. 16051 (Ca—

255309)

CALLICARPA MEGALANTHA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 10: 71—72.
1915.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 10: 71—
72. 1915; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 48, 50, 75, & 362.
1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3:
13. 1921; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; E. D.
Merr., Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 386. 1923; Moldenke, Alph. List Com-
mon Vern. Names 23. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver-
benac., ed. 1, 62 & 87. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 195;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 141 & 177.
1995 Moldenke, Résumé 182 & hh. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
Se DMs 2, lide 1960.

Tree, * about 10 m. tall, most of its parts (except the upper
surface of the adult leaves) more or less yellow-glandular and
stellate-plumose-pubescent, the indumentum dark-brown or dark
grayish-brown in color; branches terete, the younger ones more
or less compressed, yellow-glandulose, the younger parts densely
stellate-plumose-pubescent; branchlets brown or gray, stellate-
hairy, densely glandulose; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles
2--2.5 cm. long, very densely stellate-pubescent with brown or
gray hair, densely glandulose; leaf-blades subcoriaceous, oblong
to oblong—ovate, 12=-16 cm. long, 5--6 cm. wide, about equally
narrowed to the acuminate apex and the acute base, entire along
the margins, more or less stellate-pubescent above when young,
becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous in age, brownish-olivaceous
and slightly shiny above, paler and with numerous scattered
pale-yellow shiny glands beneath and also stellate-pubescent,
more densely so on the midrib and secondaries and with only scat-
tered stellate hairs on the lamina; secondaries about 9 per side,
upwardly curvate, anastomosing, prominent beneath; inflorescence
cymose, in the upper leaf-axils, solitary, 7--8 cm. in diameter,
densely many-flowered, dichotomously branched; peduncles stout,
about 8 cm. long, these along with the bracts, bractlets, and

232 PHYTO LOGI«a Vol. 21, no.

calyxes densely stellate-plumose-pubescent, the indumentum almost
obscuring the scattered shiny pale-yellow glands; bracts oblance-—
olate-spatulate, 6--8 mm. long; bractlets similar but much small-
er; calyx somewhat infundibular, about 3 mm. long, its rim equal-
ly 4-toothed or -lobed, the lobes short and acute; corolla white,
6—-7 mm. long, sparingly glandulose outside with small yellow
shiny glands, the lobes , subequal, oblong-ovate, 3--3.5 mn.
long, broadly rounded at the apex, sparingly stellate-pubescent
in lines and glandulose externally on the median portion; fila-
ments 7—-8 mm. long; anthers ovoid, about 1.2 mm. long, somewhat
glandulose on the back; ovary ovoid, very densely covered with
small shiny pale-yellow glands.

The type of this species was collected by Richard Crittenden
McGregor [Philip. Bur. Sci. 19687] on Mount Polis, in Ifugao Sub-
province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, and was deposited in the
herbarium of the Bureau of Science at Manila, but is now destroy-
ed. Merrill (1915) comments that the species is "Probably most
closely allied to Callicarpa subglandulosa Elm., but differing
from that species in many characters. Callicarpa megalantha is
remarkable for its comparatively large flowers which are indica-
ted by the collector as being white, a color otherwise unknown or
at least very rare in the genus, its long-peduncled cymes, and
its dark-brown or dark grayish-brown indumentum."

The species appears to be endemic to Luzon. Lam (1919) also
avers that "Its affinity is with C. subglandulosa {now known as
Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr.]; it has, however, leaves with
an attenuate base, whilst C. subglandulosa has leaves with a
somewhat rounded base." A common name recorded for it is
"“palayan". It has been found blooming in February and September,
and fruiting in September.

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) reduces the species to synonymy
under what he calls C. pentandra var. typica f. hexandra Bakh.
[=Geunsia hexandra (Teijsm. & Binn.) Koord.]. Material has been
misidentified and distributed in herbaria under that name. In
all, 5 herbarium specimens have been examined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Quisumbing s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 861] (N); Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip.
Bur. Sci. 37718] (Bz—18555, W--1260)05), s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur.
Sci. 40363] (Bz—-18554, W—126145)) .

CALLICARPA MEMBRANACEA Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 306. 1951.

Bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 300, 306, &
312. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966; Moldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 1h: 3. 1966.

Chang (1951) describes this species as follows: "Frutex circ.
1m altus. Ramli pallidi lenticellati glabrescentes. Folia
membranacea anguste oblonga, 10--15 cm longa, 3--.5 cm lata,
utrinque glabra, supra viridia subtus pallidiora sparse punctata,
apice longe acuminata vel subcaudata, basi cuneata vel acuta,
margine in parte 3/ superiore serrata, serraturis in utroque

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 233

latere 16--2) inter se 3--7 m distantibus; nervi laterales utrin-
secus 8--ll subtus elevati; petioli circ. 5 m longi glabri.

Cymae axillares bis dishotomae, 1.5 cm diametro, circ. l-florae,
glabrae vel sparsissime stellato-puberulae; pedunculi 5--8 mm
longi graciles; bracteae et bracteolae subulatae glabrae; calyx
1—-1.5 mm longus truncatus glaber vel sparsissime stellato-puberu-
lus, lobis inconspicuis; corolla glabra, tubo 3 mm longo, lobis 1
mm longis; stamina exserta, filamentis 3--l mm longis, antheris
1.3 mm longis, poro apicali dehiscentibus; ovarium punctatun,
stylo staminibus longiore, stigmate paulo bifido. Fructus roseus
3 mm diametro."

The species is based on R. C. Ching 6130, collected in 1928 in
Kwangsi, China, and deposited in the herbarium of the Botanical
Institute of Sunyatsen University, Canton, China. Chang cites
also S. H. Chun 2800 from Hunan and compares the species (in Chin-

ese) with C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance.

CALLICARPA MERRILLII Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 55. 1932.

Synonymy: Callicarpa lancifolia Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.
10: 70--71. 1915 [not C. lancifolia Millsp., 1906, nor. Pav., 1936,
nor Sessé & Moc., 1940]. Callica caudata var. simplicipuberula
H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. Ei. 1919. :

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 10: 70--7l.
1915; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 6, 54--55, 61, & 362.
1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3:
23. 1921; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; E. D. Merr.,
Enum. Philip. Pl. 3: 385. 1923; Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
60: 55. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6. 1938; Moldenke,
Alph, List Common Vern. Names 17, 23, & 30. 1939; Moldenke, Pre-
lim. Alph. List Invalid Names 11. 1940; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Publ. 522: 199. 190; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver-
benac., ed. 1, 62 & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names
9. 1942; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; H. N. & A. L. Molden-
ke, Pl. Life 2: 72. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 462 (198)
and 3: 723 & 841. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 2, 141 & 177. 1949; Moldenke, Résum4‘182, 2, & hhh. 1959;
Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia
13: 431 & 433 (1966) and ly: 142 & 143. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 14: 6 (1966) and 15: 11. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 20
(1967) and 16: 451 & 452. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 12.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 33 & 109. 1971.

Shrub, 1--l; m. tall; branches terete, slender, subglabrous or
more or less ferruginous-stellate-pubescent, the younger ones and
branchlets densely stellate—pubescent and with scattered longer
sparingly plumose-branched hairs intermixed; leaves decussate-
opposite; petioles 5-—-8 mm. long, densely stellate-tomentose; leaf-
blades chartaceous, lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 15—
20 cm. long, 3—5 cm. wide, narrowed above to the long and slender
often subfalcate caudate-acuminate apex, serrate-dentate with dis-
tinct gland-tipped teeth along the margins, narrowed below to the
obtuse and usually slightly inequilateral base, usually olivaceous

23h P HeY TiO LiOvG Des Vol. 2, nos

above when dry and eglandular with scattered short simple hairs,
usually somewhat paler and sparingly stellate-tomentose beneath
and minutely glandular or usually only with simple hairs beneath;
secondaries 10 or 11 per side, distinct, arcuate-ascending, anas-
tomosing; inflorescence cymose, the cymes axillary, solitary, 2--
cm. long, pedunculate, dichotomous, rather lax and open, many-
flowered, the branches divaricate, rather densely pubescent with
simple and stellate hairs intermixed, sometimes with plumose
hairs; bractlets small, linear, pubescent; calyx about 1 mm. long,
sparingly hirsute-pubescent with short straight simple hairs, the
rim obscurely or scarcely and subequally l-toothed; corolla pink
or lilac, glabrous, the tube about 2 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes
h, orbicular-ovate, about 1 mm. long, rounded at the apex; sta-
mens little exserted; filaments mm. long; anthers 0.5 mm. long;
style slender, 5.5 mm. long, slightly thickened into the stigma

ed — —

Merrill 8115 has extra large leaf-blades.

Merrill (1915) notes that "The species has been confused with
Callicarpa caudata Maxim., and C. longifolia Lam., and is mani-
festly allied to the former, differing in its very different in-
dumentum. It is apparently more closely allied to C. stenophylla
Merr., than to C. caudata, but is distinguished from the former by
its broader leaves. Among the extra-Philippine forms it is ap-
parently most closely allied to Callicarpa longifolia Lam., dif-
fering in its indumentum, shape of its leaves, and in details of
its flowers." He cites as typical material of C. merrillii the
following collections: Basilan: DeVore & Hoover 1, Hallier s.n.
Mindanao: Mrs. Clemens s.n. [Camp Keithley], Fénix s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 15802], E. D. Merrill 8115, C. B. Robinson s.n.
(Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 11802], R. S. Williams 2307. Mindoro: E.
D. Merrill 5556. Ticao: W. W. Clark s.n. (Herb. Philip. Forest
Bur. 253].

In my opinion, the species is most closely related to C. caudata
Maxim. Lam (1919) agrees, saying "Its affinity is with C. caudata,
from which it differs, however, by the obtuse base of the leaves,
and in some other points." Actually, the simple hairs on the lower
leaf-surface, seen very plainly on Elmer 10375 and on Herb. Philip.
Bur. Sci. 37388, 38816, & )601, constitute the quickest and easi-
est way to distinguish C. merrillii from C. caudata. In the aatter
species the pubescence is stellate everywhere. Callicarpa merril-
1ii — named in honor of Elmer Drew Merrill (1876—1956), who first
recognized it -—- is also related to C. stenophylla Merr. and, more

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 235

distantly, to C. longifolia Lam. It has been found growing along
small brooks in forests at low altitudes, flowering from April to
June and August to December, and fruiting in February, April,
June, and August to December. Vernacular names recorded for it
are "katonal", "palis", and "tigau". Bakhuizen van den Brink
(1921) reduces it to synonymy under what he calls C. cuspidata
Roxb. and cites the Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
44601] collection. I I regard C. cuspidata Roxb. as cospecific
with C. pedunculata R. Br.

It should be noted here that the C. lancifolia of Millspaugh,
referred to in the synonymy above, is a valid West Indian species,
while that of Pavon and of Sessé & Mocifio is C. acuminata H.B.K.

Lam (1919) based his C. caudata var. simplicipuberula | on "Ler-
rill 10375" fron Dumaguete in the Cuernos Mountains on eastern _
Negros, Philippine Islands, collected in June, 1908, but this is
certainly an error in transcription for Elmer 10375. He describes
the variety as "folia vix denticulata, subtus pilis simplicibus
vestita", with young fruits in June.

Material of C. merrillii has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. caudata Maxim., C. cuspidata Roxb.,
and C. longifolia Lam. On the other hand, the Wi. W. Clark s.n.
(Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. Hip ‘McClure 15899, | Mearns & Hutchin-

Edafio eee (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 49295], Ramos & Pasgasio s SNe
{Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 34775], and R. S. Williams 2307, distrib-
uted as C. merrillii, are actually C. caudata Maxim.

In all, 19 herbarium specimens, including type material of one
of the names involved, have been examined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Basilan: DeVore & Hoover 1 (W-
449518). Luzon: F. Manuel s.n. (Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 23489]
(W—~13760)1); Ramos & Edafio s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 601]
(B, Bz—-17515, Ca—257638, N). Mindanao: Fénix s.n. [Herb. Phil-
ip. Bur. Sci. 15802] (W—-300327) ; Mearns & Hutchinson sen. (May
1906] (N); E. D. Merrill 8115 (W--901911); Ramos & Edaflo s.n.
{Herb. Philip. “Bur. Sci. SCL. 37308] (Bz—-17522, "W—1260271) 5 C.B Be
Robinson s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 11802] (W—714476) 5 Re s.
Williams 2307 (W—707892). Mindoro: M. Ramos sen. [Herb. Philip.
Bur. Sci. 30016] (Bz--17521), s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 39816]
(W—-1261106). Negros: Elmer 10375 (Bz—-1752h, N, W—705853). Ti-
cao: W. W. Clark s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 263)] (W—626216) .

ee inas. MICRANTHA Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13) & 187—-188.
1885.

Bibliography: Vidal y Soler, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 134 & 187—
188. 1885; Vidal y Soler, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 208. 1886; Jacks.
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386. 1893; H. J. Lam,
Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 7, 59, & 362. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh.,

236 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 23. 1921; E. D. Merr., Enum.
Philip. Pl. 3: 386. 1923; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., ed. 1, 62 & 87. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew.,
pr. 2, 1: 386. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
ed. 2, 11 & 177. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 183 & hl. 1959; Jacks.
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Moldenke,
Phytologia 1: 142 (1966), lh: 225, 226, & 230 (1967), 15: 21
(1967), and 21: 36. 1971.

Shrub, 3 m. tall; trunk 10 cm. in diameter; branchlets slender,
round, stellately farinose or tomentose; leaves decussate-oppo-
site; petioles mm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous, ovate-
lanceolate or lanceolate, 6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, acutely acumin-
ate at the apex, serrate along the margins except near the base,
acute at the base, more or less densely pubescent with simple
hairs above, stellate-tomentose and glandulose beneath; secon-
daries 6—-8 pairs; inflorescence stellate- farinose or -tomentose,
the cymes small, 2 cm. long; peduncles 5—10 mm. long; calyx 1—
1.5 mm. long, somewhat stellate-pubescent and glandulose, its rim
with subacute deltoid teeth; corolla white or violet-pink, 3 mm.
long, sparsely pubescent, with ), lines of glands along the tube
and on the lobes, the lobes 1—-1.5 mm. long; stamens yellow, ex-
serted, i—l.5 mm. long; anthers ellipsoid, densely glandulose on
both sides; style 5.5 m. long; stigma capitate; ovary densely
glandular on the upper half, glabrous on the lower half; fruiting-
calyx and fruit not known.

The type of this species was collected by Hugh Cuming (no.
1165) in the province of Albay, Luzon, Philippine Islands. This
is the only collection cited by Vidal y Soler on page 13) of his
work (1885), where he designated the binomial as "n. sp." On
pages 187--188 he adds "Herb. Prop. 161 Prov. Abra", Lam (1919)
cites a Cuming s.n. from Luzon, deposited as sheet number 908.
158--383 in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden, as well as a "Com. d.
1. fl. for. d. Fil. no. 1641, Abra". He also cites, with a
question, a "Teysmann, H. Bog. no. 892" from Tanini, Timor, and
notes "The doubtful specimen: Korthals in H. L.-B. sub no. 908.
265—958, gives no locality".

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) reduces this species to syno-
nymy under what he calls C. cuspidata Roxb. I regard Roxburgh's
name as belonging in the synonymy of C. pedunculata R. Br.

It is not at all certain that C. micrantha may not prove, after
all, when type material is available for study, to be conspecific
with some other taxon. The Ramos & Edafio s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur.

Sci. 4561], distributed as C. micrantha, matches perfectly the
type collection of C. elegans Hayek and therefore is regarded by
me as representing the latter species, while Ramos & Edafio s.n.
(Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 46955] is C. formosana f, angustata
Moldenke. Callicarpa micrantha actually is a taxon known to me

only from the literature listed above. It represents only one
of the many problems that still mst be solved before a formal
monograph of the genus, with a key to accepted taxa, can be pub-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 237
lished,

CALLICARPA MOLLIS Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 526. 18h)
(not C. mollis Koord., 1966, nor Matsumura, 1922, nor Req.,
1839, nor Shirasawa, 199, nor Willd., 180].

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa zollingeriana Schau. in A. IC.,
Prodr. 11: 640. 1847. Callicarpa farinosa Sieb. ex Miq., Ann.
Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 99, in syn. 1865 [not C. farinosa Roxb., 1885].
Callicarpa farinosa Sieb. & Zucc., in herb. Callicarpa mollis
var. mollis Mizushima, in herb.

Bibliography: D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 28..1839; Sieb. & Zucc.,
Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 526. 18); Sieb. & Zucc., Abhand. Math.-phys.
Cl. Konigl. Baier. Akad. Wiss. Minch. (3): 155—156. 186;
Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2: 155—156. 186; Schau. in
A. DC., Prodr. 11: 640. 1847; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 237.
1852; A. Gray in M. C. Perry, Narr. Exped. China Seas & Japan 2:
316. 1856; Miq., Ann. Mus. Lugd.—Bat. 2: 99. 1865; Miq., Prol.
Fl. Jap. 31. 1866; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 70. 1870;
Franch. & Savat., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 359. 1875; Lauche, Deutsche
Dendrol., ed. 2, 151. 1883; Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 50h--505.
1886; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl.
Sin. 2]: 25). 1890; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr.
1, 1: 386. 1893; Tasiro, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 8: 109. 1894; Shirasawa,
Bull. Coll. Agric. Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2: [Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.]
269, pl. 1) [Tafel 10], fig. 8. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, (3a): 166. 1895; Koord., Meded. Lands
Plant-tuin Buitenz. 19: 558. 1898; J. Matsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo
13: 114. 1899; Kuroiwa, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 14: 126. 1900; W. P.
Wright in Cassell, Dict. Pract. Gard., ed. 1, 1: 156. 1902; Beis-
sner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Laubh. 25. 1903; Rehd. in L. H.
Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 1: 217. 1906; W. P. Wright in Cassell,
Dict. Pract. Gard., ed. 2, 1: 156. 1907; Shirasawa, Nippon Shin-
rin Jumoku Dzufu [Ic. Ess. Forest. Jap.] 2: pl. 70. 1908; Nakai,
Fl. Kor. 2: 13h. 1909; Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2h: 28—29. 1910; C.
K. Schneid., I11. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 587, 591, & 593, fig. 382
g—i & 385 b—g. 1911; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 529.
1912; Rehd. in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2: 629. 1914; Na-
kai, Fl. Quelp. Isls. 76. 1915; W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 1,
331. 1918; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 51, 92, & 362. 1919;
E. H. Wils., Journ, Arnold Arb. 1: 183. 1920; Bakh. in Lam &
Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 11 & 2h. 1921; Nakai,
Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 22. 1922; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap.,
ed. 1, 338. 1922; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 1: 31--33 & 133, pl. 9.
1923; Mak., Ill. Fl. Jap. [89h]. 192); Sakaguchi, Gen. Ind. Fl.
Okin. 18. 192); W. Trelease, Wint. Bot., ed. 2, 333. 1925; Rehd.,
Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 1, 776. 1927; Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 456—h58, fig. [217]. 1927;
Masam., Prel. Rep. Veg. Yak. 115. 1929; Stapf, Icon. Bot. Ind.
Lond. 1: 526. 1929; Mak. & Nemoto, Fl. Jap., ed. 2, 99h. 1931;
Mak., Gensyoku Yagai-shokubutu [{Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] : 281.
1933; Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illustr. Album]

238 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

1593. 1933; Crevost & Pételot, Bull. Econ. Indo-Chine 37: 1290.
193); Masam., Fl. & Geo. Yakus. 387. 193; Moldenke in Fedde, Re-
pert. Spec. Nov. 39: 295, 297, & 298 (1936) and 0: 38, 0, i3,
86, 115-116, 120, & 125. 1936; Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 622. 1936;
Moldenke, Alph. List Common Vern. Names 16, 22, & 33. 1939; Mol-
denke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Mak., Ill. Fl. Nippon
fig. 562. 1940; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 10, 12,
& 13. 1940; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 199. 19h0;
Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, pr. 1, 803, 80h, & 932. 190;
Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 1941; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 57, 58, 71, & 87. 192; T. H. Everett,
Cat. Hardy Trees & Shrubs 16. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid
Names 9--11. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; Jacks. in
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 1946; Moldenke, Bol.
Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 11: hg. 1947; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1:
185. 1948; H. Ne & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 90. 1948; Moldenke,
Alph, List Cit. 2: 90 & 577 (1948) and 4: 98h, 1081, 1145, 122h,
& 1289. 1949; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 58). 19149; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 133, 13h, 157, & 177.
1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139 (1949) and 3: 380. 1950; H. N.
& A. L. Moldenke, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mex. 20: h. 1950; W. J. Bean,
Trees & Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isles, ed. 7, 1: 334. 1950; W. J. Bean
in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 358 & 359. 1951;
Moldenke, Phytologia : 75. 1952; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa
Univ. [Enum. Trachy. Jap. 7]: 46. 1955; Hara, Distrib. Maps
Flow. Pl. Jap. 51. 1958; Moldenke, Am. Midl. Nat. 59: 335. 1958;
Kriissmann, Handb. Laubgeh. 1: 25 & 255. 1959; Hara, Outline
Phytogeog. Japan i & 3. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 171, 172, 21h,
243, 245, 248, 27, & Luk. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind.
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Kriissmann in mncke, Pareys Blumengartn.,
O46 602 5/2: ihe. 1960; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees &
Shrubs Japan 220. 1960; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, pr. 9,
803, 804, & 932. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 18 (1962) and :
8. 1962; Li, Morris Arb. Bull. 1): 3, 4h, & 7. 1963; Ohwi, Fl. Jap.
76 & 998. 1965; Griffith & Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inventory
16h: 197 & 229. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 431 & 433 (1966),
Uy: 53, 140, & 1y2 (1966), ly: 254 (1967), and 15: 30. 1967; Hy-
land, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inventory 168: 9. 1967; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 16: 377 & 386. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 17 & 18
(1968) and 17: 8. 1968; K. Sugawara, Ecolog. Rev. 17: 213. 1969;
Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Inventory 173: 60. 1969; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 35, hl, 42, 45, & 154. 1971.

Illustrations: Lauche, Deutsche Dendrol., ed. 2, 151. 1883; C.
K. Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 587 & 593, fig. 382 g—i&
385 b—-g. 1911; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 1): pl. 9. 1923; Mak., Ill.
Fl. Jap. [89] (in color). 192; Nakai in Nakai & Koidz., Trees &
Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 457, fig. [217]. 1927; Terasaki,
Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu [Jap. Bot. Illustr. Album] 1593. 1933; Mak.,
Gensyoku Yagai-shokubutu [Nature-Col. Wild Pl.] : 281. 1933; Mak.,
T1l. Fl. Nippon fig. 562. 190; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr.
Trees & Shrubs Japan 220. 1960; Li, Morris Arb. Bull. ly: h, fig.
1-6. 1963.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 239

Shrub or small tree, 2—5 m. tall; stems to 5 cm. in diameter;
branches slender, spreading in horizontal fashion, subterete or
very obsoletely tetragonal, occasionally slightly flattened at
the nodes, glabrous, with gray bark; branchlets very slender, te-
rete, grayish-brown or dark-purple, densely furfuraceous-pubes-
cent or short-tomentose with sordid many-branched hairs; inter-
nodes usually abbreviated, 1—-3.5 cm. long, occasionally to 6.5
cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles slender, 3--7 m,.
long, densely pubescent or tomentose; leaf-blades membranous or
chartaceous, herbaceous, often somewhat darker green above than
beneath, varying from lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, ).5--12
em. long, 1.6--5.3 cm. wide, long-acuminate or caudate at the a-
pex, rather sharply and irregularly serrate along the margins ex-
cept on the acumination and at the base, rounded to a very obtuse
or truncate (or rarely acute) base, densely short—pubescent or
pilose above, densely farinaceous-pubescent with sordid and more
or less stellate hairs beneath; midrib slender, prominent heneath;
secondaries very slender, 5--7 per side, ascending, not very ar-
cuate, usually obscure above, hardly at all or but very slightly
prominulent beneath; vein and veinlet reticulation fine and deli-
cate, usually obscure; inflorescence axillary; cymes usually soli-
tary, rarely paired, opposite, 1-—-2 cm. long and wide, rather
few-flowered, often only once furcate, not branched, conspicuously
bracteolate; peduncles very slender, {—9 mm. long, pubescent or
pilose; pedicels very slender, 1—3 mm. long, pubescent or pilose;
bractlets linear, to 10 m. long and 2 m. wide; flower-buds
dark-purple; flowers fragrant; calyx extraordinarily large,
spreading campanmulate-infundibular, 5--7.3 mm. long in all, 5 or
more mm. wide, densely tomentose with irregularly branched hairs,
its rim very deeply -fid, the divisions lanceolate, about 3.2 m.
long, sharply acute at the apex; corolla hypocrateriform, purple
or orchid-purple to mallow-pink, its tube broadly cylindric, 3.9—
4.7 mm. long, very much ampliate above, the limb h-parted, the
lobes ovate-lingulate, about 2.6 mm. long and 1.9 m. wide, blunt
at the apex, venose; stamens , inserted at the base of the
corolla-tube, exserted; filaments filiform, 4--5.3 mm. long, gla-
brous; anthers large, oblong, about 2.1 mm. long and 1.1 m.
wide; pistil exserted and surpassing the stamens; style capillary,
about 8.3 mm. long, glabrous, ampliate above into the stigma;
stigma depressed-capitate, about 0.8 mm. wide; ovary subglobose,
about 0.8 mm. long and wide, granulose-pulverulent, l-celled;
fruit purple or purplish-lilac to orchid-purple, purplish even
when young, glossy.

The type of this species was collected by Philipp Franz von
Siebold in Japan, not by "K. Th. E. von Siebold and J. G. Zuccar-
ini" as erroneously stated in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 0: 116
(1936). Some recent collectors refer to the leaves as "opaque
above" or "opaque on both sides", but what is meant by these state-
ments is not clear to me. The corollas are described as "purple"
on Charette 1738 and S. Suzuki SI.55, "mallow-pink" on Yamozaki

34, and "orchid-purple" on Charette 156).

2h0 PH YT, 0 TOG. Tk Vol. 21, no.

The species has been found growing in forests, summer~green
forests, and deciduous broad-leaved forests, copses and thickets,
damp woods, open borders and roadsides, and in humus in half-
shade on mountainsides, at the base of and borders of ravines,
and on open forested banks, at altitudes of 20 to 1000 meters,
flowering from May to August and in November, fruiting in June,
August, October, and November. Vernacular and common names re-
corded for it are "chobsalnam", "kaipinam", "ko isi wara",
"kottsabinam", "namainoki", "waichhaarige Schénfrucht", Nyabu-
murasaki", "yabumurasaki", * nyabu-murasakishukibu", tyahumurasaki",
and "yama-murasaki".

Suzuki tells us that the spectes is occasional in the shrub
layer in sunny, moderately humid, windy, loam soil, with human
disturbance, in deciduous oak forests. Wilson reports it "common"
on Quelpart Island. Yamozaki says that it is "used as a garden
tree" on Shikoku. Bean (1951) avers that it was introduced into
cultivation [in England] in 1863. Li (1963) says that "It was
first introduced by Richard Oldham in 1861—63 to Kew. It is
still raised at Kew in a sheltered spot but is not as hardy nor as
handsome as C. Bodinieri var. Giraldii. It is not certain whether
the plant at present is in cultivation in America." The Herb.
Bogor. 18099 collection, cited below, bears no indication on its
label that it came from cultivated material, but this seems most
probable.

A hybrid between C. mollis Sieb. & Zucc. and C. japonica Thunb.
is known as xC. shirasawana Mak. This and its synonyms, C. mol-
iis Shirasawa and C. mollis x japonica Schneid., are often m placed
in the synonymy of C C. mollis (as, for example, by Bakhuizen van
den Brink in 1921 and by me - me in my earlier publications), but are
discussed separately herein. The illustration given by Shirasawa
(1895) as C. mollis represents the hybrid instead.

It is worth noting here that the Miquel (1865) reference given
in the synonymy and bibliography above is dated "1866" by Bakhui-
zen van den Brink (1921), that of Masamune (1955) is often cited
as volume "6", and that Of Siebold & Zuccarini (1846) as "(1):

526. 184", which is definitely not correct, the "526" being the
species number and not the page number, and "18h; is the date for
part 1 of this work. The C. mollis of Koorders, referred to in
the same synonymy above, is a syno synonym of C. henasie Maxim., that
of Matsumura is C. oshimensis var. okinawensis (Nakai) Hatus.,
that of Shirasawa is xf. shirasawana Mak., while that of Requien
and of Willdenow is C. - acuminata H.B.K., and the C. farinosa of
Roxburgh is C. tomentosa (L.) Murr.

The description of C. mollis by Siebold & Zuccarini (1846) is
worth repeating here because it is not available in many libraries
in the original: "ramis teretibus novellis canescentibus, foliis
petiolatis e basi rotundata vel rarius attenuata ovato-oblongis
vel oblongo longe acuminatis, basi et in acumine integerrimis
ceterum inaequaliter serratis, superne pilis simplicibus molliter

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 2h1

villosis subtus pilis stellatis villosis, glanduloso-punctatis,
cynis petiolum triplo superantibus cano-villosis 7--ll-floris
calycibus cylindricis profunde quadrifidis laciniis lanceolatis
acutis corollis extus villosis, staminibus exsertis, antheris ob-
longis, obtusis rima dehiscentibus in connectivo glandulosis,
stigmate capitato incrassato. Rami juniores pilis stellatis fur-
furaceo-canescentes. Folia petiolate petiolis circiter 8" longis,
e basi rotundata raro attenuata ovata-oblonga, vel superiora non-
numquam oblongo-lanceolata longe acuminata, 1 1/2 — " longa, 6—
8'" lata, inaequaliter serrata, superne pilis simplicibus subtus
stellatis villoso-canescentia, * utrinque glandulis pellucidis punc-=-
tata. Cymae axillares vel superaaxillares strictae vix quartam
folii partem aequantes, pilis stellatis dense villosae. Calyx
cylindricus laciniis tubum fere superantibus lineari-lanceolatis
acutis. Antherae pro ratione magnae basi bifidae, dorso, glandu-
sae. Stylus cylindricus stamina parum superans, stigmate incras-
sato truncato. Variat floribus pentameris pentandris."

Nakai (1923) describes the plant as "Frutex 3—5 metralis ra-
mosus. Ramus juvenilis viridis stellulato-subvelutino-tomentosus.
Petioli 3—10 mm. longi stellulato tomentosi. Lamina ovata v.
obovata v. elliptica mucronato v. argute breveque serrata apice
caudato-attenuata supra erecto-pilosa infra erecto-stellatopilosa
utrinque resinose-punctata. Inflorescentia supra axillaris dense
stellulata oligantha. Calyx alte l-fidus, lobis lanceolatis
stellato-tomentosis. Corolla dilute purpurea extus pubescens.
Antherae ellipticae glandulosae. Fructus dilute purpureus dia-
metro 5 mm."

Li (1963) describes it as a "Shrub, 2--5 m. tall, much-
branched, the branchlets densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves obo-
vate-clliptic to oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the base
rounded, the margins serrulate, sparsely tomentose above, stel-
late-tomentose beneath, glandular on both surfaces; petioles 3—
10 mm. long. Cymes axillary, short—peduncled or nearly sessile,
densely flowered, the peduncles as long as the petiole, stellate-
tomentose; calyx deeply l-lobed, stellate-tomentose; corolla
lilac-pink, glandular outside; stamens not exceeding the corolla
lobes. Fruit globose, dull purple, about Sm. across."

Kriissmann (1960) says "Xhnlich c. bodinieri, aber Zweige mehr
halbstrauchig, ganz dicht weich behaart. Blatter elliptisch bis
langlich-lanzettlich, lang zugespitzt, 5-10 cm lang, oberseits
stumpfgriin, unterseits dick sternhaarig, gezahnt . Bluten rosa.
Staubblatter so lang wie die Kronabschnitte. Frichte trublila. —
1863. N.T.1: 57; N.K. 1h: t. 9. Kaum ausreichend winterhart,
auffallend durch die starke Behaarung."

It should be noted that the name, Callicarpa mollis, is not
precluded for this taxon under the present International Rules of
Botanic Nomenclature because the C. mollis of Willdenow, effect-
ively published ) years earlier, was published in synonymy only
and is therefore not regarded as having been published validly.

Masamune (1955) includes in the synonymy of C. mollis the name
"Callicarpa japonica Thunb." of Tasiro (189), but with a question.

2h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, now &

He also regards the "C. mollis" of Matsumura (1899 & 1912, inso-
far as Ryukyu specimens are concerned), Kuroiwa (1900, in part),
Wilson (1920), and Sakaguchi (192)) as referring to C. oshimensis
var. okinawensis.

Sugawara (1969) tells us that the true C. mollis grows in the
shrub layer in plantations of Cryptomeria japonica. Ohwi (1965)
provides us with a key to the Japanese species of the genus, for
which see under C. dichotoma in the present series of notes.

As to the natural geographic distribution of C. mollis, Nakai
(1923) says "Hondo, Shikoku et Kiusiu", Li (1963) says "This spe-
cies is native to japan and Korea", Masamune (1955) says "Tangge-
sima; Kurosima; Yakusima; Iriomote; Honsyu; Sikoku;j, Kyusyu; Tai-
wan; Corea", and Ohwi (1965) says "Honshu (Rikuchu Prov. and
southw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. -— Korea". Hara (1958) unites var.
microphylla sieb. *& Zucc. with the typical form of the species
and gives the combined distribution as "Japan, Korea, Ryukyu, and
Formosa",

Actually, I have found no specimens among those examined by me
that were really collected in the Ryukyu Islands. The so-called
records from these islands as given by Matsumura and Masamune are
probably based on misidentifications of material that will prove
to have been C. oshimensis Hayata and/or C. oshimensis var. irio-
motensis (Masam.) Hatus. and C. oshimensis var. okinawensis (Na-
kai) Hatus.

Miquel (1870) cites Burger 5 [specimens?], Siebold [speci-
mens?], Textor 3 [specimens?], Maximowicz 1 (specimen? ], Oldham 1
[specimen?], Mohnike 1 [specimen?], and C. Wright 1 (specimen? ] .

Material of C. mollis has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. cuspidata Roxb., C. japonica Thunb,,
C. kochiana Mak., and Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. On the other hand,
the Oldham 620, distributed as C. mollis, is actually C. japonica
_Thunb., b., Albrecht Sone (1861) and | Hort. Bric Titleist Be are C.
japohica var. rhombifolia H. J. Lan, am, and Je Matsumura s Son. is | Cc.
oshimensis var. okinawensis (Nakai) Hatus.

The U. S. Dept. Agric. Pl. Inventory 235199, 263642, & 30937,
cited by Griffith & Hyland (1966) and by Hyland (1967, 1968), were
all grown in Maryland from seed collected in Japan, the first-
mentioned being the seed of J. L. Creech 509.

In all, 115 herbarium specimens and 3 mounted photographs of C.
mollis have been examined by me.

Citations: KOREA: Witford s.n. (T). KOREAN COASTAL ISLANDS:
Quelpart: Faurie 1892 (Du--1019, V--127); Kitamura s.n. [19 Jul.
1930] (Mi); E. H E. H. “Wilson 9525 (W--105),201). JAPAN: Hiradoshima:
Weiss 1138 (Bz--18101). Honshu: Charette A555 (Ca—77252, Dt, S,
W--22h7697), 1564 (Ca--77440, W—22h7702), 1738 (Ca—77L69, Dt, 3,
W—22),7797); Collector undetermined 362 (W—9981) ; Furuse s.n. [11
July 1955] (S), sen. [18 July 1955] (Sic To be continued.

An overview of the Hookeriales
Harvey A. Miller

University of I1llingis
Urbana, Illinois

The Hookeriales have been considered to be one of the

more homogeneous orders of mosses. Suborders Ephemeropsidineae

(= Nematacineae) and Hookeriineae have been distinguished
for many years on the basis of the gametophyte being reduced
to a protonema bearing sexual buds in the first and a normal
leafy gametophyte in the second. The common bond within the
order is based almost entirely on the usually small, often
roughened, sporophyte with a double peristome, the conical

to mitriform, often fringed, calyptra, a comparatively lax
areolation and an absence of alar cells. The "hookeriaceous"
peristome is usually characterized by a lamellate exostome
somewhat taller than the endostome with its low to medium
basal membrane and simple processes which are only rarely
separated by a single cilium. As Crosby (1969) correctly
observed of the Hookeriaceae as defined by Brotherus (1925),
"one finds no character or group of characters that unite

the group." However, one can find an aggregate of features
among groups of genera which can be aligned to show a common
heritage even though not all are present in any single genus
or group of allied genera. Welch (1966, 1969) has considered
the Hookeriaceae in the broad sense.

The acknowledged heterogeneity of the Hookeriaceae as
defined by Brotherus can be better understood if we recognize
that his description and arrangement is essentially an
abridgement of Fleischer's system presented in 1908. The
success of Fleischer's system for the mosses is due to his
acceptance of the concepts of evolution, as known at that
time, and their application to develop an arrangement on
something other than an artificial basis. Bessey's "dicta"
presented in 1915 indicating the importance of reduction as
one aspect of evolutionary advancement had not yet appeared
in a refined form, so we find that, for the most part, the
taxa have been placed in a simple to complex order. Further,

INow at Florida Technological University, Orlando, Florida
32816

243

2hh PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 2b, noe ly

great stress was placed on the structure of the peristome
and the morphology of the gametophyte was considered to be
of somewhat lesser importance. If both sporophytic and
gametophytic structures are taken into account, and if we
allow reduction as an indication of advancement, the
Hookeriaceae can be rearranged into several comparatively
homogeneous groups with a common heritage.

Because the reorganization proposed differs considerably
in some ways from the Fleischer-Brotherus system, my
principles of classification are listed below. In utilizing
the principles the following general premises, derived in
the main from Hutchinson (1959), must be taken into account:
1) evolution is both upwards and downwards, the latter
involving degradation and degeneration; 2) evolution does
not involve all organs, or both generations, at the same time
and both elaboration and degeneration may be occurring at
the same time; and 3) evolution has generally been consistent
with a particular tendency potentially being carried to the
extreme of elaboration or reduction although the extremes
may not be present in extant groups.

Some Principles for Moss Systematics

N.B. The principles are arranged from general to
specific features, but no relative importance is to be
implied from the order.

1. Within any group, the larger mosses are generally
more primitive than smaller ones.

2. Closely attached forms with all stems leafy are more
primitive than stoloniferous forms.

3. Perennial mosses are more primitive than the annual
or ephemeral species including those with a
persistent protonema.

4. Both completely aquatic and xerophytic forms are
derived from an aerial, but almost constantly moist,
ancestor.

5. A central strand in the stem is a primitive feature.

1971

10.

11.

ne.

13;

14.

15.

16.

17,

18.

19.

Miller, Hookeriales 25

Stems with a several-layered cortex comprised of
thick-walled or stereid cells are more primitive
than stems with a unistratose or undifferentiated
cortex.

Leaf gaps are a primitive feature.

Radial leaf arrangement is more primitive than
distichous arrangement with the complanate
condition probably intermediate.

A strong costa is more primitive than a weak one
with the ecostate condition most derived.

An excurrent costa is an advanced characteristic
sometimes associated with blade reduction.

Well developed alar cells may be an advanced
condition.

Smooth leaf cells may be primitive with papillate~
cells the derived condition.

Extremely thin-walled or thick-walled cells are
derived.

Specialized vegetative reproduction by brood-bodies
is more advanced than vegetative propagation by
simple fragmentation and regeneration.

Monoicous sexuality is more primitive than the
dioicous condition.

Numerous gametangia and paraphyses are more primitive
than few archegonia or antheridia per inflorescence.

Sexual dimorphism, expressed in the extreme by the
formation of dwarf males and the heterosporous
tendency, as in some species of Macromitrium and
Homalothecium, is advanced.

An elongate seta bearing an exposed capsule is more
primitive than a short seta with an immersed capsule.

A capsule wall with stomata, especially when associated
with air chambers, represents a more primitive
condition than the capsule lacking stomata.

26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

20. Cleistocarpy is probably a derived condition in
the Bryidae.

21. A reduced endostome lacking processes on the basal
membrane is advanced over one with processes and a
high basal membrane; the presence of cilia may also
be advanced.

22. A peristome which is very much reduced or absent
is derived from a normal peristome.

23. Retention of the operculum or a portion of it on
the columella is an advanced condition.

Several taxonomically useful morphological variants are
not included above because I have been unable to divine the
relative conditions of such things as leaf borders, lamellae,
cell shapes, paraphyllia, plane vs. keeled structures, single
vs. double peristomes, acrocarpy vs. pleurocarpy (there is
good evidence both ways), calyptra type, and a multitude of
structural features of the peristome such as median lines,
surface, striations, and accessory ornamentation. Surely
the list may be substantially revised, but if it serves to
stimulate development of a better classification and
critical morphological research, the purpose will have been
well served.

As defined until Crosby's (1969) Pilotrichum revision
appeared, the Hookeriineae was comprised of the Pilotrichaceae,
Hookeriaceae, and the Hypopterygiaceae. Because he found
little difference between Pilotrichum and Helicoblepharum
or among Thamniopsis, Pilotrichidium and Diploneuron, Crosby
merged the Pilotrichaceae with the Hookeriaceae. He apparently
was correct in his evaluation of the generic relationships
of Pilotrichum with members of the Hookeriaceae as defined
at that time. If we consider the position of Pilotrichum
and its allied species within the order, it is among the more
primitive types and quite distinct from all but a few genera
customarily included in the Hookeriaceae-Hypnelloideae. In
such a case it seems best to set this group apart as the
family Pilotrichaceae and to arrange the genera within it in
as natural a sequence as possible.

From some Pilotrichaceous type, one may derive the
Hookeriaceae-Hookeriopsidoideae with a long double costa,
elongate seta, complanate foliage, and a pinnate habit. This,
in turn, mainly by reduction of the costa and seta along with

1971 Miller, Hookeriales

the developinent of comparatively lax areolation, leads to
the Hookeriaceae-Hookerioideae.

The Hookerioideae, perhaps through a common ancestor
to Eriopus, link to the Distichophyllaceae characterized
by the asymmetric, bordered, once costate, parenchymatous
more or less isodiametrically areolate leaves and the cross-
striate peristome. Muller suggested that this group be
recognized as the family Mniadelphaceae nearly 100 years
ago but no description was included so his name cannot
stand.

The Daltoniaceae resemble the Distichophyllaceae in
the bordered leaves with a single costa and isodiametric
cells but differ in their smaller size, radial symmetry,
uniform leaves, upright habit and their selection of
ephemeral habitats as twigs, leaves, and even the backs of
large weevils in the cloud forests of New Guinea. The
peristome differs from others in the order in that both
ranks are strongly papillose and well-developed with the
exostome lacking striae.

It is quite likely that Daltonia and Ephemeropsis have
a common origin but the separation, as evidenced by the
striate rather than papillose peristome, is great and doubt-
less of long standing. Fossils of Ephemeropsis have been
found in middle Eocene deposits from Germany suggesting that
it was once more widely distributed than just to Malesia and
New Zealand as at present. Continued recognition of the
family in a separate suborder seems quite proper.

24,7

Although Fleischer and Brotherus placed the Symphyodontaceae

and Leucomiaceae in the Hookeriales, Dixon (1932) assigned
them to the Hypnales (assuming that "Symphysodontaceae" is
a mis-print or lapsus for Symphyodontaceae). The morphology
of the gametophyte is suggestive of Vesicularia and allied

Hypnaceous genera but the evidence is not clear. Unfortunately,
Dixon did not give any explanation for the shift which has not

been taken up by Bartram (1939, 1949), Crum and Bartram
(1958), or Crum and Steere (1957), for example. The leaves
of Symphyodon have a few alar cells but the erect, spiny,
AOS a capsule with simple papillose exostome teeth and a
reduced endostome is quite unlike that characteristic of the

Hypnaceae. Leucomium has a Hookeria-like peristome and shares

the very large thin-walled cells characteristic of Hookeria
as well. Until some evidence can be offered to substantiate
Dixon's opinion, I am satisfied that these families can be
reasonably considered among the Hookeriales.

24,8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

A specialized derivative, probably from the Distichophy]laceae,
is the Hypopterygiineae comprised of the Hypopterygiaceae and
the Cyathophoraceae. The complanate habit is carried to the
extreme with the development of markedly different obliquely in-
serted, wide-spreading, lateral leaves and reduced, transverse,
erect, amphigastrial leaves. A stipe with widely spaced, often
scale-like, leaves or a prostrate stoloniferous stem is
developed. The very short to absent costa, regular alignment
of the amphigastria, and very short seta serve to set off the
Cyathophoraceae from the Hypopterygiaceae.

In the following revision I have arranged the taxa so far
as possible according to the principles listed above. As the
positions of the genera are subject to various interpretations
depending upon the importance placed on one feature or another,
I have not attempted to further justify the sequence of genera
as presented. Some groups remain heterogenous and may be
defined ultimately in somewhat different ways.

ORDER HOOKERIALES
Suborder Hookeriineae

Pi lotrichaceae

Hemiragis 9. Hypnella

Thamniopsis 10. Neohypnella

Stenodictyon ‘lillie hence nella

PTlotrichi dium 12. Chaetomitriopsis
Diploneuron 13. Chaetomitrium

= Ca ldicestel lo sis 14. Orontobryum

c HeTicoblepharum 15. Dimorphocladon

1lotrichum

ONO PWNH—
° i a eo

Hookeriaceae

Hookeriopsidoideae, subfam. nov. Folium cum costa
duplici ad vel supra medium folium soluta; cellulae laeves
vel unipapillatae. Exostomium cum dentibus hyalinis et
papillosis aut rubris vel brunneolis et cruciatistriatis;
endostomium plerumque flavidum, cum membrana basali processus
subulatos papillosos carinatos ferens. Typus: Hookeriopsis
(Besch.) Jaeg.

1971 Miller, Hookeriales 2h9

Leaves with a double costa usually extending to mid-leaf
or beyond, narrowly bordered to unbordered; cells smooth to
unipapillate over the lumen. Peristome double; exostome
pale to hyaline and papillose or red to brown and cross-
striate; endostome pale yellow to brownish, basal membrane
bearing keeled papillose processes with no, or rarely
rudimentary, intercalated cilia.

1. Amblytropis 5. Actinodontium

2. Cyclodictyon 6. Lepidopilum

3. Archboldiella 7. Hookeriopsis

4. Lepidopilidium 8. Callicostella
Hookerioideae

1. Hookeria 4. Crossomitrium

2. Tetrastichium 5. Eriopus

3. Schimperobryum (= Lamprophy11um)

Distichophyllaceae, fam. nov.

Caulis diversifolius; foliis plerumque asymmetricis et
limbatis; costa singulari, infra apicem soluta sed interdum
percurrens; cellulae hexagonae vel rhombiformes cum parietibus
tenuibus et laevibus, aut rotundae cum parietibus incrassatis
et interdum papillosis. Typus: Distichophyllum Dozy et
Molkenb.

Leaves of varying size and shape on the same stem,
usually asymmetrical and generally bordered; costa single
usually ending below the apex but sometimes percurrent;
cells generally thin-walled and hexagonal above, but some-
times rhombid, or thick-walled and ronded, smooth or (in
Adelothecium) papillate over the lumen. Peristome double
with the exostome well developed and the endostome with a
high basal membrane and long processes or a low membrane and
reduced teeth or absent.

1. Pterygophyllum 4. Leskeodon
2. Disticho : TTum 5. Leskeodontopsis
3 Distichophyllidium 6. ? Adelothecium

250 Pin TY PiOcE OGD -A Vol. 21, no.

The position of Adelothecium in this family is question-
able although the peristome is very similar to the others and
the leaves have a single costa. It differs in the leaves
being unbordered with incrassate, strongly truncate-
papillate cells. If another alliance cannot be found for
the genus it should probably be placed in a separate subfamily.

Daltoniaceae, fam. nov.

Plantae gregariae vel caespitosae, plerumque parvae,
epiphyticae, leviter nitidae, dilute virides vel aureae
sunt. Folia aequabiles, erectiuscula vel erecto-patentia;
margine limbato et integro; costa singula et infra apice
soluta; cellulis rhombis vel rotundis, laevibus. Peristomium
duplex, exterius et interius pariter longus. Typus:
Daltonia Hook. & Tay].

Gregarious to turf-forming, usually small and little
branched, epiphytic, faintly shiny plants. Leaves uniform,
symmetrical, and erect-spreading; margin bordered and
mostly entire; costa single, ending below or in the apex;
cells rhomboid to rounded and smooth. Peristome double
with the exostome the same length as the endostome and
papillose (except Bellia); endostome usually with a low
basal membrane bearing keeled, subulate, papillose
processes.

1. Bellia 2. Daltonia
Symphyodontaceae
1. Symphyodon
Leucomiaceae
1. Vesiculariopsis 5. Pulvinella
2. Philophyllum 6. Stenodesmus
3. Sauloma he Rhynchos tegiopsis
4. Leucomium

Suborder Ephemeropsidineae (Nematacineae)

Ephemeropsidaceae (Nemataceae)

1. Ephemeropsis (including Archephemeropsis )

1971 Miller, Hookeriaceae 251
Suborder Hypopterygiineae, subord. nov.

Rami cum foliis in stipite ex caule rhizomate errigens.
Folia dimorpha, amphigastriis comparate parvis et transverse
affixis autem foliis lateralibus oblique insertis. Typus:
Hypopterygiaceae.

Leafy branches stipitate from a rhizome-like stem and
usually dendroid or pinnately branched; central strand
strong. Leaves of two types; lateral leaves obliquely to
nearly longitudinally inserted, usually plane and oblong;
ventral leaves transverse or nearly so, erect, often
lanceolate to subulate, and smaller than lateral leaves,
being true amphigastria. Peristome double or the exostome
lacking; endostome with a plicate basal membrane and
keeled processes.

Hypopterygiaceae

1. Lopidium 3. Catharomnium
2. Hypopterygium

Cyathophoraceae, fam. nov.

Plantae gregariae, arboricolae aut in saxo humido, cum
caulibus foliosis simplicibus et stipitibus brevibus. Folia
dimorpha, amphigastriis imbricatis et in specie singulari,
foliis lateralibus distichis; cellulis tenuiparietibus,
hexagonis. Fructus in axillis amphigastriorum; seta
brevi; capsula globosa vel cylindrica; peristomium duplex,
exterius cum dentibus 16 lanceolatis et interius cum
dentibus 16 lanceolatis in membrana basali alta; operculum
conicum rostratum. Calyptra conica et parva.

Usually large, gregarious plants rising from a brown,
densely tomentose rhizome attached to moist, shaded, tree
trunks, logs, or damp rocks, with the simple leafy branches
usually horizontal and stipitate below. Leaves dimorphic,
the imbricate amphigastria in a single row, lateral leaves
distant, obliquely inserted on either side of the stem and
somewhat asymmetric; cells thin-walled, isodiametric to
elongate-hexagonal, smooth, and punctulate. Dioicous with
sexual buds in axils of the amphigastria. Seta short,
smooth, with an erect, globose to cylindrical, thick-necked
capsule; annulus broad; peristome double; exostome with 16
lanceolate teeth; endostome with a high basal membrane bear-
ing lanceolate processes; operculum conic and beaked.
Calyptra conic and small.

1. Cyathophorum 2. Cyathophorella

252 PH Y ‘TO. L:O1G'E A Vol. 21, no.

Literature Cited

Bartram, E.B. 1939. Mosses of the Philippines. Philippine
J. Sci. 68: 1-437.

1949. Mosses of Guatemala. Fieldiana Bot.
25: 1-442.

Bessey, C.E. 1915. The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering
plants. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 109-164.

Brotherus, V.F. 1925. Musci (Laubmoose) 2. Halfte. In
Engler, A. & K. Prantl. Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
Aufl 2° 2. whee le54e2:

Crosby, M.R. 1969. A revision of the tropical American
moss genus Pilotrichum. Bryologist 72: 275-343.

Crum, H.A. & E.B. Bartram. 1958. A survey of the moss
flora of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica Sci. 8: 1-90.

& W.C. Steere. 1957. The mosses of Porto Rico
and the Virgin Islands. Sci. Surv. Porto Rico
7: 395-599.

Dixon, H.N. 1932. Classification of mosses. In Verdoorn,
F. Manual of bryology. pp. 397-412. Nijhoff. The
Hague.

Fleischer, M. 1904-1923. Die Musci der Flora von Buitenzorg.
Flore de Buitenzorg 5, 1: i-xxxi & 1-379 (1904);
2: i-xvii & 381-643 (1904); 3: i-xxiv & 645-1103 (1908);
4: i-xxxi & 1105-1729 (1923).

Hutchinson, J. 1959. The families of flowering plants. ed.
2. 2 vol. Oxford University Press.

Welch,- Winona H. 1966. The Hookeriaceae of Mexico.
Bryologist 69: 1-68.

1969. The Hookeriaceae of Cuba. Bryologist
72: 93-136.

FIVE MORE NOVELTIES IN THE VERBENACEAE

Harold N. Moldenke

JUNELLIA TONINII (Kuntze) Moldenke, comb. nov.
Verbena toninii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 258. 1898.

LIPPIA EUPATORIUM var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis angustioribus et
pedunculis brevioribus differt.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
its leaf-blades being narrower, about 3 cm. long and 5—8 m.
wide, and the peduncles shorter, 2—l.5 cm. long.

The type of the variety was collected by Jo&%o Murga Pires, Nilo
Tomaz da Silva, and R. Souza (no. 9652) in the cerrado between
Brasilfa and Niquel&ndia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, on May 16,
1963, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield,
New Jersey. The collectors describe the plant as a shrub, with
the bracts "esverdeadas", and the corollas cream-color.

PREMNA GUILLAUMINII Moldenke, sp. nov.

Frutex; ramis ramulisque glaberrimis gracillimis; foliis par-
vissimis petiolatis, laminis 0.5--1.5 cm. longis et latis rotun-
dis vel rotundato-ellipticis utrinque glaberrimis, ad apicem ob-
tusis vel subacutis, ad basin plerumque rotundatis; inflorescen-
tiis parvissimis paucifloris terminalibus.

Small shrub, to 1 m. tall; branches and branchlets slender,
smooth; leaves decussate-opposite, numerous, very small, petio-
late; petioles extremely slender; leaf-blades chartaceous, uni-
formly green on both surfaces, round or rounded-elliptic, 0.5—1.5
cm. long and wide, glabrous on both surfaces, shiny, rounded or
obtuse to subacute at the apex, entire along the margins, mostly
rounded at the base, inconspicuously venose; inflorescence termin-
al, very small, few-flowered, cymose, about 1.5 om. long and 1 cm.
wide, its branches minutely puberulent; calyx cupuliform, about 2
mm. long and wide, light-colored, pulverulent on the outside, its
rim plainly 5-toothed.

The type of this distinctive species was collected by André
Guillaumin and M. G. Baumann-Bodenheim (no. 9615) on serpentine
at the foot of Mount Kaféaté, New Caledonia, on December 22, 1950,
and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botani-
cal Garden.

PREMNA GUILIAUMINII f. SERRATA Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum grosse den-
tatis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav-
ing its leaf-blades coarsely dentate.
The type of the form was collected by M. G. Baumann-Bodenheim
253

25h PRE TOLOCG Is Vol. 21, no.

(no. 6476) in calcareous soil at the foot of Quen Toro near Nouméa,
New Caledonia, on October 3, 1950, and is deposited in the Brit-
ton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector
describes the plant as a bush, 30 cm. tall, and avers that it is
merely a juvenile form of what he calls P. intgrifolia L. [now
known as P. obtusifolia R. Br.]. This seems highly unlikely be-

caule the latter has been collected in literally hundreds of
widely scattered localities throughout the Pacific area, often
with large series of specimens representing each collection, with
never such a juvenile form found!

STACHYTARPHETA IRWINII Moldenke, sp. nov.

Frutex; ramis ramulisque dense adpresso-strigillosis; foliis
oppositis vel alternato-approximatis sessilibus subcoriaceis fir—
mis utrinque pallide flavido-viridibus ellipticis 3-5 cm. longis
1.5--2.5 cm. latis acutis vel rotundatis, ad basin cuneatis, supra
subglabratis subtus dense puberulentibus; inflorescentiis spicatis
densissimis 3.5—6 cm. longis. r

Small shrub, about 1 m. tall, apparently with numerous erect
stems or branches; branches and branchlets slender, brownish,
densely appressed-strigillose with antrorse hairs; leaves opposite
or subopposite to approximate-alternate, numerous, sessile, subcor-
iaceous, firm, light yellow-green on both surfaces, elliptic or
slightly subobovate, 3-—-5 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 cm. wide, rounded
to subacute or acute at the apex, long-cuneate at the base, ser=-
rate-dentate from below the widest part to the apex, subglabrate
above, densely puberulent beneath, more or less conspicuously
reticulate-veined on both surfaces; inflorescence spicate, very
dense, 3«5——6 cm. long during anthesis; calyx tubular, about 1
cm. long, slightly widened above, conspicuously 5-ribbed, densely
puberulent on the outside, its rim shortly 5-toothed with deltoid-
triangular teeth about 0.5 mm. long; corolla hypocrateriforn,
metallic-blue, its tube slightly surpassing the calyx, the limb
about 7 mm. wide, densely white-strigillose in the throat.

The type of this species was collected by H. S. Irwin, S. F.
da Fons8ca, R. Souza, R. Reis dos Santos, and J. Ramos (no. 28208)
on outcrops in an area of campo, cerrado on outcrops, and wooded
valleys, at an elevation of 1200 meters, about 3 km. north of
SHo Jo#o Chapada, in the Serra do Espinhago, Minas Gerais, Bra-
zil, on March 24, 1970, and is deposited in my personal herbarium
at Plainfield, New Jersey. It is named in honor of the senior
collector, who has done such noteworthy work on the flora of Guy-
ana, Surinam, and Brazil and to whose labors we owe so much of
our present knowledge of the flora of these areas.

BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke

"MORPHOGENESIS IN PLANTS —- A CONTEMPORARY STUDY", 2nd edition,
by C. W. Wardlaw, 51 pp., illus., Methuen & Company, Ltd.,
London E.C., or Barnes & Noble, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10003
as U.S.A. distributors. 1968. $1.50.

This complete revision and fuller development of the first edi-
tion of 1952 is a valuable contribution from the author who has
spent his whole professional life developing this field. It isa
well written, well developed and well illustrated treatment for
each part and for the plant as a whole. "That plants exemplify
the phenomenon of continued embryology cannot be denied: it is
there as an evident fact of observation (the great ascending
trunk of a giant Californian redwood may be the result of 3,000
years of apical growth or continued embryology!)"

The book is very neat, yet Allium is misspelled on p. 308 and
induction on p. 313.

I like the author's outlook:"The fruits of molecular biology,
which are already remarkable and are growing with increasing ac-
celeration, are of vital importance. But they can never be self-
sufficient, for the growing plant has organizational characteris-
tics not only at the molecular level, but also at the several
higher levels -- cell, tissue, organ —- which we see in the har-
moniously developed whole organism, as well as in its several
specialized organs. For the same reason, there can never be a
progressive botanical science based on a single branch of inqui-
ry, be it morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, etc.

Botany — the science of plants — has a heritage from all its
branches....Let us constantly seek new facts, liberating ideas,
validating experiments and inferences of wide generality."

"CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES", lth edition, edited by Guy-
Harold Smith, xiii & 685 pp., illus., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016, London, Toronto, & Sydney.
1971 e $11 95 e

Each edition of this standard valuable work has been somewhat
updated and freshly and richly illustrated. The twenty-two
authors of this edition are well recognized in their respective
fields of specialization. The book is well organized and dupli-
cations, gaps, contradictions, and divergent styles of writing
are all avoided. This is a real credit to the experienced edi-
tor, who also authors five articles.

The book is divided into eight parts carefully covering these
topics: conservation in the United States with the concomitant
economics, water use and abuse, mineral resources and fuels, grass-

255

256 PHY TOLROGESA Vol. 21, no. 4

land and forest resources, wild life including fish, recreation-
al resources, urban and national planning, and the conservation
of man himself. The illustrations on flooding and the United
States soil maps and classifications are highlights of this
edition. The format is attractive to and easy on the eyes. Just
one slight printing error was noticed -—- the misspelling of vol-
canig on p. 72.

This text will continue to have considerable use throughont
our campuses that are at all rbrally aware or oriented. It may
be bypassed by urban-limited schools to the great loss of the
students whose lives have been limited by asphalt, concrete,
brick and canned food.

"PHOTOBIOLOGY" by Jerome J. Wolken, xiii & 113 pp., illus., Van
Nostrand-Reinhold, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10022. 1969.
$2.25 paper—back.

This twelfth in the "Selected Topics in Modern Biology" series
clearly discusses the world's sunlight as part of the electromag—
netic spectrum, light-sensitive pigments, photosynthesis, chloro-
plasts, photomotion, vision with simple and compound eyes, and
vitamin A. It is written at the level of the beginning college
student needing additional clarification, of the high school
biology student seeking enrichment and of the general reader. It
is well illustrated and indexed.

"FLORIDA LANDSCAPE PLANTS — Native and Exotic", by John V. Wat-
kins, 368 pp., illus., University of Florida Press, Gaines-
ville, Florida 32601. 1969. -$7.50.

The author, who has been teaching landscape gardening at the
University of Florida for years, plammed this excellent and at-
tractive book for the home owner, the student and professional
nurseryman, the tourist, etc. In it he updates material for over
350 of Florida's best landscape plants from "Your Guide to Florida
Landscape Plants" (1961) and from the companion volume on tropical
exotics (1963). Each plant is illustrated with simple line draw-
ings. The descriptive text for each is constructed after this
outline: common and scientific names, family, type, identifying
features, growth habit, foliage, flowers, fruits, landscape uses,
habitat, light and soil requirements, salt tolerance, sources,
culture, propagation and pests. There is a glossary and index.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN UNIFOLIOLATE CROTALARTIA TAXA
(LEGUMINOSAE )
Donald R, Windler*

Over the last several years I have been engaged in studies
of the North American species of Crotalaria related to
Crotalaria sagittalis L, During these studies it became
evident that some of the plants examined represented new taxa,
In the text which follows, three species and two varieties are
described for the first time, A third variety is transferred
to a different species from the one under which it was origin-
ally recognized, Dr, Robert H, Mohlenbrock, Southern Illinois
University, has translated the descriptions into Latin and Mrs,
Miriam Wysong Meyer has prepared illustrations for each of the
new species,

CROTALARTA BREVIPEDUNCULATA Windler, sp. nov,

Frutex vel herba suffrutescens, Radix ignota, Caules
ultra 3 dm longi, 3.5 mm crassi, internodium longissimum 1,2 cm
longum, trichomis densis brevibus patentibus 0,6-0.7 mm longis.
Stipulae nullae, Folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, 2.,1-
4.4 cm longa, 5-13,.5 mm lata, ad basim cuneata vel acuta late,
ad apicem acuminata, trichomis laxe adpressis 0,5-0.9 mm longis;
petioli 1,6-2,1 mm longi,

Inflorescentia terminal et etiam foliis opposita, pedunculo
1,2-6,1 cm longo, Bracteae sessiles lineares vel anguste
lanceolatae, 4-4,4 mm longae, 0,3-0,6 mm latae; pedicellus 3,8-
4.2 mm longus; calyx 10,5-11 mm longus, tubo 2.5 mm longo,
trichomis patentibus 0,5-0,7 mm longis; bracteolae lineares,

3.5 mm longae, 0,2-0,3 mm latae, Corolla lutea, vexillum
10,5-11 mm longa, aequans lobis superis calycis; antherae
elongatae 1,6-2 mm longae, antherae breves 0,3-0.4 mm longae;
stylus 6,4 mm longus, Fructus et semina ignoti, Chromosome
number: not known, Flowering date: December 20, Habitat:
shady canyon slope with oaks and palms, elevation 3,500 feet,
Range: Mexico; Durango, Sinaloa, Figure l,

Holotype: Gentry 5311 (GH)

Type locality: Sierra Tres Picos, Durango, infrequent,
scattered,

*Department of Biology, Towson State College, Baltimore,
Maryland 21204

257

258

PHY T O.L.0;@ LA

Vol. 21, nog

1971 Windler, North American Crotalaria 259

Crotalaria brevipedunculata is characterized by its lack
of stipules, short terminal inflorescences and small flowers,
It most nearly resembles C, nitens, but differs from it in
smaller flower size and shorter peduncles,

In addition to the holotype only one other collection of
this species has been observed:

MEXICO,--Sinaloa: Puerto a Tamiapa, Gentry 5815 (MICH, NY).
CROTALARIA MEXICANA Windler, sp. nov,

Crotalaria sagittalis var. fruticosa (Miller) Fawcett and
Rendle, 1920, Vol. 4, p. 10, pro parte, sensu Senn,
non sensu typus.

Herba annua erecta radice palari tenui usque 0,3 cm crassa,
Caulis solitarius, 1,2-2.3 dm longus, 1,6-2.4 mm crassus,
internodium longissimum 1,0-1.5 cm longum, trichomis densis
adpressis 1,2-2.5 mm longis, Stipulae nullae, Folia anguste
elliptica, lineari-lanceolata, vel linearia, 2,2-4.6 cm longa,
4-8 mm lata, ad basim rotundata vel cuneata, ad apicem rotun-
data, acuta vel acuminata, trichomis laxe adpressis 1.1-2.1 mm
longis; petioli 0,5-0.6 mm longi.

Inflorescentia foliis opposita, pedunculo 0,8-2 cm longo,
Bracteae lanceolatae, 3,3-3.6 mm longae, 0,7-0.8 mm latae;
pedicellus 2,5-4 mm longus; calyx 10,5-11.5 mm longus, tubo
2-2.5 mm longo, trichomis 0,8-2 mm longis, laxe adpressis et
patentibus; bracteola lineari-lanceolata, 4-4,5 mm longa 0,5-
0.6 mm lata, Corolla lutea, vexillum 10-10.5 mm longum aequans
vel 0,5 mm brevior lobis superis calycis; antherae elongatae
1,5-1.7 mm longae, antherae breves 0,5-0,6 mm longae; stylus
4,.8-5.3 mm longus. Fructus 2,1-2.5 cm longi, 0.8-1 cm lati;
numerus seminum per legumen ignotus; semina brunnea, 1,8-2 mm
longa, Chromosome number: not known, Flowering time:
September - October, Habitat: dry slopes of mountains,
elevation ca, 6,000 ft, Range: Mexico; Jalisco, Figure 2,

Holotype: Mexico; Jalisco, mountainside above Etzatlan,
Pringle 8855 (GH), Isotypes at TEX and US,

Crotalaria mexicana is a new species, the representatives
of which were referred by Senn (1939) to C, sagittalis var,
fruticosa (here treated as C, sagittalis var, agittalis),
Crotalaria mexicana is most similar to C, sagittalis and C,
quercetorum, It differs from C, sagittalis in its lack of
stipules and absence of spreading pubescence and from C,
quercetorum in its short thick peduncles and in its dense
pubescence,

Figure 1, Crotalaria brevipedunculata, A, Habit, B, Stem,

Vol. 21, now

Po YO LOG Be

260

=H

LAAN IO

1971 Windler, North American Crotalaria 261

Crotalaria mexicana is characterized by its erect habit,
dense, appressed pubescence, lack of stipules, and extremely
short, leaf-opposed peduncles,

Representative specimens:
MEXICO,--Jalisco: near Etzatlan, Pringle 8855 (=type),

Pringle 11807 (GH, US), Rose & Painter 7571 (US); near
Guadalajara, Rose & Painter 7469 (US).

CROTALARIA NAYARTITENSIS Windler, sp. nov,

Herba annua vel perennis radice polari usque 1.5 cm crassa,
Caules 1-multi, 6-12 dm longi, 1.5-2.5 mm crassa, internodium
longissimum 3,8-10 cm long, trichomis densis adpressis, 0,2-

0.7 mm longis, Stipulae decurrentes per longitudinem internodii,
0,15-1.,1 cm latae ad apicem, decrescentes ad vel trans nodum
subtentem, lobi stipulares paralleli ad caulem vel patentes,
0,1-1.3 cm longi, Folia ovalia elliptica ovata, anguste ovata,
oblonga vel lanceolata, 3,5-7.8 cm longa, 7-26 mm lata, ad

basim obtusa vel cuneata, ad apicem obtusa, mucronata, acuminata,
vel acuta, trichomis 0,3-0,8 mm longis, adpressis vel laxe ad-
pressis; petioli 1,2-2.5 mm longi.

Inflorescentia foliis opposita, pedunculo 3,2-16 cm longo.
Bracteae sessiles, lineares vel elliptico-lanceolatae, 3-4,5 mm
longae, 0,2-0.5 mm latae; pedicellus 2,8-3,8 mm longus; calyx
7,5-12 mm longus, tubo 2-3,2 mm longo, trichomis 0,1-0.5 mm
longis adpressis; bracteola linearis vel anguste lanceolata,
1,5-3 mm longa, 0,2-0,3 mm lata, Corolla lutea, vexillum 7-12,5
mm longum, 2 mm brevior usque 1 mm longior lobis superis calycis;
antherae elongatae 1,3-2.1 mm longae, antherae breves 0.4-0.5 mm
longae; stylus 5-6 mm longus, Fructus 1,3-2.3 cm longi, 0.5-0.8
cm lati; semina 30-35 per legumen, 1,6-2.4 mm longa, olivacea,
brunnea, vel rubiginosa, Chromosome number: n=16, Flowering
time: August - February, Habitat: steep moist slopes and
pine woods, elevation 2,500 - 6,600 feet. Range: Mexico;
Jalisco, Nayarit, Figure 3,

Holotype: D. R, Windler & B, K, Windler 2902 (NCU)

Type locality: Mexico: Nayarit, North of Compostella
(near Km, 24), about 7 miles southwest of Tepic, along road
between Tepic and Compostella, Road-cut through mountain on
moist steep slope.

Crotalaria nayaritensis is a new species named for the
Mexican state from which the holotype was collected, It is
characterized by its spreading or diffuse habit, leaf-opposed
inflorescences, small flower size, and appressed pubescence,

Figure 2, Crotalaria mexicana, A, Habit and leaf varia-
tion, B, Stem, C, Leaf pubescence,

262

Pull sh O deOrGrk, 2

Vol? 21; nang

1971 Windler, North American Crotalaria 263

Of the Mexican species it most nearly resembles C, bupleurifolia,
but differs from it in having a smaller flower, appressed
pubescence, and usually narrower stipules,

Representative specimens:

MEXICO,--Jalisco: 13 mi, SW of Autlan, 1,000 m, McVaugh
19886 (MICH); Llano Verde, municipio de Tecalitlan, 1,600 m,
Rzedowski 17417 (MICH); 3 mi, S of Mazamitla, 2,100-2,200 n,
McVaugh 12997 (MICH, US); San Sebastian, W to Mascota, 1,425 m,
Mexia 1408 08 (US); Tepic, Palmer 1869 (NY, US); Nayarit: 10 mi,
SE of Ahuacatlan, 1,100 - 1,300 m, Fedema 287 (MICH); N of
Compostella, 3, 000 ft., Windler & Windler 2902 (NCU); Mina
Esperanza Rosa "Morada, Ortega 6682 (US); 2 mi, N of Tepic,
3,000 ft,, Windler & Windler 2897 (NCU),

CROTALARTIA NITENS HBK, 1824, Vol. 6, p. 399,

In North America Crotalaria nitens variety nitens is known
only from the Mexican states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz,
The plants of the species tend to be shrubby, have terminal
inflorescences, lack decurrent stipules, and have relatively
large flowers, Variety gracilis may be separated from variety
nitens in the following way:

Peduncles stout, 1-2 mm thick; bracts 7,5-14 mm long,

L, 2-30 WAGE. 3 8s. ld) slave Cote . weieGd nitens) var, uitens

Peduncles slender, 0.5-0,6 mm thick, bracts 4-5 um Iong,

0,6-0.8 mm wide, ...... . .C, nitens var, gracilis

CROTALARIA NITENS HBK var, GRACILIS Windler, var. nov,

Differt a var, nitenti pedunculis tenuibus (0.5-0,6 mm
crassis) et bracteis parvis (4,5 mm longis, 0.6-0.8 mm latis).

Holotype: McVaugh & Koelz 1188 (MICH),

Type locality: Mexico: Jalisco; Sierra de Halo, logging
road 7 miles south southwest of Tecalitlan and extending south-
east toward San Isidaro, 13 - 16 miles from highway,

CROTALARIA ROTUNDIFOLIA [wait] Gmelin, 1792, Tome II, p, 1095,

The plants which I have ascribed to this species were
treated by Senn (1939) under two specific names: Crotalaria
angulata and C, maritima, Senn listed the epithet rotundifolia
as a synonym for “C, angu angulata Miller, Fernald and Schubert (1948)
in publishing discussions of American types in British herbaria,
indicated that the name C, rotundifolia actually applied to the
plants Senn had treated as C. maritima,

Figure 3, Crotalaria nayaritensis, A, Habit and leaf
variation, B, Stem,

26h, PHY Tf 0 LOOT &# Vol. 21, nos

During the present study, the two taxa were judged to be
cospecific, The earliest name which appeared to apply to the
species was C, angulata, a name Miller had based on a plant
grown from seed from Campeche,

The application of this epithet is in question for. several

reasons,

1, Britten and Baker (1897) indicate the type does not
differ from C, biflora L,, an Asian plant, This
observation has been confirmed by Dr, Robson of the
British Museum (Personal communication, Nov, 1968,
in a letter to S, W, Leonard),

2. No plants referrable to C, angulata of Senn have
been observed from the vicinity of Campeche,

3, Miller's description of C, angulata does not match
the application of Senn or the available type in
the Miller Herbarium,

Since these points seem to indicate one or possibly more
errors, I feel that the name should be rejected as a source of
confusion (ICBN Articles 69 & 70),

After rejection of Crotalaria angulata, the earliest
name which applies to the plants of the species is C, rotundi-
pete Walt.} Gmelin, Two varieties, based on Senn's species,
C. angulata and C, maritima, are recognized, Crotalaria
ee variety rotundifolia is the plant with appressed
pubescence referred to C, maritima by Senn, The other variety
is designated in the following way:

CROTALARTA ROTUNDIFOLIA var, VULGARIS Windler, var. nov,

Crotalaria angulata Miller, 1768, sensu Senn, 1939,
See discussion above, )

Differt a C, rotundifolia var, rotundifolia pubescentia
patenti in caule, foliis, pedunculo, et calyce,.

Holotype: D,. R, Windler and B, K, Windler 2769 (NCU)

Type locality: South Carolina; Hampton County, about three
miles northwest of Yemassee on South Carolina Highway 68,
Sandhill, 23 July 1967,

Crotalaria rotundifolia var, vulgaris is distinguished by
its spreading pubescence, Over most of its range var. vulgaris
is also characterized by round to oval leaves, but in northern
Florida and southern Georgia it intergrades mith the usually
narrower leaved var, rotundifolia,

1971 Windler, North American Crotalaria 265

CROTALARIA BUPLEURIFOLIA Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 1830, Vol.
5, pho7ay

Crotalaria heldiana A, DC, in A, & A,P, DC,, 1841, Vol.
9, p. 97. (Type: Grown from seed of unknown source
in the garden at Carlsruhe, G!)

Crotalaria bupleurifolia is characterized by its large size,
unusual stipules and large habit and flowers, The two varieties
may be distinguished in the following way:

Stipules present only at the base of Pe A decurrent
for only a single internode, . . oie |. oaetatila
Torr 2. ee ea bupleurifolia var, bupleurifolia

Stipules present at the base of most leaves, frequently
decurrent for more than one internode, .... ‘
ec ecec ee ee eo we oo « GC bupleurifolia var. robusta

CROTALARIA BUPLEURIFOLIA var. ROBUSTA (Senn) Windler,
stat, nov,

Crotalaria pilosa var, robusta Senn, 1939, Vol. 41, p. 331.
Type locality: Temascaltepec, Cumbre de Tejupilco,
(Holotype: Hinton 2686 US!)

This variety was originally described by Senn under
Crotalaria pilosa because of its stipules which wing the stem
for more than one internode, However, the variety lacks the
terminal inflorescence and small flower size of C, pilosa,
Variety robusta's overall similarity to C, bupleurifolia var.
bupleurifolia in habit, inflorescence, and flower structure
were used to place the variety into C, bupleurifolia,

Representative specimens:

MEXICO,--Jalisco: 10 Km al N de La Cuesta, sobre el camino
a Talpa, 1,100 m, Rzedowski 15134 (MEXU); Mexico: Plaza de
Gallos, 1, 200 m, Hinton 4595 (GH, NY); Sinaloa: Km 1206 on
Mexico "awy. 40, ca, 30 mi, i. E of Mazatlan-Guadala jara Junction,
2.700 ftss Windler & Windler 2869 (NCU),

Literature Cited
Britten, J, and E, G, Baker
1897, Houstoun's Central American Leguminose, Journal of
Botany, 35:225-234, a
Candolle, A,P., and A, de
1841, Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire
Naturelle “de “Geneve, 9:97,
Fawcett, W, and A, Rendle
1920. Flora Jamaica, 5 Volumes, incomplete, London,

266 PHL? OLiocr ae Vol. 21, no.

Fernald, M, and B, Schubert
1948, Studies of American types in British Herbaria, IV,
Some species of Thomas Walter. Rhodora, 50:190-208,
Gmelin, J.
1792, in Caroli Linne....Systema Naturae, Tomus II,
7 volumes in 3 Tomes, Leipzig.
Humboldt, F., A. Bonpland, and C, Kunth,
1824, Voyage aux Regions Equinoctiales de Nouveau Continent
....Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, 7 volumes,
Paris,
Miler sib.
1768, The Gardeners Dictionary, Edition 8, London,
Schlechtendal, D, and A, Chamisso
1830, Plantarum Mexicanarum, Linnaea, Volume 5, 756 pages,
Berlin,
Senn, H,
1939, The North American species of Crotalaria, Rhodora,
41: 317-366,
Windler, D,
1970, Systematic studies in Crotalaria sagittalis and related
species, Unpublished dissertation, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 258 pages.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XXXVI

Harold N. Moldenke

ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl.

Additional & emended bibliography: L., Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 35 &
[536] (17h2), ed. 3 ["2"], 29 & [L21] (1743), ed. h, 29 & [50]
(1752), and ed. 6, 40 & [589] and Ord. Nat. P.p.5.I Bur. 176); J.
Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 96%--99%, pl. 66 [some copies]. 1769; Hope,
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. 59: 21-26, pl. 12. 1770; Druce,
Brit. Pl. List, ed. 2, 118. 1928; Druce, Camital Fl. 320. 1932;
Schipp, 1933—3h Pricelist 57. 193; Hausman, Begin. Guide Wild
Fls. ). 1948; Ohwi, Journ. Jap. Bot. 33: 211. 1958; Eden, McGill
Univ. Savanna Res. Ser. 1: 135--137 & 14. 1964; Majumdar, Bull.
Bot. Soc. Bengal 19: 15. 1965; Brummitt, Ind. Europ. Tax. Lit.
1965: 80. 1966; Datta & Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 20: 18 &
38—39. 1966; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9:
76 & 89. 1966; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 47: 75 (1966) and 8: xcii,
10097, & 10099. 1967; J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia, nouv. sér., 7:
302 & 329. 1967; Adam, Adansonia, nouv. sér., 8: 45. 1968; Ti-
wari, Indian Forest. 9: 579. 1968; Dandy, Watsonia 7: 168—17h,
Santapau & Shah, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 40. 1969;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587, 9023, 9629, & 11903. 1970; A-
non., Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): BASIC. S.2h, S32, Seu, S.70, &
S.71 (1970), 51 (16): BeAeSeIC. S225, Selb, Se7h, & S126 (1970),
51 (17): BASIC. S272 (1970), 51 (19): BeAS.I.C. S.75 (1970),
and 51 (21): BASIC. S225, S.75, & 5.122. 1970; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 20: 339--368 & hoh—h25. 1970; Lasser, Act. Bot. Venez. k:
35. 1970; Ehrendorfer, Taxon 19: 600. 1970; Anon., Assoc. Etud.
Tax. Fi. Afr. Trop. Index 1969: 26. 1970; Rogerson, Rickett, &
Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 97: 238. 1970; Amaratunga, Phyto-
logia 20: 63. 1970; D. P. Young, Biol. Abstr. 51: 10775. 1970;
Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex: [Lundell, Con-
trib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 20, 352--354, 1806, 182), 1838, &
1856. 1970; Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 7 & 9. 1970;
Lowden, Taxon 19: 85. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. Fitogeogr. Est. S.
Paulo 2: xii, »xodii, & xxv. 1970; Adam, Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr.
Noire A.32: 1003. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 50-510. 1971;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 52: 132, 71u, 719, & 1918. 1971; Anon., Biol.
Abstr. 52 (1): B.A.S.I.C. S.147 & S.175 (1971), 52 (2): B.A.S.I.C.
S.80, S.133, & $.251 (1971), 52 (3): S.78 & S.129 (1971), and 52
(kh): BA.S.I.C. S.26, S035, S077, & S165. 1971.

BLASTOCAULON Ruhl.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 340, 422, & 23.
1970; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587, 9023, & 11903. 1970; Anon.,
Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): B.A.S.I.C. Se2h, S232, & Solu (1970), 51 (16):
BeAeSoIeCe S.25, Selb, & Se7h (1970), 52 '(21): BASIC. S.25 (1970),
52 (2): BAS.l.C. S.27 & S.37 (1971), and 52 (lk): BASIC. 8.26,

267

268 PHYTO LOG D4 Vol. 21, no.

S.35, & S.77. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 50. 1971; Moldenke,
Biol. Abstr. 52: 719 & 1918. 1971.

BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (Gardn.) Ruhl.

Additional bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): B.A.S.I.
C. S.25. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 340. 1970; Moldenke, Biol.
Abstr. 51: 9023. 1970.

Mexia describes this plant as abundant, forming colonies, with
white flowers in May.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mexia 5779 (Go).

- CARPTOTEPALA Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): B.A.S.I.
C. S.2h, S.32, & Sel. 1970; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587.
1970; Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 9 & 52. 1970; Moldenke,
Phytologia 20: 30--31 (1970) and 20: 505. 1971; Moldenke, Biol.
Abstr. 52: 719 & 1918. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (2): B.A.S.I.
$.25, S37, S.50, & S.80 (1971) and 52 (k): BASIC. S26, Sed,
S.77, & S165. 1971.

CARPTOTEPALA JENMANI (Gleason) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 31. 1970;
Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 9 & 52. 1970.

COMANTHERA L. B. Sm.

Additional bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): B.A.S.I.
C. S.2h, S.32, & Sel (1970) and 51 (16): B.A.S.1.C. S46. 1970;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20:
246 (1970) and 20: 505. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 52: 719.
1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (2): BASIC. S.27, S.37, S.50,
S.80, & s.115. 1971.

ERIOCAULON Gron.

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulan Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51:
5587, sphalm. 1970. Eriocaulon (Vell.) L. B. Sm., in herb,

Additional & emended bibliography: L., Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 35 &
[536] (1742), ed. 3 ["2"], 29 & [h21] (1743), ed. h, 29 & [150]
(1752), & ed. 6, O & [589] and Ord. Nat. P.p.5.I.Bur. 176k; J.
Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 96%--99%, pl. 66 [some copies]. 1769; Hope,
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. 59: 241—2h6. 1770; Druce, Brit. Pl.
List, ed. 2, 118. 1928; Druce, Comital Fl. 320. 1932; Schipp,
1933--3 Pricelist 57. 193; Hausman, Begin. Guide Wild Fls. }.
1948; Ohwi, Journ. Jap. Bot. 33: 211. 1958; Eden, McGill Univ.
Savanna Res. Ser. 1: 14). 196; Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal
19: 15. 1965; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9:
76 & 89. 1966; J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia, nouv. sér., 7: 302 &
329. 1967; Tiwari, Indian Forest. 9h: 579. 1968; Dandy, Watsonia
7: 168—17, fig. 1—5. 1969; Santapau & Shah, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. 66: lO. 1969; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587, 9023,
9629, & 11903. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man, Vasc.
Pl. Tex. [Lundell, Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 353--35h,

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 269

1824, & 1856. 1970; Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 7, 9, &
52. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 34]—351, 356, 357, 364, Ol—
418, 20, & 422-25. 19703 Lowden, Taxon 19: 836. 1970; Angely,
Fl. Anal. Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo 2: xocli. 1970; D. P. Young,
Biol. Abstr. 51: 10775. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): B.A.S.
IC. S.70 & S.71 (1970), 51 (16): BASIC. S.25, S.7h, & $.126
(1970), 51 (17): BASIC. S.72 (1970), 51 (19): BASIC. S275
(1970), 51 (21): B.A.S.I.C. 8.75 (1970), 52 (2): BASIC. S237,
$.50, $.80, & S.1h5 (1971), and 52 (k): BeAS.I.C. S.26, S.35,
S.77, & S7165. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Anstr. 52: 719 & 1918. 1971;
Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 506 & 508. 1971.

The Degelius s.n. [l/VI/1958], distributed as Eriocaulon sp.,

is actually Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth.

ERIOCAULON AQUATICUM (J. Hill) Druce

Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon septangulare L. ex Mart., Nov.
Act. Physico-med. Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 17 (1):
11. 1835.

