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Wlustrated.
PUBLISHED BY
C. E. TWOMBLY,
BOSTON.
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South oriic Aa,
NOV 3 190u
CoPpYRIGHTED, 1900,
BY
Cc E. TWOMBLY, BOSTON,
Ws, SS.) As
s
Introduction.
BACH
EALIZING the urgent need in the American
Pigeon Fancy of a book containing a stand-
ard for all varieties, I shall endeavor herein
to give all the very latest and best standards in use
at the present time. A large majority of these
standards have been carefully studied and adopted by
committees from the leading specialty clubs of Eng-
land and America.
C. E. Twomsry.
CROPPER. PIGMY POUTER. POUTER.
(The Feathered World.)
on
THE PIGEON STANDARD.
POUTER STANDARD.
Head—Fine, small ard narrow in proportion to the size of
the bird, forming an elongated arch from the base of
the beak and measuring 13 inch from tip of beak to
centre of eye.
Beak—Fine, mandible straight, upper slightly curved at tip.
Beak Wattle—Small and fine in texture.
Eye—Full and of mild expression.
Eye Cerc—Very fine and threadlike.
Neck—Long and furnished with a large gldbular crop, for-
ward in position.
Body—(1) Shoulders—small and flat or ‘‘wall-shouldered,”’
and tightto the body. (2) Back—narrow and long
with a grooved line from base ot neck towards rump.
(8) Rump—narrow, shallow, straight and smooth.
(4) Breast—narrow, long and convex, showing very
little keel. (5) Belly
vent.
narrow and tapering to the
Wings-—Long and shallow, close to body showing waist and
upper part of thigh, tapering to flights, which should
be long, broad in web of feather, and tapering to end
of tail, upon which they should rest.
Tail—Long, narrow, straight with body, round ended, nearly
touching the ground and with the wings presenting
a wedge-shaped appearance from shoulders to tip of
tail.
Carriage— Upright.
Action—Free, lively and graceful.
Length —From 18 inches in hens to 21 inches in cocks, meas-
ured from tip of beak to end of tail.
6 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
Limbs—On a scale at the rate of 2 inch in limb to 1 inch in
feather, measured from thigh joint to tip of toe nail.
(1) Front View—Placed well back from crop, insertion
close, thigh and hock joint straight, inclining in-
wards, from thence to foot inclining outwards very
slightly. (2) Side View—Following the line of body
with convex line on fore side of thigh to hock, slight-
ly concave on the opposite side, and straight from
hock to foot. (8) Generally lengthy both in thigh
and shank, long and in proportion, feathered closely
and evenly, presenting a stocking-like appearance.
Toes—Well feathered to tip, and not cramped.
Colors—Yellow, red, black, blue, (standard pieds) and white.
Markings—The above colors cover the bird with the excep-
tion (1) of a white crescent on crop, the horns of
which reach to about an inch from each eye (2) of a
few white feathers, about a dozen, on the shoulders
(in the shape of a rose) and white primary flights (3)
of white on all the body behind a line encircling the
centre of the waist.
In the case of blacks and blues, color of the tail
same as body color, and blues must have black bars
on the wings.
In yellows and reds, a colored tail is preferred if of
as good color as the body.
Whites have no marking.
Color of Eye—In pied birds red or orange, and in whites a
bull eye.
Color of Beak—In blacks and blues, black, and in other col-
ors flesh colored.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 7
THE PIGMY POUTER.
The above staudard applies in every respect to the Pigmy
Pouter with the exception of size, which should be as small
as possible, some of the best specimens standing scarcely six
inches from the ground. The Pigemy is, in fact, a miniature
Pouter from tip to toe, the flight and tail feathers should
be rather short than the reverse.
THE BRUNER POUTER.
The Bruner Pouter is very similar to the Pigmy, but should
be clean limbed, i. e. free from feathers below the knee joint.
‘The Bruner is seldom seen as slim in girth as the Pigmy, and
are mostly shown in self colors, white being the most pop-
ular.
THE NORWICH CROPPER.
Croppers resemble Pouters in many points, while in some
they differ completely. In color, markings, action and crop
inflation there is little difference, the limbs ‘are shorter and
free from feathering; the body is short, and shoulders com-
paritively broad, In other words the Cropper is a ‘‘slumpy’’
Pouter with clean limbs.
TUE PIGEON STANDARD. 9
JACOBIN STANDARD.
Beak—Short and thick, well curved downwards forming a
continuation of curve of skull, and flesh color.
Head—Small, flat between the eyes, with full appearance in
front.
Eyes—Centre black, surrounded by pearl or light gray.
Hood—Long, fitting well down on the head, even at edge,
crossing the head in a line with the front of the eyes.
Chain—fFitting close and even from back to breast, standing
well out, giving a curved line from hood to breast.
Mane—Full, being well filled out at back, even at edge, and
fitting in evenly with the hood.
Rose—Shape, oval, in a line slanting across bottom of. neck.
Size and Shape of Body— Breast full, long and slender; the
back narrow, flat and straight.
Wings—Rather low at buts, flights resting on tail.
Carriage—Sprightly, the head carried about eight inches
from the ground.
Legs and Feet—Short and free from feathers below the
hock, color red, feet small and fine, with claws same
color as beak.
Rump—Smooth, flat and narrow.
Tail—Narrow and straight in line with the back.
Color—feds, blacks and yellows, sound, lustrous and even,
from lower mandible to vent, with rump, tail, ten
flights and head, white. Whites pure throughout.
WZ
LY RSES
athered World.)
(Fe
PIE.
”
7
MAC
IDEAL
THE PIGEON STANDARD. tt
THE MAGPIE.
Size—Small, from actual measurements, good average spec-
imens in good condition, weight for cocks from 9} to
10 ounces, hens from 8} to 9} ounces; and when
standing in a natural position measure from sole of
foot to top of head from 8 to 94 inches in height, the
length from tip of beak to end of tail, without
stretching, from 124 to 14 inches.
Shape—Apparently long, slender and snake-like, chest full
and round, but not broad, the body round, thin and
gracefully tapering from front to vent, with no ap-
proach to Owl or Tumbler form, shoulders well
defined, but not carried prominently asin the Dra-
goon, legs set well back to show breast.
Carriage—Is a very important characteristic of the Magpie,
but if the shape be good and true, the proper carriage
is almost sure to follow; it sLould,be smart, spright-
ly. The body well poised on the graceful and slender
limbs, the neck and body forming a continuous easy
curve, but the neck must notincline backwards,
head and beak carried horizontally, flights and tail
neatly folded.
Head—Must be long and thin, round on top of skull, showing
a soft easy curve in every direction—the term snake-
headed is often used, but does not apply as many
snakes are flat-headed, which is quite a reverse of
what is wanted in the Magpie—as nearly even in
substance throughout as possible, not wedge-headed,
no stop at junction of head and beak, but rising with
a gradual curve from front to back, fine and neat at
back of skull, lean face, with no approach to Owl or
short-faced Tumbler form. Junction of head with
neck to be neat and almost imperceptible without
throatiness,
12 THE) PIGHON STANDARD.
SS
Beak—Should be long, thin and nearly equal in substance
throughout, with slight hook at end of mandible,
but no dip in lower mandible, free from coarseness,
furnished with slight wattle of fine texture, pale in
color approaching to white, free from stain or mark-
ing except in blacks, blues and duns, in which colors
avery slight Vandyke mark on tip of upper man-
dible is admissable.
Neck—Long, thin, quite free from gullet or fullness of the
throat, thinnest at the point of junction with the
head, swelling gently towards the shoulders, which
it should join with a graceful and gentle curve.
Eye and Eye Cere—Eye white or pearl color, pupil intensely
black and clearly defined, what is commonly known
as a ‘‘fish eye,’’ the eye cere is seen in various tints,
from nearly white to a coral red. In blacks the
deeper the red the better, and a shade of pink in
other colors, but do not put much stress on this
point. The cere should be small and fie in texture,
no approach toa Barb eyeis admissible, but just
enough to show a delicate and even border to the
eye, and no more. The general effect of the eye,
although prominent, is mild in expression.
Legs and Feet—Legs rather long than otherwise, straight
not knock-kneed or cow-hocked. Shanks thin, lean
and free from feathering, covered with fine scales.
Toes long, thin, and well separated, also free from
feathering. Toenails white, both legs and feet bright
red in color.
Tail and Flights—Tail rather long, the feathers narrow and
closely folded, containing not more than twelve
feathers. Not swallew-tailed or divided in centre,
the tail should be carried in a line with the back,
just clear of the ground, but not cocked up at all.
Flights rather narrow, closely folded, carried close
to the side, tips resting on top of tail, about half an
ineh from side, not crossed,
TILE PIGEON STANDARD. 13°
Coelor—The whole of the body except head, neck and breast,
back, saddle and tail pure white, the color on the
colored portions to be bright, deep and lustrous as
possible; in blacks the irridescent colors and metal-
lic sheen are most important; wherever the color
extends it must be of one rich, even depth, extending
even to the shafts of the tail feathers. Many other-
wise good birds often zun chequery or ashy about
the top of rump and root of tail, which is very objec-
tionable. Blues and silvers should have black tail
bars.
Markings—Cut on breast. Sharp and evenly defined, without
artificial assistance, the color extending downwards
to about the tip of the breast bone, or a very little
below, running across the breast, either in a straight
line or slightly curving upwards towards shoulders,
showing aslightly convex form. It is advisable to
raise the wings, and if many foul feathers are dis-
covered between breast and vent markings, the
breast should be carefully examined for foul feathers
or tlimming.
Cut on shoulders—Color extendiag across the
broadest part of the back at the shoulders, from side
to side at intersection of the wing with body, taper-
ing evenly and smoothly towards the tail, and form-
ing an clongated heart or V shaped saddle, showing
no ragged edges on shoulders,
Cut at vent—Even and extending only a very short
distance from beneath root of tail, no foul or colored
feathers extending towards thighs or belly.
Plumage—Close and compact, but not hard feathered.
