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NUARY 

1945 


Cofolin  is  color— gem-like  color,  rising  to 
its  fullest  surface  expression  from  bottom- 
less depths. 

It  is  this  about  Catolin  that  inspires  the 
jewelry  designer.  No  other  material  brings 
him  so  close  to  the  ruby,  emerald,  sap- 
phire or  topaz.  Catalin  is  exquisite  -  is 
imbued  with  the  fire  and  highlights  found 
only  in  minerals  and  semi-precious  stones. 


And  no  other  material  responds  so 
readily  to  the  jeweler's  craft.  Catalin,  in 
sheets,  rods,  tubes  or  custom  castings  can 
be  machined  as  easily  as  brass  or  wood 
on  ordinary  shop  equipment. 

The  tremendous  acceptance  Catalin  and 
Loalin'  have  already  won  in  beauty's 
field  is  still  but  a  prelude  -  the  real 
applause  is  yet  to  come,  and  shortly. 
In  that  we  are  certain  they  can  prove 
helpful,  the  members  of  Catalin's  staff 
invite  the  opportunity  to  plan  now  with 
manufacturers  and  product  designers. 


CATALIN  CORPORATION  •  ONE  PARK  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 

CAST  8ESINS   •  'MOLDING  COMPOUNDS   •   UOUID  RESINS 
Cililm  ind  Loilm  an  Rejisttied  Iftdeiwks 


H-P-M  INJECTION  MACHINES 

Are  Engineered  to  Meet  AH 
Production  Molding  Requirements 


Molders  who  have  employed  H-P-M 
"All-Hydraulic"  injection  machines 
during  this  busy  wartime  period 
know  that  H-P-M  machines  are  de- 
signed for  continuous,  74-hour-a- 
day  production.  There  are  many 
reasons  why,  but  here  are  two  which 
are  Important:— 

I.  H-P-M  injection  machines  are  de- 
signed and  built  by  a  pioneer 
builder,  with  14  years  injection 
machine  experience,  and  68 
years  experience  in  building 
hydraulic  machinery. 


2.  Injection  machines  are  dependent 
upon  their  hydraulic  components 
—pumps,  valves,  controls.  Each  of 
these  units  is  designed  and  built 
by  H-P-M.  This  unity  of  origin  and 
manufacture  of  both  operating 
equipment  and  machine  not  only 
assure  coordinated  functioning, 
but  also  undivided  responsibility 
to  the  user. 

H-P-M  injection  machines  will  solve 
your  molding  problems.  There  is  a 
size  for  every  production  require- 
ment. Write  today  for  details. 


THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO. 
Mount  Gilead,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 

BfincS  Officw— N«w  York.    fh.Ud.lp>.;.     D.troit.   CV.C.qo 

R*pr«Mfttat!v«l  in  Principal  Citi«l 

•VUhHr*«*<"  —  ©  H-r-M  C«. 


'SOLO 


ADAPTABILITY 

...used  to  doing 
the  unusual 


Does  some  part  of  the  product  you 
make  present  an  unusual  problem? 
You  are  under  no  obligation  when 
you  ask  our  consultant  service  for 
help.  Our  engineering  thinking  and 
our  machines  are  both  adapted  to 
doing  the  unusual.  And  chances  are 
that  a  cold-forged  part  will  be  more 
economical  for  you. 


This  Decimal  Equiva- 
lents trail  chart  is  accu- 
rate to  four  places  and 
signalled  in  three  colors. 
Yours  at  no  cost  or  obli- 
gation. Just  send  us  your 
name,  title  and  address. 


-  S-    -  5- 
"•1= 


See  our  Catalog  in 
Sweet's  File  for  Product 
Designers. 


JOHN  NASSAU,  INC. 

Specialists  in  Cold-Forging  Since  1850 

160  Clay  Street,  Brooklyn  22,  N.  Y. 


SPECIAL  NOUS  SIViTS  SCR! « 


Hassall 


CjiO      N      T      E      N      T      S 

JANUARY   1945  VOLUME  2        NUMBER  I 

FEATURES 

Designing  for  Plastics W.  B.  Petrold  21 

Plasticizers — Their  Use  and  Limitations Leonard  F.  Pinto  24 

Improved  Techniques  for  Band-Sawing 

Pla$t!cs H.  J.  Chamberland  30 

Testing  Aids  Product  Development J.  R.  Tucker  34 

Plastics  for  Terrazzo  Flooring Hendry  L.  Bart  36 

Vinylite  for  Cable  Coverings 33 

The  Silicones — A  New  Plastics  Family  40 

Nameplates— for  War  and  Post-War B.  W.  Reich  46 

Plastics  Ride  the  Rails Kenneth  R.  Porter  48 

Plastics  as  Teaching  Aids Gilbert  C.  Close  52 

Practical  Aspects  of  Radio  Frequency  Pre- 

Heating Charles  H.  Franh  56 

Shaping  Plastics  with  Formrite  Tools F.  C.  Gladeck,  Jr.  60 

Standardizing  Plastics  66 

Highlights  of  the  SPI  Fall  Conference William  Schack  72 

DEPARTMENTS 


Plastics   in    Perspective 16 

On  the  Drafting  Board 55 

Plastics   at  Work 68 

Capital    Report   84 

Engineering   News   Letter....  85 


Industry    Highlights 88 

People    92 

What's   New  in    Plastics?....  95 
Literature     Review 99 

Association    Activities 1 0 1 


Plastics  Overseas 102 

FRONT  COVER:   Drilling  operation  to   relieve  the  sprue   in 
an  Injection  molding  machine  at  Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  New  York 


B.  6.  DAVIS 

General  Manager 


WILLIAM    SCHACK 
East  Coas<  Editor 

DAVID  GOODMAN 
Associate  Editor 

HERMAN  R.  BOLLIN 
Art  Director 


WILLIAM  1.  ZIFF 
Publisher 


C.  R.  TI6HE 

Assistant  to  Publisher 


MICHAEL  H.  FROELICH 
Editor 

GAITHER  LITTRELL 
West  Coast  Editor 

HARRY  McCORMACK 

Technical  Editor 

H.  J.  MORGANROTH 

Production  Director 

GEORGE  8ERNER 
Advertising  Director 


FRED  HAMLIN 

Washington  Editor 

FRANK  ROSS 
Staff  Photographer 

H.  G.  STRONG 

Circulation  Director 


COPYRIGHT   1945 

ZIFF-DAVIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Editorial  Offices.  540  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago  II.  III. 

PLASTICS  ll  published  monthly  by  Zlff-Oavls  Publishing  Company.  540  N.  Michigan 
Ave..  Chicago  II.  III.  Eastern  Advertising  Manager,  James  Cerbone.  Empire  state 
Bldg.,  New  York  I.  N.  Y.  Roy  E.  Llnder.  Midwest  Advertising  Manager,  540  N.  Mich- 
igan Ave..  Chicago  II,  III.  Western  Advertising  Manager,  William  L.  Plnney.  815  S. 
Hill  St.,  Los  Angeles  14.  Calif.  Canadian  Advertising  Representative,  G.  J.  McGoey, 
21  King  St.,  East,  Toronto.  London  Advertising  Representative,  J.  Forecast,  Newspaper 
Representations.  Ltd.,  231-232  Strand,  London,  W.  C.  2.  Washington,  D.  C.  Office.  Int'l 
Building.  SUBSCRIPTION  RATES:  In  U.  S..  Mexico,  South  and  Central  America, 
and  (J.  S.  Possessions,  12  issues,  S5.00:  24  issues.  $8.00;  In  Canada.  12  issues,  $5.50: 
24  issues,  $9.00:  In  British  Empire,  12  issues,  $6.00.  All  other  foreign  tountrlos.  12 
issues.  $8.00.  Subscribers  should  allow  two  weeks  for  change  of  address.  Address  all 
subscription  letters  to  the  Director  of  Circulation,  PLASTICS.  540  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago  II.  III.  Entered  at  Chicago,  Illinois  post  office  under  Regulation  573:  acceptance 
under  the  act  of  June  5,  1934:  authorized  May  12.  1944.  Contributors  should  retain  copy 
of  contributions.  All  submitted  material  must  contain  return  postage.  Contributions 
•  ill  be  handled  with  reasonable  care,  but  this  magazine  assumes  no  responsibility  for 
their  safety.  Accepted  material  is  subject  to  adaptations  and  revisions  to  meet  editorial 
requirements.  Payment  covers  all  authors',  contributors'  and  contestants'  rights,  title, 
and  Interest  in  and  to  the  material  accepted  and  will  be  made  at  our  current  rates  upon 
acceptance.  All  photos  and  drawings  are  considered  part  of  material  purchased. 


Simple  Lay-Dps  Cure 
to  Complicated  Shapes . . . 


Whether  you  use  fluid  pressure,  high  pressure,  flash  or 
transfer  molds,  CO-RO-LITE* — the  ready-to-mold  thermo- 
setting  compound — will  give  you  compound  curves,  deep 
draws,  angles,  channels  and  large  shells  with  marked 
economy  in  preparation,  lay-up  and  curing  time.  No  matter 
what  the  shape  or  size  of  the  piece,  CO-ROUTE'S  long, 
resilient  rope  fibres  assure  continuous,  interlocking  re-en- 
forcement in  every  part  of  the  molding.  Re-enforcement  so 
light  and  so  tough  that  it  imparts  great  impact,  flexural, 
compressive  and  tensile  strength  in  a  wide  range  of  densities 
comparable  to  wood. 

Let  our  technical  experts  and  industrial  de- 
signers help  you.  CO-RO-LITE*  provides  valu- 
able physical,  chemical,  design  and  pilot-plant 
service.  Just  tell  us  your  problem  and  we'll  go  to 
work  on  it.  Write  today  for  our  latest  engineering 
and  manufacturing  handbook  giving  the  proper- 


*Proff»n  patented: 
rfffistered   in    V.  S 


trademark 
.   I'al.   Off. 


ties,  requirements  and  advantages  of  Co-Ro-Lite*. 


COLUMBIAN    ROPE    COMPANY 

AUBURN,  "The  Cordage  City,"  N.  Y. 


Canadian   Licensee,  Canadian   Bridge   Engineering  Company   Ltd., 
Box    157,    Wolkcrville,    Ontario,    Canada 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


(Can  you  name  the  plastic  part* 
of  this  "cow"?  See  chart  In- Inn: 


How  to  milk  more  efficiency  out  of  your  product 


No  need  to  beef  over  the  prob- 
lem of  bringing  out  a  new  product 
or  improving  an  old  one.  Conti- 
nental's Plastics  Division,  uiili 
years  of  experience  in  planning  and 
producing  a  wide  variety  of  suc- 
cessful plastic  products,  can  give 
you  a  good  steer. 

Our  designers,  engineers  and  re- 
search men  are  in  close  touch  with 
the  foremost  manufacturers  of  raw 
materials,  and  will  work  with  them 
to  select  the  plastic  best  fitted  for 
your  requirements.* 


No  matter  which  modern  fabri- 
cating techniques  your  product 
requires  —  compression,  injection, 
extrusion,  lamination  or  sheet  form- 
ing— it  will  be  handled  in  the  most 
efficient  and  economical  way. 

You  can  count  on  Continental  to 
give  your  product  the  exact  fea- 
tures it  should  have — beauty,  dura- 
bility, lightness,  toughness  or  any- 
thing else.  You'll  find  an  alert,  pro- 
gressive organization  equipped  to 
offer  sound,  practical  advice  and 
assistance  at  all  times! 


CAN    COMPANY,    INC. 

HEADOUARTERS:    Cambridge,    Ohio 

Sales  Representatives  In  all 
Principal  Cities, 


COMPRESSION-  INJECTION  •  EXTRUSION 
SHEET   FORMING  •  LAMINATION 


(o)  Air  scoop  mounting — compression;  (b)  Battery  cose — injec- 
tion; (c)  Dust  cover — sheet  formed;  (d)  Mouthpiece  for  phone — 
compression;  (e)  Gunner's  handles — compression;  (f)  Nursery 
dish — compression;  (g)  Flashlight  I  enses — injection;  (h)  Electrical 
cap^-compression;  (i)  Power  switch  lever — compression;  (j) 
Ribbon  cover — compression;  (k)  Trigger  for  gun  handle — com- 
pression; (I)  Distributor  cap — compression. 


*To  give  you  the  best  in  plastics  service,  Continental  has 
acquired  Reynolds  Molded  Plastics  of  Cambridge,  Ohio.  The 
facilities  of  this  pioneer  organization  combined  with  Conti- 
nental's extensive  resources  form  a  Plastics  Division  capable 
of  designing,  engineering  and  producing  the  widest  range  of 
plastic  products  for  manufacturers  and  designers. 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Thinner  than  a  fairy's  wing 
.yet  adds  can't  hurt  it! 

'f 


£. 


• 


m 


With  C7BOI1  it's  the  combination  of  properties  that  counts 


'"T'HAT  flexible  plastic  film  in  the  picture  is  4/1000 
JL  of  an  inch  thick.  Yet  it  remains  unaffected  even  by 
nitric  acid.  That's  because  it's  made  from  one  of  the 
GEONS,  a  new  group  of  polyvinyl  materials  whose 
long  list  of  unusual  properties  includes  resistance  to 
acids  and  other  corrosive  chemicals. 

But  one  property  is  important  chiefly  in  its  relation- 
ship to  other  properties.  That's  why  we  say,  with 
GEON  it's  the  combination  of  properties  that  counts. 
Examine  this  list.  Try  to  imagine  the  thousands  of  com- 
binations that  can  be  obtained  from  it. 

Products  of  GEON  can  be  made  resistant  to  water, 
oil,  grease,  acids,  alkalies,  sunlight,  cold,  heat,  aging, 


air,  ozone,  abrasion,  flame,  mildew,  creasing  and  many 
others.  They  may  be  permanently  flexible,  waterproof, 
light  weight,  odorless,  tasteless.  They  can  be  made  in 
a  wide  range  of  colors.  And  they  can  be  heat  sealed. 

GEON  can  be  extruded,  pressure  or  injection  mold- 
ed. It  can  be  calendered  or  cast  into  sheet  or  film.  It 
may  be  used  as  a  coating  for  textiles  and  papers  of  all 
kinds.  Its  almost  limitless  applications  extend  into  the 
plastics,  packaging,  textile,  food,  rubber,  paper,  cloth- 
ing, shoe  and  many  other  fields.  Probably  many  of  its 
most  important  applications  have  yet  to  be  developed. 

Right  now  all  the  GEONS  are  subject  to  allocation 
by  the  War  Production  Board.  Limited  quantities  may 
be  had  for  experiment.  And  our  development  staff  and 
laboratory  facilities  are  available  to  help  you  work  out 
any  special  problem  or  applications.  For  more  com- 
plete information  write  Department  UU-1,  Chemical 
Division,  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company,  324  Rose 
Building,  E.  Ninth  and  Prospect,  Cleveland  15,  Ohio. 

CHEMICAL  DIVISION 

THE  B.  F.  GOODRICH  COMPANY 

IOSI   BUILDING,    I.    NINTH    *    PIOSMCT,   CLIVILAND    IS,  OHIO 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


"TH/S  AD  Wilt 
S£  A  KHOCK-OlfT" 


But  We'll  Have 
To  Hold  It  'Til 
After  tke  War" 


Remember?  A  bake  shop  full  of  good  things  .  .  . 
Two  small  fry  with  their  noses  flat  against  the  window? 
Clutched  in  their  grimy  fists  a  couple  of  priceless  pennies, 
Eyes  as  big  as  saucers,  thinking  of  what  they  could  do 
If  they  could  only  be  turned  loose  among  trie  cakes? 


Well,  that's  us  roughly  speaking,  very  roughly. 
Civilian  business  flooding  the  market, 
Luscious  items  offered  almost  hourly, 
Afraid  our  competitors  will  outsmart  us. 


No,  Mr.  Copyrighter,  Hold  That  Ad. 
We're  grown  up  now  and  part  of  a  nation  at  war. 
If  all  we  had  to  worry  about  was  our  own 
Stomach-ache  we  might  take  a  chance. 


Unfortunately,  it's  a  national  stomach-ache 
We  are  staving  off. 
No  civilian  ads  for  the  duration  .  .  . 
But  .  .  .  we'll  send  you  a  Ready  Reference  for  Plastics 
If  you  write  us  on  your  letterhead  .  .  . 
And  hope  you'll  welcome  us — After  the  War. 
V-E  and  V-J— R.I.P. 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS,    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS.    OF    MOST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     -     NEW  JERSEY     •     Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 


NEW         YORK 


Chanm  Bldg..  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N.  Y..  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


They  said  it  couldn't  be  done  —  but  the  Kuhn 
&  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Company  of  Trenton, 
New  Jersey  did  it  ...  with  Megatherm! 

All  previous  attempts  to  compression-mold  this 
heater-coupling  with  ordinary  methods  of  pre- 
form beating,  had  resulted  in  rejection  ratios  as 
lii^li  as  99  to  1.  Because  of  its  large  size,  irregular 
shape,  and  variable  thickness,  it  posed  a  difficult 
production  problem. 

But  i In-  high-speed  uniform  heating  of  the 
rag-filled  resin-bonded  preform  with 
Mcgatherm  electronic  heat  resulted  in 


flawless  finished  couplings  with  a  smooth  surface 
and  minimum  flash  that  passed  rigid  inspection 
tests  100%. 

Here  is  another  proof  that  Megatherm  can  do 
the  job  better  .  .  .  not  only  in  production 
problems  involving  large  parts,  irregular  shapes, 
and  variable  thicknesses,  but  in  run-of-the-mill 
operations. 

And  as  a  result,  more  and  more  plastic  pro- 
cessors are  installing  Megatherm  .  .  .  the 
modern  tool  for  modern  industry.  Get  tin- 
story  on  Megatherm  now. 


•^••a  m 

Federal  Telephone  and  Radio^brporatiort 


•Re».  IT.  S.  P.I. 


INDUSTRIAL     ELECTS 


DIVISION 


JAM  ARY    1915 


PLASTICS 


Up-to-date 
ANSWERS 

TO  YOUR 

Plastic  Problems 


The  whirlwind  progress  in  plastics  poses  some 
problems  for  the  user,  or  the  prospective  user. 
Materials  and  processes  for  telephone  parts  differ 
vastly  from  those  used  on  bicycles  .  .  .  and  a 
handle  for  an  iron  calls  for  different  characteristics 
than  demanded  by  a  water  flask  for  a  soldier. 

This  is  where  experience  counts,  and  the  right 
equipment  to  turn  out  the  parts  accurately 
and  economically.  At  General  Industries,  we  have 
both.  And  we  keep  up  to  date  in  our  engineering 
and  with  our  machinery. 

That's  why  it  might  be  wise  for  you  to  consult 
with  General  Industries  if  you  have  a  problem 
in  plastics.  We  don't  pretend  to  know  all  there  is 
to  know  about  plastics;  but  we  believe  we  have,  in 
our  group  of  men,  enough  combined  experience 
and  initiative  to  meet  any  molding  problem  that 
can  be  met — and  some  that  other  folks  feel  might 
be  impossible. 

Our  capacity  for  service  is  extensive.  We  are 
one  of  the  really  LARGE  CAPACITY  MOLDERS 
in  the  country.  That  means  we  can  handle 


large  moldings  as  well  as  smaller  ones.  We  do 
compression,  transfer  and  injection  molding,  in  all 
plastic  materials  moldable  by  these  processes. 

We  prefer  to  make  our  own  molds  and  assume 
complete  responsibility  for  the  quality  of  the 
work,  as  well  as  for  its  prompt  delivery. 

We'll  be  glad  to  discuss  the  use  of  molded 
plastics  for  your  products  or  parts.  There's  a 
wealth  of  experience  here  that  you  can  call  on, 
and  get  prompt  and  reliable  answers.  No  obliga- 
tion, of  course. 


THE 


MOLDED       I  PLASTICS 


Molded  Plastics  Division 


Chicago:  Phone  Central  8431 
Detroit:  Phone  Madison  214S 


•      Elyria,  Ohio 

Milwaukee:  Phone  Daly  6818 
Philadelphia:  Phone  Camden  2215 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


FOR  YOUR  PLASTIC  FABRICATING- 


A  new  world  of  products  for  better  living  is  in  the  making.  With  its 
enlarged  facilities  for  fabricating,  forming  and  drawing  of  plastics,  dura 
will  be  ready  to  help  you  meet  the  demand  for  new  and  improved  products. 
Our  war-time  experience  in  production  of  cowlings,  "dura"  welded 
cylinders,  instrument  dials,  electronic,  aviation  and  shipbuilding  parts  to 
meet  the  most  exacting  specifications,  will  be  at  your  service.  This 
experience  will  help  you  plan  now  for  peace-time. 

NOW    IS    THE   TIME   TO    CONSULT    DURA 


dura  plastics. 


inc.  1   WEST  34  STREET.  NEW  YORK  1.  N.  Y. 


Custom  fabricafing  specialists  fo  the  aw'afion,  electronic  and  shipbuilding  industries. 


J  \MAKV    1945 


PLASTICS 


11 


Do  you  use  the  hot-pin  systems-just  put  a  hat  ptn 
through  the  nearest  directory?  Do  you  select  your 
molder  by  his  looks? 

You  probably  don't  do  either.  You  probably  look  for 
a  molder  who  can  give  you  some  help  in  selecting  a 
material.  One  who  can  design  a  decent  mold.  One 
who  can  mold  your  parts  to  fit  your  blueprints  and 
meet  your  schedules. 

We  think  we  can  fill  those  requirements.  We  also  have 
the  additional  selling  point  of  3  complete  and  sep- 
arately located  plants  to  handle  large  national  or  small 
local  orders.  Our  name  is  Mack  Molding  Company.  Our 
plants  are  located  at  Wayne,  New  Jersey;  Arlington, 
Vermont;  Waterloo,  P.  Q.,  Canada. 


MOLDED 
EXCELLENCE 


12 


SUES  OFFICES   Kf  TIII  cur.  cncftti  V  onion.  INOIIMMUS  itsm  ST .mis 

PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


ASSEMBLY  OF 


""" 


peril. 


UvC^  'n  he°*^ 

caused  by 


XA/IDELY  used  prior  to  the  war  and  now  being  used  extensively  on  war 
^  materials,  "J"  nuts  will  be  in  still  greater  demand  for  peacetime  pro- 
duction. For  "J"  nuts  are  a  faster  and  more  economical  means  for  blind  loca- 
tion fastening.  Quickly  snapped  by  hand  into  screw-receiving  position,  they 
do  away  with  expensive  welding,  riveting,  and  staking.  Their  spring  tension 
lock  assures  a  positive  fastening  that  eliminates  vibrafion  loosening — and 
has  sufficient  resiliency  to  prevent  damage  to  enamel,  plastic  or  glass. 

"J"  type  SPEED  NUTS  can  be  designed  into  your  products  ...  let  us  show 
you  how  they  will  simplify  and  speed  up  your  assembly  and  reduce  costs. 
Send  us  your  assembly  details  and  we'll  gladly  rush  samples. 

TINNERMAN        PRODUCTS,      INC. 

2127    FULTON     ROAD,    CLEVELAND    13,    OHIO 

In  Canada:  Wallace  Bainei  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hamilton,  Ontario 
In    England:     Simmandi    AtroctuorUt,     Ltd.,     London 


FASTEST 


THING 


I  N 


PAST 


•|.«<.  M«rt  •«•  U  S.  r«.  OH. 

E    N    I    N    C    S 


THE    BASIC    PRINCIPLE 

of  Spring  -Tontion  Lock  ii 
Embodied  in  all  Spocd  Nut  D»iigni 


JAM  ARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


13 


RAINWEAR  for  soldiers  ...  or 
WATERPROOFED  FABRICS  for  the  younger  generation 


There  are  practically  no  limits  to  the 
versatility  of  our  fabric  coating  fa- 
cilities. 

Today  our  plants  are  turning  out 
millions  of  yards  of  heavy  duty  fab- 
rics, uniformly  proofed  against  water 
and  many  other  fabric  destroying 
elements. 

Tomorrow's  production  may  be 
yards  of  soft,  non-allergic  cottons 
for  sanitary  sheetings  or  baby  clothes 
— or  thousands  of  yards  of  tough, 
swanky  simulated  leather  upholster- 
ies— or  simply  waterproofing,  with 
clear  filmy  plastics,  dainty  curtain 
materials  for  a  lady's  shower. 


You  as  a  manufacturer  may  or  may 
not  be  interested  in  these  particular 
end  uses — yet  they  are  but  a  few  of 
the  future  applications  for  plastic 
coated  fabrics  in  consumer  goods 
and  industry. 

Although  much  of  our  production 
is  still  restricted  to  military  and  es- 
sential civilian  uses,  the  time  may 
not  be  far  distant  when  it  can  be 
safely  diverted  into  domestic  and  in- 
dustrial channels. 

Plastic  coatings  are  here  to  stay. 
For  hundreds  of  applications  they 
have  been  found  superior  to  the  pro- 
tective materials  for  which  they  were 


substituted  after  Pearl  Harbor. 

If  your  future  manufacturing  plans 
call  for  fabrics  or  paper  "proofed" 
against  such  destructive  elements  as 
acids,  alkalies,  oils,  gases,  water  and 
many  others  we  would  welcome  the 
opportunity  of  supplying  your  re- 
quirements. 

Samples  of  our  current  production 
of  plastic  coated  fabrics  and  papers 
are  available  for  your  inspection. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC  FABRICS  DIVISION 

The  Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  22nd  &  Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Plastic     Fabrics    Division:    VINYL    RESIN,    PYROXYLIN   AND    OTHER    PLASTIC    COATINGS    •    PROOFED    FABRICS   AND    PAPERS    •    SIMULATED    LEATHERS 
Industrial    Fabrics     Division:    RUBBER   HOLLANDS   •  VARNISHED  SEPARATOR  CLOTH   •   BOOK   CLOTHS   •  AND  OTHER  SPECIALIZED  FABRICS 
Window    Shade    Divisions    WINDOW   SHADE  CLOTH,  ROLLERS  AND  ACCESSORIES  •  CLOTH   AND  PAPER   WINDOW   SHADES 

JOANNA  TEXTILE  MILLS,  GOLDVILLE,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 


14 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


PI  I  pi  OJJ     Pure  cotton  flock  of  surpassing 


cleanliness  and  uniformity. 


FABRIFIL 


Macerated  cotton  fabric  for 
extra  strength. 


CORDFIL 


Evenly   cut   lengths  of   tire   cord 
for  plastics  of  utmost  strength. 


It  is  not  overstating  to  say  that  recent  progress 
in  fillers  has  permitted  plastics  performance  not 
otherwise  possible. 

With  a  good  working  knowledge  of  fillers,  the 
designer  has  the  right  start.  He  can  visualize  in 
terms  of  the  possibilities  of  the  three  basic  types 
of  Rayco  Fillers:  "Filfloc",  "Fabrifil"  and 
"Cordfil",  and  can  balance  performance  re- 
quirements and  cost  limitations. 

We  offer  wholehearted  assistance  in  your  study 
of  fillers — at  any  stage,  whether  design,  com- 
pounding, or  molding.  The  ability  of  fillers  to 
impart  impact,  tensile  and  flexural  strength  is 


tremendously  versatile,  and  we  furnish  innu- 
merable varieties  of  our  three  basic  types,  in 
order  to  suit  each  need  EXACTLY.  We  invite 
you  to  make  fullest  use  of  our  experimental  and 
research  resources,  as  well  as  our  exception- 
ally fine  manufacturing  facilities. 


UTILIZE  PLASTIC  HELMET  LINER  SCRAP 


Holders  are  continually  finding  new  applications  for 
this  low-priced  molding  compound  ol  the  phenol 
formaldehyde  type.  We  bare  a  considerable  supply 
available.  Prices  promptly  quoted. 


of  R.I. 
INC. 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO. 

45  TREMONT    ST.,    CENTRAL    FALLS,     RHODE     ISLAND 

cuttt 
&>tto*t  ? MM, 


OBTAIN  COMPOUNDS  CONTAINING  RAYCO  FILLERS    —    FOR  GOOD  FLOW  AND  EXTRA  STRENGTH 


JAM'ARY    1  «>r> 


PLASTICS 


15 


M 


SOMEWHERE  about  the  crowded  halls  of  the  Wal- 
dorf someone  was  heard  praising  the  striking  exhibit 
of  plastics  which  contributed  so  much  toward  making  SPI's 
Fall  Conference  such  a  success.  That  praise  was  well 
earned,  because  the  plastics  products  hung  on  the  walls  and 
spread  out  on  the  tables  showed  forcefully  how  important 
our  industry  is  to  the  whole  war  effort.  And  to  the  experi- 
enced eye,  it  permitted  a  glimpse  into  the  peacetime  future 
to  which  we  all  are  now  looking  so  hopefully. 

That  exhibit  was  actually  a  monument  to  our  industry — 
it  was  an  entity  we  created  and  developed  as  our  contribu- 
tion toward  winning  the  war.  It  was  something  real  and 
tangible;  something  we  could  see  and  point  to  with  pride. 
That's  what  made  it  so  hard  to  believe  that  some  of  the 
exhibitors  wanted  their  products  back  again — wanted,  in 
effect,  to  tear  down  the  monument  they  had  built  and  which 
today  is  the  only  representative  display  of  their  war  work. 

We  need  a  fine  display  such  as  we  had  at  the  Waldorf, 
only  let's  make  it  a  permanent  one.  Let's  take  George 
Scribner's  sound  advice,  and  send  it  around  the  country 
so  everyone  can  see  the  kind  of  job  we  are  doing;  its 
educational  value  cannot  be  measured  by  the  mere  intrinsic 
worth  of  the  individual  items  which  make  it  up.  Besides 
which  there  is  an  intense  desire  for  all  kinds  of  informa- 
tion about  plastics — a  fact  which  can  be  well  substantiated 
by  any  public  relations  man  of  any  plastics  producing  com- 
pany, and  by  anyone  who  has  anything  to  do  with  plastics — 
no  matter  how  remote  the  connection.  A  permanent  exhibit, 
handled  intelligently  as  it  was  at  the  Waldorf,  would  an- 
swer many  of  the  problems  perplexing  the  public  and  in- 
dustry. 

George  Scribner  also  touched  off  a  sound  idea  when 
he  advocated  an  industry-sponsored  show.  Of  course,  he 
was  talking  post-war,  but  it  is  pleasant  to  realize  that 
even  at  this  time  we  have  men  progressive  enough  to 
visualize  what  is  best  for  the  industry. 

The  SPI  had  a  couple  of  other  answers  too.  There  is 
the  revised  and  expanded  edition  of  the  directory.  And 
there  is  the  ingenious  stunt  Bill  Cruse  announced,  by 
which  plastics  plants  will  be  helped  in  their  publicity  re- 
leases to  local  newspapers.  People  always  like  to  know 
what  is  going  on  around  them,  especially  in  their  home 
town,  and  through  these  items  they  can  learn  something 
about  plastics  generally.  As  a  sample  release,  SPI  dis- 
tributed an  account  of  the  part  plastics  are  playing  in  the 
war  effort,  with  the  suggestion  that  the  company  add  a  note 
concerning  its  own  contribution. 

One  other  important  subject  was  discussed  at  the  Wal- 
dorf. And  that  was  the  fact  that  we  are  still  fighting  the 
war,  and  that  our  job  is  far  from  done.  Production  for 
the  armed  forces  comes  first,  and  while  it  is  smart  to  plan 
for  the  future,  we  must  not  lose  our  sense  of  proportion. 
We  have  done  a  grand  job  so  far.  We  must  not  let  down 
now  when  only  a  little  bit  more  may  be  all  that  is  needed 
to  end  the  big  push  in  victory  for  our  side. 


IAVCO,  New  York  manufacturer  of  compacts  and 
cigarette  cases,  has  begun  an  educational  campaign 
on  plastics  which  is  well  worth  watching.  In  every  Mavco 
compact  the  buyer  finds  an  attractive  insert  bearing  this 
information :  "Just  as  there  are  many  different  kinds  of 
wood  and  metal — so  there  are  many  types  of  plastics.  Plexi- 
glas  is  an  acrylic  plastic,  a  type  distinguished  for  its  crys- 
tal-like clarity,  gem  tones  and  lasting  beauty.  With  care, 
Plexiglas  will  retain  its  lively  sparkle  and  hold  its  shape 
indefinitely — even  after  outdoor  exposure.  The  deep  rich 
color  Mavco  has  chosen  for  its  distinctive  compacts  is  part 
of  the  plastic  and  will  not  chip  off." 

We  would  like  to  suggest  that  instead  of  saying  "with 
care,"  some  specific  precautions  might  be  given  as  to  how 
to  take  care  of  the  compact. 

The  company  is  also  using  this  type  of  copy  in  its 
advertising  in  the  consumer  press,  coupling  it  with  the 
fact  that  the  material  of  which  its  product  is  made  is  the 
same  as  that  used  in  bomber  noses  and  turrets. 

Progressive  and  cooperative  thinking  like  this  will  be 
of  inestimable  help  in  promoting  intelligent  use  and  appre- 
cation  of  all  our  products. 

• 

A  STENOGRAPHER  recently  paid  one  branch  of  the 
industry  a  handsome  compliment  in  making  the  trans- 
cript of  the  proceedings  of  a  certain  trade  association  (not 
SPI).  Expert  though  she  was,  she  was  unfamiliar  with 
plastics  and  had  difficulty  in  making  out  a  word  several 
speakers  used.  The  word  was  thcrmosetting ,  which  she 

put  down  as  thermesthetic.  .   .   . 
*     *     * 

Some  factors  in  the  textile  industry  aren't  always  sure 
whether  plastics  are  an  ally  or  an  enemy.  Here's  a  bit 
of  comfort  for  them:  Dr.  A.  W.  Davison,  research  direc- 
tor of  the  Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corporation,  said  in 
a  recent  talk  that  he  didn't  believe  glass  would  become  a 
direct  competitor  of  cotton  as  a  textile  fabric. 