Additional & emended bibliography: J. Hill, Herb. Brit. 1:
96%—99%, pl. 66 [some copies]. 1769; Hope, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
Lond. 59: 241-26, pl. 12. 1770; Mart., Nov. Act. Physico-med.
Acad. Caes. Leopold.—Carol. Nat. Cur. 17 (1): ll, 22, 38, & 58,
pl. 2, fig. 2. 1835; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 280, 489, &
502--505. 1893; Druce, Brit. Pl. List, ed. 2, 118. 1928; Solomon,
Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 10: 139--14. 1931; Druce, Comital Fl.
320. 1932; R. M. Adam, New Fl. & Silv. 6, no. 1. 1933; Muenscher
Aquat. Pl. U. S. 192—195 & 367, fig. 8) H—J & 85 A&B, map 208.
1944; Hare, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 53: 422—l8, fig. 6—0,
pl. 22. 1950; Tomlinson, Jpurn. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 59: 169 &
173. 1964; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: [116],
9, 154, 155, 159--163, 168—172, 175--177, 186, 189, 190, & 192,
fig. 32 G-I & K, 35 J, & 36 L. 19693 Dandy, Watsonia 7: 168—17h,
fig. 1--5. 1969; R. G. West in Walker & West, Stud. Veg. Hist.
Brit. Isles 9. 1970; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587 & 9023. 1970;
Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 19—-20, 1, & 82. 1970; Mohlenbrock, Ill-
ust. Fl. Ill. Flow. Pl. Flow. Rush 29. 1970; D. P. Young, Biol.
Abstr. 51: 10775. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (19): B.A.S.I.C.
S.75. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex?
[Lundell, Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 353, 354, & 182). 1970.

Additional & emended illustrations: Mart., Nov. Act. Physico-
med, Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 17 (1): pl. 2, fig. 2.
1835; Hare, Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 53: [29, 32, 35), 437,
WhO, & 42, fig. 6--lO, pl. 22. 1950; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe,
Anat. Monocot. 3: 154, 168, & 176, fig. 32 G--I & K, 35 J, & 36 L.
1969; Dandy, Watsonia 7: 170, fig. 1. 1969.

The Martius (1835) reference cited above is often cited as
"1833", the date of its submission for publication, but Dr. J. H.
Barnhart says "I can find no evidence that this paper was publish-
ed until 1835".

This species has been regarded as properly named E. septangu-
lare With. up to the present in my publications. I have referred
from time to time in the past to the name Cespa aquatica J. Hill,

270 PE.Y T0406 LA Vol. 21, no. 4

but was unable to find incontrovertible evidence that it had been
published validly under the present rules of botanic nomenclature.
Now, however, the matter has been investigated thoroughly by Dandy
(1969) and his extremely important discussion of the matter:is re-
produced here for the benefit of readers who may not have the
journal in which he published his results available in their lib-
rary:

oein 1909 G. C. Druce drew attention to the existence in his
copy of Hill's Herbarium Britannicum (vol. 1: 1769) of an addi-
tional plate 66 illustrating, with dissections, a genus Cespa
with the single species C. aquatica (‘Water Turffwort'). The The spe=-
cies depicted was Eriocaulon septangulare, described under that
name by Withering in 1776, and so Druce on grounds of priority
published the new combination E. aquaticum (Hill) Druce. For some
reason Druce in his later works did not persist in the use of the
name E. aquaticum; thus in his British plant list ed. 2, 18
(1928), he retained the name E. septangulare (with E. aquaticum
cited as a synonym), and in his Comital Flora, 320 (1932), he used
the name E. septangulare without mention of E E. aquaticum. Possibly
he now thought his combination E. aquaticum “to be invalidated by

E. aquaticum Sagot ['Mss. in Herb. Sagot.'] ex Koern. in Mart.,

Fl. Brasil. 3 (1), 489 (1863); but this name was published only as

a synonym of E. melanocephalum Kunth and so cannot invalidate E.
aquaticum (Hill) Druce.

"The additional plate 66 present in Druce's copy of the Herbar-
ium Britannicum does not appear in all copies of the work; but at
the British Museum, Bloomsbury, and at the Linnean Society of
London there are copies which contain not only this additional
plate but also four additional pages of text (numbered 96%*—99+)
in which Cespa aquatica is described at length. These extra pages
and plate......were presumably not issued soon enough for inclu-
sion in all copies of the Herbarium Britannicum. According to
Hill's statement on p. 96% the plant concerned had been collected
in the previous year ('mense Septemb. anni elapsi') on the island
of Skye by James Robertson, and had been communicated to Hill,
with an illustration and description, by John Hope of Edinburgh.
Hope himself published an account of it in Phil. Trans. Lond. 59,
2h1--26, t. 12 (1770), in which he stated that it had been found
by Robertson in September 1768. Thus Hill's ‘anni elapsi' was
1768, so that his additional pages and plate were issued, or at
least printed, in 1769. Hill in any case died in 1775, before
Withering's publication of E. septangulare in 1776.

"Hope correctly placed the plant in Eriocaulon, but misidenti-
fied it with E. decangulare L., a species confined to North Amer-
ica. Hill, on n the other hand, treated it as forming a new genus,
Cespa, which, according to his footnote on p. 98%, he considered
to differ teem Eriocaulon in having the corolla 'depetala', Erio-
caulon being 'tripetalum'. Hope mentioned the plant's vegetative
resemblance to 'Calamaria Dill. Musc. Tab. 80' (Isoetes L.) in

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 271

which, however, a flowering stem was unknown; Hill's footnote on
p. 96% makes the same point."

All the discussion, therefore, given by me in these notes
previous to the present date under E, septangulare, including
bibliography, list of illustrations, and citations, should he
transferred to E. aquaticum.

“eg citations: ETRE: Galway:Co.: Anderberg s.n. [1/18/
1933] (Go).

ERIOCAULON AQUATILE Korn.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 33. 1970.

Irwin and Soderstrom describe this plant as an "aquatic herb,
in rushing water; heads gray, erect, emerging from water, infre-
quent", and found it at altitudes of 700--1000 geters.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Irwin & Soder-
strom 5822 (N). im

ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg,
Additional bibliography: J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia, nouv. sér.,
7: 302. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 3. 1970.

ERIOCAULON BILOBATUM Morong

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 7. 1970.

Breedlove found this plant growing in flat areas with forests
of Pinus, Quercus, and Arbutus and many small ponds, at 7500
feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in November.

Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Breedlove 188) (Rf).

ERIOCAULON BONGENSE Engl. & Ruhl.
Additional & emended bibliography: J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia,
nouv. sér., 7: 302 & 329. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 326. 1970.

ERIOCAULON CAPITULATUL Lioldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 346. 1970.

The species has been found growing on steep moist slopes with
Pinus, Quercus, and Arbutus, at 7900 fect altitude, flowering and
fruiting in November.

Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Breedlove 18780 (Z).

ERIOCAULOX CINEREUL R. Br.

Additional bibliography: Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 19:
15. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 31,6—-3,7. 1970.

Rogerson found this plant growing in moist rice-paddies, flow-
ering and fruiting in October.

Additional citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Rogerson
1099 (N).

ERIOCAULON COLLINUM Hook. f.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 37. 1970.
Koyama & Herat found this plant growing on the wet margins of
narrow streams in the bottom of swampy depressions in black Pat-

272 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

ana grasslands in Ceylon, in association with Fimbristylis monti-
cola and Carex arnottiana, at 7200 feet altitude, flowering and
fruiting in May.

Additional citations: CEYLON: Koyama & Herat 13641 (N).

ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man.
Vasc. Pl. Tex. (Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 353, 35h, &
182. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 347. 1970.

ERIOCAULON CRISTATUM Mart.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 348. 1970.

The species has been found growing in bogs, flowering and
fruiting in July.

apes citations: INDIA: Khasi States: Kingdon-Ward 18695
(N).

ERIOCAULON DALZELLII Korn.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 38. 1970.
Koyama reports this species as occasional in wet depressions
in black Patana grasslands, in association with Gentianella, at
7000 feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in March.
Additional citations: CEYLON: Koyama 13516 (N).

ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L.

Additional bibliography: Hausman, Begin. Guide Wild Fls. ).
1948; Dandy, Watsonia 7: 169. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 3)8—
349, hOk, & 41%. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): B.A.S.1.C.
S.7h. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex.
(Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 353 & 1824. 1970.

Henderson reports finding this plant growing in swampy road-
sides.

Additional citations: FLORIDA: Wakulla Co.: N. C. Henderson
64-245 (Go).

ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE f. PARVICEPS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 0h. 1970;
Anon., Biol, Abstr. 51 (16) 22 BisA S.0.0s. Se7h.| 1970.

ERIOCAULON DIANAE Fyson
Additional bibliography: Santapau & Shah, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. 66: lO. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 05. 1970.
Santapau & Shah (19695 record this species from Salsette Is-
land, India.

ERIOCAULON DIANAE var. LONGIBRACTEATUM Fyson
Additional bibliography: Santapau & Shah, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. 66: 40. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 405. 1970.
Santapau & Shah (19695 record this variety from Salsette Is-
land, India.

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 273

ERIOCAULON ELENORAE Fyson
Additional bibliography: Santapau & Shah, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. 66: 40. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 335—336. 1970.
Santapau & Shah (19695 record this species from Salsette Is-
land, India,

ERIOCAULON GIBBOSUM Korn.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 0708.
1970.

Irwin and his associates describe the flowering-heads of this
plant as "gray" and encountered the plant growing in periodically
flooded campos at 00 meters altitude.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Irwin, Souza, Grear,
& Reis dos Santos 16981 (Rf).

ERIOCAULON GIBBOSUM var. LONGIFOLIUM Korn.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 408. 1970.

Irwin & Soderstrom describe the flowering-heads of this plant
as "grayish" and found it to be common in muddy soil of periodic-
ally flooded meadows, flowering and fruiting in September.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Irwin & Soder-
strom 613 (N).

ERIOCAULON HERZOGII Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 10. 1970;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.2h & S.71. 1970m Mol-
denke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 5587. 1970.

ERIOCAULON HEUDELOTII N. E. Br.
Additional bibliography: J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia, nouv. sér.,
7: 302. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 410. 1970.

ERIOCAULON HOOKERIANUM Stapf
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 411. 1970.
The Clemenses found this species growing by pools in the open.
Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sarawak: Clemens
& Clemens 2009), (N).

ERIOCAULON HUMBOLDTII Kunth

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 11. 1970;
Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 9 & 52. 1970.

Irwin and his associates describe the inflorescences of this
plant as attaining a height of 1 meter, the heads being white, and
the plant growing in wet campos at 850 meters altitude, flowering
and fruiting in April.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Irwin, Grear, Souza, &
Reis dos Santos 1472 (Rf).

ERIOCAULON INFIRMUM Steud.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 12. 1970;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): B.A.S. I.C. S.7h. 1970.

27h Pon ¥T'0-L'0'G DA Vol. 21, no. 4

ERIOCAULON INFIRMUM var. KURZII (Fyson) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 112. 1970;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): B.A.S.I.C, S.7h. 1970.

ERIOCAULON KORNICKIANUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13. 1970;
Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. * Vase. Pl. Tex. (Contrib.
Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 353 é 182). 1970.

ERIOCAULON KUNTHII Korn.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13. 1970.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 22965 (N).

ERIOCAULON LASIOLEPIS Ruhl.

Emended synonymy: Lasiolepis brevifolia BUck., Flora 56: 90--
OL. dO7 36

Additional & emended bibliography: Bock., Flora 56: 90--91.
1873; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 258. 1969.

This species is said to be endemic to Malacca. Jackson (189))
credits, iG torind. ore.

ERIOCAULON LATIFOLIUM J. Sm.

Additional bibliog-:.phy: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 455.
1963; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 161, 172, &
189. "1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13; 25,29, 268, °& 262. 1970.

Graca Espirito Santo describes this plant as Nerva aquatica
anual, tufosa no leito pedregoso e cascalhento das linhas de
Agua corrente", says that it has white flowers, reports the com-
mon names "orf" and "futafula", and collected it in anthesis in
January.

The synonymous designation, E. rivulare G. Don, was based on
a G. Don sen. collection from a “rivulet near Freetown, Sierra Le-
one, deposited in the herbarium of the Royal Herticut eee Soci-
ety. in London.

26h (Ny. citations: REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Graca Espirito Santo
286 (N

ERIOCAULON LAXIFOLIUM Korn.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 600.
1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 290, 9h, & 506. 1863;
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 402 (189), pr.
2, 2: hO2 (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 402. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia
19: 73. 1969.

ERIOCAULON LEUCOGENES Ridl.
aida bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 66 & 73--7h.
1969.

Hoogland reports this species as "common in treefern grassland",
describes the flower-heads as white, and found the plant in anthe-
sis in July.

Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea:

Hoogland 9398 (N).

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 275

ERIOCAULON LIGULATUM (Vell.) L. B. Sm.

Additional & emended bibliography: Malme, Bih. Svensk. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 27 (3), no. 11: 32. 1901; Rambo, Sellowia 7: 2h8 &
283. 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13—1). 1970.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 22267 (N,
Rf), 22557 (Ac).

ERIOCAULON LINEARE Small

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 1) & 2.
1970.

Additional citations: FLORIDA: Leon Co.: N. C. Henderson 6u-
237 (Go).

ERIOCAULON LINEARIFOLIUM Korn.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 60l.
1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293, "198, & 507. 1863;
Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 32. 1970.

This plant has been found in flower and fruit in August.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach & Gui-
martes 21560 (Rf).

ERIOCAULON LONGICUSPE Hook. f.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 75 (1969)
and 19: 81. 1970.

ERIOCAULON LONGIPEDUNCULATUM H. Lecomte

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37) (197)
and 19: 75 & 93. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Mono-
cot. 3: 171--173, 186, & 189. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 417.
1970.

ERIOCAULON LONGIROSTRUM Alv. Silv. & Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 49) (198)
and 18: 271. 1969.

ERIOCAULON LUTCHUENSE Koidz,

Additional bibliography: Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 268. 1965;
Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 271--272 (1969) and 19: 250. 1970.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant name for this
plant, "okinawa-hoshi-kusa", and tells us that the plant differs
from E. sikokianum Maxim. only in "Receptacle quite glabrous;
floral bracts and calyces also not bearded; otherwise almost as
in the typical variety".

ERIOCAULON LUZULAEFOLIUM Mart.
Additional bibliography: Santapau, Excerpt. Bot. A.ll: 176.
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 1). 1970.

ERIOCAULON MACROBOLAX Mart.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 599.
1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): l8h--l85, 502, & 507, pl.
62, fig. 3. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 76—-77. 1969.

276 PubeYoTaOSar00G tek Vol. 2, now &

ERIOCAULON MAGNIFICUM Ruhl,

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 1298.
1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 77. 1969.

The Ule collection cited below was originally identified by
Ruhland as C. ulaei Ruhl.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Ule 1689 (Hg—
isotype) . ay

ERIOCAULON MAGNIFICUM var. GOYAZENSE Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 12948.
1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 33. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MAGNUM Abbiatti
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37h, 375, &
377 (1947) and 19: 77. 1969.

ERIOCAULON MALAISSEI Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 32) & 343—-
346, pl. 1. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): B.A.S.I.C. S.7h.
1970.

Illustrations: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 3), pl. 1. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MALAISSEI f. VIVIPARUM Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 16 (1969) and 19: 3l5--
346. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (16): BA.S.I.C. S.7h. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MATOPENSE Rendle
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 143 (199),
18: 256 & 279 (1969), and 19: 459. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MELANOCEPHALUM Kunth
: Emended synonymy: Lasiolepis aquatica Bock., Flora 56: 91—92.
1873.

Additional & emended bibliography: Bock., Flora 56: 91—92.
1873; Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 28-287, fig. 9
B 28. 1908; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 67: 87—89. 1957;
Stauffler, Excerpt. Bot. A.2: 84. 1960; Tomlinson in C. R. Met-
calfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 166, 180, 181, 16), 186, 187, & 191,
fig. 38 K. 1969; Dandy, Watsonia 7: 168. 1969; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 20: 14. 1970.

Additional illustrations: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2,
8: 285, fig. 9 B 28. 1908; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat.
Monocot. 3: 180, fig. 38 K. 1969.

Meikle believes that E. melanocephalum should be reduced to
synonymy under E. setaceum L. —— thus differing from Hess who
maintaing it as the proper name for what is usually called E. bi-
fistulosum Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg.

Hunt & Ramos describe E. melanocephalum as an "aquatic herb
rooted in mud in slow-moving or still water of pond, flower-heads
black, but 6 filaments white", flowering and fruiting in June..
Meikle identified their collection as E. setaceum L. Philcox &

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 277

Freeman call the plant a "floating aquatic; heads blue-black",
and found it flowering and fruiting in March.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hunt & Ramos 5909
(N); Philcox & Freeman 1,639 (N). o

ERIOCAULON MELANOCEPHALUM var. LONGIPES Griseb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1:319,
351, & 363 (1939) and 18: 301. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe,
Anat. Monocot. 3: 191. 1969.

ERIOCAULON MELANOCEPHALUM ssp. USTERIANUM Beauverd

Additional & emended bibliography: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss.,
sér. 2, 8: 284--287, fig. 9 B 15—27. 1908; Moldenke, Phytologia
19: 78. 1969.

Enended illustrations: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2,
8: 285, fig. 9 B 15--27. 1908.

ERIOCAULON MERRILLII Ruhl.

Additional bibliography: K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33.
1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 346, 420, 477, & 478 (1970) and
20: 31. 1970.

A vernacular name recorded for this plant in Sumatra is "si
landit tano",.

Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Boeea
10343 (N).

ERIOCAULON MESANTHEMOIDES Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 (197),
19: 346 & 487 (1970), and 20: 284. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MEXICANUM Moldenke

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1:
319—320, 350, & 360. 1939; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.13: 510.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 347. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MICROCEPHALUM H.B.K.

Additional bibliography: J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot.
13 (363): 489—l90. 1936; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 1h, 2h, & 25.
1970.

Sparre found this plant growing in marshland in the transition
zone to quebrada vegetation. Iltis & Ugent found it in wet
springy areas with huge hard cushions of Distichia mscoides,
Scirpus, and Gentiana, at 250 meters altitude,

Macbride (1936) cites F. W. Pennell 13864, Raimondi s.n., and
Weberbauer 2269 from Peru.

Additional citations: MEXICO: México: Pringle 13228 (Mi). EC-
UADOR: Carchi: Sparre 14260 (S). PERU: Cuzco: Iltis & Ugent 1257
(W—25)2293).

ERIOCAULON MIKAWANUM Satake & Koyama
Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon sikokiamum var. mikawanum (Sa-

278 PeH, ¥-T)0e590-G Tek Vol. 21, no.

take & Koyama) Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 269. 1965.

Additional bibliography: Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 269. 1965;
Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 307-308. 1969.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant Japanese name
'mikawa-inu-no-hige" for this plant and affirms that the plant is
known only from Tsukude Moor in Mikawa Province on Honshu Island,

ERIOCAULOGN MINUSCULUM Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 309. 1969;
G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1): 5). 1970.

ERIOCAULON MINUTISSIMUM Ruhl.

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 320,
351, & 355. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 187. 196; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 18: 309. 1969.

ERIOCAULON MIQUELIANUM Korn.

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon miquelianum var. miquelianun
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 269. 1965.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 49 (198)
and 3: 144. 1949; Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 266, 268, & 269. 1965;
Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 171 & 173. 1969;
penne Phytologia 19: 347, 348, 416, 45h, & 456 (1970) amd 20:

- 1970

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant "inu-no-hige" for
this species,

ERIOCAULON MIQUELIANUM var. ATROSEPALUM Satake

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1. 199;
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 269. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 311.
1969.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant name for this
plant, "takayo-inu-no-hige", states that the taxon differs from
typical E. miquelianum only in having the "heads few-flowered,
receptacle pilose, and pistillate calyxes blackish", and that it
occurs only in Uzen Province on Honshu Island,

ERIOCAULON MISERRIMUM Ruhl.

Additional & emended bibliography: Molcenke, Phytologia 1: 320,
351, & 355. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 92 & 186. 199;
Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 312. 1969.

ERIOCAULON MISERUM Korn.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 579, 58h,
& 607-608. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 293 & 503.
1863; Santapau, Excerpt. Bot. All: 176. 1967; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 19: 37. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MISSIONUM Castell.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 & 378
(1947) and 18: 313. 1969.
To be continued

OBSERVATIONS ON MENTZELIA IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

H. J. Thompson and Joyce Roberts?
Department of Botanical Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles

Our work on Mentzelia section Trachyphytum
(Loasaceae) has disclosed a number of new species
and indicated the necessity for several nomenclatural
changes. Some of these are presented here so that
they may be included in our contribution of the
Loasaceae in the new Manual of Southern California
Botany being prepared by Philip Munz. In addition,
some new chromosome numbers in Mentzelia are report-
ed in the cited specimens. All chromosome analyses
are from microsporocytes, and at least two indivi-
duals from each population were counted.

MENTZELIA CALIFORNICA Thompson & Roberts, sp. nov.

Herba erecta; folia rosulae irregulariter
lobata lobis longis acutis, superiores ovato-
lanceolatae; petala 5, lutea basi macula crocea,
ovata, 6-11 mm longa; stamina 5-6 mm longa; stylus
5-6 mm longus; capsulae recurvae, 1.5-3.5 cm longae;
semina irregulariter angulata, leviter tessellata,
papillis rotundatis vel subacutis.

Plant erect, branching habit spreading, stems
stout, 2-4 dm tall; leaves linear-lanceolate, rosette
leaves irregularly lobed with long, pointed lobes,
upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, fewer lobed or rarely
entire; flowers solitary in the axils and terminal,
opening in the morning; bracts entire, ovate-
lanceolate, not white at base; calyx lobes 4-6 mm
long, petals 5, 6-11 mm long, yellow with an orange
spot at base, ovate, apex acute or rounded; stamens
5-6 mm long; style 5-6 mm long; capsules narrowed at
the base, recurved to 180°, 1.5-3.5 cm long, about
1.5 mm wide; seeds irregularly angled, slightly
tessellate, the surface with medium, rounded to
Slightly pointed papillae; n=27. Holotype:
California, San Bernardino Co., 6.3 mi. south of
Salt Wells, Thompson 1644 (US; isotype LA).

Mentzelia californica can occur in mixed colo-
nies with M. albicaulis (n=36), M. veatchiana (n=27),
M. mojavensis (n=2?), and M. obscura (n=l). This

1. Publications and collections prior to 1970 as
Joyce Zavortink.

279

280 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 4

species hybridizes with M. mojavensis, but the
hybrids show reduced fertility with an average of

52% good pollen. Hybrids between M. californica and
M. veatchiana are completely sterile. Mentzelia
californica has usually been identified in herbaria
as M. albicaulis and has not been recognized as a
distinct species. Although it is similar to M.
albicaulis, M. californica differs in having larger
flowers, M. albicaulis has petals 2-6 mm long; longer
styles, those of M. albicaulis are 3-5 mm long; much
less pronounced papillae on the seed surface; ovate-
lanceolate bracts, while M. albicaulis has bracts
that are linear or lanceolate. Mentzelia californica
is also somewhat similar to M. jonesii (n=18) but the
two species do not occur together; M. californica has
a more northern distribution while M. jonesii occurs
in the more southern portions of the Mojave Desert,
the Colorado Desert, and north along the Colorado
River. Mentzelia californica is found on desert
Plains and roadside embankments with Larrea, Dalea,
and Lycium, below 3000 ft., in the northern Mojave
Desert, eastward into Nevada. Flowering period is
March through April.

CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., 1.1 mi. east of Salsbury Pass,
Thompson 3164, chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA); 4.3 mi.
east of Salsbury Pass, Thompson 3156, chromosome
voucher, n=27 (LA); Homewood Canyon, Zavortink 2812,
chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA); 1.2 mi. west of
Salsbury Pass, Zavortink 2479, chromosome voucher,
n=27 (LA); 1 mi. east of Salsbury Pass, Zavortink
2482, chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA). Kern Co.,
corner of Inyokern Rd. and Kay Ave., Zavortink 2475.
chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA); Searles Station,
Wheeler & Richardson in 1930 (LA). San Bernardino
Co., 1e5 Mi. South of Red Mt., Thompson 1601,
chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA); along U.S. 395 at Red
Mt. Road, Zavortink 2541, chromosome voucher, n=27
(LA). NEVADA: Lincoln Co., 1 mi. east of Panaca,
Thompson 3277, chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA).

MENTZELIA DESERTORUM (Davidson) Thompson & Roberts,
comb. nov.

Acrolasia desertorum Davidson. Bull. So. Calif.
Acad. Scie 5: lo. 1906. Holotype: Signal Mts.,
Colorado Desert near boundary, 30 Mar. 1901, T. G.
Brandegee (LAM!; isotype UC!).

Mentzelia desertorum occurs on fine, sandy
desert flats below 2000 ft. with Larrea, Encelia, and
Abronia. It is common throughout the Sonoran Desert
northward sporadically to extreme southern Inyo Co.
It is very similar to M. obscura, described below,

1971 Thompson & Roberts, Observations on Mentzelia 281

and often occurs in mixed colonies with M. albicaulis
(n=36) and M. obscura (n=18). Mentzelia desertorum
can easily be distinguished from M. albicaulis by
seed characters; M. obscura has smooth seeds, not
tessellate, while seeds of M. albicaulis are very
papillose and tessellate. When growing with M.
obscura, it can most easily be differentiated by its
very short, rounded leaf lobes, which are long and
pointed in M. obscura. Also, where the two species
grow together, M. obscura always has larger flowers
than M. desertorun. We have counted eighteen popula-
tions and are here reporting the chromosome number as
=9. Voucher specimens are in the US and LA herbaria;
representative specimens of which are:
CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co., 2.8 mi. west of
Cronise Valley along U.S. 466-91, Thompson 3143,
chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA). Riverside Co., along
U.S. 60, 20.1 mi. east of Desert Center, Zavortink
2672, chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA); along e ro
to Willis Palms, 3.4 mi. east of U.S. 99, Thompson
3014, chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA). San Diego Co.,
just east of Ocotillo Wells, Raven 16891, chromosome
voucher, n=9 (LA). Imperial Co., at Ogilby,
Zavortink 2682, chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA).
ARIZONA: Mohave Co., 5.2 mi. east of Topock along
U.S. 66, Zavortink 2721, chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA).

MENTZELIA EREMOPHILA (Jepson) Thompson & Roberts,
comb. nov.

Mentzelia lindleyi Torrey & Gray var. eremophila
Jepson. Man. Fl. Pl. calif. 650. 1925. Lectotype:
Kern Co., Randsburg, Hall & Chandler 6880 (JEPS!).
The type specimen cited by Jepson is "Hall & Chandler
6680", but this specimen is a Scirpus, not a Mentzelia,
There is a Hall & Chandler 6880 from Randsburg whic
fits the deScription given by Jepson, and we are
assuming the specimen number originally cited by
Jepson is probably a typographical error.

Mentzelia eremophila is very common along canyon
slopes of the eastern Margins of Kern Co. and the

northwestern corner of San Bernardino Co., in associa-
tion with Larrea, Yucca brevifolia, and Dalea, mostly
below 4000 ft. Although it has not previously been
recognized as a distinct species, it is nonetheless
readily distinguished from all other species of
Mentzelia. It has large flowers with petals over

-5 cm in length, a long style over 1 cm, and very
deeply and sharply lobed leaves, which has caused it
to be identified in many herbaria as M. lindleyi.
However, its entire bracts and recurved capsules,
together with its distinctive seeds (rounded with a
pronounced hilum) are very different from the lobed

282 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

bracts and erect capsules of M. lindleyi. Also, M.
lindleyi occurs only on serpentine slopes of
Foothret Wd. communities, while M. eremophila is
strictly a desert species. Chromosome numbers have
been ascertained from eight populations, with voucher
specimens in the US and LA herbaria, and the number
is reported here as n=9. Representative specimens
are:

CALIFORNIA: Kern Co., 5.7 mie northeast of U.S. 6
on road to Randsburg, Thompson 1599, chromosome
voucher, n=9 (LA); 1 mi. north of Atolia, Lewis in
1950, chromosome voucher, n=9 (LA); Last Chance
Canyon, Zavortink 2652, chromosome voucher, n=9
(LA); Red Rock Canyon, Zavortink 2653, chromosome
voucher, n=9 (LA); Mesquite Canyon, Zavortink 2656,
n=9 (LA) e

MENTZELIA JONESII (Urban & Gilg) Thompson & Roberts,
comb. nov. .
Mentzelia albicaulis (Hooker) Torrey & Gray var.

ears Urban & Gilg. Nova Acta Akad. Leop.-Carol.

: - 1900. Lectotype: Yucca, Arizona, Jones
3900 (POM!). Mentzelia albicaulis (Hooker) Torrey
& Gray var. spectabilis Jones. Contr. West. Bot.
12: 16. 1908. No type cited with original descri-
ption. Mentzelia nitens Greene var. jonesii (Urban
& Gilg) Darlington. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garde 21:
198. 1934. Mentzelia nitens Greene var. leptocaulis
darlington. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 155.
1934. Type: Williams Fork, Arizona, Palmer 157 (M).

Mentzelia jonesii is found in rather coarse
soil on desert plains and Slopes with Larrea, Yucca
brevifolia, Coleogyne, and Opuntia, often growing up

rou, desert shrubs, below 4000 ft., from south-
central Inyo Co. south throughout the Mojave Desert
and eastward to southern Nevada and western Arizona
along the Colorado River. This species often occurs
in mixed populations with M. obscura (n=18) and M.
albicaulis (n=36), but is easily distinguished by
its larger flowers and longer styles; M. jonesii
has petals longer than 8 mm, those of M. albicaulis
and M. obscura are less than 8 mm; the styles of M.

onesii are 6-10 mm while those of M. albicaulis and
M. obscura are 3-5 mm long. It differs from M.
obscura also in that the seeds of M. obscura are
Smaller, not tessellate, and have small pointed
papillae, while those of M. jonesii are tessellate
and have moderately sized papillae. Chromosome
numbers have been determined from eight populations
and the number is reported here as n=18. Although
artificial hybrids have been made in the laboratory
between M. Jjonesii and M. obscura, also n=18, they

1971 Thompson & Roberts, Observations on Mentzelia 283

are sterile with less than 2% good pollen. Voucher
specimens are in the US and LA herbaria; representa-
tive specimens are:

CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., Sheppard Canyon, Zavortink
2800, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA). San Bernardino
Co., along the road to Excelsior Mine, 19.4 mi. north
of Interstate 10, Zavortink 2776» chromosome voucher,
n=18 (LA). ARIZONA: Mohave Co., 11.1 mi. south of
Hoover Dam along U.S. 466-93, Thompson 3050, chromo-
some voucher, n=18 (LA).

MENTZELIA MOJAVENSIS Thompson & Roberts, sp. nov.
Herba erecta; folia rosulae rhache normale et
lobis brevibus rotundatis, superiores late ovato-
lanceolate, lobata; bracteae late ovatae, integrae
vel 3-5 lobatae, raro base macula dilute albidae;
petala 5, 6-8 mm longa, lutea basi macula crocea,
obovata vel ovata, apice acuto vel rotundato, raro
retuse; stamina 4-5 mm longa; stylus 4-5 mm longus;
Capsulae erectae vel recurvae, 1.2-2.5 cm longae;
semina parce tessellata, papillis aliquantum acutis.

Plant erect, the branching pattern moderately
spreading, the stems stout, 2-4 dm tall; rosette
leaves linear-lanceolate, medium in width, with short
to medium, rounded lobes, upper leaves broadly ovate-
lanceolate and rather sharply lobed, sometimes
slightly clasping at base; flowers solitary in the
axils and terminal, opening in the morning; bracts
broadly ovate, entire or 3-5 lobed, rarely with a
faint white area at base; calyx lobes 2-5 mm long;
petals 5, 6-8 mm long, yellow with an orange spot at
the base, obovate or broadly ovate, apex acute or
rounded, rarely retuse; stamens 4-5 mm long; style 4-
5 mm long; capsules narrowed at base, erect or re-
curved to 90°, 1.2-2.5 cm long, about 2-3 mm wide;
seeds irregularly angled, slightly or moderately
tessellate, the surface with somewhat pointed
papillae; n=27. Holotype: California, Los Angeles
Co., 15 mi. east of Lancaster on East Ave. J,

Zavortink 2520, chromosome voucher, n=27 (US; isotype
LA).

Mentzelia mojavensis occurs on desert plains and
roadside embankments ong the western margins of the
Mojave Desert in Los Angeles and Kern counties, below
3500 ft., with Larrea and Yucca brevifolia. It is
often found in mixed populations with M. veaten2og
(n=27), M. californica (n=27), M. obscura ;
and M. albicaulis (n=36). Hybrids between Me
mojavensis ana M. californica do occur, although the
aSSne Show lessened pollen fertility of around 53%
good pollen. Hybrids between M. mojavensis and M.

28h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no.

veatchiana are completely sterile with less than 3%
Good pollen. Hybrids between M. californica and M.
veatchiana produced in the laboratory are very
similar morphologically to M. mojavensis, and it is
conceivable that M. mojavensis has arisen from
hybridization between M. californica and M.
veatchiana. Hybrid swarms are very common where M.
mojavensis occurs with M. californica and M.
veatchiana. Flowering period is March through April.

CALIFORNIA: Kern Co., 2.7 mie west of U.S. 14 on the
Walker Pass Road, Zavortink 2552, chromosome voucher,
n=27 (LA); north of Rosamond, Zavortink 2555, chromo-
some voucher, n=27 (LA); 1 mi. west of Randsburg,
Thompson 1727 (LA). Los Angeles Co., 1.2 mi. south
of Hi Vista, Zavortink 2526, chromosome voucher, n=27
(LA); 3 mi. east of Palmdale, corner of Palmdale Blvd.
and 40th St. E, Thompson 1596 (LA). San Bernardino
Co., along U.S. 395 at Red Mountain, Zavortink 2543,

chromosome voucher, n=27 (LA).

MENTZELIA OBSCURA Thompson & Roberts, sp. nov.

Herba ramosissima; folia rosulae lobis longis
acutis, superiores ovata vel ovato-lanceolata,
plerumque integra; bracteae ovatae integraeque;
petala 5, 4-8 mm longa, lutea basi macula crocea,
ovata vel obovata, apice acuto; stamina 3-6 mm longa;
stylus 3-6 mm longus; capsulae recurvae, 1.3-3 cm
longae; semina parva, rotundata, non tessellata,
papillis parvis acutis.

Plant erect or spreading, many branched from
base, often compact and rounded; rosette leaves
linear-lanceolate with long, pointed lobes, irregu-
larly lobed, the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate,
usually entire; flowers solitary in the axils and
terminal, opening in the morning; bracts entire,
often appressed or cupped, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
not white at base; calyx lobes 2-5 mm long; petals 5,
4-8 mm long, yellow with an orange spot at base,
ovate or occasionally obovate, the apex rounded or
acute; stamens 3-6 mm long; style 3-6 mm long; cap-
sules recurved to 180°, narrowed at base, 1.3=-3 cm
long, about 1.5 mm wide; seeds more or less rounded,
light tan, not tessellate, the surface with very
slight, pointed papillae; n=18. Holotype:
California, Kern Co., 5.7 mi. northeast of U.S.6 on

road to Randsburg, Thompson 1600, chromosome voucher,
n=18 (US; isotype LA).

Mentzelia obscura is widely distributed through-
out the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts from northcentral

1971 Thompson & Roberts, Observations on Mentzelia 285

Inyo Co. south into Baja Calif., eastward into
western Arizona and Nevada, locally in Utah, in
disturbed areas along roadside embankments and desert
Plains with Larrea, Encelia, Yucca brevifolia, and
Dalea. It commonly occurs in mixed populations with
M. albicaulis (n=36), M. californica (n=27), M.
veatchiana (n=27), M. mojavensis (n=27), Me jonesii
(n=18), M. desertorum (n=9), M. nitens (n=9) an

M. eremophila (n=9). Hybrids between M. obscura and
species of different ploidy level are very difficult
to obtain even in the laboratory and are completely
sterile. As previously mentioned, artificial hybrids
between M. obscura and M. aes also n=18, are
also sterile, and no natur y occuring hybrids have
ever been found. Flowering period late Feb. = April.

CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., 2 mi. west of Panamint
Springs, Thompson 3160, chromosome voucher, n=18
(LA); Mesquite Springs, Wiggins 11550 (RSA).
Kern Co., 2.9 mi. east of China e, Thompson 1640,
chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); Last Chance Canyon,
Zavortink 2651, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); Red
Rock Canyon, Zavortink 2460, chromosome voucher, n=18
(LA). San Bernardino Co., Sheephole Summit, Raven
11875, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); 2.8 mi. west of
Cronese Valley, oe 3138, chromosome voucher, n=
18 (LA); 1.8 mi. south of Ivanpah, Zavortink 2475,
chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); 12.7 mi. east of Yermo
on road to Mt. Afton, Zavortink 2468, chromosome
voucher, n=18 (LA). Riverside Co., Fried Liver Wash,
Joshua Tree National Monument, Zavortink 2458,
chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); Corn Spring, Zavortink
2457, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA). Imperial Co.,
ong Rt. 78, 8.3 mi. south of the county line,
Zavortink 2676, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA).
NEVADA: Nye Co., Frenchman Flat, Raven 18881,
chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA). Clark Co., loel mi.
northwest of Indian Springs on road to Lathrop,
Raven 12049, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA). UTAH:

Tooele Co., Wendover, Mosquin 4332, chromosome
voucher, n=18 (LA). ARIZONA: Mohave Co., Willow
Wash near Yucca, Zavortink 2727, chromosome voucher,
n=18 (LA); 5.8 mi. south of Hoover Dam, Thompson

032, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA). Yuma Co., just
south of Parker Dam, Zavortink 2715, chromosome
voucher, n=18 (LA). MEXICO: se California, 15.5
mi. south of San Luis Gonzaga, Daniels 39, chromosome
voucher, n=18 (LA).

MENTZELIA RAVENII Thompson & Roberts, sp. nov.
Herba erecta, ramis e basi pluribus; folia
rosulae lobis brevibus rotundatis, rhache lata;

286 PH Y.T10/L/0:G 0a Vol. 21, no.

bracteae late 3-5 lobatae basi albidae, appressae;
petala 5, lutea basi macula crocea, obovata, apice
retuso, 5-10 mm longa; stamina 3-7 mm longa; stylus
4-7 mm longus; capsulae erectae, 1.4-2.3 cm longae;
semina irregulariter angulata, parce tessellata,
papillis rotundatis.

Plant erect, branching pattern spreading, stems
stout, several branched from base, 2-4 dm tall;
rosette leaves linear-lanceolate but broad, with
short rounded lobes, upper leaves more ovate-lanceo-
late with fewer, sharp pointed lobes, broad at base;
flowers solitary in the axils and terminal, opening
in the morning; bracts broadly 3-5 lobed with a white
area at the base, usually broader than long; petals
5, 5-10 mm long, yellow with an orange spot at base,
obovate, the apex retuse; stamens 3-7 mm long; style
4-7 mm long; capsules erect, narrowed at base, 0.9-
2.3 cm long, about 3 mm wide; seeds irregularly
angled, slightly to moderately tessellate, the
surface with rounded papillae; n=18. Holotype:
California, Los Angeles Co., San Gabriel Mts., 4.3
mi. south of Pearblossom, Raven 11959 (US). This
species has been named in honor of Professor Peter
H. Raven, Stanford University, in recognition of his
many collections of specimens and cytological
material of Trachyphytum species in general and his
collections of this species in particular which have
aided the authors in determining the species limits.

Mentzelia ravenii occurs along roadside embank-
ments and canyon slopes associated with Larrea and
Yucca brevifolia, in desert margin areas in Los
Angeles County and western Riverside County. This
species is rare both in nature and in herbaria. Most
herbaria specimens have been variously referred to M.
gracilenta, M. veatchiana, or M. montana. Mentzelia
ravenii occurs Commonly with M. veatchiana (n=27) and
though similar to the latter species, can be differ-
entiated on the basis of the following; M. ravenii has
yellow petals while the desert populations of M.
veatchiana are usually deep orange; M. ravenii has a
Spreading branching habit in contrast to the strict
pattern of M. veatchiana; the bracts of M. ravenii
are much broader and often somewhat clasping, while
those of M. veatchiana are narrow and not clasping.
Flowering period is March through April.

CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles Co., 3.9 mi. southeast of
Pearblossom on road to Valyermo, Thompson 3044,
chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); Big Rock Creek Road to
Los Angeles County Playground, Craig as (uC);

along the Pearblossom Road near marker sO7s

1971 Thompson & Roberts, Observations on Mentzelia 287

Zavortink 2446, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA); 1 mi.
South of Pearblossom on road to Little Rock Dan,
Zavortink 2445, chromosome voucher, n=18 (LA);

So Canyon, Zavortink 2558, chromosome voucher,
n=18 (LA). Riverside CO., a2 mi. north of

Alberhill, Thompson 1613, chromosome voucher, n=18
(TA)s

MENTZELIA TRIDENTATA (Davidson) Thompson & Roberts,
comb. nov.

Acrolasia tridentata Davidson. Bull. So. Calif.
9: 71. 1910. Type: California, Inyo Co., banks
ra Haiwee pola © Hasse & Davidson 2460, Apr.
26, 1910 (LAM!). Mentzelia Eriouspis Gray var.
brevicornuta Johnston. Univ. ca e Publ. Bot. 7:

GGG. 1922. Type: T. S. Brandegee, Barstow,
California, May 14, 1903 (UC).

Acrolasia tridentata Davidson has been recog-
nized by previous monographers (as in Darlington,
1934) as a synonym of M. tricuspis var. brevicornuta
Johnston, and identified in herbaria as this species
or as M. involucrata. Mentzelia tridentata differs
from Me involucrata in that it does not have white
bracts, and in that respect it is similar to M.
tricuspis. However, the lateral cusps of the stamens
are much shorter than the central cusp in M.
tridentata, while the lateral cusps are longer than
the central cusp in M. oe The seeds of M.
tridentata are more Similar hose of M. involucrata
than they are to M. tricus ay they are roun
and broadest at the middle, constricted on both
faces above and below the middle, while the seeds of
M. tricuspis are ovate, broadest at the top, and
constricted at the middle. The plants of M.
tridentata are usually much smaller in general than
M. tricuspis, less than 1 dm. Mentzelia tridentata
is quite restricted in range to buttes around the
Barstow-Daggett area of San Bernardino County and
the type locality in Inyo County. Flowering period
is March through April. The chromosome number has
been determined for several individuals from one
population and is reported here as n=10.

CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co., buttes north of
oleh Thompson 3566, chromosome voucher, n=10
LA

MENTZELIA TRICUSPIS Gray. Chromosome number for
this species is reported here also for the first
time as n=10.

CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co., 1 mi. west of

Havasu Landing, Thompson 3590, chromosome voucher,
n=10 (LA). NEVADA: Clark Co., along Lone Mt. road,

288 Bi hid TO On GeTich, Vol. 21, no. 4
5-3 mi, west of U.S. 95, Thompson 3573, chromosome

voucher, n=10 (LA).

MENTZELIA REFLEXA Coville. Chromosome number is also
reported here for the first time as n=10.

CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co., Death Valley north of

Furnace Creek, Thompson 3157, chromosome voucher,
n=10 (LA); Panamint Springs, Thompson 3161,
chromosome voucher, n=10 (LA).

References Cited

Darlington, Josephine. 1934. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 21: 204 1934.

~~ we

< _PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

Vol. 21 June, 1971 No. 5

ROBINSON, H., A revised classification for the orders and families

ASML = Oy LWA Se fete sew int Savcs hang Bis uke etn ews 289
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XXXVI. A new genus, Neobartlettia ........ 294
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XXX VII. The genus Hebeclinium .......... 298
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XXXIX. A new genus, Guayania........... 302
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XL. The genus, Urolepis ................ 304
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XLI. The genus, Eupatoriastrum ........... 306
FEDDEMA, C., Re-establishment of the genus Aldama (Compositae-
PURMUMIESRNO Ede ohne" 8 gOS CIS ia ata i Kon va wx cule epee ea 308
DEGENER, O. & I., Some Aleurites taxa in Hawaii and a note
Nae Se RS gE SEER ME SSA ce ge, ee 315
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Hierobotana. II .... 319
DEGENER, O. & I., Pritchardia and Cocos in the Hawaiian Islands .... 320
RUDD, V. E., Studies in the Sophoreae (Leguminosae)I ........... 327
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of the
a ah 8 fT ae eat ae hs Sn nr 328
I Th 1s OO PONEWE Se PSS oe an Sameera a te 349
: MOLDENKE, H. N., Two new varieties of pipewort .........+++-+> 352
~ Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
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4 Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
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| Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7.50, in advance,
LIBRAKT or $8, at close of volume Wa
‘eW YORE \

OTANICAL

A REVISED CLASSIFICATION FOR THE ORDERS

AND FAMILIES OF MOSSES

Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

The present paper is partly in response to many requests
by non-bryologists for a listing of higher categories of mosses,
but also, it seems advantageous to have a listing that can be
used in conjunction with the recent list of orders and families
of hepaticae by Schuster (1966). Thus, I take the opportunity
to provide the following version that incorporates some recent
evolutionary evidence and some personal opinion.

The general history of moss classification is given by
Dixon (1932) and there are some more recent comments by
Schaffner (1938) and Steere (1958). The history shows the early
use of three orders, Sphagnales, Andreaeales and Bryales. Later,
additional orders were recognized by Fleischer, Brotherus and
Dixon and in the last author's work the Bryales were divided
into Tetraphidales, Calomniales, Schistostegales, Buxbauminales,
Polytrichales, Fissidentales, Grimmiales, Dicranales, Syrrhopo-
dontales, Pottiales, Encalyptales, Orthotrichales, Funariales,
Eubryales, Isobryales, Hookeriales, and Hypnobryales. My own
views fall between these extremes and are rather conservative.

Regarding the higher categories, I recognize a single
Division, Bryophyta, which I consider a natural group. Aside
from the lack of vascular tissue, I would distinguish this
natural group by the unbranched sporophyte which I consider to
be derived from branched sporophytes of a non-bryophyte ancestor.
For the basic subdivision between the hepatics and the mosses I
recognize two prime characters, (1) the elongation in the base
of the apically mature sporophyte in the former group versus the
strictly apical growth in the latter, and (2) the tendency for
fusion in gametophyte tissues (perianths, leaves, etc.) in the
former versus strict separation of vegetative parts in the
latter.

At lower levels of classification I accept Sphagnum and its
fossil relatives as distinct at the subclass level. The most
useful distinction of the group seems to be the difference in
the ultimate divisions of the leaf cells. The five orders I
recognize in the subclass Bryidae reflect a reduction in the
comparative status of the Andreaeales which I do not consider
more distinct than the Tetraphidales. These two orders I view
as rather primitive, and the fact that they and Sphagnum all
have thalloid or other non-filamentous aspects to their proto-
nemata seems significant. What has been called Bryales I recog-

289

290 PHITOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

nize as four orders. The previous major subdivisions of the
Bryales compare as follows: Nematodonteae becoming two orders,
Tetraphidales and Polytrichales, and Arthrodonteae becoming two
orders, Dicranales (=Haplolepideae) and Bryales (=Diplolepideae).
In this arrangement I would place the Polytrichales mich closer
to the Dicranales and there is no one character that will
distinguish all the genera of these two orders. I find the
peristome of the Polytrichaceae to be completely different in
origin from that of other mosses and probably a more recent
development. The Dawsoniaceae which are in the same order
retain a peristome of a more primitive type.

At the family level I have adopted some changes proposed by
Andrews for the Leucobryaceae (1947) and Rhytidiaceae (1954). I
retain the Leptostomataceae which Andrews (1951) placed in the
Bryaceae. The following arrangement of the families allows for
certain similarities that may or may not indicate relationships.
I have placed the Schistostegaceae with the Mitteniaceae on the
basis of observations of the protonemata of Mittenia by Stone
(1961, 1962). Two personal opinions are represented in my
placement of the Fissidentaceae and the Hookeriaceae. As I
intend to indicate elsewhere, I regard the leaf form of the
Fissidentaceae as the product of a rather simple evolutionary
process, and I place the family close to the Dicranaceae. I
place the Hookeriaceae with other families, many members of
which share such characters as a median furrow on the outer
surface of the peristome, short or double costae, and almost
undifferentiated alar cells. This Hookeroid-Hypnoid complex I
consider quite distinct from either the strongly castate
Leskeoid-Brachythecioid complex or the Pterobryoid—Neckeroid
complex that often shows preperistome development.

Division Bryophyta
Class Bryatae
Subclass Sphagnidae
Order Protosphagnales
Family Protosphagnaceae (fossil)
Family Intiaceae (fossil)
Order Sphagnales
Family Sphagnaceae
Subclass Bryidae
Order Andreaeales
Family Andreaeaceae
Order Tetraphidales
Family Tetraphidaceae (=Georgiaceae)
Order Polytrichales
Family Polytrichaceae
Family Dawsoniaceae
Order Dicranales
Family Archidiaceae
Family Ditrichaceae

1971

Robinson, Revised classification of mosses 291

Family Bryoxiphiaceae

Family Seligeriaceae

Family Grimmiaceae (including Ptychomitriaceae)

Family Fissidentaceae (including Archifissidentaceae)

Family Dicranaceae (including part of Leucobryaceae)

Family Dicnemonaceae

Family Pleurophascaceae

Family Calymperaceae (including part of Leucobryaceae)

Family Pottiaceae (including Trichostomaceae,
Cinclidotaceae, Splachnobryum)

Family Bryobartramiaceae

Family Encalyptaceae

Family Buxbaumiaceae

Family Diphysciaceae

Order Bryales

Family Rhacitheciaceae
Family Erpodiaceae

Family Helicophyllaceae
Family Orthotrichaceae

Family Gigaspermaceae
Family Disceliaceae
Family Ephemeraceae
Family Funariaceae
Family Splachnaceae

Family Schistostegaceae
Family Mitteniaceae

Family Drepanophyllaceae
Family Calomniaceae

Family Eustichiaceae
Family Sorapillaceae

Family Timmiaceae

Family Bryaceae

Family Leptostomataceae
Family Mniaceae

Family Aulacomniaceae
Family Meeseaceae
Family Catoscopiaceae
Family Bartramiaceae

Family Rhizogoniaceae
Family Spiridentaceae
Family Hypnodendraceae
Family Hypopterygiaceae
Family Rhacopilaceae

292 PiR VercOciOncE A Vol. 2, no. 5
Family Fontinalaceae

Family Wardiaceae
Family Hedwigiaceae
Family Cryphaeaceae
Family Leucodontaceae
Family Cyrtopodaceae
Family Prionodontaceae
Family Lepyrodontaceae
Family Rutenbergiaceae
Family Trachypodaceae
Family Myuriaceae
Family Pterobryaceae
Family Meteoriaceae
Family Phyllogoniaceae
Family Neckeraceae
Family Lembophyllaceae

Family Climaciaceae
Family Pleuroziopsidaceae

Family Echinodiaceae

Family Fabroniaceae

Family Leskeaceae (including Theliaceae, Thuidiaceae)
Family Amblystegiaceae

Family Brachytheciaceae (including Rigodium)

Family Entodontaceae
Family Plagiotheciaceae

Family Ephemeropsidaceae (=Nemataceae)

Family Hookeriaceae (including Pilotrichaceae)
Family Ptychomniaceae

Family Symphyodontaceae

Family Leucomiaceae

Family Sematophyllaceae

Family Hypnaceae (including Rhytidiaceae)
Family Hylocomiaceae

Family Hydropogonaceae
Literature Cited

Andrews, A. Leroy 1947. Taxonomic notes VI. The Leucobryaceae.
The Bryologist 50: 319-326.

. 1951. Taxonomic notes X. The family Leptostomaceae.
The Bryologist 54: 217-223.

1971 Robinson, Revised classification of mosses 293

Andrews, A. Leroy 1954. Taxonomic notes XII. The families
Rhytidiaceae and Hylocomiaceae. The Bryologist 57: 251-261.

Dixon, H. N. 1932. Chapter XIV. Classification of mosses.
397-412. in Fr. Verdoorn ed. Manual of Bryology. 486 pp.
Martius Nijhoff, The Hague.

Schaffner, J. H. 1938. The natural orders of the true mosses.
The Bryologist 41: 57-63.

Schuster, R. M. 1966. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North
America—East of the Hundredth Meridian. Vol. 1. 822 pp.
Columbia University Press, New York.

Steere, W. C. 1958. Evolution and speciation in mosses.
The Amer. Natur. 92: 5-20.

Stone, Ilma G. 1961. The gametophyte and sporophyte of Mittenia
plumla (Mitt.) Lindb. Aust. Journ. of Bot. 9(2): 124-151,
DL 1-4.

. 1962. The highly refractive protonema of Mittenia
plumula (Mitt.) Lindb. (Mitteniaceae). Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict.
7h: 119-124.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XXXVI.

A NEW GENUS, NEOBARTLETTIA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

Among the Critonioid genera of the Eupatorieae, there are
three that are notable for often having hairs on the surface of
the receptacle. Two of these, Hebeclinium (King & Robinson,
1971) and Decachaeta (King & Robinson, 1969) have been recog-
nized in part since Decandolle (1836), The third genus,
Neobartlettia, occurring primarily in the lowlands of Central
America, is named as new here.

The new genus shows a number of trends which help in the
recognition of most of the species. These include the usually
long slender petioles of the leaves, the usually numerous hairs
on the backs of the corolla lobes, the usually more papillose
style branches, and the usually slender inornate anther collars.
The characters that prove most diagnostic in the accurate
delimitation of the genus are the full sized anther appendages
without recurved margins, the convex or short conical receptacle,
the short broad lobes of the corolla and the distinctive slightly
swollen carpopodium. Though the carpopodia show differences
between the various species, there is a basic uniformity of
design. In its most: frequent form the lower tapering part is
made up of shorter rather thin-walled, sometimes enlarged cells
which are only slightly differentiated from the upper more
elongate cells, and the upper cells form a swollen area around
the base of the achene and upward along the bases of the ribs.
= a few species such as N. ehrenbergii, N. pinabetensis and

- paezense the carpopodium is a narrower rim but with cells
a not differentiated from those at the bases of the ribs.

Neobartlettia proves to include most of the species that
have been placed in the genus Hebeclinium during the second half
of the 19th century. The genera are rather closely related
though they can be told very easily by the shape of the
receptacle. The receptacle of Hebeclinium is distinctly hemi-
spherical.

We have placed another group of related species in a
separate genus, Guayania. This latter genus is distinguished
primarily by its very asymmetric carpopodia and its usually
cymose inflorescences.

Neobartlettia R.M.King and H.Robinson, genus novum Asterace-
arum (Eupatorieae). Plantae frutescentes vel subarborescentes
laxe ramosae. Folia opposita plerumque longe petiolata, laminis
ellipticis vel late ovatis. Inflorescentiae plerumque laxae

29h

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Neobartlettia 295

corymbosae. Involucri squamae 20-50 inaequilongae 3-4-seriatae
anguste lanceolatae vel oblongae; receptacula plana vel convexa
pauce vel dense pubescentia. Flores 20-150 in capitulo, corollae
violaceae vel albae infundibulares, cellulis plerumque angustis,
parietibus sinuosis, lobis aequilateraliter triangularibus, intus
glabris extus plerumque dense setiferis saepe glanduliferis;
filamenta antherarum in parte superiore longissima, cellulis
quadratis vel rectangularibus, parietibus inornatis, cellulis
exothecialibus plerumque subquadratis vel brevioribus, appendi-
cibus antherarum longe triangularibus vel late ovatis; styli
inferne non-nodulosi glabri, appendicibus tenuibus vel anguste
clavatis sublaevibus vel breviter papillosis; achaenia prismatica
5-costata glabra vel pauce setifera raro glandulifera, costae in
parte inferiore et carpopodia pauce vel valde inflata, cellulis
carpopodiorum inferne quadratis superne elongatis, parietibus
tenuibus; pappus setiformi uniseriatus, setis 30-40 gracilibus
scabris persistentibus, cellulis apicalibus acutis.

Species typica: Eupatorium tuerckheimii Klatt.

Chromosome number determined as 2n = 20 (Holmgren, 1919;
N. sordida, reported as Eupatorium ianthinum).

We take great pleasure in naming this new genus of very
showy plants in honor of Harley Harris Bartlett. The senior
author was fortunate to have known this great botanist person-
ally for a brief period. The life and works of Bartlett have
been summarized by Voss (1961).

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
nineteen species.

Neobartlettia brevipetiolata (Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt) R.M.King &
-Robinson, comb. nov. Hebeclinium brevipetiolatum Schultz-
Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884. Mexico.

Neobartlettia constipatiflora (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium constipatiflorum Klatt, Ann. Naturh.
Hofms. Wien 9: 355. 1894. Mexico.

Neobartlettia ehrenbergii (Hemsl.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium ehrenbergii Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Am. Bot.
2: 94. 1881. Guatemala, Mexico.

Neobartlettia hastifera (Standl. & Steyerm.) R.M.King & H.Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatorium hastiferum Standl. & Steyerm.,
Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 22: 303. 1940. Guatemala.

Neobartlettia hylobia (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. patorium hylobium B.L.Robinson, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 249. 1904. Mexico.

296 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

Neobartlettia karwinskiana (A.P.Decandolle) R.M.King & H.Robin-
son, comb. nov. fupatorium karwinskianum A.P.Decandolle,
Prodr. 5: 163. 1836. Mexico.

Neobartlettia luxii (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. upatorium luxii B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36:
480. 1901. Guatemala.

Neobartlettia maxonii (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium maxonii B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 54:
251. 1918. Panama.

Neobartlettia mexiae (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium mexiae B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. 104:
20. 1934. Brazil.

Neobartlettia oresbia (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium oresbium B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad.
35: 337. 1900. Mexico.

Neobartlettia oresbioides (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium oresbioides B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 44: 618. 1909. Guatemala, Mexico.

Neobartlettia paezense (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium paezense Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28: 574.
1901. Colombia.

Neobartlettia pansamalensis (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,

comb. nov. Eupatorium pansamalense B.L.Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 36: 482. 1901. Guatemala, Mexico.

Neobartlettia pinabetensis (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium pinabetense B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 36: 482. 1901. Guatemala, Mexico.

Neobartlettia platyphylla (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium platyphyllum B.L.Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 35: 339. 1900. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico,
Panama.

Neobartlettia prionophylla (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium prionophyllum B.L.Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 36: 484. 1901. Costa Rica, Guatemala.

Neobartlettia ruae (Standl.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium ruae Stand]l., Ceiba 1: 49. 1950. Honduras.

Neobartlettia sordida (Less.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium sordidum Less., Linnaea 4: 403. 1831. Mexico.

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Neobartlettia 297
Neobartlettia tuerckheimii (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.

nov. Eupatorium tuerckheimii Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 95. 1884.
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.

References

Decandolle, A.P. 1836. Ordo. CII. Compositae. Prodr. Syst. Nat.
5: 4-695.

Holmgren, J. 1919. K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 59, No. 7.

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1969. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compo-
sitae). XVI. A monograph of the genus Decachaeta DC.
Brittonia 21: 275-284, 397.

and . 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
XXXVII. The genus Hebeclinium. Phytologia 21: 298-301.

Voss, E.G. 1961. Harley Harris Bartlett. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
88(1): 47-56.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XXXVII.

THE GENUS HEBECLINIUM

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The Eupatorian species with hair or chaff on the receptacles
have often been segregated into a separate genus or section,
Hebeclinium. Like many other segregates previously recognized
in the Eupatorieae, this concept of Hebeclinium is somewhat
artificial. Some species such as Polyanthina nemorosa (1970)
and Urolepis hecatantha (1971) have no close relationship. Also,
hairs are found occasionally on receptacles of many species in
such genera as Fleischmannia and Critonia. Still, most species
of Eupatorieae with prominent hairs on the receptacles belong to
a related group of three genera, Decachaeta (1969), Hebeclinium,
and Neobartlettia (1971).

This related group of three genera may be considered
Critonioid in the broad sense having smooth surfaced corolla
lobes and simple style bases. The three genera are rather
distinct, however, in having usually slender anther collars with
mostly inornate cells, and usually having many distinct hairs on
the outer surfaces of the corolla lobes. Decachaeta is distinct
by the short anther appendages with recurved margins, and all
but one species of Decachaeta have alternate leaves. Decachaeta
is entirely Mexican and Central American in distribution.
Neobartlettia is most obviously distinct from Hebeclinium in its
less convex, conical or even flat receptacles. Neobartlettia
occurs primarily in Mexico and Central America with some South
American species.

In seeking a more concise understanding of Hebeclinium and
its relatives, we have taken vertical sections through the
receptacles of a number of species. In almost all the species
of Hebeclinium the very highly convex receptacle is composed
internally almost entirely of sclereids. The massive outer
layer is many cells thick and breaks off rather easily. Only
one species, H. guevarae, has been seen with considerable
parenchyma in the receptacle and the outer layer of sclereids
only one or two cells thick. The receptacles of both Decachaeta
and Neobartlettia characteristically have a large core of

parenchyma.
Hebeclinium A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 136. 1836.

Plants erect, sparsely branched, herbs or subshrubs. Leaves
always opposite, distinctly petioled, blades broadly ovate to
deltoid, often serrate. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle. In-

298

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Hebeclinium 299

volucre of 25-40 lanceolate phyllaries; in 3-5 series; receptacle
hemispherical, barely to densely hairy; 20-80 flowers per

head; corollas narrowly tubular, 5-lobed, outer surface of cor-
olla glabrous below, lobes usually longer than wide, usually
with prominent multicellular uniseriate hairs and a few glands;
inner surface of four species with numerous mltiseptate hairs;
stomates absent; anther collar often slender composed of rather
thin walled inornate cells, many quadrate cells in lower part.
Anther appendage rather large with large cells; style base with-
out enlarged node, glabrous. Stylar appendage very narrow
throughout, only slightly mamillose. Achenes prismatic, 4-5
ribbed, setae sometimes present, carpopodia scarcely distinct,
only a few rows of short cells at edge, area of longer upper cells
merging with sides of achene and extending up ribs, pappus of ca
30-L0 scabrous setae, apical cells pointed. Chromosome number
determined as X = 10 (Powell and King, 1969).

Type species: Eupatorium macrophyllum L.

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
eleven species.

Hebeclinium bullatissimum (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Supatorium bullatissimum B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. n.s. 73:6. 1924. Ecuador.

Hebeclinium cuatrecasasii (R.M.King & H.Robinson) R.M.King & H.
Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium cuatrecasasii R.M.King &
H.Robinson, Sida 3: 324. 1969. Colombia.

Hebeclinium erioclinium (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium erioclinium B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 54: 243. 1918. Colombia.

Hebeclinium guapulense (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium guapulense Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Colombia, Ecuador.

Hebeclinium guevarae (R.M.King & H.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatorium guevarae R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Sida 3: 322. 1969. Colombia.

—_—_ CEES

comb. nov. Eupatorium hygrohylaeum B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. n.s. 17: 19. 1926. Costa Rica.

Hebeclinium hygrohylaeum(B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,

Hebeclinium jajoense (Aristeguieta) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium jajoense Aristeguieta, Fl. Venez. 10: 200.
1964. Venezeula.

300 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

Hebeclinium macrophyllum (L.) A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 136.
1836. Eupatorium macrophyllum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1175. 1763.
Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South America (Col-
ombia-Argentina) .

Hebeclinium phoenicticum (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,

comb. nov. Eupatorium phoenicticum B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. n.s. 60: 26. 1919. Colombia.

Hebeclinium sericeum (H.B.K.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium sericeum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 110. ed.
fol. 1818. Colombia.

Hebeclinium torondoyense(Badillo) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium torondoyense Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez.
Cienc. Nat. 9: 189. 1944. Colombia, Venezeula.

Species excluded

H. atrorubens Lem. = Neobartlettia sordida

1

. brevipetiolata Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt =
Neobartlettia brevipetiolata

H. ehrenbergii Schultz-Bip. ex Hemsl. = Neobartlettia ehrenbergii
H. hecatanthum A.P.Decandolle = Urolepis hecatantha

H. ianthinium Hook. = Neobartlettia sordida

H. liebmanniae Schultz-Bip. ex Hemsl. = Decachaeta perornata

H. macrocephalum Benth. = Neobartlettia ehrenbergii

H. megalophyllum Lem. = Neobartlettia ?

H. panamense Carr. = Neobartlettia sordida

H. sordidum Schultz-Bip. ex Koster = Neobartlettia sordida

H. tepicanum Hook. & Arn. = Critonia hebebotrya

H. tetragonum Benth. = Fleischmannia microstemon

H. urolepis A.P.Decandolle = Urolepis hecatantha

H. vitifolium Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt = Eupatoriastrum triangulare

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Hebeclinium 301

Note on the genus Decachaeta. The following species is to
be added to those in the recent monograph of the genus (King &
Robinson, 1969). The species is similar to D. thieleana but is
distinct by its opposite leaves and less numerous glands.

Decachaeta perornata (Klatt) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
upatorium perornatum Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Mexico.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant GB - 20502 to the senior author.

References

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1969. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compos-
itae). XVI. A monograph of the genus Decachaeta DC.
Brittonia 21: 275-284, 397.

& 1970. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae). XXXI.
A new genus Polyanthina. Phytologia 20: 213-214.

& 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
"XXXVI. A new genus Neobartlettia. Phytologia 21: 294-297.

& 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
XL. A new genus Urolepis. Phytologia 21: 304-305.

Powell, A.M. & R.M.King 1969. Chromosome numbers in the Compos-
itae. Colombian species. Amer. J. Bot. 56(1): 116-121.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XXXIX.

A NEW GENUS, GUAYANIA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The present new genus is established for four species of the
Guayana Highland Region that appear very different from each
other vegetatively, but which show great uniformity in most
other characters. The convex to conical receptacles, corolla
lobes densely hairy outside, anther collars slender with inornate
cells, style branches with distinct short papillae and the style
bases being plain, mark the group as related to Neobartlettia
(King & Robinson, 1971). The four species treated here are
distinguished from Neobartlettia by their very asymmetrical
carpopodia which have their foramens completely to one side. The
species of Guayania have fewer flowers per head than most species
of Neobartlettia, but some of the latter genus such as N.
hastifera (Standl. & Steyerm.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, fall within
the range. A distinguishing character for at least two species
of Guayania is the distinctly cymose inflorescence. The
inflorescence of a third species, G. penninervata, has been
described as a panicle (Wurdack, 1953) and the underdeveloped
specimen we have seen shows only tendencies to be cymose. The
fourth species, G. yaviana, is described as densely corymbose
and we have not seen any material.

The type species, G. roupalifolia, is widely distributed on
the tepuis of the eastern and central Guayana Highlands Region
and has very distinctive elliptical to obovate leaves with blunt-
ly acute apices and tapering bases. This species has been
considered closely related to G. yaviana which is also from
higher elevations in the central highlands. Still, relationship
to G. cerasifolia of lower elevations to the west seems as close.
Guayania penninervata, also of lower elevations, is not known
from enough collections for careful evaluation.

The new genus is the only one in the Eupatorieae that is
endemic to or centered in the Guayana Highlands.

Plantae frutescentes laxe ramosae. Folia oppo-
sita breve vel longe petiolata, laminis ellipticis vel late
ovatis valde penninervatis herbaceis. Inflorescentiae
aliquantum vel valde cymosae. Involucri squamae 12-25 inaequi-
longae 3-4-seriatae lanceolatae vel oblongae; receptacula conica
glabra. Flores 5-25 in capitulo; corollae violaceae vel albae
infundibulares, cellulis plerumque angustis, parietibus sinu-

302

Guayania R.M.King & H.Robinson, genus novum Asteracearum
(Eupatorieae) .

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Guayania 303

osis, lobis aequilateraliter triangularibus intus glabris extus
dense setiferis non-glanduliferis; filamenta antherarum in parte
superiore longissima, cellulis quadratis vel rectangularibus,
parietibus inornatis, cellulis exothecialibus plerumque subquad-
ratis vel brevioribus, appendicibus antherarum longe triangular-
ibus vel late ovatis; styli inferne non-nodulosi glabri, append-
icibus tenuibus breviter papillosis; achaenia prismatica 5-cost-
ata pauce setifera; carpopodia valde asymmetrica, cellulis
inferne quadratis superne elongatis, parietibus tenuibus; pappus
setiformi uniseriatus, setis 30-40 gracilibus scabris persistent-
ibus, cellulis apicalibus acutis.

Species typica: Eupatorium roupalifolium B.L.Robinson.

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
four species.

Guayania cerasifolia (Schultz-Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatorium cerasifolium Schultz-Bip. ex
Baker, Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(2): 308. 1876. Brazil, Colombia,

Venezeula.

Guayania penninervata (Wurdack) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium penninervatum Wurdack, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 8(2):
145. 1953. Venezeula.

Guayania roupalifolia(B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
noy. Hupatorium roupalifolium B.L.Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad.
55:° 30. 1919. Eupatorium tepuianum Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot.
28: 638. 1953. British Guiana, Venezeula.

Guayania yaviana (Lasser & Maguire) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium yavianum (Lasser & Maguire) Lasser & Mag-
wire, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 15: 106. 1954. Eupatorium
angulicaule Lasser & Maguire, Brittonia 7: 88. 1950, non
Eupatorium angulicaule Schultz-Bip. ex Baker. Venezeula.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.

Reference

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster-
aceae). XXXVI. A new genus, Neobartlettia. Phytologia

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XL.

THE GENUS, UROLEPIS.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The name Urolepis is here raised to generic rank to accomo-
date the single species, U. hecatantha. The most distinctive
feature of the genus is the greatly enlarged pubescent receptacle.
Nearly as distinctive are the stylar appendages with long dense-
ly imbricate papillae. The carpopodium with its enlarged thin-
walled cells and swollen upper part is also useful as a character,
along with the enlarged blunt tipped apical cells of the pappus
setae. The combination of characters given is more than adequ-
ate to set this genus apart from others.

The genus, Urolepis, is not easily placed among others in
the Eupatorieae. The glabrous unenlarged style base and smooth
corolla lobes might be Critonioid but the style branches and
highly annulated anther collars would be unusual for that group.
The species has been placed in Hebeclinium which is a Critonioid
genus, but the latter has a smaller receptacle, cells of the
anther collars without annular thickenings, corolla lobes with
hairs on the back, style branches smooth, and pappus setae comp-
letely different. The style branches of Urolepis are like those
of Ayapana and the numerous flowers on a hairy receptacle are
reminiscent of the Ayapana related Polyanthina. Nevertheless,
these Camploclinioid genera have enlarged style bases and very
distinct carpopodia and do not seem closely related. The closest
relatives of Urolepis are undoubtedly among the as yet unassigned
species of southern Brazil and adjacent areas. A species placed
in section Urolepis by Baker, Eupatorium trichobasis has a prom-
inent pubescent receptacle, annulated anther collars, and the
same type of enlarged blunt apical cells on the pappus setae.

The achene is also rather similar but the carpopodium much less
distinct. This latter species is very different, however, in the
papillose inner surfaces and margins of the corolla lobes and

the shorter more erect papillae of the style branches, and the
relationships seem distinctly Gyptoid. It hardly seems necessary
to indicate that the genus Eupatorium is only remotely related
being distinguished by hairs on the base of the style among other
things. It is only the crudest kind of taxonomy that Urolepis
has resided under the name Eupatorium for so long.

Urolepis (A.P.Decandolle) R.M.King H.Robinson, new status.
Hebeclinium section Urolepis A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 136.
ie) a
30h,

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Urolepis 305

Eupatorium section Urolepis [ A.P.Decandolle] Baker in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 6(2): 364. lave.

Coarse herbs or subshrubs, sparingly branched. Leaves op-
posite, distinctly long petioled, blades broadly deltoid, dent-
ate or denticulate. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle. Invol-
ucre of ca 50 long appendaged phyllaries in 3-4 series; recept-—
acles subglobose, densely short pubescent; 100-150 flowers per
head; corollas narrowly tubular, 5-lobed, outer surface of cor-
olla glabrous below, lobes slightly longer than wide with a few
short stalked glands externally; stomates absent; extreme tips
of lobes papillose; inner surface of corolla glabrous; cells of
corollas slender with very sinuous walls. Anther collar slender,
composed of mostly rectangular cells with numerous transverse
thickenings. Anther appendage rather large with large cells.
Style base without enlarged node, glabrous. Stylar appendage
narrow throughout, with very long slender imbricated papillae.
Achenes prismatic, 4-5 ribbed, with occasional short stalked
glands, carpopodia very distinct, tapering, composed of elongate
mostly thin walled cells, upper cells of carpopodium and lower
cells of ribs much enlarged. Pappus of ca 20 scabrous setae,
enlarged near the tips, apical cells very blunt.

Type species: Hebeclinium hecatanthum A.P.Decandolle.

Urolepis hecatantha (A.P.Decandolle) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
noy. Hebeclinium hecatanthum A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 136.
1836. Hebeclinium urolepis A.P.Decandolle, Prodr. 5: 136.
1836. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XLI.

THE GENUS, EUPATORIASTRUM.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

A critical review of Eupatoriastrum reveals a natural group
of three species characterized by large many flowered heads with
interspersed paleae, by somewhat shortened anther appendages,
and by broadly triangular to nearly orbicular leaves which are
larger and sometimes deeply cleft nearer the base of the plant.
The diversity between the three species in size, form of leaves,
corolla pubescence, anther appendages, and details of the pappus
and carpopodium indicates thoroughly distinct lines of develop-
ment. Corolla structure and the short sometimes grooved anther
appendages suggest closest relationship to the large genus Koan-

ophyton.

Eupatoriastrum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 93. 1903.

Shrubs or subshrubs, few branched. Leaves opposite, petio-
led, blades deltoid or ovate, basal leaves sometimes deeply
lobed, margins serrate. Inflorescence a very loose panicle.
Involucre of ca. 50 phyllaries in 3-5 series; receptacle highly;
100-300 flowers per head, 100-300 pales per head. Corollas tub-
ular, 5-lobed, outer surface of corolla glabrous below, lobes
about as long as wide with short stalked glands, with or without
setae, tips slightly papillose; stomates absent; inner surface
of corolla tube glabrous. Anther collar slender composed mostly
of rectangular cells with numerous transverse thickenings; anther
appendages short, composed of rather large cells. Style base
without enlarged node, glabrous; stylar appendage somewhat en-
larged especially near the tip, mammillose. Achenes prismatic,
4-5 ribbed with numerous setae, carpopodia distinct, of quadrate
cells with thin or slightly thickened walls. Pappus of 15-35
scabrous setae, apical cells acute.

Type species: Eupatoriastrum nelsonii Greenm.

Chromosome number not determined.

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
three species.

Eupatoriastrum angulifolium (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium angulifolium B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. n.s. 65: 46. 1922. Guatemala, Mexico.
306

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Eupatoriastrum 307

Eupatoriastrum nelsonii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 93. 1903.
El Salvador, Mexico.

Eupatoriastrum tr are (A.P.Decandolle) B.L.Robinson, Contr.
Gray Herb. n.s. 68: 34. 1923. Bulbostylis triangularis A. P.
Decandolle, Prodr. 7: 268. 1838. Eupatorium vitifolium
Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884. Mexico.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.

RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GENUS ALDAMA
(COMPOS ITAE-HELIANTHEAE)

Charles Feddema

Forest Service Herbarium

ALDAMA and A. dentata were described as new by La Llave
and Lexarza (1824) from plants collected near Cérdoba in
Veracruz, Mexico. Lessing (1830, 1834) assigned a Schiede
collection from near Jalapa (225) to Aldama dentata and in
the earlier paper included a description of the genus and
species and drawings of floral and inflorescence details.
He described A. dentata as erect while noting that La Llave
had described it as procumbent. DeCandolle (1836) trans-
ferred A. dentata to his new Gymnopsis, a broadly conceived
genus in which he included species now assigned to various
other genera. DeCandolle also described as new, G.
schiedeana, referring to the Schiede collection. He de-
scribed G, dentata as erect and having a conical receptacle
but G. schiedeana as procumbent and having a convex recep-
tacle. Bentham and Hooker (1860) accepted both of these
species but considered them best assigned to Sclerocarpus,
and Hemsley (1881) made the new combinations. Since that
time Aldama has been included in Sclerocarpus by most
authors although application of the binomials has varied
widely.

The two genera, Sclerocarpus, as typified by S. africanus,
and Aldama, as typified by A. dentata, are superficially
similar. Both have neutral ray flowers with yellow ligules
and perfect tubular disk flowers. In both genera the re-
ceptacular bract completely surrounds the mature marginal
disk achene and becomes somewhat thickened and sculptured.
The bract in Aldama, however, remains relatively thin and
pithy and is easily removed from about the achene while the
bract in Sclerocarpus becomes thick and hard and difficult
to remove. There are a number of other significant differ-
ences between Aldama and Sclerocarpus suggesting strongly
that they be considered distinct. These are indicated in
the following table.

1971

Feddema, The Germs Aldama 309

Major Characters Differentiating Aldama from Sclerocarpus

Aldama

Leaf blade lanceolate; margin
entire or minutely denticulate.
Petiole short.

Involucre biseriate; bracts
dark or brownish, appressed
to the flowers.

Receptacle convex.

Ray flowers with short tube
and linear-oblong ligules.

Ray achenes loculate, thin-
walled, flattened when dry.

Disk flowers with definite
short tube, 10-nerved;
lobes short, deltoid,
unbearded.

Anthers brownish, exserted
at anthesis; connective
short, deltoid.

Style short, the branches
flattened, broadest just
below the apex.

Mature marginal disk achenes
often radially compressed-
trigonous.

Mature marginal receptacular
bracts thin, chartaceous-
pithy, corrugate, wrinkled or
pitted, sometimes with 2
prominent lateral ribs.

Chromosome number, N = 17.

Sclerocarpus

Blade ovate-trullate or deltoid;
margin coarsely toothed or
dissected. Petiole long.

Involucre uniseriate or rarely
biseriate; bracts green,
spreading or reflexed.

Receptacle ovoid or conical.

Ray flowers with long tube,
the ligules ovate to orbicular.

Ray achenes usually fleshy
throughout, often twisted when

dry.

Disk flowers without definite
tube, mostly 5-nerved; lobes
long-lanceolate, often dark
bearded within.

Anthers yellow, usually retained
in the corolla; connective long-
lanceolate.

Style long, the branches terete,
attenuate.

Mature marginal disk achenes
usually subterete or somewhat
laterally compressed.

Mature marginal receptacular
bracts thick and sclerified,
rarely tough and fibrous,
usually with raised tubercles,
occasionally with low long-
itudinal ribs.

Chromosome numbers, N = ll, 12,
14, 18.

310 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

Study of a duplicate of Schiede 225 indicates that it is
assignable to Aldama dentata. La Llave's description of A.
dentata as procumbent may be explained by the condition of
plants which may survive well beyond the normal growing sea-
son. A. dentata was described as flowering in March. At
this time of the year in Cérdoba, where the type was col-
lected, plants of the previous year may occasionally be
found with the apex having died back or having been grazed
and with only one or a few procumbent basal branches remain-
ing. These sometimes root at basal nodes leaving little ev-
idence of the original stem and roots. DeCandolle's de-
scription of the receptacle of Gymnopsis (Aldama) dentata as
conical and that of G. schiedeana as convex is probably due
to the different appearance of the receptacle when young and
after maturity. While the flowers are maturing, the recep-
tacle is convex. After the achenes and receptacular bracts
are shed, the drying receptacle constricts marginally, forc-
ing the center of the disk higher. Plants from northern
South America, usually identified as Sclerocarpus coffeacola
Klatt are also assignable to Aldama dentata although speci-
mens from this region tend to be smaller and have smaller
heads than those from Mexico and Central America. All the
specimens of Aldama examined can be assigned to the single
species, Aldama dentata.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

ALDAMA La Llave & Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. 14. 1824.
Type species: Aldama dentata La Llave & Lexarza.
Gymnopsis DC., Prodr. 5:461. 1836. (In part).
Sclerocarpus. (Of authors, in part).

Erect herbaceous annals, strigose-hispidulous; branching
opposite below, alternate above; leaves lanceolate, short-
petiolate, blade shallow-toothed or subentire; heads numer-
ous, radiate, often long pedunculate; receptacle chaffy,
convex or drying conoid; involucre campanulate, biseriate;
involucral bracts subfoliaceous, appressed to the disk flow-
ers; ray flowers neutral, sterile, the achenes thin-walled,
locular, flattened when dry; disk flowers perfect, fertile,
the corolla tubular, 10-nerved, with definite tube and limb;
stigmas somewhat flattened, broadest below apex; mature re-
ceptacular bracts enclosing the achenes and shed with them;
mature marginal receptacular bracts radially or laterally
compressed, thick, pithy, the surface prominently pitted
and ridged; achenes black, pappus a low crown of basally
fused bristles, a low ridge or absent.

1971 Feddema, The Genus Aldama

ALDAMA DENTATA La Llave & Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. 14. 1824.
Type: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Cérdoba: "...in inundatis rivuli
Huehueyapa S. Josephi del Corral." (Holotype not seen,
possibly not extant).

Gymnopsis dentata (La Llave & Lexarza) DC., Prodr. 5:561.
1836.

Gymnopsis schiedeana DC., Prodr. 5:561. Type: MEXICO:
VERACRUZ: "...inter segetes ad margines dumetorum
Jalappam, Jun," G. Schiede 225 (Holotype probably at
HAL, isotype MO!).

Sclerocarpus dentatus (La Llave & Lexarza) Benth. & Hook.
f. ex Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 2:164. 1881.

Sclerocarpus schiedeanus (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl.
Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 2:164. 1881.

Sclerocarpus kerberi Fourn., Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 20:183.
1883. Type: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Cérdoba, 31 Jul 1882.
E. Kerber 19 (Holotype M; isotype K!; type fragment F:).

Sclerocarpus coffeaecolus Klatt., Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wein. 9:360. 1895. Syntypes: COLUMBIA (VENEZUELA):
Valle de Aragua, Hacienda Palmar de San Matthes, E.
Otto 811 (7?) (Holotype probably at W, not seen,
isotype GH!; type fragment US!); Moritz 25, no date or
locality (Holotype probably at W, not seen); Grosourdy
1862, without collection number or locality (Holotype
probably at W, not seen). (Isotype of E. Otto 811 (7)
here designated Lectotype: GH!).

Sclerocarpus schiedeanus var. elongatus Greenm., Proc.
Am. Acad. 32:309. 1897. Syntypes: MEXICO: VERACRUZ:
Wartenburg, near Tantoyuca, 1895, L. C. Ervendberg 98,
99 (GH!); MORELOS: fields around Cuernavaca, 31 Oct
1896, C. G. Pringle 6606 (GH! MICH! MO! NY! US! VT‘).
(Isotype of Pringle 6606 here designated Lectotype:
MO!).

Gymnolomia acuminata Blake ex Robinson., Proc. Am. Acad.
49:505. 1913. Type: MEXICO: TAMAULIPAS: "prope
Gémez Farias," 13-21 Apr 1907, E. Palmer 582 (Holotype
GH!; isotypes F! NY! US!). cE) a

312 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, nos 5

Sclerocarpus elongatus (Greenm.) Greenm. & Thompson.,
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1:412. 1915.

Erect annuals, sometimes long-lived, (0.3) 0.7-1.5 (2.5)
m. tall, mostly strigose-hispidulous; leaves opposite below,
alternate above, (1) 4-8 (14) cm. long; petioles 2-15 m.
long; blades linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, scabrous
to substrigose above, strigose-hispidulous beneath, mostly
minutely few-toothed, apex acute-acuminate, rarely obtuse,
base cuneate or rounded; heads numberous, (3) 6-10 (13) m.
high, solitary, terminating the branches or 2-3 together,
the terminal one sometimes with peduncles 7-13 cm. long;
involucre biseriate, campanulate, mostly 5-9 mm. high; outer
involucral bracts elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, scabrous to
strigose, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes squarrose,
often dark veined; inner involucral bracts mostly equaling
in number and subtending the rays, usually longer and broader
than the outer bracts, the apex often obtuse or rounded; ray
flowers 5-7 (11), ligules linear-oblong (2.5) 8-13 (18) m..
long, mostly shallow-toothed, ray achenes epappose or with
minute scales on the angles; disk flowers (8) 20-70, the
corolla (2.5) 4-6 mm. long, yellow-orange, the lobes some-
times reddish; mature receptacular bracts 2.4-3.5 mm. long,
brownish, purple or mottled, laterally compressed or the
marginal ones radially compressed-trigonous with thickened
lateral ribs, the surface mostly glabrous, shallowly wrinkled
or with deep pits and prominent irregular ridges; bracts of
the central disk to 8 mm. long, tubular or laterally com-
pressed with an apical tooth surpassing the corollas; achenes
of the marginal disk flowers 2-3.5 mm. long, obovoid-fusiform,
trigonous or laterally compressed and narrowly and obliquely
obovoid, pappus mostly minute or absent, rarely a short scale
or tooth.

Two varieties of Aldama dentata are distinguishable. In
addition to the typical variety, three collections from west-
ern Michoac4n and southeastern Jalisco represent a previously
undescribed variety. These varieties may be distinguished by
means of the following key.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF ALDAMA DENTATA

Outer involucral bracts conspicuously shorter than the
inner; apex of the inner bracts mostly obtuse or rounded;
peduncles mostly strigose-pilose with appressed or spread-
ing hairs mostly less than 1.5 mm. long. .....+-2-. -
Peek Gees es MOE OR eee. « « ele Wate nEREe

1971 Feddema, The Genus Aldama

Outer involucral bracts subequal to the inner; apex of
the inner bracts narrowly acute or strongly acuminate;
peduncles with coarse spreading hairs mostly more than
1.5 mm. long . . «© « «© © © © 0 © © © ote ~6(VEE. samorensis

1. ALDAMA DENTATA La Llave & Lexarza var. DENTATA.

This variety is variable and widespread. It is somewhat
weedy in habit and sometimes is a dominant species in fallow
grain fields. It is usually shorter than the following va-
riety often not exceeding one-half meter in height.

Distribution: Eastern Mexico including southern Tamaulipas
and Veracruz; central Mexico, including Querétaro, México and
Morelos; western Mexico, including Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima,
and Michoac4n; southern Mexico including Puebla, Oaxaca and
Chiapas; British Honduras, Honduras, Guatemala and Northern
Venezuela.

Chromosome number: N = 17 (Feddema 1541, 1556, MICH).

