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PHY TOLOGIA:
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Designed to expedite botanical publication - ,
Vol. 28 May, 1974 No. 1
CONTENTS
MORTON, G. H., A new subspecies and other nomenclatural changes in
on padre urguta Complies 25 3. ik nee ala ed 1
DUKE, J. A., Notes on Meo and Yao poppy cultivation ............. 5
MOLDENKE, H.N., Additional notes on the genus Acantholippia. IIJ.... 9
WURDACK, J. J., Notes on Brazilian Polygalaceae...............-. 10
SHERWOOD, M., A new Hyaloscypha from New York.............. 15
CROIZAT, L., Epiphyllum steyermarkii, a new Cactaceae from Venezuela .. 17
READ, R. W., Tillandsia adamsii a new Jamaican species............. 21
Smee ae... Votes on-Bromeliaceae, XXV ;.. 2.4 hese c as beeen 24
ROBINSON, H., & BRETTELL, R. D., Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae).
om, Freliminary survey of the genera . )o-05 5% <b tin» ee 43
ROBINSON, H., Additions to the genus Taxiphyllum (Hypnaceae, Musci). . 64
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CXX. Additions to the genus Koanophyllon in Panama....... 67
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CXXI. Additions to the genus Fleischmannia
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
Raa. -A new genus; Sariorind:2. . 2 cca wee ee ee 97
MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants—LXVI ...... 101
EE A Fn, BOOK TEVIEWS . cs oa os x we OR ee 102
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XIX ...... 104
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U‘S.A. x
Price of this number $2.50; per volume $8.50 in advance or $9 at close
of volume; 50 cents extra to foreign addresses
A NEW SUBSPECIES AND OTHER NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES
IN THE SOLIDAGO ARGUTA COMPLEX
Gary H. Morton
Department of Botany - Rutgers University
Newark, NJ 07102
Since the treatment of the Solidago arguta com-
plex will be published in parts with the keys and
description of taxa last, it has become necessary to
propose the following changes and new subspecies.
Table 1 provides the synonymy to facilitate usage of
several current treatments.
SOLIDAGO ARGUTA ssp. BOOTTII (Hook.) G. Morton, stat.
nov. S. boottii Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ls 97.
1835. as to type, not of authors.
The fragmentary type on a mixed sheet is clearly
identifiable as the specimen collected by Drummond in
Louisiana. The few remaining upper cauline leaves
possess hairs on the abaxial midvein, which indicates
that the name should be applied to those plants that
were previously referred to as S. strigosa Small.
This application is further supported by the fact
that all herbarium specimens from Louisiana have
hairs on the midveins.
SOLIDAGO ARGUTA ssp. CAROLINIANA (Gray) G. Morton,
Stat. nov. S. eTteys var. caroliniana Gray,
Syn. Fl. Nie AM L2 is ILS ISic i .
This taxon is composed of both diploid (2n=18)
and tetraploid (2n=36) individuals. In my disserta-
tion I considered individuals of the different ploidy
levels as distinct entities and annotated them as S.
vaseyi Heller (2n=36; basionym, S. arguta var. car-
oliniana) and a new taxon under S. arguta, using the
subspecific epithet austrina (2n=18). Additional ma-
terial that has come to my attention indicates that
the distinctiveness was due more to the populations
available for study than to the actual situation.
SOLIDAGO ARGUTA ssp. PSEUDOYADKINENSIS G. Morton,
ssp. nov.
Caules e caudice verticali brevissimo perenni
lateralites adscendentes-erecti (rhizomate horizon-
tali nullo); folia basalia elliptica, glabra, laminis
plerumque minus quam 3 cm latis, saepissime 4 ad 6-
al
2 Pow Y, T OL OiGeE a Vol. 28, no. 1
plo longioribus quam latis, in petiolum alatum con-
tractis; involucris 4-6.5 mm altis; ligulis plerum-
que 4-6; achaeniis strigosis. 2n=18.
TYPE: North Carolina; Bladen County, sandhill,
5.2 mi. south of Ammon on Route 242, July 18, 1969,
G. Morton #3765. Holotype TENN; Isotypes NY, GH,
SMU.
DISTRIBUTION: Open woods, wooded borders and
clearings, usually in sand or sandy soils; Piedmont
and Coastal Plain of North Carolina and northern
South Carolina extending also into southeastern Vir-
ginia and northeastern Georgia.
This new subspecific name is necessary because
the various names previously used are now attributed
to other taxa.
SOLIDAGO X YADKINENSIS (Porter) Small (pro sp.)
S. yadkinensis (Porter) Small, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 22: 368. 1895. S. boottii var. dkinensis
Porter, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 19: 129. 1892.
The anthers of the disk florets of the holotype
are without pollen. Although the holotype could be
referable with some stretching to S. arguta ssp.
pseudoyadkinensis, the series of specimens collected
by Small a year later at the same location clearly
indicates that all the collected specimens are part
of a hybrid swarm. One of the parents is S. stricta
or a closely related species. The other parent might
possibly be found among S. juncea, S. arguta ssp.
caroliniana or ssp. pseudoyadkinensis. The holotype
is some stage of backcrossing with the latter type
of parent.
SOLIDAGO X NEUROLEPIS Fernald (pro sp.) S. neuro-
lepis Fernald, Rhodora 38: 212. tab. 421, 22.
fap ale 1 O36.
Only two specimens are known for this taxon.
The pollen stainability is reduced (78%) in the holo-
type. The morphology is intermediate enough to sug-
gest that the parents might be sought among S. ul-
mifolia or S. rugosa ssp. aspera and S. arguta ssp.
arguta or ssp. caroliniana.
1974 Morton, The Solidago arguta complex
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Mr. Rupert Barneby of the
New York Botanical Garden for assistance with the
Latin description and also Dr. Arthur Cronquist of
the same institution for helpful comments after
reading the manuscript.
Literature Cited
Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th.
ed. American Book Company, New York.
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of
Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States
and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company,
Inc., Princeton, NJ.
nadgtord, A. F.,. H. E. Ahles-& C. R. Bell. 1968.
Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas.
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Small, J. K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora.
Published by the author, NY.
Vol. 28, no, 2
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Notes on Meo and Yao Poppy Cultivation
James A. Duke +
December 6, 1971, I visited a Meo village near Chiangmai,
Thailand, and December 16, 1971, a Yao village north of Van
Vieng, Laos. The following observations are based on these
visits and conversations with area officials.
The White Meo village of 2) families was founded in 1969.
The houses, with timber sidings, dirt floors, and one of
types of rat-infested thatch roofs, were permeated with smoke
from trixylic fires. Rice had been harvested and some was being
sun-dried. Popped rice was strewn on altars, characteristic of
the houses.
Within three miles of the village were at least five poppy
(Papaver somniferum L.) fields (Fig. 1), three with a few plants
already in flower. Most flowers were white, but some were
purplish. The Meo did not like early sporadic flowering, at-
tributing this to poor soil conditions. Some poppies grew in the
stubble of corn, harvested a few weeks earlier. Intercropped
with the poppy was an occasional taro or fruit tree. Some fields
were separated from the road by fences lined with pleasantly
aromatic plants of marihuana, Cannabis sativa L., 2.5 m tall,
with short internodes and swollen nodes. Dried Cannabis was of-
fered for sale.
Meo, Yao, Thai and Lao called marihuana canja or cansha, and
opium fin. Marihuana leaves were used in soups in southeast
Asia. Opium was used medicinally and there was some addiction,
estimated at about 10 percent among the Meo, 15 percent among
the Yao. In the hills, crude opium commanded about $25.00 to
$80.00 per kilogram. Many Meo and Yao planted poppies as a
money crop, paying other ethnic groups for rice and staples.
In Laos, thanks to AID officials, I visited a Yao village at
an elevation of about 1,000 m. Mr. Fletcher H. Poling and Mr.
Seng Dao of the USAID/Lao Economic Affairs Division, having com-
pleted a short study, stated that the 28-year-old village had 28
families. The houses resembled Meo houses, but had tin roofs.
According to Poling and Dao's data, the head of the average
family of 9 members was about 50 years old. A family averaged
about 15 chickens, 8 pigs, 2 cows, and 1 duck. There was about
ons horse for every two families, one buffalo for every four
families. An average family produced annually about 1,300 kg
Ionier, Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Plant Genetics and Germplasm
Institute, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. 20705
5
6 PHYTOL 0'G TA Vol. 28, no, 1
rice, $5.00 worth of vegetables, and 10 kg opium, reportedly
worth more than $750.00.
Castor bean, citrus (especially pummelo), coffee, guava, or-
ange, purging nut, and tobacco were cultivated in or near the
village. Most rice was grown below the village while other veg-
etables, fruits, and poppies were grown in the karst hills above
the village. Rather dense stands of Ageratum, Cassia, and Sambu-
cus occurred just outside the village. Steep trails ance
through cloud forest and bamboo brake in the limestone karst to
the poppy fields.
The interconnected poppy fields had been used for about three
years and would probably be used for about seven more. A youth
was clearing a forested area nearby, which, after burning toward
the end of the dry season, was to be sown to poppy in 1972. As
in the Meo field, charred stumps remained in the poppy fields.
Frequent large, bare spots, resulting partly from poor seeding,
partly fron intensive cultivation, were said to make poppy fields
recognizable in aerial photographs. The mixture of crops in
these Yao poppy fields should give them different photogrammetric
signatures from the nearly monospecific Meo poppy fields. The
Yao poppy fields (Fig. 2) had more than 25 interspersed crops,
among them, amaranth, balsam pear, banana and related spp., bean,
betel, cabbage, Chinese radish, corn, cucumber, dill, eggplant,
fennel, ginger, guava, kale, lemongrass, mint, mustard, onion,
papaya, pea, pineapple, radish, string bean and possibly yard-
long string bean, sugarcane, sweet potato, taro and yam bean.
Poppy seeds were broadcast periodically for several weeks
starting in November and early December. Seedlings, young plants,
flowering and fruiting specimens and harvested specimens all oc-
curred in one field. Unlike the Meo, these Yao preferred to
stagger the planting to stagger the harvest. Like Meo, the Yao
weeced carefully, and thinned out the seedlings. Unlike some
ethnic groups, the Meo and Yao did not eat the seedlings. in
these fields, white flowers were more frequent than purplish
flowers, which outnumbered carmine flowers. Fringed petals were
occasional, in all colors, as was spotting near the base of the
petals. The Yao believed that purplish-flowered poppies bloomed
sooner and had a darker, but equally potent, latex. At harvest,
pods were slit vertically on one side with a three-bladed knife,
preferably shortly after noon. Early the next day, the exuded
latex was scraped off into a small container with a spatula. On
the third day, the other side of the capsule was lanced. At the
village, the latex was mixed with water and boiled in a bronze
pail, then strained, and boiled until thick. Cooled opium,
kneaded into a dough-like consistency, was said to keep for sev-
eral years, enabling the farmer to hold some back for favorable
prices.
1974 Duke, Poppy cultivation 7
The Meo and Yao, unlike Turkish peasants, did not use the
seeds for oil or condiment. For the next year, the Yao selected
seeds from the biggest pods, dried them in the sun for a day or
so, and stored them in the "attic" in split bamboo containers,
not directly over the fire. Poisoned rice was spread to prevent
rats from eating the poppy seed.
Broad conclusions should not be drawn from a study of too few
poppy fields. A look at one group of Meo fields in Thailand and
Yao fields in Laos indicated that cultural conditions, intercrop-
ping patterns, photogrammetric signatures and poppies themselves
may vary widely in the poppy fields of southeast Asia.
Vig. 1. Meo Poppy Field Near
Chiengmai, Thailand (December, 1971)
(Cannabis sativa was frequent along fence lines)
Vol. 28, no. 1
POH Y 10) Gr OnG ek
Yao Poppy Field North of
Van Vieng,
Ss
s
Lao
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS ACANTHOLIPPIA. III
Harold N, Moldenke
ACANTHOLIPPIA Griseb.
Additional & emended bibliography: Pereyra, Bol. Univ. Nac.
Tucum4n Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 1-7, pl. 1 & 2. 1926; G. Klein,
Handb. Pflanzenanal. 2 (1): 762 (1932) and 3 (1): 601, 637, & 645.
1932; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 54 (1): 1171 [367]. 1932;
Covas & Schnack, Revist. Argent. Agron. 1): 229. 1947; Fester,
Martinuzzi, Retamar, & Ricciardi, Rev. Fac. Ing. Quim. 2: 37.
1955; Darlington & Wylie, Chrom. Atl. 32). 1956; Cabrera, Revist.
Invest. Agric. Buenos Aires 11: 327, 339, 33, 359, 366, 369, &
397, fig. le 1957; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray. Herb. 16h: 168.
1958; Anon., Dict. Cat. Nat. Agric. Lib. 38: 102. 1968; Bolkh.,
Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl. 71h. 1969; Tét-
ényi, Infraspec. Chem. Taxa Med. Pl. 109. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth
Summ. 1: 4, 181, 190, 191, 19h, 377, & 387 (1971) and 2: 553--557,
559, 564—567, 693, 753, & 84h. 1971; Hueck & Seibert in Walter,
Vegetationsmonog. Einz. Gros. 2a: 65. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr.
53: 5798. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 22: 294—298 (1972) and 23:
433 & 503. 1972; Rogerson, Rickett, & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 99: 156. 1972; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Fran¢. Pond. Trav. Sect.
Scient. & Techn. 12 (1): 2. 1972.
It should be noted that the Cabrera (1957) reference in the
above bibliography is dated "1958" on the printed index card in
the New York Botanical Garden library, a reprint from the Torrey
Botanical Club's Index to American Botanical Literature. Perhaps
this is the date of its receipt at that library. The title-page
of the number involved is plainly dated "1957".
ACANTHOLIPPIA DZSERTICOLA (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Lippia trifida var. gracilis Phil. in
Reiche & Phil., Fl. Chil. 5: 300. 1910.
Additional & emendec bibliography: Reiche & Phil., Fl. Chil.
5: 298, 300, & 301. 1910; Cabrera, Revist. Invest. Agric. Buenos
Aires 11: 397. 1957; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 168.
1958; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 181, 190, 19h, & 377 (1971) and
2: 553, 559, 565, 567, & Bl. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 53:
5798. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 22: 295 (1972) and 23: 433.1972.
ACANTHOLIPPIA HASTULATA Griseb.
Additional & emended bibliography: Pereyra, Bol. Univ. Nac.
Tucum4n Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 1—7, pl. 1 & 2. 1926; G. Klein,
Handb. Pflanzenanal. 2 (1): 762 (1932) and 3 (1): 601, 637, &
645. 1932; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5) (1): 1171 [367].
1932; Cabrera, Revist. Invest. Agric. Byenos Aires 11: 339, 33,
359, 369, & 397, fig. 1. 1957; Anon., Dict. Cat. Nat. Agric.
Lib. 38: 102. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 181, 194, & 377
(1971) and 2: 55 & 8hh. 1971. [to be continued]
9
NOTES ON BRAZILIAN POLYGALACEAE
John J. Wurdack
U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution
POLYGALA OPIMA Wurdack, sp. nov.
In systemate Chodatii P. spectabili DC. affinis, foliis
obovato-oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis apice plerumque obtuso
vel rotundato inflorescentiae bracteis brevioribus differt.
Suffrutex 15-30 cm altus unicaulis vel e basim 1-3-caulis;
ecaulis striatus sparse pilis incurvis 0.1-0.2 mm longis obsitus
glabrescens inferne lignosus; folia crassiuscula (3.5-)5-10
(11.5) X (1.5-)2.5-6 cm obovato-oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica,
apice obtuso vel rotundato minute (0.2-0.3 mm ) apiculato, basi
cuneata et in petiolum indistinctum usque ad basim decurrentia,
sparse vel modice ciliolata (ciliis 0.1-0.2 mm longis gracilibus)
alioqui glabra vel subglabra (costa supra et subtus interdum
pilis perpaucis obtecta), nervis primariis utrinque 10-12
ascendentibus costaque subtus crassiusculis nervulis incon-
spicuis; stipulae cornigerae 0.5-0.8 X 0.5-0.7 mm truncatae.
Racemi 5-11 cm longi grandiflori axe sicut pedicellis sepalis
exterioribusque sparse inconspicueque puberuli, pilis gracili-
bus incurvis ca. 0.1 mm longis, bracteis plerumque 1-2 mm longis
lanceatis deciduis, spineis cornigeris 0.7-0.9 X 0.4 mm conico-
cylindricis truncatis. Pedicelli 5-10 mm longi; sepala exter-
iora libera sparse ciliolata suborbicularia rotundata duo 3.5 X
2.7-3 mm subplana uno 6 X 7 mm naviculare; alae minute papillosae
13-15 X 12-13.5 mm ovato-orbiculares, apice paulo retuso,
margine glabro. Petala lateralia glabra ca. 25 X 2-3.5 m,
apice rotundato; carina ca. 19 mm longa glabra. Stylus ca.
15 mm longus basaliter per 10 mm 0.3 mm latus apicem versus 1 mm
latus et curvatus ad stigmata 1.5 mm latus, stigma inferiore
includens; capsula 9 X 8 mm obcordata glabra; seminis corpus
5 X 2.5 mm, carunculo terminali 1.2 mm alto, appendice dorsali
4 X 1.2 mm semen 2/3 aequante.
Type Collection: H. S. Irwin, R. Souza, & R. Reis dos
Santos 10816 (holotype US 2530401; isotype NY), collected in
cerrado ca. 15 km south of Corumbé de Goids, Serra dos Pirineus,
Goias, Brazil, elev. 1000 m, 30 Nov. 1965. "Fleshy herb ca.
15 cm tall. Calyx purplish green; corolla cream, apically
yellow; fruiting calyx deep purple.”
Paratypes (all Brazil): Distrito Federal (elev. 700-1225
m): Irwin & Soderstrom 6156, from Catetinho; Irwin & Soderstrom
5725, from 15 km east of Brasf{lia; Irwin, Souza, & dos Santos
9017, from 1.5 km east of Sobradinho; Irwin, Souza, & dos Santos
10108, from 3 km north of Sobradinho; Irwin, Souza & dos Santos
10583, from 12 km east of Brasl4ndia. Goias (elev. 800-1150 m):
Irwin & Soderstrom (512, from Serra do Caiapo ca. 60 km south of
Caiaponia; Irwin, Souza, & dos Santos 10565, from Serra do Rio
10
1974 Wurdack, Brazilian Polygalaceae sal
Préto 3 km east of Cabeceiras; Irwin, Grear, Souza, & dos
Santos 13826, from Serra dos Cristais ca. 25 km south of Crista-
lina; Irwin, Grear, Souza, & dos Santos 14245, from Serra Geral
de Goias ca. 35 km north of Formosa; A. Macedo 4785 (US), from
Anapolis; Irwin, Maxwell & Wasshausen 19367, from Pico dos
Pirineus. Minas Gerais: A. Macedo 4290, from Uberlandia.
Polygala spectabilis has thinner acuminate leaves, well-
defined petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long, and subulate inflorescence
bracts 3-8 mm long. Polygala autranii Chodat (isotype NY) has
fine-setulose (hairs 0.4-0.5 mm long) stems and leaves, as well
as inflorescence glands narrowly cylindric and 1.5 mm long.
All other species in Sect. Ligustrina except P. anatina Chodat
have smaller flowers and/or acuminate leaves; that Peruvian
exception (from the description and type photo) has obtusish
leaves and large flowers, but ciliate alae, narrowly cylindric
inflorescence glands 1 mm long, and a projecting lower stigma.
It is somewhat surprising that such an abundantly collected
species as P. opima has not heretofore been described, but the
foliar character seems definitive.
POLYGALA HEBECLADA DC. var. IMPENSA Wurdack, var. nov.
Foliorum laminae anguste ovatae vel ellipticae 2-5 X 1.3-
2.4 em. Floris alae 8.5-9 mm longae.
Type Collection: H. S. Irwin, R. Souza, & R. Reis dos
Santos 10449 (holotype US 2530423; isotype NY), collected in
cerrado ca. 8 km east of Cabeceiras, Serra do Rio Préto, Goids,
Brazil, 16° S, 47° W, elev. 1000 m, 18 Nov. 1965. "Erect herb
to 40 cm tall. Outer perianth greenish violet without, lavender
within; inner perianth lavender-purple."
Paratypes (both Goids): Irwin & Soderstrom 7367, from ca.
50 km. south of Caiapoénia on road to Jataf, Serra do Caiapo,
elev. 800-1000 m; Irwin, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 10780, from
ca. 14 km. south of Corumba de Goias, Serra dos Pirineus, elev.
975 m.
The typical variety of P. hebeclada and the minor depar-
tures described by Chodat have linear to lance-linear leaves to
about 0.5 em wide and alae 5-6.5 mm long (i.e. only about 3 the
area in var. impensa). Despite this gigantism, no qualitative
difference in floral structure is noticeable.
Certainly, two species are involved in P. hebeclada sensu
Chodat, one with short erect pedicels even in fruit, the other
with longer slender pedicels recurved in fruit. From the
Macbride photographs, the former is P. hebeclada DC. (left-hand
sprig in Macbride photo 34962, annotated -- fide Macbride -- by
Candolle. The central sprig in this photograph also seems to
be P. hebeclada, although apparently a part of the St. Hilaire
collection of P. hyssopifolia St. Hil. & Moq., while the right-
hand branchlet shows pendulous pedicels). In publishing
P. hyssopifolia in 1828, St. Hilaire and Moquin cited P.
hebeclada (published in 1824) as a synonym; the following year
in Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis, they synonymized P. hyssopifolia
under P. hebeclada. St. Hilaire and Moquins’ name of 1828 thus
12 PHY TOLOG IA Vol. 28, no. 1
is eee cay quite apart from the probable species mixture
in St. Hilaire’s collection. If my interpretation of P.
hebeclada is correct, the next available name for the cernuous-
fruited species is P. rhodoptera Mart. ex Bennett (placed by
Chodat in synonymy under P. hebeclada). Polygala hebeclada and
P. rhodoptera are sympatric, ranging from Goias and Mato Grosso
to Parana in Brazil and eastern Bolivia.
POLYGALA IRWINII Wurdack, sp. nov.
In habitu P. bracteatae A. W. Benn. et P. cuspidatae DC.
affinis inflorescentiae bracteis terminalibus ellipticis differt.
Caulis 30-45 cm altus inferne plerumque simplex ad apicem
ipsem multiramosus apicem versus angulatus et paulo alatus
primum sicut inflorescentiae axis sparse puberulus pilis O.1 mm
longis erectis glabrescens. Folia numerosa inferne h-verticil-
lata et obovato-oblonga superne alterna et elliptica vel
oblongo-elliptica (1-)2-2.5(-3.5) X (0.5-)0.8-1.2(-1.5) cm,
apice late acuto vel obtuso, basi late acuta mucronata (mucro
acutissimo 0.3-0.4 mm longa), breviter (0.5-0.8 mm) alato-
petiolata modice pellucido-punctata sparsissime caduceque cilio-
lata (ciliis 0.05-0.1 mm longis), venis secundariis utrinque ca.
6 inconspicuis. Racemi numerosi densiflori plerumque 1.5-3 X
1-1.5 cm, pedunculis ca. 1 cm longis; bracteae caulinares
terminales abaxiales 1.7-3 X 1-1.6 mm ovato-ellipticae, apice
hebeti-acuto, adaxiales 0.7-1.3 X 0.3-0.5 mm lanceatae. Pedi-
celli ca. 0.3 mm longi; sepala exteriora libera sparse ciliolata
orbiculari-ovata sparse croceo-maculata, apice lato vel hebeti-
obtuso, duo 1.7-1.9 X 1.6-1.7 mm, uno 2.2 X 1.9 mm; alae 5 X
3-3 mm obovato-ellipticae modice croceo-maculatae glabrae, apice
rotundato non cuspidato. Petala lateralia 4 X 1.7-1.9 mm
glabra, apice per 2.5 mm libero rotundato; carina (crista
exclusa) ca. 3.5 mm longa, crista e flabellis duobus 0.5-0.8 mm
longis paulo (0.2 mm) lobulatis composita. Styli pars gracilis
ca. 0.8 mm longa, apice expanso 0.9 X 0.8 mm, stigmate supero
ca. O.5 mm eminente infero semi-incluso. Capsula 2.8 X 1.6 m
oblonga glabra croceo-maculata; semina (carunculo excluso) Bos Ix
0.8 mm cylindracea nigra sparse pilis minutis praedita, carun-
culo terminali 0.6 mm alto, appendicibus descendentibus 1.8 mm
longis ca. 0.5 mm quam semine brevioribus.
Type Collection: H. S. Irwin, J. W. Grear, Jr., R. Souza,
& R. Reis dos Santos 16847 (holotype US 2530414; isotype NY),
collected in cerrado ca. 87 km north of Xavantina, Serra do
Roncador, Mato Grosso, Brazil, elev. 550 m, 2 June 1966. "Herb
to ca. 30 cm tall. Perianth pale green. Fruit green. Frequent.”
Paratypes (both Mato Grosso): Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis
dos Santos 16275, from cerrado, Rio Turvo ca. 210 km north of
Xavantina, Serra do Roncador; Hatschbach 32027 from S. José da
Serra Green Cuiaba).
In both related species, the abaxial of each subtending
bract pair is narrowly lanceate and 2.5-5 X O.4-1 mm, the
terminal part of the inflorescence thus being conspicuously
comate; in all material examined of P. cuspidata sensu Chodat,
1974 Wurdack, Brazilian Polygalaceae
the crest is of 2-3 pairs of lobes, rather than the one pair
found in P. irwinii. Perhaps P. bracteata and P. cuspidata are
synonymous, Chodat not having seen the Pohl syntypes of
Bennett's species. Bennett had synonymized P. cuspidata under
P. timoutou Aubl., apparently without seeing the type in the
Geneva herbarium, and described P. comata Mart. ex Benn. which
Chodat synonymized under P. cuspidata. Regardless of the
distinctness from one another of these earlier-published
species, P. irwinii is certainly not equatable with any of
them. Polygala hygrophiloides S. Moore differs (ex deser. and
photo) from P. irwinii at least in the smaller stature (ca.
15 cm), smaller (2 X 0.4-0.7 cm) lanceate leaves, long-pedun-
culate (to 6 em) racemes, and appendage only 1/3 as long as
the seed. Cardenas 4561 (US), from between San Micerato and
Santiago de Chiquitos, Bolivia, resembles P. irwinii in inflo-
rescence bracts, but differs in the relatively narrower leaves,
longer racemes, and bilobed crest; this Bolivian material was
distributed as P. cuspidata, but is rather probably undescribed.
POLYGALA VITELLINA Wurdack, sp. nov.
In systemate Chodatii ut videtur P. subtili H.B.K. distanter
affinis, floribus maioribus flavidis differt.
Herba glabra 20-35 cm alta apicem versus pauciramosa.
Folia alterna remota 2-4 X 0.3-0.5 mm oblongo-linearia tenuia
sicut caulis inconspicue guttulis aureis obsita. Inflorescentia
capitata 0.8-1.5(-2) XK 0.7-0.8 cm, apice vix comato, bracteolis
0.6-0.8 X 0.2-0.4 mm lanceatis caducis adaxialibus non guttatis
abaxialibus sparse aurantiaco-maculatis, pedicellis 0.5-0.7 mm
longis. Sepala exteriora obtusa anguste elliptica vel ellip-
tico-ovata basim versus sparse croceo-maculata, duo 1 X 0.4-
0.5 mm, uno 1.4-1.5 X 0.8-0.9 mm; alae oblongo-ellipticae (apice
obtuso) 2.9-3 X 1.3 mm trinervatae apicem versus sparse croceo-
maculatae. Petala lateralia 2.3-2.5 X O.7 mm carinae cristam
paulo superantia, apice rotundato; carinae pars libera (crista
exc lusa) ca. 0.6 m longa croceo-maculata, crista e flabellis
4 hebetibus 0.4 mm longis composita. Stigma superum penicil-
latum, inferum tuberculatum; styli pars infera 0.6 mm longa,
pars expansa O.4 mm longa; ovarium obconicum croceo-maculatum;
capsula oblongo-obovata 1.5 X 0.8 mm; semina 0.6 X 0.35 mm
ovato-ellipsoidea minutissime apiculata nigra glabra exappen-
diculata.
Type Collection: H. S. Irwin, J. W. Grear, Jr., R. Souza
& R. Reis dos Santos 16314 (holotype US 2530417; isotype NY),
collected at gallery margin ca. 86 km north of Xavantina, Serra
do Roncador, Mato Grosso, Brazil, elev. 550 m, 31 May 1966.
"Erect herb ca. 25 cm tall. Perianth yellow-orange."
Polygala subtilis has much smaller (alae ca. 1 mm long)
white flowers on pedicels 0.2-0.3 mm long. Polygala microspora
Blake also has considerably smaller flowers and persistent
bracteoles, while P. eee a Chod. ex Grondona is smaller
(11-15 em tall) with broader (1 mm ) leaves, longer racemes, 5-7-
lobed carina, and alae shorter than the carina. Actually,
14 Pol. Yor0 G)0).G. Ts Vol. 28, no. 1
P. yvitellina has much the general aspect of P. tenuis DX. (with
much more prominent 7-lobed crest and relatively narrower alae
only 2/3 as long), with seeds as in the glabrous element of
that species (vide infra). Closer still is P. herbiola St. Hil.
& Moq., with pinkish flowers, carinal crest of ca. 4 pairs of
lobes up to 1.3 mm long, and puberulous seeds. The latter
species was moved by Chodat to the Trichospermae, having been
previously placed by Bennett near P. tenuis; Chodat noted that
the floral details are like those of P. longicaulis H.B.K. and
its allies, but the seeds are anomalous in this relationship.
Polygala herbiola has been collected several times in Goids and
the Distrito Federal by Irwin and his colleagues (5179, 11474,
12388, 12431, 13295) and may be the closest relative of
P. vitellina.
POLYGALA TENUIS DC., Prodr. 1: 329. 1824.
Chodat (using Greek letters only) distinguished several
varieties of this rather widespread species by flower color and
robustness of habit; the salient specific feature is the small
estrophiolate seed. Among the recent planalto collections,
several have completely glabrous seeds (Irwin, Souza, & Reis
dos Santos 9758 and Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos
13497 p. p-, from Serra dos Cristais, Goias; Irwin, Souza, &
Reis dos Santos 10233 p. p., from Gama, Distrito Federal;
Irwin, Souza, Grear, & Reis dos Santos 17219, from 75 km south
of Xavantina, Mato Grosso), but are otherwise indistinguishable
from the more commonly collected material with puberulous seeds.
Without examination of the types of the Chodat variants, it
does not seem advisable to describe the glabrous-seeded form;
in two of the collection numbers (10233, 13497), individual
sprigs have either glabrous or puberulous seeds. In Chodat's
arrangement, the seed feature would key collections such as
9758 to near P. subtilis H.B.K., P. microspora Blake, and P.
Saprophytica Chod. ex Grondona; all these species have smaller
flowers and/or shorter leaves.
A NEW HYALOSCYPHA FROM NEW YORK
MARTHA SHERWOOD
Plant Pathology Herbariwn
Cornell Universtty, Ithaca, WV. Y.
Hyaloscypha cincinnata Sherwood sp. nov. (Figure 1)
Apothecia hyalina, vix 150 um lata, sessilia. Pili num-
erosi, 35-52 wm longi, basi bulbosa 3.5-5.0 um lati, sursum
in apicem tenuem minute circinatum angustati. Asci 8-spori,
4.0-5.5 X 20-26 um, late clavati, poro iodo tincto non caer-
ulescente. Spori hyalini, unicellulares, lunati, 1.5-2.0 X
4.0-5.5 um.
Hab. in ligno taxonomice indeterminato.
Holotypus: CUP 53226, Lost Gorge (Hendershot Gulf near Swan
Hill road) stage 28, Schuyler County, N.Y., M.A. Sherwood
Figure 1
Hyaloscypha cineinnata X1500. (a) ascus (b) spores (c) hairs.
Drawn from type with the aid of a Wild drawing tube
15
16 PHYTOL 0G Ts Vol. 28, no. 1
noes loneoepte. 155) L975.
Etymology: cincinnata: curly-haired.
Hyaloseypha cineinnata may be distinguished from other
species in the genus by the coiled hairs and lunate spores.
Coiled hairs are relatively rare in the Hyaloscyphaceae. The
hairs of the present species are quite distinct from the
loosely coiled hairs of Velutarta griseo-vitellina (Fckl.)
Fckl. or Lastobelontum mintopsts (Ell.) Dennis, and are clo-
ser to those of Hyaloscypha than Ungutculella. Paraphyses
were not seen in our material.
The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of
Richard Korf in preparing the manuscript and of William
Dress in supplying the Latin diagnosis.
EPIPHYLLUM STEYERMARKII, A NEW CACTACEAE FROM VENEZUELA
Leon Croizat
The genus Epiphyllum (Phyllocactus of authors) comprises, in ac-
cordance with the treatment of Backeberg (Das Kakteen Lexicon,
1965), same 20 species, whose geographic distribution is the fol-
lowing: ) endemics from Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, and two from 0a-
xaca), 3 from Guatemala, 3 from Honduras, 6 from Costa Rica, 2 from
Panand, 1 (E. strictum) from southern Mexico to Panam4, 1 (E. hook-
eri) is Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, and the Guianas, 1 (E. oxypet-
alum) from Mexico and daatenele to Venezuela and Brazil, 1 (E.
phyllanthus) distributed from PanamA to Colombia, Venezuela, Guy-
ana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay.
According to Backeberg the genus Marniera is placed close to
Epiphyllum, being distinguished, in his opinion, by the presence of
spines on the ovary, these spines being completely absent in Epi-
phyllum. Backeberg (op. cit.) refers to two species of Marniera,
M. chrysocardium from Chiapas, Mexico, and M. macroptera of Costa
Rica. The flower and the ovary of these two species are illustra-
ted by Backeberg (op. cit. figs. 222-22) in such a manner which
leaves no doubt as to the character, jer, which in his opinion, separ-
ates Epiphyllum and Marniera.
The pattern of geographical distribution in Epiphyllum is, in
general, of a very common type: its species follow a path leading
west and south in Mexico along the length of Central America,
thence forking upon reaching Colombia, whereupon one branch extends
paralleling the Caribbean coast and the Atlantic to the Guianas,
and very probably to eastern Brazil, while the other branch follows
the Andes from Ecuador to Paraguay and across Peru and Bolivia.
According to Angely (Flora Anal. Fitogeogr. Esta. Sao Paulo l: 9h.
1969) 3 species of oa a reach southeastern Brazil (E. phyllan-
thus, E. opuntioides, and &. acuminatum). There is no doubt that
Ee ese antinis is a species 3 of Epiphyllum, but E. opuntioides be-
longs to the genus Epiphyllanthus (Britton & Rose, Cactaceae ):
180. 1923), while E. acuminatum is synonymous, according to Britton
& Rose (op. cit. p. 189), with E. oxypetalum, the native "Flor de
Baile" (sensu stricto) of Venezuela. Actually, it appears, then,
that only one species of true Epiphyllum is native to southeastern
Brazil, this being E. phyllanthus, which has the most extensive
distribution in the entire genus. It remains to be established
whether this cactus has reached southeastern Brazil by way of Bo-
livia and Paraguay or from the Guianas. However that may be, we
have a fairly complete idea of the geograpvhical distribution of
Epiphyilum and of Marniera. In the type of distribution presented
here, it is not at all rare that Costa Rica and the area between
Guatemala and Panam4 are particularly rich in possessing distinct
17
18 Po ¥,.T O-L°O°G Eek Vol. 28, no. 1
species. Also, it is usual to find disjunctions between the
south of Central America and the north of Colombia and Venezuela
(Croizat, Panbiog. vol. 1: 289, fig. 33. 1958).
About three years ago, Dr. Julian A. Steyermark brought me a
cactus which he found in sterile condition growing in the selva de
Guatopo National Park, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela, which I judged to
be a plant belonging to the genus Epiphyllum. This plant was
grown in a hanging basket and flowered on April 27, 1973. I was
greatly surprised to find that the ovary of this Epiphyllum was
covered with spines on its arsoles, and for this reason it would
have to be placed in the genus Marniera of Backeberg. The geo-
graphical distribution of Marniera, then, would extend from Mexi-
co through Costa Rica to Venezuela.
Since the geographical distribution of Epiphyllum and Marniera
coincide with one another, it would appear that the character of
spines on the ovary is insufficient to separate these very similar
Cactaceae into distinct genera. Although Backeberg was a profound
student of the Cactaceae and his classification probably merits
the greatest respect by botanists interested in this family,
nevertheless it is obvious that his genera still need to be re-
vised as far as possible to natural groups of species. Many petty
genera, such as Marniera, still abound in this family. Marniera
evidently constitutes a minor group within the circumference of
Epiphyllum sensu lato. When we review the generic categories of
Backeberg (op. cit. 23), we find that he places under his "Unter-
sippe Euphyllocacti" six other genera, in addition to Epiphyllun,
namely: (1) Cryptocereus with the ovary possessing spines and
glochids, represented by 3 species in Mexico (Chiapas), Costa
Rica, and Ecuador (Caflar, Azuay); (2) Marniera (see above) with
the ovary more or less covered with small spines; (3) Lobeira
With the ovary merely pubescent, but without spines or glochids,
represented by 1 species from Chiapas, Mexico; (4) Epiphyllum
(Phyllocactus) with the ovary glabrous. These four genera are
placed under the heading "Bluten trichterig" as contrasted with
his grouping under "Bluten + glockig-trichterig" which contains
Eccremocactus, Pseudonopalxochia, Nopalxochia, genera distinguish-
ed by characters of night-flowering versus day-flowering, pres-
ence of scales or spines or their absence on the ovary, and size
of ovary. In short, we find that the four genera with infundibu-
liform (trichterig) flowers (Epiphyllum, Marniera, Cryptocereus,
and Lobeira) occur in the extreme south of Mexico (C Chiapas), and,
again, are found together occurring in Costa Rica, Ecuador, and
Venezuela, These four genera differ in no other Character’ except
that of presence or absence of indument, spines, or glochids on
the ovary. Although future discoveries may show that these dif-
ferences deserve to be recognized as valid generic categories, I
an inclined at present to refrain from recognizing Marniera gen—
erically as such, and regard it instead as a subgenus of Epi-
phyllun.
197, Croizat, New Cactaceae from Venezuela 19
Subgenus MARNIERA (Backeberg) Croizat, stat. nov.
Marniera Backeberg
EPIPHYLLUM (subg. Marniera) STEYERMARKII Croizat, n. sp.
Planta epiphyta, habitu caespitoso, ramis complanatis vel tri-
quetris, pendulis, parce radicantibus, 2-3 metralis, 2-2.5 cm.
latis, 2- vel 3-costatis, leviter crenatis, crenis decurrentibus,
3-6 cm. distantibus; floribus nocturnis, rotatis albidis 15-20 cm.
longis, ca. 15 om. latis, perianthi segmentis internis ligulato-
vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis ad acuminatis, 6-7.5 cm. longis,
0.8-1 cm. latis, basi roseis, usque ad 16; segmentis externis us-
que ad 13, oblanceolato- vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis, 6.5-7 cm.
longis 0.8-1 cm. latis; segmentis extremis basi segmentorum exter
iorum carnosis reductis multo minoribus, linearibus vel ligulatis,
acutis, infimis 10-12 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, caeteris 17-5 m.
longis, 5-9 mm. latis; staminibus numerosis, albidis, filamentis
albidis gracillimis, 6-8 cm. longis, antheris pallide luteis
gracilibus linearibus erectis 5-6 m. longis; stylo ad 12 cm.
longo crasso, laciniis pallide viridibus crassiusculis ad 2 cm.
longis; floris tubo subcylindrico 6.5-8 cm. longo, 12-13 mm. dian.,
striis 8 segnato, squamlis secus tubum lanceolatis vel lanceolato-
triangularibus acuminatis 1-1.5 cm, inter se distantibus (quam
maxime ad 3 cm.), 6.5-S mm. longis 1.5-2 m. latis, squamulis in
ovario confertis minutis ovatis acutis, ad 2 m. longis, 1.2-1.5
latis; aculeis in axillis squamularum tubi 5-12, in ovario 3-3,
3-5 mm. longis, pallide brunneis albicantibusve 5-3 mm. longis,
areolis parcius lamlosis; ovario obovoideo vel suborbiculari-
obovoideo, 1.6-2 cm. longo, 1.6-2 cm. lato, striis squamularm 8.
Type collection: Selva de Guatopo, Parque Nacional de Guatopo,
Estado Miranda, Venezuela, flowering in garden of Dr. and Mrs.
Leon Croizat, Quinta Cactilandia, Chapellin, Caracas, 27 April,
1973, naa! collected by Julian A. Steyermark 10871 (holo-
type VEN).
Explanation of figures
Figs. A-G. Epiphyllum steyermarkii Croizat: A, portion of
a 3-angled stem; B, portion of stem with two sides; C, flower,
vertical section, showing attachment to stem; D, flower, showing
exterior; E, upper portion of stamen; F, bristles on ovary, with
subtending scale and hairs; G, upper part of pistil, showing
stigmas and top of style.
20 PHY TO LO1Gyr aA Vol. 28, no, 1
TILLANDSIA ADAMSIT
A New Jamaican Species
Robert W. Read
During the preparation of "The Flowering Plants of Jamaica”
I had the good fortune of working with its author. While
reviewing various keys to the bromeliads it was my pleasure to
make certain suggested changes and additions as a result of my
own field studies. One problem, also noted by Dr. Lyman B.
Smith, was in need of further more intensive study, but neither
of us was able to work with it at the time. Now, as a
result of a careful revaluation of Tillandsia canescens Swartz
I am privileged to describe a new species from Jamaica named in
honor of Dr. C. Dennis Adams, botanist-author, with regrets that
it could not have been included in his "Flora".
Jamaica supports a pronounced endemic bromeliad flora (30.7%
or 82 out of a total of 267 species), therefore it should not
be surprising that one more endemic species can be added. As
with other recently described endemic taxa, T. adamsii appears
to be restricted to shaded limestone crags (rarely epiphytic )
in the Cockpit Country of western Jamaica.
Although most closely resembling T. canescens, T. adamsii
also has certain characteristics in common with T. valenzuelana.
Tillandsia adamsii is readily distinguished from the latter by
having dark brown, abruptly expanded leaf sheaths and a dis-
tinctly inflated pseudobulbous rosette. From T. canescens, T.
adamsii is distinguished by the more pronounced pseudobulbous
rosette, with the leaf sheaths much darker brown, and the scape
bracts lacking blade-like appendages. From both species Tf.
adamsii can be readily separated by the outwardly arched and
spreading floral bracts which are twice the length of the
sepals - at least the lowermost ones - at anthesis.
TILLANDSIA ADAMSII R. W. Read; species nova: Subg. Platystachys.
T. canescenti Swartz affinis sed inflorescentia simplici,
bracteis floralibus multo longioribus et arcuatis extrinsecus,
bracteis scapi exappendiculatis et vaginis foliorum atrofuscis
ab ea recedens.
TYPE: JAMAICA; C. D. Adams 12,850.
Plants stemless, less than 35 cm high; leaves numerous, up
to 24 em long, the blades linear-triangular, but abruptly en-
larged at the sheath, forming a slightly inflated pseudobulbous
rosette; leaf blades up to 1 cm broad at the apex of the sheath,
densely and minutely appressed-cinereous-lepidote throughout;
sheaths dark brown appressed-lepidote, broadly ovate, 2-k om
long, 2-3 cm wide; inflorescence simple, about 4-8 flowered,
greatly exceeding the leaves, the flowers arranged distichously;
raf
22 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 1
scape erect, slender; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, slightly
longer than the internodes, mostly, if not entirely, lacking
blade-like appendages, the lowermost often with inconspicuous,
tiny, linear, blades up to 1.5 cm long, the bracts pink or
reddish, those near the base lepidote, becoming glabrate to
glabrous apically on the inflorescence, where they almost blend
into the floral-bracts in form and color; floral-bracts ecari-
nate, glabrous, pink to reddish at anthesis, 2-2.8 cm long,
twice to three times the length of the internodes, greatly
exceeding the sepals, not imbricate, nor obscuring the slightly
flexuous rachis, the apex curving back slightly, giving the
fertile portion of the spike a distinctive flared effect,
often sterile apically; flowers subsessile, erect; sepals not
carinate, symmetric, glabrous, about 1.0-1.3 cm long, to 3.5
mm wide, apically acute; petals magenta to lavender-rose, to
about 3 cm long, acute, narrowly oblanceolate, meeting basally;
stamens exserted at anthesis; anthers versatile, lobed basally,
appearing tridentate apically; ovary trigonal to 1.1 cm long,
ovules restricted to the lowermost 1 mm, upper portion empty;
style 2.5-3 cm long, exserted, 3-parted apically for about 1.5
mm; stigmas very slightly flared, hardly distinguishable;
capsule cylindric, abruptly acuminate, 2.0-2.4 cm long.
Distribution: Jamaica, Parishes of Trelawny and St. James,
on shaded limestone crags and ledges or occasionally epiphytic,
609-670 m elev.; endemic.
Specimens examined: St. James: White Rock Hill, 1 mile
south of Sweet Water, 10 March 1956, G. R. Proctor 11743 (IJ;
Photo US). ‘Trelawny: Island View Hill, Wilson Valley district,
1.5 miles north of Warsop, 26 June 1960, G. R. Proctor 21334
(IJ; US); 53 miles N.W. of Troy, 8 May 1966, C. D. Adams 12,850
(US, HOLOTYPE).
1974
2541718
Read, Tillandsia adamsii
Plate I
Tillandsia adamsii R. W. Read
Ty pe Specimen
23
NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE, XXXV
Lyman B. Smith
KEY TO TILLANDSIA AND SIMULATORS,
SUPPLEMENT IT
Thanks largely to the collecting and publications of Professor
Eizi Matuda, Dr. Edmundo Pereira, and Professor Werner Rauh, I am
obliged to write a second supplement to my Tillandsia key (Phyto-
iyeveal) 210)3~ hens 1970) after only four years. Supplement I immedi-
ately followed the original key on p. 157. As in the first sup-
plement, there is an indication of the species relation to the
original key and that is followed in a second section by whatever
note or description is necessary. The notes below are intended
as the final ones before completion of the manuscript of Tilland-
sia for my monograph.
In a number of cases Professor Rauh has given me previews of
his new species to enable me to place them in my key. These are
in press and are not validly published here since they lack Latin
diagnoses. So far I have not examined several types of new spe-
cies proposed by Dr. Pereira and by Professor Matuda and for
lack of evidence am unable to place them in my key.
In the following supplementary sections to the key, species to
be added or substituted are marked with an asterisk.
Subkey I
28(1). Floral bracts carinate and incurved toward apex.
28a. Spikes about 7-flowered; sepals glabrous. Ecuador, Peru.
(TS igitramines,) sys =. c/eiiers = «ere os oie cil scie'e <5 die 0 islet ae TSE oee
28a. Spikes 3-flowered including a sterile apical one; sepals
lepidote. Brazil. (cf. also III-19(2))........*2. sucrei
33(1). Inflorescence simple.
33a. Floral bracts to 21 mm long; leaf-blades narrowly triangu-
Mane, MEXICO isis « ole oles ele) ollelels\ele oe «elec ciaielel=~ le elf lil uD Cet
33a. Floral bracts ca. 4 mm long; leaf-blades filiform. Peru.
*T. schunkei
39(1). In place of T. calocephala write *T, nana
Subkey II
29(2). Inflorescence amply ..... bipinnate; scape elongate.
29a. Spikes all erect; inflorescence dense and narrow. Hispani-
OLA ec ccccccvvcccccrccecccccvcceccssccccrcssels Daliophnylla
29a. Spikes all but the terminal decurved; inflorescence very
lax sand broad. Mexico snc eee bo) SUPST NSH emis
36(2). Sepals covered by the floral bracts.
2h
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 25
36a. Inflorescence not over 5 cm long; sepals not over 20 m
long. Mexico, Peru......+.+e+eele lLepidosepala, T. reducta
36a. Inflorescence to 50 cm long, simple, 2-3 cm wide; sepals to
30 mm long. Mexicd....cccccccccccccccccccee*l. Califanil
a(t). Inflorescence 3-5 cm long, simple or with a single small
lateral spike.
37a. Scape distinct; scape-bracts longer than the floral bracts;
flowers all exactly distichous. Mexico...T. lepidosepala
37a. Scape very short; scape-bracts shorter than the floral
bracts; lower flowers slightly more than distichous.
Guatemala... ccccscccccsccsccecsesessecsceee*le Velickiana
49(1). Floral bracts strongly nerved.
49a. Sepals exserted; spikes linear, about 15 cm long. West
INGLES. cceccccccccececccccccoreccccccevevete Lineatispica
49a. Sepals included; spikes lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate,
5-8 cm long. Mexico.
49>. Primary bracts scarcely larger than the floral bracts or
the inflorescence sSimple.....ssccceccccccceete maritima
49b. Primary bracts more than half as long as their axillary
spikes; inflorescence always compound.....*I. hintoniana
57(1). Floral bracts prominently nerved.
57a. Upper scape-bracts distichous; leaf-blades 12-18 mm wide.
Peru, Ecuador...sesccceceseeeeeede Lindenii, T. umbellata
5fa. Upper scape-bracts polystichous; leaf-blades 35 mm wide.
Guatemala..scccccccccrcccccccccreccccccccccsoe* le nervata
83(2). Leaf-sheaths ferruginous (or dark brown).
83a. Sepals connate only posteriorly; (stamens exserted). Flo-
rida, West Indies and Mexico to northern South America.
T. fasciculata
83a. Sepals equally connate into a tube for half their length,
em long; (stamens included) Mexico....*I. beutelspacheri
89(1). Spikes thick; ..... posterior sepals alate-carinate.
Mexico.
89a. Floral bracts dull, laxly lepidote throughout, verrucose
when dry as if somewhat fleshy.............T. intumescens
89a. Floral bracts lustrous and glabrous except the lepidote
BPEOX, CVEN ec eecerccccccerecercesscecescee* ls langlasseana
Subkey III
10(1). Sepals lepidote. Mexico.
10a. Scape short, almost hidden by the leaves; leaf-sheaths
10-15 mm long, not at all inflated........T. lepidosepala
10a. Scape elongate; leaf-sheaths 60 mm long, subinflated, dark
CABTANECOUB. cccceccccseccccerccccccccccccccetl. SUDinflata
14(2). Floral bracts ecarinate, nerves about equally developed.
26 PHY 1-0 LOG Ts Vol. 28, no. 1
l4a. Upper scape-bracts long-laminate. Mexico; Ecuador and Peru.
qT. nobotrya, T. oroyensis
lh4a. Upper scape-bracts bladeless. Jamaica..........*T. adamsii
19(2). Floral bracts prominently nerved.
19a. Spikes more than 3-flowered. Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil and
Argentina; and Florida, West Indies and Mexico to Vene-
zuela and Bolivia......-..T. lorentziana, T. valenzuelana
19a. Spikes 3-flowered including a reduced sterile apical
Plower. Brazil cc. ccccccscccscvccesscccscocesese tte sMlawed
22(2)). Inflorescence simple or rarely of 2 spikes.
22a. Scape very short and mostly concealed by the leaves; upper
scape-bracts polystichous. Salvador, Honduras.
T. cryptopoda
22a. Scape elongate; upper scape-bracts distichous. lHcuador.
¥T. rhodosticta
46(2). Floral bracts obtuse (add: "to acuminate”), nerved or ru-
gose (add: "When dry"); rhachis prominently winged (ex-
cavated). Peru. to cover T. extensa Mez emend. Rauh.
48(1). Spikes 15 m wide; floral bracts 20 mm long.
48a. Floral bracts glabrous; inflorescence amply tripinnate.
PET UWletel alalstelaleleteiatoielolale’ lolol) slelaloneleletelelelelelefehel el lel efolsl efor luemme MU CIBED
48a. Floral bracts cinereous-lepidote at apex; inflorescence
bipinnate. Heuadors.c.cecccsccrcessscces coe. Lehnmannint
Subkey IV
9(1). Branches nearly or quite straight, slender, sterile for
about half their length from base.
Ja. Leaf-blades 9-11 cm wide, green; sepals 25-27 mm long,
slightly exserted above the floral bracts. Hispaniola.
T. paniculata
Ja. Leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 cm wide, cinereous; sepals 18-20 mm
long, wholly covered by the floral bracts. Peru.
*T. propagulifera
Subkey V
TSIM) 2 Internodes of the rhachis 20-30 mm long.
lla. Floral bracts about equaling the internodes, equaling or
shorter than the sepals; leaf-sheaths concolorous and
merging gradually with the blades; (petal-blades narrow;
stamens exserted). Florida, West Indies, Panama,
northern South America......ccccccccccccccceeete LLExuosa
‘lla. Floral bracts distinctly longer than the internodes, longer
than the sepals; leaf-sheaths dark brown, contrasting
with the blade; (petal-blades suborbicular; stamens
deeply inedded)., Heuadorec «cis cies erie oo sis) <.0 ele clvele/e/aieeeee
*T. dodsonii
197) Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 27
16(1). Floral bracts lepidote.
16a. Leaf-sheaths large, distinct, very dark castaneous; floral
bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals. Honduras.
T. steiropoda
16a. Leaf-sheaths narrow, concolorous with and indistinguishable
from the blades; floral bracts slightly exceeded by the
BEPAlS. MeXiCO.. ee eeececcccccsccessecces *T. gracillima
17(1). Floral bracts 3 times as long as the internodes. Mexico.
17a. Floral bracts convex, but not inflated nor cretaceous.
Le PALryi:
lf7a. Floral bracts inflated, cretaceous...... ecoeeee*T. cretacea
Subkey VI
14(1). Pseudo-bulb elongate, one-third to more than one-half the
total length of the plant.
l4a. Leaves even. Florida, West Indies and Mexico to Colombia.
T. circinnata
l4a. Leaves strongly sulcate even when living. Mexico.
*T. circinnatoides
Subkey VII
36(1). Floral bracts with convex sides, wrinkled when dry; spikes
slightly compressed.
36a. Spikes ovate or lanceolate, acute; floral bracts narrow and
partially exposing the rhachis at anthesis. Mexico.
T. violacea
36a. Spikes elliptic, very broadly acute or rounded; floral
bracts ample, wholly covering the rhachis at all times.
Mexico, Guatemala..cerscccccccccccvccccccecccceetle C1Zii
35(2). Spikes 2-3 cm wide, lance-oblong to elliptic.
35a. Leaf-blades 45-60 mm wide; (stamens included). Colombia
and Venezuela; Peru........T. cuatrecasasii, T. wurdackii
35a. Leaf-blades 20 mm wide; (stamens exserted). Mexico.
*T. carlos-hankii
Subkey VIII
8(1). Bracts acute.
8a. Scape distinct; scape-bracts longer than the floral bracts;
flowers all polystichous. Mexico...........T. benthamiana
8a. Scape very short; scape-bracts shorter than the floral
bracts; upper leaves distichous. Guatemala.
*T. velickiana
10(1). Scape short or none; (add: "scales spreading especially
along the leaf-margins. Bolivia.") (replacing T. nana
but .difiaring in ite lear-neales) ci icc. eyes teks oe ae's
*f. edithae
28 PHY T1011 0'G FA Vol. 28, no. 1
Subkey IX
1(1). Posterior and anterior sepals all ecarinate and alike.
la. Floral bracts fleshy, strongly rugose-sulcate in drying, 4-6
times as long as the internodes. Peru.........*7. carnosa
la. Floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous, even to nerved,
but not rugose in drying.....-Remaining species under (a)
12(2). Spikes nutant.
12a. Floral bracts 15-20 mm long. Venezuela to Peru.
T. denudata
12a. Floral bracts 50 mm long. Mexico.........*I2. superinsignis
34(2). Sepals 20 mm long. Ecuador.
34a. Capsules about equaling the sepals; floral bracts narrow
and partially exposing the rhachis at anthesis.
T. brevicapsula
34a. Capsules more than twice as long as the sepals; floral
bracts ample, wholly covering the rhachis at anthesis.
*T. nervisepala
36(1). ..... floral bracts 27-35 mm long.
36a. Spikes more or less caudate-acuminate from a base 3-5 cm
wide, sessile or subsessile. Ecuador, Peru...7T. stenoura
36a. Spikes elliptic and equally narrowed at base and apex,
distinctly stipitate with a sterile base nearly equaling
to exceeding the primary bracts. Peru........*2. reuteri
45(1). Floral bracts oblong, (20-) 25 (-27) mm long. Peru.
Sa. Primary bracts barely exceeding the sterile bases of the
branches; inflorescence tripinnate; sheaths concolorous
With the bladeS...ccccccccccccessescccescsceserels Glauca
isa. Primary bracts 1/2 to 3/4 as long as the basal branches
(spikes).
4Sb. Sheaths dark violet; posterior sepals connate.
*T. pomacochae
4Sb. Sheaths concolorous with the blades; posterior sepals free
*T. bongarana
54(1). Floral bracts ..... drying pale.
54a. Primary bracts scarcely longer than the floral bracts, api-
culate; spikes linear-lanceolates Colombia....T. reversa
Sha. Primary bracts large, the lower laminate and covering about
half the axillary spike; spikes lanceolate. Peru.
¥T. dudleyi
Subkey X
1(1). Lower floral bracts less than twice the internodes; rhachis
slender.
la. Flowers downwardly secund. Ecuador..*—. marnier-lapostollei
la. Flowers not secund as a whole but the petals sometimes
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 29
drooping. Colombia; Peru....7T. rariflora, T. hutchisonii
2(2). Rhachis geniculate; inflorescence tripinnate. Peru.
2a. Leaves concolorous; blades ligulate, broadly subacute and
apiculate; flowers subspreading.......-+-+-+e--l- hutchisonii
2a. Leaves strongly cross-banded; blades attenuate-ligulate to a
Stout cusp; FloWerS CTECt.ccecceceseecerecseveee*le hildae
9(2). Floral bracts broadly convex, ecarinate.
9a. Flowers suberect; margins of the floral bracts narrow, near-
ly or quite even. Bolivia and Argentina; Peru.
T. maxima, T. platyphylla
9a. Flowers subspreading; margins of the floral bracts broad,
strongly bullate-crisped. Peru. ....*2. undulatobracteata
21. Inflorescence much branched; plant to 3.3 m high; (add:
"floral bracts 4-5 times as long as the internodes, ample,
covering nearly or all of each sepal; leaves thick.").
T. grandis
21. Inflorescence simple or few-branched; (add: "plant less than
2m high; floral bracts 2-3 times as long as the inter-
nodes, narrow, exposing much of each sepal; leaves thin.").
T. viridiflora
Subkey XII
3(2). Floral bracts imbricate and concealing the rhachis; inflo-
rescence erect or nearly so.
3a. Leaves 8-20 cm long, shorter than to equaling the inflores-
cence; blades narrowly triangular, 5-12 mm wide; floral
bracts suborbicular. Colombia to Bolivia.....7T. seemannii
3a. Leaves to 45 cm long, much exceeding the inflorescence;
blades subfiliform, to 4 mm wide at base; floral bracts
Ovate. Venezuela... ccccccccccccccccccccse* te StEeyermarkii
29(2). Sepals rounded to truncate; leaf-blades (20-) 30-50 mm
wide.
29a. Leaf-sheaths strongly inflated. Ecuador........*2Z. blassii
29a. Leaf-sheaths nearly flat......Remaining species under 29(2)
40(2). Branches divergent or curved-ascending.
40a, Leaf-blades linear, about 5 mm wide. Peru, Bolivia.
*T. parviflora
42a. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular or ligulate, 8-30 mm wide.
Remaining species under 42(2)
TILLANDSIA
Relative to Mez in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. Fam. 32. 1935.
ADAMSIT R. W. Read, Phytologia, cf. preceding article in this
issue. TIL.
ANDREANA E. Morr. ex André; Pflr. 496, TIL; L. B. Smith,
30 PY Okie Gara Vol. 28, no. 1
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 476, fig. 54. 1951; Rauh, Bromelien
1: 197. 1970. ‘T. funckiana Baker, Pflr. 496; Padilla, Bromel.
Sees Bull. 17: 49) (fie. ), "52s 1967.2 tre
M. B. Foster, Padilla, and others consider T. funckiana
specifically distinct, while Rauh considers it a variety of T.
& ana, although he has not gone so far as to give it a valid
name. Foster's own collections show a great variation in stem
length of flowering plants and are the original and continuing
reason for my reducing T. funckiana. In reality we can not be
sure until flowering T. andreana is collected from the topotype
locality.
What is a much more interesting question is the position of
the species within the genus. Technically it can be said to
belong in subgenus Tillandsia but the corolla is asymmetric
like those of most species of Pitcairnia and the recurving
petal-tips expose the shorter of the unequal stamens.
BAKERI, Pflr. 502. PS-C. Omitted by mistake; insert after
BAILEYI.
BEUTELSPACHERI Matuda, nom. nov. ALL. JT. insignis Matuda,
Cact. y Sucul. Mex. 16: 91, fig. 48. 1971, non L. B. Smith &
Pittendrigh, 1953.
BLASSII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 22: 85, pl. 1, fig. 5, 6.
Weyal, lets
BONGARANA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. pomacochae Rauh, cui
affinis, foliis concoloribus, sepalis liberis differt. ALL.
PLANT stemless, flowering 1m high. LEAVES many in a
funnelform rosette, to 45 em long, green; sheaths broadly
ovate, ca. 15 cm long, minutely appressed-lepidote; blades ligu-
late, attenuate at apex, flat, 4 cm wide, densely and minutely
lepidote beneath, soon glabrous above. SCAPE erect, much
exceeding the leaves; scape-bracts imbricate, the lowest sub-
foliaceous, the others elliptic, acute. INFLORESCENCE fusiform,
laxly bipinnate, glabrous; primary bracts like the upper scape-
bracts, about half as long as the axillary spikes; spikes
divergent, 7 cm long, lanceolate with a sterile bracteate base,
densely 4-flowered, complanate. FLORAL BRACTS imbricate,
oblong, acute, 3 cm long, exceeding the sepals, carinate,
coriaceous, even, red; flowers subsessile. SEPALS free, linear,
acute, 25 mm long, the posterior carinate; petals 35 mm long,
the blades purple with white apices; stamens included. Pl. III,
fig. E: Inflorescence; fig. F: Sepal.
PERU: AMAZONAS: Prov. Bongara: Epiphyte in moist high
forest, hills 1-5 km southeast (150°) of Yambrasbamba, 2100-
2400 m alt, 25 June 1962, Wurdack 1037 (US, type).
CALIFANII Rauh, Journ. Bromel. Soc. 21: 65, fig. 1971. TIL.
At first glance T. califanii so closely resembles T.
achyrostachys that it is easily mistaken for that species.
However, its densely lepidote floral bracts quickly distinguish
it and even bring it out to a different position in the key from
T. achyrostachys.
The leaf-sheaths are slightly different from the original
description in that their scales are brown-centered like those
1974, Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 31
on the blade. The sheath-color is derived from the dark tissue
below showing through the large pale scale-margins and covers
only the base of the sheath.
CARLOS-HANKII Matuda, Cact. & Succul. Journ. (U. S.) 45: 186,
fits: Lyi. LOTS. Tih.
CARNOSA L. B. Smith. TIL. Ix-4 (2).
Var. CARNOSA. INFLORESCENCE bipinnate; branches spreading,
the sterile base about twice as long as the 18 cm spike. FLORAL
BRACTS to 5 cm long; flowers short-pedicellate. SEPALS free,
to 42 mm long; stamens slightly exserted at anthesis.
Var. LONGISPICATA Rauh, ined. INFLORESCENCE bipinnate;
branches ascending relative to the axis, 40 cm long, the sterile
base only 6-15 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS 35-40 mm long; flowers
sessile. SEPALS connate for 2 mm, to 30 mm long; stamens much
exserted at anthesis.
Var. BREVISTIPITA Rauh, ined. INFLORESCENCE tripinnate at
base; branches ascending relative to the axis, the basal sterile
bases to 20 cm long; spikes 12-15 cm long with sterile bases
3 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS 30 mm long; flowers sessile. SEPALS
connate for 3 mm, ca. 25 mm long; stamens much exserted at
anthesis.
Owing to the relatively short floral bracts of the above
variety, my key has had to be realigned to bring forward the
fleshy character of the floral bracts. All three varieties
have dense spikes with floral bracts 4-6 times the internodes
where they are barely more than 2 in nearly related T. ecarinata.
CIRCINNATOLDES Matuda, Cact. & Succul. Journ. (U. S.) 45:
187, fig. 4, 4a, 5, 1973, as "circinnatioides." TIL. Matuda
gives other distinctions than the sulcate leaves cited above
but they are all covered in the very variable characters of
T. circinnata. Horticulturists will thank him for giving a
name to a taxon that was becoming a problem.
CRETACEA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. inflata Mez, cui valde
affinis, spicis laxis, internodiis longioribus, bracteis
florigeris angustioribus differt. TIL.
PLANT known only from fragments but probably stemless and
flowering over 1 m high. LEAVES ca. 50 cm long, bearing minute,
appressed, brown-centered scales throughout; sheaths ample,
densely lepidote, brownish; blades narrowly triangular,
attenuate, 5 cm wide at base, laxly lepidote, green. SCAPE
unknown. INFLORESCENCE laxly bipinnate, over 32 cm long,
white-cretaceous except the petals; primary bracts broadly
ovate, apiculate, about equaling the l-bracteate sterile base
of the spike; spikes oblong, acute, 20 cm long, laxly many-
flowered; rhachis straight or nearly so, narrowly winged.
FLORAL BRACTS strongly divergent at anthesis, 32 mm long,
3 times the internodes and about equaling the sepals, broadly
elliptic, apiculate, ecarinate, inflated, probably fleshy
because wrinkled and nerveless when dry, inconspicuously lepi-
dote; pedicels short. SEPALS all alike, elliptic, 28 mm long,
ecarinate; petals ca. 45 m long, drying violet; stamens and
style exserted. Pl. III, fig. A: Primary bract and spike;
32 PHY DOLOGIA Vol, 28, no. 1
fig. B: Sepal.
MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA: On igneous rocks, La Bufa, southeast of
Creel, 22 September 1957, I. Knobloch 56h (US, type).
DODSONII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. narthecioide Presl, cui
affinis, bracteis florigeris quam internodiis haud subduplo
longioribus, omnibus partibus multo majoribus differt. PHY.
PLANT flowering to 84 cm high. LEAVES many in a funnelform
rosette, to 22 cm long, covered throughout with minute, flat,
brown-centered scales; sheaths elliptic, ca. 4 om long, dark
brown; blades narrowly triangular, ca. 12 mm wide at base, the
outer much reduced. SCAPE erect, slender, much exceeding the
leaves; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, elliptic, apiculate.
INFLORESCENCE erect, simple, lax, many-flowered; sparsely pale-
lepidote; rhachis very slender, flexuous. FLORAL BRACTS spread-
ing, to 30 mm long, exceeding the internodes and the sepals,
ovate, convex and rolled around the sepals, thin-coriaceous,
nerved; flowers short-pedicellate. SEPALS free, 20 mm long,
elliptic, broadly acute; petal-blades suborbicular, spreading,
20 mm long, white with yellow eye; stamens and pistil deeply
included. Pl. II, fig. F: Inflorescence; fig. G: Sepal.
ECUADOR: PICHINCHA: epiphytic in old orange trees along
road, km 30 on Santo Domingo to Quito road, 1100 m, 27 December
1972, C. H. Dodson 5225 (US, type).
DUDLEYI L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. reversa L. B. Smith, cui
verisimiliter affinis, bracteis primariis amplis, inferioribus
laminatis, spicas axillares semioccultantibus, spicis lanceo-
latis differt. ALL.
PLANT stemless, flowering 30 to probably 50 cm high. LEAVES
in a spreading rosette, 35-40 cm long, covered with fine,
appressed, brown-centered scales; sheaths ample, 10-15 cm long,
maculate with red-purple merging into solid purple at base;
blades ligulate, attenuate, 2-3 cm wide, maculate, more or less
cinereous beneath. SCAPE erect; scape-bracts erect, densely
imbricate, subfoliaceous. INFLORESCENCE densely bipinnate,
ellipsoid, 13-18 cm long; primary bracts broadly ovate, even,
sublustrous, red, sparsely and obscurely lepidote, the lower
laminate and covering about half the axillary spike; spikes
lanceolate, acute, strongly complanate, 5-7 cm long, 15-20 mm
wide, densely 8-12-flowered. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate,
apiculate, 20-25 mm long, covering the sepals, strongly cari-
nate, thin-coriaceous, even, glabrous, lustrous, bright blood-
red (3 Dudley), drying to stramineous; pedicels short. SEPALS
lanceolate, acute, 18 mm long, the posterior carinate, connate
for 5 mm; petal-blades elliptic, obtuse, 10 mm long, lavender
(3 Dudley); stamens and pistil included. Pl. III, fig. G:
Inflorescence; fig. H: Posterior sepals.
PERU: CUZCO: Prov. La Convencion: Cordillera Vilcabamba:
epiphyte 6-18 m (20-60 ft) in tree branches, very dense and
damp cloud forest, about half way between Camp 23, 1730 m, and
Camp 3, 2100 m, 12° 38' S, 73° 37! W, 24 July 1968, T. R. Dudley
11332 (NA, type); cloud forest, 90 m (300 ft) northwest of
Camp 23, by cascade, 1750 m, 12° 38! S, 73° 38' W, 26 June 1968,
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 33
Dudley 10528 (NA); steep and dry ridge (ceja) of reduced elfin
forest, just above Camp 4, 2660 m, 12° 37' S, 73° 33% W, 30 June
1968, Dudley 10637 (NA); epiphyte, Chusquea thicket at edge of
steep dry ridge, half way between Camps 25 and 3 in reduced
oar forest, 12° 38' S, 73° 36" W, 30 June 1968, Dudley 10657
NA).
EDITHAE Rauh, ined. ALL. This takes the place of T. nana
Baker, which was placed here because of its supposed simple
inflorescence. fT. nana takes the place of the later
T. calocephala and Rauh has pointed out the close relationship
with his T. edithae. Besides its simple inflorescence, T.
edithae also differs in its shorter broader leaf-blades with
spreading scales and in its larger petals.
EIZII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A I. violacea Baker, cui valde
affinis, spicis ellipticis, latissime acutis vel rotundatis,
bracteis florigeris latioribus et rhachin omnino occultantibus
differt. TIL.
PLANT stemless, flowering to 2 m high (extended). LEAVES
densely rosulate, 50-70 cm long, covered with minute, appressed,
brown-centered scales; sheaths elliptic, ample, 18 cm long,
brown to dark purple; blades narrowly triangular, 5 cm wide,
green. SCAPE stout, decurved; scape-bracts foliaceous, densely
imbricate. INFLORESCENCE bipinnate, sublax except at apex,
over 1 m long; primary bracts spreading, their ample bases
exceeding the lower branches, their blades foliaceous; spikes
short-stipitate, elliptic, very broadly acute or rounded, 10 cm
long, convex and slightly complanate. FLORAL BRACTS ample and
densely imbricate, wholly concealing the rhachis, 30-35 m
long, broadly convex, probably fleshy because nerveless and
strongly wrinkled when dry, glabrous, glaucous; flowers sub-
sessile. SEPALS oblong, 25 mm long, subfree, the posterior
incurved, alate-carinate; petal-blades erect, 30 mm long,
violet; stamens exserted. CAPSULES slenderly cylindric, 4 om
long. Pl. III, fig. C: Primary bract and spike; fig. D:
Posterior sepals.
MEXICO: CHIAPAS: In wet forest, on tree, Cascada, Siltepec,
1200 m, 1 March 1951, E. Matuda 21012 (US, type; MEXU, isotype);
San Cristobal las Casas, Mar 1949, Carlson 1652 e p (US);
29 Mar 1956, MacDougall s n (US); 22 Jan 1965, Breedlove &
Raven 8299 (DS, US); Zinacantan, 31 March 1966, Laughlin 522
(US); 13 Apr 1966, 669 (US).
GUATEMALA: HUEHUETENANGO: San Mateo to Soloma, Feb 1969,
Krukoff s n (US). ¢
EXTENSA Mez, emend Rauh, Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz 1973,
no. 3% 29; fig. léa-c, 17. 1973. TL. ITE-48 (1);
PLANT stemless, flowering to 1.6 m high, producing many
adventitious plants at base. LEAVES numerous, erect to spread-
ing; sheaths 18-20 em long, merging with the blades, brown-
lepidote; blades cinereous-lepidote. SCAPE glabrous or sparsely
lepidote. INFLORESCENCE broadly pyramidal, 50 cm long; axis
straight, faintly angled, puniceous; spikes to 25 cm long.
CAPSULE slenderly cylindric, ca. 5 cm long.
34 Pon Yeti OML<0 Gols Vol, 28, nosra
PERU: LAMBAYEQUE: on rock, Rio Sana Valley, i, 052ue
79° 44? w, 600-700 m, August 1970, Rauh 24168 (HEID, us).
GRACILLIMA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. a T. setacea Si. cui
verisimiliter affinis, epiete laxis, sepalis paulo exsertis
differt. TL.
PLANT flowering 45-60 cm high (! Foster). LEAVES (unattached)
fasciculate (7), 40 cm long, covered with pale subappressed
scales; sheaths narrow, concolorous and merging with the blades,
blackish and auricled at extreme base; blades very narrowly
triangular, filiform-attenuate, ca. 5 mm wide at base, more or
less involute at least when dry. SCAPE erect, very long and
slender; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, the lower subfoliaceous,
the upper lanceolate, apiculate. INFLORESCENCE typically
2-branched; primary bract like the upper scape-bracts, much
shorter than the axillary spike; spikes elliptic with a narrow,
sterile, bracteate base, lax; rhachis slender, nearly straight.
FLORAL BRACTS strongly divergent at anthesis and exposing the
rhachis, ovate, acute, to 19 mm long, convex, white-lepidote,
thin-coriaceous, nerved at apex; pedicels short, obscure.
SEPALS oblong, acute, 22 mm long, slightly exserted, glabrous,
the posterior carinate, connate for 10 mm; petals tubular-
involute, ca. 4 cm long, violet; stamens exserted. Pl. II,
fig. H: Scape and inflorescence; fig I: Posterior sepals.
MEXICO: PUEBLA: near Cholula, February 11, 1958, M. B.
Foster 3033 (US, type).
21. Inflorescence much branched; plant to 3.3 m high; (add:
"floral bracts 4-5 times as long as the internodes,
ample, covering nearly or all of sepal; leaves thick.").
T. grandis
21. Inflorescence simple or few-branched; (add: "floral bracts
2-3 times as long as the internodes, narrow, exposing
much of each sepal; leaves thin."). T. viridiflora
GRANDIS Schlecht.; Pflr. 455. PSA. Further study has revealed
more distinctions between this species and T. viridiflora. Cf.
key, X = 2 above.
HILDAE Rauh, Journ. Bromel. Soc. 21: 139, photo 1-4. 1971,
nomen, without, Latin diagnosis; valid publication: Akad. Wiss.
cemlaliGie Mainz, ‘io’. 3: 19, fig. 9-13. 1973. T. platyphylla sensu
L. B. Smith, “Phytologia 13: 146. 1966, quoad Hutchison & Wright
3516, non Mez, 1906. TIL.
HINTONIANA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. lineatispica Mez et
I. maritima Matuda, quibus affinis, bracteis primariis magnis
a IT. bourgaei Baker, quam simulans, foliis concoloribus viridi-
bus, bracteis primariis angustioribus, laminis suis vix
distinctis differt. TIL.
PLANT stemless, flowering 40-70 cm high. LEAVES over 10 in
a funnelform rosette, 30-50 cm long, concolorous and green or
slightly darkened at extreme base, covered with minute,
appressed, brown-centered scales; sheaths ovate, ca. 10 cm long;
blades narrowly triangular, 15-25 mm wide, flat. SCAPE erect;
scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, subfoliaceous. INFLO-
RESCENCE densely bipinnate, subcylindric or fusiform, 13-26 cm
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 35
long; primary bracts large but typically somewhat shorter than
their axillary spikes; spikes sessile, suberect, lanceolate,
acute, 5 (-8) cm long, 2 cm wide, complanate. FLORAL BRACTS
densely imbricate and concealing the rhachis at anthesis, 3 cm
long, exceeding the sepals, ovate, attenuate, thin, nerved,
sharply carinate, glabrous or subglabrous; flowers subsessile.
SEPALS lanceolate, acute, 25 mm long, thin, nerved, glabrous,
the posterior carinate, short-connate; petals erect, ca. 4 om
long; stamens exserted. CAPSULE slenderly cylindric, 3-4 om
long. Pl. I, fig. I: Primary bract and spike; fig. J: flower.
MEXICO: MEXICO: Dist. Temascaltepec: On oak, Tejupilco,
18 April 1935, G. B. Hinton 7636 (US, type; GH, isotype); dry
rocky slope, Cerro de la Muheca, 1500 m, 27-28 February 1954,
Matuda 30516 (MEXU, US); dry slope, high matorral, Ixtapantongo
to La Junta, 600-800 m, 24-25 April 1954, Matuda 30662 (MEXU,
US); moist slope, mixed oak and pine forest, Canada de
Nanchititla, 1600 m, 25-26 May 1954, Matuda 30791 (MEXU
moist ravine, Malinalco to Charma, 1300 m, 22 April 195k,
Matuda 32175 (MEXU, US).
The concentration of Matuda's collections in 1954 suggests
that this species has flowering years like many bamboos and
like my own experience with Nidularium microps in Rio de
Janeiro.
INTUMESCENS L. B. Smith var. BREVILAMINA L. B. Smith, var.
nov. A var. intumescenti bractearum primariarum laminis quam
spicis multo brevioribus, spicis subduplo majoribus differt.
TIL. Pl. I, fig. G: Lower primary bract and spike; fig. H:
Posterior sepals.
MEXICO: MICHOACAN: cult. Sue Gardner (US, type).
LANGLASSEANA Mez, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 142. 1903. TIL.
Owing to a confusion of the type with another collection, I
formerly placed this species in the synonymy of T. bourgaei
Baker (North American Flora 19: 140. 1938). In reality it is
a distinct species and is more nearly related to T. intumescens
L. B. Smith as indicated in the key above.
LEHMANNIT Rauh, ined. TIL. Ecuador.
MARITIMA Matuda, Cact. y Sucul. Mex. 16: 90, fig. 47. 1971.
TT.
MARNIER-LAPOSTOLLEI Rauh, Journ. Bromel. Soc. 22: 41, figs.
(p. 40, 42). 1972, nomen, without Latin diagnosis; valid publi-
cation: Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz "1973", no. 3: 6, fig. 1-3.
1973. ALL.
MOSCOSOL L. B. Smith & Jiménez, Phytologia 5: 281. 1955;
Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 12: 65. 1955. TIL. VII-30 (1).
NANA Baker; Pflr. 549. ALL.
PERU: without exact locality, Gay 5 n (P, type).
BOLIVIA: COCHABAMBA: R{o Montehuaiko, June 1911, Herzog
2300 (L, type of T. calocephala Wittm.; F photo 11484).
Examination of the type of T. nana shows that it has a
depauperately compound inflorescence not a simple one and that
consequently it equals and replaces the later T. calocephala
Wittm.
US);
36 Pr TO 8G O Gr vk Vol. 28, moana:
NERVATA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Sepalis posterioribus alato-
carinatis T. macisnlene Schlecht. & Cham. (Subgen. Tillandsia)
affinis sed foliorum vaginis pallidis et scapi bracteis inflo-
rescentiam haud involucrantibus differt. TIL.
PLANT flowering to 66 cm high. LEAVES many in a more or less
funnelform rosette, to 55 cm long, green, minutely appressed-
lepidote throughout; sheaths merging with the blades, large;
blades narrowly triangular, ca. 35 mm wide. SCAPE erect, stout,
about equaling the leaves; scape-bracts all polystichous, erect,
densely imbricate, the lower foliaceous with long blades, the
upper ovate, acute and apiculate, subinflated, sublustrous.
INFLORESCENCE simple, 12 cm long, 4 cm wide, lanceolate, acute,
complanate, ca. 10-flowered. FLORAL BRACTS erect and densely
imbricate, 45 mm long, ovate, acuminate, subcoriaceous, nerved,
carinate, bright red G0: Williams), lepidote at apex,
elsewhere glabrous; flowers subsessile. SEPALS 30 mm long,
elliptic, acute, glabrous, the posterior alate-carinate, nearly
free. Pils t, fig. K: intllorescence; fig. l:) Losterior sepals
GUATEMALA: SAN MARCOS: Montane cloud forest area on outer
slopes of Tajumulco Volcano, Sierra Madre Mountains, about 10 km
west of San Marcos, 2400-2700 m, 3 January 1965, L. OQ. Williams
etal. 27215 /@; type).
The petals and stamens of Tillandsia nervata are very
immature but in all probability they are of the subgenus
Tillandsia type, although in an artificial key they come close
to species of subgenus Phytarrhiza. There is also the lesser
possibility of its belonging to subgenus Allardtia.
NERVISEPALA (Gilmartin) L. B. Smith, comb. nov. T. fendleri
Griseb. var. nervisepala Gilmartin, Phytologia 16: 157. 1968.
ALL.
PARVIFLORA R. & P. PS-C. XII-47 (1).
Var. PARVIFLORA. Scape-bracts acute or attenuate. Inflo-
rescence bipinnate.
Var. EXPANSA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 22: 87, pl. 1, fig. 7.
1971. Scape-bracts long-caudate. Inflorescence amply tri-
pinnate.
POMACOCHAE Rauh, Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz LO(35 WO 338 25)
fig. We=55 1973). ” ALL.
PROPAGULIFERA Rauh, Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz "1973", no. 3:
UO ties 6s 1973.0 Abts
ne indicated in the key above, T. propagulifera closely
resembles T. paniculata (L.) L. in habit, the most distinctive
difference in photographs being the one narrower leaf-blades
Of ey PLO lifera.
PYRAMIDATA Andre. ALL. IX-43 (1).
Var. PYRAMIDATA. Flowers all normal.
Var. VIVIPARA Rauh, Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz"1973" no. 3:
17, fig. 7, 8. 1973. Flowers largely viviparous.
REUTERI Rauh. ined. ALL. In his manuscript, Rauh compares
this species with T. glauca L. B. Smith, but its strongly
beaked floral bracts places it next to T. stenoura Harms in
my key.
197 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 37
RHODOSTICTA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. deppeana Steud.,
cui verisimiliter affinis, inflorescentia simplici, bracteis
florigeris laevibus differt. A T. pretiosa Mez, Quam valde
simulans, foliis rubropictis, inflorescentia laxiore differt.
ALL.
PLANT presumably stemless, flowering ca. 50 cm high. LEAVES
to 28 cm long, inconspicuously appressed-lepidote throughout,
green with prominent red spots; sheaths elliptic, 6 em long;
blades narrowly triangular, 15-20 mm wide at base. SCAPE
slender, curved; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, the lower
polystichous, subfoliaceous but much reduced, the upper like
the floral bracts but smaller and distichous. INFLORESCENCE
simple, linear-lanceolate, acute, to 27 cm long, 4 cm wide,
strongly complanate, glabrous; rhachis slender, nearly straight.
FLORAL BRACTS distichous, divergent at anthesis and exposing
the rhachis, elliptic, acute, to 44 mm long, exceeding the
sepals, 11 mm wide on the side, carinate, coriaceous, even,
sublustrous, rose with a violet apex. SEPALS free, linear,
acute, 35 mm long, thin, nerved, the posterior carinate; petal-
blades elliptic, obtuse, dark blue (! Blass); stamens included.
Pl. II, fig. D: Scape and inflorescence; fig. E: Sepal.
' ECUADOR: AZUAY: Cuenca, 1967, cultivated by Alfred Blass
(US, type), in 1970.
SCHUNKEI L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. caerulea H.B.K., cui
verisimiliter affinis, spica multiflora, floribus multo minori-
bus, sepalis dense lepidotis, petalis breviter unguiculatis
differt. PHY.
PLANTS evidently in dense masses; roots present; stems at
least 4 cm long, ca. 8 mm thick including the leaf-sheaths.
LEAVES polystichous, to 17 cm long, densely cinereous-lepidote
with retrorse-divergent scales; sheaths suborbicular, 8 mm
long; blades filamentous, nearly straight, ca. 2 mm wide at
base. Scape erect, 1 mm thick, glabrescent; scape-bracts
involute, erect, ovate with a filiform apex, shorter than the
internodes. Inflorescence simple and distichous-flowered or
rarely a short branch at base, densely lepidote except the
petals, lax, many-flowered; rhachis slender, straight. FLORAL
BRACTS broadly ovate, acute, about half as long as the sepals;
flowers strongly divergent, more than twice as long as the
internodes. SEPALS free, lance-elliptic, acute and beaked, 5 mm
long, carinate; yellowish when dry, the claw very short, the
blade elliptic, acute, mostly included; stamens deeply included
but exceeding the pistil; anthers apiculate. Style about equal-
ing the ovary. CAPSULE slenderly cylindric, 15 m long. Pl. I,
fips A: Inflorescence; fig. B: Sepals fig. Gs Petals Lic. D:
Stamens & pistil.
PERU: TUMBES: Zarumilla: Matapalo: Campoverde 68 km from
Tumbes, dry woods, 600-800 m alt., 14 December 1967, J. Schunke
v. 2k4ok (US, type; F, isotype).
STENOURA var. TRIPINNATA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Phytolo-
gia 21: 93. 1971. T. deppeana var. tripinnata L. B. Smith,
Phytologia 5: 49. 1954. TT. stenoura var. gonzalezii Gilmartin,
38 PLR LYE Onl 0 GE Ah Vol. 28, no.
Phytologia 16: 155. 1968. TT. fendleri var. fendleri sensu
L. B. Smith, Phytologia 20: 175. 1970. ALL.
STEYERMARKII L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A T. seemannii (Baker)
Mez, cui affinis, foliorum laminis subfiliformibus, inflores-
centiam subduplo superantibus, bracteis florigeris ovatis
differt. PS-C.
PLANT stemless, flowering to 15 cm high. LEAVES in a sub-
bulbous, ovoid rosette, to 4S em long, covered with appressed,
brown-centered scales; sheaths ovate, to 7 cm long, dark
castaneous; blades subfiliform, to 4 mm wide at base, involute,
green. SCAPE erect, slender; scape-bracts erect, imbricate,
the lower with foliaceous blades, the upper acute. INFLO-
RESCENCE simple, oblong, 3 cm long, complanate, ca. 8-flowered.
FLORAL BRACTS imbricate, ovate, 8 mm long, convex, thin, nerved,
densely lepidote. SEPALS asymmetric, obovate, truncate, 3 mm
long, thin, densely pale-lepidote. Pl. Ill, fig. I: Leaf;
fig. J: Inflorescence; fig. K: Sepal.
VENEZUELA: YARACUY: virgin cloud forest at the crest of
the range, El Amparo to Candelaria, 7-10 km north of Norte de
Salom, 1200-1300 m, 27-30 December 1972, J. A. Steyermark, V. C.
Espinoza & E. Diederichs 106763 (US, type; VEN, isotype).
SUBINFLATA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. Ab omnibus speciebus sub-
generis Tillandsiae, foliorum laminis anguste triangularibus,
cinereo-lepidotis, vaginis subinflatis, atro-castaneis, bracteis
florigeris lepidotis, sepala superantibus, sepalis lepidotis,
posterioribus carinatis differt. TIL.
PLANT (known only from fragments) flowering at least 25 cm
high. LEAVES almost certainly rosulate, over 30 cm long,
covered with fine, subspreading, cinereous scales; sheaths sub-
orbicular, 6 cm long, subinflated, dark castaneous; blades very
narrowly triangular, ca. 15 mm wide at base, involute, contorted.
SCAPE erect; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, lanceolate, atten-
uate, cinereous-lepidote. INFLORESCENCE typically simple
although separate spikes appear to have been lateral, to 11 cm
long, lax, apically distichous-flowered, basally polystichous;
rhachis slender, flexuous, lepidote. FLORAL BRACTS divergent,
lepidote, ecarinate, equaling or exceeding the sepals, the
lower like the scape-bracts, the upper ovate, acute, red;
flowers subsessile. SEPALS oblong, subacute, 25 mm long, lepi-
dote, the posterior carinate, more or less connate; petals
tubular-convolute, 4 cm long, violet; stamens exserted. Pl. II,
fig. A: Leaf; fig. B: Inflorescence; fig. C: Posterior
sepals.
MEXICO: ZACATECAS: without exact locality, cult. & comm.
A. Blass (US, type), June 1973.
SUCREI E. Pereira, Rodriguesia 26: 115, pl. 4. 1971; Leandra
peNOs 2 Os (Die iol LOT) PANO.
Although it is fairly clear that this is a new species it
is not certain where it should be inserted in my key. Neither
of the descriptions states whether the floral bracts are lepi-
dote or glabrous or whether even or nerved.
SUPERINSIGNIS Matuda, Cact. & Succul. Journ. (U. S.) 45: 189,
2
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 39
fig. 6. 1973. TIL. Cf. also under Subkey IX because the form
of the leaf-blade is uncertain in the description and may well
be in fact also. There are tillandsias such as T. multiflora
Benth. that vary from a perfectly triangular blade to 4
subligulate one. In either case T. superinsignis is abundantly
distinct in my key.
TECTORUM E. Morr. ALL. I-37 (2).
Var. TECTORUM. Leaf-blades filiform-attenuate, to 20 cm
long, 4 mm wide at base. Spikes to 45 mm long and 7-flowered.
Var. BRACHYPHYLLA Rauh, ined. Leaf-blades attenuate to 4
blunt apex, 5-7 cm long, 5 mm wide at base. Spikes 15 mm long
and 2-3-flowered.
TERES L. B. Smith, emend. Rauh, Akad. Wiss. & Lit. Mainz
1973! no. 3: 33, fig. 18-20. 1973. TIL. IX-16 (1).
PLANT stemless, flowering 2 m long when extended. LEAVES to
80 cm long; blades 8 cm wide. SCAPE to 60 cm long, 3 cm thick
at base; upper scape-bracts rufescent-violet. INFLORESCENCE
laxly 2-3-pinnate, 1.4 m long; branches to 60 cm long; spikes
to 20 cm long; rhachis internodes 5-7 mm long. FLORAL BRACTS
to 27 mm long and wide. SEPALS 14-22 mm long; petals exceeding
the floral bracts by about 1 cm.
Data from Rauh 22214 (HEID, US, topotype).
UNDULATOBRACTEATA Rauh, ined. ALL. In his manuscript, Rauh
relates this species to T. hutchisonii L. B. Smith, but by
emphasizing the relative length of the floral bracts my
artificial key places it with T. maxima and T. platyphylla Mez.
In reality, T. undulatobracteata is immediately distinguishable
from all species of subgenus Allardtia by the broad, bullate-
erisped margins of its floral bracts.
VELICKIANA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. IT. lepidosepala L. B. Smith
et T. benthamiana Kl. ex Baker affinis, sed scapo brevissimo,
scapi bracteis quam bracteis florigeris brevioribus differt.
PLANT flowering to 12 cm high. LEAVES very many in a dense
spreading rosette, to 11 cm long, covered with subspreading
cinereous scales; sheaths elliptic-oblong, merging with the
blades; blades very narrowly triangular, filiform-attenuate,
soon involute, ca. 1 cm wide at base. SCAPE very short and
hidden by the leaves; scape-bracts elliptic, caudate to apicu-
late, green, subcoriaceous, lepidote, shorter than the floral
bracts, subinvolucrate beneath the inflorescence. INFLORES-
CENCE erect, simple, 6 cm long, 2 cm wide and nearly as thick,
subfusiform, narrowly acute, densely few-flowered. FLORAL
BRACTS slightly more than distichous at base, exactly so above,
ovate, acute, 4 cm long, much exceeding the sepals, ecarinate,
thin, roseate, subdensely white-lepidote; flowers subsessile.
SEPALS elliptic, obtuse, 28 mm long, free, thin, sparsely
lepidote, the posterior carinate; petals erect in a tube, 4 cm
long, white; stamens exserted. Pl. I, fig. E: Inner leaves
and inflorescence; fig. F: Flower.
GUATEMALA: without exact locality, cultivated in Los
ee California, September 1973, G. J. Velick s. n. (US,
type).
Vol. 28, no. 1
Pa Sit CeO Grd A
0
Plate I
EH, F: T. velickiana.
brevilamina.
K, Lb: LT. nervata.
Fig. A-D: Tillandsia schunkei.
intumescens var.
Gi5 IelS Be
I, J: T. hintoniana.
1974 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae yi
Plate II
Fig. A-C: Tillandsia subinflata. D, E: T. rhodosticta.
F, G: @. dedsonii. H, £: T. gracillime.
2 Poo YL Orb 0G TA Vol, 28, no. 1
Plate III
Fig. A, B: Tillandsia cretacea. C, D: T. eizii.
E, F: T. bongarana. G, H: T. dudleyi.
I-K: T. steyermarkii.
STUDIES IN THE LIABEAE (ASTERACEAE). II.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE GENERA
H. Robinson and R. D. Brettell
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
Two related papers have been concerned with the tribal
status of the Liabeae and with the four genera of the Liabeae
that have been classified in four separate tribes (Robinson &
Brettell 1973; Robinson & Cuatrecasas 1973). The major remain-
ing problems that are treated in this paper involve the detailed
analysis of the primary genus, Liabum, and the summary of the
revised generic concepts of the tribe.
The present treatment recognizes fourteen genera in the tribe
Liabeae with the increase derived entirely from the dissection
of the overly expanded concept of Liabum. As conceived by Bentham
(1873) and Hoffmann (1894), Liabum included a variety of habits
equal to that in the vast genus Senecio. All illusions of an
intergrading series disappear on examination of microscopic
structures. Supporting evidence is obtained from pollen, style
branches, corolla shapes, stipules, raphids, minute details of
pappus, stomates on corollas, exothecial cells, nectaries, ray
flower length, ornamentation of receptacles, corolla and achene
pubescence, carpopodia, filaments and phyllaries. The characters
have all proven to correlate rather well with macroscopic features
and all the resulting genera can be recognized by a combination of
habit, leaf venation, inflorescence form and pappus.
The relationships among the Liabeae prove to be much more
complex than previous treatments would indicate. Some general
groupings are obvious, however. The Munnozia group is particularly
distinct withthe black anthers, distinct disk corolla tubes, very
prominent rays, short raphids in the achenes and short style branches.
The Paranephelius group has pale anthers large pollen with simple
spines, long raphids in the achenes and long style branches. The
Liabum group has comparatively small spores and rather short rays
and includes many variations having sometimes shrubby habits or
filiform style branches, short raphids in the achenes, very narrow
tubes of the disk corollas or corolla lobes without evident
stomata. The remaining groups including Sinclairia and Austroliabum
have long raphids in the achenes, large pollen with more complex
spines and intermediate length style branches. The analysis of
the tribe indicates that the reduced habit of a few more basal
leaves and a small scapose inflorescence has evolved in four
43
Lh PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 1
separate groups, Liabum, Liabellum, Chrysactinium and Pseudonoseris.
The eppapose condition has evolved in two genera, Cacosmia and
Philoglossa.
Most of the microscopic characters used in the tribe are
easily seen in dissections but two characters require special
notice. The raphids in the achene wall are inside the cells of
the various layers and usually cannot be seen without a clearing
agent. A clearing agent such as Hoyer's solution is definitely
required to observe the differentiated cell tips in the pappus
of Liabum, Oligactis and Chionopappus. In water only the slightest
differentiation of the cell tips can be seen but the combination
of clearing and the altered index of refraction in Hoyer's solution
reveals a very small thin-walled acumination or apiculus on the
tip of each tooth. The pappus character is often difficult to
see but in only one species in the group of three genera, Liabum
domingense, has it proven to be lacking.
This study has benefited from reference to extensive notes
maintained by Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas and from Liabum material on
loan to Dr. Cuatrecasas from the Field Museum in Chicago.
The genera can be distinguished by the following keys. The
first key uses the more obvious characters while the second key
attempts to reflect more of the relationships.
Key to Genera
ie Corolla tube abruptly expanding into rather tubular base of
limb; anther thecae partly or totally black; style branches
rather short, not more than ten times as long as wide;
heads usually on very long slender unbranched peduncles,
never congested 2
1. Corolla tube gradually expanding into limb; anther thecae
pale or brownish; style branches short to very elongate,
sometimes filiform; heads never on very long slender
unbranched peduncles, often congested
2. Pappus very vestigial or lacking; at least the stipules of
the leaves bearing hairs with much enlarged basal cells;
tube of disk corolla 2-3 times as long as wide
Philoglossa
2. Pappus with prominent setae or squamae or both; leaves
not bearing hairs with much enlarged basal cells; tube of
disk corolla much longer 3
She Plants with leaves in basal rosettes; inflorescence of single
heads on very long unbranched peduncles; corolla lobes
with short-stalked capitate glands scattered over outer
197 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae LS
surface, without longer glands or hairs; anther collars
with prominent transverse annular thickenings obscuring
cell pattern Chrysactinium
3. Plants small to robust herbs with distinct leafy stems,
usually with branching inflorescence; corolla lobes usually
with elongate hairs or glands near tips; anther collars
with annular thickenings not obscuring cell limits
Munnozia
4. Plant a basal rosette with heads sessile and immersed
Paranephel ius
4. Plant with heads raised on short to elongate pedicels 5
Bis Pappus completely absent, achene completely glabrous
Cacosmia
Je Pappus present, achene with at least a few glands or setae
6
6. Pappus setae plumose, in one series; corollas of disk
flowers red or purple Chionopappus
6. Pappus not plumose, usually in more than one series; all
flowers yellow 7
Tis Inflorescence with all or all but most basal bracts and
branches subopposite and alternate; receptacle minimally
alveolate, without any hairs, chaff or projections 8
re Inflorescence with all or with primary bracts and branching
opposite; receptacle with minute hairs or chaff or pro-
jections 10
8. Pappus with inner setae broadened and flattened like outer
squamae; small high elevation plants Angelianthus
8. Pappus with setae narrow and mostly terete 9
9. Plants with leaves in basal rosette, leaf venation essen-
tially pinnate; pollen spines simple without evident
multiple chambering at base Pseudonoseris
9. Plants with prominent erect leafy stems, primary leaves
prominently trinervate; spines of pollen with distinct
complex chambering in base Austroliabum
10. Plants shrubs, vines or trees; leaves with pinnate venation
46
10.
Wilke
ie
38
ye) Vel ng Wes) de ) @} at JA Vol. 28, noo
achenes bearing both glands and setae 1]
Plants small to large herbs; leaves rather prominently tri-
nervate; achenes with or without glands 12
Scandent shrubs; leaf bases not stipulate or with only ad-
jacent lobe on node; raphids in walls of achene quadrate;
tips of cells of pappus teeth with specialized thin walled
mucro Oligactis
Shrubs and small trees; leaf bases with stipules fused into
small sheath; raphids in walls of achene elongate; tips of
cells of pappus teeth not specialized Ferreyranthus
. Leaves deeply palmately lobed; small few headed plants with
underground tuber Liabel lum
. Leaves dentate to entire, not palmately lobed; small to
larger herbs without underground tuber 13
Petiole bases and nodes without wings or lobes, leaves some-
times in whorls of three or more; stems usually not white
tomentose, mostly terete; inflorescence in thyrsoid or
corymbose panicle; ray flowers often lacking; pollen
grains 35-504 in diam.; achenes with elongate raphids in
walls; tips of teeth of pappus setae not specialized
Petiole bases or nodes with wings or lobes, leaves always
opposite; stems always white tomentose or flocculose
pubescent; inflorescence a cymose panicle; ray flowers
always present; pollen grains 25-35uy in diam; achenes
with quadrate raphids in walls; tips of cells in pappus
teeth with thin-walled mucro Liabum
Alternative Key
Anther thecae black; peduncles usually elongate; corollas
abruptly expanded above tube; style branches rather short
Munnozia, Chrysactinium, Philoglossa
Anther thecae pale; peduncles usually short; style branches
often very long 2
Pappus in One row or lacking; achene without distinct
carpopodium 3
Pappus in 2-3 rows; achene with distinct carpopodium 4
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae hi?
3. Pappus lacking; corolla lobes without stomata; heads with
few broad rays Cacosmia
3. Pappus with plumose setae; corolla lobes with stomata near
margin; heads with many narrow rays Chionopappus
4. Pappus with tips of projecting cells bearing a minute
thin-walled mucro; walls of achenes with cells containing
quadrate raphids; pollen grains 25-35y in diam. corolla
lobes without evident stomata 5
4. Pappus with tips of projecting cells not specialized; walls
of achenes with cells containing elongate raphids; pollen
grains mostly 35-50, in diam; corolla lobes usually with
evident stomata 6
5. Plant small to large herbs; leavesslightly to strongly
trinervate; inflorescence cymose or subcymose; achenes
with only setae and no glands Liabum
5. Plants scandent shrubs; leaves pinnately veined; inflorescence
a corymbose or thyrsoid panicle; achene with glands and
setae Oligactis
6. Plants with leaves mostly in basal rosettes; pollen grains
with spines simple internally
6. Plants with prominent erect leafy stems; pollen grains with
spine bases intricately chambered internally 9
7. All pappus elements flattened Angelianthus
7. All least inner pappus elements capillary 8
8. Heads sessile in basal rosette; receptacle with high ridges
enclosing bases of achenes; phyllaries rather broad and
blunt Paranephelius
8. Heads on laxly branched scape; receptacle nearly smooth;
phyllaries rather narrow with long slender tips
Pseudonoseris
9. Shrubs or small trees; upper surfaces of leaves usually
rugose, leaf venation pinnate Ferreyranthus
9. Herbs or straggling shrubs; upper surfaces of leaves rather
smooth, leaf venation prominently trinervate 10
10. Most or all bracts and branches of inflorescence subopposite
48 PH YT OebONG A Vol. 28, nos
or alternate; achene narrowed at base with small carpopodium,
ribs very prominent; leaves never in whorls; ray flowers
always present Austroliabum
10. Most bracts and branches of inflorescence opposite; achene
cylindrical with very large carpopodium, ribs rather weak;
leaves often in whorls; ray flowers often lacking 11
11. Leaves sessile or winged to base, palmately lobed; smal]
plants with basal tuber Liabel1um
11. Leaves petiolate without wings or stipules, not lobes;
plants without basal tuber Sinclairia
ANGELIANTHUS H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell nom. nov. Liabellum
Cabrera, Not. Mus. La Plata 17, Bot. no. 84:76. 1954. (not
Liabellum Rydberg) T. Liabellum humile Cabrera, originally
monotypic.
The genus is named for Dr. Angel L. Cabrera, the author of
the species.
Angelianthus humilis (Cabrera H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. noy. Liabellum humile Cabrera, Not. Mus. La Plata
17, Bot. No. 84:78. 1954.
AUSTROLIABUM H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, genus novum
Asteracearum (Liabeae). Plantae herbaceae vel suffruticentes.
Folia opposita vel subopposita distincte petiolata, petiolis
alatis vel base stipulatis, laminis triangularibus vel lanceolatis
subtus vel utrinque albo-tomentosis, nervis basilaribus trifidis.
Inflorescentiae plerumque cymosae superne alternate ramosae,
pedicellis saepe elongatis. Capitula late companulata; squamae
involucri ca. 3-4 seriatae inaequales vel subaequales
anguste attenuataeextus plerumque glandulis longiuscule stipitatis
dense obsitae; receptacula admodum glabra. Flores ca. 50-200;
radii 1-2-seriati longi, corollis base perangustis hirsutis;
corollae disci inferne sensim perangustae parce hirsutae, lobis
elongatis plerumque glabris ad apicem hirsutis marginaliter
stomatiferis; filamenta antherarum laevia vel papillosa;
thecae pallidae base subfimbriatae, cellulis exothecialibus
ovalis irregulariter ornatis in extremis nodiferis, appendices
longe ovatae 1-1/2 - 2 longiores quam latiores laeves; rami
stylorum ca. 15 longiores quam latiores. Achaenia oborata
inferne distincte angustiora valde 10-costata dense setifera,
raphidibus elongatis; carpopodia angusta, cellulis plerumque
3-5-seriatis aliquantum parvis, parietibus subcrassis; series
pappi exteriores mediocriter vel manifeste squamiformes
interiores setiformes plerumque facile deciduae, apicibus
cellularum simplicibus. Grana pollinis 35-454 diam., spinis
197k Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 9
irregularibus interne intricatis. Species typica: Liabum
candidum Griseb.
Austroliabum candidum (Griseb.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum candidum Griseb., Symbolae 203. 1979.
Austroliabum eremophilum (Cabrera) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum eremophilum Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Arg.
Bot. 2:96. 1947.
Austroliabum mulgediifolium (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum mulgediifolium Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
505 Beibl = T1I+85. "1918s
Austroliabum polymnioides (R.E.Fries) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum polymnioides R.E.Fries, Arkiv Bot.
tia) 224s Pl Woon ig lO=1iren O06:
CACOSMIA H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:227. ed. fol. 1818.
T. Cacosmia rugosa H.B.K., originally monotypic.
Cacosmia rugosa H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:228, ed. fol. 1818.
CHIONOPAPPUS Benth. in Benth. & Hook f. Gen. 3:485. 1873.
T. Chionopappus benthamii Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
25:492. 1935. monotypic, originally described without named
species.
Chionopappus benthamii Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:
492. 1935.
CHRYSACTINIUM (H.B.K.) Wedd., Chlor. And. 1:212. 1856.
Andromachia sect. Chrysactinium H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp.
4:77 ed. fol. 1818. LT.: Andromachia acaulis H.B.K., present
designation.
Chrysactinium acaule (H.B.K.) Wedd., Chlor. And. 1:212. 1857.
Ancromachia acaulis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:77 ed. fol. 1818.
Chrysactinium amphothrix (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum amphothrix Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad.
SClve bereg0e 1927.
Chrysactinium arthrothrix (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum arthrothrix Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sen, lvseteyer eee
Chrysactinium bicolor (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum bicolor Blake, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:290. 1927.
50 PHY TOL 0.G-T A Vol. 28, no.
Chrysactinium caulescens (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum caulescens Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
36:500. 1905.
Chrysactinium erigeroides (Benth.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum erigeroides Benth., Pl. Hartw. 206. 1845.
Chrysactinium hieracioides (H.B.K.) H. Robinson & R.D.Brettel]
comb. nov. Andromachia hieracioides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et
Spa 427 7 edi tollie Shs
Chrysactinium longiradiatum (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum longiradiatum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
2leso2e0 1895.
Chrysactinium rosulatum (Hieron.) H.Robnson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum rosulatum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
36501." 19052
Chrysactinium tenuius (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum ternius Blake, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.
17:289. 1927. ("tenuior").
FERREYANTHUS H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, genus novum Aster-
acearum (Liabeae). Plantae fruticentes vel subarborescentes.
Folia opposita, petiolis brevibus saepe alatis base breviter
vaginatis connatis, laminis ovatis vel ellipticis supra
plerumque rugosis subtus albo-tomentosis, nervis pinnatis.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis aliquantum
brevibus angustis. Capitula late campanulata; squamae
involucri ca. 5-seriatae valde inaequales acutae; receptacula
breviter distincte paleacea. Flores ca. 20-25; radii uniseriati
breves, corollis base perangustis; corollae disci anguste infundi-
bulares, tubis aliquantum latae indistinctae glabrae, lobis
elongatis superne pauce setiferis vel breviter glanduliferis
marginaliter stomatiferis; filamenta antherarum glabra vel
hirsuta; thecae plerumque pallidae base valde fimbriatae,
cellulis exothecialibus ovalis in extremis nodiferis, appen-
dices oblongo-ovatae 1-1/2 - 2 longiores quam latiores laeves;
rami stylorum ca 10-12 longiores quam latiores. Achaenia
prismatica inferne parum angustiora leniter 10-costata varie
setifera et glandulifera, raphidibus elongatis; carpopodia
obturaculiformia, cellulis aliquantum parvis, parietibus
crassis; series pappi exteriores anguste squamiformes
interiores setiformes persistentes, apicibus cellularum
simplicibus. Grana pollinis 25-40, diam, spinis irregularibus
interne intricatis. Species typica: Andromachia verbascifolia
HSBeK.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 51
Ferreyranthus excelsus (Poepp. & Endl.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Andromachia excelsum Poepp. & End]l., Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 3:44.1843.
Ferreyranthus pseudosalviifolius (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.
bretteld, comb. nov. Liabum pseudosalviifolium Hieron.,
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 36:502. 1905.
Ferreyranthus rugosus (Ferreyra) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum rugosum Ferreyra, Publ. Mus. "Javier Prado"
Boia ZU co lobSi
Ferreyranthus tovari (Cabrera) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum tovari Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 10:29.
1962.
Ferreyranthus vaginans (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum vaginans Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
50. Beibl .. T11s79: 1913"
Ferreyranthus verbascifolius (H.B.K.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell.
comb. nov. Andromachia verbascifolia H.B.K., Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 4:79 ed.fol. 1818.
Ferreyranthus vernonioides (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell.
comb. nov. Liabum vernonioides Muschler, Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 50, Beibl. III:80.1913.
LIABELLUM Rydberg, North Am. Flora 34:294. 1927. T.:
Liabum palmeri A. Gray, original designation.
Liabellum angustissimum (Gray) Rydb., North. Am. Flora 34:295.
1927. Liabum angustissimum Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad.22:432.1887.
Liabellum cervinum (B.L.Rob.) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:294.1927.
Liabum cervinum B.L.Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. 29:317. 1894.
Liabellum palmeri (Gray) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:295.1927.
Liabum palmeri Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22:432.1887.
LIABUM adans., Fam. 2:131. 1763. Lt.: Liabum brownei
Cass.=Liabum umbellatum (L.) Sch. Bip. Starkea Willd., Sp.
Pl. 3:2216.1803. T.: Amellus umbellata L., originally
monotypic. Andromachia Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequin. 2:104.1809.
T.: Andromachia igniaria Bonp]. Allendea Llav. & Lex., Nov.
Veg. Deser. 1:10.1824. T.: Allendea lanceolata Llav. & Lex.=
Liabum bourgeaui. Viviania Willd. ex Less., Linnaea 4:318.
4:318.1829. T.: Viviania bicolor Willd. = Liabum melastomoides
(H-B.K.) Less.
52 PAY Tf) OSL OrGr Lk Vol. 28, noset
Liabum acuminatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 161.1920.
Liabum acutifolium Cuatr., Collect. Bot., Barcinone 3:299.1953.
Liabum amplexans Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:292.1927.
Liabum amplexicaule Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:43.1843.
Liabum asclepiadeum Sch. Bip., Linnaea, 20:521.1847.
Liabum barahonense Urb., Arkiv. Bot. 23A:85. 1931.
Liabum bourgeaui Hieron.; Ule, Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand.
48:208.1907.
Liabum caliense Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28:623. 1901.
Liabum cubense Sch.Bip., Journ. Bot. 1:236. 1863.
Liabum domingense Rydb. North Am. Flora 34:291.1927.
Liabum eggersii Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28:624.1901.
Liabum eriocaulon Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:43. t.
249.1843.
Liabum falcatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 161.1920.
Liabum floribundum Less., Linnaea 6:702. 1831.
Liabum grandiflorum (H.B.K.) Less., Linnaea 6:698.1831.
Andromachia grandiflora H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp.
4:77. ed. fol. 1818.
Liabum igniarium (H.B.K.) Less. Linnaea 6:701.1831.
Andromachia igniaria H.B.K. Pl. Aequin. 2:104.1812.
Liabum lehmannii Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19:61. 1894.
Liabum longipes Urb., Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 26:115.1929.
Liabum melastomoides (H.B.K.) Less., Linnaea 6:699.1831.
Andromachia melastomoides H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp.
4:79 ed. fol. 1818.
Liabum nigro-pilosum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29:59. 1900.
Liabum oblanceolatum Urb. & EKm., Arkiv. Bot. 23A:89.1931.
197) Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 53
Liabum ovatifolium Urb., Arkiv. Bot. 23A:86.1931.
Liabum polycephalum Urb., Arkiv. Bot. 23A:88.1931.
Liabum selleanum Urb., Arkiv. Bot. 23A:26.1931.
Liabum solidagineum (H.B.K.) Less., Linnaea 6:700.1831.
Andromachia solidaginea H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:78 ed. fol.
1818.
Liabum stipulatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 160.1920.
Liabum stuebelii Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 21:353.1895.
Liabum subacaule Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:290.1927.
Liabum subumbellatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 159. 1920.
Liabum ulei Hieron, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 1906, 68:206.1907.
Liabum umbellatum (L.) Sch. Bip. Journ. Bot. 1:236.1863.
Amellus umbellatus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10.1225. 1759.
Liabum weberbaueri Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 50, Beibl. III:
Tee 193.
Liabum wrightii Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. 8:515.1862.
Liabum wurdackii Ferreyra, Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado"
Bot. Ser. B. 20:2.1965.
MUNNOZIA Ruiz & Pavon, Prod. Fl. Per. 108. 1794. LT.:
Munnozia lanceolata Ruiz & Pavon, present designation. The
genus was originally described with mention of two unnamed
species (Ruiz & Pavon 1794). Four species were later described
(R&P. 1798). Cabrera (1960) in his notes of the types of the
four species indicated that only two had been annotated as
new genus. Of these two, M. lanceolata seems the most completely
known and it is here selected as the lectotype.
Key to Subgenera
1. Exothecial cells quadrate with thickenings on both transverse
and vertical walls; pappus with lacerate or triangular
outer squamae and very few inner setae. Kastnera
1. Exothecial cells without evident thickenings on vertical
walls; pappus with numerous setae and with few or no
outer squamae 2
Sh PHY T OcL OG Tx Vol. 28, no. 1
2. Leaves densely tomentose below, trinervate near base;
nectaries not very long; achenes mostly 8-10 ribbed
Munnozia
2. Leaves nearly glabrous on both sides, with 5-7 veins
radiately from base nectaries elongate; achenes mostly
5-ribbed. Erato
Munnozia subgenus Munnozia. Alibum Less., Syn. Comp. 152.
1832. T. Alibum liaboides Less.= Munnozia lyrata, originally
monotypic. Prionolepis Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:55,
t.261. 1845. T. Prionolepis silphioides Poepp. & Engl., originally
monotypic. Liabum subgenus Chrysartrum Willd. ex Sch. Bip.,
Flora 36:37. 1853. T. Liabum sagittatum Sch. Bip., present
designation. Chrysastrum (Sch.Bip.) Willd. ex Wedd., Chlor.
And. 1:211, in nota. 1857. T. Liabum sagittatum Sch. Bip.
Munnozia acostae (Chung) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum acostae Chung, Phytologia 14(6) :323.1967.
Munnozia affinis (Blake) H. Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum affine Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:301.1927.
Munnozia angusta (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D. Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum angustum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:295.1927.
Munnozia attenuata Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:317.1927.
Munnozia canarensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum canarense Cuatr., Brittonia 8:46.1954.
Munnozia cardenasii (Cabrera) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum cardenasii Cabrera, Not. Mus. La Plata, Bot.
14:191.1949.
Munnozia chrysanthemoides Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:313.1927.
Munnozia convencionensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum convencionense Cuatr., Collect. Bot.,
Barcinone 3:300.1953.
Munnozia corymbosa Ruiz & Pavon, Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 195. 1798.
Munnozia eriocalyx (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
1labum eriocalyx Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:297.1927.
Munnozia foliosa Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:312.1927.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae SS
Munnozia gigantea (Rusby) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:312,1927.
Liabum giganteum Rusby, Bull. N.Y.Bot. Gard. 4:391.1907.
Munnozia glandulosa (0.Ktze.) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:314.
1927. Liabum glandulosum 0.Ktze., Rev. Gen. 3(2):163. 1898.
Munnozia hastifolia (Poepp. & Endl.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum hastifolium Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3:43.1843.
Munnozia herrerae (Cabrera) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum herrerae Cabrera, Rev. Univ. Cuzco, 33(87):119.1945.
Munnozia hirta (0.Ktze.) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:314.1927.
Liabum hirtum 0. Ktze., Rev. Gen. 3(2): 163. 1898.
Munnozia isodonta (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum 7sodontum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:298.1927.
Munnozia jussieui (Cass.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Andromachia jussieui Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. 184.1817.
Munnozia klattii H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, nom.nov. Liabum
corymbosum Sch. Bip. ex Klatt, Annal. Naturh. Hofmus Wien.
9:363.1894.
Munnozia lanceolata Ruiz et Pavon, Syst. Veg. 196. 1798.
Munnozia longifolia Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:313.1927.
Munnozia lyrata (Gray) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum lyratum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:115.1861.
Munnozia megacephala (Sch.Bip.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum megacephalum Sch. Bip., Flora 36:38.1853.
Munnozia nonoensis (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum nonoense Hieron., Engl. Jahrb. 29:59.1900.
Munnozia olearioides (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum olearioides Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
50, Beibl. III:82.1913.
Munnozia oxyphylla (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum oxyphyllum Cuatr., Collect. Bot., Barcinone,
3:303.1953.
Munnozia perfoliata (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Ciabum perfoliatum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
i 2S S276.
56 Puy 20 L0G 1A Vol. 28, no. 1
Munnozia peruensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum peruense Cuatr., Collect. Bot., Barcinone
3:304.1953.
Munnozia pinnulosa (0. Ktze) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum pinnulosum 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 3 (2):163.1898.
Munnozia pulchra (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum pulchrum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:299.1927.
Munnozia rusbyi (Britton) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 54:312.1927.
Liabum rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 19:263.1892.
Munnozia sagittata (Sch. Bip.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum sagittatum Sch. Bip., Flora 36:37.1853.
Munnozia senecionidis Benth., Pl. Hartw. 134. 1844.
Munnozia silphioides (Poepp. & Endl.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Prionolepis silphioides Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen.
5:55. (Dil.2o) sle45.
Munnozia strigulosa Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 54:317.1927.
Munnozia subviride (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum subviride Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
17:294.1927.
Munnozia tabanensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum tabanense Cuatr., Caldasia 3:425.1945.
Munnozia taeniotricha (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum taeniotrichum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
i298 927%
Munnozia trinervis Ruiz & Pavon, Syst. Veg. 195.1798.
Munnozia venosissima Ruiz & Pavon, Syst. Veg. 195. 1798.
Munnozia subgenus Erato (DC.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
Stat. nov. Erato DC., 5:318.1836. T.Erato polymnioides DC.,
originally monotypic.
Munnozia (Erato) anatina (Benoist) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum anatinum Benoist, Bull. Soc. Bot.
France. 84:633.1938.
Munnozia (Erato) polymnioides (DC.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Erato polymnioides DC., Prod. 5:318.1836. Syn.
Liabum pallatangense Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29:60.1900.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 57
Munnozia (Erato) sodiroi (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum sodiroi Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29:61.1900.
Munnozia (Erato) stenolepis (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum Stenolepis Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
lwesOZg27e
Munnozia (Erato) vulcanica (Klatt) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum vulcanicum Klatt, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
8:47.1887.
Munnozia subgenus Kastnera (Sch.Bip.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
stat. nov. Kastnera Sch.Bip., Flora 36:37.1853. T.Kastnera tenera
Sch.Bip., originally monotypic.
Munnozia (Kastnera) annua (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum annuum Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 50,
Beibl. III:84.1913.
Munnozia (Kastnera) nivea (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum niveum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19:62.1894.
Munnozia (Kastnera) pinnatipartitum (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.
Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum pinnatipartitum Hieron., Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. 29:62.1900.
Munnozia (Kastnera) tenera (Sch.Bip.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Kastnera tenera Sch.Bip., Flora 36:38.1853.
OEIGACTIS “(H-B. Kz), Cass... DicteSci. Nat. S616. 1825.
Andromachia sect. Oligactis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:79.ed.
fol. 1818. LT.: Andromachia volubilis H.B.K., present designation.
Oligactis subgenus Oligactis Heads clustered in short
subumbellate, spiciform or racemiform axillary or terminal
branches, anther appendages papillose.
Oligactis biattenuata (Rusby) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum biattenuatum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl.
159.1920.
Oligactis boyacensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum boyacensis Cuatr., Not. Fl. Colomb. 6:36.1944;
Rev. Acad. Colomb. 6:61.1944.
Oligactis latifolia (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettel]l, comb.
nov. Liabum volubile (H.B.K.) Less.v. latifolium Hieron.,
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28:622.1901.
Oligactis mikanioides (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum mikanioides Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:294.1927.
58 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 1
Oligactis nubigena (H.B.K.) Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 36:16.1825.
Andromachia nubigena H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:79 ed. fol.
1818.
Oligactis sessiliflora (H.B.K.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Andromachia sessiliflora H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:80
ed. fol. 1818.
Oligactis valeri (Stand]l.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum valeri Stand]., Publ. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago,
Bot. Ser., 18:1490.1938.
Oligactis volubilis (H.B.K.) Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 36:17.1825.
Andromachia volubilis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:80.
ede folmews1e-
Qligactis subgenus Andromachiopsis H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
subgenus novum. Plantae frutescentes Subscandentes; inflorescentiae
corymboso-paniculatae; appendices antherarum laeves. T.Liabum
pichinchense Hieron.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) coriacea (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.
rettell, comb. nov. Liabum coriaceum Hieron. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 29:58.1900.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) cusalaguensis (Hieron.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum cusalaguense Hieron.,
Eng]. Bot. Jahrb. 29:55.1900.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) ecuadoriensis (Hieron.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum ecuadoriense Hieron.,
Eng]. Bot. Jahrb. 19:60.1894.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) fruticosa (Muschler) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum fruticosum Muschler, Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. 50, Beibl. III:81.1913.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) granatensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson &
R.D. Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum granatensis Cuatr.,
Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 55:128.1953.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) hallii (Hieron.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum hallii Hieron., Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. 29:57.1900.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) ochracea (Cuatr.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum ochraceum Cuatr.,
Collect. Bot., Barcinone 3:302.1953.
Qligactis (Andromachiopsis) pastoensis (Cuatr.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum pastoense Cuatr., Not.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 59
Fl. Colomb. 6:36.1944; Rev. Acad. Colomb. 6:62.1944.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) pichinchensis (Hieron.) H.Robinson &
-D-Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum pichinchense Hieron., Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. 29:56.1900.
Oligactis (Andromachiopsis) scandens (Domke) H.Robinson & R.D.
rettell, comb. nov. Liabum scandens Domke in Diels, Bibl.
BOE NO HiGst6/. 1937
PARANEPHELIUS Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:42. t. 248.
1843. T.: Paranephelius uniflorus Poepp. & Endl., originally
monotypic.
Paranephelius asperifolius (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum asperifolium Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
SOs. BeTbl,. TEL: 78 1913:
Paranephelius bullatus Gray ex Wedd. Chlor. And. 1:214.1855.
Paranephelius jelskii (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Liabum jelskii Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 36:499.1905.
Paranephelius ovatus Wedd., Chlor. And. 1:214, t.37B.1855.
Paranephelius uniflorus Poepp.& Endl., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:42.
t.248.1843.
PHILOGLOSSA DC., Prod. 5:567.1836. T. Philoglossa peruviana
DC., originally monotypic.
Philoglossa blakei H.Robinson & J.Cuatrecasas, Phytologia 26(5):
383.1973.
Philoglossa mimuloides (Hieron.) H.Robinson & J.Cuatrecasas
Phytologia 26(5):384.1973. Juamea mimuloides Hieron.,
Engl]. Bot. Jahrb. 29:52.1900.
Philoglossa peruviana DC., Prod. 5:567.1836.
Philoglossa pterocarpha Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1956:292.1956.
PSEUDONOSERIS H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, genus novum Aster-
acearum (Liabeae). Plantae herbaceae quasi acaulescentes.
Folia opposita oblanceolata crenata vel lobata sessilia base
parum auriculata supra rugosa vel sublaevia subtus albo-tomentosa,
nervis pinnatis. Inflorescentiae scaposae superne laxe alternate
ramosae, pedicellis et involucris glandulis longiuscule
stipitatis dense obsitis. Capitula late campanulata; squamae
involucri ca. 4-seriatae inaequales interiores longe attenuatae;
receptacula subglabra. Flores ca. 40-75; radii 1-2-seriati
60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 1
longi, corollis base perangustis; corollae disci anguste infundi-
bulares, tubis minus angustis indistinctis hirsutis, lobis elongatis
extus glabris vel uniglanduliferis marginaliter stomatiferis;
filamenta antherarum laevia; thecae pallidae base non fimbriatae,
cellulis exothecialibus ovalis in extremis nodiferis, appendices
breviter ovatae 1-11/2 longiores quam latiores laeves; rami
stylorum angusti elongati ca. 20-30 longiores quam latiores.
Achaenia obovata inferne parum angustiora valde 10-costata sparse
setifera, raphidibus elongatis; carpopodia breviter cylindrica,
cellulis aliquantum magnis, parietibus nodiferis; series pappi
exteriores anguste squamiformes interiores setiformes persis-
tentes, apicibus cellularum simplicibus. Grana pollinis
35-45 diam, spinis regularibus interne simplicibus. Species
typica: Liabum striatum Cuatr.
Pseudonoseris discolor (Muschler) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Onoseris discolor Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
50, Beibl.III:94.1913. syn. Liabum lanatum Ferreyra, Bol.
Soc. Peru. Bot. 1:17.1948.
Pseudonoseris striatum (Cuatr.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum striatum Cuatr., Collect. Bot.,
Barcinone 3:306.1953.
Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii (Hieron.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell,
comb. nov. Liabum szyszylowiczii Hieron., Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 36:503.1905.
SINCLAIRIA Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 433.1841. T.:
Sinclairia discolor Hook. & Arn., originally monotypic.
Sinclairiopsis Rydberg, North Am. Flora 34:292.1927. T.: Liabum
klattii Robinson & Greenman, originally monotypic. Megaliabum
Rydberg, North Am. Flora 34:293.1927. T.: Vernonia andrieuxii
DC., original designation.
Sinclairia adenotricha (Greenm.) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:300.
1927. Liabum adenotrichum Greenm., Field Mus. Publ. Bot.
PSA Oe ONZe
Sinclairia andrieuxii (DC.) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb.
nov. Vernonia andrieuxii DC., Prod. 5:16.1836.
Sinclairia andromachioides (Less.) Rydb., N. Amer. Flora 34:
298.1927. Vernonia andromachioides Less. Linnaea 6:397.
1831.
Sinclairia blakei H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, nom. nov.
Vernonia hypoleuca DC., Prod. 5:27. 1836.
Sinclairia brachypus Rhdb., North Am. Flora 34:299.1927.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 61
Sinclairia caducifolia (B.L.Robinson & Bartlett) Rydb., North Am.
Flora 34:299.1927. Liabum caducifolium B.L.Robinson & Bartlett,
Proc. Amer. Acad. 43:59.1907.
Sinclairia deamii (B.LRobinson & Bartlett) Rydb., North Am. Flora
34:299.1927. Liabum deamii B.L.Robinson & Bartlett, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 43:60.1907.
Sinclairia deppeana (Less.) Rydb., North. Am. Flora 34:300.1927.
Andromachia deppeana Less., Linnaea 6:401.1831.
Sinclairia dimidia (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum dimidium Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22:385.1932.
Sinclairia discolor Hook. & Arn., Beech. Voy. 433.1841.
Sinclairia glabra (Hems].) Rydb., North. Am. Flora 34:297.1927.
Liabum glabrum Hems]., Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2:232.1881.
Sinclairia hypochlora (Blake) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:301.1927.
Liabum hypochlorum Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. N.S. 53:27.1918.
Sinclairia hypoleuca (Greenm.) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:297.
1927. Liabum glabrum var. hypoleucum Greenm., Proc. Am.
Acad. 32.294.1897.
Sinclairia klattii (B.L.Robinson & Greenm.) H. Robinson & R.D.
rettell, comb. nov. Liabum klattii B.L. Robinson &
Greenm., Am. Journ. Sci. Ser 3. 1:156.1895.
Sinclairia liebmannii (Klatt.) Sch. Bip. ex Rydberg, North Am.,
Flora 34:300.1927. Liabum liebmannii Klatt, Leopoldina
23:146.1887.
Sinclairia moorei (H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell) H.Robinson &
-D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum moorei H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, Phytologia 27:252.1973.
Sinclairia pittieri Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:300.1927.
Sinclairia platylepis (Sch. Bip. ex Klatt) Rydb., North Am.
Flora 34:296.1927. Liabum platylepis Sch. Bip. ex Klatt,
Leopoldina 23:146.1887.
Sinclairia polyantha (Klatt) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:299.
1927. Liabum polyanthum Klatt, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot.
Belg. 31:209.1892.
Sinclairia pringlei (B.L.Robinson & Greenm.) H.Robinson &
R.D.Brettell, comb. nov. Liabum pringlei B.L. Robinson
& Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 32:49.1896.
62 PHY TG LOG Tis Vol, 28, nosex
Sinclairia sericolepis (Hems1.) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:301.1927.
Liabum sericolepis Hems]., Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2:232.1881.
Sinclairia similis (McVaugh) H.Robinson & R.D.Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum simile McVaugh, Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9:468.1972.
Sinclairia subglandularis (Blake) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:298.
1927. Liabum subglandulare Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
24:31.1922.
Sinclairia sublobata (B.L.Robinson) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:297.
1927. Liabum sublobatum B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad.
51:539.1916.
Sinclairia tajumulcensis (Standley & Steyerm.) H. Robinson & R.
. BrettelT, comb. nov. Liabum tajumulcense Standley &
Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago. Bot. Ser.
23527-1943.
Sinclairia tonduzii (B.L.Robinson) Rydb., North Am. Flora 34:298.1927.
Liabum tonduzii B.L.Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
31:270.1904.
Sinclairia vagans (Blake) H.Robinson & R.D. Brettell, comb. nov.
Liabum vagans Blake, Brittonia 2:354.1937.
Species excluded from the tribe
Liabum bolivianum Klatt, Ann. K.K. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 9:362.
1894. = Gynoxys boliviana (Klatt) Blake, Contrib. Gray
Herb. n.s. 53:28.1918.
Liabum columbianum Klatt, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 8:47.1887(1886) =
Gynoxys columbiana (Klatt) Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
28:630.1901.
Liabum eupatorioides Muschler, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 50, Beibl.
II1:83.1913. = Schistocarpha sinforosii Cuatr., Trab.
Mus. Cienc. Nat., Madrid, Ser. Bot., no. 29:43.1935. not
Schistocarpha eupatorioides Hieron. in Sod., Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 29:63. 1901 (1900).
Liabum homogamum Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 28:626. 1901. =
Neomirandea homogama (Hieron.) H. Robinson & R.D. Brettell,
n. comb. Syn. Neomirandea standleyi (B.L.Robinson))R.M.
King & H. Robinson; Eupatorium brenesii Standley, Publ.
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, Bot. Ser., 18:1461.1938.
1974 Robinson & Brettell, Studies in the Liabeae 63
Liabum lechleri Sch. Bip., Bonplandia 3:236. 1855. =
Diplostephium lechleri (Sch. Bip.) Wedd., Chlor. And.
1:204.1857.
Literature Cited
Bentham, G. 1873. Notes on the classification, history, and
geographical distributiond Compositae. Journ. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 13:335-577, pl. 8-11.
Cabrera, A.L. 1960. Notas sobre tipos de Compuestas Sudamericanas
en herbarios europeos. III, los tipos de Ruiz y Pavon.
Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 8:195-215.
Hoffmann, 0. 1894. Compositae. in Engler and Prantl, Die
Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(5) :87-391.
Robinson, H. and R.D.Brettell 1973. Tribal revisions in the
Asteraceae. III. A new tribe, Liabeae. Phytologia
25:404-407.
Robinson, H. and J. Cuatrecasas 1973. Synopsis of the genus
Philoglossa (Liabeae, Asteraceae). Phytologia 26:381-388.
Ruiz, H. and J.A. Pavon 1794. Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis
Prodromus. Madrid.
and 1798. Systema Vegetabilium Florae
Peruvianae et Chilensis. Vol. 1. Madrid.
ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS TAXIPHYLLUM
(HYPNACEAE, MUSCI)
Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
The genus Taxiphyllum has seemed rather lacking in charact-
ers and has been subject to many mistreatments during bryological
history. There has been confusion with other rather flattened
ecostate forms such as Plagiothecium and Isopterygium which are
not really closely related. Attempts to fully distinguish the
genus have usually involved the structure of the broad pseudo-
paraphyllia around the lateral buds which are distinct from the
types found in Isopterygium but which are not always present and
are not distinct from the types in many other pleurocarpous
mosses. The present concept of the genus is summarized well by
Ireland (1969) for North America. The only more recent addition
is Taxiphyllum andersonii (Bartr.) Crum.
The species of Taxiphyllum are flattened with usually
spreading lateral leaves and a vestigial double costa. In
addition, most of the species have somewhat shortened apical
cells and the leaf cells project on the upper ends abaxially.
The alar cells provide a significant lack of differentiation.
The combination of characters provides the impression of a
rather distinctive genus with broader limits than generally
recognized. Recently, specimens and descriptions have been
noted that indicate the genus Taxiphyllum should be expanded to
include an additional pair of species presently placed in the
genus Pterigynandrum.
Under Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. there is a variety
mexicanum Thér. and in the Eastern United States there is Pteri-
gynandrum sharpii Crum & Anderson. The latter species, a renaming
of the enigmatic Hylocomium splendens var. tenue Sharp, was
placed in Pterigynandrum by Crum and Anderson (1967) with admitted
reservations and at the same time the non Pterigynandrum nature of
var. mexicanum was fully recognized. Both entities lack the fully
developed quadrate alar cells of Pterigynandrum and they have more
irregular cells on the apical margins. True Pterigynandrum has
much more prominent almost bulbous papillae on the ends of its
leaf cells, often on the lower ends as well as the upper, a
feature not seen in either P. sharpii or the variety mexicanum.
The alar cell structure of Pterigynandrum filiforme is basically
different and agrees with peristome characters in relating the
genus to the Entodontaceae. The variety mexicanum and P. sharpii
have no evident relationship to that family.
A recent collection by Dana Griffin from South America has
shown the same combination of characters noted above in the
6h,
1974 Robinson, Additions to Taxiphyllum 65
disparate element of Pterigynandrum. The slight differences of
leaf shape, brevity of leaf tip and serrulation indicate only
species, not generic differences. The Griffin specimen (718;
VENEZUELA: MERIDA: Distrito Libertador: El Maciegal, cuenca de la
quebrada "La Pedregosa," afluente del rfo Chama. Bosque residual.
Plantas sobre roca en lugar semi-soleado. 1980 m) is apparently a
second collection of Taxiphyllum machrisianum Crum, originally
described from Goids in central Brazil (1957). At the time of
description Crum noted the primary anomalous feature of the
species as a Taxiphyllum, the erect-spreading rather than very
widely spreading leaves.
The proper generic placement of the above species cannot be
resolved without consideration of an additional genus, the one in
which Taxiphyllum andersonii was originally described. The genus
Glossadelphus has been broadly interpreted to include some smal]
mosses of the general Taxiphyllum type.
The genus Glossadelphus as established by Fleischer (1915-
1922)consisted of two distinct groups of species. The first
section, Colophyllum Fleisch., had species with leaf tips rounded
to slightly emarginate and leaf cells when papillose often bear-
ing papillae in series over the cell lumens. The apical cells
are very irregular with both adaxial and abaxial projections.
The papillose species of this group have much the appearance of
Hypnella in the Hookeriaceae and have the same inclination toward
counterpart species or phases differing in no way but presence or
absence of papillae. The common papillose American species of
Glossadelphus as well as at least one African species have
actually been redescribed or described as Hypnella on the basis
of non-fruiting specimens (Robinson 1965, 1967). The species
of this section form the most distinctive element of Glossadel-
phus and I propose that the common American species Hypnum
truncatulum C.MU11. be recognized as the type of the genus.
Also included in Glossadelphus by Fleischer was a second
section Anastigma (Card.) Fleisch., transferred from Taxithelium.
All the forms resembling Taxiphyllum belong in this section. The
species are rather like typical Glossadelphus in general aspect
with similar size and similar erect-spreading rather blunt leaves.
The details of the leaves, however, suggest a very different
element. Iwatsuki (1967) has pointed out that two species often
placed in this group have a single very enlarged cell at the
basal corner and belong in the genus Ectropothecium, E. zollingeri
(C.MU11.) Jaeg. and E. obtusulum (Card.) Iwats. Material seen
in this study under the name of another species of the group,
Glossadelphus prostratus (Doz. & Molk.) Fleisch., lacks the large
basal cell and is more like the American species. further
examination of this and other Eastern Hemisphere species may
confirm relationship to Taxiphyllum machrisianum. It is the
present opinion that such material must be excluded from the
66 PHY T'O-h O'Gr & Vol. 28, no. 1
genus Glossadelphus and that Crum was correct in the generic
placement of his South American species. The American species I
would place in this group of the genus Taxiphyllum include:
Taxiphyllum machrisianum Crum, Contr. Sci. Los Angeles Mus. 18:
Be 957i.
Taxiphyllum mexicanum (Thér.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Pterigynan-
drum filiforme var. mexicanum Ther., Rev. Bryol. n.ser.
Te9k" 1928.
Taxiphyllum sharpii (Crum & Anderson) H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Pterigynandrum sharpii Crum & Anderson, Bryologist 70: 99.
1967. Hylocomium splendens var. tenue Sharp, Bryologist
S622. 933.
Literature Cited
Crum, H. 1957. Botany: Musci, The Machris Brazilian expedition.
Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum
18: 1-8.
Crum, H. and L. E. Anderson 1967. The status of Hylocomium
splendens var. tenue. The Bryologist 70: 98-101.
Fleischer, M. 1915-1922. Die Musci der Flora von Buitenzorg
zugleich Laubmoosflora vondava mit Berucksichtigung aller
Familien und Gattungen der gesamten Laubmooswelt. Vol.
1-4. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Ireland, R. R. 1969. A taxonomic revision of the genus Plagio-
thecium for North America north of Mexico. National
Museum of Natural Sciences (Canada), Publications in
Botany 1: i-viii, 1-118.
Iwatsuki, Z. 1967. Bryological miscellanies. XVIII. Journal
of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 30: 105-112.
Robinson, H. 1965. Notes on Oreoweisia and Hypnella from
Latin America. The Bryologist 68: 331-334.
1967. Preliminary studies on the bryophytes of
Colombia. The Bryologist 70: 1-61.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXX. ADDITIONS
TO THE GENUS KOANOPHYLLON IN PANAMA,
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
The present paper provides some results of the
study of the genus Koanophyllon for the Flora of
Panama. The studies have shown that three of the four
species in the country require taxonomic changes or
description. One species is raised from varietal rank
where it has been associated with K. hypomalacum (B.L.
Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson of Guatemala. The
Guatemalan species differs by its distinctly puberulous
leaves and by its short partly carnose bracts in the
inflorescence. The two new species differ from their
relatives by both having densely hirsute young stems
and petioles. The two new species can be distinguished
from each other by the shape of the involucral bracts
and by the number of flowers in the heads.
Koanophyllon wetmorei (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Rob-
Inson, comb. nov. Eupatorium hypomalacum B.L.Rob-
inson var. wetmorei B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray
Herb. nis. LOS 17, 1934. Panama.
Koanophyllon panamensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae frutescentes vel subarborescentes usque
ad 6 m altae pauce vel multo ramosae. Caules super-
ficialiter parum carnosi dense evanescentiter hirsuti.
Folia opposita saepe aliquantum incrassate petiolata,
petiolis 1-3 cm longis; laminae Late vel anguste
ellipticae papyraceae vel subcoriaceae plerumque 12-
22 cm longae 5-9 cm Latae base anguste cuneatae margine
serratae vel serrulatae ad apicem anguste breviter
acuminatae supra et subtus sparse pilosae vel subglabrae
subtus sparse glandulo-punctatae, nervis secondariis
Pinnatis, nervulis dense reticulatis prominentibus.
Inflorescentiae pyramidales, ramis Late paniculatis,
pedicellis 2-5 mm longis laxe puberulis. Capitula
5-6 mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 20 subimbricate
irregulariter inaequales 2-3-seriatae Late ovatae vel
lanceolatae 3-5-striatae ad apicem argute argute
acutae, exteriores ca. 1.5 mm longae margine vix
fimbriatae, interiores usque ad 4.0 mm longae deciduae.
Flores plerumque 12-20; corollae albae ca. 3 mm longae,
67
68 PHY T OLOG Ts Vol. 28, mosis
lobis extus pauce glanduliferis. Achania 2-3 mm longa
plerumque in costis multo breviter setifera raro pauce
glandulifera base distincte angustiora, carpopodiis
parvis; setae pappi ca. 25-30 dense contiguae incrass-
atae ad apicem parum angustiores. Grana pollinis
perbreviter spinosa.