Disqualifications—Trimming or plucking of foul feathers,
dyeing or oiling, dark or gravel eyes, heavy mark-
ings on back, feathered legs or feet, Tumbler form of
head or body, chequered or ashy back or rump, want
of condition.
ithered World.)
©
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4
SHORTFACE
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 15
THE SHORT-FACE TUMBLER.
Carriage and Shape.—Erect and sprightly, jaunty when in
motion. 1. Neck broad at base and very slender at
the throat, shortin length, arched in shape, with
head well thrown back when viewed sideways, the
head and feet to appear in the perpendicular line.
2. Chest broad and very prominent, but not flat.
3. Wing Coverts rather spreading. 4. Back slightly
and rump mere decidedly raised. 5. Attitude ob-
servant and standing almost on the tip of the toes,
with the sole of the feet slightly raised from the
ground. 6. Legs short and elegant, devoid of all
feathering below the knee-joints.
Head. 1. Large and round, but withal when measured, short
from the front to the back of the skull. 2. Frontal
broad, prominent and lofty, slightly bulging forward
3. Crown well raised above the eyes, and convex.
4, Back of skull falling in rather shortened slope
but withal decidedly convex and _ porportionate.
5. Jaw and cheeks wide and abundantly feathered ;
the muffs full and blending upwards.
‘Beak. 1. Short, straight, and as fine as possible in both
mandibles; the one closely fitting to the other and
pointed at the tip. 2. Color, in Almonds, Kites and
whole colors, of dark shade horn colored; streaked
with deep brown in Agates; yellows and whites pale
flesh color.
Wattle and Cere. Small and very fine in texture, the cere
being moderately fine.
Size. Small, compact and plump.
Flights and Tail. Long and wide in web, rather spreading,
the flights carried below the tail, but showing no
opening between the one and the other.
16
Eyes.
THE PIGEON STANDARD.
Silvery and bright in iris, with jet black clearly de-
fined pupil, large, prominent and very round in shape
situated rather to the back of the skull and appear-
ing, owing tothe lofty frontal, centred low in the
head.
Standard Colors.
Almonds. 1. Ground color, rich, sound and even; in tint
Kites.
that of the inside of the shell of the almond nut.
2. Markings. Head, neck, chest, back of rump, and
wing coverts evenly spangled with rich black splash-
es. Flights and tail showing in uneven patches three
distinct colors, viz., almond, black and white.
Black or dun ground, the former showing a golden
brown shading all over the body, especially under
the flight and tail ‘‘web feathering ;’’ the latter a
yellowish golden shade on some parts.
Agates. Red or yellow ground color, sound and lustrous,
broken by white feathers on the hackle, shoulders
and back, the major feathers being dark.
Mottles. Lustrous, metallic, green black ground from head
to tail, the mottling consisting of from ten to twenty
feathers evenly distributed in the form of a rose at
the pinions of the sboulders, and an equal number
of white feathers evenly distributed in V shape on
the scapular plumage covering the upper part of the
back,
Self Colors. Sound lustrous red, deep rich yellow and
ebony metallic lustred black; the beaks of the latter
should be of the deepest coal black; reds and yellows
pale flesh colored.
(itis
Mf d ES
Fite: she fn Mt
fl ie ao a ol
tie iss ee GL PEL
BLACK BALDHEAD TUMBLER. (Feathered World. )
MUFFED MOTTLE,
CLEAN LEG MOTTLE, CLEAN LEG
(Feathered World.)
W HITESIDE.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 19
THE LONG-FACE CLEAN LEG TUMBLER.
Beak—Close fitting, straight set, and of medium thickness.
Wattle—Neat, fine in texture.
Skull—Round, with wide frontage, showing no flatness or
indentation.
Eye—Pearl or white, centrally placed.
Cere—Small as possible, fine in texture. (See also separate
varieties.)
Neck— Medium length, broad at base, tapering gradually to
throat, slightly arched.
Body—Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide
in chest.
Flights & Tails—Flights closely set, broad, short and carried
on tail. Tail closely folded and wedge shape.
Legs—Stout, and well set, and of nedium length.
Carriage—Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.
Feather—Clean, close, and tight fitting.
Mottles—Color sound and even throughout. The pinion
mottlings should be white, and nearly circular, even-
ly distributed, butts free from white. The back
marking should be V shaped, well and evenly mottled
Beak as in Selfs.
Rosewings—Same as Mottles excepting back marking.
Beards—The Bearding or Chuck should be small, and not
extending beyond the centre of the eyes, of semi-
circular shape, and in line with centre of beak.
Primary flights 10 x 10, tail and stockings white; the
rest of the body to be of a sound even color through-
out.
20 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
Beak—In blues, blacks and chequers, the upper mandible
should be dark, and the lower flesh colored, while in|
other varieties both mandibles should be flesh colored.
Bald Heads—The Head, primary flights 10 x 10, tail and
body color downwards from the breast bone, white.
The line of demarcation should extend from slightly
under the lower mandible, following close to the eye
and gradually and evenly rising to the back of the
skull. Beak & Cere, flesh colored in all varieties.
Whitesides—The whole of the body, including tail and
primary flights 10 x 10, should be sound colored
throughout, with solid colored backs. The shoulders,
wing coverts, and secondary flights, pure white.
Beak—Flesh colored, excepting blacks, which should
be black.
Almonds & Sub Varieties—Same as in the Short-Face.
Self Colors.—BLACKS. Color, deep and sound, showing
a green metallic lustre. Beak & Toe-nails—Black.
REDS. hich color, sound and even throughout, with
alustrous golden bronzy hackle showing free from
green. Beak—Flesh colored.
WHITES should possess a satin silvery like appearance
with Beak, Toe-nails, Eye & Cere, white.
YELLOWS. Color, rich golden, even throughout,
hackle showing a pink lustre free from green, Beak
Flesh colored.
Barred Varieties BLUES. Color, clear, bright and sound,
with broad even black bars. Beak—Black.
CHEQUERS. Color and markings, distinctly and evenly
marked throughout, in two shades according to
color. Beak—Black.
SILVERS. Very light and silvery in color, with black
bars. Beak—Hovrn color.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 21
THE MUFFED TUMBLER.
Beak—Close fitting, straight set and of medium thickness.
Wattle—Neat, fine in texture.
Skull—Round, showing no flatness or indentations.
Eye—Pearl, or sometimes called white; centrally placed.
Cere—Small as possible, fine in texture, flesh colored.
Neck— Medium length, inclined to shortness, broad at shoul-
ders, tapering gradually to throat; slightly arched,
Body—Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide
in chest.
Flights & Tails—Flights close set and broad. Tail closely
folded.
Legs—Stout, well set, and of medium length.
Muff—Profuse, and the outer edge forming a half circle com-
ing in to hock without break if possible.
Carriage—Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.
Feather—Clean, close, short and tight fitting.
Mottles—Color sound and even throughout, the wing marks
are white and circular, evenly distributed, butts free
as possible from white, the back markings should
be V shaped, well and evenly mottled.
Rosewings—Same as Mottles excepting back marking.
Beards—The beard should be small, crescent-shaped, and
not extending beyond the centre of the eye, and in
line with centre of beak. Primary flights and muffs
white; the rest of the body to be of a sound, even
color throughout. Beak should be flesh color in all
varieties.
CPIMOM pea19qyva4 )
MaTAN OL Fodva
bins SS
SaTHWOL ATdaYS
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THE PIGEON STANDARD. 23
Whitesides—The whole of the body including tail and pri-
mary flights should be sound color thioughout. The
shoulders, wing coverts and secondary flights pure
white. Beak—Flesh color, except in blacks.
Seif Colors—Red, yellow, black and white, sound, rich and
even color throughout, black showing a green metal-
lic lustre. Beaks—Flesh color, except in blacks.
Barred Varieties—Blues, silvers and chequers to possess
broad, even black bars, and free from ticking or kite
color. Beak—In blues and chequers very dark, and
in silvers horn color.
Saddles—Black, blue, red and yellow. The two former to be
dark tailed; the two latter to be dark or light tailed.
Head markings—A snip or blaze up front of face,
with a full white beard extending from back of eye
to back of eye under beak, forming a bib; with the
dark patches running pear shaped into it from the
centre of lower mandible, the latter called whiskers.
In addition, a dot over each eye about the size ofa
hemp seec, with a white band extending around,
with the exception of a heart shape on the back,
which is dark, giving the bird the name.
Badges—Same as Saddles except body color, which should
be dark except foot feathering and ten lower flights
whieh should be white. Head marks same as Saddle.
TIPPLER, Light Print.
Gr
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 25
THE. -TIPPLER.
DARK MOTTLE.
Head—Round skull (not too full in front) medium faced,
pearl eyes with dark ceres and a dark beak.
Neck—Short, stout at shoulders, tapering well up tothe
head.
Size and Shape— Medium in size, broad chest and shoulders,
strong wing butts, body well tapering, wedge shape
to tip of tail.
Flights—Short and broad, well overlapping each other when
expanded, cound in color throughout.
Legs and Feet—Short legs, small feet, bright red in appear-
ance, and free from feathers below the hocks.
Carriage—Sprightly and erect; hard, short, close and perfect
in feather, flights of tail feathers being out and not
well through the pin, should put a bird back as if it
were a foul feather; the whole possessing a rich
metallic sheen; tail feathers should be twelve in
number.
Color and Markings —Bronze brown, leaning towards a rich
chocolate brown, with white markings; solid colored
head, neck and chest, well and evenly marked on
back and wings; flights and tail must be sound in
color.
LIGHT MOTTLE.
Head—Same as dark mottles.
Neck—Same as dark mottles.
Size and Shape—Same as dark mottles.
Flights—Same as dark mottles.
Legs and Feet—Same as dark mottles.
Carriage—Same as dark mottles.
Color and Markings—Light ground, with bronze and rich
bronze markings, evenly mottled or printed through-
out; flights and tail sound in color.
LIGHT.
Head—Same as dark mottles.
Neck—Same as dark mottles.