• 

PIPE-DREAMS  are  an  ancient  form  of  self-indulgence, 
but  actual  prosperity  can  be  just  as  harmful  in  making 
one  forget  the  realities  of  this  tough  competitive  world. 
Not  to  moralize  further,  we  are  going  to  cite  the  example 
of  a  manufacturer  in  our  industry.  He  is  acknowledged 
to  be  a  good  man  in  his  line,  yet  he  wasn't  doing  so  well 
not  so  many  years  ago.  Now  he's  doing  a  bang-up  war 
job — and  prospering.  But  does  he  remember  the  old  days? 
Not  he!  Does  he  want  people  to  know  what  he's  doing, 
insofar  as  the  information  is  not  restricted  ?  Not  he ! 
Does  he  care  about  keeping  his  name  before  the  public? 
What  for,  when  he's  got  all  the  business  he  can  handle  ?  In 
fact,  he  was  telling  us  with  great  relish  that  a  certain  ad- 
vertisement of  his  concern  had  drawn  only  one  response. 
Was  he  tickled !  Now  he  wouldn't  have  to  bother  answer- 
ing inquiries  from  anyone  but  the  QMC,  his  only  customer. 
We  didn't  tell  him  so,  but  we're  planning  to  visit  him  on 
V-Day  plus  6,  just  to  find  out  whether  he's  interested  in 
anv  other  customers.  END 


16 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


We're  cooking  up 

New  Answers  in  Plastics 


WHY  KURZ-KASCH  FOR  PLASTICS? 
Kurz-Kasch  offers  a  28  year  old  reputation 
for  thoroughly-engineered,  quality  produc- 
tion. •  One  of  the  largest,  best-equipped 
exclusive  custom  molding  plants  in  the  coun- 
try— 75,000  sq.  ft.  of  floor  space  with  125 
compression  and  transfer  presses  of  all  sizes. 
•  Complete  mold-making  and  finishing  facil- 
ities. •  Extensive  production  sequences  of 
radio-frequency  preheating  equipment,  with 
full  experience  in  their  use.  •  Complete  in- 
sert-production 
shop.  •  For  satis- 
faction in  plastics, 
key  these  facilities 
into  your  produc- 
tion line. 


RADIO-FREQUENCY  preheating  is  an 
important  development  in  plastic 
molding.  It  makes  new  applications 
feasible  and  many  better  cures  pos- 
sible— and  it  can  increase  your  daily 
production.  It's  something  to  look  for 
when  you  select  your  plastics  molder. 
Look  for  this  too.  A  full  installa- 
tion of  preheating  equipment  is  im- 
portant —  but  complete  equipment 
plus  extended  experience  in  its  use 
means  a  whole  lot  more.  The  ma- 
chines will  suddenly  be  available  to 
everyone  after  the  war.  The  experi- 
ence won't. 


At  Kurz-Kasch,  we've  been  build- 
ing up  preheating  technique  since  the 
first  R.C.A.  radio-frequency  machine 
was  delivered  to  us  for  experiment 
back  in  early  1943.  We've  got  plenty 
of  all  kinds  now,  and  we  know  how 
to  design  for  them,  estimate  for  them, 
and  use  them. 

If  you  want  this  kind  of  progressive 
thinking  in  your  molder — and  want 
it  backed  up  by  a  solid  record  of 
accomplishment  dating  back  to  the 
birth  of  the  plastics  industry  —  ask 
Kurz-Kasch  to  figure  on  your  plastics 
application.  Just  ask  for  an  engineer. 


THE    WAR    BONDS    YOU    KEEP    ARE    THE    BONDS    THAT    COUNT 

Kurz-Kasch 

For  over  25  years  Planners  and  Molders  in  Plastics 

Kun-Kaich,     Inc.,      1413  South    Broadway,    Dayton     1,    Ohio.    Branch    Solo  Officer    N.w    York    •    Chicago    •    Detroit 
Indianapolis   •   Los  Ang«l««    •    Dallat   •   SI.  Loui«   •   Toronto,    Canada.   Export   OUi'cei.-   89   Broad   Strnt,   Ntw   York   City 


JAM'ARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


17 


EASIER,     FASTER,     LOWER-COST 


NG 


WITH      FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED     PLASTICS 


The  combination  of  Fiberglas  and  specially 
developed,  low-pressure  resins  has  resulted 
in  a  material  with  many  unique  and  mechan- 
ically important  characteristics.  Lightness, 
rigidity,  dimensional  stability,  high  impact 
strength  and  ease  of  fabrication  are  among 
the  advantages  particularly  significant  in 
the  production  of  Fiberglas-reinforced 
plastic  dies,  jigs  and  fixtures. 

The  high  cost  of  manufacturing  metal 
dies  is  eliminated.  Costly,  time-consuming 
machining  is  avoided. 

FABRICATING  FIBERGLAS-REINFORCED 
PLASTICS 

One  of  the  techniques  developed,  by  Douglas 
Aircraft  engineers,  for  the  fabrication  of 
Fiberglas-reinforced  plastic  jigs  is  illus- 
trated at  the  right: 

No.  1.  The  male  mold  (or,  if  available, 
the  actual  part),  backed  with  plaster  of 
Paris,  is  placed  on  a  corrugated  metal  table 
equipped  with  air  valve  for  producing 
vacuum. 

No.  2.  The  form  block  is  covered  with 
cellophane  to  prevent  resin  from  sticking  to 
the  mold.  Then  the  Fiberglas  cloth  lamina- 
tions are  trimmed  to  fit  the  form  block  . . . 
the  low-pressure  resin  is  rubbed  into  the 
cloth  and  the  desired  number  of  layers  are 
built  upon  the  form  block. 

No.  3.  A  rubber  blanket  is  stretched  over 
the  mold. 

No.  4.  Air  is  evacuated.  As  the  pressure 
is  increased  excess  resin  and  air  pockets  are 
squeezed  out  of  the  laminates.  The  table  is 
then  rolled  into  the  oven  to  complete  poly- 
merization of  the  resin  at  about  180°  F. 

No.  5.  After  curing  and  cooling,  the 
form  block  is  removed,  flanges  are  trimmed, 
holes  drilled,  clamps  installed  to  complete 
the  tool. 

All  available  fabricating  data  and  addi- 
tional information  about  Fiberglas  products 
and  Fiberglas-reinforced  plastics  will  be 
furnished  on  request. Write:  Owens-Corning 
Fiberglas  Corporation,  1881  Nicholas  Build- 
ing, Toledo  1,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  Fiberglas 
Canada  Ltd.,  Oshawa,  Ontario. 


• 


Steps  in  the  production  of  a  jig  for  spot-welding  airplane  doors. 
Fiberglas-reinforced  plastics  are  dimensionally  stable,  have  ex- 
tremely high  impact  strength  and  are  nonconductive  of  electricity. 

Photos  courtesy:  Douglas  Aircraft  Co.,  Inc. 


FIBERGLAS 


«T.  M.  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


A    BASIC    MATERIAL 


18 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


SAV-WAY  ANNOUNCES  SARA-SEAL 

A  New  Achievement  in  Flexible  Plastic  Packaging 

SAV-WAY  SARA-SEAL,  the  miraculous 

new  packaging  and  sealing  method  machine,  automatically  encases 
anything  from  a  ball  bearing  to  a  gyro-compass  in  a  moisture  proof, 
air-tight,  floating  bag  of  glistening  transparent  plastic  with  a  welded 
closure.  Designed  for  Saran*,  it  is  now  being  engineered  for  use  with  a 
wide  range  of  flexible  plastic  materials. 

Today,  Sav-Way  Sara-Seal  is  available  only  to  the  Armed  Forces 
and  their  suppliers  .  .  .  for  the  fast,  sure  packaging  of  radar  equip- 
ment, aircraft  parts,  delicate  surgical  instruments,  precision  gages  .  .  . 
in  fact,  any  critical  war  material  that  must  arrive  at  its  destination 
protected  from  the  corrosive  action  of  moist  salt  air  and  from  dust 
laden  atmosphere. 

Tomorrow,  Sav-Way  Sara-Seal  will  play  an  important  part  in  the 
packaging  of  countless  perishable  commodities.  Wherever  it  is  de- 
sirable to  keep  moisture  either  in  or  out,  or  to  protect  natural  or 
manufactured  products  from  contaminating  atmosphere,  Sav-Way 
Sara-Seal  will  find  work  to  do. 

If  you  are  faced  with  a  postwar  packaging  problem,  our  engineer- 
ing department  will  be  glad  to  work  with  you  in  adapting  Sara-Seal 
to  your  specific  requirements. 

Send  for  Description  and  Photographs  of  the  Sara-Seal  Machine  and 

Samples  of  the  Sara-Seal  Closure 


•Trod*  .Word  K*f.  V.  S.  Fat.  Off. 

SAV-WAY        INDUSTRIES 

MACHINE      TOOL      DIVISION 
BOX         117,         HARPER          STATION,         DETROIT          13,         MICHIGAN 
JANUARY   19ir,  PLASTICS  19 


To  do  plastic  molding  jobs  right,  one  of  the 
many  requirements  is  quality  control  of  pro- 
duction and  finishing  operations.  Above  you 
see  one  of  the  quality  control  stations  in  the 
Amos  plant,  where  women  with  precision 
gauges  check  for  uniformity  of  size  and  fit  and 
tolerances  required. 

Quality  control  is  but  one  of  many  reasons  why 
Amos  jobs  are  done  right.  Other  reasons  in- 
clude— experienced  engineering — the  right 
plastics  in  the  right  places— perfect  die  work 
—adequate  facilities  for  efficient  production 
and  accurate  finishing. 

From  engineering  to  finishing,  Amos  does  a 
complete  job— and  does  it  right.  Just  send  us 
your  drawings  or  write  us  what  you  have  in 
mind  to  be  molded  in  plastics. 

AMOS  MOLDED   PLASTICS,  EDINBURGH,  INDIANA 

Division  of  Amos-Thompson  Corporation 


I" 


jJLL 
—^StfSS?* 


20 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


*  - 


' 


Author's  concept  of  a  plastics  commercial  scale 
housing,  with  weighing  platform  descending  into 
main  housing.  Use  ol  cast  metal  base  prevents 
plastics  from  bearing  the  weight  of  the  machine 


tor  PLASTICS 


Their  Beauty  and  Utility  Can  Be  Enhanced 
By  Wise  Use  of  Decorative  Techniques  and 
Proper  Combination  with  Other  Materials 


B      WltLm   B. 


y 


General   Electric   Co. 


ONE  of  the  dominant  factors  influencing  the  trend  of 
modern  design  is  the  growing  public  insistence  upon 
beauty  in  even  the  most  commonplace  manufactured 
products.  That  there  is  a  definite  need  and  desire  for 
beauty  is  no  news,  but  it  has  taken  considerable  time  for 
the  designer  to  inject  esthetic  appeal  into  mass-produced 
items  whose  chief  selling  point  has  been  their  functional 
superiority  over  competitive  products.  In  the  mad  race  for 
markets,  manufacturers  have  frequently  in  the  past  rele- 
gated eye  appeal  to  a  back  seat.  Today,  the  competitive  em- 
plia>is  has  often  imperceptibly  shifted  to  beauty,  as  prod- 
ucts become  standardized  in  form  and  purpose.  Hence  the 
importance  of  design  to  the  manufacture  of  everyday  goods 
and  appliances. 

A  study  of  the  average  design  firm  reveals  that  the  indus- 
trial designer  faces  several  types  of  problems  in  serving 
his  clients: 

1.   Analysis  of  the  customers'  market. 


2.  Putting  the  finishing  touches 
on   an   already-engineered   product 
to  make  it  well-styled. 

3.  Developing  a  new  item  after 
it  has  been  conceived  by  the   in- 
ventor so  as  to  render  it  feasible 
and  economical  to  produce. 

4.  Creating    an    entirely    new 
product,  employing  materials  of  his 
choice. 

Analysis  of  the  customers'  mar- 
ket is  important  in  order  that  a  correct  solution  to  the 
various  problems  of  design  be  obtained. 

The  second  group  may  be  exemplified  by  an  adding  ma- 
chine housing.  Here  the  designer  is  confronted  with  a 
mechanism  design  that  is  frozen,  and  with  an  outside 
housing  contour  that  is  fairly  complete.  All  that  remains 


JANUARY    I'M.* 


PLASTICS 


21 


For  maximum  flexibility,  the  well- 
planned  home  may  have  compression- 
molded  sections  nested  together  and 
used  as  cabinets,  drawers,  shelves 
and  open  or  glassed-in  bookcases 


for  the  designer  to  do  is  to  suggest  design  change--  th;it 
will  make  the  machine  more  pleasing  in  appearance  and 
more  economical  to  manufacture.  In  the  third  group, 
designs  for  soap  dispensers  have  been  requested  where  the 
designer  is  given  nothing  more  than  the  type  of  lever  con- 
trol desired  and  must  design  the  entire  assembly  with  the 
cooperation  of  the  client.  Typical  of  the  fourth  group  is 
a  request  for  the  design  of  an  entire  line  of  desk  acces- 
sories. The  designer  in  this  case  must  create  completely 
new  products. 

Making  a  Design  Format 

The  mechanics  of  the  designer's  service  may  be  explained 
easily.  Each  client  naturally  has  individual  personal  tastes 
which  will  influence  his  selection  of  designs.  It  is  impor- 
tant that  the  designer  and  client  are  in  accord  and  have 
a  complete  understanding  of  the  end  market  and  taste  of 
the  ultimate  purchaser.  The  designer  attempts  to  sound  out 
his  client's  preferences  first  by  giving  him  what  are  called 
idea  sketches.  These  are  generally  rough  sketches  (in  the 
sense  that  they  are  generally  not  developed  in  detail  and 
are  done  in  pencil  or  crayon)  showing  several  solutions 
to  the  problem.  In  nearly  every  case  there  is  one  solution 
which  is  most  logical  and  correct  for  the  product,  although 
it  is  not  always  the  design  selected.  When  customer  and 
designer  have  agreed  on  a  final  selection  the  designer  then 
usually  makes  a  colored  drawing  to  indicate  with  a  three- 
dimensional  view,  the  final  appearance  of  the  product. 

The  making  of  a  model  is  the  next  step.  This  is  usually 
done  during  or  after  preparation  of  mechanical  drawings 
which  incorporate  all  the  necessary  dimensions  and  changes 
that  are  essential  to  make  the  part  practical  for  the  con- 
struction materials.  The  designer's  next  function  is  to 
work  closely  with  the  tool  drafting  and  the  toolroom 
where  the  production  molds  and  dies  are  made.  Addi- 
tional services  that  can  be  rendered  by  the  designer  include 
suggestions  on  advertising,  selection  and  design  of  pack- 
aging materials  and  selection  of  color  assortments  to  be 
offered. 


The  author's  design  for  one  corner  of  a  modern  living 
room,  showing  how  careful  combining  of  plastics  with 
other  materials  can  enhance  the  efficiency  of  the  home 


Designers  who  are  to  make  the  best  possible  use  of 
plastics  must  have  their  training  augmented  by  practical 
experience  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of  production  prob- 
lems. As  the  types  of  available  plastics  increase,  the  prob- 
lem becomes  increasingly  complex.  Every  year  brings  new 
developments  in  both  materials  and  types  of  manufacturing 
processes.  Any  loss  or  ill-constructed  application  which 
results  from  the  misuse  of  plastics  materials  damages  the 
entire  industry.  A  successful  job  of  engineering  and  de- 
signing reflects  good  will  to  all  connected  with  plastics. 
The  "successful-through-design"  product  is  always  the  re- 
sult of  weeks  and  sometimes  months  of  hard  work  by  a 


22 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Disassembly  of  chair  discloses  compres- 
sion-molded frame  with  foam  rubber 
cushions;  interchangeable  fabric  cov- 
en; 1 -piece  formed  or  laminated  support 


The  draperies  and  upholstering  materials  would  be  made  of 
plastics  in  the  form  of  woven  film  or  coated  fabric.  Sep- 
arable nesting  wall  sections  permit  varied  arrangements 


design  staff.  A  client  who  has  purchased  a  well-designed 
plastics  product  may  stimulate  new  markets  for  the  entire 
industry. 

Used  wisely,  because  of  their  versatility,  there  is  no 
group  of  materials  that  offers  more  to  the  designer  than 
do  plastics.  There  is  no  need  to  mention  their  color  range 
or  the  fact  that  they  are  some  of  the  most  "pleasing-to-the- 
timch"  materials.  From  the  crystal  clear  beauty  of  the  acry- 
lic to  the  toughness  of  the  laminates  there  is  a  wide  range 
of  characteristics.  However,  as  a  word  of  caution  to  de- 
>ignr^  and  others  who  are  contemplating  the  application 
of  plastics  to  their  products,  too  much  cannot  be  said 


The  foot-square  interlocking  modules 
forming  the  coffee  table  are  joined 
beneath  with  metal  dipt,  as  shown 


regarding  the  desirability  of  incorporating  other  materials 
with  plastics.  It  is  more  and  more  advisable  to  combine 
plastics  with  metal,  not  only  to  make  the  resultant  product 
more  structurally  sound,  but  also  from  the  standpoint  of 
appearance,  since  a  combination  of  materials  usually  offers 
a  much  broader  scope  for  design.  The  trend  to  combine 
materials  is  a  sound  one  and  instead  of  asking  whether 
or  not  plastics  will  replace  light  metals,  we  should  give 
more  thought  to  combining  these  materials  intelligently. 
Many  designers  are  unaware  of  the  great  variety  of  sur- 
face textures  and  applied  decorations  that  are  obtainable 
with  plastics.  Many  interesting  textures  can  be  obtained 
directly  from  the  mold.  This  does  not  mean  that  one  should 
imitate  leathers  or  other  natural  materials,  but  apply  such 
attractive  textures  as  can  be  secured  from  sandblasting  to 
obtain  dull  surfaces,  or  more  planned  patterns  which  result 
from  geometric  cuttings.  There  are  unlimited  possibilities 
offered  by  raised  or  incised  lines  which  in  certain  applica- 
tions may  be  filled  with  color.  There  are  many  processes 
available  today  whereby  plastics  parts  can  be  decorated  by 
many  kinds  of  selected  painting  systems.  This  is  true  espe- 
cially in  the  high-quality  cosmetic  packaging  field,  where 
raised  decorative  motifs  can  even  be  hand-painted  to  achieve 
very  unusual  effects.  Product  designers  may  take  advantage 
of  the  low-cost  black  phenolic  materials  by  adding  color, 
(Continued  on  page  103) 


JVM    MO     I'M.', 


PLASTICS 


23 


RECOMMENDED 

OUTSTANDING 

QUALITIES 


RECOMMENDED 


RECOMMENDED 

FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES 


PHTHALATE  OR  PHOSPHATE 
PLASTICIZER 


NOT  RECOMMENDED 


Choice  of  plasticizer  to  use  with  17  types  of  materials  may  be  guided  by  this  chart,  issued  by  Ohio- Apex  Co. 

PLASTICIZERS- 

Their  Use  and  Limitations 

oLeonara  U: 


.eona 

a 

Research  Chemist 


Given   a  Broad  Knowledge   of  Plasticizers,  Manufacturers 
Can  Effect  Many  Improvements  in  a  Wide  Variety  of  Resins 


ONE  of  the  oft-neglected  and  little-appreciated  prob- 
lems of  the  plastics  industry  is  the  proper  selection 
and  use  of  plasticizers.*  Sometimes  the  selection  of  plasti- 
cizers  has  been  dictated  by  custom  or  influenced  by  hearsay 
with  no  regard  being  taken  for  the  particular  needs  of  the 
product.  Often,  too,  the  manufacturer  of  plastics  items 
has  proceeded  in  trial-and-error  fashion  to  evolve  the  most 
suitable  combination  of  materials  for  his  purpose. 

The  impression  is  often  encountered  that  plasticizers 
are  merely  intended  to  render  a  resin  easier  to  handle; 
or  that  altering  the  characteristics  of  a  resin  by  adding 
plasticizer  is  as  simple  as  2  plus  2  equals  4.  Actually,  the 
plasticizer  is  an  integral  part  of  a  plastics  product,  whether 
the  process  involved  is  sheeting,  extruding  or  molding. 
The  choice  of  the  plasticizer  is  as  important  as  the  choice 


of  the  resin  with  which  it  is  to  be  compounded,  for  the 
characteristics  of  the  finished  product  are  determined  by 
the  complex  interaction  of  both. 

Plasticizers  are  usually  non-volatile,  organic  liquids  or 
low-melting  solids,  which  tend  to  render  resins  of  high 
molecular  weight,  that  are  relatively  hard,  tough,  brittle, 
horny  and  intractable,  into  thermoplastic,  flexible,  work- 
able, homogeneous  masses  at  room  or  working  tempera- 
tures, depending  on  conditions  and  the  properties  desired. 

Investigations  on  the  interaction  of  polymers  and  plasti- 
cizers indicate  that  the  latter  act  somewhat  in  the  manner 
of  lubricating  agents  upon  the  molecules  with  which  they 


'Company  trade  names  (in  the  order  listed)  for  di-ethory  ethyl  phthalate,  dl-butoiy 
ethyl  phthalate,  di-metlioxy  ethyl  phthalate.  tricresy!  phosphate,  methoiy  ethyl  oleate. 

NOTE:— KP-140  Is  trlbutoxy  ethyl  phosphate:  KP-23,  butoxy  ethyl  stearate;  KP- 
120,  methozy  ethyl  acttyl  ricinoleate.  "Kronitei"  and  KP-140  Impart  fire  resistance 
where  used. 


24 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


•  Pan  American's  China  Clipper  is  moored  to  a  line 
equipped  with  Tenite  floats.  The  plastic  floats  arc 
more  buoyant,  weather  the  elements  bettor,  than  wood, 
cork,  or  metal  alloy  floats.  Bright  orange  in  color,  they 
make  mooring  lines  easily  visible  in  the  water,  and, 
since  color  is  an  integral  part  of  Tenite,  painting  is  un- 
necessary either  to  restore  color  or  preserve  the  finish. 

Tenite  is  one  of  the  toughest  materials  made,  and 
thin-\\  -ailed  lightweight  pieces  of  Tenite,  such  as  these 
iln.its.  withstand  heavy  blows  and  rough  treatment 
without  shattering  or  denting.  Durability  and  weather 
resistance  are  characteristics  of  Tenite  which  make  it 
suitable  for  a  particularly  wide  variety  of  products  in- 
cluding fence  charger  housings,  garden  tool  handles, 
auto  club  emblems,  fish  lures,  terrazzo  divider  strips. 
For  further  information  about  Tenite,  write  TENNESSEE 
EASTMAN  CORPORATION  (Subsidiary  of  Eastman 
Kodak  Company),  KINGSPOHT,  TENNESSEE. 


Tenite  floats 

for  flying  boais 


CHINA  CUPPER 


Tciiite  floats  manufac- 
tured by  J.  II.  Shepherd 
Son  &  Co.  for  Pan  Amer- 
ic.in  World  Airways 


- 


- 


Resin 

RESIN-PLASTICIZER 

Plasticizer                          Properties 

CHART 

Applications 

Uses 

POLYVINYL 
CHLORIDE 

Trlcresyl  phosphate 
(Llndol) 
Dibutoxy  ethyl  phthalate 
(Kronisol) 
Triglycol  dihexoate 
Dibutyl  phthalate 
Glyceroi  tri-acetoncmo- 
leate  (Baker  P-8) 

Impart  flame  resist- 
ance 
Low  water  absorp- 
tion 
Good  electrical 
properties 
Flexibility  at  low 
temperatures 
Speed  and  ease  of 
compounding 
Retained  flexibility 

Molding  mixes 
Extrusion  mixes 
Solutions 

Electrical  cable  coatings 
Flexible  tubings,  gaskets, 
tank  linings 
Finishes   on   chemically   re- 
sistant metal  surfaces 
Water-proofing  fabrics 
Electroplating 

POLYVINYL 
ACETATE 

Flexibility 

Adhesives 

Bonding  cloth,  paper,  card- 
board, metal 
Sealing  paper,  drinking 
cups 
Scotch  tape 

Butyl  phthalyl  butyl  gly- 
colate  (5antici«rl-l6) 
3GH 
Dibutyl  phthalate 

Lower  heat  sealing 
temperatures  of 
thermoplastic 
adhesives 
Lower  melting  points 
of  hot  melts 

VINYL- 
CHLORIDE 
VINYL 
ACETATE 
COPOLYMER 

Oioctyl  phthalate 
Tricresyl  phosphate 
Triethylene  glycol 
di-2-ethyl  tiexoate 

Non-flammable 
Tough 
Good  dielectric 
properties 
Chemical  resistance 
Low  water  extraction 
Low  volatility 

Laminating  film 
Flexible  sheet 
and  film 

Extruding 
Injection  molding 
Calendering 
Surface  coatings 

Fabrics,  leather,  coatings 
Shoe   tops,    belts,   suspend- 
ers, gaskets,  electrical  in- 
sulation, shower  curtains, 
raincoats,      tobacco 
pouches,  waterproofing 
case 
Electrical  insulating  cables 
Packaging  for  cosmetics 

POLYVINYL 
BUTYRAL 

Methyl  acetyl  riclnoleatc 
Butyl  Cellosolve  phthalate 
Triglycol-n-octoate 

Di-2-ethyl  hexoate 

Tough  and  yielding  at 
ordinary      tempera- 
ture,  in  winter  and 
summer  and   in   hu- 
mid    and     dry    cli- 
mates 
Flexibility  at  low 
temperatures 
Low  water  extraction 

Flexible  molded 
and  extruded 
articles 
Calendering 

Safety  glass 
Cloth  coatings 
Raincoats 
Gas  impermeable  fabrics 

CELLULOSE 
ACETATE 

Tricresyl  phosphate 
Triacetin 
Dibutyl  tartrate 
o  and  p-toluene  sulfona- 
mide 

Flexibility 

Reduced  flammabilJty 
High  tensile  strength 

Molding 

Sheeting 
Films 
Extrusion 

Flashlight  casings 
Tool  handles 
Razors,     spectacle     frames, 
combs,      toilet      articles, 
brushes,      fountain      pens 
and  pencils 

CELLULOSE 
ACETO. 
IUTYRATE 

Tripheny!  phosphate 
Tricresyl  phosphate 
Dioctyl  phthalate 
Butyl  seoacate 
Methyl  Cellosolve 
phthalate 
Butyl  Cellosolve  phthalate 

High  tensile  strength 
Good  moisture 
resistance 
Low  volatility 

Molding: 
injection 
compression 
extrusion 

Airplane    instrument    dials, 
handbags,    spray   nozzles, 
automobile    hardware, 
whistles.       visors,       radio 
cases 

CELLULOSE 
NITRATE 

Camphor 
Tricresyl  phosphate 
Butyl  phthalate 
Butyl  phthalyl  butyl 
glycotate 
Amyl  phthalate 
Dioctyl  phthalate 

Flame  retardation 
Low  temperature 
flexibility 
Solvent  properties 
Good  light  stability 

Piastre  rods  and 
tubes 
Sheets 
Molding 

Windshields,    bag    frames, 
brushes,     buckles,     clock 
dials     and     crystal,     eye- 
shades,      fountain      pens, 
hammer  heads,  novelties, 
toys,  piano  keys,  tool  han- 
dles, earrings  and  pins 

ETHYL 
CELLULOSE 

Di(o-xenyl)  monophenyl 
phosphate 
Monoohenyf  phosphate 
Methyl  phthalyl  ethyl 
glvcclate 
Butyl  phthalate 

Toughness 
High  impact  strength 
Flexibility 
Good  clarity 
Light  stability 

Molding 
Extrusion 

Sheets 
Films 

Airplane  parts 
Wire  coatings 
Trim  moldings 
Tubings 
Aircraft  control  parts 
Fabric  coatings 
Electrical  appliances 
Goggle  frames 
Hose  nozzles,  fittings 
Ice  trays 

MELAMINE 

Cyclohexyl  acetate 
Methoxy  triglycot  acetate 
Polyethylene  glycol 

Improve  flow 

characteristics 

Molding  com- 
pounds 

Tableware 

Buttons 
Electrical  parts 
Circuit  breakers 

CASEIN 

Glycerol 
Acetanilide 

Non-flammable 
Ease  of  molding 
Flow  characteristics 

Molding 
Machining  rods 
Sheets 
Discs 

Buttons,    Buckles,    Beads, 
novelties,     trimming     ac- 
cessories, push  buttons 

COUMARONE 
INDENE 

Tung  oil 

Ease  of  molding 

Molding 
Calendering 

Mastic  floor  tile 
Rubber  compounding 
Paper  impregnation 
Electrical  and  radio  coils 
Chewing  gum 

come  in  contact,  permitting  them  to  slide  or  slip  about 
with  comparative  ease.  Three  plasticizers  were  taken — 
tricresyl  phosphate,  dibutyl  phthalate,  dibutyl  sebacate — and 
their  loss  from  poly  vinyl  chloride  plastics  was  studied -under 
the  simplest  possible  conditions ;  namely,  high  vacuum  at 
accurately  known  temperatures.  When  heated  in  vacuum 
between  110°  and  155°  C  there  was  a  similar  rate  of  loss 
for  all  three  plasticizers,  indicating  that  there  is  involve- 
ment of  physical  rather  than  chemical  forces.  With  all 
three,  the  shrinkage  in  volume  of  the  plastics  was  approxi- 
mately equal  to  loss  in  volume  of  plasticizer,  and  as  the 


plasticizer  concentration  decreased 
there  was  also  a  corresponding  de- 
crease in  diffusion  constant.  This  seems 
to  indicate  that,  under  these  conditions, 
there  is  a  tendency  for  plastics  to  seal 
themselves  against  further  loss  as 
plasticizer  disappears. 

Accordingly  a  simple  picture  was 
suggested  in  explanation:  There  are 
physical  forces  between  plasticizer  and 
polyvinyl  chloride  molecules  which 
render  the  polyvinyl  chloride  plastic 
by  separating  from  one  another  the 
chain  molecules  of  which  the  latter  is 
composed.  As  plasticizer  is  removed, 
forces  among  the  chains  bring  them 
closer  together,  thus  making  it  more 
difficult  for  the  remaining  plasticizer 
molecules  to  get  out.  This  sealing-in 
effect  also  tends  to  restrict  shrinkage 
in  the  volume  of  the  plastics,  as  it  can 
be  equal  only  to  the  loss  in  volume  of 
the  plasticizer.1 

Under  the  conditions  of  the  investi- 
gation, the  results  are  rather  accurate 
in  the  similarity  of  evaporation  rates 
of  the  plasticizers  used;  but  in  actual 
experience  this  is  not  found  to  be  so. 
If  conditions  were  such  as  those  en- 
countered in  actual  use  of  a  product 
compounded  with  the  same  plasticizers, 
the  results  would  not  be  in  the  least 
bit  similar;  there  would  be  a  loss  of 
dibutyl  phthalate,  as  it  is  quite  volatile, 
while  tricresyl  phosphate  would  be 
held  more  firmly  due  to  its  low  vola- 
tility. However,  there  are  many  more 
considerations  to  be  accounted  for  in 
actual  use  of  such  a  plasticized  ma- 
terial whereas  controlled  conditions 
are  conducive  to  more  comparable  re- 
sults. Moreover,  the  above  experiment 
is  not  meant  as  an  example  of  vola- 
tility rates,  but  as  a  possible  explana- 
tion for  resin-plasticizer  addition. 

Properties 

In  order  to  be  effective,  plasticizers 
must  possess  certain  properties,  most 
important  of  which  are  high  boiling 
range,  low  volatility,  stability  to  light 
and  heat,  good  solvent  properties 
which  are  accounted  for  by  the  num- 
ber of  solubilizing  groups  present,  good 
dielectric  properties,  reduction  of  flam- 
mability  (increased  fire  resistance), 
sharpening  of  softening  point,  low  tem- 
perature flexibility,  increased  tensile 
strength  and  elongation,  water,  oil,  and  chemical  resistance 
and  good  compatability  with  resins.  This  is  quite  an  im- 
posing list,  and  no  one  plasticizer  possesses  all  of  these 
properties,  and  in  cases  where  the  one  plasticizer  does  not 
fulfill  all  conditions  desired,  it  is  often  necessary  to  supple- 
ment it  with  others  to  gain  the  desired  effect. 

Therefore,  a  combination  of  plasticizers  can  be  formulated 
and  compounded  to  adjust  workability  and  mechanical  char- 
acteristics. The  characteristics  desired  in  a  finished  product 
are  determining  factors  in  deciding  the  plasticizer  and 


26 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


FOR   THE    HUMAN    VOICE 


Two-way  radio  communication  will  speed 
and  safeguard  postwar  traffic  .  .  .  in  the 
air,  over  the  rails,  and  on  the  road.  For 
just  such  rugged  applications,  this  micro- 
phone has  been  engineered  to  operate  with 
peak  efficiency.  It  separates  the  human 
voice  from  the  roar  of  aircraft  engines  or 
driving  locomotives  .  .  .  and  speeds  the 
spoken  words  clear  and  loud.  This  micro- 
phone is  the  product  of  Electro-Voice  Cor- 
poration, South  Bend,  Ind.  Molded  parts 
are  furnished  by  Molded  Products  Co. 


Consider  how  much  was  contributed  to 
the  design  of  this  instrument  by  the 
skillful  use  of  plastics.  The  housing 
furnishes  both  sturdy  armor  and  in- 
tricate structural  support  for  the  deli- 
cate mechanism.  At  the  same  time,  it 
provides  sleek,  streamlined  beauty  and 
agreeable  smooth  warmth  of  touch.  The 
high  impact  phenolic  used  is  capable 
of  withstanding  more  than  10,000  drops. 
Yet  it  is  light.  The  completed  micro- 
phone weighs  less  than  eight  ounces. 
The  plastic  components  for  the  interior 
construction  are  models  of  the  molder's 
art.  Notice  their  complicated  design 
with  numerous  side  holes.  Countersunk 


holes  for  self-tapping  assembly  screws 
are  molded  in.  Dimensional  accuracy 
and  electrical  stability  are  held  to  ex- 
treme limits  in  the  molding  process. 