Type: PANAMA: Cocle: Vicinity of EL Valle de Anton:
ales cae GOO meters, September 7, 19395) Ph -Alien
1997 (Holotype US! Isotype MO!). Paratypes PANAMA:
Cocle: El Valle de Anton, DtArcy & DtArcy 6733, 6741
(both MO); El Valle, Dwyer 1835 (MO); between Pilon
and El Valle de Anton, /00-900 meters, Duke & Dwyer
13953 (MO); Club Compestre; ca. 700 meters; Duke WiS257
(FSU,MO). Panama: La Campana, Cerro Campana, Ebinger
933 (MO); Cerro Campana, Croat 12073, 12159 (both MO);
Gentry 1826, 5780 (both MO); Cerro Campana, ca. 3000 ft,
Dwyer & Kirkbride 7858 (MO); Cerro Campana, 2900 ft,
McDaniel 6868 (FSU); Cerro Campana, 2700-3000 ft, Duke
8643 (MO,US); SW facing slopes of Mountains near the
town of Chica, R.M.King 5335 (US).
Koanophyllon dukei R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Siac frutescentes usque ad 2 m ? altae pauce
vel multo ramosae. Caules superficialiter parum
carnosi dense evanescentiter hirsuti. Folia opposita
aliquantum anguste petiolata, petiolis 1-2 cm longis;
laminae ellipticae papyraceae 8-16 cm longae 3.3-6.3
cm latae base anguste cuneatae margine argute serratae
vel serrulatae ad apicem anguste breviter acuminatae
supra et subtus plerumque glabrae subtus sparse gland-
ulo-punctatae, nervis subtus parum puberulis, nervis
secondariis pinnatis, nervulis dense reticulatis
prominentibus. Inflorescentae pyramidales, ramis late
paniculatis, pedicellis 1-2 mm longis puberulis.
Capitula 4-5 mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 15 sub-
imbricatae inaequales 2-3-seriatae Late ovatae vel
oblongae plerumque 3-striatae ad apicem rotundatae vel
obtuse acutae, exteriores ca. 1.5 mm longae margine
breviter fimbriatae, interiores 2.5=3.0 mm longae
deciduae. Flores 8-10; corollae virid-albae 2.0-2.5
mm longae plerumque glabrae, lobis extus distincte
glanduliferis. Achaenia 1.3-2.3 mm longa superne in
costis pauce glandulifera vel setifera base angustiora,
carpopodiis parvis prominentibus; setae pappi ca. 30
dense contiquae incrassatus ad apicem parum angusti-
ores. Grana pollinis perbreviter spinosa.
197) King & Robinson, Additions to Koanophyllon 69
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: Denuded premontane rain forest
between Pinola and Quebrad Seco on Chiriquicito-
Caldera Trail, April 21, 1968, Kirkbride & Duke 1038
(Holotype MO!). Paratype PANAMA: Chiriqui: degraded
premontane rainforest and Brysoninia savanna between
Quebrada Seco nearer Caldera on Chiriquicito-Caldera
trail, Kirkbride & Duke 1008 (MO!).
The holotype specimen has involucral bracts reach-
ing only about the length of the mature achenes and
has only a few glands on the ribs of the achenes. The
paratype specimen has bracts reaching sometimes to the
middle of the corolla and has setae on the ribs of the
achene. Still, no taxonomic distinction seems just-
ified at this time.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
70 PHT OrLt0'G it A Vol. (26, ‘moses
Koanophyllon dukei R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, Missouri Botanical Garden. Photos by
Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National
Museum of Natural History.
197k King & Robinson, Additions to Koanophyllon
Koanophyllon panamensis R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
Pi Yo? 0 L0uGi A
Vol. 28, no. 1
Enlargements of heads of Koanophyllon. Top;
K. dukei., Bottom; K, panamensis.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXI.
ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS FLEISCHMANNIA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
The genus Fleischmannia has received some Limited
study in previous years but only in the last few
months has the taxonomic complexity of the group be-
come fully apparent. The following new species, new
combinations and new synonymy are provided here to be
available for cytological and floristic studies that
are in progress.
Fleischmannia allenii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
antae erectae herbaceae vel suffrutescentes
usque ad 1.5 m altae perennes pauce ramosae. Caules
virides vel fulvi teretes leniter exarti dense rubro-
puberuli. Folia opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis
1-5 em longis; Lamina late elliptica papyracea usque
ad 15 ecm Longa 9 cm lata base cuneata vel anguste
acuminata margine duplicato-crenata ad apicem acuta
vel vix acuminata supra sparse puberula subtus gland-
ulo-punctata, nervis plerumque pinnatis. Inflores-
centiae late corymboso-paniculatae, ramis dense
corymbosis, pedicellis 2-4 mm longis dense puberulis.
Capitula ca. 5 mm alta; flores 20-25; squamae involucri
ca. 28-30 subimbricatae vel imbricatae 3-4-seriatae
inaequilongae plerumque 4-costatae extus puberulae
exteriores breviter acutae margine late scariosae
interiores lineari-oblongae ad apicem plus scariosae
obtuse vel minute apiculatae; corollae ca. 3 mm longae
lavendulae extus multo setiferae; filamenta antherarum
in parte superiore ca. 250» longa; thecae 700-800 yu
longae, appendicibus ovatis ca. 15; Longioribus quam
latioribus; rami stylorum vix incrassati; achaenia
nigra lL mm longa superne et in costis sparse setifera;
setae pappi ca. 30 contiquae dense scabrae. Grana
pollinis 18-20, diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: vicinity of "New Switzerland"
central valley of Rio Chiriqui Viejo, alt. 1800-2000
meters, January 6-14, 1939, P.H.Allen 1347 (Holotype
MO!). Paratypes PANAMA: Chiriqui: Bajo Mona, mouth
of Quebrada Chiquero, along Rio Caldera, 1500-2000
meters, Woodson et al 1013 (MO); forested hill N of
Audobon Cabin, Croat 13652 (MO); vicinity Methodist
73
7h Pray TO ly 01G,t0k Vol. 28, no. 1
Camp near Nueva Swissa, Croat 13516 (MO); ca. 2 mi W
of Cerro Punta, ca. 1630 meters, McDaniel 10060 (FSU).
Fleischmannia capillipes (Benth. ex Oerst) R.M.King &
H.Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium capillipes
Benth. ex Oerst, Kjoeb Vidensk. Meddel. 79. 1852.
Eupatorium jejunum Standley & Steyermark, Field
Mauser rubs, SbOtrecsc LSS.) Lose
Fleischmannia microcephala T. Brandg. ined.
Known distribution: El Salvador: Morazan: ca. 15
km NE of San Miguel, ca. 200 meters, Tucker 439 (US);
vicinity of San Salvador, 650-850 meters, Standle
19633 (US). Guatemala: Santa Rosa, Rinconcito, 4000
Et?, Heyde & Lux 4206 (US). Mexico: Chiapas: 11 mi
SE of Tapanatepec, 2300 ft., Breedlove & Raven 13713
(NY); Sierra de Tonala, Purpus 6/791 (US); Guerrero:
Temisco, 320-600 meters, Mexia 8799 (US). Nicaragua:
Realejo, Oerst 9569 (isotype US!).
Fleischmannia chiriquensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
nov. Plantae herbaceae vel subscandentes usque
ad 3 m altae perennes pauce ramosae. Caules virides
vel leniter rubescentes teretes minute striati leniter
pilosi vel glabrescentes. Folia opposita anguste
petiolata, petiolis 1.0-2.5 cm longis; Lamina Late
ovata papyracea usque ad 6 cm longa 5 cm lata base
late cordata valde trinervata margine valde obtuse
serrato-crenata ad apicem aliquantum abrupte breviter
acuminata supra et subtus sparse pilosa subtus non
glandulo-punctata. Inflorescentiae Late corymboso-
paniculatae, ramis dense corymbosis, pedicellis 2-4 mm
longis dense puberulis. Capitula ca. 5 mm alta; flores
20-25; squamae involucri ca. 20 subimbricatae ca. 3-
seriatae inaequilongae plerumque bicostatae extus
pilosae vel sparse puberulae plerumque breviter acutae
margine late scariosae interiores lLineari~oblongae ad
apicem plus scariosae rotundatae vel minute apiculatae;
corollae ca, 3.0-3.5 mm longae lavendulae, lobis extus
multo breviter setiferis; filamenta antherarum in
parte superiore ca. 250yu longa; thecae ca. 1200u
longae, appendicibus ovatis ca. 1 1/3 longioribus quam
latioribus; rami stylorum ad apicem leniter clavati;
achaenia nigra 1.2-1.3 mm longa, costis sparse scabris
vel pauce breviter setiferis; seti pappi 27-30 contiq-
uae scabrae. Grana pollinis 18-20, diam. breviter
spinosa.
197), King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 75
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: along Boquete Trail, Cerro
Respinga, alt. ca. 2000-2500 meters. East of town of
Cerro Punta, September 11, 1972, Gentry 5928 (Holotype
MO!). Paratypes PANAMA: Chiriqui: above Cerro Punta,
6300 ft, DtArcy 5372 (MO); slope of Cerro Respinga
above town of Cerro Punta, 8400 ft, DtArcy & D'Arcy
6545 (MO).
The new species is presently known only from the
Cerro Punta area of Chiriqui Province. The species is
most closely related to F. tysonii of Vulcan Chiriqui
but also resembles supenttciabe F. plectranthifolia
Benth. of Costa Rica. The later species is readily
distinguished by the more elongate usually non-cordate
leaves having 5-7 veins prominently concentrated at
the base. The inner phyllaries of the Latter species
are also much more pointed and the achene ribs some-
times yellow.
Fleischmannia ciliolifera R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
; nov. Eupatorium cilioferum Standley & L.O.Williams,
ined. Plantae erectae herbaceae usque ad 1 m altae
perennes pauce ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes vix
striati sparse minute puberuli. Folia opposita anguste
petiolata, petiolis 0.5-3.5 cm Longis; lamina ovata
papyracea usque ad 6 cm longa 3 cm lata base rotundata
trinervata margine argute multo serrata ad apicem
anguste leniter acuminata, superficiis glabris vel sub-
glabris. Inflorescentiae paniculatae, ramis dense
corymbosis vel aliquantum subumbellatis, pedicellis
1-3 mm Longis puberulis. Capitula ca. 6 mm alta;
flores 20-25; squamae involucri ca. 20-25 subimbricatae
3-4-seriatae inaequilongae bicostatae margine aliquantum
late scariosae ad apicem plus scariosae breviter acutae
vel rotundatae saepe apiculatae extus sparse minute
puberulae vel glabrae; corollae 3.5-4.0 mm longae
lavendulae extus glabrae; filamenta antherarum in parte
superiore ca. 350u longa; thecae ca. 1.1 mm Longae,
appendicibus oblongo-ovatis vix Longioribus quam
latioribus; rami stylorum angustati; achaenia nigra
ca. 1.5 mm longa in costis setifera; carpopodia
prominentia, cellulis subquadratis vel brevioribus;
setae pappi ca. 30 vix contiguae regulariter scabrae.
Grana pollinis ca. 18y diam. breviter valde spinosa.
Type: HONDURAS: Sta. Barbara: Forested ridge south
side of Montana Sta. Barbara, alt. 2350 meters, April
7, 1951, Allen, Armour, & Shable 6134 (Holotype GH!).
76 Pony TO) tiyOs.G) ek Vol, 28, nocd
The new species is a member of the group with
totally dark achenes and is very distinct in the near-
ly glabrous leaves and the large size of the heads.
Fleischmannia croatii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae herbaceaevel suffrutescentes
usque ad 1.5 m altae perennes. Caules obscuro-virides
teretes vix striati infirme hirsuti. Folia opposita
anguste longe petiolata, petiolis usque ad 5 cm longis;
lamina ovata papyracea usque ad 7 cm longa 4.5 cm lata
base subtruncata trinervata margine multo crenato-
serrata ad apicem breviter distincte acuminata supra
Sparse breviter pilosa subtus glandulo-punctata et
plerumque in nervis longe pilosa. Inflorescentiae
late subplanate corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis 1-4
mm longis hirtellis. Capitula ca. 6 mm alta; flores
ca. 20; squamae involucri 20-25 eximbricatae ca. 3-
seriatae inaequilongae bicostatae margine anguste
scariosae ad apicem breviter acutae extus manifeste
puberulae; corollae 3.5-4.0 mm longae lavendulae,
lobis extus setiferis et pauce glanduliferis, setis
subargutis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore
350-400un longa; thecae 800-900y lLongae, appendicibus
oblongo-ovatis ca. 250, longis 150, latis; rami stylo-
rum non incrassati; achaenia nigra ca. 1 mm longa
subglabra in costis perpauce scabrida; carpopodia
prominentia, cellulis subquadratis; setae pappi 25-30
contiguae inferne dense scabrae. Grana pollinis ca.
18-20y diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: primary forest and adjacent
cut over areas; vicinity of Las Nubes; 2.7 mi NW of
Rio Chiriqui Viejo W of Cerro Punta; alt. 2200 meters,
February 27, 1973, Croat 22400 (Holotype MO?! ).
The species is most distinct in the broadly
corymbose-paniculate inflorescence and in the abrupt
compact base of the involucre.
Fleischmannia granatensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
nov. Plantae erectae herbaceae usque ad 1 m
altae perennes pauce ramosae. Caules plerumque
pubescentes teretes minute striati dense puberuli vel
pilosi. Folia opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis
0.5-2.0 cm longis; Lamina ovata papyracea usque ad 4
cm longa ca. 3 cm Lata base plerumque breviter cuneata
vel truncata valde trinervata margine crenata ad
apicem anguste breviter acuminata supra sparse
197k King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia v7
setifera subtus sparse hirsuta obscure vel prominente
glandulo-punctata in nervis subtomentosa. Inflorescent-
lae paniculatae ramis dense glomerato-corymbosis,
pedicellis 1-4 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula
ca. 5 mm alta; flores ca. 20-25; squamae involucri ca.
20 subimbricatae ca. 2-3-seriatae inaequilongae
bicostatae anguste ovatae vel Lineari-Lanceolatae
anguste acutae vel apiculatae margine distincte scar-
iosae extus sparse et distincte puberulae; corollae
ca. 3 mm lLongae lavendulae extus plerumque in lobis
setiferae; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore
250-300 Longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longa, appendicibus
oblongo-ovatis ca. 1 1/3 lLongioribus quam Latioribus;
rami stylorum angustati; achaenia nigra ca. 1.5 mm
longa plerumque in costis setifera; carpopodia
prominentia, cellulis breviter oblongis; setae pappi
27-30 contiguae dense scabrae. Grana pollinis ca. 18y
diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle: La Cumbre, alt. 1550-1700
meters, May 7-10, 1922, Pennell 5019 (Holotype US!).
Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Chigorodo; carretera
a Turbo, alt. 100-200 meters, Garcia-Barriga 17638(US );
Choco: Alto Guillermo, over Rio Arquia behind Sautata,
Premontane Forest, el. ca. 1500', Duke 15394(FSU); EL
Valle: San Antonio, alt. 6800 ft, Miller & Miller 28(US).
The species seems restricted to Lower elevations
in western Colombia. The species has sharply pointed
involucral bracts and has been previously determined as
F. pyenocephaloides (B.L.R.) K.& R., but it is distinct
By the totally black achenes, the contiguous pappus
setae and the very slender style braches. Of the assoc-
iated Colombian species, F. magdalenensis (B.L.R.) K. &
R, differs by glabrous rather succulent leaves, F.
klattiana (Hieron.) K.& R. differs by glabrous achenes
and white flowers and F. pennellii (B.L.R.) K.& R.
differs by blunt phyllaries and very broad styles.
Fleischmannia haughtii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
antae erectae herbacea usque ad 50 dm altae
perennes multo ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes vix
striati minute puberuli. Folia opposita anguste
breviter petiolata, petiolis 2-3 mm longis; Lamina
anguste elliptica membranacea 1-2 cm longa 3-5 mm
lata base anguste cuneata trinervata margine superne
pauce serrulata ad apicem anguste acuta supra perpauce
breviter pilosa subtus sparse puberula vel subglabra,
nervis puberulis. Inflorescentiae lLaxe cymosae,
pedicellis 2-12 mm Longis minute puberulis. Capitula
78 Pin X70 'L.0 GLb Vol. 28, no. 1
ca. 3.5 mm alta; flores ca. 20; squamae involucri ca.
20 eximbricatae ca. 2-seriatae inaequilongae bicost-
atae margine anguste scariosae ad apicem anguste
acutae vel apiculatae extus ad medium plerumque puber-
ulae; corollae ca. 1.5 mm longae lLavendulae vel albae,
lobis extus breviter setiferis; filamenta antherarum
in parte superiore 250, longa; thecae ca. 600, longae,
appendicibus breviter oblongis crenulatis vix longior-
ibus quam latioribus; rami stylorum non incrassati;
achaenia nigra ca. 1.2 mm longa glabra; carpopodia
prominentia cellulis subquadratis; setae pappi ca. 35-
40 vix contiguae ca. 1 mm longae inferne dense scabrae.
Grana pollinis ca. 18, diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: COLOMBIA: Choco: Cupica, altitude about 100 o,
February 10, 1947, Haught 5560 (Holotype US!).
The new species is from the same general area as
F, misera (B.L.R.) K. & R. and has a very similar
appearance with small narrowly elliptical leaves and
very narrow sharply pointed involucral bracts. The
new species is distinct by the leaves lacking gland-
ular punctations, the pappus only half to two-thirds
as long as the corolla and the glabrous achenes.
Fleischmannia imitans (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Rob-
inson, Phytologia 19: 203. 1970. Eupatorium
rivulorum B.L.Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n.se 77 -
She 1926.
Fleischmannia matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae vel subscandentes herbaceae
perennes pauce ramosae. Caules flexuosi subfulvi
teretes vix striati sparse minute puberuli vel sub-
glabri. Folia opposita peranguste petiolata, petiolis
usque ad 4 cm Llongis; Lamina anguste ovata vel lLanceo-
lata membranacea usque ad 8 cm longa 3.7 cm lata base
rotundata vel subtruncata trinervata margine multo
serrulata ad apicem caudato-acuminata, superficiis
glabris vel subglabris. Inflorescentiae delicate panic-
ulatae, ramis corymbosis, corymbis aliquantum densis
pauce capitatis, pedicellis plerumque 2-3 mm longis
subglabris. Capitula ca. 4 mm alta; flores 10-12;
Squamae involucri ca. 15 subimbricatae 2-3-seriatae,
inaequilongae bicostatae glabrae margine distincte
scariosae exteriores ovatae breviter acuta, interiores
oblongae apice rotundatae vel apiculatae; corollae
ca. 1.5 mm longae plerumque albae? extus glabrae;
197k King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 79
filamenta antherum in parte superiore ca. 200y longa;
thecae ca. 700-800 longae, appendicibus quadrato-
ovatis parum latioribus quam longioribus; rami stylorum
ad apicem parum clavati; achaenia ca, 1.0-1.3 mm longa
multo setifera in costis persistentiter flava; carpo-
podia brevia, cellulis quadratis vel brevioribus; setae
pappi ca. 20 distincte parum non contiguae angustatae
regulariter minute scabrae. Grana pollinis ca. 18p
diam. breviter spinosa,
Type: MEXICO: Chiapas: Sta. Rita, Mapastepec, Enero
1938, Matuda 2019 (Holotype US! Isotype US!).
The new species is distinct in the Lax habit and
the small number of flowers and involucral bracts in
the head. The Costa Rican F. valeriana (Standley)
K. & R. has also been described with ca. 10 flowers
per head but the type specimens prove to be indisting-
uishable from F. hymenophylla (Klatt) K. & R. which
has ca. 20 flowers per head and glandular punctations
on the under surface of the leaves.
Fleischmannia monagasensis (Badillo) R.M.King & H.Rob-
Inson, comb, nov. Eupatorium monagasense Badillo,
Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. : 3 46.
Venezuela,
Fleischmannia nix R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
upatorium nix Standley & L.O.Williams, ined.
Plantae erectae vel decumbentes herbaceae usque ad 1 m
altae perennes pauce ramosae. Caules flavo-virides
vel rubescentes teretes minute striati puberuli vel
pilosi. Folia opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis
0.5-1.0 cm longis; lamina ovata papyracea 1.5-2.5 cm
longa 1.0-2.0 cm lata base truncata valde trinervata
margine multo crenata apice argute acuta vel vix
acuminata supra et subtus plerumque dense hirsuta
subtus glandulifera, Inflorescentiae laxe paniculatae,
ramis remotis, corymbis aliquantum densis pauci-capit-
atis, pedicellis 1-3 mm longis puberulis, bracteis
subinvolucratis paucis. Capitula ca. 4 mm alta;
flores ca. 20-25; squamae involucri ca. 18-20 sub-
imbricatae 2-3-seriatae inaequilongae bicostatae
margine aliquantum Late scariosae extus parce vel dense
pilosae, exteriores ovatae apice anguste acutae vel
aristatae; interiores anguste oblongae apice plus
Scariosae vix vel distincte apiculatae; corollae 2.0-
2.5 mm Longae plerumque albae extus non setiferae,
80 PHY TO; LOGE A Vol. 28, now:
lobis extus pauce glanduliferis; filamenta antherarum
in parte superiore ca. 200, longa; thecae ca. 600u
longae, appendicibus oblongo-ovatis vix lLongioribus
quam Latioribus; rami stylorum ad apicem latiores;
achaenia ca. 1.3-1.5 mm longa superne et in costis
setifera in costis persistentiter flava; carpopodia
prominentia, cellulis quadratis vel brevioribus; setae
pappi ca. 20-25 vix contiguae vel distincte non contig-
Uae per angustatae scabrae base scabriores. Grana
pollinis ca. 18yu diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: HONDURAS: El Paraiso: near Manzaragua, alt.
1400 meters, February 7, 1956, L.O.Williams & Molina
19020 (Holotype US!). Paratypes: HONDURAS: El Paraiso:
Cuesta Galeras road to Guinope, 1400 meters, Molina
25911 (US); Guinope, 1400 meters, Williams & Molina
[I515 (US); 5 km W of Guinope, near Manzaragua, Williams
& Molina 23256 (US). Morazan: between Montana Uyuca
and La Montanita, 1500 meters, Williams et al 23238
(US). Comayagua: vicinity of Siguatepeque, Standley
3598922) 560077) 56531 Gallwus):
The species seems endemic to Honduras and is
superficially similar to many other species of the
area some of which remain undescribed at this time.
The new species has a lax habit similar to F. viscidipes
(BelAR kere Re and iF. ‘multinervis (Benth ikem
both of Guatemala. The former is clearly distinct in
the totally dark achenes and the more scabrous more
contiguous pappus setae. The more closely related
F., multinervis is distinct by the leaves Lacking glands
Below, by the longer nearly glabrous pedicels and by
the even thiner less scabrous bases on the pappus setae.
The material of the new specie shows variation in the
form of the glands on the leaves. The specimens from
Siguatepeque have smaller distinctly stipitate glands
while the glands on the other specimens are essentially
sessile.
Fleischmannia panamensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
nov. Plantae erectae grosse herbaceae usque ad
2 m altae perennes pauce ramosae. Caules plerumque
fulvi teretes minute striati glabrescentes vel dense
puberuli. Folia opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis
1.0-3.5 cm longis; lamina late rhomboidi-ovata papy-
Yracea usque ad 8 cm longa 6.5 cm lata base Late
cuneata valde trinervata margine leniter vel valde
crenata ad apicem late acuta supra sparse grosse seti-
fera subtus glandulo-punctata in nervis puberula.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae, ramis dense
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 81
corymbosis, pedicellis 1-4 mm longis puberulis.
Capitula ca. 5 mm alta; flores ca. 15-20; squamae
involucri ca. 18-20 subimbricatae ca. 2-3-seriatae
inaequilongae bicostatae breviter acutae margine
anguste scariosae extus glabrae vel minute sparse pub-
erulae interiores ad apicem plus scariosae plus rotund-
atae vel mucronatae; corollae ca. 3 mm longae lLavend-
ulae, lobis extus non setiferis; filamenta antherarum
in parte superiore ca. 300, longa; thecae ca. 750
longae, appendicibus oblongo- ovatis ca. 1 1/3 longi-
oribus quam latioribus ; rami stylorum aliquantum
incrassati; achaenia nigra ca. 1.5 mm longa superne
et in costis sparse setifera; seti pappi 20-22 vix
contiguae scabrae. Grana pollinis 18-20, diam. breviter
spinosa.
Type: PANAMA: Cocle: in cloud forest near La Mesa,
February 11, 1971, Croat 13354 (Holotype MO!).
Paratypes: PANAMA: Cocle: La Mesa above El Valle, 900
meters, Liesner 749 (MO); Panama: Cerro Campana, ca.
75 meters, Kennedy et al 2063 (MO), Cerro Campana,
Lazor 3322 (FSU ,MO), Porter e et al 4254 (MO), Busey 859
(MO); Cerro Pilon: 900-1173 meters, ei aldesner (39 MO).
The plants are very coarse large leaved herbs
apparently endemic to Central Panama. The species
most resembles a large F. microstemon, but is more
closely related to the widely distrib uted F. pratensis.
The new species is distinct by its narrow nearly
glabrous outer involucral bracts with only narrow
scarious margines, by the corolla lobes Lacking hairs
and by the somewhat thicker style branches.
Fleischmannia purpusii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
antae erectae herbaceae usque ad 50 dm altae
perennes multo ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes vix
striati sparse minute puberuli vel subglabri. Folia
opposita peranguste petiolata, petiolis 0.5-2.2 cm
longis; Lamina anguste ovata vel lanceolata membran-
acea vel tenuiter papyracea 2.2-4.5 cm longa 0.9-2.0
em lata base breviter cuneata trinervata margine multo
serrata vel serrulata ad apicem anguste acuminata
supra sparse pilosa subtus sparse puberula vel sub-
glabra, nervis pilosis. Inflorescentiae laxe cymosae,
pedicellis 7-33 mm longis sparse puberulis. Capitula
ca. 5 mm alta; flores ca. 20; squamae involucri ca. 20
subimbricatae 2-3-seriatae inaequilongae bicostatae
margine anguste scariosae extus glabrae, exteriores
lanceolatae argute acutae, interiores anguste oblongae
breviter acutae; corollae ca. 2.5 mm Longae lavendulae,
82 Pn TO) bOrGe ba Vol. 28, udeuE
lobis extus pauce setiferis; filamenta antherum in
parte superiore 250-300, longa; thecae ca. 700, longae,
appendicibus subquadratis vix lLatioribus quam longior-
ibus; rami stylorum aliquantum incrassati; achaenia
ca. 1.5 mm longa superne et in costis dense breviter
setifera in costis late persistentiter flava; carpo-
podia prominentia, cellulis subquadratis; setae pappi
ca. 25 vix contiguae angustatae inferne dense scabrae.
Grana pollinis ca. 18y diam. breviter valde spinosa.
Type: MEXICO: Veracruz: Zacuapan, August 1906, Purpus
1868 (Holotype US!).
The new species is one of many showing narrowly
acute involucral bracts with very narrow scarious
margins and a lax rather cymose inflorescence. Two
related Mexican species, F. trinervia (Sch.-Bip.) K. &
R. and F. holwayana (B.LIR.) Ki & Ra, differ by their
very short acute rather than acuminate leaves. The
latter species also differs by the presence of prom-
inent glandular punctations on the lower surface. The
new species is somewhat similar to F. imitans (B.L.R.)
K. & R. of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicar-
agua. This last species is distinct in the great
number of flowers per head, 30-60, and has leaves and
pedicels usually densely stipitate glandular. The new
species seems particularly distinct in the usually wide
and pubescent pale ribs of the achene.
Fleischmannia sonorae (A.Gray) R.M.King & H.Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium sonorae A.Gray, Pl. Wright
2: 74. 1853. Mexico, Arizona.
Fleischmannia tysonii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
lantae erectae suffrutescentes usque ad 2 m altae
perennes pauce ramosae. Caules virides vel fulvi
teretes minute striati dense hirtelli. Folia opposita
anguste petiolata, petiolis 1.0-2.5 cm longis; Lamina
late ovata papyracea usque ad 9 cm longa 7 cm Lata
base late rotundata vel cordata valde trinervata
margine obtuse serrato-crenata vel duplicato serrato-
crenata ad apicem acuta vel vix acuminata supra pilosa
subtus dense pilosa non glandulo-punctata in nervis
tomentosa. Inflorescentiae late corymboso-paniculatae,
ramis dense corymbosis, pedicellis 2-4 mm longis
hirtellis. Capitula 5-6 mm alta; flores 20-25; squamae
Involucri ca. 20 subimbricatae ca. 3-4-seriatae
inaequilongae bicostatae plerumque breviter acutae vel
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 83
minute mucronatae margine Late saepe prominentiter
scariosae extus pilosae vel puberulae interiores ad
apicem plus rotundatae plus scariosae minute fimbriatae;
corollae ca. 3 mm Longae lLavendulae, lobis extus pauce
vel multo breviter setiferis; filamenta antherarum in
parte superiore ca. 250y Longa; thecae ca. 900y longae,
appendicibus oblongo-ovatis ca. 1 1/3 Longioribus quam
Llatioribus; rami stylorum ad apicem leniter clavati;
achaenia nigra 1.2-1.5 mm longa, costis dense setiferis;
setae pappi 22-25 non contiguae dense scabrae. Grana
pollinis 18-20 diam. breviter spinosa.
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: West slope of El Baru between
8000-9000 ft elevation, March 27, 1970, Tyson & Loftin
6116 (Holotype US!). Paratypes: PANAMA: Chiriqui: W
slopes of El Baru between 8000-9000 ft, Tyson & Loftin
6117 (FSU,MO); W slope of El Baru between 7000-8000 ft,
Tyson & Loftin 5982 (FSU); 8 mi NE of El Volcan, 8100-
BhOO ft , Tyson 843 (FSU,MO).
The new species is apparently endemic to the
Volcan Chiriqui. Closest relationship is to F.
chiriquensis from the nearby Cerro Punta area. The
present species is distinct by the shrubby rather than
subscandent habit, by the densely pubescent leaves,
by the non-contiguous pappus setae and by the prominent-
ly setiferous ribs of the achene.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
8h
Py TO L0G 1A Vol. 28, no. 1
Fleischmannia allenii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, Missouri Botanical Garden.
197) King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischnannia 85
Fleischmannia chiriguensis R.M.King & H.Robinson
Holotype, Missouri Botanical Garden. Photos by
Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National
Museum of Natural History.
86 Pinoy TO LrOvGsr a Vol. 28, mes
HONDURAS
Fleischmannia ciliolifera R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, Gray Herbarium.
197) King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 87
Fleischmannia croatii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, Missouri Botanical Garden.
88 Peart © LOtcerek Vol. 28, no. 1
Fleischmannia granatensis R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
1974
King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 89
Fleischmannia haughtii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
90 Pan YotO) LOG chk Vol. 28, no. 1
Enlargements of heads of Fleischmannia. Top left;
F. allenii. Top right; F. chiriquensis. Middle left;
F. ciliolifera. Middle right; F. croatii. Bottom left;
F. granatensis. Bottom right; F. haughtii.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 91
FLORA MEXICANA
M *
Bupatorium
NITEO STATES NAT L MUSEUM
Fleischmannia matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype United States National Herbarium.
92
Pely (TAO LyOlGrL yA Vol. 28, no. 1
HONDURAS
niihle Agsiooie: Rieanientiies
Fleischmannia nix R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 93
Fleischmannia panamensis R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, Missouri Botanical Garden.
94
Py HCY (TO. LeOlG, Ts Vol. 28, no. 1
j \ y \ oe
|4 } \ , —
wer H af \
4
i?
a» ~. fl / \
et ye UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
5 x) &
* f ton
Cease Or nrannn. awet annetsens Thott
f
/ ? a pmes
» *® ybe
Fleischmannia purpusii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Fleischmannia 95
5 SH7S6
Fleischmannia tysonii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United States National Herbarium,
PiHexe TeOrLsOl Geir A Vol, 28, no. 1
Enlargements of heads of Fleischmannia. Top
left; bis matudae- lop x ciighii. Pmnloc. Middle left;
F. panamensis. Middle right; F. purpusii. Bottom
Left bencysonii.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXII.
A NEW GENUS, SARTORINA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
In the years since the revision in the genus
concept of Fleischmannia that genus has seemed to hold
a rather isolated position in the tribe Eupatorieae.
The cellular structure of the corolla and the very
narrow very annulated collars of the anthers have
always seemed completely unique even though some other
characters have tended to imply a simple Gyptoid
relationship for the genus. Now, material of a related
previously undescribed genus having both the corolla
and collar features of Fleischmannia shows other very
distinctive features that seem to confirm the isolated
position of both genera.
The material of the new genus is from the part
of the Schultz-Bipontinus Herbarium in the Paris Museum
and had already been named as an undescribed genus and
species Sartoria eupatorioides by Schultz. The Schultz
genus was never published, and in any case the name
Sartoria was already preoccupied by a genus in the
Leguminosae from the Middle East. The Paris material
is obviously a duplicate specimen with part of an
inflorescence and one lower leaf from an original that
Must have been destroyed at Berlin. The Paris duplicate
is Labelled from the Herb. E. Cosson, 18 and bears
many notes that must have represented Schultz's
observations including one of the most distinctive
features of the genus:"nov. Eupat. genus ob ach &
pappus connata" "Sartoria n. g., ach. teretia (non
striate) oblonga glabra albida apice in cupulam brevem
spongiosam expansa e qua pappas oritur 1 ser pilosa”
"cap. 22 flora, rec. plana."' A date is given "11/5/54"
and a figure "24" which may refer to the height of
the plant. The writing may be misinterpreted in a
few parts.
One of the primary distinctions of the genus as
noted by Schultz is the terete achene with a spongiose
upper callus. Actually the achene is very different
from that of Fleischmannia in many features including
its small size, its more tapering base with poorly
differentiated carpopodium, and its walls consisting
almost entirely of enlarged thin-walled hyalin cells
with only narrow vascular strands and no angles. The
a7
98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 1
other distinctive features not seen by Schultz involve
the style. The base of the style is enlarged in the
one fully mature style examined, unlike any species of
Fleischmannia. The shafts of all styles seen are
unique among the Asteraceae by bearing scattered non-
glandular hairs and long-stalked glands. The stylar
appendage of the new genus has papillae smaller and
not crowded together as in most species of Fleischmannia.
Unfortunately, among all the notes on the Paris
specimen there is none giving any collection data even
the country of origin. The relationship of the plant
does not allow one to pinpoint the locality closer than
Tropical America. The only probable clue on the
specimen to the place of origin seems to be the name
given to the plant by Schultz. It seems likely that
"Sartoria'"' was intended to honor Carlos Sartorius
1796-1872 who lived at Mirador in Veracruz, Mexico
for most of his Life following 1820. Hopefully the
new genus can be rediscovered and further analysed.
Sartorina schultzii R.M.King & H.Robinson, gen.
et sp. nov. Asteracearum (Eupatorieae). Plantae erectae
vel procumbentes herbaceae ca. 1m ? altae. Caules
fulvi tereti vel subquadrangulares dense minute puber-
uli. Folia opposita anguste longe petiolata,
petiolis 5-20 mm Longis ; Lamina Late ovata vel deltoidea
base truncata distincte trinervata ad apicem breviter
acuta margine crenulata vel obtuse-serrulata supra
dense minute puberula subtus breviter dense pilosa
subcanescens, Lamina inferiora ca. 3 cm longa et lata,
lamina superiora 1-2 cm longa 0.7-1.5 cm Lata. Inflores-
centia subpaniculata, ramis subcorymbosis, pedicellis
angustis 2-12 mm longis dense minute puberulis. Capit-
ula ca. 3.0-3.5 mm alta; flores ca. 15-22; squamae
involucri ca. 20 subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae inaequi-
longae bicostatae margine late scariosae, exteriores
ovatae ca. 1 mm longae ad apicem breviter acutae extus
puberulae, interiores oblongae usque ad 2.5 mm longae
ad apicem rotundatae vel breviter apiculatae extus
subglabrae; receptacula plana glabra; corollae anguste
infundibulares ca. 2.5 mm longae inferne glabrae, lobis
extus glanduliferis extus et intus papillosis, papillis
in partibus superioribus cellularum, cellulis plerumque
elongatis, parietibus sinuosis; filamenta in parte
superiore ca. 200, longa perangustata, cellulis elong-
atis, parietibus valde transverse annulatis; cellulae
exotheciales subquadratae; appendices antherarum
breviter oblongae ca. 150, longae ca. 110, Latae; siya
inferne subnodulosi Siepe scapis sparse piliferis et
glanduliferis, ramis sublinearibus superne minute
papillosis subclavatis complanatus; achaenia ca. 1 mm
197 King & Robinson, Genus Sartorina 99
longa teretia glabra, cellulis exterioribus laxis,
parietibus tenuibus; carpopodia indistincta; pappus
setiferus uniseriatus, setis ca. 15 non vel fere
contiguis tenuis ca. 2 mm longis scabrellis, cellulis
apicibus argute acutis. Grana pollinis ca. 18, diam.
breviter spinosa.
Type: MEXICO? Sartorius? ex herbarium Schultz-Bipont-
inus under the name Sartoria eupatorioides (Holotype
sue
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
Vol. 28, no. 1
Peet) Oly O Gas
100
Sartorina schultzii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype and enlargements of heads, Paris Herbarium,
Staff Photographer,
Photos by Victor E. Krantz,
National Museum of Natural History.
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS - LXVI
Harold N. Moldenke
DURANTA SERRATIFOLIA var. VARIEGATA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum margini-~
bus albo-maculatis vel albo-vittatis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its Leaf-blades white-margined or irregulariy white-
blotched.
The type of the variety was collected by Mohamed El Mahdi (no.
62) in outdoor cultivation in the Barrage Medicinal Garden north
of Cairo, Egypt, on January 22, 1968, and is deposited in the
herbarium of Cairo University at Gizah.
ERIOCAULON COLLINUM var. NANUM Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit planta nana, pedun-
culis floriferis 2—12 cm. longis, foliis temissimis membranceis
levissimis 1—) cm. longis saepe ad apicem subflaccidis subfili-
formibusque 0.5—-1.5 mm. latis ad basin perspicue fenestratis
glabris.
The type of this variety was collected by J. M. Silva ona
river bank on the Horton Plains, Nuwara Eliya District, Central
Province, Sri Lanka, on March 20, 1911, and is deposited in the
herbarium of the Sri Lanka Botanical Garden at Peradeniya.
ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE f. VIVIPARUM Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei capitulis saepe viviparis
recedit,.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in
having its flowering-heads more or less viviparous.
The type of the form was collected by Henry Trimen at Henerat—
goda, Colombo District, Western Province, Sri Lanka, in May of
1896 and is deposited in the herbarium of the Sri Lanka Botanical
Garden at Peradeniya.
ERIOCAULON SETACEUM var. CAPILLUS-NAIADIS (Hook. f.) Moldenke,
stat. nov.
Eriocaulon capillus-naiadis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 572 &
769. 1893.
PREMNA ALSTONI Moldenke, nom. nov.
"Premna corymbosa Rottl." apud Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 351.
1895 (not P. corymbosa Rottl. & Willd., Gesel. Naturforsch.
Freund. Neue Schr. 4: 187-188. 1803).
PREMNA RESINOSA f. GROSSEDENTATA Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum marginibus
grosse dentatis recedit.
101
102 PHY TO:L0'G 2A Vol. 28, no. 1
This form differs from the typical form of the species in
having the margins of its leaf-blades coarsely dentate.
The type of the form was collected by M. Kassas somewhere in
the Sudan on January 10, 1956, and is deposited in the herbarium
of Cairo University at Gizah.
PREMNA THWAITESII f. GLABRESCENS Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorm utrinque
glaberrimis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav-
ing its leaf-blades completely glabrous on both surfaces.
The type of the form was collected in September of 1893 by an
unknown collector at Eluwana Kande, Lagalla, Matale District,
Central Province, Sri Lanka, and is deposited in the herbarium of
the Sri Lanka Botanical Garden at Peradeniya.
STACHYTARPHETA DICHOTOMA f. ALBIFLORA (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb.
nove
Stachytarpheta australis f. albiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 3:
63. 1949.
STACHYTARPHETA DICHOTOMA var. NEOCALEDONICA (Moldenke) Moldenke,
comb. nov.
Stachytarpheta australis var. neocaledonica Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia Be WI ic 199.
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
"A DICTIONARY OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS" by J. C. Willis,
Eighth Egition, revised by H. K. Airy Shaw, xdi & 12)\5 &
lxvi pp. Cambridge University Press, London MW1 2DB & New
Vor N. YW. 200226. 2916 -S52e50.
Taxonomic and systematic botanists the world over have appre-
ciated this tremendously valuable book since 1897 when the first
edition appeared. They will be glad that this even more detailed
work is now available since it includes new taxa, newly resurrec-
ted taxa, a key to angiosperm families and a concordance of
family equivalents as taken from (1) this new-flavored "Diction-
ary", (2) the twelfth edition of Engler's "Syllabus" by Melchior
and (3) the "Genera Plantarum" of Bentham & Hooker. Now if only
the many highly competent other type botanists and biologists to
whom plants or plant names are only incidental to their main
studies would use this and other pertinent taxonomic literature,
much nomenclatural confusion could be avoided!
One would not expect that reading a book like this could evoke
1974 Moldenke, Book reviews 103
an automatic smile, but for an example see "Actinotimus Oliv.
Imaginary genus, founded through the trick of a native Chinese
collector who had carefully inserted an infl. of Viburnum into
the terminal bud of an Aesculus!"
"ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ENZYMES: Principles and Methods" Volume I
edited by KM. A. Hayat, xv & 20) pp., illus., Van Nostrand
Reinhold Company, Cincinnati, Toronto, London, Melbourne,
and New York, N. Y. 10001. 1973. $16.95.
"The primary objective of this book is to provide the reader
with a detailed description of the methodology employed to local-
ize enzymatic activity at the subcellular level....
"The topics were carefully selected and written by competent
investigators from several countries who have pioneered in their
respective fields.....and are likely to be in the vanguard of im-
provements to come....
"The reader should find this book an excellent reference, for
it summarizes the major procedures which have evolved within the
past two decades. An exhaustive list of references with complete
titles is provided for each chapter, as are full author and sub—
ject indices."
These claims in the Preface are all true and therefore this
volume should prove useful to many scientists and students in
electron microscopy, enzymology, and those biological and medical
fields dependent upon this type of study. The chapters include
specimen preparation with emphasis on fixation with aldehydes,
phosphatases, glyco- and glucosidases, transaminases, myrosinase
associated with the characteristic taste amd odor in cruciferous
plants and enzyme immunocytochemistry employing the specificity
of antibodies for the detection of cell components bearing
antigenic determinants.
"PRINCTPLES OF DISPERSAL IN HIGHER PLANTS" Second edition by
Leendert van der Pijl, xi & 162 pp., illus., Springer-
Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, and New York, N. Y. 10010.
1972. $12.60.
Those assorted botanists, biologists, ecologists, etc., famil-
iar with the 1969 edition of this wonderful little book will be
eager to see what has been added or changed in this new edition
which also makes fascinating reading supplemented with excellent
and unusual illustrations.
The best use of this book and its earlier companion volume on
"Principles of Pollination Ecology" by K. Faegri and this author
is putting them in the hands (really the minds) of those who
teach the various introductory courses. These two books offer
fascinating and easily comprehensible material and ideas: they
are too good to reserve for only advanced students.
Unfortunately, the accepted spellings for the generic names
10), PH YelvOrL -Qnait - Vol. 28, now dL
Clerodendrum and Petrea are not herein used. The words "man" and
"is" are misspelled on pages xi and 97 respectively.
"CHROMOSOME BOTANY — and the Origins of Cultivated Plants", Third
(Revised) Edition by C. D. Darlington, xvii & 237 pp., il-
lus., Hafner Press, New York, N. Y. 10022. 1973. $12.95.
The previous editions of 1956 and 1963, and even more so this
one, effectively stress "that civilization has always been the
work of men who grew grain crops and lived on them. Since we
also know (partly by their chromosomes) what wild grains they
first grew we also know where to find the origins and how to
trace the movements of civilization." Then this well qualified
author traces the genetic stories of our major agricultural and
horticultural crops, but this follows a very careful treatment of
the major chromosomal and intrachromosomal processes and aberra-
tions and their effects upon dividing and fusing cells. "The
breakage of a chromosome is often the first visible step in the
breakage of a species."
The bibliography is arranged by chapter topics and has had
pertinent new items added to it. Appendix I lists the earliest
use in English of names for cultivated plants. Appendix II by
E. B. Ford considers similar evolutionary processes in animals.
There is a helpful modern table listing the "regions of origin
of crop plants (after Vavilov, revised in the light of work by
Baker, Barrau, Burkill, Collins, Helbaek, Hutchinson, Kuptsov,
Rick, Salaman, Simmonds, Whitaker, Zohary and others)",
So many valuable facts and their interpretations are presented
effectively in this small, yet very useful, book that no genetics
course should bypass it.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XIX
Harold N, Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliography: Blewitt, Fl. Waterbury
105, 1926; Clute, Am. Botanist 33: 112~-11). 1927; Tischler,
Tabul. Biol. : 2 & 43. 1927; Gough, Gard. Book Malaya 218.
1928; Anon., Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1929, App. 3: 108. 1929; Wan-
gerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 55 [520]. 1929; Besant,
Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 88: 133, fig. 47. 1930; T. H. Everett, Gard.
Chron., ser. 3, 87: lsh. 1930; Herter, Florul. Urug. 105--106 &
frontisp. 1930; Grieve & Leyel, Modern Herb., pr. 1, 2: 486, 830—
832, & 887. 1931; Vansell, Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 517,
pr. 1, 52. 1931; M. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 1, 231—
232. 1931; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1076
[1058]. 1932; Krausel in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 643 (35).
1932; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1, 677-679 & 967, fig.
479. 1932; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5 (1): 1170 & 171
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 105
[366 & 367] (1932) and 52 (1): 482 [11]. 1933; Fedde in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 382 (1933), 52 (1): 825 (193k), and 54
(2): 7h7. 1934; Jex-Blake, Gard. East Afr., ed. 1, 78 & 266.
193; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 55 (1): 83 & 835 (1935),
56 (1): 668 & 669 (1936), 57 (1): 696 (1937), and 58 (1): 8h5.
1938; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 909. 1938; Gathorne-
Hardy, Wild Fls. Brit. 22 & 120. 1938; Fedde & Sclmst. in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 02 (1938), 58 (2): 329 (1938), and 59
(2): 17. 1939; A. H. Evans, Fl. Cambridg. 129. 1939; Fedde in
Just, Bot. Jahresber. 58 (2): 668. 1939; Jex-Blake, Gard. East
Afr., ed. 2, 87, 286, 301, & 332. 1939; Oertel, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Circ. 55h: 19, 21, 22, 2h, 27, 33—35, & h9. 1939; R. E. Clark-
son, Green Enchantment 269 & 328. 1940; Furusato, Bot. & Zool.
Theoret. & Appl. Tokyo [Syokubutu Oyobi Dobuti] 8: [1303]—1311
[8 (8): 397], fig. 3. 1940; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot.
Jahresber. 59 (2): 670 (1940) and 60 (2): 573 & 575. 191; Bis-
was, Indian Forest Rec., ser. 2, Bot. 3: 42. 191; Wangerin &
Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (1): [371], [372], 704, 753,
7h, & 823. 19hl; M.G. Palmer, Fauna & Fl, Iifracomb. Dist. 212.
1946; Hara, Enum, Sperm. Jap., pr. 1, 1: 190. 1948; Higgins, Oc-
cas. Pap. San Diego Soc, Nat. Hist. 8: 121. 1949; E.G. Lépez,
Recours. Med. Biol. 262. 1949; Parsa, Fl. Iran (1): 532, 537,
& 538, fig. 253. 199; Rambo, An. Bot. Herb. Barb. Rodr. 1: 123,
125, & 126. 19,9; Batalla & Masclans, Collect. Bot. 2: 394. 1950;
Faegri & Iversen, Text-book Mod. Pollen Analys., ed. 1, 117 & 168.
1950; Jex-Blake, Gard. East Afr., ed. 3, 77, lh, & 336. 1950;
Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. li2 [typescript].
1951; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 1, 41) & 499.
1951; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 49 & 538, fig.
256 A. 1952; Goossens, Suid-Afrik, Blompl. 185 & 188. 1953; W. A.
Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed. 1, 156—157 & 232. 1953;
Angely, Taxon 4: 120. 1955; Bolés & Masclans, Collect. Bot. :
432. 1955; L. J. Bradley, Ferns & Flow. Pl. Audub. Center 17, 67,
& 100. 1955; Evers, Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Full. 26: 392, 100,
21, & 436. 1955; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Ce. 122—-123. 1955; Ikuse,
Pollen Grains Jap. 128. 1956; C. E. Phillips, Weeds Northeast 32,
34, & 80. 1956; Natarajan, pyton 8: 2h, 25, & 35. 1957; RoC.
Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 170—171. 1958; Wherry, Horti-
culture 36: 279. 1958; Bullock, Taxon 7: 2, 3h, & 163 (1958) and
8: 20h. 1959; Grieve & Leyel, Modern Herb., pr. 2, 2: 830--832 &
887. 1959; Cain, Man. Veg. Anal., pr. 1, 229. 1959; Braga, Pl.
Nordest., ed. 2, 476. 1960; Martin & Noel, Fl. Albany & Bathhurst
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219, & 22). 1961; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 2,
hi, & 499. 1961; P. Fournier, Quat. Fl. France 806 & 807, fig.
3352 & 3353. 1961; W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed.
2, 156—157 & 232. 1961; Eiteb in Ferré, Simpos. S8bre Cerrado
190, 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: [1]—
5 & 8, pl. 1, fig. 1, & text fig. 1--5. 1962; Erdtman, Berglund,
& Praglowski, Introd. Scand. Pollen Fl. 2: 49 & 89. 1963; Four
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Exotica 3: 1482, 1483, & 1733. 1963; Faegri & Iversen, Text-book
106 POH OY Th0°L,O1G: 5 A Vol. 28, no. 1
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Blackwell, Pl. N. Zeal., ed. 7, 371, 373, 375, 377, & 381. 196h;
Malik, Rehman, & Ahmad, Palist. Journ. Sci. Industr. Res. 7: 13
& 136, pl. h, fig. 31. 1964; Perring, Sell, & Walters, Fl. Cam-
bridg. 179. 1964; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, )h9,
fig. 256 A. 1966; Faegri & Iversen, Text-book Mod. Pollen Analys.,
ed. 2, pr. 2, 193 & 228. 1966; Grieve & Leyel, Modern Herb., pr.
2, 2: 486, 830--832, & 887. 1967; Kaden & Kirpicznikov, Taxon
16: 182. 1967; W. A. Weber, Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 1, 305--306 & 437.
1967; Badhwar & Fernandez, Edible Wild Pl. Himal. 283. 1968; Deb,
Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 22: 199. 1968; Pase &
Johnson, U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper RM.1: 18. 1968; Solbrig
in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 82, 86-—-89, 92, & 308. 1968; Vigo,
Collect. Bot. 7: 1180. 1968; Betz & Cole, Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci.
62: 48. 1969; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11:
199. 1969; Dhillon & Bajwa, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11: 21. 1969;
Misra, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11: 327. 1969; Raju, Bull. Bot. Soc.
Bengal 23: 70. 1969; Singh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India ll: 16. 1969;
N. P. Singh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India ll: 357. 1969; Sanchez Sanchez,
Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 325 & 327--329, fig. 262-A, B, & C & 263-A,
B, C, & D. 1969; Stuckey & Wentz, Ohio Journ. Sci. 69: 237. 1969;
M. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 2, 231--232. 1969; D'Arcy,
Taxon 19: 556. 1970; Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 96 &
97. 1970; Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 3: 111. 1970; Ehrendorfer,
Taxon 19: 599. 1970; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 56, 453,
459, 463, 46h, b69, 471, 473, 475, 477, 479, 480, 483, & 485, fig.
1, 7, & 30. 1970; Misra, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 136. 1970;
Saxena, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 56. 1970; Solbrig, Princ. &
Meth. Biosystemat. ll, 75--76, 107, 112, 145, 18--150, 156--158,
& 218, fig. 3-8, 5-1, 9-5, & 9-6. 1970; Willaman & Li, Lloydia
33, Suppl. 3a: 220. 1970; Abayyes, Claustres, Corillion, & Dupont,
Fl. & Veg. Massif Armoric. 1: 662. 1971; Agarwal, Journ. Indian
Bot. Soc. 50: 37)-—376. 197ljAngely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S.
Paulo, ed. 1, 825, 826, 836--3)0, & xix, maps 1391—1395. 1971;
Anon. [Morris Co. Park Comm.], Fl. & Fauna Great Swamp, ed. 1, 12.
1971; Balgooy, Blumea Suppl. 6: [Pl. Geogr. Pacif.] 115, 200, &
222. 1971; C. C. Black in Cragg [ed.], Advances Ecol. Res. 7: 108.
1971; Bostick, Castanea 36: 206. 1971; Cain, Man. Veg. Anal., pr.
2, 229. 1971; R. C. Clark, Amn. Mo. Bot. Gard. 58: 232 & 233.
1971; Eilers, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 21: 60--51 & 123. 1971;
S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 3, 2: 96--101 & 72--73. 1971; Ellis, Wof-
ford, & Chester, Castanea 36: 242. 1971; Ferrarini, Giorn. Bot.
Ital. 105: 259. 1971; Hartwell, Lloydia 3): 387. 1971; Heusser
Pollen & Spores Chile 61--62, 7h, 78, 79, 82, 83, & 167, pl. 58,
fig. 667 & 668. 1971; Hultén, Atlas Vaxt. Utbred. Nord. 379, map
1474. 1971; Inouye in Wagner & Hérhammer, Pharmacog. & Phytochem.
291 & 298. 1971; Khattab & El-Hadidi, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. h:
93. 1971; Lousley, Fl. Isls. Scilly 230. 1971; Love, Taxon 20:
353. 1971; Menghini, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 105: 333. 1971; hioldenke,
Excerpt. Bot. A.18: 445. 1971; Polunin, Pflanz. Europ. 277, 513,
& 539. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677--579 &
967, fig. 479. 1971; V. Singh, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 68:
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 107
343. 1971; Sipple, Bartonia 1: 13, 21, 27, & 35. 1971; H. V. Sm.,
Wildfl. Winter 201. 1971; Sperka, Gard. Guide 187--138. 1971;
Stafleu, Linnaeus & Linn. [65]. 1971; Stalter, Castanea 36: 17h.
1971; Stearn in Blunt, Compl. Naturalist 2). 1971; D. Swartz,
Colleg. Dict. Bot. 495. 1971; Tammaro, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 105: 77.
1971; Vallentine, Range Develop. & Improv. 95 & 59. 1971; Vyas,
Agarwal, & Garg, Pyton Rev. Int. Bot. Exp. 28: 161—16. 1971;
Wetzel, Madrofio 21: 195. 1971; Wherry, Bartonia )1: 79. 1971;
Abba, Inform. Bot. Atal. h: 39. 1972; Aleman & al., Fl. Kultur-
pfl. 19: 359--425. 1972; Amaral Franco in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur.
3: 122—-123. 1972; Anderson in J. H. Zimmerm., Proc. Second Mid-
west Prairie Conf. 16. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 53: 637 (1972),
Sh: 2496 (1972), 53 (12): BAS.I.C. S.268 (1972), 5h (3): BAS.
IC. S. 269 & S.276 (1972), 5h (5): BASIC. S106 & S.272
(1972), and 54 (7): B.A.S.I.C. S.280. 1972; Beadle, Evans, Car-
olin, & Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2, 505--507. 1972; Burpee,
Burpee Seeds & Everything for Gard. 56. 1972; Cabrera, Bol. Soc.
Argent. Bot. 1: 258. 1972; Caswell-Massey, Winter Cat. 1972-
1973: 4S. 1972; Chuey, Ohio Journ, Sci. 72: 43. 1972; R. E.
Clarkson, Golden Age Herbs 269 & 328. 1972; R. E. Clarkson, Herbs
& Sav. Seeds 16, 212, 290, 315, 323, 32h, 327, 339, 3h1, & 3h9.
1972; Clifford & Ludlow, Keys Fam. & Gen. Queensl. Flow. Pl. 12h
& 211. 1972; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. Sil. U.
S. 139) & 1396--1400, fig. 65. 1972; Crum, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
78: 86. 1972; Cuf., Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 2 (3): Suppl.
(Enum. Pl. Aethiop.] 1656. 1972; DeFillips, Webbia 27: 360. 1972;
Dowden, Wild Green Things 50. 1972; Edees, Fl. Staffordsh. 133.
1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanzennam., ed.
10, 7h, 520, 541, & Sy. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7
(us xxv & 222 (1972), 7 (8): xvi & item 16419 (1972), 7 (10):
xvi (1972), and 8 (9): xiii & 635. 1972; Fletcher in Hillier, Man.
Trees & Shrubs, ed. 2, 76 & 406 (1972) and imp. ed. 2, 75 & 106.
1972; Foley, Ground Covers, pr. 2, 134-135, 188, 21), 216, 219, &
22h. 1972; Fong & al., Lloydia 25: 117—~1)9. 1972;Hamzah, Toha, &
Van Steenis, Mount. Fl. Java 75. 1972; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap.,
pr. 2, 1: 190. 1972; Hinton & Rzedowski, Journ. Arnold Arb. 53:
167. 1972; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan 22 & 2u, pl. 163, fig. 6-1.
1972; Hueck & Seibert in Walter, Vegetationsmonog. Einz. Gros. 2a:
53. 1972; Hutton, Castanea 37: 22 & 243. 1972; Hyland, U.S.
Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 178: 28 & 28). 1972; Inouye & al., Chem.
Pharm. Bull. 20: 1287—1296. 1972; Kunkel, Cuad. Bot. Canar. 16:
38. 1972; Kunkel, Monog. Biol. Canar. 3: 62. 1972; Letouzey, Man.
Bot. Forest. Afr. Trop. 2 (B): 360. 1972; Mazzeo, Castanea 37:
176. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 54: 1194, 1725, & 1729. 1972;
Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 216--257, 509, 511, & 512. 1972; Muir,
Muelleria 2: 178. 1972; Nettleton & al., Detect. Potent. Antitumor
Agents (mss.]. 1972; Palmer & Pitman, Trees South. Afr. 3: 199,
1951, 1953, 1955, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1973, & 1975.
19723; G. W. Park, Parks Flow. Book 1973: 86. 1972; P. R. Pearson,
Morris Arb. Bull. 23: 44. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320.
1972; A. Porter, Afr. Exper. 56. 1972; E. H. Roberts, Viability
of Seeds 308. 1972; Rogerson, Rickett, & Becker, Bull. Torrey
108 PY oTHORk. ONG hk Vol. 28, no. 1
Bot. Club 99: 156 & 157. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vols. 1-20,
part 1: 161 & 378--379. 1972; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Anal. Esc.
Nac. Cienc. Biol. 19: 35 & hl. 1972; Scharrer in J. H. Zimmern.,
Proc. Second Midwest Prairie Conf. 10. 1972; Skinner, Ornament.
Pl. Coastal Northw. 75. 1972; "S. K. J.", Biol. Abstr. 5: 2319.
1972; Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 73 & 25. 1972; Stalter,
Castanea 37: 225 & 300. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl.
West Pakist. 607 & 608. 1972; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Fran¢. Pond.
Trav. Sect. Scient. & Techn. 12 (1): 104, 249, & 335. 1972;
Trease & Evans, Pharmacog., ed. 10, 564. 1972; Tutin in Tutin &
al., Fl. Eur. 3: 122 & 369. 1972; Urbschat, Mitteil. Arbeitsge-
meinsch, Florist. Schlesw.—-Holst. 20: 135 & 250, map 2372. 1972;
Venter, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 38: 231. 1972; wallace & Romney,
Radioecol. & Ecophys. Desert Pl. vi. 1972; R. J. Weaver, Pl.
Growth Subst. Agr. 136. 1972; W. A. Weber, Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 2,
305--306 & 437. 1972; Whipple, Journ. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. 88:
[1], 7, & 9. 1972; Wilkinson & Jaques, How Know Weeds, ed. 2,
123—12h, 207, & 231, fig. 295-300. 1972; Anon., Hort. Bot. Univ.
Monaster. Ind. Sem. 1972/73: 709 & 710. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr.
55 (5): BeAcSel C. Se267 (1973), 55 (9): BeASeleC. 5.272 (1973),
55 (10): B.AS.1.C. S.270 (1973), 56 (2): BASIC. S.280 (1973),
and 56 (3): BASIC. S.280. 1973; D. E. Clark, Color in Your
Gard., ed. 2, 18, 45, & 52. 1973; Cody, Ind. Sem. 1973: 26. 19733
Davidson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 50. 1973; Farnsworth, Phar-
macog. Titles 6, Cum. Gen. Ind. [121] (1973), 8 (6): x & h79
(1973), and 8 (8): xxiii. 1973; Halse, Fl. Canyon de Chelly 147
[typescr.]. 1973; Howitt & Howell, Suppl. Vasc. Pl. Monterey Co.
28 & 60. 1973; Jacobsen, Kirkia 9: 172. 1973; Kral, Rhodora 75:
400. 1973; K. Larsen, Kormof. Tax. 165 & 223. 1973; "L. E.",
Biol. Abstr. 55: 2879. 1973; Lommasson, Nebr. Wild Fis. 85, 86, &
18), pl. 17). 1973; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los
Andes 9 (13): 56. 1973; Matthiessen, Audubon 75 (5): 27. 1973; L.
P. Mill., Phytochem. 1: 329, 362, 393, & 410. 1973; Moldenke,
Biol. Abstr. 55: 1287 (1973) and 56: 653 & 12h6. 1973; Koldenke,
Phytologia 25: 225, 226, 228, 230--23h, 20, 2h, 368, 507, &
511 (1973) and 26: 409, 50h, & 512. 1973; A. L. Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 25: 167. 1973; Moldenke in Woodson, Schery, & al., Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard. 60: h2—h7, 62, 63, 70, 7h, 77, & 1h, fig. 1. 1973;
H. T. & R. T. Northen, Greenhouse Gard., ed. 2, 362. 1973; Peter-
son, Ariz. Highw. 9 (5): 48. 1973; Ralph, Checklist Vasc. Pl.
Coast. Pl. Comm. 29. 1973; Rimpler & Schafer, Tetrahed. Let. 17:
1463--16. 1973; Stacey, Ariz. Highw. 9 (3): 7. 1973; W. Stone,
Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 660—661 & 827. 1973; Takematsu, Konnai,
& Takeuchi, Bull. Coll. Agr. Utsun. Univ. 8 (3): 16h. 1973; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 27: 50h, 508, & 512. 197h.
It is perhaps worth mentioning here that the Chodat & Hassler
(190) reference in the above bibliography is sometimes errone-
ously cited as "Plantae Hasslerianae IX, 77"; the Benke (1933)
reference is sometimes cited as "Rhodora 10. 1943" or "3h: U5";
and the Pase & Johnson (1968) reference has been cited previously
inaccurately as "U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest Serv." In regard to the
J.C. & M. Willis (1911) publication, M. Willis is mentioned as
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 109
co-author on the cover of the work but not on its title-page!
Alcock (1876) credits the name, Verbena, to Pliny and says
"Speaking of 'Sagmen' and 'Verbena' Pliny says: 'These two names
no doubt originally signified the same thing -- a green turf torn
up from the citadel, with the earth attached to it, and hence,
when envoys were despatched to the enemy for the purpose of clar-
igation, or, in other words, with the object of clearly demanding
restitution of property that had been carried off, one of these
officers was always known as the 'verbenarius', — or bearer of
the verbena. The etymology of the name is dubious. It has been
said to be derived from Keltic ferfaen, having the same signifi-
cance as Saxifraga......The word verbenae (L.) signified general-
ly sacred boughs, or branches of trees that were used in religi-
ous ceremonials; hence it has been suggested that it is a corrup-
tion of two G. words, hiera botane, or sacred plant."
Vansell (1931) reports the name "valley vervena" for species
of Phacelia in California — obviously a typographic error for
"valley verbena", Gibert (1873) cites Gibert 45, hd, 451, 452,
& 979 as unidentified species of Verbena, but, “of course, i oo
concept of Verbena included Aloysia, Phy Phyla, and perhaps other
genera now recognized as distinct. The J. J. P. Simon 477, dis-
tributed as Verbena sp., is actually Diostea scoparia (Gill. &
Hook.) Miers.
It is worth noting that Raeuschel (1797) divides the gems
Verbena into two sections: (1) Diandrae (including what we now
recognize as Bouchea, Stachytarpheta, and Phyla stoechadifolia)
and (2) Tetrandrae (including Phyla nodiflora, Priva adhaerens,
Aloysia, Lippia alba, and true , Verbena spp.).
Fell (1955) raports of the verbenas of Winnebago County, Il1l-
inois: "Variations in individuals and extensive hybridization
among our 5 native verbenas produce such a mingling of characters
that picking out the parents is difficult and at times quite in-
possible. Dr. Moldenke has named some of these hybrids in
his account of the genus in the New Illustrated Britton and
Brown and he has revised some of our specimens. Hybrids are much
more common in some pastures than in others where the opportunity
of crossing seems as great. The prairies about Camp Grant and
pastures in Kishwaukee River bottom near Perryville road bridge
and on River Road south of Cherry Valley are especially prolific.
The most common crosses are x rhydbergii and x moechina."
Additional excluded species:
Verbena undulata Reitz, Sellowia 13: 67. 1961; Reitz, Sellowia
22: 145. 1970 = Lantana undulata Schrank.
The L. F. Ward s.n. [Washington, May 18, 1886], distributed
as a species of Verbena, is actually a species of Veronica in
the Scrophulariaceae.
VERBENA ABRAMSI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 53: 637 (1972)
110 PHY TO L0G i & Vol. 28, no. 2
and 54: 1729. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 216 (1972) and 25:
23. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.270. 1973;
Howitt & Howell, Suppl. Vasc. Pl. Monterey Co. 28. 1973.
Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Riverside Co.: M. Hall s.n.
[May 18, 190] (Ba).
XVERBENA ADULTERINA Hausskn.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 213. 1972.
VERBENA ALATA Sweet
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145. 1970;
Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 838 & xix.
1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 54 (7): BeA.S.1.C. 5.280. 1972; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 23: 258 & 436. 1972.
According to Paxton (180) this species was introduced into
cultivation in England in 1828.
The Lindeman & Haas 3010, distributed as V. alata, is more
probably V. montevidensis Spreng., even though it is referred to
on the label as a "shrub 1.2 m. tall, almost leafless".
VERBENA ALATA f. ALBA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 213. 1972.
VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb.
Additional & emended bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies &
Plains, pr. 1, 677, 678, & 967. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Waterfall, Rhodora 51: 27.
1949; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112
[typescr.]. 1951; W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed.
1, 156 (1953) and ed. 2, 156. 1961; W. A. Weber, Rocky Mtn. Fl.,
ed. 1, 305. 1967; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88 &
89. 1968; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677, 678, &
967. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 54: 119). 1972; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 2): 20, 54, 242, & 255. 19723 W. A. Weber, Rocky Mtn.
Fl., ed. 2, 305. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (10): BA.S.I. C.
$.270. 1973; Stacey, Ariz. Highw. 9 (3): 7. 1973.
Illustrations: Stacey, Ariz. Highw. 49 (3): 7 [in color].
1973.
Dress refers to this plant as having decumbent stems and
found it growing "in low barren dry (but vernally moist) ground",
Reveal and his associates encountered it on steep mountain slopes,
associated with Yucca, Opuntia, and other shrubs. Tharp reports
it from "valleys and roadsides". The Spellenbergs describe the
plant as forming "clumps with many stems". The corollas on
Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062 are said to have been "pink". The
color illustration in the Stacey (1973) article referred to above
does not show enough detail to make identification certain, but
it seems likely that it depicts V. ambrosifolia.
An artificial cross between this species and V. canadensis
(L.) Britton is described by Solbrig (1968) but has not been
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 11
named. The Denham 2001, distributed as V. ambrosifolia, is actu-
ally V. ambrosifolia f. eglandulosa Perry.
Additional citations: COLORADO: Archuleta Co.: Weber & Li
ston 6258 (Bl--71228). Boulder Co.: W. A. Weber 3911 gL (E1—-16778) «
Huerfano Co.: M. Douglass S4-133 (Bl--134645). Las as Animas Co.:
W. A. Weber 3303 (Bl—-19629). Pueblo Co.: M. Douglass 54-81 (Bl—
13859). TEXAS: Loving Co.: Stuessy 18) (Ws). Pecos Co.: Tharp
43-796 (B1—-53320). Zavala Co,: o.: Ramirez & Cardenas 13 (Bl—
209430, Bl--2094)3). NEW MEXICO: Chavez Co.: W. A. Weber 1511
(B1--257053). Guadalupe Co.: Dress 2883 (Ba). ARIZONA: Cochise
Co.: Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062 (N). MEXICO: Coahuila: Reveal,
Hess, & Kiger 257) (N, W--2632235); Rinehart 700) (Mi).
VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA f. EGLANDULOSA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Waterfall, Rhodora 51: 27. 1949; Moldenke,
Phytologia 23: 213. 1972.
Waterfall (1949) cites Waterfall 7437 from Cimarron County,
Oklahoma, growing on a stony hillside. The Denham 2055, distribu-
ted as ve ambrosifolia f. eglandulosa, is actually v. V. gooddingii
var. nepetifolia Tidestr.
Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Luna Co.: Denham 2001 (Bl—
2)))669) .
VERBENA AMOENA Paxt.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(180) and ed. 2, 328. 1819; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 21). 1972.
Paxton (180) avers that this species was introduced into
cultivation in England in or before 1839.
VERBENA ARISTIGERA S. Moore
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 182 & 19
(1972) and 2h: 236, 238, & 239. 1972.
The corollas on Hatschbach 23884, Krapovickas, Cristébal, Mro-
ginski, & Fernandez 22730, V. Marufiak 126, and Schinini & Mrogin-
ski ski LL76 | are said to have been "violet" w eS fresh. Recent col-
lectors have found this plant in bloom in April, September, anc
November, growing in white sandy soil on "campo limpo algo fmido".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 2388),
(N). PARAGUAY: V. Maruflak 126 (Ws). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Kra-
povickas, Cristébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22730 (1d); Schinini
& Mroginski 66) (Ld).
VERBENA ATACAMENSIS Reiche
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 182. 1972.
ea citations: CHILE: Atacama: Worth & Morrison 16154
(Ba).
h2 PHY 520 sOuG ark Vol, 28, no. 1
VERBENA BALANSAE Briq.
Additional bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 15. 1970; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 23: 21)--215 (1972) and 2h: 232 & 22. 1972.
VERBENA BANGIANA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb.
18): 170. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 215. 1972.
VERBENA BARBATA Grah.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(180) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 215 (1972)
and 25: 23h. 1973.
Paxton (18,0) states that this plant was introduced into cul-
tivation in England in 1826.
VERBENA BERTERII (Meisn.) Schau.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytclcgia 23: 258, 28), &
377. 1972.
Morrison refers to this plant as "not common; bush 0.3 m.
tall; flowers lilac" and found it in flower and fruit in December.
My wife and I, however, found it extremely common in the Santiago
area when we collected there in 198.
Material of V. berterii has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria under the name of Glandularia laciniata (L.)
Schnack & Covas.
Additional citations: CHILE: Aconcagua: Ztllner 683 (Ac), 6817
(Id). Colchagua: ZUliner 671 (Ac). Santiago: Mahu 758-L =n
20863), 4232 (B1--218578); J. J. L. Morrison 16771 (Ba (Ba). Valparai-
so: Z6llner er 702) (Ac).
V=RBENA BIPINNATIFIDA Nutt.
Additional & emended bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies &
Plains, pr. 1, 677--679 & 967. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Kearney, List Citations Place
Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [typescr.]. 1951; Foley, Ground Covers,
pr. 1, 134. 1961; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88 & 89.
1968 ; *Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 3: 111. 1970; Agarwal, Journ.
ieee Bot. Soc. 50: 374-——376. 1971; Foley, Ground Covers, pr. 2,
134. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 677--679 & 96
1971; Vyas, Agarwal, & Garg, Phyton Rev. int. Bot. Exp. 28: 161--
164. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 54: 2495 (1972) and 5h (5): B.A.S.
I.C. S.272. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7 (10): xvi.
1972; Fong & al., Lloydia 25: 117—19. 1972; Molcenke, Phytolo-
gia 23: 258—259, 302, lik, 426, & 435 (1972) and 2h: $1, 53,
131, 238, & 239. 1972; G. W. Park, Parks Flow. Book 1973: 86.
1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 608. 1972;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (5): BASIC. S.267. 1973; Kral, Rhodora
75: 400. 1973; "L. E.", Biol. Abstr. 55: 2879. 1973.
Agarwal (1971) treated seeds of what he says was this species
(but I suspect strongly that they were V. tenuisecta Briq.!) with
various combinations of thio- and ascorbic acid for 12 hours and
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 3
then let them germinate under continuous light or in contimous
darkness. Ascorbic acid affected germination poorly when applied
alone, but markedly increased the stimulation caused by thiourea.
With increasing proportion of thiourea greater germination oc-
curred in continuous light, while with increasing proportion of
ascorbic acid germination was greater in continuous darkness.
Vyas, Agarwal, & Garg (1971) studied germination and growth of the
same species in different soil types and found that field capacity,
as well as Ca and organic content of the soil, control the growth
and distribution of this species [again, probably pid tenuisecta].
Drar (1970) records V. bipinnatifida as cultivated in the Sudan,
but here again it is virtually certain that the plant he refers
to is the commonly cultivated V. tenuisecta Briq.
Recent collectors have found V. bipinnatifida growing along
roadsides, in dry stony rough ground, open neglected fields, and
xeric pastures without crops. Lawrence refers to it as a "floppy
perennial, 15 inches tall". Ruth refers to it as common through-
out Tarrant County and the entire state of Texas. The flowers are
sometimes referred to as fragrant. The corollas are described as
having been "lavender" on Fryxell 1238 and Lundell & Lundell 12132,
"purple" on C. L. Lundell 10955 & 070 and Lundell | & Lundell
C. L. Lundell 10955
11364, "purplish" on C. L. Lundell 11457 & ee and Lundell &
ae Pa ee
they are said to have been "bluer than in ve. canadersis".
Kral (1973) cites Kral 31082 from Greene e County, Kral 31215
from Marengo County, Kral 30953 from Montgomery County, and Kral
23786 & 39643 from Sumter County, Alabama, noting that the species
is "Very abundant and showy in late spring anc into the summer on
the black earths and outcrops of the chalk prairies in Alabama;
probably in every black belt county. However, not reported by
Small from east of Louisiana. A common verbena of the prairie
provinces of the west and midwest, already reported for Alabama
by Harper......and.....Perry.'
The F. R. Fosberg i661 and L. C. Higgins 3951, distributed as
Ws. bipinnatifida, are actually im ciliata va: var. -, longidentata Perry,
Gould & Haskell 3253a is V. elegans H.E.K H.EB.K., Plowman & Kilham AP.18
is V. gooddingii Briq Briq., Nafday 12 liz is V. tenuisecta Bria., and 1. i.
Collins s.n. [July 29, 191) is in part V. tenuisecta Briq. and in
part V. V. tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke.
Additional citations: SOUTH DAKOTA: Fall River Co.: G. N. Jones
35990 (Bl--191)71). KANSAS: Smith Co.: Horr E.108 (Bl--55877).
ARKANSAS: Franklin Co.: 0. E. White s.n. [27 May 1947] (W-—-
2616208). OKLAHOMA: Beckham Co.: Dress ess 2876 (Ba). Comanche Co.:
Hopkins, Nelson, & Nelson 801 (Ba). Murray Co.: M. Hopkins 3959
(Ba). TEXAS: Bewiera Co.: Ramirez & Cardenas )0 (B1--209]69).
Bexar Co.: J. 0. Perez 25 (Bl—209672). Dallas Co.: Cc. L. Lundell
11704 (Mi); Lundell & Lundell 11315 (Ba, B1—71834), 12132 (Mi);
11) PB Ye? 0. CLG & Vol. 28, no. 1
J. Reverchon s.n. [Curtiss 1962*] (Mi). Deaf Smith Co.: C. L.
Lundell 1157 (Mi). Fannin Co.: McCart 2032 (B1l-—-10387). Gilles-
pie Co.: Fryxell 1238 (N). Kinney Co.: Strother 263 (B1—198050).
Oldham Co.: C. L. Lundell 1162 (Mi); Lundell & Lundell 111,50
(Mi). Reagan Co.: Cory 53507 (B1—90)7)). Smith Co.: H. E. Moore
951 (Ba). Sutton Co.: Rohrbaugh 390 (Bl--17h980). Tarrant Co.:
A, Ruth 107 (Ba). Taylor Co.: Lundell & Lundell 1136) (Mi). U-
valde Co.: C. L. Lundell 10955 (Mi), 10975 (Mi). Williamson Co.:
Lundell & Lundell 10369 (Mi). CULTIVATED: Canada: G. H. M. Law-
rence 169 (Ba). SS
VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA ver. LATILOBATA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp.
Ariz. Fl. 112 [typescr.]. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 216 &
302. 1972.
XVERBENA BLANCHARDI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1,
677. 1932; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; Rydb., Fl. Prairies
& Plains, pr. 2, 677. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 216. 1972.
VERBENA BONARIENSIS L.
Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena bonariense L. ex Molden-
ke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 197; Martin &
Noel, Fl. Albany & Bathhurst 92. 1960. Verbena bonarriensis L.
ex Dhillon & Bajwa, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11: 21, sphalm. 1969.
Verbena bonaviensis Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7 (10): xvi,
sphalm e 1972 e
Additional & emended bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3,
3. 1797; Desf., Tabl. fcol. Bot., ed. 1, 55. 180; Willd., Enum.
Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 633. 1809; Desf., Tabl. Ecol. Bot., ed. 2,
66. 1815; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (180) and ed. 2,
328. 1849; Gibert, Enum. Pl. Montevid. 43. 1873; Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. 3 (1): 255. 1893; J. G. Baker in Thiselt.—Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr.
5: 286—287. 1900; Stearn, Fl. Batava 27: pl. 2093. 1925; Anon.,
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1929, App. 3: 108. 1929; Wangerin in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 5, (1): 1170 [366] (1932) and 55 (1): 835. 1935;
Jex-Blake, Gard, East Afr., ed. 2, 332. 1939; Oertel, U. S. Dept.
Agr. Circ. 554: 21. 1939; Wangerin & Krause in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (1): 70h, 754 [372], & 823. 191; Rambo, An. Bot. Herb.
Barb. Rodr. 1: 125. 1949; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18:
170. 1958; P. Fournier, Quat. Fl. France 806. 1961; Watt & Breyer-
Brandwijk, Med. & Poison. Pl. S. & East. Afr., ed. 2, 105) & 1453.
1962; N. P. Singh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11: 357. 1969; Angely,
Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 838 & xix, map 1391.
1971; V. Singh, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 343. 1971; Ama-
ral Franco in Tutin é al., Fl. Sur. 3: 123. 1972; Beadle, Evans,
Carolin, & Tindale, Fl. Sydney Red., ed. 2, 507. 1972; D. S. & He
B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. 1396 & 1397. 1972; De
Fillips, Webbia 27: 360. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Hand-
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 115
worterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog.
Titles 7 (10): xvi. 1972; Fong & al., Lloydia 25: 117—149. 1972;
Kunkel, Monog. Biol. Canar. 3: 62. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303
& 320. "1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 608.
1972; Tutin in Tutin é al., Fl. Eur. 3: 369. 1972; Venter, Journ.
Se Afr, Bot. 38: 231. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 216— 217
(1972) and 25: 232, 233, & 2hh. 1973.
Emended illustrations: Stearn, Fl. Batava 27: pl. 2093. 1925.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in grasslands,
in "brejo", at the foot of small hills, and (in New Zealand) in
"poor dry yellow soil on southerly-sloping hillsides", and as a
weed in cotton fields, at 125 m. altitude, flowering from Decem-
ber to February and fruiting in December and January. Martin &
Noel (1960) assert that it blooms regularly in Australia in Janu-
ary and February. It has been described as an erect herb to 2 m.
tall. The corollas are described as "lilac" on Hatschbach 28)83
and Philson, Doore, & Nash 234, "violet" on Hatschbach, Smith, & &
Klein 28206, pais eiAh on Darbyshire 53h, "Light—purple” on
Lindeman & | & Haas 3935, "mauve't on Bayliss BS.2236, and "blue" on
MacDaniels 2044. Martin & Noel (1960) describe the flowers as
"purple". Paxton (1380) asserts categorically that the plant is
"worthless" in cultivation (yet it has been or is in cultivation
in at least 16 countries!). In Africa and Australia it is knom
as "blue-top" or "purple-top". A French vernacular name for it
is "verveine de Buénos—Ayres". Oertel (1939) calls it "blue
vervain" and lists it among the “honey and pollen plants" of
Louisiana.
Venter (1972) refers to V. bonariensis as a "Woody herb on
flood sands" in South Africa, flowering there from September to
November. Dhillon & Bajwa (1969) describe it as a "weed in gar-
dens" in Rajasthan, citing Dhillon 301; Singh (1969) refers to
it as "Frequent, along the sides of the sugarcane and paddy
fields" in India, flowering there from April to October and fruit-
ing from July to October, citing his nos. 19636 & 25497. The
Corrells (1972) give its “habitat and distribution in the south-
western United States as "Sandy loam, ditch banks, wet or moist
flatlands and along rice field fences, in Okla. (McCurtain Co.)
and in e. Tex. from Red River to Jefferson cos.", blooming
there from April to June. Santa Cruz reports that in Chile it
occurs in "Toda la Républica de 36° a 41° Lat. Sur".
Baker (1900) tells us that V. bonariensis is "a native of
Extratropical South Amarica, is now established at the Cape and
in Mauritius, Bombay, Madagascar, and the Canary Islands, but we
have no specimens from Tropical Africa". Stewart (1972) asserts
that it is "A weed from Brazil which seems to be spreading in
Hazara [Pakistan]. It has been found in Abb., Mansera and Than-
diani." Waterfall (1949) cites Waterfall 7599 from McCurtain
County, Oklahoma — "an adventive in.....roadside ditch -- either
recently spread into the state or previously overlooked... It has
been known previously from near-by Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana."
Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) report that it "has been sus-
116 Pony OTL OG res Vol. 28, no. 1
pected in Australia of causing abortion in the bovine...No ill
effects, however, have resulted from the experimental feeding of
300 gm. of dry flowering plant on each of four consscutive days."
Fournier (1961) most amazingly reduces V. bonariensis to syn-
onymy under what he calls V. chamaedryfolia {now known as Ve
peruviana (L.) Britton], a / species belonging to a completely dif-
ferent section of the genus! Perry (1972) reduces it to synonymy
under "V. patagonica" {now known as Junellia patagonica (Speg.)
Moldenke] -- the plant here referred to doubtless being V. bonar-
iensis Rendle rather than the true V. bonariensis of Linnaeus,
although no authorities are cited a her.
aS SSS SSS SS EE EE
[H. N. Moldenke ca distributed as V. bonariensis, are =
tually V. bonariensis var. conglomerata | Briq.e, Pega 716 is Vv.
brasiliensis Vell., Archer L831, Cowgill 903, Dress 1393, and
Herb. Pl. Ind. 121505 are xV. ¥. intercedens Br. Briq., |., Balakrishnan
NBK 13 is V. rigida Spreng., Bayliss BS.5318 is V. tenuisecta
Briq., and oR N. N. Forbes 5U6H is S Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz &
Pav.) Vahl.
Additional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Colleton Co.: Bell 237
(Bl--150279). GEORGIA: Burke Co.: Shacklette 6893 (B1--202028).
FLORIDA: Bay Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26693 (Ac). ALABAMA: Pike
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26869 (Ld). MISSISSIPPI: Perry Co.:
Moldenke & Moldenke 26336 (Ba). ARKANSAS: Drew Co.: Demaree
23251 (Ba). TEXAS: Orange Co.: Cory 48132 (B1--253595). CALI-
FORNIA: Marin Co.: Howell 19323 (Ba, Bl—53365) sen. [Sept. 5,
1943] (Bl—-10393). BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 2653 (Ld);
Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 28206 (Ac). Rio Grande do Sul:
Lindeman & Haas 3935 (N). CHILE: Malleco: Santa Cruz 1938 (Ba).
ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: A. T. Hunziker 062 (Ba). Formosa: I.
Morel 159 (Bl—-104281), 1221 ~ (B1--104257). Misiones: Bertoni
24436 (B1--104280) . Santa Fé: Querfin 657 (Ld). EGYPT: Maire
1h2 (Gz). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bayliss BS.2236 (Ba, Ba).
INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s.n. [alt. 1-3000 ped.]
(Pd). SRI LANKA: Amaratunga 695 (Pd); Balakrishnan NBK.1038
(Pd). NEW CALEDONIA: MacDaniels 20h) (Ba). AUSTRALIA: Capital
Territory: Darbyshire 53) (Ba). Queensland: K. Russell s.n.
[7 Nov. 193] (W--2716963). NSW ZEALAND: North Island: Philson,
Doore, & Nash 234 (Ws). CULTIVATED: Sri Lanka: Collector unde-
eonuined Sen. [Hakgala, Sept. 22, 1897] (Pd); Silva s.n. [Hak—
gala, May 22, 1911] (Pa).
VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. CONGLOMERATA Briq.
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 838 & xix. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia
23: 259. 1972.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 137
Bracelin describes the flower-color on Bracelin 1512 as "RHS
[Royal Horticultural Society] 35/2 Amethyst Violet; tube 29/1
Rhodamine Purple" and found the plant in flower in July and in
fruit in December. Through some palpable error in transcription,
the label with Bracelin 2827 is inscribed "Tree: up to 6 feet
high".
Tiasat ional citations: URUGUAY: Gallinal, Aragone, Bergalli,
Campal, & Rosengurtt PE.5i61 (Ba); Rosengurtt Gallinal 5504 Ba).
CULTIVATED: California: Bracelin 1512 (Ba), 2827 (Ba). Egypt:
Din sen. [29//1970] (Gz, Gz, Gz). England: Stearn s.n. [H. N.
Moldenke 9160] (Ba, N).
VERBENA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rodr.
Additional synonymy: Verbena bractiosa Lag. & Rodr. ex C. C.
Black in Cragg [ed.], Advances Ecol. Res. 7: 108, sphalm. 1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Desf., Tabl. Ecol. Bot.,
ed. 1, 55. 180h;Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 63. 1809;
Desf., Tabl. Ecol. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict.,
ed. 1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 189; Stearn, Fl. Batava 27:
pl. 2082. 1925; Blewitt, Fl. Waterbury 105. 1926; Wangerin in
Just, Bot. Jahresber. sf, (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Clute, Am. Bot-
anist 33: 113—114. 1927; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1,
677, 678, & 967. 1932; Higgins, Occas. Pap. San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist. 8: 121. 1949; W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range,
ed. 1, 156. 1953; Evers, Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 26: 21 &
436. 1955; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; W. A. Weber,
Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed. 2, 156. 1961; W. A. Weber,
Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 1, 306. 1967; Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man.
Weed Seeds 96 & 97. 1970; C. C. Black in Cragg [ed.], Advances
Ecol. Res. 7: 108. 1971; Eilers, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 21:
60 & 123. 1971; Ellis, Wofford, & Chester, Castanea 36: 2h2.
1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677, 678, & 967.
1971; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. 1397
& 1400. 1972; Cronq., Holmg., Holmg., & Reveal, Intermount. Fl.
1: 12) & 125. 1972; Dowden, Wild Green Things 50. 1972; Wallace
& Romney, Radioecol. & Ecophys. Desert Pl. vi. 1972; W. A. Weber,
Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 2, 306. 1972; Wilkinson & Jaques, How Know
Weeds, ed. 2, 123, 207, & 231, fig. 295. 1972; Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 2h: 21, Sl, & 13h (1972) and 25: 226, 23h, & 2hh. 1973;
Halse, Fl. Canyon de Chelly 147 [typescr.]. 1973; Howitt & How-
ell, Suppl. Vasc. Pl. Monterey Co. 28. 1973.
Additional illustrations: Stearn, Fl. Batava 27: pl. 2082.
1925; Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 97 [in color].
1970; Wilkinson & Jaques, How Know Weeds, ed. 2, 123, fig. 295.
1972.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in oven grass-
land, along railroad tracks, and on the edges of gravel roads.
Smith, in New York, describes it as a gray-green plant "locally
abundant in railroad yards, forming mats 3 feet across". Hitch-
cock & Muhlick, in Montana, assert that it forms "mats feet
wide on roadsides". In Idaho it was found by Baker along road-
18 POR Wor Ok Or Gis A Vol. 28, no. 1
sides in sagebrush-grass zones. Higgins (1949) cites Higgins
6788. Desfontaines (180)) records the French common name "verveine
a longues bractées". The corollas are described as "bluish" on
Lundell & Lundell EP "lavender—blue" on Dress 4089 and Plow-
man & man & Kilham AP.91, "pale lavender—blue" on Dress 1887, "pale-_
lilac" on Dr Dress ss 886, and "pink" on S. J. Smith ith 270).
Wilkinson & Jaques (1972) assert that the sp species is "widely
distributed in waste land. Often takes over part of a barnyard",
flowering from May to September. Bennett found it in moist open
ground in the Transition Zone of New Mexico. The Corrells (1972)
describe its habitat and distribution in the southwestern United
States as "Low and newly cleared land, in mud about lakes, ponds
and along sloughs, river bottoms, grassy places, waste ground and
roadsides, in Tex. from the Trans~Pecos and Plains Country through
the Edwards Plateau e. to Newton Co., Okla. (Waterfall), N. M.
(widespread) and Ariz. (throughout state), Apr.—Cct.; almost
throughout the w. U. S. and s. Can., introd. and local eastw."
Ellis, Wofford, & Chester (1971) record it from Trigg County, Ken-
tucky, while Eilers (1971) says that it is infrequent along low
sandy roadsides in Benton, Blackhawk, Delaware, Floyd, Lim, and
Tama Counties, Iowa. Evers (1955) avers that, * although "Nabun—
dant along roadsides", this plant was seen only once on a hill
prairie in Tllinois. Paxton (180) asserts that it was intro-
duced into cultivation in England in 1820.
Black (1971) reports that this is a plant with only low photo-
synthetic capacity: 702 grams of water are required to produce
one gram of dry matter.
Delorit (1970) describes the seeds as follows: "Oblong in out-
line; about the same width throughout except usually slightly
wider at the base. Dorsal side convex, its margins winged dow-
ward; ventral side granular, two-faced forming a longitudinal
ridge where they join. Both ends of the seed usually bluntly
rounded. Dorsal side usually with five longitudinal ribs, and oc-
casionally four, which are joined by transverse ribs in the upper
one-half of the seed forming a prominent network of veins. Inter-
rib spaces large, shallow, usually flared or wider at the base.
Seed scar oval, oblique, white. Golden-brown to reddish-brown,
2.0—2.), mm long, 0.7——-0.9 mm wide."
In speaking of his V. rudis, regarded as a synonym of V. brac-
teata by most authorities, Gre: Eons (1900) says "Its remarkable _
thick woody perennial meats alone would completely separate it
from V. bracteosa." He describes it as a common weed "of road-
sides and cultivated lands."
Material of V. bracteata has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in some herbaria as Veronica serpyllifolia var. neomexicana
Cockerell.
Additional citations: NEW YORK: Chemung Co.: S. J. Smith 270)
(Ba). MARYLAND: Baltimore City: Sollers s.n. [1890] (W--2761251).
ALABAMA: County undetermined: Rugel s.n. [Sept. 183] (B1--97103) .
OHIO: Hamilton Co.: E. L. Braun s.n. [V1-12-06] (W-~-2712373). IOWA:
7)
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 19
Story Co.: F. Ce Stewart S.n. [July 30, 1892] (Ba). KENTUCKY: Mc
Creary Co.: YEs mn Braun “Braun l2h6- (W--2667626). SOUTH DAKOTA: Fall
River Co.: G. rae Jones ones 35991 (Bl—191280). Jackson Co.: G. N.
Jones 35171 ( (B1--185))96). KANSAS: Douglas Co.: Horr E E.570 | (Bl—
88329). MO MONTANA: Park Co.: Hitchcock & Muhlick 13567 (Ba) (Ba). Powell
Co.: Hitchcock & untick 11520 (Ba). Sweetgrass Co.: Hitchcock &
Muhlick 13305 (Ba). IDAHO: Blaine Co.: W. H. Baker 110 1074 (N).
Canyon Co.: W. EH. ae 8167 (N), 12930 (N). Idaho Co.: Co.: We H.
Baker 10016 (N). Nez Perce Co.: Wats: H. Baker 5895 (N), 5918 (),
14343 (), . 14589 (N). Owyhee Co.: Ee H. Baker r 8182 (Ny). 0 UTAH:
Beaver Co.: “Dress 4886 (Ba). Tooele Co.: “Dress 089 (Ba). NEV-
ADA: Clark Co.: Clokey 8473 (B1—5809). COLORADO: Alamosa Co.:
Bean 51-61 (Bl—3661). Archuleta Co.: Weber & Livingston 6259
(B1--71227). Baca Co.: W. A. Weber 5189 (B1—56277). Boulder
Co.: Ewan 1090 (Bl—-76109); Moldenke & Moldenke 2779 (Ld). Den-
ver Co.: O.: Porter sen. (Denver, July , July 13-15, 1872] (B1l—-101510).
Fremont Co.: Gillett & Mosquin 12125 (B1—211363) . La Plata Co.:
J. Green 11 (Bl——64227). Larimer Co.: Crandall 172 (Ba). Moffat
Co.: MacLeod Tla (B1—-196630) . Montezuma Co.: Erdman 228 (Bl—
201073). Park Co.: J. M. Coulter s.n. [Latte River, June 26]
(Bl--100895). Sedgwick Co.: W. A. Weber 6407 (Bl—71229). Weld
Co.: Moir 69673) (Bl—256395). OKLAHOMA: Cimarron Co.: Waterfall
10756 , (BI—85539). TEXAS: Dawson Co.: Lundell & Lundell 16973
(Id). Tarrant Co.: A. Ruth 109 (Ba). Wood Coe: c.L. Lundell
12081 (Mi). NEW MEXICO: Dona Ana Co.: Wooton & Standley 3330. 3330
(B1--90196). Roosevelt Co.: W. A. Weber r 11399 (Bi-=—172251) ..
Sandoval Co.: Plowman & Kilhan | AP.91 1 (Oa). Ta Taos Co.: H. R. Ben-
nett 8061 (W--2,6297). ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Cutler, Goodman, % &
Payson 2951 m 2951 (Ba). WASHINGTON: Benton Co.: L. Ss. Rose 18153 ( (B1—
253596). Chelan Co.: Dress 1887 (Ba). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION
Seem Collector undesignated s.n. (Snake country, N. Am.]
Pd
VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Vell.
Additional & emended bibliography: Gibert, Emum. Pl. Montevid.
43. 1873; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18h: 170. 1958;
Eiten in Ferré, Simpos . SObre Cerrado 190. 1962; Angely, Fl. An-
al. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 838 & xix, map 1391. 1971;
R. C. Clark, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 58: 232 & 233. 1971; D. S. & H.
B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. 1396 & 1397. 1972;
Stalter, Castanea 37: 225 & 300. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h:
hy 215, & 256 (1972) and 25: 225. 1973.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on streambanks,
sandy road edges, and in clumps in open areas in new growth of
pines on sandy clay soil. The corollas are described as "laven-
der" on Fryxell 1769, "purple" on Repton 716, "blue-lavender" on
Shinners 23803, and "violet" on Krapovickas, Cristébal, Mroginski,
120 PHY TO L0G TA Vol. 28, no. 1
& Fernandez 22296. The Corrells (1972) describe its habitat and
distribution in the southwestern United States as "Waste places,
dry sandy soil, coastal prairies, in swamps and marshes about
lakes and on seepy banks of ponds, in Okla. (Woodward Co.) and
mainly in s.e. Tex., May--Cct., introd.; nat. to most of S. A.;
naturalized from Va. to Fla. and Gulf Coast, Ore., Calif., Jam.,
S. Afr. and elsewhere." Clark (1971) records it from Covington,
Dallas, Escambia, Greene, Hale, Lee, Lowndes, Marshall, Monroe,
Perry, Pike, and Tuscaloosa Counties, Alabama. Bostick (1971)
found it in’ Henry and Rockdale Counties, Georgia, and Stalter
(1972) in Georgetown County and on Outer Otter Island in Colleton
County, South Carolina. Eiten (1962) cites Eiten 1595.
Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Bertie Co.: Ahles & Duke
46161 (Bl--150605). Northampton Co.: Fox, Boyce, & Moreland 2097
(B1--883),). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: Moldeare e & Moldenke 26766 (Ac (Ac).
Escambia Co.: Dress & Read 74,67 (Ba). Houston Co.: Moldenke &
Moldenke 26823 (Ac). Marion Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26819 (Ba).
Stone Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26783 (Ld). ARKANSAS: Ashley Co.:
Demaree 55972 (Bl--2))9318). LOUISIANA: Bossier Par.: Shinners
23803 (Ea). Ouachita Par.: Morris 262 (Bl--2))309). TEXAS:
Brazos Co.: Fryxell 1769 (N). CALIFORNIA: Stanislaus Co.: Howell
30107 (Bl—230589). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Harley, & Oni Oni=
shi 29512 (N). ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: aces as, Cristébal,
Mroginski, & Fernandez 22296 (ld). SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Rep-
ton 716 (Ba). MADAGASCAR: J Je He Shaw SNe [10 Oct. 1962] (W--
2626877)
VERBENA CABRERAE Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 182--183,
418, & 31. 1972.
Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: R. F. Steinbach
321 (Ws).
VERBENA CALLIANTHA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 218 & 279
(1972) and 2h: 1h9 & 237. 1972.
Material of this species has been misidentified and distrib-—
uted in some herbaria under the designation "Glandularia aff.
selloi (Spr.) Tronc."
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Misiones: Krapovickas, Cris—
tébal, & Maruflak 15192 (Ws).
VERBENA CAMERONENSIS L. I. Davis
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 218. 1972.
Lundell encountered this species along roadsides at 500 feet
altitude and describes it as "prostrate". Recent collectors
have found it in bloom in March and July. The corollas are de-
scribed as "purple" on C. L. Lundell 10771 & 12256.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: L. I. Davis s.n.
[Southmost, March 22, i942] (Ba). [to be continued]
PHYTOLOGIA
Designed to expedite botanical publication
Vol. 28 June, 1974 No. 2
JUN 17 |
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDESS:
CONTENTS:
JABLONSKI, E., Catalogus Euphorbiarum 1973 1... 0... cee ees bad
GROAT, T. B., Combretum laxum Jacq. var. epiphyticum (Combretaceae)
a case of selection for water disposal ............++44. 188
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LXVII..... 192
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XX _ ..... 195
EL A 1 OG VEMICWS. woo. 5 cl a6 0A s 0! < obs Sivie ca ee bo OO deo P27
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.
Price of this number, $1.50; per volume, $8.50 in advance or $9.00
at close of volume; 50 cents extra to foreign addresses
x
CATALOGUS
Euphorbiarum
1973
E. JABLONSKI
Vol. IV
PRINCIPAL CATALOGUS
ALPHABETICUS
2808
122 Pel TeO0L O1G Tk Vol. 28, no. 2
The Total Number of Binominals
Treated in this Catalogus is
2808
listed in Alphabetic order.
Ay =.calt Boissiers original
B 160 numbers Wer€ecec 723
Caen e3
D 127 Added to this came
1 Caley Post Boissier... 2085
F 9h
G ©2135
H 115 Now we have....-.o 2808
I 80
J 28
K hs The following binominals have
iy aS7/ so far not been classified:
M 189
N 60 JX ato) N 5
(0) 73 Beco (0) 5
P 300 Cc 3h P Sh
Q 73 Dea); Qs
R alzal E i2 R 15
S 263 F 1h S 33
ut 157 G3 Te25
U 27 H 15 U 7
V 88 iz alah Vio abl
W 28 Ju 8 w 6
Xx 8 Kee xX 1
x 6 iG 26 Ys
Ze a3 M 27 roe
|
1974
Nomina,
abbottii
abchazica
abdelkuri
abdita
abdita
abolini
abortiva
abortiva
abramsiana
abyssinica
acalyphoides
acanthothamos
acaulis
acerensis .
achenocarpa
acrurensis
aculeata
aculeata
acuminata
acuta
adenensis
adenochlora
adenophylla
adenopoda
adenoptera
adhearens
adianthoides
adicioides
adinophylla
adriana
aegyptiaca
aellenii
aeruginosa
aequata
aequoris
aethiopum
affinis
affinis
afzelii
aggregata
agowensis
agraria
agrorum
akdaghensis
akenocarpa
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Authors.
Baker
Woronow
Balf.f.
(Burch)
A.R.Sm.
Korovin
Forsk.
Porta
Wheeler
J.F.Gmel.
Hochst.
Heldr.
Roxb.
Boiss.
Spreng.
N.E.Brown
Forsk.
E.Mey.
Lam.
Engelm,.
Deflers
E.Moor & Decne
Hort.
Baill.
Bertol.
(Small)
Lam.
(Small)
Donn.Sm.
St eHil.
Boiss.
Rech.f.
Schweickerdt
(Lunell)
N.E.Brown
Croizat
Boiss.
DC.
N.E.Brown
A.Berger
Hochst.
Bieb e
Willd.
Stapf
Guss.
Post-
Boissier.
282-A
(490)
375-A
222-B
22-A
91-B
179
179
161-c
318
380
323-B
161-A
272-C
313-A
625
625
154-C
339—A
256
64,7
647
65
123
Geographical
Distribution.
Ins. Aldabra
Caucas.
Socotra Archip.
Galapag.
Arabia
Hispan.
Calif.,Ariz.,
Sonora
Abyss.
Nubia
Boliv.
Erythraea
Arab.
N.Mex.,Texas,
Coahuil.
Arab.
Japan
Hab.?
Madag.
S.Domingo,Fla.
Florida
Peru
Florida
Am.centr.
Brasil.
Aegypt
Persia
Transvaal.
N.Dakota
C.of G.Hope
China
Bahamas
Sierra Leone
Afr.austr.Cape
Abyss.
Europ.austr.
Asia min.
Mediterr.occ.
12h
akenocarpa
alaica
alata
alatavica
albanica
albertensis
albescens
albicaulis
albiflora
albomarginata
albovillosa
alcicornis
alcicornis
alepica
alexandrina
alberiensis
aliceae
alluaudi
alpigena
alpina
alsinaeflora
alsinaefolia
alsinoides
alta
altaica
alternicolor
altissima
altotibetica
amarifontana
ambacensis
ambigua
ambohipotsiensis Ursch & Leandri
ambroseae
ammak
ammanioides
ammatotricha
amoena
amoena
amphimalaca
ampla
amplexicaulis
amplexicaulis
amplophylla
amygdaloides
amy gdaloides
anacampseroides
anacampsores
PHY TOL OG 2s
Roux & Blaise
Prokh,
Hook.
Boiss.
N.E Brown
N.£.Brown
(Urb.)
(Rydb.)
Taub.
Torr .&Gray
Boiss Diagn.
Nelson
Drake
Kern.
C.A.Mey.
Baill.
Boiss.
Miq.
Norton
Boiss.Diagn.
N.E.Brown
Boiss.Diagn.
Paulsen
N.E.Brown
N.E.Brown
Waldst.& Kit.
Leach
Schweinf.
Hie siele
Boiss.
Klotsch
(Millsp.)
Standley
Hook oie
Hook.f.
Ledeb.
Pax
Lam.
Linn,
Lam.
Bal.
1862
1933
1860
1915
1915
(1899)
1900
1896
1855
1887
1912
1753
1906
1903
1866
1830
1866
1860
1853
1900
1915
1922
1915
913
1955
196),
1899
1817
1860
19448
(191h)
1929
1862
1851
1788
1753
1788
1862
Vol. 28, no. 2
Jamaica
Soongana
C.of G.eHope
C.of G.Hope
Am.bor.:Nebr.,
Montana
Brasil
Calif.,Ariz.,
N.Mex.,Baja Cal.
Afr.austr.
Madag e
Madag.
Europ .austr Or.
Alger.
Am.bor.
Madag.
Sibir.
Augstal.
Brasil
Ind.or.
N.Mex. ,Ariz.,Mex.
Sibir)
Afr.austr.
As.min.:Syria
E.Tibet
C.of G.oHope
Angola
Cult.
Mozambique
Arab
Fla.,Pan.,Mex.
Mexico
Guiana
Honduras
Afr.tropo
Galapag.
Afr.trop.
Montpelier
Europ. ;0rient
Martinique
1974
anacampsores
anacantha
anagalloides
analamerae
anceps
ancyrensis
andersonii
andina
andongensis
andrachnoides
andrefandrovana
andromedae
androsaemifolia
androsaemifolia
androsaemifolia
androsaemoides
anegadensis
angolensis
angrae
angularis
angulata
angusta
angustata
angustiflora
angustifolia
angustifolia
angustifolia
angustifolia
angustifolia
angustifrons
anisopetala
ankaranae
ankarensis
annulata
anomala
anomala
anoplia
antankara
anthonyi
antiquorum
antiquorum
antiquorum
antiquorum
antisiphylitica
antso
antunesii
anychioides
apatzingana
aphylla
apicata
apiculata
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Boiss.Diagn.
Ait.
Baker
Leandri
Benth.
Aznov
Millsp.
Phil.
Hiern.
Schrenk
Ursch & Leandri
Millsp.
Presl.
(Schousb.) Willd.
Steud.
Dennst.
(Millsp.)
Pax
N.E.Brown
Engeln.
(Rochel) Borza
Pax
Buch.Ham.
Lockh.
Parodi
Sweet
Glaziou
Borb.
(Prokh.)
Leandri
Boiteau
Brandegee
Forsk.
Linn.
E.Mey.
Wall.
ZuccCe
Dennis
Pax
Boiss.
McVaugh
Brouss
Wheeler
Anders.
1890
19h5
1964
1900
1857
184
1900
(1914)
189),
1915
1859
1788
1859
199
1862
1881
1912
1886
(1930)
19h5
192
1939
1862
1908
1928
196
1899
L753
687
328-A
hu
288 -G
166
64-A
28 <A
2 93
1829-30 251
1921
1905
1860
1961
1936
1855
282-C
323.3
12h
Su-A
374
80-A
26
125
Asia Min.
Afr.austr.
Madag.
Madag.
Turcia
Galapag.
Chili
Afr.tropo
Cult.
Cuba
Lusitan,.
Bahamas
Angola
Gr.Namaq.
Zanzibar
Europ.med.
Texas
Romania
Afr.tropo
Nepal
Reg.Argent.
Minas Geraes
Hungary
Turkestan
Madag e
Madag.
Hab.?
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
Madag.
Baja Calif.
Ind.or.
Mexico
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Mex. , Michoacan
Teneriffa
Calif.inf.
Galapag.
126
apios
apocynifolia
apocynoides
aprica
apurimacensis
arabica
arabicoides
aragonensis
arahaka
aramophila
ararica
araucana
arborea
arborescens
arborescens
arborescens
arborescens
arborescens
arbuscula
arceuthobioides
arenaria
arenaria
arenaria
arenaria
arenarioides
arenicola
arequipensis
argillicola
argillosa
arguta
arida
ariensis
arillata
aristata
arizonica
arkansana
armata
armena
armena
armeniaca
armourii
armstrongiana
arnottiana
arrecta
arrecta
artaudiana
articulata
articulata
articulata
articulata
PSHVYeT07L, OG aA
Linn.
Small
K1.Seem.
Baill.
Croiz.
Hochst .&Steud.
NE Bre
Losc.& Pard.
H.Poisson
A.Cunn.
Jord.’
Phas
Boiss.
Hort.Angl.
Hort.Par.
E.Mey.
Roxb.
C.Sml.
Balf.
Boiss.
Engelm.& Grey
H.BeK.
Nutt.
Willd.
Gagnep.
Parish
(Croiz.)
Dinter
Chod of Hassl e
N.E.Br.
N.E.Br.
H.BeKe
Edgew.
Schmalk.
Engelm.
Engelm.& Grey
Thunb.
Boiss.
Prokh.
Boiss.
Millsp.
Boiss.
Endl.
NEBr.
N.E.Br.
DC.
Lam.
Anderss.
Aubl e
Dennst.
1753
1898
1856
1886
196
1862
1913
1912
1895
1862
1862
1888
1860
1845
1817
1837
1921
(195)
191)
1905
1915
1915
1817
187
1892
1859
1845
1866
1949
1879
1895
1862
1836
1914
1915
1788
1855
1775
Vol. 28, no. 2
Graecia,As.Min.
Florida
Panama
Madag °
Peru
Arabia, Abyss.
Angola
Madag.
Austr.
Chili
Synadenia
Socotra
Texas
N.Granat,Peru
Arkansas
Laos
Calif.
Peru
Afr.austr.e-occ.
Parag.
Graecia;Syria
C.of G.Hope
Mexico
Reg Cauc.
Arizona,Calif.,
N.Mex.,Sonora
Texas ,Colorado
Armen.
Yucatan
Australia
Hawaii
Rhodesia
C.ofG.Hope
Galapag.
Porto Rico
197
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
articulata (Britton)
artifolia N.E.Br.
artvinensis Bornmuller
arundelana Bartlett
arvalis Boiss.
arvensis Schleich.
ascendens Willd.
asclepiadea Milne-Kedhead
aserbajdzhanica Bordz.
aspera Bieb.
aspericaulis Pax
asperifolia Engelnm,.
assamica Hook.f.
astrachanica C.A.Meyer Claus
astrispina N.E.Bro
astroites Fisch.& Mey.
asturii Holuby
astyla Engelm.
atlantica Coss. ex Boiss.
atlantica Pers.
atlantis Maire
atoto Forst.f.
atoto Guill.
atrococca A.A.Heller
atropurpurea Brouss.
atrorubens Engelm.
atrosanguina Popp
aubryana Baill.
aucheri Boiss.Diagn.
aulacosperma Boiss.Diagn.
aureocincta Croiz.
aureola (Millsp.)
auricularia Boiss.
australis Boiss.
austriaca Kern.
austrina (Small) Jabl.
austroanatolica Hub-Mar & Kahn
austro-occidentalis Thellung
avasmontana Dinter
avenia Thibaut
azorica Hochst.
azorica Welw.
(1916)
1912
1911
1855
1862
1951
1928
1901
1862
1887
1851
1915
1891
1862
1862
1941
1837
1897
1805
1862
1860
1861-2
186
1855
19443
(1915)
1860
1860
1875
(1933)
1964,
1916
1928
1862
28
669-B
4,78
391-A
S67-A
552
86
300-X
388-A
490
297A
267
630-4
336
200
658-A
512
593
512A
6
a2
2-B
21
391
396
6<A
612
554
261-A
146-5
169
109
Lsl-A
561-A
5u3 <A
102-C
318-V
589
S75-A
S75-A
127
C.of G.Hope
Trancaucas.
Maryland
As.min.,Persia
Angola
Caucas.
Reg.Caucas.
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Himal.
Romania, USSR
C.of G.Hope
Mexico
Texas, Mex.,
Persia
As.,Austral.,
Pacif.
Hawaii
Teneriffa
Chile
N.Caled.
Persia
Syrnia
Parag. ,Jujuy
Calif.
Austral.
Europ.
Florida
Turcia
Hereroland
Afr.austr.occ.
1897
1930
1860
1862
1968
1860-1
(1901)
1909
1886
1860
1860
1925
1915
1951
1963
1965
1859
190
(193)
(1916)
1930
1965
1926
1941
1934
2912
1889
1930
1910
1862
1908
1908
196),
1936
187)
19,6
1933
181
1900
1889
128 P Hayet 0) LyONGeL 7A
bachmanii Pax
backeri JP or sl
baetica Boiss.
baga A.Cheval
bahiensis Boisse
bahlensis (K1.& Gke.)
bailloni Boisse
baja-californica (Millsp.)
bajeri Goyena
bakeriana Baswleles
balbisii Boiss.
balearica Poir
balfouri Sennen
baliola N.E.Br.
balkhanica Tarass.
ballyi S.Carter
balsamea Webs.
balsamifera Ait.
bancana Miq.
barbellata fngelm.
barbellata Hurusava
barberiana (Croiz.)
barbicaria (Millsp.)
barbicarina Standley
baribicollis Bally
barkeri Urb.& Ekm.
barnardi White & Sloan
barnhartii Croiz.
baroni Boj.
barrelieri Savi
barteri N.E.Br.
bartolomaei Greene
basarabica Prodan
baselicis Tenore
basutica Marloth
baueri Engelm.ex Boiss.
baumii Pax
batabanensis Urb.
baylissii Leach
bazargica Prodan
beaumierana Hook.f.& Cross.
becguersi
begoniaefolia Lehm.ex Steud.
beharensis Leandri
beillei A.Cheval.
bejariensis DC
belgradica Forsk.
bellica Hiern.
benedicta Greene
benguelensis Pax
1898
616-B
50-A
592
57
S7-A
289
286-B
117
589
326-5
331)
382-6
18 -A
26h,
Uo
So1-A
52—D
331—D
395-A
290-YY
652
323-16
Wh-A
6h7-A
652
355-C
70
433A
156-D
323-25
658-B
320-A
179
323-62
227
318 -L
433-A
Vol. 28, no. 2
Afr.trop.
Java
Gibraltar
Sudan.Gall.
Brasil
Malag.
Nicaragua
Madag.
Bahamas
Lusit.,Hispan.
Hispan.
Gr .Namaq.
Turkmenia
Somaliland
Afr.trope
Canari
Ins .Banca
Mexico
Manchur.
Parag.,N.Reg.
Somaliland
Haiti
Transvaal.
Ital.
Nigeria
L.Calif.
Ruman.
Afr.austr.
Austral.
Afr.tropo
Cuba
Mozambique
Ruman. y Bulg.
Morocc.
China
Hab.?
Madag e
Afr.Gall.Centr.
Texas
Byzant.,Serb.
Afr.trop.
Calif.,S.Benik
Isl.,Pittonia
Afr.austr.
1974
benoisti
benthami
berberiana
bergeri
bergeriana
bergii
bermudiana
berotica
berteriana
bertheloti
berythea
bessarabica
besseri
betacea
bevilaniensis
biaculeata
bialata
bicapitata
bicephala
bicolor
biconvexa
bifida
bifida
biformis
bifurcata
biglandulosa
biglandulosa
biglandulosa
bilobata
bilocularis
bimensis
biramensis
bisserrata
bileaui
biumbellata
biumbellata
biuncinalis
bivonae
blancheti
blepharophylla
blepharostipula
blodgettii
bodinieri
boerhaavioides
boerrhavifolia
boetica
boinensis
boissieri
boissieriana
boiteaui
boivini
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Leandri
Hiern.
Croiz.
N.E.Br.
Dinter
A.White, D.,S.
Millsp.
N.E.Br.
Balb.
Bolle ex Boiss.
Boiss.& Blanch.
Klokov
Boiss.
Baill.
Croiz.
Denis
Link
T.S.Brandegee
Bertol.
Engelm.& Gray
Domin
Hook.& Arn.
Thw.
Wats.
Engelm.
Boiss.
Desf.
Willd.
Engelm.
NE .Br.
Miq.
Urb.
Millsp.
Poir.
Un. ex Boiss.
McVaugh
Steud.
Miq.
C.A.Mey.
Millsp.ex Rose
1947
19L3
1915
191)
1941
1900
1912
1862
1955
1862
1886
193k
1921
ear:
185
1927
1927
1882-3
1859
1862
1808
1859
1930
1890
1862
1961
18h9
1890
Engelm.ex Hitch. 1893
Leveille & yaniot 1906
Rusby 1907
Boiss. 1862
Boiss. ‘ 1860
Denis ex Leandri 1935
Baill. 1860-1
(Woronow)Prokh. 199
Leandri 19,6
Boiss. 1862
323
381-A
US-E
290
183
129
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.-occ.
Orange Free St.
Bermuda
Angola
Ind.occ.
Ins.Canar.
Syria
Bessarab.
Chili
Madag.
Madag.
Madag .
Lusitania
Mexico
W.l.
Ark. ,Texas
Queensland
China
Mexico
N.Mexico
Medit.
Graecia,As.min.
N.Mexico
Afr.Brit.or
Java
Cuba
L.Calif.
Afr.bor.
Sicil, Cupani
Mexico
Afr.bor.,Sicil.
Brasil
Soongaria
L.Calif.
Bahamas
China
Boliv.
Am.centr.
Hispan.
Madag.
Madag .
Madag.
Madag.
130
bojeri
boliviana
bolusii
bombaiensis
bombensis
bongensis
bonifaciensis
bonplandii
boophthona
borbonica
borodini
borszczowii
bosseri
bothriosperma
botryoides
bottae
bougheyi
bouleyi
bounophila
bourgaeana
bracei
brachiata
brachiata
brachycera
brachyphylla
brachypoda
bracteata
bracteolaris
brakdanensis
brandegeei
brasiliensis
braunsii
bravoana
breoni
breviarticulata
brevicornu
brevirama
brevis
brevitorta
bridgesii
briquetii
brittingeri
brittonii
brochoni
broteri
broussoneti
brownii
brunellii
bryophylla
bubalina
buchanani
PoHOY TiO0G O:G7 Tek
Hook.
Rusby
N.E Fr.
Santapau
Jacq.
Kotschy & Peyr.
Requien
Sweet
C.A.Gardner
Boiss.
Sambuk
Prokh.
Leandri
Boiss.& Kotschy
Noronha
Boiss.
Leach
S.Moore
Boiss.
J .Gay.ex Boiss.
Millsp.
Jan.
E oMey
Engelm.
Denis
(Small)
Jacq.
Boiss.
N.E.Brown
Millsp.
Lam.
N.E.Br.
Svent.
Ann.F1.& Pom
Pax
Pax
N.E.Br.
N.E.Br.
Bally
Bert.ex Boiss.
Emberger & Maire
Opiz ex Reichb.
Millsp.
Deysson
Daveau
Willd.ex Link
Baill.
Chiov.
Donn .Smith
Boiss.
Pax
1907
1915
195h
1760
192
1862
1928
1949
1965
1860
1790
1860
196),
1920
1862
1862
1906
1862
1859
1921
(1903)
180),
1860
1915
1889
1788
1915
195,
1833
1905
1909
1915
1911
1959
1929
1906
1908
1885
1866
1951
1913
1860
1901
Vol. 28, no. 2
Madag.
Boliv.
Transvaal.
Bengal
Am.centr.
Afr.trop.
Medit.
Mexico
Ins.Borbon
Rossia
Rossia,Saratov.
Madag.
Armenia
Java
Arabia
Mozambique
N.W.Austral.
Persia
Ins.Teneriff.
Bahamas
Europe
Afr.aust.
N.Mexico
Madag.
Florida
India or.
Little Namaq.
Calif.,Magd.Isl.
Am.trope
Cape
Ins .Canar.
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Afr.trop.
Angola
Kenya Col.
Chili
Marocc.
S.W.Kuropo
Bahamas
E.Portugal
Teneriff.
Austral.
Abysso
Guatem.
Afr.austr.
Afr.trop.
1974
buchtormensis
budensis
buhsei
bulleyana
bungei
bupleurifolia
bupleurifolia
bupleuroides
bupleuroides
bupleuroides
bupleuroides
burchelli
burmanica
burmanni
burmanniana
buruana
buschiana
bussei
buxifolia
buxoides
cactus
cadrilateri
caducifolia
caecorum
caerulescens
caesaraugustana
caesia
caespitosa
caespitosa
cajogala
calabrica
calabrica
calcarea
calcicola
calderensis
calendulaefolia
californica
californica
calliadenia
callirichoides
callitrichoides
calonesiaca
calva
calyciflora
calycina
calyculata
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
C.A.Mey.
T.Simon
Boiss.
Diels
Boiss.
Jacq.
E.Mey.
Diels
Desf.
Willd.é& Boiss.
Willd.ex Ledeb.
Mull.Arg.
Grosch,
Pax
Lam.
A.R.Sm.
Ehrenb.ex Boiss.
Prodan
Haines
Mart.& Boiss.
Haw.
Auct.ex Willk.
Kar & Kir
Lam.
Tenore
Ehrh.
Burkill.
Huter.Porta,
Coss.& Dur.
Fern.
Phil.
Delile
Benth.
Boiss.
Engelm.ex Boiss.
H.B.K.
Schau.
Croiz.
N.E.Br.
Sesse & Moc.
N.E.Br.
H.B.K.
1949
1862
i9ie
1862
1797
1912
1862
1874
1886
1862
1901
1940
1901
1788
ateyyal
1862
1953
191L
1862
181
1788
1783
1901
1907
1854
1901
1895
184
1860
1862
1817
1847
1938
1911
189
1912
1817
48h
659
443-C
450
357
35
443-C
593
630
633-A
150-A
157-B
272
131
Sibir.
Hungary
Persia
China (Yunnan)
Persia
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
China (Yunnan)
Afr.bor.
Goyaz
Burma
Afr.austr.
Totius Orbis
Afr.trop.
Afr.trop.
Wolo
New Guinea
Arabia
Ruman.
Ind.or.(Centr.
Prov) Pakistan
Brasil.
Cape
Hispan.
Afr.trop.
Ital.
Mexico,Morelos
Chili
Calif.
Cameroon
Portoric.
Sudan.
Mexico
132
calyptrata
camaguayensis
cambodiana
cameronii
campestris
canaliculata
canaliculata
canaliculata
canariensis
canariensis
canariensis
canariensis
candelabrum
canescens
canophylla
cantabrica
canterviflora
canuti
capansa
capansa
capazii
caperonioides
capillaris
capitata
capitata
capitellata
capitulata
captiosa
capuronii
capuronii
caput -aurem
caput -medusae
caracasana
cardiophylla
careyi
carinata
carinifolia
carinthiaca
carissoides
carmenensis
carniolica
carniolica
carniolica
carniolica
carnosa
carpasus
carpatica
carteriana
carthaginensis
carullae
carunculata
PHY TOL OG A
Coss.& Dur,
Urb.
Lecomte
Nee Bie
Cham.&Schlecht.
Lam,
Lodd,.
Pers.
Forsk.
Linn. ~
Thunb.
Tremaux.
Tremaux.
Linn.
Croiz.
Rouy
N.E.Br.
Parl.
Ducke
Leandri
Caballero
Dyer. ,Mey.
Gagnep.
Buch. -Ham.
Lam.
Leandri
Boiss.
Boiss.& Heldr.
F.Muller
Donn.
N.E.Br.
Traunf ex Boiss.
F.M.Bailey
Rose
Brot.
DC.
Jacq.
Lapeyr.
Paulsen
Ehrenb.ex Boiss.
Woloszczak
Bally
Porta & Rigo
Sennen
Waterf.
1857
1924
1911
1911
1830
1788
L753
1857
1753
1939
1883
1915
1938
323-67
1935
1966
1921
1788
1859
1915
1955
1957
1921
1753
1862
1853
1827
palit
1862
1906
1892
1778
1906
1862
1892
196),
1891
1922
19,8
Vol. 28, no. 2
435 Algeria
43-C Cuba
Indochina
290-C Nyasaland
579 Mexico
32 Insl.Canar,.
184
317
31h Insl.Canar.
316
310 323.15
319 Afr.trop.
101
260-A
Loh
C.of G.Hope
,82-B Alp.mari.
323-67 Brasil. (Amaz.)
Brasil
Morocc.
382-A
Soh Siam,Laos,Phil,
37-A
43
L6-D Mexico,Arizona
52h Thessal,Graecia
337-A C.of G.Hope
323-67 Cult.
323-67 Madag.
287-A Madag.
326 Afr.austr.
215 Venezuela
98 lycia
Australia
Trinidad
67-8 Angola
454
Austral.
16-A Ins.Carmen.
592-A
510
507 Tyrol
481
Turkestan
379
476-C Carpath.
326-B Somaliland
Hispan.
625-A Hispan.
169-A Oklahoma ,Texas
1974
cashmeriana
cassia
cassioides
cassythoides
catamarcensis
caterviflora
cattimandoo
cavaleriei
caudata
caudiculosa
cayensis
cebrina
cechica
celastroides
celerieri
centunculoides
ceratocarpa
cerebrina
cereiformis
cerifera
cerinthifolia
cernua
ceroderma
cervicornis
cervicornu
cespitosa
cestrifolia
chaborasia
chaculana
chaetocalyx
chaixiana
chalicophyla
chamaebuxus
chamaecaula
chamaeclada
chamaecormos
chamaepeplus
chamaepeploides
chamaerrhodos
chamaesyce
chamberlini
chamissonis
chamoecise
chancoana
characias
characias
characias
chasmophyla
cheiradenia
cheirolepis
cheirolepioides
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Royle
Boiss. 1853
F.M Bailey 1906
Boiss. 1860
(Croiz.) (1943)
N.E.Br. 1915
Well. |
Leveille & Vaniot 1906
Boiss.& Haussk. 1866
Bois. 1862
Millsp. 190
Hochst. 1860
Opiz
Boiss. 1862
Emberger 1953
Hin steitive 1817
Tenore
Hochst.ex Boiss. 1862
Linn. 1753
Alcocer LOST
Fisch.ex Boiss. 1862
Coss.& Dur. 1862
Johnston 1924
Boiss. 1860
Baill. 1890
Lam.
H.BeKe 1817
Gombault 1956
Donn. Sn. 1899
(Wooton & Standl.)1935
Timb. 1856
Weatherby 1910
Bernard
Weatherby 1910
Ule 1908
Chiov.
Boiss.& Gaill. 1859
Lotsy 1895
Boiss. 1860
Linn. Liss
Johnston 192),
Boiss. 1862
St.Amans
Vorosh, 1961
Host.
Linn. 1753
Sibth.& S.
Rech, 1951
Boiss.& Hohen 1853
Fisch.& Mey. 1839
Rechinger 1855
472
543
Lg
279
173-D
297-B
312
552
613
20-B
133
Syria
Austral.
Cuba,Santo Dom.
Argentina
C.of G.Hope
China
Syria
Bahamas
Hawaii
Cuba
Sicil.
Abyss.
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Algeria
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Congo Gall.
Reg .Argent.
Peru
Syria
Guatemala
Mexico
Mont .Pyren.
Mexico
Brasil
Somaliland
Palestina
Guatem.
Brasil.merid.
Reg.Medit.
Calif.
Ins .Fiji
Fl.Agen.
Sibir.or.
Reg.Medit.occ.
Persia
Turcomania
Persia
134
chenopodifolia
chersina
chesneyi
chiapensis
chilensis
chilensis
chioera
chiogenes
chiogenoides
chrysochaeta
chrysocoma
chrysophylla
cibdela
ciliata
cilicica
ciliolata
cinerascens
cinerea
cirsioides
clandestina
clarionensis
clarkeana
clava
clavarioides
clavata
clavidigitata
clavigera
clavigera
claytonioides
clementei
clementei
clementii
cleopatra
clivicola
clusiaefolia
clutioides
coccinea
coccinea
coderiana
codecorum
coeladenia
coerulans
coerulescens
cofradiana
coghlani
cognata
colimae
colletioides
colliculina
collina
collina
PRY TOL 0 Gra
Boiss. 1866
N.E.bBr. 1915
Boiss. 1862
Brandegee 191)
Gay,C 18h9
Echeg.
Lipsky
(Small) (1903)
Rusby 1920
W,V.Fitzg. 1918
Leveille & Vaniot 1906
R.E. ex Boiss. 1862
N.E.Br. 1915
Spreng.
Boiss. 1859
Pax
Engeln. 1859
W.V.Fitzg.
Const. & Gall. 1905
Jacq. 180),
Brandegee 1899
Hook.f. 1887
Jacq.
Boiss. 1860
Salisb.
Gage 191)
N.E.Br. 1915
Lacaita 1928
Pax 1897
Boiss. 1838
Bourg.ex Boiss. 1862
Domin. 1927
Baill. 1861-a
R.A.Dyer 1851
Hook.& Arn.
(Forst.f.) 192
Roth,
Willd.ex Boiss. 1862
DC. 525
Mill.arg. 1874
Boiss.Diagn. 1859
Pax 1898
Haw. 1827
Brandegee 1905
F.M.Bailey
Boiss. 1862
Rose, J.N. 1895
Benth. 18),
A.White, DC. 1941
Phi. 1857-8
Willd.
323-12X
aL
112
259
173-C
436
323 -B
315-A
200-B
68
200=C
4Su-A
353-K
402
163-B
Vol. 28, no. 2
Bolivia
Gr.Namaq.
Assyria
Mexico
Chili
Caucasus
Florida
Colombia
W.Austral.
China
Brasil
Gr .Namaq.
Hab.?
Afr.austr.
Texas ,Mexico
Australia
Madag.
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Ind.bor.occ.
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
Burma
Burma
Swaziland
Hispan.
Afr.trop.
Hispan.
N.W.Austr.
N.Caledonia
Transvaal.
Hawaii
Austr.
Ind.or.
Beluchist.
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Australia
Himal.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Chili
197k
collina
colorata
columnaris
comans
commelini
commersonii
commiphoroides
commutata
comonduana
comosa
compacta
complanata
complexa
compressa
conceptionis
condensata
condylocarpa
conferta
confertiflora
confinalis
confluens
conformis
confusa
congenera
congesta
conifera
coniosperma
conjuncta
connata
consanguinea
consanguinea
consanguinea
consobrina
consoquitlae
conspicua
contorta
controversa
convolvuloides
cooperi
copiapina
corallifera
coralloides
coralloides
corallothamus
cordata
cordata
cordata
cordellata
cordifolia
cordifolia
coriacea
Jablonski,
Brandegee
Engelm.
Bally
W.V.Fitzg.
Dinter
Engelm.ex Gray
Millsp.
Vell.
C.Moore
Warb.
Dyer
Boiss.
Rupr.ex Boiss.
Fisch.ex Bieb,
Bieb.ex Bieb.
(Small)
Volkens
Dyer
Nel.
N.E.Br.
Blume ex Boiss.
Blume
Willd.
Steph.ex Boiss.
Boiss.& Buhse
Brandegee
N.E.Br.
Leach
N.E.Br.
Hochst.ex Boiss.
N.E.Br.
Phas
M.E.Jones
Linn,
Thunb.& Boiss.
Dinter
Meyer |
Larranaga
Schrank
Haw.
E11.Sketch
C.A.Mey.
C.Koch
1911
1964,
1918
1886
1909
1856
1889
1825
1895
1894
1937
1862
1862
1808
(1903)
1899
1933
1912
1862
1925
1862
1860
1887
1862
1862
181
1911
1920
1912
196),
1862
1915
1857
1933-5
1753
1930
1843
1923
1860
18,8
Catalogus Euphorbiarum
163-A
265
323-Xx
326
262-L
376-C
561
237
135
Mexico
Mexico
Somaliland
W.Austral.
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Am.bor.
L.Calif.
Brasil
Ins.Pacif.
Oceania
Transvaal
Venezuela
Armenia
Florida
Afr.trop.
Transvaal.
Little Namaq.
Angola
Malaya
Persia
Calif.
Persia
Sibir.
Nubio
Mexico
Angola
Mozambiq.
Abyss.
Afr.trop.
Natal.
Chili
Calif.inf.
Italia
Afr.austr.occ.
Hawaii
Uruguay
America bor.
Persia
136
coriariaefolia
corifolia
corniculata
cornigera
cornuta
corollata
coronata
correntina
corrigioloides
corsica
corymbosa
corynoclada
cosinosperma
cossoniana
costata
costeana
cottampala
cotinifolia
cotinoides
cotylifera
cotylophora
coudercii
cowellii
cozumelensis
craspedia
crassinoides
crassipes
crenulata
crepitata
cretica
cretophila
crispata
crispata
cristate
cristata
cristata
croizati
croizati
crossadenia
crotonoides
cruentata
cryptospinosa
csatoi
cuatrecasasii
cubensis
cuchumatanensis
cucumerina
culminicola
cumbrae
cumulata
P ROY TOL OG 1l-k
Boisse
Lam.
Dyer
Boiss.
Pers.
Linn.
thunb.
Parodi
Boiss.
Requien
N.E.Br.
F.Mull.
Reichb.
Boiss.
Schur
Rouy
Rheed.
Linn.
Miq.
Steud. Sphalm.
Spreng.
Gagnep.
(Millsp.)
Millsp.
Boiss.
Urb.
Marloth
Engelm.
Wheeler
Mill.
Klokov.
Hornem.
Lem.
Heyne ex Roth
Roth.
Dietrich
Leandri
(Hurusawa)
Pax & K.Hoffm.
Boiss.
Grah.
Bally
(Simonkai)
Pau
Boiss.
Standl.& Stey.
Willd.
A.Molina
Boiss.
Dyer
1862
1788
199
1862
1753
1881
1860
1825
1915
1886
1862
1852
1910
1753
1850
1800
1921
(1916)
1900
18,2
1899
1909
1859
1939
1955
1857
1821
196
1956
1923
1862
1832
1963
1949
1929
1866
19h
1965
1860
3932
Vol, 28, no. 2
Afr.austr.
Afr.Lusil.or.
Aegypt, Arab.
Am.bor.
Afr.austr.
Reg. Argent.
Ind.or.
Ins.Corsica
ceof G.Hope
Austral.
Alger.
Transylvania
Gallia
India occ.
Guian. , Surinam
Hab.?
Cambod.
Porto Rico
Amer.Cent.,
Cozumel Isl.
Syria
Cuba
Afr.austr.
Mexico, Coahuila
Ukraina
India or.
India
Madag.
Bahia
Nubia
Am.bor.,Missouri
Kenya
Hispan °
Cuba
Guatemala
Afr .austr.
Honduras
Mexico
Afr.austr.
1974
cumulicola
cuneata
cuneata
cuneifolia
cuneifolia
cupani
cupani
cyphosperma
cupularis
currori
curtifolia
curtisii
curvirama
cussonioides
cuspidata
cuspidata
cyanophylla
cyanogala
cyathophora
cybirensis
cylindrica
dalechampii
dallachyana
dalmatica
damascena
daphnoides
daphnoides
darbandensis
darlingtonii
dasycarpa
dasyclada
daviesii
davyi
dawei
decariana
decaryi
decepta
decidua
decipiens
decorsei
decumbens
decussata
decussata
deflexa
defoliata
degeneri
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
(Small)
Vahl.
Anders.
Guss.
Roxb.
Guss.
Schultz
Boiss.
Boiss.
N.E.Br.
Chaub.
Engelm.in Chapm.
Dyer
Bally
Bernh,
Bertol. ,
Leveille
Wright ex Griseb
Murr.
Boiss.
W.DS
Haw.
Baill.
Vis.
Boiss.
Balf.
Baill.
N.u Br.
A.Gray
Coss.
Dusen
E.A.Bruce
N.E.Br.
N.E.B8r.
Croiz.
Guillaumin
NoS.Br.
Bally & Leach
Boiss.& Buhse
Drake
Willd.
E.Mey.
Salisb.
Sibth.& Sm.
Urb.
Sherff
(1833)
1862
1860
1911
1931
1958
1845
eee
1786
182
1941
1866
1866
1853
1877
k877
1913
188
1875
191)
190
1915
1912
1934
193k
1915
1850
1903
1862
1912
1936
72-B
379
379
532
137
Florida
Arabia
Medit.
Sicil. ,Sardino
Mexico
Angalo
Am.bor.
Afr.austr.
Kenya col.
China
Cuba
Cult.
Medit.
Cape
Australia
Ins.Mascar.
Madag.
French Cent.Afr.
Am.bor.
Morocc.
Patagonia
Tanganika Terr.
Transvaal,
Uganda
Madag .
Madag.
Cape
S.Cent.Afr.
Persia
Madag.
Afr.austr.
Graecia
Sto .Domingo
Madag °
138
deightonii
dejecta
dekindtii
delicatula
delorti
delphinensis
deltobracteata
deltoidea
demnatensis
dendroides
denisiana
densa
densa
densiflora
densifolia
densiuscula
dentata
dentosa
denticulata
denudata
depauperata
deppeana
depressa
depressa
depressa
deseglisei
desertorum
desmondi
dichotoma
dichotoma
dictyosperma
didiereoides
diffusa
diffusa
diffusa
digitata
dilatata
dilatata
dilatata
dimorphocaulon
dinteri
dioeca
dioica
dioscoreoides
disclusa
discoidalis
discolor
discolor
discolor
discolor
discolor
PBT. OG. O16 A
Croiz.
N.# Br.
Pax
Boiss.
Timb.ex Nym.
Ursch.& Leandri
Prokh.
Engelm.ex Chapm.
Coss.
Linn.
Guillaumin
Schott .& Kotschy
Schrenk
ele
C.Koch
Popov.
Michx.
J.M.Johnston
Lam.
Bertol.
Hochst.
Boiss.
C .Gay
iene
Torr.ex Spreng.
Bor.ex Boiss.
Weinm.
Keey
Roxh.
Forsk.
Fisch.& Mey.
Denis
J.D. Hook
Jacq.Misc.
L.Dufour
S.Wats.
Torr.et Gray
E.Mey.
Hochst.
P.H.Duc
A.Berger
His BieKee
Hieron.
Boiss.
N.E.Br.
Chapm.
Boiss.
Shuttler
Bertol.
Kl.ex Boixx.
Ledeb.
1938
aA
1860
1955
1933
1897
1888
1753
1929
1845
1862
1849
1923
1893
1922
1788
18h1
1850
1860
1862
1837
1955
193k
1851
1851
1891
1857
1940
1906
1817
1860
1912
1860
1862
1862
1862
Vol. 28, no. 2
Sierre Leone
Nyasaland
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Madag.
Florida
Marocc.
Medit.
Madag.
Persia
Mexico
Caucasus
Bokhara
Am.bor.
Asia Min.,Syria
Abyss.
Calif.
Rossia
Nigeria
India
Egypt
Am.bor.
Madag.
Galapagos
Galapagos
Mexico
Abyss.
Creta,Cypr.
Germany S.W.
Argent.
Mexico
Afr.trope
Florida
Am.centr.
Rossia
1974
discreta
dissimilis
distans
disticha
distincta
distincta
distinguenda
diuretica
divaricata
divaricata
divergens
divergens
diversifolia
diversifolia
diversifolia
diversifolia
djimilensis
djurensis
dobrogensis
domingensis
dominii
dorsiventralis
dracunculoides
drastica
dregeana
drummondii
drupacea
drupifera
dubia
duckei
duclouxii
dugandiana
dulcis
dulcis
dulcis
dulcis
dulcis
dulcis
dumentorum
dumosa
dumosa
dumosa
durandoi
durani
duriuscula
duseimata
dussii
duvalii
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
N.E.Br.
Cordemoy
W.V.fitzg.
Engelm.ex Boiss.
Stschegleaf
Schur
Schur
Laranaga
Jacq.
A.Cunn.ex Benth.
Kl.
Kl.
Schrad.ex Steud.
Willd.ex Boiss.
Hochst .ex
Poir.
Boiss.
Schweinf.
Prodan
Spreng.& Boiss.
Rohl.
Urb.
Lam.
Sievers
E.Mey.
Boiss.
Stapf.
Thonn.
Dierb.
(Croiz.)
Leveille & Vaniot 1908
(Croiz.)
Asso
Bertol.
Jacq.
Ruegel ex Boiss.
Linn,
Sibth.& Sm.
Coss.& Dur.
Boiss.
E.Mey.
A.Rich.
Chabert.
Ursch.& Leandri
P.& Ho
Dyer
Krug & Urb.
Lecoq & Lamotte
1915
1895
1918
1862
1854
1853
1852
1923
1862
1862
1879
1894,
1936
1862
190
1908
1788
1892
1860
1906
193
193
1862
1753
1862
1853
1900
1955
1945
1934
1896
354
106A
93
639
USu-A
4S4-A
427
51-3
621
620
625
259
575
615-A
509=-A
257-A
595
58
158-J
551-A
483
owe!
108
296
296
520
50-A
43-D
139
Ponololand
Ins.Borb La Ren.
W.Austr.
Urug.
Austral.
As.min.
Afr.trop.
Montenegro
Cuba
As.Afr.tropo
Afr .austre
Austral.
Afr.trop.
Paraguay
China
Colombia
Italia
Europe
Afr.aust.
Alger.
Madag.Cult.
Bolivia
Betschuanaland
Martinique
Gallia
140
eanophylla
ebracteolata
echinata
echinocarpa
echinocarpa
echinus
ecklonii
ecorniculata
edgeworthii
edmondii
edulis
edulis
eendornensis
effusa
eggersii
ehrenbergii
eichleri
elastica
elastica
elastica
elastica
elastica
elata
elegans
elegans
ellenbeckii
ellioti
elliptica
elliptica
elodes
elongata
elquiensii
elwendica
elymaitica
emarginata
emarginata
emarginata
emarginata
emetica
emirnensis
emodi
enalla
engelmanni
engleri
engleriana
enneagona
enopla
enormis
ensifolia
enterophopra
ephedroides
Pro YD OrL OvG: Tek
Croiz. 1939 260-A
Hayata At
Salm - Dyck 335
Brot. 183 179
Sieber ex Boiss. 1862 6)
Hook.f. & Coss. 187) 320-B
Kl. & Gke. 1843 358-B
Kitamura 1958 658-B
Boiss. 1862 471
Hochst.