Size and Shape—Same as dark mottles.
Flights—Same as dark mottles.
Legs and Feet—Same as dark mottles,
Carriage—Same as dark mottles.
Color and Markings—Simply acolored ‘‘cheek, primary
flights and tail featheis,”” rich brown or bronze to
take the lead; remainder of bird, viz., head, neck,
body, wings, including secondaries, 7. e., short tlight
feathers, back andrump, white or clear as possible.
FANTAILS.
Blue,
Saddle,
(Feathered World. )
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 27
THE WHITE FANTAIL.
Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.-—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper
maudible slightly curved at the tip.
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.— Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Body.-—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushivn with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird sheuld stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right ina straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs. well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemiug
tu bonnce gently up and down on the cushion, with
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
Plumage—Pure White, hard and tight fitting.
| Legs.
28 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE BLUE FANTAIL.
Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.—Thin, black and of medium. length, the upper
mandible slightly curved at the tip.
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.— Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well oft as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.— Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming
to bonnee gently up and down on the ¢ushion, with
coustant tremulous quivering of the body.
Clear sound lavender blue. Free from sootiness or
bronzing, and with no inclination to run light on the
rump. The feathers upon the neck and throat
should be covered with an iredescent metallic sheen.
The wing and tail bars should be black and well
defined. The tail feathers should be edged all
around with the same tint as the body color.
Plumage—Hard and tight fitting.
Color.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 29
THE BLACK FANTAIL.
Head.—Smal! fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.—Thin, black and of medium length, the upper
mandible slightly curved at the tip.
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.—Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with
ease; Trump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Slightly concave and circular, closely filed with Jong
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty mauuer. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, sect on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming
to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
Color.—Jct black throughout, free from rustiness or a cheq-
roe appearance, and covered with arich beetle green
ustre.
Tail.
Plumage—Hard and tight fitting.
_—— _ _ ___—_—_—_
(SAL VLN Wil
OLLI AA
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 31
THE RED FANTAIL.
Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper
mandible slightly curved at the tiv. ,
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.— Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushivn with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
_Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head. seemiiy
to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
Color.—Clear, rich, bright golden chestnut, free from sooti-
ness or any tendency toa bluish tint. The feathers
upon the neck and throat should be covereu with an
iridescent metallic sheen.
Plumage— Hard and tight fitting.
32 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE YELLOW FANTAIL.
Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper
mandible slighily curved at the tip.
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.—Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Shape, smalland round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Legs.— Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs aad Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming
to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
Rich, bright golden yellow, with no tendency to run
light on rump. The feathers upon the neck and
throat should be covered with an iridescent metallic
sheen.
Plumage.—Hard and tight fitting.
Color.
+
- Beak.
Beak Wattle.
_
;
%
$4
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 33
THE SILVER FANTAIL.
Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
black and of medium length, the upper
mandible slightly curved at the tip.
Small and fine in texture.
Eye.—Pearl, with very fine drab-colored cere.
Neck. —Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
pr oaches the head.
Length of Neck. , 50 as
to enable the head to rest oueie at the base of the
cushion.
and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre ; length of back, jn proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.
Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back oveilapping each other and extending well up
the tail feaihers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
all, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and ‘closely braced ; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body.
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming
to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, w ith
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
A soft even shade of a very light silvery grey tint,
with no tendency to a creamy color, The feathers
upon the neck ‘and throat should be covered with
an iridescent metallic sheen. The wing and tail bars
should be black and well defined. The tail feathers
should be edged all round with the same tint as the
body color.
Plumage—Hard and tight fitting.
Body.
Color.
34 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE SADDLEBACK FANTAIL.
Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.
Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper
mandible slightly curved at the tip.
Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture.
Eye.—Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere.
Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-
proaches the head.
Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as
to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the
cushion.
Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in
centre; length of back, in proportion to length of
neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with
ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance
the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball.
Cushion.— Full and massive, the feathers of the front and
back overlapping each other and extending well up
the tail feathers.
Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long
broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each
other.
Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers
below the hocks.
Feet.—Small, fine and neat.
Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red.
Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a
jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful
manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-
right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on
fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing
the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the
tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop
or incline forward; legs. well apart, the hocks being
forced forward by the action of the body. 4
Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and
apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemilg
to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with
constant tremulous quivering of the body.
Markings.—The wings should be marked evenly, the ten
outside feathers being white, the rest, including the
covert or scapular feathers, to be colored; the body,
excepting the back, to be white, in the barred varie-
ties the wing bars to be clear and distinct.
Color.—To be clear and rich throughout, with tight hard-
fitting plumage.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 35
THE ENGLISH CARRIER.
Head.—Long and narrow, running vn as straight a level as
possible from the base ot the wattle to the back of
the skull, yet displaying the slightest indentation in
its centre in its longitudinal exiension. (1) LEN@TH
—From the tip of the beak to the back of the skull,
2? inches at least. (2) WiptH—From inside fold of
eye-cere to eye-cere } inch—being equal in measure-
ment at front and back of cere.
Beak.—Long and stout in both mandibles, shooting straight
away from their juncture up the gape and propor-
tionately thick to the very tip, the mandibles closing
tightly. Color, of a light fleshy hue with dark lon-
gitudinal streaks in blacks and blues, the streaks
being light horn color in duns; in whites, of a pale
fleshy color, devoid of any streaking. Measure-
ments of face and beak, 1f inch in hens and not léss
than 2 inches in cocks, from the pupil of the eye’ to
the tip of the beak.
Wattle.—Rather round than oval in shape. Size, as large -
as possible, even in surface rooring, and proportion-
ately balanced from side to side; that on the under
mandible scarcely showing any separation from that
on the upper one when they are closed; the upper
section tilted slightly forward from the front of the
skull, the lower section very gradually bulging away
from the jaw. The circumference of the wattle
should be greatest at its centre, from whence it
should gradually and imperceptibly blend with the
beak at its inner extremity. The color of a wattle
should be a powdery white tint.
Eyes.—-Deep red in iris, except whites, which should be
black or ‘‘bull-eyed.”’
Eye-Cere.—Circular and wide, evenly radiating at an equal
distance from the eye. Fine, well laced, but firm in
texture, rising slightly above the level of the head
and quite parallel in structure both at the front and
back of the skull. The color of a pale, leather-like
tinge, displaying but little of the powdery tint visi-
ble on the wattle. ‘The dimensions should be, pro-
portionate to sex and age; in adult cocks, as wide
and circular as a florin; in adult hens a degree less;
in young birds not less than a shilling, increasing
with age.
|
{
|
Tee oy a
ae nA ibe Poe i 5
ENGLISH CARRIER.
Neck.-
Body.
Legs:
‘
Size.—
ac. —
to shu sai
Carriage.—Erect, u,—
tude. ony
Plumage.— With the excepu.c_
all the plumage should be
very close and compactly to tn.
the neck, head and shoulder cove.
Colors.—(i) Buacks-—Ebony shade with deey
(2) Duns—Of one shade all through fro.
tail. (5) BuuKs—Sound but clear tint; da. °
rump. showing distinct wing and tail, black b.
(4) Wutres—Milk-white, displaying a ‘‘satin like’’
lustre on the hackle and breast.
Nore.—In estimating the value to be allotted to the beak
wattle and the eye cere, age and sex must be taken
into account. Asa general rule, the Carrier pigeon
is at its best between 3 and 4 years of age.
CPHYOM peteqzeed) “Sau WET.
—s
= — ~— +
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 39
THE BARB.
L— —_Large, broad and square ; level and equal-
ly wide at frontaud back; but displaying au indented °
ridge running from ihe front of each eye along the
edging of the skull. (2) FoREHEAD—Wide- and
chubby, measuring one inch aud three-sisteenths
from centre of eye to tip of beak. (5) BEAK—Stout,
and blunt at its end; in color rather pale, stieaked »
with black, except pale flesh color in white;. (4)
Moutu—Wide in gape; when closed, mandibles tit-
ting tightly. (6) WatTLe—Fuli in front, but not
bulgy; tine in texture, showing buta slight central
division, displaying a white powdery surface. (6)
UNDER-WATTLE or ‘‘Jewing’’—Counsisting o1 three
distinctly divided, roundish warty developments, one
at either side of the gape, and the third exictly at
the centre of the base of the under-mandible. (7)
Cere—Circular, i. e., radiating at an equal distance
from the eye on all sides, rising up well above the
skull; equally thick and even in texture all round,
and rich coral red in color. (8) EyE—In whites,
wholly black; in all other colors the iris bright sil-
very white. with a clearly defined black pupil.
Head.
Body .—Neck—Short and thick, but displaying no gullet;
gracefully tapering in widening proportion from the
throat tu the shuulders. (2) Back—Rather wide and
flat. (3) Breastr—Wide, full and prominent. (4)
SHOULDE 23s—Closely adhering to the body. the wing
butts nut projecting beyond ‘the breast. (5) LeGs—-
Short, stout and firm; free from all feathers below
the hock joint. (6) Feer—Claws well parted and
spreading outwardly, with nails same color as beak.
Plumage.—(1) Frigurs—Primaries, long aud modeiately
wide; secondaries. rather prominent at sides but
resting well over the longer ones. (2) ‘TAIL—Rather
short, wide in web and not clusely folded.
em LR
- Shape.—Cobby in build and ercct in carriage.
Colors.—(1) Biack—Raven black, displaying a metallic
green lustre. (2) Reps—Rich chestnut color, devoid
of dunnish or ashy shades on the rump and belly.
(3) Duns—Sound and equally even in shade right
through, whether dark or Jight. (4) Wiirr s—Very
pure and displaying a satin- like lustre on hackle and
chest.
xe
“AS
ores
)
(Feathered World
DRAGOON
—-« Serene eel rer
‘
é
=
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 41
THE DRAGOON.
Head,— Wedge-shaped and broad, yet proportionate to the
stontness and length of the beak, slightly curved
when viewed from the side or front, thus showing no
angle or extended flat surface.