Both  the  design  and  fabrication  of  the 
molds  for  these  parts  required  a  good 
deal  of  ingenuity  and  skill.  Turning  out 
the  parts  in  quantity  calls  for  produc- 
tion "know-how!1  Such  is  the  service  we 
offer  for  the  design  or  improvement  of 
your  product.  Send  us  your  specifica- 
tions for  quotation,  or  ask  one  of  our 

engineers  to  consult  with  you. 

>  /  t  i 

MOLDED  PRODUCTS  COMPANY, 
4533  W.  Harrison  St..  Chicago  84,  III. 


STIC 


S       I       O       N 


MOLDED  ^PRODUCTS 


JAM  MO     I  «>!.> 


PLASTICS 


27 


18".  DIOCTVL 
PHTHALATE 

S    .  Dl      CARB 

PHTHALATE 

KRON1SOL 

DIOCTYL 

KRONITEX 

KP-14O 

Dl-    CARBITOL 
PHTHALATC 

KP-12O 

"XYNC"    NO 

PLASTIC  IZEK 

Roll  mill  fluxing  time — 30%  plasticizers,  70%  "Vinylite  XYNC" — employing  30  psi  steam  pressure  on  rolls 


its  concentration  percentage.  This  may  range  from  15 
to  45%  depending  upon  the  resin  and  its  use.  In  the  case 
of  cellulose  acetate  plastics,  in  order  to  impart  toughness 
and  good  structural  formation  at  a  temperature  suitable 
for  injection  molding  without  causing  decomposition  of 
the  cellulose  derivatives,  the  concentration  may  vary  from 
20  to  35% ;  with  vinyl  resins,  a  concentration  of  approxi- 
mately 30%  gives  good  rubber-like  characteristics.  Plasti- 
cizers like  tricresyl  phosphate  impart  good  fire  resistance 
and  percentage  concentration  is  determined  by  the  resin 
used. 

Types  of  Plasticizers 

For  simplicity,  plasticizers  may  be  classified  as  solvent 
or  extender.  These  may  be  further  divided  into  plasticizers 
of  low  and  high  volatility.  Solvent  plasticizers  are  those 
which  confer  toughness  and  somewhat  poor  cold  flow  char- 
acteristics on  the  film  former,  for  which  they  are  good 
solvents.  Their  solvent  action  is  determined  by  the  number 
of  solubilizing  groups  present  in  the  compound.  Such 
groups  are  ether,  ester  groups,  and  ether-alcohol  linkages. 

Plasticizers  which  confer  high  tensile  strength,  greater 
rigidity  and  less  shock  strength  because  they  are  nearer 
the  point  of  insolubility  are  known  as  extender  plasticizers, 
acting  more  or  less  as  colloidal  agents.  When  plasticizers 
are  readily  lost  from  a  product,  they  are  said  to  be  of  high 
volatility.  Dioctyl  phthalate  is  an  example  of  low  volatility 
plasticizer,  dimethyl  phthalate  of  high  volatility. 

If  properly  compounded  and  formulated,  materials  which 
of  themselves  are  not  sufficiently  soluble  to  form  a  phase 
with  the  plastics,  can  be  brought  into  solution  by  means 
of  good  solvent  plasticizers.  In  referring  to  various  prop- 
erties attributed  to  plastics  by  plasticizers,  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  the  plasticizer  cannot  confer  recommendable 
qualities  unless  the  resin  itself  has  some  good  intrinsic 
qualities  of  its  own,  such  as  sufficient  molecular  length  and 
more  important,  the  absence  of  too  much  loading  on  the 
side  chain  as  in  the  case  of  long  fatty  acids  like  stearates 
or  oleates  on  cellulose. 

Many  properties  other  than  the  mechanical  properties 
influence  selection.  To  be  specific,  flexibility,  hardness  and 
toughness  are  requisite  characteristics  for  lacquer  films 


but  at  the  same  time  they  must  possess  good  surface  ad- 
herence. Again,  good  flexibility  without  undue  softness 
is  necessary  for  fabric  coatings,  but  they  may  also  require 
good  resistance  to  the  elements — water,  fire,  sunlight,  and 
to  other  agents  such  as  gasoline,  alcohol,  acids  or  alkalis. 
Flexibility  is  also  looked  for  in  transparent  films  along 
with  high  tensile  strength,  but  in  addition,  dielectric 
strength  and  impermeability  to  moisture  are  often 
sought  for. 

Molding  conditions  necessitate  good  cold  flow  in  plas- 
tics but  hardness,  high  impact  strength,  toughness  and  a 
varied  amount  of  flexibility  should  be  present  in  the  fin- 
ished molded  product,  depending  upon  its  use.  A  very 
definite  effect  is  exhibited  on  the  tensile  strength,  elonga- 
tion, toughness,  flexibility  and  hardness  of  any  plastic  com- 
position by  the  addition  of  plasticizers.  Any  one,  any 
combination  or  all  of  the  above  characteristics  will  be 
affected  in  a  definite  manner  by  the  concentration  of  the 
plasticizer.  Flexibility  and  tensile  strength  increase  as 
the  concentration  of  plasticizer  increases  although  it  may 
be  quite  low.  A  small  concentration  of  plasticizer  may  be 
sufficient  to  increase  the  flexibility  and  tensile  strength  of 
one  plastics  but  insufficient  to  bring  about  the  same  effect 
in  another,  thereby  necessitating  a  higher  concentration. 
A  breaking  point  can  easily  be  attained  by  bringing  up  the 
plasticizer  content  to  such  a  degree  as  to  overload  the 
tensile  strength  and  thereby  bring  about  decreased  plas- 
ticizer efficiency.  Various  plasticizers  will  be  used  in  dif- 
ferent concentrations,  and  therefore  a  breaking  point  will 
also  vary  for  each  so  that  a  low  concentration  in  one  will 
bring  about  a  breaking  point,  while  a  higher  concentration 
in  another  may  be  necessary.2  This  effect  of  concentration 
of  plasticizer  can  best  be  realized  by  actual  test  which 
shall  be  left  to  the  investigators  and  not  to  the  users  of 
plasticizers. 

Effect  on  Mofd/ng 

In  a  molding  composition,  plasticizers  can  increase  flow 
and  thus  insure  the  complete  filling  of  the  cold  cavity, 
thereby  giving  a  perfect  reproduction,  especially  with  pieces 
of  complex  form.  If  there  is  too  little  binder  or  if  there 
is  too  quick  a  reaction  of  a  thermosetting  binder  under 


28 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


the  heat  of  the  mold,  resulting  in  hardening  of  the  com- 
pnsition  before  closing  the  press,  there  may  be  insufficient 
flow.  The  molder  can  overcome  this  difficulty  hy  cooling 
before  charging,  but  this  only  increases  molding  time,  If 
;i  resin  such  as  this  has  been  taken  to  an  unduly  advanced 
of  reaction,  its  hardening  would  be  accelerated  and 
it  would  thereby  be  prevented  from  flowing  freely.  The 
addition  of  a  plasticizer  can  improve  all  these  conditions. 
The  resin  should  be  soluble  in  this  plasticizer,  and  in 
compositions  that  are  reactive  the  two  should  either  un- 
dergo reaction  and  become  infusible  or  the  resin  should 
remain  in  solid  solution  with  the  plasticizer  in  the  molded 
material.  If  plasticizer  content  is  too  high,  or  if  the  sub- 
stance is  incompatible  with  the  composition,  a  spotted  sur- 
face will  be  the  result.  Plasticizers  may  be  added  to  the 
resin,  to  the  filler  or  to  the  molding  composition.  Surface 
blemishing,  sticking  or  staining  of  the  mold  can  be  avoided 
by  completely  thorough  mixing.  This  may  not  be  as  simple 
as  it  sounds,  and  may  present  difficulties.  When  preparing 
sheeted  compositions,  the  temperature  at  which  the  prep- 
aration may  be  worked  is  brought  down  to  such  a  point 
by  the  incorporation  of  plasticizers.  This  is  an  important 
consideration  if  the  material  is  to  be  packed  in  the  mold 
before  pressing.* 

Cost  Factors 

Certain  cheap,  fundamental,  raw  materials  as  phthalic 
anhydride,  sebacic  acid,  phenol,  cresol,  glycols  and  various 
others  to  which  the  chemist  is  limited  in  synthesizing  a 
plasticizer,  usually  result  in  products  that  are  also  cheap. 
The  low  cost  of  these  products,  therefore,  makes  possible 
a  market  for  plastics  compositions  which  require  plasti- 
cization  to  make  them  workable  and  useful. 

Potentially  good  resins  lacking  certain  properties  which 
cannot  be  supplied  by  one  plasticizer  but  require  a  com- 
bination of  them,  will  be  controlled  by  cost.  It  will  not 
cost  any  more  to  use  the  combination  of  plasticizers  than 
it  will  to  use  just  the  one.  The  concentration  of  each  plas- 
ticizer in  the  combination  would  be  less  than  that  of  the 
one,  so  that  an  average  cost  equivalent  to  that  of  the  one 
plasticizer  will  be  obtained  without  any  increase  in  the 
cost  of  the  finished  product.  Similarly  the  addition  of  plas- 
ticizers to  relatively  expensive  resins  can  bring  down  their 


cost  without  any  loss  of  efficiency  or  value  to  the  product. 
The  resultant  cheapness  of  many  of  the  plasticized  plastics 
can  be  attributed  therefore  to  the  cheapness  of  the  plasti- 
cizers used. 

When  a  plastics  material  loses  plasticizer,  it  undergoes 
embrittlement — another  difficulty  that  has  to  be  overcome 
in  the  production  of  various  products  such  as  plastics  for 
insulating  electric  cables,  protective  coatings,  films,  sheet- 
ings, extruding  and  molding.  Plastics  used  in  insulating 
electric  cables  and  wiring  would  hardly  be  a  suitable  one 
if  in  the  course  of  an  indefinite  span  of  time,  it  would  be- 
come dry  and  brittle  and  subject  to  cracking  and  peeling. 
But  if  there  were  some  means  of  preventing  this,  the 
plastics  would  be  of  considerable  value. 

Here  again  the  plasticizer  can  step  in  and  provide  the 
solution.  In  incorporating  a  plasticizer  of  low  volatility 
the  resultant  product  will  have  good  dielectric  properties, 
stability  and  flexibility  and  will  not  tend  to  dry  out  and 
crack.  Similarly,  the  incorporation  of  plasticizers  of  low 
volatility  in  products  to  be  molded,  sheeted  or  extruded 
will  prevent  embrittlement  and  tend  to  give  good  products. 

The  most  satisfactory  plasticizers  in  use  today  are  the 
aromatic  ethers  such  as  />-tertiary  amylphenyl-w-butyl 
ether,  tris  (diethylene  glycol  monoethyl  ether)  citrate ; 
aromatic  ketones  as  ethyl-o-benzoyl  benzoate  (Ketononc 
E);  aromatic  esters  as  phthalates  (dioctyl  phthalate),  gly- 
colates  (butylphthalyl  butyl  glycolate  or  Santiciser  B-16)  ; 
alcohol  ethers  as  Cellosolve  phthalates  (dibutyl  Cellosolve 
phthalate  or  Kronisol) ;  chloresters  acetoacet-0-chlo- 
ranilide  (chloracetanilide)  and  aceto-acet-2,  S-dichlo- 
ranilide  (dichloraceto  acetanilide)  and  aromatic  amides  as 
the  toluene  sulfonic  acid  derivatives  o-  and  /i-toluene  sul- 
fonamide  (Santicizcr-9)  and  o  and  p  toluene  ethyl  sul- 
fonamide  (Santiciser  8). 

Resins  Requiring  Plasticizers 

Not  all  resins  require  plasticizers  to  make  them  adaptable 
to  production.  Some  intrinsically  possess  the  necessary 
properties  to  make  them  good  plastics.  There  are  also  some 
resins  which  may  or  may  not  require  plasticizers  depending 
upon  whether  or  not  a  better  product  may  be  obtained  as 
a  result  of  a  slight  addition. 

The  group  of  resins  below  fall  into  the  category  that 
(Continued  on  page  104) 


KftONIftOL 

OtOCTVL 
PHTHALATC 

W'     DIOCTVL 
PMTHALATB 
•  '•    METHOK 

KMONITCX 
KP-I4O 
MCTHOX 

ITMOX 

Ol      CAM* 
PWTMALATE 

«AI>»OL 
X'-tS 

KP  110 

VYNW       NO 
FLAtTICIZI* 

i 

2 

I 

TIME   (MIN) 

4                  s                 •                  7                 a                 •                 to                it 

k- 

— 

— 

••• 

M 

— 

•—  • 

—• 

— 

WILL   NOT   FL 

UX 

1 

Roll  mill  fluxing  time — 30%  plosUcizen.  70%  "Vinylite  VYNW",  employing  30  psl  (team  pressure  on  roll* 


<UARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


29 


Improved  Techniques 
For  Band-Sawing  PL 


Buttress-type  band  saw  operating  at  4000  1pm  cutting  2" 
diameter  nitrocellulose  at  rate  of  17  pieces  per  minute 


Band-sawing  acrylics  at  speeds  of  2500-4500  fpm.   Inset 
is    a    closer    view    of    the    coarse-pitch    buttress    band 


u 


.  A. 


Cutting  a  Wide  Variety  of  Materials  Is  Facilitated  by  the 
Use  of  High-Speed  Saws  with  Coarse-Pitch  Buttress  Bands 


THE  rapid  development  in  recent  years  of  many  new 
plastics  materials  has  raised  unusual  cutting  and  shap- 
ing problems  which  can  be  solved  only  through  a  special 
study  of  each  technique  employed  in  fabrication.  One  of 
the  most  important  of  these  techniques  is  that  of  band 
sawing,  a  basic  process  in  a  large  proportion  of  fabricat- 
ing jobs. 

Plastics  have  been  given  thorough  consideration  by  band 
saw  technicians,  and  data  have  been  developed  to  guide 
the  users  of  band  sawing  machines  in  adapting  them  to 
particular  types  of  plastics  materials.  Variations  in  the 
hardness,  thickness,  abrasiveness  and  other  properties  of 
plastics  affect  saw  selection,  velocity  and  feeding  pressure 
employed  in  each  operation. 

The  term  "band  sawing"  refers  to  execution  of  a  straight 
cut  or  curve  within  the  range  of  a  YI"  or  wider  blade. 
A  more  recent  development  is  "contour  sawing,"  which 
originated  less  than  a  decade  ago  with  the  introduction  of 


the  contour  sawing  machine  incorporating  an  infinitely 
variable  speed  unit  and  the  coincident  development  of 
precision  saw  bands  as  narrow  as  1/16". l  This  combination 
made  possible  the  navigating  of  extremely  small  radii  for 
the  production  of  steel  dies,  three-dimensional  parts,  re- 
production forgings  and  other  complicated  shapes.  In  the 
metal  industry,  the  process  is  better  known  as  "contour 
machining." 

The  older  method  of  band  sawing  plastics  involves  con- 
ventional velocities  and  bands  of  standard  pitch,  but  this 
is  by  no  means  the  most  modern  and  productive  procedure. 
The  fact  has  become  established  by  extensive  research  that 
a  substantial  increase  in  velocity  when  sawing  plastics  re- 
sults in  unprecedented  cutting  rates,  higher  precision  and 
improved  finish.  The  outcome  of  this  research  was  the  high- 
speed machine  and  the  buttress  type  band.  The  buttress 
band  increases  the  cutting  rate  of  the  standard  pitch  saw 
an  average  of  50%  on  plastics.  The  accompanying  table, 


30 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


with  your  present 
presses  and  mold  equipment 


IT'S  not  a  dream.   It's  being  done,  right  now,  in 
plenty  of  plastics  plants— with  the  help  of  Thermex 
high  frequency  heating  equipment.  By  heating  uni- 
formly in  a  fraction  of  the  usual  time,  Thermex 

speeds  up  cycles,  sup- 
plies material  as  fast  as 
presses  can  handle  it. 
Improved  quality 
and  greater  structural 
strength  in  the  finished 


product  result  from  the  use  of  fully  automatic,  port- 
able Thermex  units.  Number  of  rejects  is  minimized 
because  of  uniform  heating — no  cores,  no  granular 
or  spongy  moldings.  Molding  pressures  are  re- 
duced 50%  or  more,  molds  last  longer. 

Write  for  full  information  on  the  new  line  of 
Thermex  Red  Heads,  developed  expressly  for  the 
plastics  industry.  Portable,  automatic,  self-con- 
tained. The  Girdler  Corporation,  Thermex  Divi- 
sion, Louisville  1,  Ky. 


Mode/  28X0 

JAM  AKY    19.15 


A  GIRDLER 
PRODUCT 


PLASTICS 


THE  FIRST  INDUSTRIAL  HIGH  FREQUENCY 
DIELECTRIC  HEATING  EQUIPMENT 


31 


Materials 


General  Recommendations  for  Band-Sawing  Plastics 

Saw   Pitch 
Work  Thickness  (In) 
l/2246 


Saw  Velocity 

Work  Thickness  (In) 

1/2  2  4  6 


Methyl  Methacrylate   (No  Fillers) 

( Plexiglas,   Lucite)    ..- 6 4 3 2.. 

Cellulose  Acetate  and  Butyrate  (No  Filler) 

(Bakelite,  Herculoid,  Fibestos,  Lumarith,  Nixonite,  Plastacele,  Tenite — I,  Tenite — II) 6 4 3 2.. 

Phenolic  (Cast)   (No  Filler) 

(Bakelite,  Catalin,  Marblette,  Baker  Resin,  Gemstone,  Opalon).... 
Phenolic  (Laminate) — Paper — Canvas  Base  , 

(Farlite,  Formica,  Insurok,  Lamicoid,  Micarta,  Panelyte,  Phenolite,  Textolite) 6 4 4 3.. 

Phenolic  (Laminate) — Glass  Fabric  and  Asbestos  Fillers 

(Farlite,   Formica,  Insurok,  Lamicoid,  Micarta,  Panelyte,   Phenolite,  Textolite) 6 4 4 3.. 

Polystrene  (No  Filler) 

(Bakelite,    Loalin,    Lustron,   Styron) ....6 4         4         3.. 

Phenolic  (Molds) — Fabric — Wood  Flour 

(Bakelite,  Gemstone,  Catalin,  Marblette,  Opalon,  Prystal) ....6 4         3         2.. 

Phenolic  (Molding) — Macerated  Fabric — Sisal — Felt 

(Bakelite,  Gemstone,  Catalin,  Marblette,  Opalon,  Prystal) 6         4 4 2.. 

Urea  (Molding— No  Filler) 

(Bakelite,  Cibanoid,  Beetle,  Plaskon,  Uformite) 6 4         3         3. 

Vinyl  Resin  (No  Filler) 

(Butacite,  Saflex— TS,  Butvar,  Saflex,  Vinylite— X). ... 


..3600 2800 2500 2300 

..4200 3700 3500 3000 

.4600 4000 3500 3000 

..4500 4300 4000 3500 

..3900 3400 2800 2500 

..4700 4500 4200 4000 

..4400 3600 2700 2500 

..3000 2500 1800 1800 

..4700 4500 4200 4000 

4700 4500 4200    4000 


evolved  by  the  Do-AIl  Co.,  Desplaines,  111.,  applies  to  high- 
velocity  machines  using  the  buttress  band,  (although  this 
type  of  band  is  said  to  perform  more  efficiently  than 
standard  bands  on  plastics  even  when  operated  only  at  the 
maximum  velocities  of  ordinary  type  band  saws.) 

Designed  for  infinitely  variable  speeds  ranging  from 
1500-10,000  fpm,  the  high-speed  band  saw  can  be  used  for 
a  wide  variety  of  cuts,  and  for  hundreds  of  basic  materials, 
whether  soft,  hard,  abrasive,  sticky  or  spongy.  The  but- 
tress band  delivers  its  peak  efficiency  in  connection  "with 
the  high-speed  machine,  but  the  two  are  not  inseparable. 
Any  type  of  band  can  be  used  with  the  high-speed  machine 
and  the  buttress  band  is  adaptable  to  any  dependable  make 
of  band-sawing  equipment. 

Plastics,  generally  speaking,  are  band-sawed  most  effi- 
ciently with  the  improved  saws  at  velocities  from  2500 
to  5000  fpm,  depending  on  thickness  and  kind  of  plastics, 
and  the  finish  desired.  However,  when  used  in  regular 
type  machines  and  at  the  highest  available  velocities,  these 
saws  still  excel  by  far,  from  the  point  of  view  of  quantity 
and  quality  production,  the  better  types  of  metal-cutting 
and  spring-tempered  bands. 

Following  the  recommendations  for  saw  selection  and 
pitch  as  given  in  the  table  should  eliminate  a  great  deal 
of  experimenting  by  the  operator  who  has  occasion  to 
band  saw  any  of  the  plastics  listed. 

The  new  coarse-pitch  free-cutting  bands  are  available 
in  four  widths  and  four  pitches,  and  provide  all  require- 
ments to  cut  these  materials.  The  assortment  consists  of 


y4"-4  pitch;  Y4"-6  pitch:  y2"-S  pitch;  y2"-4  pitch;  %"-3 
pitch;  l"-3  pitch  and  \"-2  pitch.  When  using  standard 
pitch  saws  it  is  a  rule  to  use  the  widest  band  possible  to 
assure  maximum  guiding  accuracy,  so  that  if  a  small  radius 
is  involved  it  means  using  a  narrow  band  and  necessarily 
a  finer  pitch  to  conserve  band  strength.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  new  tooth  construction  makes  coarse-pitch,  narrow 
bands  available  without  sacrificing  band  strength;  as  a 
matter  of  fact  even  the  J4"  new  type  band  has  no  more 
tendency  to  "lead"  than  a  1^4"  standard  pitch  band. 

Inferno/  Cut  Technique 

Thus  far,  band  sawing  applications  on  plastics  have 
consisted  mostly  of  external  cuts  but  internal  work  is  sure 
to  gain  in  prominence  with  time.  Straight  or  contour  saw- 
ing plastics  externally  is  as  simple  as  sawing  wood  in  one's 
basement  workshop,  especially  true  with  the  improved 
band,  on  account  of  its  clean  cutting  properties  on  the 
average  plastics  material.  Internal  sawing,  as  herewith 
briefly  described,  requires  a  starting  hole  drilled  at  a  pre- 
determined location  and  adjacent  to  the  layout  line. 

The  diameter  of  the  hole  depends  on  the  width  of  saw 
to  be  used.  The  saw  is  carefully  cut,  one  end  passed 
through  the  starting  hole  and  the  halves  re-joined  by  butt 
welding.  If  the  machine  has  no  built-in  welding  unit,  the 
equipment  used  should  be  trusted  to  produce  a  weld  capa- 
ble of  withstanding  the  high  velocities. 

The  methyl  methacrylates  present  no  band  sawing  prob- 
(Continucd  on  Page  108) 


NOTCH  OUT  STOCK 
BETWEEN  HOLE  AND  LINE 


LAYOUT 


.2-J.-1-L 

16  6    3Z !6 


9    16 

SAW  WIDTH 


SAW   KERF 


1.  CUT 
THIS  LINE 


?.  CUT 
THIS  LINE 

3.  NOTCH  OUT 
THIS  STOCK 


Left,  radius-cutting  capacity  for  saws  of  various  widths.  A  considerably  smaller  radius  than  shown  may  be  cut  by  oper- 
ator as  he  gains  experience.  Center  and  right  are  drawings  illustrating  the  technique  for  internal  band-sawing.  Drilling 
a  single  starting  hole  (center  sketch)  is  usually  sufficient.  From  the  starting  hole  the  saw  may  be  used  as  if  it  were  a 
file  to  "notch  out"  corners.  Thus  a  jagged  comer  can  be  removed  or  straight  path  provided  for  closely  following  the  line. 
Right,  turns  can  be  navigated  without  holes,  by  notching  with  the  saw  after  cutting  lines  1  and  2  to  provide  a  square  corner 


32 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


High  Pressure 

with 

Increased  Capacity 


' 


for  industry 


Motor  mounted. . .  3OOO  p.  s.i... . 2.25  G. P. M. 

Constant  volume  or  integral  pressure  control 

• 

These  higher  capacity  pumps  now  available 

• 

Specifications  and  Engineering  Data  on  Request 


// 


MVUutUe  L/u/idf 


420  LEXINGTON   AVENUE,   NEW  YORK    17,  N.  Y.     •      FACTORIES:  WATERTO WN,  N.  Y. 

JANUARY  1945  PLASTICS 


33 


In  the  Rockwell  hardness  test,  timing  it  a  vital  factor 

PF.RHAPS  the  most  important  part  of  the  development  of 
a  new  product  is  careful  and  methodical  testing.  Al- 
though plastics  properties  have  been  determined  and  tabu- 
lated by  research  laboratories,  colleges,  and  manufacturers, 
there  is  a  recognized  need  for  certified  test  reports  on  the 
properties  of  any  particular  plastics  material  made  with 
new  formulas  and  processing  techniques.  When  test  speci- 
mens must  be  prepared  from  raw  materials,  a  laboratory 
equipped  to  duplicate  actual  molding  and  laminating  pro- 
cedures and  issuing  unbiased  reports  is  indispensable.  This 


TEST  litre 

Aids  Product 
De  ire/op  me  nt 

.    f\. 


Development  Engineer 
United  States  Testing  Co. 


Laboratories  Specializing  in 
Testing  Help  Industry  Avoid 
Common  Pitfalls,  Act  as  Small 
Companies'  Research  Division 


need  is  urgent  because  manufacturers  cannot  afford  to  rely 
on  physical  property  tables,  which  are  often  outmoded  be- 
fore the  ink  is  dry.  They  must  know  immediately  whether 
their  article  or  material  will  "stand  the  gaff"  or  will  break- 
down under  normal  usage.  In  order  to  obtain  these 
answers  with  relatively  low  expenditure  of  time  and  money, 
manufacturers  submit  representative  samples  of  their  ma- 
terial to  a  testing  laboratory,  where  it  goes  through  the 
following  steps: 

1.  Visual  examination  of  the  material  and  determination 
of  the  proper  specification  or  test  to  which  it  must  be  sub- 
jected in  order  to  answer  the  inquiry. 

2.  Preparation  of  suitable  test   specimens  by  machining 
or  molding. 

3.  Subjecting  the  test  specimens  to  a  predetermined  or 
standard  conditioning  atmosphere  of  controlled  temperature 
and  humidity.    This  is  done  in  order  to  simulate  "use"  con- 
dition and  to  effect  uniformity  of  moisture  content  in  test 
specimens. 

4.  Immediate  transfer  of  the   specimens  to  the  testing 
machine  or  apparatus,  performing  the  test  after  making 
such  measurements  of  dimension  and  weight  as  are  pre- 
scribed for  the  determination  of  the  particular  characteris- 
tic involved. 

5.  Compilation  of  results  and  conclusions. 

Then  the  test  reports  are  submitted  to  enable  producers 
to  control  the  uniformity  and  quality  of  their  products,  to 
select  the  proper  material  for  a  given  application,  or  to 
design  better  and  cheaper  products. 

The  large  manufacturer  with  plenty  of  raw  material, 
facilities  and  equipment  for  research  is  not  the  only  one 
who  may  initiate  the  use  of  a  new  material  or  develop  a 
{Continued  on  Page  78) 


When  using  the  Bureau  of  Standards  abrasion-testing  de- 
vice, the  sample  is  mounted  on  the  wheel  and  brought  in- 
to contact  with  abrasives  under  a  20-lb  load.  The  dial 
micrometer  (top)  measures  reduction  in  sample  thickness 


34 


JANUARY  1945 


This  instrument  measures  the  tensile  strength  of  laminates  Plastics'  specific  gravity  found  by  weighing  in  air,  water 

Plastics  injected  beneath  rabbit's  skin  to  determine  possibility  cf  skin   irritation  if  used  by  human  beings 


J 


/or 


Phenolics,  Cellulose  Acetate 


Butyrate  Win  Permanent  Place  in 


Expansion-Joint  Divider  Strips 


THE  age-old  art  of  laying  terrazzo  flooring  provides 
another  instance  in  which  plastics  made  their  original 
entry  as  wartime  substitutes  for  metals,  but  wound  up 
by  gaining  a  permanent  share  of  the  market,  strictly  on 
their  own  merits. 

The  proper  fabrication  of  this  type  of  flooring  demands 
the  use  of  divider  strips  to  take  up  the  expansion  and  con- 
traction in  the  marble-chip  composition.  Brass  had  been 
the  material  traditionally  employed  for  centuries,  but  dur- 
ing the  1930's,  zinc  had  become  accepted  as  a  50-50  sub- 
stitute. and  the  use  of  zinc  grew  as  the  wartime  scarcity 
<>f  brass  increased.  Plastics  had  been  tried  out  on  a  small 
scale  before  the  nation  felt  the  impact  of  war,  but  it  was 
not  until  zinc  itself  became  critical  that  plastics  were  given 
a  real  opportunity  to  display  their  value. 

In  1940,  when  metal  was  freely  available,  over  6,000,000 
ft  of  brass  and  zinc  were  used  in  terrazzo  decorations 
on  floors,  stairs,  ornamental  murals,  etc.  By  1943,  even 
though  there  was  much  less  building  construction,  over 
850,000  linear  ft  of  plastic  extrusions  were  used  for  this 
purpose.  The  fact  that  600,000  ft  of  Formica  phenolic  and 
250,000  ft  of  Tenite  II  (cellulose  acetate  butyrate)  were 
used  during  that  sub-normal  construction  year  indicates 
a  rapid  acceptance  after  the  war.  Although  it  took  more 
than  9  years  for  the  industry  to  accept  zinc  as  a  50-50  sub- 
stitute for  brass,  according  to  current  estimates,  plastics 


"Tenite  II".  extruded  into  resilient  divider  strips  for  terrazzo 
flooring,  is  riveted  to  strips  of  galvanized  iron  and  set 
in  rough,  wet  cement  which  forms  a  base  for  the  flooring 


The  rough  cement  is  "trued  up"  before  terrazzo  composition 
is  added.  Cracks  which  develop  during  hardening  or  set- 
tling will  be  localized  and  run  evenly  along  the  divider  strips 


Terrazzo  Flooring 


will  gain  their  proper  acceptance  in  the  terrazzo  industry 
within  5  years,  and  then  prohahly  upwards  of  3,000,000 
linear  ft  will  be  used  every  year.  Added  to  this  may  he 
5M.IMX)  ft  for  angles  and  the' 800,000  ft  needed  in  normal 
tinif.  fur  I>;IM-  head--.  This  optimistic  pre<liction  is  based  on 
tin-  fact  that  4  months  after  the  restrictions  on  metals  were 
lifted,  the  demand  for  plastics  still  held  up. 

The  strips  of  Formica  or  Tenitc  II,  attached  to  a  base 
of  galvanized  iron  to  keep  them  rigid,  are  set  into  the  first 
•.cratch  coat  of  cement  so  as  to  protrude  to  the  proper 
extent.  After  this  dries,  the  marble-chip  composition  (part 
mayneMte  is  used  to  produce  a  lighter  terrazzo)  is  poured, 
Hush  with  the  strips.  Grinding  brings  out  the  finish  of 
the  marble  and  at  the  same  time  levels  the  surface. 

The  plastics  strips  have  proven  equal  to  brass  (which 
heretofore  was  considered  excellent  for  the  purpose)  in 
many  applications,  and  better  than  any  metal  in  some. 
First  i>t  all  the  Rockwell  hardness  test,  one  measure  of 
toughness,  showed  that  the  plastics  used  in  this  application 
were  comparable  to  brass.  In  actual  use  they  wear  down 
evenly  with  the  surrounding  rocklike  material  and  so  main- 
tain the  smoothness  of  surface  under  the  hardest  usage. 
Tlu-  plastics  can  be  set,  formed  and  ground  in  the  same 
manner  as  hra>s.  In  cost  the  plastics  compare  favorably 
with  the  cheapest  metal  used  for  strips.  In  a  test  for  fire 
ha/anl.  a  welding  flame  of  approximately  3000°  F  was 

Worker  fills  areas  between  strips  with  terrazzo.  Since  the 
plastics  strips  can  be  made  in  any  color,  they  permit  more 
varied  color  schemes  than  are  possible  with  zinc  or  brass 


placed  directly  on  a  plastics   inlaid   floor.     The  material 
melted  but  did  not  burn. 

Another  advantage  of  plastics  over  brass  is  that 
in  shaping  the  design  they  can  l>e  joined  with  cement  more 
quickly  and  cheaply  than  metal  can  be  brazed  or  soldered, 
('•rinding  operations  are  quicker.  Strips  of  the  new  ma- 
terial localize  minor  cracks  which  occur  when  terrazzo 
floors  settle  or  contract  while  hardening.  Instead  of  ap- 
pearing as  an  irregular  split,  the  cracks  tend  to  run  evenly 
along  the  plastics. 

Moisture  has  no  appreciable  effect  on  the  plastics  and 
there  is  no  danger  of  discoloration  due  to  oxidation.  In 
resistance  to  strong  soaps  and  alkali  cleansers  the  plastics 
equal  metals,  and  in  dailies,  where  lactic  acid  is  present, 
the  plastics  are  superior  because  of  their  non-corroding 
qualities. 

Though  not  fully  exploited  as  yet,  the  unquestioned 
beauty  of  plastics  will  win  them  a  more  favorable  position 
for  terrazzo  strips.  The  design  .and  permanent  color  of 
this  form  of  flooring  has  been  its  obvious  attraction,  and 
the  harmonious  tracery  of  colorful  extrusions  can  accent 
and  enhance  its  patterns. 