Lour. 29
Sesse & Moc. 1887-90
Dinter 1932 326-H
Ehrenb.ex Boiss. 1862 256
Urb. 1899 Su7
Sweet 625
Mull.Arg. 1874 136-A
Dinter 1938 371-A
Poisson & Pax 1902
Marloth TAO) «shal
Jumelle
Altamirano 1905 11-A
Brandegee 1914 213-3
Heyne 39-A
Spreng. 36
Pax 323.09
Leandri 1945 288-L
Boiss. 1860 22)
Thunb. 360
Boiss. 1860 oh
Poir. 593
Phils 1895 O2=A
Stapf. 1886 601-A
Bornmuller 1911 601-A
Ait 1789 = 481
(K1.& Gke.) Croiz 193 91-A
Boiss. 1862 91
Lam. 1788 116
Padilla 1905
Baker 1883 63h-A
Hook.f. 1887 111=A
Brandegee 191, 281-A
Boiss. 1860 138
Pax 1895 67.6
Dinter Ae /PALL 352-—D
Haw. 335
Boiss. 1860 338
N.E.Br. 1915 = 323-¥
Baker 1883 551-A
Drake 1899 300-D
E.Mey. 1862 273
Vol. 28, no. 2
Bolivia
Japan
Marocc.
Cape
Afgan.
Himalaya
Afr.bor.
Cochinch
Mexico
Gr .Namag.
Wolo
Argent.
Namaland
Afr .tropoOCCe
Afr.austo
Madag.
Mexico
Mexico
Ind.or.
Afr .tropo
Madag.
Peru
Afr.aust.
Brasil
Chad
Asia occ.
Persia
Brasil
Peru
Am.Centr.
Madag.
Reg Himal.
Mexico
Afr.trop.or.
Afr.austr.occ.
Afr.austr.
Transvaal.
Madag e
Madag.
Afr.austr.
1974
ephedromorpha
epicyparissias
epicyparissias
epicyparissias
epiphylloides
epithymoides
epithymoides
epithymoides
epithymoides
epithymoides
equisetiformis
eranthes
erecta
eremica
eremocarpus
eremophila
eriantha
ericetorum
ericifolia
ericoides
erinacea
eriocarpa
erioclada
erioclada
eriogonoides
eriophora
eriophylla
erlangeri
ernesti
erosa
erubescens
erubescens
erythradenia
erythrantha
erythraea
erythraea
erythrina
erythrocarpa
erythrocephala
erythroclada
erythrocoma
erythrodon
erythrophylla
erythrorhiza
erythroxyloides
esculenta
espinosa
espirituensis
esquitolii
esula
Jablonski, Catalogus Evphorbiarum
Bartlett
Krauss
E. Mey.
E.Mey.
Kurz
j ‘at be
Bab.
Brot.
Linn.
Jacqo
Stewart
R.A.Dyer & Mal.
(Lunell)Jabl.
Jepson
Pharm.
A.Cunn.ex Hook.
Benth.
Lam.
Boiss.& Kotschy
Bertol.
Boiss.& Heldr.
Sart.ex Nym.
Small
Boiss Diagn.
Kar.& Kir.
Boiss Diagn.
iE oMey.
Boiss Diagn.
F.Muell.
Boiss.
Leveille
Boiss.
Bertol.
Boiss.
Baker
Marloth
Pax
M,E.Jones
Leveille & Van.
Bisb.
1907
1862
1860
1862
1873
1753
ia
1937
(1910)
1925
18h)
1788
1839
1898
1944
181
190),
1915
1809
18,7
1862
1846
1891
Le
1951
1862
1913
1853
1862
1883
1908
189),
1933
1906
219-A
666
668
665
512-A
LSy-A
709
492
49h
30-C
433-D
161-8
72-D
255-A
255
266
636-A
66,
S21
681-A
496
530-A
391-C
60
Guatem.
Afr.austr.
Ins.Adam.
F1.Bath
Europ.
Galapagos
N.Rhodesia
N.Dakota
Calif.
Austral.
Calif.
Italia
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.
Syria
Georgia
As.Min.,Persia
Afr.trop.
Cape
Afr.austr.
Persia
China
Afr.austr.
Guiana
N.Rhodesia
Ind.ore
Yunnan
As.Min.
Brasil
Madag.
Afr.austr.
Afr .trop.ore,
China.
S Calif inte
1h2 PHY Ts O5L, O56 17k Vol. 28, no. 2
esula Forsk. 615
esula Kotschy 1862 634
esula Linn. 1753 637 Europe
esula Pollich 658
esula Tenore 643
esulaeformis Schauer 1847 519-B
esuloides Velen. 1886 658-A Bulg.
esuloides Tenore 636
esulo-lucida Andrae 1855 637-A Ruman.
euboea Halacsy L75=A Graecia
eugeniae Prokh. 1947 76-A Caucas.
eumymordes Baker 1921 286-C
euonymoclada Croiz. 1940 81-3 N.Guin.
euryops Bullock 1932 665-A Afr.trop.ore
eustacei N.E.Bro 1913 327-A Cape
evansii Pax 1909 =. 3323.0.15 Transvaal.
evonymicarpa Chad.& Willez. 1902 396-A Reg.Argent.
excelsa A.White & Sloan 191 316-A Transvaal.
excisa Urb.& Englm. 1929 80 Haiti
exclusa S.Wats. 1882-3 Mexico
exigua Linn. 1753 5u9 Europ.
exserta (Small1)B.E.Smith 1946 10-A
exspansa Janka 1859-60 504
exstipulata Engelnm. 1859 179 Texas
exumensis (Millsp.) (1909) 20-5 Bahamas
eylesii Rendle 1905 80-C Afr.trop.
fageliaefolia Boiss. 1866 187-A
falcata Linn. 1753 552 Medit.As.
falsa N.E.Br. 1915 332-A
famata Sakalaves 286-C
fallax Deysson 1908 5S7h-A
fasciculata Thunb. 1908 707 Afr.austr.
fastuosa Sesse & Moc. 1887-90 Mexico
fauriei Leveille & Vaniot 1908 3-6 Corea
feddemae McVaugh. 1961 Su-D Michoacan
fendleri Torr.& Gray 1855 120 S.W.U.S.,N.lex.
ferdinandi Baill. 1866 108-3 N.Austr.
ferganensis Fedtsch 1916 h7-A Turkestan
ferox Marloth 1913 338-A Cape
festiva Sherff 1936 S-A Hawaii
fianarantsoae Ursch & Leandri 1955 288-J Madag.Cult.
fidjiana Boiss. 1862 430 Fidji
fieldii Shiriaev 1950 Iraq
fierowi Woronov 190 Transcauc.
(Georgia»
figerti Dorfler 1902 Austria
fiha Decary 1921 Madag.
1974
fiherensis
filicaulis
filicina
filiflora
filifolia
filiformis
filipes
fimbriata
fimbriata
fimbriata
fimbriata
fimbrilligera
finlaysonii
firma
fischeri
fischeriana
flabellaris
flagelliformis
flamandi
flanagani
flavicoma
flavopurpurea
fleckii
flerowi
fleuroti
flexicaulis
flexuosa
floccosiuscula
floresii
floribunda
florida
floridana
fodhliana
foetida
foetida
foliata
foliilua
foliosa
fontanesii
forbesii
formosana
forskalei
forskalii
fortuita
fossulata
foveolata
fragifera
fragifera
fragilis
franchetti
franckiana
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
H.Poisson 1912
Urb. 192),
Portenschl.
Marloth 1921
Glaziou 1912
Benth.
Heyne ex Roth
Hort. 1862
Scop. 1788
Wall.ex Boiss. 1866
Mart. 18,7
J M.Black 1935
Ledeb.
Pax 1894,
Steud.
Anders ex Boiss. 1862
(Rydb.) (1906)
Battand.
Nenebra 1915
DC.
Willk. 1875
Pax 1898
Woronow ex Flerov
Jord.
Scheele 18,9
Ha BieiKte 1817
M.E.Jones 1929
Standley 1935
Engelm. 1859
Engelm. 1859
Chapm.
Defiers
Hoppe ex Koch
Schult.
Buch. -Ham.
Ule 1908
N.E.Br. 1915
Steud.
Sherff. 1936
Hayata about
Bourg.ex Boiss. 1862
J.Gay. ,W.B. 1850
A.White, WB. 1941
Boiss.ex Gaill. 1859
Radlkofer 1913
Jan.ex Link 1818
Schur
Decne 1834
B.Fedtsch 1915
A.Berger 1907
373-C
149-D
64
326-A
174-B
37-A
303-A
333
37-B
198
656
103-A
Ls
25
350-A
354-D
510
270-A
637
80-B
20-B
114-6
279-A
122
i053:
392
317-A
526
525
157.
669-A
260
1-B
98
102-A
353-H
55h
492
S4-B
98
552-A
316-C
143
Madag.
Cuba
Dalmat.
Namaqual.
Brasil
Austr.
centr.Austr.
Afr.trop. ore
Galapagos
Am.bor.occ.
Afr.bor.
Cape
Hispano
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Yucatan
Mexico
Arizona,Mexico
Arab.
Brasil
Hawaii
Formosa
Afr.austr.
Luzon
Italia
Hab.?
1h)
francoana
francoisi
frangulaefolia
franksiae
fraseri
fraterna
frickiana
fridrichsthalii
friedrichiae
frivaldszkyana
froedinii
fructus-pini
frutescens
fruticosa
fruticosa
fruticosa
fruticulosa
fuhsii
fulgens
fulva
furcata
furcillata
fusca
fusiformis
gaditana
gaillardoti
galapageia
galiciana
galilaea
galioides
galpini
garanbiensis
garberi
garberi
gariepina
garkeana
garrullae
garuana
gasparrinii
gatbergensis
gaudichaudii
gaumerii
gayeri
gayi
Pea Y LOL) OrGoTsAk
Boiss.
Leandri
H.B.K.
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Nit Bre
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Dinter
Dorfl.& Degen
Rech.f.
Mill.Gard.Dict.
N.E.Br.
Bivona
Edgew.
Forsk.
Engelm.ex Boiss.
Bornm.& Sint.
Karw.ex Kl.
Stapf.
N.E.Br.
Hire Belive
Marloth
Buch- Hamilt.
Cosson.
Boiss.& Blanche
Robins & Greenm.
McVaugh
Boiss.
Boiss.
Pax
Hayata
Engelm.ex Chapm.
(Small)
Boiss.
Boiss.
Sennen
Neg Bios
Boiss.
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Millsp.
Boros ex
Salis.
Javorka
1860
196
1817
1915
1862
1912
1931
1862
191)
1952
1915
1915
18,7
1775
1862
1916
1834
1907
1911
eaay,
1912
1859
1895
1961
1853
1860
1898
1920
1897
(1913)
1860
1862
1921-2
1912
1862
1915
1860
1898
192
183),
628
Vol. 28, no. 2
Hispan.
Madag.
Natal
Ecuador
Angola
Cape Prov.
Guatemala
Afr.austr.occ.
Greece
Kurdistan.,Pers.
Little Namag.
Arabia
Mexico
Mexico
Afr.Brit.or.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Ind.or.
Hispan e
Mesopot.
Galapagos
Najaret
Afr.austr.
Formosa
Florida
Florida Key
Afr.austr.
Sto Domingo
Hispan.
Cameroons
Sileqlaa
Tembulonsi Cop-
land Insul.
Marion.
Yucatan
Hungary
Corsica
1974
geayi
gedrosiaca
gemella
geminata
geminicola
geminiloba
geminispina
geniculata
geniculata
genistoides
gentilis
gerardiana
gilgiana
gilberti
giumboénsis
glabella
glaberrima
glaberrima
glabrata
glabriflora
gladiosa
glanduligera
glareosa
glariosa
glauca
glauca
glauca
glaucella
glaucescens
glaucophylla
glaucopoda
glebulosa
globosa
globulifera
globulosa
glochidiata
glomerata
glomerifera
glomerifera
glomerulans
glyptosperma
gmelini
goeringii
goetzei
goldei
goliana
golisana
gollmeriana
golondrina
gomesii
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Costant.& Gall. 1905 699-D
Rech.f. 1951 60)-A
Lag. 1816 43-D
(Ait.) Marloth 191
16l-A
Millsp. 1689
Haw. 179
Ortega Lot. “2ox
Sasse & Moc. 1687-90
Berg.Linn.Mant.II 662
N.E.Br. 1915 377=A
Jacq. 1778 658
Pax 1909 376-k
Berger 1907 299-A
A.Hassler 1931
Kal 1858 121
C.Koch 1848 675
Sw. 20
Vis. 186), 519-A
M.E.Jones 1929 h6-A
Pax 1894 103-B
Bieb. 658-A
Pall.ex Bieb. 656
Ehrenb.ex Boiss. 1862 551
Forst. 28
Roxb. 620
Pax 1898 255-A
Willd. 1803 658
Poir 1811 5
Diels 1912 470-A
Coss.& Dur. 1857 550-X
Sims 1826 328.
H.B.Ko 1817 443
Coss.& Dur.Boiss.1862 550
Pax 323-B
Bieb. Lg
(Millsp.) 1913 -43-E
Wheeler 1939 156-B
Prokh. 1933 642-A
Engeln. 1859 161
Steud. » 63h
Steud.ex Boiss. 1862 82
Pax 1896 167-6
Prokh. 1949 657-A
Lam. 1788 alate
N.E.Br. 1911 323-22
Kl.ex Boiss. 1862 236
Wheeler 19,0 32-B
Croiz. 1935
145
Madag .
Persia
Amphig.trop.
le CGalit.
Mexico
Am,trop.
Mexico
Afr.2ustr.
Cape
Europ.
Ostafr.
S Afr.
Somaliland
Mexico
Caucasus
Mexico
Europ.or.
As.,Afr.trop.
N.Leb.
Ind.or.
Afr.austr.
Afr.trop.
China Yunnan
Algeria
Afr.austr.
Afr .tropo
Caucasus
Guatemala
S.Amer.,Fla.,
S.Texas
Mexico
Afr.tropo
Crimea
Ins .Borbon
Somaliland
Veneguela
Texas
Afr.Lusit.0Or.
146 PHY TOL OG EA Vol, 28, no. 2
goodingii (Millsp.) Jabl. (1916) 7h-A
gorgonis A.Berger 1910 354-B Afr.austr.
gorinii Chiov. 1932 Somaliland
goudoti Boiss. 1862 = lh N.Granat.
gossweileri Pax 1909 4433-A Afr.trop.
gossypina Pax 189, 379-A Afr.trop.or.
goyazensis Boiss. 1860 230 Brasil
gracilior Cronquist 19Lb9 391A Georgia
gracilipes Baill. 1860-1 262-A Ins .Ma.
graciliramea Pax 1905 322A Afr.trop.
gracilis Bess.Ind. 1816 638
gracilis Ell. 391-B
gracilis Loisel 633
gracilis Pav.ex Moq. 269
gracillima S.Wats. 1886 7T7-A Arizona,Mexico
graeca Boiss.& Sprun. 1842 571 Graec.,As.min.
graminea Jacq. 1788 18h Am.centr.
graminea Koenig.ex Boiss. 1862 620
graminea Schlecht.& Cham. 1830 192
graminifolia Will. 633
graminifolia Michx. 262-B
grandialata Dyer 1937 331-E Transvaal.
grandicornis Goebel 1889 331-C Afr.austr.?
grandidens Haw. 1825 310 Afr.austr.
grandidens Goebel 331-C
grandidieri Baill. 1886 110-C Madag.
grandifolia Haw. 296
grandilobata Chiov. Somali.,Ital.
grandis Lem. 1857 318-C
graniticola Leach 1964 323-25 Mozambique
grantii Oliver 1875 33-H Afr.trop.,
Unyanyembe
granulata Forsk. 1775 98 Afr.as.trope
graveolens N.E.Br. 1915 433-C Little Namag.
greenei Millsp. 1890 161-A Idaho
gregaria Marloth 1910 378-A Afr .austr.
gregersenii K.Maly ex G.Beak 1920 481-A Bosnia
greggii Engelm.ex Boiss. 1862 583 Mexico
griffithii Hook.f. 1887 11-A Himal.
grisea Engelm.ex Boiss. 1862 130 Mexico,Texas
griseola Pax 1905 323-285 Afr.austr.
grosseri Pax 190, 433-V
groenwaldii Dyer 1938 223-C
grossheimii Prokh. 1930° 3h-A
guachanca Azara ex Steud. 358-A Peruvia
guadalajarana S.Wats. 1887 Mexico
guadalupensis Howell 1933 Baja Calif.
guanarensis Pittier 1929 73-F Venezuela
guateraulensis Standl.& Steyer. 194 219-B
gueinzii Boiss. 1862 257 Afr.austr.
guerichiana Pax 189, 378-A Afr.austr.occ.
1974
guestii
guilielmi
guillauminiana
guillemetii
guineensis
gummifera
gundlachii
guntensis
gussoneana
gutemalaensis
guyoniana
gymnadenia
gymnoclada
gymnoclada
gymnonota
gynophora
gypsicola
hadramautica
haeleeleana
haematantha
haematodes
hainanensis
hakutosanensis
halacsyi
halemanui
halleri
hallii
halophila
halophila
hamata
handiensis
hararensis
harmandii
hartwegiana
hassleriana
hastisquama
haussknechtii
havanensis
haworthii
haworthii
hebecarpa
hebegyne
hedyotoides
heldreichii
helenae
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Blakelock
A.Gray
Boiteau
Ursch.&Leandri
Brot.
Boiss.
Urb.
Prokh.
Lojacono
Standl.& Steyerm.194),
Boiss.& Reut.
Urb.
Boiss.
Engelm.
Rech.f.
Baker
Herbst
Boiss.
Boiss.
Croiz.
Hurusawa
Formansk
Sherff.
Dinter
Dyer
Mig.
Bornm.& Gauba
Sweet
Burchard
Pax
Gagnep.
Boiss.
Chod.
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Willd.ex Boiss.
Sweet
Sweet
Boiss.
Pax & K.Hoffm.
N.E.Br.
Orph.ex Boiss.
Urb.
1942 539A
1858-9 627
1942 323-56
1955 288-5
1843 179
1860 378
1908 166-C
1933 339-C
1907 530A
219 -B
1852 5h6é
1908 1h3-B
1860 23h
1861-2 222
1908 10
190, 382-C
1951 566-A
189, 324-B
1971
1862 225
1862 179
1940 282-c
190
189-5
1936 1-D
1937 379A
1953
8
1939 436
351
19L2 =31h-A
1907 316-A
1921 58-A
1862 85
1901 170-D
1915 271-C
1866 539
262
3h2
519
1846 635
1937 173-A
1911 551-A
1859 685
1908 13-D
147
Iraq.,As.Min.
Japan
Madag.
Cult.
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.
Cuba
Sicil.
Guatemala
Algena
Cuba
Calif.
Bahamas
Afr.trop.
Persia
Arabia
Ecuador
Ecuador
China,Hawaii
Corea
Europ.or.
Hawaii
Afr.austr.occ.
Cape Prov.
Malabar
Persia
Afr.austr.
Ins.Canar.
Abyss.
Laos,Cambodia
Mexico
Paraguay
Cape
Europ. ,Asia,
Arabia
Amer.bor.austr.
Cape
Europ.austr.
Persia
Rio Gr.Sul
Afr.trop.or.
Graecia
Cuba
14,8 PHYTOLOGIA
heleniana Thellung & Stapf 1916
helicothele Lem. 1857
helioscopia Haussk.ex Boiss. 1866
helioscopia Linn. 1753
helioscopioides Losc.& Pard.
helioscopioides Blatter 1933
helleri Millsp. 1898
helwigii Urb.& Ekman 1929
hepatica Urb.& Ekman 1929
heptagona Linn. D753
heptagona Munro
heraldiana (Millsp.) (1916)
hercegovina G.Beck 1920
hereroensis Pax 1889
hermentiana Lem. 1858
hernandez-pachecoi Caballero 1935
herniariaefolia Willd.
herniaroides Nutt. 1837
herpetorriza Prokh,. 1933
herrei A.White 1941
herronii Riddel
herteri Arech. 1910
heteracantha Pax
heteradena Boiss.& Buhse. 1860
heteradena Jaub.& Spach
heterantha Nutt. 1837
heterochroma Pax 1895
heterodoxa Mull.Arg. 1874
heterophylla Desf.
heterophylla Linn.Amoena 1753
heteropoda Pax
hexadenia Denis 1921
hexagona Nutt.
heyneana Boiss. 1862pp
heyiana Spreng.
hiberna Lepech
hiberna Welw.ex Nyman
hibernica Spreng.
hieroglyphica Coss.& Dur. 1862
hierosolymitana Boiss. 1853
hillebrandii Baillon 1886
himalayensis Boiss. 1862
himalayensis Kl.
hindsiana Benth.
hinkleyorum Johnst. 192)
hirsuta Kit.ex Boiss. 1862
hirsuta Schur. 1853
hirta Linn. 1753
hirtella Boiss. 1860
hirtula Engelm.ex S.Wats.1880
hislopii N.E.Br. aba S}
103-£
293
539-A
658
539
80-J
116-C
B31
675-A
238
306
61h
80
612-B
352-B
260
323-15
604,
434
IL)
318-A
535-A
625
Vol. 28, no. 2
S.Helena
India or.
Aleppo
Europ.,As.bor.
Aragonia
Ind.or Waziristan
Texas
Haiti
Ind.occ.
Afr.austr.
Ind.or
Hercegov
Afr.trop.
Marocc.e
As.min.
Afr.austr.
Uruguay
Afr.trop.
Persia bor.
Persia, Ispaha.
Arkans.,Texas
Germ.E Afr.
Brasil
Reg eMedit.
Amer .bor .austr.
Afr.trop.
Madag.
Texas
India or.
India or.
Europo
Lusitania
Europe
Algeria
Syria
Madag.
Reg.Himalaya
Reg Himalaya
Calif.
Peru,Argentina
Europo
Europo
Florida,Amer.tr.
Brasil
Calif.
Madag.?
197k
hispida
hoffmanniana
hohenackeri
hohenackeri
holstii
homophylla
hookeri
hookeri
horombensis
horrida
hortensis
hottentotta
huachanhana
huanchanhana
huberti
huillensis
humayensis
humbertii
humbertiana
humboldtii
humifusa
humifusa
Humilis
humilis
humistrata
huttonae
hyberna
hyberna
hydnorae
hylonoma
hypericifolia
hypericifolia
hypericifolia
hypericifolia
hypogaea
hypoleuca
hyrcana
hyssopifolia
hystrix
hystrix
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Boiss.
Boiss.
Hochst.ex Boiss.
Orph.ex Boiss.
Pax
Lange ex Boiss.
Steud.
Ursch.& Leandri
Boiss.
Engelm.ex Boiss.
Marloth
Ruiz ex K1l.Gke.
Boiss.
T.S.Brandegee
Denis
Maire
Willd.
Hort.ex Boiss.
Willd.
C.A.Mey.
Royle
Engelm.ex Gray
N.E.Br.
Linn.
Viv.
E.Mey.
Hand. -Mazz.
Auct.
Hochst.ex Boiss.
Linn.
Phil.ex K1.&Gke.
Marloth
Prokh.
Grossheim
Linn.
Jacq.
Marloth
1860 111
1862 383
658
1859 65)
189, 382-A
1862 658
18,0 5
125-A
1955 288-5
1860 30
138
1930 318-7
1860-71 399
1862 399
1911 318-C
616-B
1905 191-A
1922 290
193),
1809 184
1862 138
1813 82
1833 607
362
1855 = 13
1915 35L-H
1753: hee
82-A
369
1931
1967 51
1967 51
1753 51
1860 1h2
1910 326-5
1933 659-A
1920
1759 Su-c
wwe 37
1915 327-A
149
Reg Himalaya
Costa Rica
Europ.
Gracea
Europ.
Hawaii
Afr.austr.
Chili
Namaqualand
Boliv.,Arg.
Peru
Afr .Brit.or.
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Madag.
Marocc.
Mexico,Amer.
centr.
Chili
Ural
Siberia
Himalaya
Amer.bor.
Cape
Europe
Afr.austr.
China
Afr.austr.
Caucasus
Jamaica
Afr.austr.
150
iberica
idzuensis
illyrica
imaii
imbricata
imbricata
imbricata
imitata
imperfoliata
implexa
impressa
inaequalis
inaequalis
inaequilatera
inaequilatera
inaequispina
inappendiculata
inarticulata
incana
incerta
inciformis
incisa
inclinata
incompta
inconspicua
inconstantia
inculta
incurva
indecora
inderiensis
indica
indica
indivisa
indivisa
inelegans
inelegans
inermis
inermis
infausta
infausta
inflexa
ingallsii
ingens
ingezalahiana
innocus
inometa
inopina
insarmentosa
insulaesalis
insulae-europae
insulana
PHY 27.0106 IA
Boiss. 1860
Nakal ex Hurusawa 190
Lam. H.R. 1817
Hurusawa 190
E.A.Bruce 1933
Sesse & Moc. 189),
Wahl.
N.E.Br. 1911
Vis
Stapf. 1908
Chiov.ein Nuov. 1929
N.E.Br. 1911
(K1.Gke) (Millsp.)191)
Engeln. 1859
Sond. 1850
N.&.Br. 1911
Domin MZ
Schweinf,
Schur 1852
Brand. 1891
Sesse & Moc. 1894
Engelm. 1860
Hort.ex Boiss. 1862
Cesati 1838
Ball. 1875
Dyer 1931
Bally 196),
N.EoBro aeAlal
N.E Br. 1915
Less. 182
Lam. 1786
Wall.
Engelm. 1859
(Millsp.) (191h)
N.E.Br. 1915
N.E.Br. 1911
Mill .Gard.Dict
Panc.ex Boiss. 1866
N.E.Br. 1912
N.E.Br. 1915
Urb.& Eckman 1929
(Small) (1903)
E.Mey. 1835
Ursch.& Leandri
Wheeler 1939
N.E.Br.
Wheeler 1941
P.G.Mey. 1966
(Millsp.) (191)
Pax 1909
Vell. 1825
6L5
62h<A
454
589-A
589
323-11
6h4L-A
379-A
80-A
166-K
103 -A
103
323-21
159-A
6h2
hc
586
138
503
550-¥
323020
380-A
271-B
385
lg
51
166-N
378-C
378 -C
326-B
92-A
sali/
332-A
80-1
T2-A
sjiat
290=D
326-—M
156A
352-3
Su-F
323-X
206
Vol. 28, no. 2
Reg.Cauc.
Manzuria
Kurop.austr.
Corea
Tanganika Terr.
Cuba
Lusitania
Angola
Dalmatia
Afr.trop.Uganda
Abyss.
Somaliland
Somaliland
N.W.Australia
Arabia
L.Callstts
Mexico
Arizona
Marocc.
Cape Prov.
Somaliland
Afr .trop.or.
Little Namaq.
Arizona,Mexico
Griqualand
Afr.trop.cr.
Hab.?
Erythrea
Afr.austr.
Haiti
Afr.austr.
Cult.
Texas
Texas
GooW Africa
Bahamas
Insul.Mascar.
Brasil
197
insularis
interaxillaris
intercedens
intercedens
intermedia
intermedia
intermedia
intermedia
intermixta
intisi
inundata
invaginata
involucrata
involucrata
involuta
ipecacuanha
irgisensis
isalensis
isaloensis
isatidifolia
isatis
isaurica
isophylla
ispahanica
issykkulensis
isthmia
italica
italica
italica
iteophylla
jacquemontii
jacquini
jaquiniaeflora
jaegeriana
jaliscensis
jamesonii
jansenvillensis
japonica
japonica
Japygica
jaroslavii
jatrophoides
javanica
jaxartica
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Boiss. 1860
Fern. 1901
Pax
Podpera 1922
Brebiss. 192u
Fisch.& Mey. 1862
Hochst.ex Boiss. 1862
Engelm.
S.Wats. 1889
Drake 1900
Torr.ex Chapm. 1860
Croiz. 193
E.Mey. 1862
Wall .Cat.7696
Millsp. 1889
L
Litw. 1922
Leandri 196
Drake abysii¢
Lem. 1788
Pers.
Khan. 1964
Bornm. 1908
Boiss. 18,6
Prokh. 1933
V.Tackh. 1932
Lam. incycl.2. 1788
Salzm.ex Boiss.
Tineo 1802
Boiss. 1860
Boiss. 1862
Fenzl.ex Boiss. 1862
Hook.
Pax 1909
Robins & Greenm. 189)
Boiss. 1860
Nel. 1935
Siebold ex Boiss. 1866
Zoll.ex Boiss. 1862
Tenore
P.Poljakov 1953
Pax
Jungh. 18L5
Prokh. 1937
82
131-A
318-1
637
65
103
75
81-C
373-C
393
236-A
666
167-B
Spal
Lg
323-61
Lg
Lg
614-A
605-A
434
hb-a
433-B
569
569
625
675
623
634-A
Corsica
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Czechoslov.
Gallia
Arkansas
Mexico
Madag.
Florida
Parag.
Afr.austr.
Reg.Himal.
Canis
Amer.bor.
Rossia,Asia,
Turcia
Hispan.
Hoh Cliff
Madag.
Flburs.
Persia
Aegipt, Iraq.
Italia
Reg.Cauc.
Reg Himal.
Hab.?
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Ecuador
Afr.austr.
Japan
As.centr.
Afr.trop.
Java
152 PH YA OL GL ek Vol. 28, no. 2
jejuna M.C.Johns. 1960 120-A Texas
jenningsii (Millsp.) (1916) 1h9-G Cuba
johnsonii N.E.Pr. 1991 323-13 Port.East Afr.
jolkini Boiss.cent. 1860 75 Japan
jonesii Millsp.Pittonia 1890 153-A Arizona
juba phylla Svent. 1960 37h-A Ins.Canar.
jubata Leach 1961, Zambia
jucula Prodan 1953 637-A Transyl.
juglans Compton 193 Afr.austr.
juncea Jacq. 1804 547 Medit.
juncoides fteud. SUT-A
juniperifolia Rich.ex Boiss. 1866 651
juttae Dinter 1914 352-A Afr.austr.occ.
juvoklanti Pax 296 Afr.tropo
kahirensis Rausch. 1930) = 33
kalaharica Marloth Cape Prov.
kaleniczenkii Czern.ex Trautw. 188) As. bor.or.
kamerunica Pax 323-21 Afr.tropo
kanalensis Boiss. 1866 =31-A N.Caled.
kanaorica Boiss. 1662 611 Himal.
kansuensis Prokh. 1926 Tibet, Kansu
karoi Freyn. 1896 637-A Spilopeec,
karroensis N.E.Br. 1915 272-A
karwinski Boiss. 1860 =
kaschgarica Regel. 1879 Turkestan
kassneri Pax 190 257-A Afr..trop.
katjarensis Gage 1914 62-A Bombay
kazerouni Parsa 19,8 Persia
keithii R.A.Dbyer 1951 331-CC Swaziland
kelleri Pax 323-C Afr.austr.
kemulariae Ter-Chatschat 1963 Transcauc.
kerneri Huter Europ.austr.
kerrii Graib. 1911 281-4 Siam
kerstingii Pax 154-A Afr.trop.
keyensis (Small) Jabl. (1928) 20-J Florida
khandallensis Blatter & Hallb. 1921 Bombay
khasyana Boiss. 1862 70 Himal.
kibwezensis N.E.Br. ieAlZ 323-C Afr. Brae Ole
kilimandscharica Pax 1892 «615 Afr tropsors
kilwana Nich) «Bi. 1911 15-38 Afr.trop.or.
kischenensis Vierh. 1907 80-A Socotra
klotzschiana Wiq. 1851 Sl-A
knobelii Letty 193 315A Transvaal.
knuthii Pax 1905 =. 3323-1, Afr.austr.
komarowiana Prokh. 19h9 Wy =A Sibir.or.
1974
kopetdagensis
kopetdaghi
korovini
kotschyana
kovandensis
kozlovi
kralickii
kraussiana
kudrjaschevii
kunzei
kuriensis
kurioca
kuwaleana
kwebensis
labbei
lacei
lacera
lactea
lactea
lactiflua
laeta
laeta
laevigata
laevigata
laevis
lagascae
lagascae
lagunillarum
lamarckii
lambi
lamprocarpa
lanata
lanata
lanceolaria
lanceolata
lanceolata
lanceolata
lanceolata
lanceolata
Lancifolia
lanifera
lansingii
lanuginosa
lanuginosa
laredana
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Korovin ex Prokh.1933 659-A
Prokh. 1933 658-A
Pavlov. 1933
Fenzl. 678
Beille ex Cheval.1920
Prokh. 1926
Coss. 1889
Bernh. 1845 453-A
(Pazij) Prokho 1949 U91-A
Boiss.% Hausok. 1879 610-A
Vierh. 1905 157-8
Bornn. 1939 L34-A
Dagmer & Sherff. 1959 3-D
NietieSte 1909 255-A
Leveille 1913 3-K
Craib AeA LIE 302-A
Boiss. 1860 180
Haw. 1812 308
Roxb.
Philippi 36h,
Ait. 27
Heyne 620
Lam. 1788 695
Vahl. 7
vide levis
Spreng. 1861 457
Sprun. 457
Croiz. 1967 236-B
Sweet 365
Svent. 1960 431-3
Prokh. 1933 Lush
Sieber 1826 390
Glaziou 1912-3 l1-A
Herb.Heyne 620A
T.Liou 198)
Spreng. Sc1-A
Rottler 1826 8 §=551
Ents 1895 396-X
Larranaga 1923
Schlecht. 1832 207-A
Haw. 179
(Millsp.) (1913) 43-H
Lam. 1788 56
Thuill. S25
Millsp. 1890-4, 144-C
153
Asia Med.
Asia Med.
Turkestan
As.min.
Dahomey
Mongols Kansu
Afr.bor.
Socotra
Hawaii
Afr.trop.
China
Burma
Mexico
Ind.or.
Ins.Molucc.
Chili
Brasil
Sardinia,Hispan.
Graecia
Venezuala
Ins.Canar.
Syria,Persia
Brazi] (Goyaz)
China
Chili
Uruguay
Mexico
Mexico
Tllinois
France
Texas
154
larica
laro
lasiocarpa
lasiocarpa
lasiocaula
lata
latazi
latericolor
lateriflora
lateriflora
lathyris
lathyris
latifolia
latifolia
latifolia
latifolia
latimammillaris
laurentii
laurifolia
laxiflora
leandriana
lecheoides
ledebourii
ledermanniana
ledienii
lehmanniana
lehmbachii
leiococca
leiosperma
leiosperma
lemaireana
leonardii
leonensis
lepidocarpa
leptalea
leptocaula
leptocera
leptoclada
leptomyura
leptophylla
leshumensis
leucantha
leucocephala
leucodendron
leucochlamis
leucoloma
leuconeura
leucophylla
leucotricha
leviana
levis
PHY TD Oyh, OvG ees
Boiss. 1860
Drake 1899
Kl. 18,3
C.Koch 188
Boiss. 1866
Engelm. 1859
HeBeKo 1817
Brandegee 1913
Jaub.& Spach. 1845
Schum.& Thonn.
Georgi
Linn,
Guldenst.ex Ledeb.
(Hohen) Boiss. 1860
C.A.Mey. 1830
Salzm.ex Boiss.
Croiz. 1932-3
DeWild. 1908
Lam. 1788
Kuntze 1898
Boiteau 192
Millsp. 1906
Boiss. 1860
P. & H. 1910
A.Berg. 1907
Pax 1899
Pax 1901
Norton 1900
Boiss. 1860
Sibth.& Sm.
Boiss. 1862
(Burch) (1966)
N.E.Br. algal
Pax (1905?)
Schauer 18,7
Boiss. 1862
Engelm. 1857
Balf. 188),
Baillon 1912
Waobl,
Nici sise 1911
Boiss. 1862
Lotsy 1895
Drake 1903
Chiov. 1929
Rafin. 1833
Boiss. 1862
Benth. 18h)
Boiss.
Croiz. 1934
Poir.
3hu
290-B
20-D
565
433 -C
339-A
619A
616-B
533-D
9-A
625
303-A
143-C
296-B
323-12
18),
630
564
169-£
633
97-A
135
219-A
373-B
323-26
227
287
16h
530
335-A
t
Vol. 28, no. 2
Persia
Madag.
Mexico
Ind.occ.
Texas
N.Granat.
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Aurop.austr.
Rossia
Siber.
Afr.austr.
Afr.trop.
Peru
Afr.austr.
Madag.
India occ.
Tauria
Afr .tropo
Afr.austr.
Colombia
Afr.trop.
Amer .bdor.
Afr .trop.
Haiti
Sierra Leona
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Rossia
Am.bor.occo
Ins.Socotra
Madag e
Rhodesia
Mexico,Cuba,Fla.
Guatem.
Madag.
Somaliland
Madag.
Calif.
1974
libassi Lojacono
lignosa Marloth
ligularia Roxb.
ligulata Chaub.
ligustrina Boiss.
liliputana Wright
linaria Link
linarioides Poir.
lindeniana A.Rich
lindheimeriana Engelm.ex Boiss.
linearifolia Roth,
linearifolia Willd.Lam.
linearifolia (Millsp.)
linearis Heyne ex.roth
linearis Heyne
linearis Retz.
linearis Schrank
lineata S.Wats.
lingiana Shih.
linguiformis McVaugh
lingulata Heuff.
linifolia Burm.
linifolia Herb.Russ.
linifolia Jacqo
linifolia Tenore
linifolia Vahl
linifolia Wall.
lipskyi Prokh.
literata Jacq.
litoralis H.B.Xo
litoralis Noe ,
litoralis Sesse & Moc.
litorea Miq.ex Boiss.
litwinowii Prokh.
liukiuensis Hayata
livida C.A.Mey.
lividiflora Leach
loandensis N.E.Br,
lockharti Steud.
lohaensis Baill.
loiseleuria Rouy
lombardensis Nel.
longecorniculata Kitamura
longecornuta Pax
longecornuta S.Wats.
longeramosa S Wats.
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
longetuberculata Boiss.
longetuberculosa Hochst.
longebracteata
longepetiolata
longeradiata
DeCetLorr.
M.E.Jones
Lapeyr.
1907
1909
1801
1860
1866
1850
1788
(1913)
1783
1820
1886
1963
1961
1858
1938
1817
1894,
1862
1932
1920
1862
196)
ESEL
1887
1910
1933
1958
1892
1890
1890
1866
1933-5
101-A
271-A
292-C
673
220
1Lh9-A
625
519
166
562
9h
519
16-A
9h
94
ral
433-A
U7-A
124-A
495
664,-B
623-A
519
575
269
62h
497-B
525
20
575
S75-A
396
612
16
379-A
158-A
262
658-A
601-8
316-A
325-A
32h
573
633-A
708
Sicil.
Afr.austr.
Hispan.
Cuba
Ind.or.
Cuba
Ind.occ.
Mexico
China
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Reg.Medit.
Porto Rico
Formosa
Afr.austr.
Mozambique
Angola
Ma dag °
Gallia
Cape Prov.
Afgan.
Afr trop.
Mexico
Mexico
Abyss.
Mexico
156
longibracteata
longicruris
longifolia
longifolia
longifolia
longifolia
longipetiolata
longifpila
longiradiata
longispina
longistyla
lophogona
lorentii
lorentzii
loreyei
loricata
lorifolia
louisii
lucida
lucida
lucidissima
luciismithii
lucorum
ludoviciana
lugubris
luisensis
ludelliana
lunulata
lupatensis
lupulina
lurida
lusitanica
lutea
luteola
lutescens
luticola
lutulenta
lutzenbergiana
luzoniensis
lycia
lycioides
lyciopsis
lyndenburgensis
lyttoniana
PH Yor*O Gr OvG Ea
Pax
Scheele
Baill.ex Boiss.
D.Don.
Guldenst.
Lam.
1) ap Jel
Rusby
Lapeyr.
Chiov.
Boiss.
Lam.
Hochst.
Mull. Argo
dard.
Lam.
Hillebr.
J.Thieb.
Auct.ex.Boiss.
Waldst.& Kit.
Leveille & Vaniot 1906
Robinson & Greenm.1896
Rupr.in Maxim
Rafin.
Chabert.
(Millsp.)
Croiz.
Bunge
N.i.Br.
Boiss.
Engelm.in Ives
Steud.
Alam.ex Boiss.
Cass.& Durr.
C.A.Mey.
Hand .Mazz.e
(Croiz.)
Croiz.
Merrill
Boiss o
Boiss.
Pax
Schweickerdt
Dexter
1893
189
1862
1788
1910
1907
29
1860
1788
187),
1788
1888
198
1862
1802
1859
1900
(1916)
193
1911
1860
1860
1862
1862
1931
(196)
1967
1920
1862
1860
1895
1933
1935
325-A
562
289
69
630
419
619-B
223-B
708
302
39
288
657
139-A
637
347
2-C
63
6,6
16-C
473
81
90-A
10-A
641
98-B
235
395
709
259
594
489
120—A
236-A
68,
233
382-D
316-A
Vol. 28, no. 2
Afr.austr.
Texas
Reg .Himal.
Afr.tropo
Bolivia
Mont .Pyren.
Somaliland
Ind.,or.
Madag.
Reg.Argent.
Afr.north
Hawaii
Syria
Moravia
China
Mexico
Reg.Amur.
EUrope
Mexico(Chiapos)
China
Afr.,Lusit.or.
N.Grant.
Calif.
Lusitan,
Algeria
Sibir.
China
Uruguay
Venez .Cult.
Luzon
Lycia
Brasil
Afr.trop.ore
Transvaal.
Hort.
1974
maackii Meinshaus
macella Ne ebTo
machrisiae Steyerm.
macgillivrayi Boixx.
macinensis Prodan
macowani N.E.Br.
macra Hiern,
macraulonia Phelic
macrocarpa Boixx.& Buhse
macroceras Fisch.& Mey.
macroclada Boiss.
macroglypha Lem.
macrophylla Pax
macropodoides Robins & Greenm.
macropus Boiss.
macrorhiza C.A.Mey.
macrorhiza Pall ex Ledeb.
macrorrhiza Glaziou
macrostegia Boiss.
maculata Linn.
maculata Linn.Mantissa
maculata Anders.
madagascariensis Comm.& Lam.
maddeni Boiss.
magdalenae Benth,
maglicensis Rohlena
magnidens Haw.
magnimamma Haw.
mahafalensis Denis
mainiana H.Poisson
mainty (Poiss.)Denis
mairei Leveille
makinoi Hayata
malaca (Small)
malacitana Pau
malacophylla Clarke
maleolens Phillips
malevola Leach
malleata Boiss.
malurensis Rech.f.
malvana Mairy
mamillosa Lem.
mamillaris Linn.
mammillaris Tremant
mananarensis Leandri
manca Nels.
mancinella Baill.
mandoniana Boiss.
mandriavioky Leandri
mit
1884
1915
1958
1862
1953
1915
1895
1860
1837
18h)
1857
189),
1895
1862
1830
1912
1862
1753
1771
1853
1788
1862
1844
1912
1921
1912
1935
1913
1911
(1903)
1941
1932
1964,
1862
1963
190
1753
19h5
1909
1886
1866
1958
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
157
Sibir.
Cape
Goyaz.
Australia
Rumania
Hope
Afr.trop.
Chili
Persia
Reg.Caucas.
Afr.trop.
Maxico
Mexico
SiDats
Goyaz.o
Wasi.
Reg .Hamil.
Calif.
Montenegro
Mexico
Madag.
Madag.
Madag °
China, Yunnan
Formosa
Ind.,Tenn.,La.,
Texas
Hispan.
. Transvaal.
Zambia,Rhodesia
Persia
Afghan.
Marocc.
Hab.?
Afr.austr.
Madag.
Madag.
Bolivia
158
mandshurica
mangleti
mangoryensis
mareskii
marginata
marginata
marienthali
marilandica
mariolensis
maritima
maritima
marlothii
marlothiana
marschalliana
marschalliana
marshii
martini
martiusiana
masafuerae
massiliensis
matabelensis
mathewsii
matritensis
mauritiana
mauritanica
mauritanica
mauritanica
mayana
maysillesii
mayuranathanii
mazicum
media
medicaginea
medusae
megalalantica
megalantha
megalocarpa
megistopoda
mehadiensis
melanacantha
melanadenia
melanocarpa
melanohydrata
melanosticta
melapetala
melillensis
melitensis
mellifera
mellifera
meloformis
meloniformis
Pony eTsOn tL /O0G wa 7A
Maxim. 1883
Urb.Fedde 1930
Leandri 195
Knoche 1922
Hie Biske 1817
Pursh 181)
Dinter 1921
Green 1898
Rouy 1889
S.¥ Gray
Willd.ex Boiss. 1867
Pax 1889
N.E.Br. 1915
Boiss. 186
Kotschy ex Boiss.1862
(Small) (1903)
Rouy 1900
Steud.
Phil. 1856
DC.
A.Zahlbr. 1900
(Small) (1933)
Boiss. 1860
(Comm. ) (1921)
Lam. 1788
Linn. 1753
Webb
Millsp. 1896
McVaugh 1961
Croiz. 190
Emberger & Maire 1930
N.E Bre Albena
Boiss. 190
Thunb.
Ball 1875
Boiss. 186
Rech.f. 1963
Diels inl
Kit.in Rochel 1863
Drake 1903
Torr. 1857
Boiss.» 1862
Nel. 1935
E.Mey. 1862
Gasparr. 1830
Sennen & Maur. 1933
Parl.
Acittre 1789
Steub.
Ait.
Lem. 1854
66-A
80-G
290-D
61h-A
228
227
326-A
239-A
SO0=A
71-A
73
325-A
326-C
691
686
73-A
680-A
457
696
101-3
379-B
1h3-A
590
366
365
366-B
43h
26
302-A
290-F
569
326
616-A
43u
450-A
U3 -A
179
89
132
325-A
368
683
S19-A
419
420
332-A
332
Vol. 28, no. 2
Songar.Mandshur.
Cuba
Madag.
Isl.Balsares
Amer .bdor.
Amer .bor.
H ispan e
Afr.austr.
occ.extratrop.
As.min.,Persia
Florida
Afr.austr.
Florida
Hispan.
Afr.austr.
Yucatan
Mexico
Madras (India)
Marocc.
Afr.trop.or.
Reg.Medit.occ.
Afr.austr.
Marocc.
Persia
Afghan.
Yunnan
Mad age
Calif.,Ariz.,Texe
Ecuador
Little Namaqo
Afr.austr.
Sie.
Marocc.
Ind.Madera
Afr.austr.
197k
membranacea Pax
memoralis Dyer
mendax Maire & Wilczek
mendezii Boiss.
menelikii Pax
mercurialina Michx.
merenskiana Dinter
meridensis Pittier
merkeri N.E.-Br.
mesembrianthemifolia Jacq.
mesopotamica Khan
messeniaca Heldr.ex Halacsy
meuleniana O.Schwartz
meulenis Schwartz
mexiae Standley
mexicana (Engelm.)Norton
meyeniana °
meyeri Boiss.
meyeri Steud.
meyeri Nel.
micans Scheele
micracantha Boiss.
micractina Boiss.
micradenia Boiss.
micrantha Steph.ex Willd.
microappendiculata Lotsy
microcarpa Prokh.
microcephala Boiss.
microclada Urb.
micromera Boiss.
microphylla Heyne
microphylla Lam.
microsciadia Boiss.
microsperma (Murb.Maly)
microsphaera Boiss.
migiurtinorum Chiovenda
milii Desmoul
milloti Ursch.& Leandri
minbuensis Gage
minima Hort.
minuta Losc.& Pard.
minuta Pauls
minutiflora N.E.Br.
minutifolia Boiss.
minutula Boiss.
miqueroana Urb.Fedde
miricornis Maire & Wilczek
misella S Wats.
misera Benth,
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
1895
1952
1936
1860
1907
1803
1938
1929
abenlal
1760
1963
190),
1929
1900
183
1860
1933
183
1860
1862
1862
1895
1933
1866
192k
1861
1788
18,6
19449
186
1929
1826
1955
191)
1891
1913
1860
1866
1930
1934
1891
184
67-3
323-55
133
318-C
24h
325-B
73-4
290-D
20
595-A
581-4
433-H
433-H
210-A
553-K
135
578
LL6
325-C
673
298
502
68
526
186A
637-A
hh-a
149-B
145
80
St
605
L9-A
4,63
317-A
290
288 -E
98-A
557
651
141-c
80
107-A
19-F
159
Afr.trop.or.
Rhodesia
Marocc.
Mexico
Abyss.
Amer.bor.
Venez.
Afr.trop.or.
Cartageno
Iraq,Syria
Arabia
Mexico,Jalisco
Am.sept.
Bolivia
Afr.austr.
Little Namaq.
Afr.austr.
Reg.Himal.
Austral.
Quatem,
Bolivia
Cuba
Calif.,N.Mex.,
Arizona.
Ind.or.
Mesopot.
Somaliland
Madag.
Cult.
Burma
Chili
Rhodesia
Austral.
Cuba
Marocc.
Mexico
Calif.
160
missouriensis
missurica
mitchelliana
mitis
mitsimbinensis
mixta
modesta
moenchiana
moeringioides
mohammerensis
mollis
mollis
monantha
mongolica
mongolyensis
monocyathium
monostyla
montana
montana
monteiri
monteiroi
montenegrina
montereyana
montevidensis
montevidensis
monticola
monticola
morinii
morisoniana
morisoniana
mosana
mosieri
mozambicensis
mucronata
mucronata
mucronata
mucronulata
muelleri
muirii
mulemae
multicaulis
multicaulis
multiceps
multiclava
multicorymbosa
multifida
multiflora
multifoliosa
multiformis
multiformis
multifurcata
Pel) et ON, OLG sr cA
Ursch.& Leandri
N.E.Br.
Boiss.e
Steud.
Pax
Boiss.
C.C.Gmel.
Engelm.
Wright
Prokh.
Denis
Prokh e
Prokh.
Engelm.
Rafin.
Hook.f.
Hook.f.
(Bold) K.Maly
Millsp.
Casar ex Boiss.
Kl.ex Boiss.
Boiss.
Hochst.ex Rich
Berger
Kl e
Kole:
Lejeune
(Small (
Boiss.
Clarke
Lam.
Lapeyr.
Prokh.
Boiss.
N.&.Br.
Rendle
Engelm.
Thuill.
A.Berger
Bally & S.Carter
Sweet
N.E.Br.
Willd.
M.E.Jones
Gaudich
Schur.
Rech.f.
1832 77-C
1862 61
1905 323-16
290-B
275
1860 625
710
1899 53-A
1862 (463)
45h
1887
1930 l6-c
1922 290
1930 6-3
1949 691-A
1859 58h
1926 325-A
1865 326<A
1912 92-A
1889 = 2hs5
1862 130
1862 08
1846 612
616
1907 336-A
1856 262-C
1856 264
1811 637-3
1932 81-£
1862 105
711
1788 552
587
1930 h91-A
1862 69
1915 326-D
1875 33-H
1859 53h
655
1905 325-A
196 323-27
712
1915 33-B
1860 166-a
1933-5 166-E
1832 3
1853 Lidu-A
1951 3l-A
Vol. 28, no. 2
Amer .bor.
Centre Amer.bor.
Austral.
Afr.trop.
Cult.
Hab.?
N.Granat.
Cuba
Far East
Madag.
As.centr.
Transcauc.
N.Mex.
Sicily
Afr.trope
Angola,Afr.
Jugoslavia
Mexico
Abyss.
Mexico
Angers
Florida
Afr.trop.
As.Min.
Europ.austr.
Austral.
Cape
Afr.trope
Mexico ,Sonora
Cape
Somaliland
Hab.?
Natal?
Mexico,Jalisco
Ins .Sandvic.
Baluchistan
197k
multinodis
multiradiata
multiramosa
multiseta
mundi
muraltioides
muricata
muricata
muricata
murieli
murrayana
muscicola
muscosa
musili
myrsinites
myrsinites
myrsinites
myrtifolia
myrtifolia
myrtifolia
myrtifolia
myrtillifolia
myrtilloides
myrtoides
nagleri
nakaiana
namaquensis
namibensis
nana
nana
napoides
nashii
natalensis
ndurumensis
mealleyi
neapolitana
nebrownu
neglecta
negromontana
nelii
nelsii
nelsonii
nematocypha
nemoralis
nemoralis
nemoralis
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Urb.
P +H
Nel.
Benth,
N.E.Br.
N.E.Br.
Bieb.
Sm.
Thunb,
N.EoBr.
J.M.Black
Fern.
Tenore
Velen,
Brot.
Linn.sp.
Pall.
Hook.& Arn.
Lam.
Linn.Sp.ed.2
E.Mey.
Linn.
Schlecht.
Boiss.
Boiss. 3
Leveille
N.E.Br.
Marloth
Kl.ex Boiss.
Bally
Coult.& Fisher
Tenore
Merrill
N.E.Br.
N.E.Br.
A.White
Kit. in Rochel
1899
1910
1935
190
1915
1915
1912
Ae
1901
jak
1753
1753
1860
1862
161
143-A Ind.occ.
467 Afr.trop.
Namaqo
201 Mexico
271-A
66),-A Cape
490
465
270-A
316-B Sudan Bril.
S.Austral.
180-A Mexico
Ital.
Arab.
655
686 Eur.austr.or.
691
5
116
670
116 Jamaica
20
19 Austral °
67 Java
350-D
326-C Namaq.
326-F Afr.austr.
175
363-A
32h-A Amer .tropo
73-B Florida
672 Afr.austr.
323-15 Kenya
Texas
625
382
318 -B Afr.trop.,austr.
271-X Angola
325-C
154-A Afr.austr.
Amer.bor.
China, Yunnan
66
673-A
179 Europ.
162
nenensis Hiern.
neocaledonica Boiss. 1866
neomexicana Greene 1886
neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm. 1910
neovolkensis Pax 1905
nepalensis Boiss. 1862
nephelioides Radkofer 1915
nephradenia Barneby 1966
nereidum Janandiez & Maire 1923
nereifolia Roxby. 1801
neriifolia Linn, aS
nervosa Kite 1863
nesemannii R.A.Dyer 193k
nesiotica Robinson 1902
neutra A,Rerger 1907
nevadensis Boiss.& Reut. 1852
nicaeensis All.Ped
nicaeénsis Coss.ex Willk. 1860
nicaeénsis St.Am.Fl.Agen
nicaeensis Sebast.& Maur.
niciciana Borb. 1893
nigrispina N.E.Br. 1913
nigropurpurea Jones 1929
nilaghrica Miquel
nilagrica Hochst.
nipensis Carabia 19h6
niqueroana Urb. 1930
nirurioides (Millsp.) (191k)
nitens Trevir,. 1816
nivulia Buch, -Ham. 1825
nodiflora Steud.
nodosa NEBr. 1911
nodos2 Houtt. ALTE
noeana Boiss. 1862
norfolkiana Boiss. 1862
normanni Schmalh. 1891
nortoniana A.Nelson 1909
notadenia Boiss.ex Hchen. 1853
notata Engelm. 1862
notoptera Boiss» 1862
novomexicana (Kl .&Gke.) 1936
noxia Pax 1891,
nuda
nudicaulis Perr, 1825
nudiflora Jacq. 1793
nudiflora Lam.
nummularia Hook.f. 1851
nummulariaefolia Willd.
nutans (Small) ee
nutans (Millsp.) (1911
nuttallii Small 1897
nuttallii (Small). Jabl. (1903)
nyaradiana Prodan 1957
Pal Yo OL, Ove DA
Vol. 28, no. 2
Afr.tropo
N.Caled.
N.Mexico
Afr.austr.
Afr .trop.
Philipp. ,Brasil.
Morocc.
Mss.
Ind.or.,Malaya
Afr.austr.
Ins.Galope
Hab.?
Hispan.
Reg.Medit.
Spain
Somaliland
Cuba
Cuba
Ind.oro
Angola
India or.
Ins .Norfolk
Reg.Gauc.
Calif.
Ind.or.
Reg.Somal.
Malaya
Jamaica
Ins.Galop.
Rumania
197
nyaradiana
nyassae
nyikae
oahuensis
oatesli
oaxacana
obconica
obcordata
obcordata
obesa
oblanceolata
obliqua
obliquata
obliquifolia
obliterata
oblongata
oblongata
oblongicaulis
oblongifolia
obovalifolia
obovata
obscura
obscura
obtusata
obtusifolia
obtusifolia
obtusifolia
occidentalis
occulta
ocellata
octogona
octoradiata
ocymoides
ocymoides
odontadenia
odontophylla
odontophylla
oerstediana
officinalis
officinalis
officinarum
officinarum
officinarum
ohiotica
oidorhiza
oleaefolia
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Prodan 1957
Pax 1921
Pax 1894
Skotsb. 1935
Rolfe 1889
Robinson 1896
Bojer
Balt site 188)
Denis 1921
Hook.f. 1903
Baul etgtiing 188),
Emdl.
Forsk.
Kunze ex Boiss. 1860
Jacq. 1760
Griseb.
C.Koch
Baker 1895
C.Koch 188
A.Rich.
Decne. 183
Lang ex Reichb.
Loisel 1809
Pursh. 1814
Lam. 1788
Poir.
Schur. 1853
Drew 1889
Kis 1856
Durand ex Hilg. 1855
Hort.ex Steud.
Leveille & Vaniot 1908
Linn. 1753
Hook .& Arn.
Boiss. 1862
Boiss. 1859
Willd.
Boiss. 1862
Forsk.
Jackson
Boiss. 1862
Hochst ex Boiss. 1862
Lann’s 1753
Steud.& Hochst. 1862
Pojark. 1951
Gouan
323-7
318-B
454-3
43-X
179
43-D
166
585
320-B
318
375
655
163
Rumania
Nyasaland
Afr.trop.or.
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Afr .occ.
Ins.Socotr.
Madag.
Afr.austr.
Ins.Socotr.
Ins .Norfolk
Byzant.
Abyss.
Arab.
Amer.bor.
Ins.Teneriff.
Transylv.
Caulkitss
Calif.
Hab.?
Corea
Mexico
N.Mexico
Amer .Centr.
Afr.bor.
Transkasp.
16h
oleaefolia
oleracea
oligantha
olivacea
olowaluana
oncoclada
onoei
opaca
ophthalmica
opuntioides
orabensis
oranensis
oraria
orbiculata
orbiculata
oreophila
orientalis
orientalis
origanoides
origanoides
orizabae
orjeni
ornata
ornitopus
orphanidis
orthoclada
oryctis
orygis
osyridea
osyridiformis
ovalifolia
ovalleana
ovata
ovata
oxycoccoides
oxyodonta
oxyphylla
oxystegia
pachyceras
pachypoda
pachypodoides
pachyrrhiza
pachysantha
padifolia
paganorum
palatina
PHY‘? OL OG
Noe ex Nym.
Pers.
Boiss. 1862
Small 1898
Sherff. 1936
Drake 1903
Franch & Sav.
Lang ex Reichb.
Pers.
Welw.ex Hiern. 1900
Dinter 1914,
(Millsp.) (1943)
F.Mull.ex Boiss. 1862
Hie EieiKte 1817
Miq.
Miq.
Bertol.
Linn. 1753
Bert.ex Boiss. 1862
Linn. 1753
Boiss. 1862
B.Reck. 1920
Stapf. 1886
Jacq.
Boiss. 1859
Baker 1887
Dinter 1931
Dinter 1930
Boiss. 18L6
Parsa 19448
Engelm. 1860
Phil. 1895
E.May 1835
Larranaga 1923
Boiss. 1860
Boiss. 1879
Boiss. 1866
Boiss. 1860
CosSo 1928
Urban 192h
Boiteau 192
Kar.& Kir. 181
Baill. 1886
Brandegee 1914
A.Cheval. 1933
Zimmerman 191),
616-B
19-C
86
282-A
213-A
592-A
Vol. 28, no. 2
Mississippi
Hawaii
Madag.
Japan
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.occ.
Parag.
N.Granat. ,SantaFe
Armen.Persia
Ins.Adscensce
Mexico
Dalmat.
AS.OCCo
Afr.austr.
Graecia
Madag.
Afr .austr.ocCe
Afr .austr.occe
Persia
Persia
Chili,Argent.
Chili
Afr.austr.
Uruguay
Madag.
Syria,Mesop.
Hispan.
Afr.austr.
Cuba
Madag.
Soongeria
Madag.
Mexico
Sudan Gall.
Germany
1974
pallasii
pallens
pallida
pallida
pallida
palmeri
palmyrena
paludicola
paludosa
paludosa
palustris
pamirica
pampeana
panacea
pancheri
panchganiensis
pancicii
paniculata
paniculata
paniculata
paniculata
paniculata
panjutinii
pannonica
pantomalaca
papillaris
papilligers
papillosa
papillosa
paradoxa
paradoxa
paraguayiensis
paralias
paranensis
parannaquensis
parasitica
parciflora
parciramulosa
paredonensis
parryi
parifolia
parishii
parva
parviflora
parviflora
parvifolia
parvimamma
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Turcz. 185
Dillw.
Pierre 1894
Willd.
Willd.
Engelm.ex Wats. 1880
Mouterde 1963
McVaugh 1961
Glaziou 1912
Rouy 1910
Linn. 1753
Prokh. 1935
Speg. 1893
Webb.& Berth.
Baill. 1861-2
Blatter & McCann 1931
G.Beck 1920
Benth. 18h3
Desf.
Ell.
Loisel
Tenore
Grossheim 1950
Host.
Standley & Steyerm.19h)
Jan.
Boiss. 1860
St .Hil.
Pouzolz
Schur.
Podpera 1928
Parodi 1881
Linn. 1753
Dusen 1910
Blanco
Pav ex Boiss. 1862
Urb. 1919
Schweinf. 1899
(Millsp.) (1914)
Engeln. 1875
N.E.Br. 1913
Greene 1886
N.E.Br. LOWE
Lam. 1788
Linn.
E.Mey. 1862
Boiss. 1862
Ls
8
642
642
66
586
657-A
3-G
OS-A
637-C
476
635-A
396-B
625
68-2
165
Dahuria
Cochin
Calif.
Jordan
Mexico
Goyaz
Gallia
Europ.
Asia centr.
Reg.Argent.
N.Caled.
India or.(Bombay)
Bosnia
Pyren.
Caucas,.
Guatemala
Rio Gr.do Sul
Czechoslov.
Paraguay
Europ.0CCe,y
Reg.Medit.
Bras.Sta Catar.
Haiti
Arab.
Cuba
Amer.bor.occ.
Angola
Calif.
Angola
Calif.
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
166
parvula
parvula
passa
patagonica
patellifera
patens
patula
pauciflora
pauciflora
pauciflora
paucifolia
paucifolia
paucipila
pauciradiata
pauliani
paxiana
pearsonii
pectinata
pedicellata
pediculifera
pedilanthoides
pedunculata
pedunculosa
peganoides
peisonis
pekinensis
pellegrini
peltata
peltata
peltigera
pendula
penduliflora
penduliflora
penicillata
peninsularis
pentadactyla
pentagona
pentagona
pentagona
pentagona
pentlandi
pentops
peperomioides
peplidion
peplis
peploides
peploides
peploides
peploides
PHY TO. L OG hes
Delile
C.Koch
N.E.Br.
Hieron.
Howell
Kit.
Mill.
Dufour
Hill
Nutt.
Klotzsch,
Urb.
Urb.
Blatter
Ursch.& Leandri
Dinter
N.E.Br.
Alboff
Linn.ex Jackson
Engelm.
Denis
Kel
A.Rich.
Boiss.
Rechinger
Rupr.
Leandri
Roxb.
Sesse & Moc.
E.Mey.,Boiss.
Link. ,Boiss.
Kraenzl.
Ind.Kew
(Millsp.)
I.M.Johnston
Griseb.
Blanco
Haw.
Noronha
Royle
Boiss.
Marloth ex White
Boiss.
Engeln.
Linn,
Gouan
Griseb.
E.Mey.
Nutt.
18,8
1915
1879
1938
1863
1860
1861
1908
1908
1933
1955
1921
1913
189),
1912
1859
1921
1856
186
1860
1925
1947
189),
1862
1862
1908
19h9
1922
1879
1827
1790
1862
1941
1860
1859
1753
1765
1837
548
567
35h
390-A
328
651
693
118-C
288-C
366 =D
381
688 -A
160-A
290-B
267
18),
221
350-A
47h
323-65
52
350
278
401-A.
164-£
261-B
22-A
339
292-A
313
252
325-H
258
559
fa
557
556
238
562
Vol. 28, no. 2
Aegypt
Natal
Patag.
Calif.
Europ.
Hispan.
Ind.or.
Hawaii
Austr.
Cuba
Waziristan
Cuba
Afr .austr.ocCe
Angola
Reg .Transcauc.
Mexico,Ariz.,
Calif.
Ma dag e
Cuba
Mexico
Germany
China
Madag.
Ind.or.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Hab.?
Afr.trop.
Peru
Baja Calif.
Reg.Argent.
Afr.austr.
Bolivia
Afr.austr.
Brasil
Texas
Europ.0cCe,y
Reg .Medit.
Europ.Afr.bor.
1974
peplus
peplus minor
perangusta
perbracteata
perennans
pereskiaefolia
perforata
perforata
pergamena
perieri
perlignea
pepera
perrottetii
persepolitana
persica
pergracilis
persica
persistens
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Linn.
Willd.
Dyer
Gage
(Shinners)
Houllet
Guss.
Tin.ex Lojac.
Small
Drake
McVaugh
N.E.Br.
Jaub.& Spach.
Boiss.
C.A.Mey.ex Boiss.1862
P.G May.
Stev. ex Boiss.
Dyer
persistentifolia Leach
peruviana
pervilleana
pestalozzae
petala
petaloidea
petiolaris
petiolata
petitiana
petrina
petrophila
petterssoni
pfeifii
phagriformis
phanerophlebias
philippiana
philippina
phillipsiae
philora
phlomos
phosphorea
phyllanthoides
phylloclada
phymatoclada
phymatosperma
physalifolia
physocaulos
physoclada
Picachensis
picta
pileoides
pillansii
Wheeler
Batadis
Boiss.
Ewart &L.R.Kerr.
Engelm.
Sims
Banks & Soland.
A.Rich
S.Wats.
C.A.Mey.
Svent.
Pax
Graessn.
Beker ex Denis
Boiss.
J.Gay ex Boiss.
N.E Bre
(Cockerall)
Candargy
Martius
Boiss.
Boiss.
Boiss.
Boiss.& Geitl.
Boiss.
Mouterde
Boiss.
Brandegee
Jacq.
Millsp .
N.E.Br.
1753 556
557
1938 315-B
1914 551-B
1960
1869-71 700
158
1907 80-5
1898 166-4
1899 289-B
1961 Su-E
1915 270-8
379
1846 605
43h
1966 103-F
1862 63h-A
1938 223-8
1965
1939 169
1860-1 722
1853 596
1926
1859 77-D
212
179 390
577
1889 1bhh-H
aS55° 595
1949 22a
1897 389
LGB,
1921 283-B
1862 157
1862 157
1903 3323-27
1935
686 =A
1820 32h-A
1860 90
1862 238
1860 370
1859 = Shu
1860 195
1853 658-x
1860 28h
1915 166-H
164
1900 80-E
1913 341-8
167
Europ.,As.bor.
Transvaal.
Ind.or.
Texas
Afr.trop.
Sicil.
Isle of Pines,
Cuba
Madag.
Mexico
Little Namag.
Gee okt.
Afr Lusit.or.s
Rhodesia, Zamb.
Peru
Hab.?,Madag.?
Lycra
Austral.,N.Terr.
Amer.bor.
Ins.S.Thomas
Syria
Baja Calif.
Tauria
Ins.Canar.
Afr.trop.
Hab.?
Chili
Somaliland
Lesbos
Brasil, Bahia
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
Syria
Mexico
Syria
Madag °
Mexico
Porto Rico
Hope
168 PoP Ol OnGry lek
pilosa Brot. 1791.
pilosa Chaub.
pilosa D.Don.
pilosa Linn. 1753
pilosa Oursh.
pilosa Vill.
pilosula Engelm.ex Boiss. 1862
pilulifera Linn.ex Boiss. 1862
pilulifera Linn. 1758
pimeleodendron Pax git
pinariona Urb. 1930
Ppindicola Hausskn.
pinea Linn .Syst.
pinea Texid.
pinetorum (Small) (1905)
pinifolia Lam. 1788
pinifolia Willd.
pinnulos a Lojacobg 1907
pinus Leveille 1913
pirahazo Jumelle 1905
pirottae Terrac. 189);
piscatoria Ait. 180):
piscatoria Hub.-Mor.& Kahn 196),
pisidica Hub.-Mor.& Kahn
pistiaefolia Boiss. 1862
pitcairnensis Forest Brown 1935
pithusa Linn. 1753
plagiantha Drake 1903
planiceps A.White DS 1941
platicarpa Pritz.
platyacantha Drake 1903
platyacantha Pax 190),
platycephala Pax 189),
platylepis Decne
platymammillaris Croiz. 1932
platyphylla Linn. 1753
platypoda Pax ena
platysperma Engelm.ex S.Wats.1880
plebeia Boiss. 186
plicata S.Wats. 1886
plumerioioles Teijem.& Hassk.
plemmerae S.Wats. 1893
podadenia Boiss. 1862
podagrica I.M.Johnston 1922
podocarpifolia Urb. 192k
podperae Croiz. 19h7
poecilophylla Prokh. 1933
poeppigii Boiss. 1862
poggei Pax 189)
poinsettiana Buist.ex R.Grah. 1936
poissoni Pax 1902
Vol. 28, no. 2
Europe,As.bore
Mexico
Ceylon,Java
Amer .trope
Afr.trop.or.
Cuba
Europ.
Reg -Medite
Florida
Sicil.
China, Kaveichau
Madag.
Afr.trop.or.
Ins. Madar.
Turcia
Afr.austr.
Tuamotu
Reg.Medit.
Madag.
Afr.austr.
Sphalm.
Madag e
Afr.trop.
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.
Europ.,Afr.bor.
Afr.trop.or.e
S.Calif.
Persia austr.
Mexico
Java
Arizona
Mexico
Nevada
Moravia
Peru
Congo
Afr.trope
1974
poliosperma
polyacantha
polyantha
polycarpa
polycaula
polycephala
polychroma
polyclada
polycnemoides
polygalaefolia
polygonata
polygona
polygonifolia
polygonisperma
polyphylla
polytimetica
pomiformis
pondii
pontica
popayanensis
popovii
porphyrantha
porphyrastra
porteriana
portlandica
portlandica
portlandica
portoricensis
portoricensis
portucasadiana
portulacoides
portulacoides
portulana
postii
potanini
potentilloides
potosina
praecox
pratensis
preslii
preslii
preussii
prieuriana
primlaefolia
procera
procopiana
procumbens
procumbens
procumbens
procumbens
prokhanovii
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Urb.
Boiss.
Benth.
Benth.
Boiss.& Hohen.
Marloth
Kern.
Boiss.
Hochst.ex Boiss.
Boiss.& Reut.
Loddigq
Harv.
Linn.
Gren.& Godr.
Hand. -Mazz.
(Small) Jabl.
Linn.
Salisb.
Jaca.
Urb.
Urb.
(Croiz.) Jabl.
Linn.herb.
Phas
S.Wats.
Boiss.
Prokh.
Boiss.
Savul.& Rayssin
DC.
Hort.ex Boiss.
Meerburg
Mill .
Popov.
1930
1860
18h
184
1853
1931
1875
1860
1862
1860
1806
1753
1892
1933
1915
1890
1919
1899
1961
1895
1925
(1903)
1753
1834,
180h
1899
(193)
170-C
317
1h6
1h6-c
599
169
Cuba
Abyss.
Calif.
Afr.austr.
Hungary
Texas
Abysse
Hispan.
Cape
Eastern U.S.
Florida
Baja Calif.
Armen .Turk.
Colombia
Asia centr.
Chili
Yunnan
Florida
Europ.occe
Reg Medit.
Reg -Medit.
Ind.occ.
Ind .occe
Paraguay
Amer, bor.
Chili, Argent.
Mexico
Syria
Mongol.
Goyaz
Mexico
Ross.
Amer.bor.
Kamer.
Madag.
Bassarabia
Afr.austr.
Thian Shan
170
prolifera
prolifera
promecocarpa
propinqua
propinqua
prorepens
prostrata
prostrata
prostrata
prostrata
proteifolia
provincialis
provincialis
prunifolia
przewalskii
psammophila
pseudagraria
pseudoapios
pseudobrachiata
pseudocactus
Pebey TO) LjOsGraek
Buch, -Ham.
Ehrenb.ex Boiss.
Davis
igisben she Subs
R.Br.
Popov.
Ait.
Burchell
Hort.
J.Grah.
Boiss.
Noe
Wills.
Jacqe
Prokh.
Ule.
P.Smirn.
Maire & Weiller
Dinter
Berger
pseudochamaesyce Fisch.& Mey.
pseudocyparissias Jord.
pseudodendroides H.Lindb,
pseudoduseimata A.White,D.B
pseudoengleri Pax
pseudoesula Schur.
pseudoaecata Chiov.
pseudoglareosa Klokov
pseudoglobosa Marloth
pseudograntii Pax
pseudoholstii Pax
pseudohypogaea Dinter
pseudolucida Schur.
pseudonutans Thell.
pseudopeplus Speg.
pseudoserphyllifolia Greene
pseudosororia Prokh.
pseudotuberosa Pax
pseudovillosa Prodan
pseudovillosa Krokov
pseudovirgata (Schur)Soo
pterococca Brot.
pteroneura Berger
pubentissima Mich.
pubera Blume
puberula Fern.
pubescens Vahl.
pubicaulis S.Moore
pubigera Fn'w.ex Boiss.
pubiglans N.E.Br.
pueblensis Brandegee
1862
1947
1911
1936
1789
138
102-A
1862
1926
1908
1940
1939
1923
1907
18)2
1932
1941
1909
1853
1955
1929
190h
1921
1852
isaly
1902
1890
1930
1908
1953
1855
1930
1907
1803
1901
1791
1926
1862
1915
1917
Vol. 28, noo 2
Reg.Himal.
Syria
Abyss.
Turkestan
Fla.,Tex.,Mexico
Afr.austr.
Tibet Kansu
Brasil
Rossia austr.ore
Cyrenaica
Afr.austr.occe
Hab,?
Yunnan
Marocc.e
Afr.austr.occ.
Afr.trop.
Ukrain,
Cape Prove
Afr .trop.
Afr.trope
Afr.austr.occe
Patag.
Arizona
Afr.austr.
Transylv.
Ukraina
Reg.Medit.
Mexico
Amer .bor.
Mex ey Chiap,, Oaxae
Reg.Medit.
Austral.
Hope
Mexico
1974
pugniformis
pulchella
pulchella
pulchella
pulchella
pulchella
pulcherrima
pulerulenta
pulvinata
pumila
pumila
punctata
punctata
punctulata
pugens
pungens
pungens
punicea
purisimana
purpurascens
purpurascens
purpurascens
purpurascens
purpurata
purpurea
pusilla
pusillima
pycnanthema
pycnophylla
pycnostegia
pygmaea
pygmaea
pygmaea
pyrenaica
pyrifolia
pyriformis
pythiusa
pythiusa
quarad
quadrangularis
quadrata
quadrialata
quartziticola
quinquecostata
quinqueradiata
quintasii
quitensis
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Boiss.
Brouss.in DC.
Hort.
H.B.Ke
Lag.& Rodr.
Sesse & Moc.
Willd.ex Kl.
Kit.ex Reichb.
Marloth
Pall.
Sibth.& Sm.
Delile
Krock.
undersse
Lam.
E.Mey.
(Saland.in)Rus
Swartz
Mill Spe
Salzm.
Schousb,.
Schum.& Thonn.
Deysson
Thuill .
(Rafin.)Fernald
Lag.
Post
Engeln.
C.Koch
Boiss °
Fisch.& Mey.
Ledeb.
Phil.
Jord.
Lam,
N.#.Br.
Friw.
Linn.
Boiss.
1862
1817
1802
1887
183
1909
1853
1768
1889
1878
1908
1932
1816
1895
1859
187
1850
1839
1857-8
18,6
1817
1915
1753
189),
1935
190k
19L6
1890
1958
1892
1862
317-A
317-A
318-K
323-5h
315-13
612-B
ui
171
Hab.?
Mexico
Mexico
Afr,.austr.
Afr.bor.
Europe
Ins.Galopag.
Cilicia
Jamaica
Lower Calif.
Marocce
Hispan.
Syria
Mexico
Ind.or.
Persia,Soongar.
Ins .Mauriti
Afr.austr.
Arab.
Afr.trop.or.
Little Namaq.
Afr.trop.
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Afgan.
Ins.S.Thom.
Ecuador
1862
637
1839
1862
1860
1862
1397
1963
193k
1893
1827
1914
195
(1925)
1382
1885
1955
1889
1965
1856
1915
18h7
1954
1895
1338
196
1914
1852
1907
1899
1862
1925
1902
18,8
1863
18h)
1915
1951
1887
172 Pool Onl OrGeaek
racemosa E.Mey
racemosa Tausch
radians Benth,
radiata f.Mey.
radiata Thunb.
radicans Moric.
radioloides Boiss.
rafinesquii Greene
ragusana Reichenb.
ramanensis Baurn,.
ramiglans N.u.Br.
ramipressa Croizo
ramosa Seaton
ramosissima Hook.& Arn,
ramosissima Loisel.
rangeana Dinter
rangovalensis lLeandri
raphanorriza (Millsp.)
rapulom Kan.& Kir.
rattani S.Wats.
razafinjohanii Ursch.& Leandri
reboudiana Cosso
rechingeri Greuter
recta Kl.
rectirama Net .Br.
recurva Hook.f.
rediviva Svent,.
reflexa Spreng.
reflexa Formanek
refracta Lowe
refugii Croiz.
regina Leveille
regis-jubae Webb.& Berth.
reichenbachiana Willk.
reichenbachiana Lojac.
reineckei Pax
reinhardtii Volkens
reinwardtiana Steud.
remy i A.Gray ex Boiss.
reniformis Blume
renouardi Pax
repanda Sweet
repens C.Koch
repetita Hochst.
resinifera Berg
restiacea Benth.
restituta N.H Br.
restricta Dyer
retroscabra S.Wats.
retusa Bieb,
,02=B
Vs)
146-B
88-H
Vol. 28, no. 2
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Amer .bor.
Jordan
Little Namaq.
Madag.
Mexico
Ins.Pacif.
Afr.austr.occo
Madag.
Soongaria
Calif.
Cult.
Alberia
Creta
Mexico
Orange Free St. -
Galopag.
Hab.?
Europ.or.
Texas
Yunnan
Ins oTeneriff.
Sica,
Ins Samoa
Afr.trop.
Hawaii
Java
Afr.trop.
Ind.or.
Oriens
Abysso
Marocce
Mexico
Little Namaq.
Transvaal.
Mexico
1974
retusa
retusa
reuteriana
revoluta
rhabdodes
rhipsaloides
rhipsaloides
rhombea
rhombifolia
rhytidosperma
rhytisperma
riae
richardiana
ridleyi
riebeckii
riedeliana
rigens
rigida
rigida
rigidula
rigoi
rimarum
rinconis
riparia
rivae
rivasii
robbiae
robecchii
robusta
rochebruni
rochaansis
rockii
rogeri
roemeriana
roeseri
rohleanae
rosea
rosea
rosea
rosei
rossiana
rossica
rosulans
rothiana
rothiana
rothiana
rothrockii
rotundata
rotundifolia
rotundifolia
rotundifolia
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Cav.
Lam,
Boiss.
Engelm.
Boiss.
Lem,
Glaziou
Willd.
Boiss.
Boiss.& Bal.
Engelm.
Pax + H
Baill .
Croiz.
Pax
Boiss.
Sweet
Bieb.
Loisel
Steud.
Boiss.ex Freyn.
Coss.& Bal.
M.E.Jones
Jord.
Pax
Palau Ferrer
Small
Franch & Sav.
(Croiz.)
C.N.forbes
N.E.Brown
Scheele
Orph.ex Boiss.
Velen.
Retz.
Rottb.
Roxb.
(Millsp.)
Pax
Smirn.
A.Theod,
Miq.
Spreng.
Wight.
(Millsp.)Jabl.
Hochst.
Hook.& Arn,
Loisel.
Phil.
553
1788 433
572
1859 152
1860 07
1857 373-x
1912 373-A
525
1860 276
536
1860 12
1922 l3beA
1860-1 318
1937 282-A
176-A
1860 06
519
1808 619-A
1827 690
519
1873 61-A
1908
637
1898 103-A
1853
295-B
1897 58-B
(1945) 5-6
1909 1-C
1911 362-F
1849 563
1862 685
1911
1779-91 1
1803 658-A
101-A
(1916) wk6-c
1910 251-4
1929 350-C
19h1 l6-F
623
620
621
(1916)
688
8h
1809 557
1860 139A
Li
Syria
S.W. U.S.,Mex.
Brasil
Mina Geraes
Afr.austr.
Cilicia
Chili
E.Tibet
Malag.Penins.
Arab,
Brasil
Ins.Cyprus
Marocc.
Amer.bor.
Afr.trop.
Ins.Balear.
Afr.trop.
Amer.Bor,.
Japan
Uruguay
Hawaii
Senegal
Texas
Arab.
India or.
Mexico
Mexico
Rossia
Turkestan
Ind.or.
Mex.,Arizona
Chili
17h
rowlandii
rosulans
rubella
rubens
rubescens
rubicunda
rubida
rubra
rubra
rubra
rubricaulis
rubriflora
rubriflora
rubrosperma
rubrostriata
ruderallis
ruderalis
rudis
rudolfii
ruegeliana
rugosa
rugosissima
rugulosa
rugulosa
ruiziana
ruiziana
rumicifolia
rupestris
rupestris
rupestris
rupicola
rupicola
rusbyi
ruscifolia
ruscinonensis
ruspolii
rutilis
sabulicola
saccharata
sacchii
sagittaria
sagraeana
sahendi
salicetorum
salicifolia
salicifolia
Pony) Oo Li101G fa
Dyer 1958
A.Theod. 1941
Pax 1903
Vilar 1786
Link in Buch.
Blume
Greenm. 1903
Cave
DCs
Pall.
Regel 1856
N,E.Br., 1911
Leveille Fedde 1913
Lotsy 1895
Drake 1903
Dum. 1843
Scheele 18,3
Ne iie Bre 1915
NeBeSiie
Shuttlew 1862
Kalitre
Pau & Tont Ouer 1929
(Rydb.) Jabl. (1906)
Greene 189k,
Boiss. 1862
(K1.& Gke.Boiss.(1859)
Boiss. 1860
Friwald 1862
C.A.Mey.ex Lib. 1830
Larranaga 1923
Boiss °
Scheele 18h9
Greene 1886
Nobis bite 1915
Boiss. 1860
Chiov. 1916
(Millsp.) (191h)
Boiss. 1860
Boisse 1860
Chiov.
Marloth 1930
AeRich.ex Boiss. 1862
Bornm. 1919
Jord.
DC.
Yost. L797
323-A
Lh6-?
324-8
71
157-X
52-D
552
549
Saty)
103-K
43-D
73-A
S67-A
567
326-M
271-C
340
179
1h1-A
150
22k
og
589-4
63
62
6442
Vol. 28, noeee
Transvaal.
Turkestan
Afr.trop.
Gallia
Mexico
Mexico
Tauria
Rhodesa
China, Yunnan
Guatem.
Madag.
Europ.
Gr ..Namaq.
Cape
Banat
Marocc.
Peru
Asemin.
Sibir.
Urug.e
Reg .Medit.occe
Arizona
Mont .Pyren.
Somaliland
Honduras,Guatem.
Brasil
Mexico
Somaliland
Cape Prov.
Persia
Europe
1974 Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
salinia Willd.ex Boiss. 1862
salota Leandri 1947
saltonensis (Millsp-)Jabl. (191k)
sampsoni Hance 1866
sanasunitensis Hand.-Mazz. 1912
sancta Pax 1907
sanguinea Hochst.& Steud, 1862
sanguinea Hort. 1860
sanmartensis Rusby 1920
sansalvador Hort. 1933
santapani A.N.Henry 1965
sapiifolia Baill. 1886
sapini DeWild. 1908
sarati Ardoino 1879
sarawschanica Regel
sarcodes Boiss. 1860
sarcostemmatoides Dinter 1921
sareptana Becker 1858
sarmentosa Welw.ex Pax 1891,
satureioides Lam.
sauliana Boreau ex Boiss. 1866
savaryi Kiss. 1921
saxatilis Biels.
saxatilis Georgi
saxatilis Jacq.
saxatilis Loisel
saxicola Velen. 1971
scandens H.BeK.
scabrella Boiss. 1862
scabrifolia Kurz 1873
scepiformis Buek.
schaeferi Dinter 1921
scheffleri. Pax 1909
schickendantzii Hieron 1881
schimperi Presl. “
schimperi Scheele 18h3
schimperiana Hochst.ex A.Rich.
schinzii Pax 1898
schizacantha Pax
schizadenia Boiss.& Hohen. 1853
schizoceras Boiss. 18):);
schizoclada Baillon 1912
schizolepis F.Mull.ex Boiss. 1862
schizoloba Engeln. 1862
schlechtendalii Boiss. 1860
schlechteri Pax 1901
schleintzii Engl. 1890
schoenlandii Pax 190k,
schottiana Boiss. 1859
schubei Pax 1905
schugnanica B.Fedtsch,. 1916
20
323-69
L7u<A
313-A
1h1-c
179=A
615
323-12
323-C
175
Madag.
Salton Sea
Kurdistan
Abyss.
Arab.Afr.
Hab.?
Colombia
India
Madag.
Afr.trop.
Europ-austr.
Turkestan
Brasil
Afr.austr.occ.
Rossia
Angola
Lydia
Sibir.or.
Rossia
Austria
Siam
Mexico
Mexico
Burma
Afr.austr.occ.
Afr.trop.
Reg.Argent.
Arab.
Arab,
Abyss ©
Afr.austr.
Afr.trop.
Mad age
Austral.
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Austral.
Afr.austr,.
Cilicia
Afr.trop.
Turkestan
176
Poo ysl Orbi0 Geivk
schukuniensis Dyer 190
schultzii Benth.
schurii Simonk. 1886
schweinfurthii Balf. 1885
sciadophila Boiss. 1862
sclerocyathium Korovin & Popov 1927
sclerophylla Boiss. 1660
scolopendria Donn
scoparia Net Bre alghue
scoparia (Small) (1913)
scopiformis Boiss. 1866
scopoliana Steud.
scopulorum Brandegee Loge:
scordifolia Jacq.
scordioides Defr.ex Blatter 1923
scotanum Schlecht. 1817
scottsbergii Sherff. 1936
scripta Somm.& Levier 1892
sechuanica Pax + Hoffm. 1922
seclusa N.E.Br. sksp lk
seemanni Klotzsch. 1856
segetalis .J Grah.
segetalis Linn. 53
segetalis Pall.
segetalis Pall.
segetalis Raul
segoviensis Boiss. 1862
seguieri Nym,
seguieriana Neck. 1770
seguierii All.
selilimocemsos Dyer 19,0
seleri Donn .-Smith 1899
selloi Boiss. 1860
selloi Kl.ex Boiss. 1662
semiperfoliata Viv.
semiverticillata Halacsy 1904
semivillosa Prokh. 1933
sendaica Makino 1910
senguptae Balekr.& Subram. 1960
senilis Standl.& Steyerm.194)
sennii Chiov. 1932
sepium N.i.Br. alent
septemsulcata Vierh. 190h,
seracomans Bubani 183
serawschanica RGL. 1882
serbica Form.
sereti DeWild. 1908
serotina Host.
serpens Baill. 1861-2
serpens Balb.ex Boiss. 1860
serpens HB. Ks 1817
serpentini Novak 192)
310-A
80-A
199
376-A
670
299
373-¥
20-1
275
Bos
163-B
110
211
3-C
h90-A
658
80-C
S79-B
655
573
637
61:7
625-A
20k
655
658
658
169-D
Lok
170-B
67h
581-B
Ush-a
39-A
147-D
382-5
516-B
LhL6-R
318-2
655
80-C
117-2
80
Vol. 28, no. 2
Austral.
Transsil.
ins .socotr.
Brasil
Transcasp.
Afr.austr.
Erythraca,Abyss.
Florida
Afr.austr.
Cilicia
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Arab.?
Mexico
Hawaii
Reg .Cauc.
E Tibet
Erythraea
Europ.
Mexico
Transvaal.
Amer.centr.
Brasil
Brasil
Sardin.
Graecia
Centr.4sia
Japan
India or.,Madras.
Guatem.
Somal.
Senegambia,N Nig.
Socotra.
Mont Pyren.
Asia Centr.
Europe
Afr.trop.
Ins.Bahia
Bahia
Servia
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
197h
serpicula Hiern.
serpiformis Boiss.
serpyllifolia Babl.ex Boiss.
serpyllifolia Pers.
serpyllum (Small)
serrata S.G.Gmel.
serrata Linn.
serrula Engelm.
serrulata Reinw.ex Blume
serrulata Vell.
serrulata Thuill.
sessiliflora Boiss.& Sprun.
sessiliflora E.Mey.
sessiliflora Roxb.
sessilifolia Kl.ex Boiss.
seticornis Poir.
setigera E.Mey.
setiloba Engelm.
setosa Mull .Arg.
sewerzowii Herd.ex Prokh.
sexangularis Henckel
shaferi (Millsp.)
sharkoensis Baill.
shetoensis Pax & K.Hoffm.
shirensis Baker
shouanensis H.Keng
sibirica Fisch.ex.Boiss.
sibthorpii Boiss.
sieboldiana Morr.& Decne
siguatepequensis Standley
sikkimensis Boiss.
silenifolia Sweet
silicicola Dinter
similis A.Berger
simplex C.Koch
simplex Dinter
simulans (Wheeler) Warnock
sinaica Hochst.ex Boiss.
sinaloensis Brandegee
sinclairiana Bengh.
sinensis Jesson & Turrill
sintenisii Boiss.ex Freyn.
sipolisii N.E.Br.
sloanei Wheeler
soanieranensis Ursch.& Leandri
socialis Zoli.
socotrana Balf.
sogdiana Popov.
sojaki
soliflora Vis.ex Boiss.
solisequa
Reichb.
1862
1806
(1913)
1859
1825
184)
1860
1862
185
1857
187
1933
(1913)
1866
1922
189h
1951
1862
1860
1836
1929
1862
191)
1907
188
1931
1960
1862
1905
18h)
1914
1893
1939
1955
18h4
188),
1923
1862
177
Afr.trop.
Ins.Galega
W.eAmer.bor.
Florida
Lusitania
N.Mex. ,Texas
Malaya, China
Burma
Brasil
S.Caktrs »N ~Mexe
Brasil
Cuba
EeTibet
Afr.trop.
Formosa
Graecia
Japan
Reg.Himal.
Afr.austr.occe
Afr.austr.?Natal
Domugled
Afr.austr.occ.
Mexico
Ins .Gorgon.
China bor.occ.
Europ.
Brasil
Mexico
Cult.
Socotra
Bokhara
178
solkinii
somalensis
soobyi
sooi
soongarica
sonorae
sordida
sororia
soulieli
sparrmanni
sparsiflora
spartaria
spartioides
spartioides
spathulaefolia
spathulata
sphaerococca
sphaerorhiza
sphaerosperma
spicata
spinea
spinescens
spinidens
spinosa
spinosa
spinosa
spiralis
splendens
spongiosa
spruceana
sqamigera
squamosa
squarrosa
standleyi
stanfieldii
stapelioides
stapfii
stellaespina
stegmatica
stellata
stellulata
stellulata
stenoclada
stenomeres
stenophylla
stenophylla
stepposa
stevenii
stevensii
steyermarkii
Pon Y TO L0G TA
(not in print)
Pax
McVaugh
T.Simon in Borb.
Boisse
Rose
Kl.ex Boiss.
Schrenk
Sennen
Boiss.
A.A.Heller
N.E.Br.
Hernem,
Jacq.
G.Don in Sweet
Lam.
Salzm.
Benth.
Shuttlew
Linn.
Sibth.& Smith
Viv.
Balf.
Boj.ex Hook.var.
Ledeb.ex Schrank
Boiss.
Loisel
Willd.
Haw.
(Millsp.)Jabl.
(Small) Cory
Boiss.
A.Berger
Haw.
Nel.
Willd.
Salzm.
Salem
Baill.
S.F.Blake
Boiss.
Schur
Zoz
P.M.Bailey
Stewart
Standley
Vol. 28, no. 2
a name in N.Y.B.G. Herb.
1961
1949
1860
1895
1862
185
1931
1860
1911
1822
180),
1788
1839
1862
1862
1915
189)
1933
1753
188),
1829
182)
1862
1799
1827
(1916)
1936
1860
1907
1826
1936
1827
1821
1887
1922
1862
199
1910
1911
19h
323-B
202-A
Somaliland,
Afr.trope
Mexico
Hungary
Sibir.
Mexico
Persia
Hispan.
Austral.
Hawaii
Afr.austr.occ,.
Hab.?
Cape
Ind.or.
Brasil
Mexico
Florida
Afr,austr.
Cape
Afr.trop.or.
Asia centr.
Europ.austr.
Ins.Socotra
Madag.
Peruv.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Uganda
Afr.austr.
Little Namaq.
Afr.austr.
Madag.
Guatem.
Brasil
Transylv.
Ukraina
Australia
Galopag.
Guatem.
197k Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
stictospora Engelm. 1859
stillingeoides
sturii Holuby ex Velen. 1891
stygiana N.C.Wats. 184)
suareziana Croiz. 193k
subamplexicaulis Kar.& Kir. 1841
subapoda Baill. 1887
subcaerulea Robinson 1896
subciliata Pers.
subcordata C.A.Mey. 1830
subcordata Schur
subfalcata Hiern.
subhastata Vis.& Panc. 1661
submamillaris A.Berger 1902
subpeltata S.Wats. 1891
subprostata 1880
subpubens Engelm. 1880
subreniformis S.Wats. 1886
subsalsa Hiern. 1900
subserrata Engelm.ex Boiss. 1862
subterminalis N.E.Er. L913
subtilis Prokh. 1941
subtuberculata C.A.Mey.ex Boiss.1862
subtrifoliata Rusby 1920
subulatifolia Hurusawa 1940
subumbellata Steud.ex Boiss. 1862
succedanea Wheeler 1939
sudanica A.Cheval. 1932
suffruticosa Forsk
suffruticulosa Lecoq.& Lamotte
sulcata DeLens ex Loisel
sulcata Lem.ex Boiss. 1862
sulfurea (Millsp.) (1916)
sumbawensis Boiss. 1862
superans Nel.apud Herre 1950
supina Rafin.ex Boiss. 1862
surinamensis Lanj. 1931
susannai Marloth 1929
sventenii Marcet 1945
swatensis Kitamura 1963
sylvatica Jacq. 673-A
sylvatica Linn. 1753
symmetrica A.White, D.S. 1941
synadenia Baill. 1862-3
synadenium Ridley 1912
syphilitica Hort. 1907
syriaca Spreng.
syrmiensis Kit.ex Boiss. 1862
syspirensis C.Koch 18448
systyla Edgew. 1847
131
658-B
20
290-3
4,88
124-B
525
639
suc
433-A
647-A
334A
53-B
395-B
205-B
323-18
141
103-C
637-X
4462
208 -A
179
S.W.centr.U.S.
Bolivia
Ins.Azor.
Madag.
soongaria
Madag.
Mexico
Soongaria
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Mexico
Afr.trop.
Angola
Persia
Colombia
Corea
Mexico
Sudan
Ins.Rhodos.
Algeria
Calif.
Ins.Sumbawa
Afr.austr.
U.S.,Hawaii
Guiana Bat.
Afr.austr.
Hispan.
Pakistan
As.Min. ;Afr.aust.
Penins.Malaya
Hab.?
Banat
Arab.
180
systyloides
szechuanica
szovitsii
taboraensis
tacnensis
taitensis
taitensis
takouensis
talastavica
talyschensis
tamanduana
tamaulipasana
tanaensis
tanaicensis
tanaitica
tannensis
tannensis
tangutica
tanquahuete
taourinensis
taqueti
tarapacana
tardieuana
tarokoensis
tashiroi
tatarica
tatianae
taurica
tauricola
taurinensis
taxifolia
teheranica
teke
telephioides
tellieri
tenar
tenebrosa
tenella
tenella
tenera
tenuicaulis
tenuifolia
tenuifolia
tenuirama
tenuis
tenuissima
POHY TOhL OG T7A
Pax 189 381-A
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1922 638-A
Fisch.& Mey. 1833 566
A.Hassler 1931
Phil. 1891 188-B
Boiss. 1860 12
Pax : 190, 323-15
Leveille & Vaniot1908 43-G
Prokh. 1933 486-A
Boiss.& Buhse 1860 90-C
Boiss. 1860 17h
(Millsp.)Jabl. (1916) 129-A
Bally 196, 323-16
Guss. 588
Paczoski 1891
Hort.ex Boiss. 1862 525
Spreng. 698
Prokh. 1926
Sesse & Moc. 1894,
Battand,& Trab. 1918
Leveille & Vaniot 3-F
Philly. 1891 188-A
Leandri 1946 323-58
Hayata 1918
Hayata 1920
Jacq. 1862 bh
Theodorov 1954
Bess.ex Link 573
Prokh. 1949 109-B
Faas 570
Burm. 66,-B
Boiss. 1860 609
Schweinf.ex Pax;Croiz.1938 296-A
Chapm. 1860 394
A.Chev. 1933
Burch 275-0
N.E.Br. 1912 318-5
H.B.K. a ioialy Mealsye!
Pax & H.B.K. 1817 255-B
S.Wats. 1882-3
Dinge ex Range 1938 373-B
Bieb. 1808 630
Lam. 1788 633
Schweinf. 1907 311A
Buch.Ham. 719
M.E.Jones 1933 12h-C
Vol. 28, no. 2
Zanzib.
E .Tibet
As.Min. ;Persia
Tanganyika
Peru, Chili
Taiti
Afr.trop.
Corea
Persia,Talysch.
Brasil
Kenya
Sicilia
Rossia
Europe
Ins .eTanna
Tibet, Kansu,Szec.
Mexico
Marocc.
Corea
Chili
Madag.
Formosa
Formosa
Himal.
Transcaspe
Europ.austr.
Crimea
Europ.austr.
Afr.austr.
Persia
Afr.trop.
Florida
Sudan,Gall.
Afr.trop.
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Namaq.
Gallia
Arab.
Nepal
Mexico
1974
terracina
terracina
terracina
terracina
tesselata
tessmanii
tetracanthoides
tetraceras
tetraceras
tetradenia
tetragona
tetragona
tetragona
tetrapora
tetraptera
tettensis
tetuanensis
texana
thamoides
theodosia
theriaca
thetesperma
thessala
thi
thinophila
thompsonii
thomsoniana
thouarsiana
thymifolia
thyrsiflora
thyrsoidea
tianshanica
tibetica
tigridis
tinctoria
tinianensis
tirucalli
tirucalli
tirucalli
tisserantii
tithymaloides
togakusensis
togoensis
tollmena
tomentella
tomentella
tomentosa
tomentulosa
tommasiniana
tonsita
torralbasii
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Griseb.
Lag.
Linn.
Reichenb.
Haw.
Mansf.
Pax
Lange
Szowits
Brandegee
Baker
Haw.
Hochst °
Engeln.
Baker
Klotzsch, ,Boiss.
Pau
Boiss e
Boiss.
Sennen
Wheeler
Hochst.ex Boiss.
(Forman)
Schweinf.
Foil.
Holmboe
Boiss.
Baill.
Linn.
Griseb °
Boisse
Prokh.
Boiss.
Boiss.
Boiss.
Hosokawa
Forsk.
Linn.
Thunb.
A.Cheval.
Linn.
Hayata
Pax
Engelm.ex Boiss.
Zipp.
Pers.
S.Wats.
Bertol.
(Millsp.)Jabl.
Urb e
1816
1753
1896
1929
1865
1914
1860
1626
1859
1885
1862
1929
1860
1860
1936
1941
1862
1897
1868
1873
191
1862
1860-1
1753
1862
1930
1862
1862
1862
1935
1753
1951
1753
1909
1862
18h1
1887
1888
(1916)
1899
S71
457
625
570
326
213-C
323-7
S7u-A
657
298
316
317
560
286-A
167
541
518
161-D
380
652-A
316-A
396-2
AK)
285
102
67
648
4L6-D
Lb
100
657
375
373
272
372
90
179
110
43-M
634-B
80-L
181
-Reg.Medit.
Cape
Peru, Orient
Afr.trop.
Persia
Afr.austr.
Afr.austr.
Texas
Madag.
Afr.trope
Marocc.
Texas
As.Min. ,Syria
Marocc.
Texas
Afr.trop.
Chili
Cyprus
Reg.Himal.
Madag.
Tropics
Reg.Himal.
Asia centr.
Reg.Himal.
Persia
Ins.Marian.
Afr.or.,iInd.or.
Afr.,Gall.centr.
Japan
Afr.trop.
Mexico
Ins.Timor
L.Calif.
S.E.,E.C.Europ.
Cuba
182
torrida
torta
tortilis
tortirama
tortistyla
tovarensis
toxicaria
toxicaria
tozzii
trachyphylla
trachysperma
tracyi
transoxana
transsilvanica
trancapatae
transtagana
transvaalensis
triaculeata
triangularis
tribuloides
trichadenia
trichocardia
trichogona
trichophylla
trichotoma
tricolor
tricuspidata
tridentata
triflora
triflora
trigona
trigona
trigona
trigonocarpa
triloba
trinervia
trinervia
trinervis
triodonta
triphylla
tristis
triumfetti
troodii
troyana
truncata
tshuiensis
tsukampotoi
tsimbaxazae
tuberculata
Pond Tt O-E 0 Crrs
DC.
Pax & K.Hoffm.
Rottl.
Dyer
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Afzel
Noisette
Chiov.
A.Rich.
Engelm.
(Small)
Prokh.
Schur.
(Croiz.)
Boiss.
Schlechter.
Forsk.
Desf.
Lam.
Pax
L.B.Smith
Bertol.
Baker
H.BeK.
Greenm.
Lapeyr.
Lam.
Schott
Sesse & Moc.
Haw.
Mill.
Roxb.
Fisch.
Sesse & Moc.
Boiss.
Schumm & Thonn
Bertol.
Prokh.
Willd.
Bess.
Bertol.
Post
Urb.
N.E.Br.
(Prokh.)
Honda
Leandri
Jacq.
tuberculatoides N.E.Br.
Vol. 28, no. 2
1841 228 Mexico
1910 323-12 Tangan.Terr.
1911 304 Ind.or.
1937 §=323-hh Transvaal.
ikea BL 323-9 Rhodesia
1860 208 Venez.
296
Hab.?
1932 Somal., Ital.
262
1859 95 Arizona,Mexico
(1903) 156 U.Ss
1930 91-B Asia centr.
1852 647
(19L6) h3-L Peru
1860 Sol Lusitania
1896 §=483-C Transvaal.
322 Arab.
1808 323-X Cape,coast reg.,
East London.
1788 §=61h4
189 33-A Angola
1936 Mexico
158
1883 110-A Madag.
1817 09 Florida,Cuba
1898 210 Mexico
Sug
1788 328-A
653 Dalmatia
1887-90 Mexico
305 Ind.or.,Malaya
38
395 Ins.Molucc.
Lush
188 7-90 Mexico
592
aly; Afr.trop.
52
1930 387-B
1859 192
Toda (6357
637
Europe
1908 10-A Jamaica
1915 353-B Transvaal. ,Natal
1880 639A
1934 Japan
19h6 =290=A Madag.
180, 325-£ Afr.austr.
1974
tuberosa
tuberosa
tubiglans
tuckeyana
tugelensis
tumbaensis
tumistyla
tunetana
turbiniformis
turcomanica
turczaninowi
turkestanica
turkestanica
turpini
tyraica
ucrainica
ugandensis
uhehensis
uhligiana
uliginosa
uliginosa
umbellulata
umbratilis
umbrosa
uncinata
undulata
undulata
undulata
undulatifolia
unicornis
uniflora
uniflora
uniflora -
uniflora
uniglandulosa
unilateralis
unispina
uralensis
urbanii
urceolophora
usambarica
ussanguensis
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Linn. 1753
N.E.Rose 1891
Marloth 1934
Steud.
N.E.Pr. 1915
DeWild. 1908
(Burch) A.R.Smith(1966)
Vierh. 1927
Chiov. 1929
Boiss. 1860
Kar.& Kit. 182
Franch. 188),
Regel 1882
Boiss. 1660
Klokov & Artemcz 1955
Andrz.ex Trautv. 188)
Pax & K.Hoffm. 1910
Pax
Pax 1909
Lange 1865
Welw.ex Boiss. 1862
Engelm.ex Boiss. 1862
Lindh.
Bert.ex Spreng.
DC.
Bieb. 1808
Schweigg.
Willd.
Janse 1953
Dyer 1951
Dalz.& Sibs
G.Don
Rafin. 1808
Roxb.
S.Wats. 1887
Blakelock 1948
N.E£.Br. LOL
Fisch.ex Link 1822
(Millsp.) (1916)
Parodi 1881
Pax 189
N.E.Br. 1912
358
358
323-X
26
3L-A
433-L
158-G
516-A
100
388
552-A
639-A
118
619 =A
67-A
323-C
510-A
501
126
189
299
632
642-A
530
323-222
157-4
720
720
h63-A
723-8
634-D
67-3
323-23
183
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Ins.Cap.Vard.
Afr.trop.
Haiti
Afr.bor.
Somaliland
Turcoman.
Turkest.
Turkest.
Turkest.
S.Domingo
Ukraina
Ukraina
Afr.trop.
Afr.trop.
Afr.trop.
Lusitan,.
Texas
S.Domingo
Afr.austr.
Reg .Casp.Sibir.
Ind.or.
Afr. Lusit.ore
Amer.austr.
Amer .bor.
Ind.or.
Mexico
Iraq.,As.Min.,
Palest.
Togo, Nigeria
S.E.C. Europ.
Reg.Argent.
Afr.trop.or.
Afr.trop.or.
18), Prey TiOcL OG
vaccaria Baillon 1866
vachellii Hook.& Arn, 1825
vaginulata Griseb. 186)
vahlii Willd. 2 1860
valdevillosocarpa Arvat.& Nyar 1935
valentina Jacq. 1804
valeriana Pers.
valerianaefolia Lam. 1.788
valerii Standley 1927
valida NEBr. 1915
valliniana Belli. 1903
vallismortae (Millsp. (1916)
vandermerwei Dyer 1937
variabilis Cesati 1838
varians Haw.
variegata Heyne
variegata Deflers 1883
variegata Sims
vaseyi Coult. 1890
vauthieriana Boiss. 1860
vedica Ter-Chatschat 1965
velenovskyi Bornm. 19e8
velleriflora Boiss. 1862
velleriflora (Millsp.) (1916)
velligera Schauer 18117
velutina K.Schum, 1889
velutina Greene 1886
velutina Pax 1895
velwitschii Boiss;& Reut. 1862
venenata Schlecht. 187
venenata Marloth 1930
veneris Khan 1963
veneta Tenore
veneta Willd.
vepretorum Drake 1903
verapazensis Standl.& Steyerm.19));
verdickii DeWild 1906
vermiculata Raf. 1817
vermiformis M.E Jones 1930
verna Salzm. 1878
verna Phil. 1895
verrucosa Bertol.
verrucosa Desf.
verrucosa Georgi
verrucosa Guss.
verrucosa Lam,
verrucosa Linn,Mant.
verrucosa Linn, 1753
verrucosa Pall.
verruculosa N.E.Br, 1925
versicolor Greene 1881
Vol. 28, no, 2
Bahamas ,Turkist.
Bessarab.
Hispan.
Costa Rica
Cape
Ital.,S.W.Alger.
Caltiitve
Transvaal
Reg .Medit,.
Yemen
Texas
Brasil
Transcaucas
Bulgaria
Mexico
Mexico
N Guin.
L.calif.
Afr,trop.or.
Afr.trop.
Gt .Namaq.
Cyorus
Madag.
Guatem,
Afr trop °
Hastern U.S.
Arizona
Chili
Europe
Gt Namaq.
Amer .bor.
197
verticillata
verticillata
verticillata
verticillata
verticillata
verticillata
vestita
vezorum
viatilis
viellardi
viguieri
villifera
villosa
villosa
villosulae
villosior
villosissima
villosula
viminalis
viminalis
viminalis
viminea
vinyalsi
violacea
viperina
virgata
virgata
virgata
virgultosa
viridiflora
viridis
virosa
viscoides
vitellina
volgensis
volkensii
volkensii
vollii
volkmannae
wagneri
wahlbdergia
wakefieldii
wallichiana
wallichii
watanabei
Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum
Fisch,
Glaziou
Orph.ex Boiss.
Poir.
Vell .
Pax
Boiss.
Leandri
Ule
Baill.
Denis
Scheele
Friwald
Waldst.& Kit.
Urb.
(Millsp.) Jabl. (1916)
in 1862
Kl.ex Boiss.
Pax
Burm.
Linn.
Mill.
Hook .fe
Sennen
Greenm.
A.Berger
Desf.
Noe ex Nym.
Waldst.& Kit.
Klokov.
Waldst.& Kit.
Ruiz
Willd.
Boisse
Losc.& Park
Kryshtof
Pax
Werth
Rech.f.
Dinter
Soo
Boiss.
N.E.Br.
Boiss.
Hook.f.
Makino
1812
1912
1860
1947
1908
1861-2
1921
189
1802
1899
189),
1753
1851
1931
1898
1902
33
1805
1955
1860
1799
1860
1929
1895
1901
1963
1928
1924
1862
1912
1862
1887
1920
668
323-20
80
439A
185
Goyaz
Afr.austr.
Mexico
Madag.
Peru
N.Caled.
Madag.
Texas,Yucatan,
Guatem.
S.Domingo
Afr.trop.or
Ins.Galope
Hispan.
Mexico
Afr.austr.
Moravia
Europe
Ukraina
Peru
Cape
Brasil ,Goyaz.
Rossia
Afr.trop.or.
Afr.trop.
Afgan.
Afr.austr.occ.
Hungary
Afr eaustr e
Afr Bril.or.
Reg eHimal.
Japan
186
waterbergensis
watsonii
weberaueri
wellbyi
welwitschii
whalii
wheeleri
whitei
whitesioaneana
whyteana
wightiana
wightiana
wilmanae
wilsonii
wimmeriana
winkleri
wittmanni
woodii
woronowii
wrightii
wilfeni
wulfenii
xalapensis
xanthadenia
xanti
xbacensis
xeropoda
xylacantha
xylophylloides
xylopoda
yamashitae
yaqiana
yayalesia
yemenica
yucatanensis
yungasensis
PH TOL OG rz
Dyer
Millsp.
Mansf.
NH Br.
Boisse& Reut.
Willd.ex K1.& Gke.1860
Baill,
Wheeler
Manaa
Baker f.
Boiss.
Hook.f.
Marloth
(Millsp.)Jabl.
J.Wagn.
Grosshein
Torr.& Gray
Held.ex Nym.
Hoppe
H.BeK.
Denis
Engelm.
Millsp.
Brandegee
Pax
Brongn.
Greenm.
Kitamura
Tidestr.
Urb.
Boiss.
(Millsp.)
Rusby
1951
1890
1931
1912
1862
1866
1939
192
1894
1860
1887
1931
(1909)
1922
1860
1915
1916
1860
1829
1817
roe
1862
1898
1917
1857
1898
1958
1935
1930
1860
(1916)
1885
Vol. 28, no. 2
Transvaal.
L.Calif.
Peru
Abyss.
Lusitan,.
Egypt
Austral.
Mexico
Cult.
Afr.trop.
Deccan.
Afr.austr.
Bahamas
Hungary
Afr.trop.
Reg.Cauc.
Natal.
Transcauc.
Headw.Colorado
Dalmatia
Mexico
Madag.
Calif.
Mexico
Mexico
Afr.trope
Madag.
Oaxaca
Afghan.
Cuba
Arab.
Mexico
Bolivia
197k Jablonski, Catalogus Euphorbiarum 187
zahnii Heldr.ex Halacsy 190, 682-C Graecia
zakamenae Leandri 1845 288-38 Madag.
zambesiana Benth. 1888 17)-A Afr.trop.
zanaharensis Ursch.& Leandri 1955 290-F Cult.
zenkeri Pax 433-K Afr.trop.
zeylana N.£.Br. 191-3, -{LLO Somaliland
zhigulensis Prokh. 1941 63-B
zierioides boiss. 1862 203 Mexico
zinniiflora (Small) Jabl. (1898) Georgia
zinniifolia (Small) Jabl. (1898) Georgia
zonosperma Muell.Arg. 1874 262-A Brasil
zornioides Boiss. 1862 35 Ind.or.
zoutpansbergensis Dyer 1938 331-C Transvaal.
zygophylloides Boiss. 1960 a Texas
COMBRETUM LAXUM JACQ. VAR. EPIPHYTICUM (COMBRETACEAE)
A CASE OF SELECTION FOR WATER DISPERSAL
Thomas B. Croat
Missouri Botanical Garden*
Combretum laxum Jacq. is an extremely variable species
ranging from Mexico to Argentina and the West Indies. In
Mexico and upper Central America it flowers from February
to September but mostly in April and May, whereas in South
America it flowers July-November, especially during September
and October. Fruit morphology in both Central and South
America is quite variable, ranging from broadly to narrowly
4-winged. Perhaps due to the influences of the phenologically
different races in North America and South America two dis-
tinct types of plants have evolved in Panama. The typical
plants of Combretum laxum in Panama differ very little from
plants of the species in Central and South America. Other
plants represented by the name Combretum epiphyticum Pittier
are both morphologically and ecologically distinct. Combretum
epiphyticum Pittier was described from the Canal Zone but
was later included in synonymy by Exell in the Flora of
Panama. Although the broad view taken by Exell (1958) is
quite appropriate for so complex a species as Combretum
laxum, there is also a need for the recognition of the large
and consistent differences which occur in Panama. I am
therefore proposing to elevate Combretum epiphyticum Pittier
to a varietal level of C. laxum Jacq.
Though some of the morphological and phenological
features of var. epiphyticum are exhibited in var. laxum
elsewhere in Central America, notibly the predominantly
April-May flowering period and the tendency toward a thicker,
narrowly-winged fruit, these features are not correlated in
any way except in Panama.
The following key and descriptions are provided to
separate the two varieties of Combretum laxum in Panama. An
exsiccatae is also provided since the two taxa were consid-
ered as one in the Flora of Panama treatment.
*The author is indebted to Mr. Phillip Busey who, while
an employee on the Flora of Barro Colorado Island Project,
pointed out the differences between the two taxa involved in
this study.
188
197k Croat, Canbretum laxum 189
Key to varieties of Combretum laxum in Panama
Plants flowering March-April; fruits maturing August-
September; young stems, axes of inflorescence and petioles
densely ferruginous-tomentose; lower surface of blade
conspicuously pubescent; fruit merely 4-angled or if
4-winged, sulcate less than halfway to center of fruit.
var. epiphyticum
Plants flowering mostly October-November (some flowers
persisting longer on old inflorescences); fruits maturing
January-March; young stems, axes of inflorescence and
petioles glabrous or puberulent, never densely ferruginous-
tomentose; lower blade surface glabrous or nearly so;
fruit prominently winged, sulcate well over halfway to
center of fruit.
var. laxum
COMBRETUM LAXUM Jacq. var. EPIPHYTICUM (Pittier) comb. novo
Combretum epiphyticum Pittier, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
Sse 247. WO
Shrub or low, sprawling liana usually to 8 m tall.
Leaves opposite; petioles 2-7 mm long, densely ferruginous-
tomentose; blades ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic to obo-
vate, gradually to abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at
base and inconspicuously subcordate (the sinus 2-4 mm deep),
6-16 cm long, 2.5-7 cm wide, lateral veins 10-14 pair, the
secondary lateral veins usually continuous between primary
laterals, upper surface sparsely short-pilose throughout,
somewhat denser on midrib, deciduous in age except along
midrib, lower surface similarly pubescent but denser, the
trichomes persisting in age. Panicles terminal or upper
axillary; branches opposite or in whorls of three, the
lower subtended by small leaves, the upper by lanceolate,
caducous bracts ca 4 mm long; rachises, peduncles and
ovary very densely ferruginous-tomentose; flowers sessile,
closely aggregated, subtended by a subulate, caducous brac-
teole to 1.5 mm long; lower receptacle ovoid, ca 1 mm long;
upper receptacle cup-shaped, 1.2-1.5 mm long, including
the 4 triangular calyx lobes; petals 4, broadly obovate,
white, ca 1 mm diam., glabrous; stamens 8, ca 4 mm long,
glabrous; anthers reddish-brown, broader than long, ca
-5 mm broad. Fruits ovoid in outline, acute at apex, ob-
tuse at base, 1.7-2.2 cm long, prominently 4-ridged, the
ridges sharp, wing-like, the grooves extending less than
halfway to center of fruit.
190 FOR Ye) O° O'G ek Vol. 28, nosac
Plants flower in March and April; fruits mature during
August and September. The variety is known only from trop-
ical moist forest in the vicinity of the Isthmus of Panama
and from tropical wet forest on the Pacific coast in Veraguas
Province.
The supposed epiphytic nature of the plant, as suggested
by the name and data from the type collection described as
"growing on dead tree in lake," is quite uncertain. No
subsequent collection has indicated an epiphytic plant. It
is quite likely that the species is very tolerant of water
and that it may be rooted beneath water, as it true of many
other species of trees or lianas.
While light, narrowly-winged fruits tend to be the rule
in the genus Combretum, a few such as C. cacoucia Exell and
E. laxum var. ~ epiphyticum (Pittier) Croat, have heavier-
bodied fruits which are only ridged or with a very narrow
wing probably functionless in anemochory. As might be
expected, all collections of var. epiphyticum have been made
in close association with bodies of water. Fruits are very
bouyant and are no doubt largely water-dispersed. Combretum
cacoucia also usually grows in association with water and
has bouyant fruits. The fact that isolated species of Com-
bretum, belonging to different sections of the genus, have
become adapted to hydrochory, strongly indicates that wing-
less, hydrochorous species have been derived from winged
species (Exell, 1958). Since the typical variety is wide-
spread, the implication is that var. epiphyticum has been
derived from var. laxum. The alternative of a now extinct
ancestor with an unknown fruit type is of course also pos-
sible.
CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island; western side of Gross
Point Peninsula, Croat 5090 (MO); Coco Solo, U.S. Army Tropic
Test Center, Mine Implacement Center, Dwyer & Duke 7879 (MO);
Cano Quebrada, growing on dead tree in lake (Gatun Lake),
Pittier 6819 (holotype, US), 6668 (US); Gatun in swamps,
Hayes 7 (MO); Summit Garden, cultivated? C. Callen 376 (MO).
VERAGUAS: Bahia Honda, near Pueblo Nuevo, Barclay 2831 (MO)
(This collection was made in 1839).
COMBRETUM LAXUM Jacq. var. LAXUM, Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760
For a complete synonymy see Exell (1958), Flora of Panama
Liana. Leaves opposite or subopposite, + glabrous;
petioles 2-7 mm long; blades lanceolate to oblong-elliptic
or ovate-elliptic, acuminate at apex, obtuse to rounded and
197) Croat, Combretum laxum 191
inconspicuously subcordate at base (sinus 1-2 mm deep), 10-17
cm long, 3-6 cm wide, subcoriaceous, prominently arched along
midrib, drying dark, glabrous to inconspicuously puberulous
on lower surface and often pubescent in axils of lower sur-
face, often inconspicuously punctate below. Panicles terminal
or upper axillary; flowers sessile, white or yellowish, very
fragrant, 4-parted; lower receptacle ovate-oblong, densely
dark-strigose in lower 2/3, sparsely so above and on upper
receptacle, the latter cup-shaped, ca 1.5 mm long including
lobes; calyx lobes broadly triangular; petals rounded, ca 1
mm wide, white, spreading, + clawed at base; stamens 9, ca
4 mm long, exserted; style to 4 mm long. Fruit ovoid to sub-
orbicular, emarginate at apex, cordate at base, 1.5-2 cm long,
1.5-1.7 cm wide, yellowish-brown, 4-winged, the wings to 7 mm
wide, the body of fruit to 4 mm wide.
Flowers mostly October and November but with flowers
persisting sometimes until February. Fruits mature January
to March. Ranges from Mexico to Northern Argentina.
The type of Combretum laxum is from Santo Domingo. West
Indian material of the species is close to that of upper
Central America. Leaf blades are usually glabrous, except
for axillary tufts. They are not at all or only moderately
punctate. Plants in Panama and South America are usually
glabrous or sometimes only with inconspicuous axillary tufts.
Most South American specimens are conspicuously punctate and
also often have lepidote scales.
CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island: Aviles 18 (F, MO);
Shoreline south of Colorado Point, Croat 7883 (MO); Cove
south southeast of Pena Blanca Pt., Croat 8405 (MO); First
cove south of Barbour Point, Foster 1327 (DUKE, F, MO, PMA);
East shore of Pena Blanca, Foster 1412 (DUKE, MO, PMA);
Pearson Inlet, Shattuck 685 (F, MO); Drowned forests along
Rio Chagres between junction with Rio Pequeni and Rio Indio,
alt. 66 m, Steyermark & Allen 16774 (MO).
DARIEN: Rio Sabana, 0-4 mi from Santa Fe, Duke 4125 (MO);
Rio Tuira, between R. Penusa and R. Mangle, Duke 14631 (MO).
PANAMA: Vicinity of El Llano, Duke 5804 (MO); Woods along
Pan-Am Highway ca half way between El Llano and Rio Mamoni,
Duke 5608A (MO); Drowned forests of Quebrada Tranquilla and
its branches, 70-80 m., Dodge & Allen 17501 (MO).
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS, LXVII
Harold N. Moldenke
ALOYSIA TERNIFOLIA f. OPPOSITIFOLIA Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis oppositis 3.8--6
cm. longis usque ad 2.3 cm. latis marginibus versus apicem per-
spicue serratis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves decussate-opposite, with the blades 3.8-—-6 cn.
long, to 2.3 cm. wide, and distinctly sharp-serrate from the
middle or below the middle to the apex.
The type of the form was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no.
26516) at the edge of Rio Bonito, in the Municipality of Pitanga,
Paran4, Brazil, on February 25, 1971, and is deposited in my
personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. The collector de-
scribes the plant as a shrub, to 2 m. tall, with white flowers.
ERIOCAULON DALZELLII var. GLABRATUM Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei capitulis glabris vel
subglabratis atrogriseo-nigris recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
its flowering heads being much smaller, glabrous or subglabrate
throughout as viewed from outside under a handlens, and dark
ashy-gray to black in overall appearance.
The type of the variety was collected by V. N. Naih in the
Western Ghats of India on September 7, 1971, and is deposited in
the Herbarium Jutlandicum at Aarhus University. The collector
describes the plant as rhizomatous and herbaceous, growing in
streambeds.
LIPPIA PETIOLATA Moldenke, sp. nov.
Herba perenna, xylopodio crasso lignoso subterraneo; caulibus
paucis erectis 30-5 cm. altis gracilibus in statu juvenile
dense pubescentibus; foliis ternatis perspicue petiolatis; petio-
lis 3--5 mm. longis adpresse pubescentibus; laminis foliorum
crasse coriaceis subovalibus-ellipticis 2--4.5 cm. longis 1—2.3
cm. latis obtusis regulariter dentato-serratis; inflorescentiis
axillaribus terminalibusque densissime capitato-spicatis.
Perennial herb, growing from a heavy woody underground xylo-
podium; stems several (usually 2 or 3) per plant, erect or as-
cending, the younger parts densely short-pubescent with brownish
hairs, subglabrescent in age; principal internodes elongate to 7
cm. on older stems, more abbreviated on younger parts; leaves
ternate, distinctly short-petiolate; petioles slender, 3--5 mn.
long, appressed-pubescent; leaf-blades firmly coriaceous, stiff,
rather grayish-green on both surfaces, elliptic or almost oval-
elliptic, 2--.5 cm. long, 1--2.3 cm. wide, obtuse at the apex,
mostly acute at the base, regularly dentate-serrate with unifom
192
1974 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 193
rather bluntish or subacute teeth along the margins from almost
the base to the apex, subbullate and roughish to touch above,
regularly short-strigillose with stiff whitish hairs above,
rather densely short-pubescent beneath; midrib and the }—6 ir-
regularly placed pairs of secondaries impressed above and very
prominent beneath; veinlet reticulation also more or less impres-
sed above and prominent beneath; inflorescence axillary in the
several uppermost leaf-axils and terminal, capitate-spicate, 1.5-
2 cm. long, densely many-flowered; bractlets lanceolate, ca. 5
mm, long, 2 mm. wide at the base, gradually attenuate to the a-
pex, several striate, rather sparsely short—pubescent on the out-
er surface with subappressed hairs and also glandular-granular;
corolla hypocrateriform, lavender-purple, its tube about 5 mm.
long, at first yellow, eventually red-violet.
The type of this species was collected by H. S. Irwin, H. Max-
well, and D. C. Wasshausen (no. 20509) on campo and in gallery
forest margins, in the Serra do Cipéd, Minas Gerais, at km. 135
(about 150 km. north of Belo Horizonte), at an altitude of 1250
meters, Brazil, on February 19, 1968, and is deposited in the
Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The species
is obviously closely related to L. lacunosa Mart. & Schau., but
is easily distinguished by its petiolate acute-based leaves.
PAEPALANTHUS SESSILIFLORUS var. VENEZUELENSIS Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit sepalibus mascu-
lis ad apicem acutis non truncatis nec erosis, bracteolis invol-
ucrantibus ad apicem obtuse non argute cuspidatis pergradatim
attenuatis, et staminibus subexsertis.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having the sepals of the staminate florets acute (not truncate
nor erose) at the apex, the involucral bractlets obtusely (not
sharply) cuspidate and more gradually attenuate, and the stamens
barely exserted.
The type of the variety was collected by Julian A. Steyermark,
Cora Steyermark, John Wurdack, Marie Wurdack, and Hans Wiehler
(no, 106609) in open dry sand on the plateau above Kam4-mer(,
Carretera El Dorado to Santa Elena de Uairen, 198 km. south of
El Dorado, at 1200--1,00 meters altitude, Bolfvar, Venezuela, be-
tween December 7 and 10, 1972, and is deposited in my personal
herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. I am deeply indebted to
Dr. Steyermark for making the careful floral dissections and
supervising the making of the accompanying illustrations.
Explanation of plate: A - Habit, B - Involucral bractlet, C -
Staminate floret, D - Staminate perianth opened to show the in-
terior with three stamens, E - Pistillate floret, F - Inner
perianth segment (petal) of pistillate floret, G—- Pistil, H-
Upper portion of hair.
STACHYTARPHETA GESNERIOIDES var. SIMPLEX (Hayek) Moldenke, stat.
nov.
Stachytarpheta simplex Hayek in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 3: 273.
1907
19h PRHoyeT 07G207G 7k Vol. 28, no. 2
1974 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 195
VERBENA CABRERAE var. ANGUSTILOBATA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei lobis foliorum uniforme
linearibus lineari-oblongisve anguste oblongisve recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having the divisions of its leaf-blades uniformly linear (on the
uppermost leaves), linear-oblong (on intermediate leaves), or
narrowly oblong (on lower leaves), of uniform diameter through-
out.
The type of the variety was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no.
23852) in the cerrado at Col, Paxixi, in the Municipality of
Aquidauana, Mato Grosso, Brazil, on Meneame 20, 1973, and is de-
posited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, ’ New Jersey. The
collector describes the plant as erect, 40 cm. tall, with violet-
colored flowers.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XX
Harold N. Moldenke
VERBENA [Dorst.] L.
Additional bibliography: Gaines & Swan, Weeds East. Wash. 230,
231, & 349. 1972; Anon., Sat. Review World Hov. 20: 33. 1973;
Frohne & Jensen, System. Pflanzenr. 203, 261, & 305. 1973; A.
Hansen, Cuat. Bot. Canar. 18-19: 13. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot.
A,21: 116 & 117. 1973; Jackson & Perkins, Seedbook 1972-1973: 18.
1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3): 542—56 & 783, pl. 195 &
196. 1973; Rogerson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 192. 1973; W. A.
Burpee, Burpee Seeds 1974: 54. 1974; Lasser, Braun, & Steyerm.,
van Bot. Venez. 9: 36. 1974; Moldenke, Phytologia. 28: 104—-120.
1974.
A Verbena perfume is offered for sale by Caswell-Massey Com-
pany, Ltd., of New York.
VERBENA ABRAMSI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.21: 117.
1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 109—110. 197).
VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb.
Additional bibliography: Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): Shh,
ata & 783, pl. 196. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 110--111.
1974.
Illustrations: Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): [545], pl. 196
(in color). 1973.
VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA Nutt.
Additional bibliography: Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): [53]
Suu, & 783, pl. 195. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 112—1l1h. 197].
196 Per Ytr Orn O°G Ik Vol. 28, no. 2
Additional illustrations: Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3):
[543], pl. 195 (in color). 1973.
The Abedin 2643, Boulos s.n. [July 1952], Drar & Mahdi 2525,
Hassib s.n. [7/3/1929] & Sn. n. [22/4/1941], Hellendoorn s.! sen. [18/
7/1965], Herd. Univ. Kahir. s.n., Sisi s.n. [30/5/1973], G. T&ck-
holm s.n. - [October ber 1925], and V. T&ckholm s.n. [2/11/1959], dis-
tributed as ve. bipinnatifida, are actually all V. tenuisecta Brig.
VERBENA BONARIENSIS L.
Additional bibliography: A. Hansen, Cuad. Bot. Canar. 18-19:
13. 1973; Lasser, Braun, & Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 9: 36. 197h;
Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 11y--117. 197h.
Lasser, Braun, & Steyermark (197) record this species as cul-
tivated in Venezuela. The H. N. Moldenke 8551, distributed and
previously cited by me as V. r, bonariensis, is is actually var. con-
glomerata Briq., while Balakrishnan NBK. NBK «413 is V. rigida Spreng.
Additional citations: PAKISTAN: Northwest Provinces: S. Khan
508 (Kh).
VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. CONGLOMERATA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 116—117.
197k.
Additional citations: CULTIVATED: New York: H. N. Moldenke
8551 (N).
VERBENA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rodr.
Additional bibliography: Moss, Fl. Alberta, pr. 1, 397 & 5h5
(1959), pr. 2, 397 & 545 (196), ‘and pr. 3, 397 & oe. 1967;
Gaines & Swan, Weeds East. Wash. 230, 231, & 39. 1972; Rickett,
Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3): [543], Sls, & 783, pl. 195. 1973; Moldenke,
Phytologia 28: 117--119. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Gaines & Swan, Weeds East. Wash. 231
(in color). 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. % (3): [543], pl. 195
(in color). 1973.
Halse (1973) cites Burgess 78, Halse 154, 231, & 286, and
Ranzoni 169 from Canyon de Chelly. “Blewitt tt (1926) Gesenees the
species as "rare" in waste ground in New Haven County, Connecti-
cut, where it is said to be "Adventive from the West" and blooms
in July and August. Fell (1955) has this to say about the plant
as it occurs in Winnebago County, Illinois: "A decumbent weed
that is common on railroads, roads and in waste places. A hybrid
on the C. & N. W. Ry. tracks near U. S. Rt. No. 51 tends to be
more upright, the bracts are short, and the leaves less divided
(X perriana). X deamii Moldenke, stout and semidecumbent, re-
sembling V. stricta but having bracted flowers, is uncommon on
roadsides."
VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Vell.
Additional bibliography: Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3): 5h6&
783. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 116 & 119—120. 197h.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 197
VERBENA CABRERAE var. ANGUSTILOBATA Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 195. 197.
Citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 23852 (Z—type).
VERBENA CALIFORNICA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 217. 1972.
Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Tuolumne County: Moldenke &
Moldenke 25758 (Gz, Kh). ~
VERBENA CALLIANTHA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 120. 197k.
Hatschbach describes this plant as repent and found it growing
in wet sandy campos. The corollas on Hatschbach & Guimardes
25509 are described as having been "lilac" in color when fresh.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach & Guimardes
25509 (Ld). i
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton
Additional synonymy: Glandvlaria caroliniensis Raeusch., Nom.
Bot., ed. 3, 172. 1797. Verbena aubletia L. f. ex Desf., Tabl.
ficol. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815. Verbena aubletia drummondii Paxt.,
Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328. 180.
Additional & emended bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3,
3 & 172. 1797; Desf., Tabl. ficol. Bot., ed. 1, Sk. 180; Willd.,
Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 63. 1809; Desf., Tabl. ficol. Bot., ed.
2, 66. 1815; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 1 & 2, 2: 96-97 (1821) and 2:
72. 182; Mohl, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, 3: 319. 1835; Paxt.,
Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328. 180; Schau., Linnaea 20: 78.
1847; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 2, 328. 18,9; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl.
Usuel. & Med. 2: 80. 1860; T. H. Everett, Gard. Chron., ser. 3,
87: lyk. 1930; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1, 677, 678, &
967. 1932; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 58 (15: 845 [275].
1938; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 58 (2): 668. 1939; Fedde &
Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 573. 191; Evers, Ill.
Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 26: 21 & 36. 1955; Foley, Ground Covers,
pr. 1, 134--135. 1961; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
87--89. 1968; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 463, 483, &
485, fig. 30. 1970; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 3, 2: 96--97 & 7h2. 1971;
Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677, 678, & 967. 1971;
Amaral Franco in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 3: 122. 1972; Encke &
Buchheim in Zander, Handwtrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10. 1972; Fo-
ley, Ground Covers, pr. 2, 134-135. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl.
Coastal Northw. 75. 1972; Tutin in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 3: 369.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 367--368, lh, 428, 431, & 43l-—-
437 (1972), 2h: 237 & 253 (1972), and 2%: 240 & 2hk. 1973; Anon.,
Biol. Abstr. 55 (9): BA SeleCe So272. 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.
S. 6 (3): [543], Shh, & 783, pl. 195. 1973; Sperka, Garden. Guide
187--188. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 110. 197).
Additional illustrations: T. H. Everett, Gard. Chron., ser. 3,
87: luk. 1930; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 63, fig. 30.
1970; Sperka, Gardn. Guide 187. 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6
198 PHY T:0 E OG: Tvs Vol. 28, no. 2
(3): [543], pl. 195 (in color). 1973.
The type of Buchnera canadensis L., on which this taxon is
based, was collected in Virginia [not Canadat] according to Lin-
naeus *(1767), who says for it merely "Habitat in Virginia".
Recent collectors have found Verbena canadensis growing in low
grassy ground by roadsides, in cedar glades, on dry ledges on
bluffs, in sand along roadsides near oak woodlands, in sandy soil
on open sunny slopes, on open southerly hillslopes, among lime-
stone rocks in rather open woods, and on sand dunes on bluffs ad-
joining the ocean. My wife and I found it in open sunny dry
woodlands composed of deciduous trees and shrubs. The stems are
described as rooting at the nodes and the petals as shallowly
cleft and somewhat crenate. The corolla is described as "rose-
purple" on Dress 208, "lavender" on Clausen & Clausen eyes) and
I. Collins s.n. [July 29, 1946], "purple" on G. H. Me Lawrence
193, "soft pale blue-violet" on Dress, Lawrence, & Moore 672,
"purple, with reddish eye" on Lundell & Lundell "look, "lavender,
with reddish eye" on Lundell & Lundell “10945, "magenta, with deep-
er ring at mouth of tube" on H. EB. Moo: E. Moore 636, and "RHS [Royal
Horticultural Society] Bishops Violet 3 to 3/2" on Peele 651.
Evers (1955) found the plant "common on rocky bluffs" and re-
cords it from Monroe and Union Counties, Illinois. French ver-
nacular names recorded for it are "verveine de Miquelon", "ver-
veine 4 bouquets", and "verveine de Drummond",
Jacquin, in Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 82 (1772), says "Sub Aublet-
iae nomine a Dickio semina habui, quae genuina Verbenae tetran-
drae species est, ut ab hac nequeeat ulla nota avelli. In Peru-
via & in Florida sponte crescere, illustris Linnaeus mihi autor
est." A photograph of this original description of V. aubletia
and of the illustration accompanying it, is in the L. H. Bailey
Hortorium herbarium at Ithaca, New York. Paxton (189) states
that the species was introduced into cultivation in England soon
after or in 177).
Solbrig (1968) informs us that the normal pollen fertility
rate is 98 percent in V. canadensis.
Sperka (1973) calls the species "rose verbena" and speaks of
it as a garden subject as follows: "2 to 3 feet long. A trailing
vine-type of plant, spreading to make a circle. Clusters of rose-
colored flowers are held above deeply toothed, ovate, medium—green
leaves that are hairy. Where the soil is moist, the reclining
branches root at the nodes as they spread. This verbena is found
in sunny, rocky prairies where the soil is lean and sandy. It is
native in the more southern and western parts of Wisconsin than
mine" [I have not seen any material at all of this species from
Wisconsin nor any other record before this of its being "native"
there] "but I have found it hardy with a cover of mulch in win-
ter." She asserts that it blooms from "Late May until heavy
frosts. Pick the spent flowers to encourage bloom," As to its
soil preferences, she says to use "Poor, sandy soils or a fertile,
sandy loam with good drainage. Add sand to very fertile, heavy
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 199
soil. This plant does best on a lean diet.. ..[it] must be
planted in full sun for abundant bloom. I+ 4s best suited for
the prairie, a sunny garden, or groundcoves . a sunny bank....In
areas where the temperatures dip far below zero it is best to
plant in spring. In warmer climates, fall planting is practical.
.+eVery coarse, fibrous roots become wiry with age. The nodes a-
long the trailing branches aboveground send down new roots wherev-
er they touch the damp soil.....Space 3 feet apart. For a dense
groundcover, space only 2 feet apart. Set the crowns at soil
level. Mulch in cold areas during the winter months. When plants
become too crowded, remove some of the older ones. Merely clip
the branch and dig up the unwanted plants......Pot-grown nursery
stock or stock grown in the field for one season have vigorous
young root systems. Select only the younger plants for division.
Stem cuttings in July are the easiest method of propagation. Seeds
are often slow to germinate, and seedlings bloom the second year.
The plant self-sows."" She further comments that this species
"makes a fine groundcover for a rocky, sandy area that seems to
grow little except weeds."
The Dress 2876, distributed as V. canadensis, is actually V.
bipinnatifida Nutt., while Hopkins, MacDowell, & Copeland 6390
is V. pumila Rydb.
Additional citations: GEORGIA: Baldwin Co.: Moldenke & Molden-
ke 2697 (Ac, Ba, Ld, Ps—1338, Ws). Sumter Co.: Dress, Lawrence,
& Moore 672 (Ba). FLORIDA: Duval Co.: G. H. M. Lawrence 193 (Ba).
ALABAMA: Madison Co.: R. M. Harper 3958 (Ba). Tuscaloosa Co.:
Clausen & Clausen 5753 (Ba). OHIO: “Clermont Co.: E. L. Braun s.n.
[V-L-12] (W—2712372). Hamilton Co.: E. L. Braun s.n. [IV-23-05] |
(W--2712371). KANSAS: ‘Woodson Co.: Lathrop 576 (Bl—118820) .
MISSOURI: Saint Francois Co.: Dress 2318 EAy taney Co.: Ee. L.
Braun s.n. [July 9, 1938] (W--2712370). ARKANSAS: Hot Spring
Co.: Demaree 18880 (Ba). LOUISIANA: Ouachita Par.: R. D. Thomas
6516 (Bl—2h)52). OKLAHOMA: Ottawa Co.: G. W. Stevens ; 2340 (Ba-
photo). TEXAS: Brazos Co.: Fryxell 1265 (N). Dallas Co.: fat ila
Reverchon 2533 (Ba--photo). Freestone me Co.: Lundell & Lundell
1100 (Mi, Mi). Harris Co.: Tharp & Barkley 171030 (B1—91L91).
Jasper Co.: Cory 5286) (Bl--90)71). Smith Co.: H. ieeana Ba Moore 636
(Ba). Tyler Co.: Lundell & Lundell 10945 (Mi). “CULTIVATED: New
Jersey: I. Collins s.n. [July 29, 19h1] 1] (Ba). New York: H. M.
Fox s.n. (19h1) (B (Ba); Herb, Bailey Hort. s.n. [19)8] (Ba——photo).
Pennsylvania: Peele 651 (Ba). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETER-
MINED: Herb.Linnaeus G. G.790, S.7 [Habitat in Virginia] (Ba--photo
of type); Rugel Son. [Ad v. vias et margines agrorum, per Georgiam
infer. et Floridam med., Mart. 183] (B1—97105). MOUNTED ILLUS-
Beer Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: pl. 176 & 2: 82. 1772 (Ba-
photo
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb.
Synonymy: "Glandularia canadensis x G. ambrosifolia" Solbrig
200 PHY -P0.LivOrGrhra Vol. 28, no. 2
in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88.1968. "Verbena ambrosifolia
Rydb. x V. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Moldenke, Phytologia 26:
376, in syn. 1973.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 373 & 376. 1973.