2. ALDAMA DENTATA La Llave & Lexarza var. ZAMORENSIS Feddema,
var. nov.

Var. hirsuta, pilis plerumque 1-3 mm. longis; involucri
bracteae interiores anguste acutae vel forte acuminatae;
receptaculum plerumque ovatum; marginis disci paleae matureae,
purpureae, laevigatae, vel leviter aspero-corrugatae; radiorum
achaenia epapposa vel pappus vix 0.1 mm. longus.

Type: MEXICO: MICHOACAN: 27 km SE of Zamora, 16 Aug 1961,
Feddema 1724 (Holotype MICH).

Pubescence of the younger portions of the stem, branches
and peduncles mostly hirsute with stiff, spreading hairs
1.5-3.0 mm. long with prominent, yellowish bases; receptacle
low-convex or ovoid-conoid when living, becoming strongly
ovoid-conoid after the fall of the achenes; inner involucral
bracts only slightly longer than the outer, the apex nar-
rowly acute or strongly acuminate; exposed adaxial surface
of the involucral bracts with mostly suberect, yellowish
hairs mostly more than 1.4 mm. long; ray achenes epappose
or with a pappus only suggested by low irregularities
apically on the angles; mature marginal receptacular bracts
mostly laterally compressed, rarely a few radially com-
pressed, the surface mostly slightly irregularly wrinkled,
usually without prominent, wing-like ribs laterally; mar-
ginal disk achenes epappose or with the pappus reduced to a
low collar or irregular rim.

Chromosome number: N = 17 (Feddema 1724 MICH).

314 P Bot T0016 4 Vol. 21, no. 5

Other specimens examined: MEXICO: JALISCO: 1 mi. W. of
Ayo el Chico, 23 Aug 1958, R. McVaugh 17208 (MICH);
MICHOACAN: 2 mi. E. of Zamora, 6 Aug 1960, R. M. King 3645
(MICH, NY, TEX, US).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to express appreciation to Dr. Rogers McVaugh for
assistance given during the course of this study, and to
Dr. F. J. Hermann and Dr. Tod F. Stuessy who read the manu-
script.

LITERATURE CITED

Bentham, G. and J. D. Hooker. 1865. Genera Plantarum.
2:364.

Candolle, A. P. de. 1836. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis
Regni Vegetabilis. 5:566.

Hemsley, W. B. In: Godman and Savin. 1881. Biologia
Centrali-Americana. Botany. 1:364.

La Llave, P. and J. Lexarza. 1824. Novorum Vegetabilium
Descriptiones. 1:14.

Lessing, F. C. 1830. Synanthereae. In: Schlechtendal,
D. de and A. de Chamisso., Plantarum Mexicanarum a cel,
viris Schiede et Deppe collectarum. (Continuatio
prima.) Linnaea 5:128-164; table II.

- 1834. Compositae. In: Schlechtendal, D. de.,
De Plantis Mexicanis a G. Schiede M. Dre. collectis
nuntiam adfert a D. F. L. De Schlechtendal. (Con-
tinuatio.) Linnaea 9:263-272.

SOME ALEURITES TAXA IN HAWAII
AND
A NOTE REGARDING ARGEMONE

Otto & Isa Degener

Due to Dr. B.C. Stone's wanderlust and resulting peregrina-
tions from the University of Hawaii to the Smithsonian, then
to the College of Guam, and now to the University of Malaya at
Kuala Lumpur, our plans, agreeable to us three by letter to
jointly describe a "mango-leaved" taxon of Aleurites, went a-
wry. In fact, even the small specimen we had mailed him on
loan as type and cotypes is presumably stored in some forgot-
ten herbarium cabinet in one of the above institutions and
presently beyond reach.

Now we two find the new taxon named in Pacific Science as a
nom. nud. As agreed by past correspondence (much pertaining to
Plants hi has been deposited in the Hunt Botanical Library in
Pittsburgh), we three validly name this novelty as follows:

ALEURITES MOLUCCANA var. KATOI Degeners & Stone. A var. moluc-
cana folia lanceolata differt.
KATO KUKUI, MANGO-LEAVED KUKUI

Aleurites moluccana var. katoi Degeners & Stone nom. nud., ex
Stone in Pac. Sci. 21:553. 1967.

The variety katoi differs mainly from the var. moluccana in
bearing lanceolate leaves occasionally widened by two obscure
lobes near base of blade.

As stated on page 553, the taxon "is named for Mr. Tadayuki
Kato of Kauai High School, who has been very helpful to me and
to other visiting botanists. The holotype specimen, taken from
the tree on the grounds of Kauai High School in Lihue, is at
the Bishop Museum (Stone 3427, collected on 15 April 1960)."
That "A further specimen collected by Dr. Degener is also a-
vailable" is not strictly correct. Otto & Isa Degener 23,956
was collected by Mr. Hans W. Hansen from a cultivated tree on
Kauai on Sept. 24, 1955. Whether Degeners 23,956 of 1955 and
Stone (collected with Kato according to herbariun sheet label)
3,427 of 1960 are from the same tree, we do not know. Accord-
ing to Mr. Hansen, his plant was a cultivated one and was said
to be native to Samoa.

In Hawaiian and most other Polynesian dialects, typical
Aleurites moluccana is known as "kukui" or some variant of
this spelling. In English it is often called the "candlenut
tree," referring to its former use as a source of light. The

315

316 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

Kato kukui, with its unusual "mango leaves," is conspicuous
and attractive. So by this time it may be seen cultivated here
and there about residences and in parks.

AIEURITES MOLUCCANA var. REMYI (Sherff) Stone, the Remy kukui,
is a reduction made in the same publication by Stone of A. r
Sherff in Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 17:558. 1939. We early followed
Dr. Sherff, printing an illustrated description of this taxon
in our Flora Hawaiiensis. After studying a large series of
sheets of Aleurites recently, we noted that both the remyi and
the katoi tendencies occur in various islands of the South Pa-
cific. We now tend to the belief that Stone's interpretation
may be the superior one.

The first paragraph of Stone's page 552 is obviously gar-
bled: The "mango-leaved" kukui (var. katoi) with practically
no lobes is obviously not the same as the "Kona" kukui (var.
remyi) with very narrow lobes.

ALEURITES MOLUCCANA var. AULANII Deg. & Deg. var. nov. Arbor
semenibus circa 23 mm. latis.
AULANI KUKUI, SMALL-SEEDED KUKUI

This hitherto undescribed variety has seeds about 23 mm.
wide, 15 mm. thick and 20 mm. high; while the ubiquitous var.
moluccana has them commonly 30 mm. wide, 23 mm. thick and 30
mm. high. The type is Deg. & Deg. 32,481. Collected in Kukui-
haele, Hawaii, by Stanley and Aulani Loo, March 28, 1971, and
deposited in NY.

The botanical recognition of this taxon was fortuitous.
Forced by a broken tooth into Dr. Robert N. Ogawa's dental
chair in Hilo, Hawaii, the kane patient learned that Mrs.

Ogawa was an amateur botanist, the daughter a professional
botanist with the University of Michigan, and Dr. Ogawa him- ©
self an ardent maker of seed lei or necklaces as a hobby. In
the case of the kukui "nut," turned ebony black by burial in

a taro patch, Dr. Ogawa explained his perfected method of pre-
paring the seeds. The conversation then changed to the preva-
lent rumor of a small-seeded kukui growing in isolated Waipio
Valley, District of Kohala. Apparently only one tree remains

in this once heavily populated valley, badly mauled by careless
collectors of its prized seeds. The dentist was a bit evasive.

Returning for further treatment days later, the patient was
surprised and delighted to receive from Dr. & Mrs. Ogawa a
truly regal lei for Mrs. Degener consisting of 25 matched,
dwarf kukui seeds originally collected in Waipio Valley and
neighboring Kukuihaele. "Kukuihaele," contrary to our hope,
does not refer to this rare kukui variety. The complex word

1971 Degener & Degener, Same Aleurites taxa 317

means "moving kukui tree," probably in allusion to the action
on the trees of the strong trade winds funneled between the
heights of Mauna Kea and Kohala.

As one surprise deserves another, the writers named this
new taxon provisionally var. ogawae, mailing a copy of the
manuscript to Mrs. Ogawa with the plea she furnish good flower-
ing and fruiting material from a chosen tree as type and co-
type specimens.

malyccana

After B.C. Stone

The third surprise was an answering ‘phone call from Mrs. 0-
gawa: The couple had not collected the material at all. The col-
lector had been Mr. Stanley *Kolomona Loo, a resident of Hono-
kaa of Chinese-Hawaiian ancestry, and his son Aulani. The family
knows of two trees growing on such precipitous terrain that
the father must help his son Aulani to and from the trees with
aid of a rope. As these trees are such a rarity and might be
injured by vandals or careless visitors, we feel it wise not to
divulge their location. Because of Mrs. Ogawa's insistance and
Mr. Loo's knowledge and advice, we here name the plant in his
son's honor Aleurites moluccana var. aulanii. The name "Au-
lani" is particularly appropriate for the kukui or candlenut
as it means "Light of Heaven" in Hawaiian.

The unspoiled native Hawaiian forests (some have escaped
lumbering, or bulldozing for other commercial interests) teem

*As the Hawaiian alphabet lacks the letter "S", "K" is substi-
tuted for it.

318 PHY T.8 £°O°G, D* Vol. 21, no. 5

with endemic birds and endemic insects, all nicely adjusted
to one another over eons of time. On the contrary, as we have
mentioned elsewhere, our kukui forests are conspicuously si-

lent except for the occasional thud of a heavy kukui fruit
striking the ground; nor are they teeming with insects. Fur-
theremore, thus far no one has unearthed kukui pollen among
other fossil pollens in old, undisturbed layers of earth.
These observations and the fact that the kukui is so valuable
to the Polynesians for light, food, medicine, native jewelry,
tapa dye, gum and for tanning fishnets moves us to the belief
that the tree is of aboriginal introduction from the South.
Birds and insects, during the couple thousand years of its
possible introduction, simply have not yet had time to be—-
come adjusted to the plant or to evolve with the plant as
they have done to the unquestionable endemic ones in the Ha-
waiian flora.

Whether the rumor is true regarding the arrival at least
of one tree of variety katoi coming from Tahiti or Samoa pre-
sumably since the landing of Captain Cook in 1778, we are al-
most certain that varieties remyi and ualanii were here be-
fore that date. Did such taxa develop de novo in the Hawaiian
Islands, or are they relics of taxa the Polynesians had
brought with them from the South? If the latter is true, a
careful comparison in museums of taxa in the Hawaiian Archi-
pelago with those in the South Seas should add evidence as
to the migrations and island stop-—overs made before these
vikings of the sunrise settled in Hawaii Nei to intermarry,
multiply and become amalgamated into a distinct race recog-
nizable by their distinctive features as the true kamaaina.

Should the pricklepoppy once so common on Oahu be Ar-
gemone glauca L., A. glauca Pope, A. glauca (Prain) Degener
or A. glauca (Prain) Deg. & Deg.? Regarding Dr. Stone's as-
sumptions about the Argemone binomial, appearing in the same
article on page 550, the kane writer had the simple explana-
tion had he been asked for it. He enrolled at the University
of Hawaii for the 1922-23 school year, frequently taking the
Honolulu trolley to the end of the Kaimuki line. There he
botanized in the red 'dobe soil and dust, collecting such
xerophytes as Waltheria, Sida, Lipochaeta, Jacquemontia and
Argemone, plants now replaced by houses and watered lawns
with bordering cultigens. A New Yorker, he returned to his
home, enrolling for an advanced degree at Columbia University,
though spending most of his time critically identifying his
Hawaiian collections at the affiliate, the New York Botanical
Garden. There he identified the Argemone, judging its correct
name to be Argemone glauca (Prain) Degener and thus noting it
in his manuscript for a "Flora Hawaiiensis" he hoped eventual-
ly to publish. In fact, he printed the name "Argemone glauca"
in 1930 in his "Plants Hawaii National Park."

1971 Degener & Degener, Some Aleurites taxa 319

While he was at his home on Vancouver Highway, later re-
named University Avenue, Honolulu, Dr. Willis Pope, first
President of the College of Hawaii in fact but not in name
and later prominent horticulturist of the government experi-
ment station in Makiki Valley, came to visit him with the
bulky manuscript of his "Manual Wayside Plants Hawaii." He
left it with the writer, who spent the better part of a week

sometimes with Dr. Pope but mostly alone, revising it. One
of the first deletions he recommended which, however, was not
followed, were marine algae! Among one of the many corrections
he made was changing Pope's name of Argemone mexicana to A.
glauca (Prain) Degener. Whether Dr. Pope or more likely some
later reviser of the same manuscript altered the authority to
"Argemone glauca L.", wissen nur die GStter. As the Degeners
have been in frequent correspondence for decades with Dr.
Stone mainly concerning the genus Pelea, a simple inquiry
about Argemone would have saved the e making of unnecessary ass-
umptions.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS HIEROBOTANA. II

Harold N. Moldenke

HIEROBOTANA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 31. 1971.

HIEROBOTANA INFLATA (H.E.K.) Briq.

Additional citations: ECUADOR: Imbabura: Firmin 366 (Ww—
1420592). Pichincha: Benoist 2091 (S); Herb. Inst. ~ Cienc. Nat.
Univ. Cent. Quito 1 (Ac); Prescott 302 (Du—37762h, N). Tun
guragua: a: A. S. S. Hitchcock 21737 (W—-1196),91) ; Pachano 1), (W—~
104625), “156° (W—1044637). P: Province undetermined: _ L. F Fraser
S.n. (Bm). PERU: Ica: Hrdlicka s.n. [March 1913] (W—602736).
Department undetermined: Barcla Barclay 2363 (Bm).

PRITCHARDIA AND COCOS IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Otto & Isa Degener

When the Hawaiian Islands were rediscovered by Captain
James Pace Cook in 1778, only two genera of palms grew in
the archipelago. The one was Pritchardia, consisting of
many taxa of fan-leaved or palmate palms; the other, Cocos,
consisting of a single species of feather-leaved or plumose
palm. Odoardo Beccari and Joseph F. Rock in 1921 published
their beautifully illustrated work entitled *A Monographic
Study of the Genus Pritchardia, 1-77. It is the last, au-
thoritative work on the group. Though we know it conceals er-
rors, we do not yet know enough to correct them. The species
are native mostly to Micronesia and Polynesia, attaining
their major development in the Hawaiian Archipelago. They
grow from sea level to about 5,000 feet elevation; from de-
sert to dense rainforest. According to Beccari & Rock's
findings, there are about 25 species and five varieties ex-
tending from the Island of Hawaii westward to distant Nihoa.
Since 1921 additional taxa have been described, some of
questionable validity.

Beccari & Rock describe as new, single individual palm
trees growing in hot, lowland gardens, and not known any-
where in the wild. Could not such individual palms be the
offspring of seeds collected in the rainy mountains of our
islands? Do they merely look new because they are growing
under greatly changed conditions? We do not presently know,

One of our local botanists, Dr. Harold St. John, collected
specimens from a single palm in the mountains near Punaluu,
Oahu and, using the monograph, keyed it to a certain species.
At a different season he visited the identical palm, collect~
ed additional material and, using the same key, came to an en=-
tirely different species! Obviously, something is wrong some-
where.

While botanizing for five months in 1928 on Molokai, the
kane writer searched for Pritchardia, known to Hawaiians as
loulu, and noted some growing cultivated near the coast in
the garden of an elderly Hawaiian known to him as Levi. From
his part-Hawaiian assistant, in whom Levi had confided, he
learned that Rock had heard about loulu palms growing in
some Molokai fastness. He offered Levi pay to fetch him speci-
mens. As Rock refused the price Levi wanted, Levi resolved to
have his cake and eat it too. So he agreed to Rock's more mod=
est offer but, instead of climbing the mountain range to get
specimens of the elusive palm, he merely substituted material
from one of the trees in his yard. Levi thought it a great

Mem. B.P. Bish. Mus. 8(1).

1971 Degener & Degener, Pritchardia and Cocos 321

joke, and chuckled while telling the writer's assistant about
the deception. Evidently some Molokai taxon is listed erro-
neously in the monograph as to habitat.

We see no way of greatly revising Beccari & Rock's work, ex»
cellent for the time and conditions under which it was produc-
ed, without concentrating on collecting herbarium specimens
from all colonies still extant, a task easily facilitated by
airplane spotting of these conspicuous trees. Seeds from each
colony, preferably from the same palm from which voucher mater-
ial had been preserved, should then be planted under uniform
conditions with similarly procured seeds from other colonies.
Such cultivated plants mst then be compared with one another
when they finally flower and fruit, as well as against the
vouchers collected from the parent plants many years before.
The difficulty of such a project is the gathering of material
so often growing in almost inaccessible jungles and on cliffs,
the acreage needed for the tests, the length of time before a
seedling finally matures to produce diagnostic characters of
flower and fruit, and the pathetic fact that so many of such
distinctive colonies already have succumbed to the bulldozing
"progress" of so-called civilized man. The investigator still
will not be sure if the old, historical specimens collected by
Rock and others had not come from such colonies that are now
extinct. Even though the task of getting order out of chaos
seems hopeless, Foster Botanical Garden under Director Paul
R. Weissich has made a good beginning.

If the above preamble is correct, it is obvious that many
kinds of loulu are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, even
though no one yet knows how many species and varieties exist-
ed here in 1778. It is also plain that this genus must have
been in the Hawaiian Islands for eons — certainly before the
arrival of the Polynesians - to enable it to speciate to such
an extent.

The fossil record certainly proves the antiquity of the lo-
ulu. Until recent bulldozing on Oahu destroyed them, erect
molds of the trunks were observable on the north side of the
road leading mauka to the U.S. Army Tripler General Hospital.
Such palms were thriving until the lower parts of their smooth
trunks were buried by the rain of ash that fell during the ex-
plosions that formed Salt Lake Crater.

On the Island of Hawaii at Kailiili, near Wahaula within
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, a few impressions of pros-
trate trunks can be seen on a prehistoric though not very
old pahoehoe lava flow. Beyond the southwestern boundary of
the National Park, between the main road and the ocean, at
*Kawaa, lies an expanse of prehistoric, smooth pahoehoe.

ee SS SS

*Incorrectly spelled "Kawa" on some Government maps.

322 Put PoP Onin OF61.5, & Vol. 21, no. 5
Armed with camera, broom, whiskbroom and trowel, the writers
and Mr. & Mrs. Theodore L. Picco fanned over the area. Here
the pahoehoe had gently flowed through a palm grove, the wet
trunks burning slowly through the base so that the trees
fell helter skelter upon the cooling lava. Several score im-
pressions were carefully examined, all showing the relative-
ly smooth, unbranched outline of a side of the palm trunk
(Fig. a). Many also showed rectangular checks formed as the
lava oozed into the charring wood (Figures b, c). One im-
pression even showed the base of a fan-like blade (Fig. d),

: aS a2 -
“eel 2 eS “ yo fe

Figures a,b,c. Trough-like Pritchardia tree molds,
ce at left showing impressions of checked charcoal.

1971 Degener & Degener, Pritchardia and Cocos 323

resembling that of a modern Pritchardia (Fig. e) now growing
at nearby Punaluu. Not a single trunk impression exhibited
leaf scars. No palm fruits nor seeds were observed.

Fossil (Fig. d) and modern (Fig. e) leaf blades.

"According to tradition, at least the large-fruited type
of coconut known as niupolapola was brought to the Hawaiian
Islands by the early Polynesian immigrants from Bolabola, an
island not far from Tahiti. Before Captain Cook's coming the
Hawaiians knew also a few other kinds, such as the niuhiwa
with dark-colored fruit and the niulelo with yellowish
fruit."* The fruit was both food and drink for the Polynesi-
an voyagers, and certainly the most necessary and efficient
supply of a potable liquid in transportable form for a long
ocean voyage. We surmise some coconuts escaped being consum
ed, and were planted in the newly discovered islands.

Between Kawaa Bay and the boundary of the National Park
is the coastal village of Pumaluu. Just back of the black

*Degener, O., Plants Haw. Nat. Park, 72. 1930.

32h PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 21, no. 5

former, a fan palm, bears erect, slender trunks hardly
thickened at base and without prominent leaf scars. The lat-
ter, a feather palm, bears a curving trunk thickened at base
and somewhat constricted at the prominent leaf scars. The
contrast is well shown in figures f and g. with these dif-
ferences in mind, the reader should compare the photographs
of the living trees with those of the fossils.

Figures f and g showing two coconut palm trunks with
prominent leaf scars and several Pritchardia trunks
with obscure leaf scars.

In conclusion, the writers are convinced that the loulu
reached the Hawaiian Islands some eons ago, and may have
even more or less encircled many stretches of the Islands
with extensive groves, particularly before the Polynesians
brought the pig and, perhaps as stowaway, the seed-eating
Polynesian rat. The fossil impressions at Kailiili and above
all at Kawea are irrefutable proof of this fact. These beau-
tiful palms may well have extended along the shore of Hawa-
ii Volcanoes National Park, and hence deserve replacement.
Regarding the coconut, however, we consider it a newcomer
to the Hawaiian Islands wntil irrefutable evidence to the
contrary appears. Tradition bolsters this belief as well as
the fact that no fossil imprints of a coconut palm have ever

1971 Degener & Degener, Pritchardia and Cocos 325

been seen, not even at Kawaa Bay where conditions were ideal
for its growth and fossilization,

Many have been confounded by the loulu growing in such iso-
lated localities. It is of course possible that those trees
perched on cliffs reached there as fruits falling or washing
down from the plateau forest above. Or a grove may have ex-
isted for ages on a plateau before this was slowly eroded into
gulches and finally into cliff-flanked canyons. The grove of
palms simply continued to grow in the same spot from genera-
tion to generation, first on gulch sides and finally on the
resultant cliffs. All this is possible, but is it probable?
On the Island of Hawaii lives the native crow alala (Corvus
tropicus Gmelin). To be sure all crows are black; but this
one, as the kane writer observed in 1927 in the Kona jungle,
is unique in keeping its bill agape to exhibit to its mate
the beautiful akala-berry-red surface within. Evidently the
ancestors of such a species, now so distinctive, mst have
come to the Archipelago eons ago. Today the species is on
the verge of extinction, perhaps less than a dozen individ-
uals persisting on the Island of Hawaii. In 1891, however,
when the ornithologist George C. Munro surveyed this island
for birds "the alala was numerous. They were in flocks - -,"
Perhaps crows andor other large, seed eating birds were nu-
merous also on some of the remaining islands and aided in
the early distribution of the loulu. If "civilized" man could
just about exterminate the crow on the Island of Hawaii from
flocks to perhaps less than a dozen individuals in eighty
years, what could not the natives have accomplished during
the past few thousand? We know "The Hawaiians snared the crow
and used the black feathers for kahilis and for dressing
idols,"

There is hope for the preservation of the Pritchardia
molds because these and the archaeological features of the
general area can be of value to the lucrative tourist in-
dustry. Besides having these easily accessible and clear,
prostrate tree molds, the Kawaa region is flanked to the
northeast by the ruins of the massive Keeku heiau or temple.
This must have catered to a large neighboring population
attracted by the beach and the nearby freshwater springs.
Unfortunately the many house sites have been washed flat by
the tsunami of 1868; but iliili, or smooth water-worn peb=
bles from the beach and from the flooring of the huts, are
scattered everywhere. One even finds evidence of ancient
pleasures and industry. Here and there, pecked into flat,
smooth lava are the depressions of the papamu, or checker-
board (Fig. h), upon which the Hawaiians played konane
with white coral pebbles against black lava ones; and a-
long the rocky coast are cup-like depressions ("baitcups")
in which the natives pounded their chumming material used

326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

Fig. h, a papamu.

for luring fish. A few stone "salt pans" in which seawater
was evaporated to gain salt for barter with upland residents
are also there. Such an area rich in Hawaiiana and fossils
may well escape destruction,

We are grateful to Mr. & Mrs. Picco for helping us sweep
and for taking the photographs.

STUDIES IN THE SOPHOREAE (LEGUMINOSAE) I.
Velva E. Rudd

In connection with studies in the tribe Sophoreae for North
American Flora and Flora Neotropica it has been found that the
following new combinations and taxa are necessary:

1. SOPHORA L. section AIGIALODES Rudd, sect. nov.

Frutices, interdum subscandentes; foliola subcoriacea; stipu-
lae lineari-deltoideae aut nullae; inflorescentia racemosa, ter-
minalis; calyx truncatus vel subtruncatus; corolla alba vel aur-
ea, petalis carinalis plerumque connatis; fructus torulosus.

Type species: Sophora tomentosa L. The name Aigialodes is from
the Greek, meaning a dweller by the sea.

2. SOPHORA L. section ORESBIOS Rudd, sect. nov.

Arbores; foliola coriacea; inflorescentia racemosa, axillaris;
calyx truncatus; corolla violacea, petalis carinalis discretis;
fructus ignotus.

Type species: Sophora conzattii Standl. The name Oresbios is
from the Greek, meaning a dweller on the mountain.

3. SOPHORA L. section CALIA (Berlandier) Rudd, comb. nov.
Calia Berlandier in Mier Teran, Mem. Comision Limites 13. 1832
Type species: Sophora secundiflora (Gomez Ortega) Lag. ex DC.

4, CLADRASTIS KENTUCKEA (Dum.-Cours.) Rudd, comb. nov.
Sophora kentuckea Dum.-Cours. Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 6:56. 168.
Virgilia lutea F. Michx. Hist. Arb. For. Amer. Sept. 3: 266,
pl. 3. 1813.
Virgilia alba Raf. Kentucky Gaz. 1822, fide Raf. Cincinnati
Lit. Gaz. 1: 60. 1824.
Cladrastis fragrans Raf. Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1: 60. 1824.
Cladrastis tinctoria Raf. Neogen. 1: 1825.
Virgilia kentuckea (Dum.-Cours.) ex Raf. Neogen. 1. 1825, as
"kentuckensis."
Cladrastis albiflora Raf. New Fl. Amer. 3: 83. 1836.
Cladrastis lutea (F. Michx.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 6. 1869.
Cladrastis kentuckea (Dum.-Cours.) Raf. ex B. D. Jackson,
Index Kew. 1: 552. 1895, as "kentuckensis", as synonym.
Unless proof can be found that the title-page date of 1811 for
Dumont de Courset, Le botaniste cultivateur, ed. 2, vol. 6 is in-
correct, the epithet kentuckea has priority over lutea.

327

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XVI

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA L.

Additional synonymy: Tometax L. apud Raizada, Indian Forest.
92: 304, in syn. 1966.

Additional & emended bibliography: Rheede & Munnicks, Hort. Ind,
Malab. : 123--12h, pl. 60. 1683; Ray, Hist. Pl. 2: 1787—1788.
1693; Dassaw, Nov. Gen. Pl. Zeyl. 4-5 & [15]. 1747; L., Fl. Zeyl.,
ed. 1, 2h & [250] (17h7) and ed. 2, 2h & [250]. 178; Dassow in
L., Amoen. Acad. 1: 389. 179; L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 161 & 172.
1762; J. A. Murr. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 125. 1767; L.,
Mant. Pl. Alt. 198, 331, & [576]. 1771; J. A. Murr. in L., Syst.
Veg., ed. 12 ["13"], 130 & 831. 177k; Lam., Dict. Encycl. Méth. 1:
S4—-55. 1783; Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 7: 697. 1806;
Dennst., Schltiss. Hort. Malab. 16, 30, & 31. 1818; Ainslie, Mat.
Ind. 2: 180--182. 1826; O'Shaughnessy, Beng. Disp. 56. 181;
Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Akad. Muench. ) (3) [Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2]:
30, 115, & 155--156. 1846; R. Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. 2: 217,
pl. 173 bis, fig. 5. 1850; Benth. in Hook., Journ. Bot. & Kew
Gard. Misc. 5: 135--136. 1853; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 1,
282--283 & 503. 1881; Dymock, Veg. Mat. Med. W. Ind. 716 & 75.
188); Maingay, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1890: 127. 1890; Briq., Bull.
Herb, Boiss., sér. 1, h: 345--346 & 92h. 1896; H. N. Ridl.,
Journ. Straits Med. Assoc. 5: 127. 1897; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Roy.
Asiat. Soc. Straits Br. 30: 79. 1897; H. N. Ridl., Agric. Bull.
Straits & Fed. Malay States 1: 218. 1902; Gamble, Man. Indian
Timb., ed. 2, pr. 1, 525 & 770. 1902; Ahmad, Agric. Bull. Straits
& Fed. Malay States 6: 162. 1907; Merr. & Merritt, Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 5: 380--381 & 554. 1910; Perrot & Vogt, Trav. Lab. Mal.
Méd. Paris 9: 215 & 223. 1913; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2,
pr. 2, 525 & 770. 1922; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 61)-——
617. 1923; Kalaw & Sacay, Philip. Agriculturist 1): 427. 1925;
Janson., Mikrogr. Holzes Java 4: 77h. 1928; Gimlett & Burkill,
Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 6: 354, 387, 388, & 394. 1930; Bur-
kill & Haniff, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 6: 233. 1930; Villado-
lid & Sulit, Philip. Agriculturist 21: 30. 1932; L., Sp. Pl., ed.
1, pr. 2, 1: 111 & 118. 193; Makins, Ident. Trees & Shrubs 7) &
258, fig. 62 G. 1936; Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 30:
63--65. 1940; Greene & Blomquist, Fls. South 109. 1953; T. H.
Everett, Read. Dig. Compl. Book Gard. 420 & 605. 1966; Burkill,
Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 07--09 & 1085. 1966; C. L.
Rodgers, Castanea 3: 390. 1969; Elliotson, Complete Gard. Book
South. Hemisph., ed. 6, 16 & 163. 1970; Vidal & Lemoine, Journ.
Agr. Trop. & Bot. Appl. 17: 28--29. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia
21: 149--16) & 208--242. 1971.

Greene & Blomquist (1953) give "beauty-berries" as the common

328

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 329

name for members of this genus. Burkill (1966) tells us that
Callicarpa is "A gems of shrubs and trees....found in the warmer
parts of Asia, to Australia and the Pacific, and again in America.
The plants are sub-aromatic, and often bitter in taste. Through-
out the East they are used medicinally: some internally, others
for poulticing. Several species of America are active diuretics
and purgatives. The wood is of little use. The Malayan species
are much of one type, and 'tampang besi' is the name applied to
the first three mentioned below [C. candicans, C. longifolia, C.

maingayi], and to C. angustifolia, King and Gamble. Whether C.
tomentosa differs sufficiently in medicinal uses that it should
bear a distinguishing name, is not clearly demonstrated yet. The
common noun 'tampang', to which attention has just been called,
indicates that the plants are used for making plasters. 'Tampal'
is a variant of it, and other variants may be recognized.....As
far to the eastward, also, as the Philippine Islands, species of
Callicarpa obtain such names; and there can be no doubt that con-
siderable reliance has been put on them as simples, from end to
end of Malasia. Three species are used as fish-poisons in the
Philippine Islands......The active substance is a saponin. It is
interesting that the twigs of two of them, dried until the leaves
have fallen, should be used as a bait for prawns. C. reevesii,
Wall., of Southern China, and several others are in cultivation
in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore; for they are ornamental plants!

CALLICARPA ACUMINATA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 150, 233,
235, & 240. 1971.

CALLICARPA ALBIDO-TOMENTELLA Merr.

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
oh Bot. 12: 300--301 & 382. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 38.
1966.

CALLICARPA AMERICANA L.

Additional & emended bibliography: L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, pr. 1,
1: 111. 1753; L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: ah. 1759; J. A. Murr.
in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 12 ["13"], 130. 177; Ainslie, Mat. Ind.
2: 181. 1826; L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, pr. 2, 1: 111. 1934; Makins,
Ident. Trees & Shrubs 258. 1936; Greene & Blomquist, Fls. South
109. 1953; Rodgers & Shake, Castanea 30: 163. 1965; T. H. Everett,
Read. Dig. Compl. Book Gard. 20 & 605. 1966; C. L. Rodgers, Cas-
tanea 34: 390. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 150. 1971.

ear illustrations: Greene & Blomquist, Fls. South 109.
1953.

CALLICARPA ANGUSTA Schau.

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 12: 299, 301, & 382. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 150,
158, & 210. 1971.

Merrill (1917) states that C. subintegra Merr. resembles C.

330 PHY ?TOL0OT Vol. 21, no. 5

angusta, "from which it is readily distinguished by its denser
indumentum, its entire or but slightly toothed leaves, fewer
nerves, and longer petioles".

The Foxworthy s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 660], previously
cited by me as C. angusta, is actually the type collection of C.
rivularis Merr.

CALLICARPA ANGUSTIFOLIA King & Gamble
Additional bibliography: Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay
Penins. 1: 07. 19663; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 93. 1971.

CALLICARPA ARBOREA Roxb.

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 12: 298 & 382. 1917; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 10:
3860. 1939; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 22:
199. 1968; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. Pl. 752. 1969;
Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 151, 15h, 215, 223--225, & 230. 1971.

Additional illustrations: Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide
Trop. Pl. 752. 1969.

Deb & his associates (1968) reduce C. arborea Roxb. to syno-
nymy under C, tomentosa (L.) Murr.

The Kuntze 6649, distributed as C. arborea, is actually C.

vestita Wall.

CALLICARPA ARBOREA var. PSILOCALYX (H. J. Lam) Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Callicarpa magna lilacina Elm., Leafl.
Philip. Bot. 10: 3860. 1939.
Additional & emended bibliography: Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot.
3: 1133. 1911; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 298 &
382. 1917; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9: 3222 & 3223 (193) and
10: 3860. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 495. 1971.

CALLICARPA BASILANENSIS Merr.

Additional bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30:
86. 1926; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 16. 1967.

Merrill (1926) was of the opinion that this species probably
belongs in the "general group with C. woodii Merr."

CALLICARPA BASITRUNCATA Merr.
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 27.
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 16. 1967.

CALLICARPA BAVIENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ll:
O. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 46. 1966.

CALLICARPA BICOLOR A. L. Juss.

Additional bibliography: Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg.,
ed. 15 nov., 3: 97. 1818; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30:
426. 1926; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 10: 3798 & 3860. 1939; Mol-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 331
denke, Phytologia 20: 495—l96 (1971) and 21: 36. 1971.

CALLICARPA BODINIERI Léveillé

Additional & emended bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5,
pr. 1, 43 (1921) and pr. 2, 43. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 20:
1,96—-l198 (1971) and 21: 33, 43, k6, 48, 102, 103, 108, 210, 212,
21h, 240, & 2h1. 1971.

CALLICARPA BODINIERI var. GIRALDII (Hesse) Rehd,.

Additional bibliography: Makins, Ident. Trees & Shrubs 258.
1936; Farnsworth, Blomster, Quimby, & Schermerhorn, lynn Index 6:
262. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 496 & 497 (1971) and 21: 33,
43, 48, 102, 103, 108, 113, 16h, 210, 212, 21h, & 20. 1971.

var. giraldii, is actually C. rubella var. hemsleyana Diels.

CALLICARPA BORNEENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 27.
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 63--6h. 1966,

CALLICARPA BRACTEATA Dop
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 498 (1971)
and 21: 107 & 164. 1971.

CALLICARPA BREVIPES (Benth.) Hance
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 498—-1,99
asm) and 21: 33, 47, 48, 102, 108, 113, 210, 212, 213, & 233.
Dop (1932) states that C. petelotii Dop resembles C. dichot-
oma (Lour.) K. Koch and C. brevipes in its glabrous ovary, glab-
rous branches and leaves, and densely punctate leaf-blades, and
that it may represent a natural hybrid between C. longifolia Lam.

and C. dichotoma and/or C. brevipes.

CALLICARPA CANDICANS (Burm. f.) Hochr.
Additional synonymy: Callicarpa nana L, ex Elm., Leafl. Philip.

Bot. 10: 3798 & 3860, in obs. 1939. Callicarpa candicans Burm. f.

ex Corner & Watanabe, Dllustr. Guide Trop. Pl. 751. 1969.

Additional bibliography: Dymock, Veg. Mat. Med. W. Ind. 716 &
7h5. 188); Perrot & Vogt, Trav. Lab. Mal. Méd. Paris 9: 215 & 223.
1913; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6: 2084 & 2085. 1913; Burkill &
Haniff, Gard, Bull. Straits Settl. 6: 233. 1930; Elm., Leafl.
Philip. Bot. 10: 3860. 1939; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay
Penins. 1: 07. 1966; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. Pl.
751. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 151-152, 156, 215, 222, 223,
& 225. 1971.

Additional illustrations: Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide
Trop. Pl. 751. 1969.

Burkill (1966) discusses this plant by first listing and ex-
plaining some of its vernacular names: "tampang bési", "tampah

332 PHY T.0 LOG Ek Vol. 21, no. 5

bési", "tampang bSsi merah" (=red-fruited tampang bési), "tampong
bési puteh", "kuping bési" (kuping is the crust or scab which
forms over a healing sore), "hati-hati ketan" (means as being used
like Coleus); in Java "méniran bésar", "méniran kasar", "méniran
kebo", "m&niran utan", "songka utan"; "in Sundanese “Napu-apa",
"kat; budak", mcutumpang kayu"; in Sumatra "sétampo bési,
"tampal bési", tampa bési", He contimes: "The tender leaves are
boiled and the decoction is drunk for abdominal troubles....In
Java a decoction is used for bringing on the menses, and the
leaves are used for poulticing wounds and boils....Under the name
‘puchuk ring-ring', the shoots of the plant have been recorded as
entering into arrow—poisons.....1t is one of the species....used
in the Philippine Islands for stupifying fish; yet, after drying,
it is also a bait for prams."

The Kondo 4, distributed as C. candicans, is actually C. sub-

pubescens Ho Hook. & Arn. » While Tsao-Fei Zis C. tsiangii Moldenke.

CALLICARPA CAUDATA Maxim.

Additional & emended bibliography: Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp.
Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 75 & 76. 1886; Merr. & Merritt, Philip.
Journ. Sci. Bot. 5: 381 & 554. 1910; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot.
10: 3860. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 33, 108, 225, 233—235,
& 2h0. 1971.

Merrill (1910) says that C. caudata is closely allied to C.
stenophylla Merr., which differs “in its less dense and simply
stellate, not plumose-stellate indumentum".

The Re S. Williams 1158, cited by me in Phytologia 14: 143
(1966), is actually C Ce. formosana f. a angustata Moldenke.

CALLICARPA CAULIFLORA Merr.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 363 & 366.
1968,

Additional citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Leyte: M. Ramos s.n.
(Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 15,0] (N).

CALLICARPA CLEMENSORUM Moldenke
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 27.
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1}: 1,6—147. 1966.

CALLICARPA CUBENSIS Urb.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 363 (1968)
and 21: 215 & 233. 1971.

Additional citations: CUBA: Havana: Sagra s.n. (N—disotype).

CALLICARPA CUBENSIS var. PARVIFLORA Moldenke
4 ciapions bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 154--155.
1966.
This variety has been collected near brooks, flowering in
March, and fruiting in November.
The Cuesta 1017 [as "Anesta"] and Ekman 11909 & 17930, cited
below, were previously cited by me (190) as anomalous specimens

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 333

of C. shaferi Britton & P. Wils., which I now feel that they are
not.

Additional citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rio: Acufia & Roig 16765
(Ha~-isotype, N—isotype); Cuesta 1017 (N); Ekman 17930 (B, N, N-
photo, S, Z—photo). ISLA DE PINOS: Ekman 11909 (B, S, Z—photo).

CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) K. Koch

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa dichotoma Juss., in herb.

Additional bibliography: T. H. Everett, Read. Dig. Compl. Book
Gard. 420. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 152 & 22. 1971.

Dop (1932) states that Cc. petelotii Dop resembles C. dichotoma
and C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance in its glabrous ovary, its glab-
rous branches and leaves, and the very numerous glands on the
leaf-blades and that it may possible represent a natural hybrid
between C. longifolia Lam. and/or C. dichotoma and C. brevipes.

The C. 0. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 743], distribu-
ted as Gs dichotama, lin’ actually C. randaiensis Hayata.

CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA f. ALBIFRUCTA Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 170 (1966)
and 21: 152. 1971.

ee citations: CULTIVATED: Japan: Togasi 1667 (Go—iso=
type

CALLICARPA DOLICHOPHYLLA Merr.

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa caudata var. y H. J. Lem, Ver-
benac. Malay. Arch. 61. 1919.

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 12: 108, 301, & 382. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 36,
104, 107, 108, 212, & 213. 1971.

CALLICARPA ERIOCLONA Schau.

Additional bibliography: Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 10: 3860.
1939; Kaneh. & Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 56: 113. 192; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 151, 152, 215, & 223. 1971

CALLICARPA ERYTHROSTICTA Merr. & Chun
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. li:
0. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 37. 1971

CALLICARPA FERRUGINEA Sw,
Additional bibliography: Ainslie, Mat. Ind. 2: 181. 1826; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 152--153. 1971.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA Rolfe

Additional & emended bibliography: Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6:
1926 & 2090. 1913; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 362.
1917; T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl.) 603.
1927; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9: 3135 (193k) and 10: 3860. 1939;
Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 153, 16h, & 236. 1971.

33h Pi) Y.T.0 LO GEvA Vol. 21, no. 5

Emended illustrations: T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Ill-
ustr. Formos. Pl.] 603. 1927.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA f£. ANGUSTATA Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 36, 37, &
2%. 1971.

The R. S. Williams 1158 collection, cited below, was errone-
ously cited by me in Phytologia 1): 143 (1966) as C. caudata
Maxim.

Additional citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: R. S. Willi-
ams 1158 (N).

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA var. GLABRESCENS Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26 (1967) and
2): 108. 1971.

The Ramos & Edafio s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 49011], so
listed by me in a previous publication, proves actually to be C.

phanerophlebia Merr., while W. T. Tsang 850 [Herb. Lingnan Univ.
16349] is a cotype collection of C. rubella f. robusta P'ei.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA Thunb.

Additional & emended biblidgraphy: Makins, Ident. Trees &
Shrubs 7 & 258, fig. 62 G. 1936; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 183
& 185. 1948; Li, Morris Arb. Bull. 1h: h—7, fig. 1—6. 1963; T.
H. Everett, Read. Dig. Compl. Book Gard. 20. 1966; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 15h, 210, 212, & 240—2h2. 1971.

Additional illustrations: Makins, Ident. Trees & Shrubs 7h,
fig. 62 G. 1936.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. LUXURIANS Rehd.

Additional & emended bibliography: Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 45h—l55, 63, & L6h, fig.
215 & 220. 1927; Hatus., Journ. Jap. Bot. 26: 372. 1951; Ohwi,
Fl. Jap. 763, 76h, & 998. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 95
(1971) and 21: 35, hi, hh——b5, hy, 102, & 103. 1971.

Additional & emended illustrations: Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 5h, fig. 215 & 220. 1927;
Nakai in Shirasawa, Icon. Essenc. Forest. Jap. 2: [Terasaki,
Zoku Nipp. Syokubutzhu] fig. 2481. 1938.

CALLICARPA LINGII Merr.
Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37.
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 7. 1971.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lam.

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia var. subglobrata
Schau. ex Kaneh. & Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 56: 113, sphalm. 1912.
Additional & emended bibliography: Benth. in Hook., Journ.
Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 136. 1853; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Straits
Med. Assoc. 5: 127. 1897; Ahmad, Agric. Bull. Straits & Fed. Ma-

lay States 6: 162. 1907; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 335

12: 108 & 382. 1917; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 23. 1922; Janson.,
Mikrogr. Holzes Java lj: 7th. 1928; Burkill & Haniff, Gard. Bull.
Straits Settl. 6: 233. 1930; Gimlette & Burkill, Gard. Bull.
Straits Settl. 6: 35h, 387, 368, & 394. 1930; Elm., Leafl. Philip.
Bot. 10: 3860. 1939; Hatus., Journ. Jap. Bot. 2h: 81. 1949; Bur~
kill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 407—108. 1966; Corner &
Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. Pl. 752. 1969; Vidal & Lemoine,
Journ. Agr. Trop. & Bot. Appl. 17: 28-29. 1970; Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 21: 155-162, 16h, 210—215, 223225, 23h, & 235. 1971.

Additional illustrations: Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide
Trop. Pl. 752. 1969.

Vidal & Lemoine (1970) record the common name "ntoo peeb lab
soob" for this plant, cite Lemoine 2), & 106 from Laos, and com
ment that it is an "Arbre de for8t claire ou de for8t secondaire
& fruits charnus violets, non comestibles. Les feuilles sont
appliquées sur les blessures".

Burkill (1966) lists the following vernacular names for this
plant: "tampang bési" ("tulang bési" is an error for this),
"tampang bési puteh" (=white-fruited tampang béesi), "tampong
besi", "tampoh bési", "tampah bési", "tampal bési", "tapah bési",
"sulap", "karat bési", "chapal", "chapul kéchil", "nasi-nasi";
in Java "méniran utan", "méniran sapi", "gambiran", "songka",
"songka kampong"; in Sufidanese "katumpang"; in Sumatra "sétampo",
"bebStih kinana"; in Bangka "nasi-nasi"; in Thailand "khow tok".
He notes, further, that the plant is "A shrub found throughout
Malaysia and to Australia; in the Peninsula it is camon. It is
one of the chief plants used for poulticing by the Malays, and
is also administered internally. For colic a decoction of the
leaves is drunk.....This use extends to Java and through to the
Moluccas. A similar decoction is given after childbirth, and for
fever. For syphilis an infusion of the root is used.....and
Rumpf says a decoction of the roots is useful for diarrhoea. The
"Medical Book of Malayan Medicine'.....seems to put this into the
first place as a means of treating sprue, prescribing, as a
draught, an infusion of the root, a gargle prepared by infusion
of the leaves, and a mouth-wash prepared by infusing the bark. A
decoction of the root of some species of Callicarpa, such as this,

is prescribed,,,...for distension of the stomach, the treatment
comprising bathing the body by a decoction of the leaves. The
leaves are used by the Malays for poulticing in fever, and for
rubbing over the body and are applied to swellings. A lotion con-
taining the juice of the root is used for nasal caries....The
leaves are said to stupefy fish.....The wood burns steadily and
thoroughly, whence the common Javanese name; it will not make
charcoal. Jansonnius has described the minute structure...."

Dop (1932) states that C. longifolia is similar to C. petelotii
Dop in the form of its leaves and the dimensions and disposition
of the cymes and that the latter may possibly represent a natural
hybrid between C. longifolia and C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch and/
or C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance.

336 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

CALLICARPA LONGIPETIOLATA Merr.
Additional bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.
12: 299--300. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 208--210. 1971.
Merrill (1917) states that C. subintegra Merr. is allied to C.
longipetiolata "from which it is at once distinguished by its
differently shaped, narrow, caudate-acuminate leaves".

CALLICARPA LONGISSIMA (Hemsl.) Merr.

Additional & emended bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 12: 108 & 382. 1917; Hatus., Journ. Jap. Bot. 2: 81.
1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 210-21). 1971.

CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA Vahl

Additional & amended bibliography: Dennst., Schliiss. Hort. Ma-
lab. 16 & 30. 1818; Ainslie, Mat. Ind. 2: 181. 1826; Benth. in
Hook., Journ, Bat. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135. 1853; Bodding, Men.
Asiat. Soc. Beng. 10: 245. 1927; Jain & Tarafder, Econ. Bot. 2h:
247. 1970; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 6 (1): iii & item 1370.
1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 21)—227. 1971.

CALLICARPA MAINGAYI King & Gamble

Additional synonymy: Callicarpa lanata Ridl. ex Burkill, Dict.
Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 08, in syn. 1966 [not C. lanata
Gamble, 1893, nor Hosséus, 1912, nor "L. sensu Gamble", 1971, nor
L., 1767, nor H. J. Lam, 1940, nor Lam., 1821, nor Roxb., 1966,
nor Schau., 1870, nor Vahl, 1647, nor Wall., 1883, nor Walp., 1921,
nor Zipp., 181].

Additional bibliography: H. N. Ridl., Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc.
Straits Br. 30: 79. 1897; Elm., Leafl. Philip. Bot. 10: 3860.
19393 Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 08. 1966; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 229--231. 1971.

The C. lanata accredited to Gamble, referred to in the synony-
my above, is actually a synonym of C. vestita Wall., that credit-
ed to Hosséus is C, arborea Roxb., that credited to H. J, Lam is
C. arborea var. psilocalyx (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, that credited to
Lamarck is Premna tomentosa Willd., that credited to Schauer, to
Vahl, to Walpers, and to Zippelius is C. pedunculata R. Br., and
that credited to Linnaeus, to "Linnaeus sensu Gamble", to Wallich,
and to Roxburgh belongs in the synonymy of C. tomentosa (L.) Murr.

Burkill (1966) refers to C. maingayi as follows: "A tree, con-
fined to the Malay Peninsula, in Pahang, Selangor, and Malacca.
Alvins says that the wood can be used for making fiddles, adding
that there are two kinds of it, one with red and one with white
bark. ‘he bark on the younger branches is rusty red. Alvins says
that the bark is used as a substitute for betel." He lists the
common names "tampang bési", "méndapor", "tutok puteh" ["tulo" and
"tutor" are errors for this], "chulak", "balek angin laut" [in
reference to the white color of the lower leaf-surface].

CALLICARPA MERRILLII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30:

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 337
87. 1926; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 233-235. 1971.

CALLICARPA MOLLIS Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Akad. Muench. (3) [Fl.
Jap. Fam. Nat. 2]: 155—-156. 1816.

Additional & amended bibliography: Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Akad.
Muench. (3) [Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2]: 155-156. 186; Nakai, Journ.
Jap. Bot. ly: 641. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 237—2)2. "lon.

This binomial is sometimes erroneously cited to "Sieb. & Zucc.,
Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 526. 18)" — "526" is the species (not page)
number in this work.

Additional citations: JAPAN: Honshu: Furuse s.n. [13 Oct. 1957]

(Bi), 68 68 (Bi); Kinashi s.n. n. [Kyoto, , 8.VI 21921] (nis; Kites Kitamura | Be
n. (Hondo, 28.VI.1931) (Mi, Mi); Kobayashi 1317 (S), 13938 (S),
15903 (Go); Maruyama & Okamoto 1617 (Go, N, S, Se--199277, #—
2335110, Ws); Y. Matsumura 1669 (WN), 4951 (N), 6673 (MN); Maximo~
wicz 5.n. [Yokohama, 1862] (Bs—18100, S, Ss, 3, ¥—997h, W—21,96751) ;
Mizushima 2927 (S), 3121 (S), 17169 (8); Murata 16428 (W—
209699); Okamoto 37 (Ws); S. Suzuki SI.55 (W—221h9h1), UC.93
(Herb. Suzuki 369002] (Ca—793587), UC.754 [Herb. Suzuki 137010]
(Ca—930L79), UC.78k (Herb. Suzuki )]0027] (Ca—930516), UC.990
(Herb. Suzuki 163017] (Ca—953861), s.n. (Jun. 26, 1951] (Se—
138339), sen. [Jul. 10, 1951] (Se—138257), sen. foct. 27, 1951]
(Se—1196]0); Tagawa awa 195 (Ws); Thorn 25 (Go); Togasi 379 (Ca—
955797, Go, Mg, Mi, N, S, S, Se—1}7223, Vi, W—22h2153), 1255
(B, Ca—87159, Go, yg, N, S, Se—17780h, W—2276612, Ws, Ws); K.
Uno 1848 (Ba), 18450 (N); Yamada g.n. {Ise, 20 juin 1910] (W—
1178282). Kyushu: uu: Herb. Sei. i. Coll. Im Imp. Univ. sn. [July] (Vt);
Hurusawa 3)jb (W—2073731); Kanehira Kanehira SNe it. Seburi, Jun. 9,
1929] (W—1529231); Masamune s.n. 6 s.n. (Satsuma, May 20, 1923] (N);
Maximowicz s.n. [Nagasaki, asaki, 1863] (C); Oldham 620 (M, T), 621 (S);
S. Susuki 791 (Ws); Takenouchi s.n. (Ruzen, 7.4.1933] (ages:
267590). Miyajima: Hiroe 12036 (Ca—l038h), 19038 (Ca—l0399).
Shikoku: Collector undetermined B.D. [Nanokawa, To Tosa, June 21,
1892] (W—206169); Murata & Shimisu 1170 (Ws); Tagawa s.n. nly
9, 1930) (Ws); Uyeki 7h 4 7h (Vi); Watanabe s Sen. [Takeyashiki,
13, 1887] (Ca—363663); Yamozaki 34 (W—2073857). Sugashima: conf
tamura s.n. [11 Nov. 1951] (Mi). (Mi). “Tsushima: Ohashi & Sohma 10017
(W—259k172) 5 Wilford s.n. [1859] (S). Island undetermined: i: Herb.
8.n. (N); Herb. Herb. Lugd. Batay. s.n. (S); Herb. Umbach 2203
[Kogashiyama] (Ws); 8 Siebold s.n. (M)5 Simada s.n. s.n. [Japan] (W—996h,
W—9973)5 C. Wright s.n. 3.n. [Simoda] (N—photo, N—photo, Os, T, Z—-
ey! Zollinger 350 (S). CULTIVATED: Java: Herb. Bogor. 18099 18099
Be

338 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 5

CALLICARPA MOLLIS var. MICROPHYLLA Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Math.-phys.
Kl. Kongl. Baierisch,. Akad. Wiss. Muench. ); (3): 156 [as "9?

micro lla") ° 186.
Synonymy : Callicarpa aponica var. microphylla Sieb. & Zucc.
ex Moldenke, Résumé 172 & ane 1959

Bibliography: Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Math.—phys. Kl. Kongl. Baier-
isch. Akad. Wiss. Muench. (3) [Fl. Jap. Fan. Nat. 2]: 156. 18h6;
Sieb. & Zucc., Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. Alt. 156. 186; Miq., Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugd.—Bat. 2 996 1865; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—-Bat. 70.
1870; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 1, 338. 1922; Nakai,
Fl. Sylv. Kor. 1h: 32--33 & 133. 1923; Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Japan, ed. 2, 1: 458. 1927; Masam., Prel.
Rep. Veg. Yak. 115. 1929; Masam., Fl. & Geo. Yakus. 387. 193k;
Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 19,0; Hara, Enum.
Sperm. Jap. 1: 185. 1948; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 295. 1950; Ma~
sam., Sci. Rep. Kamazawa Univ. ): 46. 1955; Hara, Distrib. Maps
Flow. Pl. Jap. 51. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & huh. 1959; Molden-
ke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 11 (1967) and 16: 17. 1968; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 21: 22. 1971.

The original description (1846) of this variety is "foliis lan-
ceolatis vel ovatc-lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis dense
et aequaliter serrulatis pollicaribus vel bipollicaribus. Die
Behaarung und allgemeine Form der Blatter stimmt mit der mollis
tiberein, nur sind dieselben viel kleiner und am Rande mit Aus-
nahme der Basis und Spitze gleichmassig feinsagezahnig. Die
Blithen sind an unseren Exemplaren nicht vollstandig entwickelt."
Nakai (1923) describes it as "Frutex 1—1.5 metralis ramosissimus.
Folia 1—-3 cm. longa. Nom. Jap. Kobano-yabumurasaki. Hab. in
insula Hokitsut6. Distrib. Kiusiu." Masamune (1929, 1955) re-
cords it from Honshu and Kyushu, Japan, as well as from Yakushima
in the Ryukiu Islands, and records the vernacular name
"bagabayabu-murasaki",

According to Hara (198) the "C. mollis var. microphylla Sieb.
& Zucc." of Nakai (1922, 1923) is really C. mollis var. ramosis-=-
sima Nakai. LAGAN | in a

It should be noted that Siebold & Zuccarini's reprint publica-
tion (186) is often cited as "Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2: 156" and
Masamune's 193) publication as "Masam. FY. 387". Miquel (1870)
cites Siebold 3 [specimens?], Keiske 1 [specimen?], and Mohnike
1 [specimen?].

In some of my previous publications I did not accept the
validity of this variety and reduced it to synonymy under typical
C. mollis Sieb. & Zucc. However, recent Japanese workers, with
field experience, regard it as a valid taxon and so I bow to
their judgement. As yet I have seen no herbarium material of it.

CALLICARPA MOLLIS var. RAMOSISSIMA Nakai in Nakai & Koidz., Trees
& Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 458. 1927.
Synonymy: Calli japonica var. ramosissima Nakai ex Mol=
denke, Résumé 172 & nn 1959.
Bibliography: Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 1, 338.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 339

1922; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 1h: 32. 1923; Nakai in Nakai & Koids.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: usb. 1927; Masam., Prel.
Rep. Veg. Yak. 115. 1929; Masam., Fl. & Geo. Yakus. 387. 193k;
Hara, Enum, Sperm. Jap. 1: 185. 1948; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 295.
1950; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. ): 6. 1955; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé 172 & « 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 11 (1967) and
16: 17. 1968.

According to Hara (1948) this taxon was erroneously reported
as C. mollis var. microphylla Sieb. & Zucc. by Nakai in 1922 and

1923. He cites an illustration ["f. 283 (1938)"], but unfor-
tunately gives the name of the publication and its author only in
Japanese characters.

Masamune (1955) records var. ramosissima from Honshu, Kyushu,
and Sikoku, Japan, as well as from Yakushima in the Ryukiu Is-
lands, and gives the vernacular name "kobano~yabumurasaki".

As yet I have seen no herbarium material of this taxon.

ORSTARA NIGRESCENS Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30: 425—26.
1926.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 30: 425--26.
1926; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Moldenke, Known
Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (192) and [ed. 2],
141 & 177. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 12). 1952; Moldenke,
Résumé 183, 198, & hh. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: li.
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 109. 1971.

Merrill (1926) describes this plant as follows: "A shrub a-
bout 2 m high, the branches terete, older ones glabrous, the
branchlets slender, densely and minutely stellate-furfuraceous
or stellate-sublepidote, the indumentum brown or pale. Leaves
opposite, membranaceous or subchartaceous, oblong to broadly
oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, slenderly
and sharply almost caudate-acuminate, base acute or decurrent-
acuminate, margins crenate or crenate-dentate, the upper surface
dark brown to black and shining when dry, entirely glabrous or
with scattered stellate hairs when immature, the lower surface
paler than the upper, mimtely and rather densely pitted and
with mmerous shining glands, the indumentum of short, pale,
stellate, scattered hairs, for the most part confined to the mid-
rib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of
the midrib, slender, curved-ascending, distinct; petioles 1 to 3
cm long, minutely and rather densely stellate-pubescent. Cymes
axillary, mostly densely flowered, about as long as the peti-
oles, the peduncles, branches, and calyces densely and minutely
stellate—pubescent with pale or brownish hairs, the pedicels a-
bout 1.5 mm long, the bracteoles linear, 0.5 mm long. Calyx
truncate, about 2 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, narrowed below to
the cuneate base. Corolla tube 2 m long, glabrous, the lobes
4, oblong-elliptic, rounded, glabrous or very slightly pubescent
above, about 1.5 mm long. Filaments glabrous, | to 4.5 m long;
anthers oblong, 1.3 mm long. Style exserted, glabrous, 7 m
long. Fruit globose, glabrous, black when dry, about 2 m in

3h0 PRY £0 Ly OoGre Vol. 21, no. 5

diameter."

The type of the species was collected by Maximo Ramos and Gre-
gorio E. Bdafio (Philip. Bur. Sci. 4297] in secondary forests at
low altitudes on Tawitawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands,
in August, 192), and was deposited in the herbarium of the Philip-
pine Bureau of Science at Manila, now unfortunately destroyed.
Merrill cites also Philip. Bur. Sci. 4198, gathered by the same
collector at the type locality in July of 192). He comments that
this is "A species rather well characterized within the genus by
its very short indumentum, which is dense on the branchlets and
inflorescences, and wanting or very sparse on the vegetative
parts. The leaves are characteristically black or dark colored
on the upper surface when dry, as in Callicarpa cana Linn. and C.
bicolor Juss., and the species is apparently allied to these in
spite of the difference in indumentum. According to Bakhuizen's
arrangement of the species, it would apparently fall near or with
Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and C. longifolia Lam., to neither of
which can it be properly referred. I doubt very much if any of
the Philippine or Malaysian material is properly referable to
Thunberg's species."

Recent collectors describe this plant as 2 m. tall, the stems
3 cm. in diameter, the corollas bluish-pink, stamens yellow, and
fruit green (in August), growing in secondary forests at low al-
titudes,.

In all, 7 herbarium specimens, including material of the type
collection, have been examined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Sulu: Wilkes Exped. s.n. [Sulu
Archipelago] (W—10650). Tawitawi: Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 198] (B, Bz--17292, Ca—257331, N), son.
[Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 4297] (N--isotype). MOLUCCA ISLANDS:
Sanana: Bloembergen 336 (Bz--18056).

CALLICARPA NIPENSIS Britton & P. Wils. in N. L. Britton, Mem.
Torrey Bot. Club 16: 98. 1920.

Synonymy: Callicarpa nipense Britton & P. Wils. ex Moldenke,
Alph. List Cit. 1: 187, sphalm. 1916.

Bibliography: N. L. Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 98.
1920; J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1920; A. W. Hill, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 6: 34. 1926; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov.
39: 298 (1936) and 0: 56, 73--80, 119, 123, & 129. 1936; Molden-
ke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 5. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis-
trib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 2) & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List
Cit. 1: 187 & 312 (196) and 3: 929. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 2 & 177. 199; Alain in Leén & A-
lain, Fl. Cuba : 305 & 307. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 50 & hhh.
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 155. 1966.

The Alain & Lopez Figueiras 188, distributed as C. nipensis,
is actually C. cuneifolia Britton & P. Wils.

In all,‘5 herbarium specimens, including the type, and 5 moun-
ted photographs of this species have been examined by me.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Calli a 341

Emended citations: CUBA: Oriente: Shafer 3026 (F—-286168—
isotype).

CALLICARPA NUDIFLORA Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, pl. 6.
1836.

Synonymy: Callicarpa acuminata Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10], hypo-
nym. 1814; Fl. Ind., ed. 1 (Carey & Wall.], 1: 408-09. 1820 [not
C. acuminata Humb., 1825, nor Humb. & Bonpl., 1821, nor H.B.K.,
1817, nor Humb. & Kunth, 1839, nor Kunth, 187]. Callicarpa
reevesii Wall., Numer. List 50, hyponym. 1829. Callicarpa nudi-
flora Hook. ex Pritz., Icon. Bot. Ind. 1: 188. 1866. Callicarpa
macrophylla var. sinensis C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind.
4: 568. 1885. Callicarpa reewvesii Wall. ex Briq. in Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, (3a): 166, sphalm. 1895. Cal-
licarpa reveesii Wall. apud Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot.
Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 22, sphalm. 1921. Callicarpa acuminata var.
angustifolia Metc., Lingn. Sci. Journ, 11: 07. 1932. Callicarpa
revesii Wall. apud P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac.
China] 19, sphalm. 1932. Callicarpa reveesi Wall. ex Moldenke,
Résum6 26, in syn. 1959. Callicarpa macrophylla var. acuminata
(Roxb.) Bakh., in herb. Callicarpa reversii Wall., in herb.

Bibliography: Roxb., Hort. Beng. [10]. 1814; Wall. in Roxb.,
Fl. Ind., ed. 1 (Carey & Wall.], 1: 408—l09 & 481. 1820; Spreng.
in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 20. 1825; J. A. & J. H. Schultes,
Mant. 3: 53. 1827; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 5: 126.
1828; Wall., Numer. List 50. 1829; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey],
1: 39 & 395. 1832; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, pl. h6.
1836; Boj., Hort. Maurit. 258. 1837; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 28.
1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 257. 180; Walp., Nov. Act.
Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 381. 183; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. lj:
125--126. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. li: 641 & 642. 187;
Benth, in Hook., Journ. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135. 1853; Migq.,
Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 888. 1856; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 270. 1861; Pritz.,
Icon. Bot. Ind. 1: 188. 1866; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 3 [C. B.
Clarke], 132. 1874; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. }:
568. 1885; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Péterab. 31: 75. 1886;
Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 504 & 505. 1886; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ.
Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26: 254--255. 1890; Jacks. in Hook. f. &
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 166. 1895; H. N. Ridl., Journ.
Roy. Asiat. Soc, Straits 33: [Fl. Singap.] 122. 1900; King &
Gamble, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 7 (2), extra no., 802 &
805--3806. 1908; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 21: 1012 &
1015--1016. 1909; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser.
10: 202. 1912; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 8, 65, & 89.
1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3:
10 & 22. 1921; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 617. 1923; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 226. 192); E. D. Merr., Lingn. Sci.
Journ. 5: 157. 1927; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929; Moldenke,

3h2 Pen Y TOL OG ik Vol. 21, no. 5

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 55--56. 1932; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Toulouse 64: 500, 503, 511, & 512. 1932; Metc., Lingn. Sci.
Journ, 11: 407. 1932; Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac.
China] 1h, 16, 19, & h2—-l. 1932; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant.
& Gard., ed. i, 104. 1935; L. H. Bailey, List Florists Handl.
Verbenac. mss. 1935; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 39:
302 (1936) and 0: 39, hl, 106, 113-115, 120-122, 12h, 127, &
128. 1936; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 5. 1933; Moldenke,
Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List
Invalid Names 9 & 12. 190; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver-
benac., [ed. 1], 54--56, 58, 59, 61, 71, & 87. 1942; Moldenke,
Alph. List Invalid Names 8 & 10. 19 H. F. MacMillan, Trop.
Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 1, 10h. 19113; Moldenke, Phytologia 2:
85 & 95, 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1:
386. 1946; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 2,
10h. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 21, 89, 91, 108, 271, &
298. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3. 197;
H. Ne & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 78. 1948; H. F. MacMillan,
Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 3, 10). 198; Moldenke, Alph.
List Cit. 2: 359, 402, Ok, 410, 432, 580, 643, & 64h (1948), 3:
657, 658, 666, 770, 775, & 854 (1949), and h: 1011, 105, 1228,
1234, & 1297. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139. 199; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 12h, 125, 128, 129, 131,
134--136, 139, 157, & 177. 1949; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. &
Gard., ed. 5, pr. 4, 10h. 199; Moldenke, Revist. Sudam. Bot. 8:
172. 1950; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 279, 283, 307,
308, & 311. 1951; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5
pr. 5, 10h. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia : 12h (1952) and : 268.
1953; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 6, 104
(1954) and pr. 7, 10. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 159, 160, 165, 166,
168, 173-175, 179, 2h, 2h], 245, 246, & bk. 1959; Jacks. in
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; H. F. Machil-
lan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 8, 104. 1962; Sen & Naskar,
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 38. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: )31
& 433 (1966) and ly: 38, 112, 114, 121, & 142. 1966; Burkill,
Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 07. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé
Suppl. 1k: 3 & 4 (1966) and 15: 16. 1967; Tingle, Check List Hong
Kong Pl. 38. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia ly: 219 & 225 (1967) and
16: 38) & 447. 1968; Chan & Teo, Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tokyo 17:
128)--1286. 1969; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (\): iii & item
4115. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 35, 101, 11h, 151, 223, & 225.
1971.

Illustrations: Hook, & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. pl. 6. 1836.

As has been pointed out by me in 1932, the Asiatic plant for
so long a time known as C. acuminata Roxb. must take on another
name. While this binomial was actually first proposed by Roxburgh
in 181), it was not accompanied by any description. It ws,
therefore, a mere hyponym, and is not considered to have been va-
lidly published at that time. A full description, validating the
name, was not published by him until 1820. In the meantime, Hum-
boldt, Bonpland, & Kunth published their C, acuminata in quite va-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 33

lid form for a Mexican, Central and South American species in
1817 with a full description. The Asiatic and American plants are
similar in appearance, but are not conspecific. The American
plant, therefore, must retain the name C. acuminata H.B.K. and
the Asiatic plant mst take on a new name.

The second oldest name for the Asiatic plant is C. reevesii

Wall., proposed in 1829, but also as a hyponym. It was not valid-
ly published until by Walpers in 1845. In 1836, however, Hooker
& Arnott published C. nudiflora, accompanied by a good descrip-
tion and illustration. It seems obvious, therefore, that the
Asiatic plant first known as C. acuminata Roxb., then as C.
reevesii Wall., must now be known as C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn. It

has been collected rather extensively in southern China, Canton,
Kwangtung, Hainan Island, Macao, and Lappas Island, and occurs
also in Silhet, Tenasserim, and Singapore.

Roxburgh's original (1820) description of his C. acuminata is
"Shrubby, tender parts hoary with a stellate pubescence. Leaves
broad-lanceolar, acuminate, remotely repand, denticulate. Panicles
axillary, long peduncled, dichotomous, shorter than the leaves.

A native of Silhet, flowers in May. In this species the panicles
are elevated on longer peduncles than in the other species [of
India], the leaves and young parts very hairy, except the upper
surface of the former when fully expanded, which is then naked

and reticulate; from four to five inches long by nearly two broad.’

King & Gamble (1908) amplified this description as follows: "A
shrub, the branches, petioles, the under surface of leaves, and
inflorescence covered with a soft, whitish-grey or pale tawny,
mealy tomentum of branched or stellate hairs. Leaves coriaceous;
lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, long acute at apex, attenuate
at base and often slightly unequal, not decurrent; upper surface
dark when dry, glabrous except the nerves, lower tomentose; mar-
gins entire for the lower third, above that shortly dentate ser-
rate; 5 to 8 in. long, 2 to 3 in. broad; midrib stout; main nerves
13 to 15 pairs, nearly regular, starting at an angle of 5° to 60°
with the midrib and curving gently to the margin, each pair joined
by rather obscure transverse nervelets, all slightly impressed a-
bove; petiole .75 in. long. Cymes axillary, rounded, many-flower-
ed, widely dichotomous, reaching in. long and about 3 in. broad;
peduncles 1.5 to 2 in. long; bracts linear subulate, 1 in. long;
pedicels short, slender, nearly glabrous, .05 to .1 in. long;
flowers purple? Calyx very short, nearly glabrous but with a few
stellate hairs and minutely glandular-punctate, very shortly l-
toothed. Corolla twice as long as calyx .1 in.; lobes rounded,
sparsely stellate—pubescent and glandular—punctate. Stamens long
exsert; filaments slender; anthers small; the connective glandular-
punctate. Ovary rounded, very glandular; style very long, twisted;
stigma peltate, large. Drupe purple, small, .075 to .1 in. in di-
am., nearly globose; pyrenes l,......Singapore: near the Botanic
Gardens, Murton 87; Ridley 688) cult! Distrib. Tenasserim (?)
(Falconer); Southern China."

3Lh P\EOY.TeO LoOuGeiys Vol. 21, no. 5

Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) gives the distribution of this
species as "S.-China! Canton! Lappas-Isl.! Kwantung! Hongkong!
Hainan} Macao! Silhet! ? Tenasserim!? Singapore!"

Recent collectors describe the plant as a low woody shrub, 1--3
m. tall, or sometimes a small to large tree, to 9 m. tall, erect,
the stems 15--25 cm. in diameter, bark brown and flaky, branches
pale furfuraceous, becoming gray-green, the leaves "yellow-green"
or green, pale- or deep-green above, pale-green or grayish mealy=-
tomentose beneath (or “light-green above, tawny beneath"), "with
prominent glaucous vein" beneath, the flowers fragrant or ill-
smelling, the stamens purple, the immature fruit green, maturing
to red (Chun & Tso 714, Tsang s.n., Wang 3546), lilac (Chun
6846), purple-red (Liang 6325h), purple, or blue; "green to
white" on Liang 66369 and "brown" on Chun 1,022 & Lei 125. The
corolla is described as being "red" on W. T. Tsang 29, "pink" on
Fung 20276, Liang 62117, and Taam 1560, "rose" on Bodinier 798,
"pale pink-purple" on Clemens & Clemens 3148, "peach-red" on Lei
gil, “"purple-pink" on Clemens & Clemens 3936, "violet" on Chun
3155, “purple” on Chun 2108, Tsang & Fung 1,61, and Wang 32788,
and "white" on Ying 872.

Collectors have found the plant growing in loam soil or sand,
in open thickets, mixed woods, forests, and gardens, on level
land, slopes, open hillsides, rocky mountains, and forest mar-
gins, along open roadsides and streamsides, and in partial shade
at the sides of ravines, at altitudes of 1200 feet, flowering in
February and from April to September, fruiting from August to
February. Tsang describes it as "abundant scattered shrubs in
dry sandy soil", Lau says "fairly common, dry cliffs, sandy soil!
and Lei reports "rare in loam of dry level land", "scattered
shrubs in village greens", and "in roadside gardens". Bodinier
reports it as "rare dans 1'fle" on Hongkong, while Chun found it
to be "common" on Hainan Island.

It should be noted that Sprengel (1825) places Roxburgh's C.
acuminata in the synonymy of C. heynii Roth [now known as C.
candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr.]. The Hooker & Arnott 1836 reference
in the bibliography of C. nudiflora is dated "181" by Bakhuizen
van den Brink (1921), Stapf (1929), and P'ei (1932), but actually
was published in 1836 [see the dates of publication of the various
pages of this work, as well as of the plates, under C. kochiana
in these notes]. The Wallich 1829 reference is cited as "1020"
by Bakhuizen van den Brink, who also cites the 185 Walpers refer-
ence by the title-page date of "18),--18)8". The King & Gamble
publications, referred to above, are both often cited as "1909"
and the pages reversed or the serial citation given as "7 (\)".
Dr. Lam (1919) reduces Roxburgh's C. acuminata to synonymy under
C. longifolia f. floccosa Schau.

The Callicarpa acuminata var. angustifolia of Metcalf (1932)
seems to be merely a new name for C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn. as
distinguished by him from C. acuminata Roxb. and C. reevesii Wall.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 35

He cites for it a Ford s.n., originally determined as C. purpurea
A. L. Juss. in the Arnold Arboretum herbarium. Callicarpa macro-
phylla var. sinensis C. B. Clarke is described by Clarke (1885)
as having "Leaves oblong-lanceolate, closely denticulate, pedun-
cles longer than the petioles, anthers oblong, larger. -- Canara;
Gibson. Calcutta; Distrib. China. Branches upwards dense with
leaves. Teeth of the leaves with minute black glandular spots.
Calyx in flower stellately tomentose, soon nearly glabrate; teeth
elongate, often somewhat longer than the tube. Probably a culti-
vated plant: it seems as near to C. Reevesii as to C. macrophylla
Chang (1951) compares it with C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn. and with
C. lobo~apiculata Metc. My good friend, Dr. Santapau, in a letter
to me dated February 16, 1948, says "Call. macrophylla var. sin-
ensis is given as a Bombay plant on the word of Gibson, who found
it in Kanara; unless we are told which Kanara is meant, we cannot
draw any definite conclusion, although I am inclined to think it
was the North Kanara [Bombay Pres.], in which Gibson did botanise
extensively."

The Griffith 6040/1, cited below, was apparently taken from a
cultivated plant in India, the seeds of which were "ex China".
Sen & Naskar (1965) record the species as cultivated in India,
Bojer (1837) says that it is cultivated in Mauritius. Bailey
(1935) reports that it was offered to the horticultural trade at
that time by the Singapore Botanical Garden. Machfillan (193)
includes it among the species cultivated in the tropics, calling
it a "Large straggling sh.[rub] or small tree. L.[eaves] large,
tomentose. Fls. pink, in large cymes. S. China."

Vernacular names reported for the species are "pan ko fa"

lectors and/or herbaria whose names, unfortunately, he gives only
in Chinese characters.

Under Genus 1%, Callicarpa, in the Linnean Herbarium in London,
sheet no. 2 is inscribed "tomentosa" in Linnaeus' handwriting and
"cana" in Solander's writing. The specimen is neither C. tomento—
sa (L.) Murr. nor C, candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. [the taxon which
used to be called C. cana L.], but is plainly typical C. mudiflora
Hook. & Arn.! Sheet no. 3 in the same folder, unidentified, is
actually C. candicans.

Material of C. nudiflora has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. macrophylla Vahl, C. purpurea A. L.
Juss., C. tomentosa Willd., and Premna arborea Roth. On the other
hand, the R. C. Ching 7291, distributed as C. nudiflora, is actu-

36 PHYT.OLOGTA Vol. 21, no. 5

ally C. arborea Roxb., Barthe s.n. [1857] is C. candicans (Bum.
£3) Hochr., r., Gaudichaud SNe 3.n. [Chine, juillet 1839] is C. f is C. formosana
Rolfe, some of the Herb. Hort, Bot. Calcutt. s.n. distribution is
Ce. peduncniate R. Br., and C. | C. O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr.
Coll. 1449] is C. rubella Lindl.

In all, 131 herbarium specimens and ) mounted photographs of C.
nudiflora have been examined by me.

Additional citations: INDIA: State undetermined: Herb. Falcon-
er s.n. (K). CHINA: Kwangsi: Steward & Cheo 876 (N); W. T. Tsang
2182 (S). Kwangtung: Chun 3155 (N), (N), 6846 ( (N), | 022 (N, “N)5 Cc.
0. Levine 349 (Io), sen. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 319] (W—
778666); Nevin s.n. [Canton] (Du—90912); Y. K. Wang 499 (Ca—
34739k), 1835 (B2—172hh, Ca-—37h143); Ying 872 (Ca—35900h).
Province undetermined: N. J. Andersson s.n. [China] (S); Henslow
s.n. [1833] (K). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: W. Y. Chun
2108 (Herb. Univ. Nanking 7089] (Ca—23565), 570) (Ca—2h,3565) ;
Chun & Tso 4471) (B, N, W—1675437); C. Ford sn. [27.7.93] (W—
456056), son. (N, N); H. Fung 20276 (B, Bz—-18103, Ca—11531, N
W--1751091); How 72814 (Bz--18596); Katsumada 21951 (Ca—322h99);
Lau 1929 (N); Lei 125 (B, Ba, Bi, Bz—18102, Ca—612188, N), 91h
(By Ba, Ba, N); Liang 62117 62117 (N), "62h73 (La, N), "63251 (N), 63303 (Go,
N), 66369 (N, W--1671535); Tak 29 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15528]
(Ca—~315768) ; ae T. Tsang 29 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15528] (N, S,
W--121,88)6); Tsang & Fung 1,61 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17995] (N); C.
Wang 32788 er 34,262 (N, 8), 3546 (Go, N). Honam: C. 0. Levine
gon. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1125) (Ka-—-628 %, W--871,850, —"
877418, W—1010300), Lantau: Taam 1720 (Ca—82283, N, W—2072583);
Tak 107 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16596] (Ca--3h1928); W. T. Tsang
16596 (: (S), sen. [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16596] (N, W—-121,9639) .
HONGKONG: Bodinier 798 (W—2)96755); W. Y. Chun 6846 (Ca—37h071);
Fortune 86 (S); Hom 28 [Herb. Lingnan U Univ. 18)5 3] 3) (N); Taam 1560
(Ca—--82728, N, W--2063769) ; 3 C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] (T, W =

4h906]. MACAO: Gaudichaud 83 (W—2]967h0). INDOCHINA: Annam:
Clemens & Clemens 31)8 (Ca--3h0791, N), 3936 (Ca—-339371, Mi, N,
Ut——309a, W--1)2776). Tonkin: Pételot 105 (N, W-—1716988). BO-
NIN ISLANDS: Island undetermined: C. Wright s.n. [Bonin Islands]
(W--9976). CULTIVATED: Brazil: oes Bailey 791 (Bi); J. San-
toro s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Est. S. Paulo 9292] (Be--37206, Ca—
40306). India: Griffith 6040/1 ae 3 Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. 5.
n, (Bz—18095, Ed, Mu—989). Java: Backer 33433 (Bz—18090, Ba—
18091), 3343k (Bz—-18092, Bz—18093); Bakhuizen van den Brink s.n.
(Bz——25),80); Herb. Hort. Bot. Bogor. X1.G.25 (Bz—-25717, Bz——
25718, Bz—-26516, Bz, Bz, N), 25a (Bz, Ba, Bz), 26 (Bz—25719,

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 34,7

Bz—25720, Bz——26517, Bz—-26591, Bz, N), 26a (Bz—-25721), s.n.
(Bz—1809l,); Pijl 637 (Bz—18089). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDE-
TERMINED: Herb. Linnaeus G.136, S.2 (Ls, Mi--photo, N—photo, N—
photo, Z--photo); Jameson s.n. (Ed).

CALLICARPA OBLANCEOLATA Urb. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 18: 119.
1922.

Synonymy: Callicarpa inopina Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn.
5, nom. nud. 1939.

Bibliography: Urb. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 18: 119. 1922;
J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1922; Urb. in Fedde, Repert.
Soec. Nov, 20: 345. 192); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 37.
1929; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 39: 301 (1936) and
O: 76—77, 119, & 123. 1936; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn.
5. 1939; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names ll. 190;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 2h & 87.

1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 9. 192; Moldenke, Alph.
List Cit. 1: 75, 76, & 185 (196), 2: 569 & 649—651 (19485, and
4: 1079, 1080, 1094, 1157, 1158, & 1206. 1949; Moldenke, Known

Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 2 & 177. 1949; Alain in Leén
& Alain, Fl. Cuba : 305 & 308, fig. 131. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé
50, 213, & hhh. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 97 (1966) and 1h:

- 1966.

Illustrations: Alain in Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba : fig. 131.
1957.

Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 2—}; feet
tall, growing in woods, open pine woods, and cutover scrubby pine-
land on serpentine-limonite plateaus, as well as on wet savannas,
at 800 m. altitude, flowering in April, July, November, and Decen-
ber, and fruiting in April, July, and December. Webster calls it
"a rare shrub with purple berries"; actually the fruits are drupes.
Marie-Victorin and his associates tell us that it grows with Anas-
traphia victorinii and in Pinus cubensis woods. The corollas are
described as having been "pink" on R. A. Howard 5900, "pale, al-

C. Bucher 100g, 100u, 100w, & 100y, "pale lavender" on Mrs. G. C.
Bucher 100 L, and "brighter lavender, almost purple” on her 100m.
Mrs. Bucher has provided me with a large series of specimens
from the Moa region of Oriente, Cuba. For a time I was of the o-
pinion that her no. 16, at least, was worthy of specific designa-
tion as C. inopina Moldenke, but her series of no. 100's contains

examples of so many variations and intergradations that it seems

to me now that all her collections had better be included in Ur-
ban's C. oblanceolata. A modified description, based on her no.
16, is as follows: "Shrub; branches slender, gray, densely farina-
ceous with gray or whitish furf, very much less so in age, obscure-
ly tetragonal, somewhat flattened and ampliate at the nodes; nodes
not annulate; principal internodes 1—3 cm. long or the uppermost
more abbreviated; leaves decussate-opposite, abundant; petioles
slender, 5—1l1 m. long, grayish-farinaceous, obscurely and shal-

348 PRY PO oOcGrlvs Vol. 21, no. 5

lowly canaliculate above, keeled beneath; leaf-blades coriaceous,
gray-green above when mature, brunnescent above in drying when
immature, sordid-grayish or -yellowish beneath both when immature
and mature, narrowly elliptic, 2—-l.7 cm. long, 8—17 m. wide,
blunt or subacute at the apex, entire and slightly revolute along
the margins (occasionally strongly revolute toward the base on
older leaves), minutely white-stellate above when immature, glab-
rescent and shiny in age, often sparsely impressed black-punctate
toward the base above, acute at the base, very densely stellate—
tomentellous or -farinaceous with very closely appressed whitish
or yellowish furf beneath; midrib slender, impressed above, prom-
inent beneath; secondaries very short, about 7 per side, ascending,
arcuate toward the margins and there rather obscurely anastomosing
beneath; veinlet reticulation sparse, indiscernible above, only
the largest portions discernible beneath; inflorescence supra-
axillary; cymes usually one pair at the termination of the year's
growth, 2.5--3.5 cm. long, 1.5--2.5 cm. wide, many-flowered, sev-
eral times dichotomous, densely yellowish-furfuraceous throughout;
peduncles slender, about 1 cm. long, flattened; pedicels minute
or obsolete; bractlets 1 mm. long or less, subulate, densely yel-
lowish-furfuraceous; prophylla obsolete; calyx campanulate, firm,
subtetragonal, about 2.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, sparsely granu-
lar-pulverulent outside, its rim subtruncate, minutely apiculate;
corolla small, hypocrateriform, its tube broadly infundibular,
cylindric at the base, about 2 m. long, broadly ampliate above,
glabrous (or very sparsely granular—pulverulent at the apex out-
side), its limb l-parted, the lobes broadly elliptic-lingulate, a-
bout 1.2 mm. long and wide, obtuse at the apex, sparsely gramlar-
pulverulent outside; stamens 4, inserted about 0.5 mm. above the
base of the corolla-tube; filaments filiform, to 3.5 mm. long,
glabrous, one sometimes much shorter; anthers oblong, to 1.2 mn.
long and 0.7 m. wide, opening by longitudinal slits.

Mrs. Bucher's nos. "10a, 100b, 100e, & 100h have the leaf-
blades decidedly pale beneath, 1 Toor & | & 100j hav have them pale and
with curled edges, 100m has peated extra “wide, 100k has them wide
and also pale, 100q has has them long and slender, 10 100y has all the
edges of the leaf-blades revolute, 100s gata HIRE both large and
small leaves on the same branches (it w. was collected in November,
the rainy season), 100v has wide leaves said by the collector to
be "very tan underneath, not gray", 100w has its leaf-blades sparse-
ly dentate toward the apex and is said by the collector to have had
“wider leaves and scattered flowers", 100r also shows the leaves
decidedly toothed at the apex and of it the collector notes "These
certainly look different — wavy edges — smaller flowers in more
delicate arrangement", concerning 100c & 100d she says "All these
leaves look different, more veined, rougher a and wider", and con-
cerning 100g she asks "and what of this leaf, under [side] not
clean tan?" -clément 4122 has its leaf-blades all sharp—pointed at
the apex, while Leén & & Clément 23128 [July 1949] has relatively
huge leaves and certainly does not look like C. oblanceolata at all!

[to be continued]

BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke

"BEFORE NATURE DIES" by Jean Dorst, translated by Constance D.
Sherman, 352 pp., illus., Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
02107. 1970. $8.95.