For  reasons  of  beauty,  economy  and  practicability  the 
terrazzo  industry  is  likely  to  demand  millions  of  feet 
of  pla.stics  extrusions  each  year.  END 

Alter  hardening,  terrazzo  a  ground  level  and  smooth  with 
abrasive  disc  and  water.  Thus  ground.  "Tenite  II"  does 
not  discolor  surrounding  areas.  Waxing  is  the  final  step 


COLORED  "VINYLITE"  INSULATION  SIMPLIFIES  WIRE  IDENTIFICATION.    UPPER  LEFT,  TESTING  CABLE  COATING  FLEXIBILITY 


Cable  Coverings 


The  Many  Outstanding  Properties  of  Vinyl 
Elastomer  Resins  Have  Won  Them  a  Permanent 
Place  in  Jacketing  and  Primary  Insulation 


AMONG  the  most  significant  stories  of  industrial  devel- 
opment to  come  out  of  this  war  will  be  that  of  the 
yeoman  service  performed  by  what  were  originally  substi- 
tute materials  for  natural  rubber.  And  the  whole  story  will 
by  no  means  be  told  with  an  account  of  the  strides  made  by 
>ynthetic  rubber.  The  synthetic  elastomers — rubber-like 
plastics — particularly  the  vinyl  resins  and  their  derivatives, 
will  have  a  story  of  their  own  to  recount. 

As  pointed  out  by  John  L.  Collyer,  president  of  The 
B.  F.  Goodrich  Rubber  Co.,  in  his  talk  before  the  recent 
Sl'I  Fall  Conference  (see  article  elsewhere  in  this  issue), 
the  total  tonnage  of  rubber  "relief"  provided  by  polyvinyl 


chloride  and  other  plastics  during  the  last  2  war  years, 
in  filling  roles  ordinarily  served  by  rubber,  is  greater  than 
the  normal  tonnage  of  tree  rubber  obtained  from  all  South 
and  Central  American  sources  combined! 

Vinylite  copolymer  resins,  products  of  the  Bakelite  Corp., 
are  examples  of  the  rapidly-spreading  application  of  the 
elastomers  to  wire  and  cable  coverings — a  field  of  tremen- 
dous, untapped  potential,  for  it  will  continue  to  grow  along 
with  the  spread  of  electrification  throughout  the  world. 

These  materials  contain  relatively  large  amounts  of  plas- 
ticizer,  which  accounts  for  their  rubbery  nature,  but  they 
are  immune  to  most  of  the  factors  which  cause  natural 
rubber  to  deteriorate,  being  highly  dielectric,  resistant  to 
water,  water  vapor  and  oil,  and  non-oxidizing  with  age. 
Their  tensile  strength  is  greater  than  that  of  rubber  com- 
pounds of  comparable  hardness,  and  they  are  more  than 
three  times  as  resistant  to  abrasion.  They  have  an  extraor- 
dinarily long  flexing  life,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  slower 
rate  of  "snap  back"  and  a  lower  safe  operating  tempera- 
ture, these  elastomers  compare  favorably  with  natural 
rubber  in  practically  all  respects. 

In  addition,  the  fact  that  they  may  be  produced  in  an 
unlimited  range  of  colors,  opaque  to  transparent,  offers 
unusual  possibilities  for  the  styling  of  post-war  products. 
They  also  possess  certain  advantages  over  natural  rubber 
in  fabricating  methods.  Being  thermoplastic,  they  require 
no  vulcanization,  and,  unlike  rubber,  may  be  molded  or 
extruded.  Cotton  braiding  and  lacquering — required  with 
natural  rubber — are  eliminated. 

(Continued  on  page  110) 


1.4 


Some  of  the  many  types  of  cables  using  vinyl  Insulation 


-30-20-10    0     10   20  30  40  50  60  70  80 
TEMPERATURE-DEGREES  CENTIGRADE 

Effect  of  ambient  temperature  on  dielectric  loss  factor 
of  4  plasticised  vinyl  chloride-acetate  resins:  A  typical 
primary  insulation  compound  (A),  a  typical  material 
used  as  jacketing  on  stationary  applications  (B),  and 
extremely  flexible  portable  cable  jacketing  (C)  and  (D) 


JVM  AKV    1945 


PLASTICS 


39 


The  Silicones— 

A  New  Plastics  Family 


Metal-banded  glass  coil  forms  water- 
proofed by  silicone.  Surface  resistiv- 
ity with  water  on  surface,  measured 
in  saturated  atmosphere,  remains 
above  10'-  indefinitely.  Surface  re- 
sistivity and  power  factor  unchanged 
after  many  days'  water  immersion 


I 


Reach  New  High  in  Insulation  and 

Stability;  Extend  Temperature  Range  of  Electrical  Equipment 


WITHIN  the  past  few  months  a  strikingly  new  class 
of  semi-inorganic  high  polymers,  based  on  silicon 
and  oxygen  instead  of  carbon,  has  become  commercially 
available  to  the  plastics  and  allied  industries.  Bridging  the 
gap  between  completely  organic  and  inorganic  products, 
these  new  materials  are  finding  widespread  application  in 
the  form  of  liquid  dielectrics,  lubricants,  greases,  varnishes 
and  resins,  imparting  to  the  compounds  in  which  they  are 
used  a  broader  range  of  service  temperatures,  good  dielec- 
tric properties  and  general  inertness. 

More  than  a  decade  ago  the  chemists  and  technicians  of 
Corning  Glass  Works  began  a  study  of  organic  derivatives 
of  silicon.  Whereas  plastics  were  made  primarily  of  car- 
bon atoms,  Corning  chemists  felt  that  silicon,  being  chemi- 
cally analogous  to  carbon,  could  also  yield  plastics.  As 
glass  is  a  silicon  compound,  a  study  of  its  makeup  could 
provide  enough  information  to  create  new  plastics  materials 
of  industry  retaining  certain  desirable  properties  of  glass 
and  some  newer  ones  of  the  resins. 

In  February,  1943,  the  facilities  of  the  Dow  Chemical 
Co.  were  joined  with  those  of  the  Corning  Glass  Works 
and  a  new  subsidiary  was  formed,  known  as  Dow  Corn- 


ing Corp.  Finally  commercial  production  was  an- 
nounced in  June  of  1943,  and  Dow  Corning  became  the  first 
commercial  producer  of  the  silicones.  The  demands  of  war 
necessitated  rapid  strides  in  production,  and  all  available 
forms  of  silicones  have  gone  into  qualified  war  applications. 

Key  men  in  the  development  of  silicones  from  research  to 
commercial  production  were  Dr.  Eugene  C.  Sullivan,  presi- 
dent of  Dow  Corning  Corp.  and  vice-chairman  of  the  board 
of  directors  of  Corning  Glass  Works,  in  charge  of  re- 
search ;  W.  R.  Ceilings,  vice-president  and  general  manager 
of  Dow  Corning  Corp. ;  Dr.  J.  F.  Hyde,  in  charge  of 
organo-silicon  research  at  the  Corning  Glass  Works ;  Dr. 
E.  C.  Britton,  director  of  Organic  Research  Laboratory, 
Dow  Chemical  Co. ;  Dr.  R.  R.  McGregor,  senior  fellow, 
Technical  Glass  Fellowship,  Mellon  Institute. 

These  new  high  polymer  products  are  made  from  the  raw 
materials  of  sand,  brine,  coal  and  oil  (see  chart  p.  44). 
From  a  chemical  viewpoint  these  resins  are  an  important 
departure  since  carbon  is  replaced  by  silicon  as  the  new 
4-point  bond,  differing  from  conventional  plastics.  (Silicon 
is  related  chemically  to  carbon).  Next  to  oxygen,  silicon  is 
the  most  abundant  element  on  earth,  usually  found  in  the 


40 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


A  "Paper  Prescription"  filled  by  MOSINEE  takes  all  the  guesswork  out 
of  the  selection  of  the  proper  paper  for  your  manufacturing  processes. 

MOSINEE  can  be  "engineered"  specifically  for  your  needs,  with  absorp- 
tion, strength,  density,  thickness,  acidity,  or  other  characteristics  geared 
to  your  processing  or  treating  materials. 

Thus,  MOSINEE  can  aid  you  in  speeding  up  your  war  production,  and 
help  you  in  your  progress  on  post-war  products. 


Pltasl  aJJrelt 

your  letter 
'Attention  Dtft.  B" 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


41 


The  two  photos  above  illustrate  a  microscopic 
examination  of  "Fiberglas"  coated  with  a  sili- 
cone No.  993  resin,  showing  the  distribution 
and  size  of  particles  magnified  100  times. 
The  samples  are  4  (left)  and  7  mils  thick. 
Below  is  a  similar  magnification  of  ground 
insulation  consisting  of  mica  laminated  to 
"Fiberglas"  with  silicone  993  resin.  Note 
the  homogeneity  of  the  10-mil  specimen  at 
the  right.  Left  is  a  specimen  5  mils  thick 


APPROXIMATE  ECONOMICAL             APPROXIMATE  BROAD 

SERVICE  RANGE                                    RANGE  OF  USEFULNESS 

r> 

1  —  500°  F 

475°  f  — 

—  450 

425  — 

I  —  400 

375  — 

. 

SILICONE 

SILICONE 

1  —  350 

(CLASS  B,  TREATED) 

(CLASS  B,  TREATED)     ^     325 

— 

> 

I  —  300 

275  — 

CONVENTIONAL 

—  250 

(CLASS  B) 

f    225  — 

- 

CONVENTIONAL    J 

—  200 

(CLASS  B)           |      175_ 

' 

I 

__150          IV  CLASS  A 

CLASS  A    {    125  — 

C 

rj 

INSULATION  THERMOMETER  FOR  ELECTRICAL  WINDINGS 

ICourlely  Notiono    Electric  Coil  Co.) 

combination  with  oxygen  known  as  silica.  The  name 
silicones  covers  organosilicon  oxides,  polymers,  and  cross- 
linked  polymers.  The  kinds  and  structures  of  these  resins 
may  be  varied  according  to  the  number  and  kind  of 
radicals  attached  to  the  basic  silicon  atom.  Thus,  it  is  pos- 
sible to  create  ethyl,  methyl,  and  methylphenyl  silicones. 
Silicone  molecules  are  large  and  infinitely  variable  and  can 
be  tailored  in  their  properties  to  specific  uses. 

The  new  silicone  products  are  available  as  water-white 
fluids,  capable  of  withstanding  high  and  low  temperatures, 
electrical  varnishes  and  insulating  resins,  as  well  as  lubri- 
cating greases  for  special  uses.  They  have  solved  many 
problems  where  conventional  materials  have  failed.  Silicone 
chemistry  has  made  possible  the  manufacture  of  better  and 
lighter-weight  electrical  equipment. 

One  form  in  which  silicones  have  proven  their  value  has 
been  in  combination  with  Fiberglas,  glass  in  filament 
form.  Because  of  its  exceptional  thermal  resistance  and 
strength,  it  has  replaced  cotton,  paper,  and  cambric  to 
effect  a  considerable  increase  in  the  heat  resistance  of 
electrical  insulation.  However,  the  varnishes  and  im- 
pregnants  previously  used  with  Fiberglas  insulation  did  not 
allow  full  advantage  to  be  taken  of  its  heat  resistant 
properties.  The  usual  varnishes  and  resins  consist  of 
carbon  and  hydrogen  molecules,  which  are  very  combustible 
under  certain  thermal  conditions.  For  full  utilization,  it  was 
necessary  to  have  a  substance  which  would  not  carbonize 
and  decompose  in  an  electrical  device  where  heat  and  mo- 
tion and  consequent  effects  were  of  importance.  Such  a 
substance,  a  bond  coating,  would  have  to  equal  and  supple- 
ment the  performance  of  the  Fiberglas.  The  introduction 
of  Dow  Corning  silicones,  therefore,  made  possible  an  en- 
tirely new  group  or  class  of  electrical  insulation. 

Temperature  Factor 

The  life  of  electrical  equipment  depends  mainly  on  the 
kind  of  spacing  and  insulating  materials  used.  One  requisite 
of  insulation  is  the  ability  to  withstand  temperatures,  as  well 
as  to  withstand  exposure  conditions  to  which  the  equip- 
ment will  be  subjected ;  however,  the  main  purpose  is  to 
keep  out  water.  Ordinary  insulating  varnishes  keep  out 
water  well  enough  under  ordinary  circumstances,  but  fail 
when  subjected  to  excessive  heat.  The  conventional  resins 
carbonize  and  ultimately  break  down,  thus  admitting  water 
and  dust.  Electrical  devices  designed  with  Fiberglas  as  in- 
sulation and  silicones  for  impregnants  and  varnishes  are 
capable  of  withstanding  high  temperatures  without  admit- 
ting moisture.  Silicones  can  be  produced  in  the  form  of 
stable  dielectrics  which  fill  in  voids  well,  hold  conduc- 
tors in  place  and  provide  good  heat  conductivity  and  water 
resistance. 

It  has  been  considered  that  50  to  75°  C  was  the  maximum 
safe  temperature  rise  for  insulation  of  class  B  type. 
Now,  with  the  silicones,  temperatures  of  175°  C  are  nor- 
mal, and  may  go  to  250-300°  C,  under  overload  conditions 
without  failure.  This  combination  of  silicones  with 
Fiberglas,  asbestos  and  mica  has  thus  created  a  new  quality 
of  electrical  insulation  not  only  for  heat  resistance,  but 
also  for  moistureproofness  and  ability  to  withstand  tough 
service  conditions.  As  there  is  no  standard  AIEE  or 
NEMA  designation  for  the  new  insulation,  it  has  been 
advocated  that  the  abbreviation  HTS  be  used,  meaning 
"High  Temperature  Silicone."  This  insulation  permits 
substantial  reduction  in  the  weight  as  well  as  size1  of  elec- 
trical equipment.  A  3  hp  totally-enclosed  induction  motor, 
for  example,  was  redesigned  into  a  10  hp  motor  with  no 
weight  or  size  increase,  the  life  of  the  motor  was  consider- 
ably increased  also.  Now  it  is  possible  to  use  this  new  re- 
designed motor  in  localities  where  the  normal  temperatures 
exceed  those  of  average.  (Continued  on  Page  44) 


42 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


jf\: 

•"••••>.,.. 

.  -    ": 


*SmM fAit 


\ 


Speed,  economy  and  accuracy  are  typical  performance 
features  of  a  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine. 
The  milling  operation  on  this  master  hob  is  an  excellent 
example.  Read  this  job  report  — 

MASTER  HOB— MATERIAL— High  Carbon— High  Chrome  Steel. 
TIME  DISTRIBUTION— Set-up,  y4  ;  Layout,  l'/4;  Rough  Mill 
Complete,  10;  Finish  Mill  Complete,  29.  A  total  time  of  41  hours. 

Check  these  advantages  of  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head 
Milling  Machine  and  how  you  can  benefit  from  them 
in  your  own  shop: 

DIRECT  .  .  .  mills  mold  cavities  in  a  single  set-up  with- 
out the  aid  of  templets  or  models. 


ACCURATE  .  .  .  chances  for  error  are  eliminated  be- 
cause there  is  no  change  in  set-up.  Exact  control  of 
all  combinations  of  cutting  movements  —  possible 
only  with  this  machine  —  transmits  mathematical 
precision  to  the  work. 

FAST  .  .  .  initial  job  preparation  and  set-up  time  is  re- 
duced to  the  minimum.  Accurate  performance  of  the  ma- 
chine saves  operator's  time  and  rapid  production  of  in- 
tricate molds  and  dies  is  the  result. 

Write  jor  Bulletin  No.  1002C  and  complete  information. 


Kearney  &  Trecker 


BUILDERS  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGETMILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER  •  AUTOMETRIC  JIG  BORER  •  CENTER  SCOPE. 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee  14,  WUconnn 

Sublldiory   of   Krorney    t    Tr«k»r   Corporation 


R,SiCI, 
(Orgonic 

Silicon 
Chloride) 


> 

i 

i 

HYDROLYSIS   TO  SILANOLS 

RSi(OH), 
(Silonetriols) 

R;Si(OH); 

(Stlonediols) 

R,S.OH 

(Silonols) 

X 

/ 

CONDENSATION 

TO  SILOXANES 

R                  R 
-  Si  -  O  -    Si  -  O  - 

1 

O 

{  Polysilsequioxones) 

R 
-    Si-  0 

R 
(Polysiloxones) 

R  SiOS.R 
(Disiloxones) 

]  STRUCTURAL   UNITS   PRESENT   IN   SILICONES 

^                   / 

\                      ^ 

SILICONE 
LIQUIDS 

SILICONS 
RESINS 

SILICONE                 SILICONE 
GELS                         GUMS 

Diagram  showing  the  derivation  of  silicone  liquids, 
resins,  gels  and  gums  from  four  principal  sources 

Silicones  are  used  in  HTS  insulation  constructions  as 
follows : 


TABLE   I.— Physical   Properties,  Silicone  No.  993 

Solids  content  (dried  3  hr  at  135°  C— %  by  weight) /O 

Density  (at  25°  C) 1 .075 

Weight  per  gallon   (Ib) 8.97 

Viscosity  (poises  at  25°  C) 6-12 


Drying  time,  to  tacit-free  condition 


(hr,  250°  C) 1-3 


(1)  As  an  impregnant,  coating  and  binder  for  Fiber glas 

served  magnet  wire. 

(2)  As  a  varnish  for  impregnating  and  coating  Fiber- 

glas  or  asbestos  cloth,  tape  and  sleeving. 

(3)  As  an  adhesive  for  bonding  mica  laminations  to 

Fiberglas  or  to  asbestos  cloth  for  ground  insula- 
tion. 

(4)  As  a  sealing  varnish  for  filling  voids  and  completely 

waterproofing  assembled  products. 

There  are  two  types  of  silicone  varnishes  intended  for 

impregnating  high  temperature  electrical  equipment.  One 

type  affords  a  flexible  coating  which  retains  its  properties 

under   extreme   conditions.      The   other   type    is    changed 

PURDUE 

44  " "LIBRARY" V  P  L  A  S  T  '  C  S 


(hr,  225°  C) 6-15 

Heat  endurance  (flexibility  retention  at  250°  C,  hr) >50 

by  heat  from  a  viscous  fluid  to  a  hard  polymerized  solid 
throughout  deep  cross  sections.  Being  thermosetting,  this 
type  does  not  melt  or  flow. 

Si/icone  Impregnating  Resins 

The  silicone  principally  used  in  HTS  insulation  and 
especially  designed  to  have  the  required  retention  of  flexi- 
bility at  high  temperatures  is  Dow  Corning  No.  993.  This 
resin  is  noted  for  non-breakdown  on  exposure  to  high 
temperatures  and  retention  of  insulating  properties  in  high 
humidities.  Such  a  combination  of  properties  permits  the 
operation  of  equipment  at  temperatures  of  175°-200°  C 
under  conditions  of  extreme  humidity. 

Silicone  No.  993,  when  coated  on  panels  and  air  dried,  is 
a  sticky  film  which  becomes  tack-free  after  1-3  hr  of  bak- 
ing at  250°  C.  Used  on  Fibcrglas-served  magnet  wire, 
the  cure  may  be  hastened  by  increasing  the  temperature  in 
wire  bonding  ovens.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
curing  temperatures  and  possible  operating  temperatures 
are  high  enough  to  carbonize  cellulose  matter,  and  there- 
fore paper,  cloth  or  any  other  organic  insulation  should 
not  be  used.  For  such  devices  as  high  speed  armatures 
where  the  resin  must  hold  conductors  securely  in  position 
against  excessive  centrifugal  force  effects  at  elevated  tem- 
peratures, resin  No.  2052  is  recommended. 

The  following  is  the  recommended  procedure  for  impreg- 
nation of  electrical  equipment : 

All  traces  of  moisture  must  be  baked  out  at  105°-135°  C 
(220°-2758  F),  for  a  period  of  4-20  hr,  depending  upon 
the  mass  of  the  article.  Dip  or  vacuum  impregnate 
while  the  equipment  is  warm  and  allow  a  3-5  hr  soak. 
Remove  the  product  from  the  varnish  and  allow  to  drain 
for  a  minimum  «f  1  hr.  Then  bake  it  at  220°-275°  F 
(105°-135°  C)  to  remove  the  solvent,  the  length  of  the  bake 
again  depending  upon  the  mass  of  the  product.  The  solvent 
must  be  removed  completely  before  proceeding  to  the  next 
step.  Cure  6-10  hr  at  450°-500°  F  (232°-260°  C)  ;  cool  to 
around  100°  F  (38°  C),  and  repeat  all  the  steps.  As  a  rule, 
two  dips,  or  one  vacuum  impregnation  followed  by  a  dip 
coating  are  sufficient. 

Silicone  No.  993  is  sold  as  a  70%  by  weight  solution  in 
Solvesso  number  2  unless  otherwise  specified.  This  resin 
has  a  viscosity  of  6-12  poises  at  250°  C,  lower  and  higher 
viscosities  also  being  available. 

The  usual  standard  procedure  for  testing  electrical  insu- 
lating varnish  (ASTM  D-114-41)  has  been  modified  to 
evaluate  this  resin.  The  temperature  utilized  for  the  drying 
time  and  heat  endurance  has  been  increased  to  correspond 
with  the  higher  drying  temperature  and  heat  stability  of 
No.  993.  Since  bare  copper  panels  oxidize  at  temperatures 
above  200°  C  panels  of  aluminum  or  cadmium-plated  cop- 
per are  substituted. 

(Continued  on  Page  112) 


TABLE  2.—  Electrical  Properties,  Silicone  No.  993 


Power  factor  at  1000  cycles  (%) 

Dielectric  constant  at   1000  cycles  .......................................................  3-= 

Dielectric  strength  (v  per  mil)  ....................  .............................  1500-200 

Tests  made  on  4  mil  Fiberglas  cloth  (type  ECC-II-II4)  coated  with  No.  993 
to  an  overall  thickness  of  about  7  mils  and  cured  until  tack-free.  Samples  were 
then  conditioned  at  25°  C  and  50%  relative  humidity. 


JANUARY  1945 


Here's  the  fastest  DoALL — the  advance  model 
that  is  doing  a  sensational  job  of  cutting  plastics, 
plywoods,  laminates  and  non-ferrous  metals  in  the 
aircraft  industry — keeping  ahead  of  delivery 
schedules. 

Developed  especially  to  handle  the  new 
war-born  materials  that  will  play  an  impor- 
tant part  in  all  kinds  of  products  of  the 
future. 

A    FEW    ZEPHYR    SPEEDS 


'/("   Methyl   Methacrylate 
'/«"   Molded    Phenolic 
1/16"  Laminated    Phenolic 
6"   Polystyrene 


135  lin.  in.  per  min. 
200  lin.  in.  par  min. 
230  lin.  in.  per  min. 
40  tq.  in.  per  min. 


Except  at  point  of  work,  all  moving  parts  are  fully  housed, 
giving  utmost  protection  to  operator  who  has  fingertip 
control  for  instant  stopping,  starting  and  changing  speeds. 
Weighs  3,300  pounds — a  pillar  of  ruggedness  to  eliminate 
vibration  and  support  speeds  up  to  and  including  12,000 
f.p.m. 

For    now    and    the    future— investigate 
the  DoALL  Zephyr.  Writ*  for  literature. 


Contour  Sawn;     i*i  ffa 


DoALL 


INDUSTRY'S     NEW     SET     OF     TOOLS 


CONTI 


ENTAL 

Washington   i 


Minneapoli 


Sal-i   ft  Service  Offices:    Baltimore,    Birmingham,    Beilon.    Chicago,   Cincinnati,   Cl«v«lond.   Denver,    Detroit,   trie.  Grand   Rapids, 

Hartford,  Houtton,  Indianapolis,  Las  Angeles,  Milwauke*,  Minnvapolis.  New   York,  Orlando,  Philadelphia.  Pittsburgh.  Providence, 

Rochester,  Rockford,  St.  Louis,  Sen  Francisco,  Seattle.  Toltdo.  Tulsa. 


J\M  \m 


PLASTICS 


45 


NAME  PLATES 

For  War  and  Post-War 

&&W. 


&.    Felsenthal    &   Sons 


Improvements  Made  to  Meet  Military 
Needs   Will  Spur  This  Old  Application  tor 
Plastics  to  New  Peacetime  Gains 


EMERGENCY    EXIT 
PULL    HANDLE     TO    OPEN 

CAUTION-    DO     NOT    FLY    AIRPLANE 


I     HANDLE     IS     PUSHED     AS     FAR 
,S    POSSIBLE    AND    SAFETY    WIRED 


24V 


OUT-OFF  IN-ON 


Five  varied  types  of  name  and  instruction  plates  which  have  won  plastics  a  well-deserved  place  in  strategic  war  equipment 


THE  tremendous  versatility  of  sheet  plastics  has  long 
been  demonstrated — in  aircraft  navigational  instru- 
ments, dials,  calibration  plates,  transparent  enclosures,  eye- 
shields,  identification  cases,  washers,  grommets  and  a  host 
of  special  parts  used  on  all  types  of  equipment. 

Of  their  numerous  applications,  one  has  been  brought  to 
a  particularly  high  state  of  perfection  by  the  war,  with 
its  demands  for  clear  and  durable  markings.  This  use  is  in 
name  and  instruction  plates,  which  are  actually  one  of  the 
oldest  fields  for  the  fabrication  of  sheet  plastics.  Years 
ago,  before  most  other  plastics  were  even  thought  of,  cellu- 
lose nitrate  was  used  for  making  name  plates  where  some 
special  effect  was  desired  that  could  not  be  obtained  with 
metal.  It  took  World  War  II,  however,  with  its  global  oper- 
ations and  metal  shortage,  to  develop  other  plastics  materials 
possessing  special  qualities  needed  to  resist  extreme  cli- 
matic conditions  and  severe  use,  and  still  offer  maximum 
visibility  under  all  conditions. 

The  accompanying  chart  of  the  physical  characteristics 
of  the  plastics  commonly  used  for  this  purpose  contains  in- 
formation which  should  be  helpful  in  determining  the 
proper  specifications  for  any  particular  requirements. 

There  are  many  advantages  in  using  a  plastics  like 
vinyl  copolymer  resin  to  produce  name  and  instruction 
plates.  Its  resistance  to  moisture  and  to  most  acids,  hydro- 
carbons and  oils  is  excellent.  Age  has  little  effect  on  its 
appearance  or  utility,  although  sunlight  will  darken  this 
resin  on  prolonged  and  intense  exposure.  It  is  non-flam- 
mable, dimensionally  stable  and  will  not  warp,  shrink  or 
curl.  It  will  not  corrode  and  does  not  support  fungus. 
This  latter  attribute  has  made  the  vinyls  particularly  suited 
for  instruction  plates  and  wiring  and  schematic  diagrams 
where  the  Navy  has  required  material  to  be  fungus-re- 
sistant. 

Plastics  name  and  instruction  plates  may  be  had  in 
almost  any  thickness  from  .010*  up;  the  most  commonly 


used  range,  however,  runs  from  .020  to  .065"  in  thickness. 
Surfaces  may  be  specified  either  as  glossy  or  matte,  de- 
pending on  the  uses  to  which  they  are  to  be  put.  A  matte 
surface  is  preferable  when  reflected  light  must  be  avoided 
or  writing  must  be  applied  to  surface. 

Vinyl  copolymer  and  cellulose  acetate  sheets  can  be 
blanked  to  any  shape  required  or  formed  to  fit  special  con- 
tours. The  flexibility  of  these  plastics  in  the  thin  ranges  per- 
mits bending  rather  than  forming  them  to  simple  curves. 

Almost  any  color  or  combination  of  colors  may  be  had, 
and  all  printing  inks,  including  fluorescent,  show  up  bril- 
liantly. If  numbering  is  required,  the  plates  may  be  num- 
bered consecutively  during  the  printing  operation.  The 
numbers  may  also  be  indented  into  the  top  surface  with 
a  standard  stamping  machine.  Such  indented  numerals 
are  very  clear  and  readable.  If  greater  contrast  is  re- 
quired, however,  it  is  possible  to  fill  in  the  numerals  with 
special  crayon  available  in  almost  all  colors. 

(Continued  on  Page  115) 


Miscellaneous  plates  illustrating  breadth  of  application 


46 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


MARB«-eTT*l 

' 


MS,ns 


Utoff.  •*•*"•   f>bre'   * 


" 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


Plastics  Ride  the  Bails 


GREAT  NORT 


CAPI.  100000 
LDLMT  I  00 
LT  WT  4  00  MEWF.444 


One  of  the  1000  new  boxcars  produced  by  Great  Northern  Railway  Co.  from  Douglas  fir  plywood 


Jtennetk    /<?.    Porter 


Use  of  Resin  -Bonded  Plywood  and 
Steel  Wire  -Reinforced  Laminates 
In  Rail  Cars  Opens  Wider  Range 
Of  Heavy  Assignments  to  Plastics 


First  of  its  kind,  this  baggage  car  was  made 
of  steel-wire  and  cotton-reinforced  paper-base 
laminate  for  Southern  Railway  Co..  England 


THE  Hollywood  property  shop  which  boasts  that  it  catil 
supply  anything  from  hairpins  to  locomotives  has! 
close  rivals  in  a  plastics  and  a  plastics-plywood  companyJ 
both  of  which  produce  materials  used  in  a  wide  variety  of] 
products,  ranging  from  the  smallest  of  trinkets  to  heavy-] 
duty  railway  cars. 

The  plastics  plywood  firm  now  in  the  field  is  Cas- 
cades Plywood  Corp.,  which  recently  disclosed  that  it  haffl 
shipped  enough  plywood  to  Great  Northern  Railway  Co.] 
for  the  construction  of  1000  Douglas  fir  plywood  freight] 
cars.  The  ply  wood— 1 ,400,000  ft— has  been  shipped  to] 
Great  Northern's  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  and  Superior,  Wis.,1 
plants  for  the  manufacture  of  the  cars. 

Constituting  the  railroad  industry's  first  such  cars,  the! 
units  are  2  tons  lighter  than  the  average  conventional  box-l 
cars,  even  though  steel  and  ordinary  lumber  are  used  in 
the  underframes  and  super-structures.  Outside  and  inside  j 
sheathings  are  %"  5-ply  exterior  (waterproof)  type  Doug-j 
las  fir  plywood.  The  cars  are  equipped  with  high-speedJ 
non-harmonic  springs,  wrought  steel  wheels  and  steel  endsi 
and  roofs.  Phenolic  resin  glue  is  used  in  the  plywoodJ 
Ceiling  insulation  is  3-ply  ^"  plywood;  sizes  of  panelsJ 
used  in  the  cars  range  to  a  maximum  of  58^2  X  120". 

Total  capacity  of  the  new  cars  is  SO  tons ;  length  is  40  I 
ft,  6".  The  principal  purpose  for  which  the  cars  werel 
constructed  was  for  shipping  lumber,  newsprint  and  other! 
high-class,  heavy  commodities,  requiring  exceptional! 
strength  and  ruggedness  in  the  car.  Since  the  average! 
weight  of  the  cars  is  45,700  Ib  and  the  capacity  is  3727  cul 
ft,  the  weight-capacity  ratio  is  about  12.26  Ib  per  cu  ft. 

The  underframe  of  the  car,  with  some  exceptions,  is 
constructed  along  the  same  lines  as  in  riveted  carbon  steel] 
cars.  (Continued  on  Page  50)1 


48 


JANUARY  1945 


"LEI'S  WORK  II  OUT  TOGETHER" 


At  Dow,  we  firmly  believe  there  is  one  sure  answer  to  success  in  plastics.  It's  a  simple,  friendly  idea — yet 
so  important  that  we  are  putting  aside  this  advertising  space  to  tell  you  about  it. 

Our  work  with  many  manufacturers  and  molders  all  over  the  country  has  proved  the  value  of  close  and 
continuing  cooperation  with  them  in  developing  nearly  every  job.  As  plastics  move  into  a  period  of  even 
greater  usefulness,  this  teamwork  becomes  increasingly  important;  for  putting  plastics  to  work  right  is  not 
a  one-man  job.  It  is  not  even  a  one-industry  job.  Instead,  it  calls  for  the  combined  skill  and  experience  of 
manufacturer  and  designer — working  step  by  step  with  molder — and  Dow. 

That's  why  we  say  "Let's  work  it  out  together1'' — it  saves  time  and  money  and  puts  plastics  in  their  right  place. 
THE    DOW    CHEMICAL    COMPANY      •     MIDLAND,     MICHIGAN 

New  York  •  li.-i.m  •  Philadelphia  •  Washington  •  Cleveland  •  Detroit  •  Chicago  •  Si.  Louis  •  Houston  •  San  Francnoo  •  Lot  Angnlra  •  Seattle 


I 

rnii  • 


JOW 


PLASTICS 

Styron      Saran      Ethocel 


The  plywood  interior  lining  panels  run  longitudinally 

While  the  use  of  plywood  in  freight  car  construction  is 
not  new,  this  use  by  Great  Northern  is  considered  the  most 
complete  and  extensive  use  as  a  permanent  boxcar  material. 
Except  for  ceiling,  all  panels  are  first  dipped  in  a  special 
clear  sealer  and  surface  hardener,  composed  of  a  pene- 
trating oil  with  suitable  gums,  which  protect  the  back 
(interior)  surfaces  against  decay,  form  a  binder  for  the 
wood  grain  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  provide  a  good  foun- 
dation for  paint.  The  bottom  edges  of  sheathing  are  water- 
proofed further  by  a  heavy  coating  of  car  cement.  The 
exterior  of  the  panels,  after  assembly  to  the  car,  is  coated 
with  iron  oxide  primer  and  two  coats  of  enamel. 