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. ELEGANS H.B.K.
Synonymy: Glandularia canadensis x elegans Solbrig in Heywood,
Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 67. 1968. "Glandularia canadensis x G. ele-
gans" Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 85. 1960. "Verbena
elegans H.B.K. x V. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Moldenke, Phyto-_
logia 26: 373 & 376, in syn. 1973.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87 & 88.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 373 & 376. 1973.
Solbrig (1968) reports the pollen fertility in this as yet
unnamed hybrid is actually 98 percent!
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. MARITIMA Small
Synonymy: Glandularia canadensis x maritima Solbrig in Heywood,
Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87. 1968. "Glandularia canadensis x G. mar-
itima" Solbrig ex Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 373, in syn. 1973.
“Verbena maritima Small x v. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Moldenke,
Phytologia 26: 376, in syn. 1973.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 373 & 376. 1973.
Solbrig (1968) reports the pollen fertility in this as yet un-
named hybrid as 61 percent. Since these two species overlap in
their natural ranges in at least five counties of Florida, this
hybrid may be expected in the wild and deserves nomenclatural
recognition.
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton
Synonymy: "Glandularia canadensis x G. peruviana" Solbrig in
Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968. "Verbena peruviana (L.)
Britton x V. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Moldenke, Phytologia 26:
377, in syn. 1973.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 373 & 376. 1973.
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton & V. TAMPENSIS Nash
Synonymy: "Glandularia canadensis x G. tampensis" Solbrig in
Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968. " "Verbena Barons Nash x
V. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 377, in
syn. 1973.
The natural ranges of these two species overlap in at least 4
counties of Florida, so the hybrid may be expected in the field
and deserves nomenclatural recognition.
VERBENA CANESCENS H.B.K.
Additional synonymy: Verbena cannescens H.B.K. ex Sanchez
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 201
Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 327, sphalm. 1969.
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328. 1840; Schau., Linnaea 20: 77. 13),7; Paxt., Pock. Bot.
Dict., ed. 2, 328. 1849; Gibert, Emm. Pl. Montevid. 43. 1873;
Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; San-
chez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 327—328, fig. 262-A. 1969;
El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 58, 483, & 485, fig. 7. 1970;
Rzedowski & McVaugh, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 19: 35&h.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 21, 45, & 54 (1972) and 25: 234.
1973; Rickett, "Wild Fla. U.S. 6 (3): Shh & 783. 1973.
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. l,
fig. 262-A. 1969.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in Abies woods,
in "matorral" of Cordia boissieri, in trailside thickets, @ among
vegetation of cacti, ti, shrubs, and aa trees, and on highly over—
grazed dry roadsides adjacent to thorn-scrub woodlands with Opun-
tia and legumes. Cruz Cisneros found it in "abanico aluvial con
pastizal alterado de Hilaria cenchroides, Bouteloua hirsuta y
Erioneuron avenaceus." They have encountered it at altitudes of
300 to 2700 meters. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) informs us that it is
"Abunda en los Remedios y la Sierra de Guadalupe" in the Valley
of Mexico, flowering there from August to October.
The corollas are described as "lavender" on H. E. Moore 27h6,
"blue" on J. Rzedowski 2/811, and "purple" on Roe & & Rose 2418 a: and
J. Rzedowski 2 2083h. Paxton xton (180) reports that the species was
introduced into cultivation in England in 182).
Gibert (1873) reduces V. canescens to synonymy under V. inter-
media Gill. & Hook., a completely untenable disposition! _
The Iflaguez 74, cited below, is a mixture with V. ciliata
Benth., while “Vidalgo & & Anda s.n. [25/VI/1967] is a a mixture with
V. elegans H.B.K.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Bandera Co.: Johnson & Webster
566 (B1—32870). MEXICO: Hidalgo: Hidalgo & Anda s.: son. (25/v1/
1967] (Ba); H. E. Moore 276 (Ba). México: Cruz Cisneros 959
(Ws); Iflaguez 7) z 7h, in part (Ws). Oaxaca: Messer 207a (Mi). San
Luis Potos{: J. ', Rzedowski 21,811 (Ws), 2483) (Ba). Tamaulipas:
Roe & Rose 218 (Ws).
VERBENA CANESCENS var. ROFMERIANA (Scheele) Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 21'& 4S. 1972.
The corollas are described as * purple" on C. L. Lundell 10956
& 10986, "purplish" on C. L. Lundell 1077h, and "lavender with _
whitish eye" on C. L. Lundell 10972. 10972.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brown Co.: J. Reverchon s.n. (Cur-
tiss 1961] (Mi). Cameron Co.: C. L. Lundell | 10 1077 (Mi). Kinney
Co.: Strother 264 (Bl—19809) . - Medina Co.: C. L. Lundell 10986
(Mi). Sutton Co.: Rohrbaugh 385 (B1—17)977). Uvalde Co.: C. L.
202 Pay TO-DO Gk Vol. 28, no. 2
Lundell 10956 (Mi), 10972 (Mi).
VERBENA CANIUENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 220. 1972.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 2228) (Ba).
VERBENA CAROLINA L.
Emended synonymy: Verbena caroliniana L. apud Desf., Tabl. £-
col. Bot., ed. 1, 54. 180).
Additional bibliography: Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 2. 1797;
Desf., Tabl. fcol. Bot., ed. 1, 54. 180); Willd., Emm, Pl. Hort.
Berol. 2: 63h. 1809; Desf., Tabl. fcol. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815;
Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328. 180; Schau., Linnaea 20:
[h76]—77. 1847; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 2, 328. 1849;
Greene & Blomquist, Fls. South 109. 1953; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val.
Mex., ed. 1, 327, fig. 262-B. 1969; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56:
6374. 1972; *Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 220, 223, 225, 268, 292, 293,
& 302 (1972) and 2h: *h0, 126, & lj). 1972; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot.
A.21: 117. 1973.
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1,
fig. 262-B. 1969.
The "Verbena carolina L." of Lowe (1921) is actually Stylodon
carneus, (Medic. ) Moldenke, as is also the "Verbena caroliniana" of
Greene & Blomquist (1953). Neither has anything t to do with the
true V. carolina of Linnaeus. Raeuschel (1797) says that V. caro-
lina L. is from "Carolin." » but actually it is a Mexican and Cen-
tral American species, coming north in the United States to Arizo-
na and Nevada. The French vernacular name, "verveine de Caroline"
is, therefore, misleading. Paxton (18}0) states that it was in-
troduced into cultivation in England in 1820 (the so-called V.
veronicaefolia H.B.K. in 1825) but was to be regarded as "worth-
less",
Recent collectors have found V. carolina growing at the edge
of cultivated fields, on roadsides and dry open roadsides, in
pinelands, on riverbanks, in secondary vegetation and in oak
woods, while Proctor refers to it as a "dooryard weed". Salinas
M. encountered it at "orilla del panteén" and Martinez Calderén
found it in soil "con grava volcanicas". It has been found in
fruit in March (in addition to the months previously reported by
me). Gonzd4lez Tamayo says of it: "uso horchata para la bilis"
and found it to be scarce in Jalisco. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) re-
fers to the plant as "Es una maleza mexicana, florece los meses
de junio y julio" and reports it from the pedregal in the Valley
of Mexico.
The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Contreras 10972,
S. Lépez 89, C. L. Lundell 12209, and M. Nee 217, "clear—blue" on
Gonzdlez Tamayo 168, "pale-blue" on Lundell . & Lundell 12355,
white, tinged Sige" on Lundell & Lundell 1 12391, "violet" on Gon-
zflez Tamayo 376, and "purple" on Harker & Mellowes 35.
‘The Marcks & | & Marcks 79h, distributed ; as V. carolina, is actual-
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 203
ly V. litoralis H.B.K., Schultes & Reko 237 is a mixture with V.
litoralis, while H. H. Rusby 780 is V. “V. macdougalii Heller.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Weber & Charette 11773
(B1—176170). Federal District: S. Lépez 89 (Ws); M. Nee 217
(Ws). Hidalgo: Lundell & Lundell “12391 (Mi). Jalisco: Gonzdlez
Tamayo 168 (Mi), 376 376 (Mi); Harker & Mellowes 35 (Ws). México: C.
L. Lundell 12209 (Mi); Lundell & Lundell 12355 (Mi); Salinas M. 85
(Ws). Oaxaca: Schultes & - & Reko 237, 7, in part (0a). Veracruz: Mar—
tinez Calderén 1765 [Rec. Inf. D005182] (Mi). GUATEMALA: Baja
Veraoaz: Contreras ras 10972 (Id, Ld). El Quiché: G. R. Proctor 2500)
(Ld, 1d).
VERBENA CAROLINA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 185—186.
1972.
Recent collectors describe this as a "scarce annual herb" or
"plant woody, 2 ft. tall", with white flowers, and have found it
growing in secondary vegetation and in oak woods, at altitudes of
5 to 1600 meters. Gonzdlez Tamayo refers to it as abundant in
Jalisco.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: Gonz4lez Tamayo 30) (Mi).
Oaxaca: Vilas 342 (Ws). Veracruz: Martinez Calder6n 1352 [Rec.
Inf. DOOO805] (Mi).
VERBENA CATHARINAE Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 186. 1972.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on rocky campos.
The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color on Hatschbach,
Smith, & Klein 28313.
Tayiaditional | citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Hatschbach, Smith,
& Klein 28313 (1d).
VERBENA CILIATA Benth,
Additional synonymy: Glandularia ciliata Solbrig in Heywood,
Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 89. 1968.
Additional es pie Schau., Linnaea 20: 77. 187; Fedde
& Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Solbrig in
Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 89. 1968; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val.
Mex., ed. 1, 328, fig. 262-C. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 21,
Sl, 5h, & 2h2 (1972) and 28: 113. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed.
1, fig. 262-C. 1969.
Recent collectors describe this plant as 12.5—-30 cm. tall or
procumbent, spreading, forming clumps to 4 feet in diameter. They
have encountered it in xerophilous "matorral" with Opuntia and
Agave on volcanic slopes, on "campo labrado", in abandoned culti-
vated ground, and in wet loam of arroyos. It is referred to as
"scarce" in the state of México by Rebolledo Vélez and in Jalisco
by Gonzdélez Tamayo. Padilla found it on "ladera andesi{tica",
while Roe, Roe, & Mori collected it on grazed roadsides and in
20) P BY TiO L:01G Tek Vol. 28, no. 2
drainage ditches with Yucca, Bouvardia, and cacti in an area of
mesquite-grassland now becoming desert. The Marcks encountered
it in open pine forests coated with epiphytic lichens on thin
black soils of a shallow former lake bed, the understory being
composed of tufted grasses and dwarfed alpine herbs with bulbous
underground storage organs. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) describes the
plant as a "Maleza mexicana, que florece de julio a octubre", the
corollas a violet when fresh, and inhabiting the "Desierto" areas
in the Valley of Mexico.
The corollas are described as "lavender" on Roe, Roe, & Mori 23,
mviolet" on Gonzdlez Tamayo 146 & 250, Siide=vicleceen on Tepatieaee
Vélez s.n. [20.VIII.1967], "blue-purple" on Stuessy ze "purple"
violet" on Gonz4lez oe 193. aan
The Ifliguez 7h collection is a mixture with V. canescens H.B.K.
The Spellenberg ce Spellenberg 3062 and W. A. Weber 3303, distribu-
ted as V. ciliata, are actually V. Vv. ambrosifolia Rydb., | Marcks &
Marcks 1231 is V. ciliata var. longidentata Perry, while Chil Chilton
s.N. son. [3/25/48] and Lehto, Brown, Nash, & Pinkava 1066 are weet
gooddingii Briq., C. L. AG eh ees “2550 | is V. gooddingii var. nep-
etifolia Tidestr., and Reverchon S.n. wn. [Curtiss 1963**] and Ruth
110 are V. pumila Rydb.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Gila Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke
27916 (Ac, Ld). Pinal Co.: Thornber s.n. [Oracle, May 28, 1905]
(N). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Stuessy 959 (Bl—236250, Ws), 965 (Bl—
236233). Coahuila: Roe, Roe, & Mori 23 (Ws). Durango: Matuda
38528 (Ac); Marcks & Marcks 1231 (Mi). Federal District: Lyonnet
2972 (W—2636373). Guanajuato: Genelle & Fleming 82) (N). Hid-
algo: Garcfa Saucedo 2607 (Ws). "Jalisco: Gonz4lez Ta Tamayo 146 (Mi),
193 (Mi), 250 (Mi). México: E. R. Garcfa 60 (Ws); Ifliguez ily in
part (Ws); Pa Padilla 117 (Ws); Rebolledo Vélez SNe [20 .VI1I .1967]
(Ws). Oaxaca: Vil Vilas 8 325 (Ws). Puebla: "Guerra a 16 (Ws). Zacatecas:
Rinehart 736 (Mi).
VERBENA CILIATA var. LONGIDENTATA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 188-190 & 192
(1972), 2h: 51 (1972), and 28: 123). 197k.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in sandy-loam
soil of oak-pine associations and in an open pine forest coated
with epiphytic lichens and on thin black soils of a former shallow
lake bed, the understory consisting of tufted grasses and dwarfed
alpine herbs with bulbous underground storage organs, at 2700 feet
altitude. Fosberg describes the plant as prostrate, "common local-
ly on flat open roadside, almost bare soil". The corollas are
said to have been "purple" on F. R. Fosberg 661.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: C. SCav les Lundell 10656
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 205
(Mi). Grimes Co.: L. C. Higgins 3951 (Mi). San Patricio Co.: F.
R. Fosberg 1661 (W--2677)06). Zapata Co.: Novoa & Cantu 18a
(B1—210100). MEXICO: Durango: Marcks & Marcks 1231 (Ws).
VERBENA CILIATA var. PUBERA (Greene) Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ver. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 188 & 190 (1972)
and 2): 51. 1972.
Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Catron Co,: Weber & Salamun
12771 (Bl—201253).
VERBENA CLAVATA Ruiz & Pav.
Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena clvaata Ruiz & Pav. ex
Pers., Syn. Pl. 3: 346, sphalm. 1819. Verbena clvaara Ruiz & Pav.
ex Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 2: 663, in syn. io 197s
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 190-191 &
240 (1972) and 25: 2). 1973.
VERBENA CLOVERAE Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 220, 221,
2h2, & 376 (1972) and 2h: Wh, 45, & 139. 1972.
The corollas are said to have been "lavender" on C. L. Lundell
10823 and on Lundell & Lundell 10843.
~~ Additional citations: TEXAS: Brooks Co.: C. L. Lundell 10823
(Mi). Kenedy Co.: Lundell & Lundell 10813 (Mi). Starr Co.: Clo-
ver 1618 (Tu—987)2—isotype). Zapata Co.: Barrera 5 (Bl—-1979L1) ;
M. M. Gonzalez 5 (Bl—209416); Gonzalez & Gutierrez 33 33 (B1~—197938) .
VERBENA COCHABAMBENSIS Mold enke
Additional bibliography: R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18):
170. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 193. 1972.
VERBENA CORYMBOSA Ruiz & Pav.
Additional bibliography: Wangerin & Krause in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (1): 75h [373] & 823. 1941; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 260.
1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320. 1972.
Hatschbach encountered this plant growing in "brejo". The co-
ean is described as having been "violet" in color on Hatschbach
316.
~~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 28316 (Ld, N).
VERBENA CRITHMIFOLIA Gill. & Hook.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 21 & 30.
1972.
The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color on Krapo-
vickas, Cristébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22321 and the leaves are
narrower than is usual for this species.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: La Pampa: Krapovickas, Cristé-
bal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22321 (Ld), 22598 (Id). Rfo Negro:
Krapovickas, Cristébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22),7 (Ld).
206 P Bey TOG Or G ik Vol. 28, no. 2
xVERBENA CROOKSHANKSI Moldenke
Additional ata aie Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1,
678 (1932) and pr. 2, 2: 678. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 195
& 435. 1972.
XVERBENA DEAMII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1,
678. 1932; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; Rydb., Fl. Prairies
& Plains, pr. 2, 2: 678. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 196. 1972.
Fell (1955) Comments that "X deamii KMoldenke, stout and semi-
decumbent, resembling V. stricta but h but having bracted flowers, is
uncommon on roadsides" fin Winnebago County, Illinois].
VERBENA DELTICOIA Small
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 5: ok. 19725
Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 221—222, 226, 237, & 278 (1972) Ai 2h:
22h. 1972.
The Je Rzedowski 27859, distributed as Ves) delticola, is actu-
ally V. , elegans var. - asperata Perry.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: M. C. Johnston 5150
(B1—91999); C. L. Lundell 10680 (Mi). MEXICO: Nuevo Leén:
Pringle 11843 (Bl1—1)98)9).
VERBENA DISSECTA Willd.
Additional & emended bibliography: Gibert, Enum. Pl. Montevid.
43. 1873; Rambo, An. Bot. Herb. Barb. Rodr. 1: 123. 199; R. C.
Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18h: 170. 1958; Cain, Man. Veg. Anal.,
pr. 1, 229. 1959; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 89.
1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 838 & xix.
1971; Cain, Man, Veg. Anal., pr. 2, 229. 1971; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 2h: 217 & 233. 1972.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant "among grass and
weeds....flowers with strong but not unpleasant perfume." The
corollas are said to have been "purple" on Kyerdam & Beetle 22317
and "purple-pink" on Kyerdam & Beetle 23039. The Morong 219, dis-
tributed as V. dissecta, is | is actually Vv. r, tenuisecta Briq. Briq. The
Herb. Humboldt specimen cited below is | deposited at Berlin.
Additional citations: CHILE: Province undetermined: Née s.n.
(Herb. Humboldt] (Ba—photo of isotype). ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires:
Eyerdam & Beetle 23039 (Ba). Catamarca: Brizuela 546 (Bl—105030),
1037 (Bl—105029). Cérdoba: Cuezzo 901 (B1l--105031). Jujuy: Ey-
erdam & Beetle 22317 (Ba). Santa anta Fé: Kuntze s.n. [Ceres, Oct.
1892] (Ba—photo).
VERBENA DOMINGENSIS Urb.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 260. 1972.
Curtis collected this plant in open pine forests.
Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Haiti: J. T. Curtis s.n.
(July 27, 1944] (Ws).
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 207
VERBENA DUSENII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 22h—225.
1972.
Hatschbach describes this plant as procumbent or as an erect
herb, 50 cm, tall. He found it growing in "brejo", flowering in
September and November. The corollas on Hatschbach 27058 are
said to have been "lilac" and on 25322 as "dark-lilac" in color
when fresh.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paranda: Hatschbach 25322 (Ld),
27058 (1d, N). Pe oF
VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA Schau., Linnaea 20: 77. 187.
Additional bibliography: Schau., Linnaea 20: 77. 187; Kearney,
List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 23: 225 & 293 (1972) and 24: 250. 1972.
It is worthy of note that this binomial was first validly pub-
lished by Schauer in the volume of Linnaea cited above, part
(pp. 385—-512) of which was published in August of 187, while
DeCandolle's "Prodramus", volume 11, to which the binomial is
usually credited (even by the original "Index Kewensis"), was not
published until November 26 of that year
Recent collectors have found the plant growing on steep wet
slopes in Quercus-Liquidambar woods. The corollas are said to
have been "white" on H. E. Moore 3962. Kelly reports the vernac-
ular name "alfombrilla cimarrona" and states that the plant is
used medicinally by the Totonac Amerinds "para dolor del estomago",
Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: H. E. Moore 3962 (Ba).
Veracruz: I. Kelly 182 (Ba), 310 (Ba).
VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K.
Additional synonymy: Glandularia elegans (L.) Small ex Solbrig
in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 82. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 326.
1840; Schau., Linnaea 20: 78. 1847; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
2, 328. 1849; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2):
S79 1941; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Weth. Pl. Tax. 82 & 87—-89.
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 220, 225—229, 286, lh, 26, & 431
(1972), 2h: 36, 37, 47, b8, 148, & 25h (19725, 25: 23k (1973), and
202°123. 197k.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in conifer
woods, on roadside bankings, in the shade of oaks near streams, and
in open meadows in fir woods, describing the stems as erect from
rooting nodes, flowering in June (in addition to the months pre-
viously reported by me in this series of notes). The corollas are
said to have been "bright-rose" in color on H. E. Moore 3123 and
"reddish-purple" on H. E. Moore 3555. Paxton (180) reports that
the species was introduced into cultivation in England in 180.
The Hidalgo & Anda s.n. [25/VI/1967], cited below, is a mixture
with V. canescens H.B.K.
Solbrig (1968) reports the pollen fertility of this species is
208 PHY TO L0G Ts Vol. 28, no, 2
97 percent.
The H. E, Moore 1304, distributed as typical V. elegans, is ac-
tually V. elegans var. asperata Perry.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Pima Co.: Gould & Haskell 3253a
(Bl—-58)0). MEXICO: Hidalgo: Anduaga A. 3 (Mi, Ws); Didz 3. s.n.
[28 .VIII.1966] (Ws); Hidalgo & Anda s.n. [25/VI/1967] (Ba, Ws);
H. E. Moore 3123 (Ba), 3555 (Ba).
VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton
Additional synonymy: "Glandularia elegans x G. peruviana" Sol-
brig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 87 & 88. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 227, 26, & 431
(1972) and 2h: 37—38. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the pollen fertility in this hybrid
is only 9 percent!
VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. PULCHELLA Sweet
Additional synonymy: "Glandularia elegans x G. pulchella" Sol-
brig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 87 & 88. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 227 & 31 (1972) and
2h: 47—-))8 . 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports the pollen fertility of this hybrid as
only 2h percent.
VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. STELLARIOIDES Cham.
Additional synonymy: "Glandularia elegans (L.) Small x Gl.
stellaroides (Cham.) Schnack & Covas" ex Solbrig in Heywood, Mod.
Meth. Pl. Tax. 82. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
82. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 227-228 & 431. 1972.
VERBENA ELEGANS var. ASPERATA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres—
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 226, 228--229, 286,
& Wik (1972) and 2h: 254. 1972.
. Recent collectors describe this plant as an upright or rambling
herb, 11/2 feet tall, the inflorescence elongating in fruit, and
found it growing on the rocky walls and floor of a barranca and on
“"ladera pizarrosa con vegetacién encinar". They record the addit-
ional vernacular name "alfombria". The corollas are said to have
been "blue™ on MacDougall H.519, "reddish-purple" on Lundell &
Lundell 12392, "red-purple" on H. E. Moore 130), "opening red RHS
52/A with darker eye, fading to pink RHS 55/C with darker eye" on
Huttleston 2267, and "corolla-lobes opening purple-lavender RHS Fa
2 Red-Purple 67/B, fading lighter" on J. W. Peterson J.2007.
D. GS. Huttleston, in a letter to me dated November 2, 1973, says
that this plant, which he took to be xV. teasii Moldenke, "is a very
197 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 209
showy ornamental up until a severe freeze and is hardy [in Penn
sylvania] when winters are mild. Its fruiting racemes never get
to be much more than 3 inches long, but in other characteristics
it seems to fit [xV. teasii]." Seeds were obtained from Conard-
Pyle Company. et OE SEF
Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Lundell & Lundell 12392
(Mi); H. E. Moore 1304 (Ba). Oaxaca: MacDougall H.519 (N). Quer-
étaro: J. Rzedowski 27859 (Mi). CULTIVATED: Mexico: Philbrick
802 (Ba). Pennsylvania: Huttleston 2267 [Longw. Gard. 6951]
(Ba); J. W. Peterson J.2007 (Id).
XVERBENA ENGELMANNII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1,
677. 1932; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 123. 1955; Rydb., Fl. Prairies
& Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677. 1971; Wherry, Bartonia 1: 79. 1971;
Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 229--230, 265, & 436 (1972) and 2h: 250.
1972,
Wherry (1971) records this hybrid from Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania. The Hotchkiss 1561, cited below, is in beginning
anthesis, but exhibits rather few flowers per spike and these
rather widely separated, the spikes rather weak and very slender.
It seems most probable to me, therefore, that it represents this
hybrid.
Additional citations: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Hotchkiss 1561 (Ww—
1769203) . 7) Tek
VERBENA EPHEDROIDES Cham,
Emended synonymy: Verbena sphedroides Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : xix, sphalm. 1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Gibert, Enum. Pl. Montevid.
43. 1873; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, ): 839
& xix, map 1392. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 260 & 437. 1972;
A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972.
Hatschbach refers to this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m, tall, and
found it growing in "brejo", flowering and fruiting in April. The
corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color on Hatschbach
2137 while fresh.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 2h137 (N).
xVERBENA FERAX Moldenke
Additional synonymy: "Glandularia canadensis x G. racemosa"
Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 65. 1968. 4
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
88. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 231. 1972.
VERBENA FILICAULIS Schau.
Additional & emended bibliography: Braga, Pl. Nordest., ed. 2,
476. 1960; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 839 & xix, map 1392. 1971; Moldenke,
Phytologia 23: 260. 1972.
210 P BiYot-0°E)0,G) inh Vol. 28, no. 2
Recent collectors refer to this plant as "erect", "decumbent",
or "procumbent", and have found it growing in "brejo"., Hatschbach
encountered it "do campo limpo levemente fmido", flowering in
March. The corollas are described as having been "violet" in col-
or on Hatschbach 2659, Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 2826), and
"lilac" on Hatschbach 26225.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 20082 (Ba),
26225 (1d), 26549 (Ld); Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 2626] (1d, Id).
VERBENA GLABRATA H.3.K.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 222, 232—
233, & 293 (1972) and 2h: 30. 1972.
Soejarto describes this plant as a "small shrub; fragrant smell;
used as remedy for colds" in Colombia. Recent collectors have en-
countered it in wet meadows, while Fosberg reports it "common in
grassy places on top of low hills grazed by goats". My wife and I
found it growing abundantly on grassy roadsides and along fencerows
in Ecuador. The flowers are described on F. R. Fosberg 27646 as
having the "corollas pale-lavender, calyxes maroon". Material
has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria under the
designation Lippia nodiflora L.
Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Narifio: Soejarto 1010 (Oa). EC-
UADOR: Chimborazo: F. R. Fosberg 27646 (W—-2638259). Cotopaxi:
Holm-Nielsen & Jeppesen 1147 (Ld). Pichincha: Asplund 16030 (W—
265259) «
VERBENA GLUTINOSA Kuntze
Additional & emended bibliography: Schnack & Covas, Darwiniana
7: 72, 7h, & 75, pl. 2 E. 1945; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 23h, 419,
& 426. 1972.
VERBENA GOODDINGII Briq.
Additional synonymy: Verbena goddingii Briq. ex Fedde & Schust.
in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5) (2): 747. 193k.
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 54 (2): 747 (1934) and 59 (2): 417. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia
23: 368, 374, & 436 (1972) and 2h: 45. 1972; Rickett, i/ild Fls. U.
Se (3): CIN & 783. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: lll & 113.
197k.
Recent collectors have come upon this plant in gravelly soil
pockets on rock cliff faces, in flat desert country, along perman-
ent streams in oak-Sonoran Desert zone, and in the Upper Sonoran
life-zone with pinyons and junipers in sunny rocky washes. Wolf
reports it as "common" and Holmgren says “locally common on basalt
rocky slope". Lehto and his associates report that the plant is
grazed in Pima County, Arizona. The corollas are described as
having been "lavender" on Moran 17739, "lavender—blue" on C. Be
Wolf joel, "pale-violet" on m Dress 2902, "pale-lilac" on Dress
3257, and and "corolla-tube pale-yellow, ™, lobes blue" on N. He [. Holmgre
3300.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 211
The McClintock 52-148, distributed as V. gooddingii, is actu-
ally var. ir. nepetifolia lia Tidestr.
Additional citations: UTAH: Washington Co.: Gould 1730 (Bl--
58352). NEVADA: Clark Co.: Train 1458 (Bl—-23720). NeW MEXICO:
Sandoval Co.: Plowman & Kilham AP.16 (0a). ARIZONA: Cochise Co.:
Vogel s.n. [9 June June 1962] "(Bia 72217) Coconino Co.: Dress 2902
(Ba). Maricopa Co.: Chilton s.n. [3/25/18] (Bl—130088). Mohave
Co.: Cottam 13080 (B1--100093); Dress 3257 (Ba); C. ie Hitchcock
25614 (B1——215646); Hollister 509 (B1—57766); N. H. Holmgren 3308
(W--26),8317). Pima Co.: Co.: Lehto, B Brown, Nash, & Pinkava 1066 (N).
CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co. eae: C. B. Wolf Wolf 7021 (Ba). MEXICO:
Baja California: Moran 17739 (Ld).
VERBENA GOODDINGII var. NEPETIFOLIA Tidestr.
Additional synonymy: Verbena goddingii var. nepetifolia Tidestr.
ex Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5 (2): 747. 193k.
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 54 (2): 747 (193k) and 59 (2): 417. 1939; Kearney, List Cita-
tions Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [typescr.]. 1951; Moldenke,
Phytologia 23: 235—237 & 436 (1972) and 28: 111. 197k.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a repent herb, with
slightly fragrant flowers. "occasional along arroyos" or "locally
common in disturbed areas", Denham refers to it as "common and
widespread in semi-desert" parts of Arizona. The corollas are
said to have been "rose" colored on Moran 7893 or "corolla-lobes
between RHS Mineral Violet 635/2 and 635/2, proximally greenish-
white".
Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria as V. ambrosifolia f. eglandulosa Perry.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Denham 2055 (Bl—
24703). Pima Co.: C. L. Hitchcock 2550 (Bl—21569]). Yuma Co.:
McClintock 52-118 (Bl--2261)). MEXICO: Baja California: Bell &
Newcomb 1356 (Bl—73739); Moran 7893 (Ba, Bl--200798); Moran, With-
am, & am, & Hommersand 16541 (Ba, Bl— Bl—2)0186). CULTIVATED: Pennsylvania:
Peele 10. Lokal [Longw. Gard. 63221] (Ba).
VERBENA GRACILESCENS (Cham.) Herter
Emended synonymy: Verbena offinalis var. gracilescens Cham, ex
Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. l, li: 539, sphalm.
1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Gibert, Enum, Pl. Montevid.
43. 1873; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 170. 1958; Angely,
Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, h: 839. 1971; Moldenke,
Phytologia 2h: 217 (1972) and 25: 2h. 1973.
The corollas are described as having been "blue" on Ruiz Euido-
bro 3182 & 3216 and on Rosengurtt Gallinal 5803.
~~ Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: z: Peredo 423 (N). URU-
GUAY: Rosengurtt Gallinal 5803 (Ba). ARGENTINA: A: Santa Fé: Ruiz
Huidobro 3182 (B1=-10]421), > 3216 (BL). Tucum4n: Herrera 321 1 (N).
212 P He ARO LG 1Gepya Vol. 28, no. 2
VERBENA GRACILIS Desf.
Additional bibliography: Kearney, List Citations Place Publ.
Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [typescr.]. 1951; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex,
ed. 1, 328, fig. 263-A. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 238--239,
2h2, & 37h. 1972.
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed.
1, fig. 263-A. 1969.
Detling encountered this plant growing in a woodland of Pinus
cembroides and Quercus toumeyi on a rolling plateau in Durango.
Sanchez Sanchez found it (1969) in the pedregal of the Valley of
Mexico, blooming there in July.
The. Roe & Roe 2418, distributed as V. gracilis, is actually V.
canescens H.B.K., while H. E. Moore 1625 is V. menthaefolia Benth.
The Lemmon 2858, cited below, is probably an isotype of V. ariz-
onica A. G Gray. The label on the specimen reads "Tanner's 3 Cafion,
Huachuca Mts. July 1882. J.G. Lemmon 2858", The original de-
scription by Gray (1883) gives the locality of collection as "S.
Arizona, in cafions near Fort Huachuca, Lemmon", with no collector's
number nor date of collection indicated.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Lemmon 2858 (Tu—
163803). MEXICO: Durango: Detling 811 (W—-2669337) «
VERBENA GUARANITICA (Troncoso) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: "S. K. J.", Biol. Abstr. 5h: 2319.
1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 54 (k): Beh sSol oC e Se276 (1972) and 54
(5): BASIC. S106 & S.272. 1972; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 5):
1725. 1972; Cabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. ui: 258. 1972; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 23: 339—2h0, 301, 418, & 19 (1972) and 26: 2h0.
1973 .
VERBENA HALEI Small
Additional bibliography: Kearney, List Citations Place Publ.
Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [typescr.]. 1951; Mahler, Keys Vasc. Pl. Black
Gap, ed. 3, 70. 1971; Hyland, U. S. Dept. Agr. Pl. Invent. 178:
28 & 284. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 238 set esis aaa & 302
(1972) and 2h: 22h & 257. 1972; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3):
Suu & 783. 1973.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in fields and along
roadsides, in moist bottomland pastures, in oak-pine associations,
and "on rocky hills with thin gravelly soil and oak-pine grassland".
The corollas are described as "lavender" on Lundell & Lundell
10847 & 12107, "purple" on C. L. Lundell 10689, and "lavender-
purple" on H. E. Moore Soon
Hyland (1972) reports S this plant in cultivation, probably at
Beltsville, Maryland, from seeds collected by Robert MacEwan in
Bexar County, Texas.
Additional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken Co.: Ellison & El-
lison 1010 (Bl--251005). GEORGIA: Dougherty Co.: Moldenke & , Mol-
denke 26908 08 (Ac, Ba, Ld). FLORIDA: Leon Co.: Godfrey 56533a 33a (Ba).
Walton Co.: ueidene & Moldenke 2673) (Ac, Ba, Ld, Sains MISSISS-
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 213
IPPI: Harrison Co.: Richmond s.n. [Apr. 30, 196] (Ba). LOUISI-
ANA: Union Par.: Thomas & al. 13501 (B1—21)),367) « TEXAS: Bexar
Co.: J. O. Perez 2 2 (Bl—20965h). Cameron Co.: C. L. Lundell
10689 (Mi). Dallas Co.: Lundell & Lundell 12107 (Mi). Dinmit
CO: 0.: Ramirez & Cardenas 3 (Bl—2O9W2). Frio Co.: Ramirez & Car-
denas 25 “25 (Bl——210679). Galveston Co.: Lindheimer 155 (B1- (Bi
262806) « Gonzales Co.: L. He Bai ley 756 756 (Ba). Harris Co.: L. —
Higgins 3925 (Mi). Kenedy Co.: Lundell & Lundell 10847 (Mi).
vaca Co.: Strother 185 (B1—1978]9). Rusk Co.: Cc. E E. Porter a
1830 (Bl—81769). San Patricio Co.: Holden s.n. ~ [Aransas City,
10 May 1890] (Mi). Smith Co.: H. E. Moore 529 (Ba). Webb Co.:
Novoa & Cantu 10 (Bl--210116). “MEXICO: Chihuahua: Pringle s.n.
[Ortiz, Apr. 11, 1887] (Bl1—1)9327). Tamaulipas: Domingues M. &
McCart 8183 (B1—197825) ; Reséndez 9 (Bl—197872). Veracruz:
Gutiérrez R. 218 (Ws). Zacatecas: Taylor & Taylor 6230 (N).
VERBENA HALEI f. ROSEIFLORA (Benke) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 2h. 1972.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on roadbanks.
The ga are described as having been “pink” on Dress & Han-
sen 9
en citations: GEORGIA: Charlton Co.: Dress & Hansen
91 Ba).
VERBENA HASSLERANA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 25.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 2h (1972) and 25: 368. 1973; Anon.,
Biol. Abstr. 66 (2)? BUALS.IsC 0S. 200% 1973; Moldenke, Biol.
Abstr. 56: 653. 1973.
VERBENA HASSLERANA var. GLANDULOSA Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 368.
1973.
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 368 (1973) and 26: 363.
1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (2): B.A.Sel.C. S.280. 1973; Molden-
ke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 653. 1973.
* Citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 29600 (Z—type).
VERBENA HASTATA L.
Additional synonymy: Verbena urticae fol. angustiore flore
coerul. Herm. ex Rivin., “Introd. Gen. Rem Herb. Ord. Pl. Irreg.
Monop. [2h]. 1690. Verbena hastata(K floribus violaceis Willd.,
Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 633. 1809.
Additional & anended bibliography: Rivin., Introd. Gen. al
Herb. Ord. Pl. Irreg. Monop. [24], pl. [57]. "1690; Raeusch,.
Bot., ed. 3, 3+ 1797; Desf., Tabl. meol. Bot., ed. 1, 55. bobs
Willd., Emm, Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 633. 1809; Desf., Tabl. feol.
Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; S. Bll., Sketch, pr. 1 & 2, 2: 97—98
(1821) and 2s 743. 182); Bigel., Florul. Boston., " ed. 1, 238—239.
182); J. Torr., Compend. Fl. 238. 1826; Mohl, Ann. Sci. *Nat., ser.
214 P Bey T204L0.G1yh Vol. 28, no. 2
2, 3: 319. 1835; Bigel., Florul. Boston., ed. 3, 25. 1840; Paxt.,
Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328. 1840; J. Torr., Fl. N. Y. 2: S1—
52. 1843; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 2, 326. 1819; 0. R. Willis,
Fl. Westchester Co. 801. 1880; J. L. Bennett, Pl. Rhode Isl. 30.
1888; K. Brandeg., Zoe : 216. 1893; J. Jacks., Fl. Worcester
Co., ed. 2, lO. 189k; W. Stone, Rep. N. J. State Mus. 1910 (2):
660 & 661. 1911; W. C. Ferguson, Torreya 25: 113. 1925; Wangerin
in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 53 (2): 6h. 1925; Blewitt, Fl. Waterbury
105. 1926; Clute, Am. Botanist 33: 112. 1927; Tischler, Tabul.
Biol. h: 43. 1927; Grieve, Modern Herb., pr. 1, 2: 832. 1921;
Benner, Fl. Bucks Co, 255. 1932; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr.
1, 677—678 & 967, fig. 479. 1932; Wangerin in Just. Bot. Jahres-
ber. 56 (1): 668. 1935; Oertel, U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 55h: 35.
1939; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 1, Lik. 1951;
W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed. 1, 156—157. 1953;
L. Bradley, Ferns & Flow, Pl. Audub. Center 67 & 100. 1955; Fell,
Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; C. E. Phillips, Weeds Northeast 32 &
80. 1956; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 2, 1h.
1961; W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed. 2, 156—157.
1961; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3—5, text
fig. 5. 1962; Grieve, Modern Herb., pr. 2, 2: 832. 1967; W. A.
Weber, Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 1, 306. 1967; Betz & Cole, Trans. Ill.
Acad. Sci. 62: 48. 1969; Stuckey & Wentz, Ohio Journ. Sci. 69:
237. 1969; Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 96 & 97. 1970;
[Morris Co. Park Comm] Anon., Fl. & Fauna Great Swamp, ed. 1, 12.
1971; Eilers, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 21: 60 & 123. 1971; S.
Ell., Sketch, pr. 3, 2: 97--98 & 743. 1971; Ellis, Wofford, &
Chester, Castanea 36: 242. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr.
2, 2: 677~—678 & 967, fig. 479. 1971; Sipple, Bartonia 1: 27.
1971; Wherry, Bartonia 1: 79. 1971; Chuey, Ohio Journ, Sci. 72:
43. 1972; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U.S.
1396, [1398], & 1399, fig. 654. 1972; Crum, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
78: 86. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7 (8): xxvii & item
16419. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 5h: 1729. 1972; Nettleton &
al., Detect. Potent. Antitumor Agents (mss.) 1972; W. A. Weber,
Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 2, 306. 1972; Wilkinson & Jaques, How Know
Weeds, ed. 2, 12h, 207, 219, 222, 228, & 231, fig. 299 & 300.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 21—22, 51, 135, 22h, 230, 2h7, &
2h9 (1972) and 25: 225 & 227. 1973; Cody, Ind. Sem. 1973: 26.
1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 6, Cum. Gen. Ind. (121) (1973)
and 8 (6): x & 479. 1973; Lommasson, Nebr. Wild Fls. 86 & 18.
1973; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 167. 1973; Ralph, Checklist
Vasc. Pl. Plant Comm. 29. 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3):
Suu, [545], & 783, pl. 196. 1973; Rimpler & Schafer, Tetrahed.
Let. 17: 163-16). 1973; W. Stone, Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 660.
1973.
Additional & emended illustrations: Rivin., Introd. Gen. Rem
Herb. Ord. Pl. Irreg. Monop. pl. [57]. 1690; Rydb., Fl. Prairies
& Plains, pr. 1, 678, fig. 479. 1932;-Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am.
Wildlife & Pl., pr. 1, 1) (1951) and pr. 2, hl). 1961; Delorit,
Illustr. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 97 (in color). 1970; Rydb., Fl.
Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 678, fig. 479. 1971; Wilkinson &
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 215
Jaques, How Know Weeds, ed. 2, 12h, fig. 299. 1972; D. S. & He Be
Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. (1398), fig. 654. 1972;
Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): [545], pl. 196 (in color). 1973.
The Corrells (1972) comment that "In dry fields and pastures a
field-form is developed with the leaves more canescent—puberulous
beneath and slightly rough above, the stem many-branched, and the
terminal inflorescences in many groups, all more or less equally
dense", My son, my wife, and I have observed this curious form
many times in dry pastures in the mid-western states. It seems to
me to be worthy of nomenclatural recognition, but this has as yet
not been done.
Crum (1972) records V. hastata from Black Hawk County, Iowa,
where he notes that it inhabits marsh edges and moist prairies,
is frequent, and flowers in July. Ellis, Wofford, & Chester (i971)
record it from Trigg County, Kentucky. Wherry (1971) found it in
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Wilkinson & Jaques (1972) de-
scribe the species as "Common in moist places", flowering from
June to September. Bradley (1955) records it as "fairly common in
open swamps" in Fairfield County, Connecticut. Benner (1932) re-
ports it as frequent in low ground, especially in waste places,
and cites from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, a collection by Ruth
from Monroe, by Long from Rich Hill, Morrisville, Hmilie, and
Grenoble, by Fretz from Pleasant Point, by Meredith from Doyles-
town, and by MacElwee from Tullytown.
Torrey (1843) gives its habitat in New York state as "Wet
meadows and margins of creeks", blooming from July to September.
In the experience of my son, my wife, and myself in observing
this species for many years in the northeastern and middle Atlan-
tic states, this is an accurate description of its normal habitat
in this portion of its range. Eilers (1971) records it as common
in marshes, on moist prairies, and in open alluvial woods in Ben-
ton, Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw,
Delaware, Floyd, Grundy, Hardin, Johnson, Linn, and Winneshiek
Counties, Iowa. Raeuschel (1797) gives its native home as "Cana-
da". Sone (1911) describes it as "One of the components of the
typical late summer flora of the damp meadows and swamps of the
Middle district [of New Jersey] along with Eupatorium maculatun,
E. perfoliatum, Asclepias pulchra, Vernonia noveboracensis, etc."
He also notes that it inhabits "Open moist ground" and is "common
throughout the State, except in the Pine Barrens, where it is ab-
sent", flowering from "Late June to early September", Paxton
(18,0) tells us that it was introduced into cultivation in England
in 1810, but is "worthless" horticuiturally.
Fell (1955) says that in Winnebago County, Illinois, V. hastata
is "Common on roadsides and in open woods and pastures "put usually
in damp soil. X rydbergii Moldenke, a hybrid with V. stricta is
common and variable." Blewitt (1926) records V. hastata as fre-
quent at Waterbury, Connecticut, in "Fields, roadsides and waste
places, in moist and dry soil", ” flowering there in July and August.
Willis (1880) reports it from Haste places about dwellings" in
Westchester County, New York. Oertel (1939) states that it is a
216 P Hiei TO Ly0nG ys Vol. 28, no. 2
honey and pollen plant in Texas, while Martin and his associates
(1951) assert that its seeds are eaten by such birds as the stilt
sandpiper, lark bunting, cardinal, junco, and field, song, swamp,
tree, and white-crowned sparrows and the entire plant is eaten by
cottontail rabbits.
Stuckey & Wentz (1969) report that V. hastata is an infrequent
species upstream from Lima, Ohio, inhabiting river bottams. Pollu-
tion of the river has caused it to be completely absent now dowm-
stream from that city. The same is now true of Eleocharis obtusa,
Eupatorium perfoliatum, Juncus torreyi, Scirpus atrovirens, Siu
suave, and Sparganium eurycarpum. These same species are wide-
spread and generally common in roadsides and drainage ditches
where the city pollution into the river has not reached them.
It should be noted that the "Verbena pinnatifida Lam." of Nair
& Rehman (1962) is most probably a misidentification of V. tenui-
secta Briq. The 0. E. White son. [27 Aug. 1916], distributed as
V. hastata, is actually var. var. scabra Moldenke.
Recent eoiieetors have found V. hastata growing in meadows,
open pond banks, and wet soil in general. The corollas on Molden-
ke & Moldenke 9886 are described as having been "blue", but since
I am more or less colorblind to reds, it is probable that they
were actually the normal purple of the typical form of this species.
Delorit (1970) describes the seeds of V. hastata as follows:
"Oblong in outline; about the same width throughout. Dorsal side
convex, its margins winged downward; ventral side granular, two-
faced forming a longitudinal ridge where they join. Both ends of
the seed usually bluntly rounded. Dorsal side usually with three
to five weak but rather broad-based longitudinal ribs with a few
weak transverse ribs which frequently occur only between the mar-
gins and the first adjacent longitudinal rib. Transverse ribs
usually occur only in the upper one-fourth to one-third of the
seed. Seed scar oval, oblique, white. Dark reddish-brow to al-
most black, 1.7--2.0 mm long, 6. 7—-0.9 mm wide."
Rimpler. & Schafer (1973) have isolated the chemical "hastato-
cid" fram this species and V. officinalis L.
The corollas on E. C. Leonard 20629 are described as having
been "purple", the usual color for the typical form of this spe-
cies, in spite of the fact that the most commonly used English
vernacular name for it is "blue vervain", perhaps indicating a
wider prevalence of red-colorblindedness in the general populace
than is usually assumed.
The H. G. Smith s.n. (Berkeley, Colo.], cited by me in a previ-
ous installment of these notes as typical V. hastata, seams better
placed as var. scabra Moldenke, as are also the Ramaley 12393 12393 &
12890 distributed in some herbaria as typical V. hastata. Ho Hotch-
kiss 1561 is probably xV. engelmannii Moldenke, Horr L691 691 is xv. xV.
rydbergii Moldenke, and F Field Mus. Econ. Pl. 5669 is is not verbena-
ceous.
Additional citations: QUEBEC: Sherbrooke Co.: Poulin & Legault
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 217
8507 (Bl—210631). Wolfe Co.: Blais, Hamel, & Legault 11198 (Bl-
222085); Hamel 13050 (B1—223418). VERMONT: Windham Co.: Molden-
ke & Moldenke 9886 (Ba). NEW YORK: Ontario Co.: A. H. Graves s.
ne TaAug. 29, 1923) (Ba), sen. (Aug. 22, 192] (Ba). Queens Co.:
Wendolovski s.n. [July 22, 1896] (Ba). Schuyler Co.: McCarty s.n.
(Watkins, Aug. 1887] (Ba). NEW JERSEY: Middlesex Co.: Kelsey 173
(Ba). MARYLAND: Garrett Co.: E. L. Braun s.n. [VII-2 Ww—
2712375). Harford Co.: Shull 156 (W—6]0955). Prince Georges
Co.: Knowlton s.n. [July 25, 1897] (W--336825); E. C. Leonard
1922 (W—189 oL57, W--1895458), 20629 (W—-2162717, W—2162715).
Plummer's Island: Killip 31909 (W--2761259) . DISTRICT OF COLUK-
BIA: Collector undesignated s.n. [First Locks in Potomac] (W—
221211); Eseltine 157 (W—62215); E. C. Leonard 166 (W—216303);
Seaman s.n. n. (W—787355); Steele s.n. [July 16, 1896] (W—36)285,
W— 36286); Tidestrom 829 (W—1769327); Ward s.n. [Aug. 12, 1877]
(W--1,7576), sen. [1878] (W—27612)9, W—2761250), s.n. (W——159633).
VIRGINIA: Fairfax Co.: W. Palmer s.n. [Aug. 10, 1901] (W—138795).
Fauquier Co.: Allard 5349 (W—1787552). OHIO: Hamilton Co.: E. L.
Braun s.n. [IX-3-03] (W—2712376). Lorain Co.: Dick s.n. [August
9, 189] (Mi). INDIANA: Lake Co.: Shimek s.n. [Sept . 1, 1920)
(Bl1—1052),3). Madison Co.: McCoy 2237 (Bl--131299). KENTUCKY :
Boone Co.: E. L. Braun 3314 (W--2667625). MINNESOTA: Mahnomen
Co.: R. G. Baker s.n. (June, July 196] (B1—2158h). COLORADO:
Weld Co.: : Arp 1351 rp 1351 T (B1--250952) . NEBRASKA: Cherry Co.: G. Ne
Jones 35870 (Bl——191350). OKLAHOMA: Muskogee Co.: Wallis 7728
(Ba). hats OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Burke SN. {Snake
VERBENA HASTATA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 266. 1972.
Lawrence & Dress describe this as a perennial plant, lm. tall,
with white flowers, growing in marshy ground, flowering and fruit-
ing in August.
Z a pas citations: NEW JERSEY: Ocean Co,: Lawrence & Dress
70 (Ba
VERBENA HASTATA f. CAERULEA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 266—267. 1972.
The corollas on E. C. Leonard 19915 are described as having been
"bright-blue" when Taha aN
Additional citations: MARYLAND: Prince Georges Co.: E. C. Leo-
nard 19915 (W--1873203).
VERBENA HASTATA f. ROSEA Cheney
Additional synonymy: Verbena hastata 6 floribus rubris Willd.,
Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 633. 1809.
Additional bibliography: Willd., Enum. P]. Hort. Berol. 2: 633.
1809; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 267° & 414. 1972.
218 PHY 20 °Lv00G Tek Vol. 28, no. 2
VERBENA HASTATA var. SCABRA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: K. Brandeg., Zoe : 216. 1893; D. S.
& H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. 1396 & 1399. 1972;
Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 262, 264, 265, & 267—268. 1972; A. L.
Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 167. 1973.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in low meadows
and in sandy soil of Yucca-Artemisia-Rhus communities. Brandegee
refers to it as "very abundant, 5--8 feet tall” on Bouldin Island,
California. It has been collected in flower and fruit in August
and at altitudes up to 500 feet. The Corrells (1972) assert that
it "differs in its more rigid leaves that are conspicuously scab-
rous above and often more or less comspicuously pubescent boneath",
They state that it is known from Hemphill County, Texas, and give
its overall distribution as "a western form of the species, B.C.,
Ida., Mont. and N.D. to Calif., N. M. and Tex., e. to Wisc. and
Kan,"
The Over 7079, Ramaley 12393 & 12890, and H. G. Smith s.n.,
cited below, were previously reported by me as typical V. hastata
in this series of notes before the variety was recognized nomen-
claturally.
Additional citations: SOUTH DAKOTA: Washabaugh Co.: Over 7079
(Bl—l2326). UTAH: Salt Lake Co.: F. E. Leonard s.n. (July 17,
188] (Mi). COLORADO: Boulder Co.: W. A. Weber 13308 (Bl1—218522).
Denver Co.: H. G. Smith s.n. (Berkeley, A Aug. 2, 1901) (Bl—-2312).
Las Animas Co.: C. M. Rogers 1981 (B1--55579). Weld Co.: Ramaley
12393 (B1--l2316), 12890 (B1--)2315). NEBRASKA: Holt Co.: 0. E.
White sen. [27 Aug. aoe (W--26)6207). TEXAS: Potter Co.: L. C.
Higgins 4ol2 (Mi). WASHINGTON: Yakima Co.: Kruckeberg 25h5 (Bl—
79935)
VERBENA HATSCHBACHI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 268. 1972.
The corollas on Hatschbach 2,707 are described as having been
yiolet" in color when fresh. This collector refers to the plant
as procumbent and found it flowering in September.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 2707 (N).
VERBENA HAYEKII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 268 & 270.
1972.
This plant has been collected in flower in October (in addition
to the months previously recorded by me in these notes). Material
has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria under the
name V. littoralis H.B.K.
x Rapes citations: PERU: Cuzco: E. L. Johnson 6310 (Bl—
080).
VERBENA HIRTA Spreng.
Additional & emended bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145.
1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 839, map
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 219
1392. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 268—269. 1972; A. L. Molden-
ke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972.
The Angely (1971) work cited in the bibliography above was
previously cited as "1970", the title-page date, but was actually
not issued until 1971.
The Eitens describe this plant as a low shrub and found it grow-
ing at altitudes of 2300-250 meters on open sedge-grass slopes
and "On planalto of steep hilly terrain, many hills topped with
mountainous outcrops of bare sienite quartz, the hillsides with
frequent rounded outcropping quartz rocks and boulders and a thin
black almost pure humus soil supporting a periodically-burned nat-
ural tussock sedge-grassland with scattered low Chusquea bamboo
and occasionally other shrubs, the lower valley sides often with
dense Chusquea brakes or brooks lined with a marsh of Cladium in
tussocks or with 'trunks' of massed rhizomes." Hatschbach reports
that the plant grows to 35 cm. tall and found it growing on campos
and on "campo seco limpo".
The corollas are described as having been "lilac" in color on
Hatschbach 25608, 2583, & 2640, "violet" on Hatschbach, Smith, &
Klein 25312 and Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Marufiak 23375, "purple"
on Eiten & Eiten 6660, and "light-violet with a violet center" on
Eiten & Eiten 6611.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 25608 (N),
25843 (Ld), 26440 (Ac). Rio de Janeiro: Eiten & Eiten 6611 (W—
2687599), 6660 (W—2687722). Santa Catarina: Hatschbach, Smith,
& Klein 28312 (1d). ARGENTINA: Misiones: Krapovickas, Cristébal,
& Marufiak 23375 (Ld).
VERBENA HIRTA var. GRACILIS Dusén
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 269. 1972.
The corollas on Hatschbach & Guimarfes 25403 are said to have
been "lilac" in color when fresh and these collectors describe
the plant as a subshrub, 0 cm. tall, growing in a dry campo.
Van citations: BRAZIL: Paran4&: Hatschbach & Guimardes
2503 (N). pit ik wi de a
VERBENA HISPIDA Rufz & Pav.
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Anon., Kew Bull. Misc. Inf.
1929, App. 3: 108. 1929; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18):
170. 1958; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, h: 839.
1971; Beadle, Evans, Carolin, & Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2,
507. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 269—270 & 291. 1972; A. L.
Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972.
According to Paxton (180) this species was introduced into cul-
tivation in England in 1816; the form knom as V. glandulosa in
1832. Beadle and his associates (1972) state that the species is
"Rare" in the Sydney, Australia, region, "Introd. from S. Amer.",
and the plants always "under 1 m high", with "Glandular hairs pres-
ent on inflorescence", The corollas are said to have been "pale-
220 Peney TO Li0sG TIGA Vol. 28, no. 2
mauve" on Alston 1603.
Material of V. hispida has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria as V. officinalis L. and V. rigida Spreng.
Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Ye Province: Lake 2999
(Ba). CEYLON: Alston 1603 (Pd). CULTIVATED: Ceylon: Collector
undetermined s.n. [Hakegala Botanical Garden, Jan. 1888] (Pd).
VERBENA HOOKERIANA (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 368 & 26.
alley (Ad
The corollas on Ruiz Leal 20012 are said to have been "rose to
lilac” in color when fr fresh.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Mendoza: Ruiz Leal 20012
(Tu--162),22) .
VERBENA HUMIFUSA Cham.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 218. 1972.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Seliow Som.
(Ba--cotype).
XVERBENA HYBRIDA Voss
Additional synonymy: "Verbena grandiflora Sessé & Moc. var.
Hybr. Hort." ex Lasser, Braun, & Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 9: 36,
nom. nud. 197). Verbena multiflora gigantea Burpee, Burpee Seeds
197k: 54. 197k.
Additional & emended bibliography: Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. &
Med. 2: 158. 1860; Tischler, Tabul. Biol. \: 3. 1927; Gough,
Gard. Book Malaya "O)B . 1928; Furusato, Bot. & Zool. Theoret. &
Appl. Tokyo [Syokubutu Oyobi Dobutsu] 8: 46. 1940; Wherry, Horti-
culture 36: 279. 1958; Braga, Pl. Nordest., ed. 2, 76. 1960;
Graf, Exotica 3: 1:83 & 1733. 1963; Badhwar & Fernandez, Edible
Wild Pl. Himal., 283. 1968; Misra, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 136.
1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 839.
1970; Ellis, Wofford, & Chester, Castanea 36: 22. 1971; Burpee,
Burpee Seeds & Everything for Gard. 56. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in
Zander, Handwtrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520 & 5h. 1972; Huang,
Pollen’ Fl. Taiwan 2), pl. 163, fig. @--30:, 1972; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 2h: 218 & 232. 1972; G. We Park, Parks Flow. Book 1973:
86. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320. 1972; R. R. Stewart in
Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 608. 1972; R. J. Weaver, Pl. Growth
Subst. Agr. 36" 1972; D. E. Clark, Color in Your Gard. ed. 2,
18, 45, & 52. 1973; Jackson & Perkins, Seedbook 1972-1973: 18.”
1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 226 & 23h. 1973; Moldenke in
Woodson, Schery, & al., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: h—lS & 148.
1973; W. A. Burpee, Burpee Seeds 197): 54. 197); Lasser, Braun, &
Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 9: 36. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Burpee, Burpee Seeds & Everything
for Gard. 56. 1972; Graf, Exotica 3: 1483. 1963; Huang, Pollen
Fl. Taiwan pl. 163, fig. ce 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 (in
color). 1972; Jackson & Perkins, Seedbook 1972-1973: 18 (in color).
197 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 221
1973; G. W. Park, Parks Flow. Book 1973: 86 (in oe: 1973; W.
A, Burpee, Byrpee Seeds 197): 54 (in color). 197).
Burpee (1972) offers a cultivar named "Ruffled White" which he
describes as "Superb sweetly scented variety producing large well-
filled trusses of pure white flowers so freely the display has
the appearance of a white carpet" and offers it in a packet of
seeds for 75 cents, 1/16 ounce for $2.25, 1/2 ounce for $.25,
and 3/h ounce for $8. He offers "Rainbow Mixed Colors" ("Early
flowering, upright plants. Ideal for pots, window boxes and
bedding. Wide color range. Ht. 8 in."), "Ideal Florists' Mixed
Colors" ("Earliest free-flowering strain with large flowers in an
exceptionally wide range of colors. Most of them 'eyed'. Height
10 in."), "Sparkle Mixed Colors" ("Very good rich range of col-
ors"), and "Fynest Mixed Colors" ("Includes rose-pink, lavender,
blue, white, violet, salmon-pink, scarlet and red shades. Many
teyed'") , In his 197) work he adds "Ruffled Pink" — a "delicate
salmon-pink, better foliage, earlier and more vigorous than Miss
Susie." He describes his muffled" types as a "Unique miltiflora
gigantea type bearing semi-—double ruffled flower clusters that
look like balls of color", 10 inches tall. He also refers to
these as "Burpee's Semi-Double".
Jackson & Perkins (1973) offer a "Florist Strain Mixed" Ver-
bena which they describe as "will provide a low growing carpet of
bright clear color all summer. Our variety grows a neat 8 to 10
inches high and spreads to 18 inches - quickly filling window
boxes or flower pots. Florist Mix includes white, pink, purple,
scarlet -— many of which are accented with white in the center.
The more of the sweet-smelling branches you cut, the more new
shoots the hardy little plants will produce."
Lasser, Braun, & Steyermark (197) record this plant as culti-
vated in Venezusla. My wife and I personally saw it widely cul-
tivated in Ceylon, India, and Pakistan in 197), and I saw it also
growing in parks and home flowerbeds in Egypt that same year.
It seems most probable that the "Verbena phlogiflora Cham."
of Huang (1972) is actually xV. hybrida. Ellis and his associ-
ates (1971) record xV. hybrida | as growing wild in Lyon County,
Kentucky, doubtless escaped from cultivation or merely persistent
after cultivation. Misra (1970) asserts that it is a "Weed in
shade" in Bihar, India,
J. W. Peterson describes the corollas of his collection, cited
below, as "corolla lobes RHS Neyron Rose 623/1 distally, proximal-
ly RHS Neyron Rose 623; throat of lobes white". Bayliss encounter-
ed the plant in cultivation at 5600 feet elevation in South Africa.
Burkill (1966) says "The garden V. hybrida hort., seems to have
been evolved by the hybridization of four ‘our species, Vv. chamaedry-
folia, Juss., V. phlogiflora, Cham., V. incisa, Hook., and V.
teucrioides, Gill. and Hook.; but the history — is not quite clear.
All the four species are South American plants, and were brought
together in gardens in the nineteenth century. V. hybrida does
not fruit in Malaysia, as the clime is too moist. The presumed
parents are perennials...." [to be contimed]
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
“FLORA PALAESTINA" Volume Two Platanaceae to Umbelliferae by
Michael Zohary. Part I - Text - viii & 493 pp., illus. Part
II - Plates - 656 & xxxviii pp., illus. The Israel Academy
of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. 1972. $30.00.
This carefully written text and its accurately illustrated
companion in this second volume continue with the same botanical
and printing excellence that was appreciated in a recent issue of
this journal. It has been over four decades since the last com
prehensive botanical study has been published for this important
area of our world.
"WATER ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES" 2nd Edition by James J.
Geraghty, David W. Miller, Frits van der Leeden & Fred L.
Troise, [200] pp., illus., Water Information Center, Port
Washington, New York 11050. 1973. $35.00.
"The authors and the publisher would like to regard this book
as a contribution to help the International Hydrological Decade
program fulfill its expressed need for practical water resources
publications." A very valuable and effectively organized contri-
bution indeedl
The book size of 13 1/2 by 9 inches allows for the most effic-
ient display of the 86 plates, all draw to scale for our conter-
minous 8 states. On similar separate scales there are 20 plates
for Alaska and 16 for Hawaii, our other two states. On the op-
posing pages there are descriptive and analytic texts. On each
map much uncluttered, graphically neat material is shown, such as:
physiography, precipitation in each form, frost penetration, air
and surface water temperatures, seasons of highest and lowest
surface water run-off, aquifers, fish kills from pollution, popu-
lation distribution, thermal springs, and projected water supply
and demand for 2000 A.D.
This source book of important information can be and certainly
should be used by not only hydrologists, but also urban and land
use planners, ecologists, wildlife management biologists and
political leaders who will have important choices and decisions
to make or urge.
"DRAWINGS OF BRITISH PLANTS" Part XXXI by Stella Ross-Craig, un-
paged, 6 plates, & index, G. Bell. & Sons Ltd., London.
1973 fis7h). £2.
The excellently detailed line-drawings on these plates are for
222
197) Mol denke, Book reviews 223
native members of the following plant families: Lemnaceae, Alis-.
mataceae, Butomaceae, Juncaginaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Potamoge—
tonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Zanichelliaceae, Zosteraceae, Najadaceae
and Eriocaulaceae.
This is the last part exclusive of a comprehensive index now
in preparation. British sedges are covered by Jermy & Tutin with
illustrations, and British grasses are covered by C. E. Hubbard,
also with illustrations.
"THE CONDENSED CHEMICAL DICTIONARY" Eighth Edition revised by
Gessner G. Hawley, xiii & 971 pp., Litton Educational Pub-
lishing Inc., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Melbourne, London,
Toronto, Cincinnati & New York 10001. 1971. $27.50.
This book and its earlier editions for over a half century
have been in prominent places for practical and frequent use on
the desks and library shelves of many kinds of chemically orien-
ted students, scientists, technicians, teachers and of non-
chemists stymied by chemical problems or terminology incidentally
or critically related to their own fields of endeavor and under-
standing. To the botanically oriented readers of this journal
this new edition of the dictionary becomes of increasing value
because of the tremendous advances in the biochemical approach
to life's nature, workings, and problems. In addition to the vir-
tue of accuracy, this book has those of directness, clarity and
easy legibility.
"DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS: INSECTS" Volume I edited by S. J. Counce
& C. H. Waddington, xiii & 30) pp., illus., Academic Press,
London NW 1 & New York 10003. 1972 [1973]. 8.5 or $18.
This volume consists of five valuable papers, each equivalent
to a condensed and well referenced book. The first paper is
Mahowald's "Oogenesis" in which the panoistic and the meroistic
types are analyzed. The second paper is Jura's "Development of
the Apterygote Insects" with the embryogenesis of both entogna-
thous and ectognathous members of these four orders. The third
paper is Anderson's "The Development of Hemimetabolous Insects"
which surveys the detailed embryology of known examples from
eleven orders, describes the immersed growth or anatrepsis in
some and concludes that there are more similarities realized now.
The fourth paper is the same author's "The development of Holo-
metabolous Insects" in which he shows this type, found among al-
most as many orders, as derived from the hemimetabolan with the
obvious innovation of the change in ratio of cytoplasm to yolk
making possible a more direct and rapid development.
The fifth paper is Ivanova-Kasas' "Polyembryony in Insects" in
certain Hymenoptera and Strepsiptera. In these two orders "simi-
lar biological conditions (parasitism and vivipary) have brought
22h PHYT 01.0.6 1-8 Vol. 23, no. 2
about one and the same phenomenon of polyembryony, attained, how-
ever by different evolutionary routes."
On the first page of text chromosome is misspelled; on the
last page of text in the quote above a comma is omitted. Otherwise
this book with its fine illustrations and indexes of authors,
subjects and scientific names matches the expected fine quality
of Academic Press publications.
"THE COMPLETE BOOK OF TERRARIUM GARDENING" by Jack Kramer, ix &
146 pp., illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y.
10017. 1974. $9.95.
Only a popularly oriented book would presume to place
"complete" or "all" in its title, and that choice is usually the
fault of the publicity or advertising staff rather than the
author(s). Because this book actually is so thoroughly and well
presented and is most effectively illustrated by photographer
Mathew Barr and artist Michael Valdez, it comes closer to anything
in print at present or probably anything in the near future to
earning such a title. It is really such a good book that it
does not need the artificial bolstering that such a title would
offer.
It will prove so helpful and intriguing in its detailed
directions with all its different shapes and materials for the
containers and with its long lists of various sized plants for
woodland, bog, desert and tropical type terraria.
Aralia is misspelled on page 52.
"FLOWERING SHRUBS AND SMALL TREES — One Hundred and Sixty Nine
Varieties for Your Garden" by Jean Hersey, iii & 81 pp., il-
lus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 197k.
$7.95.
For the garden enthusiasts, whether of the dirt-digging or arm-
chair type, this attractive book literally centers about 15 full
pages of these 169 plants drawn in beautifully colored sprays by
Allianora Rosse and grouped according to blooming seasons. For
each there is accompanying text with the necessary growing in-
formation in outline form and with statements of special inter-
est as to origin, use, myths, etc.
The word "write" is misspelled in the foreword.
Any finitely limited work almost always provokes in readers!
mind the thought that "But so-and-so should really have been in-
cluded", especially if the candidate would be in good company
and well treated. I feel that the widely adaptable chaste-tree,
Vitex agnus-castus f. latifolia, was ostracized undeservedly.
BERS
].28
eS
PHYTOLOGIA
Designed to expedite botanical publication
Vol. 28 July, 1974
LiGKRAKY
NEW YORK UG 15 1974
BOTANICA
GARDEIN CONTENTS
WILLIAMS, L. O., Tropical American plants, XVI ..........045:
mer, ©: E., New Peruvian Gesneriaceae ... 06. ee ee eens
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XXI ...
HALE, M. E., Jr., New species of Parmelia (lichens) from tropical
bibnerica I ed Nac SE ae alee ote RE ah alk fo Be yc
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). CXXIII. Additions to the genus Mikania... .
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). CXXIV. A new genus, Eitenia...........
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae
(Asteraceae). CXXV. Additions to the genus Bartlettina ....
ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae). XI. The
-JACKSON, J. D., Notes on Archibaccharis (Compositae—Astereae) . . .
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LXVII ...
nA. P. BOOK TEVIEWS.. 6 aos. Us lcd ob talk olaip Mets + ge
ie ee ee
I Te Re ae: ae aan alte pees Bee eae ee eae
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U'S.A.
No. 3
a
Price of this number $1.50; per volume, $8.50 in advance or $9 at close
of volume; 50 cents extra to foreign addresses
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XVI
LOUIS O. WILLIAMS
Field Museum of Natural History
The notes which follow are based on my studies in preparing
manuscript for Flora of Guatemala as well as notes made on a
recent field trip to Central America. Field work and floristic
research have both been supported by generous grants from
National Science Foundation.
COMPOSITAE
SENECIO ARMENTALIS L. Wms. nom. nove — Nelsonianthus
epiphyticus H. Robinson & Brittell, Phytologia 27: 54. 1973, not
Senecio epiphyticus 0. Kuntze, 1898.
The genus Nelsonianthus proposed recently by H. Robinson
and Brittell seems dubiously distinct when considered in the
context of the vast genus Senecio. However the species des—
cribed seems amply distinct from other species of Senecio known
to me from tropical America. Senecio armentalis is an attrac—
tive epiphytic species found on the highest elevations of Cerro
Marfa Tecum in the Guatemalan Sierra Madre where it occursin
the open forest, usually on oaks.
The basis for the name Nelsonianthus is not given but I
assume that it is for E. W. Nelson who collected this species
near Calel in the Department, of Quezaltenango at 11,000 feet on
January 20, 1896, his collection number 3682. Material of our
own collections from the same general area are being distributed.
These are Williams, Molina & Williams 41719, 41723 and 41747.
CONVOLVULACEAE
IPOMOEA TRILOBA L. Sp. Pl. 161. 1753; Standley & Williams,
Fieldiana, Bot. 24, pt. 9: 58. 1970.
I have had the pleasure of travelling through Mexico, and in
Central America as far as Nicaragua during November and December
1973, at the end of an especially heavy rainy season. There were
literally millions of acres of land abundantly covered with
Ipomoea triloba in flower. It is everywhere in disturbed areas
225
226 PRY) LT O0L 0 GTA Vol. 28, no. 3
and perhaps most common from some 400 to 800 meters elevation
although it goes to near sea level and occasionally is seen as
high as 1,500 meters. This species must be the commonest and
most abundant weed from Vera Cruz to Nicaragua and further
south.
GRAMINEAE
HYPARRHENIA RUFA (Nees) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Africa
9: 304. 1918. Trachypogon rufus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 345. 1829.
Swallen, Fieldiana, Bot. 24, pt. 2: 170. 1955.
Jaragua grass is native of Africa and was doubtless taken
from Africa to Brazil as a forage grass. It is thought | to have
been introduced from Brazil to Honduras by Tiburcio Cartas
(president of Honduras 1932-1947) and sown as a pasture grass on
the government farm in the Zamorano valley, probably in the early
1930s. This grass was well established in the Zamorano valley in
the mid=1940s when I went there and had essentially driven out
Panicum maximum Jacqe, a much superior pasture grass also native
of Africa. Panicum maximum, Guinea grass, was so common and
widely known in Central America that the usual name for it was
zacate or zacatén, which translates simply as Nerass™ (om Mipis:
grass!"
Jaragua is a tall, rough, and when mature a very tough grass
that most animals can not eate It has been the common practice
to burn over Jaragud pastures in the dry season to clear them
and to make available the tender young grass as the rainy season
starts. The rhizomes of the grass are resistant to fire so that
it is the surviving plant over millions of acres of Mexican and
Central American pasture lands. The native grasses and forbs
that are not resistant to fire are killed out in the annual
burnings .
Jaragua is now naturalized in most open or pasture land of
Central America from a bit above sea level to some 1,600 meters.
It is the dominant cover in many places. The feraen covered
hills can be very beautiful at the end of the rainy season but
in the dry season it forms a rather unattractive cover. When
Jaragua and Ipomoea triloba grow together, at middle and lower
elevations, they may form a thicket that is almost impenetrable.
HAMAMELIDACHK AE
MATUDAEA TRINERVIS Lundell, Lloydia 3: 210. 1940.
Dr. B. F. Kukashka wrote in October 1973 and suggested that
i cheeks ion several trees being cut commercially and exported by
Maderas Centro América, S. A. of Matagalpa, Nicaraguae Among
these was a tree the lumber of which is being marketed in the
United States as varaz6én, the local name in Nicaragua. Upon the
basis of wood specimens Dr. Kukashka thought the tree to be a
Distylium (=Molinadendron).
197 Williams, Tropical American plants 227
Professor Molina R. and I visited Mr. Dharam Yadav at
Matagalpa in November 1973 and were given specimens of the
varaz6én. Flowering material will be supplied as soon as the
tree comes into flower. There seems no question that the tree
is Matudaea trinervis and that it adds an important commercial
timber to those known from Central America.
The genus Matudaea, named for the well known Mexican bot-
anist Eizi Matuda, was discovered in the state of Chiapas,
Mexico as recently as 1940. Standley found the genus in Guate-
mala soon afterward and reported it in the Flora of Guatemala.
Standley, Molina and myself have made a half dozen collections
in Honduras since 1950, where the common name is reported as
esquiro. Salas and Taylor found the species at “La Fundadora",
Department of Matagalpa, Nicaragua in 1957 and reported the
common name of guayabo.
The foresters of Maderas Centro América, the largest saw
mill operators in Central America, now report the species as
an abundant and very fine commercial timber in the Cordillera
Isabelia (=Cordillera Central de Nicaragua), a tree to 35 meters
or more tall and to about one meter in diameter.
RUBIACEAE
BORRERIA EXILIS L. Wms. nom. nove — Borreria gracilis
Le Wms. Phytologia 26: 487. 1973, not Miq. ex Hook. nor Scheele.
Dr. Joseph Kirkbride has called my attention to the
improper use of the name Borreria gracilis which I applied to a
Costa Rican species. A specific name with the same meaning is
substituted.
PSYCHOTRIA CALOPOGON L. Wms. sp. nov. — Subg. Hetero—
psychotria. Arbusculae usque ad 2.5 m. altae pilosae. Folia
elliptica vel late elliptica acuminata pilosa, laminae usque ad
30 cm. longae; inflorescentia pedunculata paniculata multiflora;
calyx dense pilosus, lobi anguste lanceolati acuti; corolla
alba, tubi cylindrici, lobi ovati acuti pilosi; stylus tubo
subaequilongus, stigma bilobatum; fructus desideratur.
Shrubs to 2.5 m. tall, the stems spreading pilose pubescent,
probably glabrescent with age, stipules lanceolate, bilobate, the
apices scarious. Leaves narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic,
acuminate, with about 20 pairs of secondary nerves, these
prominent below, pilose on both surfaces, more so below and along
the mid=-nerve, pale green above and lighter below, the blades
12-30 cm. long and 3.5=12 cm. broad, the petioles 1-3 cm. long,
spreading pilose pubescent; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,
a rather loose many-flowered panicle with the lateral branches
of capitulate bracteate cymules; cymules subtended by 3-5
lanceolate, acute or acuminate pilose bracts mostly 4=5 mm. long
and 1.5-2 mm. broad; hypanthium and calyx about 2 mm. long,
228 PHY, Oe LEO Galea: Vol. 28, noes
densely pilose, the calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, acute, about
O.7-0.8 mm. long; corolla white, mostly 4-5 mm. long, the tube
narrow and about 3.5 mm. long, the lobes ovate, acute, pilose
dorsally, 1-1-5 mm. long; style about as long as the corolla tube,
stigma bipartite; stamens attached in the throat of the corolla
and the anthers exserted and about 0.5 mm. long; fruits not
known.
Guatemala: shrub about 5-8 feet tall, flowers white; calyx
pale green; leaves membranaceous, pale green above, grey-green
beneath, dense rich forest between Ixcan and Rfo ean Sierra de
los Cuchumatanes, Dept. Huehuetenango, alt. 150-200 m., July 23,
1942, Steyermark 49308 (type, F); Cubilquitz, Dept. Alta Verapaz,
alt. 350 m., July 1903, Tuerckheim 8403 (F).
A representative of a complex group of taxa related to
P. pilosa Ruiz & Pavén of South America. The Central American
specimens called P. pilosa are a mixture of several species.
PSYCHOTRIA CHRYSOCALYMMA L. Wms. spe nove — Subgenus
Heteropsychotria. Arbusculae usque ad 2 m. vel ultrae, ramuli
dense piloso—pubescentes. Folia petiolata elliptica acuminata
utrinque pubescentia usque ad 15 cm. longa; inflorescentiae
laterales longe pedunculatae subumbelliformes; hypanthium et
calyx dense et breviter pilosum, lobi angusti lanceolati acuti;
corolla alba extus pilosa, lobi oblongo—lanceolati; fructus
anguste ovoideus pubescens porcatus.
Shrubs to 2 m. tall or perhaps more, the branches densely
and softly short pilose=pubescent; stipules persistant, with two
lateral lanceiform lobes 2-3 mm. long. Leaves short petiolate,
elliptic, acuminate, pilose—pubescent or sparsely hirsute on
both surfaces, 12-15 cm. long and 4—5.5 cm. broad when mature,
secondary nerves 11-13 pairs, conspicuous below, petiole slender,
1-2 cm. long; inflorescence lateral, long pedunculate subumbell-—
iform cyme covered with yellowish or golden multicellular
pubescence, the peduncle about 6 cm. long, the cyme about 4 cm.
long, the bracts subtending each division of the inflorescence
linear and acute, 3 to 10 mm. long; flowers in each cymule about
4-5, short pedicellate, subtended by bracts longer than the calyx;
hypanthium and calyx about 4 mm. long, densely short pilose,
calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, acute, 1.5—2 mm. long; corolla
white, tubular, widest above the middle, pubescent outside
especially above, 13-15 mm. long, the lobes short, oblong—lanceo—
late, about 2 mm. long; style as long as the corolla, apex
shortly bilobate; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla,
included, anthers about 3 mm. long; fruits narrowly ovoid, each
carpel prominently 3=-ribbed dorsally, sparsely to densely
pubescent, 5-6 mm. long.
1974 Williams, Tropical American plants 229
Guatemala: shrub 5-7 feet tall; leaves membranaceous, dull
green above, gray—green beneath with prominent nerves; peduncles
spreading or slightly drooping, brownish green or suffused with
dull brick; pedicel mustard-yellow—tawny or golden tawny as is
the calyx and corolla tube; corolla lobes white; ovary dull
green; hills north of Finca Piamonte, between Finca Piamonte and
summit of Volcan Santa Luisa, Dept. El Progreso, alt. 2,/00-3,333
me, Feb. 5, 1942, Steyermark 43518 (type, F).
Related to P. purpusii Standl. from which it may be dis-—
tinguished easily by the narrow bracts, instead of broad ones,
subtending the segments of the inflorescence, the fruits
narrowly ovoid, not subglobose. It is a species of the eastern
highlands while P. purpusii is known only from the western high-
lands of Guatemala and adjacent Chiapas.
The specific name recalls the "golden head—covering" of the
plant.
PSYCHOTRIA IZABALENSIS L. Wms. sp. nov. — Subg. Hetero—
psychotria. Arbusculae aut arbores usque ad 4 m. altae glabrae
vel sparse pubescentes. Folia membranacea late elliptica vel
oblongo-elliptica longe acuminata glabra vel subtus leviter
puberula usque ad 30 cm. longa; inflorescentia terminalis in
cyma paniculata pedunculata multiflora nato; calyx perparvus,
lobi triangulari-ovati acuti; corolla alba extus pubescens tubo
cylindrica, lobi oblongo-lanceolati acuti; fructus desideratur.
Shrubs or small trees to 4 m. tall, the stems and leaves
glabrous or sparsely pubescent, the inflorescence short pilose
pubescent, the stipules persistent, truncate with the erect
lateral lobes linear, densely pubescent and about 4-6 mm. long.
Leaves membranaceous, broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, long
acuminate, glabrous except the petioles and nerves on lower
surface sparsely puberulent, the blades when mature 15-30 cm.
long and 5-11 cm. broad and attenuate into a short 1-2 cm. long
petiole; inflorescence terminal, a many—flowered paniculate cyme
with the cymules at most subcapitate but usually more open,
densely short pilose pubescent, pedunculate, 8-11 cm. long and
4-6 cm. broad, bracts subtending the main divisions linear-—
lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, bracts in the cymules conspicuous,
lanceolate to oblong—lanceolate, acute, sparsely pubescent and
ciliate, exceeding the calyx, mostly 3-4 mm. long; hypanthium
and calyx small, about 1 mm. long, pubescent, the calyx divided
to the bese, the lobes triangular—ovate, acute, about 0.5 mm.
long; corolla white, crisped—pubescent externally, tube
cylindric but broadened and sparsely barbate in the throat, about
4, mm. long, the lobes oblong—lanceolate, acute, about 2 mm. long;
stamens inserted in the corolla throat, anthers barely exserted,
about 1 mm. long; style as long as the corolla, the stigma
lobate; fruits not known.
230 PoHeYer*O: bro Gols Vol. 28, no. 3
Guatemala: tree 4 m.-, inflorescence yellow-green, along old
road, Exmibal Camp 2 (La Gloria), NW of Lake Izabal, serpentine—
derived Pateri vey vicinity of Lago Izabal, Dept. Izabal (long.
89° 25° lat. 15° 15"), alt. 0-600 m., 6 May 1966, Jones & Facey
3257 (F, NY, EAP); shrub 3 m., corolla translucent white, 1-2
km. south of Izabal, vicinity of Lago Izabal (long. 89° 25
lat. 15° 15°), alt. 0-600 m., 22 April 1966, Jones, Proctor &
Facey 3024 (F, type; NY).
Related to Psychotria brachiata Sw. and to the complex
around P. costaricensis Polak. From the first of these it is
easily distinguished by the stipules and details of the inflo-
rescence and flowers, by the larger long acuminate leaves.
PSYCHOTRIA OREODOXA L. Wms. spe nove — Subgenus Hetero—
psychotria. Arbusculae usque ad 5 m. altae ramosae glabrae aut
leviter puberulae. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceolata
longe acuminata glabra basi attenuata 10-18 cm. longa et 2-5 cm.
lata; inflorescentia thyrsiformis pedunculata; calyx brevis,
lobis angustis triangularibus acutis; corolla parva infra medium
tubularis; fructus carnosus atropurpureus.
Shrubs to 5 m. tall, branched, the branches glabrous or
obscurely puberulent, stipules persistent, about 3 mm. long with
lateral aceriform lobes. Leaves elliptic or elliptic—oblanceo—
late, long acuminate, attenuate to the slender petiole, glabrous,
with about 10 pairs of secondary nerves, the blades 10-18 cm.
long and 2—5 cm. broad, the slender petiole mostly 1-3 cm. long;
inflorescence terminal, thyrsiform, pedunculate, to about 7 cm.
long; flowers white, abundant; hypanthium and calyx 1-1.5 mm.
long, the calyx short, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute,
about 0.5 mm. long; the corolla small, tubular below and
slightly expanded above, about 5-6 mm. long, the lobes small,
oblong; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the anthers
exserted and about 1.5 mm. long; fruits very fleshy, purple—
black, the seeds about 2.5 mm. long, obscurely ridged.
Guatemala: moist forest, shrub 8 feet, near Vuelta del
tigre below Santa Marfa de Jests, Dept. Quezaltenango, alt.
about 1,500 m., March 11, 1939, Standley 68162; "chile",
along Quebrada San Jerénimo, Finca Pirineos, lower south facing
slopes of Volcan Santa Marfa, between Santa Marfa de Jests and
Calahuaché, alt. 1,300-2,000 m., January 1-2-8, 1940, Steyer—
mark 33355, 33816; shrub 15 feet tall, corolla white, south
facing slopes and barrancos of Volcdn Santa Clara 1 1/22 miles
west of Finca Naranjo, alt. 1,250 m, June 1, 1942, Steyermark
16803 (type, F); south facing slopes of Volcan Atitlan, above
Finca Moca, Dept. Solola, alt. 1,000-1,250 m., June 20, 1942,
Steyermark 47929.
197h Williams, Tropical American plants 231
PSYCHOTRIA OROGENES L. Wms. spe nove —= Subgenus Hetero
psychotria. Arbusculae vel arbores parvae usque ad 3-4 m. altae
dense piloso=pubescentes; stipulae persistentes bilobatae, lobi
lineares. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceolata acuminata
pilosa, petiolis brevibus; inflorescentia terminalis pedunculata
panicula cymosa pilosa; calyx perparvus, lobis lanceo—
triangularibus; corolla alba parva extus villosa, lobis oblongis
acutis; fructus subglobosus porcatus.
Shrubs or weak trees 3-4 m. tall, the branches densely
pilose pubescent with spreading hairs, the stipules persistent,
joined and surrounding the branches, each pubescent stipule with
a lateral pair of linear—lanceolate lobes 3-4 mm. long. Leaves
elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, acuminate, sparsely pilose
above, prominently and softly so below, with mostly 13-16 pairs
of lateral nerves, the blade 8-15 cm. long and 1.5=4 cm. broad,
petioles short, 0.7-1.5 cm. long; inflorescence a terminal
pedunculate panicle of cymules up to about 6 cm. long, conspic=
uously soft pilose when immature but less so in fruit, bracteo—
late, the bracts linear—filiform, those of the main branches
1 cm. long, those subtending flowers smaller; flowers white,
conspicuously short pilose, usually subtended by a filiform
bract about as long as the calyx; hypanthium and calyx 1—1.5 mm.
long; calyx very small, the lobes lance—triangular, about 0.5
mme long; corolla small, 4-5 mm. long, short villous outside,
the lobes oblong, acute, about 2 mm. long; fruits subglobose,
pilose, prominently ridged, 4-5 mm. long.
Guatemala: flores cremas, arbus to 3 me, poco frecuente,
bosque denso 5 km. al noroeste de Coban, Depto. Alta Verapaz,
alt. 1,400 m., Mayo 10, 1963, Molina & Molina 12026 (F, EAP);
weak tree 4 me high, wet cloud forest, Sierra de las Minas about
5 km. south of Purulha, Dept. Baja Verapaz, alt. 1,600 m,
January 2, 1973, Williams, Molina & Williams 1192), (F, type;
BAP, US, NY).
A montane Cloud forest species somewhat related to
P. pubescens Swe, a species of the low wet tropical forests. It
is easily distinguished by the narrower densely pubescent
leaves and details of flowers and inflorescences.
SPERMACOCEAB. — This tribe is perhaps as easily distin-—
guished as any tribe in the Rubiaceae. There are in Guatemala,
and in Central America, eight genera belonging to the tribe. All
of these, except Ernodea, have species that superficially are
much like those in others of the generae Characters to separate
these genera mostly are found in the fruits and if fruiting
material is not available, or not looked at, it is easy to put a
plant into an incorrect genus.
The facility with Which capable botanists, — Standley,
Dwyer, Molina R. and Gémez Pompa for example, — who are
familiar with the tribe and haveplaced a species into two or
232 Peele Yona OF TGR ORG eer Vol. 28; naag
three different genera indicates that perhaps there is something
wrong in the delimitation of the genera. The distinction of
Crusea from Diodia is not good; that of Spermacoce and Hemi-
diodia is not sharp; the large genus Borreria has look-alikes in
almost all of the other genera and in Borreria are to be found
'"misplaced" specimens of all of them. The tribe needs a friend
for it is not feasible for a floristic worker to give it the
time that it needs.
NEW. PERUVIAN GESNERIACEAE
Laurence E. Skog
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560
The pongo zone of the Rio Marafién in Peru is exceedingly
rich in endemic species. Each expedition to that remote region
of northwestern Amazonian Peru has garnered many species new to
science, particularly the expeditions by Tessmann in 1924 and by
Mexia in 1931-1932. Both of these collectors gathered plants
from the downstream end of the pongo region near Pongo de
Manseriche (see Wurdack, 1964). In 1962 John Wurdack visited
the pongo region from Montenegro near the upper limit of the
pongo zone downstream to Borja near Pongo de Manseriche, as well
as adjacent areas. From the more than 700 field collections two
new species of Besleria have been described (Morton, 1968) and
also, a new species of Nautilocalyx now known in the horticultural
trade from seeds collected by Wurdack (Skog, 1974).
Presented here are three additional new species of Gesneri-
aceae collected by Wurdack, including another new species of
Nautilocalyx, and new species of Monopyle and Napeanthus.
Additional collections of Gesneriaceae by Wurdack are yet to be
studied and will probably yield additional new taxa.
MONOPYLE FLAVA L. Skog, sp. nov. (Figure 1)
Herba erecta ad 0.5-1.5 m alta, prope basim ca 1 cm in diam.,
ramis brevibus. Internodia usque ad 20.5 cm longa, viridia vel
ferruginea, sparse albo-pilosa vel glabrescentia. Folia opposita
per paria aequalia vel valde inaequalia; petiolus sulcatus, 3-6
mm longus, 2-3 mm latus, viridis, tomentosus trichomatibus albis
uncinatis adpressis; lamina membranacea, ovata vel aliquanto
falcata, 6.6-21.2 cm longa, 4.1-10.8 cm lata, basi obliqua,
cordata, margine crenato-dentata vel serrata, apice acuminata,
supra viridis, sparsim inter venas trichomatibus dispersa vel
glabrescens, infra pallide viridis secus venas pilosa. Cymae
axillares, pluriflores, ad usque duplo longiores quam folia
subtenta; pedunculus primarius teres, 2.8-6.7 cm longus, 1-3 mm
in diam., viridis sparse pilosus; pedunculus secundarius 2.1-9.1
cm longus, divergens; bracteae primariae lineares vel lanceolatae
ca 7 mm longae, 1-2 mm latae, virides, pilosae; pedicellus 0.4-
1.6 cm longus, viridis, pilosus trichomatibus apicem versus
densioribus. Florae tubus obliquus, globosus, 2-4 mm in diam.,
viridis vel rubellus, albo-pilosus, costis non visis. Calycis
lobi 5, sub anthesim ca 1 mm connati, oblongi, 2-4 mm longi,
1.0-1.5 mm lati, virides, nervis prominulis, rubris vel
233
23h PHYZTODLOGIA Vol. 28, nos3
Figure 1. Monopyle flava L. Skog, sp. nov.
(Wurdack 2104, holotype US). Photographs by V. E.
Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of
Natural History.
1974 Skog, New Peruvian Gesneriaceae 235
atrovirentibus, apice acuto rubello, extus pilosi, intus virides,
praeter glandes flavas sparsas glabri, nervis flavis. Corolla
campanulata vel olliformis; tubus stamina duplo superans, 0.8-2.3
cm longus, ad basim 3-5 mm latus, ad orem 1.3-1.6 cm latus, extus
flavus (fide Wurdack), albo-pilosus trichomatibus limbus versus
minus densis, intus flavus, pagina inferiore basim versus
marronina vel purpurea maculata, glabra; limbus 1.2-2.2 cm latus,
5-lobatus, lobis orbicularibus, glabris, margine integris, lobis
superis 5-6 mm longis, 6-8 mm latis, lobis lateralibus 7-9 mm
longis, 7-8 mm latis, lobo basali 0.7-1.0 cm longo, 0.7-1.3 cm
lato. Stamina 4, vero discreta, filamentis curvis, ca 1 mm ad
basim latis, flavis, glabris; antherae adhaerentes, 1-2 mm longae;
staminodium nullum. Ovarium inferum, apice pilosum, stylo 5 mm
longo, versus stigma stomatomorphum glabrescento; discus nullus.
Capsula oblonga, ad basim gibbosa, 0.8-1.0 cm longa, 3-4 mm lata,
costis 5-15; semina numerosa, nigra, late fusiformia, oblique
striata, ca 0.3 mm longa, 0.3 mm lata.
Type: J. J. Wurdack 2104 (holotype US, 2404406!; isotypes
BH!, USM not seen, others to be distributed), collected in high
rainforest along Rio Marafién near Teniente Pinglo, just above
Pongo de Manseriche, Provincia de Alto Amazonas, Departamento de
Loreto, Peru, elev. 250-300 m, 4-7 October 1962. "Herb. 0.5-1.5
m, Occasional in moist ravine. Corolla yellow; maroon-dotted
in throat inside."
Other specimens examined: Peru: Departamento de Loreto,
Provincia de Alto Amazonas: J. J. Wurdack 2303 (US 2404454°),
rainforest on lower northwest slopes of Cerros Campanquiz, Rio
Marafti6én just above Pongo de Manseriche, elev. 250-350 m, 17
October 1962; G. Tessmann 4170 (NY!, US 2223618!), mouth of Rio
Santiago, on high land.
Three Peruvian species of Monopyle were treated by Morton
in his revision of the South American species in 1945. All other
known species of Monopyle have corolla tubes which are white to
purple with a completely purple limb or with purple spots on the
limb, or grading into a completely blue-purple corolla. Monopyle
flava differs from the other species in having a yellow corolla,
and with maroon maculae congested at the base of the corolla
tube.
Evidently the most closely related species is Monopyle
subsessilis Benth., typified by a Spruce collection from near
Tarapoto. Monopyle subsessilis differs from the species
described here by-a suite of characters: the leaves are nearly
always anisophyllous; inflorescences are condensed with secondary
peduncles scarcely 1 cm long and not diverging; lack of an
oblique floral tube; calyx lobes lanceolate, 6-9 mm long; and
the corolla limb 2.0-3.3 cm broad.
236 Pei TOrk OG? ik Vol. 28, nos 3
GUnter Tessmann also collected Monopyle flava in the same
area in 1924, but the specimens at NY and US remained unidentified
until the present study.
The lack of nectar-producing glands or disk and the presence
of the maroon maculae at the base of the corolla suggest that
Monopyle flava may be visited and pollinated by male euglossine
bees in somewhat the same manner as Gloxinia perennis (Vogel,
1966).
NAPEANTHUS LORETENSIS L. Skog, sp. nov. (Figure 2)
Herba rupicola, caulis brevissimis. Folia rosulata sessilia;
lamina anguste oblanceolata, 3.7-16.3 cm longa, 0.8-3.2 cm lata,
membranacea, ad basim cuneata, margine minute serrata ad apicem
acuta vel acuminata, supra viridis, sparse pilosa vel glabrescens,
subtus pallide viridis, secus venas pilosa. Inflorescentiae
pauciflorae, pedunculis tenuis teretibus, 1.0-4.7 cm longis,
minus quam 1 mm in diam., ca 1 mm latis, pilosis, bracteis
viridis, lanceolatis, 2-6 mm longis, ca 1 mm latis, pilosis,
pedicellis 1.4-2.1 cm longis, pilosis, in fructibus elongatis.
Sepala 5, e basi discreta, lanceolata vel elliptica, ca 3 mm
longa, ca 1 mm lata, viridia, marginibus integris ciliatis,
partibus exterioribus sparse pubescentibus, partibus interioribus
glabris. Corolla pallide azurea, tubo campanulato, 2-3 mm longo,
lobis 5, marginibus subintegris, superis 1-2 mm longis, ca 2 mm
latis, lateralibus ca 3 mm longis, 2-3 mm latis, lobo basali ca
3 mm longo, ca 2 mm lato. Stamina quattuor aequalia, filamentis
geniculatis ad basim corollae insertis, ca 1 mm longis, ad
geniculum minute pubescentibus, antheris ovatis, ca 1 mm longis,
ca 1 mm latis, staminodio brevissimo. Ovarium oblongum, glabrum,
ca 1 mm longum, stylo ca 3 mm longo, glabro, stigmate capitato.
Capsulae bi- vel quadrivalvae, ca 1.25 mm longae, seminibus
oblongis, nigris, oblique striatis, ca 0.5 mm longis, 0.25 latis.
Type: J. J. Wurdack 2159 (holotype US, 2404417! isotypes
BH! USM not seen), collected in high rainforest along Rio Maranén
near Teniente Pinglo, just above Pongo de Manseriche, Provincia
de Alto Amazonas, Departamento de Loreto, Peru, elev. 250-300 m,
4-7 October 1962. "On moist cliff, occasional. Corolla pale
blue-purple."
The genus Napeanthus Gardn. was revised in 1958 by Leeuwenberg
who treated 12 species from Central and South America. Napeanthus
loretensis differs from all other known species of Napeanthus by
possessing the combination of a stemless habit, leaves narrowly
oblanceolate and sparsely pilose to glabrous above, inflorescences
shorter than the leaves and bearing few flowers, each flower
having a calyx of 5 separate, 3-nerved sepals about 3 mm long,
and a pale blue-purple corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx.
This species is apparently the first Napeanthus described from
1974 Skog, New Peruvian Gesneriaceae 237
Figure 2. Napeanthus loretensis L. Skog, sp.
nov. (Wurdack 2159, holotype US).
238 PUBL T0 OG rk Vol. 28, noes
only Peru, a country from which few collections of this genus
are known. Surely Napeanthus is more common in Peru than the
paucity of specimens demonstrates?
NAUTILOCALYX MINUTIFLORUS L. Skog, sp. nov. (Figure 3)
Herba paene acaulescens vel suffruticosa erecta vel decumbens;
caulis ad 20 cm longus, 5 mm crassus, ad basim ramificans;
stolones nulli. MInternodia 0.1-1.0 cm longa, viridia vel
brunnescentia, pilosa vel glabrescentia. Folia opposita per
paria subaequalia; petiolus 0.3-1.0 cm longus, 2-3 mm latus,
viridis, pilosus; lamina membranacea elliptica vel obovata,
7.4-20.5 cm longa, 3.6-10.1 cm lata, basi acuta vel truncata
interdum cuneata, margine serrata vel crenata, apice acuta vel
obtusa, supra atrovirens bullata pilosa trichomatibus adpressis
ad bullae apicem, venis leviter immersis pallide viridibus,
infra pallide viridis, secus venas flavo-virentes emersas pilosa,
inter venas interdum pilosa. Inflorescentiae axillares, pluri-
flores, cymosae vel racemosae quam folia subtenta usque 1/4
longiores; pedunculus gracilis, 2.1-4.1 cm longus, viridis,
albo-tomentosus; pedicellus 0.6-1.0 cm longus, albo-tomentosus.
Receptaculum turbinatum, 1-2 mm longum, 1-2 mm latum, viride,
albo-tomentosum. Sepala 5, e basim discreta lanceolata, 3-5 mm
longa, ad basim ca 1 mm lata, apice acuminata, extus pilosa,
intus glabra. Corollae tubus infundibuliformis calcaratus 3-5.5
mm longus, ad basim 2 mm latus, extus sparsim pilosus, intus
glaber sed ad orem pilosus, purpureo-vittatus vel maculatus;
limbus ca 6 mm latus, dense glandulosus, lobis superis erectis
ca 1.5 mm longis, 1.0-1.5 mm latis, lobis lateralibus patentibus
1-2 mm longis, ca 1 mm latis, lobo basali patenti, 1-2 mm longo,
1.0-1.5 mm lato. Stamina 4, inclusa; filamenta ad tubae corollae
basim per ca 1 mm adnata, ca 5 mm longa, glabra, post dehiscentiam
spiralia; antherae adhaerentes, loculis globosis ca 0.5 latis,
dorsaliter sparsim pilosis; staminodium nullum. Ovarium ovoideum,
ca 1 mm longum, pilosum; stylus ca 5 mm longus, ad basim pilosus,
stigmate conspicue bilobo, glanduloso; discus 2-glandulosus,
glandula posteriore 1/3 base ovario cingenti, ca 0.75 mm longa,
glandula anteriore ca 0.25 mm longa. Capsula globosa, bivalvis,
ca 2 mm lata; semina fusiforma, oblique striata, ca 0.3 mm longa,
0.2 mm lata, ferruginea.
Type: J. J. Wurdack 2072 (holotype US, 2404394!, isotypes
BH!, USM not seen, others to be distributed), collected in high
rainforest along Rio Marafién near Teniente Pinglo, just above
Pongo de Manseriche, Provincia de Alto Amazonas, Departamento de
Loreto, Peru, elev. 250-300 m, 4-7 October 1962. "Locally
frequent. Corolla white."
197 Skog, New Peruvian Gesneriaceae 239
Figure 3. Nautilocalyx minutiflorus L. Skog,
sp. nov. (Wurdack 2072, holotype US).
20 Paty TiOu OG) Eek Vol. 28, no. 3
This species resembles some members of the genus Cremosperma
in its inflorescences of numerous small flowers, but the flowers
in this plant despite their size are definitely those of a
Nautilocalyx in having a spurred corolla and two discrete glands.
Other species of Nautilocalyx have corollas well over 1 cm long;
N. picturatus also collected by Wurdack from the valley of Rio
Marafién has corollas up to 4.5 cm long. The leaves of the latter
species differ markedly from Nautilocalyx minutiflorus in the
light green bands along the veins on the upper surface and the
lower surface suffused with reddish-purple with pale green
bands.
LITERATURE CITED
Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. 1958. The Gesneriaceae of Guiana. Acta
Bot. Neerl. 7: 291-444.
Morton, C.V. 1945. Las especies sudamericanas del género
Monopyle. Revista Univ. (Cuzco) 87: 98-116.
Morton, C.V. 1968. The Peruvian species of Besleria
(Gesneriaceae). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 125-151.
Skog, L.E. 1974. Valid publication of Nautilocalyx picturatus
[Gesneriaceae]. Baileya 19: 118-122.
Vogel, S. 1966. ParfUmsammelnde Bienen als Best#uber von
Orchidaceen und Gloxinia. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 113:
302-361.
Wurdack, J.J. 1964. Botanical exploration of the Marafién
rain forests. Gard. J. New York Bot. Gard. 14:
143-146.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XXT
Harold N. Moldenke
VERBENA [Dorst.] L.
Additional & emended bibliography: Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl.
Ceylon 6: 229 & 231. 1931; Kanjilal, Das, Kanijalal, & De, Fl.
Assam 3: 61, 62, & 561. 1939; Glover, Prov. Check List Brit. &
Ital. Somal. 56, 268, & 269. 1947; R. O. Williams, Useful & Orna-
ment. Pl. Zanzib. 76, 95, & 482. 199; McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus.
Bull. 360A: 195--196, 353, 358, 388, & 432. 1958; Abeywickrama,
Ceylon Journ. Sci. Biol. 2: 217. 1959; A. M. Anderson in Mrs. A.
S. Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. . 1961; Mrs. C. H. Stout in Mrs,
A. S. Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. 51. 1961; hirs. M. J. Fox in Mrs.
A. S. Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. 66. 1961; E. Anderson in Mrs. A.
S. Anderson, Oyr Gard. Herit. 79. 1961; Mrs. E. M. Cheston in Mrs.
A. S. Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. 357. 1961; Irwin & Wills, Road-
side Fls. Seyl. 147. 1968; C. A. Br., Wildfls. La. 155, 156, 2h2,
2hh, & 246. 1972; Altschul, Drugs & Foods 243 & 358. 1973; Borland,
Seasons 49. 1973; Burlage, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country 143—1hh.
1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (10): xvii. 1973; Fenaroli,
Webbia 28: 356 & 10. 1973; R. R. Rao, Stud. Flow. Pl. Mysore Dist.
2: 752 & 754 [thesis]. 1973; Anon., Sunset 152 (): 226. 197h;
Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 195--221. 197).
Gunawardena (1968) gives the derivation of the generic name,
Verbena, as "Latin, twigs of laurel, olive, myrtle, cypress, etc.,
used in Roman sacrifices and other religious acts; a corruption of
the Celtic fervain which led to English vervain for V. officina-
lis." Williams (1949) describes the genus as consisting of
"creeping plants, lvs. soft and finely divided, fls. small and
rosy violet", but this description applies to only a very few spe-
cies in the genus. Such generic "descriptions", based on only one
or a few species, or on the species found in a small geographic
area, are most misleading to the non-specialist who may rely on
them as descriptive of the entire genus.
VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 195, 199, 200,
20h, & 211. 197k.
Spellenberg and his associates encountered this plant in a
swale. The corollas on Spellenberg, Ragan, & Willson 3390 are de-
scribed as having been "pink-lavender" in color when fresh.
Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Lincoln Co.: Spellenberg, Ra-
gan, & Willson 3390 (N). a
VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA f. EGLANDULOSA Perry
ee bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 111 & 211.
1974.
Lehto and his associates found this plant growing in ponderosa
2h
22 PHY TO L70°G L.A Vol. 28, moa
pine-Gambel oak forests in Arizona.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Greenlee Co.: Lehto, McGill,
Nash, & Pinkava 11267 (N).
VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA Nutt.
Additional & emended bibliography: Irwin & Wills, Roadside Fls.
Tex. 189, pl. 39. 1961; Burlage, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country 143.
1973; Molcenke, Phytologia 28: 195--196 & 199. 197k.
Emended illustrations: Irwin & Wills, Roadside Fls. Tex. pl.
39 (in color). 1961.
Irwin & Wills (1961) give the distribution of this species as
"South Dakota to Alabama, west to Arizona and northern Mexico" and
say of it that "The Prairie Verbena is one of the most abundant
wildflowers in Texas, from the points of view of both distribution
and period of flowering. While commonest on limestone soils, it
is found throughout most of the state, the only exceptions being
the pine forests of the East and the most desertous western re-
gions. It flowers most freely in the spring, but in moist situa-
tions in the southern part of the state the flowers keep coming
nearly throughout the year. The low matted habit suits the plant
well for edge-work in the garden. Restricted to the Trans—Pecos
is a plant of similar habit, Wright's Verbena, V. wrightii Gray,
an annual with leafy erect or spreading stems and rosy or light
purple flowers in spring."
Burlage (1973) records the common names "Dakota Verbena",
"Sweet—William", "Small Flowered Verbena", "Common Verbena",
"Wild Verbena", and "Plains Verbena" for this plant and says of it
that "The flowers bloom from spring until severe freeze. They are
clusters of flowers on the top of the stalk, which has many
prostrate branches. The leaves are thick, rough, divided into
narrow segments. Children suck the nectar from the corollas tube.
The Highway Department uses it for roadside planting."
VERBENA BONARIENSIS L.
Additional bibliography: Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon
6: 231—232. 1931; Abeywickrama, Ceylon Journ. Ses. Biol.) 2:02.
1959; Gunawardena, Gen. & Sp. Pil, Zeyl. 147. 1968; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 28: 196. 197.
Alston (1931) describes the inflorescence of this plant as
“usually simple", but this is not true. He describes the flower
color as "pale mauve" and notes that the plant blooms in Ceylon
in December and January. Gunawardena (1968) comments that the
specific epithet is derived from Bonaria, the classical name for
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
VERBENA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rodr.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 196. 197).
Recent collectors have found this plant in grassy areas of
pinyon-juniper formations and as a member of the shortgrass
prairie community in New Mexico.
Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Lincoln Co.: Spellenberg, Ra-
gan, & Willson 3400 (N). Quay Co.: L. C. Higgins 6915 (N).
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 23
VERBENA CAMERONENSIS L. I. Davis
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 120. 197h.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: C. L. Lundell 10771
(Mi). MEXICO: San Luis Potos{: C. L. Lundell 12256 (1d, Mi).
VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton
Additional bibliography: E. Anderson in Mrs. A. S. Anderson,
Our Gard. Herit. 79. 1961; C. A. Br., Wildfls. La. 155, 2hh, & 26.
1972; Burlage, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country 143. 1973; "uoldenke,
Phytologia 28: 197--200 & 209. 197k.
Additional illustrations: C. A. Br., Wildfls. La. 155 (in col-
or). 1972.
Burlage (1973) records the common names, "rose verbena", "rose
vervain", and "Lambert's verbena", for this species. He says of
it: "These have ovate leaves which are toothed or lobed, but not
divided as is Wild Verbena [V. ciliata]. The flowers are reddish-
purple with white eye surrounded by a black line." Anderson
(1961) comments that in the Ozark Mountains this species and
Lithospermum canescens "mix brilliant magenta and vivid orange on
many hillsides in springtime."
VERBENA CANESCENS H.B.K.
Additional & emended bibliography: Irwin & Wills, Roadside Fls.
Tex. 190. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200—202, 20h, 207, &
Zs. 197k.
VERBENA CAROLINA L.
Additional bibliography: Altschul, Drugs & Foods 23. 1973;
Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (10): xvii. 1973; Moldenke, Phyto-
logia 28: 202--203. 197).
Altschul (1973) cites Hinton 2729 from Mexico and reports his
statement that this species is "triturated [and] taken for malaria",
VERBENA CILIATA Benth.
Additional synonymy: Verbena ciliate Benth. ex Burlage, Wild
Flow. Pl. Lakes Country 143, sphalm. 1973.
Additional bibliography: purlate, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country
143. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 201 & 203--205. 197k.
Brrlage (1973) records the common names, "fringe verbena" and
"wild verbena" for this plant and notes that it "is an anmal with
spreading, square stems with flat-topped clusters of small, reddish
or purple flowers. The leaves are opposite. The flowers are tubu-
lar. These grow in patches, but never in extended areas."
VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Altschul, Drugs & Foods 23. 1973; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 28: 200, 201, & 206——209. 197k.
Altschul (1973) cites Gen entry 2730 2730 from Mexico and reports his
statement that a decoction is there made of the herbage of this
plant and that this is used in the treatment of stomach ailments.
2hh PHY TiO L.O/Gyr A Vol. 28, no. 3
XVERBENA ENGELMANNII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 209 & 216.
197k.
Gunderson found this plant growing in cow pastures in Wiscon-
sin, flowering in September, and describes the corolla color as
"purple". tt
Additional citations: WISCONSIN: Grant Co.: J. Gunderson 26)
(Ws, Ws).
VERBENA HALEI Small
Additional & emended bibliography: Irwin & wills, Roadside Fls.
Tex. 190. 1961; Burlage, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country 143. 1973;
Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 212--213. 197.
Burlage (1973) records the common names, "blue vervain", "can-
delabra vervain", "slender verbena", "slender vervain", "standing
verbena", and "vervain", for this species. He describes it as "A
perennial which takes on renewed blooming from early spring until
fall, but only scattered plants bloom after June. The flowers are
small, scattered at the top of the stem and are purple. The upper
leaves are narrow, those of the midstem are divided and the lower
are broad and irregularly toothed." Higgins reports it from grav-
elly soil in the desert shrub community of Texas.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: L. C. Higgins 6762
(N).
VERBENA HASTATA L.
Additional & emended bibliography: McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus.
Bull. 360A: 195, 196, 353, & 432. 1958; Borland, Seasons 9.
1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 213--218. 1974.
McVaugh (198) speaks of this plant as "common" in "Pastures
and wet places.....Abundant in moist meadows and along streams,
but also often weedy, in pastures and cultivated ground." He re-
fers to the corolla-color as "violet-—blue".
The D. Wills s.n. [July 27, 1957], distributed as V. hastata,
is actually xV. xV. rydbergii Moldenke.
XVERBENA HYBRIDA Voss
Additional & emended bibliography: R. 0. Williams, Useful & Or
nament. Pl. Zanzib. 482. 199; A. M. Anderson in Mrs. A. S. Ander-
son, Our Gard. Herit. ). 1961; Mrs. C. H. Stout in Mrs. A. S. An-
derson, Our Gard. Herit. 51. 1961; Mrs. M. J. Fox in Mrs. A. S.
Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. 66. 1961; Mrs. E. M. Cheston in Mrs. A.
S. Anderson, Our Gard. Herit. 357. 1961; Irwin & Wills, Roadside
Fls. Tex. 190. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 220—221. 197k.
Burkill (1966) says that "Vv. hybrida must be grown as an annual
from imported seed [in Malaya], and, as Mrs. Gough says (Gard.
Book for Malaya, 1928, p. 248), is impatient of damp and not al-
ways a success in wet weather." Williams (199) records it as
cultivated on Zanzibar and Pemba islands in many colors, rooting
"at the joints", and "especially in garden beds during cooler
weather."
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 25
The Boulos s.n. [July 1952], distributed as xV. hybrida, is ac-
tually V. rigida S Spreng.
Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Bermuda: Brown & Britton 1728
(Ba—photo). Canada: Gillett 0-22-67 (Ba). Ceylon: Moldenke, —
Moldenke, Jayasuriya, & & Sumithraarachchi 28291 (Pd). Egypt: Has-
sib s.n. fesiT (Gz); Mahdi Son. [16/6/1971] (Ac); Sisi s.n.
[26/5/1973] (Gz); V. T&ckholm s.n. 1. [30/10/1959] (Gz). New lew York:
R. B. Clark s.n. (B. H. 64-106) (B (Ba); D. A. Fisher s.n. [July 6,
1936) (Ba). Pennsylvania: J. W. Peterson Jel J104 (Ba). Saint
Thomas: Britton & Britton 237 (Ba--photo). South Africa: Bayliss
BC.118 (Ba). Texas: Co L. . Lundell 10936 (Mi). Zambia: Coxe 18
(Ba).
XVERBENA ILLICITA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. l,
677 (1932) and pr. 2, 2: 677. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 238 2iG«
1972 6
VERBENA INCISA Hook,
Additional synonymy: Verbena arraniana Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict.,
ed. 1, 328. 180.
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. &
Med, 2: 158. 1860; Furusato, Bot. & Zool. Theoret. & Appl. Tokyo
[Syokubutu Oyobi Dobuti] 8: ”130h, 1306, 1307, 1310s .& 130I6
(8): LO, h2, 43, h6, & h7], fig. 3. 1940; angely, Fl. Anal. &
Fitogeogr . 5. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 839, map 1393. 1971; Encke & Buch-
heim in Zander, Handwtrterb. Pflanzenn., ed. 10, 520. 19723; F.
Perry, Fils. Horld 303 & 320. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 218 &
237 (1972) and 25: 23h & a7 1973; koldenke in Woodson, Schery,
& al., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: 45 & 148. 1973; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 26: 221. 197).
Additional illustrations: Furusato, Bot. & Zool. Theoret. &
Appl. Tokyo [Syokubutu Oyobi Dobuti] 8: 1307 [8 (8): 43], fig. 3.
190.
Furusato (19,0) reports that seeds of this plant required about
18 days to germinate under normal conditions; with 0.02 percent
colchicine they also required 18 days; with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 per-
cent 20 days; and with 0.4 and 0.8 did not germinate at all. The
species' normal chromosome number he reports as 10, diploid 20,
and tetraploid 0; no octoploid was produced.
The Angely (1971) reference cited in the bibliography above was
previously cited by me as 1970, the title-page date, but this work
was not actually published until 1971.
Paxton (18,0) asserts that V. incisa was introduced into cul-
tivation in England in 1835 and his V. arraniana in 1837. Dupuis
(1860) describes the color of the flowers as "rose pourpre", which
leads one to suspect that his plant was not V. incisa.
The late Dr. T. A. Sprague, in a letter to Dr. L. H. Bailey
dated 9/6/2h, says "Verbena incisa Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3628 (1838).
26 P Hier LO) Gok Vol. 28, no. 3
Only a fragment (two nodes, without flowers) of the actual type-
specimen was preserved, and this would not make a satisfactory
photograph. There is, however, a fine contemporary specimen of a
plant cultivated as V. incisa in the Gardens of the Horticultural
Society. This agrees with the Bot. Mag. plate and may be accep—
ted as a ‘working type'. It is being photographed. The sheet
containg the wild specimens cited by Hooker is also being photo-
graphed." These photographs have been examined by me and are
cited below; all three specimens are preserved in the herbarium
of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. The corollas on Quarin 655,
cited below, are said to have been "red" when fresh and the col-
lector comments that it is a "maleza en cultivos de algodén"
{weed in cotton-fields].
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Tweedie 50)
(Ba—-photo), 505 (Ba--photo). PARAGUAY: Hassler 12335 (Ba-—
photo, Ba--photo). ARGENTINA: Santa Fé: Quarfin 655 (Ld); Tweed-
ie 460 (Ba—photo), s.n. [Santa Fé] (Ba--photo). CULTIVATED:
England: Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. sen. (Ba—photo). MOUNTED ILLUS-
TRATIONS: Hook., Bot. Mag. 65: pl. 3628. 1839 (Ba--photo).
VERBENA INTEGRIFOLIA Sessé & Moc.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 280. 1972.
Additional citations: LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: C.
Hayden s.n. (Pd).
XVERBENA INTERCEDENS Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 280 (1972)
and 28: 116. 197).
Recent collectors describe this plant as attaining a height of
about 1 meter. When in cultivation as "a garden annual" in the
United States gardens it flowers and fruits in July and August.
In Brazil it has been encountered on the campos. The corollas
are said to have been "pale-violet" on Dress 1393, "violet" on
Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Marufiak 23056, and "purple" on Cowgill
903 -- the last mentioned collection being taken from plants
grown from seed of Archer 1821 from Paraguay.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Krapovickas,
Cristébal, & Marufiak 23056 (Z). CULTIVATED: Maryland: Cowgill
903 (Pl. Introd. 121505] (Ba). New York: Dress 1393 (Ba).
VERBENA INTERMEDIA Gill. & Hook.
Emended synonymy: Verbena intermedia Gill. ex Gibert, Enum.
Pl. Montev. 43. 1873.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 328. 189; Gibert, Enum, Pl. Montev. 43. 1873;
Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 909. 1938; Reitz, Sellow-
ia 22: 145. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 280-281 (1972), 25:
235 (1973), and 28: 201. 197k.
Gibert (1873) reduces V. canescens to synonymy under V. inter-
197), Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 2h7
media, but this is obviously an error. Verbena canescens is a
very distinct species of Nevada, Texas, and Mexico. Paxton (16),0)
avers that V. intermedia was introduced into cultivation in Eng-
land in 1828. Rosengurtt Gallinal refers to it as "rare" in Uru-
guay, and the corollas on Rosengurtt Gallinal 6018 are described
as having been "violet" in color when fresh.
en citations: URUGUAY: Rosengurtt Gallinal 6018 (Ba),
B.7 Ba).
VERBENA JORDANENSIS Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitoge-
ogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 839 & xix, map 1393, 1971; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 23: 281. 1972.
The corollas on Hatschbach 3079 are said to have been "white"
when fresh and the plant was encountered on rocky campos.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 3079 (Ld).
VERBENA LACINIATA (L.) Briq.
Additional synonymy: Verbena erinaides Willd. ex Lindl. in Ed-
wards, Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1766, in textu. 1835. Lychnidea verbenae
tenuifoliae folio, vulgo Sandia Laguen Feuill. ex Lindl. in Ed-
wards, Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1766, in syn. 1835. Verbena pulcherrima
Hook. ex Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. & Med. 80. 1860.
Additional & emended bibliography: Desf., Tabl. fcol. Bot., ed.
1, 54. 180); Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 63. 1809; Desf.,
Tabl. col. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg.
21: pl. 1748 & 1766. 1835; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. & Med. 2: 80
& 10h. 1860; Gibert, Enum, Pl. Montev. 43. 1873; Anon., Kew Bull.
Misc. Inf. 1929, App. 2: 108. 1929; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray
Herb. 18): 170. 1958; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed.
1, h: 839, vid, & xix, map 1393. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 2{,:
22, 46, 137, 147, 218, 233, & 237-20 (1972), 25: 234 (1973), and
262/212..197h.
Dupuis (1860) describes what he calls V. pulcherrima as "Annu-
elle; tige de 50 cent.; fleurs violettes; juin-octobre" and V. erin-
oides as "Annuelle; tiges de 10 cent.; fleurs lilas; juin-octobre",
Desfontaines (180) calls the species "verveine laciniée". Paxton
(1840) asserts that it was introduced into cultivation in England
in 1818. The Verbena erinaides Willd., listed in the synonymy a-
bove, was previously erroneously listed by me as a synonym of var.
contracta (Lindl.) Moldenke.
The Herb. Desfontaines 4 specimen, of which there is a photograph
in the Bailey Hortorium herbarium, bears a label in Desfontaines!
own handwriting reading "Verbena multifida F. peruv. V. erinoides
L. hb., Erinus laciniatus L." To this Spach (curator of the Paris
Museum herbarium at the time) has added: "Verbena tenera Sprgl. —
pulchella Sweet (Non V. erinoides)". A memorandum to Dr. L. H.
Bailey from the Paris herbarium curator states that this IS probab-
28 PR xg Oper OrGr Ls Vol. 28, no. 3
ly the type specimen of V. erinoides. However, that binomial is
based on Erinus laciniatus of Linnaeus and THAT is based on a
Feuillée non-existent specimen, so the illustration given by Feu-
illée must be regarded as the "standard" type according to the
late expert on the International Rules, Dr. Sprague of Kew. The
Desfontaines and the two Lamarck specimens, photographs of which
are cited below, are deposited in the herbarium of the Muséum Nat-
ional d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris.
The corollas on Asplund 2017 are said to have been "pale-
violet" when fresh and this distinguished collector encountered
the plant on dry slopes in Ecuador at 2300 meters altitude.
The Mahu 758-L & 4232 and Morrison 16771, distributed as V.
laciniata, are actually V. berterii (Mesin. j Schau., while Eyer-
dam & Beetle 22317 is V. ~dissecta Willd. The Angely (1971)
work cited in the bibliography above was previously cited by me as
1970, the title-page date, but was not actually published until
1971.
Additional citations: ECUADOR: Tunguragua: Asplund 2017 (W--
2652458). URUGUAY: Herb. Lamarck 3 (Ba--photo). ARGENTINA: Bue-
nos Aires: Herb. Lamarck 2 (Ba—photo). CULTIVATED: France:
Herb. Desfontaines 4 (Ba—photo) .
VERBENA LACINIATA var. CONTRACTA (Lindl.) Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Verbena erinoides var. sabini Sweet,
Brite fie Gard. (Sere, 2, 2, ul: pl. 347. 1836. Verbena sabini
Hort. ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. "Gard. 7 (ser. 2, kJ: pl. 37, “in syn.
1836. Verbena *multifida sabini D. Don ex ‘G. ton in Loud., Hort.
Brit. Suppl. 2: 680. 1839. Verbena sabini Sweet ex Scahu. in A.
DC. erodr, 11: 553, in: syn. 1817. Verbena sabiniana Hort. ex
Briq., Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genév. 7-3: 297. 190). Verbena
erinoides sabinii D. Don ex Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 429. 1931. Ver-
bena laciniata var. sabini (Sweet) Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 426.
1951. Verbena laciniata var. sabinii ieidocke in Chittenden, Roy.
Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 6: 2211. 1951.
Additional & emended bibliography: Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Ber-
ol. 2: 634—635. 1809; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (180)
and ed, 2, 328. 189; Regel, Gartenfl. 28: 372—373. 1879; Jacks.
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1179, 1895; Briq., Ann.
Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genév. 7-8: 296-297. 1904; Jacks. in Hook.
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 1179 (1946) and pr. 3, 2: 1179.
1959; Moldenke, Résumé 223, 36h, 370, 373, & 472. 1959; Moldenke,
Résumé Suppl. 3: 14, 29, 37, 38, 4O, & 41. 1962; Moldenke, Phyto—
logia 9: 394—396, 399, & 01—{03 (1963) and da: 188, 189, 271,
& 69. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 193, 201, & 371 *(a971) and
ee 668, 678, 68h, 69h, & 916. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23:
284. 1972.
Additional illustrations: Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 7 [ser. 2, h]:
pl. 347 (in color). 1836.
The original description of var. contracta (1835) reads "What
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 2h9
we now figure is a dwarfer and more short-jointed kind [than V.
multifida Rufz & Pav.], our drawing of which was made in the Gar-
den of the Horticultural Society last June. It looks almost like
a species of scentless Thyme, and grows into a very dense patch
which has but little disposition to extend itself." The original
description of var. sabini (1836) is "It differs from the normal
variety of erinoides only by its dwarfer, denser, and more glab-
rous habit, and rich purple flowers". It seems most likely to me
now that these two names apply to the same taxon, for which the
earlier varietal name must be adopted. Paxton (180) avers that
it was introduced into cultivation in England in 183); Willdenow
(1809) lists it as cultivated at the Berlin Botanical Garden in
1809.
Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Edwards, Bot.
Reg. 21: pl. 1766. 1835 (Ba--photo, Ba—-photo, Ba—photo); Sweet,
Brit. Fl. Gard. 7 [ser. 2, 4]: pl. 347. 1836 (Ba—photo, Ba--
photo, Ba--photo) .
VERBENA LACINIATA var. SABINI (Sweet) Moldenke
This taxon is now regarded as a synonym of V. laciniata var.
contracta (Lindl.) Moldenke, so all the data recorded by me
previously under this trinomial should be transferred to the
latter.
VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS Link
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Anon., Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1929, App.
3: 108. 1929; Higgins, Occas. Pap. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 8:
121. 1949; Wetzel, Madrofio 21: 195. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23:
284--287. 1972; Howitt & Howell, Suppl. Vasc. Pl. Monterey Co. 28.
1973.
Higgins (199) says that this species is "Common from Point
Loma....and San Onofre....to Palomar Mt....and Cuyamaca MtsS.eee;
has been taken at Japatul" and cites nos. 6787, 11037, 21028,
22058, & 288) from California. Wetzel (1971) found it "Fairly
common along margins of Alameda Creek" in the same state. Paxton
(180) asserts that it was introduced into cultivation in England
in 1826, but is "worthless" in cultivation.
The M. Hall s.n. [May 18, 190], distributed as V. lasiostachys,
is actually V. abramsi Moldenke, while Ferlatte & Rogers 2031 is
V. lasiostachys var. septentrionalis Moldenke.
Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: Hoover 161 (Bl—
19161). Monterey Co.: L. S. Rose 53042 (Bl—91003, Bl—253598).
VERBENA LASICSTACHYS var. SEPTENTRIONALIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 218. 1972;
Howitt & Howell, Suppl. Vasc. Pl. Monterey Co. 28. 1973.
Recent collectors describe this plant as "woody at base, in
large clumps" and found it growing on open rocky hillsides burned
over about 3 years previously and in gravel waste lands by old
250 PH EO) dp70 Gk Vol. 28, nose
cabins with Plantago, Lepidium, and Cryptantha. The corollas on
Ferlatte & Rogers 2031 are said to have been "purple" and these
collectors speak of the plant as being "occasional" in its distri-
bution.
Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Santa Cruz Co.: Moldenke &
Moldenke 25971 (Ac). Trinity Co.: E. K. Balls 13802 (Bl—60169) ;
Ferlatte & & Rogers 2031 (Bl1—2h5222)._
VERBENA LILACINA Greene
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 288. 1972.
Recent collectors describe this species as a rounded shrub, 1 n.
tall, or a bushy herb, and found it growing at altitudes of 10 to
1100 meters on silty flats or the steep north slope of canyons.
Moran 17123 bears a notation that this collection represents "the
northernmost [specimen] seen on the coast road, Puerto San José",
Baja California. The Haines & Hale unnumbered specimen in the
University of Arizona herbarium is said to be a topotype of the
species. The corollas on Moran 8195 & 10669 are said to have been
"lavender" when fresh.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: R. Moran 8195
(Ba, Bl—-187272), 17123 (Ld), 17127 (Bl—264,35). MEXICAN OCEANIC
ISLANDS: Cedros: Haines & Hale sen. [9 March 1939] (Bl1—76561),
san. (Tu—102687); R. Moran 10669 (Ba), 10698 (Bl—-187261).
VERBENA LINDMANI Briq.
Additional & emended bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 13: 110
(1961) and 22: 145. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 288. 1972.
VERBENA LITORALIS H.B.K.
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (180) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Gibert, ” mum. Pl. Montevid.
43. 1873; Hartwell, Lloydia 3h: 367. 19225 "Fedde & Schust. in
Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 417. 1939; Oertel, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Circ. 55h: 21. 1939; Garcia Alcover, Med. Herb. Chil. 1950; Angely,
Taxon ): 120. 1955; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 171.
1958; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeoer. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 839, 80,
& xix, map 139). 1971; Beadle, Evans, Carolin, & Tindale, Fl. Syd—
ney Reg., ed. 2, SO7.. 1972; Faernsworth, Pharmacog . Titles 7 (ku):
xxv & 222. 1972; Hinton & Rzedowski, Journ. Arnold Arb. 53: 167.
1972; Rouleau, exon Index Vol. 1-20 part 1: 378. 1972; Moldenke,
Phytologia 2h: 216, 218, & 22h “(19725 and 25: 23). 1973; Altschul,
Drugs & Foods 2h3.. 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 6, Cum.
Gen. Ind. [121]. 1973; Moldenke in Woodson, Schery, & al., Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: --7 & 148, fig. 1. 1973; Moldenke, Phytolo—
gia 28: 203 & 218. 197).
Additional illustrations: Moldenke in Woodson, Schery, & al.,
Ann, Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: 6, fig. 1. 1973.
Recent collectors have found this species growing in wet sand
or roadside marl, open fields and clearings, hillside pastures,
rainforests on mountains, mountain slopes, and cloudforests, along
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 251
weedy roadsides, on high ridges and hillslopes, at the edges of
old coffee plantations in fertile soil with rocks, and on steep
slopes with Quercus, Pinus, Liquidambar, Podocarpus, and Magnolia.
In South Africa it has been found in mountainous areas with many
springs and streams, some wooded and some grassy areas, basically
dolomites and Limestone covered with deep humus in many places.
They describe it as 0.8--l m. tall, the stems quadrangular and
ribbed, the uppermost parts and calyx-tips purple, and the leaves
medium-green. Scora refers to the species as abundant on exposed
lava on Quaternary continental deposits in Veracruz, Mexico; Bris-
tol says that it is common in waste places in Putumayo, Colombia;
and Rufz-Teran & Lépez-Figueiras found it "en paties y jardines"
in Mérida, Venezuela. Chindoy B. asserts that it is medicinal in
Colombia.
Additional vernacular names recorded for V. litoralis are
"mountain verbina", "verbena de montana", and "vervenushe". The
corollas are described as having been tyioletl in color on Quarin,
Mroginski, & Gonz4lez 396 and Proctor 25098, "blue-violet" on
Contreras 8783, "lilac" on Breteler 3056 an and Contreras 6152,
"blue" on Chindoy B. 42, Contreras 2635 | & 521, Dodson & & Thien
1810, Hinton & al. “12156, and Rodin . 3917, bluish" on hh" on Krapovickas,
Se) ee ey at
Sousa & Diego 1471, "moradas claras" on Ruiz-Teran . & Lépez-
Figueiras is 1903, pink" on Gentle 681, "pinkish" on . Gentle 7119,
"white to pink" on Cooley 11255, and "blue in spring" on Pfeifer
aol. while on Bristol 115h they are described as "corolla-tube
light-purple, limb white" and on Tucker 1308 "throat pale-laven-
der or white, lobes lavender". Beadle feadle and his associates (1972)
describe the * corollas as "blue-purple". These authors describe
the species as having the spikes short and dense, the peduncles
naked for some distance below the flowers or bearing very reduced
leaves, the corolla-limb 2--5 m. in diameter, the tube about )
mm. long, the calyx about 3 mm. long. They say that the plant is
"Hispid with simple hairs becoming almost glabrous in the older
parts", the leaves "elliptic to lanceolate in outline, dentate or
lobed."
Oertel (1939) lists this species as a honey plant and a pollen-
yielding plant in Louisiana. Paxton (180) states that it was in-
troduced into cultivation in England in 1832. Gibert (1873) re-
duces V. brasiliensis Vell. and V. littoralis var. pycnostachya
Schau. to synonymy under what he calls V. littoralis Kunth, but
seems incorrect. Verbena brasiliensis is quite distinct, aiedeH
admittedly closely related to V. litoralis, and Schauer" s trinom-
ial is synonymous with it.
Altschul (1973) cites Hinton 3731 from Mexico, Steinbach 5137
from Bolivia, and Hinckley & Hi: & Hinckley 6) 6 from Per and reports the
statements of these well-known collectors that the juice of macer-
ated plants of V, litoralis is taken against malaria and that the
plant is also employed as a purgative, in the treatment of contu-
sions, against fevers, and as a "general remedy" for coughs.
252 Pee EO HONG irk Vol. 28, no. 3
The Santa Cruz 1936, distributed as V. litoralis, is actually
Vv. bonariensis L., E. L. Johnson 6310 is s V. hayekii ‘Moldenkas
Breedlove 955 is ve ", litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke, lindane
& Haas 3692 is V. minutiflora Briq., and Rambo 19723 is V. monte-
— Spreng. The Schultes & Reko 237, cited bel below, is a @ mix-
ture with V. carolina L.
Additional citations: FLORIDA: County undetermined: Cc. D. Byrd
sen. [South Florida, 29 July 1969] (Ft). MEXICO: Chiapas: “Mone i
2817 (Ws, Ws). tienoacsn: Hinton & al. 12156 (Tu--213h7). “Oaxa-
ca: Pringle 877 (Pd); Schultes & Reko _ 237, in part (Oa). Puebla:
Marcks & Marcks 79), (Ws). Veracruz: Scora 2451 (W--2635))82) ;
Sousa & : Diego 1h7 (Ba). GUATEMALA: El Petén: Contreras 2635 (Ld),
6152, (Ld), 8783 (L (Ld, Ld). El Quiché: Contreras 521 (Ld, “Id);
Proctor 25098 ( (Ld, Ld). BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle e 6481 (Ld), 719
(aan HONDURAS: Department undetermined: Pfeifer anus, [Mount
Uyuca] (W). EL SALVADOR: Santa Ana: Tucker 1308 (Ba). NICARAGUA:
Matagalpa: F.C. Seymour 050 (Vt); Zelaya M. r. 232 (Mi, Ws).
COLOMBIA: Putumayo: Bristol ol 1154 (Oa, 0a); Chindoy B. le (Oa).
VENEZUELA: Mérida: Breteler 3056 (Ws); Ruiz-Teran —Teran 5988 - (N); Ruiz-
Teran & Lépez-Palacios 1903 (Ny), 6617 (N). ECUADOR: T Tunguragua:
Dodson | & Thien 1810 (Ld, |, Ws). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Harley,
& Onishi 28721 (Ny. ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas, as, Oristébal,
Arbo, Maruflak, Maruflak, & Irigoyen 1663) (Ws); varia, Mroginski,
& Gonzdlez 39. 396 ( Ld); Rutz Huidobro L275 (B1--10],300 > 4710 (B1-- (Bl—-
104299). SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Rodin 3917 ae * HAWATIAN Is-
LANDS: Hawaii: Rubtzoff 2615 (W--262777). Maui: Cooley 11255
(Ws). Oahu: Moldenke & Moldenke 23105 (Ac); Nuttall s.n. ~Tphoto
BM.3129] (Gz—photo).
VERBENA LITORALIS var. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Hinton & Rzedowski, Journ. Arnold
Arb. 53: 167. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 369. 1972.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in clearings
beside houses, on slopes with Quercus, and as weedy plants in
streets, Siaeatine in March and both flowering and fruiting in
August. Breedlove encountered it at 5200 feet altitude. The
corollas are described as "white" on all the specimens cited.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 958 (Ws).
HONDURAS: Distrito Central: Pfeifer 2012 (W). PERU: Loreto:
Martin & Lau-Cam 1261 (0a).
VERBENA LITORALIS var. CARACASANA (H.B.K.) Briq
Additional bibliography: Schau., Linnaea 20: “[h76]« 1847; Mol-
denke, Phytologia 23: 293--295, 371, & 19. 1972.
VERBENA LITORALIS var. CONGESTA Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Excerpt. Bot. A.
18: 445. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 295. 1972.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 253
VERBENA LOBATA Vell.
Additional & emended bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 15.
1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 839, 80,
& xix, map 139). 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 295-296. 1972.
Hatschbach has found this plant growing in the capoeira assoc-—
jation. The corollas on Hatschbach 2532) are described as having
been "lilac" in color when fresh, while those on 30676 were "vio-
let".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 2532) (N),
30676 (Ld). eae ere Se 2o
VERBENA LOBATA var. HIRSUTA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 296. 1972.
Hatschbach describes this plant as an herb and found it grow-
ing in wet soil in clearings in a forest. The corollas on
Hatschbach 28517 are said to have been "lilac" in color when
fresh.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 28517 (Ld, N).
VERBENA LONGIFOLIA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 296. 1972.
Contreras describes this plant as an herb with white flowers
and found it growing "in a village", flowering in July.
Additional citations: GUATEMALA: El Quiché: Contreras 5247
(Ld).
VERBENA MACDOUGALII Heller
Additional bibliography: D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wet-
land Pl. SW. U. S. 1397 & 1399—1)00. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog.
Titles 7 (10): xvi. 1972; Fong & al., Lloydia 35: 147. 1972;
Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 369 & 436 (1972) and 2h: 139. 1972; Halse,
Fl. Camyon de Chelly 147 & 148 [thesis]. 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls.
U. S. 6 (3): Sh4—5Sh6 & 783, pl. 196. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia
28: 203. 197h.
Moir encountered this species "in steppe openings dominated by
Festuca arizonica in Pseudotsuga menziesii forest zone" in New
Mexico, while Lehto and his associates found it in a "mountain
meadow in ponderosa pine zone". My wife, son, and myself have
seen it abundant along roadsides and in clearings in ponderosa
pine forests, often producing a spectacularly beautiful display.
The Corrells (1972) give its distribution as "On flats at high
elev., in wet mt. meadows and valleys, w. Tex. (Culberson Co.),
N. M. (widespread in mts.) and Ariz. (Apache, Navajo, Coconino,
Greenlee, Yavapai and Pima cos.), June--Oct., also s. Wyo. and
cent. Ut."" They refer to it as the "New Mexican Vervain".
The corollas on E. Meyer 60), are said to have been "purple" in
color when fresh. Halse (1973) cites Halse 4ye & 64 from the
Canyon de Chelly. The P. A. Wilson 622, distributed as V. mac-
dougalii, is actually f. albiflora Moldenke, as is also the plate
196 in Rickett's work (1973).
Additional citations: COLORADO: Conejos Co.: W. A. Weber 7865a
25h PHYTO LDO GIA Vol. 28, no. 3
(B1l--73325); Weber & Salamun 12913 (B1--199535). NEW MEXICO:
Colfax Co.: L. C. Higgins 576 (N). Lincoln Co.: Moir 66-21 (Bl—
211259); Wooton & Standley 3197 (B1l--90189), 3651 (B1—90199) .
Santa Fe Co.: Gillett & Mosquin 1226 (Bl--211571). ARIZONA:
Apache Co.: Lehto, McGill, Nash, & Pinkava 11506 (N); Moldenke &
Moldenke 27849 (Ac, Gz, Ld). Coconino Co.: Holmgren & Holmgren
691 (W--26]8521); E. Meyer 60 (Ba); H. H. Rusby 780 (N).
VERBENA MACDOUGALII f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 298. 1972;
Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): (ShSJ, pl. 196. 1973.
Illustrations: Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): [55], pl. 196
(in color). 1973.
Material of this form has been distributed in some herbaria
as typical V. macdougalii Heller. The illustration on plate 196
of Rickett's work (1973) is labeled and described as the typical
form of the species, but the picture shows white corollas, so
seems to represent f. albiflora instead.
Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Santa Fe Co.: P. A. Wilson
622 (N). =
VERBENA MACRODONTA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 19h1; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 298. 1972.
VERBENA MACROSPERMA Speg.
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 54 (2): 747 (1934) and 59 (2): 417. 1939; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 23: 298. 1972.
VERBENA MARITIMA Small
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-—
ber. 60 (2): 573. 191; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
a & a a Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 293--299 (1972) and 28:
250. 1974.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the normal pollen fertility in this
species is 85 percent. The two photographs in the Bailey Hortor-
ium herbarium, cited below, are of specimens deposited in the Brit-
ton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden.
There is an as yet unnamed artificial hybrid between V. marit-
ima and V. canadensis (L.) Britton for which see under the reverse
cross in this series of notes.
Additional citations: FLORIDA: Brevard Co.: Curtiss 5706 (Ba--
photo). Dade Co.: Small & Small 522 (Ba—photo). Saint Lucie
Co.: MacDaniels s.n. [April 2h, 1936] (Ba).
VERBENA MARRUBIOIDES Cham.
Additional bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145. 1970; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 23: 299. 1972.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: S80 Paulo: Sellow s.n. [Bras. merid
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 255
Macbride photos 1729] (Ba--isotype).
VERBENA MEGAPOTAMICA Spreng.
Additional synonymy: Verbena phlogiflora var. alfa Troncoso,
Darwiniana 16: [613], in syn. 1971.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 87—89. 1968; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145. 1970; Anon., Biol.
Abstr. 54 (5): Be Ae Se I. Cw S106. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia
23: 299--301, 372, 373, 419, & 431 (1972) and 24: 39 & 140. 1972;
"S. K. Jo", Biol. Abstr. 5: 2319. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) states that the normal pollen fertility in this
species is 99 percent.
The Sellow collection cited below appears to be the type col-
thee both of V. megapotamica Spreng. and of V. phlogiflora var.
+ Cham.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Sellow 13
[Macbride photos 1738, in part] (Ba—isotype).
VERBENA MEGAPOTAMICA Spreng. x V. PULCHELLA Sweet
Synonymy: Glandularia megapotamica x G. pulchella Solbrig in
Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
This unnamed hybrid was apparently produced artificially by
Solbrig and his associates in Massachusetts. Until authentic
herbarium voucher specimens of the parental species can be exam-
ined it seems pointless to propose a binomial designation for it.
The name, V. pulchella, is interpreted differently by South Amer—
ican workers and I am not at all sure that this species is really
involved in this cross. In any case, such a hybrid might occur
in nature where the ranges of the two parental species overlap
and may be represented now in herbaria as some of the perplexing
intermediate specimens about whose identity there has been such
difference of opinion. Vouchers of the artificially produced hy-
brids most certainly should be made available for study.