These well expressed thoughts about this most important topic
first appeared in Switzerland in 1965 under the title of "Avant
que Nature Meure". The translator has rendered a faithful and
smooth language switch such as she previously provided in the
author's earlier "Migration of Birds" and has also brought statis-
tical materials up to date. The book is well illustrated with
colored and black-and-white photographs and line drawings, well
indexed, and well documented with bibliography.

Contrasting the minor effects of the smaller mumber of pre-
industrial humans on their environment with that of the burgeoning
populations of today that are destroying the land, water, air and
energy sources, the author provides valid, concrete and convincing
suggestions of how modern man can live as one with nature and so
provide for his ow survival.

The printing is neat and easily legible. Only two small errors
were noted: on p. 257 the letter "v" is inverted in "have" and on
p. 323 the "f" is omitted in "four". On p. 187 "wheat smut" is

equated with Lychnis [Agrostemma] githago.

"MAN AND THE NATURAL WORLD — An Introduction to Life Science" by
Coleman J. & Olive B. Goin, x & 63 pp., illus., The Macmil-
lan Company, Riverside, New Jersey 08075. 1970. $9.95.

In the preface to this attractive text the authors state that
they "believe that the general student, to be a well-informed
citizen, should not only have an understanding of his ow body,
his own reproductive process, and his own inheritance, but should
also have a sufficient biological background to comprehend the
problem of population control, the genetic effects of radiation,
the implications of pollution, and the basic concepts of behavior
[and they] do not feel that such technical details as the anatomy
of the clam or the whole series of reactions involved in the tri-
carboxylic acid cycle are a necessary part of the core of know-
ledge of a banker, lawyer, merchant, or housewife." This emphasis
is logical and the approach is simple: in fact, so simple that it
does not go much beyond the better of the new high school biology
texts. But the use of this text is far wiser for the non-biology
major than those texts so burdened in their opening chapters with
detailed microbiology and biochemistry that the students are not
"turned on" by this wonderful field of learning.

Many of the diagrams are beat 9 helpful but the one on p. 125

9

350 PE Yeh CO LO Tk Vol. 21, no. 5

adds nothing but errors.

The references given after each chapter are usually easily ac-
cessible and easily readable, but no references are given to such
a popular scientific work as Dr. Paul Ehrlich's "Population Bomb"
and other writings.

On p. 161 apparently is misspelled and on p. 126 an infinitive
is split.

"INTRODUCTION TO THE FINE STRUCTURE OF PLANT CELLS" by Myron C.
Ledbetter & Keith R. Porter, ix & 188 pp., illus., Springer-
Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, N. Y. 10010. 1970.
$1.80.

With 51 exquisite oversized full plates and 8 text figures,
with matching and provocative text, and with related literature
references for each, the authors have presented a work of art and
science to viewers. These should be many, many more than just
the amateur, student, teaching and professional cytologists and
electron microscopists. What a pleasure and orienter this col-
lection of electron micrographs could be for all beginning and
stumbling biology students first at their microscopes! All schools
should have a few copies of this book on their library shelves,
especially since the price is so reasonable.

This atlas includes general and fine cell structure, dividing
cells, cell walls and plasmodesmata, vascular tissues, sc(h)leren-
chyma and collenchyma, epidermal cells and variants, photosynthet-
ic cells and apparatus, cells with special inclusions, and germin-
ative cells.

The printing and paper are of high quality. On p. 3) Allium
is misspelled; on p. 121 the genus and species names are run to-
gether.

"THE VEGETATION OF THE NEW JERSEY PINE=BARRENS — An Ecologic
Investigation" by John W. Harshberger, xi & 329 pp., illus.,
map, unabridged republication of the 1916 edition. Dover
Publications Co., New York, N. Y. 10014. 1970. $3,50
paperback.

Especially because of the increasing interest in ecology on the
part of the general public as well as that of the scientists and
because of airfield construction threats, many scientists and
aroused citizens will be interested in studying and preserving
this distinctive area in New Jersey. This sturdy paperback book
will provide valuable and interesting information. It is so good
to have it freshly available now. It is hoped that the companion
volume by Witmer Stone, "The Plants of Southern New Jersey, with
Especial Reference to the Flora of the Pine-Barrens and the Geo-
graphic Distribution of the Species", may also be made similarly
available soon.

Harshberger deals with the following topics: physiography and
geography, man's commercial effects, various phytogeographical

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 351

formations, plants of each area, cone production, insect galls, .
and finally pine-barren plants from an evolutionary viewpoint. The
many photographs add considerably to the text and in some cases
show "what was" under a present farm or housing development.
Naturally the plant nomenclature is that of 60 years ago and the
index is still far from complete.

"PROGRESS IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY", Volume 2 edited by L. Reinhold & Y.
Liwschitz, ix & 512 pp., illus., Interscience Publishers of
John Wiley & Sons, London, New York, N. Y. 10016, Sydney &
Toronto. 1970. $27.50.

This series performs effectively a necessary service for both
the "initiated and the uninitiated" who wish to keep abreast of the
rapid developments in phytochemistry. The eight papers are well
written, well printed (accessory is misspelled on p. 150), well
illustrated and well documented with full and recent biblio-
graphies. All is indexed.

‘The topics are: 1 - biochemistry of pollen, 2 - C},-dicarboxylic
acid pathway in photosynthesis affecting different chloroplasts
and conditions than the Calvin cycles, 3 - fraction-l protein and
photosynthetic COo-fixation in chloroplasts, ) - mutual and antag-
onistic relations among certain plants, their insect visitors and
avoiders, their isoprenoids, and the role and development of
specialized insect hormones in plants, 5 - non-protein amino acids
in plants and their antimetabolite actions, 6 = prenyl phytoquin-
ones including the role polyprenyl quinones as redox carriers in
electron transplant and coupling agents from it to phosphoryla-
tion in mitochondria and chloroplasts, 7 - ethylene with its
abscissic and fruit ripening actions, and 8 - limonoids limited
to the Meliaceae and the Rutaceae and quassinoids limited to the

Simaroubaceae.

"THE INDUCTION OF FLOWERING — Some Case Histories" edited by L.
T. Evans, 488 pp., illus., Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
N. Y. 14850. 1969. $18.50.

Between the covers of this book is well gathered and carefully
evaluated a vast amount of valuable material in a most convenient
form. The case histories by different authors are of Xanthium
strumarium, Glycine max, Pharbitis nil, Perilla, Chenopodium r ru-
brum, Lemn a perpusilla, Cannabis sativa, Kalanchoé blossfeldiana,

Fragari da, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Aral Arabidopsis th thaliana, Sinapis
alba, Toltum temulentum, Silene armeria, Brassica campes campestris, Ana-
gallis arven arvensis, Pisum sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Cestrum
nocturnum and Bryophyllum. Ea ‘ Each is discussed with reference to
experimental work according to the following topics: history,
growth and growing techniques, inflorescence structure, effects of
aging, vernalization, photoperiod response, spectral dependence,
endogenous rhythms, fractional induction, photoperiodic inhibition

352 PH YP ORL O2G. Tee Vol. 2, no. 5

and dual responses, effects of temperature and mineral nutrition
and gas composition, translocation of the floral stimulus, graft-
ing, growth promoters and retardants, florigenic extracts, in-
duction of excised apices, and chemical and ultrastructural
changes at induction.

The final chapter is an excellent summary by the editor. "In-
ductive photoperiodic conditions lead to the export from leaves of
floral stimuli which may differ between plants. Non-inductive
conditions can lead to the export of inhibitors of flower evoca-
tion, whose production is also under photoperiodic control.
Besides these primary photoperiodic stimuli there may also be pro-
duced a more stable, and possibly more universal, graft-
transmissible flower hormone. This can be generated, indepen-
dently of floral evocation, by extended photoperiodic induction
of leaves (Perilla), or by secondary induction of young leaves
(Xanthium) or defoliated leaves (Silene), or simply with increas-
ing age (Pisum). There is thus a multiplicity of floral stimuli,
and what is a positive stimulus to floral evocation in one plant
or condition may be inhibitory to it in another, as are the
gibberellins and abscisin."

Each paper is well printed and has its own detailed biblio—-
graphy, adding so much to all the valuable data given.

The price is more astronomical than botanical!

TWO NEW VARIETIES OF PIPEWORT
Harold N. Moldenke

LEIOTHRIX DUBIA var. VILLOSA Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis densissime albo—-
villosis pilis antrorsis recedit. This variety differs from the
typical form of the species in having its peduncles very densely
white-villous with antrorse hairs.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, H. Maxwell,
and D. C. Wasshausen (no. 204,81) in a wet campo in an area of campo
slopes and sandstone outcrops in the Serra do Cipé, at km. 115 about
14,0 km. north of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on February
19, 1968, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York
Botanical Garden.

SYNGONANTHUS DENSIFLORUS var. GLABRESCENS Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis vaginisque glabris
vel subglabratis recedit.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, R. Souza,
J. W. Grear, and R. Reis dos Santos (no. 17022) on a periodically
flooded campo, 00 m. alt., ca. 30 km. S. of xavantina, Mato Grosso,
Brazil, on June 12, 1966, and is deposited in my personal herbarium
at Plainfield, New Jersey.

365

" PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

Vol. 21 July, 1971 No. 6

CONTENTS

WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XVII .............4..
DEGENER, O. & I., Review and comments about a thing ...........
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of the
TARO. WED SL! 825 envied Noe dk op Sd ee cee
ROBINSON, H., Four new species of mosses from Peru ............
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XXXVIII. A new genus, Peteravenia ........
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XLII. A new genus, Eupatorina ...........
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XLIII. A new genus, Antillia .............
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XLIV. The genus, Radlkoferotoma .........
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). LXV. A new genus, Fleischmanniopsis...... .
ADAMS, C. D., Miscellaneous additions and revisions to the flowering
OES OE SME 4 GIRS ae IR I A Se a PO a Rae
meer, O, & 1. Sophora'in Hawall 5 osc ec eo ia Ba ke et
~ MOLDENKE, H. N., More new pipeworts from Brazil, a chastetree
from Ceylon, and new names in Premna............+.-.
IEE Shh” BOOK PRUICWISS oo eg enc os. cae bie a i ak hue
HALE, M. E., Jr., Parmelia permaculata, a new lichen from Alabama
UME MEECD AALS Pie. cena SS whgee ey Wey char kw. Seke et oe dD
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XXXVII ...

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.

a ae ee oe eee eel
4

Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7. 50, ,in advance,
or $8, at close of volume

han &

AUG 5

425
426

eee

197]

CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XVII.

John J. Wurdack
U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution

The present melastome miscellany continues the notes on
neotropical species based on data from my European trip under
the auspices of the Snithsonian Research Foundation and subse-
quent loans (Phytologia 20: 369-389. 1970; Phytologia 21: 115-
130. 1971). Included also is the beginning of publication on
the numerous collections assembled by J. Terborgh,T. R. Dudley,
J. Knox, M. T. Madison, and F. Wolfe from the region of the
northern outlier of the Cordillera Vilcabamba; this Peruvian
material was gathered under the auspices of the National
Geographic Society and National Science Foundation (Grant GB-
12378). Of course too, no melastome article would be complete
without some inclusion of the taxonomic problems continually
uncovered by Julian Steyermark and others in Venezuela.

MERIANIA VILCABAMBENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. boliviensi Cogn. affinis, foliorum subtus venis primariis
pilis pilulisque non pinoideis hypanthiis non appresso-setulosis
calycis dentibus exterioribus non vel paullulo (usque ad 1 m)
eminentibus differt.

Ramuli obscure quadrangulati demum teretes sicut foliorum
venae primariae subtus inflorescentia hypanthiaque modice vel
sparse caduceque granuloso-furfuracei, nodis linea elevata
interpetiolari notatis. Petioli 1-2 cm longi; lamina 10-17 xX
3.5-6.5 cm paulo obovato-elliptica apice breviter gradatimque
acuminato basi acuta, membranacea et obscure undulato-serrulata,
ubique in superficie glabra, subtus in venis primariis spar-
sissime caduceque setulosa pilis gracilibus laevibus 0.3-0.8 mm
longis inconspicue caduceque glanduliferis, 5 (-7)-plinervata
(pari interiore 1-2.5 cm supra basim divergenti) nervis secund-
ariis ca. 0.5 cm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis laxe
reticulatis (areolis ca. 1 m latis). Panicula laxa pauciflora
ca. 10 cm longa; flores 5-meri umbelliforme aggregati, pedicel-
lis 0.9-1.3 cm longis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 6 X 6-7 mm teretum
sparse nigro-tuberculatum; calycis tubus ca. 3 m longus, lobis
interioribus ca. 5 X 4.5-4.8 mm oblongis apice rotundato, dent-
ibus exterioribus ca. 1 mm liberis crassis ad anthesim non
eminentibus. Petala 16-17.5 X 12-13 mm obovata apice rotundato.
Stamina paulo dimorphica glabra; filamenta 11.5 vel 10.5 m
longa; antherarum thecae 9.5 vel 9 X 1.1 X 1.5 mm subulatae
declinatae, poro dorsaliter inclinato 0.5 mm diam.; connectivum
usque ad filamenti insertionem non prolongatum, dente basali
hebeti-acuto 4 X 1 X 0.6 m vel 2.6 X 0.8 X 2.3 mm, appendice
ascendenti hebeti 3 X 0.6 X 0.5 mm vel 2 X 0.2 X 0.6-0.3 m.
Stigma punctiforme; stylus 10 X 1-0.4 m glaber; ovarium

353

354 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

S-loculare glabrum, apice 5-lobato lobis hebetibus ca. 0.5 mm
altis.

Type Collection: T. R. Dudley 10595 (holotype NA; isotype
Us), collected in dense montane rainforest on steep damp banks
bordering Knox's Cascade, ca. 14 km NE from Hacienda Luisiana
and Rio Apurimac, Cordillera Vilcabamba, Prov. Convencion,
Depto. Cuzco, Peru, 73° 35' W, 12° 35' N, elev. 1730 m, 28 June
1968. "Small tree 15-25 ft., 2-6 in. diam.; branches stiffly
ascending; lvs. dark green, glossy; fl. in terminal inflores-
cence, deep pink; anther horns deep purple.”

Paratype (topotypical): 1. R. Dudley 10583 (NA, US).

Meriania boliviensis has relatively broader and basally
less attenuate leaf blades, with distinctly stellulate-pinoid
primary vein hairs on the lower surface (a few simple caducous
setulae intermixed); the hypanthia are densely covered with
stellulate-pinoid hairs (sone hairs with protracted setuliform
tips) and the densely pinoid-puberulent external calyx teeth
project ca. 3 mm beyond the interior lobes. Both species have
the basal connective spur on the small stamens much flattened
and broadened. Cogniaux' anther dimensions for M. boliviensis
apparently are from a bud, as mature anthers (Bang 288) are 9 or
6 mm long (dry), with the dorsal ascending appendage somewhat
smaller than in M. vilcabambensis. Another relative (ex char.)
of M. vilcabambensis, the Colombian M. tuberculata Triana,
differs at least in the (essentially) basally 7-nerved leaf
blades with rounded bases, somewhat costate hypanthia, and
shorter calyx lobes, as well as (if my determinations of several
recent Antioquia collections are correct: Daniel 1712; Core 1673
Scolnik & Barkley 19An197; Johnson & Barkley 186835) the stellu-
late-pinoid trichomes. Both of the recently described Cuzco
species, M. cuzcoana Wurdack and M. vargasii Wurdack, are quite
different vegetatively from M. vilcabambensis; the latter of the
two has somewhat the same leaf shape, but abundant foliar and
hypanthial pubescence and much longer external calyx teeth.

SALPINGA PERUVIANA (Cogn.) Wurdack, comb. nov.
Macrocentrum fasciculatum (Rich.) Triana var. peruvianum
Cogn., Bot. Jahrb. 42: 138. 1908.
Macrocentrum peruvianum (Cogn.) Macbride, Field Mus. Publ.
Bobs Js 27 «i 1eo
The phytogeography and fruit leave no doubts as to the pro-
per generic disposition of Cogniaux' variety; Macbride was
correct in his 1929 remarks about the distinctness from M.
fasciculatum. To S. peruviana, I have referred F. Wolfe 12319
NA, US), from the slopes of the Cerros del Sira, southwestern
slope of the Rfo Llullapichi watershed, Depto. Hudnuco, Peru,
elev. 1290 m ("Ascending herb; fl. white"); the Hudnuco material
has somewhat smaller (to 1.9 X 1.3 cm) leaf blades than in the
Weberbauer collection. Salpinga peruviana differs from S.
maranonensis Wurdack in the smaller leaf blades with shorter
0.5-1 mm long ) and less persistent hairs on the upper surfaces,
as well as the smaller flowers and fruit (petals 4-5 mm long and

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 355

white, rather than 16-19 mm long and pink; fruiting body 4-5 m
shorter). The Colombian S. dimorpha (Gleason) Wurdack and the
Peruvian S. ciliata Pilger differ at least in the larger and
more prominently toothed leaf blades and larger flowers.

LEANDRA STEYERMARKII Wurdack, sp. nov.

L. aristigerae (Naud.) Cogn. et L. lasiopetalae Cogn.
affinis, habitu et foliis minoribus differt.

Ramuli radicantes sicut petioli foliorum venae primariae
subtus inflorescentia hypanthiaque densiuscule pilis patentibus
glanduliferis gracilibus laevibus plerumque ca. 0.6-1 mm longis
densiuscule induti et pilis stellulatis ca. 0.05 mm latis modice
puberuli. Folia in quoque par in dimensionibus paulo dimorphica
(ca. 1:1.5-2); petioli 0.6-1.2 cm longi; lamina (acumine excluso)
3-7.5 X 1.5-4 cm, elliptico-oblonga apice per 1-1.5 cm sub-
abrupte acuminato basi paulo (0.2-0.3 cm) cordata, membranacea
et obscure undulato-serrulata, supra in superficie sparse
appresso-setulosa pilis 0.5-1 mm longis glanduliferis demum
caducis in venis primariis sparse pilis pinoideis 0.2-0.3 m
longis setulosa, subtus sparsiuscule pilis erectis caduce
glanduliferis laevibus ca. 1 mm longis induta, 5-nervata nervis
secundariis plerumque 0.4-0.5 cm inter se distantibus nervulis
subtus paullulo elevato-reticulatis (areolis ca. 0.5-1 m latis).
Panicula terminalis pauciflora 2.5-4 em longa, ramis divari-
catis; flores 5-meri, pedicellis supra bracteolas ca. 0.3-0.5
mm longis, bracteolis inconspicuis 0.3-0.4 mm longis glandu-
loso-setulosis persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 m
longum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm altus, lobis interioribus ca. 0.5
mm altis ovatis, dentibus exterioribus glanduloso-setulosis
0.6-0.7 mm eminentibus; torus sparse glanduloso-setulosus (0.1-
0.15 mm). Petala 2.8 X 1 mm lanceolato-oblonga granulosa (apice
hebeti-acuto) extus per costam sparse glanduloso-setulosa et
dente glanduloso-setuloso 0.5-0.6 mm longo et ca. 0.3-0.4 mm
eminente armata. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 1.6 m
longa; antherarum thecae lanceatae 2.2-2.3 X 0.3 mm, connectivo
basaliter paulo (0.2 mm) prolongato non appendiculato. Stigma
truncatum; stylus glaber, 4 X 0.25 mm, in ovarii collo 0.3 m
immersus; ovarium (unum dissectum) 4-loculare 0.6 inferum, apice
conico 0.6 mm alto granuloso sparse setuloso (setulis ca. 10,
0.1-0.15 mm longis).

Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark & G. S. Bunting 102757
(holotype US 2585847A; isotype VEN), collected near the airport
at San Carlos de Rfo Negro, Terr. Amazonas, Venezuela, elev.

125 m, 17-18 April 1970. "Vining; stem slender; leaves membra-
nous, rich green above, pale green below with raised nerves;
petioles green, with brownish hairs; inflorescence branches pale
green; calyx pale green; petals white."

Both suggested relatives are erect shrubs with leaf blades
about 2-3 times as large as in L. steyermarkii and stamen connec-
tives not at all prolonged. Leandra aristigera has longer
external calyx teeth and longer corolla mucros, while L.
lasiopoda has shortly pseudo-plinerved leaf blades with broadly

356 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

acute bases. Despite my recent perplexity with this complex
(Phytologia 20: 377-378. 1970), L. steyermarkii seems specifi-
cally distinct. In vegetative pubescence, the San Carlos
species resembles Clidemia stellipilis (Gleason) Wurdack and
in habit, Clidemia epibaterium DC.

MICONIA DUDLEYI Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. phlebodi Wurdack affinis, foliorum laminis ad basim
acutis venularum subtus areolis latioribus hypanthiorum pubes-
centia stellulata petalis ovariisque glabris antherarum thecis
late porosis differt.

Frutex vel arbor 3-9 m; ramuli plusminusve ancipiti, sicut
foliorum venae primariae secundariaeque subtus inflorescentia
hypanthiaque pilis pinoideo-stellulatis 0.1-0.15 mm longis
latisque modice vel dense induti; ramorum inflorescentiarumque
nodi pilis barbellatis usque ad O.5 mm longis densiuscule
caduceque armati. Petioli 2.5-4.5 cm longi; lamina 15-33 X
6-15 cm oblongo-elliptica apice subabrupte breviterque (usque
ad 2 cm) acuminato basi acuta, membranacea et undulato-serru-
lata, supra glabra, subtus in venulis sparse stellulato-
furfuracea in superficie glabra, 5-nervata (pari inframarginali
tenui incluso) nervis secundariis ca. 1 cm inter se distantibus
sicut tertiariis subtus paulo elevatis nervulis planis areolis
ca. 0.5 mm latis. Panicula ca. 15-20 cm longa multiflora ramis
primariis in quoque nodo plerumque 4, bracteis 3-5 X 0.2-0.5 mm
valde caducis, bracteolis non visis; flores 5-meri sessiles in
ramulis interrupto-glomerati. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.3-2.5 mm
longum; calycis tubus 0.5-0.7 m altus limbo paulo (0.1-0.2 m)
undulato-denticulato, dentibus exterioribus minutis non eminent-
ibus. Petala glabra 2.5-2.9 X 1.2-1.4 mm obovato-oblonga apice
paulo emarginato. Stamina paulo dimorphica glabra; filamenta
2.5-3 mm longa; antherarum thecae 2-2.3 X 0.25 X 0.4 mm vel
1.2-1.9 X 0.2 X 0.25 mm oblongae, poro lato; connectivum non
prolongatum dorsaliter ad basim dente hebeti descendente 0.2 mm
vel O.1 mm armatum. Stigma paulo expansum O.4 mm diam.; stylus
glaber 7-7.5 X 0.2 mm; ovarium 3(-4)-loculare 0.8 inferum apice
glabro 0.2 mm alto.

Type Collection: T. R. Dudley 11489 (holotype US 2587599A;
isotype NA), collected in rainforest at edge of Rfo Mapitunuari
ca. 4 km NE from Hacienda Luisiana and Rfo Apurimac, 12° 30' S,
74° 30' W, Prov. Convencion, Depto. Cuzco, Peru, elev. ca. 670m
31 July 1968. "Heavy robust many-stemmed clump-forming shrub
15-20 ft. tall; lvs. dark green and glossy above, yellowish and
glossy below, up to 2.5 ft. long; fl. white; mature fruit brown-
ish purple.”

Paratypes: Dudley 11509 (fruiting) and M. T. Madison 10045
(young bud), both topotypical; Killip & Smith 25891 (US), from
Porvenir, Pichis Trail, Depto. Junin, Peru, elev. 1500-1900 m.

Miconia phlebodes has obtuse- to truncate-based leaf blades
with finer venule areoles, hypanthia granulose-furfuraceous,
petals granulose externally, anthers with narrower pores and
bilobed connective bases, and granulose ovary apices. Miconia

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 357

herrerae Gleason has similar foliage but larger trichomes,
smaller inflorescences with pleiostemonous flowers glomerulate
only at the branchlet ends, broader hypanthia, and relatively
wider petals (2.5 X 1.6-1.9 mm); although several recent collec-
tions have been attributed to M. herrerae, the only one truly
comparable with the holotype is Vargas 18339 (Macchupicchu,
Cuzco), the other material so identified actually being related
(undescribed?) to M. eriocalyx Cogn., M. falcata Cogn., and

M. dipsacea Naud. None of the other Miconia species with gross
facies similar to M. dudleyi (M. zubenetana Macbride, M. egensis
Cogn.) seems closely related in floral features. The Junin
collection of M. dudleyi was mistakenly distributed as M.
scorpioides (S. & C.) Naud.; that widespread species (correctly
M. trinervia [Sw.] Don ex Loud.) has plinerved leaf blades and
flowers unilateral on the inflorescence branchlets.

MICONIA SPENNEROSTACHYA Naud.

Miconia pauciglandulosa Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot.
16: 183. 1851.

All of the Poeppig collections (W) cited by Cogniaux show
nectaries adaxially on the petiole apices or leaf blade bases
and flowers secund on the ultimate inflorescence branchlets; the
buds of Mathews 1305 (FI) have anther connectives basally with
glands. Gleason (Bull. Torrey Club 58: 237. 1931) and Macbride
(Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13, 4: 454. 1941) had earlier (and
correctly) synonymized M. aspiazui Macbride and M. nectaria
Macbride under M. spennerostachya. The leaf shape and degree
of plinervation are quite variable; M. aspiazui conforms to
M. spennerostachya var. angustifolia Cogn. Among the available
collections, the amount of plinervation and also nectary develop-
ment is least in Klug 2620. Despite the previous descriptions,
all material of M. spennerostachya has the petals granulose, the
styles sparsely to moderately beset with clavate glands basally,
the ovary apices moderately beset with minute glands, and the
ovaries predominantly 4-5-celled. Undoubtedly the closest rela-
tive of M. spennerostachya is M. venulosa Wurdack, with no
foliar nectary development and eglandular anther connectives;
recent collections of M. venulosa include Asplund 18898 (Napo-
Pastaza, Ecuador), Prieto ChuP-10 (Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador)
and Woytkowski 7539 (Loreto, Peru; distributed as M. prasina).

MICONIA BUNTINGII Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. tetragonae Cogn. affinis, ramulis teretibus ramulorum
inflorescentiarum hypanthiorumque trichomatibus maioribus pinoid-
eis stigmate non expanso differt.

Ramuli subteretes sicut petioli foliorum venae primariae
subtus inflorescentiaque dense pilis pinoideis 0.1-0.15 mm diam.
longisque induti; lineae interpetiolares non evolutae. Petioli
1-2 cm longi; lamina (acumine excluso) 5-14 X 3-6.5 cm, elliptim
apice subabrupte angusteque acuminato (1-1.8 cm) basi late acuta,
membranacea et integra, ubique primum sparse pinoideo-puberula,
supra glabrata, 5-nervata nervis secundariis ca. 0.4-0.5 cm

358 PET 0 G:6'G fa Vol. 21, no. 6

inter se distantibus nervulis subtus inconspicuis planis laxe
reticulatis (areolis ca. 0.7-1 mm latis). Panicula ca. 10 cm
longa lataque multiflora, ramis primariis secundariisque in
quoque nodo plerumque 4; flores 5-meri alabastris maturis solum
cognitis, bracteolis O.2-0.3 mm longis mox caducis ad hypanthi-
orum bases insertis, pedicellis 0.4-0.6 mm longis. Hypanthium
(ad torum) 1.2-1.4 mm longum extus modice pinoideo-puberulum;
calyx ca. 0.2 mm longus paullulo (0.05-0.1 mm) 5-undulatus,
dentibus exterioribus minutis non eminentibus. Petala 1.2 X

1 mm suborbicularia paulo granulosa. Stamina vix dimorphica
glabra; thecae 0.3 X 0.15-0.2 mm; connectivum 0.6 m vel 0.4 m
prolongatum dorsaliter infra filamenti insertionem 0.4 mm vel
O.1 mm prolongatum. Stigma non expansum; stylus glaber in
ovarii apicem ca. 0.3 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare 4 inferum
apice conico paullulo lobulato vix granuloso.

Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark & G. S. Bunting 102930
(holotype US 2585825A; isotype VEN), collected in rainforest
7-9 km from Yavita on the way to Pimichfn, Terr. Amazonas,
Venezuela, elev. 125 m, 22 April 1970. "Tree 8 m; leaves
membranous, dull green above, dull green below with dull yellow
nerves and midrib.”

Miconia tetragona has sharply tetragonal young branchlets
with substellulate hairs ca. 0.05 mm diam., hypanthia resinous-
granulose outside, small anthers not appendaged, and a sub-
peltate stigma ca. O.7 mm diam. Miconia perturbata Wurdack has
firmer very shortly blunt-acuminate leaf blades glabrous on the
lower surface, larger flowers, and definite triangular calyx
lobes 0.2-0.3 mm long. Other Miconia species with vegetative
and inflorescence aspect rather similar to M. buntingii include
M. regelii Cogn. (inflorescence branches opposite; anthers
longer), M. tetrasperma Gleason and M. tetraspermoides Wurdack
(firmer leaf blades, acute petals, long anther thecae), and
M. pilgeriana Ule (firmer and somewhat larger leaf blades,
basally exappendiculate anther connectives, and rimose anther
thecae rounded at the apex). The anther dehiscence in M.
buntingii was not ascertainable from the mature flower buds.
Miconia eugenioides Triana grows in the same region as M.
buntingii, but is distinguishable by the finer pubescence,
firmer leaf blades glabrous on the lower surface, much longer
acutish petals, lanceate anther thecae with cordulate connec-
tive appendages, and truncate ovary apices.

MICONIA MALATESTAE Macbride

Collected thrice recently at Carpish, Huanuco, Peru
(Asplund 13118; Ferreyra 2295; Hutchison, Wright, & Straw 5940),
the species is distinguishable by the large firm finely serru-
late leaf blades with stout petioles and the well-developed
cauline nodal flaps. Macbride had placed M. malatestae in Sect.
Miconia; however, I believe that it is a dioecious species of
Sect. Cremanium, known still only from female collections and
best placed near M. coelestis (Don) Naud. The type material of
M. coelestis (FI, OXF) shows similar but smaller flowers (also

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 359

female, with abortive anthers) and branchlet nodes without
developed flaps (the obscure interpetiolar lines marked by
roughened setulae 0.3-0.5 mm long).

MICONIA TABAYENSIS Wurdack, nom. nov.

Miconia micrantha Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 11:
27. 1947, nec M. micrantha Cogn. (Bull. Torrey Club 23: 16.
1896) nec M. micrantha Pilger (Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 47: 173.
1905; M. wittii Ule, nom. nov., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 6:
367. 1915).

Pittier published a nomen nudum (Cat. Fl. Venez. 2: 236.
1947) based upon Gehriger 595 and in the same year the des-
eription for M. micrantha based on the same collection; the
Instituto Botanico material has a third (but unpublished)
binomial indicated on their specimens. Aristeguieta and
Steyermark both have indicated (in correspondence) that the
relative dates of publication in 1947 cannot be established.
Miconia tabayensis is distinctive in its lower leaf surfaces
sparsely to moderately setulose with apically irregularly
branched or barbellate hairs 0.2-0.7 mm long. Another collec-
tion (topotypical) of M. tabayensis is Gehriger 382 (distrib-
uted as M. resimoides Cogn.), with male flowers; Gehriger 595
is female. Miconia laetevirens Uribe is superficially rather
like M. tabayensis, but has shorter less barbellate pubescence,
3-nerved leaf blades, and perfect flowers. Miconia purulensis
Donn. Smith has pubescence of clavate apically roughened but
basally smooth hairs and relatively narrower anther thecae
(1 X 0.3 mm), but is also dioecious. Miconia boliviensis Cogn.
has shorter (ca. 0.2 mn) clavate-pinoid hairs on the primary
veins of the lower leaf surfaces, rather densely robust-
ciliolate leaf margins, and considerably larger flowers.
Miconia acanthocoryne Wurdack has thicker 3-nerved caudate-
acuminate leaf blades and perfect flowers; the original stamen
dimensions given (Phytologia 5: 128) were erroneously magnified
by a factor of 3.

MICONIA LATIFOLIA (D. Don) Naud.

Chiloporus andinus Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot. 4: 57,
Pl. 3; fig. T. 1045.

Miconia andina (Naud.) Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot.
16: 236. 1851.

Miconia epiphytica Cogn., DC. Mon. Phan. 7: 934. 1891.

The type collections (OXF, P) of all the taxa have been
examined; Cogniaux evidently never saw the Pavon type of M.
latifolia, which is best matched in modern collections by Tovar
4080 (US) from Huancavelica, Peru. The degree of setula develop-
ment on stems and lower leaf surfaces is quite variable, but the
floral features (especially the short anthers) seem constant.
Both M. alpina Cogn. and M. fruticulosa Cogn. (material not at
hand) must be evaluated in connection with M. latifolia. Miconia
griffisii Macbride (isotype US) has hypanthia more-or-less setu-
lose and branchlets densely setulose, but does not seem to

360 PHY. T.0.L 0.G EA Vol. 2, no. 6

differ in internal floral features from M. latifolia; it is
perhaps infraspecifically distinct. Macbride described M.
ottikeri as with 5-lobed fruiting calyces; however the US
isotype has definitely 4-merous’ fruit. In M. ottikeri (but
with no real conviction as to the specific distinctness from

M. latifolia), I have placed two recent collections (both with
larger leaf blades than the type; style and filaments glabrous):
Wurdack 1688 and Sanchez 357, both from the Cerros de Calla-
Calla, Amazonas, Peru.

MICONIA THYRSIFLORA (Don) Naud.

Miconia integrifolia Cogn., DC. Mon. Phan. 7: 936. 1891.

Both types (G-BOISS, OXF) actually are identical, probably
parts of the same collection. The species differs from M.
latifolia in the densely pinoid-puberulous branchlets, entire
leaf blades, slightly smaller flowers, densely (rather than
sparsely) glandular-puberulous styles, and galeate (rather than
capitellate) stigmas. The original publication by Don was as
Cremanium 3; the chain of misspellings (as
"thyrs idea") was started by De Candolle (Prodromus 3: 191.
1828) and followed by Naudin, Cogniaux, and Macbride but not
Triana; Naudin, rather than Triana, should be regarded as the
combining author (having cited De Candolle who in turn cited
Don), despite his spelling of the epithet. Macbride's note
about the affinities with M. flavescens Cogn. was a perceptive
remark; actually both M. flavescens and M. mandonii Cogn. have
h-merous flowers and the latter species also has galeate stig-
mas. As alluded by Macbride in the Flora of Peru, his photo-
graph (17179) and that of Gleason (7-2) from the Berlin herb-
arium are actually of M. nitida (Don) Naud., rather than M.
thyrsiflora. Another, Pavon specimen mixup is with M. laurina
(Don) Naud.; the Pavon collections (OXF, US, the latter ex
Herb. Lambert) represent a form of M. media (Don) Naud. with
essentially entire-margined leaf blades. Probably M. laurina
should be regarded as a subspecies of M. media, but more
collections are needed (cf. Phytologia 9: 421. 1964).

ALLONEURON Pilger

Among New World melastomes, two characters rarely occur,
haplostemony and capsular fruit developing from an inferior
ovary. The conjunction of these features appears only in
Alloneuron Pilger, Cyphostyla Gleason, and Allomaieta Gleason.
Other genera with haplostemony (no trace of the antepetalous
stamens or staminodia) include Poteranthera Bongard (one of the
two species), Siphanthera Pohl ex DC. (a few species), Monochae-
tum Naud. (a few species), and Miconia R. & P. (one species, M.
tetrandra [Sw. ] Naud.), all except Miconia with superior ovaries
and capsular fruits. Diplostemonous genera with inferior
ovaries followed by capsular fruit are Tateanthus Gleason and
(ex descr.) Merianthera Kuhlm. Pittier (Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 19: 184. 1929) ascribed leathery capsules to Anaectocalyx
latifolia Cogn.; the currently available collections of

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 361

Anaectocalyx are insufficient to affirm or deny this feature.
Cyphostyla and Allomaieta were segregated by Gleason into a
separate tribe, Cyphostyleae; both genera have simple smooth
trichomes and relatively large flowers with exappendiculate
anthers and 5-celled ovaries. The present collections of the
Cyphostyleae are quite inadequate for further generic elucida-
tion; however, Cyphostyla hirsuta Gleason is currently being
evaluated by Charles Schnell in connection with Conostegia
myriasporoides Triana.

While Macbride was studying the synonymy of Meiandra Mef.
under Alloneuron (Trop. Woods 17: 13. 1929), the branchlet wood
structure was found by Record to conform with that of the
Miconieae rather than Memecyleae; further study of the anatomy
of mature wood is ore a recent sample having been collected
with Cuatrecasas 15764 (usw 33129). In superficial vegetative
facies, the two species of Alloneuron from lowland Amazonian
Peru and Colombia resemble Gesneriaceae; both species have
stellulate as well as simple smooth hairs and pedicellate
flowers unilaterally arranged on the inflorescence branchlets.
The four species now being described differ from the original
two in the pinoid to squamate trichomes (in the inflorescences
microscopically and very caducously gland-tipped ) and nearly
sessile glomerulate flowers (the glomerules perhaps actually
with unilateral flowers borne on a much shortened axis, but
this feature not really evaluable superficially in pressed
specimens) ; nonetheless, in internal floral features, all six
species are much alike.

While Pilger described A. ulei Pilger as with 2-celled
ovaries (followed by Macbride in the Flora of Peru), Markgraf's
diagnoses for both species of Meiandra cited 3-celled ovaries;
I believe that Markgraf's description of this feature is the
correct one for the genus. The capsular dehiscence is at first
central through the hypanthium wall, at length extending to the
capsule apex; the seeds are pyramidate and smooth. As to
flower-mery, A. ulei was cited as 4-merous, but the synonymous
Meiandra minor Mgf. was described as 5-merous; in the only
available “collection of A. ulei (Cuatrecasas 8847, from
Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia), agreeing perfectly otherwise
with the descriptions and type photograph (Macbride 17396),
five petals are visible on each of three flowers and the ovary
is definitely 3-locular. An isotype (NY) of A. maius (Mgf.)
Mgf. ex Macbr. has been examined. ‘The three El Valle (Colombia)
collections of Alloneuron have been generic irritations for me
during the last 15 years; the Ayacucho (Peru) specimens, with
both flowers and fruit, provided the correlative spark.

The species of Alloneuron may be keyed as follows:

1. Leaf blades equally pinnate-veined throughout; cauline
internodal pubescence stipitate-stellulate (strogly
barbellate at the apex) or stellulate.

2. Tree 30 m; leaf blades 5.5-9 cm wide....-.seeeeeee A
2. Shrub to 1 m; leaf blades 1.5-3 cm wide..........- A. ulei
1. Leaf blades with 5-7 strongly developed primary lateral

362 P-H.Y 7,04 036.5 A Vol. 21, no.

veins from below the lower 1/3 of the blade; cauline inter-
nodal pubescence pinoid-squamate or squamate, the trichome
bases protracted.
3. Leaf blades strongly plinerved, the inner pair of primary
veins diverging 2-4 cm above the blade base.
h, Leaf blades subrigid, gradually acute at the apex;

pubescence of lower leaf surface venules pinoid...... aaa
o eiayaiavatever era datha lala e.e ale, 6 e-e 6 sis'sete aleleielnials a's c Ue CUMS reCCanes im

4. Leaf blades membranaceous, caudate-acuminate at the apex;
pubescence of lower leaf surface venules squamulose......
meee c cece cer cer ec ec seer esececees oeeee A. dudleyi

3. Leaf blades inconspicuously plinerved, the inner pair of
primary veins diverging 0.3-1 cm above the blade base.

5. Leaf blades coriaceous, bullate above, broadly acute at

the apex; panicle many-flowered, 13-17 cm long...... «aia eve
eee cece eeeccens eceeee eee eeeeee eceseeee A. dullatum

5. Leaf blades membranaceous, plane above, acuminate at the
apex; panicle few-flowered, 2.5-4.5 cm long......seeeeeee
wee cece rece ccccescccscccccsccscccoevecs Ae Subslabrum

ALLONEURON CUATRECASASII Wurdack, sp. nov.

A. bullato Wurdack affinis, foliis distinctius plinervatis
basi acutis supra non bullatis differt.

Frutex; ramuli obscure rotundato-tetragoni sicut petioli
foliorum venae primariae subtus pilis crassis paulo compressis
0.2-0.7 mm longis appressis inconspicue asperis ad basim paulo
protractis persistentibus sparse vel modice armati. Petioli
1-1.5 cm longi; lamina 12-20 X 4.5-7.5 em elliptica apice
gradatim angusteque acuto basi anguste acuta, subrigida et
integra, supra glabra, subtus sparsiuscule puberula pilis
Pinoideis erectis 0.05-0.1 m longis, 5(-7)-plinervata pari
interiore 2.5-4 cm supra basim subalternatim divergenti nervis
secundariis 0.2-0.3 cm inter se distantibus subtus prominenter
elevatis nervulis supra indistincte et subtus paulo elevatis
(areolis ca. 1 m latis). Panicula multiflora 11-12 X 9-10 cm
modice appresso-setulosa pilis robustis usque ad 0.5 mm longis
dense inconspicueque barbellatis; flores ignoti. Hypanthium
fructiferum paulo (0.5 mm) pedicellatum ca. 2.5 mm longum extus
sparsiuscule pilis pinoideis 0.1-0.2 mm longis praeditum;
capsula infera 3-locularis; semina 0.7-0.8 X 0.2-0.25 mm
pyramidata laevia.

Type Collection: J. Cuatrecasas 15565 (holotype F 1295178;
isotypes NY, US), collected on the western slopes of the
Cordillera Occidental, "hoya del rfo Sanquinini, lado izquierdo,
La Laguna, bosques," Depto. El Valle, Colombia, elev. 1250-
1400 m, 10-20 Dec. 1943.

Of the examinable (undehisced) fruits, two showed five
external calyx teeth (stout, barbellate, non-projecting, ca.
O.3 mm long) and one had six calyx teeth.

ALLONEURON BULLATUM Wurdack, sp. nov.
A. dudleyi Wurdack affinis, foliis supra bullatis paulo

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 363

plinervatis ad basim obtusis vel rotundatis differt.

Ramuli rotundato-quadrangulati sicut petioli foliorum
subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque densiuscule appresso-
setulosi pilis 0.5-1(-1.3) mm longis robustis ad basim paulo
protractis paulo complanatis sub lente obscure muriculatis.
Petioli 1.5-3 cm longi; lamina 9-14 X 5-9.5 cm late elliptica
apice late obtuseque acuto basi obtusa vel rotundata, coriacea
et essentialiter integra, supra primum sparse bullato-setulosa
(setula ca. 0.2 mm longa mox caduca) demum glabra et reticulato-
rugosa, subtus in nervis secundariis nervulis superficieque
sparse setulosa pilis pinoideis plerumque 0.05-0.2 mm longis
persistentibus, breviter 5-plinervata (pari exteriore infra-
marginali neglecto) pari interiore 0.4-1 cm supra basim diver-
genti nervis secundariis 0.2-0.3 cm inter se distantibus sicut
nervis primariis tertiariisque supra impressis subtus promi-
nenter elevatis areolis subtus ca. 1-1.5 mm latis. Panicula
multiflora 13-17 X 9-17 cm; sepalorum limbus plerumque 5-
dentatus, dentibus setiformibus ca. 0.6 mm longis; flores
ignoti. Hypanthium fructiferum vix (0.2-0.5 mm ) pedicellatum
modice appresso-setulosum pilis pinoideis 0.1-0.6 mm longis;
capsula 3-valvata, valvis ca. 2.5 mm longis; semina numerosa
1 X 0.2-0.3 mm pyramidata laevia.

Type Collection: J. Cuatrecasas 22475 (holotype F 1302175;
isotypes F, NY, US), collected in "Cordillera Occidental, filo
de la Cordillera, cerro sobre el Alto de Mira (entre Tabor y
Carrizales)," Depto. El Valle, Colombia, elev. 2100-2350 m,

23 Oct. 1946. "Arbol. Hoja coridcea, concava, rugosa, ruda,
verde oscura, mate en la haz, grisdcea, verde clara envés."
Vern. name: "Nigtiito.”

ALLONEURON DUDLEYI Wurdack, sp. nov.

A. cuatrecasasii Wurdack affinis, foliis tenuioribus
plerumque angustioribus ad apicem caudato-acuminatis foliorum
subtus venarum secundariarum pilis squamulosis compressis
differt.

Frutex vel arbor 3-5(-8) m; rami sicut inflorescentiae
axis foliorum subtus venae primariae secundariaeque sparse vel
modice squamis 0.2-0.5(-1) mm longis ovatis vel lanceatis sub
lente papillosis armati. Petioli 0.7-3 cm longi; lamina
(acumine excluso) 7-19 X 2-4.5(-6.5) em elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica apice longiuscule (1-2 cm) angusteque acuminato basi
acuta, membranacea et integra, supra costa excepta glabra,
subtus in venulis sparse squamuloso-strigulosa (pilis ca. 0.1-
0.15 X 0.05-0.07 mm) et in venarum primariarum exteriorum
axillis sparse obscureque robusto-setulosa (pilis ca. 0.5-1 X
Ou. mm) , 7-plinervata pari exteriore tenuiore inframarginali
pari interiore 2-4 cm supra basim divergenti venulis subtus
planis densiuscule reticulatis (areolis ca. 0.3 mm latis).
Panicula 9-10 cm longa multiflora; flores haplostemoni 5-6-
meri sessiles in ramulorum brevium extremitatibus multiglomer-
ati, bracteolis non visis, alabastris maturis fructibusque
Bolum cognitis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca. 2.4 mm longum extus

36h, PHY TO Le iOcGa, oA. Vol. 21, no. 6

dense setulis appressis 0.4-0.7 mm longis teretibus minute
barbellatis indutum; calyx in alabastris ca. 0.6 mm altus
clausus (apice dentibus exterioribus setuliformibus armato)
demum ca. O.1 mm supra torum dehiscens. Petala glabra ca.
1.3 X 0.9 mm ovata apice hebeti-acuto. Filamenta ca. 0.6 mm
longa glabra; antherarum thecae 0.9 X 0.5 X 0.5 mm late
oblongae, appendice dorsali 0.3 X 0.3 mm descendente hebeti-
acuta. Stigma punctiforme; stylus glaber; ovarium 3-loculare
omnino inferum apice glabro 6-costato. Capsula trivalvis;
semina numerosa 0.7 X 0.3-0.35 mm pyramidata laevia.

Type Collection: M. T. Madison 10101 (holotype US
2585577A; isotype NA), collected in "cloud forest in full sun
at Camp 23 on the east side of the Rio Apurimac across from
the Hacienda Iuisiana," 73° 38' W, 12° 38' S, Cordillera
Vilcabamba, Prov. Convencion, Depto. Cuzco, Peru, elev. 1730 m,
20 June 1970. "Tree to 4-5 m tall, erect then spreading, with
flat crown; leaves glossy green, midrib scurfy; calyx light
green with white hairs."

Paratypes: T. R. Dudley 10385, 10389 and Madison 10181,
all topotypical and sterile; Dudley 11927 (fruiting) and Madison
10259 (sterile), from between Huanhuachayo and Punccho, ca.

30 km SW of Hacienda Luisiana, eastern massif of Cordillera
Central opposite Cordillera Vilcabamba, Prov. La Mar, Depto.
Ayacucho, Peru, 21 Aug. 1968.

Of the six buds dissected (all with 3-celled ovaries), four
were 6-merous and two were 5-merous. The petal and filament
dimensions are surely somewhat greater in flowers at anthesis.

ALLONEURON SUBGLABRUM Wurdack, sp. nov.

A. dudleyi Wurdack in trichomatum forma affinis, foliis
subsessilibus minus plinervatis paniculis paucifloris differt.

Ramuli teretes sicut petioli laminarum venae primariae
supra et subtus inflorescentiaque sparse vel sparsissime (in
nodis modice) strigulosi pilis 0.1-0.6(-1) mm longis paulo con-
pressis crassis sub lente basim versus imperspicue papillosis
ad basim paullulo protractis. Petioli 0.2-0.4 cm longi; lamina
5.5-9(-12) X 2.5-5 cm oblongo-ovata apice gradatim obtuseque
acuminato basi rotundata et inconspicue auriculata, integra et
distanter appresso-ciliolata, ubique in superficie glabra,
subtus secus venas primarias sparsissime setulosa pilis ca.
O.7-1l X 0.15-0.2 mm robustis laevibus et secus venulas spar-
Sissime caduceque pilis pinoideis 0.03-0.05 mm longis armata,
breviter 5-plinervata pari interiore 0.3-0.5 cm supra basim
divergenti nervis secundariis 0.3-0.5 cm inter se distantibus
nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.3-0.5 mm latis. Panicula
pauciflora 2.5-4.5 cm longa, ramulis ultimis 1-3-floris; flores
haplostemoni 4-S-meri, pedicellis 0.5 mm longis. Hypanthium
(ad torum) 1.3 mm longum extus sparse strigulosum pilis ad
basim densiuscule asperis; calycis vestigium ad anthesim sub-
truncatum ca. 0.2-0.3 mm longum. Petala ca. 2 X O.7 mm oblongo-
lanceata acuta extus sparse granulosa. Antherarum thecae 0.5-
0.6 X O.4-0.5 mm, minute uniporosae; appendix dorsalis 0.3 X

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 365

0.3 mm hebeti-acuta. Stigma punctiforme; stylus glaber;
ovarium 3-loculare omnino inferum glabrum. Capsula (2-)3-
locularis, valvis ca. 2 m longis; semina 0.6-0.7 X 0.25 mm
pyramidata laevia.

Type Collection: J. Cuatrecasas 15764 (holotype US
2338630; isotypes F, NY), collected at "Costa del Pacifico;
rfo Yurumguf{: veneral, bosques," Depto. El Valle, Colombia,
elev. 5-50 m, 29 Jan. 1944. "Arbol mediano. Hoja cartaceo-
herbacea, color verde grisaceo medio. Corteza delgada,
ocraceo-palida. Madera amarillo-ocracea, dura.” Vern. name:
"Mora."

CLIDEMIA RUBRA (Aubl.) Mart. and allies

As is evident from the comments and classifications of
previous workers in the melastomes, the complex of species
around spp. 40-46 of Cogniaux' monograph is a taxonomically

recalcitrant group; both Naudin (Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3 Bot. 17:

331-332. 1852) and Gleason (Brittonia 3: 132. 1939) discussed

the vegetative and floral variability. The floral details

(especially the hypanthial, toral, and ovarial pubescence)

recently have been examined by me on several hundreds of collec-

tions, with only a few useful features adduced. Omitted from
the present discussion are C. ulei Pilger and C. uribei Wurdack

(which are reasonably distinct units) and C. aphanantha Sagot,

C. micrantha Sagot, and C. francavillana Cogn. (inadequately

known, with few or no topotypical recent collections). Also

not considered is C. microthyrsa R. 0. Williams (with longish-
pedicellate larger flowers); Irwin et al 54496 and 55152 from

Suriname, as well as Krukoff 11822 from Maranhao, Brazil, are

tentatively referred here. The C. rubra complex in Venezuela

may be keyed as follows:

1. Petals each with an external infra-apically inserted gland-
ular setula 0.4-0.8 mm long; ovary apex glabrouS.......eeeees
cc ccc cece cece coc cccccescecssceccescsscsscessses Co monantha

1. Petals glabrous; ovary apex usually setulose.

2. Petioles less than 1 cm long.
3. Hypanthial hairs in part gland-tipped; ovarial hairs
sparse, 0.1-0.2(-0.3) mm long............++ C. rubra
3. Hypanthial hairs eglandular; ovary usually densely setu-
lose with hairs 0.5-1 mm long............-. C. sericea
2. Petioles (1.5-)2-6 cm long.
4, Leaf blades attenuate to the base, distinctly plinerved..
oon a/ainlsigia's <'0 0 stig nesiae enleaniseleieiels arasie «e°adlieten (ea Gb LENUA UE
4, Leaf blades rounded to cordulate at the base, basally
nerved or indistinctly (to 0.5 cm) pseudoplinerved.
5. Inflorescence axis not or scarcely (less than 0.5 cm)
CVOL Ved. ccccccccccccccccsessccsccvccecses Co Gebilis
5. Inflorescence axis distinct, 1-6 cm long.....seseeeeees
eee cece eer eeseceneeeeces cocccccecccceee Ce fendleri

CLIDEMIA MONANTHA L. Wms.
This recently described species is well characterized by

366 PHYTOL OG IA Vol. 21, no. 6

the distinctly petiolate leaves (with rounded blade bases and
basal primary veins), petals each with a subapical gland-tipped
setula, and glabrous ovaries. Most of the Venezuelan specimens
and one Costa Rican collection have some of the hypanthial hairs
gland-tipped, but otherwise C. monantha is quite uniform. The
species ranges from Mexico (Cerro San Martf{n, Vera Cruz, Sallé
&n., BM), Honduras (Cortes, Molina 11431; Olancho, Molina
Bush) , Nicaragua, Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Schnell 371; San
Ramon, Tonduz 17842, Brenes 14296 and 14300), Panama (Panama. ,
Cerro Azul, Duke 9335), and Venezuela (Carabobo, Falcon, Lara,
Miranda, Yaracuy).

CLIDEMIA RUBRA (Aubl.) Mart.

The Aublet type (BM) shows the largest leaves with petioles
ca. 0.5 cm long and narrowly ovate blades 8 X 4.5 em (rounded at
the base, not or scarcely plinerved) , as well as hypanthial
hairs in part gland-tipped; reasonably good vegetative matches
(also with gland-tipped hypanthial hairs) are Tutin 619 (BM) and
Schomburgk 95(98) (BM, P, W). Of the synonyms cited by Cogniaux,
Melastoma sessiliflora Vahl (C), C. heteromalla D. Don (OXF),
and Sagraea cognata Steud. (W) agree with the Aublet concept;
to this synonymy should be added C. platyphylla (Naud.) Cogn.,
the Ferreira holotype (P) of which is well matched by Schomburgk
648 (P). As thus restricted, the species is known by recent
collections from eastern Colombia (Amazonas, Schultes & Lopez
16441 and 16443; Meta, Hermann 11203), Venezuela (Amazonas),
Guyana (de la Cruz 1758, 2470, 3987; Graham 233; Hitchcock
17149), Suriname (Maguire & Stahel 25039), French Guiana

Broadway 161), Brazil (Amazonas, Fromm rh20, Santos 1468, Sota
13063; Para, Spruce 776), Peru (Loreto, Martin & Lau-Cam 1197,
Ferreyra 7847, Killip & Smith 29213, Dodson 2817), and Bolivia

Mapiri region, Buchtien 989, 990, 1716), but not Central
America.

CLIDEMIA SERICEA D. Don

Among the Cogniaux-cited synonyms not here placed under
C. rubra (vide supra), Don's binomial is the oldest available
one. Here belongs also Sagraea columnaefolia DC. (holotype M).
The varieties described by Naudin, Cogniaux, S. Moore, and
Hoehne under C. rubra are for a monographer to evaluate and
transfer. As defined here, a vegetatively extraordinary welter
remains; a few of the collections (Oersted 2831 and Schnell
500, from Costa Rica; Stern, Eyde, & ae 1954 and Davidson
676, from Chiriquf, Panama; Haught 5278, from Cauca, Colombia;
Delgado 250, from Cerro Avila, Venezuela) have nearly or quite
glabrous ovary apices, but vegetatively fall within C. sericea
sens. lat. From notes made in London, the holotype (BM of
Melastoma verticillata Miller is well matched by Philipson 2371
and Linden 1155; the use of Miller's epithet is preempted in
Clidemia.

CLIDEMIA ATTENUATA (Naud.) Cogn.

1971 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 367

Because of the basally attenuate distinctly plinerved
leaf blades with distinct petioles and non-glandular thial
hairs, C. atten has been maintained as a species, (but with
no real conviction), good matches for the Finlay type (P) being
Cowan & Wurdack 31544 (Amazonas, Venezuela) and A. C. Smith 3306
Kanuku Mountains, Guyana); Webster & Miller Ge» from
Trinidad, perhaps also belongs here. Urban (Symb. Ant. 3: 47=
48. 1902) noted that the Finlay collections at Paris, pur-
portedly from "St. Thomas", were probably collected in Trinidad.
In the Flora of Trinidad & Tobago, R. 0. Williams synonymized
C. attenuata under C. rubra. In Central America, a vegeta-
tively rather similar population occurs (the petioles somewhat
shorter, the blades usually smaller), but the ovaries are
glabrous (Mexico, Reko peer Honduras, Williams & Williams
18344, Molina & Molina 14129, Molina 10095, Meyer 9923; Costa
Rica, Skutch 2260; Panama, Blum & Godfrey 1736, Correa &
Dressler 465).

CLIDEMIA DEBILIS Crueg.

As indicated in the Flora of Trinidad & Tobago, C.
bonplandii (Naud.) Cogn. is synonymous with C. debilis. ‘The
species is known from Trinidad, Venezuela (D. Federal, Bolfvar),
and Brazil (Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia). Because of the distinct-
ly plinerved leaf blades and glandular-setulose hypanthia in
C. aphanantha Sagot, I still have reservations about following
R. O. Williams with a further synonym under C. debilis.

CLIDEMIA FENDLERI Cogn.

Clidemia icai a Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc.
Nat. 11: 21. 19h.

Clidemia rubella Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 11:
22. 19T«

?Clidemia rariflora (Bonpl.) Cogn., DC. Mon. Phan. 7:
18:0) 1891 (non C. rariflora Benth., Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 308.
1840).

The type collection of C. fendleri (BR, K, NY) has egland-
ular or very sparsely gland-tipped hypanthial hairs, but more
recent collections have varying proportions of such glandular
trichomes. The holotype (P) of C. rariflora (Bonpl.) Cogn. has
short (0.3-0.5 mm) cauline pubescence, nearly glabrous (except
for the minute glands) upper leaf surfaces, and lower leaf
surfaces with the setulae mostly confined to the primary and
secondary veins; however, in other features (pubescence quality,
fine leaf venulation, glandular-setulose hypanthia, inflores-
cence form), it conforms at least specifically to C. fendleri.
Until topotypical material is collected to fix the variability
limits, no subspecific recognition seems warranted for the
"Cumana" plants. Despite Cogniaux' monograph separation,

C. fendleri is certainly very close to C. debilis, differing
in the more evolved inflorescences.

CLIDEMIA SALTUENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

368 Prr. oO for 28 Vol. 21, no. 6

Sect. Sagraea. C. amplae Cogn. affinis, foliis angustiori-
bus floribus bene pedicellatis petalis staminibusque paulo
minoribus calycis dentibus exterioribus longioribus differt.

Ramuli primum obtuse quadrangulati demum teretes sicut
petioli foliorum venae primariae secundariaeque subtus inflo-
rescentia hypanthiaque densiuscule puberuli pilis stellulato-
pinoideis 0.1-0.15 mm longis. Petioli (1-)2-4 cm longi; lamina
(7-)12-17 X (2.5-)5-7.5 cm anguste ovato-elliptica apice
gradatim acuminato basi obtusa, firme membranacea et integra,
distanter obscureque appresso-ciliolata, supra primum sparse
appresso-arachnoidea demum glabrata, subtus in venulis resinoso-
granulosa in superficie glabra, 5-nervata nervis secundariis
plerumque 3-4 mm inter se distantibus venulis subtus planis
dense reticulatis (areolis 0.2-0.3 mm latis). Inflorescentiae
pauciflorae in foliorum superiorum axillis oppositis plerumque
solitariae, axe plerumque 2-4 cm longo, bracteolis minutis ad
pedicellorum bases insertis, pedicellis ca. 4 mm longis gracil-
ibus; flores 4-meri. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.2 mm longum teres
sparse pilis simplicibus gracilibus laevibus 0.2-0.3 mm longis
setulosum et sparse verruculosum; calyx 0.3 mm longus paullulo
(0.1 mm) 4-lobatus, dentibus exterioribus subulatis ca. 0.7 m
eminentibus; torus sparsiuscule glanduloso-puberulus (O.1 mm).
Petala 1-1.2 X 0.7-0.8 mm oblonga glabra (apice late obtuso),
extus mucrone unico ca. 0.2-0.3 mm longo infra-apicali ornato.
Stamina glabra; filamenta (paulo immatura) 1.1 mm longa;
antherarum thecae 1.5-1.6 X 0.3 X 0.3 mm anguste oblongae,
poro minuto dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ca. 0.4 mm
prolongatum exappendiculatum. Stigma punctiforme; stylus
glaber 4 X 0.3-0.15 mm in ovarii collo 0.3 mm immersus; ovarium
4-loculare et 2/3 inferum, apice lobulato setulis ca. 10 gra-
cilibus 0.15-0.3 mm longis ornato.

Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark 94404 (holotype US
2574443; isotypes US, VEN), collected in virgin wet forest
between Colonia Tovar-Junquito road and Hacienda El Limon 10-
15 km below junction of Junquito-Colonia Tovar road, Distrito
Federal, Venezuela, elev. 1300-1500 m, 12 Oct. 1965. "Shrub
2.5 m; leaves dark green above, yellow-green below with buff-
tawny elevated nerves; flowers on old wood as well as young
leafy stems; hypanthium greenish-gray; petals, filaments, and
style white; fruit globose, purple, 4-5 m diam."

Clidemia ampla has longer (ca. 0.5 mm) cauline pubescence,
leaf blades ca. 2/3-3/4 as wide as long (12-20 cm wide), sessile
flowers, petals 2 mm long, anther thecae ca. 2 mm long, external
calyx teeth barely (0.2 mm) projecting, and stigmas slightly
expanded. The general aspect (but not the floral details) of
C. saltuensis is rather like that of the West Indian species
groups around C. divaricata (Griseb.) Cogn.-C. trichotoma
Griseb. (both with smaller and firmer leaf blades) and C.
guadelupensis (Dc.) Griseb. (with sharply tetragonal branchlets
and plinerved leaf blades).

REVIEW AND COMMENTS ABOUT A THING

Otto & Isa Degener

Between August 2 and 31, 1967, with the help of a $5,000 grant
from the National Park Service, The Nature Conservancy sponsored 4
scientific expedition into Kipahulu Valley, Island of Maui, Hawai-
jan Islands. Dr. Richard E. Warner, Foundaticn of Environmental Bi-
ology, Berkeley, California, was leader of about twenty scientists
of various biological disciplines and a variable number of guides,
*paniola and porters. The specialists in the main volunteered
their services or their institutions lent these men for the expedi-
tiono

The Conservancy copyrighted the result of the study in 1968
under the title "Scientific Report of the KIPAHULU VALLEY EXPEDI-
TION. Sponsored BY: THE NATURE CONSERVANCY. Edited By: Richard Ee
Warner, Ph. D. Expedition Leader." The 184 loose-leaf pages, meas-
uring 8 1/2 by 11 inches, are bound in a Manilla cover. There is a
panoramic photograph of the valley itself, eight of expedition mem-
bers, about 49 showing beautifully the type of vegetation, three
about the endemic "picture-winged" fruit flies, and four of close=-
ups of birds. In addition there are full-page maps of Kipahulu Val-
ley showing expedition trails and locations of the three base
camps; of soils; a topographic vegetation profile; and of vegetation
respectively of the lower, the central, and the upper part of the
valley

Kipahulu Valley extends from sea level to 7,350 feet, more or
less in a northwesterly direction, joinimg Haleakala National Park
at its eastern end hundreds of feet above Paliku Cabin. The two mile
wide valley funnels the trade winds. Its eight mile length is con-
fined by two very steep ridges clothed largely with tapestry for-
ests, here and there broken by shrubby ledges and some cliffs. The
floor consists largely of two nearly parallel, sloping flats, the
one about 700 feet higher than the other, especially toward the mid-
dle-makai end. This unusual geologic structure is explained by the
formation eons ago of a deeply eroded valley on Haleakala Volcano's
flank followed by a period of filling by lava flows. During quies-
cence of volcanic activity, one side of the partly filled valley was
then badly eroded by the forerunner of Kaukauai Stream. With a
fresh period of activity, this new valley within Kipahulu was part-
ly filled with veneers of lava. Thus the higher flat, contrary to
expectation, is much older than the lower one.

The lower reaches of the valley from a biotic standpoint are not
too interesting, being pasture overgrown with lemon guava and other

*As Spaniards were the first cowboys in the Hawaiian Islands, paniola
became the vernacular name for a man of this profession.

369

370 BEEROLOGDA Vol. 21, no. 6

exotics. Nevertheless, geologically the area is locally interesting
and delightful with the stream forming a series of pools - seven

were "sacred" to the Hawaiians - of considerable fame but too pro-
fane for discussion in a botanical reviewo

The rest of the valley to the inversion layer at about 7,000
feet is a dense rainforest. Below a transition band between 3,000
and 4,000 feet, koa (Acacia) is the predominant tree; above, ohia
lehua (Metrosideros) predominates, giving way mauka as the terrain
becomes increasingly dry to such sclerophyllous shrubs as Dodonaea y
Railliardia, Styphelia and Vaccinium. The summit slope is crowned
with windy Flats of the endemic bunchgrass (Deschampsia hawaiiensis
f. haleakalensis (Skottsb.) Ste John (incorrectly identified as D.
nubigena) interspersed here and there with endemic bracken (Pterid-
jum aquilinum var. decompositum (Caud.) Tryon, Pellaea ternifolia
‘coe Link native to the Hawaiian Islands as well as to the Andes,
and the endemic Neurophyllodes tridens (Hillebr.) Deg. & GreenwWo

Though terrestrial shrubs and herbs as well as lianes and epi-
phytes abound between 3,000 and 6,000 feet, the warm rainfall of
perhaps 200 inches annually, augmented by abundant fog drip, stimu-
lates bacterial decay and dissolution. As a result, the water-dren-
ched soil is practically devoid of litter and exceptionally poor in
saprophytic fungi. Above 6,000 feet, with less rainfall and cooler
weather, the layer of litter can be two inches thick overlying
three inches of hunus. Saprophytic fungi are abundant, having avail-
able sustenance o

The Report contributes 13 pages to Ecological Conditions; 31 to
Vascular Plants and Botanical Potential; 25 to Phytogeography; 3
to Climatology; 1 to Some Observations of the Biotic Factor under
headings of pigs, rats, owls and birds [Why "owls" are not includ-
ed in the same category with "birds" is strange indeed]. ; 5 to Ge-
netics, Evolution and Drosophila Ecology; 7 to other branches of En-
tomology; 15 to Mosses; 1 to Lakes of Eastern Haleakala; 3 to Mam-
mals; and 16 to Birds, including the rediscovery of one considered
extincto

According to the bibliography given on page 86, the writers (ex-
cept Mr. William J. Ho) followed some of the archaic plant determi-
nations made by Dr. F.R. Fosberg (incorrectly spelled "Forsbereg")
for Island of Hawaii plants in Doty, M.So, & Mueller-Dombois, D.,
Atlas Bioec. Stud. Hawe Volc. Nat. Park. 1966. As one of the review-
ers had been Ranger-Naturalist for Hawaii National Park (including
Haleakala) in 1929 and both reviewers have lived in and about Hale-
akala = the kane in 1927 at the grassy head of Kipahulu would have
dropped into a crevice of consolidated ash had he not instinctively
stuck out his arms akimbo = to study and publish about its flora,
they herewith add their opinions regarding the taxonomy given in
the Reporte Obvious typographical errors, superficially noticed,

1971 O. & I. Degener, Review & comments 371

needing correction are: Freycinetia, Liparis, Sadleria, Pterido-
phyta, Asplenium contiguum, Labordia, Lysimachia hillebrandii,Metro-=
sideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Grimmia haleakalae, Molkenboer,
Monachus schauinslandi, Lasiurus and Plagithmysus.

PAGE REPORT'S VERSION DEGENERS* VERSION
15 "Dubautia spe" Mainly Railliardia sp.
"Pelea clusiaefolia" P. clusiifolia A. Gray
(Recommendation 73G (c) of the Codes)
16 “Lycopodium cernuun" L. ce var. crassifolium Spr.
"Anoectochilus se" Odontochilus sandwicensis
(Lindl.) Benth. & Hooke
"Trematolobelia macrostachys" T. sandwicensis’ Deg
"Dicranopteris linearis" D. 1. var. maxima Deg. &
Deg.
"Erechtites valerianaefolia" E. valerianifolia (Wolf) DC.
19 “Nertera depressa" N. granadensis var. insu-
laris Skottsb.
20 "Vaccinium berberidifolium" V. berberifolium (A. Gray)
Skottsbe

(As Ve. penduliflorum var. berberifolium A. Gray was raised by
Skottsberg to 2 species, we see no reason to change the ortho-

graphy to "berberidifolium." )

“Hypochaeris radicata" Hypochoeris re
25 “Psilotum complanatum" P. ce var. oahuensis (Muel-
ler) Deg. & Dege
"Psilotum nudum" P. n- forma fosbergii Deg. &
Dego
26 "“Ophioglossum pendulum sspe Ophioderma falcatum (Pres1)
falcatum" Dege
27 “Callistopteris baldwinii" Macroglena toppingii Deg.
& Dege
"Vandenboschia draytoniana" Crepidopteris draytonianum
Bracke) Deg. & Deg.
28 “Sphenomeris chinensis" S. chusana (L.) Copel.
29 "“Cyclosorus goggilodus" C. gongylodes (Schkuhr)
Link

(That Schkuhr's orthography in text and index is "goggilodus” and
on his plate "goggylodus" indicates carelessness by author or
printer. Both spellings are meaningless, unintentional errors.
Following the Code, we consider correction of the errors to
"gongylodes," an authentic Latin adjective meaning "roundish,"
proper.)

"Cyrtomium boydiae"” 2? boydiae
(Because of venation, this fern hardly belongs in the genus Ce)
“Dryopteris keraudreniana" Toppingia keraudreniana (Gaud.)
Degey Dege & AeRe Smith
30 “Elaphoglossum alatum var. E. parvisquameum Skottsbe
parvisquameum
36 “Peperomia ligustrina var. P. 1. var. oopuolana Yuncker

copuolana

372
PAGE

ae
38

39

41

42

47

48

53

107

Pier TO By OG I.& Vol. 21, no. 6
REPORT'S VERSION DEGENERS* VERSION
"Peperomia lilifolia var. P. liliifolia var. ne

nudilimba"
(Recommendation 73G (c) of the Code.)
"Phytolacca sandwicensis Endl." P. brachystachys Mog.

(Endlicher's binomial is a nome nude)

"“Fragaria chiloensis" F. Cs var. sandwicensis
(Decaisne) Deg. & Deg.
"Geranium arboreum" Neurophyllodes arboreum
(A. Gray) Dege
"Geranium multiflorum var. Neurophyllodes ovatifoli-
ovatifolium" um (A. Gray) Deg. & Greenwe
"Pelea clusiaefolia" P. clusiifolia A. Gray
"Hugenia sandwicensis" Syzygium sandwicense (A.
“Jussiaea suffruticosa vare: Jo Se vare ligustrifolia
lingustraefolia" (HBK) Griseb.
"Myrsine lessertiana"” Rapanea lessertiana (A.
roe Deg. & Hosaka
"Myrsine sandwicensis vare Rapanea Ss var. me (Lév.)
mauiensis Dege & Dege
"Alyxia olivaeformis" A. oliviformis Gaud.

"Gouldia hillebrandii Forsberg [bic] var. hillebrandii"
(Since 1937, the year of Dr. Fosberg's monograph (Bull. Bishe
Mus. 147:1-82.), the genus Gouldia has been extensively revis-
ed by Skottsberg, Wilbur and the Degeners. The identification
of the Kipahulu collection cannot be made with the 1937 key.)

"Cyanea grimesiana vare 2" C. ge (probably) vere lyd-
gatei Rock

"Lobelia grayana" Neowimmeria grayana (Eo
Wimme) Deg. & Dege

“Lobelia hypoleuca"? Neowimmeria h leuca ?
(Hillebre) Dege & Dege

"Dubautia demissifolia"™ Railliardia demissifolia
Sherff

"Dubautia montana var. robustior" Railliardia montana vare
robustior Sherff

"Dubautia thyrsiflora" Railliardia thyrsiflora
Sherff

"Erechtites valerianaefolia" E. valerianifolia (Wolf)
DC.

(We wish to emphasize that Trematolobelia macrostachys of
Kauai does not occur on Maui; the plant is T. sandwicensis
or a close relative.)

"Campylopus boswelli" Campylopus boswellii (C.
Mueller) Paris
"Racomitrium" Rhacomitrium

(It is true that Bridel spelled originally his new genus "Ra-
comitrium" as Mr. Hoe gives it. We consider this an ortho-

1971 O. & I. Degener, Review & comments 373

graphic error for which the Code under Recommendation 73A
requires correctione The proper spelling is "Rhacomitrium" in
keeping with such generic names as Rhacocarpus, Rhacopilum, etc.)
123 (The kane reviewer deposited about 1927 in some herbarium Viola
mauiensis H. Mann from the edge of a bog-like pond. It is
strange it was not collected by the Expedition.)
126 (Pigs: When Astelia species are terrestrial, feral pigs feed on

the rhizomes and young leaves, often destroying the colonies.

They also penetrate the higher stretches of cinder-covered ter-
rain where the endemic bracken can survive with its under-
ground rhizomes to the exclusion of other vascular plantse
Pigs, with great ease, root out the rhizomes from the friable
ash, pumice and cinders for foode)

(Rats: Though certainly not in the Islands previous to the com-
ing of the Polynesians in their huge double canoes, the Poly-
nesian rat (Rattus exulans var. hawaiiensis Ellerman) in the
eating of the orange, fleshy bracts and later of the sticky,
ripe inflorescences of the Freycinetia have certainly aided the
endemic crow (Corvus tropicus Gmelin) - now extinct except for
one bird in captivity and perhaps a dozen wild on the Island of
Hawaii - pollinate and later disseminate this liane.)

129 (The rediscovery of the Maui nukupuu bird (Hemignathus lucidus
var. affinis Rothschild) and the sighting of the Maui parrot-
bill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild) is not only of im-
portance ornithologically, but of major importance botanicallyo
The first bird was last seen in 1896; and the second probably
in 1928, if we can believe the report of a sighting in neigh-
boring Kaupo Gap by a surveying party. Many drepaniid birds,
all endemic to the Archipelago, have evolved bills beautifully
curved to penetrate the curves of mints, lobelias of many gen=
era, and Camphusia for nectare According to W.E. Banko (Condor
930121. 197 le)» a member of the Expedition, “Preservation of
the ecological integrity of Haleakala's windward forest is
thus of paramount importance to the survival of at least three,
and possibly as many as six, Hawaiian birds."

PAGE

One of the main objectives of the expedition was "to prepare a re-
port of the findings for the Nature Conservancy and the U.S. Depart-
ment of Interior, including recommendations for acquisition, use, and
longterm conservation of the areao" The part about birds and picture-
winged Drosophila, we believe, will be arguments for politicians and
intelligent laymen alike to conserve the area under the wing of the
National Park Service. These are precisely the individuals who, with
contacts and funds, can best implement a project to a successful con-
clusione But the botanical part of the report is sorely disappoint-
ing and not of much help. No striking plant, like a striking bird,
was noted as threatened with extinction even though many, many kinds
belong in this category! It took Dr. Ste John only until April 1970
to describe and illustrate over a dozen novelties from the area (See
Pace Scie 2539-792 1971e) such ast Panicum lamiatile, Panicum lus-

triale, Peperomia kipahuluensis, Pelea anapanapaensis, Pelea clusii-

37h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

folia var. minor, Pelea c. var. m. t. stenophylla, Pelea kipahulu-
ensis, Lysimachia spathulata, Clermontia rosacea, Cyanea bicolor,
Cyanea haleakalaensis, Argyroxiphium forbesii, Argyroxiphium vires-
cens var. paludosa, Lagenophora viridis and Railliardia demissi-
folia var. dolichophylla. Further botanical exploration will] un-
doubtedly uncover many more plants new to Science.

Had the importance of plants been stressed as much as of birds and
insects, would not the report have been more effective? According to
a local newspaper article dated April 3, 1971, " - - - the Nature Con-
servancy in three years raised $1e2 million to buy 4,000 acres in
Kipahulu Valley to add to Haleakala National Park on the promise the
State would add 5,000 acres to ite So far, the land has not been |
Signed over by Gove John A. Burns. And the lack of action is holding
up a further fund-raising effort which the Nature Conservancy hopes
will add 400 more acres to the parke" Nero played on his Stradivari-
us while Rome burned to destructione Will History repeat itself, and
Kipahulu be destroyed?

The present reviewers are confused as to what they have reviewede
The 184 illustrated and bound pages have been copyrighted (not patent-
ed nor registered), are available in some local libraries, and have
been distributed to various interested individuals. Some, not all,
copies bear an an insertion claiming that the Report is not a publica-
tion! Being neither fish, flesh, fowl nor good red herring, what is
this thing?

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XVII

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA L.

Additional & emended bibliography: Gamble, Man. Indian Timb.,
ed. 1, xxvii, 281--283, & 503. 1881; Trimen, Journ. Ceylon Br. Roy.
Asiat, Soc. 9: [Syst. Cat. Flow. Pl. Ceylon] 68. 1885; C. K.
Schneid., Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 587 & s91—s9h, fig. 36h c—
i & 385 b--1. 1911; J. C. Willis, Rew. Cat. Indig. Flow. Pl. Cey-
lon 69. 1911; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 108, 298—
301, & 382. 1917; W. H. Br., Merr., & Yates, Philip. Journ. Sci.
Bot. 12: 240. 1917; T. It6, Taiwan.Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr.
Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 603--606 (1927) and ed. 2, 603--606. 1928;
Yamamoto, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Formos. 6: ss—ses, 193; Kos-
term., Reinwardtia 1: 86 & 106. 1951; T. M. Simpson, Gard. South.
Afr. 189. 1964; Garibaldi Accati, Atti Giorn. Stud. Prop. Spec.
Legn. Pisa 1964/1965: 145—15), 1966; Anon., Hortic. Abstr. 36:
805. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 328--3l. 1971.

CALLICARPA AMERICANA L.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 329. 1971.
Additional citations: VIRGINIA: Fort Monroe: Chickering s.n.
[Sept. 20, 1879] (W--2605969). TEXAS: Dallas Co.: J. Reverchon
s.n. (Dallas, May-June 1876] (W--2607188).

CALLICARPA ANGUSTIFOLIA King & Gamble
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 329 & 330.
1971.
The species has been collected in fruit in November.
Additional citations: MALAYA: Selangor: Nur 34369 (W--2608337).

CALLICARPA ARBOREA Roxb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Wall., Numer. List "9"
[=50]. 1829; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 1, xxvii, 282, & 503.
1881; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 330, 336, & 346. 1971.

Jackson (1893) credits a "Callicarpa arborea Wall." to "Wall.
Cat. n. 1826, partim" and reduces it to synonymy under C. vestita
Wall. Actually, Wallich proposed no such homonym. In the refer-
ence cited he plainly accredits C. arborea to Roxburgh, citing 7
specimens for what he regarded as the typical form of the species,
and then proposes a variety which he designated "@ vestita". It
is certainly the latter taxon to which Jackson refers.

CALLICARPA FORMOSANA Rolfe
Additional & emended bibliography: W. H. Br., Merr., & Yates,
Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 20. 1917; T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu
Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 603 (1927) and ed. 2, 603.
375

376 BEYELOLOGLA Vol. 21, no. 6

1928; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 332--33) & 346. 1971.

Emended illustrations: T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu {Illus-
tr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 603 (1927) and ed. 2, 603. 1928.

Brown, Merrill, & Yates (1917) record this’ species from Volcano
Island in the Philippines.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lam.

Additional & emended bibliography: Gamble, Man. Indian Timb.,
ed. 1, 282 & 503. 1881; T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr.
Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 604 (19275 and ed. 2, 60h. 1928; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 329-331, 333--335, 30, e 344. 1971.

Dop (1932) that his C. tonkinensis is closely related to C.
longifolia, but differs in the shape of its leaf-blades (elliptic
or slightly obovate), the whitish tomentum on the lower leaf-
surface, the always glabrous corollas, the stamens not as long-
exserted, and the drupes being only i: -5 mm. wide.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA f. FLOCCOSA Schau.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 155--162 &
34). 1971.

Additional citations: MALAYA: Pahang: Nur 32651 (W--2608361).

CALLICARPA LONGISSIMA (Hemsl.) Merr.

Additional & emended bibliography: T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu
Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 60 (1927) and ed. 2, 60h.
1928; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 336. 1971.

Peed illustrations: T. I1té, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Il-
lustr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 604 (1927) and ed. 2, 60h. 1928.

CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA Vahl

Additional & emended bibliography: Gamble, Man. Indian Timb.,
ed. 1, 282, 283, & 503. 1881; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 336, 31, &
345. 1971.

CALLICARPA OBLANCEOLATA Urb.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 347—3)8.
hea e Be

The G. C. Bucher 102), and Herb. Roig 760, distributed as C.
oblanceolata, are actually c. ~areolata Urb.

Inall, Tih herbariun specimens, including the type, and
mounted photographs of C. oblanceolata have been examined by me.
Additional citations: CUBA: Oriente: Acufla 12691 (Es, W—

188127), 12692 (Es, N, W—18812),8), 12693 (Es, Es, N, i—
188129), 1269) (Es, N, W—1881250), 12695 (Es, W—1881251),
12696 (Es, “i, N, W--1881252), 13323 (Es, (Es, N), 1332h (Es, N),
13325 (Es, N), 13328 (Es, N), Sen. an. [Herb. Roig - 8754) (Re), son.
[Herb. Roig 8766] (Ri (Rg), Sen. [April 16, 195] (41); Alain 3220
(Z); Alain, Clément, & Chrysogone A.1029 (N); Mrs. G. C. . C. Bucher
100 (N), l 100a (N), ‘Lodaa (N), 100b (N), 100bb (Ny), 100¢ ic (N),
1004 (N), ~100e (N), ~ 100f (N), 100g (N), 100h 100h (N), 100i Ooi (N), 1003

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 377

(N), 100k (N), 100 L (N), 100m (N), 100n (N), 100p (N), 100q (N),
1oor (§), 100s (), . loot (N), 100u (N), 100v (N), 100w aaa 100x
(N), looy (N), 1002 (N), 10 [Herb. Roig 8154] (N, Re, Re, Rg),
11051 (Es, Es), 11459 (Es), : sn. (Moa, 1939] (Ha); Clément 3583
(Ha, N, Vi), 4122 (Ha (Ha); Clément . & Alain 3919 (Ha, N); Clément,
Alain, &C Chrysogone 3919 3919 (Vi), 3925 (Vi); Clément & Leén cB. (N);
Eman 3837 (N); R. A. Howard 5900 (1 (N, N); Leén 20 20103 (N), 20196
(N), 21155 (Ha, N), 2 21301 301 (Ha, N); Leén & Clément 20 20103 (Ha, la, Ha),
20196 (Ha, N), 23055 (N), 23128 [July 1949] (N), 2317 (N), 23298
(), | 23300 (N); “Leén, Clément, & Alain 3925 [Clément & Alain . 3925)
(Ha, N); L Leén, Clément, & Nestor 5402 (Ha), 5502 (Ha), 5593 (Ha);
Le6n & Victorin | 20691 (Ha, N), 209416 (Ha) ; Leén, Victorin, &
Clément L.20691 (Es); Marie-Victorin & Clément 21729 (Um——25253),
21731 (Um—-25252, Um—2527h) 5 Marie-Victorin, Clément, & Alain
21564 (Um—25265); Victorin, Alain, & Clément 21564 (Ha); G. L G.L.
Webster 3763 (Mi).

CALLICARPA OBTUSIFOLIA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. ly: 451—
452. 1919.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. ly: 451—
452. 1919; E. D. Merr., Emu, Philip. Pl. 3: 387. 1923; A. W.
Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; Moldenke, Alph. List Common
Vern. Names 3. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
[ed. 1], 62 & 87. 19,2; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; Molden-
ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 1 &177. *19h9;
Moldenke, Résumé 183 & ll. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 153.
1971.

Merrill's original (1919) description of this species is as
follows: "A shrub, the branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, and
lower surface of the leaves densely and uniformly cinereous-
stellate-pubescent, the indumentum covering the entire surface.
Branches terete, pale brownish, glabrous. Leaves elliptic to ob-
long-elliptic, subcoriaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to cm wide,
the apex rounded, obtuse, or sometimes subacute, base usually ob-
tuse, margins entire below, in the upper part distinctly denticu-
late, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, glabrous or when
young stellate-pubescent along the midrib; lateral nerves 5 to 7
on each side of the midrib, curved, distinct as are the primary
reticulations; petioles 5 to 10 m long. Cymes axillary, pe-
duncled, dichotomous, up to 2.5 cm wide, the peduncles about 1.5
em long; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 2.5 mm long;
pedicels 0.5 mm long or less. Flowers rather crowded, pink.
Calyx cup-shaped to obconic, about 1.6 m long, densely stellate-
pubescent, the teeth 4, short. Corolla glabrous, 2.5 mm long,
the lobes equal, orbicular-ovate, rounded,: nearly 1 m in diam-
eter. Filaments and style 5 to 6 m long. Fruit globose, dark-
brown and rugose when dry, about 2 mm in diameter."

The type was collected by Maximo Ramos [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
32921] at Burgos, in Ilcos Norte Province, Luzon, Philippine Is-

378 Poesy FO LOnGrk & Vol. 21, no. 6

lands, on July 27, 1918, growing in dry thickets at low altitudes,
and was deposited in the herbarium of the Philippine Bureau of
Science at Manila, now lamentably destroyed. Merrill (1919) re-
cords the vernacular name "anayop" and notes that "The alliance
of this species is manifestly with Callicarpa blancoi Rolfe, from

which it is especially distinguished by its elliptic to oblong-
elliptic, usually rounded or obtuse, never acuminate leaves."

The species is known thus far only from the original collec-
tion.

CALLICARPA OLIGANTHA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 13: 155-156.
1918.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 13: 155—
156. 1918; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser.
3, 3: 25 & 26. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 226.
192h; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; P'ei, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 16 & y—5, pl. 3. 1932;
Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 56 & 87 (1942) and [ed. 2], 131%
177. 1949; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 727. 199; H.-T. Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 307 & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 168 &
buh. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 14: 255 (1967) and 15: 39. 1967.