The  back  face  is  protected  from  decay  and  a  strong  base 
is  provided  for  the  varnish  through  the  use  of  the  water- 
proof sealer  on  the  lining.  The  floors,  after  being  sanded 
smooth,  are  also  spray-coated  with  a  sealer  and  hardener 
before  being  varnished. 

Plywood  panels  are  secured  to  the  framing  by  means  of 
cup-washered  bolts  through  siding  at  the  side  sill.  The 
siding  panels  are  butt-jointed  on  the  side  post  nailers. 
The  nailed  butt  joint  allows  enough  motion  between  adja- 
cent panels  to  prevent  nail  breakage  or  edge-tearing  of  the 
plywood.  A  special  heavily-galvanized  oval-head  nail  was 
designed  for  the  exterior  plywood  nailing.  Nail  heads  are 
not  driven  into  the  wood. 

Interior  lining  panels  are  laid  horizontally  to  give  the 
maximum  resistance  to  lading  abrasion,  which  occurs 
chiefly  in  the  horizontal  plane.  Bottom  edges  of  the  panels 
are  embedded  in  car  cement  and  rest  on  top  of  the  top 
flange  of  the  side  sill. 

The  end  lining  is  placed  in  two  vertical  sections,  with 
the  joint  glue-splined  with  waterproof  glue  and  nailed  to 
the  end  nailers. 

Flooring  is  1J4*  tongue-and-groove  construction,  with 
ends  butt  against  the  inside  face  of  the  lining  so  that  boards 
can  be  renewed  without  disturbing  the  lining. 

The  ceiling  panels  run  from  side  plate  to  center  and 

Securing  outside  panels  5»"  thick  to  superstructure 


are  secured  to  the  carline  nailers  by  means  of  Phillips 
screws. 

One  advantage  offered  by  the  use  of  plywood  is  that 
when  it  splits  or  shatters,  ordinary  damage  can  be  easily 
corrected  by  small  inserted  patches,  or,  for  smaller  holes, 
by  means  of  suitable  filler  and  sealer  material. 

British  Development 

Another  company  which  has  aided  the  expansion  of  plas- 
tics into  the  rail  field  is  the  English  firm,  Reinforced 
Plastics,  Ltd.,  which  recently  announced  the  development 
of  a  steel-wire-and-cotton-reinforced  paper — or  fabric-base 
laminate  as  the  body  material  for  a  baggage  car,  used  dur- 


Plywood  sheathing  is  applied  in  the  form  of  large  sections 

ing  the  war  period  for  hauling  priority  freight  similar  to 
that  handled  by  fast  express  in  this  country.  It  is  the  first 
of  10  such  vehicles  to  be  manufactured  for  Southern  Rail- 
way Co.,  and  the  first  basically  plastics  railway  car  body 
put  into  service  in  England. 

The  car  is  a  10-ton  passenger  luggage  van,  designed 
for  the  hauling  of  priority  freight  similar  to  fast  express 
in  the  United  States. 

Plans  for  the  van  were  conceived  by  the  mechanical  en- 
gineering department  of  the  railway  in  the  belief  that  cubic 
(Continued  on  Page  116) 


50 


JANUARY  1945 


fif  Be 


PENACOLITE 


\\ 


IS    NOT    A 

CURE-ALL" 


But 


Many  of  the  things  you've  heard  about  us  are  true.  We  DID  step  In  when  a  low 
temperature,  neutral  phenolic  adhesive  was  urgently  needed  and  we  DID  deliver 
the  necessary  punch.  We're  responsible  for  many  "firsts"  in  the  resin  industry, 
including  the  first  commercial  resorcin  resins.  We  have  the  "know-how"  on  "tailor- 
ing" resin  forming  materials — phenol,  urea,  melamine,  resorcin  and  aldehydes — to 
YOUR  particular  application.  These  end  products  are  of  outstanding  quality  and 
performance  to  suit  YOUR  specific  needs. 

We  make  a  specialty  of  solving  tough  problems.  Are  yours  in  any  of  these  fields? — 


ADHESIVES 

BRAKE   LINING  COMPOUNDS 
IMPREGNATING  VARNISHES 
LOW   PRESSURE   RESINS 
MOLDING   COMPOUNDS 


COATINGS 

GRINDING  WHEEL   RESINS 
ABRASIVE  COATING   RESINS 
BRUSH   SETTING  CEMENTS 
CASTING   RESINS 


PENNSYLVANIA    COAL    PRODUCTS    COMPANY 


P  E  T  R  O   L  I  A 
JANUARY  1945 


Phone    Butler,    Penno. 
•ruin   2641 


PLASTICS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

51 


Only  bearings.  pivot«,  screws, 
springs  and  level  ball  of  this 
turn  and  bank  indicator  are  not 
acrylic.  Vacuum  pump  causes 
model  to  simulate  flight  operation 


Plastics  as  Teaching  Aids 


& 


erf 


f7  ft 

w.     \^loSc 


Transparent,  Easily-Formed  Materials  Used  To 
Demonstrate  Workings  o/  Intricate  Mechanisms 
And  Disclose  Movement  of  Fluid  Flow  Systems 


EARLY  application  of  plastics  to  the  teaching  and  re- 
search fields  were  characterized  by  such  commonplace 
uses  as  transparent  housings  for  mechanical  devices  and 
cutaway  "windows"'  through  which  the  student  or  labora- 
tory worker  could  observe  the  inner  workings  of  varied 
equipment. 

Recently,  however,  through  the  use  of  more  imagination, 
plastics,  particularly  the  transparent  type,  have  been  utilized 
for  an  increasingly  wider  variety  of  applications,  including 
most  of  the  working  parts  of  mechanisms,  with  the  result 
that  they  have  greatly  aided  in  the  pursuit  of  certain  edu- 
cational and  research  programs.  In  addition  to  transpar- 
ency, the  plastics  used  have  also  had  ease  of  forming  to 
their  credit.  It  has  been  found  that  these  plastics  can 
be  handled  very  effectively  on  a  small  scale  with  no  more 
equipment  than  is  used  in  the  average  shop,  thus  making 
it  possible  for  each  school  or  research  organization  to  adapt 
these  materials  to  their  own  purposes. 

An  outstanding  example  of  the  type  of  work  now  being 
done  in  this  field  is  afforded  by  the  Embry-Riddle  School 
of  Aviation,  Miami,  Fla.,  under  the  direction  of  Truman 
Gile,  supervisor  of  research.  The  acrylic  turn  and  bank 


indicator,  pictured  herewith,  has  proven  a  highly  successful 
model  for  visual  education  purposes  at  the  school.  Made 
on  a  scale  of  4-to-l,  the  indicator  is  mounted  on  a  cabinet 
in  which  is  concealed  a  motor-operated  vacuum  pump.  The 
pump  causes  the  model  to  move  in  exact  simulation  of  the 
actual  instrument's  motion  in  flight.  With  the  exception 
of  ball  bearings  and  pivots,  screws,  springs  and  the  level 
ball,  all  parts  of  the  indicator  are  acrylic. 

The  gyro  was  made  with  a  foil-lined  plaster  mold,  using 
methyl  methacrylate  monomer  and  polymer,  cured  under 
steam  pressure.  A  pressure  feed  paint  container  was  used 
as  a  method  of  obtaining  steam,  heat  being  applied  at  the 
same  time  by  this  process.  Some  difficulty  was  experienced 
in  obtaining  clear  objects,  but  once  the  regulated  tempera- 
tures were  established,  the  results  were  more  than  satis- 
factory considering  the  layout  of  equipment. 

The  school's  first  attempts  with  the  manufacture  of  a 
complete  plastics  carburetor  having  no  metal  parts  what- 
soever, were  not  entirely  satisfactory,  though  the  project 
proved  that  it  was  possible  to  mold  certain  thermosetting 
plastics  to  almost  any  shape  desired.  At  this  writing,  the 
molds  had  just  been  completed  and  the  school  shop  had 


52 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Fuel  system  mock-up  of  Douglas  C-54  "Skymaster"  with  tubing  made  of  transparent  "Tenite  IT  to  reveal  flow 


pouring,  preparatory  to  curing,  a  complete  Strom- 
1'D  injection-type  carburetor.    It  plans  in  the  not- 
taut   future,  to  complete  an  entire  engine  of  stock 
and  molded  plastics. 

Kmbry-Riddle  has  used  plastics  quite  extensively  for 
time.  In  mock-ups,  it  has  made  plastics  fuel  and 
hydraulic  systems,  sectionalized  carburetors,  and  instru- 
ments and  instrument  cases ;  and  in  lined  molds,  has  poured 
thicknesses  up  to  4",  obtaining  castings  completely  free 
of  air  bubbles. 

Research  engineers  of  the  Douglas  Aircraft  Co.  are 
enthusiastic  about  the  many  uses  they  have  found  for  plas- 
tic- in  both  the  laboratory  and  for  educational  purpose^ 
Dr.  F.  J.  Krieger,  in  charge  of  research  on  non-metallic 
materials,  states: 

•me  men  in  the  service  schools  are  slow  to  grasp  a 
written  explanation  of  how  an  airplane  hydraulic  system 
\vork~.  Show  them  the  system  in  operation,  however,  espe- 
cially if  it's  made  of  plastics  so  they  can  see  the  flow  of 
fluid  through  the  lines,  and  it  doesn't  take  the  average 
American  long  to  get  the  idea." 

Dozens  of  plastics  parts  are  being  turned  out  in  the 
Douglas  research  laboratories.  Each  part  is  an  exact  du- 
plicate of  an  airplane  component.  Booster  cylinders,  valve 
rtap  actuating  mechanisms,  selector  bleed  valves,  main  ac- 
cumulator tanks,  and  other  parts  too  numerous  to  mention, 
all  intricate  and  involving  close  tolerances,  are  being  ma- 
chined from  large  and  small  blocks  of  transparent  methyl 
methacrylate. 

The  plastics  parts  are  designed  to  function  at  only  one- 
third  the  actual  operating  pressure  used  on  the  airplane, 
for  the  actual  operating  pressure  of  the  system  may  be 
from  1000  to  3000  psi. 

Although   a   certain   technique   is   required,   no   serious 
(Continued  on  Page  118) 

Acrylics  show  structure  and  operation  of  these  units: 
Top,  views  of  C-54  selective  relief  valve  upper  hous- 
ing (left)  and  lower  housing;  center,  hydraulic  accu- 
mulator; bottom,  the  power  control  valve  of  the  C-54 


MM  \\{\     MM.> 


53 


WHAT  CAN  YOU  DO  WITH 


Plexiglas 


PLEXIGIAS  "Bubble"  conopy 
n  the  Republic  Thunderbolt 


-FORMED  BY  A  FAST,  IMPROVED  PROCESS? 


THE  latest  word  in  plastics  fabrication  i-  a  PLEXICLAS 
"bubble"  canopy  designed  for  use  on  fighter  planes. 
Developed  in  cooperation  with  the  Army  Air  Forces  and 
leading  aircraft  manufacturers,  the  PLEXICLAS  canopy  is 
produced  by  means  of  a  special  new  vacuum-forming 
process  developed  in  our  plants.  This  new  fast  method 
requiring  a  minimum  of  equipment,  permits  the  forming 
of  large,  one-piece  curved  sections  of  PLEXIGLAS,  and  — 
most  important  —  preserves  the  excellent  optical  qualities 
of  PLEXICLAS  sheet. 

To  users  of  plastics  this  new  process  opens  an  entirely 
new  field  of  possibilities  for  utilizing  such  inherent  advan- 
tages of  PLEXICLAS  as  exceptional  strength,  resistance  to 
chemicals,  permanent  transparency,  dimensional  stability 
and  low  water  absorption.  The  new  method  greatly 
extends  the  range  of  designs  that  can  be  executed  in 
PLEXICLAS  —  makes  possible  the  economical  fabrication 
of  many  parts  which  might  be  impractical  to  mold  on 
compression  or  injection  presses  because  of  size  or  die 
cost  considerations. 


Typical  of  the  many  new  products  which  can  be  made 
of  PLEXICLAS  by  this  process  are  lighting  fixtures,  radio 
cabinets,  business  machine  housings,  displays. ..  In  all 
probability  a  vacuum-formed  PLEXICLAS  part  can  im- 
prove the  performance  or  appearance  of  your  product, 
too.  We'll  be  glad  to  tell  you  more  about  it  —  or  to  assist 
you  with  any  phase  of  your  work  with  plastics.  Just 
write  or  call  our  nearest  office:  Philadelphia,  New  York, 
Detroit,  Chicago,  Los  Angeles,  Cleveland.  Canadian 
Distributor:  Hobbs  Glass  Ltd.,  Montreal. 


Only  Rohm  and  Haas  makes 

PLEXIGLAS 

CRYSTAL-CLEAR    ACRYLIC    SHEETS 
AND    MOLDING    POWDERS* 

•Formerly  CRYSTALITE  Molding  Powders 


PLUICUJ  u  tkt  trade-mark,  Reg.  U.S.  Pal.  Off.,  for  ike  acrylic  rain  thermoplastic  iheeu  and  molding  powders  manufactured  by  Rohm  &  llaai  Company. 
Represented  by  Cia.  Rohm  y  Haas.  S.R.L.,  Carlos  Pellegrini  331,  Buenos  Aires.  Argentina,  and  agents  in  principal  South  American  cities. 


ROHM 


HAAS   COMPANY 


n  is///  Yf.v/M  >•«;»(  (/{/•:.  riiiL.-tnKi.rni  i.  ri. 

Manufacturers  ol  Chemicals  including  Plastics  .  .  .  Synthetic  Insecticides  .  .  .  Fungicides  .  .  .  Enzymes  .  .  .  Chemicals  tor  the  Leather.  Tsitile  and  other  Industries 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of   Plastics   Applications   to   Post-Wor   Prod- 


SV.VMC  (AWMUXU 


sv.v  •  X'viw  v.tt«v.\xv. 


"m 

w 


'••     i«d  by  Baitolucci-Waldhetn 

for  a  contemporary  bedroom,  this 

lamp  can  be  mad*  with  either 

inipuionl   plastic* 

••    acetate   ihade 


I 


a  puite  combination  dubber: 
lenal  Radio"   m   enca»ed  in  a  "Tenitc" 
frame  with  a    V... 

.•il  dlaplaya  a  tcale  with  a  roll-up 

A.  Dockendorli 

i     \<n  designed  a  n.  nlrror 

on  th"  a  alway 


Practical  Aspects  o/  Radio 
Frequency  Preheating 


General   Manager,   Kurz-Kasch,    Inc. 

Holder  Finds  "Heatronics"  Offers  Low  Cost,  More  Pieces 
Per  Man-Hour,  Low  Mold  Pressures;  Fast,  Uniform  Cures 


Fig.   1.    Early  type  of  preheating  oven  with  stationary 
shelves  did  not  produce  uniform  heating  of  bulk  powders 


IN  the  development  of  radio- frequency  preheating,  the 
plastics  industry  has  acquired  an  extremely  valuable 
weapon,  with  which  it  can  advance  its  competitive  indus- 
trial position  in  many  positive  ways.  But  this  can  be  a 
two-edged  weapon,  causing  harm  if  not  used  construc- 
tively to  improve  products  and  refine  techniques,  or  if 
used  merely  to  lower  production  costs. 

Preheating  or  tempering  of  molding  materials  prior 
to  the  pressing  operation  is  not  new.  We  at  Kurz-Kasch 
have  used  conduction  preheating  for  many  years.  By  this 
means  it  has  been  possible  to  improve  the  flow  of  the 
material  in  the  mold,  accelerate  the  close  of  the  mold  and 
cure  of  the  piece,  also  reduce  the  closing  pressures.  Al- 
though many  advantages  were  obtained  by  this  method 
the  fact  remains  that  molding  materials — being  insulators 
— resist  heat  absorption,  and  therefore  a  preform  so  heated 
is  considerably  hotter  at  the  outside  surface  than  it  is 
at  the  inside  of  the  preform. 

A  common  means  for  preheating  is  the  double  steam 
plate  in  which  a  layer  of  preforms  is  placed  between  the 
upper  and  lower  plate.  In  such  an  oven  generally  two 
or  more  complete  mold  charges  are  placed,  depending 
upon  the  overall  time  cycle.  Time  of  preheat  is  from 
5  min  and  up,  depending  upon  the  temperature  of  oven 
and  thickness  and  weight  of  material  in  the  charge. 


Fig.  2.    Improved  oven  with  temperature  controlled 
and  charge  rotated  continuously  during  heating  cycle 


Another  common  means  of  preheating  (Fig.  1)  is  an 
oven  with  a  shelf  arrangement.  With  it,  either  preforms 
on  trays  or  the  bulk  powder  in  pans  can  be  heated.  It  is 
difficult  to  get  uniform  preheating  of  bulk  powder  in  a 
stationary  tray  and  for  that  reason  we  adopted  the  pre- 
heater  shown  in  Fig.  2. 

This  is  merely  an  oven  in  which  the  temperature  is 
controlled  and  in  which  a  charge  of  bulk  material  is 
rotated  continuously  through  the  heating  cycle.  The  re- 
sult is  a  very  uniformly-heated  bulk. 

These  methods  have  been  used  for  years  and  probably 
always  will  be.  But  in  principle  they  are  resisted  by  the 
material  and  today  can  be  considered  a  "has-been." 

"Heatronics,"  which  can  be  defined  as  the  preheating 
of  molding  materials  by  means  of  radio-frequency,  has 
given  us  a  method  by  which,  for  the  first  time  in  history 
of  molding,  a  charge  of  material  can  be  heated  nearly 
uniformly  throughout  its  mass  in  a  very  small  fraction 
of  the  time  previously  necessary.  It  affords  instantaneous 
control  for  preheating  at  a  very  low  cost. 

Our  first  experimental  model  (which  we  called  the 
"hayrack")  was  a  ll/2  kw  output,  RF  generator,  built  and 
adapted  to  heatronics  in  1  week  under  great  pressure  by 
the  Navy  Department.  The  purpose  was  to  produce  cast- 
ings in  less  time  so  as  to  meet  a  very  urgent  requirement 


56 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Machine 
Number 

Four  2-kw  Generators  (16  months) 

Houri        No.  Tubes 

of  Opor-           Used           Average            Recti- 
ation              Oic.              Hrt.               fiert 

Average 
Hr«. 

9096  

3 

.2867  

7  

....2417 

7573  
6170 

2  

•4553  
1683 

7  
,    6 

3659 
2204 

4 
[         Total: 

7457  


1 

1345 

5 

3421 

30.296 

ecret   material.    In   it   we   heated   a   350  gm   pill   of 

Uehnac  592  in  \l/i  min  to  245°  F.    Closing  pressure  was 

cut  in  half  on  this  job,  cure  time  reduced  from  IS  to  8 

min,   characteristics   of   the  molded   piece   improved,   and 

losses  reduced  materially.    This,  to  our  knowledge, 

•he  first  application  of  dielectric  heating  to  Melmac. 

i>e   nf    the    siicce-*    of    these   tests,    the   process    was 


PRESS 

PRESS 

APPLICATOR 


Fig.  3.    Layout  scheme  used  at  Kurz-Kasch,  Inc..  by 
which  one  operator  can  serve  six  RF  equipped  presses 


quickly  applied  to  the  job.    Four  2-kw   (2- A)    13  mega- 
cycle, high-frequency  units  were  installed  June,  1943. 

These  units  have  been  in  constant  operation  since — 24 
hr  per  day,  6  days  per  week   for   16  months.    All  have 
the  -ide  applicator  with  interlock  switch,  and  circuits  are 
ncd   for  single-ended  operation. 

Two  are  equipped  with  single  plate   (Fig.  4)  and  two 
with  twin  plate  applicators.   Each  RF  oscillator  unit  served 
at  !e;tst  two  presses.    During  16  months  of  operation  the 
performance  data  shown  in  the  table  above  was  kept. 
Total  maintenance  cost  per  unit  was  $825,  or  $0.0275 
Derating  hour.    With  an  electric  current  cost  of  $0.045 
per  hour,  total  cost  of  operations  including  maintenance 
and  power,  was  $0.0725  per  hour. 

Our  operation  of  the  four  small  units  was  so  encourag- 
ing that  in  September,  1943,  we  purchased  a  larger  15B 
15-kw  output  unit  (10  megacycle  frequency).  Whereas 
the  2-kw  units  were  placed  either  in  back  of  the  press 
operator  or  alongside  him,  this  unit,  because  of  its  size 
'>  as  to  eliminate  rearrangement  of  press  equipment, 
and  because  it  was  possible  to  have  the  unit  service  six 
identical  molds,  was  located  in  an  area  approximately 
30  ft.  from  the  applicator,  to  which  the  RF  was  "piped." 


Fig.  5.    As  the  preform  rests  on  the  lower  plate,  it  a 
contacted  by  upper  plate.  Duct  draws  off  liberated  gases 


Fig.  4.    Author's  company  makes  144-hr-a-week  use  of  it* 
two   2-kw   (2A)    13   megacycle   single-plate   RF   oscillators 

Fig.  3  shows  the  layout  scheme.  By  this  arrangement 
one  operator  served  the  six  presses.  The  applicator  con- 
sists of  a  40"  square  platform,  table  height,  with  remote 
controls  to  generator. 

Fig.  5  shows  the  preform  setting  on  the  lower  plate. 
The  upper  plate  contacts  the  preform  as  the  guard  is 
lowered.  The  rectangular  opening  immediately  to  the  right 
of  the  upper  plate  draws  off  the  gases  liberated  in  pre- 
heating. This  ventilation  is  necessary  for  large  preforms 
of  Melmac.  In  the  foreground  is  the  valve  for  control 
"I  the  guard,  as  well  as  the  remote  control  panel  for  the 
oM-illator.  In  the  background  are  the  tank  coil  which  is 
Incited  at  the  end  of  the  buss  of  the  RF  duct.  This  is 
necessary  to  balance  the  load  to  the  RF  output  of  the 
oscillator. 

The  piping  system  consists  of  a  "U"shaped  sheet  steel 


miJARY 


57 


Fig.  6.  Preforms  are  made  on  hydraulic  press  using  sim- 
ple die,  consisting  of  plunger,  chase  and  shuttle  plate 


j.  7.  A  770-qam  pill  between  plates 
RF  unit  with  side  applicator.  Air 
p  maintained  between  charge,  plate 


Fig.  8.  For  pills  of  smaller  size 
(up  to  250  gm),  Kurz-Kasch  employs 
this  Defiance  preforming  machine 


Advantages  of  Electronic  Preheating 


Precise  control  of  preheating 
Shortening  of  the  preheating 

time 

Much  lower  molding  pressures 
Less  or  no  washing  of  inserts 
Less  mold  distortion  and 

damage 

Simpler  molding  cycles 
Fewer  contraptions  at  press 
Simplified  material  loading 
Less  material  handling 
Slightly  less  loading  weight 

reguired 

Better 


Lower  plasticity  reguired 
Fewer  types  of  material 

reguired 

Less  warpage  experienced 
No  "weld"  lines 
Minimized  internal  stress  in 

the  piece 

Uniform  density  of  the  piece 
Thoroughly  cured  piece 
Generally  improved  properties 
More  pieces  per  press  and 

man  hour 
Much  faster  cure 
finish 


Disadvantages 

Much  slower  preforming 

The  necessity  for  a  technician  in  R.F.  at  plant 

Additional  floor  area  at  press  reguired 


duct  with  grill  over  the  bottom  and  copper  tubing  on 
stand  off  insulators. 

The  arrangement— oscillator,  transmission  duct  and  ap- 
plicator can  service  the  six  molds  as  shown  in  the  sche- 
matic layout  (Fig.  3). 

This  15-kw  unit  has  been  in  operation  one  year  on  a 
24-hr  day,  6-day  basis,  and  has  actually  been  under  load 
6000  hr.  Six  rectifier  tubes  have  been  replaced  but  no 
oscillator  tubes  changed.  It  is  air  cooled.  The  actual  load 
has  been  only  75%  of  capacity,  so  it  did  not  operate  at 
full  efficiency.  Average  hourly  cost  of  operation  (main- 
tenance 21  c  plus  current  30c)  was  Sic  per  hr  for  the  year. 

With  the  exception  of  one  unit  all  of  the  capacity  out- 
lined has  been  used  for  preheating  Mclmac.  Having  a 
number  of  important  phenolic  parts,  three  additional  3-kw 
oscillators  were  put  in  operation.  Here  the  applicator  is 
attached  to  the  side  of  the  machine  on  sort  of  a  shelf 
arrangement.  A  24"  cubicle  guard,  connected  with  inter- 
lock switch,  operates  vertically. 

Fig.  7  shows  a  closeup  of  a  770  gun  phenolic  pill  just 
before  it  goes  to  the  mold.  Note  that  here  we  use  an 
air  gap  between  preform  and  top  plate.  As  far  as  we  can 
tell,  the  performance  and  operation  cost  per  hour  of  these 
units  is  very  much  the  same  as  the  2-kw — probably  */2C 
per  hour  more,  or  $0.0775  per  hr. 

The  preform  itself — its  diameter,  or  width  and  length, 
thickness  and  density — are  very  important,  since  they  affect 
the  three  important  functions  of  dielectric  preheating — 
power  factor,  dielectric  constant  and  shape.  We  like  to 
use  single  preform  charges  wherever  possible,  as  it  greatly 
simplifies  these  variables.  The  final  result  is  more  uniform 
heat  distribution  throughout  the  mass  of  the  charge  as 
this  offers  fewer  headaches.  Preforms  used  range  in 
weight  from  112  gm  in  general-purpose  phenolic  to  1160 
gm  in  Mclmac,  from  3  to  7"  in  diameter  and  Y*  to  2"  in 
thickness. 

At  present  these  are  made  on  a  hydraulic  press  (Fig.  7) 
in  a  very  simple  die,  consisting  of  a  plunger,  chase  and 
shuttle  base  plate.  A  preweighed  charge  is  placed  in  the 
chase  with  the  base  plate  underneath  it,  the  die  is  closed 
and  the  pill  formed.  When  the  pressure  is  released  the 
base  plate  is  moved  backward  and  the  plunger  pushes 
the  pill  out  of  chase.  Press  capacity  required  ranges  from 
40-100  tons.  Average  production  from  such  an  arrange- 
ment with  one  operator  60-80  per  hour. 

For  pills  of  smaller  size  (up  to  250  gm)  we  are  using 
(Continued  on  Page  120) 

Fig.  9.   A  3-way  split  cavity  used  to  make  a  "Melmac" 
condenser  housing.    RF  cut  preheat  from  25  to  1.4  min 


58 


JANUARY  1945 


METAL-PLASTICS 


ENGINEERING 

DESIGNING 
TOOL   and    MOLD    MAKING 

MOLDING 
SCREW  MACHINE  PRODUCTS 
ETAL  STAMPINGS  and  ASSEMBLIES 


FIFTH    and    COURTLAND    STREETS 


The  First  Plastic 


It's  very  likely  that  your  grandfather  ...  or  your 
Uncle  Uriah  .  .  .  had  intimate  contact  with  plastics 
even  though  he  probably  didn't  realize  it  as  such. 
For,  in  1872,  John  Wesley  Hyatt  registered  a  patent 
for  his  product  "Celluloid."  And  there's  no  dis- 
puting the  fact  that,  for  many  years  thereafter, 
practically  every  well-dressed  gentleman  sported  a 
celluloid"  stand-up  collar  —  unquestionably  one 
of  the  first  plastics  encountered  in  everyday  use. 

Frankly,  our  experience  doesn't  date  back  that 
far.  We're  not  that  old.  We  are,  however,  old 
enough  to  have  had  a  whale  of  a  lot  of  experience. 
But  we're  still  young  enough  to  be  able  to  do  some 
creative  thinking  and  take  part  in  the  amazing  de- 
velopments and  improvements  covering  the  entire 
metal-plastics  field  —  from  basic  design  and  engi- 
neering, through  tool  and  mold-making  to  fabri- 
cating the  product. 

Here  at  Lance  your  complete  requirements  can 
be  placed  under  one  roof  . .  .  with  one  organization 
responsible  for  the  complete  job. 


Naturally  ire  hare  a  limit  to  our  rapacity 
consistent  icith  good  delivery,  and  tre  trill 
not  take  on  commitment*  beyond  that.  How- 
ever, your  product  or  proposed  project  may 
fit  in  ju»t  ichere  and  trhen  in    Inn  r  facili- 
ties available.     Chances  are  that  ire  ran  gel 
together  if  we're  given  the  opportunity  to 
talk    it    over    .    .    .    let's    hear    from    you. 


Manufacturing 
Company 


ring 

y 


•    PHILADELPHIA  40,   PENNA, 


JAM  ARY    1943 


PLASTICS 


59 


Shaping  Plastics 
With  Form  rite  Tools 


3.  C. 

Machine  &  Tool  Designing  Co. 


,  j/, 


n  pouring  the  "Formrite"  fix- 
ure  to  be  used  in  brazing 
;ix  pieces,  clay  is  smeared 
it  all  box  joints  to  prevent 
my  leakage  of  the  liquid 


Two  "Formrite"  brazing  fixtures — one  built  in  two  pieces 
to  facilitate  unloading;  the  other  (same  tool  as  in  photo 
above)  is  ready  for  shipment  with  six  sample  parts 


HISTORY  has  recorded  many  instances  in  which  im- 
portant new  materials  have  received  their  first  real 
opportunity  of  demonstrating  their  full  value  to  society 
during  periods  of  exceptional  stress,  such  as  a  war,  which 
created  a  temporary  shortage  of  the  more  traditional  ma- 
terials. 

So  in  this  war  the  urgent  war-born  necessity  for  replac- 
ing steel  dies  has  given  plastics  and  related  materials  an  open 
door  to  the  industrial  tooling  field,  and  a  chance  to  entrench 
themselves  permanently  in  this  sphere. 

Of  the  various  replacement  materials  now  in  use,  cer- 
tain cold-poured,  self-hardening  compounds  composed 
largely  of  inorganic  matter  have  won  a  firm  beachhead  in 
the  making  of  forms,  dies  and  jigs,  and  have  shown  them- 
selves to  be  particularly  valuable  when  used  in  fabricating 
plastics  parts. 

While  a  strict  interpretation  of  the  word  "plastics"  might 
not  include  materials  of  the  type  mentioned  above,  since 
they  are  not  basically  of  organic  origin,  they  nevertheless 
have  definite  characteristics  and  constituents  in  common 
with  the  plastics.  An  outstanding  example  of  these  sub- 
stances is  Formrite,  which  joins  with  both  cast  synthetic 
resins  and  low-temperature  melting  alloys  as  a  replacement 
for  steel  in  tooling. 

Any  substance  to  be  used  for  industrial  tooling  must  be 
judged  by  its  heat  resistance,  weight,  durability,  reaction 
to  lubricants  and  other  chemicals,  and — probably  most  im- 
portant— its  dimensional  stability. 

Formrite  castings  have  been  kept  at  — 25°  for  24  hr 
following  a  24-hr  preliminary  soaking  in  water,  with  prac- 
tically negligible  effect.  When  a  mandrel  made  of  Formula 
R  of  this  material  was  exposed  repeatedly  to  steam  pres- 
sure at  100  psi  and  337°  F,  the  surface  continued  to  hold 
staples,  which  required  3.5  Ib  pull  to  remove. 

The  specific  gravity  of  Formrite  is  rather  low  as  com- 
pared to  other  casting  materials.  A  jig  weighing  35  Ib 
when  made  of  Formrite,  would  weigh  approximately  200 
Ib  if  made  of  steel.  Furthermore,  the  material  may  be 


60 


JANUARY  1945 


! 


NEW 


CLOSURE 


•  HIGH  PRODUCTION 

Thousands  of  Caps  Per  Hour 

•  FULLY  AUTOMATIC 

One  man  attends  a  battery 
of  presses 

•  COMPLETELY  SELF-CONTAINED 
Simple  Installation 

•  IDENTICAL  PIECES 
Uniform  Split-Second  Timing. 
Human  errors  eliminated 


STOKES  5O  ton 
Hydraulic 
Closure  Press 


WANT  threaded  caps  by  the  thousands  per  hour,  at 
minimum  cost? 
This  machine  will  make  them,  entirely  automatically  — 

feeding  ball  preforms  into  the  multiple  cavity  mold,  clos- 
ing, curing,  opening,  unscrewing,  ejecting  and  continuing 
the  cycle  without  human  attention.  The  machine  requires 
only  7  seconds  per  cycle  for  all 'operations,  exclusive  of 
curing  time.  The  time  cycle  is  set  to  the  split-second  to 
make  perfect  caps  every  time.  It  can  not  vary,  is  inde- 
pendent of  human  error.  One  man  can  attend  a  battery 
of  presses. 

There  are  many  other  economies  available  in  this  press. 
For  instance,  controlled  closing  speed  is  accurately  timed 
to  the  plasticizing  action  of  the  material.  Surging  and 
flashing  are  avoided. 

A  combination  toggle-hydraulic  action  provides  four-point 
support  of  the  platen  and  assures  parallel  closing  of  molds 
—  thus  minimizing  mold  wear  and  assuring  uniform  parts 
requiring  only  tumbling  for  finishing. 

Write  for  further  details  about  this  and  other  revolutionary 
Stokes  Automatic  Closure  Presses  being  readied  for  post- 
war plastics  production. 

F.     J.     STOKES     MACHINE     CO. 
6040  TaHor  Road  Philadelphia  20,  Pa. 


B1AI  Hill/* 


The  cross-section  of  this  plywood-forming  tool  is  so  nar- 
row that  if  made  oi  wood,  warpage  would  be  considerable 


"Formrite"  drill  jig  used  to  drill  eight  holes  in  the 
aluminum  piece  (shown  held  in  hand)  from  five  sides 


cast  with  lightening  holes  to  reduce  weight  still  further. 
It  is  more  durable  than  wood,  for  it  is  non-shrinking, 
water  resistant,  and  heat  resistant.  It  resists  change  in 
dimension  caused  by  atmospheric  conditions,  and  will  with- 
stand intermittent  changes  of  temperature.  Formula  R, 
as  used  for  mandrels,  when  exposed  to  steam  and  heat  will 
show  no  cracks,  laminations  or  swelling.  Age  has  no  ap- 
preciable effect  on  the  durability. 