VERBENA MENDOCINA R. A. Phil.
Additional & emended bibliography: Schnack & Covas, Darwiniana
7: [71], 72, 7h, & 75, pl. 1 B. 1945; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 301
(1972) and 24: 238. 1972.
VERBENA MENTHAEFOLIA Benth.
Additional bibliography: Higgins, Occas. Pap. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist. 8: 121. 1949; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp.
Ariz. Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed.
1, 328, fig. 263-B. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 369—370 & 37h
(1972); 2h: hO & 126 (1972), and 28: 212. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. l,
fig. 263-B. 1969.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing along roadsides
and in grazed meadows with an abundance of sedge species including
Cyperus fendlerianus, C. rusbyi, C. spectabilis, C. manimae, and
256 1D del yg YU (0) ou) (0) (e; ab JN Vol. 265 noces
others, growing in shallow loamy soils in open oak-pine forests.
The Marcks comment that their collection, cited below, has the
"spikes panicled at apex". Higgins (199) asserts that the spe-
cies is common around San Diego, California, from Point Loma to
San Ysidro and Sweetwater Valley, citing his nos. 6783, 11518,
17067, & 21049. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) found it on the pedregal
in the Valley of Mexico.
The corollas on H. E. Moore 1625 are said to have been "light-
blue" in color when f fresh, while those on no. 309) were "lavender".
Material of V. menthaefolia has been misidentified and dis-
tributed in some herbaria as V. gracilis Desf.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Marcks & Marcks 12hh
(Ws). Hidalgo: H. E. Moore 1625 (Ba), 3094 (Ba). México: ~ Pringle
853 (Pd). Michoacdn: Hinton & al. 11991 (Tu--98813) .
VERBENA MICROPHYLLA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Schau., Linnaea 20: 477. 187; R. C.
Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 171. 1958; Anon., Biol. Abstr. Sh
(7): B. A, S. I. C. S.280. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 218, 238,
& 23. 1972.
The photograph in the L. H. Bailey Hortorium herbarium, cited
below, is of sheet 1190005 in the United States National Herbariun
in Washington.
The Vervoorst 3197, distributed as V. microphylla, is actually
V. parodii (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke, while Soejarto & Hernandez
1339 is Hierobotana inflata (H.B.K.) Briq.
~~ Additional citations: PERU: Cuzco: Herrera Sone {Cuzco, July
1923] (Ba--photo). Province undetermined: MacLean Sone (Pd) .
BOLIVIA: La Paz: Rea C. 39 (W--26357),8) .
VERBENA MINUTIFLORA Briq.
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeog.
S. Paulo, ed. 1, 840 & xix, map 1395. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia
252 3106 LOTe.
The Angely (1971) reference in the bibliography above was previ-
ously erroneously cited by me as "1970", the title-page date, but
the work was not actually published until 1971.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in moist places,
"brejo" associations, roadsides on campos, and pastures near arti-
ficial lakes, describing it as a shrub 1--1.7 m. tall. Hatschbach
refers to it as "common", In addition to the months previously re-
ported by me, it has been collected in anthesis in April, September,
and November. The corollas are described as having been "lilac" in
color when fresh on Hatschbach 2209, 25327, 25739, 27062, & 3070
and "purple" on Lindeman & Haas 3692.
Material of V. minutiflora has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria as V. sagittalis Chan.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 2209 (N),
25327 (N), 25739 (Ld), 27062 (Ld), 30740 (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul:
197, Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 257
Lindeman & Haas 3692 (N).
XVERBENA MOECHINA Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Verbena simplex x stricta Ahles ex Mohlen-
brock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 257. 197h.
Additional bibliography: Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. l,
678. 1932; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; Eilers, Univ. Iowa
Stud. Nat. Hist. 21: 61 & 123. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains,
pr. 2, 2: 678. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 370 & 437 (1972)
and 28: 109. 197k; Mohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 286, 287,
& 389. 197).
Eilers (1971) records this hybrid as rare on sandy alluvial
flats in Blackhawk and Johnson Counties, Iowa. He cites from the
former county two collections by Shimek and from the latter Adams
son. and Thorne 17398, all deposited in the herbarium of the Uni-
versity of Iowa. Braun found the plant growing on limestone-
gravelly prairies, flowering and fruiting in July. Her collection,
cited below, is a mixture with typical V. simplex Lem, Mohlen-
brock & Voigt (197) record the hybrid from Hardin County, Illinois.
Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Stony Island: E. L. Braun s.n.
[VII-22-12] (W—2712369). “7 ee ae an
VERBENA MONACENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 371. 1972.
Sivarajan asserts that this plant is cultivated at Calicut,
Kerala, India, in shade of "deep-blue to white, all shades avail-
able", My wife and I have seen it in cultivation in private
gardens and public parks in Delhi, India, and in various places
in Ceylon.
Additional citations: CULTIVATED: India: Sivarajan 1583 (2).
VERBENA MONTEVIDENSIS Spreng.
Additional bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 15. 1970; Moldenke,
Phytologia 23: 371—372 (1972), 25: 2h (1973), and 28: 110. 197h.
Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 1—3 m. tall,
almost leafless, and have encountered it in the "brejo" association
and in the interior of woodlands, fruiting (in addition to the
months previously recorded by me} in October. The corollas are
said to have been "violet" in color when fresh on Hatschbach 286)
and Pire & Mroginski 152, but "purple (5 P 5/8)" on Lindeman &
Haas 3010.
The Hatschbach 2)209 and Lindeman & Haas 3692, distributed as
V. montevidensis, are actually V. minutiflora Briq.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 286) (Ld);
Lindeman & Haas 3010 (N). Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 49723 (Bl—
6481). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Quarin & Schinini 1088 (Ld). Misi-
ones: Pire & Mroginski 152 (Ld).
VERBENA MORICOLOR Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
258 PHY PO LO GA Vol. 28, now
87—89. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 372--373 & 27 (1972) and
2h: 36 & 38. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the normal pollen fertility in
this species is 97 percent.
VERBENA MORICOLOR Moldenke x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton
Synonymy: Glandularia moricolor x peruviana Solbrig in Heywood,
Mod, Meth. Pl. Tax. 87. 1968.
Bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87 & 89.
1968 5 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 917 & 970. 1971; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 23: 372—373 (1972) and 2h: 38. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the hybrid of V. moricolor with V.
peruviana has a pollen fertility of 81 percent, while the reverse
cross of V. peruviana with V. moricolor has a pollen fertility of
only 56 percent. These hybrids are as yet without binomial desig-
nation and had best remain so until herbarium vouchers confirm
the actual parentage. They may yet be found wild in South America
where the ranges of the parental species overlap. It is to be
hoped that authentic herbarium vouchers and photographs of the
artificially produced hybrids will soon be available for study and
for comparison with the many perplexing "intermediate" herbarium
specimens now deposited in various herbaria.
VERBENA NANA Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeo-
gr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 840 & xix, map 1395. 1971; Moldenke, Phyto-
Vogiae237 373. 1972.
VERBENA NEOMEXICANA (A. Gray) Small
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp.
Ariz. Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; Mahler, Keys Vasc. Pl. Black Gap,
ed. 3, 70. 1971; Moldenke, Phy tologia 23: 373-376 (1972) and 2h:
45 & Sh. 1972.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on Acacia flats,
while Moran states that it is "locally common on open upper slopes"
in Baja California. In addition to the months previously reported
by me in this series of notes, it has been collected in fruit in
May. The corollas are said to have been "light-blue, paler in the
center" on Moran 17658.
The Johnson & Webster 566, distributed as V. neomexicana, is ac-
tually V. canescens H.BeKe, | Taylor & Taylor 6230 is V. halei Small,
Wooton & & Standley 3651 is V. macdougalii Heller, Goodding ng 90-50 PEA
Perry, Lehto, Hensel, . & Pinkava 11033 are V. neomexicana var. ar. xylo-
poda Perry, ana A. Ruth 1289 is V. plicata Greene.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: Moran 17658 (Ld).
Chihuahua: Weber & Charette 11660 (Bl1—176213).
VERBENA NEOMEXICANA var. HIRTELLA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 259
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Mahler, Keys Vasc. Pl. Black Gap, ed. 3,
70. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 374—375 (1972) and 2h: 257.
1972
Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Matuda 38515 (Ac), 38516
(Ac), 3852) (Ac).
VERBENA NEOMEXICANA var. XYLOPODA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191.1; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp.
Ariz. Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 374--376
(1972) and 2h: 45 & 257. 1972.
Recent collectors have encountered this plant on overgrazed
land, on rocky outcrops with Fouquieria on hillsides, and in lime-
stone soil in Larrea-mesquite communities. The Moran 17658, dis-
tributed as this variety, is actually typical V. neomexicana (A.
Gray) Small. ih nee
Additional citations: TEXAS: Presidio Co.: L. C. Higgins 5070
(N). ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Goodding 90-50 (B1l--10309). Pinal
Co.: Lehto, Hensel, & Pinkava 11033 (N); Neff s.n. [Oracle, 27-V-
73] (Rm). Santa Cruz Co.: Neff s.n. [Gardner Canyon, 2-VI-1973]
(Rm); Pringle s.n, [Santa Rita Mtns., May 11, 188] (Mi).
VERBENA OFFICINALIS L.
Emended synonymy: Verbenaca recta Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil.
591. 1542. Verbenaca recta sive mas Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil.
592. 1542. Verbena offinalis Cham. ex Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 839, sphalm. 1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil.
591—593. 1542; Chomel, Abrég. Hist. Pl. Usuel., ed. 2, vol. 1—3.
1761; Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 3. 1797; S. Dickensen in S. Shaw,
Hist. & Antiq. Stafford. 1: 97-115. 1798; Desf., Tabl. ficol. Bot.,
ed. 1, 55. 180); Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 635. 1809; Desf.,
Tabl. Ecol. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 1 & 2, 2:
97 (1821) and 2: 743. 1824; J. Torr., Compend. Fl. 238. 1826;
Bischoff, Grundr. Med. Bot. 18 & 305. 1831; W. Baxt., Brit. Phae-
nog. Bot., ed. 2, 1: pl. 26. 1834; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. l,
328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Meddygon Myddfai, Phys. Myed.
[transl. Pughe & Ithel.]. 1861; Hook. f., Stud. Fl. Brit. Isls.,
ed. 1, 296 & 503. 1870; Scotti, Fl. Med. Prov. Como. 1872; Gibert,
Enum. Pl. Montevid. 43. 1873; Hook. f., Stud. Fl. Brit. Isls., ed.
2, 311—312 & 538. 1878; H. MUll., Nature 2h: 307 & 308. 1881; H.
Mull. [transl. D'A. Thompson], Fertiliz. Fls. 469. 1883; Hook. f.,
Stud, Fl. Brit. Isls., ed. 3, 313 & 562. 188); Le Grand, Fl. Anal.
Berry 72 & 212, 1887; J. L. Bennett, Fl. Rhode Isl. 30. 1888; Mar-
cellus Enpiricus [ed. Helmreich], Marcel. Medic. 1889; Dymock,
Warden, & Hooper, Pharm. Ind., vol. 1--3. 1890--1893; Gentil, In-
vent. Gén. Pl. Vasc. Sarthe 202. 1892--159l; C. Bicknell, Fl. Bord.
& San Remo 218. 1896; Hildegard, Phys. Heil. Hild. 1896--1897;
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 257. 1898; J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-
Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 286. 1900; Baerecke, Anal. Key Ferns & Flow.
260 P WY TsO LOG Eek Vol. 265 mole
Pl. Atl. Sect. Middl. Fla. 11h. 1906; B. Fedtsch. inO. A. & B.A.
Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 121--122. 1913; Beals, Flow.
Lore & Leg. 165--171. 1917; Schnarf, OUsterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 72:
2h2--2))5. 1923; Mentz & Ostenfeld, Billed. Nord. Fl. : 50--51,
fig. h. 192); Clute, Am. Botanist 33: 112. 1927; Bouloumoy, Fl.
Liban & Syr. Atl. pl. 320, fig. 3. 1930; Grieve & Leyel, Modern
Herb., pr. 1, 2: 830--831. 1931; Kubota & Okanishi, Fol. Pharm.
Sin. 1931; M. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 1, 231--232.
1931; Krt#usel in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 643 [35]. 1932;
Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1, 677 & 967. 1932; Wangerin in
Just, Bot. Jahresber. 54 (1): 1171 [367]. 1932; Fedde in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 382. 1933; Freise, Bol. Agric. SHo Paulo
3h: 252--h9). 1933; Ishidoya, Chin. Drog., vol. i--3. 1933--1937;
Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 55 (1): 334. 1935; Gathorne-
Hardy, Wild Fls. Brit. 22 & 120. 1938; Karzell in Just, Bot. Jah-
resber. 59 (1): 198 [4]. 1938; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber.
58 (1): 845 [275]. 1938; A. H. Evans, Fl. Cambridg. 129. 1939;
Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 58 (25: 668. 1939; Kanjilal, Das,
Kanijalal, & De, Fl. Assam 3: 62 & 561. 1939; R. E. Clarkson,
Green Enchantment 269 & 328. 1940; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot.
Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 1940; Biswas, Indian Forest Rec., ser. 2,
Bot. 3: 2. 1941; Herndndez, Hist. Pl. Nuev. Espafi. 19)2--19)6;
M. G. Palmer, Faun. & Fl. Ilfracombe Dist. 212. 196; Harz, Enun.
Sperm. Jap., pr. 1, 1: 190. 198; Kroeber, Neuzeit. Kr&uterb.,
vol. 2-3. 199; E. G. Lépez, Recurs. Med. Biol. 262. 199; Parsa,
Fl. Iran. (13: 537--538, fig. 253. 199; Batalla & Masclans,
Collect. Bot. 2: 394. 1950; Chou, Pen-ts'ao Yung Fa Yen Chiu [Res.
Use Herbs]. 1951; Kariyone & Kimura, Wa-ken-Yaku-yp Shokubutsu
[Jap. & Chin. Herb. Med.]. 1952; Pételot, Pl. Méd. Camb. Laos &
Vietn. [Arch. Réch. Agr. & Pastor. Viét-Nam. 1h, 18, 22, & 23],
vol. 1--. 1952--1954; Bolés & Masclians, Collect. Bot. h: 432.
1955; Ikuse, Pollen Grains Jap. 128. 1956; R. C. Foster, Contrib.
Gray Herb, 18): 171. 1958; Manfred, Siete Mil Recet. Bot. 1958;
Bullock, Taxon 8: 20). 1959; Brenan in Jaeger, Wonderf. Life Fls.
12). 1961; Fournier, Quat. Fl. France 806 & 807, fig. 3352. 1961;
Irwin & Wills, Roadside Fls. Tex. 190. 1961; Nair & Rehman, Bull.
Nat, Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3—5, text fig. 3. 1962; Erdtman,
Berglund, & Praglowski, Introd. Scand. Pollen Fl. 2: 9 & 89.
1963; Fourcroy, Atlas Recon. Dir. Pl. Comn., ed. 2, pl. 158 [inf.].
1963; Malik, Rehman, & Ahmad, Palist. Journ. Sci. Industr. Res.
7: 13h & 136, pl. kh, fig. 31. 196); Perring, Sell, & Walters, Fl.
Cambridg. 179. 196); Httni, Hiltebrand, Schmid, Grtger, Johne, &
Mothes, Experimentia 22: 656. 1966; Grieve & Leyel, Modern Herb.,
pr. 3, 2: 830--831. 1967; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc.
Beng. 22: 210. 1968; Gunawardena, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Zeyl. 147. 1968;
Vigo, Collect. Bot. 7: 1180. 1968; Misra, Bull. Bot. Surv. India
11: 327. 1969; N. P. Singh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India ll: 16 & 357.
1969; M. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 2, 231—232. 1969;
Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 3: 111. 1970; Saxena, Bull. Bot.
Surv. India 12: 56. 1970; Willaman & Li, Lloydia 33, Suppl. 3a:
220. 1970; Abbayes, Claustres, Corillion, & Dupont, Fl. & Veg.
197 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 261
Massif Armoric. 1: 662. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S.
Paulo, ed. 1, : 825, 839, & xix. 1971; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 3, 2:
97 & 743. 1971; Ferrarini, Giorn. Bot. Ital. 105: 259. 1971; Hart-
well, Lloydia 3h: 387. 1971; Hultén, Atlas Vaxt. Utbred. Nord.
379, map 1474. 1971; Inouye in Wagner & HtUrnhammer, Pharmacog. &
Phytochem. 291 & 298. 1971; Khattab & El-Hadidi, Publ. Cairo Univ.
Herb. 4: 93. 1971; Lousley, Fl. Isls. Scilly 230. i971; Menghini,
Giorn. Bot. Ital. 105: 333. 1971; Polunin, Pflanz. Europ. 277, 513,
& 539. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677 & 967.
1971; Sipple, Bartonia 1: 35. 1971; Tammaro, Giorn. Bot. Ital.
105: 77. 1971; Abba, Inform. Bot. Ital. : 39. 1972; Amaral Franco
in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 3: 123. 1972; Beadle, Evans, Carolin, &
Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2, 507. 1972; R. E. Clarkson, Golden
Age Herbs 269 & 328. 1972; R. E. Clarkson, Herbs & Sav. Seeds 212.
1972; Edees, Fl. Staffordsh. 133. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zander,
Handwtrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520 & 51. 1972; Farnsworth,
Pharmacog. Titles 7 (l): xxv & 222 (1972), 7 (10): xvi (1972), and
8 (9): xidi & 635. 1972; Fong & al., Lloydia 35: 17. 1972;
Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., pr. 2, 1: 190. 1972; Huang, Pollen Fl.
Taiwan 2), pl. 163, fig. 6& 7. 1972; Inouye & al., Chem. Pharm.
Bull. 20: 1287-1296. 1972; Kunkel, Cuad. Bot. Canar. 16: 38.
1972; Kunkel, Monog. Biol. Canar. 3: 62. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon In-
dex Vol. 1-20, part 1: 379. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali,
Fl. West Pakist. 608. 1972; Trease & Evans, Pharmacog., ed. 10,
564. 1972; Tutin in Tutin & al., Fl. mur. 3: 369. 1972; Urbschat,
Mitteil. Arbeitsgemeinsch. Florist. Schlesw.-Holst. 20: 135 & 250,
map 2372. 1972; Whipple, Journ. Elish. Mitch. Sci. Soc. 88: 7.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 217, 219, 229--231, 21, & 2h8
(1972) and 25: 231--235 & 2. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (10):
Poke oe 1. C. S.270 (1973) and 56 (3): Bs A. Sz Te Ce S.280. 1973;
Anon., Hort. Bot. Univ. Monaster. Ind. Sem. 1972/1973: 709. 1973;
Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 6, Cum. Gen. Ind. [121] (1973) and
8 (6): x & h79. 1973; Fenarol, Webbia 28: 356 & 10. 1973; Frohne
& Jensen, System. Pflanzenr. 203 & 261. 1973; Jacobsen, Kirkia 9
(1): 172. 1973; L. P. Mill., Phytochem. 1: 329, 362, 393, & 10.
1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 1246. 1973; Rimpler & Schafer,
Tetrahed. Let. 17: 1463--1)6). 1973; Takematsu, Konnai, & Take-
uchi, Bull, Coll. Agr. Utsun. Univ. 8 (3): 164. 1973; Moldenke,
Phytologia 28: 211, 216, & 220. 197h.
Additional & emended illustrations: Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil.
593 (in color). 1542; W. Baxt., Brit. Phaenog. Bot., ed. 2, 1: pl.
26 (in color). 183; Mentz & Ostenfeld, Billed. Nord. Fl. fis 51,
fig. h. 192); Parsa, Fl. Iran (1): 538, fig. 253. 1949; Fournier,
Quat. Fl. France 807, fig. 3352. 1961; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat.
Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3, text fig. 3. 1962; Fourcroy, Atlas Recon.
Dir. Pl. Comm., ed. 2, pl. 158 [inf.]. 1963; Malik, Rehman, & Ah-
mad, Pakist. Journ. Sci. Indust. Res. 7: 13h, pl. h, fig. 31. 196k;
Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan pl. 163, fig. 6 & 7. 1972.
It is of interest to note the disagreement of authors about the
longevity of this plant. Raeuschel (1797) and Datta & Majumdar
(1966), for instance, categorically classify it as an annual. Pat-
262 P Hee LO GTA Vol. 28, no. 3
zat & Rechinger (1967), on the other hand, describe it definitely
as a perennial. Probably it varies depending on local climate
and other ecologic conditions. Abedin 2735: is actually described
on its label as a "shrub".
The corollas are described as "violet" in color by LeGrand
(1887), "lavender-rose" on Koelz 1326, "bright-lavender" on Fos-
berg 37559, "lavender" on Fosberg 372k) 72h) & 38169, "rose-purple" on
Fosberg rg 3837h, "purple" on Faroogi & Qa & Qaiser 2769, 2797, & 3421,
Rosberg 38613, and Qureshi 263, "blue" on Brydolf s.n. [24/5/1972],
Sex Sie SS ee,
on ea 2735 & 7522, "bluish-white" on a Galeer & & aiaicer 167h,
"pink" on Abedin 7740 and Qaiser 259, "light pinkish-purple" on
Qaiser & Ghafoor 1,892, and | "pinkish-white" on Qaiser & Ghafoor
1851.
Huang (1972) describes the pollen of V. officinalis as having
"Grains 3 (--l,)-colporate; suboblate to oblate-spheroidal; 26-33
x 29--38 Ps amb subangular; colpi 23--2) x 3 UW; exine 2U thick;
tectum psilate; sexine finely reticulate, with OL-pattern; nexine
as thick as sexine." This description is based on material taken
from Sasaki s.n. [Taipei, July 1921] and Huang 2126. He provides
illustrations. Brenan (1961) informs us that the period when a-
bundant pollen is shed is from 7--11:30 a.m.; small quantities of
pollen are still present until 2 p.m. Ltve (1971) reports the
chromosome count as: 2n = 1), based on Murin & Sheikh s.n. from a
canal bank at Kadhimiya, Iraq. i
The supposed hybrid of V. officinalis with Veronica maritima
L., described and illustrated by Haartman in 1751 and later tenta- .
tively named xVeronicena haartmani by me, is probably nothing more
than a specimen of what Linnaeus named Veronica spuria in 1753,
byt a search ought to be instituted for any specimens so named a-
mong Linnean material in Sweden or England.
Parsa (1949) cites Darlington 1726, Lindsay 1026, Stapf s.n.,
and numerous of his own collections fram Iraq. Iraq. Dellirs & Gillet
(1956) record the species from the Niger Republic; Rainha found
it growing in wet ground in Portugal. Beadle and his associates
(1972) describe it as "widespread" in the Sydney, Australia,
region, the corollas there "pink to lilac" in color. Urbschat
(1972) records it from Schleswig-Holstein, but comments that it
has not been found there anymore in recent years. Similarly, in
Stafforshire, England, Edees (1972) reports that it is found in
"Waste places about villages.....rare now, formerly 'unfrequent'",
Kunkel (1972) found it on Lanzarote island in the Canaries. Polu-
nin (1971) gives its general distribution as "Schutt, Wegr&nder,
Ufer. Juni-Oktober. Ganz Europa (ausser IS. [Iceland]): einge-
btrgert IRL. N. SF [Ireland, Norway, Finland]" — interestingly
he here seems to regard it as native in Sweden, while in his 1969
work he regards it as introduced there (as in Norway) . Also, he
here says "all of Europe", while in 1969 he said "Much of Europe".
Lousley (1971) records it from Saint Mary's and Tresco islands
1974 hioldenke, Notes on Verbena 263
in the Scilly Islands group and cites Millett 1852, commenting
that it is "rare on roadsides and waste places" there. Ferrarini
(1971) found it on Palmaria Island in cultivated land and in areas
of abandoned cultivation.
Jacobsen (1973) says that in Rhodesia it is occasional "In
grassland and scrub, escape from earlier cultivation?" The Col-
lector undetermined. s.n. specimen, cited below as having been cul-
tivated in India, is said to have been grown there from seed se-
cured in Nepal. *Kanjilal and his associates (1939) record it
from an altitude of 5000 feet in the Khasa Hills of Assam, where,
they say, it flowers in the rainy season and fruits in the cold
season, In an apparent reference to xV., hybrida Voss, they comment
that "Many Verbenas are beautiful garden plants". Fenaroli (1973)
describes its habitat as "Geoel. eurasico. Gramineti e incolti"
and cites collections by Béguinot (1902), Fenaroli (1959), Gussone
(1823), and Rabenhorst (1847).
From India, Saxena (1970) reports it "Rare in open places" in
Madhya Pradesh, citing Indorkar 1116, while Singh (1969) found it
to be "Frequent, along the sides of sugarcane and paddy fields"
and "Near water", citing Bot. Surv. India 1960, 25510, eins,
31337, & 31639. Datta & Majumdar (1966) found it in waste te places
in Bengal, flowering from March to June. Misra (1969) found it
growing "In waste places, sides of walls". In Bihar the Banerjees
(1969) encountered it in open land, including roadsides and waste
places. Deb and his associates (1968 ) describe it as an "Erect
herb with violet flowers, occurring in open situations, citing Deb
329 and Sengupta 1271, 1275, & 1278. a
~~ Bicknell (1896) reports rts it as very abundant in grassy places in
western Liguria, flowering there throughout the summer. Koelz
found it on the borders of fields in Afghanistan. Vigo (1968) says
that it grows in the "Loto-juncetum acutiflori" association, while
Bolés & Masclans (1955) found it to be part of the "Paspal o-Agros—
tidion" association in Spain. Grieve (1967) gives its general dis-
tribution as "Europe, Barbary, China, Cochin-China, Japan". Raeus-
chel (1797) accredits the synonymous on spuria to "Canada",
Fosberg found V. officinalis "common along paths on broken cul-
tivated land with rough limestone outcrops, rock piles, and stone
walls" on Taketomi island in the Ryukyus. On other islands of the
same archipelago he found it to be common on roadsides in cultiva-
ted land, at the edges of cultivated fields near the edge of a nar-
row mangrove belt, occasional on weedy roadsides and waste places,
and in cultivated ground in general. Perring, Sell, & Walters
(196) describe it as occasional throughout the county of Cambridge-
shire, England, on roadsides and in grassy and waste places; also in
Wales, Ireland, and Fife in Scotland. They assert that it was first
reported from Cambridgeshire by Ray in 1660, Evans (1939) asserts
that in Cambridgeshire it occurs "on dry roadsides and waste ground
on all soils, even in peat districts, newer common".
Drar (1970) cites his nos. 1667, 2032, & 239) from the Sudan,
while Khattab & El-Hadidi (1971) ¢c ete th aie no. no. 334 from Yemen and
26h P HY eteC L0G Ak Vol. 285 noses
nos. 45 & 1515 from Hedjaz, Arabia. The Sudan specimens were
collected along roadsides and in a wadi, while the Dedjaz ones
came from sandy canal banks. Tammaro (1971) records the plant
from Palmaria Island in the Gulf of Spezia islands of Italy. Lépez
(1949) cites his nos. 1702 & 1703 from eastern Guinea, where he
found the species to be very common "Vive en los taludes, caminos,
escombros; planta ruderal. Sube a los 1.500 m.s.m." He gives
its overall distribution as "Europa, africa del Norte, Asia Cen-
tral y Septentrional y adem4s difundida por casi toda la super-
ficie terrestre; su limite septentrional en Europa pasa por las
Islas Britdnicas (Northumberiand), Dinamarca, Schonen, Kowno; en
Africa tiene su lfmite meridional en las Islas de Cabo Verde y
Abisinia; adem4s de Africa del Sur, en la India, Australia, Nueva
Zelanda, Polinesia, Indias Occidentales, América del Norte’ y del
Suet
and Steudner 130), from Eritrea, SuartineDLen SMe, Rohlfs oa
Steker s.n., and and Schimper 7& 28h from Ethiopia, Scott-Slliot
7800 from Kenya, Révoil s.n. from Somalia, Cienkowsky s.n. from
Sudan, and two Gtirke records from Nesee He gives s the spe-
cies! * distribution as "Spread through the north temperate zone in
the Old World, and extending to South Africa; introduced into Ameri-
ca." Stewart (1972) says that in Pakistan it is "A common weed
throughout our range, sometimes ascending to c. 8000'. Baluch.,
N. Wazir., NWFP, Pb., Haz., Lower Swat, Kashmir, etc." Takematsu
and his associates (1973) tell us that in Japan the plant is known
as "kumatuzura" and that it is a "weed" in the U. S. 5S. R.
Paxton (180) calls both V. officinalis and V. spuria "worth-
less" from the horticultural s standpoint. Additional common names
(in addition to the very numerous ones previously recorded by me)
are "ayauhxochitl", "berberina", "chichiantic", "erba croce",
"herba verbena", "kumatsuzura", "laenge-jernurt", "ma pien ts'ao",
"seona-se-seholo", "verbena oficinal", "vervaine officinale",
"wild verbena", and "yaena". The "Procumbent Vervain” of Torrey
(1843) probably refers to V. officinalis var. prostrata Gren. &
Godr.
In regard to the chemical and pharmaceutical properties of V.
officinalis much has recently been published. Trease & Evans _
(1972) say "Verbena officinalis, the Herba Verbenae of many phar-
macopoeias. This plant contains a hormone-like substance, verben-
alin, with strong parasympathetic action." Miller (1973) notes
"verbenalin (XVIII), the glucoside of verbenalol, occurs in all
parts of Verbena officinalis L.; the inflorescences are especially
rich in the glucoside". Bischoff (1831) notes that "Die Blatter
(Herba Verbenae) sind geruchlos, von einem schwachen, herben und
bitterlichen Geschmackem sie waren frtther als ein Art Universal-
mittel gegen eine Menge von Krankheiten im Ruse und man schrien
ihnen wunderbare Kru#fte zu. Jetzt sind sie htchstens noch zuweilen
als ausserliches, erweichendes Volksmittel im Gebrauche."
[to be continued]
NEW SPECIES OF PARMELIA (LICHENS) FROM TROPICAL AMERICA 1.
Mason E. Hale, dr.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
Parmelia boquetensis Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus corticola, adnatus ad ramos, 8-12 cm latus, cinereo-
albidus, lobis subirregularibus, margine lobulascentibus, 3-4 mm
latis, isidiis sorediisque destitutis; cortex superior 13-16u
crassus, stratum gonidiale 16-18u crassum, medulla alba, 100py
crassa, cortex inferior 14 crassus; subtus niger, sparse vel modice
rhizinosus, rhizinis sparse dichotome ramosis. Apothecia numerosa,
adnata, 2-3 mm diametro, disco imperferato, hymenio 45-50u alto,
sporis 8, simplicibus, 6 X 12u (Fig. 1).
Chemistry: Atranorin and salazinic acid.
Holotype: Panama. Scrub trees in dry pasture near Boquete,
Chiriquf, elev. about 1500 m, M.E. Hale 38878, 1 April 1973 (US).
Additional specimens examined. Panama. 3 km south of Volcan,
Chiriqui, Hale 38811, 38831, 38902 (US); Boquete, Chiriqui, Hale
38848 (US).
This species at first glance resembles P. sublaevigata (Ny1.)
Nyl., which contains norstictic acid in addition to salazinic acid
and has crowded shorter lobes and often a dull pruinose surface.
This and all following species belong to subgenus Parmelia section
Hypotrachyna.
Parmelia contradicta Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus saxicola, laxe adnatus, coriaceus, cinereo-albus,
6-8 cm latus, lobis linearibus, 1-2 mm latis, dichotome ramosis,
isidiis sorediisque destitutis; superne planus, nitidus; cortex
superior 18-20u crassus, stratum gonidiale 22-28 crassum, medulla
alba, 130-150u crassa, cortex inferior 14-18u crassus; subtus niger,
Sparse rhizinosus, rhizinis sparse dichotome ramosis. Apothecia
numerosa, adnata, 2-4 diametro, disco imperforato, hymenio 40-45y
265
266 Pon LiOrr) 0G A Vol. 28, nos 3
alto, sporis 8, simplicibus, 4 X 6 (Fig. 2).
Chemistry: Atranorin and protocetraric acid.
Holotype: Brazil. Serra dos Orgdos National Park, Terezopolis,
Rio de Janeiro, W. Watson 521, 5 September 1950 (BM; US, isotype).
Additional specimen examined. Brazil. Lajes, Morro do Pinheiro
Seco, Santa Catarina, Reitz & Klein 15719a (US).
This species is closely related to P. brasiliana Nyl., another
much more common saxicolous species in southeastern Brazil. It differs
chiefly in having atranorin instead of lichexanthone in the cortex.
Parmelia eitenii Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus saxicola, laxe adnatus, rumpens, ca. 6 cm latus,
cinereo-albidus, lobis linearibus, elongatis, 2-3 mm latis, dichotome
ramosis, isidiis sorediisque destitutis; cortex superior 18-22u
crassus, Stratum gonidiale 20-24u crassum, medulla alba, 80-100u
crassa, cortex inferior 14-l6u crassus; subtus nigricans, sparse
vel modice rhizinosus, rhizinis longis, dichotome ramosis. Apothecia
adnata, 3-4 mm diametro, disco imperforato, hymenio 45-50Qu alto,
sporis 8; simplicibus, 5 X 7-8u (Fig. 3).
Chemistry: Atranorin, lichexanthone, and anziaic acid.
Holotype: Brazil. Serra dos Orgaos National Park, Rio de
Janeiro, G. & L. Eiten 7125, 22 April 1966 (US).
This species is also part of the P. brasiliana complex so
richly developed in Brazil. It differs principally in the unusual
chemical constituents, anziaic acid instead of protocetraric. P.
eitenii also seems to be more fragile than P. brasiliana.
Parmelia osorioi Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus saxicola, fragilis, ca. 8 cm diametro, cinereo- vel
pallide castaneo-albidus, lobis sublinearibus, 1.5-2 mm latis,
crasse isidiatis, isidiis simplicibus vel ramosis, fere pustulatis;
cortex superior 14-l6u crassus, stratum gonidiale 12-14u crassum,
medulla alba, 65-75u crassa, cortex inferior 16-18u crassus; subtus
niger, modice rhizinosus, rhizinis dichotome ramosis. Apothecia
ignota (Fig. 4).
Chemistry: Atranorin and gyrophoric acid.
Holotype: Uruguay. On stones in forest, Abra de Cotto, Lavalleja,
H.S. Osorio 6507, 12 October 1969 (MVM; isotype in US).
197) Hale, New species of Parmelia 267
Additional specimen examined. Uruguay. Santa Teresa, Rocha,
Hosseus 48 (H).
' P. osorioi has very unusual isidia, simple to nearly coralloid
and very large and more or less breaking down apically. It is
known only from Uruguay and has no close relatives.
Parmelia protoboliviana Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus corticola, adnatus, fragilis, ca. 8 cm diametro, pallide
cinereo-flavicans, lobis sublinearibus, 4-5 mm latis, isidiis sorediisque
destitutis; superne planus, nitidus; cortex superior 14-l6u crassus,
stratum gonidiale 16-20u crassum, medulla alba, 85-100u crassa,
cortex inferior 14u crassus; subtus niger, dense rhizinosus, rhizinis
dichotome ramosis. Apothecia male evoluta, adnata, 1 mm diametro,
sporis non evolutis (Fig. 5).
Chemistry: Usnic acid, barbatic acid, obtusatic acid, norob-
tusatic acid, and 4-0-demethylbarbatic acid.
Holotype: Costa Rica, Volcan Irazu, Cartago, D. Flenniken
1874 (US).
Additional specimen examined. Costa Rica, Same locality as
the holotype, Flenniken 2358, 10 July 1969 (US).
All species previously known that contain the barbatic acid
complex (cf. C. F. Culberson and M. E. Hale, Brittonia 25:162-173.
1973) have colorless atronorin in the cortex. This species produces
usnic acid, giving the plants a distinct yellow-green color. Other-
wise it is closely related to the broad lobed corticolous population
of P. physcioides Nyl. (=P. boliviana Nyl.).
Parmelia singularis Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus corticola, subcoriaceus, ca. 8 cm diametro, cinereo-albus,
lobis subirregularibus vel sublinearibus, 3-5 mm latis, margine
lobulatis, lobulis usque ad 1 mm longis, angustis; superne planus,
nitidus, isidiis sorediisque destitutus; cortex superior 18u crassus,
stratum gonidiale 12-15u crassum, medulla alba, 40-45u crassa, cortex
inferior 18u crassus; subtus niger, dense rhizinosus, rhizinis dense
dichotome ramosis. Apothecia numerosa, adnata, ad 5 mm diametro,
disco imperferato, hymenio 45-50u alto, sporis 8, simplicibus, 6 X
10-12u (Fig. 6).
Chemistry: Atranorin and an unidentified fatty acid.
Holotype: Peru. Cerros Calla Calla, 18 km above Leimebamba,
Chachapoyas, Amazonas, elev. 3100 m, P.C. Hutchinson and J.K. Wright
5704, 16 June 1964 (US; isotype in UC).
268 PURE Y*?T0 "LO Geka Vol. 28, nos 3
The thallus is rather stiff and coriaceous for so small a
species. It is probably not related to the common P. costaricensis
Nyl. which also contains fatty acids but is isidiate.
Parmelia steyermarkii Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus corticola, arcte adnatus supra muscos, fragilis,
cinereo-albus, 6-8 cm latus, lobis angustis, sublinearibus, 1-1.5
mm latis, isidiatis, isidiis simplicibus, procumbentibus et pro
parte dorsiventrale complanatis, ciliatis; cortex superior 11-1]2u
crassus, stratum gonidiale 14-1l6u crassum, medulla alba, 55-65y
crassa, cortex inferior 12-14u crassus; subtus niger, modice
rhizinosus, rhizinis dichotome ramosis. Apothecia ignota (Fig. 7).
Chemistry: Atranorin, barbatic acid, obtusatic acid,
norobtusatic acid (trace), and 4-0-demethylbarbatic acid (trace).
Holotype: Venezuela. Sierra Parima, 45 km NE las Cabeceras
aan Orinoco, Amazonas, J. Steyermark 106123, 18-23 May 1972
US).
This is the only isidiate species in the P. physcioides group
which has ciliate and consistently dorsiventral isidia at maturity.
The other two species, P. dentella Hale & Kurok. and P. imbricatula
Zahlbr., are much larger and have normal cylindrical isidia.
Parmelia subphysodalica Hale, sp. nov.
Thallus ramulicola, fragilis, arcte adnatus, 6-7 cm latus,
obscure viridi-flavicans, lobis sublinearibus, 1-2 mm latis, Superne
planus, nitidus, modice isidiatus, isidiis simplicibus, cylindricis,
Ca. 0.3 mm altis, sparse ciliatis; cortex superior 10-12u crassus,
stratum gonidiale 14-1l6u crassum, medulla alba, 60-80u crassa,
cortex inferior 12-14u crassus; subtus niger, modice rhizinosus, rhizini
dichotome ramosis. Apothecia ignota (Fig. 8).
Chemistry: Atranorin (trace), usnic acid, and physodalic acid.
Holotype: Chile. Puerto Ballena, Chiloe, H.A. Imshaug 43121A,
19 September 1969 (MSC; isotype in US).
Physodalic acid is known in only one other species of the
section,, P. physodalica Hale, a nonisidiate paramo species in Colombia,
which is probably not closely related.
197) Hale, New species of Pamelia 269
This work was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Research
Foundation. Photography was by the Smithsonian Photographic Laboratory.
All chemical determinations were made with thin-layer chromatography
in the standard three solvent systems (hexane-ether-formic acid,
benzene-dioxane-acetic acid, and toluene-acetic acid).
Explanation of figures (scale in mm): 1. P. boquetensis
(holotype, US); 2 contradicta (isotype, US); 3. P. eitenii
(holotype, US); 4 . osorioi (isotype, US); 5. P. protoboliviana
(holotype, US); 6 singularis (holotype, US); 7. P. steyermarkii
(holotype, US); 8 subphysodalica (holotype, US).
[9] 0|9|-0
Vol. 25, no,ea
PHY TOLOG DA
270
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271
Hale, New species of Parmelia
1974
*. e .
UCT
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXIII.
ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS MIKANIA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
Recent efforts in the genus Mikania have revealed
the following four undescribed species.
Mikania standleyi R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae scandentes vel suffrutescentes pauce vel multo
ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes striati dense scabridi
interdum fistulosi. Folia opposita breviter petiolata,
petiolis plerumque 1.0-1.5 cm longis; lamina ovata 3.5-
7.0 cm longa 2-4 cm lata base rotundata margine integra
ad apicem obtusa supra et subtus sparsim scabrida,
nervis pinnatis, paribus secondariis prominentibus dup-
licibus in quarta inferiore valde ascendentibus.
Inflorescentiae pyramidaliter paniculatae, ramis pani-
culatis retrorse scabridis. Capitula sessilia plerum-
que biniter vel tripliciter disposita ca. 9 mm alta.
Squamae subinvolucri oblongae ca. 2.5 mm longae
abaxialiter glabrae. Squamae involucri anguste oblong-
ae ca. 5 mm longae et 1.0-1.2 mm latae obtusae extus
sparsim puberulae. Corollae albae? 4.0-4.5 mm longae
extus minute puberulae et pauce glanduliferae, tubis
distinctis ca. 1.5 mm longis, limbis anguste campanu-
Latis vel cylindricis, lobis ca. 0.5 mm longis ca. 0.4
mm latis, cellulis quadratis vel breviter oblongis,
25-35, lLatis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.3 mm longae,
appendicibus late oblongis, ca. 200, longis et lLatis;
styli inferne nodulosi glabri, appendicibus breviter
papillosis. Achaenia 5-costata 4.0-4.5 mm longa pauce
breviter setifera et glandulifera. Setae pappi ca. 40
plerumque uniseriatae ad apicem vix incrassatae. Grana
pollinis ca. 23, diam.
Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose: near Finca La Cima,
above Los Lotes, North of El Copey, altitude 2100-
2400 meters, December 21-22, 1925, Paul C. Standley
42814 (Holotype US!). Paratype COSTA RICA: Cartago:
vicinity of Millsville, Pan-American Highway, about
3 km above Nivel, 3000-3300 meters, July 22 1949, Holm
Stas, S06 CUS).
The new species seems very closely related to M.
steubelii Hieron. of northern South America but the
272
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Mikania 273
latter has generally shorter petioles and at least
remotely subserrulate leaf margins, the stems and
leaves lack the short stout scabrae and the hairs of
the corolla are more concentrated toward the tips of
the Lobes.
Mikania steyermarkii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
nov. Plantae scandentes grosse herbaceae sparsim
ramosae. Caules ful-virides teretes vel subhexagoni
striati minute puberuli saepe fistulosi. Folia
opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis 0.5-2.5 cm longis;
lamina ovata vel lanceolata 6-10 cm longa 1.5-6.0 cm
lata base rotundata vel subcuneata margine integra vel
obscure subserrulata ad apicem anguste acuminata multo
glandulo-punctata aliter subglabra prope basin valde
trinervata, nervis secondariis prominentibus submargin-
alibus longe ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae in ramis
corymbosis congestis dispositae. Capitula ca. 1 cm
alta plerumque tripliciter disposita sessilia. Squamae
subinvolucri prominentes anguste ellipticae 4-5 mm
longae glandulo-punctatae et sparsim puberulae.
Squamae involucri anguste oblongae 6-7 mm longae ca.
1.2 mm latae ad apicem obtusae extus glandulo-punctatae
et aliquantum puberulae. Corollae albae ca. 4.5 mm
longae, tubis aliquatum distinctis ca. 2.5 mm longis,
limbis anguste campanulatis, Lobis brevibus ca. 13
longioribus quam lLatioribus extus glanduliferis,
cellulis breviter oblongis 20-30, lLatis; thecae anther-
arum ca, 2 mm longae, appendicibus Longe triangularibus
450-500, longis ca. 230%, lLatis; styli inferne glabri,
appendicibus breviter papillosis. Acheania 5-costata
3.5-4.0 mm longa multo glandulifera pauce pilifera.
Setae pappi ca. 40 plerumque uniseriatae ad apicem
leniter incrassatae. Grana pollinis 18p diam.
Type: VENEZUELA: Miranda: Distrito Brion: Entre
Chuspa y Aricagua, 5.5 km oeste de Aricagua, 50 metros,
Ll Marzo 1973, Steyermark & Espinosa 106893 (Holotype
vels fas same Locality, Styermark & Espinosa
S95 (US?).
The species is rather distinct in the strong pair
of secondary leaf veins running near the margins. The
species has corymbose branches in the inflorescence
and short corolla Lobes similar to M. parviflora(Aubl. )
Karst. but lacks the long papillae of the style. The
species seems closer to M. gleasonii B.L.Robinson of
British Guiana but the Latter has Larger purple
corollas and a rather unique form of pappus with extra
27h Poa XT Oo O'Gr-s Vol, 28, no. 3
smaller setae disposed in a distinct inner series.
The new species has the major veins distinctly and
narrowly raised on the upper surface but much more
prominent below.
Mikania tillettii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae scandentes -grosse herbaceae sparsim ramosae.
Caules rubescentes teretes vel subhexagoni striati
glabri vel minute puberuli saepe anguste fistulosi.
Folia opposita aliquantum anguste petiolata, petiolis
1.0-2.5 cm longis; lamina ovata usque ad 12 cm longa
et 7 cm lata base rotundata vel subcuneata margine
integra ad apicem breviter anguste acuminata multo
minute glandulo-punctata aliter glabra prope basin
valde subpinnate 3-5-nervata, nervis tertiariis
obscuris. Inflorescentiae in ramis corymbosis lLaxis
dispositae, pedicellis 1-4 mm longis minute puberulLis.
Capitula ca. 1 cm alta. Squamae subinvolucri anguste
oblongae ca. 2 mm longae glabrae. Squamae involucri
anguste oblongae ca. 5 mm longae ca. 1.2-1.5 mm Latae
ad apicem plerumque rotundatae extus glandulo-punctatae
sparsim puberulae. Corollae albae vel rubescens? ca.
5.5 mm Longae anguste infundibulares extus pauce gland-
uliferae, tubis indistinctis angustis, lobis ca. 1 mm
longis 0.4 mm latis, cellulis oblongis 20-30, latis,
parietibus sinuosis; thecae antherarum ca. 1 mm longae,
appendicibus longe triangularibus 400-4504 longis ca.
180p Latis; styli inferni glabri, appendicibus breviter
papillosis. Achaenia 5-costata 3.5-4.0 mm longa gland-
ulifera. Setae pappi ca. 40 plerumque uniseriatae ad
apicem leniter incrassatae. Grana pollinis ca. 23y
diam.
Type: BRITISH GUIANA: upper Mazaruni River Basin:
Mt. Ayanganna, mixed evergreen forest on and below
talus from cliffs along NE side; evevation 750-900 m.,
August 18, 1960, Tillett, Tillett & Boyan 45894 (Holo-
type US!).
The species has most of the characters of Mikania
gleasonii and M. steyermarkii with the more pedicellate
heads of the former and the mostly uniseriate pappus
of the latter. The species differs from M. gleasonii
by the presence of a distinct subinvolucral bract and
the bract is much more prominent than in M. steyer-
markii.
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Mikania 275
Mikania tysonii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae decumbentes vel scandentes saepe epiphyticae
Ppauce vel multo ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes vel
leniter hexagoni interdum anguste fistulosi. Folia
opposita anguste petiolata, petiolis 0.5-1.5 cm lLongis;
lamina elliptica vel obovata usque ad 8 cm longa et
3.5 cm lata base breviter cuneata margine integra ad
apicem anguste rotundata vel breviter acuminata
interdum.rubre multo glandulo-punctata aliter glabra
in sicca minute rugosa, nervis secondariis binis dup-
licibus parallelis subbasilaribus ascendentibus.
Inflorescentiae irregulariter corymboso-paniculatae,
pedicellis 1.5-6.0 mm longis mm longis sparse puberulis.
Capitula ca. 5 mm alta. Squamae subinvolucri anguste
oblongae ca. 1.5 mm Longae. Squamae involucri oblongae
ca. 3.5 mm longae ca. 1 mm Latae ad apicem rotundatae
extus sparse puberulae et plerumque rubro-glanduloso-
punctatae. Corollae albae ca. 4.5 mm longae extus
glanduliferae, tubis brevibus indistinctis, lLobis duplo
longioribus quam lLatioribus; thecae antherarum ca. 1 mm
longae, appendicibus late oblongo-ovatis 200-300,
longis ca. 150, latis; styli inferne glabri, appendici-
bus breviter papillosis. Achaenia 4-5 costata 2-3 mm
longa multo glandulifera interdum puberula. Setae
pappi ca. 50 plerumque uniseriatae ad apicem distincte
incrassatae. Grana pollinis ca. 22 diam.
Type: PANAMA: Panama: top Cerro Jefe, 3000 ft.
July 9, 1966, Tyson, Dwyer, & Blum 4429 (Holotype US!
Isotype MO!). "Paratypes: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Old
Bank Island, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel
2041 (MO); Cocle: La Mesa, 5 miles N of EL Valle,
2500 ft, Tyson et al 2445 (US); Panama: Cerro Jefe,
2900 ft, Dwyer & Gauger 7378 (MO).
The species occurs in a series of localities in
central and western Panama. The plants are rather
small with mostly elliptical leaves. The inflorescence
is of an intermediate corymbose-paniculate shape that
cannot be easily placed in any of the general group-
ings of the genus. A close relative might be M. lucida
Blake of Venezeula which has a smaller thinner anther
appendage.
Mikania zonensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae scandentes grosse herbaceae sparsim ramosae.
Caules sensim subnigrescentes teretes striati subglabri
anguste fistulosi. Folia opposita anguste petiolata,
276 PoneY TO 7L OrGer 6: Vol. 28, no. 3
petiolis usque ad 4 cm longis; Lamina elliptica-ovata
usque ad 21 cm longa 8 cm Lata base rotundata vel
breviter cuneata non acuminata margine integra ad
apicem anguste caudate acuminata supra et subtus sub-
glabra, nervis subtus vix prominentibus sparsim
puberulis, paribus secondariis distinctis prope basem
paucis valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae in ramis
corymbosis congestis dispositae. Capitula ca. 8-9 mm
alta tripliciter disposita sessilia. Squamae subinvol-
ucri perminutae ca. 1 mm longae. Squamae involucri
anguste oblongae ca. 5 mm lLongae ca. 1.5 mm lLatae ad
apicem rotundatae extus striatae sparsim glandulo-
punctatae et superne puberulae. Corollae albae, ca. 5
mm longae extus glandulo-punctatae, tubis subdistinctis
ca. 2 mm longis, lLimbis anguste infundibularibus extus
glandulo-punctatis, lobis equilateraliter trianguLlar-
ibus extus puberulis, cellulis quadratis vel breviter
oblongis 20-30, Latis; thecae antherarum ca. 1.5 mm
longae, appendicibus longe triangularibus ca. 400 y
longis ca. 240, Latis; styli inferne distincte sparsim
papillosi, appendicibus longe papillosis. Achaenia
5-costata ca. 3.5 mm longa sensim valde corticata.
Setae pappi ca. 60 plerumque uniseriatae ad apicem non
vel leniter incrassatae. Grana pollinis ca. 18, diam.
Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone: Albrook; U. S. Army
Tropic Test Center Site, April 1965, Dwyer & Robyns
115 (Holotype MO! Isotype US!).
The species is closely related to M. guaco with
the same form of style and achene. The species differs
in the leaf which is more elliptical, less decurrent
and more glabrous.
Acknowledgement
F This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 to the senior author.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Kikania 277
PLANTS OF COSTA RICA
Mikania standleyi R.M.King & H.Robinson.
278
N
2080716
ONAL HERBAT
M
PeH Yor Orb, O,G) GA
Mikania
steyermarkii R.M.King &
Vol . 26s moans
MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA Y CRIA
HERBARIO NACIONAL DE VENEZUELA
FLORA DE VENEZUELA
No. 106°9%3
“ikani 5
imbine high on Piper {106RG2); Flowers
dull white leaves abcoriaceousa, deep green
above, dull green helow
Entre Chusnpa ¥ Aricagua 5 km. oeste de
aricarun
ESTADO
Altura:
Nom. Herb
Julian A. Steyermark
H.Robinson.
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Mikania 279
Mikania tillettii R.M.King & H.Robinson.
280 Ply 1 02L O.G7ieA Vol. 28, no. 3
ST CENTER
nai Zone
NCE:
l.
639829 Det
No Date
ETC Label 100]
3 Feb 66 (Test)
Mikania tysonii R.M.King & H.Robinson.
197) King & Robinson, Additions to Mikania 281
PLANTS OF PANAMA
Mikania zonensis R.M.King & H.Robinson
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXIV.
A NEW GENUS, EITENIA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
The relatives of Chromolaena DC. and Praxelis
Cassini acheive their greatest diversity in Brazil
where a number of distinctive genera have been recog-
nized for many years including Lomatozoma Baker in
Martius, Eupatoriopsis Hieron., and Praxeliopsis _
Barroso. Some of the most diverse elements seem
rather isolated in the interior of Brazil and a recent
collection from Goids showing additional unique
features is described here as a new genus and species,
The new genus resembles Praxelis and Eupatoriopsis
in habit and has the same type of flattened carpopodium
on the achene opening on the inner side. The receptacle
is conical as in Praxelis and not as cylindrical as
Eupatoriopsis. The achene is unlike Praxelis and more
ike Eupatoriopsis in being totally flattened with only
two marginal ribs and in having only about eight pappus
setae. The pappus setae are unlike Eupatoriopsis in
being Long and the pappus and the unequally Lobed
corolla are two characters more suggestive of Praxel-
Lopsis presently known only from Matto Grosso. The
[Latter genus is utterly distinct in achene form and
in the insertion of the almost sessile anthers near
the bases of the corolla lobes. In addition to its
unique combination of characters, the new genus differs
from all its relatives by the rows of setae on the
inner surface of the corolla limb along the veins.
None of the existing genera of the group can be reason-
ably extended to include this distinctive species.
Eitenia praxeloides R.M.King & H.Robinson, nov.
gen. et sp. Asteracearum (Eupatorieae). Plantae
herbaceae perennes erectae usque ad 35 cm altae base
ramosae., Caules teretes striati hirsuti. Folia
Opposita breviter petiolata, petiolis 1-4 mm longis;
lamina ovata 1-3 cm longa base truncata vel subcuneata
margine pauce serrata inferne lLobata ad apicem acuta
supra sparsim hirsuta subtus sparsim longe hirsuta et
plurimum glandulo-punctata. Inflorescentiae perlaxe
subcymosag pedicellis usque ad 7 cm longis remote
hirsutis vel glabris. Capitula 6-7 mm alta; flores
ca. 40-50; squamae involucri ca. 35 subimbricatae
282
1974 King & Robinson, A new genus, Eitenia 283
3-4-seriatae 1.5-5.0 mm longae 1.0 mm latae lanceolatae
anguste acuminatae extus glabrae omnino deciduae;
receptacula alte conica glabra. Corollae anguste
infundibulares ca. 3.5 mm Longae, lobis 5 ovatis
inaequilongis 0.5-1.0 mm extus pauce glandulifera et
setifera intus valde papillosa extus margine breviter
papillosa, Limbis intus prope nervis hirsutis, cellulis
elongatis extus in partibus superioribus minute uni-
papillosis, parietibus plerumque sinuosis; filamenta
in parte superiore ca. 200, longa inferne inflata,
cellulis quadratis vel Latioribus, parietibus valde
transverse vel verticaliter vel oblique annulatis;
cellulae exotheciales subquadratae vel breviores,
appendicibus anguste ovatis ca. 1504 longis 75-1004
latis; styli inferne non nodulosi glabri, appendicibus
linearibus dense longe papillosis. Achaenia ca. 3 mm
longa anguste obovata complanata solum margine costata
dense longe setifera aliter perpauce setifera vel
glabra; carpopodia brevia complanata Lata superna
latiora, foraminibus in superficiis interioribus; setae
pappi ca. 8 valde discretae 2.5-3.0 mm longae teretes
scabridae superne vix angustiores, cellulis apicalibus
argute acutis. Grana pollinis ca. 18, diam. breviter
spinosa.
Type: BRAZIL: Goias: Municipio de Paraiso do Norte
de Goids: north side of city of Paraiso do Norte de
Goids. (300 m west of Belem-Brasilia highway & 250 m
N of brook limiting present north edge of city.)
10° 10* S. 48° 53! W. Alt. 390 m 29 December 1969,
Eiten & Eiten 10094 (Holotype US!).
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
28), PHY TOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 3
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Eitenia praxeloides R.M.King & H.Robinson.
197 King & Robinson, A new genus, Eitenia 285
Eitenia praxeliodes R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Enlargements o eads.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXV.
ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS, BARTLETTINA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
Recent efforts on floristic and cytological studies
have required a critical review of the rather chaotic
species concepts in the Largely Mexican and Central
American genus Bartlettina. Among the numerous species
some revisions have been required including the reduct-
ion of B. ruae(Standley) K. & R. to the synonymy of
B. pansamalensis(B.L.Robinson) K. & R. and the recog-
nition of the following three new species. Duplicates
of Breedlove collections of two of the following species
may be filed in other herbaria under the name Eupatorium
aschenbornianum Schauer. The latter name actually
applies to a distinctive Mexican and Central American
species of Ageratina.
Bartlettina breedlovei R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp.
nov. Plantae erectae frutéscentes usque ad 3.5 m
altae. Caules teretes leniter striati rufo-hirtelLLli
interdum fistulosi. Folia opposita, petiolis usque ad
3.5 cm longis angustis; laminae ovatae usque ad 7 cm
longae et 5 cm latae base subtruncatae vel breviter
cuneata vix breviter acuminatae margine argute multi-
serratae apice breviter acuminatae vel longe acutae
supra sparsim breviter pilosae subtus distincte multo
glandulo-punctatae, nervis subtus dense puberulis,
nervis secondariis inferne aliquantum congestis sub-
trinervatis. Inflorescentiae subcongestae late
pyramidaliter paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, pedicellis
3-8 mm lLongis dense hirtellis. Capitula 7-8 mm alta;
squamae involucri 20-25 subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae
extus dense puberulae exteriores anguste Lanceolatae
vel oblongo-Llanceolatae 2-3 mm longae acutae interiores
anguste oblongae 5-6 mm Longae apice breviter vel
longe acutae anguste scariosae dense minute fimbriatae;
receptacula glabra. Flores ca. 30-40. Corollae pur-
pureae ca. 3.5-4.5 mm longae anguste infundibulares,
tubis indistinctis, lobis 5 equilateraliter trangular-
1bus extus setiferis et glanduliferis; filamenta
antherarum in parte superiore angusta 0.5-0.6 mm Longa;
thecae 1.2-1.5 mm longae, appendicibus late oblongis
ca. 150p longis et 200, latis; appendices stylorum
286
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to Bartlettina 287
lineares dense breviter papillosae. Achaenia ca. 2 mm
longa glabra; carpopodia brevia; setae pappi ca. 35
plerumque 4-5 mm lLongae ad apicem non dilatatae. Grana
pollinis ca. 20y diam. micropapillosae.
Type: MEXICO: Chiapas: San Cristobal las Casas to
Tene japa. Chamula paraje of Las Ollas. Municipio of
San Cristobal las Casas. Elevation 8300 ft. 19 Feb.
1965, Breedlove 9075 (Holotype US! Isotype DS!).
Paratype GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Sierra de los
Cuchumatanes. Cloud forest 4 mi E of San Mateo Ixtatan
on road to Barillas. Municipio of San Mateo Ixtatan.
= ali 8500 ft., February 7, 1965, Breedlove 8717
DS? ).
The species is related to a group that includes
locally B. hylobia(B.L.Robinson) K. & R., B. oresbioides
(B.L.Robinson) K. & R. and B. guatemalensis K. & R. n.
sp. below. These species all have the rather short
anther appendages and the narrower rather oblong
involucral bracts in a few series. The present species
is distinct in the more pyramidal inflorescence, in
the more acute tip of the involucral bracts and in the
firmer more pubescent more promimently serrate leaves.
Bartlettina guatemalensis R.M.King & H.Robinson,
sp. nov. Plantae erectae frutescentes usque ad 3.5 m
altae. Caules teretes leniter striati minute puberuli
non fistulosi. Folia opposita Longe petiolata, petio-
lis usque ad 7 cm longis angustis; laminae ovato-
rhomboideae usque ad 12 cm lLongae et 8 cm latae base
late cuneatae et breviter acuminatae margine multo
crenato-serratae apice breviter apiculatae supra
sparsim puberulae subtus glandulo-punctatae, nervis
subtus sparsim puberulis, nervis secondariis inferne
aliquantum congestis subtrinervatis. Inflorescentiae
subcongestae late corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis
3-8 mm Llongis minute puberulis. Capitula 7-8 mm alta;
squamae involucri ca. 15-18 subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae
extus distincte minute puberulae exteriores oblongo-
lanceolatae vel anguste ellipticae 2-3 mm longae
anguste obtusae interiores anguste oblongae ca. 5 mm
longae apice obtusae vel breviter acutae scariosae
minute fimbriatae; receptacula glabra. Flores ca. 20.
Corollae lavendulae ca. 4 mm longae anguste infundib-
ulares, tubis indistinctis, lLobis 5 equilateraliter
triangularibus extus multo setiferis et glanduliferis;
filamenta antherarum in parte superne angusta ca. 0.5 mm
288 Pon Yt O LOG i A Vol. 28; nocee
longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longae, appendicibus late
oblongis ca. 150, lLongis et 200, latis; appendices
stylorum lineares dense breviter papillosae. Achaenia
1.8-2.0 mm longa glabra; carpopodia prominentia; setae
Pappi ca. 40 plerumque 3.0-3.5 mm longae ad apicem
non dilatatae. Grana pollinis ca. 20, diam. micro-
papillosae.
Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche: Nebaj. 8600 ft., Nov.
17, 1934, Skutch 1700 (Holotype US!). Paratype:
GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes:
Cloud forest 4 miles E of San Mateo Ixtatan on road to
Barillas. Municipio of San Mateo Ixtatan. Elevation
8500 ft., February 7, 1965, Breedlove 8718 (DS!).
The species is closest to B. oresbioides also of
Guatemala. The latter differs by its more closely and
sharply serrate leaves. The also closely related B.
hylobia of adjacent Chiapas has leaf serrations that
are more remote but formed of very narrow sharply pro-
jecting teeth. Further collections may show that B.
oresbioides is not distinct from B. hylobia.
Bartlettina matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae frutescentes usque ad 2 m ? altae.
Caules teretes in sicco corrugati dense hirsuti. Folia
Opposita, petiolis usque ad 9 cm longis; laminae latae
ovatae ad 23 cm longae et 18 cm latae base Late rotun-
datae et distincte abrupte acuminatae margine breviter
late denticulatae apice breviter acutae supra sparsim
breviter pilosae subtus plerumque in nervis sparsim
hirtellae non glandulo-punctatae, nervis secondariis
inferne aliquantum congestis; paribus tres vel quatuor
subtrinervatis. Inflorescentiae subcongestae Late
corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis 1-5 mm longis
hirtellis. Capitula 7-8 mm alta; squamae involucri
ca. 18-20 subimbricatae 3-4-seriatae extus distincte
puberulae lLanceolatae vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatae
2-5 mm longae anguste acutae vix scariosae; receptacula
glabra. Flores ca. 30-40. Corollae lLavendulae? ca.
4.5 mm longae anguste infundibulares, tubis indistinctis,
lobis 5 equilateraliter triangularibus vel Latioribus
extus setiferis et pauce glanduliferis; filamenta
antherarum in parte superiore angusta 0.5-0.6 mm longa;
thecae 1.2-1.4 mm Longae, appendicibus oblongo-ovatis
300-350, longis 175-200» latis; appendices stylorum
lineares dense breviter papillosae. Achaenia 1.2-1.4
mm longa subglabra superne pauce setifera; carpopodia
brevia; setae pappi ca. 30 plerumque 3-4 mm lLongae
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Bartlettina 289
ad apicem non dilatatae. Grana pollinis ca. 20y diam.
micropapillosae.
Type: MEXICO: Veracruz: Acultzinco, May 1, 1937,
Matuda 1137 (Holotype US!).
The species is apparently most closely related to
B. sordida which occurs in the same general area. The
New species is most distinct in the lesser number of
flowers and involucral bracts, in the bracts being
generally broader and less pubescent and in the leaf
blades having a distinct acumination at the attachment
to the petiole.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
290 Pl Y170)L. 01Gb A Vol, 28, moees
Bartlettina breedlovei R.M.King & H.Robinson.
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Bartlettina 291
Bartlettina guatemalensis R.M.King & H.Robinson.
292 PH YT "0 LO Gi A Vol, 28, no. 3
bo Matuds
Bartlettina matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson.
Enlargements of heads of Bartlettina. Upper left,
B. guatemalensis. Upper right, B. breedlovei. Bottom,
B. matudae,
STUDIES IN THE SENECIONEAE (ASTERACEAE). VI.
THE GENUS ARNOGLOSSUM.
Harold Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
A previous paper of this series (Robinson & Brettell, 1973)
surveyed many of the "Cacalioid" genera of North America and
Asia and recognized the eastern North American genus Mesadenia
Raf. as distinct. Unfortunately, at that time the existence of
an older generic name was overlooked. Arnoglossum, also named
by Rafinesque at a much earlier date (1817), has a complete
generic description and a description of the single included
species, A. plantagineum Raf., in the original publication.
Rafinesque was the first to revive this ancient name, though
admittedly in a different sense from the original. Rafinesque's
use of the name is in no way invalidated by S.F.Gray's subse-
quent use of the name in its more ancient sense for members of
the Plantaginaceae. The latter use provides only one compli-
cation in preoccupying the combination A. lanceolatum.
The number of species recognized in the genus varies with
different authors. Vuilleumier (1969) discusses the group in
some detail and mentions only the following seven species. The
necessary new combinations are provided here.
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Cacalia
abriplicifoldia dies op. Pl. 835. 1753.
Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torr. & Gray) H.Robinson, comb. nov.
Cacalia diversifolia Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.Am. 2: 435. 1843.
Arnoglossum floridanum (Gray) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Cacalia
floridana Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 52. 1883.
Arnoglossum muehlenbergii (Sch.Bip.) H.Robinson, comb. nov.
enecio muehlenbergii Sch.Bip., Flora 28: 499. 1845.
Cacalia reniformis Muhl. in Willd., non C. reniformis Lam.
Arnoglossum ovatum (Walt.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Cacalia
ovata Walt., Fl. Carol. 196. 1788. Cacalia lanceolata
Nutt., Mesadenia elliottii Harper.
Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 65. 1817. including
? Cacalia tuberosa Nutt., Gen. N.Am. Pl. 2: 138. 1818.
29
1974 Robinson, Genus Arnoglossum 295
Arnoglossum sulcatum (Fernald) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Cacalia
sulcata Fernald in Coult., Bot. Gaz. 33: 157. 1902.
Literature Cited
Rafinesque, C. S. 1817. Florula Ludoviciana.
Robinson, H. and R. D. Brettell 1973. Studies in the Senecion-
eae (Asteraceae). IV. The genera Mesadenia, Syneilesis,
Miricacalia, Koyamacalia and Sinacalia. Phytologia 27:
265-276.
Vuilleumier, B. S. 1969. The genera of Senecioneae in the
Southeastern United States. Jour. Arnold Arb. 50: 104-123.
NOTES ON ARCHIBACCHARIS (COMPOSITAE -— ASTEREAE)
John D. Jackson
Department of Botany, University of Minnesota, St. Paul *
The following notes are drawn from my recent revision of
Archibaccharis which is to be published in the near future.
They consist of descriptions of new taxa and nomenclatorial
changes.
ARCHIBACCHARIS HIERACIIFOLIA Heer. var. HIERACIIFOLIA.
Archibaccharis hieraciifolia Heer., Hamb. Wissensch. Anst.
21: Beiheft 3: 40. 1904 (prim.). Type: MEXICO: State of
Oaxaca: Sierra de San Felipe, ele. 2966 m, 13 Dec. 1895,
Pringle 6257 (HBG; photo. MIN!; isotypes: BM! F! GH! K! MIN!
MONPMSCS ONY! Pt uClUSs).
Baccharis oaxacana Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 37. 1904.
Hemibaccharis oaxacana (Greenm.) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
20: 546. 1924. Archibaccharis oaxacana (Greenm.) Blake, ibid.
23: 1508. 1926. Type: Pringle 6257.
Heering's publication of Archibaccharis hieraciifolia preceded
the publication of Baccharis oaxacana Greenm. in the same year.
Both names were based on plants from the same collection,
Pringle 6257. My study of the holotype of B. oaxacana and photos
of the holotype of A. hieraciifolia show that these plants are
members of the same taxon. I view the two following taxa as
varieties of A. hieraciifolia.
ARCHIBACCHARIS HIERACIIFOLIA Heer. var. GLANDULOSA (Greenn. )
J. D. Jackson, stat. nov.
Baccharis glandulosa Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 36-37.
1904, Hemibaccharis glandulosa (Greenm.) Blake, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 20: 546. 1924. Archibaccharis glandulosa (Greenm.)
Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 60. 1927. Type:
MEXICO: Federal District: Serrania de Ajusco, ele. 2895 mn,
7 Dec. 1903, Pringle 8782 (GH!); isotypes: BM! C! F! K! MICH!
MIN! MO! ny! P! PoM! uc! us! Ne
ARCHIBACCHARIS HIERACIIFOLIA Heer. var. HIERACIOIDES (Blake)
J. D. Jackson, stat. nov.
Baccharis hieraciifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. 2; 129.
1881, Not Lam. 1783, Hemibaccharis hieracioides Blake, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 547. 1924, Archibaccharis hieracioides
* Publication costs were met in part from the Junior F. Hayden
Memorial Fund.
296
197h Jackson, Notes on Archibaccharis 297
Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17: 60-61. 1927. Lectotype:
MEXICO: State of Mexico: Desierto Viejo, Valley of Mexico,
3 Nov. 1865 or 1866, Bourgeau 1230 (K! photo, MIN! isolectotypes:
C! GH! P! US! photo. of C isolectotype, GH! NY! TEX! photo. and
fragments from an undetermined herbarium, MSC!).
ARCHIBACCHARIS SCHIEDEANA (Benth.) J. D. Jackson, comb. nov.
Baccharis scandens Less,, Linnaea 5: 146. 1830. Not Pers,
1807, Baccharis Schiedeana Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kj¥benhavn
Vid. Medd. 1852: 83. 1852. Type: B, destroyed (D. E. Meyer,
per. comm.). Lectotype: MEXICO: State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa,
Aug., no year cited, Schiede 318 (GH!; photo. MIN!).
Baccharis elegans var. Seemannii Schultz Bip., Seem. Bot. Voy.
Herald: 303. 1856. Type: MEXICO: Sierra Madre, N. W. Mexico,
Seemann 2015 (K!; photo. MIN!; isotypes: GH! K!).
Baccharis Thomasii Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 326.
1881. Type: MEXICO: State of Vera Cruz: Orizaba, 1866,
Thomas s. n. (P!; photo. MIN!).
Hemibaccharis torquis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:
550. pl. 51. 1924, Archibaccharis torquis Blake, ibid. 23:
1508. 1926. Type: COSTA RICA: Prov. of San José: "hospice
des alienes," San José, Nov. 1892, Tonduz 1535 (US!; photo. MIN!
UC! isotypes: F! G! GH! NYS PS).
ARCHIBACCHARIS SERRATIFOLIA (H.B.K.) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 26: 236. 1930.
Baccharis serratifolia H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 59. 1820.
Type: MEXICO: State of Guanajuato: on steep slopes between
Santa Rosa and Los Ioares, ele. ca. 2600 m, Sept., no year cited,
H.B.K. 31 (P°).
Baccharis mucronata H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 60. 1820.
Hemibaccharis mucronata (H.B.K.) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
20: 550-551. 1924. Archibaccharis mucronata (H.B.K.) Blake,
ibid. 23: 1508. 1926. Type: MEXICO: State of Guanajuato:
growing with H.B.K. no. 31, H.B.K. 32 (P!; photo. MSC!).
Baccharis micrantha H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 60. 1820.
Type: MEXICO: State of Guanajuato: near Guanajuato, ele. ca.
2000 m, Sept., no year cited, H.B.K. 33 (P!).
Pluchea floribunda Hemsl., Diag. Pl. Mex. 2: 32-33. 1879.
Lectotype: MEXICO: State of Vera Cruz: Mirador, Linden 1171
as part of a mixed sheet including Galeotti 2308, also
A. serratifolia (K!; photo. MIN!; isolectotypes: G! P!).
Diplostephium paniculatum Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 8-9.
1897, Hemibaccharis mucronata paniculata (Donn. Smith) Blake,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 551, 1924. Archibaccharis mucronata
paniculata (Donn. Smith) Blake, ibid. 23: 1508-1509. 1926.
Archibaccharis mucronata var. paniculata (Donn. Smith) Blake,
Amer. Journ. Bot. 15; 64. 1928. Archibaccharis serratifolia
var. paniculata (J. D. Sm.) Blake, Journ. Washington Acad, Sci.
21: 328, 1931. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Huehuetenango: between
San Martf{n and Todos Santos, ele, 2180-2656 m, Dec. 1895, Nelson
3629 (US!; photo. MIN!; isotype: GH!).
298 PH YT Oe ORG hs Vol. 28, no. 3
ARCHIBACCHARIS HIRTELLA (DC.) Heer. var. ALBESCENS J. D. Jackson,
var. nov.
Caulibus glabratis infra, tum paulo sordidis-pilosis
albescentibus-pilosis desuper et in ramis, foliis maxime
ellipticis sed interdum oblongis-ovatis vel raro ovatis,
tenuiter charteceis, sparsim albidis-pilosis in superis et
infernis pagines et stipitatis-glandiferis atque infra,
phyllariis glabris.
Type: MEXICO: State of Oaxaca: oak woods, Sierra de
Clavellinas, ele. 2812 m, 18 Oct. 1894, Pring le 4988 (MIN! 5
isotypes: BM! G! GH! K! MICH! MO! MSC! NY POM: uc! Me
Scandent vines; 50-70 dm tall; eet ee vince rene hairs sordid
below becoming whitish above on the branches and leaves. Roots
fibrous. Stems strongly fractiflex, terete, the bases 3.0-8.0
mm in diam., graduating to 1.0-2.5 mm above, slender, the inter-
nodes 1.0-7.5 cm long, dull, brown or gray-brown below, brown
or green above, glabrescent below, pilosulous above. Leaves
with petioles 1.5-6.0 mm long, pilosulous; blades usually ellip-
tical but sometimes oblong-ovate or ovate, 3.5-6.5 cm long, 1.0-
2.5 cm wide, thinly chartaceous, obtuse at bases, acuminate or
just acute at apices, margins often subentire throughout or
merely sparsely denticulate, distally serrate or serrulate, the
upper surfaces dark-green, somewhat shiny, sparsely pilosulous
with some glandular hairs on the major lateral veins, the lower
surfaces lighter green, sparsely pilosulous and rather evenly
stipitate-glandular, the glands amber. Panicles rather small
and close, pilosulous. Pistillate heads: 3.5-4.0 mm high, ca.
2.0 mm wide, phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, acute, the outer lanceo-
late and glabrous, the inner linear-lanceolate and glabrous;
filiform ray flowers 9-14, pappus 2.0-2.7 mm long, whitish
becoming brown-tinged, corollas 1.3-1.9 mm long, green-white
becoming dark-purple especially above at maturity, puberulous
only near the apices, the ligules present or absent, 0.1-0.4 m
long, achenes 0.8-1.2 mm long, 2-3 nerved, shiny and finely
hispidulous; disk flowers 1-2, pappus 2.0-2.8 mm long, corollas
2.6-3.3 mm long, anthers sterile, achenes inane. Staminate
heads: 3.5-4.0 mm high, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, phyllaries ca. 4-
seriate, resembling those of the pistillate heads; disk flowers
11-16, green-white becoming dark-purple especially above at
maturity, pappus 1,9-2.2 mm long, whitish becoming brown-tinged,
tubes 0.9-1.8 mm long, puberulous above, limb 1.2-1.6 mm long,
puberulous below, lobes oblong or barely linear, 1,0-1.3 m
long, dorsally glabrous, style branches rhombic-oblong, short-
acuminate or acute, achenes abortive, small knobs.
Chromosome number: n = 9 (Jackson, 1969). Published origi-
nally as Archibaccharis hirtella (DC.) Heer. var. intermedia
Blake.
Pollen diameters (microns): polar, 15.0-20.0; equatorial,
16.7-21.0; Jackson 1025, Smith 259.
This variety of Rechibaccharia is hirtella is a long, slender-
stemmed vine which climbs over shrubs. The floral morphology
matches that of the other varieties of A. hirtella very well.
1974 Jackson, Notes on Archibaccharis 299
Fig. 1. Holotype of Archibaccharis hirtella var. albescens.
300 Pub YE 40) L0G. ts Vol. 28, now
Although closely resembling A. hirtella var, taeniotricha from
Chiapas, Mexico and Guatemala in vegetative characters, this new
variety proved to be consistently different in a few characters.
The stems are whitish pilosulous above as are the leaves, The
abundant stipitate-glandular hairs on the lower leaf surfaces
are lacking on var. taeniotricha, a taxon with densely sordid or
brown-pilosulous hairs on the stems and thicker, larger leaves,
The present variety also possesses glabrous outer phyllaries
while those of var. taeniotricha are noticeably pilosulous.
Blake (1934, p. 434) cited Pringle 4988 and Smith 259 as
var. taeniotricha. These collections are now referred to var.
albescens and the MIN sheet of Pringle 4988 was selected as the
holotype.
Growing in oak woods and in a moist, wooded barranca near
moving water, 1750-2745 m ele., known only from Sierra de San
Felipe and Sierra de Clavellinas, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
MEXICO: State of Oaxaca: Oaxaca, Conzatti & Gonzalez 997
(GH!); moist, wooded barranca along Rio Puente, “Sierra de San
Felipe del Agua, Jackson 1025 (B, BM, C, DS, F, G, GH, K, MICH,
MIN, MO, MSC, NY, P, POM, GTEX, UC, US, WIS); Sierra de
Clavellinas, Smith 259) (BM, MICH, MO, NY, UC, US, WIS).
ARCHIBACCHARIS LINEARILOBIS J. D. Jackson, sp. nov.
Herba erecta(?); caulibus, foliis, pedicullis dense glandi-
feris-pubescentibus; corollis florum filiformum capitum pisti-
llatorum 3.9-4.6 mm longis; lobis florum hermaphroditorum disci
capitum staminatorum linearibus vel raro oblongis, 1.7-2.2 mm
longis.
Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Huehuetenango: steep, rocky slopes
along road to San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra Cuchumantanes, ele. 3700 mn,
12-23 Jan. 1966, Molina, Burger & Wallenta 16446 (F! photo. MIN:;
isotype: NY!).
Erect ligneous herbs(?); ca. 15 dm tall; densely glandular-
pubescent, the sordid hairs mixed with white or brown pilosu-
lous hairs; subterranean parts and bases not seen. Stems
straight or obscurely fractiflex above, terete, 1.5-3.5 mm in
diam. above, dull, dark-brown or lighter, glandular-pubescent.
Leaves with short petioles, 1.0-3.0 mm long, thickly glandular-
pubescent; blades ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptical, 3.5-6.0 cm
long, 1.5-3.0 cm wide, firmly chartaceous, shallowly cordate or
rarely rounded at bases, short acuminate at apices, margins
serrulate distally, the upper surfaces dark-green or perhaps
sordid olive-green, somewhat shiny, glandular-pubescent, the
lower surfaces dark-green and sordid, duller than the upper
surfaces, glandular-pubescent. Panicles convex, densely
glandular-pubescent. Pistillate heads: ca. 6.0 mm high, 3.0
mm wide, phyllaries ca. 4-seriate, acute or acuminate, the outer
triangular, ovate-oblong becoming lanceolate, puberulous with
superficial brown glands, the inner linear-lanceolate and
becoming glabrous; filiform ray flowers 30-40, pappus 3.4-4.8
mm long, white or perhaps light-yellow, corollas 3.9-4.6 mm
long, white, puberulous above, the ligules erect or obliquely
197) Jackson, Notes on Archibaccharis 301
GUATEMALA
Fig. 2. Holotype of Archibaccharis linearilobis.
302 Poy PO} tO Gat A Vol. 285 nos:
reflexed, 1.5-2.0 mm long, achenes immature, 1.1-1.4 mm long,
trigonous, shiny and hispidulous; disk flowers 2, pappus 3.6-4.0
mm long; corollas 3.9-4.2 mm long, anthers sterile, achenes
abortive, reduced and inane, Staminate heads: ca. 7.0 mm high,
5.0 mm wide; phyllaries 4-5-seriate, resembling those of the
pistillate heads; filiform ray flowers ca. 9; pappus 3.4-3.8 mm
long, corollas 5.1-5.8 mm long, achenes apparently infertile;
disk flowers ca. 36, white, pappus 3.8-4.4 mm long, white or
perhaps light-yellow, tubes 1.9-2.2 mm long, puberulous above,
limb 2.6-3.0 mm long, puberulous below, lobes linear, rarely
oblong, 1.7-2.2 mm long, sparsely puberulous near the apices of
the dorsal surfaces, style branches subclavellate or oblong,
abruptly acute, achenes abortive, reduced and inane.
Pollen diameters (microns): polar, 22.2-28.9; equatorial,
24.4-32.1; Molina, Burger & Wallenta 16446.
Archibaccharis linearilobis shares some vegetative and floral
characters with A. subsessilis, a species with which it is
sympatric, at least in a portion of the range of that species.
The head composition of the present species parallels that
found in A. subsessilis and A. corymbosa with constant presence
of heterogamous heads on both pistillate and staminate plants.
As with those species, the heads present a diminished monoecious
condition. The type collection of A. linearilobis was distrib-
uted as A. corymbosa.
The specific epithet “linearilobis" refers to the distinctive
linear lobes found on the disk flowers of the staminate heads.
When the cotton blue test was applied to the pollen from the
staminate specimen of A. linearilobis (NY), ca. 92 per cent of
the grains were found to be full, thus reducing the probability
that the specimens were of hybrid origin. Although only a
single sample of the pollen of A. linearilobis was available,
there was a marked difference in the size of the grains when
compared to those of A. subsessilis.
Although A. linearilobis is known only from the type collec-
tion, a single specimen from an additional collection, Breedlove
8515 (MICH), is nearly identical to the present species. This
pistillate specimen, however, appears different with angled
stems, thicker and harsher leaves, much larger heads and larger
floral measurements. The giant characters perhaps suggest a
polyploid origin for this specimen. Further collections are
needed.
Literature Cited
Blake, S. F. 1934. New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by
A. F. Skutch. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 24: 433-435.
Jackson, J. D. 1969. IOPB Chromosome Number Reports. Taxon
18: 435.
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LXVIII
Harold N. Moldenke
LIPPIA VINOSA Moldenke, sp. nov.
Suffrutex 1m. altus; ramis ramulisque dense brunneo-hirsutulis;
foliis decussato-oppositis vel ternatis; petiolis brevissimis
dense hirsutulis; laminis foliorum crassiusculis ovalibus usque ad
6 cm. longis ) cm. latis supra dense scabrido-purescentibus, sub-
tus densissime velutino-tomentosis, margine regulariter serrulatis,
ad apicem acutis vel obtusis ad basin subcordulatis, reticulo
venularum supra impresso; inflorescentiis axillaribus pedunculatis
dense capitatis.
Subshrub, about 1m. tall; branches and branchlets subtetragon-
al, very densely hirsutulous with brownish wide-spreading hairs;
principal internodes 3.5—6 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite or
ternate; petioles short, 5--6 mm. long, densely hirsutulous like
the branches; leaf-blades rather thick-textured but not stiff,
oval in shape, dark-green above, grayish beneath, to 6 cm. long and
4 cm. wide when mature, acute or rounded-obtuse (when young) at the
apex, obscurely subcordulate at the base and somewhat cuneately
prolonged into the petiole, regularly rounded-serruiate fram almost
the base to the apex, roughly pubescent above with bulbous—based
hairs, very densely velvety-tomentose beneath; vein and veinlet
reticulation impressed above and prominulent beneath; inflorescence
axillary, 2 or 3 per node, shorter than the subtending leaves, to
about 3 cm. long when mature; peduncles slender, 1—2 cm. long,
densely hirsutulous with brownish spreading hairs like the branches;
heads capitate, about 1 cm. long and wide, densely many-flowered;
bractlets rather large, oval, about 6 mm. long and 3 mn. wide, very
densely strigose-pubescent, acute at the apex; corolla hypocrateri-
form, wine-red, the tube about 6 mm. long, the limb 1.5 m. wide.
The type of this species was collected by Gert Hatschbach and
O. Guimarfes (no. 2621) on a campo at Terenos, Mato Grosso, Bra-
zil, on August 13, 1970, and is deposited in my personal herbarium
at Plainfield, New Jersey. Its general aspect is much like that
of some species of Hyptis.
STACHYTARPHETA ANDERSONII Moldenke, sp. nov.
Fruticulus, caule solitario gracile dense puberulento; foliis
oppositis crassiusculis firmis ellipticis undique puberulentis ad
apicem argute acutis vel breviter acuminatis, ad basin attenuatis,
margine integerrimis vel minutissime serrulatis; inflorescentiis
spicatis, spicis densissime multifloris angustis; bracteis lanceo-
latis perspicuis; corollis caeruleis hypocrateriformibus.
Single-stemmed low shrub, to 60 cm. tall; stems slender, obtuse-
ly tetragonal, very densely brownish-puberulent throughout, with a
few short and erect branches at or near the apex which are similar
to the stem in texture and puberulence; principal internodes rather
uniform, about cm. long, each with a pair of leaves; leaves de-
303
30h, Pon YT 0\L)0 1G FA Vol. 285 mosus
cussate-opposite, the blades very firm or even subcoriaceous in
texture when dry, probably fleshy when fresh, uniformly green on
both surfaces, elliptic, 6--8 cm. long, 3--l; cm. wide, very sharp-
ly acute or short-acuminate at the apex, entire or with a few
very minute teeth occasionally above the middle, attenuate into
the petiole at the base, very minutely but rather densely puberu-
lent on both surfaces, often with a few scattered circular glands
beneath, the venation obscure above, only the midrib and lower
portions of the ) or 5 secondaries somewhat prominulous beneath;
inflorescence terminal, spicate, the spikes 22—35 cm. long or
longer, slender, very densely many-flowered; peduncles short,
1.5--2 cm. long, resemcling the stems and branches in size, tex-
ture, and puberulence; rachis slender but quite deeply sculptur-
ed beneath each flower; bracts lanceolate, very conspicuous,
closely imbricate, 1—1.5 cm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, long-
acuminate or aristate at the apex, minutely puberulent on the
outside, rather conspicuously scarious-margined from the base to
the apex; corolla hypocrateriform, blue, its tube about 1 cn.
long, the limb about 1 cm. wide.
The type of this distinctive species was collected by William
R. Anderson (no. 7105) -- in whose honor it is named —- in the
cerrado in an area of cerrado and grassy campo traversed by a
small stream, at about 600 meters altitude, 2--l km. by road
north of Funil and the Rio Parand on the Planalto do Brasil,
Goids, Brazil, on March 1h, 1973, and is deposited in the her-
barium of the Universidade de Brasilia in Brasilia, Brazil.
STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS f£. PARVIFLORA Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis dimidium brevior-
ibus recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in
having its corollas much shorter, usually only about half as long.
The type of the form was collected by F. R. Fosberg & D. R.
Stoddart (no. 5896) on greatly disturbed coral gravel in the a-
rea back of the docks on Canton Island, Fhoenix Islands, Central
Pacific, on June 10, 1973, and is deposited in the United States
National Herbarium as sheet no. 268007. My wife and I found the
same form in one very large roadside colony in Ceylon earlier
this year, its small flowers making it quite distinctive.
STACHYTARPHETA LACUNOSA var. ATTENUATA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typical speciei laminis foliorum ad basin
attenuato-acutis vel subcuneatis recedit. This variety differs from
the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades attenuate
acute or subcuneate at the base.
The type of the variety was collected by H. S. Irwin, R. Reis
dos Santos, R. Souza, & S. F. de Fonseca (no. 22157) on rocky slopes
with soil-filled pockets and crevices about 12 km. southwest of Dia-
mantina, at 1370 m. altitude, on the Planalto do Brasil, Minas Gera-
is, Brazil, on January 18, 1969, and is deposited in the Britton Her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden; shrub 1 m., locally common.
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
"ROCKY MOUNTAIN TREES — A Handbook of the Native Species with
Plates & Distribution Maps" by Richard J. Preston Jr., lxxi
& 284 pp., illus., Replication Edition by Dover Publications
Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001). 1968. $3.00 paperbound.
This unabridged revised replication of the second and revised
edition of 1947 from the Iowa State College Press can now become
again a popular companion in the field because the drawings came
through excellently, the keys are just as workable, and the de-
scriptions are easy to follow, yet well detailed.
"THE FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS OF NORTH AMERICA" by William Morton
Wheeler, ix & 136 pp. & plates, illus., Replication Edition
by Dover Publications Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001h. 1973.
$2.50 paperbound.
This is an unabridged republication of this famous paper which
first appeared as article XXXI in the Bulletin of the American Mus-
eum of Natural History, Volume XXIII, in 1907. A new detailed
Table of Contents has been added. The 65 figures, including both
photographs and drawings, reproduced reasonably well.
These many and varied Attii are mostly neotropical even though
some are found south into Argentina and north into New Jersey.
They all "have developed a complex of instinctive activities which
enables them to draw upon an ever-present inexhaustible food-supply
through utilizing the foliage of plants as a substratum for the
cultivation of edible fungi. No wonder therefore, that, having
emancipated themselves from the precarious diet of other ants
which subsist on insects, the sweet exudations of plants and the
excrement of phytophthorous Rhynchota, the Attii have become the
dominant invertebrates of tropical America."
How good for the upcoming students -- formal or informal — in
entomology, biology, ecology, etc. to have this wonderful study
now so easily available!
"ARISTOCRATS OF THE TREES" by Ernest H. Wilson, xxi & 279 pp., il-
lus., Replication Edition by Dover Publications Inc., New
York, N. Y. 10014. 1974. $3.50 paperbound.
This aristocrat of books which was originally published in 1930
and is here republished unabridged except for the omission of the
colored frontispiece, is definitely to be welcomed. Many people
from many walks of life besides arborists have been and now can
305
306 15) def NEE (0) 3) (GEA Vol. 25.10
continue to be provided with pleasure and information through
the reissuance of this splendid book.
"INTRODUCTION TO MUSHROOM HUNTING" by Vera K. Charles, 60 pp.,
illus., Replication Edition by Dover Publications Inc., New
York, N. Y. 10014. 1974. $1.25 paperbound.
This is an unabridged republication of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture Circular No. 13 entitled "Some Common Mushrooms and
How to Know Them" in its 1946 revision.
This work has long appealed primarily to amateur fungiphiles
and general naturalists. Its textual descriptions are still good
today in comparison with those of more recent books. Its 9
photographic figures suffer somewhat in comparison with those in
more recent works which also have the advantage of revised nomen-
clature. Consequently this amazingly inexpensive book can best
be recommended as an ‘extra! rather than a 'prime' guide for
mushroom hunting.
"SEASONS" text by Hal Borland & photographs by Les Line, 126 pp.,
illus., J. B. Lippincott, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19105. 1973. $14.95.
Among the world's many naturalists and persons of related
scientific interests — amateur and professional — past and
present — there are those who have contributed much valuable
work, but there are so very few who are adle to share with their
fellowmen their thoughts and observations, and by the certain
succession of words and camera clicks can produce as wonderful a
publication as this one!
The exquisite color photographs by themselves portray beauti-
fully the grand succession of the seasons. The pleasurable per-
sonal expectations of repeated experiences throughout the pro=-
gression of the seasons are described beautifully. Either of
these approaches alone would have been well worthy of publication,
but their integration into this oversized book of excellent
printing is so much the better.
What a lovely gift this would make to share with friends!
"THRIPS: Their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance" by
Trevor Lewis, xv & 39 pp., illus., Academic Press, London
N.WI & New York, N. Y. 10003. 1973. & 10.55 or $22.00.
"Thrips" complements "the hitherto largely descriptive works
on the order Thysanoptera, by presenting thrips as living animals,
stressing the behaviour of individuals and populations, their
varied and complex relationships with plants, other animals, and
the physical components of their environment, their abundance in
1974 Moldenke, Book reviews 307
undisturbed and in cultivated habitats, and their economic impors
tance as pests [about 1/10 of known species widely recognized the
world over] and beneficial insects [a smaller proportion that prey
on harmful thrips and other arthropod pests and a few phytophagous
species exploited to control weeds, and the pollinators]...
"To encourage general entomologists, ecologists and agricultur—
alists to use the book, non-specialist terminology has been used
wherever possible, and to stimulate a wide academic and applied
interest illustrative examples have been chosen from a great vari-
ety of countries, habitats and crops."
This is an excellent reference work with a huge bibliography,
indexes, and appendices on specimen preservation, thrip predator-
parasite and thrip predator-prey lists, chemical control, and
synonymy and common names.
"MAINE PARADISE: Mount Desert Island and Acadia National Park" by
Russell D. Butcher, 96 pp., illus., A Studio Book by Viking
Press, New York, N. Y. 10022. 1972. $10.95.
"May this book created with such love, beauty, and understand-
ing, become a vade mecum for all fortunate enough to visit or
live on Mount Desert Island" writes Carl Buchheiser in his Prelude.
The author describes the area through the telling of its his-
tory, seasonal accommodations, listing of its wildlife, and pro-
gramming within Acadia National Park which now Seenuies about half
of Mount Desert Island and parts of some satellite islands. The
author also has provided some of the 55 beautiful color photographs.
The others and some attractive line drawings are provided by the
artist, Marie Ivey Menzietti.
"WILDFLOWERS OF LOUISIANA and Adjoining States" by Clair A. Brown,
x1 & 247 pp., illus., Louisiana State University Press, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803. 1972. $10.00.
For this popularly oriented and yet professionally prepared
work over 500 flowering plants are attractively photographed in
color by the author and simply and effectively described so that
the book can be used in the field by several kinds and levels of
students, amateurs and quick visiting botanists. They are chosen
from a knovm flora of 3,000 species in a suspected flora of 4,500
species. For every illustration there are at least three voucher
specimens deposited in the herbaria of the local university, the
Smithsonian Institution and the New York Botanical Garden. The
nomenclature employed follows that of H. Rickett's "Wild Flowers
of the United States", Volume 2, "The Southeastern States".
Blooming times, habi tats, and appearance in neighboring Texas,
Arkansas and Mississippi are noted. There is even space left be
low the descriptions for personal observations.
Surely this book is headed for much successful usage.
308 PH YeTNOrLsOrGed A Vol. 28, noms
"THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY LAND" by Asaph Goor & Max Nurock, iii &
293 pp., illus., Israel Universities Press, London, New York
& Jerusalem P. 0. Box 7145, Israel. 1968.
From the Old Testament, Mishna, Talmud particulatly, and from
other valid sources the authors trace interestingly the horticul-
tural and religio-cultural history of these edible plant products.
"The Land of Israel is acknowledged to be within two principal
centres of the origin of cultivated plants, namely, the Mediter-
ranean Basin and the Middle East. It has probably given birth it-
self to some of them, such as the carob, olive, azarole, jujube
and almond.
"In the Bronze Age [Chalcolithic )000--1200 B.C.]....from India
and Egypt [came] the fig and pomegranate, the citron [or etrog]
and date. From the north and north-east came the vine, the apple,
the pear and peach, the pistachio, the plum, the mulberry, the
quince and the walnut. During the six hundred years of the Israel-
ite period, coinciding roughly with the Iron Age [1200-—-600 B.¢.],
and through the twelve centuries of the Persian and Greek, the
Roman and Byzantine periods, this 'immigration' went on". The
banana, apricot and almond are also discussed. Additional re-
search may provide more surety in these matters in the future.
There are excellent documentaries, black/white illustrations
that come from ancient woodcuts, hieroglyphics, mosaics, etc.
This work certainly should appeal to readers with many differ-
ent interests from botany to history to fructiculture to Zionism.
"PLANT NAMES: COMMON AND UNCOMMON" 2nd Edition compiled by Sonia
Wedge, i & 31 pp., New York Botanical Garden Library, Bronx
Park, New York, N. Y. 10458. 1974. $1.50 paperbound.
This enlarged and improved new edition of over 1,000 entries
grew, as did the first one, at the telephone-reference desk of
the New York Botanical Garden library in answer to questions
from returning tourists, editors, cross-word puzzle fans,
gardeners, etc.
Space between entries makes for clean format and for easy
reading as well as for adding one's own newly acquired entries.
The bibliography gives further and collaborating information.
"ANNUAL REGISTER OF GRANT SUPPORT 1973-7)" 7th Edition edited by
Deanna Sclar & Staff, xiii & 828 pp., Academic Media, Orange,
New Jersey 07050, or Sherman Oaks, California 9103. 1973.
$39 20.
That is a big price for a book without colored pictures, but
this is a very big book with obviously no need for such chromatic
illustrations but with well organized information about gold mines
instead. It is a "must" for academic and project libraries. It
is a great time-saver and a directory of possibly unknown, little
1974 Moldenke, Book reviews 309
known, as well as well known sources of non-repayable financial
aid from 1,581 granters controlling several thousand opportunities
in the humanities, the social sciences, the pure and applied sci-
ences (biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, physiography),
the health and medical sciences, geographical and other area
studies, and the burgeoning and ramifying environmental studies.
The material is again reorganized topically in four different
indexes.
This compilation renders a great service.
"THE PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FERNS" edited by A. C.
Jermy, J. A. Crabbe & B. A. Thomas, xiv & 28 pp., illus.,
Academic Press, London NWI & New York, N. Y. 10003. 1973
[197]. £12.00 or $25.00.
This book includes the 18 papers with relevant additional
references offered to the Symposium on the Phylogeny and Classi-
fication of the Filicopsida held jointly by the British Pterido-
logical Society and the Linnean Society of London in April 1972
and is published as Supplement I to the Botanical Journal of the
Linnean Society, Volume 67, 1973, but actually not appearing
until February 197).
The papers reflect historical review (Pichi Sermolli), orien-
tation (Holttum), present thought trends in fern evolution and
systematics (the Tryons) and also point to future developments
(Wagner). Stomatal types, gametophytic types, spore types, bio-
chemical types, etc., are considered systematically as are also
such groups as Aspidiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae and
Cheilanthaceae.
There is a great deal of valuable material, well written and
well indexed, between theses book covers.
"GRASSES OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES" by Frank W. Gould,
352 pp., illus., University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizo-
na 85722. 1973 Reprint. $3.95 paperbound.
Because of the relatively recent "demand outrunning supply",
this valuable work has been reprinted with a flexible paper cover.
So now the same fine keys, descriptions, almost a hundred many-
parted clear drawings by L. B. Hamilton, bibliography, glossary
and index are all freshly available to the many who will want and
need this book as a guide for their study and/or enjoyment.
"RESEARCH EXPERIENCES IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: A Laboratory Manual"
by Thomas C. Moore, xi & 62 pp., illus., Springer Verlag
Inc., Heidelberg, Berlin & New York, N. Y. 10010. 197).
$9.50 paperbound & with 3-holed removable "lab" sheets,
rlanned for advanced undergraduate and graduate plant physiolo-
310 PHY OL, OG tT A Vol. 28, no. 3
gy courses by the author who has taught many such and who is
strongly convinced that "each exercise should be sufficiently
comprehensive in design and include adequate replication to be re-
alistically instructive about the principle or process under study
or the technique being practiced...." yet allowing for "a diver-
sity of exercises adequate to cover the most major topics."
Typical of the 25 exercises is "Induction of an Amylase in
Aleurone Cells of Barley Grains by Gibberellin" and typical of the
questions in the Report is "What specific and unequivocal conclusi-
ons can be made about the effects of actinomycin D and cyclohexi-
mide which were observed?" It is well supported with directions
and bibliography and it can be adapted effectively to a wide range
of professors, texts and equipment.
"A FLORA OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS" by Robert H. NYohlenbrock & John W.
Voigt, ix & 390 pp., illus., Southern Illinois University
Press, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 or Edwardsville, Illinois
62025. 197). $3.95 paperback.
This is just the paperback Arcturus Books Edition, copied by
offset from the original 1959 form that has been much used, espec-
ially locally, by almost a generation of botany classes and related
ones in conservation, forestry, etc., botanists and amateurs, or
visiting naturalists. It is good to have this fine work so readily
and inexpensively available again.
"TROPICAL CROPS: Monocotyledons" Volume I by J. W. Purseglove, x &
234 pp., illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York, Ne Y¥< 10016.) 1973. $12500).
The author, who has spent his professional life in various
tropical posts, has herein provided the basic information on the
botany, origin, distribution, and agronomy for the alphabetically ar-
ranged monocot crop plants from the Agavaceae through the Gramineae.
There are 32 pages of fine quality drawings made from living mater-
ials by M. Wong.
"One of the great difficulties experienced in many parts of the
tropics is the lack or scarcity of library facilities. It is hoped
that this work [which is really excellent, will provide].....some
basic information which is not readily accessible elsewhere."
"PIITLODZNDRONS" by Jack Kramer, ii & 87 pp., illus., Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1974. $5.95.
This is a small, attractively illustrated and arranged, descrip-
tive book on the many kinds of vining and self heading (misspelled
in Contents) philodendrons now horticulturally available as house
and patio plants. Planting directions and care are explicit. Even
mail-order suppliers are listed from five very different sections
1974 Moldenke, Book reviews 311
of the country.
"UNDERWATER GARDENS: Planning and Planting Your Aquarium" by Jack
Kramer, iv & 85 pp., illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New
York, N. Y. 10017. 197k. $6.95.
This oversized attractive book may prove to be a happy deter-
ent to the growing fad of aquaria serviced by huge pumps, several
types of fish foods and unrealistic plastic "plants".
This book advocates the "natural biotope aquarium" with listed
and described plants chosen to match the natural habitats of the
fishes displayed. "From Malaysia, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Bor—
neo, New Guinea and Ceylon come most of our aquarium plants and
fish.....from lakes, rivers, and swamps in these tropical lands".
But then, it is distressing to read of them as "seascapes" with
nothing marine about them! Directions for care, as well as
sources, of both plants and fish are given.
"FRESHWATER ECOLOGY" Second Edition by T. T. Macan, viii & 33
pp., illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York, N. Y. 10016. 197). $10.95 paperbound.
Modernly updated in content and with a thorough bibliography,
this new edition still hardly ever mentions any plants that have
to be in the environments of the discussed animals}
The price is outrageously high.
"25 VEGETABLES ANYONE CAN GROW" by Ann Roe Robbins, viii & 216
pp., illus., Replication Edition by Dover Publications, Inc.,
New York, N. Y. 10014. 197). $2.00 paperbound.
This work was first presented in 192 expressedly for the ama-
teur at a time when "Victory Gardens" sprang with seeds, green
thumbs, aching backs, great zeal, and such guidance as this book
offered in city lots, in lieu of flower gardens and on front
lawns.
Now with inflation and the return to the soil (mostly by folks
who have never been there) movements simple sound directions such
as these should be very helpful. Academics who are so often
asked "How to..." questions can safely recommend this work as a
dependable guide.
"STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANT CELLS IN SALINE HABITATS: New
Trends in the Study of Salt Tolerance" by Boris Petrovich
Strogonov & edited by B. Gollek, vi & 28) pp., illus., Halsted
Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016, 1973.
$30.00.
312 FH Set 0, Le OG) Pek Vol. 26,0 non
The book was translated in 1970 by A. Mercado from the orig-
inal Russian under the auspices of the Israel Program for Scien-.
tific Translations.
Because this is a relatively new interdisciplinary field depen-
dent upon advanced precise physiochemical procedures, complex
equipment and quite new approaches that are now available, much
new information and subsequent ideas should be forthcoming soon,
The book considers salt tolerance in cells, tissues, and whole
plants in vivo and in vitro in connection with nitrogen, carbohy-
drate, organic acids, nucleic acid, and protein metabolisns, with
plastid and soluble pigments, with sulfur conversion, and wih
the chemistry of necrosis.
There is a very full bibliography and a long index which is
faulted because it includes very few scientific names and even
these few are not distinctively italicized. From consulting it
one cannot be sure whether and mangrove genera, for instance, are
even considered! Figure 87 is a fascinating, and possibly still
partly biochemically fanciful chart of a Scheme of Toxic and
Protective Mechanisms in Plant Cells under Saline Conditions.
"HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY" edited by Ray F. Smith, Thomas E. Mittler
& Carroll N. Smith, viii & 517 pp., illus., Entomological
Society of America cooperating with Annual Reviews, Inc.,
Palo Alto, California 94306. 1973. $12.00 U.S.A. prepaid
and $12.50 elsewhere prepaid.
What a storehouse of valuable and interestingly presented in-
formation this is}
The 20 papers by 25 authors of worldwide range and renown
survey first early entomology in East Asia, the Middle East, and
the Western World; later the early naturalists, anatomists with
their lenses, and systematists; and then, more modernly, morpho-
logy, physiology, paleontology, ecology, genetics and ethology.
So little attention is given to the insect role in pollination!
There is a treatise on biological, but not chemical, control.
There are also surveys on applied entomology: agricultural, for—
est, medico-veterinary, and apiculture.
Inevitably some basic ideas are repeated but very few details
are presented repetitiously. Each paper has a carefully compiled
bibliography and items are well indexed.
This reasonably priced book is surely a "must" for academic
and biologically professional libraries. Many entomologically
interested folks will surely want personal copies.
> | e
PHYTOLOGIA
Designed to expedite botanical publication
Vol. 28 August, 1974 No. 4
LIBRARY e 1974
New york AUG 10!
BOTANICAL
- ggabegi CONTENTS
BEETLE, A. A., Noteworthy grasses from Mexicoll................ 313
ati, 4. B.,Votes on Bromeliaceae, XXXVI . 2... 0s. oo ew ew 319
HALE, M. E., Jr., New combinations in the lichen genus Parmotrema
ERs a. COPS ie = re eae pm Peper sadn SORES oT ARS 334
HALE, M. E., Jr., Delimitation of the lichen genus Hypotrachyna
PERE SG rate a opine Bi co Shale ee oP Go Seed he 340
MOLDENKE, H.N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XXII ..... . 343
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LXIX..... 401
DEGENER, O. & I., Flotsam and jetsam of Canton Atoll, South Pacific .. 405
DEGENER, O. & I., Spathodea in peat ieee aaa ears, 419
DEGENER, ee MIEN © MIVCRLORD 2700-5. a. tsk onl ober eacw etek fe 420
net 42 UGK PEVIEWS 2... Fo 8 wwe 2 ees Go pee 422
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
SA.
Price of this number $2.00; per volume, $8.50 in advance or $9 at close
of volume; 50 cents extra to foreign addresses
NOTEWORTHY GRASSES FROM MEXICO I11
Alan A. Beetle, Range Management Section, University of Wyoming,
University Station, P. 0. Box 3354, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071.
The first paper with this title can be found in Phytologia
27(6):441-444, Jan., 1974. All the Beetle collections mentioned
hereafter are in the Range Management Herbarium at the University
of Wyoming.
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. In 1842, Trinius and Ruprecht used the
name Aristida dispersa Trin. & Rupr. to combine all the New World
material of A. adscensionis and to distinguish this material from
all the Old World material which was treated as A. vulgaris Trin.
& Rupr. They confined A. adscensionis to its type locality on
the Island of Ascension.
In the Chase "Index to Grass species A. dispersa" is
annotated "a group name including 5 varieties .......... Henrard
takes humilis as type of the group." A. vulgaris is a similar
"group name” but no mention of this is made in the Chase Index.
Although all 5 of the varieties listed under A. dispersa in
Trin. & Rupr. are given varietal status in the Chase Index no
mention is made of the 15 names given varietal status under
A. vulgaris. Henrard gives A. canariensis Willd. as the type
for A. vulgaris and both names, A. vulgaris and A. canariensis,
become synonyms of A. adscensionis.
Many collections of the adscensionis complex from North
America, South America, the Old World and the type locality show
the lateral awns to be not less than 10 mm. long, and the central
awn usually not more that 15 mm. long, and to agree additionally
in the upright habit, narrow and elongate inflorescence, and
the generally smooth lemma except for the scabrosity on the keel.
These plants represent A. adscensionis var. adscensionis as now
recognized by Henrard (Monograph of the genus Aristida. Med.
Van's Rijks Herb. Leiden 54A Vol. Il. pgs. 331-335. 1932) and
other authorities. Apparently A. adscensionis is native
throughout its range since there is nearly equal development of
geographic varieties in both the New World and the Old World.
From the comparisons below, it is easy to imagine that
something similar to the widespread var. adscensionis achieved
the original dispersal of the species and that since, in three
different geographical areas, there has been a segregation of
c Published with approval of the director, Wyoming Agricultural
Experiment Station as Journal Article No. 678.
313
314 PUY PLO pO aA Vol. 28, no. 4
varieties which tend to parallel each other because they are
arising from similar gene pools.
New World Old World
North America South America
var. adscensionis var. adscensionis var. adscensionis
var. modesta var. modesta var. pumila
var. coarctata var. bromoides var. guineensis
var. interrupta var. condensata var. festucoides
Key to the Mexican varieties of Aristida adscensionis
Plants tall, the branching often above the base, the panicle open
or if elongate, then interrupted
Panicle not markedly elongate or markedly interrupted
Panicle more or less compact, the branches short and erect
Panicle green to purplish, the awns flexuous
var. adscensionis
Panicle often very dark purple, the awn stiff and
strongly reflexed var. decolorata
Panicle very open, loose, the branches long and flexuous
var. coarctata
Panicle markedly narrow, elongate (about 20 cm. long) and
conspicuously interrupted with dense fascicles
Awns 10-15 cm long, plants usually greenish
var. interrupta
Awns 15-20 cm long, plants often dark purple
var. nigrescens
Plants short, the branching primarily basal, the panicles single,
dense, spikelike, with overlapping fascicles
Awns varying from 6mm. to 15 mm. long, the short-awned form;
common var. modesta
Awns obsolete; rare var. abortiva
1974 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico 315
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. ABORTIVA var. nov.
A. adscensionis var. modesta Hack. similis sed setae lemmae
abortivas.
Type: Beetle M — 2403, Mexico, Baja California Sur, 5
miles south of El Coyote on Bajia Concepcion.
In California and northern Mexico, well within the total
range of var. modesta occurs a plant which is similar in all
respects except for the striking reduction of the lateral awns
of the lemma. This plant was noted by Johnston (Journ. Arnold
Arboretum 24:of page 401. 1943) as follows: "three collections
cited above have the lateral awns minute or nearly wanting, but
otherwise they agree closely with the specimens associated with
them.'' The three collections mentioned are Pringle 390,
Johnston 8252 and Johnston 8415.
Aside from the type collection, the following have been
seen: California: 11 miles west of Needles, Numz and Harwood
3621. A collection of Wiggins, his number 9676, from the south
end of the Coxcomb Mts., 8 miles n.e. of Desert Center is
intermediate between var. abortiva and var. modesta.
Mexico: Baja California Sur, Beetle M - 2662, near La Paz at
Coromul is intermediate between var. abortiva and var.
modesta.
Mexico: Durango, 8 miles north of Lerdo, Beetle M-1323.
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. ADSCENSIONIS
Partial synonymy:
Ae adscensionis L. Sp. Pl. 82. 1753.
A. canariensis Willd. Enum. Pl. 99. 1809.
Chaetaria adscensionis (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 30. 1812.
A. divaricata Willd. misapplied by Jacq. Eclog. Gram. 7.pl.6.
1814, not A. divaricata Humb. & Bonpl.
A. humilis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:121. 1815.
Chaetaria humilis (H.B.K.) R. & S. Syst. 2:396. 1817.
A. tasciculata Torr. Ann; Lyc. N.Y. 12154. 1824.
Chaetaria fasciculata (Torr.) Schult. Syst. Veg. 2:Mant. Addit.
W578 US27 3
Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr. var. canariensis (Willd.) Trin.
& Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5:132. 1842.
Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. Vi. Sci.
var. mongholica Trin. & Rupr.
5:133. 1842, a syn of A. adscensionis L. acc. to J.
Malata Beliz. Gramineas de Ilha de Maio. Bot. Soc.
Broteriana 44 (second Ser.) 266. 1970.
A. dispersa Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat.
5:129. 1842.
316 PH YP: LOG era Vol. 28, no.
A. adscensionis L. var. canariensis (Willd.) Dur. & Schinz.
Conspe Hla Aires / 99 sIS94e
A. adscensionis L. var. typica Stapf. in Hook. Fl. Brit. India
Vi 224 SO.
A. adscensionis L. var normalis Kuntze and f. viridis Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pl. 3:340. 1898. Also £. violascens Kuntz, op.
@atieg ilfeiekehe
A. adscensionis L. var. humilis (HBK) Kuntz Rev. Gen. Pl. 3:340.
1898.
adscensionis L. var. modesta Hack. in Stuck. Anal. Mus. Nac.
Buenas Aires 11:89. 1904.
[>
This is the type of Aristida adscensionis which is both com-
mon and widespread. It occurs in North America from Missouri,
Kansas, and Colorado, south to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas,
throughout Mexico, where it is the most common variety, and in
Guatemala, Venezuela and Argentina. Mexican collections include:
Sonoro, Beetle M - 2344; Baja California Sur, Beetle M - 2407;
Nuevo Leon, Beetle M - 425; Zacatecas, Beetle M - 1790; Sinaloa,
Beetle M - 2672; Queretaro, Beetle M - 1703; Morelos, Beetle M -
1645; Oaxaca, Beetle M - 1515.
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. MODESTA Hack.
Synonymy :
Aristida festucoides Stend. & Hochst. Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss.
3:550. 1845, nomen nudum, Chile (non A. festucoides Poir.,
1810).
Aristida americana var. bromoides (HBK) Scribn. & Merr. U. S.
Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32:5. 1901. Sensu Seribnke
& Merr., non A. bromoides HBK.
Aristida adscensionis var modesta Hack. in Stuckert, An. Mus.
Nac. Bs. Aires 11:89. 1904.
Aristida adscensionis var. coerulescens (Desf.) Hack. in
Stuckert, op.cit., sensu Hackel non A. coerulescens Desf.
A collection, Beetle 596, Prov. of Mendoza, 8 kil. s. of
Villavicencia on first slopes breaking out of the Mendoza Plain,
dry rocky site, April 25, 1953, from Argentina, agrees exactly
with North American desert habitat and material from California,
Arizona and Mexico. Many early floras including Hitchcock's
treatment of grasses for Jepson's Flora of California, accepted
var. bromoides either as a species or as a variety and this
practice should continue, but the name changed since Henrard has
redefined the limits of var. bromoides based on examination of
the type which is from Ecuador.
The common variety in California and Arizona is var. modesta.
It has apparently also been reported for Texas by Silveus in his
"Texas Grasses" for he says (cf. page 333), "The author collected
in the Hueco Mountains some plants with spikelets 5-7 mm. long,
1974 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico 317
central awn 4-8 mm. long, and the lateral 2-5 mm. long." It is
very common in Baja California Sur, and rarer in continental
Mexico, also occurring in central South America. Mexican
collections include: Baja California Sur, Beetle M - 2587 and
M-2496; Baja California Norte, Beetle M - 1876 and M - 1867;
Nuevo Leon, Beetle M - 2891 and M - 390; S.L.P., Beetle M - 1764;
Zacatecas, Beetle M - 1812; Mexico, Beetle M - 2922.
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. COARCTATA (HBK) Kuntze
Synonymy :
Aristida coarctata HBK. Nov. Gen. 1:100(122). 1815.
Chaetaria coarctata (HBK) R. & S. Syst. 2:396. 1817.
Aristida dispersa var. coarctata (HBK) Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad.
Si. Petersb. VL. Sei. Nat. 5271305 1842.
Aristida laxa Willd. ex Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI.
Sci. Nat. 5:130. 1842, as syn., not A. laxa Cav. 1799.
Aristida maritima Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:137. 1854.
Aristida adscensionis L. var. coarctata (HBK) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pie Sot. LOIS.
Aristida debilis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17:151. 1921.
This variety is characterized by its open inflorescence, the
panicle lax and loose, somewhat spreading. The central awn is
usually markedly longer. This variety has been described many
times from many places and occurs mostly on the east coast of
Mexico but also on various islands of the Cerribean and in
Venezuela. In Mexico the grass has been reported for Jalisco,
Tamaulipas, Yucata (Beetle M - 999) and Campeche (Beetle M - 922).
Although the name implies a dense panicle, Henrard says of the
type "The plant is the somewhat open-panicled form of the common
Aristida adscensionis, a form not uncommon in Mexico."
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. DECOLORATA (Fourn.) comb. nov.
Based on Aristida grisebachiana Fourn. var. decolorata Fourn. Mex.
Pile 2:76. L886.
This plant is characterized by its striking habit of pro-
ducing whorled vegetative branching well above the base of the
plant as well as by its stiff, straight awns which are often
rigidly divaricate. The lemmas and awns are sometimes very dark
purple as the name implies.
This variety is most common in Mexico, in Baja California Sur
but has also been collected in Oaxaca (whence the type) and on the
Yucatan Peninsula. Collections include Yucatan, Beetle M - 8523
Oaxaca, Beetle M - 3103 and M - 3227; Baja California Sur, Beetle
M - 2609, M - 2390, and M - 2429.
313 P NPY roel 0) Gites Vol. 28, no.
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. INTERRUPTA (Cav.) Comb. nov.
Based on Aristida interrupta Cav. Icon. Pl. 5:45 pl. 471, fig. 2.
1799 and A. adscensionis L. subvar. interrupta (Cav.)
Henr. Monogr. of the genus Aristida. 325. 1932.
Synonymy: Aristida schaffneri Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2:78. 1886
Aristida grisebachiana Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2:78. 1886
Aristida adscensionis var. mexicana Hack. ex Henr.
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 54A:265. 1927, as syn. of
A. adscensionis, name only.
This variety has the usual awn measurements between 10 mm.
and 15 mm. in length but the inflorescence is 20 cm. long in a
narrow but interrupted panicle. In Mexico, it cecurs along the
eastern edee of the high plateau as follows: Coahuila, Almeida,
Julian and Beetle no. 124; Nueve Leon, Beetle M - 1084,
Tamaulipas, Beetle M - 1210 and Veracruz (type locality for
Fournier's species).
ARISTIDA ADSCENSIONIS L. var. NIGRESCENS (Presl) Comb. nov.
Based on Aristida nigrescens Presi. Rel. Haenk. L:223. 1830 and
on A. dispersa Trin. & Rupr. var. nigrescens (Presl) Trin.
& Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5:130. 1842.
This variety is very similar to var. interrupta (Cav.)
Beetle but has much longer awns (always more than 15 mm. long,
and frequently 20 im. long) and the sometimes very dark purple
spikelets, and its geographically distinct range, apparently
occurring along the western coast of Mexico both in Baja
California Sur and on the mainland. Collections include Baja
California Sur, s. of La Paz, Beetle M - 2567 and 5 miles e. of
San Antonio, Beetle M - 2648 and Beetle M - 2642; Sonora, west of
El Coyote, Beetle M - 2024; and Nagales, Beetle M - 21; Guerrero,
near Acopulco, Beetle M - 276; Oaxaca, near Tehuantepec, Beetle
M - 2476 and Beetle M - 1462.
PASPALUM CONJUGATUM £. TRISTACHYA (Vanderz) comb. nov.
Based on P. conjugatum var. tristachya Vanderz, Bull. Agricol.
Congo Belge 9:245. 1918 from Africa
Synonymy: Paspalum sieberianum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:17. 1854.
Paspalum longissimum Hochst. ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:19
Collected in the state of Tabasco near La Venta at the
archeological pyramid, Dec. 30, 1973, Beetle M-3081, first report
for Mexico.
NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE, XXXVI
Lyman B. Smith
VRIESEA
SUPPLEMENT II
This supplement to my provisional key to Vriesea (Phytologia
13: 84. 1966) is organized on the same plan as the preceding one
on Tillandsia. It is intended as final before the completion of
the manuscript of the genus for my monograph. As before, species
marked with asterisk are to be added or substituted in the key.
Subkey I
6(1). Floral bracts (25-) 35 mm long; (add:) 2-3 times as long as
the internodes.
6a. Leaf-sheaths merging with blades, castaneous only near base;
floral bracts glabrous except the pruinose margin; sepals
20-25 mm long; scape about equaling the leaves. Peru.
V. cereicola
6a. Leaf-sheaths contracted at junction with blades, almost
wholly castaneous; floral bracts evenly lepidote at first;
sepals 15-20 mm long; scape usually much shorter than the
leaves. Costa Rica to Venezuela and Bolivia, Greater
ANGLIVES sc cc ccc ccecswadccdnenscussarecesssssee*Vs LNCUrVE
6(2). Floral bracts 40 (-60) mm long, (add:) 3-5 times as long as
the internodes, glabrous; scape stout.
6b. Scape mostly erect and exceeding the leaves; floral bracts
4-5 times as long as the internodes. Colombia, Venezuela.
V. robusta
6b. Scape mostly decurved and shorter than the leaves; floral
bracts 3-4 times as long as the internodes. Peru.
*V. patula
GE): Floral bracts distinctly and densely lepidote; spikes
oblong or linear; petals crenulate or lacerate.
lla. Spikes distinctly complanate; floral bracts nerved.
Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia...........V. heterandra
lla. Spikes subterete; floral bracts even except the keel. Peru
*V. appenii
12(2). Delete V. lacera, a synonym of V. heterandra.
16(1). Floral bracts nearly all convex and ecarinate, 24 (-25) m
long.
16a. Primary bracts obscurely lepidote, exposing much of the
spikes. Colombia, Ecuador.......-..+-+e++eeVe cylindrica
16a. Primary bracts densely and conspicuously lepidote, com-
pletely covering the lower spikes. Peru..*V. sagasteguii
S19
320 Pi Eee EO a bes Vol. 28, noe i
Subkey II
4(1). Delete V. sulcata from this subkey. The leaf-blade is not
triangular.
3(2). Leaf-blades cinereous from a complete covering of scales.
4. Sepals 10-12 mm long; floral bracts 16-25 mm long.
5. Floral bracts carinate; plant lacking stolons. Nicaragua to
PeTUcsccecceee cece cece ccc csceccccscsecesceeve Chontalensis
5. Floral bracts convex, ecarinate; plant spreading by long,
slender stolons. Hcuador, Peru............+.*V.e espinosae
4, Sepals 15-30 mm long; floral bracts 18-60 mm long.
6. Floral bracts 45-60 mm long; sepals 24-30 mm long.
(.- Rhachis soon exposed by the narrow floral bracts. Ecuador,
PETUc ce cscscescccrvcscvcrcccccvccccsssccccesccceVs PAtUla
{. Rhachis wholly covered by the broad, densely imbricate
floral bracts. Heuador........ Ne ROE petraea
6. Floral bracts 18-35 mm long; sepals 15-25 mm long.
8. Spike-rhachis densely lepidote, broadly winged and enfold-
ing the bases of the flowers; scape erect, stout.
HCUAGOL ssc ccccceccccccscccssccrcescccecccseoVe Darclayana
8. Spike-rhachis nearly or quite glabrous, narrowly winged;
scape decurved.
9. Leaf-sheaths merging with the blades, castaneous only near
base; scape about equaling the leaves. Peru.
V. cereicola
9. leaf-sheaths contracted at junction with blades, almost
wholly castaneous; scape usually much shorter than the
leaves. Costa Rica to Venezuela and Bolivia, Greater
Antilles.........2s0-- eee eee vices vee evceice --.*V. incurva
Subkey IIT
4(1). Lower spikes covered by the primary bracts; sepals 10-16 mm
he. eae bracts broadly rounded and apiculate. Lesser
Antilles, Venezuela............ Occ cecccccvesce* Ve COWEITIT
ha. Lower primary bracts long-laminate. Peru, Bolivia.
Tillandsia fusco-guttata
5(2). .....floral bracts ecarinate, 25 (-30) mm long.
5a. Sepals more than half exserted above the lax floral bracts.
V. sincorana
5a. Sepals but slightly exserted above the floral bracts.
*V. vidalii
15(2). Floral bracts sharply carinate toward apex.
19. Primary bracts (add:) covering more than half of each lower
spike.
19a. Lower spikes completely covered by the primary bracts.
West Indies, Mexico, Central America and Andean South
AMEGT= TC Ol eteleysielete/ eters alelclelseisieleioieleleloieledtsieicrensienerar alalcinig sltcmmsio ore
197k Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 321
19a. Lower spikes somewhat exserted; inflorescence densely
cylindric; spikes broadly ovate. Guayana Highland of
BYAZ1 1. oc ceccccccccccesscccccsvescccscossccetV, maguirel
24(1). Change Tillandsia dubia to *Vriesea dubia.
27(1). Change Tillandsia zamorensis to *Vriesea zamorensis.
34(1). V. egregia is a synonym of *V. cowellii.
41(1). Sepals 9-10 mm long.
41a. Floral bracts strongly nerved....... écstsene DLLIAndate esp.
41a. Floral bracts even or nearly so. Costa Rica....*V. umbrosa
43(2). Sepals not over 18 mm long, much exceeding the floral
bracts; pedicels short. Brazil.
43a. Upper scape-bracts densely imbricate; inflorescence
Blenderly cylindric......cssccceccceeseeeeeeVe thyrsoidea
43a. Upper scape-bracts barely imbricate; inflorescence
CLLIPBSOLGs ccc ccccccccrcccsccesesvcccecsces* Vs CACUMINIS
Subkey IV
15(2). Vriesea minarum is a synonym of *V. atro-purpurea.
Subkey V
3(1). Inflorescence many-flowered (15-) 27 em long, exceeding the
leaves.
3a. Floral bracts sharply carinate toward apex. Brazil.
*V. rubyae
3a. Floral bracts scarcely or not at all carinate.
3b. Floral bracts rugose when dry, sparsely punctate-lepidote.
MEXICO. . ccc cccccnccccccscavcccesesceescccrce Ve. MALZinel
3b. Floral bracts coriaceous, smooth and glabrous when dry.
BYE ZIT oi. coc ls 0 c/s olejeleis of s'ble wivis «\sicleluisiele ois cccccceeeVe gradata
WE) :2 Floral bracts with evenly curved margins, (30-) 50 mm
long; inflorescence usually lanceolate or elliptic.
lla. Sepals acute; floral bracts 30 mm long, inflated.
*V. rubyae
lla. Sepals obtuse; floral bracts 40-50 mm long.
12. Inflorescence very dense; each floral bract more than half
covered by the one below it, red with yellow or green
margins, its keel slightly curved.......... -eeeV. inflata
12. Inflorescence subdense; each floral bract less than half
covered by the one below it, its keel strongly curved.
13. Sepals 38 mm long. (V. petropolitans)...*Y. heterostachys
13. Sepals 27 mm long...... akerelateratere, = s\diereee erotics oh eV. pinottii
15(1). Change Tillandsia monstrum to *Vriesea monstrun.
2:84 BiG aS (OS 6 8S) 8 2:6 @ 0) OF. O'8. 2.8 A) C)e BO SO 0.6 a0 le ts 'O' 8.6 € 0) B88 C's 00) 6) 0) £6 6:6 W'S SC OC Rie ewes
322 Poo TOM OGnr A Vol. 28, nove
17(1). Change Tillandsia dubia to *Vriesea dubia.
26(1). V. pachyspatha is a synonym of *V. gladioliflora.
30(2). Scape-bracts bracteiform; none of the floral bracts
acuminate.
30a. Posterior sepals carinate...............Jillandsia fendleri
30a. Posterior and anterior sepals all ecarinate and alike.
30b. Sepals lance-ovate, 15 mm long. Trinidad, Colombia, Peru.
*V. chrysostachys
30b. Sepals narrow, 27-40 mm long............---Tillandsia spp.
Subkey VI
6(1). .....floral bracts ecarinate.
6a. Leaf-blades rounded and long-apiculate, 13 mm wide; floral
bracts even. Costa Rica......-.s-csesceee -+--V. apiculata
6a. Leaf-blades acuminate, 30 mm wide; floral bracts sulcate.
Venezuela...ccccsseee wc ccc ec cecccccescscccsccce Ve SUlCAtA
6(2). .....floral bracts carinate. Brazil.
6b. Leaf-blade acute; inflorescence acute.......V. biguassuensis
6b. Leaf-blade broadly rounded and apiculate; inflorescence
rounded at APCX... cscs weeereesseccccces -*V. pallidiflora
19(1). Leaf-blades concolorous.
19a. Floral bracts about equaling the sepals. Cuba, Puerto
Rico, Venezuela....cesceccceccsecccccecsooe’e macrostachya
19a. Floral bracts much exceeding the sepals. Brazil.
*V. tijucana
28(2). Vriesea minarum is a synonym of *V. atro-purpurea.
Subkey VII
6(1). Floral bracts laterally compressed, sharply carinate.
Brazil.
Ga: Sepals eltiehit ly vexser Cediniects citer vtec lele-etsie's .-..V. retroflexa
6a. Sepals much shorter than the floral bracts...*V. agostiniana
Subkey VIII
8(1). Delete V. tuerckheimii from this part of the key because
its scape-bracts are all imbricate.
21(2). Primary bracts much shorter than the sterile bases of the
branches.
ela. Sepals thin, strongly nerved, especially when dry.
22a. Sepals 24 mm long. Colombia, Ecuador......Tillandsia mima
22a. Sepals 10-12 mm long. Ecuador.
*Tillandsia marnier-lapostollei
ela. Sepals coriaceous, even.
197k Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae 323
23a. Floral bracts to 25 mm long, even. Trinidad, Guiana,
Amazonian BrazZil...cssecescceceees eeeceeeee*V. amazonica
23a. Floral bracts 7-15 mm long, faintly nerved. Hispaniola.
V. tuerckheimii
29(1). Sepals acute. Brazil.
29a. Leaf-blades broadly rounded and apiculate; floral bracts
30-80 mm long, pale and slightly rugulose near apex.
V. longicaulis
29a. Leaf-blades attenuate; floral bracts to 23 mm long,
CONCOLOLOUB....eeeeeeeees peccecsesscccceces --*V. pereirae
30(1). Floral bracts about equaling or exceeding the sepals of at
least the lowest flowers.
31. Floral bracts sharply carinate toward apex.
32. Sepals attenuate, 25-35 mm long; rhachis verrucose below
each node; floral bracts acuminate. Costa Rica pa
Colombia, West IndieS......eseeseeccveccsrecece Vv. ringens
32. Sepals obtuse or broadly rounded, 15-24 mm long.
33. Sepals nearly as broad as long; floral bracts 35-45 mm
long. Salvador.<.cccccescccssecss Sis retaterots V. cornus-cervi
33. Sepals narrow, about twice as long as wide. Brazil.
34. Floral bracts bright purple; primary bracts shorter than
the bracteate sterile bases of the branches.
V. brusquensis
34. Floral bracts green; primary bracts exceeding the naked
sterile bases of the branches.........-.-e0. *V. pabstii
31. Floral bracts obscurely if at all carinate.
35. Sterile bases of the branches naked; floral bracts scarcely
if at all secund.
36. Sepals obovate, 25 mm long. Ecuador..Tillandsia cucullata
36. Sepals elliptic, 17 mm long. Costa Rica....V. camptoclada
35. Sterile bases of the branches bracteate.
37. Floral bracts thin, nerved. Colombia, Ecuador.
Tillandsia secunda
37. Floral bracts coriaceous or subcoriaceous, even.
38. Leaves subrounded and apiculate, finely purple-spotted
toward base. Mexico..............- «---*V. breedloveana
38. Leaves attenuate at apex.
39. Floral bracts obscurely carinate, more or less secund
with the flowers, mostly broadly ovate. Mexico to
Costa Rica........ cece rerer eevee ceccese *V. werckleana
39. Floral bracts broadly and evenly convex, ecarinate, not
at all secund, suborbicular.
40. Primary bracts much larger than the floral bracts;
inflorescence much branched. Costa Rica.
*V. kupperiana
40. Primary bracts scarcely larger than the floral bracts;
inflorescence few-branched. Colombia......V. confusa
40(1). Branches with naked sterile bases, 5-8-flowered. Brazil.
40a. Leaves broadly acute and apiculate; sepals little exceeding
32h Peli P20yb 0 Geek Vol. 28, no.
the floral bractS.........sssseceeeeeeeeeeVe penduliflora
40a. Leaves attenuate at apex; sepals much exceeding the floral
DLACTH esse ececrevccee eee c cece esse sees eeee* Ve Guarteana
42(1). contradicts 30(2). Therefore delete V. werckleana and V.
kupperiana which are inserted above under 30(1).
47(2). Leaves covered on both sides with appressed brown-centered
scales.
47a. Sheaths green, concolorous with the blades.....V. cearensis
47a. Sheaths dark castaneous............ eis ioiele) is alale ftViaie Sees
Subkey IX
4(1). Floral bracts acute.
ha. Leaf-blades ligulate, acuminate, over 30 mm wide. Guatemala
V. pectinata
ha. Leaf-blades very narrowly triangular, 12 mm wide. Amazonian
Inig-WablLon ooo OGG OG GODOOCCUGO OOD CGO OGOGOOOOdO00G --*V. mitoura
8(1). Floral bracts becoming secund with the flowers.
8a. Sepals 35 mm long, twice as long as wide. Guyana.
V. pachychlamys
8a. Sepals 22 mm long, broadly elliptic. Costa Rica.
*V. burgeri
23(2). Sepals to 35 mm long.
23a. Leaf-blades ligulate, acuminate; sepals coriaceous. Cuba.
V. haplostachya
23a. Leaf-blades very narrowly triangular; sepals chartaceous,
nerved. Venezuela.......... eee cece eee ee eee Ve Wurdackii
PGC) Scape-bracts, or at least the upper ones, shorter than
the internodes; sepals much exceeding the floral bracts.
29. Leaf-blades narrowly triangular, attenuate; floral bracts
rounded, obtuse or apiculate.
30. Leaf-sheaths small, pale, scarcely distinct, strongly
nerved. Venezuela.......sseeeeeeenees sseeeeeee Ve. fibrosa
30. Leaf-sheaths large, castaneous, conspicuous, even. Brazil.
31. Rhachis flexuous, 2 mm thick; floral bracts much shorter
than the internodesS.......-ssseccsecsee cocdoooo wie daha
31. Rhachis geniculate, 3-4 mm thick; floral bracts equaling
or exceeding the internodes.
32. Upper scape-bracts much shorter than the internodes;
floral bracts 1-1.5 times as long as the internodes.
V. brassicoides
32. Upper scape-bracts but slightly shorter than the inter-
nodes; floral bracts nearly 2 times the internodes.
*V. goniorachis
29. Leaf-blades ligulate, acute or rounded and apiculate.
33. Sepals to 40 mm long, suboblong; leaf-blades 60-70 mm wide;
floral bracts ecarinate. Colombia............V. socialis
1974 Smith, Notes on Bronoliaceae 325
33. Sepals 18-28 mm long, elliptic; leaf-blades 25-35 mm wide.
Brazil.
34. Leaf-blades ligulate, 25 mm wide, broadly rounded and
APLCULATE. .cereecececccoeesccccsosescevsceVe pPlatzmannii
34. Leaf-blades narrowly lance-triangular, 35 mm wide,
subacute and long-apiculate.....--sec-eeee*V.e Lancifolia
'36(1). Floral bracts fleshy-coriaceous. Brazil.
36a. Rhachis flexuous, slender.........-. ie ete o++.V. oligantha
36a. Rhachis geniculate, 3-4 mm thick....-.+sseee*V. goniorachis
39(1). Leaf-blades broadly rounded and apiculate.
39a. Floral bracts remaining erect or nearly so; leaf-blades
obscurely punctulate-lepidote beneath. Brazil.
V. unilateralis
39a. Floral bracts becoming secund with the flowers; leaf-blades
strikingly white-lepidote beneath. Costa Rica.
*V. dodsonii
Subkey X
7(2). Branches elongate, the lower ones 2-flowered. Costa Rica.
fa. Primary bracts very broadly ovate.............V. crassiflora
fa. Primary bracts long-attenuate from an ovate base.
*V. hainesiorum
28(1). Scape erect; sepals....., 12-20 m long.
28a. Sepals narrow, fleshy, dark and finely rugose when dry.
COSTA RICA... ceecscecceccccccccccecevccsese*Ve SArCOlEPis
28a. Sepals broadly elliptic.
Guatemala, Hondurdiwss asa. aaa es Sass oemie<oemele MOREBHAE
COSTA RICA. ce rcceescccccevccccrecccccscesceeVe L1razuensis
Batt). V. attenuata is a synonym of *V. gladioliflora.
34(2). Sepals 17 m long, suborbicular or elliptic.
34a. Leaf-sheaths pale; inflorescence dense; sepals suborbicular
Costa Ricas.c... a SOO aifoltey ntada\ojeie.eie.c elelalcbsejejclotete Vrs) pVaL Tel Lies
34a. Leaf-sheaths dark eaateeanns inflorescence lax; sepals
elliptic. Colombia... sss cciccccocescvecsocen* Vs OF JUGIAe
35(2). Delete V. hainesiorum from this part of the key because
its branches are elongate. Cf. above under 7(2).
AGOSTINIANA E. Pereira, Bradea 1: 33. 1971.
AMAZONICA (Baker) Mez. Floral bracts much shorter than the
sepals.
APPENII Rauh, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 19: 111, fig. (po. E10);
1969.
ATRO-PURPUREA Alv. Silv. Fl. Montium 2, Add.: 3, pl. 131,
fig. 1. 1931. Tillandsia citrina Baker, Handb. Bromel. 22k.
1889, non Burchell ex Baker, 1879. Vriesea citrina E. Morr. ex
326 PU Ae Orin OG) Tak Yol. 28, nes
Baker, Handb. Bromel. 224. 1889, nomen in synon.; ibid (7),
hortus, Rev. Hort. 77: 127. 1905, nomen. V. minarum L. B.
Smith wArqe Bot. S.; Paulo, is, 1c1716, pie, 126! 1943. V. citrina
(Baker) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 21: 93. 1971.
BREEDLOVEANA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A V. werckleana Mez, cui
affinis, foliorum laminis subrotundatis apiculatisque base
purpureo-maculatis differt.
PLANT known only from fragments but probably flowering nearly
2m high. LEAVES to 38 cm long, laxly vestite with minute dark
appressed scales throughout; sheaths ample, nearly concolorous
with the blades; blades ligulate, subrounded and apiculate, 45
mm Wide, green above, pale green beneath, finely purple-maculate
toward base. SCAPE straight, 12 mm thick at apex, glabrous at
least with age; scape-bracts (upper) erect, imbricate, broadly
ovate. INFLORESCENCE laxly bipinnate, glabrous at least with
age; primary bracts like the upper scape-bracts, cuspidate-
acuminate, shorter than the bracteate sterile bases of the
branches; branches curved-spreading, to 4S em long, densely
secund-flowered; rhachis flexuous, narrowly alate. FLORAL
BRACTS secund with the flowers, broadly ovate-triangular,
obtuse, obtusely carinate, 3 cm long, exceeding the sepals and
more than twice as long as the internodes, coriaceous, even,
pale brown; pedicels stout. SEPALS broadly elliptic, obtuse,
2 cm long, coriaceous, even, ecarinate. CAPSULE stout, acute,
beaked)) 25 mm ons.) Pl i.
MEXICO: Chiapas: Mun. Zinacatan: Steep cliff along Mexican
Highway 190 in the Zirlecantan ese of Navenchauk, alt. 2100 mn,
29 August 1966, D. E. Breedlove Le — (US, type).
BURGERI L. B. Smith, sp. nov. - pachychlamyde Mez, cui
valde affinis, sepalis multo eee: late ellipticis differt.
PLANT alenecine 4S em high. LEAVES 25 cm long, covered on
both sides with bright white, dark-centered scales; sheaths
broadly elliptic, ca. 9 cm long; blades ligulate, broadly
rounded and apiculate, 3 cm wide, green above, more or less
tinged with purple beneath. SCAPE erect, stout; scape-bracts
tightly imbricate, elliptic, broadly acute and apiculate,
coriaceous, rugulose when dry. INFLORESCENCE simple, dense, few-
flowered, 10 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS distichous, becoming secund
with the flowers, broadly ovate, subacute and cucullate, 35 mm
long, exceeding the sepals and more than twice as long as the
internodes, ecarinate, coriaceous, obscurely punctulate, rugulose
when dry. SEPALS broadly elliptic, rounded at apex, 22 mm long,
coriaceous; petals and stamens unknown. Pl. II.
COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Epiphytic, forested land between
Rio Coton and Rfo Negro (about 15 km from Sabalito) near Las
Alturas lumber camp, 8° 53' N, 820 54" W, alt. 1200-1300 m,
17-18 January 1967, W. Burger & G. Matta U. 4583 (US, type; F,
isotype).
CACUMINIS L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 79, pl. 1, fig. 25,
26. 1968.
CHRYSOSTACHYS E. Morr. Inflorescence simple or compound.