Illustrations: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac.
China] pl. 3. 1932.

Merrill's original (1918) description of this species is:
"Frutex ad 3 m. altus, subglaber, ramulis junioribus parcissime
et decidue stellato-pubescentibus; foliis brevissime petiolatis,
anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm. longis et 1.5 cm. latis,
chartaceis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, basi
cuneatis, margine in 3/, superiore parte distincte serrulatis,
supra glabris, subtus glandulosis, glabris, vel junioribus par-
cissime stellato-pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, curvato-
adscendentibus, tenuibus; cymis axillaribus depauperatis, 2- vel
3-floris, brevissime pedunculatis, pedicellis glabris, circiter
mm. longis; fructibus globosis, 3 ad 3.5 mm. diametro, glabris,
calycis persistentibus, glabris, truncatis. A slender shrub, 2
to 3m. high, in age glabrous or nearly so, the young branchlets
sparingly stellate-pubescent. Branches slender, terete, smooth,
glabrous, grayish. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, chartaceous, 6
to 12 cm. long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. wide, narrowed at both ends, the
upper surface glabrous, smooth, eglandular, brownish-olivaceous,
shining, the lower surface slightly paler, distinctly pitted-
glandular, glabrous, or when young sparingly stellate-pubescent
near the midrib, the base cuneate, the apex rather slenderly but
bluntly acuminate, the margins on the upper two-thirds distinct-
ly serrulate; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib,
slender, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations slen-
der, not prominent; petioles 2 mm. long or less. Cymes axillary,
few, subsessile or shortly peduncled, depauperate, 2- or 3-
flowered, the peduncles 2 mm. long or less, the pedicels not ex-
ceeding mm. in length, glabrous. Fruit globose or subglobose,
dark-brown when dry, 3 to 3.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the per-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 379

sistent calyx truncate, giabrous."

The type of the species was collected by Elmer Drew Merrill
(no. 11060) in thickets along small streams, at an altitude of a-
bout 900 meters, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Kwangtung, China,
on August 23, 1917, and was deposited in the herbarium of the
Philippine Bureau of Science at Manila, now destroyed. The col-
lector notes that the species is “rare, but a single plant seen.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with the form common-
ly known as Callicarpa purpurea Juss., but which should be known
as C. dichotoma (Lour.) Raeusch. It differs in its relatively
much narrower leaves, and depauperate, subsessile, very few-—
flowered cymes."

Immature green fruit was collected in August. Bakhuizen van
den Brink (1921) reduces the species to synonymy under what he
calls C. japonica var. dichotoma (Lour.) Bakh. Chang (1951)
cites only the original collection and compares it with both C.
dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch and with C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance.

The Tsang 21346, distributed as C. oligantha, is actually C.
japonica var. angustata Rehd.

In all, 2 herbarium specimens, including the type, and 2 moun-
ted photographs of C. oligantha have been examined by me.

Citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: E. D. Merrill 11060 (N—isotype,
N--photo of type, Ph--type, Z—photo of type) .

CALLICARPA OSHIMENSIS Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30
Ci}*s 222. 1981.

Synonymy: Callicarpa oshimensis var. oshimensis Hatus., Bull.
Arts & Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107. 1959.
Callicarpa ohshimensis Hayata ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 18,
in syn. 1968.

Bibliography: Hayata, Journ, Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1):
(Mater. Fl. Formos.] 221. 1911; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2):
529. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; Sakaguchi,
Gen. Ind. Fl. Okin. 18. 192); S. Sasaki, Cat. Govt. Herb. Formosa
433. 1930; Mak. & Nemoto, Fl. Jap., ed. 2, 995. 1931; Nemoto, Fl.
Jap. Suppl. 622. 1936; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
[ed. 1], 57 & 87. 1942; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 185. 1948;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 133 & 177.
1949; Naito, Sci. Rep. Kag. 2: 60. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 5:
28. 1954; Masamune, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 4: [Enum. Tracheo-
phyt. Ryukyu 7:] 46 & 47. 1955; Hatus., Bull. Arts & Sci. Div.
Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé
172, 181, & hh. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43.
1960; Hatus., Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3
(1): 31. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé’Suppl. 3: 20 (1962), 5: 6 (1962),
and 14: ). 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 2h8--2)9. 1967; Molden-
ke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 11, 17, & 18 (1968) and 17: 8. 1968; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 6, 240, & 242. 1971.

Previous to receiving good material of this taxon and of the
so-called C. iriomotensis Masam. and C. okinawensis Nakai from my

380 Pn Y/TO TeOueerys Vol. 21, no. 6

esteemed friend and colleague, Dr. E. H. Walker, I had tentative-
ly regarded them as 3 distinct and valid species. Now, however,
I feel that Hatusima (1959) is amply justified in reducing them
to a single species with two varieties. He says "Above three
forms of C. oshimensis which are distinguished as the following
analytical key are not different in their essential characters,
such as size of cymes, flowers and fruits, and the indumentum of
branchlets and leaves, though size of leaves and cymes as well as
the serration of leaves are considerably variable. Therefore, it
seems advisable to reduce the above two forms from Okinawa and
Yaeyama to the varietal rank, as the distinguishing characters
mentioned above are very variable as in the other species of Cal-
licarpa." He distinguishes the 3 taxa as follows: iw
1. Leaf-blades regularly rhombic-ovate, 2--7 cm. long, acuminate
at the apex, sharply and regularly coarse-serrate along the
margins, cuneate at the base; cymes 1-~-3 cm. longesscrccesees
C. oshimensis.
la. Leaf-blades rarely rhombic-ovate, often with shorter acumens
and smaller, denser, and irregular serration.

Qe Leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2--),.5 cm. long, with

smaller and denser serration; cymes usually less than 1 cm.

LONG. ees ecseseceecceeeeeeeC. OShimensis var. okinawensis.

2a. Leaf-blades ovate to ovate-oblong or rarely obovate-oblong,
3--10 cm. long, with larger and coarser serration; cymes

usually more than 1 cm. LONg..ccccccccccccccccccccccrcsccce

C. oshimensis var. iriomotensis.

Masamune (1955) records the vernacular name "osimarurasaki"
for C. oshimensis and gives its distribution as "Amami-osima (leg.
Igoma) et (leg. Tasiro in G. Herb. Formos. n. 27877); Okinawa:
Kunigami; Iheyazima; Iriomote?. Distr. Endanic." Hatusima (1959)
gives the distribution of the typical form as only Amami-oshima
and Tokunoshima Islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago.

Wilson found the plant fruiting in February. Material has
been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as C. shikokiana
Mak. On the other hand, the Gressitt 532 & 563, 1té s.n. [23. Va
1936], and Kawagoe s.n. [July 27, 1919], distributed as as typical
C. oshimensis, are actually var. iriomotensis (Masam.) Hatus.

In all, 3 herbariun specimens and 2 mounted photographs of the
type collection of C. oshimensis have been examined by me.

Citations: JAPAN: Kyushu: E. H. Wilson 6050 (W--777757, W—
777758) « AMAMI ISLANDS: Amamioshima: Kawagoe s.n. [July 17, 1919]
(W--207133) ; Uchiyama s.n. [December 8, 1900] (W--photo of type,
W—photo of isotype).

CALLICARPA OSHIMENSIS var. IRIOMOTENSIS (Masam.) Hatus., Bull.
Arts & Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107.

1959.
Synonymy: Callicarpa iriomotensis Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist.

Soc. Formos. 25: 254. 1935. Callicarpa oshimensis var. iriomo-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 381

tensis Hatus. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 18, in syn. 1968.
Callicarpa ohshimensis var. iriomotensis (Masam.) Hatus. ex Mol-
denke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 18, in syn. 1968. Callicarpa ohshimen-
sis var. iriomotensis (Masam.) Masam. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl.
16: 18, in syn. 1968.

Bibliography: Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 25: 25).
1935; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 45. 1938; Sonohara, Tawada,
& Amano, ed. E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. 131. 1952; Masam., Sci. Rep.
Kanazawa Univ. ) [Enum. Tracheophyt. Ryukyu 7]: 46. 1955; Hatus.,
Bull. Arts & Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107.
1959; Moldenke, Résumé 181 & ll. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1:
2l,8--2)9. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 11, 12, 17, & 18.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 22. 1971.

For a statement on how this variety differs from the typical
form of the species, see under C. oshimensis in this series of
notes. Recent collectors describe the plant as a bush or shrub,
1.8--6 m. tall, the stems 1.5--2 cm. in diameter, the branches
spreading horizontally, and the (immature) fruit green or pale-
green and moderately small. The corollas are described as "pink"
on Hatusima 18600.

The variety has been collected in the shade of large trees,
in forests, at the edges of fringing forests, and in wet gulch
bottoms in dense low scrubby forests, at altitudes of 12--200 n.,
flowering in May and June, and fruiting in June, August, and No-
vember. Fosberg says that it is "occasional in undergrowth on
broad or high densely wooded ridges", while Hatusima refers to it
as a "common shrub" on Iriomote. Masamune (1955) says that it is
endemic to Isjigaki, Iriomote, and Yonaguni in the Sakashima
group of the Ryukyu Island Archipelago and records the vernacular
name "Iriomote-murasaki-sikibu". Hatusima (1959) lists it only
from Iriomote and Ishigaki.

Material of this taxon has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. japonica Thunb., C. okinawensis
Nakai, and C. oshimensis Hayata. On the other hand, the Hatusima
18577 & 24357, distributed as var. iriomotensis, are actually var.
okinawensis (Nakai) Hatus.

In all, 18 herbarium specimens of var. iriomotensis have been
examined by me.

Citations: RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Iriomote: Gressitt 532
(N, S), 563 (N); Hatusima 18600 (W—-22),3550); Kawagoe s.n. [July
27, 1919] (W--2071333, Z); Koidgumi s.n. [1—-20.VI1.1923] (W—
2070985); Masamune & Suzuki s.n. [June 28, 1935] (Tw); Tedodake
s.n. (Herb. Univ. Imp. Taihok. 3307] (Tw); Walker & Tawada
(N, W--2093919). Ishigaki: F. R. Fosberg 37191 (Z), 36008 (Rf),
38054 (Ac); Hatusima 22899 (Ar), 23006 (Ar); Masamune & Suzuki s.

n, [June 30, 1935] (Tw). Uchibanare: It6 s.n. (23.V.1936)] (TK).

CALLICARPA OSHIMENSIS var. OKINAWENSIS (Nakai) Hatus., Bull. Arts
& Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107. 1959.

382 PORtY/T- 0.1.0 G, Tuk Vol. 21, no. 6

Synonymy: Callicarpa okinawensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 22.
1922. Callicarpa mollis Matsum. ex Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 22,
in syn. 1922 [not C. mollis Koord., 1966, nor Req., 1839, nor
Shirasawa, 1949, nor Sieb. & Zucc., 184), nor Willd., 1840]. Cal-
licarpa mollis (non Sieb. & Zucc.) Matsum., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa
Univ. [Enum. Tracheophyt. Ryukyu 7]: 46, in syn. 1955. Calli-
carpa okinawaensis Nakai apud Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ.
{[Enum. Tracheophyt. Ryukyu 7]: 46. 1955. Callicarpa ohshimensis
var. okinawensis (Nakai) Hatus. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16:
18, in syn. 1968.

Bibliography: J. Matsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 13: 11). 1899; Kuro-
iwa, Bot. Mag. Tokyo ly: 126. 1900; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2
(2): 529. 1912; E. H. Wils., Journ. Arnold Arb. 1: 183. 1920;
Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 22--23. 1922; Sakaguchi, Gen. Ind. Fl.
Okin. 18. 192); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 37. 1929; Mak. &
Nemoto, Fl. Jap., ed. 2, 995. 1931; Nemoto, Fl. Jap. Suppl. 622.
1936; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 190; Mol-
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 61 & 87. 192;
Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 10. 192; Moldenke, Known
Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 140 & 177. 199; Sonohara,
Tawada, & Amano, ed. E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. 131. 1952; Naito,
Sci. Rep. Kag. 2: 60. 1953; Masam., Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 4
(Enum. T,acheophyt. Ryukyu 7]: 6--47. 1955; Hatus., Bull. Arts &
Sci. Div. Ryukyu Univ. (Math. & Nat. Sci.) 3: 107. 1959; Molden-
ke, Résumé 181, 25, & hh. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 8 &
11 (1962) and 5: 6. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 431 & 433
(1966) and 1): 142. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 11, 12, &
18 (1968) and 17: 8. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 20 & 22.
1971.

The characters by which this variety is distinguished from C.
oshimensis Hayata and C. oshimensis var. iriomotensis (Masam.)
Hatus. are enumerated in my discussion of C. oshimensis in this
present series of notes. Nakai (1928), Masamune (1955), and
Hatusima (1959) all agree that the variety is endemic to Okinawa.
Masamune records the vernacular name “kogomemurasaki" and cites
Masamune & Simabukuro s.n. [Yonawadake, Aug. 6, 1934]. He says
that the "C. mollis Sieb. & Zucc." of Matsumura (1899), Kuroiwa
(1900), E. H. Wilson (1920), Matsumura (1912), and Sakaguchi
(192), insofar as they refer to Ryukyu Islands specimens, is ac-
tually C. oshimensis var. okinawensis. The C. mollis accredited
to Koorders and referred to in the synonymy above, is actually a
synonym of C. caudata Maxim., that credited to Shirasawa is xC.
shirasawana Mak., and that of Requien and of Willdenow is C.
acuminata H.B.K., while that of Siebold & Zuccarini is a valid
species.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2m. tall,
growing in the shade of trees, along forest paths, in small
clearings, and at the edges of low spinnies, at 100--200 m. alti-
tude, flowering in May, and fruiting in July. On Yonakuni Island

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 383

it is said by Hatusima to be "frequent in mountain thickets", but
on Iriomote he reports it as "a rare shrub". The corollas are
described as "pink" on Hatusima 180).

Material of this variety has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria under the names C. oshimensis Hayata, C. oshimen-
sis var. iriomotensis (Masam.) Hatus., and Cc. ohshimensis var.
iriomotensis (Masam.) Hatus. On the other hand, the Koidzumi s.
n. {1—20.VI1.1923], distributed as var. oxtinrensts. is actually

a mixture with var. iriomotensis.

In all, 16 herbarium specimens and 1 mounted photograph of var.
okinawensis have been examined by me.

Citations: RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Iriomote: Hatusima 18577
(Tk, W~22h3547); Koidzumi s.n. [1—-20.VII.1923] (Mi, Z). Okinawa:
Hatusima 18041 (W--22)3407)}; Koidzumi s.n. [27.V—3.VI.1923] (W—
2070986), sen. (1--20.VII.1923] (W—2070985, Z); Masamune & Sima-
bukuro 1770 (Tw); J. Matsumura s.n. (Tk); Sonohara, Tawada, & Am-
ano ano 6332 (N (N, N, W—209 365h) 5 Tashiro 2 (W--photo); E. H. . H. Walker
8254 (Z); Yamazaki sen. [Jan. 9, 196] (Tk). Yonakuni: Hatusima
214357 CC ee

CALLICARPA PACHYCLADA Quisumb. & Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.
37: 195-196. 1928.

Synonymy: Callicarpa pachyclada Merr. & Quisumb. ex Moldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962.

Bibliography: Quisumb. & Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 37:
195-196. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Molden-
ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (192) and
fed. 2), 141 & 177. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 5: 28 & 29. 195);
Moldenke, Résumé 183, 19h, & kh. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl.

3: 30. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia ai: 229. 1971.

The original description of this species (1928) reads as fol-
lows in the English version: "A shrub about 3 m high; the thicken-
ed branchlets and the lower surface of the leaves densely fulvo-
tomentose with rather soft plumose and stellate hairs; branches
terete or somewhat compressed at the nodes, pale grayish. Leaves
chartaceous to subcoriaceous, broadly oblong-elliptic, 27 to 39 cm
long, 1) to 21 cm wide, undulate-dentate, apex acutely acuminate,
base acute, the upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, smooth, shin-
ing, the Lower surface pale, somewhat yellowish, not at all glan-
dular, very densely stellate-plumose-pubescent; lateral nerves a-
bout 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, the reticula-
tions distinct; petioles densely tomentose, somewhat angled, 4 to
6 cm long. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, * dichotomous, very
densely tomentose, pedunculate, 6 to 8 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide.
Flowers crowded, their pedicels 0.5 to 1 mm long; calyx membrana-
ceous, cup-shaped, shortly l-lobed, tomentose, about 1.75 mm long;
corolla h-lobed, 3 to 3.5 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter, the
lobes 1.25 to 1 5 mm long, about 1 mm wide, oblong-ovate, obtuse.
Stamens , exserted, the filaments to 4.5 om long; anthers ob-

38h PHYTO LO-GE fk Vol. 21, no. 6

long, 1.25 to 1. mm long. Fruit globose, glabrous, 2 to 2.5 mm
in diameter, surrounded at the base by the densely fulvo—tomentose
calyx; bracts densely fulvo-tomentose, linear, up to 15 mm long,
the bracteoles much shorter."

The type of the species was collected by Maximo Ramos and Gre-
at an altitude of about 1600 meters on Mount Alzapan, in Nueva
Vizcaya Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, on May 2), 1925, and
was deposited in the herbarium of the Philippine Bureau of Sci-
ence but is now destroyed.

Quisumbing & Merrill comment that this is "A species most
closely allied to Callicarpa magnifolia Merrill, but with broadly
oblong-elliptic, somewhat larger leaves, the margins undulate-
dentate and the base acute."

Recent collectors describe the plant as 3m. tall, the stems
10 cm. in diameter, the (immature) fruit green, flowering and
fruiting in May, growing in mossy forests at an altitude of 1600
meters. The corollas on the type collection are described as
"violet", but those on Kjellberg 1763 are said to have been
white.

Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria under the names C. pentandra var. cumingiana f.
pentamera (H. J. Lam) Bakh., C. pentandra f. pubescens Bakh., and
C. pentandra var. typica f. hexandra Bakh.

In all, 9 herbarium specimens, including the type collection,
and 2 mounted photographs of C. pachyclada have been examined by
me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 560] (B—isotype, Bz—-1810)—-isotype, Ca—
329895—-isotype, N--isotype, N—photo of isotype, Z—-photo of iso-
type). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Barhi 76 ([Boschproefst.
bb.2h101] (Bz--18568); Kjellberg 1763 (Bz—-18233, Z); Rachmat 6),0
(Bz—1856), Bz--18565).

CALLICARPA PARVIFOLIA Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 305. 1838.
Synonymy: Callicarpa nishimurae Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32:
136—-137. 1918.
Bibliography: Hook, & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 305. 1838; Walp.,
Repert. Bot. Syst. ): 129. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr.-11:
646. 1847; W. B. Hemsl. in Godman & Salvin, Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot.
2: 538. 1882; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1:
386. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1,
(3a): 166. 1895; Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32: 136—137. 1918; P. Cc.
Standl., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1253. 192; A. W. Hill,
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr.
Taiwan 6: 205. 193; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 39:
300 (1936) and hO: 46—)8, 120, & 121. 1936; Moldenke, Geogr. Dis-
trib. Avicenn. 13. 1939; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed.
1), 16, 61, & 87. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew.,
pr. 2, 1: 386. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 36. 1946; Hara,
Enum. Sperm, Jap. 1: 185. 1948; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 385

2: 74. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2],
28, 140, & 177. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 29.
1951; Moldenke, Résumé 3), 182, & i. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. &
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 21:
152. 1971.

Hooker & Arnott's original (1838) description of this species
is "foliis coriaceis obovatis obtusissimis breve petiolatis laev-
iter crenatis supra adultis glabris subtus dense cano-tomentosis
reticulatim venosis, pedunculis petiolum aequantibus, floribus
capitato-cymosis. Leaves an inch and a half long; the younger
ones inclining to rust-colour beneath. The peduncles and peti-
oles are densely stellato-tomentose, like the under side of the
foliage."

Standley (192) keys out the species of Callicarpa known to him
from Mexico as follows:

1. Leaf-blades obovate, very obtuse at the apex....C. parvifolia.
la. Leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate at the
apex.
2. Leaves persistently but minutely stellate-pubescent on the
UPPET SUPLACE..eeeececcecccecssececossccceseece acuminata.
2a. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface except when very young.
3. Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath.....C. pringlei.
3a. Leaves sparsely stellate-tomentose beneath..ceccwcsseesee
C. subpubescens.

It should be noted, however, that C. subpubescens Hook. & Arn.
has since Standley's work been proved not to grow at all in Mexi-
co, but to be endemic to the Bonin Islands instead. Now it ap-
pears that C. parvifolia does not occur in Mexico either. Dr.

S. Hatusima, in a letter to me dated January 18, 1971, states "I
am now studying the real status of Callicarpa parvifolia Hook. &
Arn. described as from Mexico and [am] inclined to believe from
the original description of this species and the following answer
from Dr. R. M. Harley of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, to whom I
sent a leaf of C. nishimurae Koidz. irom the Bonins for comparison
with the type of C. parvifolia Hook. et Arn. that C. parvifolia
Hook. et Arn. is not from Mexico but from the Bonins. 'I have now
examined the leaf of Callicarpa nishimurae Koidz. with those of
the type of C. parvifolia Hook. et Arn. The similarity between
the two is very striking, and the texture of the indumentum on
the leaf undersurface appears identical, when viewed under a dis-
secting microscope. There thus seems little doubt that, as you
suggest, the type was collected in the Bonins, and not in Mexico.
In our indetermined cover, we had a sterile specimen of C. parvi-
folia collected in the 1930s from the Bonins, and this also agreed
closely with the type....'"

The original description of C. nishimurae by Koidzumi (1918)
is as follows: "Ad C. paucinervia Merrill remote affinis, foliis
crassioribus coriaceis ellipticis utrinque rotundatis supra pilis
diutius persistentibus subtus indumento luteo-brunneo; calycis
dentibus longis acutisque differt. Arbuscula? ramis vetustiori-

386 PHY, TO? GO iGiae A Vol. 21, no. 6

bus atro-brunneis vel nigrescentibus, ramulis hornotinis inflores-
centiis foliis subtusque indumento sordido vel lutescente densis=—
sime stellato—pubescentibus. Folia late elliptica crasse coriacea
supra in siccitate nigra albo-stellato-pilosa et glandulosa utrin-
que rotundata, margine crenato-denticulata versus basin integra,
costis secundariis utrinque --5 supra planis subtus leviter ele-
vatis, lamina 2—-5 cm. longa, 1,3--3,0 cm. lata; petiolis carnosis
ad 8 mm. longis tomentosis. Cyma axillaris parva tomentosa, flor-
ibus brevissime pedicellatis. Calyx glaber acute l-denticulatus
glandulosus circ. 1,8 mn. altus. Nom. Jap. Urajiro-komurasaki.
Distr. Bonini insl. Chichishima (leg. S. Nishimura! no. 72, Aug.
15, 1917. This species is named in compliment to Mr. S. Nishimura
who collected the plant."

Hara (1948) cites as an illustration of this species a "f.

288 (1938)", but unfortunately gives the name of the publication
and its author only in Japanese characters.

It appears, thus, that all previous writers, including myself,
have been in error in ascribing C. parvifolia to Mexico. The orig-
inal inscription to this effect on the type sheet at Kew was ap—
parently an error in transcription, as it was in the case of C.
subpubescens. Since Standley did his work on the trees and shrubs
of Mexico, then, Mexico has "lost" two species of beautyberry,
but it has also gained one he did not know about -- Cf. americana
L., which occurs in Coahuila. me

In all, 3 herbarium specimens, including the type, and 2 moun-
ted photographs of C. parvifolia have been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: BONIN ISLANDS: Chichijima:
Beechey s.n. ["Tepic"] (K--type, K--isotype, Mi--photo of type,
N—isotype, Z--photo of type).

CALLICARPA PAUCIFLORA Chun ex H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
275. 1951.

Synonymy: Callicarpa pauciflora "Chun ex Chang" apud Chang,
Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 309. 1951.

Bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: [269], 27h,
275, 309, & 311. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 3. 1966.

The original description of this species by Chang (1951) is as
follows: "Frutex circ. 60 cm altus. Ramuli teretes plus minusve
lenticellati, hornotini stellato—pubescentes, annotini glabri
pallidi. Folia ovato-elliptica vel elliptica 6--10 cm longa, 2.5—
4 cm lata, apice acuminata vel breviter acuminata, basi late acu-
ta, quadrante inferiore et apice excepto crenato-serrata, supra
viridia sparse stellato-puberula, subtus pallidiora stellato-
pubescentia, nervis utrinsecus 7--9, supra conspicuis subtus ele-
vatis; petioli 4--6 m longi, stellato-pubescentes. Cymae parvae,
pauciflorae (floribus circ. 3—~7), bis dichotomae, 1 cm latae,
stellato-pubescentes, pedunculis 4—6 mm longis, pedicellis 1--
1.5 mm longis; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae 8 mm longae, 1 mm
latae; bracteolae subulatae 1.5 mm longae; calyx ad medium loba-
tus 2.2 mm longus stellato-pubescens, lobis acutis lanceolatis

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 387

circ. 1 m longis; corolla rosea 3.5 mm longa parcissime puberula,
lobis ovatis; stamina exserta, filamentis --5 mm longis, anther-
is 1 mm longis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus; ovarium sparse
pubescens, stylo circ. 6 mm longo. Fructus ignotus."

The type and apparently only known collection of this taxon is
S. P. Ko 52908, collected in 1903 in Canton, Kwangtung, China,
and - deposited in the herbarium of the Gvtantenl Institute of Sui
yatsen University in Canton. Chang (1951) compares it with C.

longipes Dunn.

CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 513. 1810.

Synonymy: Callicarpa cuspidata Roxb., Hort. Beng. [83], hypo-
nym. 181); Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall. 1, L:

09. 1820. (not C. cuspidata Bakh., 1932, nor Hassk., 1921, nor
Lam & Bakh., 1951]. Callicarpus dentata Roth ex Roem, & Schult.
in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 3: 98. 1818. Callicarpa dentata
Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 81-~-82. 1821 [not C. dentata Pav., 1936, nor
Roxbd., 1831, nor Sessé & Moc., 1940]. Callicarpa lanata Zipp. ex
Span., Linnaea 15: 330. 1841 [not C. lanata Gamble, , 1893, nor
Hosséus, 1912, nor L., 1771, nor H. J. Lam, 190, nor Lam., 1821].
Callicarpus cuspidata Roxb. ex Hassk., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor.
Cult. Alt. 136. 18). Callicarpus oblongifolia ? acuminatissima
Hassk., Cat. Pl. Bot. Bogor. Cult. Alt. 136. 1844. Callicarpa
lanata Vahl ex Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 64). 1847. Callicarpa
oblongifolia var. acuminatissima Hassk. apud Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat.
[Fl. Ned. Ind.] 2: 887, in syn. 1856. Callicarpa cana Wall. (in
part) apud Bocq., Adansonia 3: 192. 1863 [not C. cana Dalz. &
Gibs., 1919, nor Gamble, 1389, nor L., 1771, nor Spreng., 1866,
nor Vahl, 1866]. Callicarpa lanata Schau. apud Benth. & F. Muell.,
a costa: 5: 57, in syn. 1870. Callicarpa tiliaefolia Tiejsm.

& Binn. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. h: 569, in
syn. 1885. Callicarpa pedunculata var. typica H. J. Lam, Verben-
ac. Mal. Arch. 56--57. 1919. Callicarpa lanata Walp. apud Bakh.
in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 3: 2, in syn.
1921. Callicarpa pendunculata R. Br. ex Bakh. in Lam & Bakh.,
Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 3: 24, sphalm. 1921. Calli-
carpa pedunculata Roth ex Schwenke, Zytol. Untersuch. Verbenac.
27 & 28. 1931. Callicarpus cuspidata Hassk. ex Moldenke, Prelim.
Alph. List Invalid Names 13, in syn. 190. Callicarpus oblongi-
folia var. acuminatissima Hassk. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List
Invalid Names 14, in syn. 190.

Bibliography: Rumph., Herb. Amb. : 12), pl. 59. 17433; Vahl,
Symb. Bot. 3: 13. 179); R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 513. 1810;
Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 2: 3h. 1811; Roxb., Hort. Beng.
[83]. 1814; Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 3: 98.
1818; Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.], 1: 39h, 409,
& 481. 1820; Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 81--83. 1821; Steud., Nom. Bot.,
ed. 1, 137. 1821; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 20. 1825;

388 Powers 20 ‘L0G Vol. 21, no.%6

Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. lj: 818. 1826; J. A. & J. H. Schul-
tes., Mant. 3: 52—-55. 1827; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16,
5: 126. 1828; Wall., Numer. List "9" [=50]. 1828; Roxb., Fl.
Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 1: 39) & 395. 1832; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1:
428--29. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 257. 180; Span., Lin-
naea 15: 330. 181; Hassk., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Cult. Alt.
136. 18h; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 128. 1845; Schau. in A.
DC., Prodr. 11: 64. 1847; Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 491. 188; Jac-
ques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur.] 3:
503. 1851; Benth. in Hook., Journ. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135.
1853; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. (Fl. Ned. Ind.] 2: 886--887. 1856; Miq.,
Fl. Ind. Bat. [Fl. Ned. Ind.] Suppl. 1: 23. 1860; Regel, Garten-
fl. 9: 56. 1860; Sieb. & de Vriese, Ann. Hort. Bot. Pays-Bas [Fl.
Jard.] h: 97. 1861; Rosenthal, Syn. Pl. Diaphor. 430. 1862; Regel,
Gartenfl. 12: 101. 1863; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 192. 1863; E. Pritz.,
Icon. Bot. Ind. 2: 55. 1866; F. Muell. in Landsb., Explor. Austr.
119. 1866; Benth. & F. Muell., Fl. Austral. 5: 57. 1870; Roxb.,
Fl. Ind., ed. 3 [C. B. Clarke], 132. 1875; F. Vill., Nov. App.
158. 1880; F. Muell., First Census 103. 1882; F. M. Bailey, Syn.
Quennsl. Fl. 377. 1883; F. M. Bailey, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 1:
70. 188); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 569. 1885;
W. B. Hemsl. in Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. Chal-
lenger 3, Bot. 1: 110. 1885; Forbes, Wander. Naturf. Mal. Arch.
2: 226. 1886; F. Muell., Second Census 173. 1889; K. Schum. &
Holir., Fl. Kaiser Wilk.-land 119. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Pl.
Queensl. 35. 1890; N. E. Br. in Johnson, Gard. Dict. 157. 1890;
Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 26. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. &
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386. 1893; Moore & Betche, Handb.
Fl. N. S. Wales 356. 1893; K. Schum. & Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch.
Schutzgeb. Siidsee 522. 1900; Britten in Banks & Soland., Illusitr.
Austral. Pl. [Bot. Cook's Voy. 2:] 7h, pl. 237. 1901; F. M.
Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 4: 117). 1901; W. P. Wright in Cassell,
Dict. Pract. Gard., ed. 1, 1: 156. 1902; F. M. Bailey in Meston,
Exp. Bell.-Ker (Parliam. Rep.) 1). 190); Rehd. in L. H. Bailey &
Mill., Cycl. Am. Hort. 1: 217. 1906; W. P. Wright in Cassell,
Dict. Pract. Gard., ed. 2, 1: 156. 1907; King & Gamble, Journ.
Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 7h, (2), extra no., 803 & 807--308. 1908;
King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay. Penins. 21: 1013 & 1017—1018.
1909; Koord., Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 134. 1912; F. M. Bailey, Com-
preh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 382. 1913; Rehd. in L. H. Bailey, Stand.
Cycl. Hort. 2: 629. 1914; H. J. Lam in H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks
Herb. Leid. 37: 33--3). 1914; E. D. Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb.
Amboin. ))8--h9, 526, & 559. 1917; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay.
Arch. 6, 54--58, & 65. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard.
Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 3: 11 & 23—27. 1921; H. N. Ridl., Fl.
Malay Penins. 2: 617. 1923; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl.
3: 388. 1923; H. J. Lam in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 59: 88. 192; Heyne,
Nutt. Plant. Nederl. Ind., ed. 1, 1311. 19273; Domin, Bibl. Bot.
22 [89 (6)]: 1108. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 525 & 526. 1929;
Schwenke, Zytol. Untersuch. Verbenac. 27 & 28. 1931; Metc., Lign.
Sci. Journ. 11: 05--l08. 1932; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Toulouse 6): 505 & 506. 1932. {to be continued]

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MOSSES FROM PERU

Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

A number of undescribed species have been found in various
small collections of Peruvian bryophytes sent for determination
by A. Sagastegui and F. Ayala of Trujillo, and Dana Griffin III
of Florida. Three of these species are described here and a
fourth is described from misdetermined material obtained on loan
from New York. These species all reflect the need for further
work with the bryophytes of Peru. I have come to believe that
Peru has more undescribed species and more unrecognized range
extensions at this time than any other country in South America.
I have already added two new species to the flora in recent
years (Robinson, 1967), and one species has been described by
Crum (1967). The new species are from various parts of Peru,
but a number, including Barbula malagana Crum, are from the
coastal region which I intend to dicuss more fully in another
paper. It is sufficient to point out here that this coastal
area and the "lomas" found there seem to have an unusually high
percentage of endemic bryophyte species.

Trichostomum marginatum H.Robinson, sp. nov. (Fig. 1-4).

Planta dioica?, dense caespitosa pallide viridis, inferne
sordida. Caules ca. 1 cm longi simplices vel parce ramosi.
Folia caulina erecta laxe disposita, siccitate superne valde
circinata, linearia ca. 3 mm longa, in apicibus cylindricis
attenuata, margine integra vel minute subcrenulata erecta
bi- tristratosa; nervis prope basin 80, latis, ad extremum
subulatis indistincte; cellulis basilaribus angustis elongatis
8-10, latis ad 70, longis laevibus pellucidis, mediis et
superioribus quadratis vel transverse elongatis 13, longis
7-13, longis minute multi-papillosis. Folia perichaetialia
arcte convoluta. Calyptrae cucullatae. Setae erectae ca. 2 cm
longae rufescentes. Capsulae erectae anguste ovales inopercul-
atae 1.5 mm longae laevissimae rufescentes; operculis longe
conicis 0.7-1.0 mm longis; dentibus pallidis uniseriatis fili-
formibus erectis dense papillosis ad 300, longis. Sporae
ovales 10-12, diam. asperulae.

Peru. Dept. Huanuco: Mufia, on shaded bank about 7000 ft.,
George S. Bryan 507a (NY, holotype).

The species is distinguished from others of the genus
Trichostomum by the thickened margin. The margins of the leaves
are actually erect to incurved but might seem slightly recurved
because of the thickening. For this reason the species might be

389

390 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

compared with Trichostomopsis (Robinson, 1970) which, however,
has only one stereid band in the costa. The type specimen of
Trichostomum marginatum was originally determined as a member of
the genus Barbula subgenus Asteriscium (= Trichostomopsis).

Tortula acletoi H.Robinson, sp. nov. (Fig. 5-7).

Planta dioica?, laxe caespitosa pallide viridis. Caules
2-5 mm longi simplices vel parce ramosi. Folia caulina erecto-
patentia, siccitate valde contorta, oblonga 2.0-3.5 mm longa ad
1.0 mm lata late acuta saepe breve apiculata, margine argute
serrulata erecta unistratosa; nervis prope besin ca. 80. latis
percurrentis; cellulis basilaribus elongatis ca. 25, latis
50-100, longis laevis pellucidis, margine 5-6 seriebus angust-
issimis; cellulis mediis et superioribus quadratis vel sexangul-
aribus 15-20, diam. multipapillosis; cellulis marginalibus fere
usque ad apicem in 1-2 seriebus linearibus 5-10, latis 50-100,
longis. Folia perichaetialia vix differentia aliquantum
convoluta. Calyptrae cucullatae. Setae erectae 10-12 mm longae
flavae vel rufescentes. Capsulae erectae cylindricae, 3.0-3.5
mm longae sine operculis, laeves rufescentes; operculis longe
conicis ca. 1.5 mm longis; dentibus filiformibus spiralibus ad
1.5 mm longis, inferne coalitis. Sporae ovales 8-10, diam.

Peru. Dept. Lima: Prov. Canta, Huascoy, alt. 2800 m,
Borde de terreno de cultivo, Cesar Acleto 1468 (US, holotype).

The new species seems very close to Tortula denticulata
(Wils.) Mitt., but the latter is distinct by the lack of papillae
on the leaf cells and by minor differences in the serrulation.
Few other species in the genus have a serrulate margin with
elongate cells.

Syrrhopodon griffinii H.Robinson, sp. nov. (Fig. 8).

Planta dioica parva luteo-viridis dense caespitosa
arenicola. Caules ca. 0.5 cm alti subsimplices. Folia 2.0-2.7
mm longa ad 0.35 mm lata, siccitate erecto-patentia vel aliquant-
um contorta, madida erecto-patentia, lingulata breve acuta, basi
vix latiora, fere ad apicem per cellulas elongatas limbata,
superne serrata, medio utrinque 5-8 ciliata; ciliis singulis vel
raro binis; nervis subpercurrentibus utrinque spinoso-papillosis,
apice saepe propaguliferis; cellulis nediis et superioribus
subquadratis 6-8, latis 6-10 (raro 12)y longis, humiliter
bi- vel multifido-papillosis; apicibus cancellinarum plerumque
acutis, cellulis cancellinarum ad 25, latis et 60, longis.
Cetera ignota.

Peru. Dept. Loreto: cerca de Zungara Cocha a 25 kms. al
oeste de Iquitos, ocurriendo en suelo arenoso, Dana Griffin III
and Nancy Griffin, 14 July 1965 (US, holotype; LAF, isotype).

1971 Robinson, Mosses from Peru 391

Figs. 1-12. Peruvian mosses. 1-4. Trichostomum marginatunm.
1. Leaf, x 25. 2. Leaf cross-section, x 375. 3. Basal leaf cells,
x 250. 4. Leaf tip, x 250. 5-7. Tortula acletoi. 5. Leaf, x 25.
6. Leaf tip, x 250. 7. Cells of leaf margin, x 250. 8. Syrrhopo-
don griffinii, leaf, x 25. 9-12. Macromitrium lomasense. 9.

Calyptra, x 12. 10. Basal leaf cells, x 250. 11. Cells of upper
leaf margin, x 250. 12. Leaf, x 20.

392 PT TOL OGRA Vol. 21, no. 6

The new species is very close to the recently described
Syrrhopodon brevisetus Florsch. of Suriname. Most characters
such as the occasional paired marginal cilia, cancellinae acute
above, and both surfaces of the costa strongly spinose-papillose,
are found in both species. Still, there is a distinct difference
in the upper leaf cells which are subquadrate and 6-8, in diam-
eter in S. griffinii versus elongate and 18x10, in S. brevisetus.

Macromitrium lomasense H.Robinson, sp. nov. (Fig. 9-12).

Planta dioica mediocris terricola et epiphytica laxe lateque
caespitosa fuscoviridis. Caulesprostrati dense ramosi; ramis
erectis ad 1 cm longis. Folia sat densa, siccitate adpressa,
aliquantum hamata, valde carinata, in spira curvata, madida
patula, anguste oblonga vel linearia 2.0-3.0 mm longa 0.5-0.6 mm
lata breviter acuta vel breve apiculata, margine integra vel
minute crenulata; nervis laevibus percurrentibus, inferne ca.
4Oy latis; cellulis basilaribus ca. 8, latis 15-30, longis
interdum unipapillosis in superficie adaxiali; parietibus
longitudinalibus sat incrassatis, cellulis marginalibus inferne
in seriebus unicis laxis, mediis et superioribus rotundatis
mamillosis 6-12, diam. non papillosis. Folia perichaetialia
vix differentia vel breviora. Calyptrae mitratae ca. 15-lobatae
sparse hirsutae. Setae erectae ca. 5 mm longae laeves stramin-
eae vel inferne rufescentes. Capsulae erectae subglobosae
infuscatae 2 mm longae sine operculis laeves vel obscure cost-
atae; operculis recte aciculari-rostratis; dentibus exterioribus
et interioribus inter se subconcretis obtusis luride flavidis
dense papillosis. Sporae sphaericae dense papillosae 25-30
diam.

Peru. Dept. La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Cerro Chiputur,
650 m, saxicola, F. Ayala 7124 c. fr. (US, holotype; HUT,
isotype).

Additional collections:

Dept. La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Cerro Chiputur, on rock
and soil, F. Ayala 7061 c. fr., 7063a, 7064; alt. 780 m, Ayala
7114; Lomas de Vird, on trees and rocks, alt. 540-720 m, Ayala
(OTs 7010; 7011, 7012, =" 7OLb3) 7017; 7018, "7020, 702%,

7023, 70 ks 7078, 7079, 7080.

Dept. Lima: Prov. Chancay, Lachay, km 88 carretera al
norte, alt. 520 m, in Lomas, Emma Cerrate 882 c. fr.; alt. 440
m, Lomas pedregosas, Cerrate 884 c. fr.

The new species resembles some of the common members of
Macromitrium, but it is rather distinct in the slightly more
robust habit and the slightly but distinctly hairy calyptra. The
basal leaf cells never seem to have as many papillae though this
character is variable in some related species. The habit and
most of the described features of M. lomasense are like the
common M. punctatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid., but the latter has

1971 Robinson, Mosses from Peru 393

longer basal leaf cells. A number of species such as M. atro-
viride Williams, M. cylindricum Mitt. and M. sublaeve Mitt. seem
similar to M. lomasense on the basis of descriptions, but they
are smaller plants with either more glabrous or more prominently
hairy calyptrae.

The species is apparently widely distributed in the Lomas
along the coast of Peru.

Literature Cited

Crum, H. 1967. Barbula malagana, a new species from Peru.
Bryologist 70: 235-237.

Robinson, H. 1967. Six new bryophytes from South America.
Bryologist 70: 317-321.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XXXVIII.

A NEW GENUS, PETERAVENIA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Five Eupatorian species from Mexico and Central America
represent a distinctive previously unnamed genus having decid-
uous pappus setae, discolored phyllaries, and cordate leaves.
The pappus setae alone are sufficient to distinguish the genus,
being very narrow at the base and noncontiguous but enlarged
at the tip. The genus is Critonioid in its smooth corolla
lobes and its usualysimple style base. One feature that is
more reminiscent of Ageratina, however, is the usually high
placement of the embryo in the achene.

We take great pleasure in naming this new genus in honor
of our good friend and colleague, Dr. Peter H. Raven of Stanford
University. Although the Asteraceae is not his main speciality,
his contributions to our knowledge of the family are very
significant.

Peteravenia R.M.King & H.Robinson, genus novum Asteracearum.
Plantae grossae herbaceae vel frutescentes erectae usque ad
4m. altae, pauce ramosae. Folia opposita longe petiolata,
laminis cortatis plerumque serratis. Inflorescentiae laxe
paniculatae. Involucri squamae ca. 25 plerumque oblongae
inaequilongae 3-4-seriatae; receptacula valde convexa glabra.
Flores 18-35 in capitulo; corollae anguste infundibulares
5-lobatae, extus glabrae, cellulis oblongis vel linearibus,
parietibus plerumque sinuosis, lobis aequilateraliter triangu-
laribus vel longioribus ad apicem induratis minute scabris,
stomatibus nullis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore
angustata, cellulis rectangularibus vel inferne quadratis,
parietibus annulate vel intricate ornatis, cellulis exothecial-
ibus plerumque subquadratis, appendicibus antherarum late
triangularibus obtusis vel truncatis; styli inferne glabri
non vel leniter nodulosi, appendicibus linearibus vel anguste
clavatis minute papillosis vel sublaevibus. Achaenia prismatica
4-5-costata setifera, inferne plerumque angustiora; carpopodia
aliquantum distincta, cellulis quadratis parietibus tenuibus;
pappus setiformis uniseriatus, setis ca. 30 scabris facile
deciduis, inferne angustis non vel vix contiguis, superne
anguste clavatis, cellulis apicibus acutis. Embryones

superne dispositi.

394

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus, Peteravenia 395

Plants erect, few branched, coarse herbs or shrubs to 4
meters tall. Leaves opposite, distinctly long petioled, blades
cordate, usually serrate. Inflorescence a rather loose panicle.
Involucre of ca. 25 unequal, oblong phyllaries; in 3-4 series;
receptacle highly convex, glabrous, 18-35 flowers per head;
corollas narrowly funnelform, 5-lobed, outer surface of corolla
glabrous, lobes equilaterally triangular or longer than wide,
usually with a cap of short papillae on the tips of the lobes;
inner surface glabrous; stomates absent; vascular traces to tips
of lobes, anther collar usually slender, composed of rather thin
walled rectangular cells with beaded thickenings. Anther
appendages with large cells; style base without enlarged node,
glabrous. Stylar appendage only slightly enlarged, mamillose,
lower part of style branches short papillose. Achenes prismatic,
4-5 ribbed, narrowed below, setiferous, carpopodia distinct,
asymetrical, composed of one to several tiers of thin walled
cells, embryo high in the achene, pappus of ca. 30 ? rather
deciduous scabrous setae which are narrow below and broadened at
tips, apical cells acute, chromosome number determined as N =
10 (Raven, unpublished).

Type species: Eupatorium schultzii Schnittspaln

Our studies indicate that the genus contains the following
five species.

Peteravenia grisea (Coult.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
upatorium griseum Coult., Bot. Gaz. 20:43. 1895. Guate-
mala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Peteravenia malvaefolia (A.P.Decandolle) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium malvaefolium A.P.Decandolle, Prodr.

5: 160. 1836. Guatemala, Mexico.

Peteravenia phoenicolepis (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Hupatorium phoenicolepis B.L.Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 35: 338. 1900. El Salvador, Guatemala,
Mexico.

Peteravenia rhodochlamydea (A.Gray) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.

nov. Eupatorium rhodochlamydeum A.Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
15: 26. 1880. Mexico.

Peteravenia schultzii (Schnittspahn) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. fupatorium schultzii Schnittspahn, Zeitschr.
Gartenb. Darmst. 6. 1857. Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XLII.

A NEW GENUS, EUPATORINA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The genus Eupatorina is distinguished from most other genera
of the Eupatorieae by the greatly dissected opposite leaves.
The single known species is calcicolous and endemic to the island
of Hispaniola. The nonpapillose corolla, inornate style base and
the rather clavate stylar appendages indicate that the genus is
Critonioid. The closest relative seems to be the monotypic genus
Antillia (King & Robinson, 1971) of Cuba. The latter genus has
oblanceolate undissected leaves, scapose inflorescence, and a
short pappus of deeply laciniate scales, Eupatorina seems very
reduced in certain features such as the venation of the corolla
which does not extend into the lobes, Such a condition is found
in very few other species of Eupatorieae.

Eupatorina R.M.King & H.Robinson, genus novum Asteracearum
(Eupatorieae). Plantae herbaceae perennes, usque ad 0.5 m altae,
pauce ramosae. Folia opposita, laminis profunde bipinnatifidis.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae. Involucri squamae ca. 12 inaequil-
ongae 2-3-seriatae; receptacula plana vel leniter convexa glabra.
Flores 13-20 in capitulo; corollae anguste infundibulares inferne
dilatatae extus superne et in medio glanduliferae et pauce seti-
ferae, cellulis exterioribus oblongis parietibus leniter sinuo-
sis, lobis 5 aequilateraliter triangularibus intus glabris,
stomatibus nullis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore ang-
ustata, cellulis quadratis vel rectangularibus, parietibus parum
ornatis, cellulis exothecialibus plerumque subquadratis, append-
icibus antherarum late triangularibus truncatis; styli inferne
non nodulosi glabri, appendicibus anguste clavatis mamillatis;
achaenia prismatica 4-5-costata setifera, carpopodia distincta,
cellulis quadratis, parietibus tenuibus vel crassiusculis; pappus
setiformis uniseriatus, setis ca. 40 scabris persistentibus,
cellulis apicalibus subacutis.

Species typica: Eupatorium sophiaefolium Linnaeus

Perennial herbs to 1/2 meter tall, few branched. Leaves
opposite, blades deeply bipinnatefid. Inflorescence a panicle.
Involucre of ca. 12 rather narrowly oblong subequal phyllaries
in 2 series. Receptacle flat to slightly convex, glabrous.

396

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus Eupatorina 397

13-20 flowers per head; corollas narrowly funnel-form, 5 lobed,
outer surface of corolla with numerous short stalked glands
especially on the backs of the lobes and above where the corolla
is constricted, stomates absent, lobes about as wide as long,
inner surface of corollas glabrous, vascular strands of corolla
ending at bases of lobes; anther collar narrow, composed mostly
of elongate cells, quadrate cells below, slightly ornate walls;
anther appendage large, truncate, composed of rather large
elongate cells; style base without enlarged node, glabrous;
stylar appendages rather enlarged near the tips, mamillose.
Achenes prismatic 4-5 ribbed, setiferous, carpopodia distinct;
pappus of ca. 40 scabrous setae, persistant, apical cells of
pappus setae acute. Chromosome number not determined.

The genus is monotypic.
Eupatorina sophiaefolia (Linnaeus) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatorium sophiaefolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1175.
1762-1763. Hispaniola.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science

Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.
Reference

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae

(Asteraceae). XLIII. A new genus Antillia. Phytologia 21:
398-399.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XLIII.

A NEW GENUS, ANTILLIA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The present monotypic genus represents one of the most
distinct endemic Eupatorian elements in the West Indies. The
habit is very reminiscent of the Eupatorian genus Ciceronia or
even the Mutisian genus Chaptalia with clustered oblanceolate
leaves and long scapose inflorescences. Ciceronia clearly
differs from Antillia by the reduced anther appendages, the
campanulate corollas, the setose pappus and the lack of minute
punctations in the walls of the achene. The closest relative
of Antillia seems to be the monotypic genus, Eupatorina (King
& Robinson, 1971) of the Dominican Republic. Eupatorina
differs most obviously by the setose pappus, the non scapose
habit, the bipinnately dissected leaves, and the lower insertion
of the anther filaments. Antillia and Eupatorina are most alike
in the structure of their achenes including the carpopodia but
have many subtle differences in the shape and pubescence of the
corolla and form of the anther. The relationship might not be
appreciated but for the geographic proximity.

In view of the structure of the pappus in Antillia, it is
remarkable that B.L.Robinson placed the species in Eupatorium.
It indicates that as early as 1916, B.L.Robinson had obtained
considerable contempt for the genus concepts in the Eupatorieae.

Antillia R.M.King and H.Robinson, genus novum Asteracearum
(Eupatorieae). Plantae herbaceae perennes, usque ad 0.2 m
altae, pauce ramosae. Folia opposita, laminis oblanceolatis ad
marginem crenato-lobatis. Inflorescentiae scaposae laxae
perpauce ramosae. Imnvolucri squamae ca. 25 plerumque oblongae,
inaequilongae 2-3-seriatae; receptacula leniter convexa, glabra.
Flores 40-50 in capitulo; corollae infundibulares 5-lobatae
extus superne et aliquantum in medio glanduliferae pauce setif-
erae, cellulis exterioribus oblongis parietibus leniter sinu-
osis, lobis aequilateraliter triangularibus intus glabris,
stomatibus nullis, filis vascularibus in lobis prolongatis;
filamenta antherarum in parte superiore angustata, cellulis
rectangularibus vel inferne quadratis, parietibus leniter
nodulosis, cellulis exothecialibus plerumque subquadratis, a
appendicibus antherarum late triangularibus truncatis; styli
inferne non nodulosi glabri, appendicibus anguste clavatis

398

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus, Antillia 399

mammillatis ad apicem laevibus; achaenia prismatica 7-8-costata,
setifera; carpopodia distincta, cellulis quadratis, parietibus
tenuibus vel crassiusculis; pappis squamae profunde lacinatae
persistens, cellulis marginalibus acutis.

Perennial herbs with few short branches bearing clusters of
leaves. Leaves opposite, blades oblanceolate, margins crenate-
lobate. Inflorescence scapose, very few branched. Involucre of
ca. 25 oblong phyllaries unequal in 2-3 series. Receptacle
slightly convex, glabrous, 40-50 flowers per head; corollas
funnel form, 5-lobed, outer surface of corolla with numerous
short stalked glands mostly on backs of lobes and numerous hairs;
outer corolla cells oblong with scarcely sinuose walls, backs
of lobes not papillose, lobes about as long as wide, stomates
absent, inner surface of corolla glabrous, smooth; vascular
traces reaching beyond middle of lobes. Filaments inserted well
above base of corolla, anther collar composed of quadrate to
rectangular cells, cell walls with beaded thickenings, anther
appendage large, blunt, composed of rather large elongate cells.
Style base without enlarged node, glabrous; stylar appendage
only slightly enlarged near the tip, mamillose except at tips.
Achenes prismatic, 7-8 ribbed, setiferous, setae most prominent
on ribs. Carpopodia distinct, pappus a low crown of deeply
laciniate scales.

Type species: Eupatorium brachychaetum B.L.Robinson

The genus is monotypic.

Antillia brachychaeta (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium brachychaetum B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 51:532. 1916. Cuba.

Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.
Reference

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). XLII. A new genus Eupatorina. Phytologia 21:

396-397.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XLIV.

THE GENUS, RADLKOFEROTOMA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

The genus Carelia Lessing described from southern Brazil
in 1832 represents one of the most distinctive elements in the
tribe Eupatorieae. For many years the genus remained monotypic,
but additional specimens have been collected from both Rio
Grande do Sul in Brazil and from Uruguay, and two additional
species have been described in this century. The genus has
recently been summarized by Cabrera (1957) with a key and desc-
riptions.

The present effort has two functions, first to describe
some of the microscopic features of the genus, and second to
establish the use of the name Radlkoferotoma Kuntze which was
provided for the genus in 1891. As noted by Kuntze, Carelia
Lessing is a later homonym, and conservation does not seem
likely. There are actually two earlier uses of the name, both
in the Eupatorieae, Carelia G. Pondedera ex P.C.Fabricius which
equals Ageratum and Carelia A.L.Jussieu ex Cavanilles which
equals Mikania. The use of the name Carelia for Ageratum is
common in earlier literature and retention of the name in the
sense of Lessing is needlessly confusing as well as illegal.

Radlkoferotoma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 358. 1891.

Erect branching shrubs or small trees. Leaves always op-
posite, distinctly petioled, blades ovate to elliptical, serru-
late. Inflorescence a corymb. Imnvolucre of ca 35 oblong to
lanceolate phyllaries in 4-5 series. Receptacle convex, with or
without distinct hairs; 35-70 flowers per head, corollas tubular,
5-lobed, outer surface with occasional short stalked glands,
stomates absent, lobes slightly longer than wide, inner surface
of corolla glabrous, veins of corolla strong; anther collar
stout, composed of mostly quadrate cells walls with beaded thick-
enings. Anther appendage large, blunt or slightly cleft, com-
posed of elongate cells; style base without enlarged node, glab-
rous, stylar appendages only slightly enlarged near the tip,
densely covered with stout erect papillae. Achenes obpyramid-
ical, 4-5 ribbed, setiferous, carpopodia short to rather elong-
ate with thin-walled quadrate cells; pappus a single series of
large truncate scales.

4,00

1971 King & Robinson, The genus Radlkoferotoma 401

Type species: Carelia cistifolia Lessing
Chromosome number not determined.

Our studies of the genus indicate that it contains the
following three species.

Radlkoferotoma cistifolium (Lessing) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 358.
1891. Carelia cistifolia Lessing, Syn. Compos. 156. 1832.

Brazil, Uruguay.

Radlkoferotoma berroi (Hutch.) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Carelis berroi Hutch. Kew Bull. 1916: 189. 1916. Brazil,

Uruguay.

Radlkoferotoma ramboi (Cabrera) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb.
nov. Carelia ramboi Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 6: 240.
1957. Brazil.

References

Cabrera, A.L. 1957. El Genero Carelia (Compositae). Bol. Soc.
Argent. Bot. 6: 240.

Kuntze, O. 1891. Rev. Gen. 358.

Lessing, C.F. 1832. Synopis generum Compositarum. 156 p.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant GB- 20502 to the senior author.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). XLV.

A NEW GENUS, FLEISCHMANNIOPSIS.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Among the Mexican and Central American species superficially
resembling Critonia, are three that are very distinct ina
number of characters including their pappus and carpopodia. We
apply the name Fleischmanniopsis to these species because of the
marked resemblance of parts of the achene and corollas to those
of Fleischmannia. The very distinct tapering, strongly rimmed
carpopodia with thick walled cells are exactly like those found
otherwise only in the genus Fleischmannia. The entirely slender
usually slightly seperated pappus setae are also alike in the
two genera. The similarity in overall shape of the corolla
further indicates the possibility of relationship. At this time,
however, the question of relationship of Fleischmannia remains
unresolved.

Some features of Fleischmanniopsis are certain at this time.
The resemblance to Critonia is supported by such Critonioid
features as smooth corolla lobes and a glabrous unenlarged style
base. The genus is distinct from Critonia by the form of the
carpopodium with its thick walled cells, by the slender pappus
setae, by the veins of the corolla not reaching into the lobes,
and by the reduced anther appendage. The genus is even more
distinct from Fleischmannia by its smooth corolla lobes,
short corolla veins, reduced anther appendages, less papillose
style branches with clavate tips, fewer flowers per head and
more imbricate phyllaries. Even the anther collars show some
shorter more quadrate cells toward the base unlike the condition
in Fleischmannia.

The short veins of the corollas of Fleischmanniopsis reach
only to the sinusas between the lobes. This seems to:be a
reduced condition that is made possible by the small size of
the flowers. Another genus showing this type of veination is
Eupatorina (King & Robinson, 1971) of Hispaniola. There seems
to be no close relationship between the genera.

Fleischmanniopsis R.M.King & H.Robinson, genus novum Aster-
acearum (Eupatorieae). Plantae herbaceae, erectae pauce ramos-
ae. Folia opposita longe petiolata, laminis ovate lanceolatis
serratis. Inflorescentiae paniculatae. Involucri squamae 15-
20 valde inaequilongae 3-5 seriatae; receptacula plana vel
leniter convexa glabra. Flores 5-10 in capitulo; corollae

402

1971 King & Robinson, A new genus, Fleischmanniopsis 403

anguste infundibulares 5-lobatae, extus glabrae, cellulis oblon-
gis vel linearibus, parietibus sinuosis, lobis aequilateraliter
triangularibus ad apicem minute pauce papillosis, stomatibus
nullis, filis vascularibus infra lobes terminatis; filamenta
antherarum alte inserta, in parte superiore angustata, cellulis
rectangularibus vel inferne quadratis, parietibus nodulosis vel
annulate ornatis, cellulis exothecialibus, plerumque subquadratis
vel latioribus, appendicibus antherarum brevibus obtusis vel
emarginatis; styli inferne glabri non nodulosi, appendicibus
leniter vel abrupte clavatis inferne mamillosis superne sub-
laevibus. Achaenia prismatica 4-5-costata vix setifera;
carpopodia valde distincta, cellulis quadratis parietibus
crassis; pappus setiformis uniseriatus, setis 30-40 tenuis non
vel vix contiguis scabris persistentibus, cellulis apicibus
acutis.

Erect herbs. Leaves opposite, distinctly long petioled,
blades ovate-lanceolate, usually serrate. Inflorescence a
panicle. Imvolucre of 15-20 very unequal phyllaries; in 3-5
series; receptacle flat or slightly convex, glabrous, 5-10
flowers per head; corollas narrowly funnelform, 5-lobed, outer
surface of corolla glabrous, cells oblong to linear with sinuous
walls, lobes about as long as wide, with short papillae only at
the tips; inner surface glabrous; stomates absent; veins of
corolla reaching only to sinuses between lobes; anther collar
slender, composed of rectangular or quadrate cells, walls with
beaded or annulate thickenings; anther appendage small, some-
times emarginate, composed of large cells. Style base without
enlarged node, glabrous. Stylar appendage very much enlarged at
the tips, mamillose, lower parts of style branches short papill-
ose. Achenes prismatic, 4-5 ribbed, glabrous except for a very
few setae, carpopodia very distinct, with upper rim, composed of
several tiers of short thick-walled cells, pappus of 30-40
scabrous persistent setae in one series, apical cells acute.

Type species: Eupatorium leucocephalum Benth m

Our studies of the genus indicate that it contains the
following three species.

Fleischmanniopsis leucocephala(Bentham) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Bupatorium leucocephalum Bentham, Pl. Hartw. 86.
1841. El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.

Fleischmanniopsis mendax (Standley & Steyermark) R.M.King &
H.Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium mendax Standley & Steyer-
mark, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago, Bot. Ser. 23:
185. 1944. Guatemala.

ok PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6
Fleischmanniopsis nubigenoides (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King &

H.Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium nubigenoides B.L.Robinson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 54: 618. 1909. Guatemala.

Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation Grant - 20502 to the senior author.

Reference

King, R.M. & H.Robinson 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster-
aceae). XLII. A new genus, Eupatorina. Phytologia 21:

396-397 .

MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIONS AND REVISIONS TO THE FLOWERING PLANTS
OF JAMAICA III
Cc. De. ADAMS

ACANTHODESMOS (COMPOSITAE)

ACANTHODESMOS C. D. Adams & M. C. duQuesnay, gen. nov.
Gems in tribu Vernonieae sed absque affinitate collocatus.

Capitule lateralia vel foliis opposita, sessilia, lappacea,
homogama, tubuliflora, floribus omnibus hermaphroditis, Involucri
bracteae pluri-seriatae imbricatae aculeatae apicem versus glandul-
osae. Receptaculum paleaceum. Corollae aequales, regulares, lobis
extus glandulosis. Antherae basi candatae. Stylus filiformis,
apicem versus leviter incrassatus; styli rami breves acuti paten-
tes. Achaenia turbinata, pauci-angulata, l0-costata, glabra.
Pappus uniseriatus paleis inaequalibus acutis apicem glandulosis.

ACANTHODESMOS DISTICHUS C. D. Adams & M. C. duQuesnay, sp. nov.

Suffrutex perennis ramis effusis usquve 1m longis; rami
primarii temes hornotini villosi dense glandulosi glabrescentes
cinerascentes, valde monopodiales, internodiis ca. 2 om longis;
remili distichi coplani vel ascendentes usque 20 cm longi. Folia
alterna disticha, anguste oblonga, 4-7 (-8) om longa, 8-L; mm lata,
basi inaequales, margine plus mimisve simata et remote denticul-
ata, apice acuta pungentia, adaxiale initio appresso-pubescentia
glandulosaque demum asperata, subtus dense albido-tomentosa costa
prominenti, venis lateralibus pinnatis utroque latere 10-12 item
prominentibus; petiolus mims quam 3 mm longus, late alatus, per
porcam circum nodum versus spinam vel phyllarium infimum in
positione folio-opposita conjugatus, Nodi steriles spinis (cum
phyllariis cognatis) (1-) 2-5 curvatis acicularibus usque ca. 12
mm longis armati. Capitula folio-opposita, sessilia. Involucri
bracteae 15-16, extimae usque 12 m longae pro parte majore (9 m)
seta rigida pungenti purpurascenti, gossypinae. Receptaculi
paleae 11-12, involucri bracteas simulantes sed breviores oblongae
acuminatae acutaeve. Flosculi in quoque capitulo 12-13. Corolla
5-partita extus glandulosa; tubus 4-5.5 mm longus, albidus; lobi
305-5 mm longi, intus malvini (HCC 637). Antheree apices hyalini,
basibus oblongo-caudatis. Pollen breviter spinosum incolor.
Stylus 12-15 mm longus pilis brevibus ascendentibus squarrosis-
que, basi albus alibi purpureus; styli rami 0.3-0.4 mm longi
patentes acuti purpurei. Achaenia obconica 1,6-2 mm longa, obse-
ure angulata, 10-costata, glandulosa cetero leevia. Pappi paleae
inaequales 0,7-1,8 mm longae plus minusve connatae. Fig. 1, a-f.

Type Collection: C. D. Adams 13056 (holotype UCWI; iso-
types BM, GH, K, USNM), in salina margin thicket, Portland Cott-
age, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, elev. near sea-level, 6 November
1968 (plant in flower).

405

Vol. 21, no. 6

PHYTOLGOGEA

1,06

Acanthodesmos distichus

a-f

Z

Fig.

1971 Adams, Flowering plants of Jamaica 07

Paratypes: C, D. Adamg 12999 (HM, UCWI), type locality as
above, 7 May 1967 (plant in flower and fruit); G. R. Proctor
31173 (IJ), type locality as above, 2 Jamary 1970 (plant in
flower and fruit).

The affinities of Acanthodesmos are not at all clear. When
first discovered the plant was thought to belong to Mutisieae
and to be related to Anastraphia or Gochnatia, but the nature of
the pappus and the presence of receptacle-scales is not consist-
ent with that identification. Another feature suggesting Mutis-
ieae, besides the caudate anther-bases and short style-arms, was
the apparent unequal lobing of the corolla, but the corolla-
lobes only sometimes adhere and are not in’ fact unequally
connate.

The decision to place this new gems in Vernonieae was made
after an assessment of the pappus-scales, the shape and colour
of the corolla and the glands on it, the pollen, the pointed
tips of the style-arms and the indumentum of the stems and
leaves. In the description, the capitula are treated as simple,
but it is possible to interpret the flower-head of Acanthodesmos
@s a@ compound one in which all traces of the involucres of the
first order have been lost. ‘Such an interpretation would place
the new gems in Lychnophoreae, perhaps close to Rolandra and
Spiracantha, genera represented in our area and sharing some
vegetative features with our new plant.

The unique nodal spines are obviously vestigial outer inv-
olucral bracts. The connections across the node fram the base
of the outer spine to the opposed leaf=-base provide the inspir-
ation for the new name. If these spines are the homologues of
the outer phyllaries of compound heads, they may belong to a
morphic series at a level closer to true leaves and this expl-
ain their persistence at nodes, presumably on reduced branches.
The gems also has some characters which are suggestive of
cynarioid and imloid affinities.

The salina thicket in which this plant occurs is typical of
the microphyllous woody vegetation which occurs widely in the
arid parts of southern Jamaica; the poor drainage and high sal-
inity of the clay soils of the salina-margins favour these
species which were found associated with Acanthodesmos:- the
trees and shrubs Conocarpus erectus, Caesalpinia vesicaria,
Coccoloba krugii, ae ao aos Croton linearis, Cocco~
thrinax thrinax jamaicensis, Brya ebems, Jacquinia arborea, rea, Haemato-
xylum campechiamm, Picrodendron foe and the ss, Btn
Commicarpus scandens, Urechites lutea, lutea, Marsdenia mac macfadyeni

Cynanchum hum albiflorun and the common seashore grass eee
vir CUS.

Explanation of Figure 1: a. Floret, X5; b. Anther, X15;
c. Receptacle~scales, X5; d. Inner phyllaries, X5; e. Stem-
node, X3; f. Habit, Xl.

4,08 Polg¥ -TcOebyO'G Ek Vol. 21, no. 6

CHLORIS (GRAMINEAE)
CHLORIS DANDYANA C. D. Adams, nom. nov.

Chloris polydactyla Sw., Nov. Gen.& Sp. Pl.: 26. 1788.

Andropogon polydactylos L., Sp. Pl. ed.2, 2: 1483,
1763, nom. illegit.

Chloris barbata (L.) Nash in Bull, Torr. Bot. Club 25:
43. 1898. duiropoges barbams L., Syst. Nat. ed 10,
2: 1305. 1759, non Chloris barbata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ.
1: 200. 1797.

Mr. J. E. Dandy has pointed out that the common tropical
American grass, hitherto known as Chloris polydactyla, is with-
out a legitimate name. It gives me great pleasure to name this
handsome perennial grass for him, not only in gratitude for the
considerable help he has given me in solving problems concern-
ing Jamaican plants but also in recognition of his outstanding
contributions to botanical nomenclature generally.

EUPATORIUM (COMPOSITAE)
EUPATORIUM CONTORTUM C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

E. tristi DC. simile sed involucri bracteis lanceolatis
acuminatis et foliorum in petiolis basibus decurrentibus.

Frutex 15 m altus, remis laxis; internodia 4-5 cm longa
dense puberula glandulosaque. Folia ovata vel ovato-lanceolata,
basi cuneata et in petiolis anguste decurrentia, marginibus
parum crenatis, apice longe acuta, in nervo medio et subter
puberula. Inflorescentia multo ramosa, potius laxa, corymboza,
8-12 cm lata, dense puberula, pedunculis flexilibus. Involucra
mumerosa stipitata ca. 5-6 mm longa, bracteis 8-10, 2-seriatis,
saepe contortis, lanceolatis acuminatis glandulosis puberulis,
exterioribus 2.5 mm longis, interioribus usque 5.5 mm longis.
Flosculi ca. 10; corolla hypocrateriformmis, alba, tubo ca. 3
mm longa. Achaenia linearia, 3 mm longa, plerumque 5=-angulata,
nigra puberula; pappus 1,5-2.5 mm longus.

Type Collection: R. A. Howard, G R. Proctor & B. L.

Wagenknecht 20512 (holotype IJ; isotype UCW1), on wooded lime-

stone hilltop, Stirling Castle Forest Reserve, near the Aljam
tramline, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica, elev. cae 2000 feet, 7 Jan-
uary 1960; “Shrub 1.5 m tall, with lax branches; heads white."

This rare plant, at present known only from the type, is
distinguished by its lax growth and the loose inflorescence of
numerous twisted heads.

EUPATORIUM CRITONIFORME Urb. var. PUBESCENS C. D. Adams, var.
noVe

Inflorescentiae rami pubescentes.

Type Collection: G. R. Proctor 28401 (holotype IJ), in
rocky thickets beside river, near site of Nanny Town in gorge

1971 Adams, Flowering plants of Jamaica 09

of the Stony River, Portland Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1700-1900
feet, 26 July 1967; "Shrub 3.5 m tall."

Paratype: J. P. 1360 (UCWI).

Eupatorium critoniforme Urb. is a species very easily dist-
inguished by the long-acuminate leaves with translucent lines
accompanying the veins only and by the cylindrical corolla with
very short lobes; the variety critoniforme has the inflorescence
glabrous.

EUPATORIUM HARDWARENSE G. R, Proctor ex C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

E. tetrantho Griseb. simile sed capitulis mlto majoribus
et foliis latioribus; preesentia glandium E. simile Proctor
simulans sed capitulis majoribus et flosculis pluribus differt.

Frutex scandens. Folia late ovata, basi truncato-subcord-
ata, repando-dentata, breviter acuminata, usque ad 9 cm longa et
8 om lata, tripli-sub-5-nervata, in superficiebus ambabus gland-
ibus parvis luteis. Inflorescentia corymbosa omnino dense
puberula. Involucra mmerosa ad apices ramorum in fascioulis
parvis sessilia, campamilata, bracteis ca. 16, 3-4-seriatis,
multo inaequalibus, ovatis oblongo-ovatisqe, intimis longissims
usque 4,5 mm. Flosouli ca. 10, olivacei. Achaenia 1.7=2,5 mm
longa, glandulosa.

Type Collection: G. R. Proctor 22970 (holotype IJ; isotype
UCWI), in montane rain-forest, along the waterfall trail north
of Hardwar Gap, Portland Parish, Jamaica, elev. ca. 3900 feet,
25 November 1962; “High-climbing vine; heads pale greenish-
brown."

There are three species of high-climbing Expatoriums in the
middle elevation woodlands of Jamaica, all of them endemic as far
as we know. E. hardwarense has flower-heads about 5 mm long,
whereas those of E. tetrantmm Griseh. and E. simile Proctor are
only about half that size.

VERNONIA (COMPOSITAE)
VERNONIA VERTICILLATA G. R. Proctor ex C. D. Adams, sp. nov.

Species nova in sectione Lepidoploa sed absque affinitate
manifesta.

Frutex usque 2.5 m altus ramis effusis arcuatis obscure
striatis angulatisque, leviter puberulis, glabrescentibus. Folia
in eodem ramo quoad dispositionem variabilia, infima et summa
alterna, in medio opposita vel 3-,-verticillata; laminae ovatae
vel oblongo-ohovatae, basi rotundatae, apice acuminatae, integ-
rae, leviter puberulae, supra nitentes pervirides, subter gland-
uloso-punctatae, in quoque latero venis lateralibus 5-7, 3=7 cm
longae, 1.5-5 om latae. Petioli usque ad 2 mm longi. Capitula
sessilia caulis principalis ad nodos superos vel in ramis
elongatis in fasciculis parvis bracteis foliaceis subtentis.
Involucnm turbinatum ca. 8 mm longum, bracteis imbricatis 6-7-

410 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

seriatis lanceolatis acutis, dorsalibus convexis, glumaceis,
pubescentibus ad apicem glandulosis, extimis brevissimis, intim-
is cae 6 mm longis. Flosculi ca. 7. Corolla 5 m longa, purp-
urea, glandulosa. Achaenia 1.5 mm longa, leviter 10-costata,
setis ascendentibus; pappi paleae exteriores pallidae 1-15 m
longae, setae interiores fuscae 5-6 mm longae.

Type Collection: G. R, Proctor 22987 (holotype IJ; iso-
type UCWI), on wooded limestone hilltop, White Rock Hill, ca. 1
mile south of Sweet Water, St. James Parish, Jamaica, elev.
2000-2200 feet, 2 December 1962; "Small spreading shrub;
flowers bright purple."

Paratype: G. R. Proctor 24715 (IJ), on steep rocky lime-
stone hillside, Glencoe district, 1 mile south-east of
Stonehenge, St. James Parish, Jamaica, elev. 1400-2048 feet, 21
March 1964; "Slender arching shrub to 2.5 m tall."

The whorled leaves at least at the middle nodes of the stem
distinguish this Vernonia quite clearly from any species
hitherto reported from the West Indies,

SOPHORA IN HAWAII

Otto # Isa Degener

A letter from Dr. Ronald Melville of Kew, dated January 13,
1971, regarding the present status of the endemic Sophorae of
the Hawaiian Archipelago, induced us to write the present article.

Hillebrand's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, published posthu-
mously in 1888, on page 108 describes a single endemic species of
Sophora, namely Se chrysophylla (Salisbe) Seem., for the Hawaiian
Archipelago. He locates the species on “Hawaii! Maui! Kauail" The
writers, and some other local botanists, know the genus from the Is-
lands of Oahu, Molokai and Lanai as well. Mr. Alvin Ke Chock, as a
thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science in Botany at the University of Hawaii,
published the results of his two year study of Hawaii Sophorae in
Pacific Science 10:136-158 in 1956. The Degener collection deposit=
ed at the Field Museum was mailed him in January 1954 to aid him in
his studieso

Counting such names as Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seeme, and
Sophora chrysophylla ssp. glabrata var. ovata subvar. ovata f. mauna-
keaensis Chock, the monographer recognizes as valid for the Archipel-
ago 1 species, 4 subspecies, 1] varieties, 5 subvarieties and 12
forms. We are less conservative and judge the Islands to harbor more
than one species, such as Sophora grisea Deg. & Sherff (in Sherff,
Bot. Leafl. 5:24. 1951.) and S. unifoliata (Rock) Deg. & Sherff (ibid.
Po 25), as well as one each from the Islands of Lanai and Molokai. We
believe, also, the monographer should have considered character of
legume of greater taxonomic importancee We consequently here are
changing to different taxonomic ranks:

1. SOPHORA LANAIENSIS (Chock) Deg. & Dege

Sophora chrysophylla sensu Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Isl. 189. 1913.
"A few small trees were found on Lanai just above the homestead of
the former manager of the Lanai Ranch Coe, in a small gulch all by
themselves. Whether they were planted there by human hand or by
birds cannot be ascertained, but the former may be more reasonable,
as they were not found elsewhere on Lanai."

Not Sophora chrysophylla Seem. Fl. Vit. 66. 1865. "Insulis Sand-
wich, legit A. Menzies." (Brit. Muse)

Sophora chrysophylla var. glabrata sensu Rock, Lege Pl. Hawe 123.
1920. Lanaie

Not Edwardsia chrysophylla var. glabrata A. Gray in U.S. Exple Exp.
429. 1854. (Hawaii.

Sophora chryso lila ssp, glabrata vare lanaiensis Chock in Pace Scie
10:147. 1956, Meat)
ya

12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

edn DS
me dow ki

Sophora lanaiensis (Chock) Deg. & Dege

1971 O. & I. Degener, Sophora in Hawaii 413

Symmetrically round lacy tree with many branches arising from
short erect trunk and bearing numerous long slender twigs longi-

tudinally sulcate and during first year antrorsely appressed-golden-
strigose. Leaves commonly with 7 - 10 mm. long petiole and 50 - 80
mme long rachis both deeply narrowly grooved above and golden-stri-
gose; leaflets about 13, opposite to alternate, the smallest below
and the largest above on leaf, 10 - 30 mm. long, 4 - 11 Mme wide,
oblong-oblanceolate, cuneate to minutely abruptly rounded to petio=-
lule 1 mm. long or less, broadly rounded to somewhat truncate and
emarginate with usually faint mucro at apex, golden-strigose especi-
ally beneath. Flowers up to 7 or even 9 per 5 = 10 mme long inflo-
rescence, on 10 mme long pedicels having 1 mm. long incurved boat-=
shaped subulate bract at base. Calyx 8 mm. long from base to shal-
lowly 5-dentate limb, with single 3 mm. deep sinus, strigose-pubes-
cent without, glabrous within. Corolla: standard 26 mm. long, 9 mme
wide, the ovate-elliptic limb at apex somewhat obtuse and barely re-
tuse; wings with 4 mm. long claw and 18 mm. long 5 mm. wide limb hav-
ing obliquely truncate base and somewhat rounded apex; keel petals
with claw 4 mm. long but blade 24 mm. long and 6 mme wide, connate
for 10 mm. near middle of lower margin, with acuminate apexe Sta-
mens ahout 20 mm. long, abruptly dilated at base, glabrous. Pistil
25 mme long, terete, strigose-pubescent except for thinner anterior
fifth. Legume dark brown, somewhat glossy, straight, indehiscent,
commonly 60 - 100 mm. long, with slightly curved 5 - 15 mm. long
caudate apex; sterile basal part 5 - 20 mm. long, golden-strigose;
fertile part more or less moniliform with 5 = 9 one-seeded seg-
ments 7 - 10 mm. long, 6 - 8 mm. wide, about 4 mm. thick, glabrate
to somewhat strigose-pubescent, with 2 rows of 2 = 3 mm. separated
rough 1 mm. high wings bordering narrow sides of pod, wings less
prominent between seed-bearing areas; in case no seed develops the
area remains sublineare Seeds yellowish brown, smooth, glossy,
thick, elliptic-globose, 5 - 6 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, hardly com-
pressed.

The type, deposited in the Marie C. Neal Herbarium of the Bernice
P. Rishop Museum, was collected by Rock "On the plateau leeward side,
near Koele, back of Gibson [Walter Murray Gibson, 1822-1888) Home=
stead, flowering and fruiting July 29, 1910.George Campbell Munro
(May 10, 1866 - Dec. 4, 1963), who was manager of most of the Island
of Lanai for many years and saved much of its endemic vegetation
from herbivores, wrote voluminous notes concerning Lanai plants
about 1927. From a transcription we took a few years before his
death, we find: "Sophora chrysophylla glabra, Rock. Native name ma-
mane. Not common, found most commonly on the Kaluanui bench, one
plant at Kanepuu from which a number are now growing.e™ Chock cites
a plant collected by Munro April 16, 1919, deposited in the Bishop
Museum and in NY, from Kalyanui. In a letter to us of July 25, 1957,
Mr. Munro wrote us expressly that Se chrysophylla and the vare gla-
brata grew on Lanai. In fact, regarding the latter, "Rock described
this. I did not see it." Munro collected 950 Lanai specimens of
ferns and flowering plants, which C.N. Forbes determined. A set

lh PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

went to the Bishop Museum; another to the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Ex-
periment Station; and the rarest (letter of Oct. 14, 1950) to the

"British Museum, Sydney, Australia."

Thanks to the courtesy of the Dole (Pineapple) Company which rent-
ed us a cottage, we resided in 1963-64 for about six months on Lanai
to botanize. During this lengthy stay, we discovered just mauka of
the pineapple fields presumably the last stand of Sophora lanaiensisy
beautifully rounded, bright green, lacy trees. About 75 herbarium
specimens from this colony are being widely distributed under the fol-
lowing label: "Deg. & Deg. 31,383. Almost extinct! (4 thriving,
spreading, 3m. high trees with many branches arising from low trunks
prolific seeder but not a single seedling because of thick mat of
Melinis grass; petals canary yellow; filaments whitish; anthers yel-
low; pistil greenish yellow.) Kaluanui Bench, Lanai. Decadent, dry-
ish forest with deer browse line. Jane 24, 1964." Today, with Lanai
practically a hunting preserve stocked with feral goat, axis deer,
mouflon and pronghorn, we surmise the four trees are no moree At
least voucher specimens exist to show how beautiful a creation this
species had been. The above description is based on No. 31,383,
healthy trees with 5 - 9 seeds per legume; very rarely, perhaps due
to faulty pollination, down to only one. Chock's description gives
"the pod 1 - 5 seeded".

2. SOPHORA MOLOKAIENSIS spe nove, nome nude

June 1, 1961, with Mr. Noah Pekelo, Jre, we drove to Maunahui, Mo-
lokai, and from there took a foresters’ jeep road makai eastward to
the lower edge of the rainforest. Here we discovered a rather gnarl-
ed, ugly mamane new to Science. We collected abundant material and,
Since Mr. Chock had published on the genus, turned over all our speci=
mens to him. We intended to publish jointly, after a proper drawing
had been executed. Before that could be accomplished, Mr. Chock and
family removed to the Mainland and the package of specimens lies some=
where in the Museum where, no one knowse We believe this species ex=-
tinct because, when we collected specimens from the plant in 1961 the
area, thanks to the jeep road, was being bulldozed in strips for the
planting of Pinus taeda to foster a lumber industry. Eventually, af-
ter the herbarium specimens have come to light, we shall properly pub-
lish an illustrated description.

The taxa with more or less unifoliolate leaves we prefer to alter
in name as follows:

30 SOPHORA UNIFOLTATA (Rock) Degener & Sherff, SeSe

Sophora chrysophylla vare unifoliata Rock in Haw. Bd. Commrs. Agri. &
Fore, Dive Fore, Bot. Bull. 5:44. 1919.

Edwardsia unifoliata Degener, Fl. Haw. Fam. 169c. 1932.

Sophora unifoliata Deg. & Sherff in Sherff, Bot. Leafl. 5:24. 1951.
Sophora chrysophylla ssp. unifoliata Chock in Pac. Sci. 10:155- 1956.

1971 O. & I. Degener, Sophora in Hawaii ys

This taxon, now apparently extinct, grew in the Puuwaawaa region
of Hawaiie

3a. SOPHORA UNIFOLIATA var. ELLIPTICA (Chock) Deg. & Dege

Sophora chrysophylla ssp. unifoliata vare elliptica Chock in Pac.
Scie 10:15b« ioe

This taxon, known from Degener, Bertram & Clay 19,327, was col-
lected in 1948 at Hokukano, East Mauie

3b. SOPHORA UNIFOLIATA var. KANAIOENSIS (Chock) Deg. & Dege

Sophora ae ssDe unifoliata var. kanaioensis Chock in Pac.
Scie 10:156. 1956-6

This taxon, collected by Forbes in 1920 and by Degener in 1952, is
apparently endemic to the neighboring area at Kanaio, East Mauie

So few in the Hawaiian Islands realize the scientific value of our
endemics, and ruthlessly destroy them to gain a few pounds of venison
or board feet of lumber. Our protests fall on deaf ears. Perhaps some
of our akamai legislators and citizens will heed Dr. Melville's state-
ment in his letter to us: "It appears to me that Sophora chrysophylla
is an extremely interesting example of diversification in a plant spe-
cies comparable with that of the Darwin Finches in the Galapagos, and
I think this comparison could be made use of in urging the conserva-
tion of this speciese"

416

The

PH XY) T,0.L OG LA Vol. 21,

extinct (?) Molokai Sophora collected June 1, 1961.

no. 6

MORE NEW PIPEWORTS FROM BRAZIL, A CHASTETREE FROM CEYLON, AND
NEW NAMES IN PREMNA

Harold N. Moldenke

ERIOCAULON MODESTUM var. BREVIFOLIUM Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis 1--2.5 cm. longis,
pedunculis usque ad 37 cm. longis, et bracteis involucrantibus ad
apicem valde longeque attenuatis recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves only 1--2.5 cm. long and 1-2 m. wide at the
midpoint, its peduncles 19--37 cm. long, and its involucral bracts
more attenuate at the apex.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, J. W.
Grear, Jr., R. Souza, and R. Reis dos Santos (no. 13781) on a
creek bank, at 1200 m. altitude, about 5 km. south of Cristalina,
Goids, Prazil, on March 8, 1966, and is deposited in my personal
herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey.

PAEPALANTHUS AMOENUS f. PROLIFER Moldenke, f. nov.

Haec forma a forma typica speciei capitulis foliaceo-proliferis
recedit.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav-
ing its flower—heads proliferating into mostly or only leaf-like
structures which are strictly erect, fascicled, stiff, subcoriace-
ous, brownish-olive in color, long-ciliate along the margins,
otherwise glabrous, acuminate-aristate at the apex, mostly 8--10
mm. long but usually with one much longer (1.5—2.5 cm. long) than
the rest in each head.

The type of this remarkable form was collected by Henrique Lah-
meyer de Mello Barreto (no. 291) at Acebe Mundo, in the Serra do
Curral, Municipality of Bello Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on
March 10, 1933, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the
New York Botanical Garden.

PAEPALANTHUS PHAEOCEPHALUS var. FOLIOSUS Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis caulinis arcte con-
fertis et foliis basalibus rigidis non conduplicatis recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its basal leaves stiff and not conduplicate and its cauline
leaves very numerous, closely appressed, and overlapping.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, R. Souza,
and R. Reis dos Santos (no. 11368) in wet places in cerrado, at an
altitude of 1000 m., at Chapada da Contagem, about 10 kn. east of
Brasflia, Distrito Federal, Brazil, on December 17, 1965, and is
deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. In
habit this plant greatly resembles P. applanatus Ruhl., but its
flower-heads are those of P. phasocdshatus Raht.