Dimensional  Stability 

Its  dimensional  stability  can  best  be  shown  by  a  recent 
test  in  which  a  piece  about  45"  long  and  half  a  cylindroid 
in  contour  was  to  be  formed.  A  cross-section  through 
its  longitudinal  center  line  showed  a  barrel  outline.  The 
knotty  part  of  the  job  was  the  maintenance  of  tolerance 
which  had  to  be  held  to  about  .010",  so  that  the  300th 
piece  would  be  interchangeable  with  the  first.  Wood  man- 
drels had  presented  difficulties  because  when  20  of  them 
were  used  to  speed  production,  they  showed  differences  in 
warpage  and  shrinkage,  with  consequent  differences  be- 
tween finished  parts.  Taking  the  place  of  wood,  Formrite 
proved  entirely  satisfactory. 

Besides  meeting  the  basic  requirements  of  a  casting  ma- 
terial, it  has  many  additional  advantages  for  toolmaking. 
For  example,  it  sets  exactly  to  the  dimensions  into  which 
it  is  poured.  Therefore  the  intricate  shrink  rules  which 
must  be  used  on  patterns  for  metal  molds  are  elimi- 
nated. Also  the  original  piece  can  be  used  for  a  model 
instead  of  constructing  an  oversized  pattern. 

The  material  is  easy  to  use.  It  will  flow  cold  and  become 
solidified  without  need  of  special  baking  and  annealing 
ovens.  It  cures  in  8  hr  at  room  temperature  without  further 
attention.  As  for  cost,  in  producing  a  male  plug  for 
forming  an  acrylic,  Formrite  replaced  a  low  melting  alloy 
of  zinc  that  cost  at  least  three  times  as  much.  A  leaf  jig 
capable  of  drilling  69  holes  was  estimated  in  steel  at 
$1,500,  with  no  certain  delivery  date.  Use  of  Formrite 
brought  the  price  down  to  $550  and  delivery  to  3  weeks. 

In  many  instances  steel  dies  conduct  heat  away  from 
a  plastics  being  formed,  thereby  setting  up  unusual  stresses 
and  strains  unless  the  die  is  carefully  heated.  This  danger 
is  eliminated  with  Formrite,  which  is  a  low  conductor  of 
heat. 

The  minutest  detail  of  a  model  plaster  cast  or  part,  re- 
gardless of  the  intricacy  of  shape  or  compound  curves, 
may  be  reproduced  with  perfect  fidelity  at  very  little  more 
than  the  cost  of  a  flat  part.  Besides  forming  drill  jigs, 
brazing  and  welding  fixtures,  milling  and  lathe  fixtures, 
and  other  jigs,  the  material  is  especially  adaptable  to  the 
making  of  checking  fixtures  because  the  master  model  itself 
can  be  used. 

The  piece  to  be  duplicated  is  placed  in  a  phenol-impreg- 
nated laminate  box,  and  Plastelene  applied  to  the  model  to 
facilitate  unloading.  Proper  sized  pins  are  inserted  in  all 
holes  to  be  drilled,  bushings  slipped  over  them  and  locat- 
ing points  and  clamps  provided.  Then  the  Formrite  is 
poured  to  set  by  itself  into  a  mold  or  checking  tool. 

Making  Mandrels 

In  the  making  of  mandrels  it  was  found  that  the  original 
cost  compared  favorably  with  that  of  wooden  mandrels. 
Rework  on  Formrite  mandrels  was  negligible  when  com- 
pared with  maintenance  of  mandrels  made  of  other  ma- 
terials, number  of  rejects  had  been  reduced  to  a  minimum 
and  those  few  were  the  result  of  improper  wrapping  or 
bag  tears.  Production  schedule  had  been  met  as  a  result 
of  quick  delivery  and  low  hourly  maintenance  on  mandrels. 
Tolerance  was  maintained. 

On   later   contracts,   models   were   often   not   available. 


62 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


That's  the  first  thing  to  do  in 
competitive  retail  selling.  Pack  your  products  in  an  attractive  corrugated  display 
box  that  protects  in  shipment  and  promotes  at  point  of  sale.  Such  a  double  duty  package 
is  a  master  salesman  designed  to  attract  customer's  eyes  and  do  a  bang-up  selling 
job  at  the  same  time.  The  result  is  more  dealer  cooperation— and  more  sales.  It's  an 
important  thing  to  think  about  in  the  period  just  ahead. 


>a> 


j 


'IV- 

O-^I. 


n 


<••       r    \_f> 

r-r^  ^-r/k.  _ 

W J.  ±J/I      I'/         ^S*? 

J^^. 


G  :*&*&* 
•V5A>P"     -r^^r 

teic*&  -  \  y-g 


Post-War  Packaging  Idea 

V 

COUNTER    DISPLAY    BOX 

Corrugated  counter  displays  are  rated  "first" 
by  thousands  of  retail  dealers.  Why?  Because 
they  are  strong,  sturdy,  easy  to  handle,  easy 
to  set-up  and  above  all,  easy  to  look  at.  Be- 
cause special  printing  and  die-cut  panels  spot- 
light the  product  name  and  sales  message. 
Because  they're  durable  and  long-lived.  Get 
the  complete  story  in  our  booklet  "Pack  to 
Attract"  Write  today. 


THE    HINDE    &    DAUCH    PAPER    COMPANY,   4575    DECATUR    STREET,    SANDUSKY,    OHIO 


'o  t  I  o  r  I  «  i      In      BALTIMORE     •     BOSTON     •     BUFFALO     •     CHICAGO     •     CLEVELAND     •     DETROIT     •    GLOUCESTER,    N.    J. 
MOBOKEN    •    KANSAS  CITY    •    LENOIR,    N.C.    •    MONTREAL    •    RICHMOND    •    ST.    LOUIS    •    SANDUSK/,   OHIO    •    TORONTO 


J\M 


i<*ir, 


/•  /    I  s  T  I  C  S 


A  plaster  master  was  made  and  faired  in  by 
hand  from  this  assembly  of  five  templates, 
which  are  3/16"  oversize  in  all  contours 


Therefore,  we  developed  a  process  for  making  them  of  fine 
plaster  from  templates  usually  furnished  by  the  customer 
together  with  information  on  stations  and  dimensions.  This 
method  was  faster  in  manufacture  and  often  less  in  cost 
than  wooden  patterns. 

We  have  also  worked  on  a  larger  scale,  supplying  the 
mandrels  for  a  small  plywood  plane.  The  fuselage,  wings, 
aileron  and  other  plane  members  were  to  be  formed,  curing 
and  joining  skin  and  ribs  in  one  operation  under  standard 
autoclave  conditions.  Pilot  wood  mandrels  were  available 
but  since  their  life  is  short,  more  permanent  mandrels  were 
needed.  Some  of  the  specifications  to  be  met  were: 

1.  No  shrinking  or  expanding  of  mandrel  which  would 
bind  ribs  in  slots  or  dislocate  important  blocks. 

2.  Mandrels  to  be  used  as  fitting,  shaping  and  assembly 
forms  for  ribs  and  blocks. 

3.  Forms  to  be  used  as  checking   fixture   for  finished 
pieces. 

4.  No  distortion  and  warping. 

5.  Minimum  maintenance. 

6.  Mandrels  must  resist  without  any  change  the  shock 
of  live  steam  at  100  psi  and  337°  F  in  case  of  bag  failure. 

As  an  additional  aid  for  the  easy  removal  of  the  skins, 


we  installed  fittings  at  the  proper  points  to  permit  introduc- 
tion of  air,  either  at  atmospheric  pressure  or  under  com- 
pression, in  order  that  the  vacuum  which  inevitably  formed 
under  the  heat  and  pressure  conditions  of  manufacture 
could  be  easily  broken.  Elimination  of  the  periodic  neces- 
sity for  tearing  off  and  discarding  a  skin  because  of  a 
warped  mandrel,  which  froze  ribs  to  the  form  and  would 
not  permit  easy  removal,  was  an  important  step.  In  order 
to  fulfill  the  second  requirement  completely,  we  faced  all 
slots  and  recesses  with  l/%"  sheet  metal,  cadmium-plated, 
suitably  anchored  into  the  mandrel.  This  made  it  possible 
for  preformed  ribs  and  blocks  to  be  inserted  in  the  proper 
places  and  to  be  spoke-shaved  to  the  required  thickness. 

After  the  first  sets  were  completed  and  in  production, 
engineering  changes  in  plane  structure  were  necessary 
which  had  to  be  incorporated  in  succeeding  mandrels. 
Since  no  models  or  prints  were  available  for  them,  we 
built  plaster  models.  The  changes  were  incorporated  in 
mandrels  already  finished  and  the  contract  brought  to  a 
successful  conclusion. 

The  effect  of  heat  and  steam  on  thin  sections  of  wood  and 
plaster  mandrels  had  long  been  a  problem  in  plywood  form- 
ing. Since  we  had  eliminated  distortion  in  forms  of  con- 
siderable cross-section,  we  soon  were  asked  whether  our 
mandrel  would  eliminate  warping  and  distortion  in  long 
thin  pieces.  We  believe  that  it  would  if  the  pieces  are 
properly  braced  and  supported. 

The  pieces  to  be  built  were  about  12  ft  long,  12"  high  and 
diminished  in  section  from  about  3"  to  2".  The  original 
wood  mandrels,  after  a  cook  or  two,  corduroyed  and  gave 
promise  of  worse  to  come.  As  an  emergency,  a  plaster 
form  was  used,  with  somewhat  the  same  results.  We 
knew  that  Formrite  would  not  lose  contour  so  long  as  the 
weight-strength  ratio  was  maintained.  If  we  maintained 
longitudinal  rigidity  in  the  piece,  we  could  rule  out  the 
possibility  of  deformation.  Heavy  diamond-shaped  metal 
lath  was  bent  into  horse-shoe  shape  and  cast  in  the  form, 
and  a  piece  of  1"  angle  iron  was  fastened  on  each  side  of 
the  1"  plywood  base.  These  pieces  have  not  been  in  use 
for  5  months  and  no  appreciable  distortion  has  taken  place. 

Our  experience  with  plywood  forming  was  excellent 
training  for  problems  which  were  to  come  our  way  in  the 
(Continued  on  Page  122) 


A  "Formrite"  die  cast  from  the  plaster  form  shown 
at  top  of  page,  with  grill  work  added  for  strength 


64 


PLASTICS 


The    fixture    formed    by    pouring    "Fonnrite"    into    this 
metal-reinforced  mold  will  be  approximately  3/16"  thick 

JANUARY  1945 


HITS  ON  ALL  SIX 


A    Correct  material  choice  .  .  .  black  phenolic 
plastic  .  .  .  chosen  for  its  functional  value. 

?i    Good  mold  design  .  .  .  Die  incorporated 
double  acting  side  cores  —  thus  providing 
for  the  plate's  side  ventilators. 

ft    Sound  molding  technique  .  .  .  Selection  of 
compression  method  precluded  risks. 

fk    Six  cable  terminals  —  a  carbon  brush  bearing 
and  guide  pin  ...  all  eight  accurately 
positioned  and  molded  in  place. 

G^    Close  tolerance  requirements  followed 
through  .  .  .  with  precision  results. 

Q    Cleanly  molded  .  .  .  smooth  .  .  .  Finishing 
details  minimized. 

From  pencilled  sketches  to  finished  plastic 
products,  you  can  depend  upon  Consolidated's 
way!  Five  convenient  office  branches  to  contact 
you  -and  one  central,  modern,  fully  equipped 
plant  to  serve  you.  Inquiries  invited. 


NEW  YORK    •    BRIDGEPORT    •    CLEVELAND    •    DETROIT    •    CHICAGO 

onsolidatediT 

I       MOLDED    PRODUCTS     Go*pO>UitiO« 
309  CHERRY  STREET,  SCRANTON  2.  PA. 


mm 


YOUR     BLUEPRINT     IN     PL 


JVM   \KY   1945 


PLASTICS 


Standardizing  Plastics 

Projected  Engineering  Classification  Will 

Define  Plastics  in  Terms  of  Chief  Properties  and  Characteristics 


N.  I.  Rakas.  Project  Engineer,  Chrysler 
Corp.  and  chairman  of  the  SPI  Classi- 
fication Committee,  as  he  explained 
the  group's  work  to  the  Fall  Conference 


MAJOR  FEATURES  OF  SPI 
CLASSIFICATION   PLAN 

(1)  Plastics    commercially    available    to    be    standard- 
ized  by   grade   numbers   composed   of   5  diqits   repre- 
senting    heat    distortion,     Izod     impact    strength     and 
tensile  strength. 

(2)  Additional  physical  properties  to  be  expressed  by 
suffix  letters  to  provide  a  more  complete  description. 

(3)  Small    suffix    letters    to   follow    first    (capitalized) 
suffix  to  indicate  specific  values. 

(4)  New   materials  to  be   added  to   the   classification 
when   commercially  procurable   and  technically  impor- 
tant. 

(5)  Properties  of   materials  under  extreme   conditions 
to  be  added  as  information  becomes  available. 


WHERK  can  we  find  a  list  of  plastics  from  which  to 
pick  one  with  definite  properties  required  for  our 
purpose?  Is  there  a  compilation  of  plastics  standards  simi- 
lar to  those  available  in  metals?  If  we  write  SAE  1030  on 
our  specifications,  any  fabricator  knows  that  we  are  asking 
for  common  carbon  steel,  hut  where  can  we  look  for  a 
plastics  having  a  certain  heat  distortion  point,  tensile 
strength,  chemical  resistance  and  so  on  ?  These  questions 
are  being  asked  more  and  more  frequently  by  engineers, 
designers,  consumers,  molders  and  others  interested  in 
creating  or  buying  plastics  products. 

Well  aware  of  the  urgent  need  for  such  a  list  of  stand- 
ards, the  Society  of  the  Plastics  Industry  plans  to  include 
in  the  technical  handbook  it  now  has  in  preparation  the 
first  Engineering  Classification  of  Plastics.  One  of  the 
highlights  of  its  recent  Fall  Conference  in  New  York  was 
the  report  on  this  development  by  N.  J.  Rakas,  Project  En- 
gineer, Engineering  Division.  Chrysler  Corp.,  who  is  chair- 
man of  the  society's  committee  in  charge  of  the  project. 

What  the  committee  has  agreed  on  thus  far  is  that  the 
plastics  available  on  the  market  should  be  defined  by  grade 
numbers  similar  to  the  number  cited  above  for  steel.  These 
numbers,  composed  of  five  digits,  are  to  indicate  the  heat 
distortion  point  of  the  material,  its  Izod  impact  strength 
and  its  tensile  strength.  The  number  is  to  be  preceded  by 
the  society's  initials — SPI — just  as  SAM  stands  for  the 
Society  of  Automotive  Engineers.  Thus,  a  plastics  desig- 
nated as  SPI-10302  would  have  a  heat  distortion  tempera- 
ture of  100°  F  (the  first  two  digits),  impact  strength  of 
3.0  Ib  (the  third  digit)  and  a  tensile  strength  of  2000  (the 
last  digit),  all  figures  representing  minimum  values. 

The  choice  of  these  three  properties  in  particular  was 
purely  arbitrary,  the  committee  having  selected  them  be- 
cause they  are  found,  in  one  form  or  another,  in  practically 
all  ASTM  and  Federal  specifications  and  PMMA  tech- 
nical data — the  sources  from  which  the  committee  secures 


its   information  in   compiling  the  plastics   grade   numbers. 

Other  physical  properties  are  to  be  expressed  by  suffix 
letters.  Where  the  user  is  not  concerned  with  properties 
other  than  those  given  in  the  grade  number,  he  need  not 
bother  with  the  suffix  letters.  However,  if  such  other  prop- 
erties are  important  for  the  application  he  has  in  view, 
he  has  these  definite  symbols  to  go  by.  The  grade  number 
is  a  general  description  of  a  material,  while  the  suffixes 
describe  its  unique  properties. 

Capital  letters  M,  E,  O,  C,  and  A  have  been  assigned 
to  designate  mechanical,  electrical,  optical,  chemical  and 
aging  requirements,  respectively.  The  small  suffix  letter 
following  the  capital  letter  shall  indicate  the  specific  de- 
sired value ;  for  example :  Ea  for  power  factor  at  60  cycles, 
Ed  for  dielectric  constant  at  60  cycles,  Oa  for  refractive 
index,  etc.  An  SPI  grade  number  followed  by  suffix  letters 
designates  both  basic  requirements  and  requirements  added 
by  suffix  letters;  for  example:  SPI-10302-Eg  means  the 
plastics  shall  have  a  minimum  heat  distortion  temperature 
of  100°  F,  minimum  3.0  ft-lb  per  inch  of  notch  impact 
strength,  minimum  2000  psi  tensile  strength,  and  short 
time  dielectric  strength  minimum  250  v/m. 

This  number — 250 — will  be  shown  in  a  column  of  the 
classification  under  the  heading  Electrical  Properties,  which 
will  include  values  for  power  factor  and  dielectric  constant 
for  various  cycles,  resistance  with  respect  to  volume,  in- 
sulation and  arc,  and  dielectric  strength,  step  by  step.  An- 
other series  of  values  for  various  mechanical  properties 
will  also  be  included,  and  there  will  be  columns  designating 
values  for  optical  properties,  aging,  chemical  reactivity, 
source  of  data  and  the  chemical  nature  of  the  material. 

So  far  the  committee  has  compiled  data  on  35  thermo- 
plastic and  thermosetting  molding  powders,  some  of  them 
in  combination  with  fillers.    None  of  these  are  mere  lab- 
oratory curiosities;  all  are  commercially  available. 
(Continued  on  Page  125) 


66 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


r  i  \~vv-  rrt^vUvvvtf'  jn  in(justry  impose  new  demands  on  assembly 
lines  .  .  .  for  a  new  measure  of  economy  through  faster,  safer,  easier,  and  better 
production.  Wherever  power  driving  is  used,  the  records  show  that  CLUTCH  HEAD 
Screws  scale  down  the  final  costs  with  modern  features  and  advantages  which  are 
not  matched  by  any  other  screw  on  the  market  today. 

VISIBILITY . .  .  The  wide  Clutch  recess  offers  a  clear,  definite  target,  inviting  confidence 
and  unwavering  action  by  the  "greenest"  operator.  No  "breaking-in"  required. 

SAFETY .  .  .  The  Center  Pivot  on  the  driver  makes  deep  dead-center  entry  automatic. 
No  canting,  no  slippage  to  injure  manpower  or  damage  materials. 

EFFORTLESS  DRIVING  .  .  .  The  straight-sided  driver  squarely  contacts  the  full  area  of 
the  straight-walled  Clutch  to  eliminate  end  pressure  as  a  hazard  and  as  a  fatigue 
factor.  With  CLUTCH  HEAD,  there  is  no  ride-out  tendency  as  set  up  by  "tapered" 
driving. 

CIWTCH  HEAD  LOCK-ON  ...  A  slight  reverse  turn  creates  a  friction-hold  which  unites 
screw  and  driver  as  a  unit  for  easy  one-handed  reaching  to  hard-to-get-at  spots. 
No  slow-down  fumbling.  With  field  service  Type  "A"  Bits,  this  feature  functions 
automatically  for  easy  withdrawal  of  screws,  undamaged  and  saved  for  re-use. 


SCREWDRIVER  CONTROL  .  .  . 

This  is  the  only  modern  screw 
engineered  for  operation  with 
ordinary  type  screw  drivers 
or  any  flat  blade  of  reason- 
ably accurate  width.  Thick- 
ness of  the  blade  is  secondary 
because  the  roomy  Clutch 
permits  a  wide  tolerance. 


NEW  JOCK   ECONOMY  .... 

Ruggedness  cf  structure  ex- 
plains why  this  tool  stands  up 
through  a  longer  continuous 
"spell"  on  the  line.  Repeated 
reconditioning  to  original  effi- 
ciency requires  only  a  60- 
second  application  of  the  end 
surface  to  a  grinding  wheel. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     1.  NEW  YORK   7 


JANUARY  ]Q4.> 


PLASTICS 


67 


"Styron's"  resistance  to  al- 
kalies, chemicals  and  acids 
makes  it  applicable  to  these 
battery  cases.  Also  advanta- 
geous are  its  good  insulating 
qualities,  low  power  factor, 
and  high  dielectric  strength 


Molded  "Compar"  washers,  gaskets  and  seals  immune  to  oils  and 
solvents,  developed  by  Resistoilex  Corp.,  New  Jersey,  illus- 
trate the  role  of  plastics  in  lengthening  machine  life 


The  emergency  equipment  container, 
produced  by  Goodyear  Rubber  Sundries, 
encloses  all  the  basic  survival  de- 
vices in  a  compact  zipper  bag  made  of 
a  "Vinylite"  coated  material  which 
insures  protection  against  salt  water 


Use  of  du  Font's  "Lucite"  in  both  military  and  civilian 
applications  is  shown  in  these  two  items.  Above,  the 
cover  (left)  and  support  plate  of  directional  indica- 
tor dials  for  army  tanks  finds  "Lucite's"  high  heat 
resistant  qualities,  production  speed,  interchangeabil- 
ity  of  parts  and  low  cost  vital  factors.  Below,  its 
crystal  clarity  shows  up  engraved  designs  with  In- 
creased definition  and  brilliance  on  plane  control  knobs 


The  use  of  clear  acrylic*  for  the  three  arms  and 
middle  stand  of  this  hat  display  rack  modernizes 
the  design  produced  by  the  Crystal  Fixture  Co. 


69 


A  new  type  of  matting  called  "Ameritred"  has  just 
been  produced  by  American  Blat.  Corp.,  Toledo.  This 
solid  plastics  friction  type  jet  black  mat  is  ideal 
for  use  in  building  entrances,  lavatories,  shower 
and  locker  rooms,  as  hall  runners,  stair  treads, 
on  ramps,  and  for  covering  worn  spots  on  floors 


The  lightweight,  sturdy,  attractive  clothes 
pins  above,  available  in  many  colors,  are  in- 
expensively multiple-molded  by  the  Modglin  Co., 
Calif,  of  Celanese  Celluloid  Corp.'s  "Lumarith." 
This  material  has  many  other  applications,  but 
one  of  these  is  seen  at  the  left  in  the  form  of  a 
nautical  rigging  knife.  The  knife  blade  and 
marlin  spike  are  coated  with  a  heavy  chromium 
plaling  to  prevent  climatic  damage.  Use  of 
"Lumarith"  in  the  handle  prevents  rust  and  cor- 
rosion caused  by  exposure  to  salt  water  and  air 


70 


Patients  with  head  wounds  are  protected 
from  gas  by  this  mask  with  a  translucent 
hood  and  a  single  broad  window  oi  trans- 
parent "Vinylite."  Other  plastics  parts 
are  the  outlet  valve  and  waterproof  carrier 


Many  of  our  bombers  employ  14  inch 
control  wheels  of  "Tenite"  molded  over 
an  aluminum  casting.  The  wheel  a 
light,  tough,  resilient,  shatterproof 
and  withstands  temperature  extremes. 
Another,  and  far  different  use  of 
"Tenite"  is  in  the  extruded  tubing 
shown  above  which  forms  the  outer  bar- 
rel of  an  anti-lreeze  liquid  tester. 
The  transparent  qualities  of  the  mate- 
rial allow  accurate  and  quick  readings 


71 


Highlights   ol  the 


& 


PLASTICS'  East  Coast  Editor 


THE  1200  members  anil  guests  who  attended  the  semi- 
annual conference  of  the  Society  of  the  Plastics  Indus- 
try held  at  the  Hotel  Waldorf-Astoria,  New  York,  Novem- 
ber 13-14,  were  treated  to  a  diversified  program  which 
spotlighted  the  merchandising  problems  of  the  industry, 
its  technical  developments,  the  affairs  of  SPI,  and  general 
economic  conditions. 

Consideration  of  merchandising  problems  began  the  day 
before  the  conference  opened  with  a  study  of  post-war 
building,  when  a  panel  of  representatives  of  the  industry 
selected  by  SPI  faced  a  panel  of  architects  provided  by  the 
Technical  Committee  of  the  New  York  chapter  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Architects.  The  forum  was  neces- 
sarily of  an  exploratory  nature,  with  the  plastics  personnel, 
through  their  chairman,  C.  W.  Blount,  Bakelite  Corp.. 
seeking  to  learn  the  cost  of  various  building  units  now  in 
use  with  which  plastics  will  have  to  compete,  and  the  archi- 
tects, through  their  spokesman,  Morris  Sanders,  inquiring 
about  the  properties  of  plastics  available  for  architectural 
purposes  and  how  they  could  find  out  whether  they  meas- 
ured up  to  the  specifications  of  the  many  building  codes. 

Among  the  undisputed  possibilities  for  plastics  brought 
out  were  their  use  for  bonding  wood,  fabrics  and  metals: 
for  paints  on  interior  surfaces  (and  progress  was  reported 
on  paints  for  outdoor  application)  ;  for  interior  trim,  with 
extruded  plastics  purely  for  decorative  purposes  and  ther- 
mosetting  laminates  where  higher  dimensional  stability  is 
required,  though  the  latter  are  more  difficult  to  install ;  for 
piping  and  tubing  where  low  temperature  and  corrosive 
chemicals  are  encountered  (they  are  not  suitable  for  tem- 
peratures above  170°  F)  ;  for  knobs  and  other  small  hard- 
ware parts. 

Among  more  recent  developments  cited  which  may  find 
application  in  the  building  industry  were  extruded  thermo- 
setting  plastics  for  trim ;  resinous  foams  for  insulation  and, 
when  reinforced  at  the  surface,  for  structural  purposes; 
laminated  Fiberglas  for  beams  in  place  of  steel;  and  large, 


low-pressure  moldings  for  sections  of  a  house,  such  as 
kitchen  or  bathroom,  provided  they  are  ordered  in 
quantity. 

The  architects  were  particularly  interested  in  such  large 
forms,  pointing  out  that  there  was  a  definite  trend  toward 
dry-wall  construction,  with  pre-fabricated  units  being  in- 
stalled after  the  shell  of  a  building  is  finished.  They  also 
indicated  that  there  were  excellent  possibilities  for  plastics 
in  new  types  of  stair  risers. 

A  negative  conclusion  was  reached  on  plastics  for  ordi- 
nary window  purposes,  because  their  surfaces  are  either  too 
brittle  or  too  easily  marred  and  their  cost  is  high  compared 
to  that  of  glass. 

Participating  in  the  plastics  panel  were  H.  J.  West. 
American  Cyanamid  Company ;  W.  W.  Jackson,  Celaneso 
Plastics  Corp. ;  J.  D.  Lincoln,  Virginia  Lincoln  Corp. ; 
William  Goggins,  Dow  Chemical  Co. ;  T.  Swedlow,  Aero- 
plastics  Corp. ;  George  Clark,  Formica  -Insulation  Co. ; 
H.  W.  Collins,  Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corp. ;  Howard 
Smith  and  J.  R.  Price,  Bakelite  Corp. 

The  architects'  panel  included  Simon  Breines,  Robert 
McLaughlin,  Ely  Jacques  Kahn,  A.  G.  Lorimer,  Harold 
Sleeper,  Leopold  Arnaud,  Howard  Vermilyea,  Dan  Cooper 
and  Don  Graf,  with  Kenneth  Stowell  making  the  opening 
address. 

A  second  merchandising  forum  covered  a  wider  field. 
With  James  R.  Turnbull,  Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  presid- 
ing, editors  of  six  leading  trade  papers  surveyed  the  pos- 
sible application  of  plastics  in  their  industries.  Julien  Elfen- 
bein,  editor  of  House  Furnishings  Review,  outlining  the 
merchandising  set-up  in  his  variegated  field,  said  that  there 
were  20,000  items  in  which  plastics  could  be  used. 

Speaking  at  a  luncheon  meeting,  Lew  Hahn,  general 
manager,  National  Retail  Dry  Goods  Association,  stressed 
the  points  that  informative  labeling  for  plastics  items  cannot 
come  too  soon,  and  that  retailers  probably  expect  too  much 
of  plastics  because  the  plastics  industry  has  been  danger- 


Led  by  Moderator  lames  Turnbull  (standing)  of  Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  this  panel  of  magazine  editors  conducted  the 
discussion  on  the  future  of  plastics  in  their  respective  fields  at  the  Merchandising  Forum.  Left  to  right,  seated,  are 
Dr.  O.  H.  Caldwell,  "Electronic  Industries";  R.  H.  McCready,  "Playthings";  Julien  Elfenbein,  "House  Furnishings  Review"; 
F.  H.  Waggonner,  "Premium  Practice";  A.  E.  Knowlton.  "Electrical  World";  and  C.  W.  Browne,  "Modem  Packaging" 


72 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Fail   Conference 


Lew  Hahn,  general  manager. 
National  Retail  Dry  Goods 
Association,  a  speaker  at 
the  merchandising  session 


Hl.mk  &  Sloller  Corp. 


C.  W.  Blount.  Bakelite  Corp., 
Thermosetting  Depl.,  who 
presided  at  the  conference 
opening  technical  session 


George  K.  Scribner,  presi- 
dent of  the  Boonton  Mold- 
ing Co.  and  of  the  SPI, 
served  as  the  toastmaster 


-ly  over-sold.  Nevertheless,  the  retailers  were  looking 
orward  to  many  new  plastics  items,  better  than  their  pred- 
ssors,  and  with  a  new  note  of  color.  Flammability, 
r.  Hahn  said,  is  one  thing  retailers  will  fight  shy  of. 
In  his  talk,  "Outlook  for  the  Rubbers  and  the  Plastics," 
hn  Lyon  Collyer,  president  of  the  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co., 
clared  "they  are  likely  to  find  their  objectives  and  acttvi- 
more  and  more  interwoven  in  the  future."  He  pointed 
that  it  is  impossible  to  tell  where  rubber  ends  and  plas- 
begin,  since  synthetic  elastomers,  both  thermoplastic 
thermosetting,  have  bridged  the  gap  between  the  rigid 
sties  and  elastic  vulcanized  rubber. 
The  strain  on  the  nation's  rubber  stockpile,  which 
vindled  from  the  Pearl  Harbor  level  of  600,000  tons  right 
vn  to  the  present  rock-bottom  'disaster  level'  of  190,000 
us,  was  vastly  relieved  by  substitutions  in  which  polyvinyl 
chloride  and  other  plastics  materials  filled  roles  formerly 
served  by  rubber.  The  total  tonnage  of  rubber  'relief  ac- 
counted for  by  American  plastics  during  the  last  two  war 
years  is  greater  than  the  tonnage  of  tree  rubber  obtained 
from  all  South  and  Central  American  sources  combined !" 


Adm.  W.  H.  Standley  (left),  former  U.  S.  ambassador 
to  Russia,  spoke  on  "How  We  Can  Work  with  Russia." 
R.  P.  Piperoux  oi  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.,  told  oi  recent 
progress  made  in  the  forming  of  thermoplastic  sheets 


"In  the  second  year  after  liberation,  we  estimate  that 
the  available  natural  rubber  will  total  1,100,000  tons.  For 
this  second  year  we  estimate  consumption  of  1,600,000  tons, 
so  the  minimum  of  synthetic  required  would  be  500,000 
tons." 

Cerex  and  Styramic  HT 

Cerex  and  Styramic  HT,  new  thermoplastics  with  out- 
standing heat  resistance,  were  discussed  by  C.  L.  Jones, 
Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  which  developed  them  originally 
for  war  purposes.  Three  types  of  applications  for  injec- 
tion molding  which  were  previously  barred  to  thermoplas- 
tics, Mr.  Jones  pointed  out,  were  opened  up  by  the  new 
materials,  allowing  the  injection  molder  to  compete  with 
the  compression  molder  in  those  fields.  The  applications 
in  question  are  "those  involving  contact  of  the  molded  part 
with  hot  or  boiling  water,  those  industrial  jobs  requiring 
performance  at  moderately  high  temperatures,  and  radio 
and  other  electronic  uses  where  good  form  stability  is  nec- 
essary to  withstand  the  heat  dissipated  within  the  set  by 
tubes  and  transformers." 

Styramic  HT,  Mr.  Jones  explained,  is  Monsanto  poly- 
dichlorostyrene,  having  the  dielectric  loss  characteristics  of 
polystyrene  in  addition  to  an  ASTM  heat  distortion  point 
of  236°  F.  "Insulating  parts  molded  of  this  resin  may  be 
operated  continuously  at  temperatures  as  high  as  65°  F 
over  the  ceiling  for  polystyrene."  Nor  are  its  heat  resistant 
qualities  reflected  in  a  high  processing  temperature,  Mr. 
Jones  continued.  "Although  the  heating  cylinder  range  of 
475-550°  F  is  somewhat  higher  than  average,  it  is  still 
within  the  range  of  standard  injection  and  extrusion  ma- 
chines. Because  of  the  high  heat  distortion  point  of  the 
resin,  it  sets  very  rapidly  upon  entering  a  chilled  mold. 
Laminar  flow  freeze  marks,  and  short  pieces  can  be  pre- 
vented by  heating  the  mold  with  circulating  hot  water  or 
steam  to  temperatures  between  190-220°  F. 