Beak.—Thick, measuring from the termination of the beak
horn to the anterior corner of the eye, about 14 inch-
es. The lower mandible stout, straight and close
fitting; the upper also stout and terminating ina
slight curve.
Wattle.—Peg shaped, i.c., broad and perpendicular at its
base, narrowing with even sides and longitudinal
furrows towards the point of the upper mandible,
but not intrudiug on the lower,
Eye Cere.—Small, fine in texture, nearly circular, sliglitly
pinched at the back.
Eye.—Prominent and watchful. In blues, silvers, chequers
and grizzles, the iris of a deep rich red color. In
other varieties, an approximation to this color; ex-
cept in whites, in which the iris is dark colored.
Neck.—Short and thick without gullet, and widening boldly
from head ty shoulders.
Breast.— Broad and full.
Back.—Broad and as flat as possible; shoulders prominent.
Wings.—Strong, the flights carried above the tail.
Tail.—Short and running ina line with the back, carried
clear of the ground, and extending quite half-an-inch
beyond the tips of the wings.
Short. The thighs stout and muscular. The whole
length of the body, from the point of the beak tothe
extremity of the tail, about 15 inches.
Legs.
Color.—In blues. The neck dark and lustrous; the body,
rump and thighs, a leaden blue of uniform shade.
42 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
Markings.—A broad black bar across the end of the tail.
Two black bars, about 2 of an inch, wide, even and
distinct, running transversely from top to bottom of
each wing, in the form of the letter V inverted.
Color of beak in blues, black. Color of Eye Cere, a
dark grey.
Color of Grizzles and Chequers.—Each feather distinctly
grizzled or chequered. The marking, color of beaks
and eye cere, same as in blues.
Color of Silvers.—A uniform and light silver tint. Neck a
deeper shade. Bars as black as possible. Beak,
horn color.
Yellows and Reds.—Color uniform and bright. Beak of an
even flesh color. Eve Cere, hard and white.
Whites.—Beak, pale flesh color. Eye Cere same as in yel-
Jows and reds.
WZ
a ail |
THE -PIGEON STANDARD. 43
THE SWALLOW.
Erect at base, with the top of the shell slightly cur-
ving forward, extending well round the head, the
base of shell to be the same distance from the centre
of eye as from centre of eye to the joints of mandi-
bles.
Cap.—Extending from the wattle to the back of the head at
a clean line to be drawn from the joints of the man-
dibles straight through the eyes to the base of the
skull just fringing but not intruding into the white
lining of the shell.
Shell.
Skull.—Narrow in front and wide behind—that is to say,
wedge shape.
Mandibles.-—In biacks, blues, silvers, spangles and chequers
the upper mandible dark, the under one light in
color. In reds and yellows both mandibles to be
light in color, the beak rather long, straight and
slender.
Wattle.
Eye Cere.—Very fine in texture.
Eyes.— Dark.
Neck.—Short and rather cobby in appearance, but showing
no sign of gullet.
Very small and smooth.
Shoulder.—Broad and rather full set, the back wide and flat.
Saddle.—Heart shape, showing a nice even line of marking.
Foot-Feather.—Length about 24 or 3 inches on shank, with
the toes well covered, huck feathers white, all feath-
ers below hock colored.
Legs.—Short and rather wide apart; the shortness of legs
should be from hock to body. P
Carriage.— Rather squatty.
Condition.—Very lustrous in the colored parts of the plu-
mage. ;
Markings. —The whole of the body white with the exception
of the cap, wings, foot and leg feathering below the
hock.
Shell, 25; cap, 15; skull, 15; condition, 15; foot-
feather, 10; saddle, 10; wattle, eye and eye cere, 5:
mandibles, 5. Total, 100.
Points.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 45
THE FAIRY SWALLOW.
Shell.—Erect at base, coming high up, extending well round
the head.
Narrow in front and wide behind, showing an even
curve from top of skull to front of sheli.
Skull.
Mandibles.— Rather long, in blacks, upper half dark, the
lower half light; reds, yellows and silvers, light
upper and lower.
Eye Cere.—Light and fine in texture.
Eyes.— Dark, hazel and well defined.
Frontal.--Spot, oval, extending from the nostrils; in looking
at the bird from the front, it should appear slightly
down- faced.
Neck.—Short and thick, but showing no sign of gullet.
Shoulders.—Droad and full set; the back broad and flat.
Carriage.—Squatty.
Legs.—Short and rather wide apart.
Saddle.—Heart shapc, clean cut, not to be long.
Foot Feather.—-Very long, and well spread in front, coming
nicely round to hock .
Condition.
Very lustrous in color, and free from blue-black.
Markings. —The whole of the bird should be white with the
exception of head spot, wings excepting two well
defined white bars, and foot feathering below the
hocks.
Points.—Shell, 15; foot feather, 20; spot, 15; skull, 10; sad-
dle, 10; legs, 5; neck, 5; eye and eye cere, 5; cun-
dition, id; mandible and wattle, 5. Total, 100.
TURBIT.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 47
THE TURBIT.
Size.—Small, very fullin breast. Flights short and resting
above the tail; the latter short and tightly folded.
Carriage erect and graceful.
Peak.—Springing from mane, quite unbroken and ending in
a fine point a little above the head.
Head.—Large and broad, forehead high and round, full
above the wattle and prominent over the eyes, being
well bulged so as to present a down-taced appear-
ance.
Beak.—Short and thick, the upper mandible having a down-
ward tendency. The lower mandible should be
straight and fit tightly into the upper.
Mouth.—Wide with full cheeks below the eyes, the space
between the juncture of the mandibles and the eyes
to be well filled out.
Eyes.—Large and prominent, and situated comparatively
near the top of the head, but with guood distance to
the frontal bulge. Color, bull, 7. e. dark hazel, large
and full. Eye cere, pale flesh color.
Wattle.— Fair amount, but in no way raising out of the curve
of the profile.
As much as possible, quite filling up the hollow in
the throat.
As much as possible, long in feather and firm in tex-
ture turning both ways, and extending from the
gullet well down into the breast.
Neck.—Broad from front to back.
Legs.—Short, showing but little of the thigh. Color bright
red.
Markings.— White with colored wings, each having ten white
flight feathers.
Color.—Yellow, red, black and blue, as rich and glossy as
possible, the bars of blues to be broad, even and
distinct.
Disqualifications.—-Trimming, plucking, coloring or aitifi-
cial alteration in any way. Appearance of feathers
on the legs or feet. Out of condition from disease
or any decided deformity.
Nore.—-It should be observed that ticked blues, chequery or
smokey blacks, reds and yellows, must be entered in
the classes for standard colors and are not eligible for
the Any Other Color class.
Gullet.
Frill.
IDEAL
OWT.
ret
3 he
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 49
THE ENGLISH OWL.
Head.—Large, massive, round, forming a bold and regular
arch from front and side view, well filled in between
eye and beak.
Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards
forming continuation of curve of the skull, lowe:
mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the
upper; color in blues and powdered blues as near
black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers. a
light horn color; inreds, yellows and whites, pale
flesh color.
Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped.
Eye and Eye Cere.—Hye large, bold, color reddish gravel
for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other
colors except whites, in which it should be bull or
claret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and
neat.
Weli developed, commencing at tip of lower man-
dible and terminating in the rosette or frill.
Neck.-—Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to
junction with head, full under the jowl.
Rosette or Frill.—As ample and well developed as_ possible,
either admissible, rosette preferred.
Flights and Tail.—Short and carried compactly.
Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from feathering below the
hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red
in color.
Weight and Length.—About 12 oz., not exceeding 14 oz. for
cocks, an ounce or two less for hens; length, from
tip of beak to end of tail, not to exceed 134 in.
Shape.— Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad,
prominent and muscular, rather short than other-
wise.
Carriage.—Bold and active.
Color.—Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump
and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade
throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos-
sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with
white; other colors as sound and clear as possible,
except chequers which should be as evenly chequeied
on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the
thighs so much the better.
Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any
other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition
from disease or any decided deformity.
Gullet.
50 THE. PIGEON STANDARD.
THE AFRICAN OR FOREIGN OWL.
Head.—Round, forming a bold and regular arch from front
and side view, well filled in between eye and beak.
Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards
forming continuation of curve of the skull, lower
mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the
upper; colorin blues and powdered blues as near
black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a
light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale
flesh color.
Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped.
Eye and Eye Cere.—Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel
for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other
colors except whites, in which it should be bull or
claret, set in centre of side of head, Cere fine and
neat,
Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man-
dible and terminating in the rosette or frill.
Neck.-—Short, :ather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to
junction with head, full under the jowl.
Rosette or Frill.—As ample and well developed as _ possible,
either admissible, rosette preferred.
Flights and Tai!l.—Short and carried compactly.
Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from feathering below the
hock, teet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red
in color.
Gullet.
Weight.—Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for
hens.
Shape.— Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad,
prominent and muscular, rather short than other-
wise.
Carriage.— Bold and active.
Color.— Blues, sound and even throughout, including rum)
and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade
throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as j,os-
sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with
white; other ccolors as sound and clear as possible,
except chequers which should be as evenly chequered
on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the
thighs so much the better.
Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any
other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition
from disease or any decided detormity.
—_ —_— aa
THE PIGEON. STANDARD. 51
THE CHINESE OR WHISKERED OWL.
Head.—Round, forming a bold and regular arch from front
and side view, well filled in between eye and beak.
Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards
forming continuation of'curve of the skull, lowe:
mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the
upper; color in blues and powdered blues as near
black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers. a
light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale
flesh color.
Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped.
Eye and Eye Cere.—Eye large. bold, color reddish gravel
for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other
colors except whites, in which it should be bull or
claret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and
neat.
Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man-
dible and terminating in the rosette or frill.
Neck.-—Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to
junction with head, full under the jowl.
Frill.—As ample and well developed as possible, extending
in raffle fashion right up to the back of the ear. This
is its only difference from the African Owl.
Flights and Tail.—Short and carried compactly.
Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from feathering below the
hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red
in color.
Gullet.
Weight.— Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for
hens.
Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad,
prominent and muscular, rather short than other-
wise.
Carriage.—Bold and active.
Color.— Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump
and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade
throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos-
sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with
white; other colors as sound and clear as_ possible,
except chequers which should be as evenly chequered
on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the
thighs so much the better.
Disqualifications.— Trimming, plucking, coloring or any
other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition
from disease or any decided deformity.
Shape.
ORIENTAL FRILLS.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 53
ORIENTAL FRILLS.
GENERAL FORMATION FOR ALL VARIETIES.
Head,—Large, round, high, broad and well arched forming
acontinuous curve from neck to tip of beak, well
filled in between eye and beak.
Cheeks.—Full and chubby.
Beak.—Short, thick and close fitting.
Beak Wattle.—Small and of fine texture.
Eye.—Large, bright and prominent.
Cere.—Small and smooth.
Crest.—(1) Needle-pointed, upright and central. (2) Shell
crest, even ridge and wide spread. (38) Plain head.
Gullet.—Full and well developed, falling from near tip of
under mandible to start of frill.
Neck.—Thick, broad at base, well arched and full under
jowl.
Frill.—As much as possible, well covering the breast.
Flights and Tail.—Proportionate and well set; former car-
ried close up to body.
Moderate length, grouse muffed, the feathers con-
tinuing to toe-nails, completely covering shanks and
feet.
Form.—Compact, round and plump.
Carriage.—Erect, active, dignified.
Legs.
The Satinette.
Beak.—Pale flesh color.
Eye.—Very dark brown.
Cere.—Flesh color. Head, neck and body underparts white.
Shoulders.—Tri-color, i. e., ground tint, almost colorless
with fine lines of chestnut brown and purple, black
edging at lower extremity. It is immaterial whether
markings are laced, arrow-pointed, spangled or
tipped, or whether heavy, medium or fine markings.
It isin clearness, evenness, regularity and accuracy
of feather markings that perfection is attained, and
this is generally found in the lighter or palest
grounded birds, where the beauty and clear contrast
is most obvious.
54 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
Are more or less colored, the less the better, white
preferred.
Flights.—White, and seven to ten a side.
Tail.—Dark purple, blue downwards from line across rump,
the usual black band at lower extremity, upon which
should be on each and every feather a large, round,
white spot (‘‘Peacock’s eye’’) clearly defined. Inthe
lighter colored bids, however, this white takes the
form of a band, and if well and clearly defined is of |
equal value. Shafts of feather dark.
Feet.— Bright red but not visible.
Black Satinettes are of the very palest shade (almost white)
with afair lacing all over shoulders. Tail white
with black edging.
Sulphurettes
Thighs.
Are same as above, showing pale sulphur ground color
instead of pale pink, brown on shoulders.
The Brunette.
Is similar to the above, only differing in shade of color,
having a silver-grey tint; the pencillings being of a very
dark red-brown, fawn, or French grey with tail of same.
shade.
The Bluette.
Clear blue shoulders, with white bars edged with black.
Dark blue tail, with white spots edged with black.
The Silverette.
Pale grey shoulders, with white bars edged with the darker
shade. Grey tail, with white spots edged with dark grey.
; The Vizor.
Differs only from the Satinette in that the head should be
dark bronzy purple clear cut to a well defined line running
across the neck, from bottom of gullet to back of crest, divid-
ing the dark colored head from the white. Body, frill, ramp
and legs should be pure white and free from foul feathers;
thighs as little dark as possible. The dark tail clearly shown
at rump, and white primary flights seven to ten.
thered World.)
v ea
(
THE DOMINO.
56 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
The Domino.
Colors.—Black, blue, silver and dun, with and witbout bars?
and chequers of same shades.
Beak.—Black or dark.
Eye.—led and yellow gravel.
Cere.— Flesh color; white body and thighs.
Head,—Colored, *‘which should extend low down in front of
neck, forming a bib, asina Nun.’’ Shoulders and
tail of same sound color all through.
Flights.— White, seven to ten to a side.
Legs.—Clean, free from feathers.
Blondinettes.
Like Satinettes are of various patterns of markings, viz.:
“LACED,’’ ‘‘ARROW-POINTED,”’ “‘SPANGLED”’ and “‘TIPPED,”’
and of various shades and degrees of these from light to dank,
and from fine to heavy. The varieties are: Blue, silver, red,
yellow, black, dun and sulphur. These are of the variegated
or laced kinds; the beaks of which should be black, flesh
and horn to harmonize with each color. Eyes should beicd
or yellow, i. e., a ‘‘colored eye.’’ ‘The head, neck, frills and
tail of a darker shade. Whatever the colvr of each, it must
be of the richest and purest of shade; red, yellow, blue, sil-'
ver or sulphur, and the markings clearly defined. The blue
laced being especially beautiful about the head aud neck,
with arich and brilliant bronzy hue, which sumetimes ter-
minates at junction line of neck and back, and in others a
dark head, as the veil of a Nun. These latter sort are inva-
riably very clear, light and attractive in variegation, the
completeness of which is exemplified ALL OVER, even to neck,
breast, back, belly and thighs. Inathoroughly good laced
Blondinette the bronzy color should permeate the whole
plumage, flights and tail; the latter of which should have
the large round white spot or band clearly defined upon every
feather, while the former also should have an oblong white
spot ateach extremity of flight feather. LEGS AND FEET
grouse feathered to tips of toes.
Barred Blondinettes
Are of plain, clear blue or silver; each sort with clear
white bars, with a fine line of black upon lower edge of each.
Tail and flights with well defined and clear large white spot
ao
on and near to extremity of each. .
oo
ee
THE PIGEON STANDARD. =)
Black and Dun Laced Blondinettes.
These are two sub-varieties, in which the ‘‘LAcIN@’’ proper
is more pronounced and conspicuous. In these, each feather
is evenly edged with its respective colors, varying from heavy
to fine, and from dark to light lacing. Tail and flights fairly
edged throughout, and neck also fairly variegated. Breast,
back, belly, thighs and muffs also edged.
The Turbiteen.
Colors.
Black, dun, red, yellow, blue with black bars,
silver with black and brown bars, blue chequered,
silver chequered, red chequered, red barred and yel-
low barred, all the self colors of. the very deepest
lustre.
Beak.—The upper mandible black and very dark horn, the
lower mandible white.
Eye.—Dark brown, dark ruby and orange,
Cere.—Pale flesh color.
Markings.—DBody, tail, flights and legs white. Colored
head markings and shoulders, They are usually
found very toul thighed, but this should be con-
sidered an imperfection.
Head.—The markings should consist of three equal sized
spots, the frontal one commencing at the wattle aud
covering the forehead, heart shaped; the cheek
spots should extend from the base of the lower man-
dible, underthe eyetothe ear, forming a crescent
shaped oval. There should be a distinct white line
running from beak to eye, dividing the frontal and
cheek spots. Birds with front spot only are admis-
sible.
Gullet.—Should be white, dividing the cheek marks.
Oriental Turbits.
Blacks, blues, silvers, reds, yellows, duns, chequers and
creamies. Each sort should have the sides and shoulders
marked in perfect elliptical form, with their respective colors
deep, rich and pure. Allelse should be white, as in the
English Turbit. There are, however, tw» kinds (both admis-
sible as show birds) viz., white tailed and dark tailed. the
latter sort being the more numerous; but the white tails are
supposed to have been the original.
ARCHANGEL.
=
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 59
THE ARCHANGEL.
Head.—Long and narrow, with gradual curve from front to
back; round skull, showing an easy curve in all
directions; lean face, junction with head to neck
almost imperceptible.
Crest.—Central, needle-pointed, one-fourth to one-half inch
in length, and slightly inclined forward, showing no
mane behind or beneath it.
Beak.—Dove shaped, light brown color, slightly curved at
end with black marking on top of upper mandible
extending from wattle to end of beak, lower man-
dible straight.
Fine in texture and small, showing very little or
no white surface.
Eye and Cere.—Deep orange red; pupil large and clearly
defined, prominent, yet of a rather 1ild expression,
eye cere very simall and fine in texture.
Long, slender, graceful, and slenderest at point of
junction with head, gently widening toward the
shoulders, joining the latter with a giadual curve.
Breast.—Slightly prominent, plain and neat.
Wings.—Long, close to body, and tapering to flights, which
should be narrow in web ot feather, extending to
within half an inch of the end of the tail and meet-
ing tip to tip, gently resting on the tail.
Legs and Feet.—Firm and of good length, shank free from
feathers and covered with fine scales: toes well
separated and long, claws black, legs and feet crimson
in color.
Wattle.
Neck.
Body.—Rather small in size, narrow and slender, and grace-
fully tapering from front to vent, with shoulders well
defined and close to the body.
Color.—Wings, rump and tailrich bronzed black; around
ends of wings and rump teathers are arranged _ bril-
liant metallic colors, changing in hue with every
change of position; tail feathers black, having a
rounded appearance at end; head, neck, belly and
thighs an even, deep, rich copper.
Plumage.—Closc and compact.
Nature.— Rather wild, yet gracetul.
NUN.
( Feathered World.)
anion
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 61
THE NUN.
Shell shaped, wide from side to side and thick from
frout to back, that is from the inner lining to the
outer edge, with curls at its extremities just behind
the ears; high and erect, with full cushion at base
towards the mane, and entire absence of any dark
feathers.
Crest.
Markings.—HerAp Anp Bis to consist of a clean-cut line of
distinction between the dark feathers of the skull at
the back of the crown, as near as can be at the centre
of the curve whence the shell rises, neither extending
into the rise nor being intruded upon either wholly
or in jagged patches towards the crown of the head;
this line of demarcation between the dark head
feathers and the white hood or she]l should just pass
below the side curls, and from these proceed boldly
downwards at the front sides of the neck tothe ex-
tent of about 1} in., at which point the black feath-
ers covering the whole of the space from one side of
the throat to the opposite side, viewed frontways,
blend inwardly in a convex form, constituting a
shaded fall of feathers below the under mandible
termed the ‘“‘bib.’’? This skull and bib marking of
dark feathers should be of the richest depth and
lustre of plumage, either black, red, yellow, dun,
blue or silver, in accordance with the color of the
major flight and tail feathers.