417

418 PHY TO.1,0:G)1s Vol. 21, no. 6

PAEPALANTHUS SUBFALCATUS var. VILLOSUS Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis brevioribus latior-
ibusque et pedunculis dense patenteque cinereo-villosis recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves shorter and broader, 7-—-9.5 cm. long and 1—1.2
cm. wide at the midpoint, and its peduncles very densely and con-
spicuously spreading-villous with grayish hair.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, S. F. de
Fonséca, R. Souza, R. Reis dos Santos, & J. Ramos (no. 28201) ina
campo in an area of campo, cerrado on outcrops, and wooded valley,
at 1200 m. altitude, about 3 km. north of Sdo Jo&o Chapada, in the
Serra do Espinhago, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on March 2, 1970, and
is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey.

SYNGONANTHUS CAULESCENS var. DOURADENSIS Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma tyoica speciei bracteis involucrantibus
stramineis latiore lanceolatis recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its involucral bracts stramineous and more broadly lanceo-
late.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, R. Souza,
and R. Reis dos Santos (no. 11753) in shallow water in an area of
campo and cerrado on the sandstone summit of Serra Dourada, at
800 m. altitude, about 20 km. southeast of Goids Velho, Goids, Bra-
zil, on January 18, 1966, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium
at the New York Botanical Garden.

SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. LATIFOLIUS Moldenke, var. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis 2 m. latis arcte
appressis recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form and from all other
described varieties of the species in having its basal leaves very
numerous, closely appressed to the ground, and uniformly about 2
mm. Wide at the midpoint.

The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, J. W.
Grear, Jr., R. Souza, and R. Reis dos Santos (no. 16395 in a gal-
lery margin, at 550 m. altitude, about 86 kn. north of Xavantina,
Mato Grosso, Brazil, on May 31, 1966, and is deposited in the
Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden.

PREMNA ODORATA f. CRENULATA Koord. & Val., f. nov.

Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum irregulari-
ter sed argute crenato-serratis recedit.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav=
ing the leaf=-blades rather irregularly but sharply crenate-serrate
from almost the base to the apex. It is described under P. tomen-
tosa Willd. in Koord. & Val., Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 7: 181 (1900)
and numerous specimens were annotated by Koorders and Valeton in the
Buitenzorg Herbarium as P. tomentosa var. crenulata and P. tomentosa
f. crenulata Koord. & Val., but I have not yet been able to deter=
mine where (if at all) they formally published either of these tri-

1971 Moldenke, More new pipeworts, etc. 419

nomials. All the twenty-one sheets of this form in the Buiten-
zorg Herbarium (and I have not found it represented in any of the
other thirty-seven herbaria in which I have examined the material
of P. odorata) seem to represent young sterile branches, so it
may well be, as Koorders & Valeton suggest, that this is merely a
javenile state of the species, although in that case it is pass-
ing strange that it should be found only in Java, Sumatra, and
Timor and never to have been observed (and collected) anywhere
else in the rather extensive range of the species from Nepal and
India east to New Guinea!

The type of the form was collected by Sijfert Hendrik Koorders
(no. 9725b) in Java, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense

at Buitenzorg.

PREMNA ODORATA var. DETERGIBILIS (C. B. Clarke) Moldenke, comb.
nov.
Premna tomentosa var. detergibilis C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.,

Fl. Brit. Ind. h: 576. 1885.

PREMNA ODORATA var. PIERREANA (Dop) Moldenke, comb. nov.
Premna tomentosa var. pierreana Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-

Chine 4: 808. 1935.

VITEX LEUCOXYLON var. ZEYLANICA Moldenke, f. nov.

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliolis minoribus 2.5——9
em. longis 1.3—-3.5 cm. latis plusminus irregulariter serratis
recedit.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaflets averaging smaller, 2.5--9 cm. long and 1.3--
3.5 cm. wide, more or less serrate with irregularly placed, of-
ten remote, appressed, antrorse teeth toward the apex or only
undate-repand, dull gray-green above in drying, the veinlet re-
ticulation usually conspicuous and obtusely subprominulent above.
Usually it is only the larger leaflets that exhibit the teeth.

The type of the variety was collected by D. Mueller—Dombois &
N. Balakrishnan (no. 68091211) in "sedge-wewa", associated with
Zyzygium sp. in temple ruins | ruins at Wilpattu National Park, Ceylon,
between Weerakuti Villu and Maduru Odai, a little ier of Hindu,
at 100 meters altitude, on September 12, 1968, and is deposited
in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. Of the
many specimens of this well-known species examined by me in
twenty-one herbaria, this is the first collection to exhibit
serrate leaves. The specimen is in fruiting condition, so in this
case probably cannot be dismissed as a seedling, sucker, or
juvenile condition,

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L. Moldenke

"ROOT DISEASES AND SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS" edited by T. A.Toussoun,
Robert V. Bega & Paul E. Nelson, v & 252 pp., illus., Univer-
sity of California Press, Berkeley, California 9720, Los
Angeles, California and London. 1970. $18.00.

The preface announces that "this volume is the product of the
Second International Symposium on Factors Determining the Behavior
of Plant Pathogens in Soil, held in London, England July 1-28,
1968, in conjunction with the First International Congress of
Plant Pathology. It is the successor to the volume 'Ecology of
Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens: Prelude to Biological Control' edited
by Kenneth F. Baker and William C. Snyder [1965], and presents new
knowledge that has accumulated in the interim as well as subject
matter not treated in the first volume."

The book is composed of Parts: I introduction surveying recent
ecological advances in soil-borne plant pathogens, II population
dynamics of soil pathogens with 8 papers, III genetical aspects of
pathogenic and saprophytic behavior in root-infecting fungi with 5
papers, IV soil moisture and aeration on fungal activity with root
diseases with 3 papers, V effect of root exudates on root infection
with 10 papers, VI & VII root diseases of forest crops and tropi-
cal plantation crops with 15 papers, and VIII crop growth responses
to soil fumigation with 7 papers.

The writing is concise, the reading is smooth, the printing is
clean. Each paper presents its own bibliography; there is a gen-
eral index.

This valuable book has much of interest to the economic botan-
ist, the mycologist, the nematologist, the plant pathologist and
the biology student.

"SYMPOSIUM ON MAJOR EVOLUTIONARY EVENTS AND THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD
OF PLANTS" arranged by H. P. Banks for the International
Botanical Congress, Seattle, Washington, 1969, pp. 317-li5h,
illus., Special issue — BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS of the Cambridge
Philosophical Society, Vol. 45, No. 3, Cambridge University
Press, London N.W. 1 & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1970. $8.00.

There are important, valuable papers on: precambrian micro-
organisms and evolutionary events prior to the origin of vascular
plants, the rise of the first land plants, the appearance of gym-
nospermous structure, heterospory and the origin of the seed habit,
and palynological evidence on early differentiation of angiosperms.
Prof. Banks gives a short introduction and an excellent summary in
succinct outline of the main highlights in the record of plants on
earth, followed by a time scale.

420

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 421

"MICROBES AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY" edited by D. E. Hughes &
A. H. Rose, x & 378 pp., illus., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, England & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1971. $16.00.

This fine book consists of a preface and 15 papers presented in
April 1971 to the 21st Symposium of the Society of General Micro-
biology at University College, London. Even with such prompt
printing there is a general index. Each paper carries its own
bibliography and together covers virtually all of the literature
in the field, even the most recent.

The following topics are effectively discussed: quantitative
and qualitative productivity, hydrocarbons as a possible future
source of single-cell protein, algae and lithotrophic bacteria as
food sources perhaps cultured on a "lawn" of filaments covered by
a thin medium film for ruminants if not for people, microbial
overproduction of food additives for flavor and preservation,
microbial disease and biological control of plant and animal pro-
ductivity, microbial activity in soils (especially around roots)
and in No fixation, and microbial production in polar regions, in

oceans and in aquatic environments.

"INTRODUCTION TO FUNGI" by John Webster, viii & 2 pp., illus.,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England & New York,
N. Y. 10022. 1970. $10.50. ‘

This is an excellent new text usable as the main guide in any
temperate climate area and as a reference book in any other cli-
mate. I4 is arranged systematically 4 la Ainsworth (1966) and
stresses field observations, morphology and recent research
yielded in the fields of physiology, ecology, genetics, cytology
and ultrastructures, and pathology. It is copiously illustrated
with excellent drawings (many from electron microscope recon-
structions) and with good photographs (but some printed too
darkly). The text is written clearly and most concisely. The
bibliography is rich. The price is really reasonable.

"THE NATURAL PHILOSOPHY OF PLANT FORM" by Agnes Arber, xiv & 2h7
pp., illus., Facsimile reprint of 1950 edition, Hafner Pub-
lishing Company, Darien, Connecticut 06820 & New York, N. Y.
10022. 1970. $9.95.

Muriel Arber, daughter of the author and the one to whom the
book was originally dedicated, has added to this issue an accumu-
lated list of errata and a second preface.

In this book, long out of print, the author has "made a tenta-
tive and provisional attempt to review the relations of parts in
the flowering plants in the light of those more universal, and
also more stringent, modes of thought, which are characteristic
of philosophy rather than biology." The eleven chapters cover:
the meaning and content of plant morphology from the schools of
Aristotle, Albertus Magnus, Andrea Cesalpino, Joachim Jung,
Goethe, and de Candolle through the author's concept of organiza-

422 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

tion type with special emphasis on the partial-shoot theory of the
leaf.

This work is thoughtfully developed, well documented, classi-
cal and of historical value. I wonder how many copies will sell
today?

"FLORA NEOTROPICA, MONOGRAPH No. 7, BRUNELLIACEAE" by José Cuat-
recasas, 189 pp., illus., Hafner Publishing Co., Darien,
Connecticut 06820 & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1970.

This is a complete taxonomic revision of 51 species of this fan-
ily by the capable botanist—author who has been studying the group
for many years especially in the Andean forests of Colombia and
from world-wide herbarium collections. The single-genus family
shows by anatomical data its affinity with the Rosales. The evo-
lutionary discussions are very interesting. The drawings and
photos are excellent. Carefully constructed keys are given.

Dr. Eyde contributed the chapter on anatomy and Dr. Marticorena
the one on palynology.

"FLORA NEOTROPICA, MONOGRAPH Nos. 3, ib, 5 OMPHALINAE, PHAEOCOLLYB-
IA & STROBILOMYCETACEAE" (all Basidiomycetes) by Rolf Singer,
84, 13 & 35 pp., illus., Hafner Publishing Co., Darien, Con-
necticut 06820 & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1970. $11.95.

These are detailed taxonomic studies of the subtribe, genus and
family of the basidiomycetes that have occupied the author's at-
tention for many years in both wide range field and herbarium
studies. This work is highly valuable scientifically, but its
price is inexcusably high for a paper-back issue of less than 150
pages.

A nice feature of the publication is the inclusion on the last
page of a photograph and brief résumé of the author.

"BRISTLECONE PINE IN THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF CALIFORNIA: GROWTH AND
RING-WIDTH CHARACTERISTICS" by Harold C. Fritts, viii & hh pp.,
illus., University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona 85700.

1969. $4.50.

This is Number l; of the Papers of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring
Research. The Pinus aristata Engelm. (misspelled in the preface)
population on the dry upper slopes of these mountains in east-
central California has some individuals whose age exceeds ),000
years and whose green needles may be retained by branches for
oeriods up to 30 years!

"The various tree-ring chronologies in all stands of the White
Mountains are highly correlated with each other, especially in
years of minimum growth. The statistical characteristics of tree-
ring chronologies are a function of environmental modifications
caused primarily by topographic variation, secondly by altitude
difference, and thirdly by substrate conditions of each site. Ring-

1971 Moldenke, Book reviews 23

width chronologies from the trees on exposed, low elevation, and
rocky dolomitic sites are most variable.....and contain the most
information about variations in climate....If the chronologies are
developed from climatically 'sensitive' arid-site trees and appro-
priately dated, they can provide an accurate, extremely long and
reliable record of moisture and temperature as it has varied in
the past."

A carefully executed, well documented, interesting study!

"THE GROWING TREE" by B. F. Wilson, iv & 152 pp., illus., Univer-
sity of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002.

1970. $6 250.

"This book is intended for people, from the intelligent owner or
observer of trees to the professional student of trees, who are in-
terested in the basic processes of tree growth,....the culmination
of more than ten years' work with growing trees". It discusses
the general aspects of the growth process, form and elongation and
dormancy of branches and roots, apical dominance and lateral forma-
tion and its orientation, the process and regulation of cambial
activity, distribution of photosynthate and thickening problems,
and finally the nutritive, correlative and competitive interactions
of branches, roots and cambium to produce the growth of the whole
tree.

This is a very neat, attractive, excellent piece of botany,
writing and printing. It is provided with several flow charts,
model diagrams and an interestingly annotated bibliography.

"GENETIC RESOURCES IN PLANTS -——- Their Exploration and Conservation"
edited by O. H. Frankel & E. Bennett, xxi & 55h pp., illus.,
F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. 1970.
$17.50
vv 7 .

This is the eleventh of 15 already published International Bio-—
logical Programme Handbooks planned primarily so that participa-
ting biologists will be guided in both their studies and their
writings with common philosophies, goals, techniques and means of
interpretation, and so that these recorded results,.etc., "will
be useful all over the world to biologists [on all levels — stu-
dent, interested reader, instructors, researchers —] for many
years to come". The book indicates safely that all are excellent
and highly valuable in this whole series.

The importance of this work is not by any means exaggerated in
this excerpt from the foreword: "the loss or destruction of the
world's genetic resources by short-sighted or ill-—directed plan-
ning is something so wasteful that its consequences can be disas-
trous both for world food production and for man himself." There
are a preface, 5 papers, an appendix describing the work of
Vavilov All-Union Institute of Plant Industry in Leningrad, a
full name index and a skimpy subject index. The papers deal with
biological background, tactics of exploration and collection
with examples, evaluation and utilization, documentation and re-

2h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 6

trieval, and conservation of gene resources in seeds, pollen and.
asexual parts vested in a United Nations agency.

"MAN'S IMPACT ON THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: Assessment and Recommen-
dations for Action" edited by Carroll L. Wilson & William H.
Matthews, xii & 319 pp., illus., Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 0212 & London,
England. 1970. $2.95 paper-back; hard cover also available.

Preparatory to the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment, the Steering Committee, whose director and assistant
director are the editors from the sponsoring M.I.T., planned a
Study of Critical Environmental Problems (SCEP) for July 1970 at
Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts. The month-long
conference of several scientists and professionals will be record=
ed soon in detailed bound volumes and is presented in this report
as a distillation of the major findings with recommendations and
as résumés of the work groups on: climatic effects, ecological ef=
fects, monitoring, implications of change, industrial pollutants,
domestic and agricultural wastes, and energy products.

Careful reading will achieve the major objective of SCEP which
is desperately needed "to raise the level of informed public and
scientific discussion and action on global environmental prob-
lems......Most corrective action will probably have to be taken
at the national, regional, and local levels. In research and
monitoring programs, however, the potential for international
cooperation is high."

The valuable papers indicate what is known and what is needed
to be known, and they are documented with bibliography and covered
in a general index.

“PATHOGENIC ROOT-INFECTING FUNGI" by S. D. Garrett, xi & 29) pp.,
illus., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England &
New York, N. Y. 10022. 1970. $12.50.

Rather than a new edition of the author's fine "Biology of
Root—infecting Fungi" of 1956, this is an excellent whole new
text about these organisms that constitute a substantial and
omnipresent threat to all of our crop plants. Obviously, it
will be needed by student, teaching and professional mycolo-
gists and plant pathologists, but it has a wider appeal for its
"world is that of the living soil, which is the mother of all
terrestrial plant life and therefore of direct concern to every
human being and of interest to every biologist."

After an interesting introduction, the book treats unspecial-
ized parasites in seedlings and older plants, then specialized
ones in vascular wilts and ectrotrophs, saprophytic colonization
of substrates and host tissues, dormancy, and root disease con-
trol.

There are a good bibliography and an index, as well as rela-
tively few excellent illustrations.

PARMELIA PERMACULATA, A NEW LICHEN FROM ALABAMA AND MEXICO

Mason E. Hale, Jr.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

In my monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (Hale, 1965)
I identified a series of specimens from Alabama and Mexico as P.
reparata Stirton, a species first described from Australia. The
identifications were tentative since the type was in poor condi-
tion. Now that I have recently seen other specimens from Austra-
lia, I am convinced that the American material is different and
represents a new species since it has a broad zone free of rhi-
zines along the margin below, whereas P. reparata consistently has
dense rhizines to the margin and may actually be related to the
widespread P. cetrata Ach.

PARMELIA PERMACULATA Hale, sp. nov.

Thallus laxe adnatus, expansus, coriaceus, usque ad 20 cm
diametro, albocinereus, lobis rotundatis, usque ad 1.5 cm latis,
margine ciliatis, ciliis 1.2-2.5 mm longis, superne planus, niti-
dus, valde albomaculatus, aetate rimosus, sorediis isidiisque de-
stitutis, subtus niger, rhizinosus centrum versus, margine nudus,
castaneus. Apothecia numerosa, usque ad 20 cm diametro, amphithe-
cio rugoso, albomaculato, disco perforato, sporis 6-7X13-1l6p.

Holotype: On deciduous trees, open pasture, 9 km east Jalapa
along hwy. 140, Veracruz, Mexico, M. E. Hale 19406, 13 March 1960
(US; isotypes in S, TNS, UPS).

Distribution: Alabama, Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas, Nayarit).
For specimens examined see those listed under P. reparata in Hale
(1965), p. 338.

This conspicuous Amphigymnia species (see photograph, Fig. 39
in Hale, 1965) is most common in Veracruz at an elevation of 1000-
1400 m. The nearest relative is fatiscent-sorediate P. coralli-
fera Hale, a Mexican endemic. Both species contain atranorin
and salazinic acid.

425

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XXXVII
Harold N. Moldenke

ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl.

Additional & emended bibliography: Harv., Gen. S. Afr. Pl., ed.
2, 411. 1868; Nakai, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 139-10. 1911; Harsh-
berger, Veg. N. J. Pine Barrens, pr. 1, 5, 121, 122, 139, 145,
146, 148, 149, 182, 184, 190, 191, 200, 215, 253, 307, & 32h. 1916;
Hooper, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 6: 59. 1929; R. S. Lamotte,
Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 51: [Cat. Cenoz. Pl. N. Am.] 157 & 369. 1952;
Anon., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Index Vols. 1—75, p. 71. 1955;
Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 953. 1966; J. A.
Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1 (3/h): 12, 15, 19, 22, hO, M1, 47,
50, 69, 72, 78, 87, 89, 91, 9h, 98, 122, 135, 148, 155, 181, 195,
208, 222—223, 238, & 2h6—-2h7. 1966; Lasser, Act. Bot. Venez. ):
35. 1969; Van der Schijff, Check List Vasc. Pl. Kruger Natl. Park
20 & 36. 1969; Harshberger, Veg. N. J. Pine Barrens, pr. 2, 5, 121,
122, 139, 145, 146, 148, 149, 182, 18h, 190, 191, 200, 215, 253,
307, & 324. 1970; Domville & Dunbar, John Burroughs Nat. Hist. Soc.
Bull. 8: 32. 1970; J. Muller, Biol. Rev. 5: 42h. 1970; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 267--278. 1971; Koyama in E. H. Walker, Journ. Jap.
Bot. 46: 67. 1971.

BLASTOCAULON PROSTRATUM (Korn.) Ruhl.
, Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 30, 22, &
23. 1970.

Irwin and his associates describe this plant as a delicate
herb to 7 cm. tall, with white flower—heads, and found it growing
in wet crevices on a cliff-face in an area of cerrado and low
forests among sandstone outcrops in summit gray sandy soil, at an
altitude of 1200 meters, flowering in March.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Fonséca,
Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 27099 (Rf).

CARPTOTEPALA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1
(3/4): 181. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 268. 1971.

CARPTOTEPALA JENMANI (Gleason) Moldenke

Additional bibliography: J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1
(3/4): 181. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 268. 1971.

Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Hertel & Oberwinkler
15302 (Mu). =.

ERIOCAULON Gron,.

Additional & emended bibliography: Harv., Gen. S. Afr. Pl., ed.
2, 411. 1868; Nakai, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 139--1)0. 1911; Harsh-
berger, Veg. N. J. Pine Barrens, pr. 1, 5, 121, 122, 139, 145,
1:6, 148, 149, 190, 191, 200, “is, 253, 307, & 32h. 1916; Hooper,

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 427

Gard, Bull. Straits Settl. 6: 59. 1929; R. S. Lamotte, Geol. Soc.
Am. Mem, 51: [Cat. Cenoz. Pl. N. Am.) 157 & 369. 1952; Burkill,
Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 953. 1966; J. A. Steyerm., Act.
Bot. Venez. 1 (3/4): 15, 19, & 195. 1966; Harshberger, Veg. N. J.
Pine Barrens, pr. 2, 5, 121, 122, 139, iis, 146, 148, 149, 190,
191, 200, 215, 253, 307, & 32h. 1970; Domville & Dunbar, John
Burroughs Nat. Hist. Soc. Bull. 8: 32. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia
as 268--273. 1971; Koyama in E. H. Walker, Journ. Jap. Bot. 6:
7. 1971.

ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst.

Additional bibliography: Van der Schijff, Check List Vasc. Pl.
Kruger Natl. Park 36. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 6. 1970;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 11903. 1970.

Van der Schijff (1969) found this plant growing in moist
places and cites Van der Schijff 28h.

ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R. Br.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 271. 1971.
Cook & Gut found this plant growing in paddy-fields and "very
common on banks of very old large tank with permanent water,
along with Glossostigma sp., the leaves submerged, flowering as
it becomes exposed to air", fruiting in October and November.
Additional citations: INDIA: Kerala: Cook & Gut 221 (Ac).
Rajasthan: Cook & Gut 61 (Rf). Aas? Soya,

ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam.

Additional bibliography: Harshberger, Veg. N. J. Pine Barrens,
pr. 1, 139, 149, 191, & 200 (1916) and pr. 2, 139, 149, 191, &
200. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 272. 1971.

Harshberger (1916) reports that in New Jersey this plant flow-
ers in the "second half of May and June",

ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L.

Additional bibliography: Harshberger, Veg. N. J. Pine Barrens,
pr. 1, 121, 122, 139, 148, 149, 190, 191, 200, & 215 (1916) and
pr. 2, 121, 122, 139, 148, 149, 190, 191, 200, & 215. 1970; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 270 & 272. 1971.

Harshberger (1916) reports that in New Jersey the species grows
in cedar swamps in small circular pools of water with Castalia
odorata, Rhynchospora alba, Sarracenia purpurea, etc., and flowers
and fruits from July 15 to October 5.

ERIOCAULON DICTYOPHYLLUM Korn.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 05. 1970.

Irwin and his associates state that the inflorescences of this
plant attain a height of 30 cm. and that the flower—heads are
gray when fresh. They found it growing on a periodically flooded
river island.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Irwin, Souza, Grear,
& Reis dos Santos 16797 (Ac).

428 PAY T.0L:0.8 LA Vol. 15, no. 6

ERIOCAULON FENESTRATUM Bojer
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 07. 1970.
Bogner collected this species at 1200 meters altitude, flower-
ing and fruiting in November.
Additional citations: MADAGASCAR: Bogner 349 (Mu).

ERIOCAULON GIBBOSUM Korn.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 273. 1971.

Irwin and his associates describe this plant as producing in-
florescences to 15 cm. tall, the flower-heads grayish, and found
it growing in a wet campo between gallery forest and cerrado, at
550 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in June.

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: irwin, Grear, Souza,
& Reis dos Santos 1617 (N).
ERIOCAULON HETEROLEPIS Steud.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 10. 1970.

The Stocks, Law, &c. s.n., cited below, was originally cited by
me as E. dianae var. longibracteatum Fyson, apparently in error.
The collection was distributed in herbaria under the names E. roux-
ianum Steud., E, minimum Lam., and E. xeranthemum Mart., but
Schultes notes on the label "Certe non est E. xeranthemum Mart."

Additional citations: INDIA: Kerala: Stocks, Law, &c. s.n.
(Malabar, Concan, &c.] (Mu--262).

ERIOCAULON HUMBOLDTII Kunth
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 273. 1971.
This plant has been collected at altitudes of 500—800 meters.
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Hertel & Oberwinkler
15349 (Mu).

ERIOCAULON HUMILE Moldenke

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 11. 1970.

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in the more or
less permanently moist zone at the base of a waterfall, flowering
in November. Material has been misidentified and distributed in
herbaria as E, minutum Hook.

Additional citations: INDIA: Mysore: Cook & Gut 187 (Ac).

ERIOCAULON LANCEOLATUM Miq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13. 1970.
Cook & Gut found this species growing on wet rocks, flowering
and fruiting in November.
Additional citations: INDIA: Kerala: Cook & Gut 232 (Z).

ERIOCAULON LEPTOPHYLLUM Kunth
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 13. 1970.
Irwin and his associates describe this plant as producing in-
florescences to 15 cm. tall and found it growing in running water
on red clay on a wet campo, at 1000 m. altitude, flowering in
January.

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 429

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Onishi,
Fons6ca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 25641 (RE).

ERIOCAULON LUTCHUENSE Koidz.
This taxon now is known as E. miqueliamm var. lutchuense
(Koidz.) Koyama,

ERIOCAULON LUZULAEFOLIUK Mart.
Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon luzulaeifolium Mart., in herb.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 275. 1971.
The Cook & Gut 171, distributed as E. luzulaefolium, is actu-

ally E. ~ quinquangulare L.

ERIOCAULON MINUTUM Hook. f.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 37 (1970)
and 20: 28, 1970.

The Cook & Gut 187, distributed as E. minutum, is actually E.

humile Moldenke.

ERIOCAULON MIQUELIANUM Korn.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 278. 1971;
Koyama in E. H. Walker, Journ. Jap. Bot. 6: 67. 1971.

ERIOCAULON MIQUELIANUM var. LUTCHUENSE (Koidz.) Koyama
Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon lutchuense Koidz., Bot. Mag.
Tokyo 28: 171. 191.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 275 & 29.
1971; Koyama in E. H. Walker, Journ. * Jap. Bot. 46: 67. 1971.

ERIOCAULON MODESTUM Kunth
Additional bibliography: Malme, Bih. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
27 (3), no. 11: 32-33. 1901; lioldenke, Phytologia 20: 15. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MODESTUM var. BREVIFOLIUM Moldenke

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 17. 1971.

Irwin and his associates have found this plant growing local-
ly common in wet places in cerrado or locally frequent on wet
campos on rocky hillsides, at altitudes of 1100 to 1250 m., flow-
ering in January and March. They describe the plant as a rosette
herb, the "solitary" inflorescences to 0 cm. tall, light-gray in
color.

Citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Irwin, Souza, & Reis dos
Santos 11677 (Rf). Goids: Irwin, Grear, “Souza, & Reis dos S: Santos

I3L98 (Ke), 13781 (Z—type).

ERIOCAULON MOLINAE L. O. Williams
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.13: 510. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 81 & 101. 1969.

ERIOCAULON MONOCOCCOS Nakai
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1. 1949; Koy-

4,30 Pobc¥ TsO ybyO Galph Vol. 21, noe 6

ama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 269. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 81.
1969.

ERIOCAULON MONTANUM Van Royen

Additional bibliography: K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33.
1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 09. 1970; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 1h: 5h. 1970.

ERIOCAULON MUTATUM N. E. Br.

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 143.
1949; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 67: *88--90. 1957;
Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 82 (1969) and 19: 457 & 458. 1970.

ERIOCAULON NAKASIMANUM Satake

Synonymy: Eriocaulon atrum var. nakasimanum (Satake) Koyama in
Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: lyk. 199;
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 321—
322 (1929) and 20: 27 & 248. 1970.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular "tsukushi-kuro-inu-no-
hige" and says that the taxon differs from E. atrum Nakai only in
“the glabrous receptacle, not blackish involucre, and quite glab-
rous petals",

ERIOCAULON NANELLUM Ohwi

Synonymy: Eriocaulon nanellum var. nanellum Koyama in Ohwi, Fl.
Jap. 270. 1965.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1h. 199;
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 266 & 270. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 19:

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant "miyama-hina-hoshi-
kusa" and affirms that the species is known only from the high
mountains of the northern districts of Honshu island. The E. nan-
ellum var. nosoriense (Ohwi) Ohwi & Koyama is discussed by me under
E. nosoriense Ohwi, which see.

ERIOCAULON NANELLUM var. ALBESCENS Satake
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1. 1949; Koy-
ama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 323. 1969.
Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant "shirobana-miyama-
hina-hoshi-kusa" and tells us that the plant differs from the typ—
ical form of the species in having the flower "Heads greenish, not
blackish; pistillate calyces also greenish".

ERIOCAULON NANELLUM var. FILAMENTOSUM (Satake) Satake

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: ly. 1949; Koy—
ane in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 323--32h.
1969.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant "ito-hoshi-kusa",
says that the taxon is found only in the northern districts of Hon-
shu island, and that it differs from the typical form of the species

1971 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 431

in having the "Staminate calyces deeply 3-fid, otherwise with the
characters of the typical phase."

ERIOCAULON NEESIANUM Korn.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn., Linnaea 27: 585 &
628—630. 1856; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3° (1): 285. 1863; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 19: 348 & 6h. 1970.

ERIOCAULON NEGLECTUM Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 15. 1970.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach & Guima~
res 2188 (N). at aie

ERIOCAULON NEO-CALEDONICUM Schlecht.

Additional bibliography: Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat.
Monocot. 3: 172, 173, & 189. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 09.
1970.

Additional citations: NEW CALEDONIA: Hurlimann 1498 (N).

ERIOCAULON NIGERICUM Meikle

Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle & Baldwin, Am. Journ.
Bot. 39: y—l6 & 50, fig. 1—8. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia 18:
39. 1969.

ERIOCAULON NIGRUM H. Lecomte

Additional bibliography: Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat.
Monocot. 3: 18) & 186. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 83 (1969)
and 19: 453. 1970.

ERIOCAULON NILAGIRENSE Steud.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 15—~16. 1970.

Koyama found this species to be locally abundant in swampy de-
pressions in wet black Patana grasslands along streams with
grasses at 7200 feet altitude and along the wet edges of narrow
strears mixed with Fimbristylis monticola and Carex arnottiana.
Kingdon-Ward tells us that it is the "largest species of the genus
locally in bogs in the forests where the Adiantum fern grows" —
the fern being represented by Kingdon-Ward 18663. He states that
the pipewort plants are 18—-20 inches tall. Fecent collectors
have found the species in flower and fruit in March, May, and July.

Additional citations: INDIA: Khasi States: Kingdon-Ward 18665
(N). CEYLON: Koyama 13521 (N), 13642 (N). “2

ERIOCAULON NIPPONICUM Maxim,

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 375 & 376
(1947), 2: 49h (1948), and 3: 143 & kb. 19493 Koyama in Ohwi, Fl.
Jap. 265 & 266. 1965; "Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot.
3: 186 & 191. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 33) & 348. 1970.

Koyama (1965) records the * vernacular variant "ito-inu-no-hige"
and states that the plant is "quite common" in wet places in the
lowlands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Korea, and China.

432 PLT TOL ee ra Vol. 21, no. 6

Murata found it growing at 300 meters altitude.
Additional citations: JAPAN: Honshu: Murata 15306 (W—2),09658).

ERIOCAULON NOSORIENSE Ohwi

Synonymy: Eriocaulon nanellum var. nosoriense (Ohwi) Ohwi &
Koyama ex Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1h). 199;
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 270. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 357 &
363. 1969.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular variant "nosori—hoshi-
kusa" for this plant and says that the taxon differs from E. na-
nellum Ohwi only in having the "Pistillate flowers with irregular
deeply 3-fid calyces ciliolate on margin, the petals sparsely pi-
lose inside",

ERIOCAULON NOVOGUINEENSE Van Royen

Additional bibliography: K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33.
1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 349. 1970; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 1h: 54. 1970.

ERIOCAULON NUDICUSPE Maxim.

- Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 1h. 199;
Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 266 & 268. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia
19: 349. 1970.

Koyama (1965) records the vernacular names "konpeit®-s6" and
"shiratama-hoshi-kusa" for this plant and describes it as being
"locally abundant" in wet places around springs in low hills on
Honshu island,

ERIOCAULON OFFICINALE Korn.

Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon officinalis Korn. in Mart., Fl.
Bras. 3 (1): 508, sphalm, 1863.

Additional & emended bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras.
3 (1): 288, 475, 480, & 508. 1863; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 39.
1970.

ERIOCAULON OLIVACEUM Moldenke

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 320,
351, & 355. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 186. 196; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 18: 361. 1969.

ERIOCAULON OMURANUM Koyama

Bibliography: Koyama in Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 266 & 267. 1965.

Koyama (1965) reports the vernacular name "shinano-inu-no-hige"
for this species and avers that the plant is known thus far only
from the type locality, Lake Shirakaba, in Shinano Province, Hon-
shu, Japan.

ERIOCAULON OREADUM Van Royen

Additional bibliography: K. U. Kramer, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 33.
1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 67 & 84—85. 1969; G. Taylor, In.
Kew. Suppl. 1): 5. 1970. [to be continued]

Loi

> PHYTOLOGIA

Designed to expedite botanical publication

CONTENTS

DRESSLER, R. L., & POLLARD, G. E., Nomenclatural notes on the

RON oR al ei Cre AS kaye iptt gf bvo gh ints Shae Aa Os 433
DRESSLER, R. L., Nomenclatural notes on the Orchidaceae-V...... 440
MCLDENKE, H. N., Additional materials toward a monograph of

ON BG eo 6 1) Se ope eee eae T en a 444
EE a Oe PE DIUON nase! a kas we kon bye Re os bce. boas 501
auex to authors in Volume Twenty-one... 0c ee cee 502
Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Twenty-one ....... 503
Publication dates of Volume Twenty-one ............00 eee eeees 512

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.

Price of this number, $1; per volume, $7.50, in advance,
or $8, at close of volume =

cr 7
ai

AUG 2 197]

BRIir"._asy ts re rE

NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE ORCHIDACEAE - IV
Robert L. Dressler and Glenn E. Pollard

The authors have had a special interest in the
genus Encyclia for several years, and we hope to
publish an illustrated revision of the Mexican
species in the near future. We herewith validate the
necessary new combinations and new taxa, to make
these names available for use in anatomical and other
studies which may antedate the revision. In the
present note we will give synonyms other than the
basionym only in cases of special interest.

The distinctions between Encyclia and See
have been discussed by Dressler (lett tonie : -
266. 1961). We have treated the two major groups
within Encyclia as sections, but we will now treat
them as Stersecn to facilitate the delineation of
distinctive subgroups within each. These subgenera
are compared in the accompanying table. While these
groups differ in several tendencies, none of these
gives a really sharp separation. The shape of the
column is the most constant feature and it is easily
seen, but there are a few species which do not conform
well, even in this feature. Thus, we feel that these
two groups are best classified as subgenera of a single
genus.

1. ENCYCLIA subgenus OSMOPHYTUM (Lindley) comb. nov.
- Epidendrum subgenus Osmo tum Lindley, Hook.
Journ. Bot. 4: 81. 1841. e: Epidendrum

fragrans Sw.
Lindley first named this group as a section, in
1839 (Bot. Reg. 25: misc. p. 85), but in other places
he used "section," "subgenus" and "division" quite
interchangeably. We cannot now explain (or justify)

Dressler's modification of Osmophytum to "Osmophyta"
(Brittonia 13: 261. 1961).

la. ENCYCLIA section OSMOPHYTUM
This section includes most members of the sub-
genus and is quite diverse in some features, but all
the extremes are connected by intermediate species.

1b. ENCYCLIA section HORMIDIUM (Lindley) comb. et
stat. nov. —- Epidendrum subgenus Hormidium
Lindley, Hook. Journ. t. 3: 81. Ia.
Type: Epidendrum uniflorum Lindley (= Encyclia

triptera).
This sma group includes E. gramme toglossa, E.

rhynchophora, E. triptera and poss y one or two
433

43h

Subgenus Encyclia

Mid-tooth of column short,
usually broadly deltoid,
separated from the lateral
teeth by broad, shallow
sinuses, closely appressed
to the anther, not covered
by a fleshy, knob-like
appendage

Capsule not sharply
Z-angled or 3-winged
Flower and plant tissues
without large crystals

Column often winged

Callus usually 2 fleshy
ridges with an elliptic or
boat-shaped depression in
the middle

Inflorescence usually
without a prominent spathe

Pseudobulbs usually ovoid
or conic-ovoid, rarely
flattened

Leaves thick and leathery

PHY TOLOG 12

Vol. 21, no. 7

Subgenus Osmophytum

Mid-tooth of column
("ligule") narrowly
deltoid, ligulate or
subflabellate, not closely
appressed to the anther,
usually more or less
covered by a fleshy,
knob-like appendage,
which is obtuse or
truncate and separated
from the lateral teeth by
deep and usually acute
sinuses

Capsule usually sharply
3Z-angled or 3-winged

Flower and plant tissues
usually filled with large
crystals

Column never winged

Callus usually a thickened
pad

Inflorescence often with
a prominent spathe

Pseudobulbs often some-—
what flattened

Leaves thinner

A comparison of the subgenera Encyclia and Osmophytum

other species of South America; it may be distinguished
by the very long apical appendage ("mid-tooth") of the
column, the broad, rounded lateral lobes of the lip and
the small, acute or acuminate mid-lobe. Hormidium has
been treated as a distinct genus at times, but never
very clearly delimited. Until very recently, at least,
this name was used only for E. triptera and its

several synonyms and for several species of true
eprcendrum which have no close relationship with E.

i

iptera.

le. ENCYCLIA section EUCHILE, sect. nov. - Caulis
pseudobulbosus, ovoideus; labellum magnum, subintegrum;
columna clavata, apice trilobulata. Type: Epidendrum
mariae Ames.

1971 Dressler & Pollard, Nomenclatural notes 435

This section includes only the type and the
closely allied E. citrina. These species agree with
the other speciés of subgenus Osmophytum in the fleshy
appendage ("mid-tooth") at the apex of the column, but
are otherwise somewhat anomalous in all their features.

2. ENCYCLIA subgenus ENCYCLIA
Type: Encyclia viridiflora Hooker

2a. ENCYCLIA section ENCYCLIA
This section corresponds to the genus Encyclia as
it has been used by many authors. Species ee as E.
bractescens, E. kienastii and especially E. micro-
bulbon show strong relationships with section Lepto-
um.

2b. ENCYCLIA section BRACHYCOLUMNA (L. Wms.) comb.
nov. — Epidendrum section Brachycolumna L. Wms.,
Amer. Orc oc. Ball.,.10: as 1942.

Type: idendrum brachyco fume L. Wms.
This section includes only e type, an unusual
and probably primitive species with eight rather than

four pollinia. It is most closely related to the
members of the following section.

2c. ENCYCLIA section LEPTOPHYLLUM, sect. nov. -
Caulis pseudobulbosus, subsphaericus; folia lineares;
labellum integrum, subadnatum, papillosum vel striatum;
columna brevis, lobuli laterales longiores, aliiformes.
Type: idendrum tenuissimum Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf.

8 rather uniform little group includes E.
cyanocolumna, E. distantiflora, E. luteorosea, E.
subula Olia and E. tenuissima. ASide from their very
Narrow leaves, most of them are vegetatively like the
members of section Encyclia in miniature. The column,
too, resembles that of section Encyclia, but the
lateral teeth or lobes are large and somewhat wing-like
(extended apically, not laterally as are the true
column-wings in many species of section Encyclia).

2d. ENCYCLIA section DINEMA (Lindley) comb. et stat.
nov. -— Dinema Lindley, Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl.

111. 1831.” Type: Epidendrum polybulbon Sw.
This section includes only @ type species, which
vegetatively resembles subgenus ns Lepvonhy but florally
is most closely allied to sections Lepto llum and
Encyclia. This, as with the other sections here named,
its comfortably in our broader concept of Encyclia,

but it would be a misfit in any more narrowly
delineated genus (unless monotypic).

436 Pe? OL Ue i's Vol. 21, no. 7
NEW COMBINATIONS IN ENCYCLIA
ENCYCLIA ADENOCARPON meg el TRACHYCARPA (Lindley)

comb. et stat. nov. pescendeut poe BS
Lindley, Bentham Bot. oyage Sulph.

ENCYCLIA ALATA subsp. PARVIFLORA (Regel) comb. et
stat. nov. — Epidendrum alatum [var.] parviflorum
Regel, Ann. set. Nat. IV, 6: 574. is

Epidendrum belizense of Withner, Orchid Digest 34:
—54. 1970, not of Reichenbach
We have not seen material of the type collection,

but Regel's description agrees very well with this
otherwise unnamed subspecies.

ENCYCLIA ALATA subsp. VIRELLA, nom. et stat. nov.,
based on Epidendrum belizense Reichb. f., Linnaea
41: 78. B76
Epagendrua virens Lindley & Paxt., Paxton's Flower
Gard. 1850 [not E. virens Hoffmgg. 1842].
Epidendrum alatum [var.] viridiflorum Regel, Ann.
Sci. Nat. IV, 6: 374. 1856 [not Encyclia

yeti tora Hooker].

a oe idendrum guatemalense of Withner, Orchid Digest
1970, not of Klotzsch.
we ave based this subspecies on idendrum

belizense Reichb. f., because a type specimen is
known to exist, but we fear that the epithet belizense
would now be a source of confusion, because of its
recent use for the preceding subspecies.

ENCYCLIA BACULUS (Reichb. f.) comb. nov. - idendrum
Baculus Reichb. f., Bonplandia 4: 214.
Epidendrum pentotis Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 81. 1876.

ENCYCLIA BICAMERATA (Reichb. f.) comb. nov. -
SS bicameratum Reichb. f., Gard. Chron.

ENCYCLIA BOOTHIANA subsp. FAVORIS (Reichb. f.) comb. et
stat. nov. - peigendrs favoris Reichb. f., Gard.
Chron. n. 8s. 2: ° 7G.

ENCYCLIA BRACHIATA (Rich. & Gal.) comb. nov. -
Epidendrum brachiatum Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci. Nat.
i a F Prem F239

ENCYCLIA CHACAOENSIS (Reichb. f.) comb. nov. -
Epidendrum chacaoense Reichb. f., Bonplandia 2: 20.

ENCYCLIA CHONDYLOBULBON (Rich. & Gal.) comb. nov. -

Epidensrus chondylobulbon Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci.
ate o.. ae e °

ENCYCLIA DIOTA subsp. ATRORUBENS (Rolfe) comb. et stat.
nov. - Epidendrum atrorubens Rolfe, Kew Bull. 1896:
46.

1971 Dressler & Pollard, Nomenclatural notes 4,37

ENCYCLIA DISTANTIFLORA (Rich. & Gal.) comb. nov. -
Epecesgrua distantiflorum Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci.
at. > 3B: LO 1545

ENCYCLIA GLAUCA (Knowles & Westc.) comb. nov. -
se ot Me Knowles & — Floral Cab.
ithecia me Knowles & Westc.,

ore "Cab. ot ag Epidenérum
(Knowles & Westc. ) Boe eg. 26:

gpaucun
ppisendrum glevcovir gr Hubb. & Schweinf.,
Se. Lea

idendrum limbatum meee "aot: Reg. 29: misc. p.
69. 1643 - Encyclia limbata (Lindley) Dressler,

Brittonia 13: oe =

ENCYCLIA GUATEMALENSIS (Klotzsch) comb. nov. -
Epidendrum atemalense Klotzsch, Allg. Garten-
ze

ung : ° °
Epidendrum dickinsonianum Withner, Orchid Digest 34:
. le)

ENCYCLIA HASTATA (Lindley) comb. nov. - pcre
hastatum Lindley, Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: . .

ENCYCLIA KIENASTII (Reichb. f.) comb. nov. -
epidendrum kienastii Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. III,
$ . 8877

ENCYCLIA LANCIFOLIA (Lindley) comb. nov. - Epidendrum
lancifolium Pavon ex Lindley, Gen. & Sp. ° °

ENCYCLIA LUTEOROSEA (Rich. & Gal.) comb. nov. -
qepaendrum luteo-roseum Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci.
a . , 3: 19 1845

ENCYCLIA NEUROSA (Ames) comb. nov. - idendrum
neurosum Ames, Sched. Orch. 1: 17. T1922.

ENCYCLIA X PERPLEXA (Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf.) comb. et
stat. nov. - idendrum oncidioides var. perplexum
Ames, Hubb. & Schwe 7, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 108.

1

This aptly named plant proves to be perfectly
intermediate between E. bractescens and E. candollei.
We are confident that it 1S a natural hybrid of these

species.

ENCYCLIA POLLARDIANA (Withner) comb. nov. - Epidendrum
pollardianum Withner, Orchid Digest 34: Ti7- 1970.

ENCYCLIA X PROFUSA (Rolfe) comb. et stat. nov. -
idendrum profusum Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 140: t. 8551.

Study of a flower from the type shows this to be
another natural hybrid: Encyclia ambigua X ceratistes.

4,38 PHYITOLUG Fa Vol. 21, no. 7

ENCYCLIA TRIPTERA (Brongn.) comb. nov. -— Coelogyne
triptera Brongn., Dup. Voy. Coq. Phan. ce

Brieger and Hunt have shown that this epithet

antedates Epidendrum pygmaeum Hooker (Taxon 18: 601.
1969). The epithet tripterum is preoccupied in

Epidendrunm.

ENCYCLIA VAGANS (Ames) comb. nov. - Epidendrum vagans
Ames, Sched. Orch. 6: 76. 1923.

ENCYCLIA VARICOSA subsp. LEIOBULBON (Hooker) comb. et
stat. nov. — Epidendrum leiobulbon Hooker, Hook.
Journ. Bot. 3: Site Oe | SOAs

NEW TAXA

ENCYCLIA AENICTA, sp. nov.
Epidendrum pollardianum Withner, Orchid Digest 34:
: ob. as to photograph and most drawings,
not as to type specimen.

E. pseudobulbis conicis 1-3 phyllis, foliis
ellipticis vel ligulatis, sepalis oblanceolatis,
petalis cuneato-spathulatis, labelli subliberi,
trilobi, lobis lateralibus oblongis, apice recurvis,
intermedio subrotundo mucronato, striato, columna
aptera.

Holotype: Mexico; Nayarit, near Jalcocotan, Feb.
1947, flowered in cult. June 1952, E. Yale Dawson s. n.
(US 2399076, isotype MO).

This species is closely related to E. diota and E.
spatella (syn. E. meliosma), and thus a member of one
oF the most difficult complexes in the genus. In some
areas it hybridizes extensively with E. spatessa: but
in others they coexist without any sign of inter-
gradation. To make matters worse, the type of E.
meliosma cannot now be found. If the specimen is ever

ocated, we may find the customary interpretation of
E. meliosma to be incorrect.

ENCYCLIA CRETACEA, sp. nov.

E. pseudobulbis ovoideis, 3 phyllis, foliis ellip-
ticis, glaucis, racemo terminale, sepalis lanceolatis,
petalis anguste ellipticis, labelli subliberi, trilobi
lobis lateralibus oblongo-linearis, intermedio rhombi-
formi, striato, columna aptera.

Holotype: Mexico; Oaxaca, 2.8 km. from Tuxtepec
highway at km. 21, east of highway on logging road;
on oaks in pine-oak forest, 8,250 ft. elev.; 16 Jan.
1971, G. E. Pollard s. n. (us)

A member of section Csmophy tun this species
resembles E. citrina in the glaucous, pendent plants,

but the flowers are similar to those of E. concolor,

1971 Dressler & Pollard, Nomenclatural notes 439

from which it differs in habit, in the form of the
lip and in the wingless capsule.

ARTORIMA, gen. nov.

Caulis pseudobulbosus, remotus; folia breves;
pedunculus paniculatus; labellum semiadnatum, lobi
suborbiculari, callo uncinato retrorso ornatum;
stigma rimiformis.

Type: Epidendrum erubescens Lindley

ARTORIMA ERUBESCENS (Lindley) comb. nov. - idendrum
erubescens Lindley, Hook. genet rath 3: 87.

- cyclia erubescens (Lindley) Schltr., Die
Orchideen Sra ° ‘

Superficially, this beautiful species fits
Encyclia rather than Epideaee? but the floral
details do not coincide wi ose of any known genus.
The retrorse, hook-like callus is very unusual, as is
the prominent, incurved mid-tooth of the column. The

narrow slit-like stigma, with a wider chamber within,
is quite unlike that of any related genus.

NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE ORCHIDACEAE - V

Robert L. Dressler

The present paper includes miscellaneous new
combinations, names and synonymies in American
Orchidaceae.

BLETIA PURPURATA Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci. Nat. III, 3:
256, ) LOAD
Crybe rosea Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2, 446.
6 —- Bletia rosea (Lindley) Dressler, Taxon 13:
248. 19564, not B. rosea (Lindley) Reichb. f.,
1862.

In checking on the combination Bletia rosea, I
failed to note that my card file of Bletia names had
been divided into two categories, and thus overlooked
Reichenbach's earlier use of the name (for what is now
considered a Schomburgkia). The epithet urata is
uncomfortably like at of B. purpurea (ron DC., BOR
there seems to be no alternative s its use.

I here publish new combinations for the few
Central American Encyclias which still lack valid
names in Encyclia and for two South American members of
the E. fragrans complex, which will be treated in
greater deta in a separate paper.

ENCYCLIA AMANDA (Ames) comb. nov. - Epidendrum amandum
Ames, Sched. Orch. 4: 36. 1923.

ENCYCLIA CHIMBORAZOENSIS (Schltr.) comb. nov. -
idendrum chimborazoense Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.
th 389. 19516.
ENCYCLIA FRAGRANS subsp. AEMULA (Lindley) comb. et stat.
nov. - Epicenter aemulum Lindley, Bot. Reg. 22: t.

1898. - idendrum fragrans var. aemulum
(Lindley) Barb. Rodr., Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:
1305 ,..88L.
Epidendrum aemulum var. brevistriatum Reichb. f.,
mnaea 41: 37. 1876 = idendrum fragrans var.

brevistriatum (Reichb. f. ogn., Mart. - Bras.
Most recent authors have cited the above synonym
as "var. breviaristatum," which suggests that all have
copied the same error.
ENCYCLIA LAMBDA (Linden & Reichb. f.) comb. nov. -
idendrum lambda Linden & Reichb. f., Bonplandia
oper. Test.

Epidendrum rueckerae Reichb. f., Hamb. Gartenz. el:
40

1971 Dressler, Nomenclatural notes Ly1

ENCYCLIA SPONDIADUM (Reichb. f.) comb. nov. -
idendrum Spondiadum Reichb. f., Bot. Zeit. 10:

ENCYCLIA VENEZUELANA (Schltr.) comb. nov. -
Eat peeouy venezuelanum Schlitr., Repert. Sp. Nov.
eih. 6: T9519

ENCYCLIA VESPA (Vell.) comb. nov. - idendrum Vespa
Vell., Fl. Flum. Ica 9: ts 27% °
Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. &

labia (Poepp. Endl.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 264.
idendrum variegatum Hook., Bot. Mag. 59: t. 3151.
idendrum baculibulbum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.
Beih. 10:

I give here only the synonyms most important for
Central America. This species is nomenclaturally
central in a bewildering complex which is most
variable in the Andes. It seems best to use this name
for the entire complex until (or unless) a thorough
study of the complex is available.

EPIDENDRUM HAMATUM (Garay) comb. nov. - Stenoglossum
hamatum Garay, Orquideologia 4: 72. 1969.
Garay suggests that Stenoglossum be accepted as a
Gl on th

genus distinct from idendrum e basis of four
features (loc. cit. p. 70); these are:

1. non-resupinate flowers - This feature is frequent
in idendrum, including section Spathium Lindley.
Many species of section Spathium have an arching
inflorescence, so that mos owers have the lip
lowermost without any actual twisting of the ovary or

pedicel (a sort of passive resupination). This is
exactly the situation in idendrum (Stenoglossum}

spetonho rua. This feature clearly cannot be en to
istinguish Stenoglossum from Epidendrun.

2. transverse plate-like rostellum - The rostellum is
transverse and plate-like in all species of Epidendrun.
In most species of Epidendrum the transverse rosteilum
is nearly parallel wth the axis of the column, while
in E. coryophorum and E. hamatum it forms an angle of
about Se uth the axis of the column, which may be the
distinction intended by Garay. The structure of the
rostellum is quite the same in E. coryophorum and E.

hamatum as in the majority of Epiden rum species, and
the angle varies somewhat within Epidendrun.

3. two, distinctly lobed stigmata - I believe that
Garay has misinterpreted the structure of the stigma.
The drawing which accompanies his paper (loc. cit. p.
74) shows the posterior stigmatic lobes from below and

42 Pet. Yi T OcLGiGplek Vol. 21, no. 7

behind, and thus cannot show whether or not the
stigmatic surface is continuous in front of and
between these lobes. My examination of herbarium
specimens indicates that the stigmatic surface is
by no means divided into separate stigmas, but is
quite like that of idendrum tridactylum, except
that the posterior Iobes project forward (see
Brittonia 19: 238. 1967).

4. ovoid or globose, but never compressed, pollinia
- The pollinia of E. coryophorum are undoubtedly very
thick, even if slightly compressed laterally. How-
ever, the pollinia of E. hamatum are distinctly com-
pressed. In the type collection and in Barkley,
Gutierrez & Sierra 4, the dry pollinia are more strong-
ly compressed than those of Epidendrum elegantissimum
Lehm. & Kranzlin or E. ne Lindley, and
compressed to about the same degree as those of E.
cylindraceum Lindley and E. parvilabre Lindley (all
species which resemble Stenoglossum in habit and
other features). Thus, 1. must reaffirm my earlier

conclusion that Stenoglossum should not be maintained
as a distinct genus (Brittonia 19: 243. 1967).

HEXISEA BICORNIS (Lindley) comb. nov. - Hexadesmia
bicornis Lindley, Bot. Reg. 30: misc. p. 41. 1841

- Ju oa bicornis (Lindley) Garay, Bot. Mus.
Lea e ° 1967.

Scaphyglottis ruberrima var. aurea Reichb. f.,
Linnaea ; B56. 1849 - Tetragamestus aureus
Reichb. f., Bonplandia 2: 22. I854 - SNL

lottis aurea (Reichb. f.) Foldats, Acta Biol.

jonaa. 2: 381. 1959 - Hexisea aurea (Reichb. f.)
Dressler, Taxon 13: 246. °

sca lottis genychila Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Cane /: ° To30-

Garay (loc. cit.) indicates that bicornis Lindley
is an earlier epithet for this species, which I have
assigned to Hexisea. As indicated in the previous
paper (loc. cit.), the assignment is based primarily
on the non-jointed lip and the close relationship to
H. Sigmoidea Ames & Schweinf. As indicated by Garay,
the Supposedly sigmoid form of the lip is, by itself,
insufficient to delimit the genus.

In our work with American orchids, a few genera
have consistently refused to "fit" in the tribes or
subtribes to which they were assigned by Schlechter
and subsequent authors. Two of these are so isolated
in their relationships and so unusual in their charac-
teristics as to demand the creation of separate sub-
tribes, while the remaining genera are, together,
sufficiently distinctive to suggest tribal status.

1971 Dressler, Nomenclatural notes 43

Tribe EPIDENDREAE subtribe CRYPTARRHENINAE, new sub-
tribe - Folia conduplicata; pedunculi laterales,
multiflori; columna brevis, clinandrio cucullato;
pollinia 4, complanata; caudiculae 1 vel 2, stipiti-
formes.

Type: Cryptarrhena Lindley

It is not at all clear whether this monogeneric
subtribe should be assigned to the Epidendresae or the
Vandeae. The habit and the form of the pollinia
suggest Vandeae, and the hyaline, stipe-like
caudicles resemble those of Lockhartia and Centro-

etalum, which however, attach to true stipes. This
Subtribe may eventually be given tribal rank.

Tribe EPIDENDREAE subtribe MEIRACYLLIINAE, new sub-
tribe - Caules monophylli; folia conduplicata,
carnosa; pedunculi terminales, pauciflori; labellum
integrum vel subintegrum, profunde concavum; columna
basi teres, rostello recto; anthera dorsalis;
pollinia 8, tenue clavata, glandulae affixae.

Type: Meiracyllium Reichb. f.

Possibly intermediate between the pene and
the Pleurothallidinae (see Brittonia l2:
1960), this genus does not fit well in either group,
and does not seem to be closely related to Podochilus
or other Asiatic genera.

Tribe PACHYPHYLLEAE, new tribe - Caules tenues, pleuro-
phylli; pedunculi laterales vel terminales; columna
plus minusve alata; pollinia 2, caudiculae 1 vel 2,
stipitiformes, stipiti laminiformi affixae.

Type: Pachyphyllum Kunth
This tribe, to include the subtribes Fachyehye-

linae and Lockhartiinae, is quite distinctive in e
form of the pollinaria. Though the members of the
two subtribes are rather different in other features,
their pollinaria are so similar as to suggest a close
relationship. I anticipate a system in which the
tribe Vandeae of Lindley is divided into about six
more uniform tribes, of which this is the only one
not already given a tribal name by Pfitzer.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS
CALLICARPA. XVIII

Harold N. Moldenke

CALLICARPA L.

Additional & emended bibliography: Koord., Meded. Lands Plant.
12: [Plantkund. Woordenb.] 89 & 142. 1894; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22
[89 (6)J]: 1108--1109, text fig. 179. 1928; A. C. Martin, Am. Midl.
Nat. 36: 608--609 & 650, pl. 50. 1946; Wyman, Shrubs & Vines Am.
Gard. 113. 1956; Anon., Hortic. Abstr. 3): 77. 1964; El-Gazzar &
Wats., New Phytol. 69: 457, 60, 469, 73, 483, & 485. 1970; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 21: 375—388 & h--500. 1971.

Martin (1946) lists this genus among the genera studied by him
whose seeds he ascertained to have endosperm, apparently basing
his conclusion on the examination of only the seeds of C. ameri-
cana. Ina genus of 205 accepted specific and subspecific taxa,
it would seem that results obtained from one species can hardly
be regarded as providing a safe indication for the entire genus.

CALLICARPA ACUMINATA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 329, 3h]——
344, 382, & 385. 1971.

CALLICARPA AMERICANA L.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 375 & 386.
1971.
Martin (196) affirms that the seeds of this plant do possess
endosperm.

CALLICARPA ANGUSTIFOLIA King & Gamble

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 375. 1971.

Dop (1932) states that C. poilanei Dop is very closely related
to C. angustifolia, differing in its almost glabrous (rather
than villous) ovary, its elliptic-oblong (not lanceolate) leaf-
blades which are acute (not long-attenuate) at the base, abruptly
acuminate-caudate (not acutely attenuate) at the apex, and sinu-
ate-denticulate or -dentate (not entire) along the margins, with
the tomentum much finer on the lower surface.

CALLICARPA ARBOREA Roxb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Gamble, List Trees Darj.
Dist. 60. 1878; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 298,
299, & 382. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 375 & 387. 1971.

Gamble (1878) records the vernacular names "goehlo", "jamti",
and "sung-a-king" for this plant and notes that the species grows
at altitudes up to 3000 feet and is "Very common in old Mechi or
Lepcha cultivations", flowering in April, fruiting in November;
"Almost universal in the si plaoea He most common in dry mixed for-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa hs

ests of small trees on good soil and in Savannahs. Bark grey-
brown. Wood brownish white, of good grain, tolerably heavy; only
used for charcoal."

It ought to be noted here that Clarke (1885) lists C. farinosa
Roxb. as a synonym of C. arborea, but I am regarding it as belong-
ing in the synonymy of C, tomentosa (L.) Murr.; the C. arborea
Miq., which he lists, is also a synonym of C. tomentosa.

Merrill (1917) claims that C. weberi Merr. is most closely al-
lied to C. arborea, but differs in its much smaller cymes which
are usually only o only once or twice forked, its smaller and fewer-
veined leaves, its larger flowers, and its ovaries being slightly
glandular but not tomentose.

Fletcher (1938) records C. arborea from Thailand as follows:
"C. arborea Roxb. var. villosa (Roxb.) King et Gamble Mat. 803
(1909); Rid Ridl. F. M. P. 61h, in in nota. C. villosa Roxb. Hort. Beng.
10 (1814). C. lamata Lam Verb. 79, pro © parte, non Linn. Payap.
Doi Saket, North Plateau, c. 1000 m., Hosseus 618. Pannati.
Pattani, Tomo, Ban Kaung, c. 90 m., Lakshnakara a 638. Distrib.
Malay Peninsula, Sylhet (type)."

CALLICARPA ARBOREA var. PSILOCALYX (H. J. Lam) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 330, 336, &
387. 1971.
Merrill (1917) affirms that C. weberi Merr. is related to
this plant, but differs in its smaller leaves, densely stellate-
pubescent calyx, and puberulent corolla.

CALLICARPA AREOLATA Urb.

Additional & emended bibliography: J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen.
Sp. Pl. 1925; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 360 (1968) and 21: 376.
1971.

CALLICARPA AUSTRALIS Koidz.
Additional & emended bibliography: Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 76 & 997.
1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 495 (1971) and 21: hy. 1971.

CALLICARPA BODINIERI Léveillé

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia Hemsl. apud Rehd. in
C. S. Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 306, in syn. (in part). 1916 [not C.
longifolia Benth., 1885, nor Hance, 1890, etc.].

CALLICARPA BODINIERI var. GIRALDII (Hesse) Rehd.
Additional bibliography: T. M. Simpson, Gard. South, Afr. 189.
1964; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 331. 1971.

CALLICARPA BREVIPES (Benth.) Hance

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia Hook. apud P'ei, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): L5, in syn. 1932 [not C. longifolia "Benths,
1885, nor Hance, 1890, etc.].

hbé PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 7

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 331, 333,
335, & 379. 1971.

CALLICARPA CANDICANS (Burm. f.) Hochr.

Additional & emended bibliography: Gamble, List Trees Darj.
Dist. 60. 1878; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 1, 283 & 503.
1881; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22 [89 (6)]: 1108 & 1109, text fig. 179.
uae Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 329, 331—332, 30, 3h4--3h6, &
387. 1971.

Gamble (1878) refers to this species as a "Common shrub along
roadsides and in waste places" in the Darjeeling district of West
Bengal.

CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) K. Koch
Additional bibliography: T. M. Simpson, Gard. South. Afr. 189.
1964; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 331, 333, 335, 345, & 379. 1971.

CALLICARPA FLOCCOSA Urb.
Additional bibliography: J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl.
1925; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 2h. 1967.

CALLICARPA FULVA A. Rich.
Additional & emended bibliography: Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 10: 38. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 39. 1971.

CALLICARPA FULVOHIRSUTA Merr.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 495 (1971)
and 21: 39 & hO. 1971.

CALLICARPA FURFURACEA Ridl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 14: 235 (1967)
and 21: 230. 1971.

CALLICARPA GLANDULOSA Fletcher
Additional & emended bibliography: Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 10: 38. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 237. 1967.

CALLICARPA INTHGERRIMA Champ.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 38, 0, 50,
103, 215, 222, & 223. 1971.

CALLICARPA INTEGERRIMA var. SERRULATA Li
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 26 (1967)
and 21: 225. 1971.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA Thunb.
Additional bibliography: Wyman, Shrubs & Vines Am. Gard. 113.
1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 334, 338, 340, 379, & 381. 1971.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. ANGUSTATA Rehd.
Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia Hemsl. apud Rehd. in

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa Lh7

C. S. Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 369, in syn. (in part). 1916 [not C.
longifolia Benth., 1885, nor Hance, 1890, etc.].

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 154, 210,
212, & 379. 1971.

CALLICARPA JAPONICA var. LUXURIANS Rehd.

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia "sensu Li" ex Hatusima,
Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (3): 47, in syn. 1966 [not C.
longifolia Benth., 1885, nor Ilance, 1890, etc.].

Additional bibliography: Moldexke, Phytologia 21: 33k. 1971.

CALLICARPA KINABALUENSIS Bakh. & Heine
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 27.
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 6. 1971.

CALLICARPA KOCHIANA Wak.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 151, 15h, 215,
223, 225, 2h2, & 3hy. 1971.

CALLICARPA LANCIFOLIA Millsp.

Additional bibliography: J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl.
1907; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: ys1—hs2" (1968) and 21: 233 & 235.
1971.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA Lam. [not C. longifolia Benth., 1885, etc.].
Additional & emended bibliography: Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22 [89 (6)]:
1109. 1928; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 376 & 387. 1971.
It should be noted here that the homonym, C. longifolia Benth.,
cited by me in Phytologia 21: 9 (1971) as having first been pub-
lished in 1962, was actually effectively published in 1885.

CALLICARPA LONGIFOLIA f. FLOCCOSA Schau.

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia L. ex Wall. in Roxb.,
Fl. Ind., ed. 1 [Carey & Wall.J, 1: 09, in syn. 1820 [not C.
longifolia Benth., 1885, etc].

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 376. 1971.

It should be noted here that the homonym, C. longifolia Benth.,
cited by me in the synonymy of this form in Phytologia 21: 113
(1971) as having first been published in 1966, was actually ef-
fectively published in 1885.

CALLICARPA LONGISSIMA (Hemsl.) Merr.

Emended synonymy: Callicarpa longifolia Benth. ex C. B. Clarke
in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 570, in syn. 1885.

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 376. 1971.

CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA Vahl
Additional bibliography: El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69:
483 & 485. 1970: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 376 & 387. 1971.

hs PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 7

CALLICARPA MAINGAYI King & Gamble

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 329, 336, &
387. 1971.

Merrill (1917) asserts that C. weberi Merr. is allied to C.
maingayi.

CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA R. Br.

Additional bibliography: Patermann, Beitr. Zytol. Verbenac.
27--28 & [55], pl. 3, fig. 22. 1935; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert.
Sp. Nov. 39: 302 & 30h (1936) and 40: 96, 99-102, 109, 120, 12h,
130, & 163. 1936; Beer & Lam, Blumea 2: 222. 1936; Hand.-Mazz.,
Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56B: 455. 1937; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
9: 45. 1938; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 1) & 415.
1938; Moldenke, Alph. List Common Vern. Names 33. 1939; Moldenke,
Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Cummins, Mycologia 32: 373.
190; Moldenke, Suppl. List Common Vern. Names 3, 1), & 18. 190;
Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 9--13. 1940; Kaneh. &
Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 56: 113. 1942; Lam & Meeuse in Holthuis &
Lam, Blumea 5: 235. 192; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., [ed. 1], 5u--58, 61-71, & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List
Invalid Names 8--11. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1943; Hol-
denke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 34, 108, 109, 208, 248, & 25h. 19)6;
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 1916; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 2: 345. 1947; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 1
640. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 35h, 359, 433, 456, 470,
82, & 565 (1948), 3: 702, 762, 76h, & 795 (19495, and h: 987,
1102, 1111, 1119, 1205, & 1208. 1919; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis-
trib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 125, 128, 131, 133, 135, 139, 11, 143,
yy, Us6—-1y8, 150, 152, 155, 157, & 177. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act.
Phytotax. Sin. 1: 279, 282, 283, 286—287, 296, & 311. 1951; Mol-
denke, Phytologia lz 122--12). 1952; Moldenke, Résumé 160, 165,
168, 172, 17h, 179, 183, 187, 189, 191, 194, 197, 198, 200, 203,
20h, 208, 211, 21h, 22, 2-248, & bk. 1959; Anon., Kew Bull.
Gen. Index 1929-1956, 59. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind.
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 2h (1962),
7: 6 (1963), and 11: 6, 196; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 10: 239.
1964; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, new rev. ed., 726. 1965; Moldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 1: 7. 1966; Whitmore, Guide Forests Brit. Solomon
Isls. 170. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 427, 437, 467, & 502
(1966), lh: 37, 105--108, 111, 113, 118, 121, 142, & 143 (1966),
1h: 226 & 228--230 (19675, and 15: 19, 21, 27, & 32. 1967; Tingle,
Check List Hong Kong Pl. 38. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15:
17. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 365. 1968; Stearn, Notes & Rec.
Roy. Soc. Lond. 2: 83. 1969; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 11h.
1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 38, 49, 101, 102, 108, 109, 151,
153, 157, 162--16h, 215, 220, 222, 223, 235, 236, 242, 336, 36,
& 367-368. 1971.

Illustrations: Britten in Banks & Soland., Illustr. Austral.
Pl. [Bot. Cook's Voy. 2:] pl. 237. 1901; Patermann, Beitr. Zytol.
Verbenac. pl. 3, fig. 22. 1935.

Recent authors and collectors describe this plant as a large

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa Lg

slender bush, shrub, or small tree, 1--10 m. tall, the stems 2 cm.
in diameter, the leaf-blades gray-green and softly pubescent or
bright-green above and light-green beneath, the flower—buds lilac,
the flowers fragrant, calyx pale- or light-green, corolla pink,
pinkish-purple, or pale-purple to lavender, orchid, light—violet,
mauve, or even white, the petals and minute, filaments deep-
purple or light-violet to mauve, anthers yellow or light-yellow,
and the fruit green when immature » eventually purple, bright-
purple, pale- or deep-lilac, or violet, not white. They have
found it flowering from April to July, October, and November and
fruiting in January, July, and September to November, growing
from sealevel to 700 meters altitude, inhabiting forests, the
margins of rainforests, the edge of woods, base of cliffs, and
cultivated ground, growing on limestone near riverbanks, in
alang-alang (Carangium odoratum) fields, in grass savannas of low-
lying areas, and in the tracks in ee Beer & Lam (1936)
report it as "common in forest regrowths", Mrs. Clemens describes
it as a "shrub in rocks with Rapanea and Glochidion", while Brass
calls it "sporadic in secondary grassland" on Fergusson Island,

The corollas are described as "lavender" on F. R. Fosb 1420)
and G. P, Wilder s.n. [Nov. 28, 1930], "pink" on n Brass 27347, i”
K. Clemens s.n._ s.n. [Mount Coolum, 3 April 1945], and P. Rankin | S.ne
[Jan. 2 in. 3, 1945], "orchid" on Sigafoos 136, "mauve" on Kajewski
1361, "pale-lilac" on C. B. Robinson 300, "pale-purple" on Hoog=
land "y2h6, "pinkish=purple" on W on Womersley & & Floyd 6806, and "white"
on on C. B. “B. Robinson 299.

It is worth noting here that the C. cana of Dalzell & Gibson
is actually C. tomentosa (L.) Murr., that of Gamble is C. macro-
phylla Vahl, “that of Wallich is in part C. longifolia Lam. » and
that of Demande of Sprengel, and of Vahl is C. candicans (Burm.
f.) Hochr.; the C. cuspidata credited to Lam & Bakhuizen van den
Brink is C. longipes Dunn, that credited to Bakhuizen alone is in
part C. longipe s and in part C. rubella Lindl., and that credited
to Hasskarl is C. longifolia Lam.; the C. dentata credited to
Roxburgh is C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. while that of Pavon and
of Sessé & Mocifio are Cormutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.)
Schau.; and the C. lanata of Gamble is C. vestita Wall., that of
Linnaeus and of Wallich is C. tomentosa -(L.) Murr., that of Hossé-
us is C, arborea Roxb., that t of H. J. Lam is C. arborea var. psi-

localyx (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, and that of Lamarck is Premna odor-
ata Blanco.

Hasskarl's reference (18), given in the above bibliography,
is often cited as "Cat. Pl. Bot. Bogor. Cult. 2: 136--137" or as
"2° Cat. Buitenz."

The Sprengel (1825) reference is incorrectly cited by Hass-
karl (18) as "2: 420", The Lam & Meeuse reference (192) also
cited above is sometimes cited as "195" or "196", but actually

450 PHY TOL 0 Gres Vol. 21, no. 7

bears the inscription "issued June 15th, 192". These authors
cite a nO. 3429 from Nenoesa in the Talaud Islands, describing
the plant as about 1 m. tall, leaves bright-green above, light-
green beneath, calyx light-green, corolla light-violet, and anth-
ers yellow, growing in cultivated ground, at 100 meters altitude,
flowering in June. They give the overall distribution of the
species as "Malay Peninsula to Australia".

Brown's original (1810) description of C. pedunculata is "fol-
iis ovatis acutis dentato-serratis basi obtusissim&: adultis
supra scabris subtiis cinereo-tomentosis, pedunculo petiolum paulo
superante. (T.) v.v." The original description of C. cuspidata
by Wallich (1820) is "Shrubby, all the tender parts, and the un-
der surface of the short-petioled, elliptic, dentate, cuspidate.
Leaves woolly. Corymbs axillary, their division and the calyces
clothed with minute grains under the wool. A native of the Mo-
luccas; the leaves are always acutely dentate, and end in a long
taper, acute point. The Berries are very small, smooth and
purple." The fruits, of course, are drupes, not berries.

The original description of C. lanata by Vahl (179) is as
follows: "Callicarpa lanata foliis ovatis basi rotundatis integ-
errimis subdenticulatis, supra rugosis subtus ramisque lanato-
tomentosis. Tomex tomentosa. LIN. fl. Zeyl. pag. 2h. fide
herb. Hermanni. Callicarpa lanata (tomentosa S. V. p. 153) fol-
iis integerrimis lanatis. LIN. Mant. p. 331. Rami, uti petioli,
folia subtus e pedunculi, tomento densissimo tecti. Folia ovata,
attenuata, 4--5 pollicaria, basi pollices tres lata, nervis sup-
ra villosis incanis, rugosa, integerrima vel extrorsum dentibus
obscure dentata: dentibus acutis. Inflorescentia ut in reliquis!
Obviously it is C. tomentosa (L.) Murr. which he is here de-
scribing. ox

As to the overall geographic distribution of the true C. pe-
dunculata, Beer & Lam (1936) say "Formosa, Philippines, East Ma-
laysia to Polynesia", King & Gamble (1908) say "Malay Archipelago,
Tropical Australia", Domin (1928) says "Von Penang iiber Malaya
nach Australien (Nord-Australien, Queensland, nordl. N. S. Wales",
Lam (191) gives it as "P. Pinang; Java; Celebes; Ambon; Key-
Insl.; Niederl. Neu Guinea; Kais. Wilh. Land; Neu-Mecklenberg;
New-Pommern; Uatom; trop. Australien", while in his 192) work he
modifies this to "Penang, Malayischer Archipel, Bismarck-Archipel,
tropisches Australien", Lam & Meeuse (192) give it as "Malay
Peninsula to Australia" and record it from Nanoesa Island on the
basis of their no. 3429, while Kanehira & Hatusima (192) say
"Philippines, East Malaya to New Guinea and Polynesia". Bentham
& Mueller (1370) comment that "The species is also in the Archi-
pelago and is closely allied to the widely diffused C. Macro-
phylla, Vahl. Schauer refers it to 'C. lanata Vahl Symb. iii.
13', but if he had turned to the page he quotes, he would have
seen that the name is Linnaeus' not Vahl's and relates to the
very different Ceylon species which Schauer has published under
the name C. Wallichiana."

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 451

Lam (1919) includes a C. dentata Wall., in part, no. 6319, in
the synonymy of C. pedunculata, but I regard this binomial as be-
longing to the synonymy of C. longifolia Lam. He gives the dis-
tribution of C. pedunculata as "P, Penang, Malay Archipelago (Ja-
val, Celebes! , Wetar!, Ambon!, Key-isl.!, Dutch-New-Guinea! ,

Kais .-W. -land), Bismark-archipelago! , tropical Australia", "He
comments that "Its affinities are with C. rubella, C. pilosis-
sima Max. (from Formosa), C. caudata and | C. macrophylla. The
leaves, however, never have a distinctly cordate base, as inC.
rubella, are never as narrow as in C, pilosissima, have never an
acute or cuneate base as in C. caudata, nor are as long and wide
as the leaves of C. macrophylla, which are coarsely dentate and
have their greatest breadth near the base." In discussing C.
rubella he says "Its affinity is, especially in regard with the
flower, with C. pedunculata, but its leaves are always cordate,
subsessile and narrower, whilst its cymes are smaller, fascicu-
late, not widely dichotomous as in C. pedunculata."

Interestingly enough, Steudel (1521) notes "cfr. Callicarpa
dentata" in his entry for C. pedunculata, while in his 1840 work
he actually includes a C. lanata "Linn." in the synonymy on the
authority of Sprengel. The Schultes (1827) ask "videtur eadem,
ac lanata. Quid Callicarpa macrocarpa Raeusch.? -- sinensis
Noisette?" The last two names referred to in this quotation are
actually synonyms of C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr.

Britten (1901) reduces C, lanata "Schauer (non Vahl)" to syno-
nymy under C. pedunculata; Rehder (1914) also gives "C. lanata,
Schau., not Linn." as a synonym, while Jacques & Hérincq (1851)
adopt C. lanata "Vahl" as the accepted name for the taxon, redu-
cing C. , pedunculata R. Br. to synonymy under it.

Ridley (1923) includes C. pedunculata only under "Excluded
Species" for the Malay Peninsula, commenting that the "Wallich,
1834, no. 2" cited by Gamble is "Hamilton, 1334" from Penang, but
actually represents what is now called C, " candicans (Burm. f.)
Hochr. He states categorically that "There is no evidence for
Callicarpa pedunculata occurring in the [Malay] Peninsula",

It should also be noted here that C. B. Robinson 300, from Am-
boina, was at first regarded by Merrill and others as r represen~
ting the Mamanira alba of Rumphius (17,3), but the latter is now
regarded by me as belonging to the synonymy of Callicarpa longi-
folia Lam. Stapf, however, in 1929 still cites Rumphius! pl. 59
as illustrating "C. cuspidata".

Sprengel (1825) places C. pedunculata in the synonymy of what
he calls C. lanata L. {now known as C. tomentosa (L.) Murr.)
along with | C. dentata Roth and C. incana Roxb. [the latter now re-
garded as By macrophylla Vahl]. He lie regarded C. cuspidata Roxb.
as a distinct species from C. pedunculata, this being quite under-

452 P°RSY-T/O LOG) te Vol.»21, naseT

standable if C. pedunculata is regarded as a synonym of C. tomen-
tosa. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) also kept c. pedunculata
and C. cuspidata apart as separate species. In the synonymy of
the former he placed C, americana Blanco, C. bicolor F. Vill., C.
blancoi Rolfe, C. formosana Rolfe, C. ovata a .02 Bi , B. Robinson, and
Cc. atanspiviia Merr. -- actually, C. ', formosana and C. stenophylla
are valid species [albeit the former is very close to C. peduncu-
lata) and the other binomials he cites are all synonyms Ss. of C-== C.
formosana Rolfe. Under "C. cuspidata Roxb." he places, as syno-
nyms (almost unbelievably!) C. acutidens Schau., C. caudata Maxim.,
C. lancifolia Merr., C. longipes Dunn, 3 Dunn, C. micrantha Vidal, C. pi-
losissima Maxim., C. psilocalyx C. B. Clarke, Cc. rubella linda
C. sessilifolia Wall., C. tenuiflora Champ., and Mamanira Rumph.J
Of these, C. acutidens, C. caudata, C. longipes, C. C. micrantha,
C. pilosissima, C. SLs and On rubella are all valid and
distinct species, |, while Cc. lancifolia Merr. is a synonym of C.
merrillii Moldenke, C. sessilifolia Wall. and C. tenuiflora
Champ. are synonyms of C. rubella Lindl., and Mamanira alba
Rumph. is C. longifolia Lam. Because of this amazingly broad con-
cept of the species in question, his description and his state-
ment of geogravhic distribution are useless. He comments under
what he calls C. lanata Zipp. "Perhaps this species is identical
with C. cana or C. cuspidata Roxb." -- I regard it as C. peduncu-
iata R. Br.

~~ Chang (1951) includes under Cc. pedunculata the C. formosana of
Rolfe, the C. aspera of Handel-—Mazzetti, and the C. rubella f.
robusta of Pei. I follow Merrill in regarding Cc. formosana as
valid, with C. aspera as a synonym, and also accept C. rubella f.
robusta as valid. Obviously, however, C. pedunculata - is very
closely allied to C. formosana. The latter may actually be only
a variety of the former or they may even be the same taxon as

Bakhuizen (1921), Chang (1951), and others maintain.
Vernacular names recorded for C. pedunculata are "a cibulit",

"a peptipinagut", "beauty-berry", "béning-b&ning rih", "méniran",
"katoempang", tmémSni ran", "ringan", “ringan-ringan", and "wild
heliotrope".

Kajewski tells us that on Guadalcanal island when a small
baby in arms is sick the fruit of this plant is chewed with a
betel nut and spat into the baby's mouth. N. E. Brown (1890) in-
forms us that the species was introduced into cultivation in
1788 from the East Indies. According to Cummins (190) it is at-
tacked by the fungus, Uredo callicarpae Petch, as can be seen on
herbarium specimens of " Clemens & Clemens 1368, 1452, & 1453 from

Papua. The Herb. Prager r 18667 from New Britain was erroneously

labeled by someone as from "New England"
Bentham & Mueller (1870) cite Beckler s.n. and C. Moore s.n.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 453

from New South Wales, R. Brown s.n. from the Northumberland Is-
lands, and A, Cunni ham Sone, Dallachy s.n., W. Hill s.n., F.
Mueller s.n., "and others" from Queensland. King & ~& Gamble (1908)
cite Wallich 1834 (2) & 6319. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921)
cites Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 601] as C.
cuspidata lata Roxb., but it is very plainly typical C, merrillii “VMol-
denke. Lam (192) cites Lauterbach 2449 and Rudolph h 6 from the
Territory of New Guinea, Lauterbach 207 - and Dahl s.n. [30 Okt.
1896] from New Britain, and Peekel 61 from New Ireland. Domin
(1928) cites A. Dietrich 09, 13k, “13h2, 1453, 1762, 2525, 253k,
& 2610 and Domin 8M. asbonriia | Mts., S., 117-1910) & & s.n. n. [Yabar—
ra, ~ 1.1910] from Queensland. Kanehira & Hatusima (192) cite
their nos. 13539, 13633, & 13975 from the Arfak Mountains of West
Irian, at 1900 meters altitude. Whitmore (1966) cites Rechinger
4672 & 4856 from the Solomon Islands.

Chang (1951) cites the following collections, but since he in-
cludes C. formosana Rolfe and C. rubella f. robusta P'ei in his
concept , of C. pedunculata, these citations are wholly unreliable
and I seriously doubt if any of them actually represent the true
Cc. pedunculta CHINA: Chekiang: nos. 1838, 1128, & 43949. Fu-

1209, 8755, 21989, 92982, 33 23820, 20, 2h6k2, 26530, & & "26548. wien

tung: Tse Hai ee T. M. Taui 119, 211, & * . Tutcher S.n., and

10799, 12008, 20315, 20196, 21182, 21388, 211,60, 21586, 23993,
2uh55, 2 226, 253 uh, 255 6, 2 2592h, 26301, 26L10, 28715, 299L7,
32250, lorn, » 42765, 50349, 60577, 21286, 50626, & 81,356 a

27690, ‘& Ls. FORMOSA? K. Yori Sie, G. Saito 7657, Ye | x, Shima-
da s.n., T. Tanaka s.n., and nos. 10908, 12750, 75165, Jeiie, &
151891. Unfortunately, Chang gives the onllecter 5 and/or her herbar~
ium names corresponding to the above numbers only in Chinese
characters and I have not as yet been able to have these trans-
lated.

Material of C. pedunculata has been misidentified and distrib-
uted in herbaria under the names C. acuminata Roxb., C. americana
Hort., "C. cana L. sens. lat.", Cc. japonica Thunb., C. '. longifolia
Lam., and. Cc. "2 villosa Vahl. On the other hand, the D. ). Fairchild
1015, Koorders 3 2959 [339+], and Ouwenhand 56, distributed as Cc.
pedunculata, are actually C. brevipetiolata Merr.; Beguin 1214,
Bloembergen 431 431, Brass 5520, Docters van Leeuwen 10106, Giulia~
netti s.n., Koorders rs 19485b & 191,98 (48), Main & Aden 947, } Mayr

10h, Mearns & Hutchinson L755, E. D. Merrill 11689, Ram Ramos & Edaflo

45 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 7

mann 89he, he Walsh 67 are c. eaitectal amaatinds Ramos & Edafio s Sone
(Herb. Philip. Bur. Bur. Sci. 45614] is C. elegans Hayek; yek; Ahern rn 811Q
and Hosokawa 9905 are C. formosana Rolfe; E. . E. D. Merrill 11 1718 is
C. formosana f. angustata Moldenke; Ramos & Edaflo s.n. (Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 28513] is Cc. formosana var. -, glabrescens Molden-
ke j Clemens & Clemens eo is a Ge longifolia Lam.; Zollinger 350

and C Ce B. a, wabinson 300 are C. "Da La var. vianinsduin H. Je
Lam; Kjellberg 3889 an and Rachmat 206 are C. pilosissima Maxim.;
Weiss 1586 is C. ". rubella var. hemsleyana D Diels; and Ramos & Edafio
Son. sen. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 37635] is C. stenophylla Me Merr.

The Hort. Huber 5. cited below, was previously erroneously
cited by me as C. longifolia Lam. The Guadalcanal specimens, al-
so cited below, “do not have the aspect of C. pedunculata and may,
on further study, prove to represent something else. Herb. Hort.
Bot. Bogor. XV.J.A.XXIX.6 is a mixture of C. pedunculata and its
var. glabriuscula H. J. Lam.