"The  Cerex  resins  more  closely  approximate  the  me- 
chanical strength  properties  of  polystyrene  than  other  in- 
jection plastics.  They  are  rigid,  non-ductile  materials  of 
low  elongation  or  "stretchability".  Under  an  increasing 
applied  stress,  polystyrene  does  not  give  or  yield  appre- 
ciably before  it  actually  breaks,  as  contrasted  with  cellu- 
lose acetate  which  shows  a  considerable  amount  of  plastic 
deformation  prior  to  fracture.  The  behavior  of  Cerex 


JANUARY   1915 


PLASTICS 


73 


C.  W.  Marcellus  (leit),  exhibit  committee  head,  shows 
Clayton  Shoemaker,  chairman  of  the  program  committee, 
one  of  the  outstanding  exhibits  at  the  conference — the 
Signal  Corps  field  telephone  switchboard  and  headset 

resins  is  similar  to  polystyrene  in  this  respect,  with  the 
important  exception  that  a  greater  load  must  be  applied 
to  induce  failure.  This  characteristic  means  greater  tough- 
ness and  becomes  more  noticeable  as  one  proceeds  up  the 
scale  to  the  higher  heat  resistant  Cerex  compounds.  As  an 
example  to  this  point,  the  ASTM  flexural  strength  of  poly- 
styrene is  between  8  to  10,000  psi  and  the  similar  value  for 
Ccrex  X-214  is  15,000  psi.  [Earlier  pilot  plant  tests  gave 
a  value  of  13,000  psi. — Ea]  15,000  psi  is  about  5000  psi 
higher  than  a  general-purpose  phenolic  molding  compound. 
The  more  heat  resistant  Cerex  resins  have  less  tendency 
to  craze  under  stress  than  polystyrene." 

In  impact  strength,  Mr.  Jones  said,  "the  Cerex  resins — 
with  an  Izod  value  of  .4  ft  Ib  per  inch  of  notch — are  some- 
what superior  to  polystyrene  and  the  general-purpose 
phenolics,  although  they  are  not  comparable  to  the  cellu- 
!<>-e  esters  and  ethers. 

Button  Capacity  Overdeveloped 

N.  O.  Broderson,  chairman  of  the  Button  Division  and 
president  of  the  Rochester  Button  Co.,  told  of  the  great 
growth  in  production  facilities  that  threatens  the  industry 
upon  a  return  to  peacetime  markets.  He  based  his  pre- 
diction that  the  plastics  button  industry  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing 75  to  100%  above  normal  peacetime  demands  upon 
Department  of  Commerce  statistics  for  the  years  prior  to 
1940  and  industry  estimates  for  more  recent  years.  For 
the  pre-1940  years,  the  results  were  as  follows: 


Natural  Materials      Synthetic  Products  Total 

(Gross)  (Gross)  (Gross) 

1929    43,000.000 15,000,000 58,000,000 

1939    .  .33.000,000 39.000.000 72,000,000 


—  10,000,000 


+24,000,000 


+  14.000.000 


This  makes  an  increase  of  approximately  14  million  gross 
in  the  consumption  of  buttons  between  1929  and  1939,  or 
20  to  25%,  he  said.  Unless  there  was  an  increase  in  the 
exportation  of  buttons  and  a  decrease  in  the  importation 


of  buttons  during  this  period,  he  continued,  it  is  difficult 
to  account  for  the  increase,  since  both  the  slide  fastener 
and  the  snap  fastener  were  making  inroads  into  button 
sales  throughout  the  period.  Moreover,  the  14  million  gross 
increase  in  buttons  produced  in  1929  as  compared  with 
1939  was  due  to  replacement  of  depleted  wardrobes,  build- 
ing up  of  inventories  on  retailers'  shelves  and  which  rep- 
resented a  larger  gross  volume  than  the  industry  can  right- 
fully expect  under  normal  conditions,  he  declared. 

Based  upon  unofficial  estimates  by  industry  members, 
and  also  estimates  of  new  production  facilities  and  equip- 
ment for  the  manufacture  of  buttons,  he  indicated  the  pic- 
ture for  1944  as  follows: 


1944    . 
1939 

Predict! 

Natural  Material                Synthetic 

(Gross)                          (Gross) 
33,000,000  78.000,000....  ... 
33,000,000  39,000,000 

Total 

(Gross) 
1  11,000,000 
72,000,000 

(deduct)  19.000,000 
on 

+39,000,000 
(add)  19,000.000 

58,000.000  

+39.000.000 
72.000.0CO 

Normal 

1947  14,000,000... 

"If  our  estimate  is  reasonably  correct,  then  the  expan- 
sion which  has  taken  place  in  the  plastics  button  industry 
is  KM)%  since  1939,"  Mr.  Broderson  said.  "I  think  we 
should  assume  that  any  additional  increase  in  markets  by 
further  replacement  of  natural  materials  will  he  offset  by 
the  invasion  of  slide  and  snap  fasteners  and  elastic  bands." 

Printing  Ink  Research  Needed 

A  review  of  the  major  methods  of  applying  printing 
inks  to  plastics  materials  now  available  for  the  purpose 
was  given  by  J.  J.  Micik.  Control  Laboratory  of  Interna- 
tional Printing  Ink,  Division  of  Interchemical  Corp.  "Gen- 
erally speaking,"  he  said,  "the  problem  of  applying  an  ink 
film  to  a  plastics  surface  is  in  the  laboratory  stage,"  and 
he  recommended  that  this  problem  "be  studied  intensively 
by  a  joint  committee  of  the  plastics  and  ink  industries 
because  we  have  found  that  too  often  it  is  necessary  for 
the  ink  manufacturer  to  know  the  specific  types  of  mate- 
rials used  in  making  plastics  resins.  The  type  of  solvents 
used  in  formulating  the  ink  has  a  distinct  bearing  and 
relationship  to  the  types  used  in  marking  the  plastics." 

Extruded  Sheets  for  Packaging 

Although  old  extruding  equipment  has  been  used  in  war 
work,  important  changes  in  design  have  been  developed, 
VV.  J.  Johnson,  Manager,  Plastics  Machinery  Sales,  Na- 
tional Rubber  Machinery  Company,  reported  in  his  talk, 
"New  Trends  in  Extruding  Equipment." 

Mr.  Johnson  declared :   "The  manufacture  of  wide  sheet 


Among  those  participating  in  the  panel  on  Plastics  in 
the  Building  Industry  were  (left)  Arthur  Holden,  presi- 
dent. N.  Y.  chapter,  American  Institute  of  Architects; 
and  Morris  Sanders,  N.  Y.  technical  committee  head,  AIA 


74 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


nwtfA' 


That  preheater  electro 
MUST  BE... 


Ready  for  Loading  . . . 

Upper   electrode    is    fully    raised    and    retracted, 
completely  exposing  lower  electrode. 


Typical  Load. . . 

Two  flat  preforms,  each   IV  thick  and  6"  in  di- 
ameter, are  uniformly  heated  in  this  set-up. 


Special  Load.. . 

Domed  preforms,  placed  on  edge  in  dual  curved 
lower  electrodes,  are  uniformly  heated  in  this  set-up. 


veniently    located... 
y  to    load    and    unload 

tomatically    adjustable 
preform    size... 


•       Provided    with    positive 
air-gap    adjustment 


*t 

AIRTRONICS   Preheaters 

are  these   requirements  fully  met 

For  simplicity  and  speed  of  operation,  AIRTRONICS, 
alone,  brings  these  four  important  design  features  to 
the  plastics  molding  industry.  Operational  experience 
proves  that  the  combination  of  these  features  has 
contributed  greatly  to  the  output  of  molding  plants 
— from  coast  to  coast. 

electrodes  visible  and  accessible 

Height  and  position  of  electrodes  minimizes  operator  motion 
during  preheating  operation.  Preforms  are  visible  at  all  times. 

Upper  electrode  retracts  when  elevated 

Full  exposure  of  lower  electrode,  for  easy  loading  and  unload- 
ing, results  from  complete  retraction  of  upper  one.  Electrode 
dimensions  permit  optimum  arrangement  of  conventional 
preforms. 

Self-aligning  feature  accommodates 
preform  loads  up  to  3"  high 

No  electrode  adjustments  are  required  when  changing  the 
run  from  wafer-thin  preforms  to  ones  that  are  3"  high.  An 
ingenious  linkage  automatically  keeps  the  electrodes  parallel 
to  each  other — at  all  times. 

Vernier-screw  air-gap  adjustment 

When  an  air-gap  between  the  load  and  upper  electrode  is 
necessary,  it  is  simply  and  positively  made  with  two  thumb 
screws.  Once  adjusted  they  maintain  the  desired  air-gap  for 
the  duration  of  the  run. 

Special  electrodes  available 

Should  your  preforms  require  curved  or  especially  shaped 
electrodes,  AIRTRONICS  engineers  will  design  special  ones 
to  insure  uniform  preform  heating. 

Write  for  complete  data,  _ 

addressing  inquiries  to  Dept.  P. 


MAMUFACTURIHG    CO. 


CHICAGO 

121  W.  Wock.r   Driv. 
Zon.  1 


NEW  YORK 

31-28  Qu.eni   Blvd 
Long  Island  City,  Zon»  1 


LOS  ANGELES 

9245  W.  San  F.rnondo  Rd. 
Zon.  26 


J  \MIARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


75 


Roy  L.  Peat  Oeft).  Plastics  and  Die  Cast  Products 
Corp.,  presented  the  report  of  the  West  Coast  group. 
William  T.  Cruse,  executive  vice-president  of  the 
SPI,  reviewed  the  work  accomplished  by  the  society 

materials  is  expected  to  cover  a  broad  field  in  the  packag- 
ing industry  particularly,  and  it  is  expected  that  many  items 
formerly  molded  will  be  blanked  from  such  extruded  sheet 
as  it  leaves  the  machine,  thereby  eliminating  several  opera- 
tions. As  Mr.  Palmer  of  Tennessee  Eastman  pointed  out 
several  weeks  ago,  extruded  sheet  will  be  economical  in 
that  the  lace  scrap  can  be  reused,  whereas  scrap  from 
punched,  plate  polished  sheet  is  sold  at  a  fraction  of  its 
purchase  price.  The  handling  of  short  pieces  is,  of  course, 
a  great  deal  more  expensive  than  the  use  of  large  reels 
of  continuous  strip  as  extruded.  When  a  large  reel  of  strip 
is  fed  to  an  automatic  punch  press,  for  instance,  the  opera- 
tor can  manage  several  machines  while  the  use  of  the 
shorter  strip  demands  his  full  attention." 

Mr.  Johnson  pointed  out  that  it  was  necessary  "to  build 
machines  which  can  be  readily  adapted  for  various  groups 
of  materials.  For  instance,  our  3l/2"  plastics  extruder  has 
a  cylinder  built  up  of  three  sections.  The  use  of  one  sec- 
tion provides  the  right  length  for  extruding  rubber,  while 
two  sections  are  used  with  that  group  of  materials  such  as 
polyvinyl  chloride,  cellulose  acetate,  polystyrene  and  other 
materials  requiring  high  temperatures  require  the  use  of 
all  three  sections  of  the  machine. 

Improved  Extrusion  Heads 

"Heads  for  the  straight  extrusion  of  rod,  tubing,  strip, 
etc.,  or  heads  for  insulating  wire  are  readily  interchange- 
able merely  by  the  removal  of  a  king  pin  on  which  these 
heads  hinge.  The  extrusion  of  tubing  downward  is  men- 
tioned frequently  and  for  this  process  a  special  head  may 
be  mounted  on  the  same  hinge.  In  each  case,  these  heads 
are  swung  aside  for  the  removal  of  the  screw  and  rapid 
cleaning  and  changing  of  dies  and  materials.  So  much 
time  is  thus  saved  in  the  removal  of  the  screw  that  this 
hitherto  disagreeable  job  is  now  done  whenever  required 
and  it  is  no  longer  necessary,  for  example,  to  extrude  many 
pounds  of  a  new  color  in  order  to  clean  out  the  machine." 

For  extruding  wide  sheet  stock,  Mr.  Johnson  said  that 
accessory  equipment  other  than  the  conveyor  normally 
used  for  narrow  strips  or  tubing  would  be  needed.  "A 
great  deal  of  development  will  be  required  to  produce 
extruded  sheet  stock  having  the  satisfactory  finish  and 
tolerances  now  given  by  cast  sheet." 

In  his  discussion  of  heating,  Mr.  Johnson  said  that 
plant  steam  is  used  for  extruding  materials  such  as  rubber, 
synthetic  rubber  and  sometimes  polyvinyl  chloride,  while 
materials  requiring  higher  temperatures  have  been  ex- 
truded with  the  other  three  types  of  heat.  The  electric- 
steam  extruder,  he  said,  provides  an  ideal  way  to  get  close 
temperature  control,  and  the  oil  heated  extruder  "is  still 


considered  the  most  flexible,  since  practically  all  plastics 
materials  can  be  extruded."  Oil  heating  systems,  he  said, 
are  being  successfully  used  to  provide  temperatures  up 
to  475°  F.  "For  the  extrusion  of  materials  requiring 
higher  temperatures  than  this,  direct  electrically-heated 
machines  should  be  considered,  especially  where  frictional 
heat  is  not  a  problem.  Electrically-heated  extruders  will 
probably  be  very  popular  for  the  extrusion  of  material 
such  as  cellulose  acetate,  butyrate,  ethylcellulose,  and  poly- 
styrene, while  oil  heated  extruders  will  most  likely  be  used 
on  the  elastomeric  materials  such  as  polyvinyl  chloride." 

For  the  wire  covering  trade,  Mr.  Johnson  promised  more 
practical  and  efficient  accessories,  such  as  a  combination 
capstan  and  water  cooling  box  and  takeup.  Another  new 
development  is  a  complete  \l/2"  plastics  extruder  with  all 
accessories  for  wire  covering,  with  the  extruder,  letoff, 
capstans,  water  cooling  box  and  takeups  built  into  one 
compact  unit  12  ft  long.  "The  price  and  required  floor 
space  are  both  about  half  of  the  usual  larger  units  used 
for  fine  wire  covering,"  he  said.  "The  rated  production  of 
25  Ib  per  hour  will  provide  enough  material  to  cover 
#22  and  #24  wire  at  the  same  rate  as  the  larger  extruders 
used  heretofore.  When  using  large  extruders  to  cover 
fine  wire,  only  a  small  percentage  of  the  rated  capacity 
is  used  and  excessive  head  pressures  and  wear  shorten  the 
life  of  an  extruder." 

Standardization  Stressed 

Significant  of  the  growing  maturity  of  the  industry  is 
the  fact  that  no  fewer  than  three  papers  were  presented 
on  one  phase  or  another  of  standardization.  [The  ques- 
tion of  the  standardization  of  plastics  materials  themselves 
is  discussed  in  a  separate  article  in  this  issue,  based  on  the 
report  to  the  conference  by  N.  J.  Rakas — ED.] 

A  knotty  problem  was  tackled  by  L.  J.  Morrison,  De- 
troit Mold  Engineering  Co.,  in  his  paper,  "Considerations 
in  the  Standardization  of  Injection  Molds."  A  study  of 
three  custom  plants,  he  said,  shows  that  75  to  80% 
of  them  "fit  nicely  into  a  standard  set-up,  and  the  balance 
of  the  molds  would  have  dimensions  outside  our  standard 
range  or  be  too  complex  mechanically  for  standardizing." 
He  favored  the  rectangular  shape  and,  for  material, 
SAE-1040  steel  plates  as  a  compromise  between  mild  steel 
and  tool  steel  both  in  properties  and  price. 

Arguing  that  "flexibility  is  the  primary  consideration" 
in  standardizing  on  a  single  design  for  a  mold,  Mr.  Mor- 
rison pointed  out  the  advantages  of  two-plate  construc- 
tion for  both  front  and  back  die.  "The  use  of  the  two- 
plate  construction,"  he  said,  "at  once  eliminates  the  ma- 
(Continued  on  Page  123) 


Kenneth  Stowell  (left),  editor  of  "Architectural 
Record",  participated  in  the  forum  held  on  plastics  in 
building.  K.  W.  Braithwaite  of  Duplate  Canada,  Ltd.. 
reported  on  activities  of  the  SPI's  Canadian  section 


76 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


The  time  to  start  safeguarding  the  quality  of 
plastics  is  the  moment  their  ingredients  are  put 
in  drums. 

What  kind  of  protection  are  the  drums  you 
use  giving  to  their  contents?  Are  you  sure  the 
product  delivered  to  you  is  exactly  "as  speci- 
fied"? Are  you  sure — even  though  the  drums 
were  left  in  open  storage  for  long  periods  or 
exposed  to  rain  in  transit — there  has  been  no 
seepage,  leakage  or  contamination? 


The  answer  is  "yes",  if  your  drums  are 
equipped  with  Tri-Sure  Closures.  With  Tri- 
Sure  Closures  on  guard,  every  drop  of  the  con- 
tents is  hermetically  sealed  inside  the  drum — 
and  all  water  and  dust  are  sealed  out.  When 
you  see  Tri-Sure  Closures  on  a  drumhead  you 
know  what  you  are  getting;  you  are  getting 
exactly  the  quantity  and  quality  you  ordered. 


CLOSURES 

AMERICAN  FLANGE  &  MANUFACTURING  CO.  INC.,  30  ROCKEFELLER  PLAZA,  NEW  YORK  20,  N.  Y. 
TRI-SURE  PRODUCTS  LIMITED,  ST.  CATHARINES,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 


JARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


77 


TESTING 
Aids  Product 
De  velopment 

(Continued  from  page  34) 

new  product.  The  small  business  man  may  also  do  so  with 
the  aid  of  a  commercial  testing  laboratory,  where  experi- 
enced technicians  vary  the  design  or  formulation  so  that 
certain  desired  properties  may  be  forthcoming  in  the  fin- 
ished article  or  material.  Knch  -top  is  checked  with  ap- 
propriate tests  to  insure  that  the  idea  is  following  the  right 
path  toward  the  desired  or  most  useful  conclusion.  Let  us 
follow  the  work  of  a  laboratory  technician  on  several  spe- 
cific problems. 

In  the  development  of  fungus-resistant  coatings  for  the 
tropicalization  of  communications  equipment,  specifications 
state  that  coatings  must  have  high  dielectric  strength,  low 
water  vapor  diffusion,  high  resistance  to  effects  of  salt 
water  immersion  and  thermal  shock,  and  good  mildew  re- 
sistance. Panels  of  sheet  copper  are  dipped  in  the  coating 
solution  and  are  subjected  to  tests  after  drying.  If  the 
varnish  passes  these  tests  and  is  proven  to  be  mold  and 
mildew  resistant,  it  will  protect  glass,  fibre,  plastics,  fabric. 
wood  and  metal  components  of  field  telephone  and  radio 
equipment  which  are  subjected  to  severe  tropical  condi- 
tions. The  fibre  will  not  swell,  laminated  plastics  will  not 
be  delaminated,  and  fungus  and  corrosion  will  not  destroy 
insulating  and  dielectric  properties.  The  material  is  then 
tried  out  for  wet  dielectric  strength,  salt  water  immersion 
resistance  and  other  specified  tests.  When  these  are  satis- 


The  energy  required  to  break  a  specimen  determines  im- 
pact strength.    Close-up  shows  pendulum  about  to  strike 


A  general  view  of  the  equipment  used  to  measure  sound  ab- 
sorption is  shown  at  the  top.  The  close-up  below  reveals 
the  specimen  at  the  end  of  the  resonance  tube  and  the  micro- 
phone to  measure  the  amount  of  sound  that  is  reflected 


fied,  the  problem  is  narrowed  to  the  selection  of  a  fungi- 
cide which  should  not  be  irritating  to  the  man  who  will 
have  to  spray  the  coating,  should  not  be  too  toxic,  and 
should  be  compatible  with  all  the  ingredients  of  the  coat- 
ing without  altering  its  physical  properties. 

In  the  formulation  of  a  coating,  two  components  must 
be  considered — the  basic  resin  and  the  plasticizers  and  sol- 
vents. In  choosing  the  basic  resin,  the  technician  picks  out 
one  having  physical  properties  and  compatibility  with  sol- 
vents, plasticizers  and  other  resins,  which  may  give  him  a 
product  having  desired  properties.  For  instance,  if  good  ad- 
lu-Mon  and  moisture  resistance  are  desired,  hard  resins  are 
added,  and  the  resulting  product  is  brittle  and  not  very 
flexible.  If  soft  resins  are  added,  the  coating  becomes  more 
flexible  but  loses  in  moisture  resistance  and  adhesive  quali- 
ties. If  fire  resistance  is  desired,  a  plasticizer  such  as 
tricresyl  phosphate  is  used.  If  good  electrical  properties 
are  desired,  other  plasticizers  will  have  to  be  considered. 

Xew  molding  materials  are  constantly  being  tried  out  as 
substitutes  for  the  critical  phenolic  and  vinyl  resins.  Dried 
animal  blood,  for  instance,  has  been  compounded  with  fur- 
fural and  various  plasticizers  in  order  to  develop  a  low 
cost  thermosetting  resin.  A  rather  brittle,  dark-colored 
material  resulted  from  these  initial  experiments.  The  blood 
was  then  dissolved  in  a  small  quantity  of  water  and  blended 
with  stearates,  corn  syrup  and  a  filler,  and  either  parafor- 
maldehyde  or  furfuramide  added  to  make  a  moisture  re- 
sistant molding  compound.  A  fast-curing,  easily-molded 
material  resulted  which  had  fairly  good  impact  strength, 
tensile  strength  and  low  water  absorption. 


78 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


MOIWM6A 


Standard  Products'  reputation  is  an  inherent  part  of  every  plastic 
item  we  fabricate,  our  reputation  in  molding  plastics  is  not  acci- 
dental—but the  result  of  years  of  experience,  strenuous  application 
to  detail  and  an  honest  desire  to  produce  the  best  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost. 

The  Standard  Products  Co.  modern  press  equipment  plus  new 
techniques  in  molding  all  combine  to  assure  you  that  the  Standard 
Products  Co.  will  give  you  the  utmost  in  molding  sen-ice  .  .  . 
efficiently  and  economically. 

The  Plastics  Division  of  Standard  Products  is  equipped  to  mold 
any  plastic  part,  large  or  small,  by  injection,  compression,  extru- 
sion, transfer  or  jet  molding  processes. 

The  facilities  of  the  Standard  Products'  Research  Laboratory 
and  Engineering  Departments  are  at  your  service.  Write  the 
Standard  Products  Co.  if  you  have  a  plastic  molding  problem. 


THE  STANDARD  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 


505  Boulevard  Bldg. 


Main   Offices  and  Research  Laboratory 
•     Woodward  Ave.  at  E.  Grand  Blvd. 


Detroit  2,  Michigan 


JANI'ARY    194.-, 


PLASTICS 


Dielectric  strength   in   volts   per   mil   is   found   by   testing 
the  voltage  needed  to  puncture  samples  of  given  thickness 


Weatherometer  measures  the  eifect  of  thermal  changes,  sun- 
light and  rain  on  materials  to  be  exposed  to  the  elements 


Thermal  conductivity  is  measured  in  terms  of  heat  flow  thru 
a  sample  sandwiched  between  plates  of  different  temperatures 


Lignin,  Bagasse,  pine  sawdust.  >oyhean  meal  and  various 
extenders  have  also  been  compounded  in  the  laboratory, 
molded  into  dumb-bell  shaped  specimens  for  testing  tensile 
strength,  discs  for  water  absorption  and  dielectric  proper- 
ties and  bars  for  impact  and  flexural  strength.  By  varying 
the  proportions  of  plasticizer  and  filler,  these  new  molding: 
materials  are  modified  until  the  tests  show  maximum  or 
optimum  values  for  the  properties  desired.  The  material 
then  goes  into  production. 

During  the  course  of  developing  a  suitable  laminated 
material  for  aircraft  construction,  the  laminating  resin  was 
discovered  to  have  excellent  heat  insulation  value  when 
processed  in  a  certain  manner.  Laboratory  tests  showed 
that  the  thermal  conductivity  was  very  low  and  that  it 
was  much  lighter  in  weight  than  most  insulating  mate- 
rials now  in  use.  Tests  also  indicated  that  the  ma- 
terial had  a  low  structural  strength  and  poor  resistance 
to  moisture,  and  also  that  it  was  somewhat  inflammable. 
When  these  facts  were  submitted  to  the  manufacturer,  he 
devised  methods  of  impregnating,  coating,  and  other  wi-e 
treating  the  product  in  an  attempt  to  overcome  its  weak- 
nesses. 

Preparing  Test  Specimens 

Preparation  of  test  specimens  is  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant steps  in  determining  the  properties  of  a  plastics  ma- 
terial. Particular  care  must  be  taken  in  molding  test  speci- 
mens from  raw  material  or  powder,  in  order  that  the  period 
of  cure,  under  the  proper  temperature  and  pressure,  will 
equal  that  used  in  production  molding. 

Often  it  is  necessary  to  determine  the  optimum  time  for 
cure  of  a  plastics  by  means  of  an  acetone  extraction  test. 
This  test  shows  whether  the  amount  of  unconverted  resin 
i^  tinder  a  specified  maximum  figure. 

In  machining  specimens  from  laminated  or  sheet  stock. 
a  sharp,  high-speed  cutter  must  be  used  with  a  slow  feed 
to  prevent  the  plastics  from  being  subjected  to  intense  heat 
and  so  that  the  resin  will  not  separate  or  break  away  from 
the  fabric  or  paper  layers.  The  edges  must  then  be 
-innotlied  with  fine  emery  paper  to  remove  tool  marks 
which,  in  the  case  of  tensile  strength  specimens,  would  re- 
duce the  area  of  cross-section  and  introduce  an  element  of 
shear  rather  than  straight  axial  pull. 

The  edges  of  specimens  used  in  determining  water  ab- 
sorption must  be  very  carefully  smoothed  and  polished  so 
that  no  error  will  be  introduced  by  a  greater  absorption 
through  rough  areas. 

In  general,  the  characteristics  of  plastics  materials  are 
greatly  affected  by  two  important  factors ;  i.e.,  temperature 
and  humidity.  Unless  a  client  otherwise  specifies,  physical 
and  electrical  tests  are  conducted  after  the  finished  plastic 
test  specimens  have  been  conditioned  from  24  to  48  hr,  de- 
pending upon  the  thickness  of  the  pieces,  at  a  temperature 
of  77  ±  2°  F  and  a  relative  humidity  of  50  ±  2%.  This 
is  the  conditioning  treatment  specified  in  the  Standards  of 
the  American  Society  for  Testing  Materials. 

Types  of  Tests 

Perhaps  the  most  useful  and  informative  physical  test 
on  a  plastics  is  the  tensile  strength  test.  The  test  specimens 
are  prepared  in  a  dumb-bell  shape,  the  reduced  cross-sec- 
tional area  between  the  gripping  surfaces  being  calculated 
from  micrometer  measurements  and  divided  into  the  maxi- 
mum load  in -pounds  indicated  by  the  testing  machine  at 
failure  of  the  specimen  to  give  the  ultimate  tensile  strength 
in  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  modulus  of  elasticity  in 
tension  as  well  as  the  percent  elongation  is  determined  from 
stress-strain  data  taken  during  this  test. 

The  Izod  impact  test,  which  requires  a  notched  bar  21// 
long  by  l/2"  square,  is  generally  accepted  as  the  standard 


80 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Decorate  your  postwar  products  at  a  fraction 
of  handpainting  time  and  cost  with  colorful 
Meyercord  Decorative  Decals.  They're  durable, 
washable  and  easily  applied  at  production  line 
speeds.  Hundreds  of  beautiful  stock  designs  will 
be  available  at  war's  end,  or  exclusive  designs 
ran  be  made  to  your  order  in  any  size  or  number 
of  colors.  Eye-appeal  increases  buy-appeal  and 
Meyercord  Decorative  Decals  easily  and  inex- 


pensively  provide  just  the  right  decorative  treat- 
ment. Learn  how  the  Meyercord  method  provides 
you  a  designing  and  decorating  department  in 
package  form.  Write  for  complete  details.  Please 
address  all  inquiries  to  Department  84-1 


RCQRD 


BotttU  .  .  . 
DECORATE    YOUR     PRODUCTS     WITH 


THE    MEYERCORD   CO..   CHICAGO   44.  ILL. 
SALES    OFFICES    IN    PRINCIPAL    CITIES 


JAM  Ain 


/•  /.  A  s  T  I  <:  s 


81 


impact  test  for  plastics  materials.  These  specimens  are 
fixed  in  a  small  vise  on  the  frame  of  the  machine  and  are 
struck  by  a  swinging  pendulum.  The  impact  strength  in 
foot-pounds  per  inch  of  notch  is  proportional  to  the  height 
to  which  the  pendulum  rises  after  breaking  the  specimen. 

Compressive  strength  is  measured  in  pounds  per  square 
inch  and  is  determined  by  applying  a  compressive  load  with 
a  universal  testing  machine  usually  to  a  rectangular  prism 
whose  height  is  twice  its  principle  width.  Considerable 
care  must  be  taken  in  machining  specimen  ends  parallel  so 
that  the  load  will  be  applied  uniformly  to  each  unit  of  area. 

Flexural  strength  tests  are  made  to  evaluate  the  resist- 
ance of  plastics  to  bending  stresses.  A  rectangular  strip  or 
bar  of  the  material  rests  on  two  supports  and  the  load  is  ap- 
plied at  the  center  of  the  span.  The  span  length  is  varied 
depending  upon  the  thickness  of  the  material.  The  maxi- 
mum fibre  stress  is  calculated  from  the  dimensions  of  the 
specimen  and  the  load  at  rupture. 

Several  new  tests  have  been  devised  for  sheet  and  lami- 
nated materials.  Bearing  strength  is  calculated  from  the 
load  applied  to  a  pin  passing  horizontally  through  the  speci- 
men which  produces  a  specified  deformation  of  hole  diam- 
eter. Shear  strength  is  calculated  from  the  cross-sectional 
area  of  a  strip  of  plastics  mounted  in  a  Johnson  shear  tool 
and  the  load  required  to  rupture  it  in  double  shear. 

The  Rockwell  hardness  test  is  used  to  evaluate  the  resist- 
ance of  molded  or  laminated  parts  to  pressure  exerted  by 
bolts  or  screws  and  is  a  measure  of  the  toughness  of  the 
article  and  its  ability  to  withstand  rough  handling  without 
being  marred.  The  test  apparatus  measures  the  depth  of 
penetration  of  a  %"  ball  resulting  from  increasing  a  minor 
load  to  a  major  load.  The  accuracy  of  the  hardness  number 


thus  determined  is  dependent  on  careful  control  of  the  time 
of  load  application  and  release  and  using  a  test  specimen 
having  at  least  1  sq  in  of  surface  area  and  a  thickness  of  }4' . 

Plastics  and  synthetic  resins  have  inherent  characteristics 
which  make  them  indispensable  for  use  as  insulators  and 
supports  in  all  types  of  electrical  work.  These  characteris- 
tics are  low  water  absorption,  high  dielectric  strength,  low 
power  factor  and  loss  factor  and  good  arc  resistance. 

The  dielectric  strength  is  the  maximum  voltage  that  a 
material  will  withstand  without  breakdown  and  is  ex- 
pressed in  volts  per  mil  of  thickness.  The  short-time  test 
is  the  most  common  procedure  for  determination  of  dielec- 
tric strength.  The  voltage  between  electrodes,  using  the 
testing  material  as  a  dielectric,  is  raised  from  0  to  break- 
down at  a  uniform  rate  of  500  v  per  second.  The  power 
factor  and  dielectric  constant  of  a  plastics  material  are 
measured  by  standard  bridge  circuits  at  commercial  power 
frequencies  and  at  radio  frequencies.  The  power  factor 
is  the  ratio  of  the  power  loss  in  watts  to  the  volt-amperes 
of  a  condenser  using  the  test  material  as  the  dielectric. 
The  dielectric  constant  is  the  ratio  of  the  capacity  of  a 
condenser  using  the  test  material  as  the  dielectric  to  the 
capacity  of  the  condenser  using  air  as  the  dielectric.  The 
loss  factor  is  the  product  of  the  dielectric  constant,  and 
the  power  factor  and  is  proportional  to  the  amount  of  heat 
generated  per  unit  of  volume.  The  test  for  arc  resistance 
is  made  by  drawing  a  high-voltage,  low-current  arc  be- 
tween two  tungsten  electrodes  resting  on  the  surface  of 
the  test  material.  This  arc  is  interrupted  in  a  specified 
time  cycle  and  the  arc-current  is  increased  by  steps  until 
the  material  fails  by  becoming  conductive.  The  time  re- 
quired to  reach  failure  is  the  material's  arc  resistance.  END 


FROM  "WHAT-NOTS 
TO   WHAT  NEXT... 


KNOWS   when,  where  and  how  to  take  full  advantage  of  the 
many  physical  and  sales  properties  of  plastics. 

KNOWS   how  best  to  engineer — and  help  design — this  modern 
basic    material  to    your  products    to   speed  production, 
lower  costs  and  stimulate  sales  appeal. 

KNOWS   where  plastics  fit  the  job — and  sometimes  even  more 
important,  what  their  limitations  are. 

To  those  who  contemplate  new  products,  and  who  need 
competent,   honest   appraisal  of  plastics'  place  in    their 
ideas,  we  offer  our  years  of  experience. 

KNOW  NOSCO  FOR  NOSCO  KNOWS 

Address   your    inquiry  lo  .  .  . 

MOSCO    Plastics 


DIVISION       OF 
NATIONAL      ORGAN      SUPPLY      CO    'ERIE,    PA. 


82 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Whether  you  build  Minesweepers  or  Kitchen  Equipment... 


* Your  product  can  be  improved 

with  a  Kimpreg*  Surface 


\  revolutionary  new  alloy-like  material 
i-  arhieved  by  fusing  to  plywood's  sur- 
face a  cured  plastic  skin  of  KIMPREC.  This 
n-Miltant  material  is  not  a  plywood  in  the 
ordinary  sense,  not  a  conventional  plas- 
tic laminate.  It  is  a  brand  new,  better 
structural  medium  with  countless  appli- 
cations in  many  products — including,  \ cry 
probably,  those  you  plan  for  post-war 
production. 