COWELLII (Mez & N. L. Britton) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 80.
197: Smith, Notes on Eromeliaceae 327
1968. Tillandsia cowellii Mez & N. L. Britton, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. II. 3: 225. 1903. Vriesea egregia L. B. Smith, Phytologia
#2355, pl. 1, fig. 4-6. 1953.
DODSONII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 80, pl. 2, fig. 1, 2.
1968.
DUARTEANA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 80, pl. 2, fig. 3-5.
1968.
DUBIA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 15: 197. 1967.
Tillandsia dubia L. B. Smith, Phytologia 5: 284, pl. 2, fig. 4,
5. 1955.
ESPINOSAE (L. B. Smith) Gilmartin, Phytologia 16: 163. 1968.
Tillandsia espinosae L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29:
498, fig. 65d, e. 1951.
GLADIOLIFLORA (Wendland) Antoine, Wiener, Ill. Gart. 5: 98,
pl. 1. 1880. Tillandsia gladioliflora Wendland, Hamb.
Gartenzeit. 19: 31. 1863. Vriesea pachyspatha Mez & Werckle,
Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 867. 1904.
GONIORACHIS (Baker) Mez. Flowers tardily secund.
HAINESIORUM L. B. Smith. Branches with naked, slender,
sterile base 8 mm long.
HETERANDRA (André) L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29:
443, 1951. Tillandsia Repent Andre, Enum. Bromel. 7.
13 Dec 1888; Rev. Hort. 60: 567. 16 Dec 1888. TT. lacera L. B.
Smith, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 150, fig. 22 d-f. 1951. “Vriesea
lacera (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 831. 1957.
~ HETEROSTACHYS (Baker) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 19: 289. 1970.
Vriesea incurvata sensu E. Morr. Hie Hortic. 32: 52, plse2.
1882, non Gaud. 1843, based on Binot s n. Tillandsia inflata
Baker, Bot. Mag. 112: pl. 6882. 1886, as to Binot material but
not as to basionym of Wawra. T. heterostachys Baker, Journ.
Bot. 26: 106. Mar 1888. Vriesea petropolitana L. B. Smith, Arq.
Bote. Eaulo Il. 1: 120, pk. 130. 1943.
INCURVA (Grisebach) R. W. Read, Phytologia 16: 458. 1968.
Tillandsia incurva Grisebach in Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goett. "1864":
15. 1865.
KUPPERTANA Suessenguth. Floral bracts about equaling the
sepals.
LANCIFOLIA (Baker) L. B. Smith. Flowers becoming secund.
LIMAE L. B. Smith, Phytologia 20: 181, pl. 2, fig. 17, 18.
1970.
MAGUIREI L. B. Smith, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18, pie2s Se,
fig. 5 f-h. 1969.
MALZINEI E. Morr. var. DISTICHA L. B. Smith, Phytologia 22:
87, fig. 8. 1971. Flowers distichous.
MITOURA L. B. Smith, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18, pis 2: 3c;
fig. 5 i-k. 1969.
MONSTRUM (Mez) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 81. 1968.
Tillandsia monstrum Mez, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. 16: 78. 1919.
rie ope Meare Smith, Phytologia 16: 81, pl. 2, fig. 6-8.
19)
PABSTII McWilliams & Smith, Bromel. Soc. Bull. 20: 54, fig.
1-5. 1970.
328 Pevov in 0 wi 0' Gar Vol. 28, nosus
PALLIDIFLORA E. Pereira, Rodriguesia 26, no. 38: 117, pl. 7,
Se MLC TArS
PATULA (Mez) L. B. Smith. Inflorescence also digitate.
PEREIRAE L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 82, pl. 2, fig. 9-11.
1968.
PETRAFA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 20: 168. 1970.
Tillandsia petraea L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29:
ho7, fig. 65 a-c. 1951.
RUBYAE E. Pereira, Rodriguesia 26, no. 38: 115, pl. 5. 1971.
SAGASTECGUET L. B. Smith, Phytologia 6: 82, pl. 2. fice er
13. 1968.
SARCOLEPIS L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A V. montana (L. B. Smith)
L. B. Smith & Pittendrigh et V. irazuensis (Mez & Werckleé) Wine i3}c
Smith & Pittendrigh, quibus affinis, sepalis angustis carnosis
ex Sicco atris et minute rugosis differt.
PLANT flowering { dm high. LEAVES numerous, rosulate,
suberect, over 25 cm long, obscurely lepidote; sheaths elliptic,
ca. 10 cm long, dark castaneous toward base; blades subligulate,
acute, ca. 25 mm wide, marked with fine wavy transverse lines.
SCAPE erect, slender; scape-bracts erect, closely involute,
exceeding the internodes, ovate, acute. INFLORESCENCE laxly
bipinnate, 13 cm long; axis slender, nearly straight; primary
bracts spreading, broadly ovate, acute and apiculate, to 5 cm
long; branches aborted; flowers 2 at each node. FLORAL BRACTS
elliptic, obtuse, ca. 1 cm long. SEPALS slightly asymmetric,
elliptic, obtuse, 20 mm long, fleshy, dark and minutely rugulose
when dry; petals elliptic, obtuse, 4S mm long; stamens included.
Pilg JLEIG
COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Terrestrial, wet montane forest,
Volean Poas, alt. 2525 m, 13 Aug 1964, M. F. Tessene 1580 (WIS,
type).
SAMICGOLA Li. Bs Smith, Phytologia 16:63, pl. 2, fig. 14-15.
1968.
STENOPHYLLA (Mez & Wercklé) L. B. Smith & Pittendrigh, Journ.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 43: 403. 1953. Thecophyllum stenophyllum Mez &
Werckle, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 875. 1904. 'T. acuminatum
L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 30, pl. 2, fig. 28, 29.
1937, not Vriesea acuminata Mez & Werekle, 190). VY. attenuata
L. B. Smith & Pittendrigh, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. “h3: 4o1.
1953, nom. nov.
SULCATA L. B. Smith. Leaf-blade narrowly subtriangular, the
sides slightly outcurved.
TIJUCANA E. Pereira, Rodriguesia 26, no. 38: 116, pl. 6. 1971.
TUERCKHEIMIIT (Mez) L. B. Smith. Scape-bracts all imbricate.
UMBROSA L. B. Smith, sp. nov. A V. ranifera L. B. Smith, cui
affinis, foliorum Tamints angustioribus omnino viridibus, scapi
eee cone attenuatis, bracteis florigeris sepalisque multo
minoribus differt.
PLANT flowering over 7 dm high. LEAVES over 7 dm long, dark
green; sheaths elliptic, covered with white appressed dark-
centered scales; blades ligulate, acute, cuspidate-thickened,
5 em wide, soon glabrous. SCAPE erect, slender; scape-bracts
197) Smith, Notes on Eromeliaceae 329
imbricate, the lower subfoliaceous, the upper ovate, attenuate.
INFLORESCENCE narrowly cylindric, 15 cm long, laxly bipinnate;
axes slender, obscurely lepidote; primary bracts broadly ovate,
acuminate with a thickened apex, about equaling or shorter than
the axillary branches, obscurely lepidote; branches suberect,
lax, to 5-flowered with the terminal one usually much reduced,
slender, geniculate, the sterile base short, naked. FLORAL
BRACTS suborbicular, 10 mm long, ecarinate, coriaceous, even,
glabrous; pedicels obconical, 5 mm long. SEPALS suborbicular,
12 mm long, coriaceous, even, glabrous; petals 30 mm long, pale
greenish white; stamens included. Plate IV.
COSTA RICA: San Jose: on Inga in deep shade, wooded area
near the escarpment with frequent wind and rain from the
Caribbean, La Palma area, northeast of San Jeronimo, above the
La Hondura valley, 10° 2' nN, 84° 0' W, alt. 1500 m, 27 May -
1 June 1968, W. C. Burger & R. G. Stolze 5333 (US, type; F,
isotype).
VIDALII L. B. Smith & Handro, Phytologia 19: 289, pl. 1,
fig. 22-24. 1970.
WERCKLEANA Mez. Floral bracts about equaling the sepals.
WURDACKII L. B. Smith, Phytologia 16: 83, pl. 2, fig. 16,
iis 1968.
ZAMORENSIS (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith, Phytologia 20: 174.
1970. Tillandsia zamorensis L. B. Smith, Phytologia 4: 213,
pl. 1, fig. 3-5. 1953.
United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., U. S. A.
Vol. 28, noweu
Pei TE Onrn0 Ge Tak
330
Plate I
Vriesea breedloveana L. B. Smith
197 Smith, Notes on Bromeliaceae cere
Plate II
pat WO Lames
Epiphyte on « fallen tree probably about 10m
high et first, frvit becoming brown.
2566197
NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Vriesea burgeri L. B. Smith
332 jee GEE ON IMO) Eo 3h, Hh Vols 26; nosey
Plate III
Vriesea sarcolepis L. B. Smith
197k Smith, Notes on Promeliaceae 333
Plate IV
oS mid h
Type
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COSTA RICA
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UNITEO STATES
2566199
NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Vriesea umbrosa L. B. Smith
New Combinations in the Lichen Genus Parmotrema Massalongo
Mason E. Hale, Jr.
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
One of the first generic segregates of the large genus Parmelia,
Parmotrema Massalongo, typified by P. perforatwn (Jacq.) Mass., includes
all of the species now classified in Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnta (Hale,
M. E., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:193-358. 1965). It is characterized by
broad, apically rotund lobes, usually with a distinct bare rim below at
the margins. Rhizines are simple and often sparse. Apothecia are usually
substipitate to stalked and rather frequently perforate. All species have
palisade plectenchyma in the upper cortex and a pored epicortex (Hale, M.
E., Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 10:9. 1973). Given this circumscription we
are probably justified in including here also the species now classified
in Parmelia subgenus Parmelia section Irregulares, the P. rettculata
group, which while broad lobed, have more dense, simple to rarely squar-
rose rhizines to or very near the margins below.
Parmotrema abessinicum (Kremplh.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
abesstntea Kremplh. Linnaea 41:140. 1877.
Parmotrema abnuens (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia abnuens
Nyl. Flora 68:610. 1885.
Parmotrema affluens (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia affluens
Hale, Phytol. 22:141. 1971.
Parmotrema aldabrense (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia alda-
brensts Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 46:160. 1959.
Parmotrema amboimense (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ambot-
mensits Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 46:158. 1959.
Parmotrema andinum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
andina Mill. Arg., Rev. Mycol. 1:169. 1879.
Parmotrema appendiculatum (Fée) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
appendiculata Fée, Ess. Crypt. Suppl. 118. 1837.
Parmotrema araucariarum (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
araucartarun Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. Wien 83:179.
1909.
Parmotrema argentinum (Krempih.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
argentina Kremplh., Flora 61:476. 1878.
33h
197k Hale, New combinations in Parmotrema 335
Parmotrema arnoldii (DR.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia arnoldii
DR., Nyt Mag. Naturv. 62:80. 1924.
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
austrostnensis Zahlbr., Symb. Sin. 3:192. 1930.
Parmotrema bangii (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia bangii
Vain. Bot. Tidsskr. 29:104. 1909.
Parmotrema breviciliatum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
breviciliata Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:282. 1965.
Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia cetrata
Ach. Syn. Lich. 198. 1814.
Parmotrema chiapense (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia chia-
pensts Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:323. 1965.
Parmotrema commensuratum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
commensurata Hale, Phytol. 22:31. 1971.
Parmotrema compositum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia com-
postta Hale, Phytol. 23:343. 1972.
Parmotrema conformatum (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
conformata Vain. Acta Soc. Faun Fl. Fenn. 7(7):36. 1890.
Parmotrema coralliforme (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia coral-
liformis Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:324. 1965.
Parmotrema corniculans (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia corni-
culans Nyl. Flora 68:607. 1885.
Parmotrema cornuta (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia cornuta
Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):76. 1914.
Parmotrema crassescens (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
erassescens Stirt., Royal Phil. Soc. Glasgow Proc. 10:161. 1877.
Parmotrema cristatum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia cristata
Nyl. Flora 52:291. 1869.
Parmotrema cristiferum (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
ertstifera Tayl. London Journ. Bot. 6:165. 1847.
Parmotrema crocoides (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia crocoides
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:244. 1965.
Parmotrema cryptoxanthum (des Abbayes) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta eryptoxantha des Abbayes, Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar 10:115. 1961.
Parmotrema defectum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia defecta
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:244. 1965.
Parmotrema delicatulum (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
deliecatula Vain. Acta Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7(7):35. 1890.
Parmotrema diacidulum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia diaci-
dula Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:287. 1965.
Parmotrema diffractaicum (Essl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
diffractatea Essl. Bryol. 75:80. 1972.
Parmotrema dilatatum (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia dila-
tata Vain. Acta Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7(7):33. 1890.
Parmotrema direagens (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia direagens
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:288. 1965.
3% PHY DO; ONGae A Vol. 28, no. )
Parmotrema disparile (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia dis-
partlts Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:381. 1860.
Parmotrema diversum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia diversa
Halle, Phytol. 27:1. 1973.
Parmotrema dolosum (des Abbayes) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
dolosa des Abbayes, Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, ser. B, 10:115. 1961.
Parmotrema dominicanum (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
dominteana Vain. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34:32. 1896.
Parmotrema eborinum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta eborina
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:249. 1965.
Parmotrema eciliatum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia erinita
var. ectliata Nyl. Flora 52:291. 1869.
Parmotrema endosulphureum (Hillm.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
tinetorum var. endosulphurea Hillm.-.Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 48:8. 1940.
Parmotrema erasmium (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia erasmia
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:290. 1965.
Parmotrema eunetum (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta euneta
Stirton, Scot. Nat. 4:298. 1877-78.
Parmotrema eurysacum (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia eurusaca
Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser 4, 1:194. 1899.
Parmotrema explanatum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta expla-
nata Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:199. 1964.
Parmotrema fasciculatum (Vain.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
faseteulata Vain. Hedwigia 38:122. 1899.
Parmotrema flavescens (Kremplh.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
glaberrtma var. flavescens Kremplh. Flora 52:223. 1869.
Parmotrema flavotinctum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia flavo-
tineta Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:291. 1965.
Parmotrema fractum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta fracta
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:292. 1965.
Parmotrema glaucocarpoides (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
glaucocarpotdes Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 6:167. 1929.
Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia grayana
Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4, 1:184. 1899.
Parmotrema hababiana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia hababiana
Gyel. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 29:298. 1931.
Parmotrema haitiense (Hale) Hale, comp. nov. Basionym: Parmelia hattiensis
Hale, Bryol. 62:20. 1959.
Parmotrema hanningtonianum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita hanningtontana Mull. Arg. Flora 73:339. 1890.
Parmotrema hololobum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta hololoba
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:293. 1965.
Parmotrema homotomum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia homotoma
Nyl. Flora 68:613. 1885.
Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Stein.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
hypoleuctna Stein. Oster. Bot. Zeitschr. 67:282. 1918.
197k Hale, New combinations in Parmotrema 337
Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia hypo-
tropa Nyl. Syn. Lich. 379. 1860.
Parmotrema inexspectatum (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
inexspectata des Abb. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 20:16. 1958.
Parmotrema insuetum (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia insueta
Kurok. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 10:371. 1967.
Parmotrema latissimum (Fée) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia latissima
Fée, Ess. Crypt. Suppl. 119. 1837.
Parmotrema leucosemothetum (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia leu-
cosemotheta Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4, 1:192. 1899.
Parmotrema lobulascens (Stein.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia lobu-
laseens Stein. Verh. Zool. Bot.Gesell. Wien 53:234. 1903.
Parmotrema lophogenum (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
lophogena des Abb. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 20:19. 1958.
Parmotrema louisianae (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia Louisi-
anae Hale, Phytol. 22:92. 1971.
Parmotrema maclayanum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
maclayana Mull.Atg. Flora 74:376. 1891.
Parmotrema macrocarpum (Pers.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia macro-
earpa Pers. in Gaudichaud, Voy. Uranie, 197. 1826.
Parmotrema madagascariacea (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
eaperata var. madagascariacea Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4,
1:181. 1899.
Parmotrema margaritatum (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia margari-
tata Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4, 1:193. 1899.
Parmotrema melanothrix (Mont.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
urceolata var. melanothrix Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot ser. 2, 2:372.
1834.
Parmotrema mellissii (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia mellissii
Dodge, Ann. Mot. Bot. Gard. 46:134. 1959.
Parmotrema merrillii (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia merril-
Zit Vainio, Phil. Journ. Sci. 4:658. 1909.
Parmotrema mesogenes (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia mesogenes
Nyl. Flora 68:609. 1885.
Parmotrema mestropum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
mesotropa Mull. Arg. Rev. Mycol. 10:55. 1888.
Parmotrema michauxianum (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
michauxtana Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 244. 1929.
Parmotrema mirandum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia miranda
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:273. 1965.
Parmotrema mordenii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia mordenti
Hale, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 4:19. 1971.
Parmotrema myelochroum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia myelo-
chroa Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:256. 1965.
Parmotrema natalense (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melia natalensis Stein. & Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 60:515. 1926.
338 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no.
Parmotrema nilgherrense (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia nil-
gherrensts Nyl. Flora 52:291. 1869.
Parmotrema ochroglaucum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta ochro-
glauca Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:274. 1965.
Parmotrema ornatulum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ornatula
Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:299. 1965.
Parmotrema pachysporum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pachy-
spora Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:299. 1965.
Parmotrema pancheri (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta panchert
Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4, 1:202. 1899.
Parmotrema paradoxum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta paradoxa
Hale, Phytol. 27:1. 1973.
Parmotrema parahypotropum (Culb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
parahypotropa Culb. Bryol. 76:29. 1973.
Parmotrema paulense (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelita paulen-
sts Zahlbr. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Naturw. Wien 83:175. 1909.
Parmotrema peralbidum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia albid q
Halles Contre) Us Nate Herb S0s25)//001 905).
Parmotrema permutatum (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia per-
mutata Stirt. Scot. Nat. 4:252. 1877-78.
Parmotrema planatilobatum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
planatilobata Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:200. 1964.
Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta prae-
sorediosa Nyl. Sert. Lich. Trop. Labuan Singapore 18. 1891.
Parmotrema preperforatum (Culb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia pre-
perforata Culb. Bryol. 76:27. 1973.
Parmotrema procerum (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
procera Stein. & Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 60:537. 1926.
Parmotrema pseudocrinitum (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
pseudocrinita des Abb. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 20:19. 1958.
Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum (Tavares) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
pseudoreticulata Tavares, Acta Port. Biol. 1B:138. 1945.
Parmotrema pseudotinctorum (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
pseudotinetorum des Abb. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 13:973. 1951.
Parmotrema rampoddense (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta rampod-
densis Nyl. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 26(10):7. 1900.
Parmotrema ramusculum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta ramus-
cula Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:261. 1965.
Parmotrema recipiendum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia rect-
ptenda Nyl. Flora 68:609. 1885.
Parmotrema rigidum (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta rigida
Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):50. 1914.
Parmotrema rimulosum (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia rimulosa
Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 46:133. 1959.
Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia robusta
Degel. Goth. Kungl. Vet. Vitterh. Samh. Handl. ser B, 7:33. 1941.
197h, Hale, New combinations in Parmotrema 339
Parmotrema rubifaciens (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia rubt-
faciens Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Bot. Herb. 36:261. 1965.
Parmotrema saccatilobum (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia sac-
ecatiloba Tayl. London Journ. Bot. 6:174. 1847.
Parmotrema sancti-angelii (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
sancti-angelii Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):35. 1914.
Parmotrema setchellii (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia setchel-
Zit Vainio, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 12:5. 1924.
Parmotrema simulans (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia simulans
Hale, Phytol. 22:32. 1971.
Parmotrema soyouxii (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
soyouxit Mill. Arg. Linnaea 9:32. 1880.
Parmotrema spilotum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia spilota
Hale, Phytol. 27:3. 1973.
Parmotrema stuppeum (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia stuppea
Tayl. London Journ. Bot. 6:175. 1847.
Parmotrema subarnoldii (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subarnoldit des Abb. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, ser. B, 10:113. 1961.
Parmotrema subcaperatum (Kremplh.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subeaperata Kremplh. Nat. For. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1873:10. 1873.
Parmotrema subcoloratum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia colora-
ta Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:340. 1965.
Parmotrema subcorallinum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia sub-
corallina Hale, Journ.Jap. Bot. 37:345. 1962.
Parmotrema subisidiosum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
cetrata var. subistdiosa Mill. Arg. Bot Jahrb. Engler 20:256. 1894.
Parmotrema subrugatum (Kremplh.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subrugata Kremplh. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien 18:320. 1868.
Parmotrema subschimperi (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia sub-
schimperi Hale, Phytol. 23:345. 1972.
Parmotrema subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subtinetoria Zahlbr. Symb. Sin. 3:193. 1930.
Parmotrema sulphuratum (Nees & Flot.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
sulphurata Nees & Flot. Linnaea 9:501. 1835.
Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia tinetorwn
Nyl. Flora 55:547. 1872.
Parmotrema uberrimum (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia uberrima
Hue, Bull. Soc Bot. Fr. Mem. 63:9. 1916.
Parmotrema uruguense (Kremplh.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia uru-
guensts Kremplh. Flora 61:461. 1878.
Parmotrema viridiflavum (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia viri-
diflava Hale, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:274. 1965.
Parmotrema wainii (A.L. Smith) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
wainit A.L. Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 46:85. 1922.
Parmotrema xanthinum (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
proboscidea var. xanthina Mill. Arg. Flora 67:616. 1884.
Parmotrema zollingeri (Hepp) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia zollin-
geri Hepp in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 9. 1854.
Delimitation of the Lichen Genus Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale
Mason E. Hale, Jr.
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
The genus Hypotrachyna, here proposed as new*, is an extremely homo-
geneous group of mainly tropical lichens formerly classified under Parme-
lia subgenus Parmelia section Hypotrachyna (Hale, M. E. and S. Kurokawa,
Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:160. 1964). It is characterized by sublinear,
often elongate, apically subtruncate lobes, adnate to rarely substipitate
imperforate apothecia, and dichotomously branched rhizines uniformly dis-
tributed over the black lower surface. The upper cortex consists of pali-
sade plectenchyma with a pored epicortex (Hale, M. E. Smithsonian Contr.
Bot. 10:9. 1973). As so delimited the genus contains about 110 species
occurring mainly at higher elevations in tropical regions. Seventy-seven
species are known from tropical America and new combinations for these
species are being made elsewhere (Hale, M. E. Smithsonian Contr. Bot.,
in press). Following are the species known from Africa and Asia and tem-
perate America and Europe.
Hypotrachyna addita (Haile) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia addita
Hale, Phytol. 22:433. 1971.
Hypotrachyna adducta (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta adducta
Nyl. Flora 68:610. 1885.
Hypotrachyna adjuncta (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ad-
-juneta Hale, Phytol. 22:434. 1971.
Hypotrachyna bostrychodes (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
bostrychodes Zahlbr. Ann. Crypt. Exot. 1:203. 1928.
Hypotrachyna citrella (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ci-
trella Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:168.
1964.
*Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale, stat. & comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
section Hypotrachyna Vainio, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 7(7):38. 1890.
Lectotype species: Hypotrachyna brasiliana (Nylander) Hale (Basionym:
Parmelia brasiltana Nyl. Flora 68:611. 1885).
30
1974 Hale, Delimitation of Hypotrachyna 341
Hypotrachyna crenata (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia cre-
nata Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:168. 1964.
Hypotrachyna exsecta (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelita exsecta
Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:166. 1847.
Hypotrachyna fissicarpa (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
fisstcarpa Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:175.
1964.
Hypotrachyna flexilis (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia flex-
tlis Kurok. in Hara, The Flora of Eastern Himalaya, 607. 1966.
Hypotrachyna incognita (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
tneognita Kurok. in Hara, The Flora of Eastern Himalaya, 608. 1966.
Hypotrachyna ikomae (Asah.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ikomae
Asan. Journ. Jap. Bot. 263134. 1953.
Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia in-
firma Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:179. 1964.
Hypotrachyna keitauensis (Asah.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
keitauensts Asah. Journ. Jap. Bot. 26:293. 1951.
Hypotrachyna kinabalensis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
kinabalensis Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:204. 1964.
Hypotrachyna kingii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta kingit
Hale, Journ. Jap Bot. 43:324. 1968.
Hypotrachyna leiophylla (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
Letophylla. Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:179.
1964.
Hypotrachyna longiloba (Magn.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia longi-
loba Magn. Ark. Bot. 30B(3):7. 1942.
Hypotrachyna lividescens (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
lividesecens Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:181.
1964.
Hypotrachyna lythgoeana (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
lythgoeana Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Garden 46:100. 1959.
Hypotrachyna majoris (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ma-
Joris Vainio, Hedw. 37:(33). 1898.
Hypotrachyna massartii (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia massar-
tit Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 3, 1:168. 1899.
Hypotrachyna nodakensis (Asah.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
nodakensis Asah. Journ. Jap. Bot. 34:266. 1959.
Hypotrachyna orientalis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia orien-
talts Hale, Phytol. 22:435. 1971.
Hypotrachyna revolutella (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia revo-
lutella Nyl. in Crombie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 16:222. 1878.
Hypotrachyna rigidula (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia rigi-
dula Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:184. 1964.
Hypotrachyna scytodes (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
seytodes Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:185.
1964.
3h2 1) Vl aG UY Loy 9; (0) (e; at 1 Vol. 28, no.
Hypotrachyna scytophylla (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
scytophylla Kurok. in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:185.
1964.
Hypotrachyna taylorensis (Mitch.) Hale, comb. nov.
taylorensts Mitch. Revista Biol. 2:215. 1961.
Hypotrachyna thryptica (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
thrypttea Hale, Bryol. 75:99. 1972.
Hypotrachyna virginica (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta vir-
ginica Hale in Hale & Kurokawa, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:186. 1964.
Hypotrachyna xanthoparmelioides (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita xanthoparmeliotdes Hale, Phytol. 23:346. 1972.
Basionym: Parmelia
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XXII
Earold N. Molcenke
VERBENA [Dorst.] L.
Additional & emended bibliography: Freyn., Prod. Fasc. Har.
Pls, ed. (2,2: 104. 1739; C. Gay, Hist. Fis. Chile Bot. S: 7
2h, 26, & 28—31. 1849; Twining, Fl. Northeast. Penn. 60. 1917;
Braun, Scology 2: 177. 1921; S. Moore, Journ. Limn. Soc. Lond.
Bot. 4S: 375-378. 1921; Hanson, Am. Journ. Bot. 9: 331. 1922;
Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 521 % 522. 1928; Dole,
Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 223--22). 1937; Hill & Salisb., Ind. iiew. Suppl.
903933 & 22. 1917; EB. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 3h, 101,
& 262--263. 1953; 2. HM. Carleton, Ind. Common Names Herb. Pl., pr.
1, 17, 42, 60-62, 6h, 66, 69, 73, 381, 92, 96, 100, 10-107,
116, 120, & 125 (1959) and pr. 2, 17, b2, 60--62, 64, 66, 69, 73,
81, 92, 96, 100, 10l4--107, 116, 120, & 125. 1962; Piehl, lich.
Bot. : 81. 1965; Luncan & Stuckey, Mich. Hot. 9: 183 & 190, table
6. 1970; Musselman, Cochrane, Rice, & hice, kich. Bot. 10: 183—
18). 1971; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Ill. uncycl. Gard. 15: 2301-
2303. 1972; Fong, Trojankova, Trijdnek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 39:
147. 1972; Rigual Magallon, Fl. & Veg. Prov. Alicant. 31. 1972;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (6): BASIC. S.190, 5.256, S.279, & Se
281. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 3000. 1973; Barans, Castanea
39: 31. 197); Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290, 291, & 293. 197h;
Nohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 286--287 & 389. 197h; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 28: 2)1--26). 197).
Breynius (1739) describes several purported species of Verbena
whose exact identity has not yet teen determined. These are:
"VERBENA vulgaris folio variegato; nobis In horto Honestissi-
mae Sapientissimaeque NMatronae, Dominae de Flines, collegimus.
Verbenae Notae: 1) Flores tubulosi, in extremo vix galeati & labi-
ati, in caulium nec non ramorum summo, vel etiam in virgulis e
foliorm sede exeuntibus spicatim ut plurimum dispositi; 2) Calix
foliolis constructus; 3) Semina quaterna oblonga.
"VERBENA Americana procumbens, Veronicae aquaticae folio sub-
rotundo, flosculis ad foliorum alas; nobis. Teucrium Americanun
procumbens Veronicae agquaticae foliis subrotundis; i/ermanni, Catal.
Hort.
"VERBENA nodiflora major Indica, flore niveo; nobis. In Horto
Fageliano, nomine Teucrii & Veronicae, legimus."
Bailey (1972) gives an interesting description of this genus as
it occurs in garden cultivation in which he says that it is "A large
genus of annuals and perennials, almost all native to the U.S." —
a statement which is untrue since at least 32) presently accepted
taxa in it are not native to the United States. The rest of his
description applies mostly only to xV. hybrida Voss and a few other
species of the Glandularia type, but not to the gemus as a whole:
343
3h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no.
"Attractive, rounded clusters of small, tubular flowers ina
large color’ range from white through every shade of red and blue
make the hardy species excellent garden plants, and the tender
species useful. cool-greenhouse plants. These plants are often
fragrant and are in bloom all summer. Fine for the border, the
rock garden, as edgings, as ground cover in bulb beds, for cutting.
The spreading habit of most of the species, with the accompanying
stem-rooting, gives a solic, matlike srowth that makes a strong
color contrast. fFuli sun and rich garden soil are required.
Propagate by seeds started indoors in late iiarch, except in very
warm sections, where seeds may be sown outdoors where the plants
are wanted. If a specially fine color in a plant is wanted again
the following season, stem cuttings shovlc be rooted and wintered
over in a cold frame or cool greenhouse. Perennial species are
hardy to Zone 5."
The Austin hosa 1, distributed as Verbena sp., is actually
Stachytarpheta c cayennensis (L. ©. Rich.) Vahl.
VERBENA ABRAMSI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290 &
291. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 195 & 29. 197h.
VERBENA ALATA Sweet
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290,
197); Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 110. 197).
VERBENA AMBROSIFCLIA Rydb.
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290 &
291. 197); Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2h1--2)2. 197h.
Higgins encountered this plant in oak-juniver-grassland con-
munities and in gravelly soil of pinyon-Juniperus communities,
flowering in duly. Material has often been misidentified and
distributed in herbaria as V. wrightii A. Gray, a very similar
species as to glandular pubescence and range, but easily dis-
tinguished in most cases by its uniformly much shorter calyx-
lobes.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Von Schrenk 32 (E—
111125). NEW MEXICO: Catron Co.: L. C. Higgins _ 7765 (N).
Harding Co.: L. C. Higgins 6940 Cee
VERBENA ARISTIGERA S. Moore
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 111. 197).
The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when
fresh on Hatschbach 23884 and this collector found the plant
growing in "campo limpo algo umido" in Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 2388)
(W--2705822). ARGENTINA: Chaco: Venturi 9780 (E-~980820) .
VERBENA ATACANENSIS Reich
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 111. 197).
The recording of this species from Formosa, Argentina, by me
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 35
in my "Fifth Summary" (1971) is an error -- the record should
reac "iendoza".
XVERBENA BAILEYANA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Koldenke, Phytologia 23: 214. 1972.
The two specimens from the Bernhardi Herbarium, cited below,
are very different in appearance and are not accompanied by any
easily decipherabie information as to where or when they were
collected. The one on sheet no. 113037 was obviously a large and
vigorous plant ane bears much resembiance to the type of this hy-
brid. The other, on sheet no. 118036, is a much smaller and more
slender and delicate plant with smali, deeply incised leaves. It
is placed here questionably on the assurption that it represents
a depauperate specimen.
Additional citations: LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETSRMINED:
Kerb. Bernhardi s.n. (E--118036, 2 -118037).
VERBENA BALANSAE Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 112. 197k.
Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Jtrgensen 4582 (2—~1006181) .
VERBENA BERTERII (IMeisn.) Schau.
Emended synonymy: Verbena berterii Schau. ex C. Gay, Hist. Fis.
Ouse Bot. 5: 9. 16h9.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 112 & 2h8.
197).
Gay (1849) comments that "sta se halla en los mismos lugares
que la que antecedce iV. sulphurea D. Don} y le es igualmente muy
parecida en su traza, en | la forma de sus hojas, en la disposicion
de sus cabezuelas, etc. Sin embargo la V. Berterii se distingue
le suficiente por la vellosidad muy corta - y muy apretada que
cubre sus ramas, por el color ceniciento 6 rosado de sus flores y
nunca amarillentas y sobretodo por el apéndice de sus anteras no
visibles al esterior. #1 sefior Schauer le da ademas como carActer
propio el de tener el c4liz contornado sobre el fruto, pero esta
particularidad se observa tambien en las V. sulfurea, erinoides,
etc."
VERBENA BIPINNATIFICA Nutt.
Additional bibliography: Fong, Trojankova, Troj4nek, & Farns-
worth, Lloydia 39: 147. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 22. 197.
Eiggins reports this species from sandy soil in the mesquite-
Yucca-shortgrass community and in the mesquite-juniper woodland.
The L. C. Higgins 690, distributed as V. bipinnatifida, is actu-
ally ¥ Ve , ambrosifolia, » while L. C. Higgins 6871 is V. wrightii A.
Gray. The Knauz s.n. (7/2/1] collection, cited below, is a mix-
ture with V. V. tenuisecta Briq.
Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Orleans Par.: Knauz s.n. [7/
2/u1] (E--1302083). OKLAHOMA: Harmon Co.: L. C. Higgins 7285 (N).
TEXAS: Childress Co.: L. C. Higgins s.n. [ {h June 1973] (ny. NEW
3h6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no.
MEXICO: Catron Co.: Eggleston 20h25 (E--102),533). ARIZONA:
County undetermined: Eby s.n. [June 1899] (E-131691). BEXICO:
Zacatecas: Rinehart 736 (B--214,9),31)
VERBENA BONARISNSIS L.
Additional bibliography: R. Bailey, Good BME SOEs Ill. Ency-
cl. Gard. 15: 2301. 1972; Fong, Trojdnkova, Trojanek, & Farns-
worth, Lloydia 39: 147. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: “2h2 & 252.
197).
Palakrishnan encountered this species "close to vegetable cul-
tivation" in Ceylon. The corollas are said to have been "light-
mauve" in color when fresh on Balakrishnan NBK. 1030), Bailey:
(1972) refers to them as "lavender".
nace ional eitations: BRAZIL: ParanAd: Hatschbach 2883 (Ww
2706790). PARAGUAY: T. Rojas s.n. [Hassler 2159] (£--15751)0) .
ARCSNTINA: Bictos Aires: A. T. Hunziker 4o62 (S--1305960). CEY-
LON: Balakrishnan NBK.1028 (i--2760362).
VERBUNA BONARIENSIS var. CONGLOMERATA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 196. 197.
Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Hassler 893) (E--1575223).
VERBSNA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rocr.
Additional ¢ emended bibliography: Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 49 (2): 518. 1932; Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 22h. 1937; Mussel-
man, Cochrane, Rice, & Rice, "Mich. Bot. 10: 183. 1971; Mohlenbrock
g: Voigt, Fl. South, Ill. 286--287 & 389. 197h; Moldenke, Phytolo-
Rie Was ier vey 1
Higgins reports this species as a member of the pinyon-juniper
and the mesquite-Yucca-shortgrass communities. Gay (139) includes
it in his work on the flora of Chile, but with the following com-
ment: "tn ia quinta noticia de las plantas raras del jardin botdn-
ico de Ginebra, A. de Candolle indica esta especie como propia igu-
almente de Chile, lo que es muy dudoso." JI have seen no material
Of lio ero Chile.
Dole (1937) records this species from fields and waste places in
Caledonia and Rutland Counties, Vermont, while Musselman and his
associates (1971), calling it "creeping vervain", record it as "in-
frequent" on dry roadsides in Rock County, Wisconsin. Hitchcock
found it on alkali flats in Montana. The Engelmann s.n., cited be-
low, consists only of floral dissections. at
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.n.
(E--117332); Fairburn & Hence sen. [July 8, 1933] (E--11467 Wipe
MONTANA: Wheatland Co.: c. L. Hitchcock 2h27 (B--1088765) « TEXAS:
Childress Co.: L. C. Figgins 7041 (N). Nev MEXICO: Eddy Co.: L. C.
Higgins 7356. Socorro Co.: Fleetwood 761 (W—~2 706238).
VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Vell.
oat bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 196 & 251.
197.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 347
Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub ("arbusto")
0.7--1 m. tall and have found it growing in "brejo" and at the
edge of streams. The corollas are said to have been "lilac" in
color on Hatschbach 33616 *% 33613 and Kummrow 103. Knauz found
the specimen cited below "in a cemetery", but I assume that it was
not in cultivation there. The J. Steinbach collection cited below
has previously been cited by me from other heroaria as V. litoral-
is H.3.K., but this specimen, at least, seems better placed as V.
brasiliensis. Certainly it cannot be regarded as typical V. litor-
alis, but it could conceivable represent its var. caracasana
(H.B.K.) Briq.
Additional citations: FLORIDA: Escambia Co.: Brinker 26 (E—
1225020). LOUISIANA: Orleans Par.: Knauz s.n. [7/2/u1)] (S—
1302067). BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 33615 (Ac), 33618 (1d);
Kummrow 103 (Gz). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: J. Steinbach 6757 (E--
936451). CHILE: Valdivia: Hollermayer s.n. [verdermann 1362] (E--
90360) . pCa et Be
VERBENA CALLIANTHA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 197. 197).
Additional citations: LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED:
Fendler s.n. (5--127597).
VERBSNA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton
Additional bibliography: Braun, Ecology 2: 177. 1921: ii
in in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 50 (1): 135. 1929; Wt Cat gene fined:
Common Names Herb. Pl., pr. 1, 100 (1959) and pr. 2, 100. 1962; R.
ide Good Housekeep. Ill. Encycl. Gard. 15: 2301--2302. 1972;
Mohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 286, 28 :
ke, Phytologia 28: 2h3& 25h. 197h Fe eee ee
Additional illustrations: R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. 111. sn-
cycl. Gard. 15: 2301. 1972.
Carleton (1962) writes the common name which he accepts for this
species "Rocky-Mountain-vervain". Actually, "rose vervain" is a far
better name for the plant since it is not at all a characteristic
Rocky Mountain plant as the name he adopts would suggest. Bailey
(1972) gives its natural distribution as "from the Southwest and
Mexico", but this, also, is misleading. its natural distribution
is from Illinois to Tennessee, southern Pennsylvania, Virginia, and
Florida, west to Colorado and Texas. It is not known from Mexico nor
from what is usually meant by the "Southwest". Michigan and Minne-
sota records may be the result of introductions. It is not known
from Canada. Bailey refers to the flowers as "pink or purple" and
notes that the species is “zxcellent for the front of the border,
as stems root and produce many blossoms."
The Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard. 117739, cited below, is a mixture
with V. peruviana (L.) Britton.
Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Missouri: Herb. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 117789, in part (E).
348 PHY TOTO ors Vol. 28, no.
VERBENA CANESCENS H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Noldenke, Phytologia 28: 23, 26,
2h7, & 258. 197k.
Clark encountered this species on rocky mesas in Hidalgo.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: O. M. Clark 7059 (E--
1287829) . cre
VERBENA CANESCENS var. ROEMERIANA (Scheele) Perry
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 201--202.
197k.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Von Schrenk 33 (E—-
11112)))).
VERBENA CANIUENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 202. 1974.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 20177 (i-—-
270689) . Eas
VERBENA CAROLINA L.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 23 & 252.
197k.
Recent collectors have encountered this species in the thorn
scrub community with many Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, and Rham-
naceae.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: Dziekanowski, Dunn,
& Bolingbroke 1712 (E--2112)15).
VERBENA CHSITMANIANA Lioldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 186. 1972.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Province undetermined: J&rgen-
sen 86 [El Saldillo] (E—82h562).
VERBENA CILIATA Benth.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 243. 197k.
Clark encountered this species on dry mesas in Hidalgo, while
Dziekanowski and his associates found it growing in an "area of
thorn scrub, mesquite, and cactus; Lupinus along roadbank and
shoulder of waterhole."
Additional citations: M@XICO: Guanajuato: Dziekanowski, Dunn,
& Bolingbroke 179) (N). Hidalgo: 0. M. Clark 70l (£--12 237327) «
VERBENA CORYMBOSA Rufz & Pav.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 205. 197.
Gay (189) comments that this "Planta encontrada en el Peri y
que se cria igualmente en la isla de la Laja y en la provincia de
Valdivia, en Pichi, etc. Florece por enero, etc."
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand4: Hatschbach 20316 (--
2706775). CHILE: Valdivia: Hollermayer s.n. [werdermann 1170] (E—
938961) « Fon tae a a
VERBENA CUNEIFOLIA Rufz & Pav.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 195—196 &
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 39
418. 1972.
Gay (189) comments that this "Sspecie orijinaria del Peri y
que se cria igualmente en las cordilleras de Chile entre Santiago
y Mendoza. Florece por marzo, etc." I have as yet seen no spec-
imens of it from Chile.
XVERBENA DEAMIT loldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 196 & 206.
197h.
The =ggert specimen cited below was orisinally misidentified
and distributed as Salvia sp.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Butler Co.: dggert s.n. [Poplar
Bluff, July 27, 1892] (E—2168588).
VERBENA DELTICOLA Small
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290.
1974; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 206. 197k.
The Dunn @ Dunn 19090, distributed as V. delticola, is actually
V. elegans H.BeK.
VERBENA DISSECTA Willd.
os bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 206 & 248.
197
The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when fresh
on Venturi 526).
This species appears to be based on an unnumbered Née collec-
tion from Chile. Gay (139) says "Née la encontré en el sur de la
Repiblica", but I have seen no material from Chile and wonder if
this may not be another case of a mis-labeled Née collection. The
species is most common in Argentina.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Venturi 526 (E—963i12).
VERBENA ELEGANS H.5.K.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 243. 197h.
The Dunns encountered this species "on west [=wet?] rocky slope,
much of area cultivated or grazed, many rock ferns & cacti."
iiaterial of this species has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria as V, delticola small and as V. pulcherrima Hort.
additional citations: LEXICO: Hidalgo: Dunn & Dunn 19090 (NX).
LOCALITY OF COLL“CTION UNDSTEM.INLD: Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard.
118557 (E).
ViRBENA ELEGANS var. ASPERATA Perry
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 206 & 208-—-
209. 197k.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: Dunn, Dziekanowski, &
Bolingbroke 20129 (E—2112116). Paar eeu ae
XVERBENA ENGELMANNII Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Verbena hastata x urticifolia Pepoon ex
Mohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 287. 197.
350 P HY, TOs L.0) GLA Vol... 25, nopey
Additional bibliography: Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 22). 1937; Mohn
lenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 236, 287, & 389. 197; Moldenke,
Phytologia 28: 2h. 197.
Mohlenbrock & Voigt (1974) record this hybrid from Hardin County,
Illinois. Dole (1937) calls it "thread-foot vervain" and records
it from Addison, Bennington, Rutland, and Windsor Counties, Ver-
mont, citing unnumbered collections by Blanchard, Dutton, Kittredge,
and Kirk. The Engelmann s.n. cited below consists of only floral
dissections.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.
V‘RBZNA EPHEDROIDES Cham.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 209. 1974.
The corollas on Hatschbach 22316 & 32801 are said to have been
"lilac" in color when fresh and this collector has found the plant
growing on wet campos and in compact formations in "brejo". He re-
fers to it as a shrub 1.5 m. tall and found it in flower and fruit
in November.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 22316 (wW—
2HOST1O)\, S2801 (2).
VERBENA FILICAULIS Schau.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 209--210.
197).
Hatschbach has collectea this plant in "brejo", flowering in
November. The corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color
when fresh on Hatschbach 3342 and "violet" on Eatschbach 22859.
The latter specimen appears to have been a most remarkably husky,
apparently firrly erect plant with extra large leaves. It may rep-
resent a distinct form or variety.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 22859 (Ld),
33442 (Ac); Eatschbach, Smith, & Klein 2826) (W--270677h).
VERBENA GOODDINGII Briq.
Additional bibliography: Voldenke, Phytologia 28: 20) & 210--
AUS Te
The L. C. Higgins 6278, distributed as typical V. gooddingii,
is actually var. nepetifolia Tidestr.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Gila Co.: Foster & Arnold 26) (E—
1206355) . Pos 0. <i.
VERBENA GOCDDINGII var. NEPETIFOLIA Tidestr.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 20) & 211.
197h.
Figgins has reported this plant as a member of the Larrea-desert
shrub community in Arizona.
Additional citations: ARIZONA: Pima Co.: L. C. Higgins 6278 (N).
ERBENA GRACILESCENS (Cham.) Herter
Additional bibliography: Molcenke, Phytologia 28: 211—212.197).
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 351
The corollas are described as having been "clear violet" in
color when fresh on Venturi 5:71. In addition to months previous-
ly reported by me, this” plant has been collected in fruit in Octo-
ber. The Lossen 1,66 collection is a mixture with V. montevicensis
sae eg) tO it par pee
Additional citations: ARCENTINA: Chaco: Jtrgensen 2)61Y (E—
831780). Corrientes: cana 466, in part (E—9203)0). Salta: Ven-
turi 51,71 (E--961393). Ss”
VERPENA GUARANITICA (Troncoso) }:oldenke
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290. 197k;
Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 212. 197h.
VERBINA HALEI Small
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytolegia 28: 2) & 258.
197k.
Additional citations: LOCALITY Cr COLLECTICN UNDETSHAINED
Kerb. Chapman 6125 (Z--115385).
VERBENA HASSLERANA Bria,
Additional synonyry: Verbena basslerana Hocking, stxcerpt. Bot.
4.23: 293, sphalm. 197). me
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197h;
Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 213. 197).
VaRsENA HASSLARANA var. GLANDULOSA Moldenke
synonymy: Verbena basslerana var. glanculosa Hocking, Uxcerpt.
Bot. A.23: 293, sphalm. 197).
Additional bibliography: Eocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197k;
Koldenke, Phytologia 28: 213. 197h.
SNA HASTATA L.
ect synonymy: Verbena americana urticae folio minore,
floribus dilute purpureis S§ minoribus 5 ‘Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. far. Pl.,
ed. 2, 2: lO. 1739. ai
Additional & emendec bibliography: Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl.,
ed. 2, 2: 10). 1739; Twining, Fl. Northeast. Penn. 60. 1917; wWan-
gerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 521. 1928; Fedde in
Just, Bot . Jahresber } 9 (2): 519. 1932; Dole, FI. Vt., eds 3, 22h.
1937; Rs HM Carleton, Ind. Common Names Herb. Pl., pr. 1, 6 LS fy
66 (1959) and pr. 2, ier 17, x 66. 1962; Piehl, Mich. Bot. y: 81.
19655 Duncan 2: Stuckey Mich. Tet, 9: 183 & 190, table 6. 1970;
Eusselman, Cochrane, Rice, & Rice, Mich. Bot. 10: pte ie Lew 2B R.
Bailey, Good Housekeep. Tid. Uneyel. Gard. 15: 2302. 1972; Hocking,
mxcerpt, Pot. 4.23: 290. 1974; Mohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South. Ill.
286, 237, & 389. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2h. 1974.
Additional illustrations: R. "Dailey, Gooc Housekeep. Ill. En-
cycl. Gard. 15: 2302. 1972.
Dole (1937) reports this species as common in waste places and
pastures and along watercourses at the lower altitudes in Vermont.
Duncan & Stuckey (1970) founc it on Big Chicken Island in the Cana-
352 P Hi OAT 0iG ial Vol. 28, no.
dian part of Lake Erie. Musselman and his associates refer to it
as cormon in low open ground in Rock County, Wisconsin. Piehl
(1965) reports that it is sometimes host to Pedicularis lanceola-
ta as evidenced by dead haustoria and/or haustorial scars, at
Teast in Michigan. The Engelmann s.n. cited below ponesaes only
of floral dissections.
Bailey (1972) says of this plant: "A handsome native perennial,
common in fields of N. America....Crows 3 to ft. high in sun or
partial shace. A colorful addition to the late summer landscape.
Attractive to honeybees." Carleton (i962) adopts the name "blue
American vervain" for this plant anc notes that "iron-weed", also
~ften applied to it, belongs likewise [and more advisedly] to the
genus Vernonia and to Centaurea nigra.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.
VERBENA HASTATA f. ROSEHA Cheney
Additional synonymy: Verbenae americanae, urticae folio, flore
carneo Hort. ex Breyn., Prod. asc. cc. Rar. ari GElo 2p 23 Sagi in
syne 1739.
Additional bibliography: Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl., ed. 2,
2: 10). 1739; bioldenke, Phytologia 28: 217. 197h.
VERBENA HATSCHBACHI holdenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 218. 197h.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 2,707 (W--
2706927) «
VERBENA HERTERI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 268. 1972.
Additional citations: URUGUAY: Herter 979 (B--93882):—isotype).
VERBENA HIRTA Spreng.
Susana bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 218—219.
1974.
The corollas are described as es been "lilac" in color
when fresh on Hatschbach 32754, 33014, & 33775. Hatschbach has
encountered the s species in campos, S, "campo limpo", and "campo seco",
flowering and fruiting in January, October, and Decerber.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4&: Hatschbach 32754 (Ac),
33614 (Gz), 33775 (Ld).
VERBENA HIRTA var. GRACILIS Dusén
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 219. 197.
The corollas are described as "lilac" in color on Hatschbach
32852, which was collected in "faxinal".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 32852 (Ld).
VERBENA HISPIDA Ruiz & Pav.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 219--220.
197k.
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 353
The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Venturi 3702,
"violet" on Venturi 5370, and "un poco rosadido" on Jtrgensen
2638.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Formosa: Jtrgensen 2638 (E—
866618). Jujuy: Venturi 5370 (E—963120). Salta: Venturi 3702
(E--960)06) .
VERBENA HOOKSRIANA (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 220. 197.
Hunziker reports this species as "frequent" in La Pampa, Argen-
tina.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: La Pampa: A. T. Hunziker 079
(E--1305957) «
VERBENA HUMIFUSA Cham,
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 220. 197.
Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Hassler 979 (E--1575188).
XVERBENA HYBRIDA Voss
Additional bibliography: R. Bailey, Ccod Housekeep. Ill. En-
cyecl. Gard. 15: 2302 & 2303. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2hl—
25 & 263. 197).
Additional illustrations: R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Ill. En-
eycl. Gard. 15: 2302 & 2303 (in color). 1972.
Horticultural varieties of this plant, in addition to those
previously recorded by me in this series of notes, are "Dreer's
Mammoth Pure White", "Dreer's Mammoth Scarlet Shade", and "ihite
Mammoth".
My wife and I have seen this plant in outdoor garden cultiva-
tion in Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, India, and Pakis-
tan, anc have coilected it, also in outdoor cultivation, at 7000
elevation in Ceylon, the corollas were deep-red, flowering in
January. I have also personally seen it in outdoor cultivation
in Egypt. The Barchet collection cited below does not have any
indication on its label to the effect that it came from cultiva-
ted plants, but I am assuming that it dic.
Additional citations: CULTIVATZD: Ceylon: Moldenke, lioldenke,
Jayasuriya, & Sumithraarachchi 28291 (W--2764508). China: Barchet
Sen. [Chekiang] (f—1l7440). Missouri: Mngelmann s.n. [June 132]
(E--117330) ; Fendler s.n. [M. B. G. 4/6/61) (B--117596); S.C.J. 6/
Oh (E--116858); C C. H. Thompson 150 (E--762933), 151 (E—76293h).
New York: W. Trelease Son. Ithaca, Sept. 10, 1878) (£--117793).
Ohio: Luke s.n. [Chio St. Ae hoe. it 199] (E—-1182)5). Texas:
J. Reverchon s.n. (Dallas, 1875] (£ B--118371).
xVERBENA ILLICITA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 25. 197.
The Engelmann sen. cited below consists solely of floral dissec-
tions.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.n.
(E--11 7332) .
35h, P HY T OfL'0 GTA Vol. 28, no.
VERBENA INCISA Hook.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Piiytologia 28: 2l5--26.
197).
The Rojas specimens cited below, from the "lower Pilcomayo",
could have been collected either in Paraguay or in the province
of Formosa, Argeritina, depending on which side of the river they
were growing.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Chaco: JUrgensen 266 (E--
831779). PARAGUAY: T. Rojas 254 (E—1574354), 256 (E--157352) .
VERBENA INTERMEDIA Gill. & Hook.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2l6—-2)7.
197.
In addition to the months previously reported by me, this spe-
cies has been collected in fruit in March, growing at 300 m. alti-
tude. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when
fresh on Krapovickas 2951.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Krapovickas
2951 (E--1305752). Formosa: J&rgensen 308 (R--867089).
VSRBENA JORDANENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 27. 197.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 22633 (W--
270577) = va
VEREENA LACINIATA (L.) Briq.
Additional bibliography: R. 3ailey, Good Housekeep. Ill. an-
ee Gard. 15: 2302. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2h7--2h9.
197.
Bailey (1972) describes this as "A tender peremnial of S. Amer-
ica, generally srown as an annual. Spreading stems, which root
readily, have dense, terminal clusters of lavender flowers."
VERBENA LIPOZYGIOIDES Walp.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 286. 1972.
Additional citations: LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED:
Herb. Bernhardi 136 (E--118051).
VERBENA LITORALIS H.B.K.
emake bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 250--252.
17h.
J. Steinbach 6757 has been cited by me from various herbaria
as Vv. litoralis; however, the Missouri botanical Garden sheet of
this number seems to be better placed as V. brasiliensis Vell.
Certainly it is not typical V. litoralis. The other sheets of
this collection should be reexamined.
Gay (189) says that this "Planta muy comun en los campos, las
huertas de la Serena, Santiago, etc. Contra la opinion de Hooker
y Walpers, la mirames, lo mismo que Schauer, como especie bien
distinta de la V. bonariensis, que no se encuentra en Chile; se
diferencia sobretodo por sus ones pecioladas y no amplexicaules,
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 355
ni tampoco irregularmente dentadas, por sus peciolos mas delgados
y sus flores inferiores apartadas."
Additional citations: VENIZUZLA: Aragua: Fendler 852 (i--
117594). GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Indefatigable: Lév8que 132 (\--
267033) « S Aas
VERBENA LITORALIS var. CARACASANA (H.5.K.) Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 252. 197k.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a prostrate shrub
["arbusto"] along roadsides, comion in patches, at altitudes of 700
to 4200 meters. Edwin & Schunke Vigo found it flowering anc fruit-
ing in July. The corollas are described as having been "purple"
on Sdwin & Schunke Vigo 3883.
ae citations: PoRU: Junin: Sawin ¢: Schunke Vizo 3333
(Ld). (eae | op Sete ae
VERBENA LOBATA Vell.
Additional bibliorraphy: Holdenke, Phytologia 23: 253. 197h.
The corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh
on Hatschbach 3233) and the plant was found rrowing at the edze
of a stream.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 3233 (Ld).
VERBENA LOBATA var. SESSILIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 296. 1972.
The corollas are described as having been "violet" in color
when fresh on Hatschbach 33474 and this collector describes the
plant as procumbent, growing in "brejo" at the edce of "corrego".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 3373 (Ld).
VERBENA MACDOUGALII Heller
Additional bibliography: Fong, Trojdnkova, Trojdnek, & Farns-
worth, Lloydia 39: 147. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 253--25h &
258. 197h.
Higgins found this species growing in the sandy soil of Salix
Juniperus communities in Arizona,
' {tional citations: ARIZONA: Apache Co.: L. C. Higgins 7803
(N). ‘ee lee
VERBENA MEGAPOTALICA Spreng.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 255. 197.
Additional citations: URUGUAY: Herb. Bernhardi s.n. [Monte-
video] (E--1180),6) .
VERBENA MENTHASFOLIA Benth.
ee bibliosraphy: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 255--256.
1974.
The corollas are said to have been "light-purple" when fresh on
H. S. Gentry 193.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: H. S. Gentry 152 (E--
1102371). Sonora: H. S. Gentry 193 (E--110236]L) .
356 P HY T O-L' 0G Tk Vol. 28, no.
VERBENA MICROPHYLLA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290.
1974; Moidenke, Phytologia 28: 256. 197).
VSRBENA MINUTIFLORA Bria.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 252 & 256--
ABT LOT
Hatschbach found this plant growing in "brejo" and describes
the color of the corollas on his no. 33586 as "lilac".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 25327 (W--
2706935), 33586 (Ld).
>
XVERBENA MOECHINA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 257. 1974.
The Engelnann s.n. cited below consists only of floral dissec-
Ga OnS\.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.
ne (E~—117332).
VERBENA MONACENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 371. 1972.
The Moldenke collection, cited below, from an altitude of 1550
feet, had its corollas rose-pink in color when fresh and was
flowering in January. The bractlets are shortly triangular and
the calyx pubescence is appressed and sparse. It has been con-
fused with V. tenera Spreng. and I suspect that much of the cul-
tivated material now going under that name is actually V. monacen-
sis.
~ Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Ceylon: Collector undesigna-
ted sen. [Dickapitiya, Aucust 23, 1958] (Pd); Moldenke, Moldenke,
& Jayasuriya 26150 (W--276)25).
VERBENA MONTEVIDENSIS Sprenc.
a bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 252 & 257.
1974.
Lossen 466, cited below, is a mixture with V. gracilescens
(Cham.) Herter.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 23),6) (W--
2706626). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Lossen 66, in part (Z--93030).
VERBENA NEOMEXICANA (A. Gray) Small
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 258--259.
197h.
The L. C. Higgins 7317, uistributed as V. neomexicana, is actu-
ally V. perennis Wooton,
VERBENA NEOMEXICANA var. HIRTELLA Perry
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 258--259.
197.
Dressler encountered this plant in wash bottoms. The corollas
are said to have been "blue" when fresh on Dressler 68.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 357
Additional citations: Nii MEXICO: Socorro Co.: Fleetwood 670
(W--2706257). LEXICO: Baja California: Dressler 61,8 (E--1718037) .
VERBENA NIV=A hioldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 376. 1972.
Additional citations: ARGWNTINA: Salta: Venturi 1001) (E--
980806--isotype).
VERBENA OFFICINALIS L.
Additional bibliography: Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 50
(1): 237. 1930; R. M. Carleton, Ind. Common Names Herb. Pl., pr. 1,
42, 60--62, 64, 69, 81, 92, 96, 105, 107, 116, 120, & 125 (1959)
emopr we, 2, 60--62, 6,69, 81, 92:96, 105, 107, 116.) 120, &
125. 1962; Fong, Trojankova, Trojdnek, é Farnsworth, Lloydia 39:
147. 1972; Rigual Magallon, Fl. & Veg. Prov. Alicant. 341. 1972;
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291. 1974; Moldenke, Phytologia 28:
2h1 & 259--26)4. 1974.
The corollas on Grant 16081 are said to have been "pale-laven-
der" when fresh, Carleton (1959) records the additional vernacu-
lar names "holy-plant", "hyssop", "pigeon-grass", and "setywall"
for this plant, noting that "pigeon-grass" is applied also to the
genus Setaria and "hyssop" is applied also to Gratiola, Hyssopus,
and Teucrium pseudohyssopus. The name, "Herb-Grace", previously
recorded for Verbena officinalis, is applied also to Ruta craveo-
lens.
Hartwell (1971) records the following uses for V. officinalis:
as a plaster in the treatment of parotid tumors; the juice in a
cerate for parotid tunors and for tumors in general; in China in
the treatment of tumors, first recommended in the Liing-i-pie-lu in
502 A.0.3 as a poultice for tumors in the neck; in Wales as an in-
eredient of "The Grace of God" remedy for morbid granulations;
according to 0. brunfels in the treatment of indurated veins; in
Liexico for tumors; in China for tumors ana cancer; as a cataplasm
according to Loureiro for tumors of the scrotum and spleen in In-
dochina; trituratec for tumors of the abdominal viscera; in Sicily
in the treatment of polypus; in Brazil as a poultice for tumors;
and in Argentina as a decoction for tumors. he records it as a
Chinese herb medicine in the treatment of malignant tumors.
Watt & Breyer-B3randwijk (1962) give another lengthy discussion
of its chemistry and medicinal uses: "used overseas as a popular
medicine for fever, anaemia, dropsy, pleurisy and scrofula, as a
bitter, aphrodisiac, antineuralgic and antirheumatic and for
wounds....i1t has also been used for chronic eczema, chronic bron-
chitis and menstrual disorders and as a diaphoretic.....i¥e have
not heard of the plant being used as a household remedy in South-
ern and Jastern Africa. The plant has a diuretic action in the
rat and is also anthelmintic.....as well as being irritant.....
Quisumbing....gives details of many uses. The plant has been used
in the past as a charm and has been recarded as a holy object....
The flowering top contains a bitter crystalline l-rotatory ¢luco-
side verbenalin Cy 7Fo¢01 mp 180.3-181.5° and soluble in water and
358 PHY TOLOGZA Vol. 28, no.
alcohol. It is said to be non-toxic.....Invertin and emulsin are
also present and the sugar of the glucoside is c-glucose.....e.
Cheym.ol.....nas made an extensive study of the glucoside and car-
bohydrates of the plant. The flower contains 13.28 per cent of
reducing sugars. The glucoside verbenaloside increases in amount
in the stem, diminishes during seed formation and accumulates in
the root in autumn along with stachyose. Holste....nas isolated
0.2) per cent of verbenalin from the plant and gives the melting
point as 178°, while Asano et al......have found 0.36) per cent
with the formula ©17H2),P10 mp 179°. Hydrolysis of verbenalin
yields 0 per cent of verbenalol Cj9F}70), mp 13° and glucose.....
Karrer et al.....also suggest the coe C17Ho),079 mo 180-1° for
verbenalin, their product yielding 60 per cent of the aglycone
verbenalol C11H)),00 mp 12°. Verbenalol yields a viscid oil, pos-
sibly C7 340906 bp 110-90 Verbenalin is identical with cornin iso—
lated from Cornus eae, Me
"Another clucoside veroenin, which resembles verbenalin chemic-—
ally and pharmacologically, has been isolatec and testec....In
small doses it stimulates and in larcse doses inhibits the sympa-
thetic nerve endings of the epidermal mucous glands of the heart
and blood vessels and of the intestines and salivary glands....Iin
the mammal it produces a vigorous and lengthy secretion of milk..
The root yields 23.2 per cent of crystalline stachyose and the
stem 13.7 per cent....The effect of dessication on the constitu-
ents of the plant has been studied......A volatile oil has also
been isolated.
"Verbenalin produces stimulation of the motor activities of the
central nervous system in the frog, followed in the case of large
doses by stupor, clonic and tetanic convuisions and finally paraly-
sis.....-1n mammals is produces little effect apart from stimulation
of the uterus, causing an increase of tonus and a strengthering of
the contractions.......Pamnel...states that the plant is irritant
but this is open to doubt. Verbenalin hastens blood coagulation..
The plant has been suspected of causing the death of cattle in New
South Wales....Antibiotic tests have proved negative....." Rimpler
£ Schafer (1973) have recently isolated a chertical substance which
they call hastatocid from this species and V. hastata L.
Grieve (1967) summarizes the historic aswacten ct the plant as
Cliows: "The name Vervain is derived from the Celtic ferfaen, from
er (to drive away) and faen (a stone), as the plant was much used
for affections of the tladder, especially calculus. Another deri-
vation is fiven by some authors from Herba veneris, because of the
avhrodisiac properties attricuted to it by the Ancients. Priests
used it for sacrifices, and hence the name Herba Sacra. The name
vemena was the classical Noman name for 'altar-plants' in general,
and for this species in particular. The cruids included it in their
lustral water, and magicians and sorcerers employed it largely. It
was used in various rites and incantations, anc by ambassadors in
making leagues. Bruisec, it was worn arounc the neck as a charm
against headaches, and also against snake anda other venomous bites
a
aL
Lr
al
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 359
as well as for general good luck. It was thought to be good for
the sight. Its virtues in all these directions may be due to the
legend of its discovery on the Mount of Calvary, where it staunch-
ed the wounds of the crucified Saviour. Hence, it is crossed and
blessed with a commemorative verse when it is gathered. It must
be picked before flowering, and dried promptly.....
"The plant appears to contain a peculiar tannin, but it has not
yet been properly analysed [see the preceding paragraphs!]....1t is
recormended in upwards of thirty complaints, being astringent, dia-
phoretic, antisvasmodic, etc. It is said to be useful in inter-
mittent fevers, ulcers, ophthalmia, pleurisy, etc., and to be a
rood galactogogue. It is still used as a febrifuge in autumn fevers.
As a poultice it is good in headache, ear-neuralgia, rheumatisn,
etc. In this form it colors the skin a fine red, giving rise to
the idea that it has the power of drawing the blood outside. A
decoction of 2 oz. to 2 quart, taken in the course of one day, is
said to be a good medicine in purgings, easing pain in the bowels.
It is often applied externally for piles. It is used in homoeo-
pathy. Fluid extract, 1/2 to 1 drachn." Grieve actually attrib-
utes all these properties to both V. officinalis and/or V. hastata.
Beals (1917) gives us more fascinating detail o! this plant's
folk history. She begins by quoting E. B. Browning (in "Aurora
Leigh") :
ub You enchant me
Sweet verbena! which being brushed against,
Will hold you three hours after by the smell,
In spite of long walks on the windy hills.
"Verbena was an olc Latin name for the flower that was later
known throughout Europe as vervain. Both names mean a green bough.
As an holy herb, it was held in the highest veneration by both
Greeks and xomans, and marvelous qualities were attributed to it,
not the least of which was the power of reconciling the bitterest
enemies. It bore a prominent part in the official life of both
nations. When the Romans felt that they had been treated discourt-
eously by any of their neighbors, it was their custom to select
four heralds from the members of the fetiales, whose duty it was
to maintain the forms of international relationship, act as cuardi-
ans of the public faith, and demanc redress. These four selected
one of their number to act as spokesman, who was sometimes the
pater patratus or president of the college, but more generally he
was merely a member and known as the verbenarius. Clothed in
their priestly robes, wearing the insignia of their office, and
preceded by the verbenarius, who in addition to his other vestments
wore a white woolen band around his head, together with a wreath of
the sacred verbena, gathered within the enclosure of the Capitoline
Hill, and all bearing boughs of the same sacred vlant, they advan-
ced to the place where their negotiations were to be conducted. If
war was decided upon, the verbenarius and his colleagues, wearing
wreaths of verbena, approached the confines of the hostile terri-
tory. Throwing across the boundary a spear tipped with iron, and
having a sprig of the holy herb bound upon its point, a solemn
360 PHY TO L0G TA Vol. 28, no.
declaration of war was announced, and Jupiter was called upon to
witness the justice of their cause. All treaties were approved
by the college before they became effective and war was not de-
clared until the demand for rearess had first been made.
"Tt was with water, in which this plant had been steeped,
that the festal table of Jupiter was cleansed just before the
feasts, which were prepared in the capitol by the septenviri in
his honor. If the water was also used to sprinkle the banquet-—
ing couches before a feast, the merriment anc hilarity was said
to be thereby greatly promoted. Fletcher, in the "Faithful
Shepherdess', wrote:
And those light vervain, too, thou must go after,
Provoking easy souls to mirth and laughter.
"Tt was likewise used to cleanse houses in the belief that it
kept away evil spirits. It was known as Juno's tears. A few
leaves were worn on the person as a protection from harm. Romulus
anc Tatius, the Sabine, who rules with him for seven years, are
reported to have ordered that branches of the plant should be
sent to them as a New Year's offering to insure their good fortune
during the ensuing year. It was a favorite bridal flower. Roman
brides were considered fortunate who wore a wreath which they
gathered themselves. This tradition is doubtless the origin of a
custom which has, until recently, been in vorue in some parts of
Germany, where a bride is presented with a hat made of the blos-
soms, which she mst wear during the ceremony.
"In Persia it was held in scarcely less veneration than among
the Greeks and Romans. The priests of the temples of the sun al-
ways wore branches of it in their hands when they approached the
altar, and the gathering of the plants was attended with much
solemnity. It must take place at a time when neither the sun nor
the moon was visible. The roots were carefully cut below the
surface and honey from the comb was poured into the place thus
left vacant to appease the earth for robbing it of so precious a
possession.
"The magicians of the Hast also used it as a symbol of enchant-
ment. They were responsible for the belief that if one smeared
the body all over with the juice of the herb he would obtain what-—
ever he might desire. He would also be enatled to cure any dis-
ease and reconcile those who were at enmity.
"Among the Druids of ancient Briton the plant was known by the
name of vervain or holy herb. Almost the same ceremonies were ob-
served in cutting it as were in vogue among the Persians, but
with the restriction that the left hand only must be used. The
leaves, stocks, and flowers were dried sep2rately, and when mixed
with wine were considered a certain cure for serpents' bites. At
the time of gathering of the mistletoe, a herald, clothed in white
and bearing in his hands verbena branches, encircled by serpents,
accompanied the druidic procession. ‘hen performing their daily
task of feeding the never-dying fires in the temple, the priests
spent half an hour in prayer, before the altar, holding in their
hands branches of the sacred herb. One writer on antiquities
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 1
states that the verbena was as especiaily holy to the priestesses
as the mistletoe was to the nriests. No one was allowed to touch
it with the hand, and when it was gathered it sust be at the full
moon. A string was looped over the plant and then fastened to
the toe of a young maid, who pulled until it was uprooted. ‘Zhe
oldest druidess then threw a cloth over it anc gathered it up. It
was used in the sacred rites for offerings to the sods anc mecic-
inally as a cooling remedy.
"During the liddle Ages the plant still retained its po:ularity.
It was prescribed as a remedy for thirty different ailments, and
for this reason was known as simples [=simplers'] joy. in spite
of the fact that it was used by witches for working their spells
it was also used to combat the enchantments. Aubrey quotes the old
English proverb: 'Vervain and dill hinder witches in their will’.
Dill is a flowering plant used in medicine. On Christmas Eve
great bonfires were built, and the young men and maidens cancedc a-
round them, wearing wreaths anc garlands of vervain. Any young
woman who gave to her lover a garland gathered and woven by her
own hands insured his fidelity for at least all that year. (iven
now the superstition of its efficacy as a love-philter has not
entirely died out in some parts of England. A knot of vervain
tied with white satin ribbon is still worn as a preventive of
ague. french peasants gather the plant under certain phases of
the moon, hoping with its magical assistance to charm those whose
affection they desire. The Hungarian gipsies call it the lock-
opening herb, saying that if a small incision is made in the palm
of the hand, and a tiny piece of the leaf placed in the cut, the
wound being allowed to heal over, one will be able to open all
bolts and bars with a single touch. It is confidently asserted
that therein lay the secret of the success of all the most famous
brigands of old.
"The plant is not without religious association. As late as
the seventeenth century it was knowm in Brittany as the herb-of-
the-cross. The Reverend John white, in 162), wrote of it:
"Hallowed be thou, vervain, as thou growest in the ground,
For on the Mount of Calvary thou first wert found.!
"Ben JOnson referred to the sacredness of the plant when he
wrote: 'Bring your garlands and with reverence place the vervain
on the altar.!"
She then follows with a description of xVertena hybrida Voss
and its perioc of popularity in cultivation, but implies that
this is still the same classical verbena about which she previous-
ly wrote so well. This, of course, is not true. Then she returns
again to the classical species, saying "It has never held a prom-
inent place in literature. Virgil refers to it as a symbol of en-
chantment. The earlier English writers made frequent allusions
both to its classical associations and to the superstitions con-
nected with it during their own time. Dr. Johnson says that
Satan has no power over a maiden who wears vervain and St. Johns-
wort about her. But elsewhere it appears that when it is gather-
ed a cross must first be made over it and then a prayer said.
362 P Boy D0) LO iGVi2k Vol. 28, nos
Thereupon it is said to have been ‘crossed and blessed’.
"Another old book says that to prepare a magic staff there
must be put into a hollow place in it seven leaves of vervain,
which must have been gathered on the eve of St. John the Baptist,
and a stone of divers colors, which must be founc in the nest of
a bird called the lapwing. The hollow must be stopped up with
boxwood. The staff, among other things, will preserve him who
carries it fron robbers, wild animals, and mad dogs. It does not
seem to have attracted modern writers » Ll
Irwin * Wills (1961) tell us that V. officinalis is "a garden
plant sometimes escaped in Texas, formerly of great repute as a
remedy for eye diseases, its 'bright-eyed' corolla supposedly
indicating its virtues in that direction." Aithouch I have to
date examined 225,000 specimens of this group from 307 herbaria,
I have not yet seen a specimen of it from Texas, either wild or
cultivated, xVerbena hybrida Voss is the one with the bright "eye!
Grant found it crowing on disturbed archeological mounds in
Tran. Rigual Magallon (1972) reports it as a member of the so-
called Brachypodion phoenicoides ecologic community.
It should probably be noted here that the Angely (1971) ref-
erence in the synonymy and bibliography of Verbena officinalis
was previously cited by me -- as it has been by other writers --
as "1970". This is the title-page date, but the work was appar-
ently not actually published until 1971. The illustration
given by Woodward (1931 & 1969) as V. officinalis actually rep-
resents V. supina L. instead.
In the Fuchs (152) work the text relating to V. officinalis is
on De 591; the plate on p. 592 represents Sisymbrium officinale
but is qapeled "Yerbenaca recta sive mas", while the plate on p.
593 really represents V. officinalis but is labeled "Verbenaca
supina sive foemina". This is a mis-application of both pre-
linnean names -- the former should apply to V. officinalis and the
latter to V. supina. a
The Repton 6, distributed as V. officinalis, is actuaily V.
brasiliensis Vell., while J. T. Curtis Sn. ica 21g Aha ave
domingensis Urb.; Godfrey 56533a and Thomas & al. 13801 are V.
halei Small; Dress & Hansen pun is V. halei f. roseiflora (Benke)
Moldenke; ve 2999 is V. hispida Ruiz & Pav.; Hoover 4161 is V.
lasiostachys Link; 5. k. Balls 13802 is Vv. lasiostachys va var. sep-
tentrionalis Noldenke; aes 6152, Krapovickas, Cristébal, _
Arbo, Marufia Maruflak , Larufiak, & Irigoyen 1663, and Rodin 3917 are ve
lit Salinas H.B. kej Prin Pringle 8534 is. is V. menthaefolia Denth.; Norman
sen. [1.7.1960] is V. off icinalis var. prostrata Gren. & Godr.;
Poulos 201, Gonstable 5199, Faure son, [5 Mai 1911], and V.
Tackholm s.n. [Spring 199], s.n. (2/L/1961), and s.n. [Merseh
Matruh] are re V. supina f. erecta anak Abedin 2a is V. tem-
Mahdi, es Sis) setts [16/8/1971] are aBe ‘oct.
dai tional citations: MARYLAND: Cecil Co.: Steele s.n. [July 21,
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 363
1396) (W--364233); ard sen. [June 23, 1373] (v--14753h). Charles
Co.: Leonard % Killip Zp 507 (i--12200L5). VINCIWIA: Alexandria
City: Norton s.n. [5-5-15} (W--643001); Pollard s.n. [July 15,
1395] (W--307209); Vasey % Coville s.n. [July 22, 1838) Gi
260946, W--2761 2c),). Dak: Ls iK: Lindhardt Ss. [19- 8-193] (Gz).
PRANCZ: Letacq 163 (D1--171250); pe ae sen. [1879/21/7] (Gz,
Gz); Zetterstedt 1050 50 (P 1-1, 7533), PALEN: Stud. Biol. Rheno-
Trai. 64-201 (GZ). PORTUGAL: Rainha 2079 (Ba). GEHMANY: Degener
—_—_—_———
& Degener 32912 (Ac, Ld); Hupke s.n. SoM. [ake 7.1968] (Gz); H. G. Sim-
mons s.n. [29 juli 1893] (E1—2619 35 5). LIECHTENSTEIN: Degener &
Degener 33253 (Ac, Ld). CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Eohemia: Sommer s.n. (15.
VII.1910] (Ba). ITALY: Live & Live 721 (B1--268589). CYPRUS:
Casey 1620 (Ba). “STCILY: ': Todaro 697 (Gz). UNION OF SOCIALIST
SUVIaT RSPUBLICS: Armenia: Vulkijanian % Aslanian s.n. [29.VII.
1959] (Ba). Terek: Gordiagin s.n. [15.Vi1.1912] (Ba). BGYPT:
Ascherson * Schweinfurth ‘B09 (Gz, Gz); Batanouny s.n. [10/8/
1956] (Gz, G2); Boulos 250 (Gz), sen. [8/9/1952] (Gz), sen. (2.
8.195h] (G2), sen. [17/7/1959] (Gz); Collector undetermined s.n.
(Gz); El-Megid s.n. sen. [16/11/1929] (Gz, Gz, Gz); Fadeel s.n. [oar
3/1953) (Gz); Fawzi sen. [27/3/1953] (G z);3 Hadidi s.n sen. [10/2/1952]
(Gz), Sen. (13.8.1967] (Gz); Hadidi, Kassas, & Chruk sen. [17.3.
1967} (Gz); Hadidi 2 Khattab s.n. sen. [31/8/196 27] aC Gz); Hadidy s.n.
[25/1/1952] (Gz); P. Hartmann sen. [16.3.07] (Gz), son. [ 3-V-1911]
(32); Hassib s.n. [20/7/1929] (Gz, Gz, Gz), s.n. [28/7/1929] (Gz,
Gz), s.n. [11/2/1931] (Gz, Gz, Gz), sen. [Feb. b. 1931] (Gz, Gz, Gz);
Ibrahin, Mahdi, Sisi, & Aziz Sen. [22/6/1973] (Gz); Imam s.n. (13.
9.1971] (Gz, Gz), sen. [1).9.1971] (Gz); Iman, Tbrahin, | & Mahdi
Sen. [21/8/1970] (Gz), sen. [4/9/1970] (Gz, a ae aide [<7,71972]
(Gz, Cz); Imam, Ibrahin, 1» Mahdi, & Sisi s.n. [18/3/1971] (Gz, Gz);
Loufty, Iman, au, (hvala, ‘abd, | 2: Sisi son. [22/9/1971] (Gz); Kus-
tafa & Sabat s. sen. [28/8/1928 j (cz, Z, G2)3 5- S. Sen. [23 June 1880)
(Gz); Sabet s.n. sae (ee/lyen (Gz, Gz); Samir, Ghabbouv, Ibrahim,
& Mahdi s.n. [25/9/1970] (Gz, Gz); Sisi s.n. (21,/5/1973] (Gz); Ge
Tckhola s.n. [24/10/1926] (Gz), Sone n. [22/11/1926] (Gz); Ve. Teck=
holm s.n. [25/3/1949] (Gz), sn. [30.8.1961] (Gz, Gz), sn. (1h/
7/1962] (G2); = & Zlsayed s.n. [19/11/1961] (Gz, Gz);
Tackholn, Imam, . Hadidi sen. [3/11/1967] (Gz); Tackholm & Kassas
17 (Gz); Tackholn, “Nabil, Ibrahim, & Mahdi s.n. [10/11/1968] (Gz).
SUDAN: Drar & Mahdi 2032 (Gz), 239k (Gz). SOUTH AFRICA: Natal:
J. ki. Wood 473 (Pd). ARABIA: Hedjaz: Khattab kK K.ub5 (Gz), K.1515
(Gz). Yemen: Srydolf s.n. (2h/5/1972] (Gz); Khattab K. 33h (Gz) « (Gz).
JORDAN: V. Tackholm sen. [14/7/1962] (Gz). IRAN: Grant 16081 (E—
2144213). AFGHANISTAN: Koelz 1326 (W--2193793). PAKISTAN: Balu-
chistan: Ali 1111 (Kh), 1222 (Kh). Sind: Abedin 2735 (Kh), 7522
(Kh), 7740 (Kh), 8202 (Kh); Farooqi 6 (Kh), 1h (Kh), 2161 (Kh);_
364, P HovetT Orc". Galak Vol. 28, no.
Paroogi @ Jaiser 2769 (Kh), 2797 (Kh), 3421 (Kh); S. Khan 893
(Kh); Qaiser 2h (Ea Coy (xh), 343 (Kh, Kh Kh); Qaiser & Ghafoor
1659 (hye 2 1674 (Kh), 1851 (Eh), "4892 (Kh); Qureshi 263 (Knees
[25-5-1963] (Kh). SIKKIM: J. D. Hooker s.n. [alt. 6000 ped. ] (ay.
INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s.n. [5-6000 pec.] (Pd).
Manipur: G. Watt 7368 (Pd). “Uttar Pradesh: Wallich 1825/h (Pd,
Pd). BURWA: Khalil s.n. [Fort Stedman, 1893] (Pd). CHINA: Kiang-
su: Chang 2999 (Ba). JAPAN: Honshu: Ohwi sen. [Jul. 25, 1928]
(Ba); Ckamoto s.n. [Oct. 18, 1933] (Ba). Kyushu: Oldham 619 (Pd).
RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPSLAGO: Irabu & Shimoji: Okuhara & Sunagawa 81
(W--2623874). Ishigaki: F. R. Fosberg 372h) (W--2628875). Miyako:
F. Re. Fosberg 38169 (w--2628370) , 3837) (W--2628871) , 38613 (W--
2629372). Taketomi: F.R. Fosberg 37559 (W--2628876). AUSTRALIA:
New South Wales: J. G. . omith sen. (Bourke, Aug. 2, 1891] (E-—-
11805). CULTIVATED: India: Collector ngeceeed s.n. [Botani-
cal Garden] (Pd). LOCALITY CF COLLSCTION UNDETERMINGD: Collector
undetermined s.n. {Baparia, 9th March 1802] (Pd), s.n. [Baparia,
1302))(Pa) 5 sia 1. (Pda); MeGuna s.n. [Port Philly] (Pays
VaRENA OFFICINALIS var. DENSIFLORA Regel & Winkler ex B. Fedtsch.
inQ. A. & B.A. Fedtsch., Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 122, hypo-
nym. 1913.
Bibliography: B. Fedtsch. inO. A. & B. A. Fedtsch., Consp.
Fl. Turkest. 5: 122. 1913; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres—
ber. 60 (2): 575. 19413 Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 231. 1973.
Fedtschenko (1913) cites, probably as the type of this variety,
QO. A. Fedtschenko s.n., collected on August 2, 1869, in Turkestan.
VERBENA OFFICINALIS var. GAUDICHAUDII Eriq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 26. 1972.
Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Burke 55 (Pd).
VERBENA OFFICINALIS var. PROSTRATA Gren. *% Godr.
Adcitional bibliography: J. Torr., Fl. N.Y. 2: 52. 183; Mol-
denke, Phytolocia 2h: 27 (1972) and 28: 26). 197h.
It’ seams rather obvious, judging from the description which he
gives and the common name which he proposes, that the "Verbena
souria, Linn." of Torrey (183) is actually V. officinalis var.
prostrata. He speaks of the stem as prostrate and divaricately
branched and calls the plant "Procumbent Vervain". He says that
he found it in "Sandy fields in the suburbs of New-York, and near
Albany", flowerinz from August to November. The former locality
is most probably on Long Island in what is now Queens County.
oe citations: SiITZERLAND: Norrman s.n. [1.7.1960]
(Gz). Sa
VERBENA OFFICINALI-VHNOSA Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328.
18,0.
Biblicgraphy: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (180) and ed.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 365
2, 328. 1849; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 23h. 1973.
Paxton (1810) apparently intended this designation for a sup-
posed garden hytrid between V. officinalis L. and V. rigida Spreng.
which he says was introduced into snglish cardens in 15 37 4 fron Ox-
ford and which he describes as an herb havirg bluish flowers,
blooming in August.
XVERBENA OKLANOMENSIS Moldenke
Additional synonymy: "Glandularia canacensis x G. bipinnatifida"
Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 00. 1968. ~ "Verbena bipin-
natifida Nutt. x V. canadensis (L.) Britton" ex Mioldenke, Phyto-
logia 26: 373 a dace in syn. 1973.
Additional piblio¢raphy: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. hieth. Fl. Tax.
83. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 27 (1972) and 26: 373 & 376.
ae Lie
VaARBENA ONCUTTIANA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber.
60 (2): 575. 1941; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 28. 1972.
VERBENA ORIGENES R. A. Phil.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 28--29. 1972.
The corollas on Morrison 17271 are aescribed as having been
ooo
"white-lilac" when fresh.
Additional citations: CHILE: Coquimbo: Morrison 17271 (Ba).
XVERBENA OSTENI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 29. 1972.
. The corollas on Krapovickas, cristébal, & Quarfin 22777 are said
to have been 'white-lilac" when fresh and these collectors describe
the plant as prostrate, growing in rocky campos.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Krapovickas,
Cristébal, & Quarfin 22777 (Z).
VERPENA OVATA Cham.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 29 (1972) and
25: 230. 1973.
Recent collectors have founc this plant growing in "brejo", in
"pajonal", and "en vaga, borde de arroyo", describing it as growing
1.2--2 m. tall, flowering and fruiting (in addition to months pre-
viously reported by me) in March. The corollas on Hatschbach, Smith,
& Klein 28218 are said to have been "lilac" in color 7 ae fresh anc
those on hrapovickas, Cristébal, Arbo, Maruflak, Maruflak, & Irigoyen
17069 were "blue",
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parana: Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein
26218 a N, W—2706776). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: jespoicins,
—?F_ ——_-——) —_____—__——? =
366 P Hoy D0) 170'G) Tek Vol. 28, no. 4
VERBENA PARAGUARIENSIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2): « AOMee
Additional citations: PARAGUAY: T. Rojas s.n. aiete 9751]
(E--1575069--isotype) . ae
VERBENA PARODII (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 21 & 30
(1972) and 28: 256. 197).
Vervoorst encountered this plant crowing at 3700 meters alti-
tude, in fruit in March. The corollas are said to have been
Mpale rosy—blue" on SUTsenseD 1613 & 1737. laterial has been mis-
identified and distributed in some herbaria as Vv. microphylla
H ok eK s
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: JtUrgensen 1613 (E—
808173), 1737 (E--823769); Vervoorst 3197 (Ea).
VERBENA PARVULA Hayek
Additional citations: R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18):
171. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 30--31. 1972.
Rufiz—Teran & Lépez-Figueiras describe this plant as a "hierba
sufruticulosa inerme, 20--30 cm., erecta hasta decumbente; flores
moradas; escasa" and found it flowering and fruiting in July.
Johnson found it fruiting in October.
Additional GT eabsOnss VENEZUELA: Trujillo: Rufz-Teran & Lépez—
Figueiras 2327 (N). PERU: Cuzco: E. L. Johnson 6309 (B1--55079) «
BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: de Steinbach 8729 (B--989726) .
VERBENA PAULENSIS lioldenke
Additional 2 emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeo-
eG. Os Paulo, ed. 1, ls dO & xix, map 1395. 1971; Moléenke Eige
tolocia 2s; 32. 1972.
The Angely (1971) reference cited above was previously errone-
ously cited by me as "1970", the title-page date, but the work was
not actually published until 1971.
VERBENA PEDICELLATA Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: )31--l,32. 1973; Moldenke,
Biol. Abstr. 56: 3000. 1973.
Citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 30513 (W—2705730--
isotype, Z-—type).
VERBENA PERAKI2 (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, hiod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
89. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 32. 1972.
In addition to the months previously recorded by me, this spe-
cies has been collected in fruit in March.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Salta: Venturi 10301 (E--9879 39) .
VERBENA PERENNIS Wooton
Additional bibliography: Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp.
Ariz. Fl. 112 (thesis]. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 32--33 & 257.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 367
1972.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in mesquite
grasslands, on limestone with oak, juniper, and sotol, and in
gravelly soil of the pinyon-juniper ecologic community.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: ‘/arnock 21827 (E1—
50033). Culberson Co.: Marcks & Marcks 1310 (Mi, Ws). NEW MEXICO:
Bddy Co.: Cutak & Christ 67 (E—1286438), 9h, (E—1286438); L. C.
Higgins 7317 (N); Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3656 (N); Weber &
Cronquist 1177 (B1--172023).
VERBENA PERENNIS var. JOHNSTONI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 33. 1972.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: H. Hernandez Silis
[18/V/1965] (Ws).
XVERBENA PERRIANA Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliocraphy: Rydb., Fl. Prairies 2 Plains,
pr. 1, 678. 1932; Feli, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; nydb., Fl.
Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 678. 1971; Koldenke, Phytolosia 2h:
33--3 & 250 (1972) and 28: 196. 197.
Fell (1955) says of this plant in Wiinnebago County, Illinois:
"A hybrid on the C. & N. W. Ry. track near U. 5S. Rt. No. 51 tends
to be more upright, the bracts are short and the leaves less divi-
ded (X perriana)." Muehlenbach describes the plant as having its
stems more or less procumbent, and found it growing along railroad
tracks in St. Louis, Missouri, flowering anc fruiting in July.
The Engelmann collection cited below consists solely of floral
dissections of this hybrid, its parental species, and related taxa.
Additional citations: MISSOURI: Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.
n. (E--117332); Muehlenbach 3754 (Z). LvCaLITY OF COLLECTION Ui-
DETERKINED: Collector undetermined 611) (Z--118387) .
ENA PERUVIANA (L.) Britton
Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena chamaedryoides Hort. ex
Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 909. 1933. Verbena pervvia-
na Moldenke ex Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 80,
sphalm. 1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 189; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. & ied.
2: 158. 1860; Fournier, Quat. Fl. France 807, fig. 3352 (2). 1861;
Gibert, Znum. Pl. Montevid. 42. 1873; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 58 (1): 845 [275]. 1938; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2):
909 (1933) and 58 (2): 668. 1939; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jah-
resber. 59 (2): h17 (1939) and 60 (2): 573. 191; Rambo, An. Bot.
Herb. Barb. Rodr. 1: 126. 199; Reitz, sellowia 6: 254. 1954; R. C.
Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18h: 171. 1958; Draga, Pl. Nordest., ed.
2, 476. 1960; Reitz, Sellowia 13: 67 & 110. 1961; Craft, Exotica 3:
1,82 & 1733. 1963; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 2: 2266.
1966; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 86—89 & 92. 1968;
Reitz, Sellowia 22: 15. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S.
Paulo, ed. 1, h: 840 & xix. 1971; Amaral Franco in Tutin & al., Fl.
368 PHYTO, L10vG sna Vol. 28, no.
Bes, 2 22a 19 725. pee Good Housekeep. Ill. incycl. Gard.
15: 2303. 1972; ncke & Duchheim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanz—-
ennam,, ed. 10, 520. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320. 1972;
Skinner, Ornament. Pl. Coastal Northw. 75. 19725 Moldenke, Phy to=
logia 2h: 3h—39, 48, 49, 137, 1h0, 1:7, & 234 (1972) and 25: 23)
2 Oh. 1973; Moléenlze in Woedson, Schery, & al., Ann. Ko. Bot.
Gard. 60: U5 & 143. 1973; Tutin in Tutin & Bully yelbc ee 3: 369.
1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 116, 200, 206, 221, & 258. 197.
Additional illustrations: Fo ornier, cuat. rl. France 807, fig.
3352 (2). 1861; Graf, uxotica 3: 1182. 1963.
Additional vernacular names recorded for this species are
"formosa sem dote", "jurujuba", and "verveine a feuilles de
Chamaedrys". Kecent collectors describe the plant as a semipros-—
trate, decumbent, or low mat-forming herb. Hatschbach & Koczicki
found it "encostas graminosas de morro", The corollas are de-
scribed as having been "red" on Krapovickas, Cristébal, Liroginski,
& Eemnandes 22288 and Rosengurtt & Gallinal 569h, "bright-red" on
Dress 729, and "vermillion" on Hatschbach & Koczicki 27219; on
Be Be Me Bates 96 and J. V. Pancho 31 they are described as "corolla-
lobes RHS [oyal Horticultural Society] Orient Red 319".
Paxton (18)0) avers that the species was imtroduced into culti-
vation in England in 1327.
Graf (1963) describes the cultivar "Chiquita" as a "pretty,
trailing plant with small foliage, and numerous clusters of flow-
ers gayly striped lavender with white, reminding fone] of a pepper-
mint stick" and the cultivar "Flame" as a "low carpet-forming
prostrate perennial, in its original form, with crimson flowers,
at homs in Peru, Uruguay, and So. Brazil; the first creeping and
rooting, then ascending branches with Sees te, rougk leaves 1-=2
in. long, and showy clusters of salver-form flovers 1/2 inch wide;
brilliant scarlet in this color-form, an: nearly everblooming, es-
pecially in summer." Dupuis (18560) fives cultural @irections:
"juin-octobre. Semer sur couche en mars et avril, ou bien aussi-
t6t aprés la maturité des zraines. Boutures et marcottes, faites
d'aofit en octobre, relevées en autonne , et mises en pots que l'on
hiverne sous chfssis, pour mettre en pieine terre & la fin de mai.
Pincer l'extrémité des rameaux."
Solbrig (1963) informs us that V. stellarioides Cham. and V.
peruviana will not hybridize where they grow together in the wild,
but will cross with individuals brought in from populations out-
side the particular area. He avers that the normal pollen fertil-
ity in V. peruviana is 93 percent.
It should be noted here that the Angely (1971) reference cited
in the above bibliography was previously erroneously cited by me
as "1970", the title-page date, but the work was not actually
issued untii 1971. The photozraph of Stafford s.n. in the herbar-
ium of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, cited below, is of a sheet pre-
served in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. The
Commerson 72 specimens of which there is also a photograph in the
Bailey Hortorium herbarium, also cited below, are deposited in the
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 9
Paris herbarium, the Cay s.n. spacimen is in the Britton Herbarium
at the New fork Botanical Garden, and the others are at Kerr.
Dr. T. Snrague, in notes to Dr. L. Ue Dailey dated 9/6/2h,
says "V. chamaedryfolia Juss. was based on Srinus peruvianus L.,
which was based on Lychnidaea Veronicae folio flore coccineo
Feuill. Obs. iii. Ist. Pl. ked. 36, t. 25, fic. 3 (1725). The
specimens (if any) collected by Feuillée do not appear to have
been creserved. lience Feuillée's figure and description should
be used as standard for purposes of identification....V. lelindres
Gill. ex Lindl. Bot. Nar. t. 118) (1828). The type-specimen is
presumably in Lindley's herbarium at Cambridge. A small specimen
received by Bentham from Lindley in 1829 as V. Lelindres, and a
more complete one cultivated in Jersey in 1832 (Herb. J. Gay.)
are being photographed. They are well authenticated." The Lindley
specimen here ref2arrea to may actually be an isotype or clastotype
of V. melindres
For an artificial hybrid between V. peruviana and V. canadensis
(L.) Britton, see under Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V. peruv-
iana (L.) peitcon in these notes.
The Britton & Britton 237 and the Brown *% Pritton 1728, distrib-—
uted as V. peruviana, are actually xV. “hybrida Voss, Hassler 12335
is V. incisa ae and Schulz & Varela 5128 is V. scrobiculata
Griseb, Herb. Missouri Dot. Gard. 117739 is is a mixture with ve
canadensis (L.) Britton.
~~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Hatschbach
27219 (N); Hatschbach & Koczicki 27219 (Ld). URUGUAY: Commerson
72 [lerb. Jussieu 51)1, in part) (Ba-=photo) j C. Gay s.n. [Lionte-
Video] ST pagal, Herd. Bernhardi s.n. [i fontevideo] (E--1180)5) ;
nosengurtt & Callinal 5694 (Da); Safford sen. [La Paz, Oct. 2h,
1386] oes ee) ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: _ Krapovickas, Griané-
bal, kroginski, & Fernandez 22238 (Ld). Catamarca: nana 102 (E—
368110). SULTIVATSD: - England: Herb. Hort. Lindley s.n. [1829]
(Ba--photo). Jersey: Herb. J. Gay sen. [lhe Aout 1832] (Ba--
photo). Missouri: Engeluann s Sen. [June 182] (E E--117331); Herb.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 117739, in part (E). New York: Dress 729
(Ba), 10502 (Ba). eaieae ylvania: D. ki. Bates 96 (Ba); J. Ve V. Pancho
81 (Ba). Wisconsin: Wanderly Son. .. (is). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS:
Curtis, Bot. Mag. 61: pl. 3333. 183 (Ba--photo); Edwards, Bot.
Rec. 1h: pl. 118). 1828 (Ba--photo); Lodd., Bot. Cab. 16: “pl. 15Ub.
1329 (Ba--photo).
ENA PZRUVIANA (L.) Britton x V. KORICOLOR Moldenke
Synonyuy: Glandularia peruviana x moricolor Solbrig in Eeywood,
Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87 & 89. 1968. "Glandularia peruviana x G.
moricolor" Solbrig in Heywood, Kod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Neth. Pl.
Tax. 87--39. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 38. 1972.
370 P Hey 2 0° L0) Get ek Vol. 28, nosis
VERBENA PERUVIANA (L.) Britton x V. PULCHELLA Sweet
Additional synonymy: Glandularia peruviana x pulchella Solbrig.
in Eeywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 87. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 87. 1968; Lioldenke, Phytologia 24: 4S. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports the normal pollen fertility in this hy-
brid as 70 percent.
VERBENA PERUVIANA f. ROSHA Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Verbena peruviana rosea Moldenke ex Heitz,
Sellowia 22: 15. 1970.
Additional bibliography: Reitz, Sellowia 22: 145.1970; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 2: 39 (1972) and 25: 2h). 1973.
VERESNA PHLOGIFLORA Cham.
Additional synonymy: Verbena megapotamica C phlogiflora (Cham.)
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 256. 1898. Verbena megapotamica #1
i eeSEC (Niven) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 256. 1898. Verbena
phlogifiora var. beta Troncoso, Darwiniana 16: [613]. 1971. ae
melindres latifolia Hort. ex woldenke, Phytologia 26: 377, in syn.
1973. Verbena tweediana latifolia Fargo. in herb. verbo tweed—
diana superba Hort., in herb.
"Additional ¢. emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed.
1, 328 (180) and ed. 2, 323. 1849; Gibert, imum. Pl. Montevid. 12.
1873; 3 Yair & Rehman, Buil. Nat. 5ot. Gard. Lucknow 62) 2, Spacers
pl. 4d fig. 1, € text fie. 1. 19623 Heitz, Sellowia 22: ie. 1970;
Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 840 & xiv, map
1395. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 5), (5): BASIC. 5.106. 19725
Snecke & Buchheim in Zander, Handwtrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520.
1972; Huang, Pollen Fl. Taiwan 2), pl. 163, fig. 8--ll. 1972; S.
Kets, Sills abst. Si: 2319. 19725 be Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 39--l0. 1972; Moidenke in Woodson,
Schery, & al., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: 45 & 148. 1973; iioldenke,
Phytologia 28: 221 & 255. 197).
tmended illustrations: Nair & Rehman, Eull. Nat. Bot. Gard.
Lucknow 76:3, pl. 1, fig. 1, & text fig. 1. 1962.
Recent collectors describe this plant as decumbent or procumbent
and have found it on campos with Pteridium aquilinum, along highways
through secondary woods, in "brejo", and in "orla mata". The corol-
las are described as having been "violet" in color when fresh on
Hatschbach 23670 & 26081 and Hatschbach, Smith, & Klein 23 3)8,
"dark-lilac" on Hatschbach 30783 and Wat senbach & Guimarfes Hes 21,816,
"purple" on Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Marufiak 22995m and "limb pu pur-
ple (2,5 P 6/k), the center darker" on Lindeman & H: & Haas 3008. It is
most probable that the pollen characters enumerated by by Huang (1972)
for this species on the basis of material taken from Hsieh 22)35
apply to Ve hybrida Voss instead (I have not as yet been able to
examine the Hsieh specimen). I would be very much surprised if the
true V. phlogiflora occurs on Formosa.
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 371
The Angely (1971) reference given in the bibliography above
was previously erroneously cited by me as "1970", the title-page
date; th work actually was not pubiishea until ao hy gt lees
According to Paxton (181,0), Verbena phlogiflora was introduced
into cuitivation in England in 1331. The photorraphs cited below
from the L. H. Bailey Hortorium herbarium are all of specimens
deposited in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at kew
with the exceotion of that of Kegnell 1.311 (which is deposited
in the United States National Herbarium in Washinzton) and that of
Sellow s.n. (which was in the herbarium of the Botanisches lLuseum
in Berlin). The Nevin s.n. specimen in the Kew herbarium is the
type of V. tweediana Hook. The Herb. Bentham s.n. [Hort. Soc,
Lond. hort. 1935] specimen is probably the ac actual type of Vv. mel-
indres latifolia Hort, Dr. L. UH. Bailey says of it "Caiyx - stri-
gose-pubescent, svarinsly glandular; sts. simiiar; lvs. strisgose-
hairy both sides" and "Rough to Bie fincer, with stiff hairs often
bulbous-based, appressed on lvs
The Herb. Gay sen. [Jardin du 2 Luxembourg 10 Nov. 182) collec-
tion is probaoly the type of V. buistii Gay. Dr. Bailey says of
it "Rough or scabrous to the feel from many stiff hairs, those on
leaves appressed" -- examination with a handlens shows the lower
leaf-surface and stems densely pubescent, but not with pubescence
of the type seen in xV. hyorida Voss. The other Herb. Cay sone
from the same source is inscribed "Verbena Tweediana Hook. PB. Me
[Bot. Mag.] t. 351" and over the label is written in pencil "Ve
philogiflora & vulgaris Schauer". Dr. Bailey notes of it "Calyx
+ = +
strigose-putescent, sparingly glandular; sts. same. Lvs. stri-
gose-hairy above and below" and "Plant scabrous or rough to the
feel. Hairs stiff, some of them bulbous-based or from papillae".
The second Herb. Bentham specimen from the same source as the
one referred to above is probably the actual tyve of V. tweediana
superba Fort., and Dr. Bailey says of it "Scabrous to rough to
fingers, Sy stiff hairs, on lvs. appressed" and examination un-
der a handlens shows the lower leaf-surface and stems distinctly
pubescent or puberulent. The third Herb. Fentham s.n., also fron
the same source, is probatly the tyze of V. arraniana ana Fort., and
Dr. Bailey, in hie lonshand notes on the sheet, says of it Ncalyx
and sts. strigose-pubescent, sparingly glandular. Lvs.strigose-
hairy both sices" and "Rough or scabrous to the finger, with stiff
hairs, appressed on the lf., often with bulbous bases" -- examin-
ation, again, under a handlens shows a distinct pubescence.
I have no doubt at all that all these authentic specimens re-
ferred to in the above paragraphs represent the very same taxon.
Additional citations: DRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 23670
(Ld), 26081 (Ld). Minas Cerais: Regnell 1.311 [21/10/186L) (za--
photo, Ba—photo). Paran&: Eatschbach 30788 ( (Ld) ; a &
Guimarfes 21,816 (Ac); Hatschbach, omit Smith, & K & Klein 28 28316 (Ld, W——
2706628) ; Lindeman & Haas 3008 (x). RE Rio Grande do Sul: ts Bie,
kas, Cristébal, & Laruflak 22995 (Ld). State undetermined: Sellow
372 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no.
sen. [Macbride photos 34351] (Ea--isotype, Ba--photo of isotype).
CULTIVATSD: England: Herb. Bentham s.n. [Fort. Soc. Lond. hort.
1833; V. arraniana] (Ba, Fa--photo, Ba-~photo), s.n. [Eort. Soc.
Lond. hort, 1838; V. melindres latifolia} (Ba--photo, Fa-—photo) ,
Sm. fHort. Soc. Lond. hort. 1833; Ve tweediana latifolia] (3a--
photo, Ra--vhoto), s. She [Hort soe. “Lond. hort. 15285 Ve | tweedia=
na superba} (Ba, Ba--photo, Ba--photo). France: Herb. Gay Sone
[dardi in du Luxembourg 10 Nov. 182; V. buistii] (Ba, E Ea-- phote,
Ra--photo), SoM. [Jardin du Luxembours 10 Nov. 1342; Ve tweediana J
(Ba--photo, La--photo). Ireland: Nevin s.n. [Glasnevin Dot. Gard.
Dublin] (Ba--photo). MOUNTED ILLUsTRATIONS: Curtis, Bot. liag. 63:
pl. 3541. 1836 (Ea--photo, Pa--photo, Ba--photo); Paxt., hag. Bot.
hs pl. 5. 1838 (Sa--photo, Ba--photo, Ba--photo).
V2REENA PINeTORUL Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Bea ney, List Citations Place Pubi.
Spp. Ariz. Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 0.
TO e.«
VERBENA PLATENSIS Spreng.
Additional synonymy: Verbena teucrioides Hook. ex Dupuis, Nouv.
Fl. Usuel. % Med. 2: 158. 1860. Verbena tencrioides Gill. ex
Gibert, num. Pl. Montevid. 2, sphalm. 1873. Verbena teucriodes
Roberts, Viability of Seeds 308, sphalm. 1972.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328.
1840; Hassall, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9: 550. 182; Paxt., Pock. Bot.
Dict., ed. 2, 328. 189; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. & Med. 2: 158.
1860; Gibert, Enum. Pl. Montevid. 2. 1873; R. Bailey, Good House=
keep. I11. Encycl. Gard. 15: 2303. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zan-
der, Handwtrterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520. 1972; Moldenke, Phy-
tologia 2): l1—-h3. 1972; F. Perry, Fls. World 303 & 320. 1972;
Roberts, Viability of Seeds 308. 1972; ayo Teens in Woodson, Schery,
& al. hens Mo. Bot. Card. 60: 45 & 148. 1973; Moldenke, Phytolo—
cia 25: 221. 197).
Dupuis (1860) describes the flowers of this species as "fleurs
grandes, blanches ou rosées" and calls the plant "verveine fausse
Germandrée", Paxton (18,0) says that it was introduced into cul-
tivation in Mmpgland in 1337. Gallinal an. his associates Gescribe
the flowers as fragrant. The corollas on Callinal, Aragone, Ber-
galli, Campal, ‘: nosengurtt B.81C are ace en ES” having been
"white". Se ee Pe rag
Bailey (1972) describes the plant as "A perennial with yellow-
ish or pinkish fragrant flowers in terminal spikes". Gay (18h9)
comments that "Usta especies es muy notable por la elegancia de
sus flores y el buen olor de jazmin que despiden; se halla igual-
mente entre Santiago y Mendoza y 4 una altura de diez mil piés".
I have seen no material from Chile and suspect that, as in the
case of V. radicata Noidenke, it may occur only in the Argentine
portion of the route aeceuibed by Gay.
The Jérgensen 1297 specimen of which there is a photograph in
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 373
the Bailey Hortorium herbarium is deposited in the United States
National Herbarium in Washington; the other two Failey Hortorium
photographs cited below represent specimens in the herbarium of
the Royal botanic Gardens at Kew, the Gillies s.n. collection
being the type of V. teucrioides 5ill. @ Hook. I have examined
it and it has very long, narrow, coarsely dentate but not lobed
leaves and may very well represent what we now know as var. steno-
des Briq. Ur. T. A. Sprague, in a letter to Dr. Liberty lyde
Bailey dated 9/6/2h, says ny. teucrioides Gill. et Hook. Lot.
Misc. i. 167 (1829) I consider that tne type-specimens are rep-
resented by four small pieces arranged horizontally on a sheet in
Herb. Hook., with the name 'Cillies' written below. They agree
with the original diagnosis, and are being photographed. Sibert
uu, from Nontevideo, a fine specimen of the usual lowland form
of | V. teucrioides is also being photographed, as the type-specimens
fron m 10, 000 ft. Eive a very misleading idea of the sp."
Additional citations: UnUGUAY: Gallinal, Aragone, bergalli, Can-
pal, & Rosengurtt 8.310 (Ea, Ba); Cibert Ty ( (Ba--photo); Kerb.
Dernhardi sen. (E--118052). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: JUrgensen 1 1297
[Herb. Osten 11350], in part (Ba--photo). J/endoza: Gillies s.n.
(Ea--photo). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. in curtis, I Bot. fot. Kage.
65: pl. 369). 1839 (Ba--photo, Ba-~photo. Ba--photo).
VERBENA PLATENSIS var. STENODES Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 3. 1972.
The type collection of V. teucrioides Gill. & Hook., at Kew,
exhibits very long, narrow, very coarsely dentate but not lobed
leaves and may actually represent var. stenodes.
VERBENA PLICATA Greene
‘Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 43—~h6 & Sh.
1972; Burlage, Wild Flow. Pl. Lakes Country th. 1973; Moldenke,
Phytologia 28: 258. 197).
The oo on'C. lio Lundell: wee - 11375 are aes as
"purple-blue" .
Beuevar ele
a)
eid
4
\
k
\
calyx
corolla, opened up pistil coccus
37h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no.
Naber 2
? A
a |
pistil t
coccus
4
\ i ‘ j
\ Sh eel Leia i |
cee ae oa
calyx A 74 | i i)
SRC) ah }
f
L
ye
i SSS
4
Q
(o)
5B
=
Va ae et
5) ee
Os
To}
40)
fs}
oO
on
Eg
ro}
Fig. 1 from barle & Tracy 30; Fig. 2 from Earle & Tracy 413
Fig. 3 from Pringle s.n. [June 8]. lEnlarged.
Burlage (1973) records the common names, "Large-flowered vervain"
and "whitevein verbena", for this species and describes it thus: "The
flowers are generally bluish-lavender but vary from white to laven-
der. They are 1/2 inch broad. They grow in spikes. They are peren-
nial and with numerous stems which form erect clumps that are 1--2
feet high. These bloom from February to May." Higgins encountered
it in sandy soil of mesquite-Yucca-shortgrass and the mesquite-Rhus-
Yucca ecologic communities in Texas and in the Larrea cormunity in
New Mexico
Additional citations: TEXAS: Armstrong Co.: L. C. Higgins ))18
(Mi). Brooks Co.: C. L. Iundell 10827 (Mi). Childress Co.: I. C.
Higgins 7065 (N). Garza Co.: A. Ruth 1289 (Ba). Hall Co.: L. C.
Higgins 7188 (N). dim Hogg Co.: Botello & Ayala 12 (B1--210553).
Mitchell Co.: Lundell @ Iundell 11375 (Mi). Starr Co.: Tharp &
York 51-134 (B1--87391). Webb Co.: Shinners 1767 (B1--91107). Za-
pata Co.: Arizmendi 59 (B1l--1979)0); Guerra, Garcia, Garcia, & Sal-
azar 607 (B1--210761); J. 0. Perez ly (B1--210549). Nav MEXICO:
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 375
Chaves Co.: L. C. Higgins 7023 (N).
VERBENA PULCHSLLA Sweet
Additional * emended bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot, Dict.,
ed. 1, 328 (180) and ed. 2, 323. 1849; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel.
& Med. 2: 10h. 1360; Cibert, Snum. Pl. Nontevid. 3. 18733 oe
in Heywood, lod. veth. Pl. Tax. 86--89. 1968; LESH, Fl. Anal.
Fitoceorr. 9 Paulo, Ode Dyke 840 & xix. 1971; R. Bailey, Cood
Housekeep. Ill. imeycl. Gard. 15: 2303. tind Moldenke, Phytologia
Qi: 219, 233, 236, 230, # 239 (1972), 25: 23h & 2h (1973), and
2d: 208, 2h7, & 255. 197k.
The Angeiy (1971) reference in the above bibliography was prev-
iously erreneously cited by me as "1970", the title-page cate, but
volume S of this work Pago! was not issued until 1971.
Duruis at regards V. tenera Spreng. as synonymous with V.
pulchella, gives the common name as "verveine gentille", anc de-
Ae the plant as "Vivace, cultivée corme annuelle; tises de
TS. [sict], tragantes; fevilles découpées; fleurs bleu violac$
icons: Semer sur couche au commencement du printemns et
repiquer sur couche, ou en pépiniére, en septembre, pour repiquer
et hiverner sous chfssis." Paxton (138)0) states that it was in-
troduced into cultivation in England in 1327. Solorig (1968) re-
ports that its normal pollen fertility rate is 9 percent.
Bailey (1972) refers to V. pulchella as "moss vervain" [a name
more usually applied to V. tenuisecta Briq.] and says of it: "Of-
ten listed in catalogs as V. erinoides. Perennial. frernlike,
deeply cut foliage and showy close-clustered heads of small lav-
ender flowers." It is very possible that he is referring here to
the commonly cuitivated V. tenuisecta rather than to the true V.
pulchella. The "Italian variety" which he mentions is a variety
of V. tenera Spreng.
The } Krapovickas % Cristébal 15588, distributed as V. pulchella,
is actually Ve tenuisecta. var. ala | Yoldenke.
Additional citations: ARGSNTINA: Buenos Aires: A. T. Hunziker
4539 (Z--1305977). XOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Sweet, Frit. Flow. Card.
Je pb. 295. 1929 (3a~-photo, BSa—-photo, Ba~--photo).
VQESNA PULCHSLLA f£. CCROLIA-ALDIDA Paxt., rock. Bot. = ed. 1,
328 [as Npulchelia corolla-albida"]. 1340; I!oldenke, Phytolo-
gia 25: 23h &% hy. 1973.
Synonyny : Yerbena pulchella corolla-albida Paxt., Pock. Bot.
Dict., ed. 1, 329. L3hc. ;
panics graphy: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (130) and
ed. 2, 328. 13195 voldenke, Phytologia 25: 23) & 2h. 1973.
Paxton (i3),0) states that this form was introduced into culti-
vation in England in 133).
VERBENA PULCHRA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. % Fitogeogr. S.
Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 840, map 1395. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 9.
376 Peete OR LEOsG ele Vol. 28, no. 4
MOT =
Recent collectors describe this plant as a decumbent herb,
erowinc to 50 cm. tall, and have found it at the edse of a river
and sia wet mlaces: in: Veeco’ land [inundated campo], flowering in
October and December. The corollas on Hatschbach 25738 are said
bo Mavesecn: Widac Snitcolor when fresh, “inile those on Hat Hatsch-
bach 11769 were "violet".
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 1) 14769 (ee
25733 (Ld). enue
VaRBINA PULILA Rydb.
Additional synonymy: Verbena pimila nydb., in herb.
Sdditional & emended bibliography: Irwin & Wills, Roadside
Fls. Tex. 139--190, pl. 39. 1961; Moldenke, Phytolozia 2): )9--
Fone lo(e wiackeces Wilid@nls .eUnns (3): Sli (Sls, = (oseeaie
196. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 199 & 20h. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Irwin & vide, Roadside Fls. Tex.
pl. 39 (in color). 1961; Rickett, wild mig ad Gorse 6 (3) isa
ol. 196 (in color). 1973.
hecent collectors have encountered this plant in "cajetes" in
cultivated alluvial valleys in pinyon-juniper communities on
rocky hillsides, and in sandy soil of the mesquite-Yucca-short-—
grass ecologic community, and report that the flowers are employ-
ed medicinally in the treatment of earache. The corollas are
said to have been pmagentasrore! on Shinners 13556, "red-violet"
on Messer 22, "rose=pink" on 2. Li. Lundell 109381 are Lundell &
Lundell T1L01, anGeras: nkish-purple with a minute yellow eye" on
Lundell ©: STaeaea 11,35.
Additional citations: OKLAHOMA: Major Co.: Goodman & Waterfall
20h (B1--93126). Murray Co.: Hopkins, MacDowell, & “Copeland
6390 (Ba); Hopkins, Nelson, & Nelson 129 (Gaye TEXAS: Archer
Gow Shinners 13556 (@1--91096), Childress Co.: L. ©. Higsins
7093 (N). Dallas Co.: J. Rteverchon s.n. [Curtiss 1963") (1G).
Betor Co.: Iundell ’: Lundell 12401 Qi). Klebere Co.: Tharp &
York 51-2)0 (B1--3740). icedina Co.: Cc. L. Lundell 10981 (Qi)
Mi). Randall Co.: Iundell & Lundell 11435 (21). Sutton Co.:
aohrbaush 372 (31-—-17,976) . Tarrant Co.: Ruth 110 (Ba). NW
MEXICO: eddy Co.: L. C. Higgins 6743 (N). MEXICO: Oaxaca: Messer
22 (Oka)
VERBENA PUVILA f£. ALBIDA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 51--53. 1972;
Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): Shh. 1973.
VERBENA QUADIANCULATA Heller
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 57 (2): 402. 1933; hioldenke, Phytologia 2): 51--53. 1972.
The corollas are said to have been "pale-lavender" when fresh
on 3. L. Lundell 10692.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 377
The Tharp & York 51-20, distributed as V. quadrangulata, is
actually V. pumila Pyeb.
Additional citations: TUXAS: Cameron Co.: C. L. Lundell 10692
(Mi). Duval Co.: i. C. Johnston 54,106 (B1l--103869). We Webb c0.:
Fowler & nseeeee 108 (B1--197951) ; ¢ Gamez 80 (B1--197982). Zapata
Coe: Barrera & Laurel 90 (Bl—197936); J. ae Rodriguez 30 (Bl--
197937). KE bEXOCO: Tamaulipas: Dominguez M. & McCart 8182 (B1--
19732h) . - ae a ) Pek ey eae
VERBENA RACEMOSA Eggert
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, lod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 88 & 89. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h): al & 53--5 (1972)
and 28: 209. 197k.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Pecos Co.: Cory 53500 (B1l--90687).
VERBENA RADICATA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 328. 189; Wangerin in Just, Eot. Jahresber. 55
(1): 83) (1935) and 56 (1): 669. 1936; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep.
Tin. Eneycol. Gard. 15: 2303. 19725 Woldenke, Phytologia 2h: 5h &
126. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.270. 1973;
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 55: 1287. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Pot. A.
2ye7 291. 197.
Paxton (18),0) asserts that this species was introduced into
cultivation in Sngland in 1832.
Although Gay (1849) records it as growing in the region between
Santiago and Mendoza, I have seen no material of it from Chile as
yet and suspect that, as in the case of V. platensis Spreng., it
may be only in the Argentine section of this area that the plant
occurs. Bailey (1972) describes it as having "Leaves are divided,
flowers lavender and frasrant. Native to the Andes Mountains."
VERBENA RADICATA var. GLABRA (Hicken) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 126. 1972;
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (10): B.A.S.1.C. S.270. 1973; Moldenke, Bi-
ol. Abstr. 55: 1287. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291. 197).
VERBENA RECTA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1,
328--329, fig. 263-C. 1969; hioldenke, Phytclogia 2h: 126--127.
1972.
Illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, fig. 263-
Ga 299).
Recent collectors have encountered this plant in meadows, along
mountain streams, and among oaks, Agave, and many Commelinaceae,
flowering in September, and provera in July and September. Sanchez
Sanchez (1969) found it growing in the pedregal of the Valley of
Mexico, where, he says, it "rlorece por el mes de septiembre". The
corollas on E. E. Noore 3428 are said to have been "deep-blue" when
fresh. da
The S. Lépez 89, distributed as V. recta, is actually V. carolina
378 P Hxer 0 Li0"G 2s Vol. 28, no.
L.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Dunn, Dziekanowski, &
Bolingbroke 20276 (E--2112526). léxico: Lyonnet BENE) (W--2636375).
Morelos: H. &. Moore 3428 (Ba). Puebla: 0. M. OG. M. Clark ark 7348 (E--
UZB7 St
VERBENA RECTILOBA Moldenke, Phytologia 26: hO9. 1973.
Bibliography: Noldenke, Phy tologia 262 09's VOT 2.
Citations: BRAZIL: Rio "Grande do Sul: krapovickas, Cristébal,
& Quarfin 22825 (Z——type) .
VERBENA RIBIFOLIA Walp.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 127. 1972.
Additional citations: LOCALITY CF CCLLACTION UNDiT=mINeD:
Herb, Bernhardi 133 (E—118050).
VERBSNA RIGIDA Spreng.
Emended synonymy: Verbena venosa Cill. ex Gibert, num, Pl.
HNontevid. 3. 1873. ~
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Dot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(180) and ed. 2, 328. 189; Dupuis, Nouv. Fl. Usuel. & Med. 2:
80. 1860; Gibert, Hnum. Pl. Montevid. 3. 1873; Trimen, Handb. Fl.
Ceylon 3: 349. 1895; J. C. & M. Willis, Kev. Cat. Flow. pl. Ceyl.
[Perad. Man. Bot. 2:] 12. 1911; Wangerin inyJust.) Bote PEERS
51 (1): 554 [520]. 1929; Alston in Trimen, Handb. iri Ceylon 6:
231. 1931; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. aca (2): ee 1933; Jex-
Blake, Gard. East Afr., ed. 1, 266 (193) and ed. 2, 87 & 301.
1939; “Wangerin & Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (1): 753 [371]
& 823. 19h); Jex-Elake, Gard. Zast Afire, Cde.. 35 = Mier t950sinG@ amie
Barroso, rodriguésia 32: 70. 1957; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray
Herb. 18h: 17i. 1958; Abeywickrama, Ceylon Journ. Sci. Biol. 2:
2176 195935 Martin & Noel, Fl. Albany & Bathhurst 92. 1960; P.
Fournier, Quat. Fl. France 806. 1961; Nady & Rehman, Bull. Nat.
Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3--5, text fig. h. 1962; Watt 8 - Breyer-
Brandwijk, Med. & Poison. Pi. S. & Hast.Afr., Bak Ap ah & 1453.
1962; Gunawardena, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Zeyl. 17. 1968; Angel dy. Bae
Anal. & Fitogeogr. « Paulo, ed. J, ly: HO & xix, map) 1395. 19%,
Bostick, Castanea 36: 206. 1971; Aleman & als, Bie Kulturpfl. 19:
359=21)26. 1972; Amaral Franco in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 3: 123.
MO een Re Bacay. Good Housekeep. Ill. Encycl. Gard. 15: 2303.
1972; Beadle, Evans, Carolin, *% Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg. 507.
1972; Given biter, Wildfls. La. 156 & 26. 1972; Encke & Buchheim
in Zander, Handwérterd. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 520. 1972; G. W.
Park, Parks Flow. Book 1973: 86. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl.
Coastal Northw. 75. 1972; Stalter, Castanea 37: 2255 AG 25 Tue
clin, Woaeshey os cule “2 Hise Hum. Sit s69) 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h:
ZAg——220, 22 ee 23,7 (1972) and 25: 205, 226, & alitis 1973; Anon.,
Hort. Bot. Univ. Lonaster . Ind. Sem. 1972/73: 710. 1973; Farns=
worth, Pharmacog. Titles 8 (8): xxiii. 1973; W. A. Burpee, Burpee
Seeds "197: 54. 1974; Lasser, Braun, & Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez.
9: 36. 197); Moidenke, Phytologia 26: 1116, 196, 220, S25. 1omn
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 379
Additional illustrations: C. A. br., wildfls. La. 156 (in col-
or). 1972.
Recent collectors have founc this plant frowing in carmos,
"eanpo sujo", roadsides, and sunny sandy-clay sloping roadsices,
in brackish marshes, sunny roadside ditches, sana of dry succulent
bushveld, and sandy-loam soil in oak-pine associations, and along
railroad tracks, ascendine to 200 meters altitude. layliss refers
to it as "semi-prostrate", but Hanscam describes it as a "perennial
herd, upricht"; Dress says that in cuitivation it is frown as an
annual. Mrs. Pracelin found a specimen "over 2 f22t tall", while
Balakrishnan makes the impossible assertion that it is a "1.2 m.
tall shrub". It has a decided tendency to spread in and fron
cultivation.
The corollas are said to have deen "nurple" on Hanscam 5 .ne
[May 20, 1953], Krapovickas, Cristdébal, $: l-arufiax 2332), and
Baudeiette 6392, "ourple rmat rors ¢/10)" on Lindenan £: Haas 313h,
"purplish" on my Seyson collection cited velow, "Dlue!" on } aioe
Dombois 63051848, "viclet" on Dress 1390, latschoach 2AN63, 2% 3510,
32736, &: 32787, and kKummrow 40, "ma tmauve" on Dal lakrishnan =e
“deep-mauve"” on Cillett ; 39-60-76, "Ndark-mauve" on Layliss 3S 23003,
"mauve-purple" on G. . M. Lawrence 451, "roge-rurple" on }.oldenke
ee eee ee —- — --—
807h, Nazul-morado" on Rosencurtt 5. 530k, and "EHS [Loyal ort.
Soc. Colour Chart] 33" on G. H. he Lawrence son. (Aug. 12, 1911},
while on ‘iikoff 1336 the collector says icorol]a-lobes 2S nose
Purple, pinker toward throat". Burpee (197k) describes the plant
as "Very useful mauvish-blue flowered plant. ideal as a foil for
brightly colored sumrer bedding plants", attaining a height of 1
foot. te offers a packet, of seeds for 15 cents, one-cighth ounce
for $1.25, and a quarter ounce for 32.25. Lasser, 3arun, * Stey-
ermark (197h) report it as cultivated in Venezuele.
T. S. Cochrane, in a letter to me dated July 15, 1972, says that
the following specimens of V. rigida are in the herbarium of the
University of .isconsin: SOUTH CARCLINA: Richland Co.: a 976.
A,
ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa Co.: Seremus 57. MISSISSIPPI: Hancock co.:
H. Sargent 8356. LOUISIANA: Ascension Par.: Saver 32h. THKAS:
Farris co.: a. L. Fisher s.n. [1h Sept. 1913] ( (2 sheets). speiee
(1972) records the species Ss from teorsetow neeaee) South Carolina.
Martin & Noel (1960) describe the flowers as "purple" end found
the plant crowing in srasslands and on road sie is, flowering fran
November to Narch. Park (1972) calls it the "Hardy Verbena Venosa",
descrites it as crowine 1 foot tall, er ee ier" flowers, and
sells a packet of 100 seeds for hs cents. Ss and his associa ates
(1972) descrite the corollas as "purple", the "Plant usually 20--1:0
em high with a creeping rhizome ana erect or “ascending stens." They
refer to it as the "Veined Verbena" and assert that in the sydney,
Australia, region it is a "Weed of waste fround and railway enclo-
sures. Introd. from S. Amer." The Gillett 39-60-76, citec below,
was grown from seed received from Germany.
The Angely (1971) work referred to in the bibliography above was
380 PHY T0 LOG IA Vol. 28, no.
previously erroneously cited by me as "1970", the title-page date,
but the volume concerned was not actually published until 1971.
Ancely refers to the plant as a nomophyte, crowing in "varzea e
postos tmicos" at 720--750 m. altitude in SMo Paulo, Brazil, flow-
ering and fruiting there in December. Watt & Breyer—Brandivi jk
(1962) call the plant "VYeined Vervein" and "morod" and comment
that "The Sotho use a decoction of the root...for heartburn and
colic.....rammel....states that it is irritant. The plant nas
been suspected of causine sickness in stock, the symptoms being
constipation, feverishness and 'swelling at throat and neck!'....-
The leaf contains urease and tne stem a trace....The plant gives
negative antibiotic tests."
Paxton (180) avers that this species was introduced into cul-
tivation in Ungland as V. venosa in 1330 and as V. rugosa in G33:
Fournier (1961) reduces it to synonymy under V. chamaedryfolia
[=V. peruviana (L.) Britton], which is palpably ridiculous. Dupuis
(1360) calls it "Verveine veinée" and describtes it as "Vivace, cul-
tivée comme annuelle; tige de 50 a 65 cent.; feuilles lancéolées,
dentées; fleurs pourpre violacé, en épi ramassé; juin-octobre."
Bailey (1972) describes the Species as "An erect perennial
that grows to 2 ft. It has narrow, sharply toothed leaves 2 to 3
in. long, and purple flowers in dense spikes 3? in. long. Blooms
the first year from seed." Trimen (1895) refers to it as a "native
of South Brazil, &c." and says that in Ceylon it "has escaped
from gardens in’ the hitls, and is often found in a wild state on
roadsides and waste ground about Nuwara Eliya."
Alston (1931) separates this species from V. bonariensis L. by
saying that in V. rigida the inflorescence is “much-branched, the
bracts equal the calyx-segments, and the corollas are violet in
color, while in V. bonariensis the inflorescence is usually simple,
the practs are longer than the calyx-segements, and the coroilas
are pale-mauve in color. He notes that "Trimen's specimens appear
to be V. bonariensis", but says that the true V. rigida (which he
calls V. venosa) Goes occur in Ceylon in "Grassy sy places about Nu-
vara jliya & llakcala" «here it flowers in May and September.
Mueller-Dombois encountered it at Chiya in badulla District, where
it "probably escaved from cultivation."
A garden hybrid of this species with V. officinalis L. has been
called xV. officinali-venosa Paxt., which see.
Material of V. ahaa been nieseentt ed and distributed in
some herbaria as xV. hybrida Voss. On the other hand, the Amara-
tunga 695 and Balakri shnan NBK. 1038, distributed as v. rigida, @ are
actually V. bonariensis hes Din sen. [29/l/1970] is V. bonariensis
var. conglomerata Briq., and Lake e 2999 is ¥. hispida Ruiz & Pav.
Additional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Colleton Co.: Ahles &
Bell 15505 (Bl--150281). GEORGIA: Baker Co.: Moldenke & lioldenke
2690) (Ac). Burke Co.: Shacklette 6892 (B1—202029) . Dousherty
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26011 (Ld, Ps--1326). Pulaski Co.: Kol-
denke & Voldenke 26930 (Ea). FLORIDA: Bay Co.: Moldenke & Molden-
1974 lloidenke, Notes on Verbena 381
ke 26694 (Ac, La, Ld, is). ALABAMA: Clarke Co.: Moldenke & Lol- .
denke ke 26855 (Ba, id). MISSISSIPPI: Wayne Co.: Moldenke 2. Loldenke
26839 (Ac, Ba, Ld). TEXAS: Harris Co.: CG. Uy risher 51002 (Bl--
253597), Se Sone "ay 5, 1947] (B1--253599)3 | L. ©. Higgins 5 3930 (ii).
Jefferson Co.: Luncell é Lundell 11206 (li). waller Co.: Co
54253 (D1--591L9, Tur128106). BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 25163
(lay, 28510 (Ld, N), 32736 (Gz), 32787 (Ld); Krapovickas, cristébal,
& liarufiak 2 2332) (Ld); Kummrow ho (Ac); Lindeman & Haas 313 ( x).
URUGUAY: | Rosenrurtt 5.5301 (Bi (Ba). ARGENTINA: Formosa: 38
2637 (3-~866619). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bayliss BS .3603
(Ba). CEYLON: Balakrishnan NBK.413 (IM, Pd); lueller—Dombois
6505188 (Pd). CULTIVATED: California: Hracelin 1306 (Ba), 2307
(Ba); Ha Hanscam s.n. [lay 20, 1963] (Ea); Herb. Univ. calif. L. A. A.
sen. [September 7, 193] (Ba). Canada: Cillett 39-60-76 (fa); Ga
He M M, Lawrence LSI (Ba). Ceylon: Collector undetermined s.n.
(Dec. 1837] (P (Pd); 2 “oldenke, Moldenke, Jayasuriya, © Sumithraarach-
chi 28290 (Ld, Pa, -—276L£09) « =e Eoulos s alny {July 1952]
(Gz); Hassib s.n. [29/h/19l1) (Gz). India: fia: Collector undetermin-
ed s.n. [Coy Gardens] (Pd). New York: Dress 1390 ) (Ba); Deke
Fisher s.n. (July (epaes! ail ae Ge H. i. Lawrence s.n. [Aug. 1,
191) (Ba); E. N. Noldenke 807) (Ba). Pennsylvania: Wikoff 13%
(Ba). Se
VERBENA RIGIDA var. LILACINA (Benard & Bodger) Noldenke
Additional synornmy: Le var. lilacina Jex-blake,
Gard. East Afr., ed. 2, 87 & 301. 1939.
Additional bibliography: Jex-Zlake, Gard. #ast Afr., ed. 2, 87
& 301 (1939) and ed. 3, 77. 1950; Moidenke, Phytologia 2h: 132
(1972) and 25: 2h. 1973.
Mrs. bracelin (on her no. 2113) describes the color of the
corollas of this variety as "635/3 Mineral Violet RHS" [Royal Hor-
ticultural Society Colour Chart]. She asserts that the plants grow
1 to 21/2 feet tall and flower (in California) in June.
Additional citations: CULVIVATED: California: EBracelin 2113 (Ba).
VaRBSNA RIPARIA Raf.
Additional bibliography: Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 22h. 1937; liolden-
ke, Phytologia 2): 133. 1972.
The Verbena rivaria Small & Heller of Dole (1937) is a synonym
of V. urt urticifolia | Le, & Species very different from V. riparia raf.
Rafinesque's plant is more closely related, rather, to V. officin-
alis L. and its various varieties. Pees 4
VERDEN: RCBUSTA Greene
Additional bibliography: Higgins, Occas. Pap. San Diego Nat. Hist.
Soc. 3: 121. 1949; A. R. Moldenke, Stud. Sp. Divers. Calif. Pl.
Comm. [dissert.] 270--275, 277, 278, 281, 28h, 289, & 309--309.
1971; Loldenke, Phytologia 2h: 133--134. 1972; Farnsworth, Pharmacog.
382 P HY POO Gu Ik Vol. 28, no.
Titles 6, Cum. Gen. Ind. [121]. 1973.
Andrew Voldenke (1971) records the following insects as visi-
tors to the flowers of this species: Dintera - Lepidanthrax
lauta, Lb. sp., and Geron sp.; Lepidoptera — Eulonchus marginatus,
Polite: "sakulet Ls and Phycioides campestris; Coleoptera - Trich-
odes ornatus; and fymenontera - Osmia coloradensis, 0. cyanella,
QO. Sxicua (eee sodes lupine, Hoolitis producta gracilis, Hes—
“Teriades occidentalis, Chelostomopsis rubi-
Veranis res
Ceratina acantha, Ge michneri, a. nanula, bombus vosnes—
Ashmeadiella cactorum basalis and A. californica.
VuRSENA RURYONT Moldenke
Additional bibliography: J. 5. % I. 0. Correll, Aquat. & jdet—
land Pl. Si. U. S. 1397 <: 1,00. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h:
ie couolilas on C. &. Lundell 10679 2 LO707 and jundell 2 - Lun=-
dell que are se to have been TWieweneen™ rv" when fresh, pile the
vornr ells ( 1972) describe them as "blue". These latter workers
aescribe one ee of the species as "liostly in moist or
wet ground, open fields, banks, resaca bottoms, ditches anc road-
sides in Tex, from Hidalgo and Cameron cos. along the coast to
Nueces Co.", flowering there from February to June.
Additional citations: TEXAS: Brazoria Co.: Lundell & Lundell
11036 (i). Cameron Co.: M. ©. Johnston 253-5 (B1—-92100) ; c.L.
Lundell 10679 (ii), 10709 (Ni), O53) (Ba, Sie yates
VauSanei RUNYONI f. ROSIFLORA L. 1. Davis
AGditional bibliography: D. S. x H. B. Correll, Aquat. % Wet—
land Pl. Sv. U. S. 1397 = 14,00. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h):
1B eis
RVUELS NANA SYMB sei. Molidenke
Additional Syn Oev xVerbena rhydberrii *ell, Fl. Winnebago
See e22 spasm. 955.
lddisional ° emended bibliography: Dlewitt, Fl. Waterbury 105.
72 6; tydb..) “ll. erairies = 2Jains, or. 1, 673. 1932; Fell, Fl.
imnabago Co. 122, 1955; lusselaan, Cease , nice, uf Race, ach.
eek O ceelomin gio yilss ede. Tl. Prairies °. Plains, pr. 678.
ery orum, roc. Lowa ees Seity OS 36. 1972; Molcenke, Phyto~
Logia 24: 135=--136 (1972) and 23: 109, 215, 216, & 2hh. 197k;
Moklenbrock = Vozct.eel. south. Til © 206, 287, 6 & 389. 1974.
Blewitt (1926) records Cage hybrid from New Haven County, Con—
necticut, Fell (1955) irom wimnebaco County, Ijzlinois, and Crum
(1972) from Black Hawk County, Iowa. The last-mentioned author
found the plant to be "infrequent" on "mesic prairie", flowering
in June. LEorr found it "common in local colonies" and describes
the color of the corollas on dorr 4691 as “blue. Wills en-
countered it on sandy roadsides, | Thibault in sandy acid soil ex—
posed to "open direct sunlight", and Dennis & Liesner in over-
srown pastures with Aster, Gnaphalium, and Solidago, all in wWis-
ry
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 383
consin. Mohlenbrock *: Voigt (197) record it from Jackson County,
Illinois. ‘Musselman and his associates (1971) found it in low
weedy fields in Rock County, Wisconsin, and refer to it as "xyd-
berg's vervain".
Additional citations: IOWA: Dickinson Co.: Shimek s.n. [Aug. 8
1916] (B1—~1065)3). WISCONSIN: Juneau Co.: Thibault hl, (Ws, Ws).
Lafayette Co.: Dennis & Liesner s.n. [Sept. 11, 1966) (Hs). Rich-
land Co.: D. Wills s.n. [July 27, 1957] ‘iat: "KANSAS : Cheyenne
Co.: Horr T6921 (B1—91135). MISSOURI: Marion Co.: J. Davis s.n.
[July 13, 1913] (E—-10235u1).
VERBENA SAGITTALIS Cham.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 136 (1972)
and 28: 256. 197.
The Hatschbach 25327, distributed as V. sagittalis, is actually
V. minutiflora Briq.
VERBENA SANTIAGUENSIS (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
86——39. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 136—138. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the normal rate of pollen fertility
in this species is 89 percent.
VERBENA SANTIAGUENSIS (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke x V. PERUVIANA (L.)
Britton
Additional synonymy: Glandularia santiaguensis x peru ana Sol-
brig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 9
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
87. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 137--138. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports the normal rate of pollen fertility in
this hybrid is only 51 percent.
VERBENA SANTIAGUENSIS (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke x V. PULCHELLA
Sweet
Synonymy: Glandularia santiaguensis x pulchella Solbrig in Hey-
wood, Mod. Meth, Pl. Tax. 87. 19
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
87. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 138. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the normal rate of pollen fertility
in this hybrid is 50 percent.
VERBENA SCABRA Vahl
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 323. 1819; D. S- & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wet-
land Pl. SW. U. 8. 1396--[1398], fig. 654 a—f. 19723 Farnsworth,
Pharmacog. Titles 7 (10): xvi. 19723 Fong, Trojdnkova, Trojdnek, &
Farnsworth, Lloydia 25: 147. 1972; Hutton, Castanea 37: 22 & 2h3.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 220 (1972) and 25: 23. 1973; Anon.,
Biol. Abstr. 56 (2): BASIC. S.200. 1973.
Additional illustrations: D. S= & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wet-
land Pr SW. Us Se (1398), fig. 65h a-——f. 1972.
38h P RY TyOr LO Gera Vol. 28, nos if
Hutton (1972) comments that this species reaches the northern-
most extension of its range in California; he gives its overall
range as "Florida to Mexico and California, n. to s.s. Virginia;
also West Indies, Central America, and South America". Actually,
as far as I know, the species is unknown in Central and South Am-
erica. The Corrells (1972) give its distribution as "Mostly rich
soil of low grounds, marshes, swamps and edges of lakes and
streams, Okla. (Cherokee Co.) and throughout most of Tex. except
Plains Country, N. H. (Eddy Co.) and Ariz. (Gila, Pinal, Santa
Cruz and Pima cos.), Mar.—Dec.; N.C. to Fla. and W. I., w. to
Ariz., Calif. and n. Mex." Hutton (1972) found it in Mason Coun-
ty, West Virginia. Paxton (180) asserts that it was introduced
into cultivation in England in 1825.
Additional citations: FLORIDA: Lake Co.: Nash 128 (Ba). AR-
IZONA: Pima Co.: Pringle s.n. [near Tucson, July 18, 188] (Mi).
VERBENA SCABRA f. ANGUSTIFOLIA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wet-
land Pl. SW. U. S. 1396 & 1397. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 2h:
140. 1972.
XVERBENA SCHNACKII Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Glandularia peruviana x G. megapotamica
Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax. 88. 1968.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 87 & 88. 1968; Moldenke, rhytologia 2h: 140. 1972.
Solbrig (1968) reports that the normal rate of pollen fertility
in this hybrid is 65 percent.
VERBENA SCROBICULATA Griseb.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 140--1)1.
1972.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a perennial herb, 30
cm. to 1m. tall, then prostrate, and have encountered it on hill-
sides among shrubs and as "common" in shade on moist sand along
riverbanks, at altitudes of 800—160 meters, flowering in July,
October, and December, and fruiting in July. The corollas are
said to have been "dark-lilac" on Schulz & Varela 5128, "purple"
on Eyerdam & Beetle 22626 and Venturi 5397, and "flores coloradas
vivas" on JUrgensen 1298. Material has been misidentified and
distributed in some herbaria under the designation Glandularia
peruviana (L.) Small. Fovow
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: JUrgensen 1298 (E—
818812). Jujuy: Venturi 5397 (E--960263). Salta: Eyerdam &
Beetle 22626 (Ba); Schulz & Varela 5128 (Ws).
VERBENA SEDULA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.1B: hhh. 1971;
Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 141. 1972.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 385
VERBENA SELLOI Spreng.
Additional bibliography: Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl.