In all, 147 herbarium specimens and 6 mounted illustrations of

the typical form of this species have been examined by me.
Additional citations: INDIA: State undetermined: J. D. Hooker
19 (S); Roxburgh s.n. (S); T. Thomson s.n. [Plan. Ganget. inf.)
(S). MALAYA: Pahang: Corner r 29837 (Bz—-72765) . Penang: Wallich
1834/1 (K). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Anambas: M. R. Henderson
20491 (Bz—18014). Java: Bakhuizen van den Brink 806 (Bz—
2577); Teijsmann s.n. [1868] (Mi). Nanoesa: H. J. Lam 3429
(Bz—-17539, Bz—-17540). Sumatra: Biinnemeijer 7 (Bz—-17980) .
LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Timor: Forbes 3,65 (Bz—-18112), 3601 (Bz—
18113); Herb. Torrey s.n. (T); Walsh 111 (Bz—-17)9h, Bz—17h95) .
MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Amboina: Boerlage 9 (Bz--18116, Bz--18117), 227
(Bz—-18115); Rant 88 (Bz—18119), 96 (Bz—-1811); C. Be Robinson
299 (W--65617, W--129L19)). Banda: Treub 391 (Bz—18122). Boa-
no: Kornassi 1285 (Bz—-18123, Ca—-23681h, | Ut—80239). Buru: Sapin
470 (Bz—1812h). Elat: H. Jensen 143 (Bi, Bz—18126). Halmahera:
Anang 592 (Bz--72983); H. . J. Lam Lam . Lam 3761 (Bz—-18128, N); Teijsmann
7787 (Bz—-17500, Bz--17501). Ternate: Beguin 1229 (Bz—17503).
Timor Lacet: Buwalda 4362 (Bz—72567). “Toeal: » Hae Jensen 33 (Bi,
Bz——18125). NEW GUINEA: | Papua: Chalmers s.n. {Lome Rg.] (ub), Se
n. [South Cape] (Mb), s.n. (Mb); Clemens & & Clemens 1368 (Ah),
1453 (Ah), 326ha (Ah), “g-De [Suppl., Jul; July 16/36] ( (Ah); Hollrung
5u6, in part (Bz—-18129, , Mb); Hoogland 216 (Ng--16830); Mac Mac
Gregor sen. [1890] (Mb). Territory of New Guinea: Holl ng 5h6,
in part , (Mb) ; Womersley & Floyd 6806 (Bi, Ng--16936). West Trian:
Sigafoos 136 (Mi, W—1928])1). NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Fergusson:

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa ss

Brass 27347 (W—2)08591). BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: New Britain: Herb.
Prager 18667 (Gge—31965) ; Re Z Parkinson s.n. [1901] (Vt). SOLOMON
ISLANDS: Guadalcanal: Ka jews ki 24,20 (Bi, Bz—18160, Bz—18161).
AUSTRALIA: get South Wales: Boorman s.n. [Mt. Perry, 8.1912] (Ca—
176563); W. Forsyth 10-98 (Ca—25096); Herb. Forest Dept. Sydney
485 [2209] (ie 8271); Maiden & Boorman s.n Son. ~ [Byron Bay, 11-03)
(Po—61,807, Vt); E.G. McLean icLean 5k (W—1092061) , sen. (Casino, h-
18] (W—1596134); "N. B." 176 [Richmond River] (Go). Queensland:
F. M. Bailey s.n. (W—73329) 5 Boorman s.n. [8.1912] (B); Brass
2356 (B, = ara M. K. Clemens s.n. n. (Sept. 21 21, 'h3) (Or—l 7686, 0: or—
47952), s.n. [Mount Coolum, 3 April 19)5) (ca—81172, Mi), s.n.
[August-October 197] (N, $), s.n. [Dalrymple Heights, Oct../Nov.
1947] (Mi); A. Cunningham 82 (N); A. Fielding 13059 (Go); Flecker
14095 (N); Herb. Bogor. 17561 ,. Bogor. 17561 (Bz), 18164 (Bz), > 18165 (Bz); Herb. Herb.
Mus, Nac. Hist. | Nat. Chile Te 25556 (Sg); Ka jewski 1361 (W—
1550862), 1405 (S); Michael 309 (Bz--18163); C. T. White 1361 (N,
Ss, S), 1405 (N, S), 1957 (Bz--18162), 8981 (N, mY “GREAT BARRIER
REEF : Lizard: Collector undetermined 1B (S). CULTIVATED: France:
Hort. Huber 725 (M, Z--photo). Hawaiian Islands: A. Forbes 21
(Bi); Judd, Bryan, & Neal S.n. {June 6, 1932] (Bi); P. Rankin s. 8S.
n. [Jan. 3 3, 195) (Bi); G G. ry Wilder s.n. [Nov. 28, 1930] (Bi).
India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. s.n. _(Br—-16158, Ba 18159, Mu—

18127); H. Hallier C. "122 (X); tev Hort. ‘Bot. B 5 11.G.8a
(Bz, Bz), . XI.G.48 en a (Bz——25727, Bz, Bz), X1.G.49a (Bz, Bz, Ba,
N, N), X1.G.92 (Bz—-18110, Bz—-25796, Bz, Bz), X1.G.92a (Bz—
18111), XV.F.30 (Bz—2634), Bz, Le, N), XV.F.30a (Bz—26345),
XV.J.A.X01X.6, in part (Bz—25729, Bz, Bz, Bz, N), XV.J.A.XXIX.7
(Bz--18120, Bz—-18121), s s.n, [Banda] (Bz—18108), s son. (Bz—
18106, Bz--18107, B Bz—-18109, Bz—25728) . LOCALITY OF | OF COLLECTION
UNDETERMINED : Herb. Bogor. 18105 (Bz). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS:
Ferd. Bauer, Icon. Nov. Holl. 965 (V), 965a (V).

CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA var. GLABRIUSCULA H. J. Lam in H. Hallier,
Meded. Rijksherb. Leiden 37: 33—-3. 191).

Synonymy: Callicarpa novoguineensis Loes. ex H. J. Lam, Verben-
ac. Mal. Arch. 57, in syn. 1919.

Bibliography: H. J. Lam in H. Hallier, Meded. Rijksherb. Leid-
en 37: 33--34. 1914; H. J.Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 57. 1919;
Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 1940; Kaneh. & Ha-
tus., Bot . Mag. Tokyo 56: 113. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid
Names 10. 192; Moldenke, Résumé ahe & 2h6. 1959.

Lam's original (191) description of this variety is "Folia
supra sparse pubescentia (pilis simplicibus), subtus laxe stellato-
puberula, glanduloso-punctata, utrinque in nervis densius vestita;
flos calyce extus laxiuscule puberulo" and bases the taxon on El-

4,56 PRY TO L:0-G2sk Vol. 21, no. 7

bert 4503 & 4631 from "Wetar, Hochflache von Mangowe bei Laswer-
ang, 600--800 m." In his 1919 work he modified the description
to read "foliis supra pilis simplicibus sparsis, subtus pilis
stellatus sparsis tecta, glandulosa; nervis utrinque densius pi-
losis; calyx minus dense pubescente," and cites three collections:
(1) Blume? s.n. from Java, deposited in the Rijksherbarium at
Leiden as sheet number 908265-1115, (2) H. Hallier C.121 from
Key Island “imported into Buitenzorg and cultivated there sub
signo XI.G.l9", and (3) Elbert 503 from Mangowe, near Saiwerang,
Wetar, altitude 600—-800 meters, collected February 19, 1910. He
comments that "This variety has. an affinity with C. macrophylla,
with which some authors confound the species, by the form of its
leaves, especially in regard with the base." Kanehira & Hatusima
(1942) cite Brass 13356 & 14133 from New Guinea. This collector
found the plant ¢ growing in dense rainforests at 50 meters alti-
tude, flowering in July.

by me do not differ appreciably from typical C. pedunculata, and
probably actually represent XI.G.9a. Many sheets conprise both
collections together and are inscribed "XI.G.l9 en a",

In all, 16 herbarium specimens have been examined by me.

Citations: MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Amboina: C. B. Robinson 300 (Bz—
18118, N, W--654618). NEW GUINEA: West Trian: Kostermans ns 2609
(B2—-26605, Bz, Bz, N). CULTIVATED: Hawaiian Islands: F. Rens
Fosberg 1420 (Bi, N, N). Java: H. Hallier C.121 (X); Herb.
Hort. Bot. Bogor. X1.6..19 (Bz—25730, Bz--26521, Bz, N), XV.dA.
XXIX.6 irr .6, in in part (N).

CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA var. GLANDULOSA H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal.
Arch. 57. 1919.

Bibliography: H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 572, 19193 (Bee
Lam in Engl., Bat. Jahrb. 29; 88. 1924; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph.
List Invalid Names 12. 190; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names
10. 1942; Moldenke, Résumé 216. 1959.

Lam's original (1919) description of this variety is "folia
angustiora, basi angustiori, latitudine majore supra medium, den-
tibus marginibus minutioribus; calyx pilis longis glanduliferis
vestitus." He based the variety on two cotype collections: (1)
Forsten s.n. from Tondano, Celebes, collected in May 180, and
deposited in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden as sheets number
908266-1226 & 908266-1227, and (2) Hollrung 210 from Sattel
Mountain near Finschhafen, West Irian, collected in July 1886,
and probably also deposited in the Leiden herbarium, In his
1924 work he cites only Hollrung 210. The plant has been col-
lected in flower and fruit in May and July. As yet I have seen
no material of it. In previous publications I regarded the var-
iety as invalid, but it seems to me now that the characters given
for it by Lam render it sufficiently distinct to be worthy of
nomenclatural designation,

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 457

CALLICARPA PEDUNCULATA var. PSILOCALYX H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal.
Arch. 57--58. 1919.

Bibliography: H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 57--58. 1919; H.
J. Lam in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 59: 88. 1924; Moldenke, Prelim.

Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 190; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid
Names 10. 1942;-Moldenke, Résumé 26. 1959.

Lam's original (1919) description of this taxon is "c gla-
ber vel margine singulis pilis suffultus, eglandulosus". bases
it on four cotype collections, all from West Irian and probably
all deposited in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden: (1) Nyman 580

from Saedel-Mountain, altitude 750 m., collected in July 1899,
(2) Schultze 194 from Augusta River, collected in January 1913,
(3) Schultze s.n. from near Sepik River, collected on January 26,
1910, and (h) Sch Schlechter 16731 from Winds in the Hami Mountains,
at about 800 m. altitude, collected on October 27, 1907. In his
192 work Lam cites the same four collections and no others. The
plant has been collected in anthesis in January and July and in
fruit in July and October. As yet I have seen no material of it
and in previous publications did not recognize its validity.

CALLICARPA PETELOTII Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 510.
1932.

Bibliography: P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 499—
501 & 510--512. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 46. 1938;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., {[ed. 1], 59 & 87.
1942; H. Mek tls Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 76. 1948; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 136 & 177. 194,95 Anon.,
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1,35). 1958; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé 175 & yh. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 331, 333, & 335.
Es re Be

Dop (1932) describes this species as "Frutex 5--6 m. altus.
Ramuli subquadrangulares, glabri sed abundanter glandulosi. Folia
papyracea, lanceolata, basi acuta et longe attenuata, apice acuta
et longe acuminato-caudata, utrinque glabra et copiose glandulosa,
supra brunnea et subtus viridia in sicco, 13--18 cm. longa x 3--
4.5 cm. lata; nervus subtus prominens; costae 22-2) tenues, pro-
minentes, ascendentes et regulariter recurvatae ad margines;
venae paralleles; reticulationes paullo conspicuae; petiola grac-
ilia, glandulosa paullo alata, 1—2.5 cm. longa; linea interpetio-
lare conjuncta. Inflorescentiae; cymae puberulae, dichotomae,
multiflorae 2 cm. longae x 3 cm. latae; bracteae subulatae; pedun-
culi 10—-12 mm. longi; pedicelli 2 mm. longi....flores ignoti....
Fructus: drupa minima, glabra sed glandulosa, calyce truncato
glabro, glanduloso, in dimidia parte cincta, 1 mm. lata."

The species is based on Pételot 3898 and 3916, both collected
in open forests, at 1100 meters altitude, in the Massif de Tam
Dao, Tonkin, Indochina. Dop (1932) comments that "Cette espéce
insuffisamment connue, est remarquable par l'estr@&me adondance de
ses glandes. Par la forme des feuilles, la dimension et la dis-
position des cymes, elle se rapproche du C. longifolia. Par con-
tre, son ovaire glabre, ses rameaux et ses feuilles glabres ponc-

458 Peo LTO BO GT ak Vol. 21, nowiT

tués de tres nombreuses glandes la rapprochent des C. dichotoma
et C. brevipes. Peut &tre est-ce une espéce formée par hybrida-
tion, le caractére de l'ovaire glabre étant un caractére dominant!!

The plant has been collected in fruit in November.

In all, 7 herbarium specimens, including both cotype collec-
tions, and 2 mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Citations: INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Pételot 3898 (N—cotype, W—
1717034--cotype), 3916 (Bz—-18593--cotype, It—-cotype, N—cotype,
oF ui of cotype, W—1759303—cotype, Z—-photo of cotype), 6726
(N).

CALLICARPA PHANEROPHLEBIA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12:
301. 1917.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 301 &
382. 1917; E. D. Merr., Enum, Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 387. 1923; A.
W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (1942) and [ed. 2], Wl &
177. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 183 & yh. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia
15: 21. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 11. 1967; Moldenke,
Phytologia 21: 152 & 33h. 1971.

A shrub, about 2 m. tall, the younger parts distinctly stel-
late-tomentose with pale-brownish hairs, the older parts glabrous;
branches terete, brownish, glabrous; branchlets very slender, the
younger parts densely stellate-tomentose; leaves decussate=
opposite; petioles about 3 mm. long, stellate-tomentose; leaf-
blades chartaceous, olivaceous above, brownish-olivaceous beneath
(in drying), lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 11--15 cm. long, 2—
cm. wide, narrowed upwards to the very slender caudate-acuminate
apex (the acumen itself 1—-2 cm. long), prominently dentate-
serrate along the margins with somewhat apiculate teeth, obtuse
at the base, somewhat shiny and glabrous above or with the midrib
somewhat stellate-tomentose, shiny and with very numerous shiny
glands in minute pits beneath, with the midrib and sometimes the
secondaries stellate-tomentose; secondaries about 7 per side,
very prominent, arcuate-ascending, anastomosing; vein and veinlet
reticulation lax, prominent; cymes axillary, solitary, few-
flowered, very lax, to 6 cm. long and wide, dichotomously branch-
ed, more or less stellate-tomentose; peduncles about 2 cm. long;
pedicels about 0.5 mm. long, "jointed to the branchlets" (accor-
ding to Merrill); bractlets linear, 1--1.5 mm. long; calyx cupu-
liform, about 1.4 mm. long and wide, its rim truncate or very
obscurely -toothed; corolla purplish; drupes globose, about 3 mm.
in diameter, glabrous, wrinkled when dry.

The type of this species was collected by Maximo Ramos and
Gregorio E. Edafio (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 26233) in open places
along streams, at an altitude of about 50 meters, on Mount Umin-
gan, Nueva Ecija Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, on August
8, 1916, and was deposited in the herbarium of the Bureau of Sci-
ence at Manila, now unfortunately destroyed.

Merrill (1917) comments that this is "A species well character-
ized by its slenderly caudate-acuminate, prominently toothed, near-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 459

ly glabrous, very prominently nerved leaves, and its lax, few-
flowered inflorescences. It is perhaps as closely allied to Cal-
licarpa dolichophylla Merr. as to any other described species, _
but is entirely different in its vegetative and inflorescence
characters."

Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria under the names C. slegans Hayek, C. formosana
var. glabrescens Moldenke, and C. japonica var. dichotoma (Lour.)
Bakh.

Six herbarium specimens, including an isotype, have been exam—
ined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Ramos & Edaflo s.n. {Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 26333] (N--isotype). Mindanao: Ramos & Edafio
s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 49011) (Bz—-17656, Bz--17657, Ca—

CALLICARPA PILOSISSIMA Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Sb. Pétersb.
31: 75 & 76. 1886.

Synonymy: Callicarpa pillosissima Maxim. ex Lee & Keng, Tai-
wania 1 (5): 5, sphalm. 1954. Callicarpa acuminatissima Liu &
Tseng, Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 10 (2): 55. 1957 [not C. acumin-
atissima Teijsm. & Binn., 1919]. Callicarpa pilossissima Maxim.
ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962.

Bibliography: Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb. 31:
75 & 76. 1886; Maxim., M61. Biol. 12: 50h, 506, & 507. 1886;
Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin.
2]: 254. 1890; Henry, Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan 2, Suppl. 70.
1896; J. Vatsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 13: 11y--115. 1899; Durand &
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 73. 1901; Matsum. & Hayata,
Emm. Pl. 298--299. 1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 8. 1910;

J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530. 1912; H. J. Lam, Verbenac.
Mal. Arch. 58 & 65. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot.
Buitenz., sé6ér. 3, 3: 23. 1921; T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutsu Dzuset-
su [Illustr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, 7, pl. 604 (1927) and ed. 2,

7, pl. 60h. 1928; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 350. 1928; Yamamo-
to, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Formos. 6: 554-555. 193); Kanehira,
Formos. T,ees, ed. 2, 645—6)6 & 716, fig. 602. 1936; Durand &
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 73. 19; Moldenke, Known
Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1}, 56, 57, & 87. 1942; Moldenke,
Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 11: 49. 197; Moldenke, Alph. List
Cit. h: 985 & 1136. 1919; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139 & 140. 199;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 131, 133, 146,
& 177. 1919; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 260, 261,
291, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia : 75 & 122. 1952; Lee &
Keng, Taiwania 1 (5): 5. 1954; Liu & Tseng, Quart. Journ. Taiwan
Mus. 10 (2): 55--56, pl. 1 & 2. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 73. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 168, 172, 187, 19h,

& hhh. 1959; Liu, Illustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2:

1202 & 1210, pl. 1010 & 1018. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3:

30. 1962; Li, Woody Pl. Taiwan 818, 819, & 9. 1963; Moldenke,

4,60 PH Y-T-O LOrGot se Vol. 21, no. 7

Phytologia 13: 99 (1966) and 14: 141 & 142. 1966; G. Taylor, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. "16: 26. 1968;
Molcenke, Phytologia 21: 109. 1971.

Illustrations: T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutsu Dzusetsu [Illustr.
Formos. Pl.], ed. 1, pl. "604 (1927) and ed. 2, pl. 60h. 1928; Ka-
nehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 646, fig. 602. 1936; Liu & Tseng,
Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 10: pl. 1 & 2. 1957; Liu, Illustr. Nat.
& Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: pl. 1010 & 1018. 1962.

The original description of this species by Maximowicz (1886)
is "Pilis setosis gilvis patentibus ad ramulos petiolos cymas et
paginam inferiorem foliorum dense hirsuta, foliis breve petiola-
tis ex lineari oblongolanceolatis sensim longe acuminatis basi
subcordatis obsolete serrulatis, superne pilis albidis brevioribus
dense molliter pubescentibus; pedunculis petiolos duplo superan-
tibus, cymis divaricatobifidis densiusculis, calyce hispido ob-
tuse dentato, corollae glabrae lobis tubo apice dilatato plus
triplo brevioribus, staminibus corollam stylumque leviter bilobum
triplo superantibus. Formosa (Oldham! n. 387. flor. ). Similis
Callicarpa angustae Schauer (Cuming! n no. ~ 1425) e Philippinis,
quae tamen differt pube, foliis subtus incanis basi cuneatis,
corolla extus tomentosa; nec non Callicarpa caudatae n., cujus
diagnosim inserere liceat."

Recent collectors describe this plant as a bush or shrub, 2—3
m. tall, the corollas pale-purple or violet, inhabiting mountains
and woods, to 600 m. altitude, flowering in February, September,
and December, fruiting in September. Wilson reports it "abundant
in forests" on Formosa. Vernacular names reported for it are
"8ng-bin nafig-chiong-kun", "aoge-murasaki", "hosoba-murasaki",
"kyabazyu-bazyu", "narrow-leaved beauty-berry", "rakabo", and
"Taiwan beauty-berry". The corollas on Gressitt 2h7 are described
as "pale-purple" and those on T. Kaudern an as "violet". The
C. acuminatissima Teijsm. & Binn., referred to in the synonymy a=
bove, is the name-bringing synonym of Geunsia acuminatissima
(Tei jem. & Binn.) H. J. Lam.

Henry (1896) cites A. Henry 267, Matsumura (1699) cites Owa-
tari s.n. and Tashiro 18a, while Matsumura & Hayata (1906) cite
Hayata s. 5.N., Kawakami s.n., Miyake s.n., Owatari s.n., and Tash-
iro s.n. Chang (1951) cites ; Oldham 387 (the type) and Tanaka & &
Shimada ada 1319, but the latter is re regarded by me as representing
var. henryi yi Yamamoto. Li (1963) does not regard Yamamoto's vari-
ety as distinct and cites Faurie 1468, Gressitt 2h7 & 267, A.

a gees ee es ee ef

ham 387, Owatari s.n., Price hl, Suzuki 19262 & s.n., Tanaka _
5477, Tanaka & Shimada 13419, Tashiro A.18, and E. H. Wilson
969 & 1 11088. All these collections are from Formosa, and Matsu-
mura & Hayata (1906) actually assert that the species is endemic
to that island.

Lam (1919) asserts that the species is related to C. caudata

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 461

Maxim., C. macrophylla Vahl, C. mudiflora Hook. & Arn., C. pedun-
culata R. | Br., and C. rubella Lindl. Bakhuizen van den Brink
(1921) reduces it to. synonymy under what he calls C. cuspidata
Roxb. (which I regard as C. pedunculata R. Br.), but this is mam

ifestly incorrect.

Material of C. pilosissima has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in herbaria under the names C. cuspidata Roxb., C. longifolia
Lam., and C. rubella Lindl. On the other hand, the Kanehira &
Suzuki s.n. . [Herb. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 21012], Keng s.n. $.n. a oe
Wilson 9649 & 11088, 088, distributed and cited by some aan as
typical Cc. mG pllbeineian, are all actually var. henryi Yamamoto.

In all, 20 herbarium specimens of the typical form of this spe-
cies have been examined by me.

Citations: FORMOSA: Gressitt 247 (S)3 A. Henry 267 (N); Oldham
387 (S--isotype); E. H. Wilson 12088 (Phi). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS:
Celebes: Bish 69 (Bz—17529); . Bloemberge 4165 (Bz—17527); T.
Kaudern 2), 2 (S)5 W. Kaudern 313 (S); Kjellb 3889 (S), 3890 (Bz—
17528, S); Pijl 775 (Bz—-17526); Rachmat 206 (Bz—17532, Ba—
17533), 388 (Bz—-1753h), 994 (Bz—17530, Bz—17531). Sumatra:
Biinnemei jer 5646 (Bz—-17558, Bu—17559, Ut--58350).

CALLICARPA PILOSISSIMWA var. HENRYI Yamamoto, Journ. Soc. Trop.
Agr. Formos. 6: 554—555. 193k.

Bibliography: Yamamoto, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Formos. 6: 554—
555. 193i; Moldenke, Bol. *Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 11: 49. 197;
Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenac., ed. 2], 133 & 177. 1919; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Anal.
Inst. Biol. Mex. 20: . 1950; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:
280, 292, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia lh: 75. 1952; Moldenke,
Résumé 168, 172, & uhh. 1959.

Yamamoto's original (193) description of this variety is
"*Callicarpa sp. nov. in Sched. Herb. Bort. Bot. Nov. Eborac. Ramus
tenuiter, ubique villosus. Folia petiolata, elongato- vel lineari-
lanceolata, 15--22 cm longa, 2.5—-3.5 cm lata, apice sensim lineari-
acuminata vel longe caudata et ad summum obtusa, basi obtusissima
vel rotundata raro subcordata, margine minute serrata, supra pagina
plus minusve purpurascentia, subtus pallida, utrinque pubescentia,
supra ad costam et venas dense villosissima; petiolis brevibus 5 m
longis ubique villosissimis. Cymae divericatae, pedunculis petiolo
triplo superantibus molliter hirsutis,."

The type of the variety was collected by Augustine Henry (no.
120) at Bankinsing, Formosa, and is deposited in the Britton Herba-
rium at the New York Botanical Garden. Yamamoto (193) cites also
Yamamoto 2366 from Mount Rugatsuzan and comments that "This varie-
ty differs from the species in having thinner longer petioled
leaves which are not as densely pubescent as the form Maximowicz
described". He records the vernacular name "usuba-murasakishikibu".

462 PSHOY. TOF L010 1G Vol. 21, no. 7

Recent collectors describe this plant as a semi-woody bush, 2—
5 m. tall, the stems to 7 cm. in diameter, the corollas pale-
purple (Gressitt 247), pink (Lau 20149), or pinkish (Keng s.n.),
and the fruit purple [or white?]. It has been found in flower in
February, June, July, and October, and in fruit in January, June,
October, and November, at 550 m. altitude, inhabiting roadsides.
Wilson reports it as "common" or "abundant in forests" on Formosa.
Vernacular names are the one previously mentioned and "mai tap
kong".

Chang (1951) cites only the type collection, A. Henry 120.
Gressitt makes the very ambiguous statement "fruit purple, white"
-- exactly what he means by this is not clear.

Material of this variety has often been misidentified and dis-
tributed in herbaria as typical C. pilosissima Maxim. or under
the cheironymous misspelling "C. pilossissima Maxim."

In all, 17 herbarium specimens, including the type collection,
and one mounted photograph of this variety have been examined by
me.

Citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: Lau 20149 (Bz--1859), N). FOR-
MOSA: Gressitt 27 (N); A. Henry 120 (N--isotype); Kanehira & Su-
zuki s.n. [Herb. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 21012] (W--photo); H. Keng s.

n. [Kangu, Oct. 26, 1950] (W--2036069); Simada 5207 (Ca—-35487) ;
Tanaka & Shimada 13h19 (B, Ca--517688, Go, La, Mi, N, S, W—
1579780); E. H. Wilson 969 (W--1052829), "11088 (W—109261h) ;

Yamamoto 2366 (. (N).

CALLICARPA PLATYPHYLLA Merr., Philip. Bur. Govt. Lab. Bull. 29:
57--58. 1905.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 13: 57--
58. 1918; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 387. 1923; A.
W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (192) and "Ted. 2], le
177. 1949; Moldenke, résumé 183 & lyk. 1959.

Merrill's original (1918) description of this species is as
follows: "A tree about 8 m. high, the branches 1 cm. in diameter
or less, glabrous, somewhat angled, the branchlets densely
puberulent with pale dirty brown indumentum. Leaves subcoriace-
ous, oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, entire, slenderly sub-
caudate-acuminate, base acute, 35 to 50 cm. long, 18 to 20 cm.
wide, the upper surface glabrous, olivaceous, shining, the lower
very densely covered with minute matted, pale, puberulent hairs,
the individual hairs not evident under an ordinary lens; lateral
nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on
the lower surface as are the subparallel primary reticulations,
curved, anastomosing; petioles stout, densely puberulent, angled,
to Ph cm. long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, rather densely

stellate-—pubescent with pale hairs, dichotomous, about 7 cm long
and 9 cm wide, the bracts linear-lanceolate, h to 5 mn long, the
bracteoles numerous, similar to the bracts but about 1 mm long.
Calyx truncate, cup-shaped, 3 mm in diameter, glabrous or nearly

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 463

so. Fruits globose, about 3.5 mm in diameter."

The species is based on Philip. Forest. Bur. 26967, collected
by José Maria Velasco in forests, at about 50 meters altitude, at
Pamplona, Cagayan Province, Luzon, Philippines, on August 9, 1917,
and was deposited in the herbarium of the Philippine Byreau of
Science at Manila before its destruction during World War II.
Merrill comments that this is "A most remarkable species, well
characterized by its very large, entire, slenderly acuminate
leaves, which are glabrous above and densely matted puberulent on
the lower surface with a pale-brownish, shining non-stellate in-
dumentum; glands, if present, are entirely obscured by the indu-
mentum."

So far I have seen only one herbarium specimen and 2 mounted
photogravhs of this species.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Edaflo s.n. [Herb. Philip.

Bur. Sci. 79528] (Bz--18595, N--photo, Z--photo) .

CALLICARPA PLUMOSA Quisumb. & Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 37: 196—
197. 1928.

Synonymy: Callicarpa plumosa Merr. & Quisumb. ex Moldenke, Rés-
umé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 37: 196--197.
1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Moldenke, Known
Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (192) and [ed. 2],
141 & 173. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 183 & hh. 1959; Moldenke, Ré-
aa Suppl. 3: 19, 21, & 30. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 179.
1966.

Merrill's original (1928) description of this species in its
English version is as follows: "A shrub about 2 m high; the
branchlets and the lower surface of the leaves densely stellate-
tomentose with rather soft, plumose and stellate hairs; branches
terete or somewhat compressed at the nodes, pale grayish, the
plumose indumentum castaneous. Leaves subcoriaceous, lanceolate,
21 to 34 cm long, 6 to 10 cm wide, entire, narrowed upward to the
more or less falcate apex, acutely acuminate, base acute, the up-
per surface green, smooth, glabrous, the lower surface densely
pale stellate-pubescent, not at all glandular, the indumentum on
the midrib and nerves plumose, more or less castaneous; lateral
nerves distant, 9 or 10 on each side of the midrib, very promin-
ent, curved, the reticulations distinct; petioles densely tomen-
tose, 2 to 3 cm long. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, dichotomous,
very densely castaneous-plumose-tomentose, pedunculate, 3.5 to
5.5 cm long; flowers somewhat crowded, their pedicels 0.5 to 1 m
long; calyx membranaceous, cup-shaped, shortly l-lobed, densely
stellate-plumose, 1.5 to 1.75 mm long and 1.5 to 1.75 cm in dian-
eter; corolla membranaceous, l-lobed, 3.5 to 3.75 mm long, the
lobes 0.75 mm long, about 1 mm wide, oblong-ovate, subacute; sta-
mens , exserted, 5.5 to 6 mm long; anthers oblong, about 1.25
mm long; the filaments very slender; style very slender, about 6
mm long. Fruit globose, glabrous, about 2.5 mm in diameter,
surrounded for about two-thirds of its length by the calyx."

6), P.IY fT O.L.0.6 2 4 Vol. 21, Ddliset

The type of this species was collected by Maximo Ramos and
Gregorio E. Edafio along forested streams, at about 00 meters al-
titude, at San Mariano, in Isabela Province, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, and is Philip. Bur. Sci. 46928, deposited in the herbar-
ium of ‘she Philippine Bureau of Science at Manila, now destroyed.
Merrill comments (1928): "A species characterized. by its lanceo-
late, entire leaves, which are green and glabrous above and
densely pale stellate-pubescent beneath, the indumentum on its
branchlets, and inflorescences being plumose and castaneous."

Recent collectors describe the plant as 2 m. tall, the stems
h--6 cm. in diameter, the corollas yellow [Herb. Philip. Bur.
Sci. 46928], the stamens whitish-blue [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
4.7121], the pollen yellow, and the fruit violet. It has been

found growing in secondary forests at low altitudes and along
forest streams, to 00 m, altitude, flowering in February, March,
and August, and fruiting in February. Material has been misiden-
tified and distributed in herbaria as C. erioclona Schau.

In all, 10 herbarium specimens, including the type collection,
and 2 mounted photographs of this species have been examined by
me.

Citations: INDOCHINA: Cochinchina: Pierre 5227 (Ca—5l670).
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: M. K, Clemens 16799 (Ca—285),01) ;
Haenke 81 (Ca--28093h) ; Loher 12347 (Ca--229196, Ca——2l3060) ;
Ramos | & . Edafio s.n. [Herb. Phi Philip. Bur. Sci. 46928] (B—isotype,
Bz--17576--isotype, Ca—-32989l--isotype, N--isotype, N—photo of
isotype, Z--photo of isotype), s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci.
47121) (ca—-3097L6) «

CALLICARPA POILANEI Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 6)* 502--
503. 1932.

Bibliography: P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 6): 500,
502--503, 511, & 512. 1932; P. Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-
Chine : 787. 1935; A. We Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: h6. 1938;
Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. "1938: 412 & 413. 1938; Worsdell,
Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 1941; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenac., (ed. 1], 59 & 87. 1942; H. N. "ee A. L. Moldenke, Pl.
Life 2: 77. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed.
2higeAh:36i5: 237, & 178. 199; "Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 380. 1950;
Anon., Dain Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1435). 1958; Molden-
ke, Résumé 175, 177, & ly. 1959; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index
1929-1956, 59. "1959.

Dop (1932) describes this plant as follows: "Frutex vel arbor
5--6 m. altus. Ramuli subquadrangulares tenuiter ferrugineo
tomentoso stellato obtecti. Folia paullo coriacea, elliptico-
oblonga, basi acuta et paullo decurrentia, obtusa vel acuta et
abrupte acuminato—caudata apice, sinuato-denticulata vel sinuato-
dentata, supra sparse pubescentia pilis stellatis in juventute,
adulta glabra et brunnea in sicco, subtus tenuissimo tomento ap-
primo griseo vel albido et nonnullis pilis stellatis erectis ob-
tecta, 20--28 cm. longa x 5--7,5 cm. lata; nervus gracilis, teres,

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 65

subtus valde prominens; costae 18-22, primum rectilineares, de-
inde abrupte recurvatae et ascendentes; venae subparalleles; re-
ticulationes conspicuae; petiola 18—-25 mm. longa, cum crista
prominente conjuncta. Inflorescentiae: cymae stellato-pubescen-
tes, dichotomiae, multiflorae, 2--3 cm. longae et latae; bracteae
minimae; pedunculi 8--10 mm. longi; pedicelli 1 mm. longi; flores
mm, longi. —- Calyx truncatus, valde stellato-tomentosus, 2 mm.
longus, dentibus ) minutissimis - Corolla basi valde coarctata
deinde late dilatata, extus valde stellato-tomentosa, mm. longa;
tubus amplus, 3 m. longus; lobi rotundati, 1 m. longi. Stam-
ina ; filamenta corollam aequantia et basi inserta; antherae ex-
sertae, valde dorsum glandulosae. Ovarium fere glabrum, glandu-
losum; stylus stamina aequans; stigma capitatum. — Fructus:
drupa nigra, glabra, 3 mm. lata.”

The species is based on Poilane 8265 from Annam, Chevalier
31781, Harmand s.n., and Poilane ilane 17611 . from Cambodia, Pierre 5226
from Cochinchina, and Pierre s.n. from Thailand. Dop (1932) com=
ments that "Cette espéce est trés voisine du C. angustifolia
King et Gamble......dont elle se rapproche par la cr&te inter-
oétiolaire. La structure de la fleur est la méme, avec cependant
une différence importante. Dans C. Poilanei l'ovaire est presque

glabre, tandis qu'il est villeux dans l'espece de King et Gamble.
Des différences plus facilement visibles s'accusent dans la forme
des feuilles et leur revStement. Dans mon espéce les feuilles
sont elliptiques-oblongues et non lancéolées, aigués et non lon-
guement attenuées a la base, brusquement acuminées-caudées et non
aigués-attemuées au sommet. Presque entieres dans l'espéce de
King et Gamble les feuilles de C. Poilanei sont sinuées-denticu-
1ées et m&me abondamment sinuées-dentées. Enfin le tomentum da
la face inférieure est beaucoup plus fin que dans C. angusti-
folia."

In all, 9 herbarium specimens of this species, including co-
type collections, have been examined by me.

Citations: THAILAND: Pierre s.n. [Luang, 8/1868] (B--cotype,
N--cotype, S--cotype). INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Poilane 17611 (W—
2496741--cotype). Cochinchina: Pierre 5226 (B--cotype, Ca—
38112-cotype, Ca--54655--cotype), sn. {on montibus Dinh] (B).
Tonkin: Pételot 6922 (N).

CALLICARPA PRINGLEI Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 1, 4: 345—
346. 1896.
Synonymy: Callicarpa americana Sessé & Moc., Pl. Nou. Hisp.
2: 18. 1893 [not C. americana Blanco, 188, nor Hort., 1936, nor
L., 1753, nor Lam., 1966, nor Lour., 179), nor Roxb., 1945, nor
Thunb., 1926, nor Willd., 1820]. Callicarpa pringleii Briq. ex
Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names 2, in syn. 191. Callicarpa
riglei Briq. ex H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 77, sphalm.

Bibliography: Sessé & Moc., Pl. Nou. Hisp. 2: 18. 1893; Briq.,

66 Pe PTO: Ty.0 Gy trek Vol. 21, nowg

Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 1, : 345--346 & 92h. 1896; Thiselt.-
Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 32. 1904; P. C. Standl., Contrib. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 23: 1253. 192; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov.
39: 301 (1936) and O: 3--l5, 57, 120, 123, 127, 128, & 130.
1936; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 13. 1939; Moldenke, Pre-
lim. Alph. List Invalid Names 9. 19,0; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Publ. 522: 198--200. 1940; Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid
Names 2. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1],
16 & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 8 & 10. 192;
Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 227, 229, 301, 302, 306, 307, 311, &
316. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 77. 1948; Molden-
ke, Castanea 13: 11). 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 339, 18,
21, 26, 435, & 467 (19485, 3: 656, 785, 786, 807, 829, & 925
(1949), and h: 1019, 1026, 1028, 1053, & 1111. 19,9; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 28, 3h, & 178. 199;
Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 51. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 3h, 0, 2h],
2h6, & - 1959; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex.
1010. 196; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 6. 1966; Moldenke, Phyto-
logia lh: 433, 43h, 439, W75, & 476 (1966), Ik: 107, 101, & 191
(1966), and 16: 367. 1968; Marroquin, Cuad. Inst. Invest. Client.
14: 13. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 88 (1971) and 21: 50,
102, & 385. 1971; J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl. n.d.

Detailed descriptions and discussions of this species have
been given by me in previous publications. Recent collectors de-
scribe it as a large shrub, 5 m. tall, with white corollas
[Moore 3392, Pennell 17918], growing in mixec woods, low tropi-
cal woods, tropical forests, and on rocky limestone areas, at al-
titudes of 50 to 1200 meters. Trey have found it in flower from
June to August and in fruit in June and August.

Standley (192)) distinguishes it from the very closely related
and perhaps conspecific C. acuminata H.B.K. as follows:

Leaves persistently but minutely stellate—pubescent on the upper
SUPLACE 1. cece cc ccccceccccccscccccccsccscoscesce acuminata.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface except when very
YOUNZ oo ccccccccccccccccccceccscccccsccccsssccesele pringlei.

As I have stated in previous publications, it is probable
that Briquet's plant deserves no more than varietal or form sta-
tus under C. acuminata, since so many intermediate specimens ex—
ist. Gaumer, in fact, suggested "C. acuminata H.B.K. form?" on
the labels of one of his collections.

The type of C. americana Sessé & Moc. is Sessé, Mocifio, Cas=
tillo, & Maldonado 519 [ic. no. 293], deposited in the Madrib
herbarium.

It should be pointed out here that the C. americana of Linnae-
us, referred to in the synonymy above, is a valic species, with
the homonyms attributed to Lamarck, to Roxburgh, and to Willdenow
as synonyms, while the C. americana of Blanco is C. formosana
Rolfe, that of Loureiro is C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr., that
attributed to Thunberg is C. japonica Thunb., and that attributed
to horticultural origin is C. longifolia Lam.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 67

The Arrington s.n. [27.IX.196h], H. E. Moore 3392, and Rzedow-
ski 10345 & 10689a, distributed as c. pringlei, are all better
placed in typical C. acuminata H. B.K.

In all, 78 herbarium specimens of C. pringlei, including the
type collection, and 36 mounted photographs have been examined by

me.
Additional & emended citations: MEXICO: San Luis Potosf: Ken-

oyer s.n. [Valles, 8-39] (Mi); LeSueur 425 (Au); Edw. Palmer 123
(Ca--14859)), 251 (Cm, Me, Mi, Mi--photo) ; F. W. Pennell 17918
(Me, N, N, W—-1608)1); Pringle 3094 (Br—isotype, Ca--10992—-
isdtype, Ga-isbtype, Ed--isotype, M Me--isotype, Me--isotype, Mm—
15348--isotype, ¥s—-309)--isotype, \u--1738--isotype, Ob—50625—
isotype, P--isotype, Pa--isotype, Po—63852—isotype, Vt—-isotype,
Vu--isotype) ; J. Rzedowski 7766 (Ip). Yucatan: Gaumer & sons
23886 (Us). State undetermined: Kenoyer & Crum 3622 [Ocampo]
(Mi); Sessé, Mocifio, Castillo, & Maldonado 519 [Patzahumacachi,

El Espinal; ic. no. 293] a oy F--850366, N—photo, Q, Z--
photo).

rae PSEUDORUBELLA Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 287—288.
1951.

Bibliography: H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 271, 279,
287--288, & 311. 1951; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 21. 1966;
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 14: 3. 1966.

Shrub, 1m. tall; branchlets terete, the youngest ones stel-
late-pubescent, the older ones sparsely puberulent; internodes
2--2.5 cm. long; leaves manifestly petiolate; petioles 3——5 m.
long, stellate-pubescent; leaf-blades oblong or elliptic-oblong,
u--5.5 cm. long, 1.5--2 cm. wide, acute at the apex, crenate-
serrulate along the upper 3/) of the margins, subrounded to ob-
tuse at the base, yellow-punctate on both surfaces, green and
puberulent above, paler anc sparsely pubescent beneath, stellate-
pubescent along the midrib and secondaries, the midrib and the 5
or 6 secondaries per side obscure above and prominulent beneath;
cymes 1.5 cm. in diameter, 3 times dichotomous; peduncles thick,
8--10 mm. long, stellate-pubescent; bractlets subulate, 2.5 m.
long; calyx 1 mm. long, minutely puberulent with simple hairs,
its teeth inconspicuous; corolla rose-purple, minutely puberu—
lent like the calyx, its tube 1.5 mm. long, the lobes broadly
ovate, 0.7 mm. long; stamens exserted; filaments 3 mm. long; an-
thers 0.8 mm. long, punctate, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary
glabrous or sparsely punctate; style 5 mm. long; fruit 2 m, in
diameter.

This species was based by Chang on S. Y. Lau 201\9, collected
at Canton, Kwangtung, China, in 1932, and | deposited 1 in the her-
bariun of the Botanical Institute of Sunyatsen University in
Canton. He compares the species with C. rubella f. crenata P'ei
and C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch, but, unfortunately only in
Chinese characters and apparently cites no other material. It

L68 PeteY Th OuieO GC, Tak Vol. 21, nos 7
is known to me only from his original description.

CALLICARPA PSILOCALYX C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. ):
569-570. 1885.

Synonymy: Callicarpa pilocalyx Clark ex Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan
821, sphalm. 1963.

Bibliography: C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 569—
570. 1885; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386.
1893; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, 525. 1902; Hayata, Journ.
Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1): [Mater. Fl. Formos.] 220. 1911;
Rehd. in C. S. Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 367. 1916; Bakh. in Lam &
Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 23. 1921; Fletcher,
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 412 & 15. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 54, 55, 59, & 87. 1942; Jacks. in Hook.
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 196; Moldenke, Known Ge-
ogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 125, 128, 137, & 178. 199; A-
non., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 59. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé
160, 165, 177, & 4k. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind.
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 31).
1961; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 821. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 8:
3. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 57 & 142 (1966) and 16: 373.
1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 9. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia
212-201) 202.) & 108.’ 1971.

Clarke's original (1885) description of this plant is "arbor-
escent, leaves elliptic acuminate denticulate mature nearly gla-
brous, cymes small short-peduncled stellately villous, calyx men—
branous in flower glandular scarcely hairy. Khasia Mts., alt. h-
5000 ft.; Wallich, J. D. H., &c. A small tree; branchlets dense-
ly stellate-tomentose. Leaves 8 by 2 3/h in., or 21/2 by 1 in.,
base rounded or cuneate thinly membranous, mature with scattered
stellate hairs on the midrib beneath, tertiary venation close
prominent, glands minute scattered; petiole 1/8 --1/ in. Ped-
uncles mostly very short; cymes usually few-fld.; pedicels some-
times pink. Calyx 1/2) in., minutely )-toothed, greenish or
pinkish minutely gland-dotted, with a few scattered hairs when
young whiteish or membranous in fruit. Corolla pink. Fruit
scarcely 1/12 in. diam. — C. longifolia Benth, Fl. Hongk. 270
(not of Lamk.), in the glabrous calyx, inflorescence, and struc-
ture of leaves comes very near this; but in that the leaves are
linear-lanceolate, and the fruit very much larger."

Bentham's plant, referred to above, is now regarded a being C.
longissima (Hems1.) Merr. eT

Recent collectors describe C. psilocalyx as a straggling
shrub or small tree, about 2 m. tall, the corollas pink-violet or
purple. They have found it growing in wet evergreen forests, at
altitudes of 00—600 meters, flowering in May and August, fruit-
ing in August. Smitinand describes it as "common in evergreen
jungles" in Thailand. Deb (1961) records it from Manipur, India.
The corolla is describes as "purple" on Smitinand 837 and as
"pink-violet" on Larsen, Santisuk, & Warncke 3232.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 69

Rehder (1916) asserts that C. psilocalyx is related to C. bod-
inieri var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., differing from that taxon
"chiefly in its densely pubescent branchlets, in its long-acumin-
ate leaves usually obtuse or rounded at the base, shorter petioles,
smaller inflorescences, and in the filaments scarcely exceeding
the corolla-lobes"., Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) reduces it
to what he calls C. cuspidata Roxb., while Fletcher (1938) cites

actually C. longifolia Lam.

In all, 4 herbarium specimens of C. psilocalyx have been ex-
amined by me.

Citations: THAILAND: Dee 1009 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 23036]
(Z); Larsen, Santisuk, & Warncke 3232 (Ac), 3236 (Ac); Smitinand

4837 (N)«

CALLICARPA RAMIFLORA Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3: 262--263.
1908.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3: 262—
263 (1908) and 7: 339. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 3h.
1913; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 7, 62--63, 83, & 362.
1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3:
11. 1921; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 387. 1923; Mol-
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 62 & 87 (192) and
[ed. 2], 141 & 178. 1949; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 2, 3h.
1958; Moldenke, Résumé 163 & hi. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1):
145 (1966) and 16: 366. 1968; Van Steenis, Blumea 15: 151. 1969.

A small tree, )—-5 m. tall; trunk )-——-5 cm. in diameter at
breast height; branches stout, terete, gray, glabrate; branchlets
ferruginous-floccose or -hirsute; leaves opposite, petiolate;
petioles 1--3.5 cm. long, ferruginous-floccose or very densely
ferruginous-hirsute; leaf-blades subchartaceous or subcoriaceous,
elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic to broadly ovate or rotundate,
about 30 cm. long, 15--20 cm. wide, somewhat abruptly short-acum-
inate at the apex, crenate-denticulate or obscurely denticulate
along the margins except near the base, acute or rounded at the
base, glabrous above when mature except for the ferruginous-
pubescent midrib and larger venation, more or less densely stel-
late-tomentose beneath; secondaries 12--l) per side, prominent
beneath; veinlet reticulation very distinct; cymes small, fasic-
ulate, congested, (pseudo—)cauliflorous, in the axils of the
branchlets or of fallen leaves on older branches, 1--1.5 cm. long,
ferruginous-floccose or densely hirsute; peduncles 3 mm. long;
calyx subtubular, mm. long, densely hairy with simple hairs or
stellate-villous, glandulose, somewhat scaly, its rim -toothed;
corolla pinkish-blue or white, its tube 5 mm. long, glabrous be-
low, the upper portion and the lobes densely hairy and glandulose
with simple hairs, the lobes , oblong, 2 mm. long, obtuse at the
apex; stamens ||, yellow; filaments mm. long; anthers 2 mm. long,
glandular-dotted; style 6 mm. long; stigma capitate, distinctly

4,70 Eon Yh o, Or errs Vol. 21, no. 7

h-lobed; drupes "green" [when immature], produced on the trunk up
to the branches.

This species is based on Mrs. Clemens 1167 from Camp Keithley,
Lake Lanzo, Mindanao, Philippine Islands, collected in September,
1907, and s.n. collected at the same locality in July, 1907, both
deposited in the herbarium of the Philippine Byreau of Science at
Manila, but now unfortunately destroyed. Merrill (1908) comments
that this is "A species well characterized by its large leaves,
and fascicled, congested, short cymes which are from the branches
below the leaves."

Lam (1919) cites M. Ramos 15278 from Dagana, Leyte, Philippine
Islands, and states that the species grows also on M;ndanao. He
asserts that it is related to C. cauliflora Merr., which he dis-
tinguishes in his key by its leaf—blades being acute or cuneate
to attenuate at the base. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) reduces
Cc. ramiflora to the synonymy of what he calls C. pentandra var.
typica f. hexandra Bakh. [now known as Geunsia - hexandra (Teijsm.
& Binn.) Koord.], under which name specimens imens have been misidenti-
fied and distributed in herbaria.

Callicarpa ramiflora has been found growing along forest
streams, at an altitude of 1000 meters, flowering in August, and
fruiting in November and December. The fruits mounted in a separ—
ate packet on Ramos & Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 7533]
in the herbarium of the Uni University of California at Berkeley may
not belong to this plant; the corollas of this collection are
described as "pinkish-blue", but Lam (1919) avers that in the
species under discussion here they are "white",

The M. Ramos s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 4150], cited under
C. cauliflora Merr. in the present series of notes, bears a strik-
ing resemblance to C. ramiflora.

In all, 6 herbarium specimens of C. ramiflora have been examin-
ed by me. Pat P5 7 el

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Catanduanes: M. Ramos s.n.
[Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 30275] (Bz—-18556, W--129007h); Ramos &
Edafio s.n. [Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 7533] (Bz--18553, Ca——l4)9130,
N, N, Ut--62hla).

CALLICARPA RANDAIENSIS Hayata ex Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 8h,
hyponym. 1910; Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1):
(Mater. Fl. Formos.] 222--223. 1911.

Synonymy: Callicarpa parvifolia Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ.
Tokyo 30 (1): 222. 1911 [not C. parvifolia Hook. & Arn., 1838].
Callicarpa parviflora Hayata apud Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 823, sphalm.
1963.

Bibliography: Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 8. 1910; Hayata,
Journ, Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1): [Mater. Fl. Formos.] 222--
223. 1911; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530. 1912; Hayata,
Icon. Pl. Formos. 2: 126, pl. 37 & 38. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 471

Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36: 23. 1922;
T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl.], ed. 1,
605 (1927) and ed. 2, 605. 1928; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 350.
1928; Stapf, Icon. Bot. Ind. Lond. 1: 526. 1929; L. H. Bailey,
Cat. Florists Handl. Verbenac. n.p. 1935; Kanehira, Formos.
Trees, ed. 2, 646-67 & 716, fig. 603. 1936; Moldenke, Prelim.
Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 190; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1:
160. 1941; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 10. 192; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 57 & 87 (1942) and [ed.
2), 133 & 178. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270,
280, 29h, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 172, 245, & hh. 1959;
Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia
8: 57. 1961; Liu, Illustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2:
1209 & 1211, pl. 1017 & 1019. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3:
18. 1962; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt.
Bot. A.5: 45. 1962; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 823. 1963; Moldenke,
Phytologia 1): 167. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 3 &
(1966) and 15: 17. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 39 (1967) and
21: 213 & 333. 1971.

Illustrations: Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 2: pl. 37 & 38. 1912;
T. It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos, Pl.], ed. 1,
605 (1927) and ed. 2, 605. 1928; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2,
647, fig. 603. 1936; Liu, Ijlustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Tai-
wan 2: pl. 1017 & 1019. 1962.

Bush or shrub, 2--3.5 m. tall; trunk to about 1.25 cm. in di-
ameter; branches whitish-gray or reddish-gray, slender, glabrous
or subglabrous, lenticellate; branches slender, divaricate,
stellate-tomentose or very short-pubescent; lenticels elevated;
leaves opposite, petiolate, exstipulate, the young ones stellate-
tomentose; petioles 3--10 mm. long, very short-tomentose; leaf-
blades oblong-lanceolate, .5--10 cm. long, 1—3 cm. wide, acum-
inate at the apex, obtuse or acute at the base, serrate or serru-
late with apiculate teeth along the margins except toward the en-
tire apex and base, darkened above in drying, glabrate on both
surfaces except for the very short—pubescent or stellate-tomen-
tose midrib and larger veins, paler beneath and very sparsely
stellate-pilose or short-pubescent, glandulose with minute shiny
yellow punctiform glands on the lamina and with scattered minute
impressed glands near the base and midrib; cymes axillary, about
twice as long as the subtending petiole, few-branched, the
branches short and divaricate; peduncles about 1.5 cm. long;
bractlets narrow, subulate, father thick, mimte, about 1.5 m
long; pedicels 1--2 mm, long; calyx campanulate or campanulate-
cupuliform, 1.5--2 mm. long, glandular—pulverulent externally,
the rim irregularly and broadly triangular-dentate to 3- or l-
lobed, the teeth or lobes obtuse or acute at the apex; corolla
pink or purple, to 5.5 mm. long, tubular-campanulate, glandular-
pulverulent and yellow-dotted on the outside or glabrous, the
tube about mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the limb 5-lobed, the
lobes about 1.5 mm. long, spreading, rounded; stamens , about 7
mm. long, attached at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments

472 PRY T20 LOG" es Vol. 21, no. 7

filiform, about 6.5 mm. long; anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide, truncate at the apex, sagittate at the base; style
dilated above, filiform, about 8 mm. long; stigma dilated, broad-
ly 2-fid or 2-lobed; ovary globose or ovoid, about 1.5 mm, long,
attenuate at the apex, densely yellow-dotted; fruit at first
green, later purple or violet, round.

This species is based on Ue Mori 7023 from Randaizan, Formosa,
collected in August, 1908, while Cc. parvifolia Hayata iS based on
Kawakami & Mori 2879 from Daimari, , Taite, Formosa. The species
has been found growing in pierces and Pa and on mountain-
tops, at altitudes of 1165 to 2600 meters, flowering in June, July,
and September, and fruiting in July, September, October, and De-
cember. Vernacular names recorded for it are "Luanta beauty-
berry", "randai-murasaki", and "small-leaved beauty-berry". Hay-
ata (1911) says that it is "near Callicarpa japonica Thunb., from
which the present plant differs in having lanceolate leaves. Al-
so near C. gracilis Sieb. et Zucc. and C. elegans Hayek, but dif-
fers from the former by the more conspicuously serrulate leaves,
and from the latter, in having less acuminate, more hairy, leaves
and larger flowers."

Nakai (1922) is of the opinion that "Callicarpa parvifolia is
a young branch of C. randaiensis having still folding leaves and
very young flower-buds. This species is very closely related to
C. japonica, only differing by the slenderer stalks and narrower
leaves."

Bailey (1935) states that C. randaiensis is offered to the
horticultural trade by a nurseryman in Taihoku.

Hui-Lin Li (1963) reduces the species to synonymy under C. ja-
ponica var. angustata Rehd., saying "The reduction of C. randai-
ensis Hayata is made on the basis of the type and the original
description. Callicarpa parviflora Hayata has been previously
reduced to the synonymy of C. randaiensis by Kanehira." He cites

Mori 7023 (which he says is the type pe collection), Kanehiea 2878,
Kawakami & Mori 2878 & 2879, Matuda 197 & s.n., Suzuki 6986 & 8 & Ss.
n., and E. H. H. Wilson 10848. Chang Chang (1951) cites nos. 3047 & 72751
from Formosa, but the collectors and/or herbarium names are, un-
fortunately, given only in Chinese characters. He compares * the
species with C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch, but, again, only in
Chinese. He erroneously cites C. pare belis Book, & Arn. to "Bot.
Beechey's Voy. 295. 1836", but this binomial was actually pub-
lished on page 305 of that work and the date of publication of
the part containing that page is 1838.

The corollas of C. randaiensis are described as "pink" on

Gressitt 315 and as - tpurple" on Gressitt 374. Material of the

species has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under
the names C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch and C. longifolia longis-
sima Hemsl. The H. H. Bartlett 6082 collection, in fact, was

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 473

originally distributed as C. longifolia longissima Hemsl., then
"corrected" to C. longissima (Hemsl.) Merr., and then to C. longi-
folia f. floccosa Schau.

ae i all, 19 herbarium specimens and 1 mounted photograph of C.
randaiensis have been examined by me.

Citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: C. 0. Levine s.n. [Herb. Canton
Chr. Coll. 743] (W-—779015). FORMOSA: H. H. Bartlett 6053 (Mi,
N, W—-12)8)12), 6082 (Mi, W--12)8),39) ; Gressitt 315 (N, moe 349
(N), 374 (N); Huang 1812 ang 1812 (Lb--)8288) ; Kanehira 2878 (N, W—
1671955); Kao 176 (Mi); Kawakami & Mori 7023 (W--photo) ; Matuda
286 (Ca--3h5486) ; | Ohwi 3533 (Ba); E. He H. Wilson 10108 (W—1052933,
W--105293h) , 19848 (W- (W—1053031) .

saa rie RANDAIENSIS var. KOREANA Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 57.
1961.

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 57. 1961; Moldenke, Ré-
sumé Suppl. 3: 18. 1962; Hocking , Excerpt. Bot. A.5: \5. 1962;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h:
167. 1966.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves thin-membranous, very small, 2—1),.5 cm. long,
7--1 mm. wide, narrowly elliptic, long-acuminate at the apex,
cuneate-acuminate at the base, finely appressed-serrulate from
below the middle to the base of the terminal acumination, and
glabrous on both surfaces.

The type of the variety was collected by Hyon Pia Chong at
Wan-Do, Korea, on October 29, 1950, and is deposited in the her-
barium of the University of California at Berkeley. The Korean
vernacular name for the plant is said to be "chhom-chaksal-=namu".
The type collection was originally misidentified and distributed
as C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch.

In all, only 2 herbarium specimens, including the type, have
been seen by me of this variety.

Citations: KOREA: Chong s.n. [Wan-Do, 29th October 1950] (Ca—

998287--type, Z—isotype).

CALLICARPA REMOTISERRULATA Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo
30 (1): (Mater. Fl. Formos.) 223-22). 1911.

Synonymy: Callicarpa remotiserrata Hayata apud J. Matsum., Ind.
Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530, sphalm. 1912. Callicarpa remotiserralata
Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, sphalm. 1951. Callic
remotiflora Lin & Wang, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 8: 185 5 188, &
190, fig. 3, h, & 6. 1967.

Bibliography: Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1):
[Mater. Fl. Formos.] 223—22h. 1911; J. wrt Ind. Pl. Jap. 2
(2): 530. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; T.
It6, Taiwan Shokubutu Dzusetu [Illustr. Formos. Pl. ), 04.1, 7&
60), (1927) and ed. 2, 7 & 60h. 1928; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos.
350. 1928; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 647-~61,8 & 716, fig.

7h Pete E0 l.0)GoEok Vol. 21, no. 7

604. 1936; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 19)0;
Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 10. 192; Moldenke, Known Geo-
gr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 57 & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph.
List Cit. 2: 602. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.,
[ed. 2], 133 & 178. 1919; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1:

270, 300, 307, 3112, & 312. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 172, 26, & hhh.
1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Liu, Illustr.
Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1212, pl. 1020. 1962; Li, Woody
Fl. Taiwan 818, 819, 823--82), & 944. 1963; Lin & Wang, Bot. Bull.
Acad. Sin. 8: 185--186, 188, & 190, fig. 3, h, & 6. 1967; Molden-
ke, Résumé Suppl. 17: 8. 1968.

Illustrations: Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 6448, fig. 60k.
1936; Liu, Illustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: pl. 1020.
1962; Lin & Wang, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 8: 188 & 190, fig. 3, h,
& 6. 1967.

An erect shrub, to 2 m. tall; branches and branchlets terete,
gray to brownish, covered with stellate-tomentose hairs, the
branches rugulose with prominent ridges, the branchlets sometimes
very sparingly pubescent or glabrate; leaves opposite; petioles
about 6 mm, long, sulcate above, very shortly stellate-tomentose;
leaf-blades chartaceous, obovate or elliptic to lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, --12 cm. long, 2--3.5 cm. wide, acute to
acuminate at the apex, remotely mucronate-serrate along the mar-
gins, entire near the apex and base, acuminate or cuneate-attenu-
ate at the base, green above, pale-green beneath, paler on both
surfaces in drying or sometimes darkening above, both surfaces
glabrous or covered with stellate hairs and very sparsely yellow-
punctate, with a larger impressed gland at the base above, the
midrib and veins slightly elevated on both surfaces or prominent
beneath, the teeth mucronate, about 0.5 mm. long and wide, obtuse
at the apex, about 5 mm. apart; secondaries 5—7 pairs, slightly
elevated on both surfaces; cymes axillary and terminal, opposite,
2--3 times as long as the subtending petiole; calyx campanulate
or campanulate-cupuliform, 2 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide, covered with
dense stellate hairs, the rim irregularly and obscurely )-toothed;
corolla white, tubular, 3.5 mm. long, stellate-hairy on the out-
side, glabrous inside, the limb )-lobed, the lobes rounded at the
apex; stamens ), exserted, inserted at the base of the corolla-
tube; filaments filiform, 3.5--5 mm. long; anthers oblong, 1.5 m.
long; ovary globose, 1 mm. in diameter; style filiform, 5 m.
long; stigma depressed-capitate; drupes globose, about 6-——7 mm.
in diameter, purple at maturity, glabrous, with ) or 5 seeds;
seeds flattened, reniform.
at Botanrosha, Késhtn, Formosa, in 1906, while that of C. remoti-
flora is J. L. Wang 5401 from Shouchia, at 60 meters altitude,
Formosa, collected in September, 1965. Common names recorded for
the plant are "Hengchun beauty-berry", "késyun-murasaki", and
"Taiwan-murasaki", Kanehira's surname is sometimes misspelled
"Kanebira" on some labels.

Chang (1951) cites only a no. 21027 from Formosa, but the col-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 75

lector or herbarium name is, unfortunately, given only in Chinese
characters. Li (1963) cites Nakahara 619 and Suzuki 6086 from
Formosa; Lin & Wang (1967) cite a C. E. Chang s.n, from the same
island.
In all, 2 herbarium specimens and mounted photographs, in-
cluding a purported phototype, have been examined by me.
Citations: FORMOSA: Kanehira s.n. [Hiiran-san, 8.X1I.1918] (N—

photo, Ph, W--photo, Z--photo); Nakahara 919 [Herb. Govt. Formosa
21025] (W--photo of type); Yamada s.n. [April 193k] (S).

CALLICARPA RESINOSA Wright & Moldenke ex Moldenke in Fedde, Rep—
ert. Sp. Nov. 33: 142-13. 1933.

Synonymy: Callicarpa resinosa Wright ex Moldenke in Fedde, Rep-
ert. Sp. Nov. 0: 78, in textu. 1936; Alain in Leén & Alain, Fl.
Cuba : 306. 1957.

Bibliography: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 33: 142--1)3
(1933), 39: 298 (1936), and 40: 56, 57, 73, 75, 77--80, 119, &
131. 1936; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6. 1938; Moldenke,
Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 5. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenac., [ed. 1], 2) & 87. 1952; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1:
310 (19465, 2: 420’(1948), and 4: 1079, lbh, & 1157. 199; Mol-
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 42 & 178. 19h9;
H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mex. 20: 4. 1950;

Alain in Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba 4: 30) & 306. 1957; Moldenke, Ré&
sumé 50, 26, & 5. 1959.

Collectors have encountered this species in anthesis and fruit
in April and November and report the vernacular name "filigrana".
José P. Carabia has stated to me personally that it is rather
certain that the type collection, previously cited by me as ques-
tionably from Oriente, Cuba, actually came from the province of
Pinar del Rfo, on the opposite end of the island. It should also
be noted here that I am now of the opinion that this species may
actually be the same as what is now passing as C. fulva var.
glabrescens Moldenke. More careful comparison of the specimens
involved, together with exhaustive field work, is indicated. Ma-
terial of C. resinosa has been distributed in some herbaria under
the tentative designation of "C. ferruginea var."

In all, 22 herbarium specimens of C. resinosa, including the
type, and 20 mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: CUBA: Oriente: Acufia 12688
(Es, W--18812)5). Pinar del Rfo: C. Wright 3171 [Herb. Sauvalle
1774) (E--119138--isotype, F--photo of isotype, F--2))617--iso-
type, Hv--isotype, Hv--isotype, Hv--isotype, N--photo of isotype,
Si--photo of isotype, Z--photo of isotype), 317la (F-24616).

CALLICARPA RETICULATA Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788.
Synonymy: Callicarpa foliis elliptico-lanceolatis subserratis

rugosis subtus tomentoso-incanis Sw. ex Willd., Linn. Sp. Pl. 1:
620, in syn. 179 .
Bibliography: Sw., Prodr. 31. 1788; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst.

476 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 21, no. 7

Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 246 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 26. 1791; Sw.,
Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 252. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 37. 1797; Willd.,
Linns Spe Pliat2'2 620.1797; Fers., ovis Pha be 133028055 Page.
in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Suppl. 2: 33. 1811; Roem. & Schult. in L.,
Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 3: 95--96. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed.
1, 137. 1821; Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 82. 1821; Spreng. in L., Syst.
Veg., ed. 16, 1: 420. 1825; Ainslie, Mat. Ind. 2: 181. 1826;
Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 5: 126. 1828; D. Dietr., Syn.
Pl. 1: 429. 1839; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 257. 180; Pers., Sp.
Pl. 1: 343. 1842; Walp., Repert. h: 131. 1845; Schau. in A. DC.,
Prodr. 11: 642. 1847; Sagra, Hist. Cuba 2 (115: 145. 1850; Jac-
ques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. Arb. & Arbust. [Fl. Gen. Eur. 3:]
502. 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Ind. 99. 1861; Bocq., Adan-
sonia 3: tRév. Verbenac.] 192. 1863; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 216.
1366; Sauvalle, Fl. Cub. 113. 1868; G. W. Johnson, Gard. Dict.
157. 1890; Fawcett, Prov. List Indig. Nat. Flow. Pl. Jamaica 30.
1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1* 386.
1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a):
166. 1895; Garcia Cafiizares, Fl. Cub. 69. 1901; Urb., Symb. Ant.
5: 485 & 186. 1908; Britton & P. Wils., Scient. Surv. P. R.&
Virg. Isls. 6 (1): 147. 1925; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov.
39: 299 (1936), hO: 49, 69, 70, 80-83, 120, 130, & 131 (1936),
and 2: 238, 242, & 243. 1937; Moldenke, Alph. List Common Vern.
Names 23. 1939; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 6. 1939; Mol-
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 25 & 87. 192;
Noldenke, Phytologia 2: 95. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks.,
Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. : 982
& 115. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2],
6 & 178. 1949; Roig y Mesa, Dicc. Bot. 2: 389, 390, & 996.

1953; Moldenke, Résumé 54 & 45. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. &
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 1):
149--151. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ly: 6. 1966.

Sprengel (1825) asserts that this species is native to Jamai-
ca and Hispaniola, but I have not as yet seen any material of it
from Hispaniola -- and this in spite of the intensive explora-
tory work being done on this island by my friend, Alain Liogier.
Bocquillon (1863) records it from St. Thomas, but his "record"
doubtless refers to C. ampla Schau. Sagra, Grisebach, Sauvalle,
Garcia Caflizares, and other authors record it from Cuba, but all
these references are doubtless to the closely related C. cuben-
sis Urb. ~
~~ My very good friend, William T. Stearn, in a letter to me
dated March 4, 1960, says "In Fedde, Repert. 0: 82 (1936) you
say that the type of Callicarpa reticulata Swartz 'was collected
by O. P. Swartz in Jamaica'. Swartz placed, however an asterisk
against his diagnosis, which, as indicated in his preface, means
that this was not based on a specimen of his own gathering but
on material from the West Indies which he found in the herbarium
of Sir Joseph Banks (now in the British Museum (Natural History)
London). In his Flora Indiae Occidentalis 1: 253 (1797) he even
says "Species haecce, cujus descriptionem mihi praebuerunt speci-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 477

mina in Museo Banksiano'. These specimens were gathered by W.
Wright, F. Masson and H. de Ponthieu. You then state that 'no
material of the type collection has thus far been available for
examination' but presumably from the close agreement between
Swartz's description and a W. Wright specimen in the British Mu-
seum (Nat. Hist.) you consider the latter 'to represent the true
C. reticulata'. This is a fortunate opinion, because there can
be no doubt that these Wright specimens are in fact the type-
collection! Your description thus unknowingly gives a good mod=
ern account of the type."

The C. F. Baker 5126, distributed as C. reticulata, is, of
course, like all other Cuban material so determined, actually C.
cubensis Urb. =

In all, 3 herbarium specimens of C. reticulata, including the
type, have been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: JAMAICA: W. Wright s.n. [1733]
(Bm--type, Ed--isotype, N--isotype).

CALLICARPA REVOLUTA Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 33: 143.
1933.

Bibliography: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 33: 143
(1933), 39: 299 (1936), and 0: 56, 73, 7h, 78, 119, & 129. 1936;
A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6. 1938; Moldenke, Geogr. Dis-
trib. Avicenn. 5. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., [ed. 1], 2 & 87 (1942) and [ed. 2], 43 & 178. 199; Molden-
ke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 929 (1949) and : 1035. 1949; Alain in
Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba : 305 & 307. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 50 &
45. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 155. 1966.

In all, 3 herbarium specimens of C. revoluta, including the
type, and 6 mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Emended citations: CUBA: Oriente: Shafer 8308 (W--696508—
isotype) .

aa RIDLEYI S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: Suppl. 80.
1925.
Bibliography: S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: Suppl. 80. 1925;
A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 6 & 87. 1942; H. N. & A. L. Molden-
ke, Pl. Life 2: 78. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., (ed. 2], lh) & 178. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 189 & 445. 1959.
Moore (1925) describes this species as "Arbor; ramulis tetrag-
onis brunneo-farinoso-tomentosis dein glabris; foliis petiolo
farinoso + 2 cm. long. insidentibus ellipticis caudato-acuminatis
(acumine circa 1.5 cm. long.) apice mucronatis basi breviter cun-
eatis margine integris papyraceis supra pilis sparsis minutis
stellatis inspersis deinde glabris subtus minute farinoso pleris-
que 11--15 x )--6 (raro 8) cm. costis lateralibus utrinque 10
pag. inf. (uti costulae et reticulum) prominentibus; cymis petio-
los tandem excedentibus in fructu 7.5 x 6 cm. in florae 3.5 x 3
em. plurifloris uti pedicelli calycesque farinosis; pedicellis t
1.5 mm. long.; calyce denticulato 1.5 mm. long.; corollae extus

78 PRY TO LOG te Vol. 21, no. 7

minute tomentosae tubo 2.5 mm. long. lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis
1.5 mm. long.; antheris fere 2 mm. long.; drupa depresse globosa
3-- mm, diam,"

The type of the species was collected by Henry Ogg Forbes (no.
272) at an altitude of 2000--2700 feet, at Pasir Orai, Bantam,
Java, and is probably deposited in the herbarium of the British
Museum (Natural History) in London. Moore notes that "The fruit
is described from a specimen at the Museum collected by Mr. Rid=
ley on Mt. Salak."

Nothing further is known to me of this species.

CALLICARPA RIVULARIS Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 7: 30-31.
1912.

Synonymy: Callicarpa angusta var. longifolia H. J. Lam, Verben-
ac. Mal. Arch. 66 & 67. 1919. Callicarpa angusta var. @ H. J.
Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 67. 1919. Callicarpa erioclona var.
typica f. rivularis (Merr.) Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot.
Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1921.

Bibliography: E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 7: 30—
341. 1912; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 8, 66--68, & 362.
1919; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 43. 1921; Bakh. in Lam &
Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1921; E. D.
Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pl. 3: 387-—-388. 1923; Moldenke, Pre-
lim. Alph. List Invalid Names 9 & 10. 190; Moldenke, Alph. List
Invalid Names 8 & 9. 192; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver-
benac., [ed. 1], 62 & 87 (1942) and [ed. 2], 141 & 178. 199;
Moldenke, Résumé ¢83, 21, 243, & h5. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 43. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 179 (1966),
15: 15 (1967), and 21: 330. 1971.

Shrub, apparently sometimes subscandent, 2--5 m. tall; branches
terete or the ultimate ones somewhat compressed, along with the
branchlets very densely covered by a whitish or yellowish-white
indumentum composed of short stellate hairs with some stellate-
plumose ones intermixed; branchlets slender; leaves decussate-
opposite; petioles 0.5--1.8 cm. long, densely stellate-tomentose
with yellowish-white hairs; leaf-blades chartaceous, lanceolate
or narrow-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate-obovate or narrowly
oblanceolate, 7--20 cm. long, 1.5—-l cm. wide, equally narrowed
and attenuate-acute at both ends or slenderly acuminate at the
apex, serrate or very minutely repand—dentate along the margins
except at the base and apex or slightly and irregularly denticu-
late above and entire on the lower half, dark and quite glabrous
above when dry or with a few stellate hairs along the midrib,
densely whitish-tomentose beneath with a dense sometimes yellow-
ish-white indumentum; secondaries about 9 pairs, arcuate-ascend-
ing, prominent beneath, anastomosing; vein and veinlet reticula-
tion abundant but obscure; inflorescence densely stellate-
tomentose with yellowish-white hairs; cymes axillary, solitary,
about 3 cm. wide or less, dichotomously branched, rather lax,
comparatively few-flowered; peduncles about as long as the sub-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 79

tending petiole; calyx somewhat infundibular, about 2 mm. long,
extremely densely white- or grayish-puberulent to appressed-lanate
or densely stellate-hairy on the outer surface, the rim slightly
h-toothed; corolla white, about 3 mm. long, somewhat pubervlent
on the outside, the tube scarcely exserted, the limb l-lobed,
slightly pubescent or stellate-pilose externally; anthers 1.3 m,
long, glandulose on the back; drupes globose, about 3 m. wide,
glabrous, with pyrenes.

The type of this species (as well as of Lam's C. angusta var.
longifolia) was collected by Frederick William Foxworthy [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 660] on rocky riverbanks, at about 1150 meters
altitude, on Mount Victoria, Palawan, Philippine Islands, on
March 23, 1906, and was deposited in the herbarium of the Philip-
pine Bureau of Science, now destroyed. Merrill (1912) cites also
another Foxworthy collection, Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 719, gath-
ered on March 24, 1906, at Serepely the same locality, making
it a topotype. Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) cites these col-
lections as Foxworthy 660 & 719 and cites no other material.

Lam (1919) comments in his discussion of C. angustifolia King
& Gamble that "This species has a close affinity with C. angusta
var. @ [i.e., var. longifolia] and perhaps it will appear that
it is synonimous with it. But it seems to differ from it by the
pubescent corolla and the hardly denticulate leaves". Merrill
(1912) says of C. rivularis: "A species manifestly very closely
allied to Callicarpa angusta Schauer, differing especially in
its indumentum". Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) reduces it to
form rank under C. erioclona Schau.

Callicarpa rivularis has been collected in flower and fruit in
March and April. Material has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria as C. angusta Schau. and the two Foxworthy collections
were actually so cited by me in a previous installment of these
notes.

In all, 6 herbarium specimens of C. rivularis, including the
type collection, have been examined by me.

Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Palawan: Foxworthy s.n. [Herb.
Philip. Bur. Sci. 660] (Bz--17595—isotype, N--isotype), Sslie
[Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 719] (Bz—-1759), N, W--627037, Z).

CALLICARPA ROIGII Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 63. 1926.
Synonymy: Callicarpa melanocarpa C. Wright ex Moldenke in Fed-

de, Repert. Sp. Nov. 0: 46, in syn. 1936. Callicarpa polyantha
C. Wright ex Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. LO: 46, in syn.
1936.

Bibliography: Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 216. 1866; N. L. Britton,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 463. 1926; A. W. Hill, "tnd. Kew. Suppl.
8: 37. 1933; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. "39: 301 (1936)
and 0: kl, 45--6, 77, 119, 128, & 131. 1936; Moldenke, Alph.

List Common Vern. Names L2% 1939; Moldenke, Geogr. Distrib. Avi-
cenn. 5. 1939; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 12. 190;

4,80 PLATO, LeOsG aie Vol. 21, no. 7

Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 2h & 87.
1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 10. 192; *Moldenke, Phy-
tolopia 2: 95. "1945; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 3 & 310. igh6;
Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 38. 1947; He N. & A. Le Mol
denke, Pl. Life 2: 79. 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 420 &
648 (1948), 3: 867 & 868 (1949), and f: 1020, 1047, & lly. 19h9;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2), 43 & 178.
1949; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mex. 20: h. 1950;
Alain in Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba h: 304 & 306. 1957; Moldenke, Ré—
sumé 50, 245, 2h6, & flict, 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: Las.
1966; J. A. Clark, Card. Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl. n.d.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 3--l m.
tall, growing along roadsides, flowering in April, and fruiting
in January. They record the vernacular variant "filigrana del
pinar". Since the plant is also known as "filifrana fruto
blanco", one may assume that its mature fruits are white, al-
though all that I have seen (in the dried state) were black.

In all, 32 herbarium specimens of C. roigii, including the
types of all the names involved, and 1, mounted photographs have
been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Acufla &
Roig 10871 (Es); Acufla & Zayas 19932 (Z); Leén 15415 (Ha, N); J.
T. Roig 3220 (Ha--isotype, , W——11)7111—isotype), Se. (Es), S.n.

{April | ihe 1, 192k) (Es); C. Wright 231/8 [Herb. Sauvalle 1773]
(Hv), 2169 (F—2))614), 3169 [Herb. Sauvalle 1773] (E—119136,
Hv, Pa, W--56139).

CALLICARPA RUBELLA Lindl.

Additional & emended synonymy: Callicarpa sessilifolia Wall.,
Numer. List "9" [=50], hyponym. 1829. Callicarpa tenuiflora
Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135.
1853. Callicarpa lasiantha Lemaire ex Lemaire & Verschaf., Ill.
Hort. 6: sub pl. 202, in obs. 1859; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
9: 4S. 1938. Callicarpa purpurea Hort. Angl. & Lindl. ex Lem-
aire & Verschaf., Ill. Hort. 6: pl. 202, nom. provis. 1859 [not
C. purpurea Hort. ex Moldenke, 191, nor A. L. Juss., 1806, nor
Nakai, 1923]. Callicarpa purpurea Hort. ex Regel, Gartenfl. 9:
56. 1860. Callicarpa violacea Hérincq, Hort. Frang. 3 (2): ll.
1861. Callicarpa japonica Hort. ex Pritzel, Icon. Bot. Ind. 2:
55. 1866 [not C. japonica Hort. ex Moldenke, 1936, nor L. f.,
1966, nor Matsum., 1923, nor Miq., 1927, nor Thunb., 178), nor
Thunb. auct. ex Raf., 1638]. Callicarpa purpurea? Van Houtte ex
Rehd. in C. S. Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 390, in syn. 1916. Callicarpa
violacea Korth. ex H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. 53, in syn.
1919. Callicarpa purpurea Van Houtte apud P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 38, in syn. 1932. Callicarpa
cuspidata Bakh. (in part) apud P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3):
[Verbenac. China] 38, in syn. 1932 [not C. cuspidata Hassk.,

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 481

1921, nor Lam & Bakh., 1951, nor Roxb., 181]. Callicarpa rubel-
la f. crenata P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China]

YO. 1932. Callicarpa rubella f. angustata P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 40. 1932. Callicarpa rosea Lindl.
ex Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 0: 103, in syn. 1936.
Bibliography: Gaertn., Fruct. & Sem. Pl. 2: pl. 9h. 1791;
Lindl., Bot. Reg. ll: pl. 883. 1825; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed.
16, 4 (2): kl (1827) and ed. 16, 5: 126. 1828; Wall., Numer. List
"9" [=50]. 1829; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 428. 1839; Steud., Nom.
Bot., ed. 2, 257. 180; Walp., Repert. 4: 130. 1845; Schau. in A.
DC., Prodr. 11: 645. 1847; Jacques & Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. Arb.
& Arbust. [Fl. Jard. Eur. 3:] 503. 1851; Benth. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 135. 1853; Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres
30 [ser. 2, 13]: 127--128, pl. 1359. 1858; Lemaire & Verschaf.,
Ill. Hort. 6: pl. 202. 1859; Groenland, Rev. Hort. 8 (4): 106—
108, fig. 2) & 25. 1859; Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1859: 96. 1859; C.
Mull. in Walp., Ann. 5: 709. 1860; Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 56. 1860;
Benth., Fl. Hongk. 270. 1861; Hérincq, Hort. France 3 (2): 11, pl.
. 1861; Regel, Gartenfl. 12: 101. 1863; Pritzel, Icon. Bot. Ind.
1: 188 (1866) and 2: 55. 1866; M. T. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1871:
173, fig. 38. 1871; S. Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 27h-~275 &
589. 1877; Gamble, List Trees Darj. Dist. 60. 1878; Gamble, Man.
Indian Timb., ed. 1, 282 & 503. 1881; W. Robinson, The Garden 23:
540, pl. 392. 1883; Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 242. 188k; C.
B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. : 569. 1885; Maxim., Bull.
Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 31: 75. 1886; Maxim., Mél. Biol. 12: 50
& 506. 1886; G. Watt, Dict. Econom. Prod. India 2: 27. 1889;
Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin.
2}: 255. 1890; N. E. Br. in G. W. Johnson, Gard. Dict. 157. 1890;
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 503. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks.,
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 386. 1893; W. P. Wright in Cassell, Dict.
Pract. Gard., ed. 1, 1: 156. 1902; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed.
2, 525. 1902; Rehd. in L. H. Bailey & Mill., Cycl. Am. Hort. 1:
217. 1906; W. P. Wright in Cassell, Dict. Pract. Gard., ed. 2, 1:
156. 1907; S. T. Dunn, Journ, Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 38: 363.
1908; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 202 &
203. 1912; Elbert, Meded. Rijksherb. Leid. 12: 15. 1912; Diels,
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 332 & 334. 1913; H. J. Lam, Meded.
Rijksherb. Leid. 37: 33. 191); Rehd. in L. H. Bailey, Stand.
Cycl. Hort. 2: 629. 191); Rehd. in C. S. Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 369—
370. 1916; Léveillé, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 277. 1917; E. D. Merr.,
Philip. Journ. Sci. 14: 249. 1919; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay.
Arch. 46, 53--54, 58, & 362. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull.
Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 23. 1921; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1:
526. 1929; P. Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 500, 501,
506, 511, & 512. 1932; P'ei, Sinensia 2: 67. 1932; P'ei, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 16, 17, 35, 38-0, &
48. 1932; Grey & Hubbard, List Pl. Atkins Inst. 38. 1933; Rehd.,
Journ. Arnold Arb. 15: 323—32h. 193k; Cotton in Curtis, Bot. Mag.
157: pl. 9340. 193k; L. H. Bailey, Cat. Florists Handl. Verbenac.
n.p. 1935; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 901. 1936; Moldenke in Fedde,

4,82 Pe (Ts10. .L10 Gite Vol. 21, nover

Repert. Sp. Nov. 39: 297 & 300 (1936) and 40: 98, 102—10, 120,
123--125, & 128. 1936; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 12 &
1h. 1938;°-A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 5 & 6. 1938;. Molden-
ke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 36. 1939; Moldenke, Suppl. List Com-
mon Vern, Names 21. 190; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid
Names 10-13. 190; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 160. 19);
Biswas, Indian Forest Rec. Bot., new ser., 3: 1. 191; Moldenke,
Knowm Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, sh—s6, 58, 59, 63, 6h,
66, 71, & 87. 1942; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 8—1l1.
1942; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 70 & 95. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f.

& Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 386. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List
Cit. 1: 91, 119, 208, & 210. 1946; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew.
Suppl. 10: 38. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 33. 1947; Moldenke,
Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3 & 28. 1947; H. N.& A. Le
Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 63. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 359,
oh, 408, 434, 487, 563, 566, 601, 608, & 619 (1948), 3: 657, 727,
877, & 971 (1949), and 4: 1011. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 139.
1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 12h,
125, 128, 131, 135-137, 143, lbh, 146, 157, & 178. 1919; W. J.
Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 358 & 359.
1951; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 270, 280, 281, 286, 288,
296--298, 302, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 75 (1952) and
4: 191. 1953; Moldenke, Inform. Mold. Set. 51 Spec. 2. 1956; A-
non., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-56, p. 59. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé
159, 160, 165, 168, 174, 175, 177, 187, 189, 19h, 21h, 2h3--2hh,
2h6--28, 379, & his. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew.,
pr. 3, 1: 386. 1960; Panigrahi & Naik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3:
376. 1961; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 31). 1961; Srinivasan &
Agarwal, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 86. 1963; Moldenke, Dansk Bot.
Arkiv 23: 87. 1963; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 600-601. 1965; R.

E. & C. R. Harrison, Know Your Trees 39, pl. 93. 1965; Matthew,
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 16). 1966; Panigrahi & Joseph, Bull.
Bot. Surv. India 6: 13 & 151. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1):
3. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 14: 52, 102, 105, 106, 12, 143, &
148 (1966) and 1y: 222, 225, & 249. 1967; Tingle, Check List Hong
Kong Pl. 38. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 30 (1967) and 16: 36h
& 366. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 9 & 13 (1968) and 17: 7.
1968; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 60, 83, & 485. 1970;
Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 33, 49, 102, 103, 109, 152, 158, 163, 16h,
225, 331, 33h, 346, & 387. 1971.

Illustrations: Gaertn., Fruct. & Sem. Pl. pl. 9). 1791; Lindl.,
Bot. Reg. 11: pl. 883 (in color). 1825; Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres
30 [ser. 2, 13]: 127 & 128, pl. 1359 (in color) [as "C. purpurea").
1858; Groenland, Rev. Hort. 1859: 106 & 107, fig. 2h & 25. 1859;
Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1859: 96. 1859; Lemaire & Verschaf., Ill.
Hort. 6: pl. 202 [as "C. purpurea"]. 1859; Regel, Gartenfl. 9: 56
[as "C. purpurea"), 1860; Hérinceq, Hort Frang. 3 (2): 11, pl. 4.
1861; M. T. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1871: 173, fig. 38. 1871; W.
Robinson, The Garden 23: 50, pl. 392. 1883; Cotton in Curtis,
Bot. Mag. 157: pl. 9340 (in color). 1934; R. E. & C. R. Harrison,
Know Your Trees pl. 93 (in color). 1965.