Flights and Tail.—The ten flight feathers in each wing
should be dark, as shuould also be the twelve tail
feathers with the leading coverts above and below
the tail itself.
Skull.—Full in frontal, rising boldly from a Tumbler stop at
the end of the wattle on to the crown of the head,
which should present a convex appearance both when
viewed from the front and sides. The space between
the juncture of the mandibles and eye should be full,
but below the under mandible, downwards, towards
62 THE. \PIGHON> STANDARD.
——
the neck, there should be no appearance of a gullet,
Eye and Cere.—The eyes should be of the most silvery white,
the eye ceres very fine in texture, and black or deep
damson colored.
Small, fine and possesses a delicate white bloom. |
Of medium length and thickness, and of the blackest :
ebony tint and polish in blacks and blues, dark brown
in reds and duns, and pale pink in yellows and sil-
vers. The claw nails should match in color with the
beak of each specimen. a
Legs and Feet.—Darker in coral or purple shades than in
any other fancy pigeon, and free from feathers
below the knee joints, foul hocks or thighs being
discountenanced.
Shape and Size.—Medium structure and proportions rather
larger than the Turbit and smailer than the English
Owl. The neck islong but not slender, the head
being carried very upright; the chest is full and
wide, the shoulders are broad, and the keel is full
but not projecting; the back is straight and sloping
from shoulders to the rump; the pinions are strong
but closely tucked intothe body; the flight and
tail feathers are broad and proportionately long, the
former resting on the latter atthe tips. The whole
shape of the body is of a muscular, wedge-formed
structure.
Wattle.
Beak.
2 er > 2
SYALTAW OWL NVISSOY
SM3IN NSI9ig
NE
iy is We,
04 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE RUSSIAN TRUMPETER.
Size.— Large, about the size of a middling Runt.
Carriage.
Body Feathering.—The feathers of the body profuse in
quantity and proportion, and rather the reverse of
tight fitting.
Flights.—Long and broad, reaching to the tip of the tail.
Rather the reverse of being upright.
Tail.—Loug and quite broad.
Hocks.
Foot Feathering.-—Not only do the foot feathers cover com-
pletely from view the claws and nails of the feet, but
they are so long as almost to justify the title of leg
‘flights’? being bestowed on them; they should
gradually and evenly overlap each other, and when
the bird is standing onthe floor should present an
absolute right-angle projection on either side of the
body to the front view, gracefully tapering off at the
back till the extremities of the feathers rest closely
to the tail.
Rose.—Exactly at the centre of the crown of the head should
appear a profuse tuft of feather, falling like a veil
ali over the head towards frout, back and sides, the
extreme limit of each and all the feathers forming
an unbroken and regular circle extending to the tip
of the beak, to the back of the crown just to the bend
of the shell feathers and all round the head, barely
leaving a chance glance of the eyes visible. It is
most essential that there should be no jagged irreg-
ularity in the fringe of this rose-like feather display.
Heavy, long and extending to the ground.
Shell or Crest.—From ear toear atthe back of the skull,
there should extend a massive, lengthy, well shaped
reversal of feathers in the form of a beautiful shell
or crest, and the larger and fuller this head covering
is, the higher it should be prized.
Eyes.—Kither bright silver or rich orange.
Beak.—Modcrately long.
Wattle and Cere.—Small and fine in texture.
Plumage. — Colors vary from whole whites to whole blacks,
some of the best specimens being rose, saddle and
pinion marked, mottles. There are also grizzles,
blues, reds and yellows.
ee
tpg
Zz ; tL A fe
LLLEZLLTE
—Z
SHOW HOMER.
66 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE SHOW HOMER.
Skull.—Compared with the size of the body, the skull should
present neither an appearance of largeness nor
smallness, it should be rather proportiona/e, and that
without any angle, depression or flatness in any one
point, from whichever aspect it is viewed.
Head.—Lenegth from the tip of the beak to the outer ridge of
the back of the skull should as nearly as possible
compass 23 in.; this space should be sub-divided as
follows:—(1) From the tip of the beak to the root of
the wattle a trifle over one quarter of an inch; (2)
from thence on to the juncture of the mandibles (a
space covered by the nasal organ, itself covered by
the wattle) the measurement should be about three-
quarters of an inch, so that the whole beak and
mouth con-jointly should measure as nearly as pos-
sible one inch; (3) the space between the junction of
the mandibles and the front edging of the eye cere;
this space should not be less than three-eighihs of an
inch. If anything, the head should be rather narrow
than wide. If viewed from above, it should present
an oval or egg formation, the greatest width being
just at the back of the eye, where it should measure °
about one inch across the skull, gradually rounding
off atthe back of the cranium. In shape it should
here be like the wider end of a hen’s egg.
Eyes.—Pearl or silvery white and placed as near as _ possible
on a line with the beak inthe head, the space be-
tween it and the crown of the skull being, if anything,
rather shallow than the reverse.
Eye Cere.
Wattle.—Small and fine in texture and nicely heart-shaped,
not bulging over at the sides or rising out of the
even sweep of the slightly convex line from the tip
of the beak to the feathered frontal bone.
Not thick, but rather of medium substance, both
Cannot be too fine and as dark as possible.
Beak.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 67
mandibles being as nearly as possible of equal thick-
ness and length, the upper one slightly bending
downwards, but the under one very straight, and
showing neither any bend nor appearance of jewing. |
Neck.—While rather narrow at its meeting with the head, it
should gracefully widen out all round, as it tends
down to the shoulders. Clean cut at throat with no
sign of gullet.
Shoulders.— Broad.
Back.— Broad, rather straight than rounded, slightly sloping
downwards from base of neck to tip of tail.
Chest.— Moderately prominent.
Shape of Body.—Of a wedge formation from the chest to the
tip of the tail.
Wing Butts.—Should, like the rest of the wing, fit closely
to the body, not projecting beyond the chest or hang-
ing down below and away from tlie sides of the trunk.
Keel.—The keel or breast bone should be very deep, straight
aud of proport‘onate length.
Legs.—Medium length, the thighs are very muscular and
close set to the body, the shank-bone especially being
muscular, but withal sj arsely and closely feathered,
so that no feathers should extend below the hock
joint. The leg joints trom the hock bones to the
instep and the claws, and thence onward to the black
toe-nails, should be ruby-red and firmly set, showing
not the remotest tendency to either lanky, bowed or
contracted appearances.
Flights.— Broad, short, tightly fitting to each other, and
carried well over the rump towards the tip of the tail.
Tail.—Short, firm in web, and feathers very tightly closed
over each other,
Color.—Of all chequered and barred tints,
68 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE FLYING HOMER.
Chest.—Deep, broad, muscular breast bone, fairly long and
perfectly shaped.
Wings.—Not too long, broad, well covered, thick quills»
sound, no signs of feather rot, no ill-nourished flight
feathers.
Head.— Broad, ample room for brains.
Beak.— Medium in length, fairly stout and strong, but not
too much wattle.
Eyes.—Any bright color, but must have large, prominent
pupils.
Cere.—Darkish tinted and hard.
Legs.—Sturdy, not too long, well feathered down to joints.
Tail.—Not too long and tapering, the wings reaching to
within about half an inch from end of tail. Tail.
body and wings all to beautifully taper off together.
Color.—Any color, but must be bright and shiny, like steel,
especially the flights.
Size.— Rather above the average.
Condition.—Hard, tight fitting plumage; perfectly solid
muscles, not too fat, but hard and heavy feeling
when compressed in the hands.
THE ANTWERP.
Short-faces.— Require a good unbroken rise of ‘‘frontal’’
from the beak and beak wattle to the crown of the
skull.
Medium-faces.—Sbould be ‘‘barrel’’ headed, the formation
of the skull between the wattle over the crown of the
head to the back of the eye being similar in rise and
elongation to the shape of an ordinary beer barrel.
the distance of measurement from the centre of the
eye to the juncture of the mandibles to the front, and
from the same spot tu the outer ridge of the baci
skull, being absolutely equal. This midway position
of the eye is the essential feature of a true medium-
faced Antwerp.
Long-faces.—Ot a totally different formation. The rise of
the face from the spot where it joins the nasal wattle
should be very gradual, showing an even long sweep
from the tip of the beak, over the surface of the
wattle along the muzzle, on to the crown of theskull,
thence gradually sloping off at the back to the head
towards the neck.
a —
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 69
Skull.—Short-faced should be broad; medium-faced of even
medium barrel-like proportion; long-face compara-
tively narrow.
Immediately under the jawbone shuuld be well caved
in, showing not the remotest appearance of a gullet
or throatiness.
Beak.—In short-faces should be as stout, short and as wide
at mouth end as possible; in mediums the thickness
should be, if anything, even greater, fitting well toa
wide, mug-shaped mouth showing a good depth from
the wattle rise tothe jawbone. In long-faces, the
beak cannot be too long or proportionately thick,
but withal of a graceful shape (not downward bent)
well shooting away as far asthe under mandible is
concerned from the jawbone on a line with the eye.
Beak wattle.—Even and well developed, but not bulging
over the sides of the mouth, the top of the beak, or
too high on its approach to the frontal bone.
Eye cere.—Small, evenly laced, and rather fine in texture,
of a sound, deep grey color, showing a little bloom,
but not of a red tint.
Neck.
Eye.—Should in all colors be of a deep gravel-red color.
Body.—The Antwerp is the largest pigeon existing, the Runt
only excepted.
Carriage.—Bold and upright.
Chest.— Wide, fully expanded in the front, well supported
by massive broad shoulders.
Back.—Long and well developed, not absolutely flat, and yet
very far from ‘‘hog’’ shaped. The depth from the
back to the edge of the keel or breast-bone should
be great and proportionate.
Flights and Tail.—Long and broad, the former being well
tucked in and resting at their tips on the latter ata
distance of not Jess than half an inch from the ex-
tremity of the tail.