Tax. 89. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: MWy—1),2 & 234 (1972) and
28s: 120. 197).
In addition to the months previously recorded by me, this plant
has been collected in flower in October and December. The corol-
las on Krapovickas, Cristébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 2228) are
described as having been Wiilact in color when fresh, while those
on Krapovickas & Cristébal 20536 were twhitish-violet" .
The Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Maruflak 15492, distributed as V.
selloi, is actually V. callia calliantha Briq. Briq.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Kra vickas,
Cristébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 2228) (Ld). semi Krapovic-
kas & Cristédbal 20536 (Ze
VERBENA SESSILIS (Cham.) Kuntze
Additional synonymy: ess sessilis decurrens Cham. ex
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 257. 1898. Verbena sessilis
sessilis Cham. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 257. 1090.
Additional bibliography: Gibert, Emm. Pl. Montevid. 3. 1873;
Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 12--1)3 & 148. 1972.
Recent collectors describe this plant as erect and have found
it "en pastizal anegado", flowering and fruiting in October. The
corollas on Krapovickas & Cristébal 16357 are said to have been
"lilac" in color when fresh.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas &
Cristébal 16357 (Ws). Formosa: Jtrgensen 2477 (E--831936).
VERBENA SETACEA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 143. 1972.
VERBENA SIMPLEX Lehm.
Additional synonymy: Verbena angustifolia glabra Engelm., in
herb.
Additional & emended bibliography: Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Ber-
ol. 2: 633. 1809; J. Torr., Compend. Fl. 238—239. 1826; Paxt.,
Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (180) and ed. 2, 328. 18193 O. R.
Willis, Fl. Westchester Co. 801. 1880; Baerecke, Anal. Keys Ferns
& Flow. Pl. Atl. Sect. Middl. Fla. 11h. 1906; ¥. Stone, Ann. Rep.
N. J. State Mus. 1910 (2): 660 & 661. 1911; Twining, Fl. Northwest.
Penn. 60. 1917; Tischler, Tabul. Biol. kh: 2) & 43. 19273; Wangerin
in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 521. 1928; Rydb., Fl. Prairies
& Plains, pr. 1, 677 & 967. 1932; Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 223.
1937; Evers, Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 26: 421 & 36. 1955;
Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; R. McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus.
Bull. 360A: 195 & 432. 1958; Musselman, Cochrane, Rice, & Rice,
Mich. Bot. 10: 183. 1971; Hilers, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist.
21: 60, 61, & 123. 1971; Ellis, Wofford, & Chester, Castanea
36: ah. "1971; Rydb., Fl. Prair-
386 PIB YT Oro G TA Vol. 28, no.
jes & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677 & 967. 1971; Sipple, Bartonia 1: 35.
1971; Wherry, Bartonia 1: 79. 1971; Mazzeo, Castanea 37: 176.
1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 139, 143—1,47, & 223 (1972) and
25: 225 & 226. 1973; Ralph, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Coast. Pl. Comm.
29. 1973; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3): Shy & 783. 1973; W.
Stone, Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 660 & 661. 19733 Mohlenbrock &
Voigt, Fl. South. I11. 286, 287, & 389. 197k; Moldenke, Phytolo-
gia 28: 257. 197k.
The name that must be adopted for this species, V. simplex, is
apparently based on a specimen cultivated in the Hamburg (Gennany)
Botanical Garden in or before 1825.
Mazzeo (1972) cites Mazzeo & Schaffner 2249 from dry soil in
Warren County, Virginia; Ellis, Wofford, & Chester (1971) found
the species in Stewart County, Tennessee, and in Lyon and Trigg
Counties, Kentucky; Fell (1955) reports it as "Not uncommon on
dry prairies, gravel hills, and in sandy places" in Winnebago
County, Illinois, growing with the "uncommon" xV. blanchardi Mol-
denke and the "common and variable" xV. moechina Moldenke.
Eilers (1971) says that V. simplex is frequent on sandy
prairies and on alluvial flats in the Cedar River drainage in Io-
wa, and cites it from Benton, Blackhawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Cerro
Gordo, Johnson, and Linn Counties. Evers (1955) found it growing
"in seven hill prairies, in either rocky soil or loess" in Jllin-
ois. Benner (1932) asserts that it is rare and local in dry
fields and waste places in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and cites
collections by Fretz and Clayton fram East Rockhill Towmship, by
Brown from Tullytown, and by an unidentified collector from Pine-
ville and Wrightstown. Stone (1911) says that in his day it was
found on open ground in southern New Jersey, "occasional through-
out the State, especially in the Middle district. A weed in many
places, and the few Pine Barren records are all to be so regarded".
He gives its flowering period as "Early June to late July and spor-
adically into September". Torrey (183) found it in New York
state in "Sandy fields and dry hill-sides on the island of New-
York", flowering fram July to August. Willis (1830) cites a col-
lection by Fisher from Westchester County, New York. Wherry (1971)
records it from Montgomery County and Twining (1917) from Monroe
County, Pennsylvania.
Dole (1937) records V. simplex from Bennington and Windsor
counties, Vermont, citing unnumbered collections by Blanchard and
by Kittredge, while Musselman and his associates (1971) record it
from Rock County, Wisconsin, citing a Skavlem collection in the
University of Wisconsin herbarium.
The Engelmann s.n. cited below consists only of floral dissec—
tions for comparison with related species and hybrids.
Recent collectors have found the plant growing on limestone
cliffs, in dry upland meadows, in prairie patches on Cedarville
dolomite, and in open Danthonia-Diodia communities, as well as on
limestone-gravelly prairies, flowering and fruiting in July. Pax-
ton (180) calls it "worthless" as a horticultural subject. The
197 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 387
corollas on Allard 3100 are described as having been "blue" when
fresh, on E. H. . HH. Walker 3656 as "lavender", and on Leonard & Al-
lard 20688 a, as "light ‘purplish~blue".
The E. L. Braun s.n. [VII-22-12], cited below, is a mixture
with xV. . moechina Moldenke, while the Shimek s-n. [Sept. 1, 1920],
distributed as. Vv. simplex, is actually V. h Vv. hastata L.
Additional citations: MARYLAND: Prince Georges Co.: Van Esel-
tine & Moseley 8 (W--539299). Plummer's Island: A. S. Hitchcock
12690 (W—2761258) . DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: E. C. Leonard 562 (Ww
2163130); Pollard s.n. [August 3, 1895] (W—307119), s.n. [July
\,, 1896] (W-—307195); Seaman s.n. (W--787356, W—787357); Steele
sen. [June 27, 1896] (W—36h26]); Ward s.n. [1876] (W—-11,7556) .
VIRGINIA: Culpeper Co.: Allard 2INTT (H—=2177062) ; Leonard & Al-
lard 20688 (W—213,98). Fairfax Co.: E. H. Walker 3656 i.
1920717). Fauquier Co.: Allard 1682 (W—-1728796) , 3100" (Ww
1734598), 6698 (W—-1812902), 12 11285 85 (W—1898118), 192, (w—
1916563), 119]6 (W--1916562) . Loudoun Co.: eee eton 285 (W—
23,5980). NORTH CAROLINA: Granville Co.: Radford 43888 (B1—
182228); Radford & O'Briant 45472 (sia. ito: HIO: Adams Co.:
E. L. Braun 3.n. [June 23, 1926] (W—2712379). Hamilton Co.: Ee
86 Braun sn. [VITI-15-05] (W--2712368). Highlands Co.: E. is
Braun 8. 8.n. . [July 26, 1962] (W~2712378). ILLINOIS: Stony “Tsland:
E. Bil, Braun Sone [ VII-22-12] (W--2712369). IOWA: Muscatine Co.:
Shimek s.n. Son. TAug. 21, 1915] (Bl—-106460). KENTUCKY: Jessamine
Co.: E E. ae Braun gen (W—2667623) , ky 4 (W—2667621). Wayne Co.:
E. L. Braun 3083 (W--266762)). KANSAS: Douglas Co.: Horr E.76
(B1—-55899). Wo Woodson Co.: Lathrop 1350 1350 (Bl—-118826). ~~ MISSOURI :
Saint Louis City: Engelmann s.n. (E—117332).
VERBENA SINUATA Grieve & Leyel
Additional bibliography: Grieve & Leyel, Modern Herb., pr. 3,
2: 832. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 147. 1972.
VERBENA SPHAEROCARPA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 17. 1972.
VERBENA STELLARIOIDES Charm.
Additional bibliography: Gibert, Enum, Pl. Montevid. 43. 1873;
Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. "Tax. 82, 86—89, & 92. 1968;
Moldenke, Phytotogia 2: 142 & 148 (1972) and 28: 208. 197h.
Solbrig (1968) informs us that the normal rate of pollen fertil-
ity in this species is 98 percent. He also has determined that
V. stellarioides and V. peruviana (L.) Britton will not hybridize
where they grow together in the wild, but will hybridize with in-
dividuals brought in from outside their own particular local area.
388 P yet OL.0 Gur Vol. 28, no.
VERBENA STORHOCLADA Briq.
Additional synonymy: Verbena stereoclada Briq., in herb.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 149. 1972.
The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when
fresh on Hatschbach 33603 and Hatschbach & Koczicki 27212 and "li-
lac" on Hatschbach 3277 & 33615, and these collectors found the
plant in "brejo" and creeping in sandy soil at the base of hills,
flowering in October and fruiting in December.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Hatschbach
327h7 (Ld), 33603 (Gz), 33615 (Ac); Hatschbach & Koczicki 27212
(Ld, N, W--2706621).
VERBENA STRICTA Vent.
Emended synonymy: Verbena stricta Willd. ex S. ElJ., Sketch,
prs tera: 99 sae).
Additional & emended bibliography: Desf., Tabl. ficol. Bot., ed.
1, 55. 180; Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 633. 1809; Desf.,
Tabl. ficol. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 1 & 2, 2:
99 & 7h3. 1821; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (18h0) and ed.
2, 328. 1819; Twining, Fl. Northeast. Penn. 60. 1917; Braun,
Ecology 2: 174-175. 1921; Hanson, Am. Journ. Bot. 9: 331. 19223
Blewitt, Fl. Waterbury 105. 1926; Clute, Am. Botanist 33: Nh.
1927; Tischler, Tabul. Biol. h: 2h & 43. 1927; Wangerin in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 521. 1928; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains
pr. 1, 677, 678, & 967. 19323 Oertel, U. S. Dept. Agr. Cire. 55h:
19. 1939; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575.
1941; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 1, 41h. 1951;
Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, hh9, fig. 256 A. 1952;
W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front Range, ed. 1, 157. 1953;
Evers, Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 26: 392, 00, 21, & 436. 19553
Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wild-
life & Pl., pr. 2, hil. 19613; W. A. Weber, Handb. Pl. Colo. Front
Range, ed. 2, 157. 1961; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2,
Wh9, fig. 256 A. 1966; W. A. Weber, Rocky Mtn. Fl., ed. 1, 306.
1967; Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man Weed Seeds 96 & 97. 1970; Eilers,
Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 21: 60, 61, & 123. 1971; S. Ell.,
Sketch, pr. 3, 2: 99 & 7h3. 1971; Musselman, Cochrane, Rice, &
Rice, Mich. Bot. 10: 18. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr.
2, 2: 677, 678, & 967. 1971; Vallentine, Range Develop. & Improv.
95 & 459. 1971; Wherry, Bartonia 1: 79. 1971; R. C. Anderson in
J. H. Zimmerm., Proc. Second Midwest Prairie Conf. 16. 19723 R,
Bailey, Good Housekeep. I11l. Encycl. Gard. 15: 2303. 1972; Crum,
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 78: 86. 1972; Scharrer in J. H. Zimmern.,
Proc. Second Midwest Prairie Conf. 10. 1972; W. A. Weber, Rocky
Mtn. Fl., ed. 2, 306. 1972; Wilkinson & Jaques, How to Know Weeds,
ed. 2, 123, 207, & 231, fig. 296. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h:
220--225 & 257 (1972) and 25: 226 & 2h. 1973; Lommasson, Nebr.
Wild Fls. 86 & 18h, pl. 17h. 19733 L. P. Mill., Phytochem. 1: 329,
3%2, 393, & h10. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 55: 1287. 19733
Ralph, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Coast. Pl. Comm. 29. 1973; Rickett,
Wild Fls. U.S. 6 (3): [543], Sb, & 783, pl. 195. 19733 Hocking,
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 389
Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291. 197); Mohlenbrock & Voigt, Fl. South.
Ill. 286, 287, & 389. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 196, 206,
215, & 257. 197h.
Additional illustrations: Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax.,
ed. 1, L49, fig. 256 A (1952) and ed. 2, h9, fig. 256 A. 1966;
Delorit, Illustr. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 97 (in color). 1970; Wil-
kinson & Jaques, How to Know Weeds, ed. 2, 123, fig. 296. 1972;
Lommasson, Nebr. Wild Fls. pl. 174 (in color). 1973; Rickett, Wild
Fls. U. S. 6 (3): (543), pl. 195 (in color). 1973.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in sandy soil
of Populus-Salix communities. Dress found it abundant in dry
grazed pastures in Nebraska. Musselman and his associates (1971)
refer to it as "common" on dry prairies and in fields and pastures
in Rock County, Wisconsin. The Engelmann s.n., cited below, con
sists only of floral dissections mounted so as to be compared with
those of related species and hybrids.
Additional vernacular names recorded for V. stricta are
"mullien-leaved vervain" [sic!], "verveine fasciculée", and "wooly
vervain" [sic!]. The corollas on Dress 9009 are said to have been
"bright violet-blue" when fresh; Bailey describes them as "purple".
Delorit (1970) describes the seeds of this plant as "Oblong in
outline; about the same width throughout. Dorsal side convex, its
margins winged downward; ventral side granular, two-faced forming
a longitudinal ridge where they join. Both ends of the seed usu-
ally bluntly rounded. Dorsal side usually with five and occasion-
ally six longitudinal ribs which run part way or the entire length
of the seed and are joined by transverse ribs in the upper one-
fourth to one-third of the seed. The central veins usually are
joined by transverse ribs only in the upper one-fourth of the
seed. Usually about the same width throughout the seed. Seed
scar oval, oblique, white. Reddish-brown. 2.l—-3.1 m long, 0.6—
0.8 mm wide,"
Martin, Zim, & Nelson (1951) report that the seeds of this spe-
cies are eaten by such birds as the stilt sandpiper, lark bunting,
cardinal grosbeak, junco, and the field, song, swamp, tree, and
white-—crowned sparrows and the entire plant is eaten by cottontail
rabbits.
Wilkinson & Jaques (1972) describe the species as "Common in
pastures and fields", flowering from June to September. S#ilers
(1971) found it common in sandy open areas in Iowa and records it
from Benton, Blackhawk, Bremer, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Delaware,
Fayette, Floyd, Grundy, Hardin, Johnson, Linn, Mitchell, and Win-
neshiek Counties in that state. Crum (1972) says that it is fre-
quent on moist to dry prairies in Blackhawk County, Iowa, flower-
ing there in June. Fell (1955) avers that it is a "common road-
side weed [in Winnebago County, Illinois]", sometimes growing with
the white- or the roseate-flowered forms. Blewitt (1926) records
it from roadsides in New Haven County, Connecticut, but says that
it is "Rare" there and "Adventive from the West", blooming there in
July and August. Wherry (1971) records it as introduced in Montgom-
ery County, Pennsylvania, while Twining (1917) found it in Luzerne
390 P EY, 70 L.0 Gtk Vol. 28, no.
County. Evers (1955) found it on forty-two, or 80.6 percent, of
the hill prairies of Dllinois. It occurs in only 2.1 percent of
the relict prairie sites in southwestern Michigan.
Oertel (1939) lists V. stricta as a honey and pollen plant in
Iowa. Miller (1973) reports the isolation of verbenalin, the
glucoside of verbenalol, in this species. Paxton (180) regarded
it as "worthless" from a horticultural standpoint.
The J. Gunderson 264, distributed as V. stricta, is actually
xV. engelmannii Moldenke, while Thibault enn is xV. rydbergii Mol-
denke.
Additional citations: ONTARIO: Frontenac Co.: Garwood & Gavitz
2505 (Bl1—26)285). NEW YORK: Ontario Co.: Eaton s.n. sen. [Sep. 26,
1923] (Ba). OHIO: Hamilton Co.: E. L. Braun s.n. ~ [VII-25-05] (w
2712377). IOWA: Dickinson Co.: Shimek | sen. [Aug. 8, 1916] (Bl—
106479). Harrison Co.: L. Kellogg ogg 174 (Ba (Ba). toa Co.: Beach 78
(Ba); Hainer s.n. [July 188] (Ba); F. F. C. Stewart s.n. [July 2 2
1892] (Ba). KENTUCKY : Trigg Co.: nen L. Braun 418) (W—-2667620) .
MINNESOTA: Traverse Co.: Moore & Moore a 1OW7 (N). SOUTH DAKOTA:
Lawrence Co.: G. N. Jones 35989 (Bl—191279). KANSAS: Brown Co.:
Horr 482 (B1--91548). Osage Co.: Horr E.33 (B1--55961). Wash-
ington Co.: Horr 4662 (B1l--91148). “Woodson Co.: Lathrop 1346b
(B1--118825). MISSOURI: County undetermined: Engelmann s.n.
[Herb. Hance 5221] (Pd). Saint Louis City: Engelmann Son. (E--
117332). ARKANSAS: County undetermined: F, L. Harvey s.n. [Cur
tiss 1958] (Mi). COLORADO: Baca Co.: Weber & & Anderson 520 (Bl—
56886). Boulder Co.: W. A. Weber 5270 (Bl--57209). Denver Co.:
Smith s.n. [Aug. 1871] Ce Kit Carson Co.: Owmbey 1363
(Bl1—}210). Las Animas Co.: C. M. Rogers 4967 (B1_-SBS7B) 6076
(B1--55576), 6956 (Bl--56l42). eedewiek Co.: at We A. Weber 6395
(Bl1—-29121). Yuma Co.: Bwan 12917 (Bl--53675); Maslin 427. (B (Bl--
21200). NEBRASKA: Merrick Co.: 2: Dress 9009 (Ba). TEXAS: : Hemphill
Co.: L. C. Higgins 7691 (N). Wheeler Co.: L. C. Higgins 537 (Mi).
VERBENA STRICTA f£. ALBIFLORA Wadmond
Additional synonymy: Verbena stricta f. albiflora J. B. McFarlin
apud Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575, sphalm.
19h1.
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122°, 19553 Molden-
ke, Phytologia 2h: 225 (1972) and 25: 2hh. 1973.
Fell (1955), in his flora of Winnebago County, Illinois, says
"On a high prairie road north of Ill. Rt. No. 70 near Meridian
road we found the white form......covering considerable areas to
the exclusion of the purple form." Wallis reports that where he
collected this form there were about 25 percent white—flowered
plants and 75 percent deep-purple~flowered ones.
Additional citations: KANSAS: Washington Co.: Horr 4622 (Bl--
91572). OKLAHOMA: Cherokee Co.: Wallis 3395 (Bl--11)665).
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 391
VERBENA STRICTA f. ROSEIFLORA Benke
Additional bibliogranhy: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Fell, Fl. Winnebago Co. 122. 1955; Molden-
ke, Phytologia 2h: 225. 1972.
Fell (1955) reports that this color form is "very uncommon on
Camp Grant prairies" in Winnebago County, Illinois.
Additional citations: KANSAS: Jewell Co.: Horr 77 (B1l--91131).
VERBENA STRIGOSA Cham.
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 840 & xix, map 1395. 1971; Moldenke,
Phytologia 2h: 225--226. 1972.
The Angely (1971) reference in the bibliography above was previ-
ously erroneously cited by me as "1970", the title-page date, but
the volume involved was not actually issued until 1971.
XVERBENA STUPROSA Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 03--l0h. 197h.
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: )03—-l0h. 197h.
Citations: ARKANSAS: Clay Co.: Eggers s.n. (Corning, 21 August
1896] (E--118279—type).
VERBENA SULPHUREA D. Don
Additional synonymy: Verbena ktfferi Hort., in herb. Verbena
sulfuru-lilacina Hort., in herb.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328
(1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 226—227
(1972) and 25: 23. 1973.
Morrison describes this plant as a "bush 0.1—0.2 m. tall,
flowers yellow, anthers chocolate-brown" and states that it is
"not common" on low hills, in sandy soil just back from the ocean,
flowering in December. This reads like a good description of the
locality where my wife and I found this species on our visit to
Valparaiso in 198. Gay (189) notes that this "Planta algo
comun en las provincias centrales y del norte, Valparaiso, Quin-
tero, Coquimbo, etc." in Chile. Paxton (18),05 asserts that it
was introduced into cultivation in England in 1832,
Additional citations: CHILE: Coquimbo: Zéliner 6031 (Ac). Val=-
paraiso: Collector undetermined s.n. (Pd); Morrison 1686 (Ba).
LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Missouri Bot. Gard.
11809 (E). pane Grige «dpa on,"
VERBENA SUPINA L.
Additional synonymy: Verbenaca svpina sive foemina Fuchs, Hist.
Plant. Basil. 593. 152.
Additional & emended bibliography: Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil.
591 & 593. 1542; Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 3. 1797; Desf., Tabl.
fcol. Bot., ed. 1, 55 (180k) and ed. 2, 66. 1815; Paxt., Pock. Bot.
Dict., ed. 1, 328 (1840) and ed. 2, 328. 1849; Plin. Sec., [transl.
Bostock & Riley], Nat. Hist. 1—6. 1855; Le Grand, Fl. Anal. Berry
72. 1887; Marcellus Enpiricus [ed. Helmreich], Marcel. Medicament.
1889; J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 286. 1900;
392 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. h
J. M. Black, Fl. South Austr. 3: 478, fig. 199. 1926; M. Woodward,
Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 1, 231. 1931; Wangerin in Just, Bot.
Jahresber. Sh (1): 1170 [366} (1932) and 52 (1): 482 [11h]. 1933;
Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 52 (1): 825. 193; Petzak & Rech.,
Fl. Iran. 3: 1—8. 1967; M. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr.
2, 231. 1969; Willaman & Li, Lloydia aon Suppl. 3a: 220. 1970;
Hartwell, Lloydia 3h: 387. isn; Polunin, Pflanz. Europ. 277 &
539. 1971; Amaral Franco in Tutin & al., Pr. Bur. 3: 123.4972;
Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7 (): xxv & 222. 1972; Kunkel,
Monog. Biol. Canar. 3: 62. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 228—
231. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 608.
1972; Tutin in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur. 3: 369. 1972.
Additional illustrations: Fuchs, Hist. Plant. Basil. 593 (in
color). 1542; K. Woodward, Leaves Gerard's Herb., pr. 1, 231 [as
"V. officinalis"]. 1931; J. M. Black, Fl. South Austr. 3: fig.
199. 19263; M. iioodward, Leaves opens Herb., pr. 2, 231 [as "V.
officinalis"]. 1969. ‘Te
Polunin (1971) notes that this species is similar to V. offic-
inalis L. "aber Stengel niederliegend, reich verzweigt [which is
true also of V. officinalis var. prostrata Gren. & Godr.].
B[ldtter] 2fach fiederteilig mit ovalen Abschnitten. Krone hel-
lila, kiirzer, 3 mm." and gives its distribution as "Stideuropa".
Petzat & Rechinger (1967) also describe it as "decumbens" in
their key, but in their formal diagnosis say "“Annua, 20—)0 cm
alta, hispidula, canescens, ramis ascendentibus vel. decumbenti-
bus". Raeuschel (1797) also describes it as an armual plant,
giving "Hispan." as the distribution of V. supina and "arabia"
for what he calls V. procumbens.
Additional common names for this plant recorded by Hartwell
(1971) are "herba verbena", "hierabotane", "peristereon",
"yerbenaca", and "vervain". These names, however, are more usual-
ly regarded as applying to V. officinalis L., so it is a matter of
doubt whether the medicinal uses which he also records may not ac-
tually apply instead to that species rather than to this one. At
all events, Hartwell records the following medicinal uses for V.
supina: with Wine in the treatment of corns on the feet, as a de-
coction in vinegar for "Indurations and gatherings; callosities",
as a plaster for parotid tumors, and the juice in a cerate also
for parotid tumors. Paxton (18/0) assures us that from a horti-
cultural standpoint the species is "worthless",
The Sennen & Mauricio 7656, distributed as V. supina and prev-
iously so cited by me, seems ems better placed as £2 erecta Moldenke,
as are also Faure s.n. [5 Mai 1911] and G. T&ckholm s.n. [28/1/
1927] and s.n. [l/L/1927], while P. Hartmann SMe (3-V-1911] is
Vv. officinalis L.
Additional citations: PORTUGAL: Rainha 21,19 [Herb. Stat. Agron.
Nat. Port. 39523] (Ba). HUNGARY: Borb4s orbés 934 (1 (Ba); Heuffel s.n.
(Pd). HGYPT: Acerbi s.n. (Pd); Boulos s.n. n. [3/9/1952] (Gz); Bou-
los Tanadros s.n. rn. [12 Sept. 1962] (Gz); Chr Chrtek & Kosinova s.n.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 393
[19/6/1971] (Gz); Collector undetermined s.n. (Gz); Hadidi s.n.
[5/1/1952] (Gz); Hadidi, Kosinova, & Chrtek Chrtek s sen. [22.4 1967)
(G2); Halwagi s.n. .. (Spring 1961] (cz); Ee H B. Hartmann s.n. (29/5/
1907] (Gz, Gz); Imam & Ayyad s.n. [26/4/1957] (Gz); Imam, Ibra-
him, Mahdi, & Sisi s.n. ~ [29/9/1971] (G2); G. Maire 432 [Ascher-
son & ~Schweinfurth 810] (Gz, Gz, Gz); Runkewitz s.n. ~ [15/3/1933]
(Gz), sen. [26/3/1933] (Gz); E. S. sen. [Jan. 2 29, 1580] (Gz);
Salem 3.ne [17/4/1867] (Gz); a Tackholm s.n. [23/1/1927] (Gz,
Gz), | BN on. [25/2/1927] (Gz), sen. [6/3/1927] (Gz), sen. [26/3/
1927] “(Gz); V. Tackholm s.n. - [12/5/1962] (Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz); Tack-
holm, Boulos, , Girgis, Zahran, & Elsayed s.n. [23/5/1963] (Gz,
Gz, Gz, , Gz), 8 sen. [2h/5 5/196 im (Gz); Tackholm & Kassas 277 (Gz).
SUDAN: Khartum: m: Kotschy 9326 (Pd). Kordofan: Pfund Dsl ( (Gz,
Gz), 4lt [119] (Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz, Gz). ISRAEL: Meyers
& Dinsmore B.203 (Gz, Gz).
VERBENA SUPINA f. ERECTA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 230 & 231.
19726
The Sennen & Mauricio collection cited below was >reviously
cited by me as typical V. supina L. , but seems better placed in
f. erecta. Its printed | label re reads. "Plantas d'Espagne", but the
specimen was actually collected in Morocco. The Constable col-
lection, also cited below, is described as having been "9—12
inches tall, of erect growth" and was actually first identified
by the collector as V. officinalis L. It obviously represents
f. erecta and shows again how different the aspect of this plat
is fran that of typical V. supina. Constable found it growing
in sandy loam soil.
Additional citations: HUNGARY: Kov4cs 460 (Pd). MOROCCO: Sen-
nen & Mauricio 7657 (Ba). ALGERIA: Faure s. sen. [5 Mai 1911] (Gz).
LIBYA: Boulos 201, (G2). EGYPT: Romée & & Hadidi sen. [17.1.1968]
(Gz); Ge ;. Tackholm sen. [28/1/1927] (Gz, Gz, Gz), s.n. [l/h/1927]
(G2); Ve Tackholm s.n. [Spring 1949] (Gz), sn. [2/4/1961] (Gz),
S.n. (Merseh Matruh] (Gz); Tickholm & al. s.n. yen. [1/4/1972] (Gz).
AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Constable 5199 . (Ba).
VERBENA TAMPENSIS Nash
Additional bibliograohy: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 573. 1941; Solbrig in Heywood, Mod. Meth. Pl. Tax.
88 & 89. 1968; Moidenke, Phytologia 2h: 231 (1972), 26: 377
(1973), and 28: 200. 197.
The specimen depicted in the photograph of S. M. Tracy 6650 in
the herbarium of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, cited below, is de-
posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Potanical Garden.
Solbrig (1968) speaks of an unnamed hybrid between this species
and V. canadensis (L.) Britton. This is a hybrid which possibly
occurs frequently in the wild since the ranges of the two species
39h P He TsO 5i70) Gy Eck Vol. 28, no. 4
overlap in Florida. The herbarium vouchers for the artificially
produced hybrid should be carefully studied and compared with
herbarium material now annotated as the one parent or the other in
various herbaria. It is possible that some of these specimens
represent the hybrid.
Additional citations: FLORIDA: Lee Co.: J. K. Small s.n. [Punta
Rassa, May 1928] (Ba). Manatee Co.: S. M. Tracy 6650 (Ba—photo).
XVERBENA TEASII Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 232 (1932)
and 28: 208 & 209. 197k.
Arnoldo-Lroecers describes this plant as "crseping" and its
flowers as "dark-purple". He collected it in anthesis in November
and misidentified it as V. tenera Spreng.
Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Curacao: Arnoldo-Broeders
3599 (Ba), 3642 (Ba). a a
VERBENA TENERA Spreng.
Additional synonymy: Schuttleworthia tenera Meissn. ex Gibert,
Enum. Pl. Montevid. 3. 1873. Verbena terna Spreng., in herb.
Additional & emended bibliography: C. Gay, Hist. Fis. Chile
Bot. 5: 8. 1849; Gibert, Enum. Pl. Montevid. 43. 1873; R. 0. Wil-
liams, Useful & Ornament. Pl. Zanzib. 482. 1949; R. C. Foster,
Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 171. 1958; R. Bailey, Good Housekeep Ill.
Encycl. Gard. 15: 2303. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 232--23h,
236--239, & 253 (1972) and 28: 247. 197k.
Burkill (1966), speaking of the economic plants of the Malay
Peninsula, says "V. tenera, Spreng., of the Argentine can be grom
more freely, as it is possible to propagate it by cuttings". Hep-
per (1963) says "V. tenera Spreng., a native of S. America, has
been introduced into Nigeria (Obubra Dist., FHI 396); a creeping
herb with very dissected leaves and white or violet flowers." I
believe that both authors are speaking of V. tenuisecta Bria.
rather than the true V. tenera. Similarly, Willians (199) speaks
of V. tenera as cultivated on Zanzibar and Pemba islands, describ-
ing the plant as having small flower-heads, finely divided leaves,
and deep-mauve corollas with a white eye. Probably he is also
talking about V. tenuisecta. Bailey (1972) describes V. tenera as
"A shrubby plant with purple flowers in long spikes. Native to
southern Brazil." Certainly the plant is not shrubby, so it is
not clear to what species Bailey is referring.
Gay (1849) says of the genus Verbena: "En Chile son muy comunes,
pero es sin duda por equivocacion que se le ha mencionado la Verb.
tenera de Spr." I have not seen any material of it from Chile.
The Sellow specimen depicted in the Bailey Hortorium photograph
cited below is deposited in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic
Gardens at Kew.
The Moldenke, Moldenke, & Jayasuriya 28150, distributed as V.
tenera, is actually V. monacensis Moldenke, while Arnoldo-Proeders
3599 & 3642 are xV. teasii Moldenke and Hassib s.n. [22/V/i9ui] is
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 395
V. temuisecta Briq.
~~ Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Sellow s.n.
[Brasilia] (Ba--photo). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED:
Maldonado s.n. (Pd).
VERBENA TENERA var. ALBIFLORA Kuntze
Additional bibliography: Hepper in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W.
Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 34. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 23.
1972.
The white-flowered "V. tenera" of Hepper (1963) is more prob=
ably V. tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke.
VERBENA TENERA var. MAONETTI Regel
Additional bibliography: R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. T11. En-
cycl. Gard. 15: 2303. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 23h. 1972.
VERBENA TENUISECTA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres~
ber. 60 (2): 573. 19413; R. O. Williams, Useful & Ornament. Pl.
Zanzib. 482. 199; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz.
Fl. 112 [thesis]. 1951; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18:
171. 1958; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3—5,
text fig. 5. 1962; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 2:
2266. 1966; Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 3: 111. 1970; Beadle,
Evans, Carolin, & Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2, 507. 1972; C.
A. Br., Wildfls. La. 156 & 26. 1972; G. W. Park, Parks Flow.
Book 1973: 86. 1972; Venter, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 38: 231. 1972;
Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 218, 219, 232—2h1, & 253 (1972), 25:
228 & 234 (1973), and 28: 112, 113, 116, 206, & 216. 197.
Additional illustrations: Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard.
Lucknow 76: 3, text fig. 5 [as "V. pinnatifida"]. 1962; C. A.
Br., Wildfls. La. 156 (in color). 1972; G. W. Park, Parks Flow.
Book 1973: 86 [as "V. Bipinnatifida"] (in color). 1972.
It seems most probable that the "V. tenera" of dilliams (1949)
cultivated on Pemba and Zanzibar islands, the "V. tenera" and
"V. erinoides" of Burkill (1966), the "V. bipinnatifida" of Drar
(1970), the "V. Bipinnatifida" of Park: (1972), the "V. tenera"
of Hepper (1963), and the "V. pinnatifida" of Nair & Rehman
(1962) are all actually V. tenuisecta, a species far more wide-
spread in cultivation and escaped from cultivation than the spe-
cies named by these authors. Park (1972) describes his plant as
"A showy 15 in. everblooming perennial in lavender-blue with
lovely fern-like foliage". Beadle and his associates (1972) de-
scribe it as a "Prostrate and ascending annual less than 50 cm
high. Introd. from S. Amer.", the "Upper and lower leaves ca. 2
cm long, all deeply divided and subdivided." Venter (1972) re-
fers to it as an "Herb of disturbed places", with purple flowers,
blooming from September to February in South Africa.
The specimen depicted in the Bailey Hortorium photograph cited
below of Morong 219 is deposited in the herbarium of the United
396 P H.Y 2.0.4.0 G1 A Vol. 28, no. i
States Department of Agriculture, while that of JUrgensen 2165 is
in the United States National Herbarium at Washington.
Recent collectors describe this plant as 8 inches tall (Col-
lins), in erect clumps 9 inches tall (Bayliss), or 12 inches tall
(McClintock), anc have found it growing on rocky campos, dry
roadsides, sandy roadfills, in stream bottoms, and very sandy
soil in full exposure to the sun, while Lindeman & Haas refer to
is as "gregarious on campos".
The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Abedin 26h3,
Bayliss BS .5318, DeWolf 138), Dress, Moore, & Lawrence ence 633, M Mc
Clintock s.n. [June 26, i961], H. E He Ee Moore 823, Nafday Nafday 112, and
Qaiser & Ghafoor 4891, "purple with a minute white eye" on on Lun-
dell & & Lundell T1065, "magenta-purple" on Shinners 11012,
"purplish-blue" on Lindeman & Haas 1021, "lavender" on I I. Collins
sen. [July 29, 191), "violet" on | Dress "1561, Hatschbach h 30817,
Hatschbach & Galeton 18368, and Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Quar-
in 22778, "dark-purple" on "on Abedin W392; "pinkish-purple" on Abe-
din | 7327, and "violet—blue" on "on Y. W, W, de Silva 722. The short,
White, s strigose hairs on the asics & are - very sparse in Hatschbach
& Guimarfes 18368 and it is very possible that two races or forms
are represented in the material cited.
Material of V. tenuisecta has been misidentified and distribu-
ted in some herbaria as "V. bonariense L." or "V. terna Spreng."
Knauz sen. [7/2/h1] is a mixture with Vv. bipinnatifida | Nutt.
~~Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Columbus Co.: Bell 11313
(B1--150282); Moldenke & Moldenke 27037 (Ba). SOUTH CAROLINA:
Lee Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 27017 (Ld). GEORGIA: Baker Co.: Mol-
denke & Moldenke 26890 (Ld). “Bleckley Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke
26932 (Ac). Calhoun Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26905 (Ba, Ps--132h).
Columbia Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2699 (Ac). “Dougherty Co.: Mol-
denke & Moldenke 26907 (Ac), 26912 (Ld). Early Co.: Moldenke &
Moldenke 26882 (Ac). Liberty Co.: Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2605 (Ld).
Lowndes Co.: o.: DeWolf 1384 (Ba). McIntosh Co.: Moldenke & & Moldenke
26414 (Ac). Pulaski Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26927 (Ba). Taylor
Co.: | Dress, Moore, & Lawrence 633 (Ba, Bl--253600). Turner Co.:
Moldenke & Voldenke , 26915 (Ac). Ware Co.: P. 0. Schallert oo
(Ba). Warren Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2698 (Ba). Wilcox Co.:
Moldenke & Moldenke 2692@la (Id). Wilkinson Co.: Moldenke & Mol-
denke 26939 (Ld). Worth Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2691), (Ba) ane
FLORIDA: Bay Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2667 26675 ( Tay 26690 O (Ba),
2670) (Ac). Duval Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke ee (Ba). Escambia
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 267h1 (Ld). Holmes Co.: Moldenke & Mol-
denke 26725 (Ac). Jackson Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26717 (Ld).
Lafayette C Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26580 (Bajiao L ake Co.: Moldenke
& Moldenke 26496 (Ws). Okaloosa Co.: Moldenke & aeideae 26738
(Ba). Orange Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26197 (Ac). Polk Co.: Co-
197) Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 397
nard s.n. (Mar. 23, 1961] (Ea). Santa Rosa Co.: Moldenke & Mol-
denke . 26740 (Ac). Tavlor Co,: Moldenke & Moldenke 26587 (Ld).
Wakulla Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26607 (Ac). Walton Co.: Molden-
ke & Moldenke 26732 (Ld). Washington Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke
2672 (Ba), 20744 (Ba). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: Moldenke & Molden~
ke ke 26749 resp Barbour Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26370 (Ba),
26871 71 (Ac). Butler Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26865 (Ba). Choctaw
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26850 (Ac, Id). Crenshaw Co.: Moldenke
& Moldenke 26866 (Ac). . Henry Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26872 (Ld).
Houston Co Co.: ': Moldenke & Moldenke 26877 (Ba). Pike Co.: “Moldenke &
Moldenke 26867 Heehd)s MISSISSIPPI: Forrest Co.: Moldenke & Molden-
ke 26822 (id). Lamar Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26820 (Ac). Marion
Co.: = Moldenke & Moldenke 26817 (Ba). Pearl River Co.: Moldenke &
Moldenke- 26799 (Ba); F. H. Sar, Sargent 8570 (Bl--208272). Perry Coe:
Moldenke & Moldenke 26827 (Ba). Stone Co.: Moldenke & hioldenke
2678) (Ld). Walthall Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26812 (ld). Wayne
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26840 (Ac). LOUISIANA: : Orleans Par.:
Knauz s.n. [7/2/h1] (E—1302083). Washington Par.: Moldenke &
Moldenke 26805 (Ac). TEXAS: Angelina Co.: Lundell & Lundell
11065 (Mi). Hardin Co.: Cory 52723 (Bl1—-90688). Smith Co.: H. E.
Moore 823 (Ba). Upshur Co.: Shinners 14012 (Ba). ARIZONA: Pima
Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 27954 (Ld). BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach
30817 (Ld); Hatschbach & Guimardes 18368 (Ac); Lindeman & Haas
1021 (N). Rio Grande do Sul: Krapovickas, Cristébal, & & Quarfin
22778 (Ld). PARAGUAY: Hassler 2650 (Ba—photo), 12k (Ba—=photo) ;
Morong 219 (Ba--photo, Ba—photo). ARGENTINA: Chaco: JOrgensen
2465 (Ba-—photo) . Entre Rfos: Rufz Huidobro 3588 (Bl1—1050l2).
Santa Fé: Rufz Huidobro 3359 (B1--10503). EGYPT: Hellendoorn
5.n. (18/771965] (Gz, Gz). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bayliss
BS.5313 (N). PAKISTAN: Lahore: Abedin 2643 (Kh, Kh). Northwest
Frontier: Abedin 7327 (Kh), 7392 (Kh). Sind: Qaiser & Ghafoor
4891 (Kh). ~~ GULTIVATED: California: McClintock s.n. [June 26,
1961] (Ba). Ceylon: Y. W. de Silva 722 (Pd). Egypt: Boulos s.n.
{July 1952] (Gz); Hassib s.n. [7/3/1929] (Gz, Gz), sen. [22/h/
1941] (Gz, Gz); Herd. Un Univ. v. Kahir. sen. (Gz, Gz); Sisi | s.n. [30/
5/1973] (Gz); G. “Tackholm s sen. [October 1925] (Gz); Ve V. Tackholm
sen. [2/11/1959] (Gz). India: Nafday 112 (Ba). New ; Jersey: I.
Collins s.n. [July 29, 1941] (Ba). New York: Dress 1561 (Ba).
Sudan: - Drar | & Mahdi 2525 (Gz). Venezuela: Rufz—Teran & | & Lépez-
Palacios 3 6201 ye”
VERBENA TENUISECTA var. ALBA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Hepper in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W.
Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 43h. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 20
(1972) and 28: 03. 197k.
398 Pon? TO LO Geis Vol. 28, no. 4
Recent collectors have found this plant growing on rocky cam.
pos, in sandy clay roadsides, on road shoulders, and, according to
DeWolf, "occasional" in acid bogs along roadsides. Collins de-
scribes it as growing 8 inches tall. In addition to the months
previously reported by me, it has been collected in flower in Sep-
tember and in fruit in May . Pancho asserts that it is "commonly
cultivated in most Philippine Islands gardens". Hatschbach &
Guimarfes refer to it as a "rare form". The white-flowered "V.
tenera" of Hepper (1967) is most probably V. tenuisecta var. alba.
Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar-
ia under the designation Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Troncoso.
Additional citations: GEORGIA: Baker Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke
26892 (Ba). Bleckley Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26933 (Id). Cal-
hhoun Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26906 (Ac, c, Ps—1325). Early Co.:
Moldenke & Moldenke 2688 (Ld). Lo Lowndes Co.: DeWolf 1385 (Ba).
FLORIDA: Okaloosa Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26739 (Ba). ~ Wakulla
Cow: Moldenke & Moldenke 26608 (Ac). Walton Co.: Moldenke & Mol-
denke 26733 (Ws), 26735 (Ld Id). ALABAMA: Henry Co.: Moldenke & , Mol-
denke 26873 (Ac, Id). LOUISIANA: Lincoln Par.: Shinners 1999,
(Ba). “BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach & Guimarfes 1986 (Gz). ~~ ARGEN-
TINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas & Cristébal 15588 (Ws). CULTIVATED:
New Jersey: I. Collins s.n. [July 29, 1941] (Ba (Ba). Philippine Is-
lands: Pancho 0 1062 (Ba).
VERBENA TEUCRIIFOLIA Mart. & Gal.
Additional & emended bibliography: Schau., Linnaea 20: 77—
4,78. 1847; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr., pr. 1, 11: 553 & 555. 18h7;
Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 575. 19i1; Schau.
ins. DOs, Prodr.s, pre 2, li: 553 & 555. 1966; Sanchez Sanchez,
Fl. Val. Mex., ed. , 329, fig. 263-D. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia
2h: 2hi--2h2. ae
Additional illustrations: Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed, l,
fig. 263-D. 1969.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in colonies in
woodlands of Pinus cooperi, Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis, and
Arctostaphylos pungens. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) encountered it on
the pedregal in the Valley of Mexico. The corollas are described
as having been "pale-blue" on Hinton & al. 17320 and "dark-purple"
on Rzedowski & McVaugh 619.
The Genelle & Fleming 82 and Long & Burch 3321, distributed as
ve. teucriifolia, are actually Ve. ciliata Benth.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Detling 8425 (W--2669327).
México: Lundell & Lundell 12370 (Mi). Michoac&n: Rzedowski & Mc
Vaugh 619 (Mi). Nuevo Leén: Hi Hinton & al. 17320 (Mi).
VERBENA TEUCRIIFOLIA var. COROLLULATA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 1941; Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 242. 1972.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 399
Moore describes this plant as "trailing, dense cover with fib-
rous roots" and found it flowering in September. The corollas on
H. E. Moore 22 are said to have been "magenta" in color when
fresh.
Additional citations: MEXICO: Puebla: H. E. Moore 22 (Ba).
VERBENA THYMOIDES Cham.
Additional & emended bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito-
geogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 840 & xix, map 1395. 1971; Moldenke,
Phytologia 24: 242. 1972.
The Angely (1971) work cited above was previously erroneously
cited by me as "1970", the title-page date, but the volume invol-
ved was not actually published until 1971.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Sellow s.n.
(Brasilia] (Ba--cotype).
VERBENA TOMOPHYLLA Briq.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 23. 1972.
Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Formosa: Jorgensen 2636 (E—
866406) .
VERBENA TRIFIDA H.B.K.
Additional bibliography: Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328.
1840; Schau., Linnaea 20: [{76]. 187; raxt., Pock. Bot. Dict.,
ed. 2, 328. 1849; Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 23--2. 1972.
Paxton (180) asserts that this species was introduced into
cultivation in Mngland in 1818. Pring found it growing on savan-
nas, flowering in May.
a citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Pring 9) (E—
904950) «
VERBENA TUMIDULA Perry
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (2): 575. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 2h. 1972.
VERBENA URTICIFOLIA L.
Additional synonymy: Verbena virginica L., Philos. Bot. 99.
1751. Verbena urticifolia @ floribus albis Willd., Emm. Pl.
Hort. Berol. 2: 63). 1809. Verbena urticaefolium Clute, Am. Bot-
anist 33: 11h, sphalm. 1927. Verbena riparia Small & Heller ex
nasa Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 22h, in syn. 1937 [not V. riparia Raf.,
33 ° ae
Additional & emended bibliography: L., Philos. Bot. 99. 1751;
Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 3. 1797; Desf., Tabl. Keol. Bot., ed.
1, 54. 1804; Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 634. 1809; Desf.,
Tabl. col. Bot., ed. 2, 66. 1815; E. Ell., Sketch, pr. 1 & 2, 98—
99 & 743. 1821; Bigel., Florul. Boston., ed. 1, 239. 182k; J.
Torr., Compend. Fl. 238. 1826; Bigel., Florul. Boston., ed. 3, 25h.
1840; Paxt., Pock. Bot. Dict., ed. 1, 328 (180) and ed. 2, 328.
1849; O. R. Willis, Fl. Westchester Co. 801. 1880; J. L. Bennett,
Pl. Rhode Isl. 30. 1888; J. Jacks., Fl. Worcester Co., ed. 2, 0.
4,00 FP Hey D0 £70 GuTsa Vol. 28, no. 4
189); Baerecke, Anal. Key Ferns & Flow. Pl. Atl. Sect. Middl.
Fla. 114. 1906; W. Stone, Rep. N. J. State Mus. 1910 (2): 660.
1911; Twining, Fl. Northeast. Penn. 60. 1917; Blewitt, Fl. Water-
bury 105. 1926; Clute, Am. Botanist 33: 11). 1927; Anon., Kew
Bull. Misc. Inf. 1929, App. 3: 108. 1929; Fedde & Schust. in Just,
Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1076 [1058]. 1932; Rydb., Fl. Prairies &
Plains, pr. 1, 677 & 967. 1932; Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 22h. 1937;
Martin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wildlife & Pl., pr. 1, ly. 1951: L. J.
Bradley, Ferns & Flow. Pl. Audub. Center 17, 67, & 100. 1955; Fell,
Fl. Winnebago Co. 122--123. 1955; C. E. Phillips, Weeds Northeast
3 & 80. 1956; R. McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 360A: 195, 196,
358, 388, & 432. 1958; H. H. Iltis, Prelim. Checklist Ferns Seed
Pl. Upham Woods, ed. 1, 12. 1960; hiartin, Zim, & Nels., Am. Wild-
life & Pl., pr. 2, kl). 1961; Grieve, Modern Herb., pr. 2, 2: 832.
1967; H. H. Iltis, Prelim. Checklist Ferns Seed Pl. Upham Woods,
ed. 2, 12. 1968; Stuckey & Wentz, Ohio Journ. Sci. 69: 237. 1969;
Delorit, Illust. Tax. Man. Weed Seeds 96 & 97. 1970; Bilers, Univ.
Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 21: 61 & 123. 1971; S. Ell., Sketch, pr. 3,
2: 98--99 & 743. 1971; Ellis, Wofford, & Chester, Castanea 36:
2,2. 1971; Musselman, Cochrane, Rice, & Rice, Mich. Pot. 10: 18h.
1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 2: 677 & 967. 1971;
Sipple, Bartonia hl: 13, 21, & 27. 1971; H. V. Sm., Wildfl. Winter
201. 1971; Stafleu, Linnaeus & Linn. [65]. 1971; Wherry, Bartonia
41: 79. 1971; Stalter, Castanea 36: 17h (1971) and 37: 225. 1972;
Chuey, Ohio Journ. Sci. 72: 43. 1972; D. S. & He B. Correll, Aqu-
at. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S. 1396 & 1399. 1972; Hutton, Castanea
37: 242. 1972; P. R. Pearson, Morris Arb. Bull. 23: hh. 1972;
Wilkinson & Jaques, How to Know Weeds, ed. 2, 12h, 207, & 231
fig. 297 & 298. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 2ki—252 (1972) and
25: 225 & 226. 1973; Cody, Ind. Sem. 1973: 26. 1973; Davidson,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 50. 1973; Lommasson, Nebr. Wild Fls.
86 & 18h. 1973; L. P. Mill., Phytochem. 1: 329, 362, 393, & 410.
1973; Ralph, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Coast. Pl. Comm. 29. 19735 Rick-
ett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): Suu, [545], & 783, pl. 196. 1973; W.
Stone, Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 660. 1973; Barans, Castanea 39:
aneae Mohlenbrock % Voigt, Fl. South. Ill. 286, 287, & 389.
1974.
Additional illustrations: H. V. Sm., Wilcfl. Winter 201. 1971;
Wilkinson & Jaques, How to Know Weeds, ed. 2, 12), fig. 297. 1972;
Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 6 (3): [545], pl. 196 (in color). 1973.
Raeuschel (1797) describes this species as both annual and per-
ennial and credits it to Virginia, Davidson (1973) calls it an an-
nual and biennial. Torrey (1843) describes its corollas a "white
or sometimes slightly tinged with rose-color" and gives its habitat
as "Road=-sides, old fields, etc.; very common [in New York state].
Probably introduced from Europe. July-September. This plant was
held sacred among the ancients, and used in making leagues by am-
bassadors, sacrificial rites, incantations, etc." The latter part
of this statement is, of course, completely erroneous. Verbena urti-
cifolia is native only to North America (not Europe!) and was not
known to the ancients! The plant he is here erroneously referring
197 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 401
to is the Old World V. officinalis. The rose-colored form to
which he alludes is now known as V. urticifolia var. incarnata
(Raf.) Moldenke. He continues: "Between this species and the pre-
ceding [V. hastata] there are several intermediate hybrid forms,
which, as well as other hybrid Verbenas, have been carefully and
a Saha described by Dr. Engelmann in Silliman's Journal, vol.
The corollas are usually described as "white" in this typical
form of the species, as, for instance, on Allard 11989 & 21188
and E. H. Walker 3665. "the Ward s.n. [July 1h, 1804], cited be-
low, “exhibits de deeply incised-dentate _ leaf-blades and may prove to
be worthy of a form designation — or it may even represent the
rybrid xV. baile Moldenke.
= [to be contimed]
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LUX
Harold N. Moldenke
ERIOCAULON NILAGIRENSE f. PARVIFOLIUM Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei statura humiliore et foliis
brevioribus recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in its
generally lower stature and especially in its mature leaves at
time of anthesis being much shorter, usually averaging only 8--
18 cm. in length.
The type of the form was collected by Harold Norman Moldenke,
Alma Lance Moldenke, Antony Harold Magdon Jayasuriya, and Don
Bhathiya Sumithraarachchi (no. 28276) in a ditch in black patana
grassland on the Horton Plains along the road from Farr Inn to
World's End, at an altitude of 7000 feet, Nuwara-Eliya District,
Central Province, Sri Lanka, on January 29, 197, and is depos-
ited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey.
ERIOCAULON WILLDENOVIANUM var. FERGUSONII Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis vaginisque den-
siuscule longeque villosis, pilis allbidis mollibus, recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves and sheaths rather densely long-villous with
shaggy, soft, whitish hairs.
The type of the variety was collected by W. Ferguson in the
Cinnamon Gardens at Colombo, Colombo District, Western Province,
Sri Lanka, in March, 1883, and is deposited in the herbarium of
the Sri Lanka Botanical Garden at Peradeniya.
02 P Beets 020):0) Gal cA Vol. 28, no. h
LANTANA CAMARA var. NANA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei statura valde humiliore
recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
its regularly lower stature at maturity, usually attaining a height
of only 1 meter or less. It is widely cultivated as a border or
rock-garden or window-box plant.
The type of the variety was collected by Ellys Theodora Molden-
ke and Harold Norman Moldenke (no. 11903) in outdoor cultivation
at the New York Botanical Garden, in the so-called "perennial
border", Bronx Park, Bronx County, New York, on October lj, 19),
and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botani-
cal Garden.
LANTANA PRIMULINA Moldenke, sp. nov.
Herba lignosa 1 m. alta; ramis densissime hispidis; foliis de=
cussato-oppositis sessilibus subrotundis late ellipticisve ovato-
subrotundisve 2--3.5 cm. longis 1.5—2.8 cm. latis utrinque plus-
minusve hispidis ad apicem rotundatis vel rotundato-acutis mar-
ginibus regulariter serratis ad basin rotundatis; inflorescentiis
axillaribus; pedunculis elongatis 8--13 cm. longis dense hispidis;
capitulis hemisphaericis miltifloris; bracteis foliaceis ovatis
8--10 ma. longis ca. 5 mm. latis extus dense albido-hispidis; cor-
ollis hypocrateriformibus luteis.
Woody herb, about 1 m. tall; branches rather slender, obtusely
tetragonal or subterete, very densely hispid with wide-spreading
sordid-whitish stiff hairs; leaves decussate-opposite, the lowest
smaller, all sessile, varying from subrotund to broadly elliptic
or ovate-subrotund, 2-~3.5 cm. long, 1.5--2.8 cm. wide, more or
less densely hispid on both surfaces with long whitish hairs which
become appressed in pressing, rounded or rounded-acute at the apex,
regularly serrate along the margins, rounded at the base; inflores-
cence only axillary, capitate, far surpassing the subtending
leaves; peduncles slender, divergent, 8—13 am. long, densely his-
pid with wide-spreading sordid-whitish hairs; heads hemispheric,
many-flowered, small, about 1.5 cm. wide and 1 cm. high in anthe-
sis; bracts foliaceous, very conspicuous, broadly ovate, 8--10 mn.
long, about 5 mm. wide at the base, densely white-hispid on the
outer (lower) surface, the hairs more or less appressed in press-
ing; corolla hypocrateriform, yellow, equaling and mostly hidden
by the bracts.
The type of this species was collected by E. A. Robinson (no.
4452) in damp grassy upland in the Mafinga Hills, Northern Prov-
ince, Malawi, at an altitude of 1850 meters, on March 11, 1961,
and is deposited as sheet no. 1776676 in the herbarium of the
Missouri Botanical Garden at Saint Louis, Missouri.
LANTANA TRIPLINERVIA var. HISPIDA (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb. nov.
Lantana minasensis var. hispida Moldenke, Phytologia 23: Sh.
Lies
1974 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 403
LANTANA TRIPLINERVIA var. LONGIBRACTEOLATA (Moldenke) Moldenke,
comb. nov.
Lantana minasensis var. longibracteolata Moldenke, Phytologia
13: 242. 1966.
LANTANA TRIPLINERVIA var. MONASENSIS (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb. &
stat. nov.
Lantana minasensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 138. 1918.
LANTANA TRIPLINERVIA var. PUZERULENTA (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb.
nov.
Lantana minasensis var. puberulenta Moldenke, Phytologia 25:
220. 1973.
LIPPIA INTERMEDIA var. PARVIFOLIA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis maturis brevioribus
1.3-—-2 cm. longis 6--9 mm. latis ad apicem acutissime argutis
marginibus crasse serratis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its
mature leaves at time of anthesis being shorter, only 1.3—2 cm.
long and 6—9 mm. wide, much more sharply acute at the apex, and
with the marginal teeth much coarser.
The type of the variety was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no.
32582) on a "campo limpo" at Anfiteatro, in ths Municipality of
Ponta Grossa, Paran4, Brazil, on September 27, 1973, and is de-
posited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. The
corollas are said to have been yellow when fresh and the plant
is very obviously xylopodiferous.
PREMNA OBTUSIFOLIA var. SERRATIFOLIA (L.) Moldenke, stat. nov.
Premna serratifolia L., Mant. 253. 1771.
SYNGONANTHUS FISCHERIANUS var. HATSCHBACHII Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei bracteis involucrantibus
regulariter at apicem attanuato-acutis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its receptacular bractlets regularly and gradually attenu-
ate to the sharply acute apex and more glistening white.
The type of the variety was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no.
32760) —- in whose honor it is named — in the "brejo" at Rio
Atuba, in the Municipality of Curitiba, Parand, Brazil, on Octo-
ber 30, 1973, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plain-
field, New Jersey.
XVERBENA STUPROSA Moldenke, hybr. nov.
Herba hybrida, ramis gracilibus tetragonis glabrescentibus; fol-
iis anguste ellipticis 2--6 cm. longis 3--10 mm. latis brevissime
petiolatis vel subsessilibus ad apicem acutis ad basin gradatim at-
tenuatis firmis marginibus parvissime adpresseque serrulatis utrin-
que sparse antrorseque strigulosis; inflorescentiis numerosis spi-
Ol PAY DOcb0'G 1A Vol, 28, now ue
catis elongatis 12--20 cm. longis gracillimis tenuissimis dense
multifloris debilibus ubique minutissime sparsissimeque strigillo-
sis; bracteolis lanceolatis ca. 2 mm. longis breviter acuminatis;
calyce 2——3 mn. longo.
Hybrid herb, probably a natural hybrid between V. simplex Lehm.
and V. urticifolia L.; stems and branches slender, “rather sharply
tetragonal, grayish, minutely strigillose when young, soon glabres—
cent; leaves decussate~-opposite, very shortly petiolate or sub-
sessile, the blades firm, very narrowly elliptic, 2--6 cm. long, 3—
10 mm. wide, acute at the apex, serrulate along the margins with
very small appressed teeth, gradually attenuate to the base, sparse-
ly strigillose on both surfaces with scattered antrorse whitish
hairs; inflorescence terminating stems and branches, apparently
numerous and irregular, spicate, the spikes numerous, mostly elon-
gate, 12--20 cm. long (in fruit), very slender and weak, densely
many—flowered and many-fruited with imbricate flowers and fruits,
very minutely and sparsely strigillose throughout; peduncles very
much abbreviated, about 1 cm. long, slender and resembling the
branches; rachis very slender and weak; bracts very small, lanceo-
late, about 2 mm. long, short-acuminate at the apex, equaling the
flowering calyx, shorter than the fruiting calyx, 2—3 mm. long,
minutely and very sparsely strigillose on the outer surface, its
rim minutely l|-apiculate.
The type of this hybrid was collected by Heinrich Karl Daniel
Eggert in waste places at Corning, Clay County, Arkansas, on Aug-
ust 21, 1896, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Missouri
Botanical Garden at Saint Louis, Missouri, as sheet no. 118279.
VITEX NEGUNDO var. PURPURASCENS Sivarajan & Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit ramis foliisque
subtus paniculisque calycibusque corollisque dense purpurso—-
pubescentibus, corollis uhique atropurpureis, fauce pilis griseis
et purpureis intermixta, filamentis styloque purpureis, et fila-
mentis ad basin purpureo-pilosis.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its branches, under surface of the leaflet-blades, panicles,
calyxes, and corollas densely purple-pubescent (slightly fading in
age), the corollas deep-purple throughout, their throat with gray
and purple hairs mixed, the stamen filaments purplish and with
purple hairs at the base, and the style purple. In the typical
form of the species the branches and under surface of the leaflets
are densely gray-pubescent, the panicles, calyxes, and corollas
are gray-pubescent, the corolla-tube is light-pink, the limb is
light-purple, and the throat has only gray hairs within, the fila-
ments are white with gray hairs at the base, and the style is
white.
The type of the variety was collected by V. V. Sivarajan (no.
18h9) on the Calicut University campus in Calicut, India, on May
9, 9, 197h, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield,
New Jersey. I am indebted to Dr. Sivarajan for the details of
the description and comparisons.
FLOTSAM AND JETSAM OF CANTON ATOLL, SOUTH PACIFIC
Otto & Isa Degener
Canton, a Pacific Ocean atoll lying between latitude 2° 46* and
2° 52° S., and longitude 171° 37" and 171° 44" wW., is the most north-
ern of eight low coral islands comprising the Phoenix Group. Resem=
dling a pork chop in shape, it is about eight miles long, and has its
longer axis lying roughly from its narrower eastern end to its four
miles wide western end (figs 1). The atoll consists of a rim 150 to
1,800 feet wide enclosing a shallow lagoon of about 25 square mileso
The greatest elevation of the island is twenty feet.
Evidently built around a volcanic core, the atoll consists main-
ly of the calcareous skeletons and shells of invertebrates, frag-
ments of coralline algae, and a few vertebrate skeletonse All have
been comminuted into sand and powder, andor cemented into vast
stretches of calcite. These last rim the island and are worn smooth
by the waves washing back and forth over them with scouring materi-
al. The dry atoll rim of calcite fragments, sand and powder is more
or less glued together by felt-like or gelatinous films of numerous
genera of blue-green algae (Degener & Degener 1959). Bird excre=
ment, hardly guano, accumulates under the rookeries of booby and
frigate birds nesting preferably on scaevola bushes (Murphy et ale,
1954; figs 2). Rare areas of humus may be found in patches of for-
est, the result not only of fallen twigs and leaves, but from ac-
cumulated excrement of the terrestrial hermitcrab Coenobita perlat-
use Some of this earth, an estimated collection of 1,000 years,
may be four inches deepe
The atoll was of little importance until Pan American World Air-
ways began to use it as a refueling station in 1939 for aircraft on
Honolulu-Auckland flights. As both Great Britain and the United
States laid claim to this flat area, the controversy was amicably
settled April 6, 1939 by agreement to administer the atoll jointly
as a condominium for fifty years and "thereafter until such time as
it may be modified or terminated by mutual consent." With outbreak
of World War II, Canton became the hub of Pacific air movement by
United States Military Forces. In 1942, with 1,143 Army personnel
stationed there, it was used for antisubmarine search and photo-
graphic reconnaisance missions. A year later it was the main base
for the conquest of the Gilbert Islands from the Japanese. By 1950
commercial activity was at its senith, with four major airlines in-
volved and a resident force of about 300 Americans and Britishe
With continuous improvement in airplanes, the importance of Can-
ton as a refueling station waned. The last scheduled commercial
stop was in 1959. That same year the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) selected Canton as Project Mercury Tracking
405
1,06 PHY POL OG. A Vol. 28, no. h
Station Number 11, and for a few years until 1966 to support the
astronauts in Project Geminis During 1968 the Government of Ameri-
can Samoa was permitted to salvage whatever it wanted from deacti-
vated installations. In 1970 the atoll became a Space and Missile
Test Center serviced by United States personnel, many being Samoans
(Bickett 1971 for details and references).
As Botanical Consultant for Canton Atoll for the Civil Aeronau-
tics Administration (CAA), Otto Degener explored and worked on the
atoll for a week in July 1950 and for six weeks in April-May 1951.
Isa Degener and he then continued study of the atoll for about three
weeks in February-March 1958.
Canton has been under the scrutiny of many scientists practic-
ing diverse disciplinese According to the entomologist van Zwalue
wenburg (1942) on Canton "Between December 1940 and February 1941
there were some weeks of strong westerly winds which attained a
velocity of 55 knotse The effect of these prolonged gales on the
normal ocean currents, though temporary, must have been consider-=
able. Drift-borne seeds were absent or at least inconspicuous on
the Canton beaches the year before, but by Augugt they were a
striking feature of the shore line everywhere. It is assumed that
their presence is a result of the gales of the previous winter."
He forthwith mentions what he considers to be Myristica spe, En-
tada scandens, Inocarpus edulis, Mucuna spp. (ay, Caesalpinia cris-
ta, Canarium spe, Barringtonia speciosa, Terminalia catappa, Cer-
bera odollam, unidentified spp. OF Aleurites moluccana, Pandanus
Spey and viable Cocos. "Seeds of many of the species listed had
sprouted after stranding. Between 35 and 50 coconut sprouts were
estimated to be still present in September along the entire 27-
mile perimeter of the island, but these were only a fraction of
the total number of coconuts cast up. Some of the hazards attende
ing the survival of seedling plants from drift seeds are obvious:
Coenobita olivieri Owen /C. perlatus] shred the husk of coconuts
and eat out the contents of the sprouted nuts; flood tides drench
many seedlings with sea waters in at least one case high water
buried a sprouted palm deep in sand. So the complete failure of any
of the above named species to become established on Canton in the
past - - = is not surprising when, to the hazards already mention-
ed, are added the inevitable recurrent shortages of raino"™
When we visited the island in the winter of 1957-58, we similar-
ly found on its beaches great accumulations of floated debris, most-
ly wood (fig. 3), fruits and seeds (fig. 4) reminiscent of the situ-
ation mentioned by van Zwaluwenburg. Such objects, often with super-
ficial scrutiny, can be identified to the genus; and, particularly
fruits and seeds, to the species. For the specific determination of
thousands of puzzling Canavalia seeds, however, considerable space
in a garden is needed to raise them so that the plants can be iden-
tified by study of flowers, legumes and seeds. We lacked such spaceo
Nevertheless, one questionable Canton seed collected in 1958 and
197 O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll 07
planted in our garden at Mokuleia Beach, Oahu, Hawaii, is now a 50
foot tall Hernandia peltata Meissn. Though hundreds of seeds of Ery-
thrina were collected on Canton, only a few were pjanted in the gar-
den. One, allowed to flower and fruit, was E. variegata var. orien-
talis (L.) Merr. Becoming too ‘arge and beginning to buckle a house
foundation, it was chopped down. Its larger limbs and its trunk seg-
ments, rolled to the beach for disposal, soon struck root and sprout-
ed. This variety evidently can colonize isolated islands not only by
seed but by trunk fragments. With facilities to plant a thousand Can-
ton seeds of Erythrina and a thousand of the very variable seeds of
Canavalia, many as yet undescribed taxa might have been discoverede
As many representative propagules were collected, chiefly along
the north shore, as the expense of shipping them home permitted.
Numbered voucher specimens have been deposited at the New York Bot-
anical Garden (NY) with unicates, and similar collections at the U-
niversity of Massachusetts (MASS), Berlin (B), Kew (K), Bishop Muse-
um (BISH), Arnold Arboretum (A), Cornell (BH, CU), Geneva (G), Mun-
ich (M), Smithsonian (US), St. Louis (MO), United States Department
of Agriculture (USFS), Vienna (W) and elsewhere. Many of these spec-
imens have been so efficiently filed away taxonomically that it is
impracticable to reassemble them to ascertain their herbarium num- _
berse We succeeded in identifying most of the disseminules ourseliv-
es. Dr. R. Melville independently identified many of the numbers we
had identified and, in addition, many unknown to us; and so did like-
wise Dr. Charles R. Gunn, Mr. John V. Dennis and Miss MeHe Stoneo
Intrigued by a 1968 article by Dr. Gunn about stranded seeds and
fruits along Florida's shore, we dusted off our old notes, photo-
graphs and the few specimens remaining to us. We then prepared the
present paper, with editorial suggestions from Gunn and Dennis. Two
companion papers should follow: one, under authorship of Degeners,
Gunn and Dennis, should describe and illustrate the Canton Atoll
material in some detail; while the other, under authorship of Gunn
and Dennis, might concentrate on wind and ocean currents in the Pa-
cific, and buoyancye
The following lists what we believe we collected on Canton. As
the identification of certain propagules - especially of Canavalia,
Erythrina, Mucuna, Terminalia - is difficult or impossible unless
these can be grown to produce identifiable flowers, the list is a
tentative one. Some of the specimens bear Degener & Degener collec-
tion numbers.
Cycadaceae: Cycas circinalis L., D. & D. 24,668.
Podocarpaceae: ?Podocarpus elongata L'Herit.
Pandanaceae: Pandanus spp.
Palmae: ?Borassus, D. & D. 24,625; Cocos nucifera L.; Nypa frutes-
cens Wurmbe, D. & De 24,692.
Taccaceae: Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze.
Casuarinaceae: Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
4,08 P Hoy, T 024540) @- Tk Vol, 28, no.
Fagaceae: Quercus bennettii Miq., D. & D. 24,683.
Olacaceae: ?Ximenia americana L.
Cassythaceae: Cassytha filiformis L.
Hernandiaceae: Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Presl) Kubitski; H. peltata
Meissne, andor some Similiar species, D. & D. 24,697, 24,702.
Chrysobalanaceae: Parinari glaberrima Hasske
Leguminosae: Canavalia cathartica Thouars, D. & D. 24,6753; C. mi-
cropiper (DC.) Piper; C. sppe, many taxa, some probably new;
Cynometra spe; Dioclea reflexa Hook. f., D. & D. 24,684, 24,
975; De violacea Mart., D. & D. 24,671; D. spp.$; Entada phase-
oloides (L.) Merr., andor related sppe, D. & D. 24,628, 24,
6293 Erythrina variegata var. orientalis (L.) Merr., andor o-
ther sppe, D. & D. S269; Guilandina crista (L.) Small; Int-
sia (Afzelia) bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, D. & D. 24,687; Mucuna
igantea (Willd.) DC., D.& D. 24,670; M. cf. gigantea, D. & D.
20,082; M. ?kraikei Warb., D. & D. 24,681, 24,974; M. spp. De &
D. 24,667; Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.; Sophora tomentosa Le, D.
& De 24,706; Strongylodon lucidus (Forst. f.) Seems Cor perhaps
Se pseudolucidus) , D. & De 24,5916
Burseraceae: Canarium cf. decumanum Gaertn.,D,. & D. 24,620; Ce. SpPos
De & De 24,520 3; Cemehenbethene Gaertn., D. & D. 24,6263 Co Sppes
D. & De 24,676, 24,694,
Meliaceae: Xylocarpus (Carapa) moluccensis (Lam.) Roemo, (Globular
fruit always with calcareous tunnels of Teredo clava.), 0. & D.
24,6656
Euphorbiaceae: Aleurites moluccana Willd., D. & De 24,686; Aleu-
rites sp. nove? with walnut-marked seed, D. & D. 24,627; Hevea
brasiliensis (HBK) Muell-Arg.; Hippomane mancinella L., D. & D.
2,699.
Anacardiaceae: Spondias cytherea Sonner.o, (or perhaps doubtfully dis-
tinct S, dulcis), D. & D. 24,672.
Rhamnaceae: Colubrina cf. asiatica Brongn. (Seeds rather small.)
Tiliaceae: Triumfetta procumbens Forst.
Malvaceae: Pariti tiliaceum (L.) Britt.; Thespesia populnea (L.)
Solando
Bombacaceae: ?Ochroma Spe
Sterculiaceae: Heritiera littoralis Dryand.; Melochia sp.
Guttiferae: Calophyllum inophyllum L., D. & D. 24,680.
Flacourtiaceae: Pangium edule Reinwe, D. & De 24,677.
Sonneratiaceae: Sonneratia Spe
Lecythidaceae: Barringtonia speciosa (L.) Kurs.
Combretaceae: ?Lumnitzera; Terminalia cf. catappa L., D. & De 2u,
6733 T. SppPoys De & De 24,668, 24,674, 22 29750
Sapotaceae: Palaquium spe; Sapotaceae?, D. & D. 24,693.
Apocynaceae: Cerbera manghas Le
Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea pes-caprae var. emarginata Halle) esi ennes
D. 24,679.
Boraginaceae: Cordia subcordata Lame, D. & De 24,578; Messerschmid-=
ia argentea (L. f.) Johnston.
Verbenaceae: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.
197k O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll 09
Rubiaceae: Guettarda speciosa L., D. &. D.24,678; Morinda citrifol-
da Le
Apocynaceae: Ochrosia cf. oppositifolia (Lam. ) K. Schum., D. & De
24, 98.
Goodentaceae: Scaevola spe
Compositae: Wedelia biflora (L.) DC.
Because drift logs had housed shipworms of various genera (Banksia
Spe3 Martensia spp.; Teredo bensoni, T. clava, Te samoaensis) and
some goose barnacles (Lepas anatifera), nearly a hundred wood sam-
ples were collected. These were shipped to the late Dr. Charles H.
Edmondson for his studies of wood-fouling organismse Hven logs of
balsa, Ochroma pyramidale (Cave) Urbs, an American species, were
founde These were conspicuous from other dicotyledonous wood by be-
ing practically free of shipworms and entirely free of goose bar=
nacles,This freedom of organisms on floating balsa is due more to
the remarkable lightness of the wood than to any other factor. Bal-
sa wood practically floats on the ocean surface and, with the
slightest breeze, the wet surface is lifted out of the water and
exposed to the drying air. Hence this wood, as a whole, is simply
too dry to sustain marine organisms.
In chopping drift logs for the pallets and shells, so necessary
for the identification of shipworms, we came across several colo-
nies of termites, such as Coptotermes formosana hitherto unrecord-
ed from Cantone These insects appeared to have drifted to the atoll.
It seems reasonable that wood boring insects can survive ocean trans-=
portation within a tree trunk as time is not always sufficient for
wood to get waterlogged through and through. Though not in a posi-
tion to offer proof, it is possible for a knothole in a tree to
seal over so that the enclosed cavity will house propagules of ani-
mals and plants; eggs, cysts, the aestivating or hibernating organ-
isms themselves, spores, seeds, fungus hyphae, etc. Such a drifted
log, cast upon a sun-scorched beach and there decaying, would even-
tually liberate such propagules into such an unfavorable environ-
ment that most would succumb. But another factor promoting survival
and colonization not only for "knothole migrants" but for drift
fruits and seeds enters the picture.
Living at the beach on northern Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, and hav-
ing had cur home and garden devastated by the tsunami or "tidal
waves" of April l, 1946 and March 9, 1957, we were overwhelmed by
one truth. Tsunami are frequent and of enormous effect, pushing
drift of all kinds a few feet to hundreds of feet inland from the
inhospitable beach to often humus soil and loam. Such action of the
tsunami is on a wholesale scale, entire coastlines usually totaling
thousands of miles being affectedo
For some years after a tsunami we eradicated seedlings of the wild,
endemic naupaka kai (Scaevola sericea var. fauriei (Lévl.) Deg. &
Dege) and of the exotic seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.) that
10 PHY TOL.06G TA Vol. 28, no. 4
continued to sprout in flower beds 200 to 300 feet inland from the
stands along the beach. Similarly, on the south shore of Oahu, some
years after the tsunami of 1946, Mr. Walter Bayer showed us health
plants of the locally rare endemic taxon of Colubrina asiatica (Ly
Brongne, that had sprouted from the elevated windrow of debris cast
up in his garden.
Anyone who has seen the hard-shelled eggs of geckos glued in
holes and crevices of coconut and other logs along the beach will
have an explanation - perhaps the true one - for the wide distribu-
tion of such reptiles.
Islands surrounded by great deeps with icy cold water even in the
tropics, are beyond reach of most nonswimming, aquatic organisms un-
less they have a pelagic stage of some duration in their life. If
these do not reach the completely isolated island via floating logs
or larger propagules, a rare but effective means of transportation
may be available. In studying the beaches of Canton we have come a=
cross quantities of gray to almost black blocks of pumice, and oc-
casionally the shells of the pearly nautilus and the cuttlebone of
the octopus. A random glance at dark pumice and more careful inspec=
tion of pale nautilus and cuttlebone occasionally discloses the white
of coral and the calcareous hcusing of marine wormse Such types, and
many others, may well have reached Canton waters mature enough to
reproduce their kind before being washed upon the beach to die. We
wish to emphasize that electric light bulbs, other waste artifacts
and garbage of Caucasian and Oriental civilizations, so common to
many beaches, are conspicuously absent on Canton. Outstanding arti-
facts were several outrigger canoes and a primitive paddle. Resi-
dents claim that one canoe, definitely hollowed out with a stone adz,
is of African origin. Study of a wood fragment, never collected,
would have decided such claim.
They are just bugs (Hemiptera, Family Vallidae); but to us, pa-
thetic ones all the same. Just beyond where the strongest waves lap
the beach, among foam, sand and coral blocks of various sizes, clum-
sily and weakly hop exhausted marine waterstriders (Halobates mi-
cans). They are black above, perhaps for desired warmth; pale bluish
below to be camouflaged against attack by hungry fish fry looking up-
ward from below. They are only a few millimeters longe Agile skaters
on the surface film of ocean water, like their relatives on fresh
water of American brooks and ponds, they are helpless when thorough=
ly wetted during a storm or when blown unsuspectingly by the trade
winds and swept by the breakers onto shores They are out of their
element and here they diese Though living on the vast expanse of the
ocean, they are no more water creatures than are the frigate birds
flying overhead. This insect, to survive from generation to genera-
tion, must find a chance piece of driftwood, seed, pumice or even
floating feather upon which to lay its eggs: while the bird and the
sea turtle must find an island like Canton to lay theirs. These wa-
terstriders, we believe, had been Swept along the surface of the o-
cean like the fruits and seeds by gale force winds rather than wash-
ed by ocean currents to pile up on the beach.
1974 O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll 411
Due to a spell of rainy weather germination of more or less salt
freed seeds were so successful that the beach showed a narrow, faint
line of green extending for many miles, a condition unknown to any
resident of the time. In this line of drift not a single Canton spe=
cies was noticed except Cassytha filiformis, Triumfetta procumbens
—— SS =
them not of local origine
The sea hearts (Entada phaseoloides Sele), with large expanded
cotyledons, a few leaves and a slender stem elongating vainly for
a support to climb, were already beginning to suffer in February
from the strong drying salt breeze. Not one became established.
Thousands upon thousands of seedlings of the beach morningglory
(Ipomoea pes-caprae var. enarginata) with stiff, thick, green, deep-
ly notched cotyledons horizontally akimbo, were being daily eaten
by the hermitcrab (c. perlatus), known in the vernacular as "Ber-
nard." Various Mucuna species, probably rich in the poison L-dopa,
were germinating merely to fall prey to these hungry hermitcrabse
Of the myriad viable seeds that braved the ocean for unknown weeks
and months without succumbing before landing on Canton shores, we
failed to see a single successful introduction. This atoll simply
does not offer conditions fit for survival of phanerogams excepting
for the trees Cordia subcordata and Messerschmidia argentea (fig.
5), the vines moonflower (Calonyction tuba) and lovevine Cassytha
filiformis), and thirteen other shrubs and herbs (fig. 6). These
natives are described in Degener & Gillaspy (1955) and Degener &
Degener (1958). Should certain kinds of seeds be washed farther in-
land by a tsunami where shelter and favorable soil conditions would
permit such adventives to establish themselves, they would be soon
destroyed by the hermitcrabs. These congregate under bushes and
trees during tne heat of the day, while at other times they roam
over the atoll greedily scavenging in search of food (figs. 7, 8).
Of individuals who have been on Canton, we wish to acknowledge
the help of Island Manager Edwin Gillaspy and Mrs. Gillaspy; Mr. &
Mrs. Albert Lincoln, well-informed residents and malacologists; and
Dr. LeH.e MacDaniels, who analysed the soil and water of Canton many
years ago. For additional information touching diverse aspects of
the atoll, the reader is advised to consult Murphy, Niedrach & Bail-
ey (1954), and their bibliography compiled by E.H. Bryan, Jre, of
about seventy items published between 1862 and 1954: and the follow-
ing bibliography of additional pertinent items;
BIBLIOGRAFHY
Van Zwaluwenburg, ReH. 1942. Notes on the Temporary Establishment of
Insect and Plant Species on Canton Island. Haw. Planters' Record
46: 49-52.
Degener, Oc, & WeH. Hatheway. 1952. Die Flora des Cantonatolls im
Stillen Osean. Rev. S. Amer. (Montevideo) 10: 33-37.
Degener, Oc, & FeRe Fosberge 1952. A Central Pacific Sesuvium. Occas.
12 PPR Ys T-0.G).0' Gal A Vol. 28, now.
Pape Bishe Muse 21:45-47.
Hansen, Ie (Mrs. 0. Degener] , & BE. Potztal. Beitrge zur Anatomie
und Systematik der Leptureae. Bot. Jahrb. 76:250-270.
Murphy, ReCe, Reds Niedrach & A.M. Bailey. 1954. Canton Island.
(Denver) Mus. Pict. 10:1-78.
Fosberg, FeR. 1955. Pacific Forms of Lepturus R. Br. (Gramineae) «
Occase Pape Bishe Muse 21:285-294.
Degener, O., & E. Gillaspy. 1955. Canton Island, South Pacifice
Atoll Res. Bull. 41:1-51l.
Bryan, E.He, Jre (Oct. 5) 1955. Marine Shells Collected by Otto
Degener on Canton Island. Hawe Shell News 3(12):1-4.
Van Zwaluwenburg, ReH. 1955. The Insects and Certain other Arthro-
pods of Canton Island. Atoll Res. Bull. 42:1-11.
Hatheway, WeH. 1955. The Natural Vegetation of Canton Island, an
Equatorial Pacific Atoll. Atoll Res. Bull. 4321-9.
Degener, Oo, & Ie 1958 The Hawaiian Beach Scaevola (Goodeniaceae) «
Phytologia 6:321l.
Degener, O., & Ie 1959. Canton Island, South Pacific (Resurvey of
1958). Atoll Res. Bull. 64:1-24,
Dawson, E.eYe 1959. Some Marine Algae from Canton Atoll. Atoll Res.
Bull. 65: 1-6 °
Bickett, ReD.e (Jane 11) 1971. Two Flags Over Canton. 1-11. Space &
Missile Test Center. Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif. (Includes
bibliography of 22 items, chiefly military and political.)
Degener, Oc, & Ie 1973. Los Despojos del Mar del Atolon de Canton
Pacifico del Sur. Hist. Nat. y pro Nat. 4(8):15-18.
Degener, Oc, & Ie 1973. Lepturus Pilgerianus versus L. Repens. Newsle
Hawe Bote Soce 12(5):3le
The above references apply to Canton Atoll in the Pacific; the
following applies to Florida, off the Atlantic:
Gunn. C.Re (March-April) 1968. Stranded Seeds and Fruits from the
Southeastern Shore of Florida. N.Y. Bote Gard. Journ. 43-54.
1974
O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll
ae oe
owe
, samme 1p On
~e see
.
=e
{ ;
‘ 4
ae
— Sw
eae ~
a
Fig. 1. Canton Atoll (After Hatheway 1955)
Fig. 2. Frigate bird rookery amid scaevola bushes
LAGOON
CANTON /SLAND
PLANT HABITATS
(overleaf, following page)
413
Vol. 28, no.
Pony Tyee Gas
yl
1974
O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll
wrt TI ~a yi
.
So aoe?
oom = .
= > 7,
- =f “= 7 4
Ton » &
ims:
-
a Oe
ees Boon
. a V+ im
Fig. 4. Fruits, seeds and seedlings
415
416 PULL THOdEAO Gubva Vol. 28, no.
Figs 5e Messerschmidia argentea, a favorite shade tree for the
terrestrial hermitcrab (cee perlatus s) to rest during heat of day
(Degener & Rasche photo) _
Fig. 6. Native phanerogam vegetation consists of seventeen species
only: Digitaria, Eragrostis, two of Lepturus, Boerhavia, Sesuvium,
Portulaca, Cassytha, Tribulus, Suriana, Triumfetta, Sida, Pemphis,
Calonyction, Cordia, Messerschmidia and Scaevola
(opposite page)
O. & I. Degener, Canton Atoll 417
1974
418
PH YaTlOsLsonG ick Vol. 28, no.
Fige 8. Hermitcrabs roaming over atoll in search of food
SPATHODSA IN HAWAII
Otto & Isa Degener
It may seem strange for residents of the Hawaiian Islands
to burst into print regarding taxa of the African genus Spath-
odea of the Bignoniaceae. Nevertheless, as three are grown
here, we wish to dispel some local confusion regarding theme
The glabrous taxon with scarlet flowers having a silky to-
mentulose calyx with elevated nerves is widely planted as a
street tree. This we consider to be Spathodea campanulata
Beauv. According to Welwitsch in Iter Angolense, in Journ. Sot.
London 3:332. 1°45, it occurs naturally in Golungo Alto and
CaZengo.
The taxon with leaves densely tawny puberulent beneath and
ith scarlet flowers having a silky tomentulose calyx with im-
pressed nerves was flourishing about the Botany Building on the
University of Hawaii campus between 1922 and 1927. This is men=
tioned in Degener, 0., Flora Haw. Fam. 321. 12/24/34. It still
occurs, but rarely, in some gardens in the State. In spite of
some leading botanists considering it synonymous with the above
species, we consider this to be typical Spathodea nilotica
Seem. Accoreéing to page 333 of the Iter, this "Bushy scarlet
flowered tree" came from "Ungoro Glav., Aug. 1860. Speke and
Grant's Sxpedition to the Sources of the Nile.”
Recently a third taxon appeared in the Islands which to-
tanically is of modest interest, but horticulturally is caus-=
ing a furor. we here nane its
Spathodea, nilotica forma bryanii Deg. & vege, Zs nove
A specie corolla filnvr differt. Degeners' 33,441. Seed intro-
duced from Africa vy Lee Sryane Specimen from cultivated tree
in Kona, Hawaii. Collected by Lester ¥. Bryan, Dec. 1973.
Type: at U.5. Nat. Arbe; cotype, N.Y.
As Kelsey & Dayton (Stancardized Plant Names, Bd. 2. 1942.)
chose "flambeautree" for members of Spathodea, we here name
this new taxon “Sryans flambeautree™ with the vain hope of dis-
couraging its local name of "Bryans Kona gold" from becoming
popular. "Kona" applies to a Hawaiian district hardly associat-
ed with the taxon, and "gold" might apply to any kind of yel-
low-flowered plant whatsoever. The corolla, style and filaments,
instead of being red, are "pumpkin-yellow."
According to retired forester Bryan (letter dated March 5,
1974), “ily seed came from Peter Greensmith of Nairobi, Kenya,
Africa thru David Barry, Jr. who operates the California Jun-
gle Nursery in Los Angeles." The name "Bryans Kona Gold" was
printed Oct. 12, 1973 in the "West Hawaii Today" newspeper;
and Oct. 14+ with text and colored plate in the magazine sec-
tion of the “Hawaii Tribune-Herald" by County Agent Norman
Bezona. We had never realized the complicated history of this
419
420 PUY TO-L0Gs1 A Vol. 28, no.
or of a similar form until we communicated with Dr. -rederick
G. Meyer of the U.S. National Arboretum, who sent us a copy of
the American Horticulturist, Vol. 52. Spring 1974. There Dre
wdwin A. Menninger writes about "The Yellow African Tulip
Tree” in some detail. That our form is strictly a cultisen is
questionable. According to Hegeling & Dale (Indizenous Trees
of Uganda. 4d. 2. 42. 1952.) "A form with rich buttercup yel-
low flowers, well worth perpetuating, occurs in Bugishu end a
somewhat similar tree has been found in Mengo."
BISHOP'S "INVENTORY"
Otto & Isa Degener
After eighteen months of research Dr. Luther Marl Bishop
authored *Honolulu Botanic Gardens Inventory 1972," a 294 page
book measuring eight by eight inches. It was published by the
Friends of Foster Gardens Press in 1973. Its thick eggshell
brown, Nanila cover attractively binds about thirty pases to
include a "Forward" and an introduction to seven botanic gar=
dens located on the Island of Oahu. The oldest and most in-
teresting historically is Poster Botnic Garden located in
downtown Honolulue
Foster Botanie Garden, also known as Foster Park, had been
the home of the German William Hillebrand, physician to Hawai-
ian royalty and author of the prized "Flora of the Hawaiian Is-
lands," published posthumously in 1885. During his twenty
years* residence in Honolulu, Hillebrand (b. 1821 - d. 1°35)
cultivated choice Hawaiian and exotic plants in the garden
about his home in Nuuanu Valley. In 1880 the Canadian Thomas
R. Foster purchased the property. He married Mary Slivabeth
Robinson (1844-1930), also known by her Yawaiian name Mikaha-
la, the daughter of James Robinson anc a Jawaiian chiefess.
A convert to Buddhism, the aging widow had seen the ghost of
Captain Foster riding his favorite horse, nizhts, among the
towering trees in her garden. This dream may have helped the
tactful and understanding botanist Harold L. Lyon (1°79-1957)
to prevail upon Mrs. Foster to deed this property to the City
and County of Honolulu as a "public and tropical park to be
known as Foster Park." Thus the Board of Public Farks and Re=
creation assumed responsibility for the five and a half acres
in 1931. Botanist Lyon became Director of the Garden until
his death, whereupon Landscape Architect Paul R. Weissich took
over the positions By 1972 the Honolulu Botanic Garden System,
under the latter's able guidance, had grown to seven botanic
gardens comprising 266 acres!
The "Inventory" proper lists the plants by binomials, for-
tunately with authorities; the accession number, giving the
1974 0. & I. Degener, Bishop's "Invontory" 21
student ready opportunity to consult additional information re-
corded on the proper filing card in the J. F. Rock Memorial
Library; the geographical source; and in which of the seven
gardens each species is growing. Page 35 to 6 are devoted to
about 75 species and named cultigens of ferns and their al-
lies; page 47 to 55 to about 100 Gymnosperms and their allies;
page 59 to 197 (not 167) to about 2,200 Dicots; and page 199
to 287 to about 1,400 Monocots. Thousands of additional spe=
cies, identified to the genus only, are likewise listed. Fam-
ilies in these groups are arranged alphabetically. A map and
eleven full page plates illustrate the worke
As expected with such a wealth of binomials the reader,
like the reviewers, may question come listings. Personally,
we believe many legumes deserve segregation into different
genera largely according to pod characters; and that some of
the orthography be altered such as Alyxia olivaeformis to A.
oliviformis, Senecio kleiniaeformis to 5S. kleiniiformis, Boer=
haavia to Boerhavia, Casasia clusifolia to C. clusiifolia,
Phaius to Phajuse
Besides being delightful and instructive to residents and
tourists alike, these plantings indicate what species will and
will not thrive at an elevation from sea levei to 1,300 feet,
at an exposure of 24 to 52 inches of rainfall per year, and to
extremes of 55° to 95° Fahrenheit. The reviewers hope that
State Legislators will realize that these seven kipuka, or o-
ases amid condominiums and asphalt, can be bound together by
streets and highways adorned and shaded by fascinating plants
already tested for survival. With proper avpropriations to the
Department of Parks and Recreation, Honolulu can Ddecome a true
botanical garden city.
It is fortunate that the Friends of Foster Garden, ince,
with the backinz of various eleemosynary Trusts, was enabled
to finance and publish Luther &. Bishop’s “Inventory.” The
work is to be distributed to more than three hundred leading
botanical gardens in the World. The book is enlishteninz.
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
"THE RAND McNALLY ATLAS OF WORLD WILDLIFE" edited by Sir Julian
Huxley (consultant), Martyn Bramwell et al., 208 pp., illus.
Mitchell Beazley Ltd., London, & Rand McNally & Co., San
Francisco, California 9,10), New York, N. Y. 10019, Chicago,
Box 760, T1linois 60680. 1973. $25. 60 oversize.
If the long-time conservationist, Sir Julian Huxley, can write
in the Foreword "I myself have learned much from the Atlas, gain-
ing especially a better comprehension of world ecology", there
must surely be much to learn in store here for all of us — child-
ren, general readers, teachers, all kinds and levels of scientists.
The vast amount of content-material is organized through attrac-
tive panoramas, dynamic charts, outstanding wildlife photographs,
and valuable maps for the nature of the world before man's arrival
and his impact since then and for the major biogeographical regions
of our earth. These colorful composite layouts, drawings and
photographs reveal so effectively much of ecological and etholog-
ical relationships among variously feeding and breeding animals
with each other and with their surrounding plant life and with
mane
Any adverse criticisms are of minor import: misspellings such
as for invertebrates on p. 12, proboscis on p. 83, myxomatosis
and virginica on p. 177, etc.; misstatements such as "Most life
forms must either climb or swim unless they are birds or fish"
on p. 4O and "thick heavy bills of some [finches] are the result
of a need to crack open tough seeds and nuts" on p. 173; loss of
clarity in a few small color photographs as the Kenyan pastoral
scene on p. 179, etc.; the orphaning of the angiosperms in the
diagram on p. 12; and the occasional elimination of Sri Lanka
(Ceylon) from the southern tip of India on maps like those on pp.
120 & 121. Because the text is clear and the glossary very short,
the latter is really non-functional.
Considering the price of books today, this one is really a
bargain; considering the contents, it is a treasurehouse!
"INSECT/PLANT RELATIONSHIPS" edited by H. F. van Enden, viii &
215 pp., illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, New
MWOrk UN Ye LOOMG. 173i) S175.
These 13 valuable papers and their subsequent interesting dis—
cussions were presented at the 6th Symposium of the Royal Entomo-
logical Society held in the Imperial College, London, in September
1971. Hach paper carries its own bibliography. It is disappoint-
ing that there is no general index to all this important material
of concern to so many different kinds of biologists, students and
22
197k Moldenke, Book reviews 423
technicians.
Since the papers are all well written, choosing favorites must
be determined by the reader's personal interests from such topics
as Yeo's "floral allurements for pollinating insects", Rothschild's
"Secondary plant substances and warning colouration in insects",
Schoonhoven's "Plant recognition by lepidopterous larvae", and
Southwood's introductory paper on the evolutionary perspective of
this insect/plant relationship.
"RATTLESNAKES: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on
Mankind" by Laurence hi. Klauber, Second Revised idition,
Volumes I & II, xxx & xvii & 1533 pp., illus., published for
the Zoological Society of San Diego by the University of
California Press, London, Los Angeles, California, Berkeley,
California 94720, & New York, N.Y. 10017. 1972 [1973].
$50.00 boxed.
Since the original publication in 1956 of this highly regarded
definitive study, the author had continued expansion and revision
until shortly before his terminal illness in 1968. The first three
chapters were completely rewritten with revised taxonomy, with keys,
expanded zoogeorravhy with distribution maps, paleontology and
phylogeny. Other additional material has been interspersed in the
rest of the text and a considerably supplemental bibliography has
been appended,
The very detailed table of contents and the full index make for
facile selective hunting of information. But because the content
is of intrinsic interest and because its presentation is simple,
direct and supplied with extrinsic interest, one just reads on
and on.
Botanists in the field wishing more information than is provided
in most field cuides and those within academic walls will find this
work of great learning value to themselves and to their students.
"SVOLUTIONARY STUDIES IN WORLD CROPS: Diversity and Change in the
Indian Subcontinent" edited by Sir Joseph hutchinson, viii &
175 pp., illus., Cambridge University Press, London Nl 2DB
and New York, N. Y. 10022. 1974. $11.95.
This condensed careful siudy summarizes for the interested
reading public the Symposium held in New Deihi in 1970 on Crop
Plant Evolution set against the time scale of agricultural devel-
opment.
"The evolutionary changes in Indian crop plants.....here re-
corded [west Asian wheat and barley, south Asian and African rice,
Coix, rape, mustard, castor bean, pigeon pea, cotton, okra, Solanum
nigrum, and New liorld maize, grain amaranths and potatoes] have
gone on in response to the needs of an agricuitural system that
changed only slowly over the past 500 years. The rate of change
2h PH yee TioiGer Vol. 28, no.
has increased enormously in the last twenty years, and the needs .
of the new acriculture for suitable varieties will only be met in
so far as genetic change matches changes in the crop environment..
"The so-called Green Revolution is fundamentally a fertility
revolution." That dwarf Mexican wheat produces its high yields
in India only under heavy fertilization and irrigation.
The book is composed of fourteen papers by Indian scientists
on paleobotany and specific crops and two evaluating ones by the
fanous =nglish editor. It has a valuable bibliography and index.
It is also available in even less expensive paper binding in
ELBS countries.
"ALLAN CUNNITCGHAM: Eotanist and Explorer" by W. G. McMinn, viii &
147 pp., ilius., Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Victo-
ria 3053, Australia; also ISBS Inc. of London % of Zion,
Tllinois 60099. 1970. #.20 Australian.
This is a succinctly and carefully written account of Cunning-
ham as a scientist and therefore of his training, his exploratory
travels first to Ezazil and then "Down Under" and his associa-
tions with his mentor, Sir Josepn Banks, and others and as a
human being who was precise, kind, sensitive (really supersensi-
tive) and tremendously industrious despite lingering physical
limitations. "The most striking feature of Cunningham's charac-
ter was a concern for detail and propriety." His faithfully
kept journal, his plant introductions, and his herbarium at kew
vouchsafe the value of his scientific contributions.
People interested in the plants and places bearing his name
or his study will find this book interesting and carefully docu-
mented with notes anc bibliography and well indexed.
"EOW TO KNOW ILC FRUITS: A Guide to Plants When Not in Flower by
Means of Fruit and Leaf" by biaude Gridley Peterson, 1lxvi &
340 pp., illus., Facsimile Edition for Dover Publications,
Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001. 1973. $3.00 paperbound.
Originally published in 1905 and covering the Gray's "Manual"
area, this unabridged republication will be a real asset to the
growing number of amateur naturalists and ecologically oriented
students who wonder what that attractively berried herb or shrub
or tree is. The simple keys, descriptions, and-80 illustrations
are still helpful. The nomenclature has been brought up to date
in an additionel outline by E. S. Harrar who follows basically
the 8th edition of Gray's "Manual", while the book originally
followed the 6th edition.
17% / eer 24 W/4 HiBRARY
129 W YORN
ig PHYTOLOGIA’ eANICAN
Designed to expedite botanical publication
Vol. 28 September, 1974 No. 5
CONTENTS
MOLDENKE, H.N.., A fifth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae,
Stilbaceae, Dicrastylidaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae,
and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic
distribution, and synonymy. Supplement 4.............- 425
MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LXX. 466
FOSBERG, F. R., & FALANRUW, M. V.C., A new Micronesian
PMMA CCOMIDIELACEREY ar Loca Se ok eb ete Bn ee 469
FOSBERG, F. R., & SACHET, M.-H., A new variety of Fagraea Berteriana
II. & OE MEN BR PS Gna hg Fag EP a 470
EDWIN, G., & WOODEN, H. S., A new slipper flower from southern
RAS Pes aS ao aa SAT DY Pe RY Ow Mane, ceded 473
RUDD, V. E., A résumé of the genus Tipuana (Leguminosae)......... 475
HALE, M. E., Jr., Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia,
four new genera in the Parmeliaceae (Lichenes).......... 479
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CXXVI. A new species of Ageratum ..........0240008- 491
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CXXVIII. Four additions to the genus Ageratina from Mexico
Tk ODE Set, Catt Ae SOR NRE US Eee: he 494
ES LP SOOK FEVIEWS. wo otc Rl ee in Riwle es ates Coen euee 503
Index to authors in Volume Twenty-eight ..............++.2000- 506
Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Twenty-eight ....... 506
Publication dates for Volume Twenty-eight ..........0 0.0.0 020045 $12
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.
Price of this number $1.50; per volume, $9.00 in advance or $9.50
at close of volume; 75 cents extra to foreign addresses
—\
A FIFTH SUMMARY OF THE VERBENACEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE,
DICRASTYLIDACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, NYCTANTHACEAE, AND
ERIOCAULACEAE OF THE WORLD AS TO VALID TAXA, GEOGRAPHIC
DISTRIBUTION, AND SYNONYMY. SUPPLEMENT
Harold N. Moldenke
Since the publication of Supplement 3 in Phytologia 26: 356—
377 last year a vast amount of new material has come to light
which will be of value to the many users of my "Fifth Summary"
(1971). Some of this new material comes from the excellent bo-
tanical researches being conducted on these groups by Santiago
Lépez~Palacios in Venezuela and Nelida Troncoso in Argentina and
from the excellent breeding and genetic work by Otto Solbrig on
the Glandularia group of Verbena.
Since Supplement 3 went to press I have been able to examine
7,101 additional herbarium specimens of these groups chiefly
fran the United States National Herbarium, the herbaria of the
Universities of Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Wisconsin, Aarhus,
Brasflia, Cairo, Calicut, Karachi, Peradeniya, and Zttrich, the
Missouri and New York Botanical Gardens, the Oakes Ames Economic
Museum, and certain private herbaria. These specimens have
brought to light hundreds of new geographic records and even
several new undescribed taxa, particularly since some represent
the collections recently made along the newly opened portions
of the Pan-American Highway and the new Trans-Amazonian Highways
of Brazil.
Contimed investigation has revealed the necessity for chang-
ing the taxonomic rank of several well-knowm species to variety
or form and several taxa have had to be resurrected from the
synonymy into which they had previously been sunk, especially in
the genera Lippia, Phyla, and Stachytarpheta.
Several hundred changes and/or additions have had to be made
in the listing of rejected names because of the above-mentioned
changes in status and because of the wealth of new botanical and
horticultural literature which has been reviewed, largely by my
wife, Alma L. Moldenke, in which so many additional errors in
spelling and/or accredition have been found, some of which could
be most confusing to workers not expert in the group and which
therefore might be copied and perpetuated in the mistaken belief
of their validity.
It is manifestly impractical for me to attempt to correct the
printed and typewritten annotations made by me over the past ],6
years on such of the 223,432 herbarium specimens thus far examined
by me as may be involved in these and other recent name-changes,
since these specimens are scattered in no less than 306 herbaria
all over the world. I shall have to depend on the curators of
these herbaria, if they wish to do so or feel it worthwhile to
do so, to make the proper ici a on the information presen-
26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
ted in these Supplements and in my various generic monographs
and their supplements which appear regularly on the pages of
this journal.
Herbarium voucher citations for the new distribution records
and bibliographic citations for the new rejected names will, as
usual, be found in my generic monographs and/or their supple-
ments .
Addenda & errata to Part I:
Wherever the name "Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke" occurs,
it should be changed to S. dichotana (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl; wherever
"Stachytarpheta australis f. albiflora Moldenke" occurs, it should
be changed to S. dichotoma f. albiflora (Moldenke) Voldenke; where-
ver "Stachytarpheta australis var. neocaledonica Moldenke" occurs,
it should be changed to S. dichotoma var. neocaledonica (Moldenke)
Moldenke; wherever "Premna gaudichaudii Schau." occurs it should
be changed to P. obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schau.) Moldenke;
wherever "Aegiphila integrifolia (Jacq. ) Jacks." occurs it should
be changed to A. integrifolia (Jacq.) Jacq.; and wherever "Vitex
altissima f. alata (Willd.) Moldenke" occurs it should be changed
to "V. altissima f. juv. alata (Willd.) Moldenke, Wherever
"Koyama" occurs as an authority it should be changed to "T. Koy—
ama", Where "Mysore" occurs as the name of an Indian state it
should be changed to "Karnataka", where "Ceylon™ occurs it should
be changed to "Sri Lanka", and where "Democratic Republic of the
Congo" appears it should be changed to "Zaire".
CANADA :
Nova Scotia:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Madame Island]
Québec:
Verbena hastata L. [Wolfe County]
Ontario:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Perry Sound District; Big Is-
land]
Verbena hastata L. [Big Chicken Island]
Verbena hastata f. caerulea Moldenke -—— delete the asterisk
Verbena stricta Vent. [Frontenac County]
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
New Hampshire:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Sullivan County]
Vermont:
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Caledonia & Rutland Coun-
ties]
xVerbena engelmannii Moldenke [Rutland & Windson Counties]
Connecticut:
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [New Haven County]
xVerbena rydbergii Moldenke [New Haven County]
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 427
New York:
Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Iona & Rogers Islands]
Verbena officinalis var. prostrata Gren. & Godr. [Albany &
Queens Counties]
New Jersey:
Eriocaulon ae f. parviceps Moldenke [Burlington &
Ocean Counties
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Hudson & Passaic Counties]
Pennsylvania:
Verbena simplex Lehm. [Monroe County]
Verbena stricta Vent. [Luzerne & Montgomery Counties]
Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Montgom-
ery County
Maryland:
Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Wicomico County]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke [Harford &
Prince Georges Counties]
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Plummer's Island]
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Baltimore City]
Verbena hastata L. [Plummer's Island]
Verbena hastata f. caerulea Moldenke [Prince Georges County]
Verbena officinalis L. [Charles County]
Verbena simplex Lek Lehm, [Plummer's Island]
Verbena urticifolia L. ([Plummer's Island]
Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Frederick
County]
District of Columbia:
Eriocaulon decangulare var. minor Moldenke
Eriocaulon es f. parviceps Moldenke
xVerbena engelmannii Moldenke
Virginia:
Callic americana L. [Lancaster County]
Eriocaulon decangulare L. (Prince George County]
Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson [Alexandria City]
Eriocaulon SS Michx, [Fairfax County]
Verbena offic s L. [Alexandria City]
Verbena simplex Lehm. [Culpeper County]
Verbena articifolia L. [Arlington & Prince William Counties]
North Caro
Eriocaulon pectingtitare L. [Chowan County]
Eriocaulon decangulare var. minor Moldenke [Lincoln County]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke (Brunswick, Bun-
combe, Catawba, Columbus, Dare, Jackson, New Hanover, Onslow,
Pender, Rowan, & Sampson Counties]
Vitex agnus-castus L. [Rockingham County]
South Caroling:
Callicarpa americana L. [Jasper County]
428 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
Eriocaulon decangulare f. Papen Moldenke [Anderson, Clar-
endon, & Lancaster Counties
Lantana camara L. [Beaufort & Orangeburg Counties]
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Horry County]
Verbena bonariensis L. [Colleton County]
Georgia:
Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Camden & Chatham Counties]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke (Columbia, Doug-
las, Lee, Sumter, & Wilcox Counties]
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham.
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke (Clinch County]
Florida:
Callicarpa americana L. [Hendry County]
Duranta repens L. [Holmes & Lee Counties]
Eriocaulon compressum Lam. [Brevard, Calhoun, & Putnam Coun-
ties
Eriocaulon compressum var. harperi Moldenke [Highlands & 0s-
ceola Counties]
Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Washington County; Saint Vincent
Island]
Eriocaulon decangulare var. latifolium Chapm. [Marion County]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke [Manatee County]
Eriocaulon lineare Small [delete "Santa Rosa"]
Eriocaulon lineare var. gigas Moldenke [Santa Rosa County]*
Eriocaulon ravenelii Chapm. [Martin County]
Alabama:
Eriocaulon decangulare L. [Butler County]
Eriocaulon de @ var. latifolium Chapn. [Baldwin Coun-
ty]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke [Cherokee Coun-
ty]
Eriocaulon lineare Small [Covington & Houston Counties]
Lachnocaulon digymum Kérn. [Conecuh, Escambia, & Washington
Counties]
Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small (Covington & Houston Coun-
ties]
Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Mobile County]
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Mobile County]
Mississippi:
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [George County]
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Jackson
County
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Bolivar County]
Verbena xutha Lehm. [Wilkinson County]
Illinois:
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton [Monroe County]
197k Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 429
xVerbena engelmannii Moldenke [Hardin County]
xVerbena moechina Moldenke [Hardin County]
xVerbena rydbergii Moldenke [Jackson County]
Indiana:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Marshall County]
Michigan:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx, [Vilas County]
Verbena urticifolia var. simplex Farwell [Oakland, Tuscola, &
Wayne Counties]*
Wisconsin:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. [Shaweno County]
xVerbena rydbergii Moldenke [Juneau, Lafayette, & Richland
Counties }
Minnesota:
Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx, [Lake County]
Verbena hastata L. [Mahnomen County]
South Dakota:
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Jackson County]
Verbena hastata var. scabra Moldenke [Washabaugh County]
Kansas:
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Stafford County]
Missouri:
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Dunklin County]
xVerbena deamii Moldenke [Butler County]
Arkansas:
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var, texensis Moldenke [Arkansas, Faulkner,
Hempstead, Little River, Miller, & Pulaski Counties]
Verbena brasiliensis Vell. [Ashley County]
xVerbena stuprosa Moldenke [Clay County]*
Louisiana:
Callicarpa americana L. [Ouachita Parish]
Eriocaulon decangulare var. minor Moldenke [Jackson Parish]
Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke [Allen, Beaure-
gard, Natchitoches, Rapides, Saint Tammany, & Vernon Parishes]
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke [Bossier Parish]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [LaSalle, Natchitoches,
Plaquemines, Rapides, Saint Bernard, Sevier, & Vermillion Par-
ishes; Chandeleur Island]
Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. [Orleans Parish]
Colorado:
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Alamosa, Baca, Moffat, & Park
Counties
Verbena hastata var. scabra Moldenke [Boulder, Denver, Las Ani-
mas, & Weld Counties]
4,30 P BY? 00 GBA Vol. 28, no. 5
Verbena stricta Vent. [Sedgwick County]
Nebraska:
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Oteo County]
Verbena hastata L. [Cherry County]
Oklahoma:
Phyla incisa Small — to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Bryan, Caddo, Cleve-
land, Comanche, Creek, Grear, Kay, Kingfisher, Logan, Mar-
shall, McClain, McCurtain, Murray, Muskogee, Noble, Oklaho-
ma, Osage, Payne, Pontotoc, Seminole, Sequoyah, & Tulsa
Counties; Number 3 Island]
Verbena ambrosifolia f, eglandulosa Perry [Cimarron County]
Vitex negundo L. [Marshall County]
Texas:
Aloysia gratissima var. schulzae (Standl.) Moldenke [Dim-
mitt County]
Ericcaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke [Austin, Hender—
son, Smith, & Waller Counties]
Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Dallas County]
Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene (Childress & Hudspeth Coun-
ties }
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke [Bell, Brazoria,
Brooks, Cameron, Colorado, Comal, El Paso, Fayette, Harris,
Kenedy, Kleberg, Lavaca, Nueces, Reeves, San Patricio, Val
Verde, & Willacy Counties]
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Briscoe &
Somervell Counties]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke (Angelina, Austin, Bas-
trop, Bell, Bexar, Bosque, Bowie, Brazoria, Brazos, Brewster,
Brooks, Brown, Burnet, Calhoun, Callahan, Cameron, Cass, Co-
lorado, Comal, Coryell, Cottle, Crockett, Dallas, Denton,
Eastland, Edwards, Ellis, El Paso, Erath, Falls, Fayette,
Fort Bend, Frio, Galveston, Garza, Gillespie, Goliad, Gonza-
les, Grayson, Gregg, Harris, Hays, Hidalgo, Hill, Howard,
Hudspeth, Jackson, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Johnson, Karnes,
Kendall, Kenedy, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Kleberg, Lampasas, La
Salle, Lavaca, Matagorda, Maverick, McLennan, Medina, Mid-
land, Mitchell, Montague, Montgomery, Navarro, Nueces, Palo
Alto, Parker, Pecos, Presidio, Reagan, Reeves, Refugio, Rob-
ertson, Runnels, San Patricio, Schleicher, Somervell, Starr,
Tarrant, Taylor, Terrell, Throckmorton, Tom Green, Travis,
Uvalde, Val Verde, Victoria, Walker, Washington, Webb, Whar-
ton, Wichita, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, & Zapaca Counties;
El Toro, High, Horse, & Steppingstone Islands]
Verbena ambrosifolia Rydb. [Zavala County]
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Childress County]
New Mexico:
Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) Heller [Eddy County]
197k Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 431
Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Guadelupe & Roosevelt Coun-
ties
Piyia ineisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke (Dona Ana County]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Dona Ana, Eddy, Luna,
Otero, & Socorro Counties] _
Verbena ambrosifolia Rydb. [Catron & Harding Counties]
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Roosevelt County]
Verbena gooddingii Briq. [Sandoval County]
Verbena macdougalii f. albiflora Moldenke [Santa Fe County]
Verbena plicata Greene [Chaves County]
Verbena wrightii A. Gray [Hidalgo County
Arizona:
Aloysia gratissima var. schulzae (Standl.) Moldenke (Pima
County]
Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) Heller [Santa Cruz County]
Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Apache County]
Phyla incisa Small -~ to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke (Apache, Pima, & Yuma
Counties
Verbena ciliata Benth. [Pinal County]
California:
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Fresno, Imperial,
Kern, Kings, Merced, Sacramento, San Diego, San Joaquin, San-
ta Barbara, Stanislaus, & Tulare Counties]
Verbena lasiostachys Link [Alpine County]
MEXICO:
Lantana camera L. [Querétaro & Yucat4n]
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Puebla]
Lantana camara var, mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Morelos]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
(Chiapas, Hidalgo, & Veracruz]
Lantana landulosissima Hayek [Hidalgo]
Lantana maxima Hayek [Chiapas]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -- to be deleted
Lippia callicarpaefolia H.B.K. (Chiapas }
Lippia hypoleia Briq. — to be deleted
Lippia hypoleia var. ovatifolia Moldenke -- to be deleted
Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. { Jalisco]
Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke (Chiapas, Hi-
dalgo, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tam-
aulipas, & Veracruz]
Lippia myriocephala var. ovatifolia (Moldenke) Moldenke [Chiapas]
Lithophytum violaceum T. S. Brandeg. [Puebla]*
Phyla incisa Small —- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldenke [San Luis Potosf{]
4,32 Poli Yo FiO virO:G Ick Vol. 28, no. 5
Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke [Chihmahua, Jal-
isco, & Sonora]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Baja California, Chi-
huahua, Coahuila, Durango, Federal District, Guerrero, Hid-
algo, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas,
& Veracruz]
Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Moldenke [Chiapas]
Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. (Zacatecas]
Verbena carolina f, albiflora Moldenke [Oaxaca]
Verbena halei Small [Zacatecas]
Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke [Chiapas]
Verbena teucriifolia var. corollulata Perry [Puebla]
BAY OF CAMPECHE ISLANDS:
Citharexylum ellipticum Sessé & Moc. [Sacrificios Island]
GUATEMALA :
Cormitia lilacina Moldenke [Escuintla]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Sacatepéquez & Solola]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. — to be deleted
Lippia chiapasensis Loes. [Guatemala]
Lippia graveolens H.B.K. [Baja Verapaz]
Lippia hypoleia Briq. -- to be deleted
Lippia hypoleia var. ovatifolia Moldenke -- to be deleted
Lippia myriocephala var. leia (Briq.) Moldenke [Alta
Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, El Petén, & San Marcos]
Lippia myriocephala var. ovatifolia (Mcldenke) Moldenke [El
Progreso]
Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Baja Verapaz]
Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Moldenke [Jutiapa &
Santa Rosa]
BRITISH HONDURAS:
Lippia hypoleia Briq. — to be deleted
Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke
Paepalanthus belizensis Moldenke*
BRITISH HONDURAN ISLANDS:
Avicennia germinans (L.) L. [Northwest Cay]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Middle & Southwest Cays]
HONDURAS :
Cornutia lilacina Moldenke [Cortés]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
[Santa B4rbara]
Lippia cardiostegia Benth. [Lempira]
Lippia hypoleia Briq. — to be deleted
Lippia iocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke (Comayagua,
El Sietan, & Moraz4n]
Petrea volubilis L. [Yoro]
ae ee
Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Moidenke [Cop4n, Ocote-
que, & Santa Barbara]
197 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 433
BAY ISLANDS:
- Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
EL SALVADOR:
Lippia hypoleia Briq. -- to be deleted
Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke [San Salva-
dor & Santa Ana]
NICARAGUA :
Lippia cardiostegia Benth. [Leén & Masaya]
Lippia hypoleia Briq. — to be deleted
Lippia iocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke [Chontales &
Matagalpa
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Granada & Zelaya]
Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Moldenke [Managua]
COSTA RICA:
Citharexylum caudatum L. [San José]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Puntarenas |
Lantana lopez—palacii Moldenke [Cartago]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. — to be deleted
Lippia controversa Moldenke [Guanacaste]
Lippia hypoleia Briq. -- to be deleted
Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke [Cartago,
Guanacaste, & San José]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Puntarenas]
Stachytarpheta frantzii var. mollissima Moldenke [Guanacaste]
PANAMA :
Aegiphila anomala Pittier [Bocas del Toro & Panam4]
Aloysia virgata var. platyphylla (Briq.) Moldenke [Herrera]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
[Bocas del Toro, Canal Zone, Chiriquf, Coclé, Herrera, Pana-
m4, & Veraguas; Shepherd Island]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -—- to be deleted
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Canal Zone & Colén]
Vitex masoniana Pittier [Chocé]
BERMUDA ISLANDS:
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Saint Georges]
BAHAMA ISLANDS:
Callicarpa americana L. {Abaco & North Andros]
Lantana involucrata f. rubella Moldenke [East Plana]
Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [cat]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Cat]
CUBA:
Duranta fletcheriana Moldenke -- delete the asterisk
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Little Cayman]
CA
43 PB YDrO DiOdel & Vol. 28, no. 5
PALOMINTOS ISLAND:
Citharexylum fruticosum L.
Duranta fletcheriana Moldenke
Lantana involucrata L.
CAJA DE MUERTO ISLAND:
Citharexylum fruticosum L.
Duranta repens L.
DESECHO ISLAND:
Duranta repens L.
VIRGIN ISLANDS:
Avicennia germinans (L.) L. [Virgin Gorda]
Citharexylum fruticosum var. subvillosum Moldenke [Jost Van
e
Pie late aculeatum (L.) Schlecht. [Jost Van Dyke]
Lantana involucrata f. rubella Moldenke [Saint Croix]
LEEWARD ISLANDS:
Bouchea prismatica var. brevirostra Grenz. [Guadalupe]
WINDWARD ISLANDS:
Duranta repens L. [Saint Vincent]
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia f. albiflora Moldenke [Martinique]
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO:
Citharexylum spinosum L. [Little Tobago]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
[Trinidad]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -= to be deleted
Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Little Tobago]
SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS ANTILLES:
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Curacao]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -—- to be deleted
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICAN ISLANDS:
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Margarita]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. — to be deleted
COLOMBIA :
Aegiphila caucensis Moldenke [Valle del Cauca]
Aegiphila elata Sw. [Tolima]
Aegiphila grandis Moldenke [delete "Caquet4"]
Aegiphila guianensis Kioldenke —- to be deleted
Aegiphila integrifolia var. guianensis (Moldenke) Lépez-
ses CaquetA, Chocé, Cundinamarca, Méta, & Valle del
Cauca
Aegiphila moldenkeana Lépez-Palacios [Caquet4]
Aegiphila mollis var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Lépez~Palacios
[Atléntico, Bolfvar, Chocé, Magdalena, & Méta]
Aegiphila puberulenta Moldenke — to be deleted
Bouchea boyacana Moldenke [Guajira]
Citharexylum bullatum Moldenke [Cundinamarca] *
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 435
Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. [Putumayo]
Cornutia microcalycina Pavon & Moldenke [Bolfvar]
Cormutia microcalycina var. pulverulenta Moldenke [Méta]
Eriocaulon microcephalum H.3B.K. [Cundinamarca]
Lantana boyacana hioldenke — to be deleted
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
[Antioquia, Atld4ntico, Bolfvar, Boyac&, Caldas, Caquetd4,
Cauca, Cundinamarca, Guajira, Huila, Magdalena, Méta, Norte
de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, & Valle del Cauca]
Lantana cujabensis var. ctata Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana fucata Lindl. [Santander]
Lantana fucata f. albiflora Moldenke [Santander]
Lantana lopez-palacii Moldenke [Antioquia, Boyac4, Cauca, Cun-
dinamarca, Huila, Santander, & Valle del Cauca]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. —- to be deleted
Lantana rugulosa H.3.K. [Norte de Santander & Tolima]
Lantana rugulosa f. albiflora Moldenke [Tolima]
lippia hirsuta L. f. [Caldas]
Lippia moritzii Turcz. —- to be deleted
Paepalanthus columbiensis Ruhl. [Antioquia]
Paepalanthus fasciculatus f. sphaerocephalus Herzog [Vaupés]
Phyla nodiflora var. canescens CARS) Moldenke [Guajira]
Phyla strigulosa var, sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke [Atl4ntico]
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios
Guajira, Magdalena, & Vichada]
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. -- to be deleted
Syngonanthus caulescens var. angustifolius Moldenke -- delete
the asterisk
Verbena litoralis H.8.K. [Putumayo]
Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber [Cundinamarca]
VENEZUELA :
Aegiphila bogotensis var. aequinoctialis Moldenke [Mérida]
Aegiphila elata var. macrophylla (H.B.K.) Lépez-Palacios [Mér—
ida
Aegiphila glandulifera Moldenke [Mérida]
Aegiphila grandis Moldenke [Trujillo]
Aegiphila guianensis Moldenke — to be deleted
Aegiphila integrifolia var. guianensis (Moldenke) Lépez-Palacios
epee Apure, Barinas, Carabobo, Gudrico, Mérida, & Tru-
jillo
Aegiphila lewisiana Moldenke (Mérida)
Aegiphila mollis var. intermedia Moldenke [Mérida]
Aegiphila mollis var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Lépez-Palacios
{Aragua]
Aegiphila puberulenta Moldenke — to be deleted
Aegiphila quinduensis (H.B.K.) Moidenke [Mérida]
Aegiphila sessiliflora Moldenke -- to be deleted
Aegiphila ternifolia f. oppositifolia Lépez-Palacios [Trujillo]
436 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 28, no. 5
Aegiphila venezuelensis var. serrata Moldenke [Aragua]
Bouchea prismatica var. longirostra Grenz. [Sucre]
Citharexylum dawei Moldenke [delete "Delta Amacuro"]
Citharexylum decorum Moldenke [Delta Amacuro]
Citharexylum dryanderae Moldenke — to be deleted
xCitharexylum hybridum Moldenke {Falcén]
Citharexylum mirifolium Moldenke [delete "Falcén"]
Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. [Mérida]
Citharexylum subflavescens Blake [Trujillo]
Citharexylum venezuelense Moldenke [Mérida & Tdchira]
a ES SSSR ES
Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. [Delta Amacuro]
Duranta repens L. [Delta Amacuro]
Lantana armata Schau. [Falc6n, Monagas, & Sucre]
Lantana armata var. velutina Moldenke [Falcén & Sucre] — de-
lete the asterisk
Lantana boyacana Moldenke -- to be deleted
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Amazonas, Aragua, Barinas, Bolfvar, Carabobo, Delta Amacu-
ro, Falcén, Federal District, Gudrico, Lara, Mérida, Miran-
da, Sucre, & TAchira]
Lantana camara var. mutabilis (Hook.) L. H. Bailey [Sucre]
Lantana caracasana Turcz. [Carabobo]
Lantana glandulosissima Hayek —- to be deleted
Lantana hispida H.B.K. —- to be deleted
Lantana maxima Hayek [Carabobo & Zulia]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -—— to be deleted
Lantana pittieri Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke [Monagas & TAchira]
Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. — to be deleted
Lippia hirsuta L. f. {Aragua, Federal District, Lara, Mérida,
Miranda, & Trujillo]
Lippia linearis H.B.K. — to be deleted
Lippia micromera Schau. [Delta Amacuro & Trujillo]
Lippia moritgii Turcz. -- to be deleted
-Lippia schomburgkiana Schau. — to be deleted
Paepalanthus formosus Moldenke —- delete the asterisk
Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. venezuelensis Moldenke [Bolf-
var ]*
Petrea glandulosa Pittier [Trujillo]
Phyla linearis (HeB.K.) Lépez—Palacios [Sucre]*
Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke [Federal District]
Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke [Falcén]
Priva lappulacea f. albiflora Moldenke [Delta Amacuro]
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez—Palaci-
os [Bolfvar, Gudrico, & Monagas]
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f., jenmani (Moldenke) Moldenke [Ap-
ure, Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Gudrico, & Mérida]
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 437
Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl [Mérida]
Stachytarpheta dichotoma f, albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke [Del-
ta Amacuro & Monagas]
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. — to be deleted
Stachytarpheta elatior var. jernmani Moldenke -—~ to be deleted
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Monagas]
Stachytarpheta mtabilis (Jacq.) Vahl [Anzodtegui]
Stachytarpheta trinitensis Moldenke [Sucre]
Vitex stahelii Moldenke [delete "Amazonas" and "Barinas"]
GUYANA:
Aegiphila cowani Moldenke*
Aegiphila guianensis Moldenke — to be deleted
Kegiphila grifo var. guianensis (Moldenke) Lépez-Palac-
ios
Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau.
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. — to be deleted
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) LSpez-Palacios
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. jenmani (Moldenke) Moldenke
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. -- to be deleted
Stachytarpheta elatior var. jenmani Moldenke — to be deleted
Stachytarpheta lythrophylla Schau.
Stachytarpheta roraimensis Moldenke — to be deleted
Syngonanthus andulosus var. epapillosus Moldenke
SURINAM:
Aegiphila mollis var. intermedia Moldenke
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f, elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. -- to be deleted
Syngonanthus fertilis (Kérn.) Ruhl.
Vitex panshiniana Moldenke
ECUADOR:
Aegiphila bogotensis var. aequinoctialis Moldenke -- delete the
asterisk
Aegiphila multiflora Rufz & Pav. [Guayas]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios
[Chimborazo, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Loja, Los Rios, Napo-
Pastaza, Pichincha, &
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -- to be deleted
PERU:
Aegiphila filipes Mart. & Schau, [San Mart{n]
Aegiphila lanceolata Moldenke [Loreto]
Aegiphila umbraculiformis Moldenke [San Martf{n]
Duranta coriacea Hayek [HuAmuco]
Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
[Amazonas, Apurimac, Cajamarca, Hudnuco, Junfn, Lima, Loreto,
Madre de Dfos, & San Martfin]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. — to be deleted
438 Pero Oe Tad Vol. 28, no. 5
Lantana trifolia var. rigidivsouls Briq. [San Martin]
Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke [Loreto]
Verbena litoralis var. caracasana (H.B.K.) Moldenke [Junfn]
BRAZIL:
Aegiphila guianensis Moldenke — to be deleted
Aegiphila integrifolia var. guianensis (Moldenke) Lépez-
Palacios [Amaz6nas & Pard]
Aegiphila lanceolata Moldenke [Goids & Mato Grosso]
Aegiphila lhotzkiana Cham. [Mato Grosso]
Aegiphila mediterranea Vell. [Guanabara]
Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. [Mato Grosso]
Aloysia ternifolia f. oppositifolia Moldenke [Paran4]*
Amasonia lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. [MaranhXo]
Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. f. [Bahia & Cear4]
Eriocaulon carajense Moldenke [Par4]*
Eriocaulon ligulatum (Vell.) L. B. Sm. [Santa Catarina Island]
Eriocaulon magnificum Ruhl. [Santa Catarina Island]
Eriocaulon modestum Kunth [Santa Catarina Island]
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. minor Moldenke [Goids]*
Eriocaulon sellowianum var. paranense (Moldenke) Moldenke &
Smith [Mato Grosso]
Eriocaulon steyermarkii Moldenke (Goids]
Eriocaulon ulaei var. radiosum Ruhl. [Santa Catarina]
Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moldenke —- to be deleted
Lantana armata var. velutina Moldenke [Goi4s]
Lantana camara var. alba Moldenke [Distrito Federal]
Lantana camara var. stifolia Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana camara var, moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez~Palacios
[Goia&s, Guanabara, Minas Gerais, Par&, Parand, Rio de Jan-
eiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, & S#o Paulo]
Lantana canescens H.B.K. [Paran4]
Lantana fucata Lindl. [Maranh{%o]
Lantana minasensis Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana minasensis var. longibracteolata Moldenke —- to be de-
leted
Lantana minasensis var. puberulenta Moldenke -—- to be deleted
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -- to be deleted
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Goids]
Lantana trifolia f. oppositifolia Moldenke [Mato Grosso]
Lantana trifolia var. rigidiuscula Briq. [Paran4]
Lantana triplinervia Turcz. [Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, ParanA,
& So Paulo}
Lantana triplinervia var. longibracteolata (Moldenke) Moldenke
(Minas Gerais]*
Lantana triplinervia var. minasensis (Moldenke) Moldenke [Bahia,
Guanabara, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, & SHo Paulo]*
Lantana triplinervia var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Moldenke [Ba-
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 4439
hia & Minas Gerais]*
Leiothrix argyroderma var. brevipes Moldenke [Rio de Janeiro]
Leiothrix fluminensis var. puberula Moldenke [Rio de Janeiro]
Lippia affinis Schau. [Distrito Federal]
Lippia gehrtii Moldenke [Mato Grosso]
Lippia hatschbachii Moldenke [Mato Grosso]*
Lippia intermedia var. parvifolia Moldenke [Paran4]*
Lippia lacunosa var. ovatifolia Moldenke [Minas Gerais]*
Lippia lupulina var. paraguariensis Chod. [Mato Grosso]
Lippia petiolata Moldenke (Minas Gerais]*
Lippia sidoides Cham. [Goids]
Lippia vernonioides var, attenuata (Mart.) Moldenke [Goids,
Maranhfo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pardé, & S#o Paulo]
Lippia vinosa Moldenke [Mato Grosso]*
Paepalanthus amoems (Bong.) Korn. [delete "Distrito Federal"]
Faepelantins bryoides (Riedel) Kunth [Parané]
Paepalanthus formosus Moldenke [Pard]
Paepalanthus leiseringii Ruhl. [delete "Santa Catarina"]
Paepalanthus —— var. globulifer (Alv. Silv.) Moldenke
Par:
& Smi
Paepalanthus plumipes Alv. Silv. [delete "Bahia" and "Espirito
Santo" ]
Paepalanthus polyanthus (Bong.) Kunth [Bahia & Espirito Santo;
Santa Catarina Island]
Paepalanthus rhizocephalus Alv. Silv. [Goids]
Paepalanthus speciosus var. attenuatus Moldenke [Distrito
Federal & Goids]*
Paepalanthus speciosus f. calvescens Moldenke [Goids & Mato
Grosso]*
Paepalanthus subtilis Miq. [Rio Grande do Norte]
Paepalanthus urbanianus Ruhl. (Distrito Federal & Minas Gerais]
Stachytarpheta andersonii Moldenke [Goids]*
Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl [Amap4]
Stac heta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios
Amap4, Amaz6nas, Bahia, Ceard, Guanabara, Mato Grosso, Minas
Gerais, Par&, Parafba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande
do Norte, & Roraima]
Stac heta angustifolia f. jermani (Moldenke) Moldenke
Parad
heta chamissonis var. andersonii Moldenke [Goids]*
Stac heta chamissonis var. longipedicellata Moldenke
Tectdsye
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. — to be deleted
Stachytarpheta elatior var, jenmani Moldenke -—- to be deleted
Stachytarpheta gesnerioides var. simplex (Hayek) Moldenke [Goi-
&s, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, & S&o Paulo]
Stachytarpheta lacunosa var. angustifolia Moldenke — to be de-
leted
40 PHYTOL OG PA Vol. 28, no. 5
Stachytarpheta lacunosa var. attenuata Moldenke [Minas Ger-
ais]*
Stachytarpheta lythrophylla Schau. -- delete the asterisk
Stachytarpheta macedoi Moldenke [Goids]
Stachytarpheta simplex Hayek -- to be deleted
Stachytarpheta trispicata Nees & Mart. [Minas Gerais]
Syngonanthus caulescens var. angustifolius Moldenke [Mato
Grosso & Santa Catarina]
Syngonanthus fischerianus var. hatschbachii Moldenke [Paran4
& SHo Paulo}*
Syngonanthus glandulosus var. epapillosus Moldenke [Paran4]
Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl. [Amaz6nas]
Syngonanthus nitens var. hirtulus Ruhl. [Mato Grosso]
Syngonanthus nitens var. koernickei Ruhl. (Mato Grosso]
Verbena cabrerae va: var. angustilobata Moldenke [Mato Grosso]*
Verbena calliantha Briq. [Paran4]
xVerbena intercedens Briq. [Santa Catarina]
Verbena rectiloba Moldenke [Rio Grande do Sul]*
Verbena tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke [Parané]
MARAJO ISLAND:
Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl
BOLIVIA:
Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Santa Cruz]
Lippia vernonioides var. attenuata (Mart.) Moldenke [El Beni}
Paepalanthus speciosus (Bong .) Korn. -- to be deleted
Paepalanthus speciosus var. bolivianus Moldenke [Santa Cruz]*
Stac heta stifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez—Palac-
ios [El Beni & Santa Cruz]
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. —- to be deleted
Verbena brasiliensis Vell. [Santa Cruz]
PARAGUAY :
Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moidenke -- to be deleted
Lantana canescens H.B.K.
Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palac-
ios
Stachytarpheta gesnerioides var. cuneata Schau.
Stachytarpheta gesnerioides var. simplex (Hayek) Moldenke
Stachytarpheta simplex Hayek —- to be deleted
CHILE:
Acantholippia trifida (C. Gay) Moldenke [Coquimbo]
Junellia tridens (Lag.) Moidenke [Magellanes]
Verbena bonariensis L. [Maileco]
ARGENTINA :
Aegiphila saltensis Legname [Salta]*
Aloysia chacoénsis var. ustifolia Troncoso*
Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke [Mendoza]
197h Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement Aral
Bouchea boliviana (Kuntze) Moldenke [Jujuy]
Junellia erinacea (Gill. & Hook.) Moldenke [Neuquén]
Junellia tridens (Lag.) Moldenke -- deletes the asterisk
Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moldenke -- to be deleted
Lantana canescens H.3.K. [Entre Rfos, Jujuy, Salta, & Tucum4n]
Lantana fucata f. albiflora Moldenke [Salta]
Lantana micrantha f. violacea Moldenke [Jujuy]
Lantana minasensis var. puberulenta Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana triplinervia var. hispida (Moldenke) Moldenke [Corrien-
tes]*
Lippia integrifolia (Griseb.) Hieron. [Mendoza]
Parodianthus capillaris Troncoso [Cérdoba]*
Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke [Salta]
Verbena atacamensis Moldenke [Mendoza; delete "Formosa"]
Verbena hasslerana Briq. [Corrientes]
Verbena macrosperma Speg. [Neuquén]
Verbena perakii (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke [Salta]
Verbena tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke (Corrientes ]}
AUSTRIA:
Vitex agnus-castus L.
LIBYA:
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke
Verbena supina f. erecta Moldenks
EGYPT:
Clerodendrum splendens G. Don
Lantana camara L.
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke
Lantana rugosa var. tomentosa Moldenke
Vitex agnus-castus L.
Vitex agnus-castus var. pseudo-negundo Hausskn.
MALI:
Svensonia laeta (Fenzl) Moldenke [Senegambia]
NIGER REPUBLIC:
Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Korn.
SUDAN:
Clerodendrum cordifolium (Hochst.) A. Rich. [Bahr El Ghazal]
Clerodendrum discolor (Klotzsch) Vatke [Equitoria]
Clerodendrum myricoides var. grosseserratum Gurke [Red Sea]
Lantana viburnoides var. velutina Moldenke [Bahr El Ghazal &
Dafur]
Lippia multiflora Moldenke [Bahr El Ghazal]
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (Kassala & Nubia]
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Kassala)
Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schau. [Red Sea]
Premna resinosa f. grossedentata Moldenke*
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Bahr El Ghazal]
he POH. TO TiO. G5 & Vol. 28, no. 5
Tectona grandis L. f. [Khartoum]
Vitex Vitex doniana var. parvifolia (Engl.) Moldenke (Bahr El Gha-
“gal & Blue Nile]
Vitex madiensis Oliv. [Bahr El Ghazal]
Vitex madiensis var. schweinfurthii (Gtrke) Pieper [Kordofan]
BAKIYAI TYAI ISLANDS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. [Aqiq, Nile, & Toti]
AFARS AND ISSIS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Chascanum hildebrandtii (Vatke) Gillett
Chascanmum marrubiifolium Fenzl
Lantana petitiana A. Rich.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schau.
Priva cordifolia (L. f.) Druce
SIERRA LEONE: t
Eriocaulon dalzellii Korn.
LIBERTA:
Clerodendrum botryodes J. G. Baker
LIBERIAN ISLANDS:
Avicennia africana P, Beauv. [Bushrod]
CHAD:
Svensonia laeta (Fenzl) Moldenke
ZAIRE:
Clerodendrum guerkei J. G. Baker
BURUNDI:
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke
PANZA ISLAND:
Vitex negundo L.
PEMBA BA ISLAND:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
SLE um glabrum E. Mey.
Stachytarpheta a jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
Ee urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims
Vitex doniana Sweet
Vitex ‘negundo L.
TUMBATU ISLAND:
Clerodendrum sansibarense Giirke
ZANZIBAR:
Lantana camara L.
ANGOLA:
Lippia hispida Good [Hufla]
ZAMBIA :
Clerodendrum myricoides var. camporum Gurke
Eriocaulon schlechteri Ruhl.
MALAWI :
Lantana primulina Moldenke*
197 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement by3
MOZAMBIQUE:
Eriocaulon schlechteri Ruhl. -- delete the asterisk
SOUTH AFRICA:
Eriocaulon sonderianum Korn, [Cape Province]
Verbena officinalis var. gaudichaudii Briq. [Transvaal]
Vitex agnus-castus L. [Cape Province]
SEYCHELLES ISLANDS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. [Cousin]
Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [Silhouette]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Cousin]
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Frigate]
ARABIA:
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Riyad]
PERSIAN GULF ISLANDS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. [Tarut]
PAKISTAN:
Avicennia alba Blume [delete "Sind"]
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Sind]
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C. B. Clarke [Northwest Fron
tier]
Lantana camara L. (Sind, West Kashmir, & West Punjab]
Tantana camara var. flava (Medic.) Moldenke [Sind & West Pun-
~ jaby-
Lantana indica Roxb. [Northwest Frontier]
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Baluchistan]
Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.3.K.) Moldenke [Sind & West
Punjab
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Baluchistan,
Sind, & West Punjab
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Sind]
Tectona grandis L. f.
Verbena bonariensis L. [Northwest Frontier]
Verbena officinalis L. [Baluchistan & Sind]
Verbena tenuisecta Briq. [Northwest Frontier & Sind]
Vitex agnus-castus var. pseudo-negundo Hausskn. [Northwest Fron-
tier & West Punjab]
Vitex negundo L. 5208)
SIKKIM:
Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br.
Verbena officinalis L.
Vitex negundo L.
Vitex quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will.
INDIA:
Callicarpa arborea var. oblongifolia Kanjilal [Assam]*
Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn. [Khasi States]
Callicarpa psilocalyx C. B. Clarke [Khasi States]
Callicarpa vestita Wall. [Assam & Khasi States]
Caryopteris odorata (Hamilt.) B. L. Robinson [Assam]
hhh PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 28, no. 5
Caryopteris paniculata C. B. Clarke [Assam]
Citharexylum spinosum L. [Indore & Kerala]
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [Karnara & Karnataka]
Clerodendrum lasiocephalum C. B. Clarke [Khasi States]
Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. [Karnataka, Kerala, Madyha
Pradesh, & Manipur]
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke [Khasi
States ]*
Clerodendrum villosum Blume [Assam]
Duranta repens L. [Indore]
Eriocaulon breviscapum Korn. [Madyha Pradesh]
Eriocaulon dalzellii var. glabratum Moldenke [Gujarat ]*
Eriocaulon dianae Fyson [Kerala]
Eriocaulon lanceolatum var. pilosum Moldenke [Kerala]
Eriocaulon leucomelas Steud. [Kerala]
Eriocaulon nilagirense f. ifolium Moldenke [Madras]
Eriocaulon odoratum Dalz. Fiver)
Eriocaulon ritchieanum Ruhl. [Madhya Pradesh]
Eriocaulon vanheurckii Muell.-Arg. [Kerala]
Holmskioldia s inea f. citrina Moldenke [Assam]*
Lantana camara L. [Delhi]
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Khasi States]
Lantana indica Roxb. [Assam]
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Indore]
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. [Karnataka]
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Indore]
Phyla nodifiora var. canescens (H«B.K.) Moldenke [Indore]
Premna barbata Wall. [Madhya Pradesh]
Premna interrupta Wall. [Khasi States]
Premna khasiana C. B. Clarke [Khasi States]
Premna latifolia Roxb. [Assam]
Pramna milleflora C. B. Clarke [Assam & Khasi States]
Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [Khasi States]
Premna odorata Blanco -= to be deleted
Premna pinguis C. B. Clarke [Khasi States]
Premna punduana Wall. [Khasi States]
Prema scandens Roxb. [Kerala]
Premna tomentosa Willd. [Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, &
Madras
Priva cordifolia (L. f.) Druce [Khasi States]
Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke [Khasi States & Madhya
Pradesh]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Indore & Khasi States]
Stac rpheta mitabilis var. violacea Moldenke [Kerala & Uttar
Pradesh]
xVerbena hybrida Voss [Bihar]
Verbena officinalis L. [Khasi States & Madhya Pradesh]
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement Ls
Vitex altissima L. f. [Assam]
Vitex glabrata R. Br. [Khasi States]
Vitex limonifolia Wall. [Khasi States]
Vitex negundo var. urascens Sivarajan & Moldenke [Kerala]*
Vitex duncularis Wall. [Khasi States]
Vitex pinnata L. [Karnataka]
Vitex aoe (Lour.) F. N. Will. [Khasi States]
Vitex trifolia L. [Assam]
Vitex vestita Wall. [Khasi States]
BANGLADESH:
All the references under "East Bengal" in PAKISTAN should now
be transferred here
Premna interrupta Wall.