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 483

It should be noted here that the C. cuspidata accredited to
Hasskarl in the synonymy above is actually a synonym of C. longi-
folia Lam., that accredited to Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink is
c. C. longipes Dunn, that ascribed to Roxburgh is C. pedunculata R.
Br., and that pradibad to Bakhuizen van den Brink alone is in
part C. rubella Lindl. anc in part C. longipes Dunn; the C. japon-
ica credited to "Hort. ex Moldenke" and to Linnaeus the younger
is a synonym of C. japonica Thunb., a valid species, that credit-
ed to Matsumura and to Miquel is C. japonica var. luxurians Rehd.,
and that credited to "Thunb. auct. ex Raf." is C. longifolia Lan.;
the C. purpurea of Jussieu is C. dichotoma (Lour. ) K. Koch, while
that attributed to "Hort. ex Moldenke" is C. longifolia meg and
that ascribed to Nakai is C. japonica Thunb.

Recent collectors describe C. rubella as a large, slender, or
straggling shrub, 1--5 m. tall, bushy, diffuse, "fern-branched",
or a small tree, "the leaves light-green, viscous above, the pedi-
cels purple, the buds white, the flowers fragrant or slightly
fragrant, the calyx stellate-tomentose, the anthers golden-yellow,
the ovary pubescent, and the fruit at first green, later bright-
blue or lilac to purplish-red or purple. Rock mistakenly refers
to the drupes as "berries".

The species has been found growing on coral reefs, in semi-
shade, in woods, forests, evergreen forests, densely shaded mixed
woods, or thickets, in ravines and open ravines, and along valley
roadsides or roadsides in general, at altitudes from sealevel to
2330 meters, flowering in March and from May to November, fruit-
ing from July to January.

Deb (1961) reports the species "frequent" on hills in Manipur,
Panigrahi & Joseph (1966) say that it is "abundant" in the shrub
layer in Nefa, Panigrahi & Naik (1966) found it to be "very com-
mon in the Subansiri Frontier Division", and Prain reports it
common in jungles in the Naga Hills, India. Dee found it to be
common in open pine forests in Thailand, whilc, in the same
country, Amnak describes it as a common shrub by streams. In
Yunnan, Chin, Rock calls it a "small common shrub", while in
Kwangsi it was found by Tsang to be fairly common in roadside
meadows and fairly common as scattered shrubs in dry clay and
silt on rocky soil. The same collector in Tonkin found it "fair-
ly common in thickets on dry clayey soil".

Common and vernacular names recorded for the species are
"angro", "callicarpa rouge&tre", "callicarpe a fruits pourpres",
"chaak tsai shue", "kap ts'ing", "nam lai phi sua", "pha",
"sugroomook", "sugroo-mook", "sugrimik", and "suren". Hom re-
ports that it serves as a drug plant in Kwangtung.

Watt (1889) tells us that C. rubella is "A small tree of the
North-East Himalaya to the hills of Martaban", while Lam (191)
gives its distribution as "Punduah, Sikkim, Khasiah u. Jainteah;
China; Sumatra; Java". Actually, it seems to grow from Pakistan
and India to Thailand and Indochina, north to Hongkong and China,

48h Pr XO. 0) LO. G2 Ea Vol. 2, nov

and east to Sumatra, Krakatoa, Java, and Celebes. Bean (1951)
avers that it was introduced into cultivation {in England] in
1821, while Bailey (1935) reports that it is handled for the hor-
ticultural trade by the Knap Hill mursery.

Lam (1919) says "We could not find the reason why C. rubella
Lindl. should have the priority above C. sessilifolia -Wall., bu but
retained the first name, nevertheless, s since we found that all
authors use it." Actually, Wallich's name was published 10 years
earlier than Lindley's, but without description, and therefore is
invalid under the present rules of botanic nomenclature. Lam
cites Wallich's binomial as having been published in "1828", but
the page 50 on which it occurs was actually not issued until
1829. Lam also comments in regard to C. rubella: "Its affinity
is, especially in regard with the flowers, with C. pedunculata,
put its leaves are always cordate, subsessile and narrower,
whilst its cymes are smaller, fasciculate, not widely dichoto-
mous as in C. pedunculata". ” Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) re-
duced C, rubella Lindl., C. sessilifolia Wall., and C. tenuiflo-
ra Champ. to synonymy under what he called C. cuspidata Roxbe,
while Fletcher (1938) reduces "C. cuspidata . Roxb., in part" to
the synonymy of C. rubella! Srinivasan & Agarwal (1963) reduce
C. rubella to synonymy under what they call C. rosea Lindl.

Chang (1951) includes C. dielsii (Léveillé) Prei, C. panduri-
formis Léveillé, C. rubella rubella var. dielsii (P'ei) Li, C. rubella
var. hemsleyana Diels, and 8S, and Viburmum dielsii Léveillé in the syn-
onymy of C. rubella. However, I regard C. rubella var. hemsley-
ana and C. , rubella var. dielsii as valid varieties (with Viburm Viburnum
dielsii and Callicarpa dielsii as synonyms of the latter), and
Cc. C. panduriformis as a synonym of C. longipes Dunn.

Merrill (1919) tells us that C. ', brevipetiolata Merr. differs
from C. rubella in that it has the lower surface of its leaf-
blades completely covered with dense stellate-tomentose indumen-
tum. Regel (1863) says "Callicarpa lanata Vahl. [Abgebildet im
Botanical Magazine in Jahrgang 1861] (pag. 96 cum ic.). Ist iden-
tisch mit der in der Gartenflora 1860, pag. 56 erwahnten C. pur-
purea Hort. (Fl. des serres tab. 1359. TLD; “hort; tab’. 202) come
Vahls Name (Vahl. Symb. III. 13) als der Alteste, ist der gil-
tige. Stammt aus den tropischen Neuholland." However, I regard
Vahl's C. lanata as a synonym of C. pedunculata R. Br., which is,
indeed, native to Australia [=Neuholland], while C. rubella is
not known from that continent. It is worth noting here that the
illustrations given by Van Houtte (1858), Lemaire & Verschaffelt
(1859). and Regel (1860) are all mis-labeled "Callicarpa purpurea"
[a very different species, now known as C. dichotoma (Lour.) K.
Koch] but truly represent C. rubella. a

The corolla of C. rubella is described as "pink" on Dee 973,
Hom 142, and W. T. Tsang 2297 & 29133, "mauve" on W. R. }. Sykes

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 485

202/6L, "red" on Pitepool 19898 and Steward & Cheo 647, "maroon"
on Levine & McClure 258/7177, "purplish" on Ching ing 5922, "purplish-
rose” on Forrest 8393, and mwhite" on Chevalier ier 1708 a and Ying 772.

Lindley (1825) says "This species of Callicarpa i is well dis-
tinguished from all others of the genus by the peculiar outline
of its leaves, which are sessile and approaching almost to pandur-
iform, with a long taper point. It was brought from China, in
1822, * tor the Horticultural Society, by the late Mr. John Potts.
Our drawing was made in the Chiswick Garden, in May last."

Ptei (1932) describes his f. angustata as follows: "Leaves
thickly chartaceous, densely pubescent with stellate hairs, indu-
mentum denser beneath, lanceolate oblong to oblanceolate-oblong,
broadened above the middle, acuminate, base cordate, sessile,
glandular on both surfaces, 8.5 cm. x *0 cm., 11.2 ca. x cm.,
11.7 cm. x 2.3 cm., 15 cu. *x uy cm. Peduncles 1 to 1.8 cm. long.
Fruit 0.25 cm. in diameter." He does not designate a type, but
bases the form on Forrest 7869 & 8393, A. Henry 212, 912, &
gl2a, J. F. Rock 2915; 6932, | & 7101, and Schneider _ S191, Ae
from Yiinnan, China. He describes his f. crenata as having the

“Leaves thin, chartaceous, densely pubescent with simple hairs,
densely glandular on both surfaces, oblanceolate, cordate, apex
acuminate, crenately serrate, 4.5 cm. x 1.2 ca., 6 cm. X : 1 cn.,
8.2 cm. x 2. 5 em. Peduncles 0.6 to 0 -9 cm. long. Fruit 0.1 to
0.15 cm. in diameter." Again, he designates no type, but bases
the form on R. C. Ching 1610 & 5922, Tsiang 1618, and Ying 772,
870, & 1155, “all from (he says) Kwangsi, China. However, speci-
mens of Ying 772 and 1155 which I have seen bear labels indicat-
ing that they were collected in Kwangtung.

The type of Callicarpa sessilifolia is Wallich 1837 from
"Pundua", The Wallich, Numer. List "49" [=50] reference, where
this binomial first occurs, is erroneously dated "1828" by some
writers.

For C. violacea Korth. Lam (1919) says "see: Korthals. Verband
over de Natuurl. Gesch. der Ned. 0. I. bezittingen 1839-—'2.
Botanie: nomen nudum?", but I fail to find this binomial mention-
ed anywhere in this work.

Maximowicz (1886) cites Forbes s.n. and Wright s.n. from Hong-
kong, Sampson s.n. from "pluribus locis" in Kwang Kwangtung ("prov.
Canton"), and and "tum in Himalaya: Khasia! et Pendjab!" Forbes &
Hemsley (1890) add a Champion s.n, from Hongkong and give the
overall distribution of the species as "Sikkim, Khasia, and
Jaintea mountains, India". Rehder (1916) cites C. Wright 380 and
C. Ford s.n. from Hongkong and A. Henry 9412 & 9i12a and C. Schn-
eider 3161 from Yiinnan, commenting "The Yunnan specimens agree
with those from Hongkong except that the pubescence on the upper
surface of the leaves is shorter and denser", P'ei (1932) cites
for what he regards as the typical form of the species only Ford
s.n., Wright s.n., and Chun 65), all from Hongkong, with the

4,86 PHY TOLOG ZA Vol. 21, no. 7

comment "Distribution: Formosa to Indo-China and reported from
India and the Malay Archipelago. This differs from its allies by
its obovate leaves which are sessile or subsessile and more or
less cordate. Ovary glandular. Fruit 0.15 in diameter, densely
pubescent when young. The species varies very much in its shape
of leaves, length of peduncles and petioles."

Lam (1919) cites the following specimens seen by him: GREATER
SUNDA ISLANDS: Buton: Elbert 281). Java: Elbert 337 (Le--908 .267
-11)1), s.n. [Nov. 1907] (Le--908 .267-11)2); Junghuhn s.n. [Unga-
rang, Medinie] (Le--908.267-11)3). Sumatra: Korthals 5816.

Van Houtte (1858) describes the history of the species as fol-
lows: "C'est dans une des serres de notre collégue, M. Aug. van
Geert, horticulteur en cette ville, que nous avons fait dessiner
et peindre le modéle qui a servi a ’ exécuter la planche ci-contre.
Introduit en Angleterre par M. Standish, le Dr. Lindley suppose
qu'il provient de l'un des voyages qu'a faits en Chine le céiébre
voyageur, M. Fortune, auquel nous devons tant de reconnaissance
pour le bien qu'il a fait A lthorticulteur} Dans ces derniers
temps ne l'a-t-il pas presq'alimentée tout seul avec Lobb, en
nous apportant de ces plantes impérissables, de ces végétaux fit
for the million, dont on ne se lasse jamais et dont le commerce
horticole tire tant de profit et les amateurs tant de jouissances
vives et incessantes}

"Nous reproduisons aussi, comme pendant a notre dessin celui
qu'en a donné le Gardeners' Chronicle. Mais cette plante, connue
dans le commerce sous le nom de Callicarpa purpurea et que nous
figurons ici, ne serait pas l'espéce dont elle porte le NOM .ceces
ce nom de purpurea est donc tout provisoire, et l'indication da
se patrie nous fait aussi défaut; il efit été aisé cependant de
s'en enquérir auprés de M. Standish, si tant est que celui-ci
s'inquiéte de ces bagatelles.

"Quoi qu'il en soit, disons qu'ici la plante a gelé jusqu'a
terre et qu'au printemps suivant elle a vigoureusement repoussé
du pied, cela donne la mesure de son degré de rusticité. Donec,
serre froide en Belgique, plein air, rusticité, plus au Sud.
Fleurissant au commencement de 1'été, elle est couverte vers
l'automne de ses trés nombreuses et irds jolies baies d'un lilas
purpurin qu'elle conserve pendant tout l'hiver. -- Sa multiplica-
tion par voie boutures, a défaut de graines, est des plus faciles."

Masters (1859) gives this account: "No plant excited more in-
terest at the last autumn meeting of the Horticultural Society in
St. James's Hall, than a little shrub from Mr. Standish, of Bag-
shot, loaded with the most beautiful shining deep violet berries.
Few had seen such a species before, or suspected what it might be;
the fact being that Callicarpa, the genus to which it belonged,
has never before produced the beautiful fruit, from which its bo-
tanical name has been formed. The accompanying figure will convey
a good idea of its general appearance.

"Not having seen the flowers or the old leaves, we are in some
doubt to what species of Callicarpa it should be referred; and in

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 487

selecting that called purpurea we by no means overlook the possi-
bility of its proving botanically distinct. In the form of the
leaves, and the proportional size of the clusters of berries, it
agrees very well; but the hairiness is that of C. rubella, quite
a different plant. But these Callicarpas certainly vary much in
hairiness at different periods of growth and under different cir—
cumstances. All that we can say for the present is that it seems
to be a state of C. purpurea, the Porphyra dichotoma of Loureiro;
but that it may possibly be the C. lasiantha, At all events it
is a most interesting little greenhouse shrub, brought from China,
we believe by Mr. Fortune. What makes it so extremely useful is
that its berries retain their beautiful colour till long after
Christmas. Some indeed now before us are as brilliant as they
were in November."

Elbert (1912) cites Elbert 337; Diels (1913) cites Forrest 8535
Panigrahi & Joseph (1966) cite Panigrahi & Joseph 1516 from Nefa;
and Panigrahi & Naik (1961) cite Pitepool 19898 from the Subansiri
Frontier Division of India.

Chang (1951) cites the following specimens as typical C. rubel-
la: CHINA: Hunan: Chang 560; S. C. Chen 1857, 2581; Ho 1159, 1428,
1623; Hsin 982; L. R. Li 276; Tseng, “Chu, & Chang 1014h; Yeh 253.
Kiangsi: Chiang 101595 Tp ee eet. K Erangei! ~ Chin hin 5681, 5 5922, 71895

Secale ty ft gpd tet, |

153539; Chang ne H. Y. Chen 6531, 65h), Se L. H. Chen 41181,
11842; S.C. Chen 1686, 1797 , 3633; Chi Chiang 74; Hsin 10020; Huang
30716, 31283, 32474; Kao 52608, 52877; H. J. Liang 61865; S. H.
Liang 84219, 84512, 8605; Liu 23959; Tseng 20762, 21319, 2560;
Tso Tso 20 20752. Kweichow: Tsiang o 5315. 5: Sikiang: Fang Fang 6030. | Szechuan:
Fang 1272, 1636, 6286, 7821. Yunnan: Forrest t 8393; T Tsai 54215,
60238, 60 60479, 6 61437, | 6222h5 Wang, Kao, & Liu 100060. CHINESE
COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Tso & Chen n 13351. I regard Tsiang 5315
as var. hemsleyana Diels.
For what he considers to be C. rubella f. angustata Chang

cites: CHINA: Kwangsi: S. C. Chen eyes 3731, 91267; Hsin 2518; Kao

55899; Kwangsi Mus. Herb. Suu6; L Liang 6592h;5 Soo 0 69035; T Teng g 13249;
Tseng 2),33. Kwang tung : ung: Tsiang 168); Tso Tso 2216. Kweichow: Tsiang
222. Sikiang: Handel-Mazzetti 5262. “Yunnan: nan: Forrest 7869; Tsai
54506, 54623, 54909, 56515, 56893, 59143, 60111, 60399, 6031,

Pais est fi abe I a ER NaS ia ast le ah ee tl le te has at Jai ee Bk

ioe what - Sanaiiars to be C. rubella f. crenata Chang cites:
CHINA: Hunan: Liang 219. Kwangsi: Hsin “Hsin 1736, 252715 Huang wOmees
69913; Tseng 22953, 2 3356, 26521, 26700; Tso 236635 Wang ee
Kwangtung: Central Herb. 67887; Chang 4373; Huang 3786), 36133;

4,88 PoBoY (TO L:O:GaToA Vol. 21, .nosay

Lin 9585; Tsiang 772, 870, 1155; Tso 22030, 22323.

~~ It should be noted here that Rehder (1916) cit cites Walp., Ann.
5: 709 as published in "1858", when actually pages 61-966 of
that volume did not appear in print until the year 1860.

Material of C. rubella has been misidentified and distributed
in herbaria under the names C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch, C. for-
mosana Rolfe, C. longifolia Lam., C. reevesii Wall., C. rubella:
var. Rongieyata Diels, and Helicteris sp. On the other hand, the
McClintock s.n. [Nov. vile 1959], distributed as C. rubella, is
actually C. bodinieri var. giraldii (Hesse) Rehd., eingdan-Weae
1760 and Kuntze 5896 are C. brevipetiolata Merr., Teijsmann 89)2
is C. caudata Maxim., Boden-Kloss 164 is C. longifolia f. floc-
cosa Schau., Rachmat 206 is C. pilosissima Maxim., and Keng 8)8,
Weiss 1586, C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong], and Ying 7h are C. ru-
bella var. hemsleyana Diels.

In all, 95 herbarium specimens and 2 mounted photographs of
typical C. rubella have been examined by me.

Additional citations: PAKISTAN: East Bengal: W. Griffith 6036
(S). INDIA: Assam: C. B. Clarke 12D (W—8036l7); Prain s.n.
[Kohima, 1866] (W--325385). Kha Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s .n son.
[Mont. Khasia 000 ped.] (S, W--296753); Schlagintweit 483 (Ww
804650). Nadras: C. B. Clarke 187 [601] (W--802500). “West
Bengal: Nasker 125 (We). BURMA: Upper Burma: Badal Khan 65 (Na—
16189). CHINA: " Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 5922 (ca——09871, N N, “W--
12,8673); Steward & Cheo 67 (S); W. T. Tsang 2297 (S), 2433
(N). Kwangtung: Hom | 12 (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 19450] (N); C. 0 c. 0.
Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 149] (Ka--63121), s son.
[Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1610] (Ka--63268, W--87),851) ; Levine &
McClure oa/LTT (Herb, Canton Chr. Coll. 6968] (N, Ph, S, W--—
12887); E. D. Merrill 1065) (Ca--992)83, Gg--31977, N); Tsiang
870 (Ca—-356868), 1684 (Ca--3631L4); Ying 772 (Ca--358025, “Nene
1155, (Bz--17562, Ca——358899). Kweichow: Tsiang 222 (S), 5482
(N, W--1551977). Yiinnan: Forrest 8393 (S); A. Henry 9412 (N, W—
457035), 9412a (N, W--457035); J. F.R Rock 2915 (W-=1213239),

6932 (Ca--327229, W--1332127), om (W—--1511066) . CHINESE COAS=
TAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Chun & Tso 43351 (N). HONGKONG: W. Y. Chun
65h (Ca--35795), 6551 (Ca-—3579L5); Ringgold & Rodgers s.n.
[Hongkong] (T). THAILAND: Amnak 39 (Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 6023]
(W--206),829); Dee 455 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 771] (Ss); J. F.
Rock 133 (W--1171250); Smitinand 1671 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept.
9557] (2); Sgrensen, Larsen, & Hansen 6229 (Bm). INDOCHINA: An-
nam: Chevalier 1703 (B, Ca- Ca--©3971). Tonkin: Pételot 1629 (Ca--
234336, N), 8580 0 (N); Tsang 29133 (Go). Province undetermined:
Pételot 1523 [Pr [Phu Ha] (Ca--2))155) ; Poilane 15598 (S). GREATER

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 4,89

SUNDA ISLANDS: Java: Junghuhn 3-),000 (K). Sumatra: Korthals 5816
(K), sen. (K, K). CULTIVATED: England: Herb. Roy. Hort. Soc. s.

189] (Ms--30945). Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [1865] (Mu--12,
N--phato, Z--photo). New Zealand: WI. R. Sykes 202/64 (Nz--1),9622).

CALLICARPA RUBELLA var. DIELSII (Léveillé) Li, Journ. Arnold Arb.
25: 425-26. 19).

Synonymy: Viburnum dielsii Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov.
9: hh3. 1911. Callicarpa dielsii (Léveillé) P'tei, lien. Sci. Soc.
China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 37. 1932. Callicarpa dielsii P'ei,
Wem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 13. 1932. Calli-
carpa rubella var. hemsleyana f. subglabra P'ei, liem. Sci. Soc.
China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 1. 1932. Callicarpa rubella var.
subglabra (P'ei) Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 297. 1951.

Bibliography: Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 43. 1911;
Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 66. 191); P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1
(3): [Verbenac. China] 16, 18, & 37--2. 1932; Rehd., Journ. Ar-
nold Arb. 15: 323. 193k; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 5. 1938;
Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 9. 190; Li, Journ.
Arnold Arb, 25: 25--26. 19h; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenac., [ed. 1], 56 & 86. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid
Names 51. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 343. 1947; Moldenke, Alph.
List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3 & 28. 1947; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke,
Pl. Life 2: 56. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac.
[ed. 2], 131% 178. 1949; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 1: 281,
297, & 311. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 102 (1966) and 21: 16h.
1971.

Léveillé's orisinal (1911) description of this taxon is "Planta
tota villosa; rami hispido glandulosi, brunnei; folia 8--9 x 3--\
em. fusco-viridia, subtus pallidiora, oblonga, caudato-acuminata,
ad basin cordata, subsessilia crenata; nervis aliis patentibus
elevatis, aliis rectis; flores corymbosi; pedunculi, pedicelli et
calyces hispido-glandulosi; calyx urceolatus, vix crenatus; fruc-
tus nigrescens, primum inclusus, opacus, glaber."

P'ei comments (1932): "I have seen fragments of the type at
the Arnold Arboretum. It appears to me to be closely related to
Callicarpa longipes Dunn, the difference being the truncate calyx
of Callicarpa Dielsii (Lévl.) P'ei while that of C. longipes Dunn.
is toothed. iWhen more abundant material is available it may be
that this species will be found to be the same as some of the
Kwangtung forms of Callicarpa rubella Lindl." He describes his
C. rubella var. hemsleyana f. subglabra as follows: "A type rece-
dit foliis subglabribus, obovatolanceolatis, subcordatis ad rotun-
datis, acuminatis. Chekiang: Chenchiong, 0 miles south of Sia-
chu, Alt. 450 to 900 m., Ching 1760!, June 1924, 'Shrub, 6 feet
tall, rare'. A shrub with subglabrous branchlets. Leaves obovate-
lanceolate, serrate, acuminate, base subcordate to rounded, sub-

4,90 per is MO) Tan O pGyede e Yol, 21; now

glabrous on both surfaces, densely glandular beneath, sparsely
glandular above, 7 to 18 cm. long, 3 to 4.7 cm. wide, chartaceous,
lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib. Petioles not
exceeding 3 mm. in length. Cymes glabrous, glandular; peduncles
glabrous, about 2.5 cm. long, slender. Calyx glabrous, glandular’

The type of Viburnum dielsii was collected by Pierre Julien
Cavalerie (no. 385) at Pin-fa, Kweichow, China, on September h,
1902. Li (19) describes the taxon as "A glabrescent variety of
the widely distributed species". Recent collectors describe it
as a woody or semi-woody shrub, 1--2 m. tall, the leaves almost
glabrous, the flowers fragrant, the corollas white, and the fruit
yellow (when immature?) or black. It has been found growing in
clay or sandy soil, along roadsides, at altitudes of 50--900 m.,
flowering in January, June to September, and November, and fruit-
ing in July and August. While Ching calls it "rare" in Chekiang,
Tsang refers to it as "fairly common scattered shrubs" in Kwangsi
and "fairly common" in Kwangtung.

Li (1944) cites: CHINA: Chekiang: Chen 1), 793, 795; Re C.
Ching 1760. Kweichow: Cavalerie 385; Teng 900b. Kwangsi: W.
T. Tsang 27598, 27922; Wang 39374, 40371. Kwangtung: W. T. Tsang
21319.

For what he regards as var. subglabra Chang (1951) cites the
following: CHINA: Chekiang: R. C. Ching 1760. Hunan: Chang 56.
Kwangsi: Huang 0371.

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as
C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance.

In all, 5 herbarium specimens of C. rubella var. dielsii have
been examined by me. am

Citations: CHINA: Chekiang: R. C. Ching 1760 (Ca—-281529, W—
12,6638). Kwangsi: W. T. Tsang 27922 (W—1757337), 28598 (Ww
1757066). Kwangtung: VW. T. Tsang 21319 (S).

CALLICARPA RUBELLA var. HEMSLEYANA Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb.
29: 547--548. 1900.

Synonymy: Callicarpa chaffanjoni Léveillé in Fedde, Repert.
Sp. Nov. 9: 455, in obs. 1911. Callicarpa rubella hemsleyana Ev-
erett, Cat. Hardy Trees & Shrubs 16. 19)2.

Bibliography: Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 57--548. 1900;
Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 455. 1911; Rehd. inc. S.
Sarg., Pl. Wils. 3: 370. 1916; H. H. Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China
1 (1): 226. 192); P'ei, Sinensia 2: 67. 1932; Ptei, Nem. Sci.
Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 16, 35, & 0-1. 1932; Rehd.,
Journ, Arnold Arb. 15: 323--32h. 193; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert.
Sp. Nov. 40: 10h. 1936; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid
Names 10, 12, & 13. 1940; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben-
ac., [ed. 1], 56 & 87. 192; T. H. Everett, Cat. Hardy Trees &
Shrubs 16. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 8, 10, & 11.
1942; Pei, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 1: 3-4. 197; Ho N.& A. Le
Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 53 & 63. 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. :

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 91

1011. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2],
131 & 178. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 75 (1952) and : 191.
1953; Moldenke, Résumé 168, 17h, 242, & LS. 1959; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 14: 52° (1966) and 31: 163, 16h, & 331. 1971.

The original description of this taxon by Diels (1900) is
"Foliis brevissime petiolatis demum supra sparse setulosis subtus
glandulosis atque in nervis venisque sparse stellato-pilosis mar-
gine crenato-serratis serraturis quam eis typi magis distinctis.
2m hohes Baumchen mit 7,5 cm Stamm-Umfang. Blattspreite 10—-12 x
4,5--5 cm. S Nan ch'uan; T'an chia wan, Wald (BvR 390 -- fr.
Aug.!). Sehr auffallend durch die ae Reduction des Indumentes
(die in Sud-China sich tibrigens bereits anbahnt). Sonst von etwas
starkerer Serratur abgesehen kaum vom Typus (HB.) verschieden."
The collector here referred to is Baron A von Rosthorn and the
type locality is in Szechuan; the year of collection was 1891.

Rehder (1916) cites also Veitch Exped. 4318 from Szechuan and
notes "This variety differs from the type of the species only in
the slighter pubescence of the leaves and in their somewhat
coarser serration. In ‘Wilson's specimen, however, the under sur—
face of the leaves is much more densely pubescent than in Rost-
horn's specimen, but their dentation is much coarser and very un-
equal, the largest teeth being 6--8 mm. long and bearing from 1--
3 small teeth near their base; the leaves measure up to 18 cm.
in length and to 10 cm. in width."

Ptei (1932) cites: CHINA: Chekiang: Keng 848. Kwangtung: Chun
655; Tso 2072, 20752; Ying 7h. Kweichow: Chaffanjon 231; La-
borde 2507. Szechuan: Fang 72, 1636, 6030, 6286; Rosthorn 390;
E. H. Wilson, Veitch ixped. 1318 . It shoulc be noted, however,

csi et IN etiam gy BB ete i Byres ee

that the Chaffanjon 231, which he cites, is the type collection
of C. panduriformis Léveillé and this taxon has been reduced to

synonymy under C. longipes Dunn. P'ei comments in regard to C.

rubella var. hemsleyana: "This variety differs from its type by

its less pubescent leaves and longer peduncles", saying nothing

about the serration of the leaf-margins.

Recent collectors describe the plant as a small shrub, 1—2 m.
tall, with yellow stamens, anc have found it growing in the shade
of woods or in light woods and open thickets, at altitudes of
500--900 meters, flowering from May to August, and fruiting in
September and November. The corollas are described as ae
creamy-white" on Keng 843, "lilac" on Veitch Exped. 4318, "purple"
on Ying 7h), an Wpink" on Chun 655 and Tso | Tso 20 752. ae
names recorded for the plant ar are "ku kai t'sz" and "sai ip un mat".

Material has been misidentified anc distributed in herbaria
under the names C. cuspidata Roxb. and C. giraldciana Sa On the
other hand, the Liou 88h, distributed as rps rubella var. hemsley-
ana, is ania iaes:. Cc. longipes Dunn, while Tsiang 5462 is typical C.
Fubella Lindl.

In all, 11 herbarium specimens of this variety have been exam-
ined by me.

492 Pol YET. 0, ToOtGeteh Vol... 21,..ndse%

Citations: CHINA: Chekiang: Ching 2118 (W—-12)6183); Keng 8)8
(Ca--36184). Hunan: Fan & Li 572 (Bz——13601). Kwangtung: ng: Herb.
Canton Chr. Coll. 12560 Osis. t To & & Tsang 12008 (S); Ying 7h (Ca—

35802). Kweichow: Tsiang 5315 (s). HONGKONG: Ford s. s.n. 1. (N)5
Weiss 1586(Bz--17563); C. ‘right s.n. [Hong Kong] 7) (W--9963) . LO=
CALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED : i ae Henry S.ne (lit. Kellet, 28-
6-93] (N).

CALLICARPA RUBELLA f. ROBUSTA Ptei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3):
[Verbenac. China] 39. 1932.

Bibliography: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac.
China] 39. 1932; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 40: 103 &
10. 1936; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 13. 190;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 58 & 87
(192) and [ed. 2], 135 & 178. 199; H.-T. Chang, Act. Phytotax.
Sin. 1: 286. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 17) & 45. 1959; Moldenke,
Phytologia 1): 59 (1966) 1h: 221, 226, & 228 (1967), 16: 365
(1968), and 21: 225 & 33h. 1971.

Plei's original description of this form (1932) is "A robust
plant, leaves densely pubescent on both surfaces, obovate to ovate-
elliptic, shortly acuminate, base cordate, 6.5 to 11 cm. long, 3
to 6 cm. wide. The densely pubescent petioles are short, not ex-
ceeding 0.8 cm. in length. The peduncles are 1.7 to 2 cm. in
length, and densely pubescent. Kantung: Hainan, Five Finger Mt.,
McClure 9591!, May 1922, 'Shrub, 2 to 3 m. in height, flower
white'; Hainan, Napong ¥t., growing in ravines, Tak (Ts'ang) 850!
Sept. 1927, 'Shrub, 5 feet, fruit white'; Hainan, Tsang, Tang,
and Fung 15)!, May 1929, 'Shrub, 1m. in height, flowers violet! ."
Since he has des ieneted no geccttie type, all his citations must
be regarded as cotypes.

The plant has also been collected along streamsides and a ver-
nacular name for it is "lo hai ngan". The form is obviously very
similar to C. formosana Rolfe and I am not convinced that it is
really a form of C. rubella. It was reduced by Chang (1951)to C.
pedunculata R. Br., to which he also reduces C, formosana. Tsang
[Tak] 850 was cited by me as C. formosana in Phytologia ly: 221 &
226 (1967) and F. &. keClure 3038 as C. formosana f. albiflora
Yamamoto in Phytologia Te. 228 5 Liaterial has also been misiden-
tified and distributed in herbaria under the names C. giraldiana
Hesse and C. macrophylla Vent. _

In all, 6 herbarium specimens, all cotypes, have been examined
by me.

Citations: CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: F. A. McClure 3038
[Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 9591] (Ca——36630—cotype, , Ph=-cotype);_
W. T. Tsang 850 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16349] (Ca—326102——cotype,
N--cotype, W—-12),98)0--cotype); Tsang, Tang, & Fung 15) [Herb.
Lingnan Univ. 17685] (N—cotype) .

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 93

CALLICARPA RUDIS S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: Suppl. 80. 1925.

Bibliography: S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: Suppl. 80. 1925;
A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 63 & 87. 1942; Koldenke, Alph. List
Cit. 1: 207. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed.
2), 143 & 178. 19h9; Moldenke, Résumé 187 & 5. 1959.

The original description of this species by Moore (1925) is
"Arbor? vel frutex?; ramulis tetragonis crebro ramosis furfuraceo-
fulvo-tomentosis postea glabrescentibus; foliis petiolatis (prt.
1 cm. long.) ovatis obtusis basi obtusis nisi rotuncatis margine
repandis vel repando-denticulatis papyraceis pag. sup. glabris
costisque impressis pag. inf. minute farinoso-tomentosis costisque
(utrinque 6) costulisque uti reticulum eminentibus plerisque 6--10
x h--.5 cm.; cymis petiolis subaequilongis breviter pedunculatis
plurifloris uti pedicelli circa 2 mm. long. et calyx et corolla
farinoso-tomentosis; calyce truncato 1.5 mm. long.; corollae tubo
calyce paullo longiori (2 mm. long.) lobis ovatis obtusis 1.5 mm.
long.; antheris subinclusis fere 2 mm. long.; ovario farinoso-
tomentoso; drupa depressa globosa 3 mm. diam. S.j; Kotta Djawa,
Lampongs, 300 ft. 1355c. The relatively short and broad almost
entire leaves are a striking feature of the species."

My own observation, however, is that the leaf-blades are plain-
ly dentate on some specimens of this plant. It is obviously
closely related to C. erioclona Schau.

In all, 3 herbarium specimens of what is probably a part of
the type collection, and 1 mounted photograph of C. rudis have
been examined by me. eth

Citations: GREATSR SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Ii, O. Forbes 1355a
(N--isotype, N--isotype, N-—-photo of isotype, Vu--isotype).

ALLICARPA SACCATA Steen., Blumea 15: 1)7--19, fig. 2 a--j & 1--
0. 1967.

Bibliography: Van Steenis, Dlumea 15: 1)7--149, fig. 2 a--j &
l--o. 1967; Van Steenis, Biol. Abstr. 49: 4205. 1968; l:oldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 16: 12. 1968; lioldenke, Phytologia 20: 495 (1971) and
21: 39 & 4O. 1971.

Illustrations: Van Steenis, Blumea 1): 148, fig. 2 a--j & l--o.
1967.

Van Steenis (1967) describes this species as follows: "Affini-
tate C. havilandii differt foliis ovato-oblongis, longe acuminatis,
basi abrupte attenuatis, in saccas duas auriculiformis productis;
flores tetrameri. Typus, Sarawak, Sibat ak. Luang S 23637 (L). —
Fig. 2. A treelet 3--6 m; stems 3--7 1/2 cm&. Indument conspicu-
ous, all over coarsely brown hispid by more-celled, more or less
tubercle-based hairs, further a very short, puberulous tomentum
consisting of simple and stellate hairs, sparsely on the leaf,
densely and browmish on the stem and cymes; undersurface of the
leaves besides with fairly dense regularly interspersed, fine, pit-
ted glands, on the auricled lobes also large nectarial glands.
Leaves ovate- to elliptic-oblong, apex long-acuminate, base rounded
and abruptly narrowed, equal-sided or unequal-sided, widened into

hol Pon YE Loire Vol. 21, nosiy

two auriculiform, bullate sacs 1 — 11/2 cm long} margin shortly
dentate; blade proper c. 10--17 by 5--11 cm, in some specimens
markedly anisophyllous; petiole 1/2 -- 1 1/2 em. Cymes fairly
many-flowered, axillary on the old wood, c. 2 -——- 2 1/2 cm long.
Flowers h-merous . Calyx outside densely and shortly brown stel-
late-hairy, inside sparsely stellate-hairy, hypanthium in flower
thicker upwards; fruit calyx more distinctly cup-shaped with
minute teeth. Corolla tube twice as tong as the ); oblong blunt
lobes, in total c. 71/2 mm long. Stamens not protruding, style
slightly so. Ovary l-celled, each cell with 2 dissepiment-
attached ovules. Fruit almost globular, c. mm 4, with scat-
tered, yellow, pulverulent glands (as on the ovary), breaking up
into 8 segmental pyrenes; pericarp withering; each pyrene contain-
ing a small seed without endosperm and with 2 cotyledons ina
small outer cavity; besides all pyrenes with an inner empty, air-
filled cavity, obviously capable of floating."

The type of this curious species was collected on a hillslope
at Bt Iju, Ulu Arip, Balingian, at an altitude of 60 meters, Sara-
wak (Sarawak Herb. 23637), and is deposited in the herbarium of
the Rijksherbarium at Leiden. Van Steenis (1967) cites also
Ashton $.18286, Hirano & Hotta 1113, LE. Wright $.23866, and Sara-

waesomt pee: led | PU DATO AGE Raa —

wak Herb. 23773 & : 23728, all from Sarawak. He comments "From the
lowland to c. 450 m, on hill slopes, land slips along river,
clayey or sandy-clay soils. Ashton noted of his specimens that
branches are weak and sagging to the ground. The fruit is red or
bright red, petals, stamens, and style white; all parts covered
with rusty hairs." He also. remarks that "The species makes part
of an assemblage of rusty-rough-haired species of Borneo and the
Philippines. Its most remarkable feature is the sac-like auricles
at the base of the blade, reminding exactly of those of some
tropical American Melastomataceae belonging to the group of gen-
era Tococa, lhiyrmedone, liaieta, Microphysca, and Calophysa, which
have a similar formicarium. Of course, some other plants have
glandular auricles, as Adenia, but these are much smaller and not
ant-inhabited, like in ours. Thus it represents another example
of convergence among formicaria (compare Beccari, Malesia 2: 23).
In looking up some literature on the American genera mentioned a-
bove I found that Gleason (in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 3, 1935, 235) re-
marked that in Tococa guianensis 'formicaria are sometimes absent';
whether he means from some specimens or only occasionally from
some leaves is not quite clear. Anyway, in this new Callicarpa
all leaves possess these unique sacs. It is remarkable that the
cauliflorous inflorescences (only collected by Ashton) differ
markedly in structure from the axillary ones. This is also found
in C, involucrata.....; they are hardly branched fascicles on
knobs.....Affinity. Doubtless allied to C. havilandii (K. & G.)

H. J. Lam, C. superposita lierr., C. barbata Hidl., C. fulvohirsuta
Merr., all of Borneo; but the affinity affects also some Philippine
species. The present occasion shows the need of a thorough revis-—
ion of this sroup."

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 95

The species is known to me only from the literature. It should
be noted here, however, that if Van Steenis is correct in assign-
ing this plant to the genus Callicarpa, it will be the first
known species in the genus to have two ovules per ovary-cell and
8 seeds in the 8-segmented pyrenes.

CALLICARPA SALVIAEFOLIA Griff., Itin. Notes [Posthum. Papers 2:]
94 [as "salviae folia"]. 188,

Synonymy: Callicarpa salvifolia Griff., Itin. Notes [Posthun.
Papers 2:] 06, nom. subriud. 1848. Callicarpa salviifolia Griff.
apud A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933.

Bibliography: Griff., Itin. Notes [Posthum. Papers 2:] 9 &
06. 1848; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Razi, Rec.
ey: Surv. India 18: 9. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 7 & ll.
1962.

The original description of this taxon by Griffitn (1848) is
merely "1390. Frutex humilis ramosus baccis albis. Hazoo." Hill
(1933) states that it is native to Khasia, India. Razi (1959)
cites it as "ASSAM: Khasias" and claims that it is mentioned in
Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: 406 (1925), but I fail to find it there; in
fact, the pages do not go that high in that volume. Nothing is
known to me of this taxon except what is said of it in the lit-
erature listed above.

CALLICARPA SELLEANA Urb. & Ekm, ex Urb., Arkiv Bot. 22A (17):
108. 1929.

Bibliography: Urb., Arkiv Bot 22A (17): 108. 1929; A. W. Hill,
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 37. 1933; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov.
39: 303 (1936) and O: 9--51, 53, 120, & 123. 1936; Moldenke,
Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 7. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenac., [ed. 1], 26 & 87. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1:
185 & 188 (196) and : 1062 & 1066. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 47 & 178. 19h9; Moldenke, Résumé 56
& LS. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1): 150. 1966; J. A. Clark,
Gard ind. Gen. op. Pl. n.d.

In all, 7 herbarium specimens of C. selleana, including the
type, and ) mounted photographs have been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: HISPANIOLA: Haiti: Ekman H.
158) (I--photo of type, W--111861--isotype, W—179),90--isotype) ,
H.7995 (li--photo) .

CALLICARPA SHAFERI Britton & P. Wils. in N. L. Britton, Liem. Tor-
rey Bot. Club 16: 96--97. 1920.

Bibliography: N. L. Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 96—97.
1920; J. A. Clark, Card Ind. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1920; A. W. Hill, Ind.
Kew. Suppl. 6: 3h. 1926; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 39:
300 (1936) and 0: 70--73, 119, 121--123, 125, & 129. 1936; Mol-
denke, Geogr. Distrib. Avicenn. 5. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr.
Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 2h & 87. 192; Moldenke, Alph. List
Cit. 1: 11, 66, 186, 187, 221, & 316. 196; H. N. & Ae L. Molden-

496 PHY TOLOG TA Vol. 21, no. 7

ke, Pl. Life 2: 83. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 2h & 66
(1948), 3: 867 & 928--930 (1949), and h: 1038 & 1043. 199; Mol~
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 43, 45, & 178.
199; Alain in Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba {: 30h & 306. 1957; Molden-
ke, Résumé 50, 53, & 45. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 15h
(1966) and 21: 333. 1971.

Recent collectors have found this plant growing near brooks,
flowering and fruiting in August. The Acufia & Roig 16765, dis-
tributed as C. shaferi, is actually the type collection of C.
cubensis var. parviflora Moldenke. Cuesta 1017 and Ekman 11909 &
17930, previously cited by me as anomalous C. shaferi, are also
now better placed in C. cubensis var. parviflora.

In all, 16 herbarium specimens of C. shaferi, including the
type, and 10 mounted photographs has been examined by me.

Additional & emended citations: CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Shafer

333 (I--photo), 13526 (E—862661--isotype, F—l93059—Asotype,
Mi--photo of isotype, W—107863--isotype), 13532 (F—L93060, W—
1047864); Shafer & Leén 13526 [Shafer 3213] (Ha-—isotype), 13532
[Shafer 321}] (Ha). ISLA DE PINOS: Britton & Wilson 1845 (F—
459797, W—793L,78) -

CALLICARPA SHIKOKIANA Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 6: 5h, hyponym (1892)
and 18: 46—):7. 190).

Bibliography: Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 6: 54. 1892; Durand &
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 73. 1901; Mak., Bot. Mag. Tok-
yo 18: 6--7 (190i) and 24: 28. 1910; C. K. Schneid., Ill. Handb.
Laubholzk. 593. 1911; J. Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530. 1912;
Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 8. 1925; Nakai in Nakai & Koidz.,
Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 461. 1927; Nakai in Shira-
sawa, Icon. Essenc. Forest. Jap. 2: (Terasaki, Zoku Nipp. Syoku-
butzuhu] fig. 28). 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr.
2, 73. 1941; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1],
58 & 87. 192; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 185. 1948; Moldenke,
Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 13) & 178. 1949; Hatus.,
Journ. Jap. Bot. 26: 372. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 5: 100. 195k;
Masamune, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. : 47. 1955; Durand & Jacks.,
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 73. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 172, 28, &
LS. 1959; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees & Shrubs Jap.
219. 1960; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 764. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 162
(1966) and 21: 380. 1971.

Illustrations: Nakai in Shirasawa, Icon. Essenc. Forest. Jap.
2: (Terasaki, Zoku Nipp. Syokubutzuhu] fig. 248). 1938.

In his original publication of this binomial Makino (1892) said
merely "sp. nov. Tosamurasaki. Tosa: Iburi, Mt. Imano (T. Makino)".
Since the name can be associated with a specimen, it is thus not a
true nomen nudum but is what is called a hyponym in the original
definition of that term. Makino validated the name in 190); by means
of the following description: "A small tree; branchlets slender,
pulvereo—pubescent with curved short mimte hairs, mixed with min-

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 497

ute granular glands. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ellip-
tical-lanceolate, caudately long-acuminate, attenuately cuneate
toward the base, coarsely dentate with acute deltoid or depressed
deltoid teeth or obtuse ovato-deltoid teeth excepting the upper
and lower portions which are entire, 4—13 cm. long, 2—l; cm.
broad, membranaceous, thinly disparsed with pubescent hairs and
minute granular glands on both surfaces, and hairs denser on the
midrib and lateral veins; midrib prominent beneath; lateral veins
5--6 on each side, ascending, reaching the teeth; petiole pubes-
cent, 5-8 mm. long. Cyme supra~axillary, rather densely many-
flowered, peduncled, shorter than leaves but much exceeding the
petiole, ’ divaricately branched, 2 — 3 1/2 cm. across; peduncle
erect—patent or patent or slightly reflexed, 12-16 mm. long,
straight, pubescent and covered with mimte ’ pranular glands as
are branches of the cyme; bracts mimte, linear or lato-linear,
thinly pubescent externally. Flowers small, 3 mm. across, white,
shortly pedicellate, disparsed with minute granular glands. Cal-
yx 1 m,. long; broadly obconico—campanulate, l-nerved, shallowly
h-toothed, teeth depressed-deltoid, acutish. Corolla exceeding
the calyx, shortly campanulate-infundibuliform, -lobed, about
2.5 mm. long; lobes patent, orbicular, shorter than the tube.
Stamens , much exserted; filament filiform, glabrous, mm.
long; anther elliptical, 2-auriculate at the base, with gramlar
glands on the back. Style filiform, glabrous, scarcely longer
than the stamen; stigma shortly obconical and truncate. Ovary
mimte, included within the calyx, globose, with granular glands.
Berry numerous, 2 mm. across, purple. Flowers on July—August.
Hab. Prov. Tosa: Iburi (T. Makino! Oct. 25, 1885), Mt. Imano in
Hata-gori (T. Makino! Aug. 7, 7, 1889). 2

Callicarpa yakusimensis Koidz. is given as a synonym of C.
shikokiana by Hatusima (1951) and Ohwi (1965), but I regard Koid-
zumi's name as belonging in the synonymy of C. japonica var.
luxurians Rehd. Schneider (1911), in his discussion of what is
now called C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch, says "Hier scheint sich
C. Shikokiana Mak........aus Japan, prov. Tosa, anzuschliessen,
die auch mr 5—8 m lange B[latt]-Stiehle hat, in den B[lattern]
und sonst aber sich mehr C. japonica zu nahern. scheint ."

Material of C. shikokiana has been misidentified and distrib-
uted in herbaria under the name C. yakushimensis Koidz. On the
other hand, the E. H. Wilson 6050, distributed as C. shikokiana,
is actually Cc. oshimensis Hayata.

In all, 2 herbarium specimens of C. shikokiana have been ex-
amined by me, reel ae

Citations: KYUKYO ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Yakushima: G. Masamune
s.n. [Yakusima, Aug. '37] (N); Tagawa & Motozi 18,7 (Ws).

XCALLICARPA SHIRASAWANA Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2: 28-29. 1910.
Synonymy: Callicarpa shirasawana Mak. ex C. K. Schneid., Ill-

ustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 591. 1911. Callicarpa mollis x japonica

498 Pt BX TO BpOcGe tok Vol. 21, no. 7

Schneid., Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 591. 1911. Callicarpa mollis
Shirasawa ex Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 1: 641, in syn. 1938 [not C.
mollis Koord., 1966, nor Matsumura, 1922, nor Req., 1839, nor
Sieb. & Zucc., 1844, nor Willd., 1840]. Callicarpa japonica x
mollis Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, pr. 1, 80h, in syn. 190.
Callicarpa japonica Thunb. x C. mollis Sieb. & Zucc. ex Hara, Emm.
Sperm. Jap. 1: 165, in syn. 1948. Callicarpa japonica x mollis
Mak. ex Rehd., Bibl. Cult. Trees 584, in syn. 1949. Callicarpa
mollis "sensu Shirasawa" apud Rehd., Bibl. Cult. Trees 584, in
syn. 1949. Callicarpa x shirasawana Mak. ex Li, Morris Arb. Bull.
Wy: 7. 1963.

Bibliography: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2:
[Jap. Laubh. Winterzust.] pl. 1) [Tafel 10], fig. 8. 1895; Shira-
sawa, Nippon Shinrin Jumoku Dzufu [Icon. Essenc. Forest. Jap.] 2:
pl. 70, fig. 20—27. 1908; Mak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2h: 28—-29.

1910; C. K. Schneid., Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 591. 1911; J.
Matsum., Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 530. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
4, pr. 1, 34. 1913; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit-
enz., ser. 3, 3: 24. 1921; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed.
2, 1: 462, fig. 219. 1927; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert, Sp. Nov.

4O: 86 & 115. 1936; Nakai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 1): 61. 1938; Rehd.,
Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, pr. 1, 80 & 932. 1940; Moldenke, Prelim.
Alph. List Invalid Names 12 & 13. 1940; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Sup-
pl. 1: 160. 1941; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed.
1], 71 & 87. 1942; T. H. Everett, Cat. Hardy Trees & Shrubs 16.
1912; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 10 & 11. 1912; Hara,
Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 185. 1948; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Pl. Life
2: 83. 1948; Rehd., Bibl. Cult. Trees 58). 1949; Moldenke, Known
Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 157 & 178. 199; Moldenke,
Phytologia 3: 380. 1950; W. J. Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort.
Soc. Dict. Gard. 1: 358 & 359. 1951; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h,
pr. 2, 3h. 1958; Moldenke, Am. Midl. Nat. 59: 335. 1958; Moldenke,
Résumé 171, 214, 2hh, 245, & 4S. 1959; Kriissmann, Handb. Laubgeh.
1: 253 & 255. 1959; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2, pr. 9, 80h &
932. 1960; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr..Trees & Shrubs Jap.
220. 1960; Li, Morris Arb. Bull. 1): 7. 1963; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 76h
& 998. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 31 & {33 (1966), Ly: 142
(1966), lb: 25h (19675, 15: 30 & 3h (1967), and 21: 43, 20, &
382. 1971.

Illustrations: Shirasawa, Bull. Coll. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ. 2:
[Jap. Laubh, Winterzust.] pl. 1, (Tafel 10], fig. 8 [as "C. mol-
lis"]. 1895; Shirasawa, Nippon Shinrin Jumoku Dzufu [Icon. Essenc.
Forest. Jap.] 2: pl. 70, fig. 20—27 [as "C. mollis"] (in color).
1908; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 2, 1: 62, fig. 219.
1927.

Makino's original (1910) description of this plant is as fol-
lows: "A small deciduous shrub, ramose; branches terete, umber;
branchlets erect-patent, rather thinly (but denser towards the top)
adpressedly covered with stellate hairs; bud densely covered with

1971 Moldenke, Monograph of Callicarpa 99

stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, opposite, obovato-lanceolate,
obovato-oblong, elliptical, but often ovato-elliptical in the in-
ferior ones, abruptly caudato-acuminate at the apex, acute or ob-
tuse at the base, serrate, chartaceous, shortly thin-puberulent
and minutely thin-granulato-glandular above, sparingly stellato-
hairy and minutely granulato-glandular beneath, 2 1/2 — 11 cm.
long, 11/2 — 3 3/h cm. broad; midrib prominent beneath; veins
about 5--8 on each side, erect-patent, somewhat arcuate upwards;
veinlets finely reticulated beneath; petiole rather thinly cov-
ered with stellate hairs, 4--11 mm. long. Cymes axillary, small,
much shorter than the leaves but exceeding the petiole, many and
densely flowered, peduncled; peduncle strict, usually longer than
the petiole, densely or thinly covered with stellate hairs, at-
taining about 10 mm. long in flower; branches and pedicels short,
thinly covered with simple forked and stellate patent hairs;
bracts minute, linear, obtuse, ciliated, deciduous, very rarey
leafy and about 1 cm. long; bracteoles usually shorter than the
pedicels. Flowers small, lilac; pedicel shorter than the flower.
Calyx short-campanulate, -fid with obtuse sinuses, viridescent,
thinly pubescent and ciliated with simple forked and stellate pa-
tent hairs, dispersed with mimute granular glands, about 2 m,
long in flower, persistent and slightly enlarged in fruit; lobes
deltoid, subobtuse. Corolla exserted, scarcely longer than
twice of the calyx, dispersed with minute granular glands exter-
nally; limb patent, -fid; lobes orbicular; tube campanulate,
longer than the limb. Stamens , exserted, erect, inserted at
the base of the corolla-tube; anther rather large, lato-oblong,
bifid at the base, nearly 2 m. long, covered with minute granu-
lar glands towards the connective on both sides; filaments fili-
form, glabrous. Style erect, exceeding the stamens in height,
filiform, gradually enlarged above, glabrous; stigma thickish,
obliquely truncate; ovary globular. Fruit violet, globose,
smooth, 4-6 mm. across, more or less exceeding the persistent
hirtello-pubescent calyx; pyrenae oblong, compressed, hardly
curved, smooth, stramineous, about 3 m. long. Nom. Jap. Inu-
murasakishikibus (nov.) Hab. Prov. Musashi: Tokyo Bot. Gard.
ea cult. (1. Makino! June 13, and July 26, 1895, Dec.
1909).

"Probably a hybrid between Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and C.
mollis Sieb,. et Zucc., and the plant in the Botanic Garden of
the University of Tokyo is the only living specimen hitherto
known. It differs from C. japonica Thunb., which has the thinner
and glabrescent leaves and shallowly lobed calyx; and from C.
mollis Sieb. et Zucc., which bears the more densely hairy leaves,
more deeply lobed and more hairy calyx, larger flower, and fewer-
flowered cyme."

Nakai (1938) adds"This plant is an hybrid between Callicarpa
japonica and Callicarpa mollis with the characters of the former
more predominated. The Korean specimens bear the leaves like
those of Callicarpa japonica f. rhombifolia". He cites Nakai

500 PHY TOL 0 G2 A Vol. 21, no. 7

12078 from Kait6 Island, Korea. Li (1963) says of the hybrid "It
occurs naturally around Tokyo (Nakai 1922). It has elliptic to
ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong leaves which are serrate along
the margins and sparingly fasciculate-pubescent and glandular be-
neath. The calyx is distinctly lobed and the flowers lilac in
color. A small plant of this hybrid is represented in the Morris
Arboretum collection."

Schneider (1911) says "Nach Makino.....hat Shirasawa keine
typische mollis abgebildet, sondern wahrscheinlich eine mollis x
japonica, “die Makino als C. Shirasawana beschreibt. Doch sind
die Bl[utter]-Unterschiede gegen mollis gering, diese ist noch
reicher beh[{aart] und der K[elch] noch tiefer geteilt."

In my 1936 work I followed Bakhuizen van den Brink (1921) and
reduced xC. shirasawana to synonymy under typical C. Japonica
Thunb. because specimens seen by me up to that time so labeled in
herbaria and taken from horticultural material seemed indistin-
guishable from typical C. japonica. Apparently these specimens
were misidentifications._

It should be noted here that the C. mollis accredited to Koor-
ders in the synonymy given above is actually a synonym of C.
caudata Maxim., that of Matsumura is C. oshimensis var. okina-
wensis (Nakai) Hatus., that of Requien and of Willdenow is C.
acuminata H.B.K., and that of Siebold & Zuccarini is a valid spe-
cies.

The hybrid has been found in the wild state -- contrary to
Makino's statement — at 300 meters altitude, flowering in June,
and the common names "“inu-murasaki" and "inu-murasakisikibu" are
recorded for it, in addition to the variant listed by Makino.
Bean (1951) states that it was introduced into the horticultural
trade in 1895, but on what he bases this statement is not clear.

The W. R. Sykes 4/65, distributed as xC. shirasawana, is actu-
ally only C. =a Thunb.

Thus far only a single herbarium specimen undoubtedly repre-
senting this hybrid has been seen by me.

Citations: JAPAN: Honshu: Murata 16421 (W-—-290969h) .

eee SIMONDII Dop, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 506—
07. 1932.

Bibliography: P. Des Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 6: 500,
506--507 & 512. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 6. 1938;
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 59 & 87. 1942;
He Wa ke be Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 83. 198; Moldenke, Known Ge-
ogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 136 & 178. "1995 Anon., Ul Se
Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: U3Chy 2 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 175
& 45. 1959.

The original description of this plant by Dop (1932) is "Frutex?
Ramuli subquadrangulares tomento denso farinoso stellato obtecti.
Folia membranacea, elliptica vel paullo elliptico-obovata, basi
obtusa interdun acuta, abrupte et breviter acuminata, regulariter
et tenuiter denticulata praeter basim....." [to be continued]

BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke

"RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY" edited by J. R.
Parmeter Jr., iv & 255 pp., illus., University of Califor-
nia Press, Berkeley, California 9720, Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia & London. 1971. $11.50.

This fine monographic study has had a long gestation: con—
ceived by an American Phytopathological Society Symposium at
Miami in 1965, prefaced in 1967, dated by Library of Congress
Catalog card 1969, copyrighted 1970, and published 1971. Its
main well-fulfilled goals are "(1) to bring together and inte-
grate all of the available information on R. solani [specific
epithet capitalized on p. 199] in all of its various aspects,
and (2) to compile a literature list that, directly or indirect—
ly, provides access to all of the important works [more than
1,000 references, only 2 as late as 1968, so that]....any worker
needing information or contemplating research on R. solani can
start with this volume, knowing that the literature has been
thoroughly reviewed."

Part I covers a century of historical survey, taxonomy of the
imperfect and perfect (basidiomycete Thanatephorus cucumeris
(Frank) Donk) stages, morphology and cytology, and asexual and
parasexual recombination, mutation and heterokaryosis mechanisms
of variation in this "fungus that occurs throughout most, if not
all,of the world's land mass."

Part II deals with the physiology, metabolism, colonization
and soil growth of this organism as a saprophyte.

Part III deals with all phases as a pathogen -- the diseases,
penetration, epidemiology and control. R. solani "probably
causes more different types of diseases to a wider variety of
plants over a larger part of the world and under more diverse
environmental conditions, than any other plant—pathogen
species."

There are many excellent line drawings and photographs es-
pecially of ultrastructures, cultures and pathological effects.
The work is well indexed.

"REMOTE SENSING: With Special Reference to Agriculture and Fores-
try" by the Committee on Remote Sensing for Agricultural
Purposes, National Research Council, xiii & 2) pp., illus.,
ea Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20418. 1970.

12.95.

The detecting and characterizing of many agricultural and
forestry phenomena as well as other surveys of the earth's sur-
face have recently been revolutionized by the remote sensing
techniques using "the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and micro-

501

502 PET TOLGGITA Vol. 21, no. 7

wave regions of the electrpmagnetic spectrum to collect data that
give a measure of the reflectance, emittance, dialectric constant,
surface geometry, and equivalent black~body temperature of plants,
soils, and water". These data will permit (a) identification and
area measurements of the major agricultural crop types; (b) map-
ping of soil and water temperatures; (c) mapping of surface water,
including snowpack; (d) mapping of disease and insect invasions;
(e) mapping of gross forest types; (f) mapping of forest-fire
boundaries; (g) assessment of crop and timber-stand vigor; (h) de-
termination of soil characteristics and soil moisture consition;
(i) delineation of rangeland productivity; (j) mapping of areas
of high potential forest-fire hazard; and (k) mapping of major
soil boundaries.

There are papers by several different scientists working in
this nascent field, each with its om bibliography. The statis-
tical problems are in themselves difficult, but are presented
with clarity. The present and future research needs are mind-
staggering. The illustrations consist of copious charts and won-
derful photographs, many aerial and often in color. This book
will surely be the definitive one in the field for a while, yet
it has no general index.

Index to authors in Volume Twenty-one

Adams, C. D., 65, 05 Morton, C. V., 56, 165
Degener, I., 72, 97, 139, 315, Pollard, G. E., 433

320, 369, 411 Reed, C. F., 6
Degener, 0., 72, 97, 99, 139, Roberts, J., 279

315, 320, 369, yaa Robinson, H., 1, h, 6, 22, 26,
Dressler, R. L., 433, hhO 28, 289, 29h, 298, 302, 30h,
Feddema, C., 308 306, 389, 394, 396, 398, 100,
Hale, M. E., dre, 25 402

King, R. M., 22, 26, 28, 29h, Rudd, V. E., 327
298, 302, 304, 306, 394, 396, Smith, L. B., 73

398, 00, 02 Stearn, W. T., 137
Korf, R. P., 201 Thompson, H. J., 279
Miller, H. A., 243 Windler, D. R., 257

Moldenke, A. L., 63, 131, 196, Wurdack, J. J., 115, 353
255, 3h9, 420, 501

Moldenke, H. N., 31, 32, 101,
1h6, 149, 208, 253, 267, 319,
328, 352, 375, 17, 426, bbb

Index to supra-specific scientific names in Volume Twenty-one

Abronia, 280
Acacia, "370
Acanthodesmos, 405-07
Acetabularia, 131
Acidodontium, 9
Acrobolaceae, 18
Acrohypnella » 248
Acrolasia, 380, 287
Actinodontium, ”2h9
Adelothecium, 1), 29, 250
Adenia, 9)
Adiantum, 431

Agave, 98

Ageratina, 39)
Ageratum, 00

Agrostemma, 3)9
Aigialodes, 327
Aldama, 308-313
Aleuria, 206
Aleurites, 315
Allamanda, 98
Allium, 255, 350
Allomaieta, 360, 361
Alloneuron, 360-36)
Allophylaria, 203
Alloplectus, 165, 166, 170, 178
Alsodeia, 59
Alyxia, ~ 372
Amblyarrhena, 121
Amblyotropis, 29
Amblystegiaceae, 292

Amictonis, 9

pacalens ee y

la, 425
feettieton, 138
Anaectocalyx, 360, 361

Anagallis, 351
Anastraphia, 07

Andreaeaceae, 290
Andreaeales, 289, 290

Andropogon, 1,08
uraceae, 2]

503

Annonaceas, 100
Anoectochilus, 371
Anomobryum, 9
Anthocerotaceae, 17
Anthocerotas, 293
Anthurium, 65

Antillia, 396-399

Aparaphysaria » 202
Aphis, 43
Arabidopsis, 351

Araceae, 65
Araliacese, 66
Arbutus, 271
Archboldiella, 2h9

Archephemeropsis, 250
Archifissidentaceae, 291

Archilejeunea, 20
Areca, 105

Ergemone, 315, 318, 319
A xiphium, 37)
Arthrodontaceae, 290
Artorima, ]39

Asclepiadaceae, 137
Ascobolus, 202, 205

Ascocoryne, 202

Ascocoryneum, 20)

Asplenium, 371

Astelia, 373

Asteraceae, 29), 297, 298, 301,
302, 304, 306, 39h, 396, 398-
400, Lok,

Asteriscium, 390

Atractilina, 3)

Atractylocarpus, 1,
Aulacomniaceae, is

Ayapana, 30l;

Barbula, 2, 389, 390, 393
Barrosoa, 22, 25-28, 30
Bartramia, 9
Bartramiaceae, 9, 10,292

Basidionycetes, 1122
Bazzania, 17

50

Bellia, 250
Bischofia, 220
Blakea, 128, 129

Blastocaulon, 267, 268, 26
Bletia, ))0

Blumeriella, 202
Boedijnopeziza, 202
Boletaceas, 63

Bombax, 220

Botryosphaeria, 34
Brachycolumna, 1,35
Brachytheciaceae, 14, 292

Brachythecium, 14
Brassica, 351
Breutelia, 9
Bromeliaceae, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81,
33, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95
Brunelliaceae, 22
Brya, 07
Bryaceae, 9, 290, 291
es, 289-291
Bryatae, 290
Bryidae, 289, 290
obartramiaceae, 291
SS eistia 98, 351
Bryophyta, 289, 290
Bryopteris, 20
Bryoxiphiaceae, 291
Bryum, 9
Bufo, 98
Bulbostylis, 67, 307
Bulgaria, 203
Buxbaumiaceae, 291
Buxbaumiales, 289
Byssonectria, 202
Caesalpinia, a, 07
Calamaria, 270
Calceolaria, 57
Calia, 327
Callicarpa, 3 32-51, 53-55, 101-
109, 111-114, 119-159, 161-16),

328-348, 375-387, libs—$00
Callicarpae, 214

Callic » HO Ok tes. 361
Callicostella, 1), 219

Callicostellopsis, 28

Po FY 00 Bk

Vol. 21, no. 7
Callistopteris, 371

Calloria, 201, 203
Callorina, 201, 203

Calomniaceae, 291
Calomniales, 289
Calophysa, Calophysa, 9
Calymperaceae, 8, 291
Calyptothecium, 12
Campanulaceae, 67
Camphusia, 373

Campylopus, T,.3%2
Canellaceae, 100

Cannabis, 351
Carangium, 9
Carelia, 1,00, 01

Carelis, Ol
Carex, 272, 431

caaecreaa, 268, 426
Cassia, 9

Cassytha , 98
cawteiin, 27

Gatharcenion, 251
Catopsis, 73

Catoscopiaceae, 291
Cenangium, 20h
Centropetalum, ))3

Cephalozia, 18
Cephaloziaceae, 18

Ceratolejeunea, 20
Cercospora, 3)
Cervus, 98

Cespa, 269, 270
Cestrum, 351
Chaetomitriopsis, 28
Chaetomitrium, 28
Cheirodendron, 371

Chenopodium, Chenopodium, 351
Chiloporus, 359

Chiloscyphus, 18
Chloris, 1,08
Chrysanthemum, 351
Ciboria, 203
Ciceronia, 398
Cichoriun, 198
Ciliatula, 205
Cinclidotaceae, 291

1971

Citharexylum, 135, 147
Cladrastis, 327
Clermontia, 37)
Clerodendron, 213
Clerodendrum, 132
Climaciaceae, 292

Clidemia, 119, 122-126, 128, 130,
208-215, 217, 219-237, 239-22,

365-367
Coccoloba, 07
Coccomyces, 202
Coccothrinax, 07
Cocos, 320, 321, 323, 325
Codiaeum, 98
Coelogyne, 282, 438
Coleus, 332
Collandra, 166, 167
Cololejeunea, 20
Colubrina, 97
Columnea, 165-195

Colura, 20
Comanthera, 268
Commicarpus , 07

Compositae, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30,
297, 301, 308, 402, 405, 08,

Coniothyriun, 34
Conocarpus, 107
Conoclinium, 22, 25-30
Conostegia, 361
Cordierites, 203
Cornutia, 102, ho
Corvus, 373
Coryne, 202
Corynetes, 206
Cremanium, 358, 360
Crepidopteris, 371
Critonia, 298, 300, 02
Crossomitrium, 14, 2h9
Crossopetalun, 07
Crotalaria, 257, 259, 261,
26 3-266
Croton, 407
Cryphaeaceae, 292
Cryptarrhena, )4))3
Cryptarrheninae, 43

Index 505

Cryptocolumnea, 165, 166, 169
Cryptomeria, Bi,

Ctenidium, 16

Cuscuta. 149

Cyanea, 372, 37h
Cyathicula, 203
Cyathophoraceae, 248, 251
Cyathophorella, 251
Cyathophorum, 251
Cyclodictyon, 4, 5, 14, 29
Cyclosorus, 371
Cynanchum, 137, 138, 407
Cyperaceae, 66, 70
Cyphostyla, 360, 361
Cyrtomium, 371

Cyrtopodaceae, 292
Dalbergia, 147

Dalea, 281, 285

Daltonia, 2h7, 250

Daltoniacese, 247, 250

Davineia, 203

Dawsoniaceae, 290

Decachaeta, 29), 297, 298, 300,
301

Decastelma, 137

Degeneriaceae, 100

Dencoeliopsis, 201, 203
Dendroceros, 17

Dendropanax, 66
Deschampsia, 370
Dicnemonaceae, 291
Dicranaceae, 7, 8, 290, 291
Dicranales, 289, 290
Dicranella, 7
Dicranodontiun, 8
Dicranoloma, 8
Dicranopteris, 371
Dilaenaceae, 21

Dimorphocladon, 28
Dinema, 35

Diphysciaceae, 291
Diplasiolejeunea, 20

Diplolepideae, 290
Diploneuron, 246, 28
Disceliaceae, 291

Disconycetes, 207

506 PHYTOL OG ITA

Distichia, 277

Distichophyllaceae, 27-29
Distichophyllidiumm, 29
Distichophyllum, 29
Disynaphia, 22

Ditremexa, 98
Ditrichaceae, 290
Dodonaea, 370

Drepanolejeunea, 20
Drepanophyllaceae, 291
Drosophila, 370, 373
Drymonia, 165
Dryopteris, 371
Dubautia, 371, 372
Dumortiera, 21
Dyckia, 90, 95
Echinodiaceae, 292
Ectropothecium, 16
Edwardsia, » Wy

Elaeagnus, 2h2
Elaphoglossum, 371
Encalyptaceae, 291
Encalyptales, 289
Encelia, 200, 285
Encoeliella, 207
Encoeliopsis, 201, 203, 20)
Encyclia, 33-41
Enslenia, 137
Entodontaceae, 292
Entosthodon, 7

Ephemeraceae, 291
Ephemeropsidaceae, 250, 292
Ephemeropsidineae, 23, 250
Ephemeropsis, 2h7, 250
Epidendreae, 1,3
Epidendrum, 135, 433-42
Erechtites, 371, 372
Eriocaulaceae, 267, 269, 271,
eg 275, 2115 Ue, Het, 429,

Eriocaulan, 268

Eriocaulon, 268-278, 417, )26-
ae

Eriopus, 247, 2h9

Ernestia, 115, 116

Erpodiaceae » eBl

Vol. 21, no. 7

Eubryales, 289

Euchile, 43)

Eugenia, 372

Euosmolejeunea, 19, 20

Eupatoriastrum, 300, 306, 307

Eupatorieae, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30,
29h, 297, 298, 301, 302, 30h,
306, 394, 396-00, 02, ok

Eupatorina, 396-398, 02, oh

Eupatorium, 22-2), 27, 29, 295-
297, 299-301, 303-307, 395-399,
403, Oh, 408, hog

Eupomatiaceae, 100

Eustichiaceae, 291

Fabroniaceae, 292

Fimaria, 203

Fimbristylis, 66, 67, 272, 31

Fissidens, 7

Fissidentaceae, 7, 290, 291

Fissidentales, 289

Fleischmannia, 28, 30, 298, 300,
02

Fleischmanniopsis, 402-l0h

Fontinalaceae, 292

Fragaria, 351, 372

Fraxinus, 150

Freycinetia, 371, 373

Frullania, 19

Frullaniaceae, 19

Frutex, 105

Funariaceae, 7, 291

Funariales, 289

Fungi, 207

Gardenia, 70

Gentiana, 277

Gentianella, 272

Geodorum, 199

Geoglossum, 20)

Geopyxis, 202

Georgiaceae, 290

Geranium, 372

Gesneriaceae, 71, 165, 361

Geunsia, 156, 225, 232, 60,
470

Gigaspermaceae, 291
Gilibertia, 66

1971 Index 507

Gleditsia, 150 Higginsia, 202

Glochidion, hh9 Hinantandraceae, 100
Glomeropitcairnia, 73 Holomitrium, 8

Glossadelphus 15 Homalia, 12

ee "\27 Homalothecium, 14, 245
Glycine, 3 Hookeria, 1h, "2h7, 2h9
Gmelina, 220 Hookeriaceae, Uh, 15, 243, 2h6-
Gochnatia, 407 248, 252, 290, 292
Gonolobus, 137 eT se 243, 2h5, 247-29,
pass oe fe Hookeriineae, 243, 2h6, 248
Gramineae, 108 Hookerioideae, 247, 2h9
Grima, 371 Hookeriopsidoideae, 246, 248

Hookeriopsis, 14, 15, 28, 29

Grimmiaceae, 7,5 oo4 Hormidium, 43h

Grimmiales, 289

- Humaria, 20)
Grischowia, 117 ’
Groutiella, 10 ae 56-62 :
Grovesiella, 20) oe ae ag
Guayania 2 Hygrole jeunea,
Guzmania, he Pao “90, oh -‘HYlocomiaceas, 292, 293
Gymnolmia, 311 Hymenostyliella, 1-3
Gymnopsis, 308, 310, 311 Hymenostylium, 2
Gyptis, 22-26, 28, 30 Hyophila, 1
Haematoxylum, 1,07 Hypnaceae, 16, 217, 292
Heplolepidese, 290 Hypnella, 21,8

Liu, 1) Hypnelloideae, 26

ee 29, 295, 297-300, Bypnobryales, 289

30h, 305 Hypnodendraceae, 291

’

Hedwigiaceae, 292 Hypnum, 16

Hedyotis, )8 Hypochaeris, by

Heliantheae, 308 Hypochoeris, aie

Helicoblepharum, 26, 2)8 Be a cae, 13, 2h6, 2h

Slicers, Le e iypopterygsinese, 248, 251

pment |

uri, 2), aa ee
thus Pe nT

Hemiragis, 1. on intiaceae, 290

Henriettella, 126, 127 Jonidium, 56-62

Hepaticae, 1 17 ‘ 293 Ionomidotis, 203

Herberta, 17 Ipomoea, 98

Herbertaceae, 17 Isobryales, 289

Hexadesmia, 1,2 Isodrepanium, 15

Hexisea, Lh2 Isoetes, 270

Hibiscus, 98 Isopterygium, 16

Hierobotana, 31, 319 Jacquemontia, 318

508 PEIIOL OG Ts

Jacquinia, 107
Junellia, 253

Jussiaea, 372

Kalanchoé, 351
Koanophyton, 306

Labordia, 371

Lachnea, * 205

Taeliinese, hy3
Laetinaevia, 20
Lagenophora, 374
Lamiaceae, 22)
Lamprophyllum, 249

Larrea, 280-283, 285, 286
Lasiandra, 116

Lasiolepis, 27), 276
Lasiurus, 371

Leandra, 123, 125, 126, 355
Leguminosae, 200, 257, 327
Leiothrix, 352

Le jeuneaceae, 20, 21

renbophy acess, 292
9 oot
fat 20h,

Lepicolea, 17

Lepicoleaceae, 17
Lepidopilidium, 15, 2h9
Lepidopilum, 15, 2h9
Lepidoploa, 09
Lepidozia, 17
Lepidoziaceae, 17
Leptodontium, 8
Leptophyllum, 435

Leptoscyphus, 18

Leptostomaceae, 292
Leptostomataceae, 290, 291

Lepyrodontaceae, 292
Leskeaceae, 13, 1), 292

Leskeodon, *2h9
eskeodentpets, 2h9
Leucaena, 9

Leucobryaceae » 8, 290-292
Leucobryum, 8
Leucodontaceae, 292
Leucolejeunea, 20
Leucoloma, 8

Leucomiaceae, 27, 250, 292

Leucomium, 2,7, 250

Lippia, 253
Liquidambar, 150
Loasaceae, 279
Lobelia, 67, 372
Lockhartia, 3
Lockhartiinae, 3
Lolium, 351
Lophocolea, 16, 18
Lophocoleaceae, 18
Lopidium, 251
Lourteigia, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29
Lychnis, 3h9
Lychnophoraceae, 07
Lycopersicon, 351
Lycopodium, 371
lysimachia, 371, 37h
Macrocentrum, 35h
Macroglena, 3m
Macrolejeunea, 10, 20
raacer Toe, "10, 25, 391-393
Magnoliaceae, 100

Magnoliales, 100
Maieta, 125, 49h

Mamanira, 8, 105, 451, 452
Marattia, 97
Marcelleina, 205, 206
Marchantia, 21
Marchantiaceae, 21
Marsdenia, 137, 07
Meeseaceae, 291
Meiandra, 361
Meiracylliinae, dyhy3
Meiracyllium, )3
Melastiza, 20h
Melastoma, 128, 366
Melastomataceae, 19)
Melia, 98

Meliaceae, 351
Meliola, 3)
Mellichampia, 137
Memecyleae, 361
Mentzelia, 279-288

Vol. 21, no. 7

1971 Index 509
Meriania, 353, 35h Nertera, 371

Merianthera, 360 Nearophyilocees 370, 372
Metalepis, 137 Nicotiana, 9

Metaltelma, 137, 138 Nowellia, 20

Metastelma, 137, 138
Meteoriaceae, 11, 12, 292
Meteoriopsis, 11, 14
Metrosideros, 370, 371
Metzgeria, 21
Metzgeriaceae, 21
Mezobromelia, 73, 78
Miconia, 119-121, 356-360
Miconieae, 361
Microphysca, 494
Microsphaera, 2

Midotis, 207

Mikania, 100

Mitrula, 204, 206
Mittenia, 290, 293
Mitteniaceae, 290, 291, 293
Mittenothamnium, 16
Mniaceae, 9, 291
Mniadelphaceae, 27
Mnium, 9

Monachus, 371
Monochaetum, 117, 118, 360
Monoclea, 21
Monocleaceae, 21

Musci, 6, 252

Mutisieae, 407
Myristicaceae, 100
Myrmedone, 49)

Myrsine, 372

Myuriaceae, 292
Neckeraceas, 12, 13, 292
Nectria, 34

Nemataceae, 250, 292
Nematacineae, 243, 250
Nematodonteae, 290
Neobartlettia, 294-298, 300-303
Neocudoniella, 20)
Neohypnella, 15, 28

Neolecta, 20h

Neottopteris, 98
Neowimmeria, 372

Octopleura, 128
Octospora, 202

Odentochilus, 371
Odontolejeunea, 20
Odontoschisma, 18
Olivea, 148

Ombrophila, 20)
Omphalanthus, 13, 20
Omphalinae, 22
Ophioderma, 371
Ophioglossum, By ak

ja, 282
Orbilia, 20h
Orchidaceae, 433, hh0
Oresbios, 327
Orontobryum, 2146
Ortholoma, 166, 167, 172, 180,

181

Orthotrichaceae, 10, 291
Orthotrichales, 289
Osmop ’ 433
Osmophytum, 33-35, 438
Ossaea, 125-128
Oxymeris, 125

Pachyphylleae, Lh3
Pachyphyllinae, 3
Pachyphyllum, 143
Paepalanthus, 269, 417, 418
Palamocladium, 14
Palicourea, 68
Pandanus, 42, 97
Panicum, 373
Papillaria, iz
Parmelia, 25
Passiflora, 98
Pelea, 371-37h
Pellaea, 370
Peltolejeunea, 21
Pendadenia, 191
Pentadenia, 166, 169
Peperomia, 371-373

510 PaY Tt 0 L 0.6.04 Vol. 21, no. 7

Dartliay) 351, 352 Polytrichales, 289, 290
Peteravenia, 38), 395 Polytrichum, 7
Petitia, 16-148 Porella, 19
Peziza, 202-207 Porellaceas, 19
Pezoloma, 205 Porotrichum, 9, 12, 13
Phaeocollybia, 22 Poteranthera, 360
Phasoscherotinia, 205 Pottiaceae, 3, 8, 291
Phaeosclerotinia, 205 Pottiales, 289
Pharbitis, 351 Premna, 253, 254, 336, 345, 17-
Phialea, 203 ~ hi9, bis
Philonotis, 10 Prionodon, 10
Philophyllum, 250 Prionodontaceae, 10, 292
Phoradendron, 67 Prionolejeunea, 21
Phyllogoniaceae, 292 Pritchardia, 320-325
Phyllogonium, 12 Prosthechea, 37
Physalospora, 3h, Protosphagnaceae, 290
ola Protosphagnales, 29
Firtolacea, 372 Pseudodiscinella, 205
Pilopogon, 6 Pseudohelotium, 205
Pilotrichaceas, 13, 2h6, 2s8, Pseudonestor, 373
990, 292. Pseudotis, 206
Pilotrichella, 11, 12 Psidium, 98
Pilotrichidium, 26, 28 Psilotum, 98, 371

Pilotrichum, 13, 26, 28, 252 Psychotria, 69
Pinus, 150, 271, 347, Lik, 422 | Pteridium, 370

Pireella, 10 Pteridophyta, 371

Pisum, 351, 352 Pterobryaceae, 10, 11, 292
Pitcairnia, 91, 96 Pterobryon, 11
Plagiochila, 18, 19 Pterygophyllum, 249
Plagiochilaceae, 18, 19 Ptychomitriaceae, 291
Plagiotheciaceae, uh, 292 Ptychomniaceae, 292
Plagiotheciun, Plagiothecium, 1) Puiggariella, 16
Plagithmysus, 371 Pulparia, 205, 206
Pleurophascaceae, 291 Pulvinella, 250
Pleurothallidinae, 4)3 Pustularia, 206, 207
Pleuroziopsidaceae, 292 Pustulina, 206, 207
Plicaria, 206 Quercus, 271

Podochilus, 4h3 Racomitrium, 372
Pogonatum, 6 Radlkoferotoma, 00, 01
Pohlia, 9 Radula, 19

Poinsettia, 98 Radulaceae, 19
Polyanthina, 298, 301, 30) Railliardia, 370-372, 37h
Polystichum, 67 Randia, 70
Polytrichaceae, 6, 7 nach Rapanea, 372, Lh9

Polytrichadelphus, 6 Rattus, 373

1971

Rectolejeunesa, 21
Rhabdocaulon, 200
Rhacitheciaceae, 291

Rhacocarpus, 373
Rhacomitrium, 7, 372, 373

Rhacopilaceae, 10, 291
Rhacopilum, 10, 373
Rhizoctonia, 501
Rhizogoniaceae, 25-29%
Rhizogonium, 9
Rhynchospora, 67, 70, 27

Rhynchostegiopsis, 1s: 250
hostegium, 1)

Rhytidiaceae, 290, 292, 293
Riccardia, 21
Rigodiun, 292
Rolandra, 07
Rondeletia, 70, 71
Ronnbergia, 92, 96
Rosales, 22
Gailiniclla. 137
Rubiaceae, 68-70
Rumex, 139-146
Rutaceae, 351

Rutenbergiaceae, 292
Rutstroemia, 203

Rytidophyllun, qi
Sadleria, 371

Sagraea, 126, 366, 368
Salpinga, 354, 355
Sarcoleotia, 206
Sarracenia, )27
Sauloma, 250
Seaevola, 72

Scapania, 18
Scapaniaceae, 18
Scaphyglottis, 42
Schimperobryum, 29
Schinus, 98
Schistostegaceae, 2905 291
Schistostegales, 239
Schoemus, 70
Schomburgkia, Ve)
Scirpus, 277

Scleria, 70

Index S11

Sclerocarpus, 308-312
Scleroon, 147
Sclerotinia, 205
Seligeriaceae, 291
Sematophyllaceas, 15, 292

Sematophyllum, 15
Septoria, 18

Sida, 318
Silene, 3 351, 352
Simaroubaceae, 351

Sinapis, 351

Siphanthera, 360
Sodiroa, 73, 90

Sophora, 327, 411-16
Sophoreae, 327
Sorapillaceae, 291

Sowerbyella, 206
Spathium, Tha
Sphagnaceae, 6, 290

Sphagnales, 289, 290
Sphagnicola, 205

Sphagnidae, 290
Sphagnum, a 289

Sphenomeris, SWAl
Spiracantha, 07
Spiridentaceae, 291
Splachnaceae, 291
Splachnobryum, 291
Sporobolus, 07
Spragueola, 20)
Squamidium, 10, 12
Stachytarpheta, 25),
Staphidium, 12h, 128
Stenanthus, 166, 167, 178
Stenodesmus, 250
Stenodictyon, 28
Stenoglossum, 41, 2
Stenophyllus, 66
Stictolejeunea, 21
Stomatanthes, 2h, 25
Strobilonycetacese, 63
Stygnanthe, 1¢

Styphelia, dip

odon, 247, 250

Symphyodontaceae, 247, 250, 292
Symphyogyna, 21

512 PHY fT 0 L-O°G T's Vol, 21, no. 7

0 s, 2h Trichocoleaceae, 17
Symphysodontaceae, 27 Trichostomaceae, 291
Syngonanthus, 418 Trichostomopsis, 390
Boers, 8, 390-392 Trichostomun, 389, 391
Syrrh opodontales, 289 Tuberales, 207
Syzygium, 372 Tubiflorae, 199
Tainionema, 137 Tylimanthus, 18
Tarzella, 206, 207 Tylodontia, 137
Tateanthus, 360 eens 207
Taxilejeunea, 21 es 07
Taxithelium, 15 » 452
Tectona, 132 ee 298, 300, 301, 30h,
Tetragamestus, hh2
Tetraphidaceae, 290 aera Ch 371

Tetraphidales, 289, 290

Tetrastichum, 29 Vandenboschia, 371

Thamniopsis, 246, 248 Velutaria, 207

Thanatephorus, 01 Velutarina, 201, 207

Theliaceas, 292 veers ae &.

Thuidi x 292 Bt ey ’
acons, 13, 1h, 29 Vernonia, 410

ae: ogi Vernonieae, 05, 07
Tibouchina, 116 Vesicularia, 247
Tillandsia,73,77,80,81,89,92,93 Vestoulariopsis, 250
Tillandsioideae, 73 Viola, 56, 59-61, 373
Timmiaceae, 291 een?

Timmiella, 1-3 Violaceae, 56
Tococa, Lok aS red
Tometax, 328 itaceae,
Topobea, 129, 130 Vitex, Lig
Toppingia, 371 Vriesea, 73-75, 77-79, 81-83,
Tortula, 390, 391 89, 30, 93
Trac Trachyle jeunea 5 2)! Waltheria ’ 318
Trachyphytum, 279 Wardiaceae, 292

Winteraceae, 100

T fad aches
rachypodaceae, 292 hium, 3¢1, 362

Trematolobelia, 371, 372

Trichantha, 170, 179, 180 Yucca, 281-283, 285, 286
Trichocolea, 17 Zyzygium, 19

Publication dates of Volume Twenty-one

No. 1 — January 4, 1971 No. 5 —— June 9, 1971
No. 2 — March h, 4971 No. 6 == July 15, 1971
No. 3 — April 5. 1971 No. 7 — July 22, 1971

No. 4 — May 13, 1971

New

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