Legs.—Very muscular from thighs down to the hocks; from
the hocks to the ball of the feet they ure massive,
very straight, and free from all feathers.
Colors.—Silver duns, mealies, red chequers, blues, and blue
and black chequers.
70 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE PARLOR TUMBLER.
Varieties.
Single, Double and Roller.
Performance.
The Single performer should make but one turn, consisting
of a straight backward somersault, (similar to the human
acrobat.) The turn should be ona straight line backward
(not sideways) and at each turn the bird should land square
. on its feet. Performance should be noiseless and free from
fluttering of wings. The Single performer should clear the
floor at each turn, but the closer the better.
The Double performer should make two successive turns
and as noiseless and free from fluttering of wings as possible.
The turns sbould be straight backward (not sideways.) The
bird should clear the floor, but the closer the better, and land
square on its feet.
The Roller performer should make a series or number of
straight backward turns. These turns or somersaults to be
ona straight line backward (not sideways) and as free from
flutter of wings as possible. The performance of the Roller
should be down on the floor, and at no time should the bird
rise high enough to clear the floor while turning. Perform-
ance should be an actual roll on the floor.
Colors.—SELrFs; black, yellow, dun and white. Morries;
red, black, yellow, dun and white. SpLASHEs; red,
black, yellow, dun and white. BLAcK SELF—Colo1
deep and sound showing a green metallic lustre.
Beak black. RrEp SELF—Color deep, sound and even
throughout, with a lustrous, red bronzy hackle show-
ing free from green. Beak flesh color. YELLOw
SELF--Color rich yellow, even throughout, pinkish
bronze hackle showing free from green. Beak flesh
color. DuN SELF-—Vary in shade, but must be clear
and even throughout, either light, dark or medium.
Beak horn color. MorrLes—Color sound and even
throughout. The pinion mottlings to be white and
nearly circular, evenly distributed. Butts free from
THE, PIGEON STANDARD. 71
“white. The back markings should be V shaped, well
and evenly mottled. Beak asin solids. SpLASHES—
Well spangled with white, and color of the variety
all over the body. Wing primaries and tail solid.
Beak as in solids.
Beak.—Close fitting, straight, of medium length.
Wattle.
Neat, fine in texture.
Skull.— Round, rather high in front.
Eye.—Pearl, centrally placed.
Cere.—Small, fine in texture.
Neck.—Medium length, broad at base, tapering to throat.
Body.
Short, stout and wedge shapea, prominent and wide
in chest.
Flights.— Closely set, short and carried on the tail.
Tail.
Legs.—Stout and well set, medium length.
Carriage.
Feather.—Clean, close and tight fitting. -
Closely tulded and wedge shape.
Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.
Disqualifications.—Dark or broken eyes, or feathers below
the hock.
SCANDAROON.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 73
THE SCANDAROON.
Size.— Decidedly large.
Skull.—Should be long, narrow and very arched from the
wattle to the back of the cranium. This arched
peculiarity is continued all along the surface of a
long, rather roovy wattle, and stout, long, beuc beak
both mandibles of which should curve well down-
wards, and be very close fitting; from the tip of the
beak to the back of the head at its juncture with the
neck it should present an elongated semi-circular
outline.
Eye.—-The eye is surrounded by a fleshy, ruby-red cere; in
all whole or self colors, except whites, the iris should
be either pearl or orange in color; in whites and pied
specimens it should be black or ‘bull-eyed.’’
Long and full, but not coarse or projecting beyond
the sweep of profile appertaining to the whole head-
piece.
Long and slender, well scooped out at the throat and
rather arched or swau-like in carriage.
Shoulders.—broad and flat.
Chest.—Wide and full but not prominent, the breast bone
straight and well developed.
Back.—Flat, slightly sloping downwards tothe rump and
tail.
Wing Butts.—Very stout, projecting beyond the chest.
coverts close set to the sides of the body.
Flights.—Rather short, stiong in shafts, tightly folded and
carrie l up over rump, resting on extremities of tail.
Rather short, narrow and carried well clear of the
floor.
Legs.—Long and very muscular, the lower joints of the thigh
being distinctly visible when the bird is standing
upright.
Feathering.—On the neck, shoulders and thighs the feath-
ers should be close fitting, even to scantiness.
Colors.—All solid colors and pied.
Markings.—In pied varieties the lower part of the neck, the
breast, back, rump and tail, as also a saddle cut on
the top of the back across the shoulders, are all of
dark tints, the rest of the plumage being white in
Magpie fashion. The head and upper part of the
neck are also white, with the exception of two
‘‘almond-shaped’’ patches extending from the root
of the under mandible, widening lengthways below
the eye to the ear-holes.
Wattle.
Neck.
Tail.
74 THE PIG EON STANDARD.
THE RUNT.
Size.—Should not measure less than twenty inches from the
tip of the beak to the end of the tail. A long, narrow
bird is most objectionable ; width and compass of
girth must be accompanying points. A Runt twenty
inches in length should measure in girth, 7. e., around
the upper part of the body, at least fourteen. inches.
Wings.—When stretched out to their full limit, should meas-
ure from tip to tip not less than thirty- six inches.
Head.—Of a very massive, dove-shaped character, with a
thick beak of proportionate length, rather downward
in tendency.
Wattle.—Almond-shaped, and, though full, not rough in
texture.
Eye Cere.—Fine and plum-colored, showing a healthy whit-
ish bloom.
Eye.—Rather sunken in the head, the iris should be either
silvery or golden red.
Neck. well cut away
at the throat; no display of anything tending toa
gullet. A wide, but not too prominent, chest isa
yreat feature of excellence.
Back.—Broad, rather ‘‘hog’’ shaped at the upper part, but
very flat as it approaches the rump.
Rather short than long, in proportion to the size of
Legs.
the bird, und be widely set apart.
Carriage.— Upright, not horizontal or ‘‘boaty.”’
Colors. Blacks, reds, mealies, chequers, blues and silvers.
THE ENGLISH TRUMPETER.
The English Trumpeter is generally a pigeon of whole
color, whites, reds and yellows being the most found. They
have an upright carriage; the head is rather coarse Dove-
shaped; the eyes are black, bright orange or pearl. At the
back of the head they have a beak crest, and just above the
wattle the feathers are reversed, bending towards the beak;
this is called the tuft; the feet are heavily feathered, and the
hocks considerably booted.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 75
THE SUABIAN.
The ground color of its plumage is of a dark slate-like hue,
but each of the lesser soft feathers has a proportionately
large or small spot of silvery satin-like tinge at its edging,
giving to the whole body plumage a Jaced and watered-satin
lustre. The minor flights should have a light satin oval
mark in the centre; the major flight featbers are each tipped
with a white satin marking, being distinctly and separately
observable, even when the wing isclosed. The tail is slate
colored, and has a distinct black bar at its tip. Some Suab-
jans are crested; their feet and legs are clear of all feathers
below the hocks. Carriage rather erect; neck slender.
THE HYACINTH.
Much resembles the Suabian in the ground color of its
plumage, but is rather spangled in arrow fashion than laced
on the shoulders; the spangling itself is of a bluish shade—
some specimens have an almond-yellow ground plumage on
the shoulders; the flights and tail are of a dark slate color;
the size of the Hyacinth is rather above the medium propor-
tion; the Jegs are tree from all feathering, and of arich coral
color. Carriage rather erect; neck slender.
THE PORCELAIN.
Closely resembles the Hyacinth; the neck, breast, rump,
and tail and flight feathers are rather darker, while the
shoulders, and especially the wing bars, are very much light-
erin ground; the bars are almost white, delicately edged
with a bluish-black fringe; the feet and legs are bright red
and free from all feathering. Carriage rather erect; neck
slender.
THE STARLING.
Very lustrous, almost black-bodied. A half moon-shaped
crescent marking Gn the breast of a light whitish-grey tinge,
. very lightly spangled or flaked with reddish-black streaks.
The crown of the head and also the sides of the face are very
evenly streaked with brownish splash marks. The bars on
the wings should be clear white, not at all broken or jagged
in edging; the whole of the plumage should reflect a brilliant
lustre. The legs and feet are coral-color, and devoid of
feather.
716 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE CRESCENT OR SWISS.
Closely resembles the Starling in shape and marking, with
the exception that the body ground is of a very pale ashy-
grey color; on the chest it has a rich brown-red crescent, the
wing bars being of the same rich color, standing out very
distinctly from the ground color. Crescents are either plain
leg or booted. The beak is slender and of a pale brown color.
THE BLAZEFACE.
Of all colors, rich in lustre and generally clean legged; the
tail feathers from the rump downwards to the tips are snow
white, as are also the two wing bars; the rump and the
whole of the rest of the body are dark in _ color.
The blaze mark from which they derive their name consists
of a well defined white oblong spot of feathers just over the
wattle, extending about a quarter of an inch in length, and
about one-eighth of an inch in width, exactly in the centre
of the forehead; the beak is slender and dark in color.
THE FIRE PIGEON.
The Fire Pigeon much resembles the Blazeface in that it
has asimilar white tail, and occasionally has also a like
white spot over the wattle. The whole ot the body plumage
is aspangled mixture of grizzled and laced dazzling rich red
spangling ona lustrous black underground; either grouse
muffed or feather legged.
THE HELMET.
The whole of the body coloring is white, with the exception
of the lower part of the rump and tail, and particularly the
crown of the head, which, ata direct line from the juncture
of the mandibles to the back of the skull drawn just across
the lower eyelid, should be dark in color, forming a helmet-
like covering tothe head. These helmet and tail markings
are of all colors and shades. The Helmet is a clean-legged
pigeon. The under mandible of the beak should be white
like the body color, the upper mandible should be dark in
shade according tothe color of the helmet marking; eyes
should be silvery white.
THE, SPOT.
The Spot resembles the Helmet in all points but two—the
eyes of Spots are generally bull or black; the head, or rather
face marking, should not in size, extending from the wattle,
be much larger than a large pea; it should also be as round
as possible. Spots are generally clean legged, but, if foot
feathered, the latter should be of the same color as the tail
and spot marking.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. a4
THE ICE PIGEON.