LACCADIVES ISLANDS:
Prema obtusifolia R. Br. [Minikoy]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl (Minikoy]
MALDIVE ISLANDS:
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Heddufure]
Phyla Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (Addu, Hunigandi, Hunigonitila, &
Vermiandu]
Vitex negundo L. [Dunnika, Malé, Turadu, & Vermiandu]
SRI LANKA:
Clerodendrum incisum Klotzsch
Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke
Duranta repens L,.
Eriocavlon collinum var. nanum Moldenkex
Eriocaulon ligulaefolium Alston*
Eriocaulon nilagirense f. parvifolium Moldenke
Eriocaulon guinquangulare var. elatius Moldenke*
Eriocaulon quinquangulare var. martianum Wall.
Eriocaulon robusto-brormianum Ruhl.
Eriocaulon setaceum var. capillus-naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke*
Eriocaulon sexangulare f. viviparum Moldenke
Eriocaulon willdenovianum var. fergusonii Moldenke+
Lantana camara var. alba Moldenke
Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey
Lantana camara var. varia (Kuntze) Moldenke
Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq.
Lantana trifolia f. albiflora Moldenke
Premna latifolia var. cuneata C. B, Clarke
Prerma latifolia var. mollissima C. B. Clarke
Premna odorata Blume -- to be deleted
Premna odorata var. detergibilis (C. B. Clarke) Moldenke — to
be deleted
Premna thwaitesii f. glabrescens Moldenke*
Premna tomentosa Willd.
Premna tomentosa var. detergibilis C. B. Clarke*
LL6 PE. Y.T,O°L/0-G 1 A Vol. 28, no. 5
Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl
xStachytarpheta intercedens Dans.
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis f. flora Moldenke
Stachytarpheta mtabilis een Vahl
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia f. albiflora Moldenke
Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.
SRILANKAN ISLANDS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. [Erumativu]
Premna latifolia var. viburnoides (Wall.) C. B. Clarke [Sober]
Premna procumbens Moon [Sober ]
BURMA:
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [Southern Shan States]
Eriocaulon quinquangulare var. martianum Wall. -— delete the
asterisk
Tectona grandis var. glabrifolia Moldenke
Vitex trifolia L. [Upper Burma]
Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke [Upper Burma]
ANDAMAN ISLANDS:
Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [South Andaman]
MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO:
Clerodendrum villosum Blume [Mergui]
Vitex pinnata L. [Mergui]
THAILAND:
Eriocaulon xeranthemum Mart.
INDOCHINA:
Callicarpa candicans var. sumatrana (Miq.) Moldenke [Vietnam]
Clerodendrum paniculatum L. [Vietnam]
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Vietnam]
Premna odorata var. pierriana (Dop) Moldenke [Cambodia]
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Vietnam]
MALAYA:
Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Penang]
Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. [Singapore]
Eriocaulon sexangulare f. viviparum Moldenke -- delete the as-
terisk
Eriocaulon truncatum Hamilt. [{Perak]
Gmelina asiatica L. [Singapore]
Sphenodesme pentandra Jack [Penang]
JAPAN:
Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. [Tsushima]
Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke [Honshu]
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS:
Premna depauperata Merr. [Luzon]
MARIANAS ISLANDS:
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (Sarigan]
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Cabras]
xStachytarpheta intercedens Dans. [Guam]
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement Wh7
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Pagan]
PALAU ISLANDS:
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Peleliu]
Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. f. [Koror]
Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke
[Koror]
Pyle poditlers nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Angaur]
tachytarpheta _ jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Angaur, Aulupseel, &
Peleliu]
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Angaur, Malakal, &
Urukthapel }
Tectona grandis L. f. [Koror]
GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS:
Eriocaulon brownianum Mart. [Java & Sumatra]
Eriocaulon sollyanum Royle [Sumatra]
Lantana camara var. angustifolia Moldenke — to be deleted
Lantana triplinervia Turcz. [Java]
Premna obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schau.) Moldenke [Java]
CAROLINE ISLANDS:
Callicarpa erioclona f. glabrescens Moldenke [Falalis]
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn, [Lamotrek, Nukuoro, Satawal,
Sonsorol, & Wattagai]
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Faraulap]
Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke (Peleliu]
Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [Moch]
Premna obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schau.) Moldenke [Fala-
ae & Nukuoro]
tachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Namoluk]
a trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke
MARSHALL ISLANDS:
Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [Bekrak]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Dalep]
GILBERT ISLANDS:
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Bikenibeu & Butaritari]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl (Butaritari]
Stac heta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Butaritari & Ta-
=A
PHOENIX ISLANDS:
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Canton]
Lantana camara L. [Hull]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Canton]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis f. parviflora Moldenke [Canton]
NEW GUINEA:
Eriocaulon sollyanum Royle
NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS:
Premna nitida K. Schum. [Fergusson]
Lh8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
SOLOMON ISLANDS:
Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. [Bougainville]
Avicennia officinalis L. [Bougainville]
Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Bougainville]
Faradaya amicorum (Seem.) Seem. [Bougainville]
Gmelina moluccana (Blume) Backer [Bougainville]
Prema obtusifolia R. Br. [Bougainville]
Stachytarpheta dichotoma f. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke
Upolu
Swink jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Bougainville]
Teijsmanniodendon ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh. [Bougainville]
NEW HEBRIDES:
Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke [Eramange]
AUSTRALIA:
Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br. [New South Wales]
Glossocarya hemiderma (F. Muell.) Benth. [Northern Territory]
Pityrodia jamesii Specht [Northern Territory]*
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS:
Lantana camara L. [Hawaii]
Stachytarpheta incana var. angustibracteata Moldenke [Kauai]
CULTIVATED:
Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso [Arizona]
Aloysia nahuire Gentry & Moldenke [Maryland]
Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Callicarpa kochiana Mak. [Germany]
Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [Egypt & Pakistan]
Callicarpa longifolia f. floccosa Schau. [Egypt]
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [Sri Lanka]
Callicarpa midiflora Hook. & Arn. [Sri Lanka]
Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br. [Sri Lanka]
Caryopteris odorata (Hamilt.) B. L. Robinson [Egypt, Pakistan,
& Sri Lanka}
Citharexylum fruticosum L. [Germany & Sri Lanka]
Citharexylum hidalgense Moldenke [Egypt]
Citharexylum montevidense (Spreng.) Moldenke [Egypt]
Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. [Venezuela]
Citharexylum spinosum L. [Pakistan]
Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Schlecht. [Egypt]
Clerodendrum bungei Steud. [Arizona & Egypt]
Clerodendrum emirnense Bojer [Pakistan]
Clerodendrum floribundum R. Br. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum fortunatum L. [Germany]
Clerodendrum glabrum E, Mey. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum heterophyllum (Poir.) R. Br. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum incisum var. macrosiphon (Hook. f.) J. G. Baker
{Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze [Pakistan, Sri Lanka, & Ven-
197k Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement Lo
ezuela]
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. [Egypt, Germany, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka, & Venezuela]
Clerodencrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R. Br. [Germany]
Clerodendrum lindleyi f. albiflorum Moidenke [Sri Lanka]
Cierodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum philippinum Schau. [Egypt, Pakistan, & Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum phlomidis L. f. [Egypt & Germany]
Clerodendrwm rotundifolium Oliv. [Egypt]
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii var. bakeri (Giirke) Thomas [Sri
Lanka]
Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert [Egypt, Sri Lanka, & Zan-
zibar]
Clerodendrum speciosissimum f. album Moldenke (Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum splendens G. Don [Egypt, Pakistan, & Sri Lanka)
Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. f. [Egypt, Pemba, Sri Lanka, Tin-
ian, & Zanzibar]
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum Nakai [Egypt]
Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke
[Pakistan & Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. [Sri Lanka]
Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. [Egypt]
Congea griffithiana Munir [Sri Lanka]
Congea tomentosa Roxb. [Bangladesh & Sri Lanka]
Congea velutina Wight [India & Sri Lanka]
Cornutia a microcalycina Pavon & Moldenke [Venezuela]
Duranta repens L. (Germany, Missouri, Pemba, & Zanzibar]
Duranta repens var. alba (Masters) L. H. Bailey (China, Pakis-
Stan... & Sri Lanka]
Duranta repens var. integrifolia (Tod. ) Moldenke [Florida]
Duranta repens var. microphylla (Desf.) Moldenke [Germany]
Duranta serratifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze [Egypt & Sudan]
Duranta serratifolia var. variegata Moldenke {Egypt ]*
Faradaya papuana Sch papuana Scheff. [Sri Lanka]
Faradaya splendida F. Muell. [Sri Lanka]
Gmelina arborea Roxb. [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines [British Honduras]
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C. B. Clarke [India & Sri
Lanka]
Gmelina asiatica L. [Sri Lanka]
Gmelina e@lliptica a J. E. Sm. (Java & Zanzibar]
Gmelina philippensis Cham. [Pakistan, Sri Lanka, & Zanzibar]
Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. (Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, &
Zanzibar
450 P HY T°O* L0G. 2K Vol. 28, no. 5
Holmskioldia sanguinea f. citrina Moldenke -- delete the as-
terisk
Lantana boyacana Moldenke — to be deleted
xLantana callowiana Monrovia [Pakistan]
Lantana camara L. [Arizona, Egypt, India, Pakistan, & Sri Lan-
ka]
Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Egypt & Sudan]
Lantana camara var. alba Moldenke (Egypt, Pakistan, & Sri Lan-
ka
wee camara var. angustifolia Moldenke -- to be deleted
Lantana camara var. flava (Medic.) Moldenke [Egypt & Pakistan]
Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Arizona]
Lantana camara var, moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
(California, Colombia, Germany, & Java]
Lantana camara var. multiflora (Otto & Dietr.) Moldenke [Ari-
zona
seein camara var. nana Moldenke [Missouri & New York]*
Lantana camara var. rubella Moldenke [Pakistan]
Lantana camara var. sanguinea (Medic.) L. H. Bailey [Pakistan]
Lantana canescens H.B.K. [Venezuela]
Lantana depressa Small [Thailand]
Lantana horrida H.B.K. [Arizona, North Carolina, & South Caro~
lina]
Lantana involucrata L. [Germany]
Lantana maxima Hayek [Peru]
Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. -- to be deleted
Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Egypt]
Lantana trifolia L. [Venezuela]
Lantana triplinervia Turez. [Banka, Brazil, Germany, India, &
Java]
Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. [Egypt]
Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Peru]
Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. [Germany]
Lippia turbinata Griseb. [Egypt]
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Oxera pulchella Labill. [Sri Lanka]
Petrea arborea H.B.K. [Sri Lanka & Zanzibar]
Petrea volubilis L. [Egypt, Pakistan, Pemba, Sri Lanka, & Zanzi-
bar }
Petrea volubilis var. pubescens Moldenke [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Phyla incisa Small -- to be deleted
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Guam & Sri Lanka]
Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Arizona, Germany, & Iran]
Premna divaricata Wall. {Sri Lanka]
Premna foetida Reinw. [Sri Lanka]
Premna gaudichaudii Schau. — to be deleted
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 451
Premna latifolia var. viburnoides (Wall.) C. B. Clarke [Sri
Lanka
Premna obtusifolia R. Br. [Sri Lanka & Trinidad]
Premna obtusifolia var. gaudichaudii (Schau.) Moldenke [Florida]
Premna obtusifolia var. serratifolia (L.) Moldenke [Sri Lanka]*
Premna tomentosa Willd. [Egypt
Pygmaeopremna oremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke [Sri Lanka]
Sphenodesme pentandra var. wallichiana (Schau.) Munir [Sri Lan-
ka]
Stac heta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez—Palacios
(Belgium & Sweden]
Stachytarpheta elatior Schrad. —- to be deleted
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Kwajalein]
Stachytarpheta mtabilis (Jacq.) Vahl [Tahiti]
Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims [Sri Lanka]
Tectona grandis L. f. [Burundi, Guinea, Indochina, Pakistan,
~ Pemba, & Zanzibar]
Tectona grandis f, abludens Koord. & Valet. [Egypt]
Tectona grandis var, glabrifolia Moldenke [Egypt & Sri Lanka]
Verbena bonariensis L. [Venezuela; delete "New York"']
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V. ambrosifolia Rydb. [Massa-
chuset ts ]*
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V. elegans H.B.K. [Massachu-
setts ]*
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V, maritima Small [Massachu-
setts ]*
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V. peruviana (L.) Britton
[Massachusetts ]*
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton x V. tampensis Nash [Massachu-
setts ]*
Verbena carolina L. [Germany]
Verbena hastata f. rosea Cheney [Germany & Netherlands]
Verbena hispida Rufz & Pav. {Sri Lanka]
xVerbena hybrida Voss (Missouri, Pakistan, Pemba, Singapore,
“Sri La Lanka, Thailand, & Zanzibar]
Verbena laciniata (Le j Briq. [Germany]
Verbena laciniata var. contracta (Lindl.) Moldenke [France &
Germany
Verbena laciniata var. sabini (Sweet) Moldenke — to be deleted
Verbena megapotamica Spreng. x V. pulchella Sweet [Massachu-
setts |*
ee Moldenke [India & Sri Lanka]
Verbena peru peruviana (L.) Britton [Missouri]
Verbena rigida Spreng. (Egypt, Sri Lanka, & Venezuela]
Verbena tenera Spreng. [Sri Lanka]
Verbena tenuisecta Briq. (Egypt, Pemba, Sri Lanka, & Zanzibar]
xVerbena vaga Moldenke [Massachusetts]
452 PHY? 0 LOOTS Vol. 28, no. 5
Vitex agnus-castus L. [Arizona, Pakistan, & Poland]
Vitex agnus-castus var. diversifolia (Carr.) Schelle [Egypt]
Vitex agnus-castus var. pseudo-negundo Hausskn. [Pakistan]
Vitex capitata Vahl [Sri Lanka]
Vitex cofassus Reinw. [Sri Lanka]
Vitex cymosa Bert. [Egypt]
Vitex doniana Sweet [Egypt]
Vitex doniana var. ifolia (Engl.) Moldenke [Sudan]
Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke [Egypt]
Vitex negundo L. [Pakistan & Sri Lanka]
Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. [Egypt]
Vitex negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke [Oklahoma &
Pakistan]
Vitex orinocensis H.B.K. [Venezuela]
Vitex peduncularis Wall. [Sri Lanka]
Vitex trifolia L. [Germany, Pakistan, & Sri Lanka]
Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Egypt]
Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke [India &
Sri Lanka]
Addenda & errata to Part II:
Abena jamaicensis Hitchc. = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
Acantholippia trifida Clos = A. trifida (C. Gay) Moldenke
Aegephila grandis [Moldenke] = Aegiphila grandis Moldenke
Aegiphila alata Heckel = A. elata Sw.
Aegiphila arborea Spruce = A. integrifolia var. guianensis (Mol-
denke) Lépez—Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Aegiphila barbadensis Moldenke = A. martinicensis f. barbadensis
(Moidenke) Moldenke
Aegiphila costarricensis Moldenke = A. costaricensis Moldenke
Aegiphila depeana [Steud.] = A. de eana Steud.
Aegiphila elata var. macrophilla (H.B.K.) Lépez-Palacios = A.
elata var. macrophylla (H.B.K.) Lépez—Palacios
Aegiphila glandulifera var. glandulifera Lépez—Palacios = A.
glandulifera Moldenke
Aegiphila guianensia Aristeguieta = A. integrifolia var. guianen-
sis (Moldenke) Lépez—Palacios
Aegiphila guianensis Moldenke = A. integrifolia var. guianensis
(Moldenke) Lépez-Palacios
Aegiphila integriflolia [Jacq.] = A. integrifolia (Jacq.) Jacq.
Aegiphila macrophilla H.B.K. = A. elata var. macrophylla (H.B.K.)
Lépez—Palacios
Aegiphila martinisensis Jack. = A. martinicensis Jacq.
Aegiphila mollis var. surfaceana Moldenke = A. mollis var. sur-
faceana (Woldenke) Moldenke
Aegiphila nobilis Heckel = A. mollis H.B,K.
197k Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 453
Aegiphila novorenatensis Lépez-Palacios = A. novogranatensis Mol-
denke
Aegiphila obdurata Darwin = A. obducta Vell.
Aegiphila paraguayensis Briq. = A. paraguariensis Briq.
Aegiphila puberulenta Moldenke = A. mollis var. puberulenta (Mol-
denke) Lépez—Palacios
Aegiphila sprucena Moldenke = A. spruceana Moldenke
Aegiphila steyermarkii var. macrophilla [Moldenke] = A. steyer-
markii var. macrophylla Moldenke
Aegiphila t ternifolia H.B.K. = A. ternifolia (H.B.K.) Moldenke
Aegiphila verrucosa Schau. = A, . ternifolia f. oppositifolia Lépez-
Palacios — this is the corrected entry
Aegiphilla macrophylla Willd. = Aegiphila elata var. macrophylla
Tees B,
pez—-Palacios
Aegiphyla obducta Vell. = Aegiphila obducta Vell.
toile Vell. = Aegiphila Jacq.
Aegyfilla obducta obducta Vell. = Aegiphila obducta Vell.
Aloysia Selloi Chi Cham. = A. sellowii (Briq.) Moldenke
Aloysia virgata var. laxa Mold, =. A. virgata var. laxa (Briq.)
Moldenke
Amasonia lasiocaulis Mart. & Schau. = A. lasiocaulos Mart, &
Schau,
Amasonia sprucena [Moldenke] = A. spruceana Molcenke
Amazonia arborea H.B.K. = Amasonia arborea H.B.K.
Amsonia Stearn = Amasonia L. f.
Avicenia tomentosa Duarte = Avicennia schaveriana Stapf & Leechman
Avicenina L. = Avicennia L.
Avicenina officinalis L. L. = Avicennia officinalis Le
Avicennia germinas germinas (L.) L. = A. germinans nans (L.) Le
Avicennia marina L. = A. marina (Forsk. (Forsk.) Vierh.
Avicennia officialis Por = A. officinalis L.
Avicennia officinalis Auct. ex Jafri = A. marina var. acutissima
Stapf & Moldenke
Avincennia Whipple = Avicennia L.
Baillonia spartioides Ball = Diostea scoparia (Gill. & Hook.) Miers
Beuchea Troncoso = Bouchea Cham,
Bouchea boliviana Mold. = B. boliviana (Kuntze) Moldenke
Bouchea dessecta S. Wats. = B. dissecta S. Wats.
Bouchea pseudogervaé f, pilosa Herzog = B. boliviana (Kuntze) Mol-
denke
Briickea eglandulosa Klotzsch & Karst. = Aegiphila ternifolia f.
oppositifolia Lépez-lalacios -- this is the corrected entry
Bruckea grandifolia (Willd.) Klotasch & Karst. = Aegiphila terni-
ae ory f. oppositifolia Lépez-Palacios —- this is the corrected
entry
Briickea verrucosa (Schau.) Klotzsch & Karst. = Aegiphila ternifolia
45h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
f. oppositifolia Lépez-Palacios — this is the corrected
entry
Brueckea eglandulosa Klotzsch & Karst. = Aegiphila ternifolia f.
oppositifolia Lépez—Palacios -=- this is the corrected entry
Brueckea grandifolia Klotzsch & Karst. = Aegiphila ternifolia f.
oppositifolia Lépez—Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Brueckea verrucosa (Schau.) Klotzsch & Karst. = Aegiphila terni-
folia f. oppositifolia Lépez—-Palacios -—- this is the correc-
ted en
Buddleia ae Kranzl. = Lippia myriocephala var. hypoleia
(Briq.) Koldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Calicarpa wallichiana Walp. = Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murr.
Callicarpa lanceolarium F.B.I. = C. longifolia f. floccosa Schau.
Callicarpa longifolia var. lanceolarium F.B.1. = C. longifolia
f. floccosa Schau.
Callicarpa pentandra var. typica (Schum.) Bakh. f. = Geunsia
pentandra (Roxb.) Merr.
Callicarpa pentandra var. typica f. geniuna Bakh. f. = Geunsia
pentandra (Roxb.) Merr.
Callicarpa sagaitifolia Wall. = Cc. rubella Lindl.
Callicarpa scabra scabra Hort. = Cc. pedunculata R Re Bre
Callicarpa squamosa Blume = =C. arborea Roxb.
Carptopetala Moldenke = Carptotepala Moldenke
Carptopetala jenmani (Gleason) Moldenke = Carptotepale jenmani
(Gleason) Moldenke
Cartelia cuneato-ovata Cav. = Castelia cuneato-ovata Cav.
Chascanum sessilifolia (Vatke) Moldenke = C. sessilifolium
(Vatke) Moldenke
Chlorodendron inerme Gaertn. = Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Citharexylen - Altschul = Citharexylum B, Fumesk cones
Citharexylum donnel—smithii Greenm. = C. donnell-smithii Greem.
Citharexylun
hidalgnense Woldenke = C. hidalgense Woldenke
Citharexylum poeppigii Walp. & Moldenke = C. poep C. poeppigii Walp.
Cleorodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze = Clerodendrum indicum (L.)
Kuntze
Clerodendron calamitosum £ glabriusculum Horsf. = Clerodendrum
calamitosum L.
Clerodendron disparifolium - denticulatum Hort. = Clerodendrum
laevifolium Blume
Clerodendron divaricatum Jack = Clerodendrum serratum var. wal-
lichii C. B. Clarke — this is the corrected entry
Clerodendron fallax var. fl. albo Hort. = Clerodendrum specio-
sissimum f. album Moldenke
Clerodendron farinosum Wall. = Clerodendrum serratw var. wal-
lichii C. B. Clarke —- tus is the corrected entry
Clerodendron fragrans fl. pleno Hort. = Clerodendrum philippinum
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement Ss
Schau,
Clerodendron indicum Kuntze = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze
Clerodendron japonicum Sweet = Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.)
Sweet
Clerodendron jasminoides Din = Clerodendrum calamitosum L.
Clerodendron javanicum Walp. = Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii
C. B. Clarke -— this is the corrected entry
Clerodendron mite Vahl = ?
Clerodendron mite Vatke = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze
Clerodendron rotundifolium Oliv. = Clerocendrum rotundifolium
Oliv.
Clerodendron rotundifolium var. keniensis Rh. Frijr. = Cleroden-
drum rotundifolium var. keniense Fries
Clerodendron serratum var. wallichiamum Royle = Clerodendrum ser-
ratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke —- this is the corrected
entry
Clerodendron serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke = Clerodendrum
serratum var, wallichii C. B. Clarke — this is the correc-
ted entry
Clerodendron squamatum var. bethuniana (Lowe) Bakh. = Cleroden-
drum bethunianum Lowe
Clerodendrum aculeatum (L.) Garcke = C. aculeatum (L.) Schlecht.
Clerodendrum cochinchinensis Altschul = Cc. C. cochinchinense Dop
Clerodendrum fallax f. albiflorum Hort. = =C. ". speciosissimum f.
album Moldenke
Clerodendrum foetidum Bunge = C. bungei Steud.
Clerodendrum fragrans var. multiplex Sw Sweet = C. philippinum Schau.
Clerodendrum fragrans var. pleniflorum Schau. = C. philippinun
Schau.
Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn, = inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Clerodendrum inermis Nevill = inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Clerodendrum j japonicum Sw. = C. japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet
Clerodendrum nerifolium Subram. & Nair = C. inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Clerodendrum nerilolium Subram. & Nair = Cs inerme (L.) Gaertn.
Clerodendrum pl plomides Farnsworth = Cc. phlomidis L. L. f.
Clerodendrum ternifolia [H.B.K.] = C. ternifolium H.B.K.
Clerodendrum thomasonae Balf. = C. thomsonae Balf. f.
Clerodendrum thompsonii Ball = C. thomsonae Balf. f.
Clerodendrum tricotomum Thunb. = C. trichotomum Thunb.
Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum Moidenke = C. umbellatum
var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke
Cordia macrocephala Willd. = Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke
this is the corrected entry
Cordia microcephala Willd. = Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke
this is the corrected entry __
Dicrastylis panifolia Ostenfeld = D. parvifolia F. Muell.
Ce
Thee
56 PHY. Ti0chiOuG TA Vol. 28, no. 5
Dupatya affinis (Bong.) Kuntze = Paepalanthus ramosus var.
affinis (Bong.) Ruhl.
Dupatya affinis Kuntze = Paepalanthus ramosus var. affinis
(Bong A) Ruhl.
Dupatya karstenii (Ruhl.) Rusby = Paepalanthus karstenii Ruhl.
Dupatya ramosa Kuntze = Paepalanthus ramosus (Wikstr.) Kunth
Dupatya ramosa (Wikstr.) Kuntze = P. ramosus (Wikstr.) Kunth
Dupatya roraimae (Oliver) Rusby = Rondonanthus roraimae (Oliv.)
Herzog
Duranta benthamii Briq. = D. benthami Brigq.
Duranta klotzschii Moritz = =D. mutisii L. f.
Duranta serratifolia var, puntata Troncoso = D. serratifolia var.
punctata Caro
Durantha mutisii L. f. = Duranta mutisii L. f.
Eriocaulon articulatum Hudson = | E. . aquaticun (J. Hill) Druce
Eriocaulon beauverdi (Beauverd) Moldenke = E. beauverdi Moldenke
Eriocaulon ¢apillus-naiadis Hook. f. = E. setaceum var. capillus-
naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Eriocaulon capillus-naidis Hook. f. = E. setaceum var. capillus-
naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -—- this is the corrected entry
Eriocaulon capillus-naidus Hook. f. = E. setaceum var. capillus~
naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -— this is the corrected entry
Eriocaulon capillus najadis Hook. f. = E. setaceum var. capillus-
naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Eriocaulon capillus-najadis Hook. f. = E. setaceum var. capillus-
naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -~- this is the corrected entry
Eriocaulon caulescens Hook. = E. atratum var. major Thwaites
Eriocaulon ceylanicum var. subacaulescens Wangerin | = E. ceylani-
cum Korn.
Eriocaulon cristatum var. Thwaites = E. longicuspe Hook. f. —
this is the corrected entry Big
Eriocaulon cristatum var. bracteis floralibus denticulatis et
longiuscule cuspidato-acuminatis Thwaites & Hook. f. = BE.
longicuspe Hook. f. — this is the corrected entry Wi
Eriocaulon decangularis L. = E. decangulare L.
Eriocaulon melanocephalum var. usteriamm Beauverd = E. melano-
cephalum ssp. usterianum Beauverd
Eriocaulon minimum Ruhl. = E. abyssinicum Hochst.
Eriocaulon quinquangulare f. viviparum Moldenke = E. quinquangu-
lare var. martianun Wall.
Eriocaulon quinquengulare L. = E. quinquangulare L.
Eriocaulon setaceum f. capillis-naiadis Haines = L. setaceum var.
capillus-naiadis (Hook, f.) Moldenke —- this is the correc-
ted entry
Eriocaulon setaceum f. capillus-naiadis Haines = E, setaceum var.
capillus-naiadis (Hook. f.) Moldenke -- this is the correc-
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 457
ted entry
Eriocaulon sexangulare A, Rich. = E. abyssinicum Hochst.
Eriocaulon sexangulare Ruhl. = E. stuhlmanni N. E. Br. -- this is
the corrected entry
Eriocaulon sonderianum Rendle = E, decipiens N. E. Br.
Erivcaulon stratum Gunaw. = E, atratun Korn,
Eriocaulon suichaense Hayata = E. suishaense Hayata
Eriocaulon triangular e With. = me pellucidum Michx,
Eriocaulon trimerium Mart. = the trimerous species of Eriocaulon
Gron.
Eriocaulon wallichianum var. fol, hirsutis Ferguson = E. willde-
novianum var. fergusonii Moldenke
Eriope horridula Epling = Lippia grandiflora Mart. & Schau.
Geinsia Wangerin = Geunsia Blume
Gesneria pilosa Hort. = G. aureonites Hook., Gesneriaceae
Ghinia cardenasii Moldenke = G. cardenasi Moldenke
Glandularia aristigera (Briq.) Tronc. = Verbena aristigera S.
Moore
"Glandularia canadensis x G. bipinnatifida" Solbrig = xVerbena
oklahonensis Moldenke
Glandularia ciliata Solbrig = Verbena ciliata Benth.
Glandularia elegans (L.) Small = Verbena ma elegans H.B.K.
"Glandularia elegan elegans x G. peruviana" Solbrig -- see under Verbena
elegans H.B.K. x vs 5 peruviana (L.) Britton
"Glandularia elegans x G. pulchella" Solbrig -- see under Verbena
elegans H.B.K. x V. pulchella Sweet
"Glandularia elegans (L.) Small x Gl. stellaroides (Cham.) Sch-
nack & Covas" -- see under Verbena elegans H.3.K. x V. stel-
larioides Cham.
Glandularia glutinosa (0. Ktze.) Schn. & Covas = Verbena glutin-
osa Kuntze
Glandularia hasslerana (Briq.) Tronc. = Verbena hasslerana Briq.
Glandularia hassleriana Schnack & Rubens = Verbena hasslerana
Briq.
Glandataria kuntzeana (Mold.) Tronc. = Verbena kuntzeana Moldenke
Glandularia macrosperma (Speg.) Tronc. = = Verbena macrosp macrosperma Speg.
Glandularia marrubioides Cham. = Verbena marrubioides Cham.
Glandularia moricolor (Mold.) Tronc. = Verbena moricolor Moldenke
Glandularia nana (Mold.) Tronc. = Verbena nana Moldenke
Glandularia nana Schnack & Rubens = Verbena nana Moldenke
"Glandularia per peruviana x G. megapotamica" Solbrig = xVerbena
schnackii Moldenke
Glandularia porrigens (Phil.) Troncoso = Verbena porrigens R. A.
Phil.
Glandularia pulchella (Spr.) Tronc. = Verbena pulchella Sweet
Glandularia santiaguensis x peruviana Solbrig -- see under Verbena
458 POH Pe OxGrOrGcl A Vol. 28, no. 5
santiaguensis (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke x V. peruviana (L.)
Britton
Glandularia scrobiculata (Gris.) Tronc. = Verbena scrobiculata
Griseb.
Glossocarya linnaei Clarke = G. scandens (L. £.) Moon
Glossocarya scandens Trimen = G. scandens (L. f.) Moon
Gmelina hystrix Schult. ex Kurz = G. philippensis Cham.
Junellia (Mold.) Trone. = Junellia Moldenke
Kalaharia uncinata var. paaviflora Moldenke = K. uncinata var.
parviflora (Schinz) Moldenke
Kalaharia uncinnatais D'Arcy & Keating = K. uncinata (Schinz)
Moldenke ie
Lampaya aratae Molf, = L. medicinalis R. A. Phil.
Lampaya hieronymi Mold. = L. hieronymi Schum. & Moldenke
Lampaya officinalis F. Phil. = L. medicinalis R. A. Phil.
Lampaya schickendantzii Mold. = ae hieronymi Schum. & Moldenke
Lanatana primulia Moldenke = Lantana primulina Moldenke
Lantana acasonica Purpus = L. velutina Mart. & Gal.
Lantana alba Brandis = L. indica Roxb.
Lantana aristata var. cabrerae Moldenke = L. canescens H.B.K.
Lantana aristeguieta [Moldenke] = L. aristeguietae e Moldenke
Lantana boyacana Desf. = L. rugulosa HeBeK. -- this is the cor-
rected entry
Lantana boyacana Moldenke = L. rugulosa H.B.K.
Lantana camara var. angustifolia Moldenke = L. triplinervia
Turcz.
Lantana canescens Fedde = Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.
K.) Moldenke
Lantana chamissonis (D. Dietr.) Briq. = L. chamissonis (D.
Dietr.) Benth.
Lantana cujabensis var. punctata Moldenke = L. lopez—palacii
Moldenke
Lantana cujabensis var. punctuata Moidenke = L. lopez—-palacii
Moldenke
Lantana grisebachii Stuck. ex Seckt. = L. grisebachii Stuck.
Lantana hyptoides Rusby = Hyptis rugosa - Pohl, Lamiaceae
Lantana inconspicua Tausch = L. fucata Lindl.
Lantana macropada Torr. = L. macropoda Torr.
Lantana minasensis Moldenke = L. triplinervia var. minasensis
~~ (Moldenke) Moidenke
Lantana minasensis var. hispida Moldenke = L, triplinervia var.
"hispida (Moldenke) Moldenke
Lantana minasensis var. longibracteolata Moldenke = L. tripli-
nervia var. longibracteolata (Koldenke) Moldenke
Lantana minasensis var. puberulenta Moldenke = L. triplinervia
var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Moldenke
Lantana moritziana Otto & Dietr. = L. camara var. moritziana
197) Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 459
(Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios
Lantana nodiflora Fedde = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
Lantana nodiflora f. pseudo-sarmentosa Fedde = Phyla nodiflora
var, rosea (D. Don) Moldenke
Lantana pittieri Moldenke = L, trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke
Lantana polyanthus Altschul = # Le camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke
Lantana salviaefolia Spreng. = 5 rugosa Thunb.
Lantana triplinervia Turcz. -- to be deleted
Lantanta Glover = Lantana L.
Lantamum Widgren = Lantana L.
Leiothrix fluminensis var. pilosa Moldenke = L, fluminensis var.
puberula Moldenke
Lipia myriocephala Ch. & Schl. = Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. &
Chan.
Lippia Houst. ex L. = Lippia Houst.
Lippia alba Schau. = Lantana rugosa Thunb.
ifr2 asperofolia Amico = L. alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.
Lippia attenuata Mart. = le ¥ vernonioides var. attenuata (Mart.)
Moldenke —- this is the corrected entry
Lippia briquetii Moldenke = L. hirsuta L. f. -- this is the cor-
rected entry
Lippia briquetti Moldenke = L. hirsuta L. f. — this is the cor-
rected entry
Lippia canescens var. imligera (Nees) Gay = Phyla nodiflora
var, rosea r. rosea (D. ae VYoldenke
Lippia cuneifolia var. incisa (Smali) Blankinship = Phyla nodi-
flora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke -- this is the corrected
en
Lippia ee var. incisa (Small) Lindheimer = Phyla nodi-
flora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke -- this is the corrected
entry
Lippia floribunda Briq. = L. hirsuta L. f. — this is the correc-
ted entry
Lippia hypoleia Briq. = L. myriocephala var. hypoleia (Brigq.)
Moldenke
Lippia hypoleia var. ovatifolia Moldenke = L. myriocephala var.
ovatifolia (hioldenke) Moldenke
Lippia oleuca Briq. = L, myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.)
Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Lippia chilensis Schau. in DC. = Aloysia salviaefolia (Hook, &
Arn.) Moldenke
Lippia incisa Small = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Molden-
ke -- this is the corrected entry
Lippia incisa (Small) Tidestr. = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa
(Small) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Lippia linearis Humb. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Lépez-Palacios —
this is the corrected entry
4,60 POHSYTO EeOcGvl A Vol. 28, no. 5
Lippia linearis Humb,. & Bonpl. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Lépez—
Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Lippia linearis Humb. & Kunth = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Lépez—
Palacios — this is the corrected entry
Lippia linearis H.B.K. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Lépez-Palacios
Lippia linearis Kunth = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Lépez—Palacios —
this is the corrected entry
Lippia moritzii Trucs. = L. hirsuta L. f. — this is the correc-
ted entry
Lippia moritzii Turcz. = L. hirsuta L. f. —- this is the correc-—
ted entry
Lippia myriocephaloides Briq. = L. myriocephala var. hypoleia
(Briq.) Moldenke -—- this is “the corrected entry
Lippia nodiflora f. maritima Simpson = Phyla nodiflora (L. )
Greene
Lippia pycnocephala Schlecht. = L. myriocephala var. hypoleia
(Briq.) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Lippia schaueriana Mart. & Schau. = L. schaueriana Mart.
Lippia venezuelensis Moldenke = L. hirsuta L. f.
Lychnidea verbenae tenuifoliae, vulgo Sandia Laguen Feuvill.
Verbena laciniata (L.) "lor
Iycium grandifolium Willd. = Aegiphila ternifolia f. oppositi-
folia Lépez-Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Mailelou Rheede = Vitex altissima L. f. — this is the corrected
entry
Mail-elof Rheede = Vitex altissima L. f. — this is the correc-
ted entry
Mesanthum Metcalfe = Mesanthemum Korn.
Nasmythia septangularis Mart. = Eriocaulon aquaticum (J. Hill)
Druce
Nasmythia seprenears? (With.) Mart. = Eriocaulon aquaticum
(J. Hill) Druce
Negundo prior, sive msi Acostae Breyn. = Vitex negundo L.
Newcastilia Jeffries & -& Ratajezak = Newcastelia F. Muell.
Newcastilia viscida Jeffries & Ratajczak = Newcastelia viscida
E. Pritz.
Ovieda fragrans Hitche. = Clerodendrum philippinum Schau.
Ovieda mitis Burm. f. = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze
Paepalanibus Alv. Silv. = Paepalanthus Mart.
Paepalanibus praedensatus Alv. Silv. = Paepalanthus praedensatus
Alv. Silv.
Paepalanthus exigus (Bong.) Korn. = P. exiguus (Bong. ) Korn.
Paepalanthus maximiliani (Schrad.?) Bong. = P. P. ramosus (Wikstr.)
Kunth
Paepalanthus maximilianii Schrad. = P. ramosus (Wikstr.) Kunth
Paepalanthus polyanthos (Bong.) Knuth = P. polyanthus (Bong.)
Kunth
197k Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 461
Paepalanthus polyanthus Ktz. = P. polyanthus (Bong.) Kunth
Paepalanthus polytrichoides var. ( Korn. = P. polytrichoides
Kunth
Paepalanthus polytrichoides var. { Korn. = P. polytrichoides
Kunth
Paepalanthus ramosus var. + Korn. = us (Wikstr.) Kunth
(Wikstr.) Kunth
Pa
Paepalanthus ramosus ramosus var, ~ Korn. = ae
amosus
Pae epalanthus regalis recurvus Alv. Silv. = P, regalis var. recur~
vus Alv. Silv.
Siifetantinis speciosus var, { Korn. = P. polyanthus var. tomento—
gus Alv. Silv. —— this is the corrected entry
Paepalanthus succisus Korn. = P. succisus Mart. -- this is the
corrected entry a
Paepalanthus umbellatus f, brachyphylla Huber = Syngonanthus um-
bellatus f. brachyphyllus (Huber) Moldenke
Petraea volubilis Schau. = Petrea aspera Turcz.
Phyla i incisa Small = P, nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke
Phyla insisa Small = P. nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke —
this is the corrected entry
Phylla incisa Williams = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small)
Moldenke — this is the corrected entry
Pityrodia barlingii El-Gazzar & Wats. = P. bartlingii (Lehm,.)
Benth,
Pityrodia eriobotrya (F. Muell.) E. Pritz. = Lachnostachys erio-
botrya (F. Muell.) Druce
Pityrodia myricantha F. Muell. = Dicrastylis fulva J. Drumm,
Pityrodia myricantha var, eriantha F, Muell. = Dicrastylis fulva
J. Drum.
Poeppigia Bert. ex Fer. = Rhaphithamnus Miers
Premma mooiensis (Pears.) Pieper = Premna mooiensis (H. H. W.
Pearson) Pieper
Premna cambodjana P, Dop = P, cambodiana Dop
Premna cambodjana var, membranacea P, Dop = P. cambodiana var.
~~ membranacea Dop
Premna c orymbosa (Burm. f.) Roth & Willd. = P, obtusifolia R. Br.
Premna cuneate Kanjilal = P. scandens Roxb,
Premna japonica MIG. = P. microphylla TurczZe
Premna lucida Miq. = P. obtusifolia R. Br.
Premna mollis Bedd. = “Pe villosa C. B. Clarke
Premna mucronata Clarke = P, latifolia var. mucronata (Roxb.) C.
B. Clarke
Premna oblonga Kanjilal = P. scandens Roxb.
Premna s sulphurea Baker = P. 8 sulphurea (J. G. Baker) Giirke
Premna tahitensis (Schau.) Dc. = P. taitensis Schau.
Priva | adherens (Forsk.) Chiov. = P. adhaerens (Forsk.) Chiov.
Priva adherens a forskalii (Vahl) C Chiov. = P. adhaerens (Forsk.)
Chiov.
462 PH YePlOwG01G Ik Vol. 28, no. 5
Priva lappulacea f. lappulacea [Moldenke] = P. lappulacea (L.)
Pers.
Priva lappulaceae (L.) Pers. = P. lappulacea (L.) Pers.
Pygnacopremna Moldenke = Pygmaeopremna Merr.
Pygnacopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke = Pygmaeopremna herbacea
Roxb.
Moldenke
Raphithamnus venustus (Phil.) Skottsb. = Rhaphithamnus venustus
(R. A. Phil.) B. L. Robinson
Rhaphitamnus spinosus (A. Juss.) Moldenke = Rhaphithamnus spino-
sus (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke
Rhaphythamnus Speg. = Rhaphithamnus Miers
Rhaphythamnus cyanocarpus Speg. = Rhaphithamnus spinosus (A. Lis
Juss.) Moldenke
Schuttleworthia tenera Meissn. = Verbena tenera Spreng.
Schuttleworthia tenera Walp. = Verbena tenera Spreng.
Siphonanthus indica Willd. = Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze
Stachytarpha elatior Schrad. = Stachytarpheta angustifolia f.
elatior (Schrad.) Lépez—Palacios -- this is the corrected
entry
Stachytarphaeta cajanensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl = Stachytarpheta
cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl
Stachytarphaeta canescens H.B.K. = Stachytarpheta canescens
H.B.K.
Stachytarphaeta elatior Schrad. = Stachytarpheta angustifolia f.
elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios
Stachytarpheta australis Mild. = 5S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.)
Vahl — this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.)
Vahl
Stachytarpheta australis f. albiflora Moldenke = S. dichotoma f.
albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke
Stachytarpheta australis var. neocaledonica Moldenke = S. dich-
otoma var. neocaledonica (Moldenke) Moldenke
Stachytarpheta azurea Moldenke = S. gesnerioides var. simplex
(Hayek) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta cayennensis Cham. = S. cayennensis (L. C. Rich.)
Vahl
Stachytarpheta diamentinensis Moldenke = S. diamantinensis Mol-
denke
Stachytarpheta dichotoma Vahl = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl
— this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta dichotoma Wahl = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl
— this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta dichotyma MacDaniels = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.)
Vahl -- this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta dicotoma Hastings = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.)
Vahl -- this is the corrected entry
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 463
Stachytarpheta dicotoma Vahl = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl —
this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta elatio Moldenke = S. angustifolia f. elatior
(Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Stac heta elatio var. jennani Moldenka = S. angustifolia Lf.
jenn ani (Moldenke) Moldenke
= elatior Schrad. = S. angustifolia f, elatior
(Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios
Stachytarpheta elatior var. jJenmani Moldenke = S. angustifolia f,
jenmani (Moldenke) genie
Stachytarpheta indica Trimen = S. jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
Stachytarpheta indica indica x Se mutabilis Trimen = xS. trimeni Rech,
re jaimaicensis Vahl = 5 Vahl = S. jamai amaicensis the} ¥ Vahl
ace asi jamaicensis sensu Alston = S. urticaefolia (Salisb.)
Bun ytajtist jamaicensis Vell. = S. cayennensis (L. C. Rich.)
Vahl
Stachytarpheta lacunosa var. angustifolia Moldenke = S. viscidula
var. brevipilosa Moldenke
Stachytarpheta mutabilis x S. jamaicensis Lam & Brink = xS. adul-
terina Urb. & Ekn.
Stachytarpheta nitens Hocking = Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhl.
Stachytarpheta nitens var. viviparus Hocking = Syngonanthus nitens
var. viviparus Mi Moldenke
Stachytarpheta palu palustris Jacq. f. = S. angustifolia f, elatior
(Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios -- this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta palustris Schott = S. angustifolia f. elatior
(Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios — this is the corrected entry
Stachytarpheta roraimensis Moldenke = S. sprucei Moldenke
Stachytarpheta simplex Hayek = S. gesnerioides var. simplex (Hayek)
Moldenke
Stachytarpheta spectabilis Fosberg & Sachet = S. mutabilis (Jacq.)
Vahl
Stachytarpheta villosa villosa Schau, = Ss. schauerii Moldenke
Stachytarpheta zeylanica Hort. = a urticaefolia (Salisb. ) Sins
Stachytarpheta zeylanica x mutabilis Hort. = xS. trimeni Rech.
Stadujtarpheta elatior Schrad. = Stachytarpheta angustifolia f,
elatior (Schrad.) Lépez~Palacios —- this is the corrected
entry
Stilb(in)aceae Erdtman = Stilbaceae Lindl.
eececneee Wangerin = ymphorema R Roxb.
Syngonanthus helminthorrhizus "(Martius) ex Koernicke Ruhland in
Engler" = S, helminthorrhizus (Mart.) Ruhl.
Tachigalea campestris Aubl. = Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke
Tamonea cardenasi (Mold.) Tronc. = Ghinia cardenasi Moldenke
Tamonea cardenasii (Mold.) Tronc. = Ghinia cardenasi Moldenke
464 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
Verbena americana annua, folio ocymi Breyn. = Bouchea prismatica
(L.) Kuntze
minoribus Breyn. = V. hastata L.
Verbena angustifolia glabra Engelm. = V. simplex Lem.
Verbena aubletia drummondii Paxt. = V. canadensis (L.) Britton
Verbena basslerana Hocking = V. hasslerana Briq.
Verbena basslerana var. glandulosa Hocking = V. hasslerana var.
glandulosa Moldenke
Verbena bonariensis { longibracteata Kuntze = V. intermedia Gill.
& Hook.
Verbena cannescens H.B.K. = V. canescens H.B.K.
Verbena chamaedryoides Hort. = V. peruviana (L.) Britton
Verbena ciliate Benth. = V. ciliata Benth.
Verbena dolicothyrsa Sandw. = Junellia dolichothyrsa (Sandw.) Mol-
denke
Verbena filicaudis Sch. = V. filicaulis Schau.
Verbena grandiflora var. Hybr. Hort. = xV. hybrida Voss
Verbena hastata x urticifolia Pepoon = xVe engelmannii Moldenke
Verbena hastata’: floribus violaceis Willd. = V. hastata L.
Verbena hastata ~ floribus rubris Willd. = V. hastata f. rosea
Cheney a
Verbena kufferi Hort. = V. sulphurea D. Don
Verbena maritima Small x V. canadensis (L.) Britton — see re-
verse cross tr
Verbena megapotamica “\ phlogiflora (Cham.) Kuntze = V. phlogi-
flora Cham.
Verbena megapotamica “1 tweediana (Niven) Kuntze = V. phlogi-
flora Cham,
Verbena multiflora gigantea Burpee = xV. hybrida Voss
Verbena o'donelli Mold. = Junellia o'donelli Moldenke
Verbena o'donelli (Mold.) Tronc. = Junellia o'donelli Moldenke
Verbena officinalis L. x V. rigida Spreng. —- see V. officinali-
venosa Paxt,
Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton x V. canadensis (L.) Britton —
see reverse cross
Verbena pimela Rydb. = V. pumila Rydb.
Verbena pulchella Sweet x V. megapotamica Spreng. —- see reverse
cross
xVerbena rhydbergii Fell = xV. rydbergii Moldenke
Verbena rigida Spreng. x V. officinalis L. -- see V. officinali-
venosa Paxt.
Verbena riparia Small & Heller = V. urticifolia L.
Verbena rosulata (Mold.) Tronc. = Junellia rosulata Moldenke
Verbena sessilis ( decurrens Cham. = V. stellarioides Cham.
Verbena sessilis { sessilis Cham. = V. sessilis (Cham.) Kuntze
1974 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 65
Verbena s implex x stricta Ahles = xV. moechina Moldenke
Verbena s simplex Lehm. x hm. x V. urticifolia L. = xV. stuprosa Moldenke
Verbena spegazzinii (Mold. ) Trone. = Junellia s spegazzinii Moldenke
Verbena stereoclada Briq. = V. storeoclada Briq.
xVerbena stiposa Moidenke = xV. stuprosa i stuprosa Moldenke
Verbena straguloides (Mold.) Tronc. = Junellia straguloides Mol-
denke
Verbena sulfuru-lilacina Hort. = V. sulphurea D. Don
Verbena tampensis Nash x V. canadensis (L.) Britton -- see reverse
cross
Verbena terna Spreng. = V. tenera Spreng.
Verbena teucriofdes Hook. = V. platensis Spreng.
Verbena tweediana latifolia Hort. = V. phlogiflora Cham.
Verbena tweediana superba Hort. = V. . phlogiflora Cham.
Verbena urticaefolium Clute = V. urticifolia L.
Verbena urticifolia L. x V. simplex Lehm. = xV. stuprosa Moldenke
Verbena urticifolia var. simplex Farwell -—- to be deleted
Verbena urticifolia;*® floribus albis Willd. = V. urticifolia L.
Verbena urticifolia ‘ floribus rubicundis Willd. = V. urtici-
folia var. incarnata (Raf.) Moldenke ae
Verbena virginica L. = V. urticifolia L.
Verbenae americanae, urticae folio, flore carneo Hort. = V. has-
tata f. rosea Cheney
Vites agnus castus L. = Vitex agnus-castus L.
Vitex altissima var. alata Trimen = V. altissima f. juv. alata
~— (Willd. ) Moidenke
Vitex bogoiensis H. J. Lam = Teijsmanniodendron aherniamum (Merr.)
Bakh.
Vitex carone Bircher = V. agnus-castus L.
Vitex cofassus Reinw. ex Blume = V. cofassus Reinw.
Vitex ean forma glabra crassifolia macrantha Griff. =
V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will.
Vitex i ilensis Runkewitz = V. agnus-castus L.
Vitex lagundi Farnsworth = x7 trifolia L.
Vitex payo Good = V. payos s (Lour. ) Merr.
Vitex phaeotricha Mildbr. ex Pieper = V. phaeotricha Mildbr.
Vitex roxburghiana Kanjilal = V. peduncularis var, roxburghiana
C. B. Clarke
Vitex tridentata Menzies = Viola tridentata Menzies, Violaceae
——s ase: aaiac.: asa Gitte Serene + + Oe
rarioribus Breyn. = V. altissima L. t..
Vitex trifolia minor, aces fen = V. trifolia L.
Volkameria foetida Tda Buch.- = Clerodendrum bung bungei Steud.
Addenda to Part IV:
Additional acronyms employed are Gz = Cairo University, Giza Campus,
Giza, Egypt; Hl = Steven T. Hill Herbarium, New York, N. Y.; Kh=
4.66 P)HwoT.0 T.OsGt A Vol. 28, no. 5
University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Pd = Sri Lanka Bo-
tanic Garden, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Rm = Andrew R. Moldenke
Herbarium, Santa Cruz, California; Ub = Universidade de Bra-
sflia, Brasflia, Brazil; Uc = University of Calicut, Calicut,
Kerala, India; Zu = Botanischer Garten und Institut fir Sys-
tematische Botanik der Universitat, Ztrich, Switzerland.
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LXX
Harold N. Moldenke
ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE var. ELATIUS Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis omnino rubris
usque ad 15 cm. longis et pedunculis usquve ad O cm. longis
recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having ifs Leaves and sheaths entirely bright red both when
fresh and when dried, the leaves to 15 cm. long, and the
flowering peduncles to 0 cm. long.
The type of the variety was collected by Harold Norman Mol-
denke, Alma Lance Moldenke, Don Bhathiya Sumithraarachchi, and
Sheldon Waas (no, 28319), growing abundantly with Xyris Sp. in
a rice paddy field at milepost }/ on the road from Mirigama
to Divulapitiya, Davatagahawatta, Negombo, Colombo District,
Western Province, Sri Lanka, on February Be 197k, and is deposi-
ted in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New jersey . The
plant is reminiscent of E. quinquangulare var. martiamum Wall.
and E. roseum Fyson, but does not have the proliferating
flower-heads nor elongated bractlets.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. ATTENUATUS Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis caulinis usque
ad apicem longiter gradatimque attenuatis saepe plusminus arcu-
atis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of: the species in
having its stem-leaves gradually long-attenuate to the apex and
often more or less arcuate-recurved.
The type of this variety was collected by Howard Samuel Irwin,
Raymond M. Harley, and Gary Lane Smith (no. 32935) in the
cerrado in an area of campo and cerrado on outcrops about 22 kn.
north of Alto do Paraiso, at an altitude of about 1250 m., in the
Chapada dos Veadeiros, on the Planalto do Brasil, Goids, Brazil,
on March 22, 1971, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at
Plainfield, New Jersey. The collectors describe the plant as
having stems to 2 meters tall and white flower-heads.
1974 Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants 467
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS var. BOLIVIANUS Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei bracteis involucrantibus
stramineo-brunneis nec nigris recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its involucral bracts stramineous-brownish rather than
black.
The type of the variety was collected by Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze
at 200 meters altitude near Velasco, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, in July,
1892, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York
Botanical Garden.
PAEPALANTHUS SPECIOSUS f. CALVESCENS Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei solum foliis caulinis glabris
vel glabrescentibus recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species only in
having its stem-leaves completely glabrous or glabrescent at time
of anthesis, but being elongate-ascending as in the typical form.
The type of the form was collected by Hugh Algernon Weddell
(no. 2133) somewhere in Goids, Brazil, in November or December,
184, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York
Botanical Garden.
STACHYTARPHETA ANGUSTIFOLIA f. JENMANI (Moldenke) Moldenke, comb.
& stat. nov.
Stac heta elatior var, jermani Moldenke, Phytologia 1:
472. 190.
STACHYTARPHETA CHAMISSONIS var. ANDERSONII Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit floribus pedicel-
latis, racemis brevioribus, foliis obovato-spathulatis, et pubes-
centibus brevissimis.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
its distinctly pedicellate flowers, often shorter racemes, the
leaves obovate-spatulate in shape, and the very short puberulent
pubescence on the stems and branches.
The type of the variety was collected by William Russell
Anderson (no. 7893) — in whose honor it is named — in open
rocky cerrado traversed by a stream, at about 1000 m. altitude, 4
km. by road east of SHo Jo&%o de Alianca, in the Serra Geral do
Paran&, Goids, Brazil, on March 24, 1973, and is deposited in my
personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jersey. The collector de-
scribes the plant as a shrub, 1--2 m. tall, with red-orange corol-
las.
STACHYTARPHETA CHAMISSONIS var. LONGIPEDICELLATA Moldenke, war.nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei floribus longipedicellatis
valde recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its flowers conspicuously long-pedicellate.
The type of the variety was collected by William R Ander-
son (no, 660) on a rocky hillside in a region of rocky sandstone
4,68 Pi Y PO.UOrG: Tok Vol. 28, no. 5
hilltop cerrado, seeping hillsides, rocky open cerrado in raised
places on hillsides, and open mesophytic woods by a stream, at
an altitude of 1600 m., 20 km. by road north of Alto Parafso, in
the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goids, Brazil, on March 6, 1973, and
is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, "New Jersey.
The collector notes that the plant is a shrub, 2m. tall, with
orange-red flowers.
VITEX ALTISSIMA f. juv. ALATA (Willd.) Moldenke, stat. nov.
Vitex alata Willd., Gesell. Naturforsch. Freund. Berlin Neue
Schr. 4: 203. 1803.
Observation in the field by my wife and myself in Sri Lanka
this past winter indicates that Willdenow's plant seems to be
only the juvenile state of the Sri Lankan glabrous variety of V.
altissima, It has been claimed by Trimen (Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 358.
1895) that this form sometimes matures and produced inflorescences
with the flowers "more laxly arranged", citing a collection by J.
P. Lewis from Mulliativu. He says that "Mr. J. P. Lewis informs
me that it has a different habit of growth to the ordinary tree,
being taller and straighter. He found a few trees only at
Vavaddai and Neduchaddikkulam." He cites V. alata Heyne and V.
appendiculata Roth and adopts V. altissima vi var. alata Trimen as
the name. It seems clear, however, that Willdenow's name has
priority. My good friend, Magdon Jayasuriya, has kindly examined
the Lewis collection in the Peradeniya herbarium and reports that
Trimen's statement "leaves with broadly alate petioles" "is not
quite true; however the petioles are only slightly winged toward
[the] base". This condition is often seen in normal mature
trees and so I think the broadly alate form is only a juvenile
condition. My good friend, Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, has been
growing this species in his Florida nursery and informs me that
seedling trees always exhibit the broadly winged petioles. How-
ever, when his trees reached flowering age this character was
gradually lost. Ina letter to me dated November 18, 1957, he
says “You will note that the flowering branch has lost most of the
winged petiole effect, but this is still retained by the non-
flowering branch next to it."
On the many mature trees which my wife and I examined in Sri
Lanka we did not find any of the broadly alate petioles, although
non-flowering branches usually had the petiole base more conspic-
uously winged.
The broadly alate specimens so often found in herbaria seen,
therefore, to represent a juvenile condition reminiscent of the
juvenile forms of Eucalyptus and the juvenile forms of Chamaecyp-
aris, such as C, obtusa ericoides Boehmer, C. pisifera plumosa
(Carr.) Otto, ee pisifera squarro: squarrosa (Endl. ) Beiss. & Hochst., Ce
pisifera minima 1a Hornibr., etc., as described by Rehder (Man. Cult.
Trees, ed, 2, ie One EgE=6O2 190). Whether the juvenile fom of this
Vitex. will ever be propagated as a horticultural subject remains
for the future to disclose.
A NEW MICRONESIAN TERMINALIA (COMBRETACEAE)
F, R. Fosberg and M. V. C. Falanruw
. During botanical exploration of the northern Marianas in
1972, a most unexpected discovery was a new species of Termi-
nalia from Asuncion Island. It is described here.
TERMINALIA ROSTRATA Fosberg and Falanruw, n. sp.
Arbor partibus juvenalibus ochraceis tomentosis vel
sericeis, foliis obovatis brevipetiolatis spicis elongatis,
fructibus teretibus umbonatis non alatis non compressis.
Tree to 8 m tall, 50 cm diameter of trunk, young growth,
petioles, spikes yellowish tomentose, branchlets with proximal
several cm slender, 5 mm thick, without leaf scars, distal por-
tion with densely crowded large leaf and superposed inflores-
cence scars, about 9-10 mm thick, branching apparently ''termi-
nalioid;'"' leaves broadly obovate-cuneate, to 20 x 12 cm, apex
rounded-subtruncate to very slightly acuminate or retuse, mucro-
nulate, base cuneate, then abruptly contracted to a thick peti-
ole about 5-7 mm long, 5 mm thick, principal veins 8-12 on a
Side, not exactly opposite, lower pairs and uppermost ones weak,
main ones arching upward to near margin, network of several
orders, mostly not prominent, upper surface of blade glabrous
except tomentose basal part of midrib, lower surface sparsely
yellowish pubescent, densely so on midrib, more so toward base;
spike when mature 16 cm long, tapering, portion distal to main
fruit scars slender, yellowish tomentose; flowers about 2-3 mm
long, broadly campanulate, throat 3 mm wide, with recurved ovate
acutish lobes about 1.5 mm long, stipitate base tomentose to
glabrate, throat externally sparsely pilosulose, glabrate,
within densely and stiffly bearded; stamens 10, filaments subu-
late, strongly exserted, glabrous, anthers oval, about 0.5 mm
long; style slightly more exserted than stamens, slightly
curved, then strongly hooked at apex; fruit 37 x 20 mm, very
slightly pedicellate, pedicel and extreme base sericeous, body
subcylindric, scarcely at all compressed, base slightly cordate-
4-lobed, apex forming a somewhat compressed beak about 1 cm long
with 2 slight keels running about 1 cm down fruit from edges of
beak, texture hard, woody, surface smooth, brown when dry, fruit
floats in fresh water.
The leaves resemble those of T. catappa, but with pubes-
cence like that of T. samoensis; the fruit is not like that of
any Pacific species. The plant is unfamiliar to Dr. A. C. Smith
L69
4,70 Pol 01:06 T & Vol. 28, no. 5
who most recently revised some of the Pacific species (Brittonia
23:394-412, 1971) and who kindly examined this specimen.
In Exell's key (Fl. Males I, 4:551-554, 1954) this plant
runs to T. foetidissima Griff. to which it is undoubtedly most
closely related. It differs in its broader, much more shortly
petiolate leaves with more main veins, much more shortly pedun-
culate, longer spikes, strongly hooked style, and differently
shaped, strongly beaked fruit. In Exell's synopsis (op. cit.
p. 550) IT. rostrata would seem to fit in his "Series E" with
T. crassifolia, T. samoensis, and T. insularis, but does not
seem close to any of these species, which have drupaceous
fruits.
A single large tree was found by Marjorie V. C. Falanruw,
on Asuncion Island, in forest on lower slopes. Nothing like it
is known elsewhere in Micronesia.
The name alludes to the strongly beaked fruit.
Marianas Is.: Asuncion Island, about 400 ft. elevation,
July 7, 1972, Falanruw 2290 (US, type).
A NEW VARIETY OF FAGRAEA BERTERIANA (GENTIANACEAE)
by F. R. Fosberg and M.-H. Sachet
Presented below is a brief discussion of the taxonomy of
the Pacific Islands collective species, Fagraea berteriana Gray
ex Benth., and the description of a new variety of this species
from the Marquesas Islands.
Fagraea Thunb., Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 3:132, t.4, 1782.
This genus is usually placed in the Loganiaceae, but is re-
garded by us as closer to the Gentianaceae. A discussion of
this is reserved for a future, more comprehensive paper.
Fagraea berteriana Gray ex Benth., Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
T3965 GUSS6r
This species, first described from Tahiti, has been given
an enormously wide circumscription by Leenhouts (Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 32:419-420, 1962; Fl. Males I, 6:335, 1962), with a
geographical distribution extending from the Marquesas to New
Guinea and Queensland, and north to the Marianas. We agree with
197k Fosberg & Sachet, New variety of Fagraea 471
this broad circumscription except that we do not include the
quite distinct but related Fagraea ksid Gilg and Bened., of
Palau.
However, we cannot agree with Leenhouts that a subdivision
into taxa of lower rank is impossible. We have had the greater
part of such a subdivision in manuscript for quite a few years,
but have not been able to study adequate material of some of the
proposed varieties, so have refrained from publishing this work.
It is necessary to include one of the varieties in a forth-
coming treatment of certain families for the Flora of the Mar-
quesas, so a description of this variety and a discussion of its
relationship to the Tahitian varieties is offered here.
Fagraea berteriana var. marquisensis Fosberg and Sachet,
n. var.
Arbor glabra, foliis obovatis, venis obscuris, lobis
calycis 5-8 mm longis, tubo corollae 4.3-6 cm longo, pistillo
incluso 4 cm longo.
Glabrous tree, leaves obovate, blades up to 20 x 10 cm,
rounded at apex with a slight blunt acumen, base cuneate, tex-
ture coriaceous, venation obscure, veins 10-12 on a side, peti-
ole 1.2-4 cm long, free portion of intrapetiolar stipules 1.5-2
mm long, thick, blunt; inflorescence with up to 15(-16) flowers;
calyx lobes 5, broadly ovate to semicircular, obtuse to subtrun-
cate, 5-8 mm long, margins scarious, corolla tube 4.3-6 cm long,
somewhat dilated above into a slightly broader throat 1.5 cm
long, the 2 cm below this transversally wrinkled within, lobes
(4-)5 about 2 x 1.3 cm, rounded to slightly obovate, spreading
to recurved, waxy, very fragrant, white turning yellowish with
age, stamens inserted at base of throat, filaments 1 cm long,
anthers 1 cm long, broadly linear; pistil included in corolla
tube, ovary cylindric, 1 cm long, style thick-filiform, about
2.5 cm long, stigma 5 mm long, bifid into 2 somewhat spreading
flat obovate lobes, rounded at apex; fruit a glossy orange to
red berry, globose to subglobose or very broadly elliptic, 3.5-
4.5 x 2.5-4.0 cm, not umbonate, not or only slightly beaked,
with many seeds.
The Marquesan vernacular name is ''Pua."
Marquesas Is,: without data. Herbier S.F.I.M. (P).
Nukuhiva I.: Taiohae Valley, 150 m, Adamson and Mumford 597
(NY); Tovii, Hallé 2062 (US). Ua Pou I.: Poumaka, Haka Hetau
Valley, Adamson and Mumford UP-1 (NY,BISH,A). Hiva Oa I.:
Puamau village, Decker 918 (US, type); Atuona, Sachet 1310
472 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
(US,P); Adamson and Mumford 435 (NY); east of airstrip, F.
Hallé 2130 (US).
Herbarium abbreviations are those in Index Herbariorum,
ed. V, Regn. Veg. 31, 1964.
This Marquesan population has heretofore been regarded as
identical with that of Tahiti, and most descriptions of F.
berteriana from eastern Polynesia have been partly based on it.
However, the Tahitian plants, themselves, are by no means uni-
form, and one very distinctive group of these has been segre-
gated as F. longituba Grant (considered a variety of F.
berteriana by us). as
The remaining Tahitian specimens known to Grant were
cited by him as F. berteriana [sensu stricto] and characterized
by a corolla tube 6.5-8 cm long with style 5-6 cm long, obvi-
ously included, thus differing in longer corolla tube and style
from the Marquesan plant described here.
Our notes on Tahitian specimens (which are not now avail-
able to us), with one exception, indicate a different variety,
characterized by a much shorter corolla, 3.5-6.5 cm, with an
exserted style, differing in this latter respect from the Mar-
quesan plant. The exception is one of the two U.S. Expl. Exped.
sheets in NY which has corolla tube 7.7 cm long and style 6.7-
7.5 cm. The calyx lobes of this are unusually short, only 5 mm
long. For the time being we follow Grant in accepting the
Tahitian plant with corolla tube 6.5-8 cm long as var.
berteriana, though this may be hard to establish until we can
examine the material available to Bentham on which this species
was founded. Bentham cited four specimens from the Society
Islands, one from the Marquesas, and one from the Louisiade
Archipelago. Of these Leenhouts (loc. cit.) has indicated that
the Bertero specimen is type. This statement we are accepting
as lectotypification, though this specimen is said by
Guillémin (Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II, 7:248, 1937) to lack flowers.
This fact will make it very difficult to establish which of the
three Tahitian varieties should be called var. berteriana.
This problem we may take up in a later paper after we have
examined the original specimens.
A NEW SLIPFER FLOWEK FROM SOUTHERN PERU
G. Edwin and h, S. Wooden
Roosevelt University, Chicago, Ill. 60605
CALCEOLARTIA FAUCIFOLIA Edwin & Wooden, sp. nov.
herba perennis erecta ad nodosa 20-30 cm alta; caules admodun
non ramosis modice instructus pilis multicellularis et 2-3 jugae
foliorum opposita, folia pro parte maxima radicalia, ovata ad
late lance-ovata, 1.2-7.0 cm longa, U.6-4.0 om lata, apice acuta,
base late obtusa ad subtruncata, margo duplo dentatus interdum
serrulatus inter dentibus magnis, ut supra ut infra plus minusve
instructa puncta elevata opaca brunne nigra et supra pilis sparse
textura dispersa, infra pilis densioribus in venis elevatis
plerumque positus, densissime in marginibus, laminae sessilia
ad brevissime petiolata, plerumque usque ad 1 cm, subinde in
laminis radicalis vix longioris, ad basim anguste alata, folia
suprema amplexicaula; inflorescentia dichasiata ex apicem caules
nascentia rare dichasiate vel uniflora axillaris foliis supremis,
et pedunculi et pedicelli et calycis lobi pilis mixtis multi-
cellularis et glandularis et eglandularis instructus, et
pecunculi et pedicelli ad apicem inflorescentia breviore et
pilia densiore ad apicem pedunculos, pedicellos brevissime et
densissime instructi, calycis lobi plerumque ovata subinde
oblonga ovata 2.0-4.0 mm longa, 2.0-3.0 mm lata, variabile in
flores margine integra vel subince in medio dente singularis
instructi unilateralis; corolla lute virida vel lutea, extus
ut videtur granularia, sub lente (45x) densissime pilis brevis
egleand-vel glandularis intus ut videtur glabra, labium superum
quam calycem lobi longiore, 2.5-6.0 mm longum, labium inferun
5.0-12.0 mm longum, circa 2x quam superum longiore, saccata
medio ad 2/3 suz longitudina, nectarium annulatum bene evolutum,
antherae in graciles filamentes usque ad duplo longitudino
cellularia, celjularia divaricata, subaequelia, fere longiora
quam latiora, jugo ca 2.5 mm longa, ovarium dense glancularos,
stylus gracilis 2.0-3.0 mm longus; fructa ignota.
Erect to nodding perennial herb 20-30 cm tall; stems essen-
tially unbranched with moderate vesture of multicellular hairs
and 2-3 pairs of opposite leaves; leaves mostly radicle, ovate
to broadly lance-ovate, 1.2-7.0 cm long and 0,6-4.0 cm wide,
apex acute, base broadly obtuse to sub-truncate, margin doubly
dentate, sometimes serrulate between larger teeth, both leaf
surfaces more or less densely beset with raised, gleaming,
brownish-black punctations, vesture of multicellular hairs,
473
7h PHY TOL Gi & Vol. 28, no. 5
above scattered sparsely over surface, below more dense, but
located chiefly on elevated veins, most dense on leaf margins;
blades sessile to very short petiolate, usually not exceeding
1 cm, occasionally slightly longer on radicle leaves, narrowly
winged to base, upper leaves amplexicaul; inflorescences
dichasiate, arising from stem apices or (rarely) dichasiate
or singly-flowered from upper leaf axils; peduncles, pedicels,
and both surfaces of calyx lobes with a mixture of multi-
cellular glandular and eglandular hairs, flower stalks becoming
shorter and vesture more dense toward apices of peduncles,
pedicels shortest and most densely clothed; calyx lobes mostly
ovate, occasionally oblong-ovate, 2.0-4.0 mm long, 2.0-3.0 mm
wide, lobes mostly of different sizes on each flower, margins
entire, or occasionally with a single tooth at about the middle
on one side only; corolla yellow-green to yellow, externally
appearing granular, at higher magnification (45x) a very dense
vesture of short hairs, gland-tipped hairs also (variously)
present, internally appearing glabrous, upper lip 2.5-6.0 mm
long, longer than the calyx lobes, lower lip 5.0-12.0 mm long,
ca 2x as long as upper, saccate 1/2 to 2/3 its length, nectary
annulate, well-developed; anthers on slender filaments up™to 2x
as long as anther cells, divaricate, cells slightly subequal,
little longer than wide, both cells ca 2.5 mm long; ovary densely
glandular, style slender, 2-3 mm long; capsule not seen.
Type: PERU: Arequipa: Arequipa-Puno Koad above Chiguata, alt.
4050 m, Oct. 23, 1963, Straw 2313 (Holotype F!). Paratype PERU:
Arequipa: Pichu Pichu Xange, alt. 4050 m, Jan. 5, 1937;
Stafford 670, (MO).
Can be confused with caulescent forms of C. corymbosa Kk & P,
but is easily separable by upper lip to lower (lower lip not
4-5x as long as upper) and upper lip to calyx (upper lip not
shorter than calyx lobes) relationships.
A RSSUME OF THE GENUS TIPUANA (LEGUMINOSAE)
Velva E. Rudd
California State University, Northridge and Smithsonian Institution
In the course of tabulating the numerous species originally assign-
ed to Machaerium, but now excluded from that genus, a number of sec-
ondary problems have come to my attention. One such involves the now
monotypic genus Tipuana (Bentham) Bentham,
Tipuana was first published as a section of Machaerium (Bentham,
in Jour. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 267. 1853) and it included M. heteropterum
Freire Allem#io, "M. grandiflorum (Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vol. ii.
p. 67), and M. TipuXa hitherto undescribed species found by Tweedie
in the Parana." The asterisk refers to a Latin description of "Mach-
aerium (Tipuana) Tipu" and a paragraph in English, "A large free-
flowering handsome tree, known in the Parana by the name of Tipi of
Peru, and giving its name to the valley of Tipuana, where the best
gold in the Parana is found. Tweedie." The appropriate lectotype of
Machaerium section Tipuana would seem to be M. tipu.
In the Latin description of M. tipu the inflorescence and the ven-
ation of the legumes are compared to those of "M. grandiflori” and
the "Corollae majores, fere Platypodii, flavi." The reference to M.
grandiflorum possibly was a lapsus calami, or mentis, with Platy-
podium grandiflorum Bentham in mind, On the page cited by Bentham,
in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2: 67. 1840, there is the original description
of Machaerium macrocarpum Bentham, later transferred to Tipuana (Jour.
Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.: 72. 1860), and erroneously cited as "Machaerium
mucronatum" in Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 259. 1862.
Bentham raised Tipuana to generic status in 1860 with the three
species, T. macrocarpa, T. heteroptera, and T. speciosa, the latter
an illegitimate name based on Machaerium tipu. In 1898 Otto Kuntze
made the correct combination, Tipuana tipu (Bentham) 0. Kuntze, and
that species, I believe, automatically became the lectotype of the
genus Tipuana, rather than T. speciosa Bentham (Ducke, in Arch. Jard.
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 137. 1930) or T. macrocarpum (Bentham) Benth-
am as cited by Burkart (Las Leguminosas Argentinas, ed. 1. 544. 1943)
and followed by the Index Nomina Genericorum. More recently, Burkart
correctly cited T. tipu as the sole species of Tipuana and, indirect-
ly, T. macrocarpa as Vatairea macrocarpa.
475
476 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 28, no. 5
A few additional species were assigned to Tipuana before split-
ting of the genus was begun; Vatairea was resurrected; Luetzelburg-
ia was described as new; other leguminous genera with superficially
similar, terminally winged, samaroid fruit, such as Ferreirea, Mach-
aerium, Nissolia, Paramachaerium, and Vataireopsis, have added to
confusion in identification, a fact that is reflected in the synon-
ymy of the taxa and the physical location of pertinent specimens in
most herbaria. Tipuana finally stands as a monotypic genus, as indi-
cated by Ducke in 1930(Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 135).
Having had to unravel this tangled nomenclature, it may be useful
to present a list of the species published under Tipuana and to in-
dicate their disposition. The species are given in alphabetical or-
der, the synonymy chronological, and, what I currently believe to be
the correct name is emphasized with capital letters.
TIPUANA (Bentham) Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.: 27. 1860; in
Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 259. 1862; in Bentham & Hooker, Gen.
Pl. 1: 546. 1865. Lectotype: Tipuana tipu (Bentham) 0. Kuntze
(Machaerium tipu Bentham).
Machaerium section Tipuana Bentham, Jour. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 267.
1853. Lectotype: Machaerium tipu Bentham.
Trees; bark gray to brown, with irregular, flat-topped ridges;
young stems sericeous, glabrescent; unarmed; leaves alternate to
sub-opposite, pinnately compound, about 11-31-foliolate; leaflets
alternate to sub-opposite, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, about 2-5 cm.
long, 1-2 cm. wide, slightly emarginate, rounded at the base, glab-
rous above, moderately pubescent below, glabrescent; stipules small,
linear, caducous; stipels lacking; inflorescences terminal or axil-
lary, paniculate; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous; flowers
papilionoid, about 2 cm. long; calyx 5-8 mm. long, moderately pub-—
escent to subglabrous, campanulate with 5 subequal lobes; petals
yellow to light-orange; stamens 10, diadelphous 9:1, the anthers
uniform, dorsifixed; ovary brevi-stipitate, 1-4-ovulate; style glab-—
rous; stigma small, truncate; fruit samaroid, about 6-8 cm. long in-
cluding stipe 1 cm. long, the basal, fertile body 1.5-2 cm. long,
1-1.5 cm. wide, the terminal wing striate, 3.5-5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm.
wide; n = 10.
Distribution: Native to subtropical forests of Bolivia and north-
western Argentina; introduced as an ornamental in warm temperate and
subtropical areas of Brazil, Uruguay, Europe, and the United States.
1974 Rudd, Resumé of Tipuana 477
1. T. amazonica Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Kio de Janeiro 1: 35. 1915
= VATAIREA MACROCARPA (Bentham) Ducke, fide Ducke, Arch. Jard.
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 192, 197. 1930.
2. T. auriculata Freire Allem&io, Trab. Comm. Sc. Expl. Bot. Kio de
Janeiro 21. 1862-66.
Luetzelbur pterocarpoides Harms, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.
40: 178. 1922.
Bowdichia (?) freirei Ducke, Arch. Bot. Kio de Janeiro 3: 13%.
1922.
LUETZELBURGIA AURICULATA (Freire Allem&io) Ducke, Notizbl. 11. 584.
1932.
3. T. cinerascens (Bentham) Malme, Arkiv. Bot. 18, no. 17: 14. 1924.
Andira cinerascens Martius ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.:
72. 1860, nomen.in synon.
T. macrocarpa var. cinerascens Bentham, in Martius, Fl. Bras.
15 (1): 260. 1862.
VATAIREA MACROCARPA var. CINERASCENS (Bentham) Ducke, Arch. Jard.
Bot. Kio de Janeiro 5: 139. 1930.
4. T. erythrocarpa Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 152,
pl. lla. 1922.
VATAIREA ERYTHROCARPA (Ducke) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan-
eiroea. 1597, 192, pl.. 125. figs25.02950-
5. T. fusca Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 78. 1925.
VATAIREA FUSCA (Ducke) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5:
139, 192. 1930.
6. T. heteroptera (Freire Allem&o) Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4,
suppl.: 72. 1860.
Machaerium heteropterum Freire Allemfio, Trab. Soc. Vell. 4. 1852.
VATAIREA HETEROPTERA (Freire Allemfio) Ducke ex de Assis Iglesias,
Album Floristico, Minist. Agric. Serv. Flor. Brasi. 51. 1940.
7. T. lundellii Standley, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 65. 1935.
VATAIREA LUNDELLII (Standley) Killip ex kecord, Trop. Woods no. 63.
5. 1940.
8. T. macrocarpa (Bentham) Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.: 72.
1860.
Machaerium macrocarpum Bentham, Hook. Jour. Bot. 2: 67. 1840.
VATAIREA MACROCARPA (Bentham) Ducke var. MACROCARPA, Arch. Jard.
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 141. 1930.
478 PHY? Os O-GhiA Vol. 28, no, 5
9. T. macroc var. cinerascens Bentham, in Martius, Fl. Bras.
15(1): 260. 1862.
Andira cinerascens Martius ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.:
72. 1860, nomen in synon.
Tipuana cinerascens (Bentham) Malme, Arkiv. Bot. 18, no. 17: 14.
1924.
VATAIREA MACROCARPA var. CINERASCENS (Bentham) Ducke, Arch. Jard.
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 139. 1930.
10. T. mucronata (Bentham) Macbride, Candollea 6: 10. 1934.
Machaerium mucronatum Bentham, in Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1): 259.
1862, nomen in synon., a typographical error for M. macrocarpum
Bentham, non M. mucronatum Vogel, 1837.
= VATAIREA MACROCARPA (Bentham) Ducke.
11. T. (?) praecox Harms, in 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3(2): 72. 1898.
Machaerium praecox (Harms) K. Schumann, Just. Bot. Jahresb. 26:
354. 1900.
Ferreirea praecox (Harms) Malme, Arkiv. Bot. Stockh. 18, no. 17,
18. 1924.
LUETZELBURGIA PRAKCOX (Harms) Harms, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 40:
LTT 19223" 43528595. 1926.
12. T. sericea Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 79. 1928.
VATAIREA SERICEA (Ducke) Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5:
159 MIO2Qs ple 12, fig. 21. 1950.
13. T. speciosa Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl.: 72. 1860. Based
on Machserium tipu Bentham = TIPUANA TIPU (Bentham) 0. Kuntze.
14. T. TIPU (Bentham) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3(2): 72. 1898.
Machaerium tipu Bentham, Jour. Bot. Kew Misc. 5: 267. 1853.
Tipuana speciosa Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 4, suppl. 72. 1860.
Machaerium fertile Grisebach, Goett. Abh. 19: 127. 1874.
Tipuana tipa Lillo, Contrib. Gonoc. Arb. Argent. 58. 1910.
BULBOTHRIX, PARMELINA, RELICINA, AND XANTHOPARMELIA,
FOUR NEW GENERA IN THE PARMELIACEAE (LICHENES)*
Mason E. Hale, Jr.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
BULBOTHRIX Hale, gen. nov.
Syn.: Parmelta subgenus Parmelia section Imbricaria sub-
section Bicornutae (Lynge) Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
36 135. 1964.
Thallus adnatus, orbicularis, cinereo-albidus, lobis sub-
linearibus vel raro subirregularibus, saepe angustis, margine
bulbato-ciliatis; subtus niger vel brunneus, rhizinosus, rhizinis
simplicibus vel ramosis. Apothecia adnata, disco imperforato,
sporis octonis, raro bicornutis, simplicibus.
Type species: Bulbothrix semilunata (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelia semilunata Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):23. 1914.
Bulbothrix is easily recognized by the black marginal bulbate
cilia. Some of the South American species, as B. sehiffneri and
B. semtlunata, are extremely small with lobes no more than 0.5 mm
wide. A few Asian species, on the other hand, as B. metzospora
and B. setschwanensis, have rather broad (to 5 mm wide), almost
subirregular lobes. The upper cortex is typically composed of
Palisade plectenchyma with a pored epicortex (Hale, 1973). All
species contain only atranorin in the cortex and are whitish to
brownish mineral gray. The species are about equally divided
between the Old World and the New World, occurring predominantly
on trees in lowland rain forest and in scrub or secondary forests
at lower elevations in subtropical to temperate regions.
*This work was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian
Research Foundation.
479
480 Plt ) Oeogel w Vol. 28, no. 5
Bulbothrix is obviously related to the genus Relicina, which
has similar bulbate cilia. The two genera, however, have quite
different chemical profiles and phytogeographic affinities. The
33 known species (including the type of the genus) include the
following:
Bulbothrix affixa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia affixa Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:137.
1964.
Bulbothrix apophysata (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta apophysata Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
138. whOGd
Bulbothrix atrichella (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
atrichella Nyl. Flora 68:614. 1885.
Bulbothrix bicornuta (Miill. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia bicornuta Mull. Arg. Flora 74:377. 1891.
Bulbothrix bulbochaeta (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
bulbochaeta Hale in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
138. 1964.
Bulbothrix chowoensis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
chowoensts Hale, Phytol. 23:343. 1972.
Bulbothrix confoederata (Culb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta confoederata Culb. Amer. Journ. Bot. 48:169. 1961.
Bulbothrix continua (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
continua Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):109. 1914.
Bulbothrix coronata (Fée) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
coronata Fée, Essai Crypt. 123. 182).
Bulbothrix decurtata (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
decurtata Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
139. 1964.
Bulbothrix fungicola (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
fungteola Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):129. 191.
Bulbothrix hypocraea (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
hypocraea Vainio, Cat. Welw. Pl. 2(2):400. 1901.
Bulbothrix imshaugii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
imshaugti Hale, Phytol. 22:31. 1971.
Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
tstdtza Nyl. Buld. Soc. Broter. 3:130. 188).
Bulbothrix laevigatula (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
laevigatula Nyl. Flora 68:614. 1885.
Bulbothrix meizospora (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
tiliacea var. meizospora Nyl. Syn. Lich. 383. 1860.
Bulbothrix papyrina (Fée) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
papyrina Fée, Essai Crypt. Suppl. 121. 1837.
Bulbothrix pigmentacea (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
ptgmentacea Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 43:325. 1968.
Bulbothrix pustulata (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
pustulata Hale in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
140. 1964
197 Hale, New genera in the Parmeliaceae 481
Bulbothrix schiffneri (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita schiffneri Zahlbr. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 83:167.
1909.
Bulbothrix scortella (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
scortella Nyl. Flora 68:615. 1885.
Bulbothrix sensibilis (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelia sensibilities Stein. & Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb. 60:
522. 1926.
Bulbothrix setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
. Parmelia setschwanensis Zahlbr. Symb. Sin. 3:184. 1930.
Bulbothrix subcoronata (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subcoronata Mill. Arg. Rev. Mycol. 9:135. 1887.
Bulbothrix subdissecta (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita subdissecta Nyl. in Nyl. & Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc.
London 20:51. 1883.
Bulbothrix subglandulifera (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta subglandulifera Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 4,
1:144. 1899.
Bulbothrix subinflata (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subinflata Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:201. 1965.
Bulbothrix suffixa (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
suffixa Stirt. Scot. Nat. 4:299. 1877-78.
Bulbothrix tabacina (Mont. & v.d. Bosch) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia tabacina Mont. & v.d. Bosch, in Mont. Sylloge Gen.
Spec. Crypt. 327. 1856.
Bulbothrix ventricosa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelta ventrtcosa Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 36:140. 1964.
Bulbothrix viridescens (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta viridescens Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):117. 1914.
PARMELINA Hale, gen. nov.
Thallus adnatus, orbicularis, cinereo-albidus vel raro viridi-
flavicans, lobis sublinearibus vel subirregularibus, margine cilia-
tis, ciliis simplicibus; subtus niger vel raro brunneus, modice
rhizinosus usque ad marginem, rhizinis simplicibus vel raro
squarrose ramosis. Apothecia adnata, disco imperforato, sporis
octonis, simplicibus.
Type species: Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Lichen tiliaceus Hoffm. Enum. Lich. 96. 1784.
This generic segregate of Parmelta is characterized by mar-
ginal cilia, usually well developed but sometimes confined mostly
to the sinuses of lobes. Only two species, P. enormis and P.
expallida, have a uniformly pale brown rather than black lower
surface. The upper cortex has palisade plectenchyma and a pored
epicortex (Hale, 1973). Only one species produces the cortical
pigment usnic acid (P. nylandert).
482 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
The 41 species recognized in Parmelina were formerly classi-
fied in Parmelia subgenus Parmelia section Imbrtcaria (Schreb.)
Fr. (Hale & Kurokawa, 1964). The generic name Imbricaria, which
was used by a number of lichenologists in the 19th century, is
a later homonym of Imbritcarta Jussieu (phanerogams).
In addition to the type, the following 40 species are recog-
nized in the genus.
Parmelina antillensis (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
antillensis Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. ser. 2, 3:26}.
1868.
Parmelina aurulenta (Tuck.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
aurulenta Tuck. Journ. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. ser. 2, 25:h2h.
1858.
Parmelina baguioensis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
bagutoensts Hale, Bryol. 75:97. 1972.
Parmelina carporhizans (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita carporhtzans Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:163. 1847.
Parmelina consors (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
consors Nyl. Flora 68:613. 1885.
Parmelina cryptochlora (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta eryptochlora Vainio, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34:3h.
1896.
Parmelina crystallorum (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta erystallorwn Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):128. 1914.
Parmelina denegans (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
denegans Nyl. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 26(10):6. 1900.
Parmelina dissecta (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
dissecta Nyl. Flora 65:451. 1882.
Parmelina enormis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
enormts Hale, Phytol. 23:34. 1972.
Parmelina entotheiochroa (Hue) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta entothetochroa Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. h,
1:161. 1899.
Parmelina expallida (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
expalltda Kurok. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 11:191. 1968.
Parmelina galbina (Ach.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
galbina Ach. Syn. Lich. 195. 1814.
Parmelina hayachinensis (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta hayachtnensis Kurok. Journ. Jap. Bot. 43:350. 1968.
Parmelina heteroloba (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta heteroloba Zahlbr. Denkschr. Wiss. Akad. Wien 83:17].
1909.
Parmelina homogenes (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
homogenes Nyl. Flora 68:607. 1885.
Parmelina horrescens (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
horrescens Tayl. Fl. Hibern. 144. 1836.
Parmelina immiscens (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
immiscens Nyl. Flora 68:606. 1885.
Parmelina leucotyliza (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
leucotylitza Nyl. Lich. Japon. 27. 1890.
197 Hale, New genera in the Parmeliaceae 483
Parmelina lindmanii (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
Lindmanii Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):74. 1914.
Parmelina melanochaeta (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
meltaimelanochaeta Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Cont. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 36:133. 1964.
Parmelina metarevoluta (Asah.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta metarevoluta Asah. Journ. Jap. Bot. 35:97. 1960.
Parmelina muelleri (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
muellert Vainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7(7):49. 1890.
Parmelina nylanderi (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
nylanderi Lynge, Ark. Bot. 13(13):82. 1914.
Parmelina obsessa (Ach.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
obsessa Ach. Syn. Lich. 195. 1814.
Parmelina perisidians (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
perisidians Nyl. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 26(10):6. 1900.
Parmelina phlyctina (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
phlyctina Hale, Bryol. 62:129. 1959.
Parmelina pilosa (Stizb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
pilosa Stizb. Ber. St. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1888-89:165. 1890.
Parmelina pruinata (Mill. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melia pruinata Mill. Arg. Flora 66:46. 1883.
Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Lichen
quereinus Willd. Fl. Berol. Prod. 353. 1787.
Parmelina simplicior (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
simpltctor Hale, Bryol. 75:99. 1972.
Parmelina spathulata (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
spathulata Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
133. 1964.
Parmelina spumosa (Asah.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
spwmosa Asah. Journ. Jap. Bot. 26:259. 1951.
Parmelina subaurulenta (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subaurulenta Nyl. Flora 68:606. 1885.
Parmelina subfatiscens (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita subfatiscens Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 36:134. 1964.
Parmelina swinscowii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
swinscowit Hale, Phytol. 27:4. 1973.
Parmelina usambarensis (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelta usambarensts Stein. & Zahlbr. Bot. Jahrb.
60:524. 1925.
Parmelina versiformis (Kremph.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita verstformis Kremph. Flora 61:464. 1878.
Parmelina wallichiana (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta wallichiana Tayl. London Journ. Bot. 6:176. 1847.
Parmelina xantholepis (Mont. & v.d. Bosch) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelia xantholepts Mont. & v.d. Bosch. Pl. Jungh.
H26. 1655.
8h PoH-Y TlOrL OG £& Vol. 28, no. 5
RELICINA (Hale & Kurok.) Hale, comb. et stat. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Parmelta section Bieornutae
series Reltcinae Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:135. 1964.
Type species: Reltetna ewnorpha (Hepp) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta ewmorpha Hepp in Zollinger, Pl. Jungh. 9. 1854.
(The designated type of series Relicinae is Parmelta relicina Fr.,
which would be invalid in the genus Reltcitna as a tautonym.)
The characteristic features of this generic segregate of Par-
melta are the marginal bulbate cilia and presence of usnic acid in
the cortex. All species have rather small, adnate to closely ad-
nate thalli and are predominantly corticolous in the lowland to
mid elevation tropical rain forest, particularly in Southeast Asia.
The upper cortex has palisade plectenchyma and a pored epicortex
(Hale, 1973). The apothecia are adnate, small, and frequently
coronate with small black bulbils. The lower surface may be black
or pale brown and the rhizines simple to densely branched. There
are 22 species, including the type, presently recognized in the
genus, as follows:
Relicina abstrusa (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
abstrusa Vainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7(7):64. 1890.
Relicina acrobotrys (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelita
aerobotrys Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
36:142. 1964.
Relicina circumnodata (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
etreumnodata Nyl. in Nyl. & Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. London
20:51. 1883.
Relicina connivens (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
connitvens Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
142. 1964.
Relicina decaryana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
decaryana Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 36:153. 1934.
Relicina echinocarpa (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
echinocarpa Kurok. Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:265. 1965.
Relicina eximbricata (Gyel. ) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia samoensis var. eximbricata Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:288.
1938.
Relicina fluorescens (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
fluorescens Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:202. 1965.
Relicina limbata (Laurer) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
Limbata Laurer, Linnaea 2:39. 1827.
Relicina luteoviridis (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta Lluteovirtdis Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat.
Herb. 36:144. 1964.
Relicina malesiana (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
malestana Hale, Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:203. 1965.
Relicina planiuscula (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
planiuseula Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
36:144. 196).
197k Hale, New genera in the Parmeliaceae 485
Relicina ramosissima (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
ramosissima Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
36:145. 1964.
Relicina relicinella (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
relicinella Nyl. Flora 68:615. 1885.
Relicina relicinula (Mill. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita reltcinula Mill. Arg. Flora 65:317. 1882.
Relicina samoensis (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
samoensts Zahlbr. Denkschr. Kais. Wiss. Akad. Wien 81:272.
1908.
Relicina schizospatha (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
schtzospatha Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
36:146. 1964.
Relicina subabstrusa (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subabstrusa Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:288. 1931.
Relicina sublanea (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
sublanea Kurok. in Hale & Kurok. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:
146. 1964.
Relicina sublimbata (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
sublimbata Nyl. Flora 68:615. 1885.
Relicina subturgida (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
subturgtda Kurok. Journ. Jap. Bot. 40:268. 1965.
Relicina sydneyensis (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
sydneyensts Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:292. 1938.
XANTHOPARMELIA (Vainio) Hale, stat. & comb. nov.
Basionym: Farmelia section Xanthoparmelta Vainio, Acta Soc.
Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7(7):60. 1890.
Type species: Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale, comb.
nov. Basionym: Lichen conspersus Ach. Prod. Lich. Suec. 118. 1798.
Xanthoparmelia was first proposed by Vainio as a section
under Parmelta to accomodate all narrow-lobed yellow species. We
know now that the yellow or yellow-green color is caused by the
cortical pigment usnic acid, but by using this criterion alone
Vainio included several diverse elements, not only typical saxi-
colous species with simple rhizines, such as X. conspersa, but
also Parmelia flavida and P. velloztae both of which have dichot-
omously branched rhizines, and P. abstrusa (=Relicina abstrusa
(Vainio) Hale), which has bulbate cilia. Recent workers have put
more reliance on cilia and rhizine characters (cf. Hale & Kurokawa,
1964), including in Xanthoparmelia only those saxicolous species
with simple rhizines, no cilia, and usnic acid in the cortex.
The upper cortex has palisade plectenchyma and a pored epicortex
(Hale, 1973). This combination of characters seems to me to form
a reasonable basis for segregating Xanthoparmelia from the col-
lective genus Parmeltia.
The following list contains the 93 species (in addition to
the type) presently classified in Parmelia subgenus Xanthoparmelia.
1486 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
Xanthoparmelia adhaerens (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta adhaerens Nyl. in Cromb. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 14:19.
1876.
Xanthoparmelia almbornii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta almbornit Hale, Bot. Not. 124:345. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia amphixantha (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta amphixantha Mill. Arg. Flora 71:139. 1888.
Xanthoparmelia amphixanthoides (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta amphtxanthotdes Stein. & Zahlbr. Engl.
Bot. Jeahrp. 60:505. 1926:
Xanthoparmelia arseneana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita arseneana Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:269. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia atroventralis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta atroventralts Hale, Bot. Not. 124:346. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia australiensis (Cromb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta australtensts Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. London 17:
SO55 Iso.
Xanthoparmelia austroafricana (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta austroafricana Stirt. Trans. Glasgow Soc. Field
ReneS HSAs Ase
Xanthoparmelia benyovyszkyana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia benyovysakyana Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 36:153.
1934.
Xanthoparmelia brunnthaleri (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta brunnthaleri Stein. & Zahlbr. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 60:505. 1926.
Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Borrera camtschadalts Ach. Syn. Lich. 223. 1814.
Xanthoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Liehen
ecentrifugus L. Sp. Pl. 1142. 1753.
Xanthoparmelia chalybeizans (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta chalybetzans Stein. & Zahlbr. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 60:509. 1926.
Xanthoparmelia cheelii (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta cheeltt Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:271. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia chlorea (Stizb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta chlorea Stizb. Ber. St. Gall. Naturw. Gesell. 1888-89:
Sian OOO
Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa (Tuck.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta chlorochroa Tuck. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci. 4:383.
1860.
Xanthoparmelia colorata (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
colorata Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:272. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia concolor (Spreng.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta concolor Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4(2):328. 1827.
Xanthoparmelia congensis (Stein.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta econgensts Stein. Jahresber. Schles. Gesell. Vaterl.
Kultur 1888:140. 1888.
Xanthoparmelia conspersula (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta conspersula Nyl. in Crombie, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For.
14:19. 1876.
Xanthoparmelia constrictans (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
197 Hale, New genera in the Parmeliaceae L87
Parmelia constrictans Nyl. in Crombie, Journ. Bot. Brit. &
For. 14:19. 1876.
Xanthoparmelia convoluta (Kremph.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia convoluta Kremph. Verhl. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien 30:
Bare L06L.
Xanthoparmelia cordilleriana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia cordilleriana Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:276. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subconspersa var. cumberlandia Gyel. Fedde Repert.
Sp. Nov. 36:164. 1934.
Xanthoparmelia diadeta (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia
dtadeta Hale, Bot. Not. 124:346. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia dichotoma (Mill. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia dichotoma Mill. Arg. Flora 69:257. 1886.
Xanthoparmelia dichromatica (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
‘Parmelta dichromatica Hale, Bot. Not. 124:348. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia dierythra (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta dierythra Hale, Bryol. 67:470. 1964.
Xanthoparmelia dissensa (Nash) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita dissensa Nash, Bryol. 76:214. 1973.
Xanthoparmelia distincta (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta distincta Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 4, 15:374.
1861.
Xanthoparmelia domokosii (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta domokosit Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:277. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia encrustans (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita enerustans Hale, Bot. Not. 124:348. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia endomiltoides (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia endomiltoides Nyl. in Crombie, Journ. Linn. Soc.
London 15:168. 1876.
Xanthoparmelia eradicata (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta constrictans var. eradicata Nyl. in Crombie, Journ.
Bot. Brit. & For. 14:19. 1876.
Xanthoparmelia filarszkyana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia filarszkyana Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:278. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia flavobrunnea (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelia flavobrumnea Mall. Arg. Flora 74:379. 1891.
Xanthoparmelia furcata (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia furcata Mill. Arg. Flora 69:256. 1886.
Xanthoparmelia gerlachei (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia gerlachei Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 6:137. 1929.
Xanthoparmelia heterodoxa (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia heterodora Hale, Bot. Not. 124:349. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia hypoclystoides (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelia conspersa var. hypoclystoides Mull. Arg.
Flora 66:48. 1883.
Xanthoparmelia hypoleia (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melia hypoleia Nyl. Syn. Lich. 393. 1860.
Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita hypomelaena Hale, Bryol. 70:416. 1967.
Xanthoparmelia hypoprotocetrarica (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta hypoprotocetrarica Kurok. in Kurokawa &
Elix, Journ. Jap. Bot. 46:113. 1971.
488 PHY? 0) T,0.G, tk Vol. 28, no. 5
Xanthoparmelia hypopsila (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia hypopstla Mull. Arg. Flora 70:317. 1887.
Xanthoparmelia hyporhytida (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia hyporhytida Hale, Bot. Not. 124:349. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia incurva (Pers.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Ltehen
tneurvus Pers. Usteri Ann. Bot. 7:24. 179).
Xanthoparmelia ionnis-simae (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta tonnts-simae Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:283.
1931.
Xanthoparmelia joranadia (Nash) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita joranadta Nash, Bryol. 77:72. 1973.
Xanthoparmelia kurokawae (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita kurokawae Hale, Bryol. 70:418. 1967.
Xanthoparmelia lecanorica (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta lecanortca Hale, Bot. Not. 12:351. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia lineola (Berry) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita lineola Berry, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28:77. 1941.
Xanthoparmelia metamorphosa (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta metamorphosa Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:284. 1938.
Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita mextcana Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:281. 1931.
Xanthoparmelia microspora (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta mtecrospora Mill. Arg. Rev. Mycol. 1:170. 1879.
Xanthoparmelia molliuscula (Ach. ) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia molltuseula Ach. Lich. Univ. 492. 1810.
Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (Schaer.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta mougeotit Schaer. Enum. 46. 1850.
Xanthoparmelia neocongensis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta neocongensts Hale, Bot. Not. 124:351. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia notata (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta notata Kurok. in Kurokawa & Elix, Journ. Jap. Bot.
h6:104. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia novomexicana (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Remalee novomexteana Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 36:161
1934.
Xanthoparmelia papillosa (Lynge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta paptllosa Lynge ex Gyelnik, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar.
29:43. 1935.
Xanthoparmelia piedmontensis (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia ptedmontensis Hale, Bryol. 67:468. 1964.
Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta pltttit Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:287. 1931.
Xanthoparmelia protomatrae (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta protomatrae Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:155.
1931.
Xanthoparmelia psoromifera (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta psoromtfera Kurok. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 10:
374. 1967.
Xanthoparmelia quintaria (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita quintarta Hale, Bot. Not. 124:353. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia scabrosa (Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta scabrosa Tayl. London Journ. Bot. 6:162. 1847.
197k Hale, New genera in the Parmeliaceae 489
Xanthoparmelia schenckiana (Mill. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta schenektana Mull. Arg. Flora 71:529. 1888.
Xanthoparmelia separata (Th. Fr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita separata Th. Fr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:353. 1880.
Xanthoparmelia standaertii (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melta standaertii Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 36:164. 1934.
Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga (Oxn.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subcentrifuga Oxn. Journ. Bot. Acad. Sci. RSS
Ukraine, I(3-4):39. 1940.
Xanthoparmelia subconspersa (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subconspersa Nyl. Flora 52:293. 1869.
Xanthoparmelia subdecipiens (Vainio) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta subdecipiens Vainio in Lynge, Rev. Bryol. Lich.
10:89. 1937.
Xanthoparmelia subdistorta (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
eee subdistorta Kurok. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 32:212.
1969.
Xanthoparmelia subdomokosii (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta subdomokosti Hale, Bot. Not. 124:353. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia suberadicata (des Abb.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia suberadicata des Abb. Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar,
ser. B, 10:89. 1961.
Xanthoparmelia subflabellata (Stein.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subflabellata Stein. Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2,
7:639. 1907.
Xanthoparmelia subfuscescens (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subfuscescens Nyl. Flora 68:613. 1885.
Xanthoparmelia subnuda (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita subnuda Kurok. in Kurokawa & Elix, Journ. Jap. Bot.
46:114. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia subramigera (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia subramigera Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 29:281.
1931.
Xanthoparmelia substrigosa (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melia substrigosa Hale in Weber, Lich. Exes. 338. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia synestia (Stirt.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melia synestia Stirt. Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. 5:214. 1877.
Xanthoparmelia tananavirensis (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
AS ai tananavirensis Gyel. Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 36:165.
1934.
Xanthoparmelia taractica (Kremph.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta taractica Kremph. Flora 61:439. 1878.
Xanthoparmelia tasmanica (Hook. & Tayl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basio-
nym: Parmelta tasmanica Hook. & Tayl. London Journ. Bot.
3:644. 1844.
Xanthoparmelia thamnoides (Kurok.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia thamoides Kurok. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 32:213.
1969.
Xanthoparmelia tinctina (Mah. & Gill.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta tinetina Mah. & Gill. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72:
860. 1925.
490 Pony TO le Gre Vol. 28, no. 5
Xanthoparmelia ulcerosa (Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Par-
melita ulcerosa Zahlbr. Ann. Mycol. 29:84. 1931.
Xanthoparmelia vagans (Nyl.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Endocar-
pon vagans Nyl. Exp. Syn. Pyrenocarp. 13. 1858.
Xanthoparmelia versicolor (Mull. Arg.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia versicolor Mill. Arg. Flora 64:506. 1881.
Xanthoparmelia weberi (Hale) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmeltia
webert Hale, Phytol. 22:29. 1971.
Xanthoparmelia wildeae (Dodge) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta
wildeae Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 46:66. 1959.
Xanthoparmelia worcesteri (Stein. & Zahlbr.) Hale, comb. nov.
Basionym: Parmelta woreestert Stein & Zahlbr. Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. 60:511. 1926.
Xanthoparmelia wyomingica (Gyel.) Hale, comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelia digitulata var. wyomingica Gyel. Ann. Mycol. 36:
PTT. 1938.
Literature Cited
Hale, M. E. 1973. Fine structure of the cortex in the lichen family
Parmeliaceae viewed with the scanning-electron microscope.
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 10:1-92.
Hale, M.E. and S. Kurokawa. 1964. Studies on Parmelia subgenus
Parmelia. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 36:121-191.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXVI.
A NEW SPECIES OF AGERATUM,
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
The preparation of a floristic treatment of the
Eupatorieae of Panama has resulted in recognition of
an endemic and previously undescribed species of
Ageratun. The species is notable for its completely
glabrous involucre and rather cordate lower leaves.
The species has the leaf, achene and involucral struct-
ures of the section Coelestina but has coarser and more
pilose stems as in many members of the section Ageratum,
The new species is named for Royce L. Oliver,
formerly on the staff of the Missouri Botanical Garden,
whose many collections have contributed to our know-
ledge of the Flora of Panama,
Ageratum oliveri R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae annuae vel subperennes herbaceae vel suf-
frutescentes erectae usque ad 1 m altae pauce ramosae.
Caules brunneoli vel rubescentes teretes leniter
striati saepe late fistulosi parce vel dense Longe
pilosi et saepe parce puberuli. Folia plerumque
opposita, petiolis usque ad 4 cm longis; laminae late
ovatae usque ad 9 cm longae et 8 cm lLatae, base saepe
leniter cordatae margine crenatae vel serrato-crenatae
apice breviter vel distincte acuminatae supra flavo-
vel obscuro-virides laeves Longe sparse pilosae subtus
pallidae carnosae immerse glandulo-punctatae in nervis
et nervulis longe pilosae prope basem valde trinervatae.
Inflorescentiae cymosae vel subcymosae, ramis conferte
corymbosis vel subumbellatis dense breviter puberulis,
pedicellis 1-9 mm longis superne non crassioribus.
Capitula ca. 5 mm alta, squamae involucri 20-25
eximbricatae biseriatae 3-4 mm longae lLanceolatae bi-
costatae margine non scariosae apice argute acutae
extus glabrae; receptacula glabra. Flores ca. 60-75
plerumque lLavenduli. Corollae 2.3-2.7 mm Longae
anguste infundibulares, tubis aliquantum latis ca. 1 mm
longe pauce minute glanduliferis, Limbis glabris, lLobis
ca. 0.5 mm longis extus pauce breviter piliferis
superne pauce papillosis; thecae antherarum 0.8-0.9 mm
longae, appendicibus rotundatis ca. 150y longis et
latis; rami stylorum Longi superne non vel vix crass-
lores minute acute papillosi. Achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa
glabra; carpopodia excentrica, pappis nullis vel breviter
coroniformibus usque ad 0.3 mm altis. Grana pollinis
491
492 Pinot 04 OG 174 Vol, 28, no. 5
18-20, diam.
Type: PANAMA: Panama: Cerro Jefe along main road before
turnoff to summit, Croat 13062 (Holotype MO! Isotype
US). Paratypes: PANAMA: Panama: 7 mi N of Cerro Azul
on road to Cerro Jefe, 2600 ft, Blum et al 1771 @sup;
Goofy Lake to oa 5 mi S of Goofy Lake toward (Mone
Jefe, Dwyer 7055 (MO); Cerro Jefe, Gentry 2867 (MO);
along road to Cerro Azul, 1600 ft, Tyson E358 (FSU, MO).
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
1974 King & Robinson, A new species of Ageratum 493
Ageratum oliveri R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype,
Missouri Botanical Garden.
STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXVIII.
FOUR ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS AGERATINA FROM MEXICO AND
CENTRAL AMERICA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560
Ageratina austin-smithii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae suffruticentes usque ad 2 m altae pauce
ramosae. Caules teretes vel subhexagonales hirsuti.
Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque 1.5-3.5 cm longis;
laminae ovatae papyraceae usque ad 16 cm longae et 9 cm
latae base cuneatae margine multo crenato-serratae
apice argute acuminatae supra et subtus sparse puber-
ulae subtus in nervis subhirtellae, nervis secondariis
paucis subpinnatis mediis valde ascendentibus. Inflore-
scentiae corymboso-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, pedi-
cellis plerumque 3-6 mm longis dense hirtellis. Capitula
ca. 6-7 mm alta; floribus ca. 23; squamae involucri ca.
15-18 eximbricatae biseriatae lLineares 4-5 mm longae
0.5-0.7 mm latae bicostatae apice attenuatae pilosae
margine distincte anguste scariosae extus dense puber-
ulae vel hirtellae; corollae ca. 4.0 mm longae, tubis
perangustatis 1.0-1.5 mm longis, Limbis anguste cam-
Panulatis pauce setiferis, lobis anguste triangularibus
0.7-0.9 mm longis intus glabris extus dense setiferis,
setis simplicibus; filamenta antherarum in parte super-
lore ca. 400u longa; thecae antherarum ca. 0.8 mm
longae, appendicibus ca. 200n longis et 150, lLatis;
styli inferne distincte nodulosi, appendicibus dense
papillosis, ramis non vel indistincte glanduliferis;
achaenia 1.5-2.0 mm longa in costis setifera; carpo-
podia breviter cylindrica ca. 150, longa, cellulis
anguste oblongis ca. LOw lLlatis usque ad 75y longis;
setae pappi ca. 25 fragiles ad apicem non dilatatae;
series secondaria brevia. Grana pollinis ca. 23, diam.
Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Palmira, 2400 meters,
January 8, 1940. Austin Smith P2242 (Holotype US!).
The new species would key to A. badia (Klatt) K.
& R. in the recent key to Costa Rican species (K. & R.,
1972). The later species differs by the less acuminate
leaf tips, the more pilose tips of the phyllaries and
494
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 495
by the lack of indurated glands on the inner surfaces
of the style branches. The species does not have oil
droplets in the leaves such as occur in the related A.
barbensis K. & R.
Ageratina fosbergit R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
antae suffrutescentes ca. 1 m altae pauce ramosae,.
Caules dense minute puberuli. Folia opposita, petiolis
angustis plerumque 1-2 cm longis; Laminae late ovatae
vel deltoideae papyraceae plerumque 4-5 cm longae 2,0-
3.5 cm latae base truncatae vel subcordatae valde tri-
nervatae margine serratae apice argute anguste acumin-
atae supra et subtus subglabrae, nervis minute puber-
ulis. Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis
plerumque 5-10 mm longis minute subtiliter puberulis.
Capitula 4.5-5.5 mm alta; floribus ca. 25; squamae
involucri ca. 15-17 eximbricatae biseriatae oblongae
plerumque 2.5-3.0 mm longae 0.8-1.0 mm lLatae bicostatae
apice obtusae margine late scariosae extus sparse
minute puberulae; corollae albae 2.5-3.0 mm longae,
tubis perangustatis 1.0-1.5 mm longis glabris, lLimbis
cylindricis vel anguste campanulatis extus sparse
setiformis, lobis anguste triangularibus ca. 0.5 mm
longis intus glabris extus setiferis, setis simplicibus;
filamenta antherarum in parte superiore ca. 250, longa;
thecae antherarum ca. 0,.6-0.8 mm longae, appendicibus
ca. 200y longis et 150y latis; styli inferne distincte
nodulosi, appendicibus dense papillosis, ramis intus
obscure pauce glanduliferis; achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa
fusiformia profuse setifera; carpopodia breviter
stipitata, breviter cylindrica ca. 100y longa, cellulis
oblongis ca. 12y latis usque ad 25, longis; setae pappi
Cae 2) fragiles ad apicem aliquantum dilatatae, series
secondaria subnulla. Grana pollinis ca. 25» diam.
Type: GUATEMALA: Concepcion Pinola, headwaters of Rio
Pinola, 4 km ESE San Jose Pinola, 20 km ESE Guatemala
City, 1700 meters, April 13, 1947, F. R. Fosberg
27263 (Holotype US!).
qgenarine fosbergii is distinctive in the rather
deltoid strongly trinervate strongly acuminate Leaves
which are more Like some species in the genera Koano-
phyllon or Chromolaena.
96 PHYTO. DOsG> Tk Vol, 28, no. 5
Ageratina hintonii R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae herbaceae vel suffrutescentes usque ad 4
dm altae inferne ramosae. Caules teretes rubescentes
parce pilosi. Folia opposita breviter petiolata,
petiolis 1-3 mm longis, laminis lineari-lanceolatis 18-
45 mm longis 3-6 mm latis margine subintegris ad apicem
anguste obtuse acutis base cuneatis fere ad basem tri-
nervatis supra glabris subtus parce puberulis. Inflores-
centiae terminales corymbosae, pedicellis 4-9 mm longis
flavis glabris. Capitula 6-7 mm alta ca. 5 mm Lata;
floribus ca. 35; squamae involucri 17-20 subimbricatae
chartaceae 2-3-seriatae subaequilongae 2-4 mm longae
1,0-1.5 mm latae oblongae ad apicem late rotundatae
extus glabrae; corollae albae ca. 5 mm longae inferne
anguste tubulares, tubis ca. 2 mm longis glabris, lobis
ca. 1.2 mm longis anguste triangularibus extus setiferis;
thecae antherarum ca. 1.1 mm longae, appendices ovatis
250y longis; achaenia fusiformia ca. 2 mm longa in
costis dense breviter setifera; carpopodia cylindrica,
cellulis oblongis ca. 15y lLatis 15-40y longis; setae
pappi ca. 25 base subfragiles ad apicem distincte
clavatae leniter scabrae, series secundaria subnulla.
Grana pollinis ca. 25y diam.
Type: MEXICO: Guerrero: Galeana District: Teotepec,
3300) meters, December 25, 1937, George B. Hinton PEWS
(Holotype US!).
The new species is similar to A.amblyolepis(B.L.R)
K. & R. in the narrow leaves and in the broad sub-
imbricate phyllaries. The latter species is distinct
in the leaves not being as narrow or as entire, in the
pedicels and the phyllaries being glabrous and in the
tips of the pappus setae being more hispid.
Ageratina whitei R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov.
lantae frutescentes usque ad 1.7 m altae multo
ramosae. Caules teretes vel subhexagonales sparse
minute puberuli. Folia opposita, petiolis 3-7 mm
longis; laminae anguste ovatae subcoriaceae plerumque
3-5 cm longae et 1.0-2.5 cm latae base cuneatae vel
leniter acuminatae margine multo crenato-serratae apice
leniter argute acuminatae supra et subtus sparse minute
puberulae, nervis densius puberulis secondariis
Paucis pinnatis valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae
laxe late corymboso-paniculatae, ramis dense corymbosis,
pedicellis 1-6 mm longis appresse puberulis. Capitula
ca. 5 mm alta; floribus 25-29; squamae involucri ca. 20
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 497
eximbricatae vel parum subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae
lanceolatae vel lineares 1.5-4.0 mm longae 0.5-0.7 mm
latae bicostatae argute acutae superne non scariosae
extus sparse appresse puberulae; corollae roseae 3.5-
4.0 mm longae, tubis perangustatis 1.0-1.5 mm longis,
Limbis anguste campanulatis extus pauce setiferis,
lobis anguste triangularibus 0.6-0.7 mm longis intus
glabris extus dense setiferis, setis simplicibus;
filamenta antherarum in parte superiore ca. 400, longa;
thecae antherarum ca. 0.8 mm longae, appendicibus 1}
longioribus quam latioribus; styli inferne leniter
nodulosi, appendicibus longe dense papillosis; achaenia
ca. 1 mm longa in costis breviter setifera non gland-
ulifera; carpopodia cylindrica ca. 0.2-0.3 mm longa,
cellulis anguste oblongis ca. 12 lLatis usque ad 80)
longis; setae pappi ca. 25 fragiles ad apicem non
dilatatae, series secondaria nulla. Grana pollinis
ca. 23 dian.
Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: Valley of the upper Rio Chiriqui
Viejo, January 20, 1938, White & White 118 (Holotype MO!).
Acknowledgement
This study was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation Grant GB 20502 A #1 and A #2 to the
senior author.
h98 Pun yvls0-15.0 (Gao Vol. 28, no. 5
Ageratina ixiocladon (Benth, ex Oerst.) R. M. King & H. Robinson
Det. H. Robinson, II-1971
Botonical Exploration in Costa Rica
, han
Ro. Sheets Por Number: <1 Collector Austin #mith.
Loc 2 canton Maen! tte PRO —— |
F
Alt ly meters. Zone? é L, rpatenfoare Je xt 1940.
‘ “ 4
Site ‘i Exposure .~$ei1:
Havit: 224 fochin er, £4 tick -27 C. fraletcrdsaee
Ageratina austin-smithii R.M.King & H.Robinson,
Holotype, United State National Herbarium. Photos by
Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum
of Natural History.
197 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 499
he
TE al
Nv
y
" ; aN igs }
ok SM 1 Sa,
v.
_ Ageratina fosbergii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype,
United States National Herbarium,
500
Pon YO sl, OvGstk Vol. 28, no. 5
HERBARIUM of GEO, B. HINTON No
Ageratina hintonii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype;
United
States National Herbarium.
1974 King &
Robinson, Additions to Ageratina
501
; Ageratina whitei R.M.King & H.Robinson Holotype
Missouri Botanical Garden.
502 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
Enlargements of heads of Ageratina. Upper left;
A. austin-smithii. Upper right; A. fosbergii. Lower
Teft; A. hintonii. Lower right; A. whitel.
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
"BIRD STUDIES AT OLD CAPE MAY. An Ornithology of Coastal New *
Jersey. Volumes I & II by Wilmer Stone, xliii & vii & 9) pp.,
illus., Facsimile Replication by Dover Publications, Inc.,
New York, N. Y. 1001). 1965. $3.50 each volume paperbound,
This is an unabridged replication of the work first published
{and now so rare and cherished] by the Delaware Valley Ornitho-
logiesal Club in 1937 to which has been added a new Introduction
{a valuable contribution in its own right] especially for this
edition by Roger Tory Peterson; a List of Additional Species Re-
corded in Cape May County....by Ernest A. Choate; a biographical
note on Witmer Stone by James A. G. Rehn, all adding appreciably
to the value of this now readily and reasonably available gem of
description of the bird life and living as it was and some still
remains to be observed in this interesting, well described and
well photographed part of our world,
"FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY" by Daniel A. Roberts & Carl W,
Boothroyd, xii & 402 pp., illus., W. H. Freeman & Company
Reading, England RG1 3AA & San Francisco, California 9104.
1972. $15.00.
Planned for a survey course for undergraduate students, the
opening paragraph sets the orientation with "Every crop plant is
in jeopardy [but so is every other form of life!] from the moment
its seed is sown: if it is to yield full measure, a plant mst
endure the buffeting of the elements, competition from weeds,
plagues of insects, and the ravages of disease. Plant diseases
alone exacted an annual toll of some $3 billion in the United
States during the mid-twentieth century — this despite disease-
control efforts based on science and technology that are consid-
ered to be highly advanced."
The terminology mainly follows Whetzel and the disease classi-
fication follows McNew. Part I is devoted to theoretical con-
siderations of plant disease as "contimuous dysfunction" and Part
II to the practical specifics of impaired physiology affecting
photosynthesis, translocation and conduction, absorption and ac-
cumulation, meristematic activity, etc.
The illustrations and diagrams are helpful, as are the glos-
sary, bibliography and indexing. Because of its orientation,
this is definitely one of the better phytopathology texts.
503
50h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 28, no. 5
"CONTINENTS ADRIFT: Readings from SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN" edited by
J. Tuzo Wilson, iv & 172 pp., illus., W. H. Freeman & Can-
pany, Reading, England RG] 3AA & San Francisco, California
9)10h,. 1972. $7.00 clothbound, $3.50 paperbound.
Like the other excellent topical collections of separately re-
published SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN papers, this one is well chosen
and effectively integrated with preface, introductions to each
of the three sections, conclusions, biographical notes, biblio-
graphy, cross references, and index.
The historically earliest five papers are grouped as section
I, "Mobility in the earth". The next five papers starting with
the editor's own on continental drift are grouped as Section ITI,
"Continental drift, sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics".
The last five papers are grouped as Section III, "Some consequen—
ces and examples of continental drift", such as Pangaea fragmen-
tation, biological evolution, mountain and continent formation
generally, and the afar Triangle and the San Andreas Fault specif-
ically.
"Today many earth scientists believe that, within the past
decade, a scientific revolution has occurred in their own sub-
ject" holding "out the promise of great practical advances for
the future."
The many impressive illustrations add so much to the under-
standing of these new ideas important to so many fields of sci-
ence and technology.
"MANUAL OF THE TREES OF NORTH AMERICA" by Charles Sprague Sargent,
xxvi & xxiv & 934 pp., illus., Facsimile Replication in
Volumes I & II by Dover Publications, New York, N. Y.
1001). 1965. $3.00 each volume paperbound.
It certainly is good to have this excellent work readily
available again and in inexpensive form.
The back of the title page states that this edition first
published in 1961 "is an unabridged and unaltered republication
of the 2nd (1922) edition" of the original, but the back cover
mentions the source as the 2nd enlarged 1926 edition with a new
appendix by E. S. Harrar giving modern (1965) nomenclature.
This minor bibliographic quandary will prove of little impor-
tance to most of the current and future users of this reprinting —
foresters, arborists, naturalists, etc.
The Harrar appendix basically adds considerable value to Sar-
gent's original work which is almost seven decades old now, but
among its faults is the failure to modernize the spelling of the
generic name of Citharexylum and the specific name of Avicennia
erminans.
The many original line drawings are still clear, definitive
and therefore definitely helpful.
1974 Moldenke, Book reviews 505
"ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ENZYMES: Principles and Methods" Volume 2
edited by M. A. Hayat, xvi & 158 pp., illus., Van Nostrand
Reinhold Company, Cincinnati, Toronto, London, Melbourne, &
New York, N. Y. 10001. 197). $16.50.
Any Volume 2 that follows a valuable and needed Volume 1
starts with a deserved advantage, as in this case.
The book completely evaluates in its seven papers E-M. prepara-
tions, methods, limitations, prospects and interpretations for
hemoproteins, acyltransferases, polyphenoloxidases in some plants,
tyrosinase, sulfatases, adenylate cyclase and lipase. Some of
this original source material is scattered far and wide in assor-
ted journals. This is the only comprehensive treatment.
Volumes 3 and , now in the preparation stages, will be at
such deserved advantage because of the useful contributions made
by Volumes 1 and 2 to many different kinds of students, techni
cians, and scientists.
"BASIC ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES" by M. A. Hayat, xii & 119
pp., illus., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Cincinnati, To-
ronto, London, Melbourne, & New York, N. Y. 10001. 1972.
$9.95.
This small book gives the best coverage to date of the tested
and most commonly used procedures clearly in stepwise presenta-
tions for fixatives, embedding media, stains, etc. It makes an
excellent and efficient "text for beginning technique courses as
well as a guide to the worker who has not had a technique course
or who faces the problem of preparing the specimens after a long
absence from the laboratory...... [and] useful to busy research
workers who cannot afford to spend time searching for procedures
in the literature." This is true also of more detailed subse-
quent works in this field by the same author.
The detailed table of contents sufficiently covers the omission
of an index. Final chapters give details of paraformaldehyde and
molar solutions, solution chemicals with their formlas and molec-
ular weights, supply sources, and annotated bibliography.
Outlined directions are recorded for (1) fixation by immersion
for a great variety of cells, their groups, their chromosames and
other organelles and for (2) fixation by vascular perfusion of
vertebrate tissues,
Index to authors in Volume Twenty-eight
Beetle, A. A., 313
Brettell, R. D., 3
Croat, T. B., 188
Croizat, L., 17
Degener, I., 405, 19, 20
Degener, 0., 05, 19, 420
Duke, J. A.
Edwin, G., 473
Falanruw, M. V.C., 469
Fosberg, F. R., 469, 470
Bes M. E., dre, 265, 334, 30,
79
Jablonski, E., 121
Jackson, J. De, 296
King, R. M., 67, 73, 97, 272,
282, 286, 91, Lok
Moldenke, H. N., 9, 101, 10h,
192, al, 303, 3f3, 401, 425,
yy
Read, R.
Robinson, H.,
92, 272, 262,
of,
Rudd, V. E., 75
Sachet, M.-H., 70
Sherwood, M., 15
Skog, L. E., 233
Smith, L. B., 2h, 319
Williams, L. 0., 225
Wooden, H. S., 473
Wurdack, Je Jey 10
3, 64, 67, 73,
286, 294, 491,
Moldenke, A. L., 102, 222, 305, h22, 503
Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Twenty-eight
Abena, 52
Abies, 201
Acacia, 258
Acantholippia, 9, 40, 452
Actinotinus, 103
Aegephila, 52
Aegiphila, 426, 33-38, 0,
t@)
eS 9
Aegiphilla, 53
Aegiphyla, 1153
Aegyfilla, 53
Aesculus, 103
Afzelia, 1,08
Agavaceae, 310
Agave, 377
Ageratina, 9-502
Ageratum, 6, 491, 93
Aleurites, 06, 08
Alibum, 54
Alismataceae, 223
Allardtia, 36, 39
Allendea, 51
Aloysia, 109, 192, 430, 31
“T53,138, hho, hus, 153, 159
Alyxia, 21
Amasonia, 37, 438, 453, 463
Amazonia, 53
Amellus, 51, 53
Am a, 33h
oe 63
Anacardiaceae, 08
Anastigma, 65
Andira, 77, 478
Andromachia, 49-53, 55, 57, 58,
61
Andromachiopsis, 58, 59
Angelianthus, 5, 47, 48
A ceae, 08, 409
Aralia, 22
Archibaccharis, 296-302, 501
Arctostaphylos, 398
Aristida, 313-318
Arnoglossum, 29), 295
Artemisia, 218
Asclepias, 215
Ashmeadiella, 382
Aspidiaceae, 309
Aspleniaceae, 309
1974
Aster, 382
Asteraceae, 3, 63, 67, 73, 97,
272, 282, 286, 29), 295, 302,
491, Lok.
Astereae, 296
Attii, 305
Austroliabum, 3, 5, 48, 9
Avicenia, 53
Avicenina, 53
Avicennia, 132, a 42, 4h3,
B, 153 50ly
Avicenniaceae, fos
Avincennia, i)
Baccharis, "296, 297
ew oo
Banksia,
“ae 406, 408
Bartlettina, 286-293
Besleria, 233, 20
Beuchea, 53
Bicormtae, 479
Bignoniaceae, 19
Boerhaavia, het 21
Boerhavia, 421
Bombacaceae, 08
Bombus, 2
Boraginac eae, 108
Borassus, 07
Borrera, ” 1,86
Borreria, 227, 232
Bouchea, 109, 434, 436, 41,
~ 453, bbl
Bouteloua, 201
Bouvardia, 20)
Bowdichia, 77
Bromeliaceae, 24, 25, 27, 29,
i, 33, 35, isso» bes 219,
321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331,
333
Brtickea, 453
Brueckea, 54
Buchnera, 198
Buddleia, 45h
Bulbothrix, 79-31
Burseraceae, 08
Butomaceae, 223
Cacalia, 29h, 295
Index
507
Cacosmia, 4, 45, 47, ho
Cactaceae, 17, 18
Caesalpinia, 106
Caesalpiniaceae, 38
Calceolaria, 73, 47h
Calicarpa, h5i
Callicarpa, 427-29, 433, hh3,
Wy6-h18, Lok
Calonyction, oe 416
Calophyllum, )
Canarium, 06, om
Canavalia, 406-L08
Cannabis, 5, 7
a a,
het Caryiapotaa, ksh
a, 5b
aes caxptotpals
Caryo teris, M43, lbh, Lb6, 4h8
Casasia, }21
Cassia, 6
Cas » 408, 411,
Tasty Hieead, 08
Casuarina, 407
Casuarinaceae, ),07
Centaurea, 352
Ceratina, 382
Cerbera, 406, 08
Chactaria, 315, 317
Chamaecyparis » 68
Chascanun, Lhe, 454
Cheilanthaceae, 309
Chelostomopsis tomopsis, 382
Chionopappus, 4h, 5, 7, 49
Chlorodendron, yeh
Chronolaena, 282, 95
Chrysactini um, bh-6, 49, 50
Chrysastrum, 5)
Chrysobalanaceae, 08
Chusquea, 33, 219
Citharexylem, 5
Citharexylum, 432-36, hhh, 448,
» 50,
Cladium, 219
Clerodendrum, 10h, 05, 28,
, 438, hul-Lhe, LSh,
55, 1,60; L65"
Coccoloba, ”09
508
Cocos, 06, 07
Coelestina, 191
Coenobita, 05, 06
Coix, 423
Coleoptera, 382
Colophyllum, 65
Colubrina, 08, 10
Combretaceae, 188, 08, h69
Combretum, 188-191
Commelinaceae, 377
Compositae, 63, 225, 296, 09
Congea, LL9
Convolvulaceae, 225, 1,08
Coptotermes, Coptotermes, 09
Cordia, 200, 408, 411, 416, 455
Cormus, 358.
Cormtia, 132, 435, lho
Cremosperma, 210
Crusea, 232
Cryptantha, 250
Cryptocereus, 18
Cycadaceae, 1,07
Cycas, 07
Cynometra, 08
Cyperus, 255
Danthonia, 386
Dennstaedtiaceae, 309
Diandrae, 109
Dicrastylidaceae, 25
Dicrastylis, 455, 461
Digitaria, 116
Dioclea, 08
Diodia, 232, 386
Diostea, 109, 453
Diplostephium, 63, 297
Diptera, 382
Distylium, 226
Dupatya, 56
Duranta, 101, 428, 433, 43h,
Pee 137, hh, Lbs, 9, 156
Eccremocactus, i8
Ectropothecium, 65
Eitenia, 202-285
Eleocharis, 216
Endoca » 490
Entada, 06, 408, )12
Po XT. Ob OnGst vs
Vol. 28, no. 5
Entodontaceae, 6)
Epiphyllanthus, 17
Epiphyllum, 17-19
Eragrostis, 16
Erato, 54, 56, 57
Erinus, 26, 28
Eriocaulaceae, 223, 25
seauisn, 101, 192, 401, h26-
eine 1,38, bh2-LdB, 456,
Ws?) Leo ha6
Erioneuron, 201
Eriope, 157
Erythrina, 07, 108
Eucalyptus, 68
Eulonchus, 382
Eupatorieae, 67, 73, 97, 272,
282, 286, 91, Lok
Eupatoriopsis, 282
Eupatorium, 62, 67, 70, 71, 7h,
, 78, 79, 82, 8.86, 88, 89,
OL 929i, 218 286, "199"
Euphorbiaceae, 4,08
Euphyllocacti, 18
Fagaceae,
Fagraea, 470-472
Fara a Wks, Lh9
Ferreirea, 176, 478
Ferreyranthus, 6, 47, 50, 51
Festuca, 253
Filicopsida, 309
Flacourtiaceae, 08
ersischmannis "73-98
ouquieria, Fouquieria, 269
ES 57
Gentianaceae, 70
Geron, 382
Gesneria, 57
Gesneriaceae, 233, 235, 237,
239, 20, 457
Geunsia, 45h, 457
Ghinia, 457, 63
pisces lk2, 120, 1995 coos
203, 207-209, O55, 268 aoe
365, 369, 370, 383, 38h, 3
426, 457, 458°
Glandvlaria, 197
Glossadelphus, 65, 66
1974
Glossocarya, 448, 458
Gloxinia, 236, 2)0
Gmelina, 43, Lh6, Lu, Lk9, 458
Gnaphalium, 382
Goodeniaceae, 409, 412
Gramineae, 226, 310, 12
Gratiola, 357
Guettarda, 1,09
Guilandina, 08
Guttiferae, 1,08
Guamania, 332
Gynoxys, 62
Halobates, 110
Hamamelidaceae, 226
Hemibaccharis, 296, 297
Hemidiodia, 232
Hemiptera, 10
Herba, 358
Heriades, 382
Heritiera, 08
Hernandia, 07, 408
Hernandiaceae, 08
Hesperapis, 382
Heteropsychotria » 227-231
Hevea, 4,08
Hierobotana, 256
Hilaria, 201
Hippomane, 408
Holmskioldia, lh, 49, 450
Hookeriaceae, 65
Hoplitis, 362
Hyaloscypha, 15, 16
Hyaloscyphaceae, 16
Hylocomium, 6), 66
Hymenoptera, 223, 382
Hyparrhenia, 226
Hypnaceae, 6)
Hypnella, 65
Hypnum, 65
Hypotrachyna, 265, 30-32
Hyptis, 303, 458
Hyssopus, 357
Imbricaria, 79, 482
Inocarpus, 06
Intsia,
08
Ipomoea, 225, 226, 408, 411
Index
509
Irregulares, 33)
Isopterygium, 6)
Juamea, &5
Juncaginaceae, 223
Juncus, 216
Junellia, 40, hkl, 458, L6L,
Kalaharia, 58
Kastnera, 53, 57
Koanophyllon, 67-72, 95
Koyamacalia, 295
Lachnocaulon, 28
es 461
Lamiaceae, 4,58
Lanatana, 58
Tantana, 109, 402, 403, 428,
ee, 440-8, 450, 458,
Lantanta, 59
Lantanunm, 59
Larrea, 259, 350, 37h
Lasiobelonium, 16
Lecythidaceae, 08
Leguminosae, 4,08, 75
Leiothrix, 439, 459
Lemnaceae, 223
Lepidium, 250
Lepidoptera, 382
Lepturus, 412, 16
Liabeae, 3, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53,
BG, S iy bey Gly 63
Idabellum, Wi, 46, 48, 52
liabum, 43, hh, 6, 47, 49-63
Lichen, 481, 485, 486, 488
Ligustrina, 1
Lipia, 59
Lippia, 9, 109, 192, 193, 210,
303, 403, 425, 431-433, 435-
on 439-42, 450, Lou, 455,
9
Liquidambar, 207, 251
Lithophytum, 431
Lithospermm, 2h3
510 PHYTOLOG TIA
Lobeira, 18
Lomatozama, 262
Luetzelburgia, 76, 477
Lumnitzera, )08
Lupinus, 38
lychnidaea, 369
chnidea, 247, 460
Iycium, 460
Machaerium, 75-78
Magnolia, 251
Mailelou, 460
Mail-eloG, 460
Malvaceae, 08
Marniera, 17-19
Martensia, ),09
Matudaea, 226, 227
Megaliabum, 60
Meliaceae, 08
Melissodes, 382
Melochia, 08
Mesadenia, 29h, 295
Mesanthemum, })1, 160
Mesanthum, 1,60
Messerschmidia, 08, 11, 16
Mikania, 272-281
Mimosaceae, 318
Miricacalia, 295
Molinadendron, 226
Monopyle, 233-236, 2h0
Morinda, 09
Mucuna, )06-108, 12
Munnozia, 43, 45, 46, 53-57
Musci, 6)
Myristica, )06
Najadaceae, 223
Napeanthus, 233, 236-238
Nasmythia, 1,60
Nautilocalyx, 233, 238-2h0
Negundo, 160
Nelsonianthus, 225
Neomirandea, 62
Neopalxochia, 18
Newcastelia, 1,60
Newcastilia, 60
Nissolia, 76
Vol. 28, NO. 5
Nyctanthaceae, 25
Nyctanthes, Lub, 450
07
Debra, 108, 09
Ochrosia, 09
Olacaceae, 08
Oligactis, hh, 46, 47, 57, 58
Onoseris, 60
Opuntia, 110, 201, 203
Oreoweisia, 66
Osmia, 382
Ovieda, 160
Oxera, 50
Paepalanibus, 160
Paepalantims, 193, 432, 435,
436, 439, WO, 456, 460, 461,
466, 467
Palaquium, 08
Palmae, 107
Pandanaceae, 1,07
Pandanus, 06, 07
Pangium, )08
Panicum, 226
Papaver, 5
Paramachaerium, )76
Paranephelius, 43, 45, 7, 59
Parinari,
Pariti, 108
Parmelia, 265-269, 271, 33h-3h2,
79-1190
Parmeliaceae, 79, 81, 483,
185, 487, 489, 490
Parmelina, 79, 81-183
Parmotrema, 334-339
Parodianthus, 1
Paspalum, 318
Pedicularis, 352
Pemphis, 116
Petraea, ),61
Petrea, 432, 436, 450, él
Phacelia, 109
Phaius, 21
Phajus, 421
Philoglossa, li, 46, 59, 63
Phycioides, 382
Phyla, 109, 425, 27-433, 435,
1974
436, Wyl-b7, 450, 458-61
Fhylisoactap, i7, 18
rhiza, 36
Sty 212, "251, 398
Pitcairnia, 30
Pityrodia, 48, 61
Plagiothecium, 6, 66
ie » 29
antago, 250
Pegi, 222
Platypodiun, 475
Platystachys, 21
Pluchea, 297
Podocarpaceae, 07
Podocarpus, 251, 07
Poeppigia, 61
Polites, 382
Polygala, 10-1)
Polygalaceae, 10, ll, 13
Pongamia, 1,08
Populus, 389
Portulaca, 16
Potamogetonaceae, 223
Praxeliopsis, 262
Praxelis, 282
Premma, Prema, 161
Premna, 101, 102, 403, 426, ui,
ae. 2
Priono
Priva, 109, 132-h3h, 436, Lhe,
hhh, 461, 462
Pseudo hia, 18
Pseudonoseris, , 45, 47, 59,
60
Pseudotsuga, 253
Psychotria, 227-231
Pteridium, 370
» S4-66
Pteri
eopremna, yj), 451, 462
nacopremna, 1,62
Quercus, 207, 212, 251, 252,
398, 08 he
Raphithamnus, 62
Relicina, 479, 480, 48, 485
Rhamnaceae, 3,8, ),08
Rhaphitamnus, 1,62
Index
Rhaphithamnus, 61, 1462
=a
Rhynchota, 305
Rondonanthus, 56
Rubiaceae, 227, 231, 409
Ruppiaceae ce
Ruta, 357
Salix, 389
Salvia, 39
Sambucus, 6
Sapotaceae, 408
Sartoria, 97-99
Sartorina, 97-100
Scaevola, 09, 16
Scheuchzeriaceae, 223
Schisto ha, 62
Schuttleworthia, 39), 62
Scirpus 216
Senecio} 3, 225, 29h, 421
Senecioneae, 294, 295
Sesuviun, Seauneleal, 1G
Setaria, 357
Sida, 16
Sinacalia, 295
Sinclairia, 43, 46, 48, 60-62
Sinclairiopsis, 60
Siphonanthus, 62
Sisymbriun, Sisymbrium, 367
Sium, 216
Solamm, 23
Solidago, 1, 2, kh, Bee
Sonneratia, 1408
Sonneratiaceae, 4,08
Sophora, 08
Sparganium, 216
Spathodea, 19
Spermacoce, 232
Spermacoceae, 231
Sphenodesme, 6, 451
Spondias, 08
Stachytarpha, 1,62
Stachytarchaeta, 62
Stachytarpheta, 102, 109, 116,
193, Ses 30, 3h 425 426,
432-437, 439-448, fs1, hse,
512 PHY TOLOGTs
462, 463, 467
Stadujtarpheta, 163
Sterculiaceae, 1,08
Stilbaceae, 125, 4,63
Stilb(in)aceae, 1,63
Strepsiptera, 223
Strongylodon, 08
Suriana, 16
Svensonia, 1, 2
Symphorema, 163
Symphoremaceae, 25
Symphyromea, 1,63
Syneilesis, 295
Syngonanthus, 03, 435, 437,
WhO, 61, 463
Tacca, 07
Taccaceae, 07
Tachigalea, 63
Tamonea, 163
Taxiphyllum, 61-56
Taxithelium, 65
Tectona, 42, b3, Ly6, 47,
451
Teijsmanniodendron, 18, 65
Teredo, 408, 409
Terminalia, 06-08, 469, 70
Tetrandrae, 109
Teucrium, 357
Thecophyllum, 328
Thespesia, 08
Thysanoptera, 306
Tiliaceae, 08
Tillandsia, 21, 23-2, 319-
323, 325, 327
Tipuana, 75-178
Trachypogon, 226
Tribulus, 16
Trichodes, 382
Vol. 28, no. 5
Trichospermae, 1)
Triumfetta, 408, 411, 416
Umbelliferae, 222
Unguiculella, 16
Vallidae, 410
Vatairea, 75-78
Vataireopsis, 76
Velutaria, 16
Verbena, 10), 105, 107, 109-120,
195-213, 215-221, 241-26,
343-LO1, 103, 40h, 425-132
435, 438, YO, WW, 443, Lhh,
hh6; 451, 157; 458; 160, 462;
h6h, 46
Verbenaca, 259, 362, 391
Verbenaceae, 08, 25
Vernonia, 60, 215, 352
Veronica, 109, 118, 262
xVeronicena, 262
Viburmm, 103
Viola, 465
Violaceae, 65
Vites, 65
Vitex, 22h, Oh, 26, 427, 430,
433, 435, 437, byl-bh3, Lh5-
48, 452, L60, 65, 468
Viviania, 51
Volkameria, 65
Vriesea, 319-333
Wedelia, 109
Xanthoparmelia, 79, 85-90
Ximenia, 08
Soneeps 4,08
Xyris,
Yueca, 110, 20h, 218, 346, 37h,
376
Zanichelliaceae, 223
Zosteraceae, 223
Publication dates for Volume Twenty-eight
No. 1 — June , 197)
No. 2 — June 13, 197)
No. 3 — July 10, 197)
No. , — July 26, 1974
No. 5 —— August 28, 1974
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