Some are spangled on a very pale blue ground, others are
laced, some neither the one northe other; but in all cases
the wing bars are very graccfully edged with a black or blue
trimming. The flight and tail feathers are more or less dark,
with a dark bar across the tip ot the tail. The eyes are fiery
red, surrounded by the thinnest of eye ceres; the beak is
slender and jet black. The Ice pigeon is sometimes clean
legged, sometimes heavily foot tcathcred.
THE PRIEST.
In plumage the greund color is of all shades, the blue be-
ing most common, but reds, blacks, yellows and silvers are
frequently met with, and nowand again very prettily spangled
and chequer-shuulder specimens are seen. The markings
consist of white skulls or ‘‘pates;’’ the line of separation
between the body color and the crown of the head is from a
poiut where the mandibles meet, passing in clean-cut fashion
on a line with the lower part of the eye cere, and rising to
the base of the crown of the head atthe back. The upper
mandible is white, the under one of a dark color, The wing
bars in all colors are snow white, in some specimens the bar
across the tip of the tailis also white. The Priest is shell-
crested, the shell extending from ear to ear; the eyes are
black or ‘‘bull eyed;’’ itis grouse muffed on the legs to the
instep of the foot. The principal feature of the Priest is,
however, its nasal tuft; this is a cluster of feathers just over
the wattle, growing the reverse way to those of any other
variety of pigeons:- these feathers are long, very soft, and
curl close and tightly above each other.
THE LATZ.
The Latz has a shell crest; itis white in body plumage,
with the exception of the head, bib, chest and tail, which.
are black, red or yellow, etc. The most remarkable feature
of the Latz is the possession of a long chain of loose reversed
feathers extending from the crest down each side of the neck;
the eyes are pearl colored, and the feet free from feathering.
THE TIGER.
The reason for its ferocious name is its striped plumage
sovering. Foot feathering is very profuse, some of the longer
feathers measuring fully five inches, and evenly overlapping
each other. Lines of dark feathers should ee in Mure oF
less regular formation all over the white ground color; the
flight feathers, both lesser and major, as well as those of the
tail, should be alternately white and dark in shade, this
arrangement of color extending especially to the toot feath-
ering. Tigers are shell crested.
id@
78 THE PIGEON STANDARD.
THE FRILLBACK.
It is dove headed, thin in eye cere and wattle, slender in
beak, cobby in build; but very evenly grouse muffed on the
legs, and possesses a most remarkable arrangement of evenly
reversed feathers all over the wing covering and saddle of
the back; these feathers increase in the amount of frilling
from the shoulders to the coverts of the lesser flights, in the
former evenly arranged curls falling one over the other in
most symmetrical fashion. Frillbacks are of all colors, from
pure whites to jet blacks.
THE SPOT SWALLOW.
Similarly marked on the wings and flights to the Swallow»
but no dark feathers covering the crown of the head. It has
a spot or ‘‘snip’’ of black or dark shaded feathers over the
waitle on the front of the face, instead of the *‘cap”’ covering
the head. In addition to the shoulders being of dark color,
the whole of the lengthy foot feathering should also be of the
same culor as the shoulder marking. Of whatever shoulder
color Spot Swallows may be, the wing bars, excepting those
with spangled shoulders, must be snow white and very clearly
defined in bar edging. Some are spangled or laced on the.
wing coverts; if so, the flight feathers shuuld each be tipped
with an oval white spot. The eyes are daik in culer, and
the upper mandible either black or horn color, according to
the lighter or darker shade of the wing color plumage.
THE SHIELD.
Its shoulder covering should be dark in color, on an other-
wise completely white-feathered body. ‘fhe Shield is shell
crested and possesses a wonderful amount of foot feathering,
white in color, very lengthy in proportion, and regularly
overlapping one feather over the other.
THE FLORENTINE.
Very long in legs, short in toes, long and swan-like even
to excess in neck, and short and cocked in tail, like Jenny
Wren, short and roundish in body, and very prominent in
chest, rather coarse shaped and long in head and beak; the
flight feathers are short and carried well over the rump to-
wards the uprising tail; in plumage it is of all colors, though
whole whites, blacks and mottled blacks are the most com-
mon. They sometimes have a peculiar distorted and tremu-
ous action.
THE PIGEON STANDARD. 719
thE SWikt.
Head is rather round and full; the beak short and stout;
the eyes of adeep red color; the throat is devoid of all
appearance of a gullet; the neck is thick and cobby, support-
ed by broad shoulders and a prominent, tull chest; the back
islong and flat; the space trom the surface of the back to
the front end of the breast-bone or keel shows a considerable
depth, the breast-bune being rather long and very straight.
The thighs are strong and muscular. In color, Swifts are of
an ashy powdery shade from the base of the neck downwards;
the neck itself is very lustrous, and varies in richness of color
from almond to dun tints, in proportion as the body is of
dark ashy hue or of pale silvery dun tint.
THE DAMASCENE.
In size and structure it greatly resembles the English Owl.
Its head is round, rather short and full in front; the beak is
short, thick and black; the upper mandible being slightly
curved; the eye is rather centrally placed, and is of a deep
gravel color, surrounded by a thin very dark eye cere, even
of a dark damsou tinge. In plumage, the outer surface pre-
sents a clear, light, silvery-blue shade, extending from the
head all over the neck, back, shoulders, chest, belly, thighs
and rump, thle tail having a deep black bar at its tip, and the
shoulders having two very distinct ebony bars, the flights
being also as nearly black as possible. ‘The flight feathers
are moderately long, as is also the tail. The Damascene has
a gullet but no frill.
THE DEWLAP.
It is generally of blue ground color; black barred on wings
and tail; in build rather cobby, like the English Owl, but
somewhat larger in size; it should have rather a stout, short
beak and gravel colored eyes. Its most striking point is its
enormous gullet, which extends from the immediate base ot
the under mandible fully one inch in length down towards
the breast; it is also much deeper than that of ordinary
gulleted pigeons. The markings consist of a white narrow
snip of feathers like that of the ‘‘Blazetace,’’ just over the
wattle, and of two triangular white patches on either side of
the neck, about three-quarters of an inch below the eyes.
The ten major flight feathers are also white. The whole of
the rest of the body plumage is of one color excepting the
bars in blues and silvers.’ The upper mandible should be as
near white as possible. the under one black. The legs are
devoid of all feathers below the hock joints, and should be
very coral-red in color.
SO THE PIG EON STANDARD,
THE CAPUCHIN.
Rather small in bodily proportions, erect and sprightly in
carriage. Broad shell crest at the back of the head extend-
ing from ear to ear, but fitting very closely, compactly and
evenly to the skull. The head is round and full at the front;
ae beak short and of moderate substance, and black in col-
>; the wattle is white and fine in texture; the eye cere is
thin and dark in color; the iris of the eye is of the most
silvery white. ‘The whole of the body plumage is of the must
lustrous dark shade, generally of ebony black, with the ex-
ception of the tail and tail coverts, from a line clean cut at
the base of the rump, which to the tip of the feathers should
be of the purest white. Besides all whole colors there are
also barred blues and silvers.
THE MOOKEE.
Is a pigeon of peculiar bodily action; the head and neck
are in constant motion. With the exception of the crown of
the head, extending from the juncture of the mandibles in a
straight line with the eyes to the back of the cranium, which
is white, and the two or three extreme flight feathers, which
are also white, the whole body of the Mookee is generally of °
lustrous black or red ground color; the carriage is erect, the
back of the head ornamented with a very close fitting pointed
peak; the eyes are black. the upper mandible of the beak
should be white, the lower one black.
THE ANCIENT.
In flight it has the action of the Tumbler; in motion it has
a slight vibration of the neck, as the Fantail; in skull forma-
tion it has the frontal of the Turbit; in beak it has an ap-
proach to the substance of the Owl; in eye cere it has the
red fleshy substance of the Barb; in iris it equals the bright-
ness of the Cumulet; in foot feathering it vies with the
choicest of Oriental Frills; in marking it is as evenly pied
and cut as the Magpie; in bib or crescent it is as distinctly
oval marked as the Pouter is crescent shaped; in depth and
lustre of neck, chest, saddle, rump and tail color it approaches
the Archangel; in body structure and uprightness of carriage
it is as compact as the Homer; in hardness and closeness of
feather second not even to the choicest Dragoon; in constitu-
tion as hardy as a Rock; in disposition as merry as a Cropper.
It is found in all colors.
African Owl,
Archangel,
Antwerp,
Ancient,
Barb,
Brunette,
Bluette,
Blondinette,
Blazeface,
Cropper, Norwich
Clean Leg Tumbler,
Carrier,
Chinese Owl,
Crescent,
Capuchin,
Dragoon,
Domino,
Damascene,
Dewlap,
English Carrier,
English Owl,
Fantail,
Fairy Swallow,
Flying Homer,
Fire Pigeon,
Frillback,
Florentine,
Homer, Flying
Homer, Show
Hyacinth,
Helmet,
Ice Pigeon,
Jacobin,
Latz,
Magpie,
Muffed Tumbler,
Mookee,
Under.
56-57
Norwich Cropper,
Nun, ‘
Owl, English
Owl. African
Owl, Chinese
Oriental Frills,
Oriental Turbits,
Pouter,
Pigmy Pouter,
Pouter, Bruner
Parlor Tumbler,
Porcelain,
Priest,
Runt,
Short Face Tumbler,
Swallow,
Satinette,
Sulphurette,
Silverette,
Show Homer,
Scandaroon,
Suabian,
Starling,
Swiss.
Spot, :
Spot Swallow,
Shield,
Swift,
Tumbler, Short Face
Tumbler, Clean Leg
Tumbler, Muffed
Tumbler, Parlor
Tippler,
Turbiteen,
Trumpeter, Russian
Trumpeter, English
Tiger, j
Vizor,
Index.
: T
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