With  KIMFKKI;,  plywood  is  converted 
into  an  improved  substance  which  can  be 
iii.irliincd,  funned  and  fastened  like  ordi- 
n.irv  wood — yet  has  a  plastic's  smooth, 
t"HL-li  surface  and  beautiful,  permanent, 
paintlr--  Imi-li. 

KiMi'HKi:  iiilds  the  following  advantages 
to  plywood:  1,  increases  durability  and 
flruir.il  -ircngth;2,  provides  resistance  to 
and  vapor;  3,  armor-pl;ili-~ 


against  extreme  abrasion;  4,  prevents  sur- 
face checks;  5,  diminishes  grain-raising 
effects;  6,  makes  the  material  scuffproof, 
splinterproof,  snae-resistant;  7,  affords  a 
stainproof,  washable,  "wipe  clean"  sur- 
face; 8,  creates  resistance  to  chemical  ac- 
tion, decay,  temperature-extremes,  fire, 
vermin,  and  mold.  Moreover,  it  is  warm 
to  the  touch,  does  not  have  the  chill 
"feel"  of  metal  surfaces. 


impreg 


Today  all  KIMPREC  is  required  for  mili- 
tary needs,  ranging  from  airborne  "pre- 
fab" huts  to  glass-smooth  tables  for  pack- 
ing parachutes  without  snagging.  Hence, 
the  wartime  color  of  KIMPREC  is  a  soldierly 
olive-drab.  Post-war,  however,  it  will  be 
offered  in  a  variety  of  appealing  hues. 

Now  is  the  time  to  investigate  the  pos- 
sibilities of  KiMPREG-surfaced  materials  for 
\  <ai r  peacetime  requirements. 


Request  FREE  Kimpreg 
book  from  Kimberly-Clark, 
Neenah,  Wisconsin. 


P-145 


TRADC     MARK 


Among  tit*  lorn  of  KIMfRF.C.  arr.  Ru/rlrn  l.umltr  t  Manufaclitiinf  Cumpanvl  Olympic 
Hyvaed  <  ,,npan-, ;  WfiMfflon  I'entrr  Camp**);  and  TV  Wkefler.  Oifood  Cxo/xmv;  all  .,/ 
•*..«•  arr  currently  frod*d«g  «  Daugloi  Fir  Plywood  HU/«cW  with  flMfRKC. 
it  told  tatJtr  the  trade  Mm*  of  Indent*. 


A  PRODUCT  Of 

iKimterlvl 
Clark* 


firm. 


Norn. 


Addriu 

•Kimpreg  llr^e-m^H  IMMJ 


J  \MARY    19-t.» 


PLASTICS 


83 


n 

PLASTICS  Washington   Correspondent 


THE  reality  of  our  swing  back  to  war  production  as  the 
nation's  major  business  was  emphasized  early  in  De- 
cember in  the  joint  directive  issued  by  WPB,  WMC,  Army, 
Navy  and  other  agencies,  to  their  field  personnel  —  a  direc- 
tive which  profoundly  affects  the  orientation  of  the  plastics 
industry.  The  actual  situation  is  stressed  in  these  words, 
taken  from  the  text:  "It  is  just  as  urgent  to  build  up  war 
production  today  as  it  was  on  the  day  after  Pearl  Harbor." 

Official  Washington  has  taken  its  cue  from  these  unvar- 
nished, blunt  words,  and  says  that  for  90  to  180  days  ahead, 
meaning  virtually  until,  at  least,  next  Summer,  we  must 
concentrate  on  war  production  with  the  same  complete  indif- 
ference to  civilian  needs  as  we  practiced  immediately  after 
Pearl  Harbor.  Spot  authorizations,  as  they  were  rosily  painted 
in  September  and  October,  for  revival  of  civilian  non-war 
production,  are  out  the  window.  Chairman  Krug,  of  WPB, 
has  announced  they  have  been  suspended  for  90  days.  The 
Capital  thinks  this  means  until  mid-Summer. 

The  George  Reconversion  Law,  creating  the  Office  of 
War  Mobilization  and  Reconversion  cannot  be  cancelled 
without  Congressional  repeal,  which  is  unlikely;  but  the 
operation  of  the  law,  so  far  as  reconversion  is  concerned, 
can  be  tacitly  suspended;  and  that  is  the  practical  effect 
of  the  wordless  agreement  between  Director  Byrnes,  the 
Smaller  War  Plants  Corp.,  and  others.  I'ntil  the  European 
war  shows  exact  and  definite  terms  of  surrender  and  ter- 
mination, and  the  war  in  the  Pacific  reveals  more  progress, 
the  Government  will  focus  every  thought  and  every 
energy  on  employing  most  of  our  energies  and  materials 
and  facilities  on  production  of  war  materials. 

Gen.  Brehon  V.  Somervell  told  the  Senate  War  Investi- 
gating Committee  that  the  nation,  at  the  moment,  is  short 
400,000  workers  to  produce  supplies  now  urgently  required 
by  the  Army  alone;  and  that  the  war  industries  today  are 
in  immediate  need  of  more  than  1,000,000  persons  in  excess 
of  the  numbers  employed  on  war  production  a  year  ago. 
Sober  thinkers  in  the  Senate  have  said  that  unless  the 
deficit  in  workers  can  be  met,  say,  by  the  middle  of  Jan- 
uary, the  Army  and  Navy  will  be  justified  in  demanding  a 
National  Service  Act.  This  conclusion  is  based  on  the  asser- 
tion there  is  a  very  real  shortage  of  40%  of  war  items,  and 
that  there  is  a  critical  shortage  in  27%  of  the  items. 

It  is  important  for  the  plastics  industry  to  realize  there 
is  an  outstanding  lack  of  explosives,  ammunition,  heavy 
artillery,  small  arms,  tires,  radar,  bombs,  batteries,  as  well 
as  wire,  heavy  trucks  and  textiles.  Despatches  in  the  daily 
news  from  Europe  report  specifically  in  some  instances 
American  troops  have  been  unable  to  follow  through  in 
attacks  for  lack  of  artillery  support  because  the  artillery 
had  used  up  its  quota  of  shells.  A  group  of  business  men 
who  toured  the  European  front  lines  indignantly  repudi- 
ated the  overoptimism  at  home,  and  hammered  home  the 
thought  that  more  production  and  different  products  are 
necessary  to  support  the  troops. 

More   War  Construction 

Krug  announced  WPB  has  cleared  the  way  for  the  con- 
struction immediately  of  $500,000,000  worth  of  new  arsenals, 
new  plants,  and  new  towns  for  war  production.  This  is 
the  start.  More  will  come.  The  trend  is  indicated  by  the 
activity  in  one  interior  State,  where  a  plant  has  been  started, 
together  with  a  new  community,  which  will  cover  110,000 
acres,  and  which  will  permanently  employ  12,000  persons 


when  the  plant  is  ready  to  go  into  operation  in  March.  It 
is  important  that  the  plastics  industry  realize  the  controls 
will  be  far  more  drastic  on  labor  as  well  as  on  materials 
and  facilities.  This  tightening  must  bear  down  heavily  on 
all  industries  except  those  which  make  absolutely  "must" 
products  for  war. 

Manpower   Squeeze 

Any  pla-tic-  producer,  not  directly  employed  in  things 
required  actually  for  war,  will  unquestionably  be  squeezed 
for  manpower  in  these  areas,  if  the  regional  or  area  officials 
of  XV IT.,  WMC,  and  the  armed  services,  determine  the 
in-rds  of  war  production  in  other  plants  compel  such 
action.  Employees  will  not  be  yanked  out  of  plants,  at 
least  not  at  this  stage  of  the  proceedings;  but  in  the  natural 
course  of  labor  turn-over,  industries  not  classified  as  direct 
war  producers  will  not  be  able  to  secure  replacements.  Let 
ii-  -ay  employment  ceilings  are  lowered  20%.  This  means, 
as  workers  leave,  that  I'SKS  and  other  WMC  agencies 
will  not  clear  other  workers  for  employment  by  firms  whose 
i-rilings  have  been  lowered.  Similar  experiences,  to  a  lesser 
decree,  may  befall  those  in  less  tight  labor  areas.  It  may 
be  necessary  to  squeeze  plants  in  these  areas  in  order  to 
force  workers  to  move  from  an  easier  area  to  the  most 
critical  war  production  areas.  And,  obviously,  the  plastics 
industry  may  feel  the  pinch  indirectly  by  more  difficulties 
in  procuring  operating  supplies.  It  is  logical  that  their  sup- 
pliers may  also  find  themselves  squeezed  for  manpower 
and  materials  and  facilities.  The  contraction  over-all  will 
be  vertical  as  well  as  horizontal. 

Nils  Anderson's  Plastic  Branch  of  the  Chemical  Bureau 
of  XX'PB  naturally  is  the  place  of  recourse  for  those  who 
suffer  for  a  lack  of  materials  and  primary  materials.  But 
if  you  have  labor  troubles,  or  difficulties  in  finding  other 
supplies;  or  if  you  have  problems  involving  relations  with 
various  agencies  which  you  do  not  know  immediately  how 
to  solve,  communicate  with  George  K.  Hamill,  chief  of  the 
Chemicals  Division,  Office  of  Civilian  Requirements.  It  is 
the  business  of  this  autonomous  part  of  WPB  to  give  a 
wide  variety  of  assistance  to  those  who  do  not  know  where 
to  turn. 

The  producer  who  can  procure  scrap  is  not  confronted 
with  trouble  about  materials  for  non-war  things.  But  the 
producer  who  needs  almost  any  other  plastics  material 
faces  some  kind  of  trouble,  unless  he  makes  something 
directly  required  for  war.  The  situation  changes  so  fre- 
quently that  to  discuss  the  details  about  supplies  and  raw 
materials,  as  they  are  current  the  time  this  report  is  written, 
would  be  almost  useless.  At  this  moment  the  difficulties 
involved  in  nitrocellulose,  and  its  applications  to  thermo- 
plastics, are  the  subject  of  much  discussion.  Apparently 
the  tremendous  requirements  for  smokeless  powder  (in 
which  they  tell  us  here  even  synthetic  camphor  is  now 
involved),  and  the  expanding  program  of  shell  loadings, 
affects  other  war  uses  of  cellulose  acetate,  and  appar- 
ently all  aspects  of  these  acetics  and  anhydrides. 

The  various  orders  and  directives  issued  the  past  month 
show  the  garment  program  is  notably  short-circuited. 
Thermosetting  resins,  synonymous  with  benzine,  are  af- 
fected by  the  methanol  supply  and  the  aviation  program's 
growing  demand  for  gasoline,  which,  in  turn,  rationalizes 
the  cutbacks  in  melamines  and  ureas. 


84 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Butyl  alcohol,  butyl  acetate,  and  methyl  ketone,  used 
chiefly  in  the  manufacture  of  protective  coatings,  are  avail- 
able in  allotments  of  54  gal  each  per  month  under  the 
small  order  exemption.  Paper  work  has  been  further  re- 
dui-rd  for  molders  who  no  longer  need  file  Form  WPB 
."M5  to  obtain  cellulose  acetate  and  cellulose  acetate  buty- 
.wdcr.  They  simply  file  certified  statements  of  pro- 
einl-iises  with  their  suppliers,  and  suppliers  file  \VPB 
_*M7  on  tin'  basis  of  the  molders'  certifications.  The  trend 
of  decreased  supplies  was  reflected  in  an  amendment  to 
schedule  35.  Order  M-300,  which  reduced  small  order 

•  lions  for  urea  and  mclamine  aldehyde  molding  com- 
pounds from  2000  Ib  per  month  to  100  Ib.    The  reduction 
was  necessary  because  of  the  shortage  of  formaldehyde. 
Polystyrene  and  polydichchlorostyrene  were  declared  to 

.pie  in  supply  to  meet  all  present  restricted  demands. 
Synthetic  camphor  was  placed  under  control  of  Schedule 

•filer  M-300,  in  order  to  fill  all  military  requirements. 
Approximately  50%  of  civilian  requests  are  expected  to  be 
filled.  Kven  for  military  uses  the  phthalic  anhydride  con- 
tent of  protective  coatings  will  continue  to  be  limited  to 

. .1'  the  solid  content  of  the  vehicle.  On  December  1, 
\\Pli  announced  a  very  slight  relaxation  in  the  use  of 
plithalic  alkyd  resins  because  there  was  less  pressing  de- 
mand for  the  most  urgent  military  needs.  The  relaxation 
chiefly  made  it  possible  to  apply  the  resin  for  several  more 
military  applications  which  hitherto  had  been  denied.  WPB 
reiterated  iu  November  that  there  is  no  prospect  of  any 
\\lnii  for  civilian  use  for  a  long  time  to  come.  The  entire 
production  is  consumed  by  military  requirements.  Nylon 

.  to  a  very  limited  extent,  is  available  for  products 
ordered  by  the  Army,  Navy,  Maritime  Commission,  War 
Shipping  Administration,  and  Veterans'  Administration. 

fewer  Fountain  Pens 

Denial  of  materials  to  increase  the  production  of  foun- 
tain pens,  which  were  requested  by  the  Army  at  a  meeting 
•  untain  Pen  and  Mechanical  Pencil  Industry  Advisory 
Committee,  brought  out  some  interesting  facts.  The  Army 
representatives  vigorously  but  vainly  pleaded  for  more 
pens  and  pencils  for  soldiers  overseas.  Plastics  Branch 
officials  of  \YPB  made  clear  that  the  three  types  of  plastics 
most  commonly  used  for  fountain  pens  and  mechanical 
pencils  are  cellulose  ester,  nitrocellulose,  and  acrylic  plas- 
tics, all  of  which  are  extremely  critical  because  all  are 
1  on  raw  materials  urgently  needed  for  direct  war  pur- 
Plasticizers  needed  to  make  cellulose  ester  plastics 
are  -o  pressing!}-  required  to  make  smokeless  powder  that 
only  limited  quantities  can  be  made  available  for  other 
most  essential  purposes.  It  was  pointed  out  that  produc- 
tion of  nitrocellulose  plastii  s  i-  limited  by  the  supply  of 
camphor.  Natural  camphor  has  almost  disappeared  from 
use  here  because  it  is  normally  obtained  from  Formosa,  a 
Japanese  possession.  Synthetic  camphor,  which  has  been 
developed  since  the  pre-war  source  was  cut  off,  is  limited 
to  relatively  small  quantities  because  manpower  is  short. 
When  more  manpower  can  be  had  for  its  manufacture, 
whatever  may  be  made  available  is  destined  for  the  pro- 
duction of  explosives.  Sodium  cyanide,  which  is  required 
to  make  acrylics,  is  absorbed  to  make  aviation  gasoline. 
WPI!  i  'ompliance  Division  reports  the  most  severe  pun- 
nt  ever  imposed  for  black  market  operations  was 

out  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  to  two  men  who  formed  what 
they  called  a  laboratory  for  experimental  purposes;  but 
actually  used  their  facilities,  and  the  materials  they  ob- 
tained, to  manufacture  fabrics  involving  the  use  of  10,000  Ib 
of  nitriHelliil.se,  26,000  Ib  dibutyl  phthalate,  and  acetates 
and  1,000,000  yards  of  rayon.  They  were  charged  with 

es,  false  pretenses,  raising  of  preference  ratings,  and 
other  criminal  offenses.     They  pretended  to  use  the  critical 
materials  to  make  aircraft  fabrics,  hospital  sheetings,  crib 
.mil   balloon   fabrics,   while   they   actually   manu- 
factured baby  pants,  shower  caps,  and  rain  capes,  and  sold 

at  virtually  double  the  ceiling  price.     They  made  no 
itory  experiments  but  in  reality  acted  as  jobbers.   The 

il  judge  sentenced  them  to  a  year  and  a  day  in  prison, 
and  lined  them  $5(KH)  each.  END 


ENGINEERING 


By  LEWIS  WINNER 

Marhtt    ftcieorch    tnglnmtr 

Understanding   Radio   Frequency 

\Vith  interest  in  radio  frequency  preheating  growing 
apace,  as  molders  discover  advantages  which  offset  its 
higher  cost,  the  testimony  given  by  George  H.  Brown 
of  RCA  before  the  Federal  Communications  Commis- 
sion at  its  recent  frequency  allocation  hearings  should 
prove  of  considerable  interest  to  the  plastics  industry. 

Mr.  Brown  pointed  out  that  radio  frequency  (elec- 
tronic) heating  may  he  divided  into  two  classification-: 

(1)  Heating  of   good   electrical   conductors   by   induction: 
and    (2)    heating   of  poor   electrical   conductors   by   dielec- 
tric   loss.        Thus    when    a    poor    electrical    conductor    is 
placed    in    a    strong    radio-frequency    field,    the    material 
absorbs   power  and   heating  occurs. 

There  are  four  factors  that  control  power  absorption. 
These  are:  (1)  Power  factor;  (2)  dielectric  constant; 
(3)  voltage  gradient;  and  (4)  frequency  of  the  alter- 
nating field.  The  power  factor,  dielectric  constants  and 
voltage  gradient,  are  dependent  upon  the  frequency.  Mr. 
Brown  pointed  out  that  the  power  factor  generally  in- 
creases at  higher  frequencies,  decreases  at  higher  tempera- 
ture and  in  addition  may  be  peaked  at  one  or  more  critical 
frequencies.  Oil  and  other  related  hydrocarbons,  for  in- 
stance, indicate  that  a  power  factor  peak  exists  at  about 
170  megacycles.  Thus  for  the  effective  heating  of  these 
materials  by  dielectric  loss,  this  frequency  should  be  used. 
The  dielectric  constant  characteristics  are  the  reverse  of 
the  power  factor.  That  is,  it  frequently  decreases  at  higher 
frequencies  and  usually  increases  with  temperature.  The 
voltage  gradient,  according  to  Mr.  Brown,  decreases  with 
frequency  inversely  as  the  square  root  of  frequency.  In 
view  of  this  condition,  therefore,  it  is  ordinarily  necessary 
to  operate  at  the  higher  frequencies. 

Analyzing  typical  plastics  that  can  be  heated  by  radio 
frequencies,  he  said  thermoplastic  materials  such  as  Sarnn 
can  be  heated  by  dielectric  loss.  However,  they  have  a 
relatively  low  voltage  resistance  and  break  down  easily. 
He  cited  three  tests  made  with  this  type  of  material.  In 
one,  a  frequency  of  15  megacycles  was  used.  Because  of 
the  voltage  breakdown,  operation  was  not  reliable.  How- 
ever at  60  megacycles,  used  in  the  second  test,  improved 
operation  was  noticed.  And  at  240  megacycles,  used  in  the 
third  test,  completely  reliable  operation  was  afforded.  The 
electronic  sewing  machine  was  used  during  these  tests.  In 
the  60-megacycle  instance,  the  speeds  of  operation  were 
around  3  fpm,  while  at  240  megacycles  speeds  of  up  to 
6  fpm  were  used  successfully.  Higher  frequencies  increased 
the  speed,  because  the  reduced  voltage  across  the  load 
eliminated  a  tendency  to  arc  over. 

As  to  frequency  requirements  for  dielectric  heating  with 
electronic  equipment,  Mr.  Brown  pointed  out  that  there 
are  two  classes:  (1)  High  power  or  hundreds  of  kilowatts 
at  frequencies  from  25  to  35  megacycles  downward;  and 

(2)  lower  power  measured  in  watts  or  hundreds  of  watts 
at  frequencies  of  30  megacycles  upward. 

Speed   Output   of   Turned   Plastics 

Photoelectronic  gauges  have  replaced  the  fixed  mechanical 
gauges  in  many  plants  to  accelerate  production  of  turned 
plastics  materials.  The  newer  method  does  not  require  skilled 
personnel  and  is  most  accurate.  It  provides  for  instant  re- 
moval from  the  production  line  of  all  processed  pieces  which 
do  not  adhere  to  the  specified  tolerances.  A  very  narrow- 
beam  of  light  provided  by  an  unique  incandescent  lamp 
known  as  the  l'oinl-o-lilc  is  used.  In  this  lamp  the  filament 
is  of  a  low  temperature  operating  type.  And  in  addition  to 
the  filament  we  have  a  small  tungsten  sphere  and  a  rarefied 


J\M 


P  L  i  S  T  1 C.  > 


inert  gas  atmosphere.  In  operation,  an  ionized  arc  path  is 
developed  between  the  filament  and  the  second  electrode  or 
plate.  Due  to  the  intensity  of  the  current  in  the  arc  path, 
the  temperature  of  the  plate  sphere  is  raised  to  incandes- 
cence. And  since  the  lamp  filament  operates  at  a  relatively 
low  temperature,  serving  merely  to  provide  an  electron 
stream  for  the  ionization  of  the  gas,  the  actual  source  of 
illumination  is  the  plate  sphere.  The  transmitted  light  is 
arranged  to  fall,  if  it  is  unobstructed,  on  a  photoelectronic 
camera  lens  in  such  a  manner  that  a  considerable  portion 
of  a  phototube  cathode  is  eliminated.  If  the  height  of  a 
measured  part,  inclusive  of  that  introduced  by  the  inter- 
position of  the  gauge  cradle  above  the  true  surface,  is  such 
that  a  portion  of  the  light  beam  is  obstructed,  the  illumina- 
tion falling  on  the  phototube  cathode  is  proportionately 
decreased.  As  a  result  a  small  change  in  the  height  of  the 
measured  piece  above  the  true  surface  effects  a  consid- 
erable change  in  the  illumination  incident  on  the  phototube 
cathode.  In  this  way  one  is  able  to  obtain  a  measurement 
and  control  of  materials  on  the  production  conveyor. 

Importance  of  Molecular  Structure 

The  immensely  important  part  that  molecular  configura- 
tion plays  in  plastics  construction  was  stressed  by  A.  J. 
Warner  of  the  Intelin  Division  of  Federal  Radio  and  Tele- 
phone Corp.  during  a  recent  discussion.  High  polymers, 
he  said,  such  as  polystyrene,  Liicitc,  polyethylene,  poly- 
vinyl  chloride  and  Nylon  consist  of  long  chains  of  atoms 
of  different  length  which  are  bound  to  each  other  by  sec- 
ondary forces  or  by  what  is  known  as  a  hydrogen  bond,  he 
said.  The  molecular  arrangement  of  these  long  chains  pro- 
vides the  explanation  of  why  one  plastics  differs  from 
another  in  physical  properties. 

Mr.  Warner  indicated  that  the  relationship  between  the 
mechanical  properties  and  the  average  chain  length  of  the 
molecule  is  such  that  a  critical  minimum  value  must  exist 
before  any  mechanical  strength  is  reached.  This  minimum 


ranges  between  40  and  80  units  —  smallest  in  the  case  of 
Nylon  and  longest  in  the  case  of  hydrocarbons  such  as 
polyethylene  and  polystyrene.  Once  we  reach  the  minimum 
chain  length,  he  said,  the  material  shows  mechanical 
strength  and  its  ultimate  properties  are  roughly  in  propor- 
tion to  the  average  chain  length  until  an  upper  limit  of 
chain  limits  of  about  250  is  reached,  beyond  which  there  is 
no  appreciable  change. 

In  polyethylene  we  have  an  example  of  a  very  simple 
molecule  with  a  marked  absence  of  side  groupings.  Mr. 
Warner  pointed  out  that  the  molecules  are  packed  tightly 
together  and  the  material  exhibits  a  typical  X-ray  pattern. 
Accordingly  polyethylene  provides  a  fibre-like  structure. 
This  characteristic  is  quite  evident  from  the  ease  with 
which  filaments  of  this  material  have  been  made.  Mr. 
Warner  also  cited  the  cold-drawn  effect  that  is  observed  on 
stretching.  The  material  also  has  a  relatively  sharp  melt- 
ing point. 

Non-polar  materials  such  as  hydrocarbons  (polybutene, 
polystyrene  and  polyethylene)  have  optimum  electrical 
properties,  according  to  Mr.  Warner.  Discussing  high- 
frequency  transmission  lines,  he  said  that  the  familiar 
marshmallow  type  of  installation  which  was  made  by  stif- 
fening polybutene  with  various  resins  did  not  prove  too 
satisfactory  for  many  severe  applications.  However  in 
1943  another  substance,  known  as  polyethylene,  was 
developed,  which  has  now  been  selected  as  the  preferred 
dielectric  for  all  high  frequency  transmission  lines. 
Mr.  Warner  pointed  out  that  with  polyethylene  it  is  pos- 
sible to  obtain  a  temperature  range  of  from  —40°  C  to 
100°  C,  while  the  power  factor  and  dielectric  constant  over 
a  very  wide  range  of  frequencies  are  .0003  and  2.3  respec- 
tively. 

In  discussing  flame  resistance,  he  said  that  the  best  flame- 
resistant  materials  are  those  which  contain  in  their  mole- 
cules halogen  atoms  such  as  chlorine,  bromine  or  fluorine, 
whose  molecules  also  resist  gasoline  and  oils.  END 


It  takes  both 

EXPERIENCE 

AND  SKILL 


Just  because  he  has  all  the  trimmings  of  a  cow- 
boy doesn't  mean  he  can  swing  a  mean  lasso.  It's 
time  spent  on  the  range  and  long,  hard  hours  of  real 
work. 

That  applies  to  PLASTIC  MOLDING  as  well.  The 
finest  equipment  in  the  country  will  turn  out  low 
grade  work  without  skill  and  experience  behind  it. 
Your  product  deserves  the  attention  of  an  organiza- 
tion not  too  small  to  have  the  best  in  machines  and 
men,  and  not  so  large  that  your  order  gets  only 
routine  attention  —  in  other  words  —  MARTINDELL. 


MOLDING  co. 

OLDEN  and  6th  Street  •  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


86 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Here  is  where  efficient  plastic  production  starts,  at  the  drawing 
board.  Here  models  are  developed,  the  right  plastics  chosen,  the 
"bugs"  eliminated.  It  is  at  this  point  that  Precision  Plastics  Com- 
pany can  start  being  of  real  service  to  anyone  interested  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  plastic  parts  or  products.  After  the  smoke  of  battle 
clears  away,  remember  the  name  "PRECISION,"  where  skilled 
craftsmen,  modern  facilities,  and  practical  experience  are  combined 
with  personal  service. 


PRECISION 


J  \\UARY   1945 


4647-61    STENTON    AVE.,    PHILADELPHIA    44,    PA. 
PLASTICS  87 


1I11S1H 


IllllltlU 


A  Joint  Industry  Council  composed  of  representatives  of 
labor  and  management  has  been  created  by  British  plastics 
companies  to  handle  labor  problems  for  the  industry.  Chair- 
man for  1944  is  H.  V.  Potter,  managing  director  of  Bake- 
lite,  Ltd. 

• 

Douglas  Aircraft  Co.  has  arranged  for  manufacture  and 
sale  of  plastics  rivets  by  American  Specialties  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  6455  Sunset  Blvd.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

• 

The  name  of  the  Celanese  Celluloid  Corp.  (selling  organi- 
zation for  plastics  products  of  Celanese  Corporation  of 
America)  has  been  changed  to  Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 

• 

The  Army  Air  Forces  has  developed  a  resin-impregnated 
kraft-paper  disposable  aircraft  fuel  tank,  bag-molded  in 
three  sections.  Join  rings  and  the  tank  body  are  sealed 
with  Thiokol  cement.  The  tank  is  carried  on  the  bomb 
racks  under  the  fuselage  of  Republic  P-47  Thunderbolt 
fighters. 

• 

Collapsible  gasoline  containers  made  of  vinyl-impregnated 
cotton  duck  have  been  developed  by  the  Fuels  and  Lubri- 
cants Division,  Office  of  the  Quartermaster  General.  Hold- 
ing from  750  to  3000  gal,  some  of  the  units  are  set  up  with 
rigid  plywood  frames,  others  by  means  of  poles. 

• 

Interlake  Chemical  Corp.  of  Delaware,  producer  of  chem- 
icals recovered  from  the  distillation  of  coal,  has  acquired 
Central  Process  Corp.  of  Forest  Park,  111.,  which  developed 
the  wide  line  of  C.  P.  C.  synthetic  resins  and  plastic  ma- 
terials for  the  aircraft,  insulation,  plywood,  radio  and  plastic 
industries. 


Production  of  vinyl  polymers  and  copolymers  has  begun 
at  the  Niagara  Falls  plant  of  the  chemical  division,  B.  F. 
Goodrich  Co.  The  plant  was  originally  designed  to  turn 
out  vinyl  polymers,  but  when  the  division  developed  a  new 
series  of  vinyl-vinylidene  chloride  copolymers,  plans  were 
set  into  effect  to  change  the  processing  equipment  so  that 
either  polymers  or  copolymers  could  be  created.  Expansion 
of  the  chemical  plant  in  Louisville.  Ky.,  which  also  creates 
vinyl  resins,  is  under  way. 

• 

S.  Buchsbaum  &  Co.  has  leased  a  6-story  building  at  1801  S. 
Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  for  the  creation  of  a  research  lab- 
oratory to  experiment  with  rainwear.  /•'/ii.r/M/Vu.vx  products, 
billfolds,  belts  and  suspenders. 

• 

The  Visking  Corp.,  manufacturers  of  cellulose  sati-a^e 
casings,  has  purchased  the  equipment  of  Pierce  Plastics 
Co.,  Bay  City,  Mich.,  and  has  acquired  a  license  for  the 
extrusion  of  Saran  monofilaments  from  Dow  Chemical  Co. 
The  monofilaments  will  be  sold  as  Pcnitalon  for  use  in 
upholstery,  draperies,  window  screens  and  luggage  covering. 

• 

The  New  England  Synthetic  Fibre  Foundation  has  been 
established  by  the  Providence,  (R.  I.)  National  Bank  for 
the  purpose  of  raising  funds  from  the  textile  industry  for 
promoting  study,  research  and  training  at  educational  insti- 
tutions in  synthetic  fibres  and  blends. 

• 

Hercules  Powder  Co.  has  purchased  a  twin-engined 
Beechcraft  monoplane  for  its  executives  traveling  on  war 
work.  The  aircraft  carries  5  passengers,  pilot  and  co-pilot, 
cruises  at  210  mph,  has  a  1100-mile  range. 


88 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Nevr 


. . .  Complete  Data  on 
Materials  &  Sources 


Published  in  March 
12  Months  Active  Life 


A  Basic  Source  Book  On: 

—  Raw  Materials 

—  Machinery  and 
Tool  Manufacturers 

—  Plastic  Products 

The  Entire  Plastics  Field 
Within  Two  Covers 


The  March,  1945,  issue  of  PLASTICS  is  the  Annual  Plastics  Directory, 
the  most  complete  book  of  its  kind  in  the  field  ...  a  "special  issue" 
in  the  most  constructive  sense  ...  an  extra  value  to  advertisers  at  no 
added  cost. 

Mailed  to  the  regular  subscribers  of  PLASTICS,  this  valuable  refer- 
ence will  reach: 

*3100  key  personnel  within  the  plastics  industry, 

*JO,015  top  executives  of  the  40  industries  who  are  actual  or  potential 
users  oj  plastics, 

*/052  engineers,  chemists,  designers,  architects,. inventors,  etc.,  the  men 
who  directly  influence  specifications  and  purchases. 

These  are  the  men  who  will  constantly  refer  to  the  PLASTICS 
Directory  during  its  12  months  active  life — who  will  keep  it  per- 
manently on  reference  shelves  for  its  information  that  goes  beyond 
the  listing  of  useful  data! 

For,  in  addition  to  its  useful  tables  and  data  on  plastics,  PLAS- 
TICS Annual  Directory  will  carry  •  symposium  by  the  engineers 
of  a  dozen  industries  on  the  past,  present  and  future  uses  for  plas- 
',,''.-.  tics  in  their  fields.  Additional  articles  will  present  export  condi- 
tions, such  as  possible  foreign  competition,  availability  of  man- 
power and  materials  in  these  fields,  with  special  emphasis  on  Latin 
American  markets. 

TO  THE  ADVERTISERS,  PLASTICS  ANNUAL  DIRECTORY 
represents  an  outstanding  opportunity  to  have  their  messages  read, 
re-read,  and  preserved  for  future  reference!  It's  a  "solid"  special 
issue — a  special  chance — at  MO  txtra  coitt 


JVM  \in 


PLASTICS 


89 


A  special  bend- 
ing jig  for  phe- 
nolic material  has 
been  devised  by 
Douglas  Aircraft 
Co.  plant  at  Okla- 
homa City.  The 
part  to  be  made 
is  first  cut  'from 
phenolic  sheet  to 
the  flat  pattern. 
Then  when  it  is 
heated  to  450°  F 
for  \Vi  min,  it  is 
formed  in  the  jig. 
which  locks  down 
for  1  min  required 
to  cool  the  part 
and  performs  the 
diliicult  job  of 
shaping  the  small 

tab  on  the  end  of  the  part  beneath  the  long  narrow  flange. 

One  person  operates  both  left  and  right  hand  jigs  alternately. 
The   tool   synchronizes    four   bending   operations   on    the 

parts,  so  that  all  coordinate  with  one  operation  of  the  tool, 

thus  putting  the  job  on  a  production  basis. 

• 

The  Plastiques  Laboratories,  Chicago  (new  department 
of  Photodenticator),  has  developed  new  applications  for  its 
process  of  preserving  personal  identification  records  by 
laminating  with  cellulose  acetate.  These  applications  in- 
clude photographs,  maps,  charts  and  legal  documents, 
which  can  be  made  suitable  for  mailing  overseas  and  f»r 
other  uses  involving  severe  wear  and  weathering.  The  ace- 
tate extending  around  the  photograph  forms  a  protective 
and  attractive  border,  eliminates  framing  and  glass. 


Ivorycraft  Co.,  Inc.,  molders  and  fabricators,  whicli  re- 
cently moved  to  Room  701,  Bank  of  Manhattan  Co.  Build- 
ing, Long  Island  City,  N.  Y.,  is  in  process  of  liquidation. 
The  firm  has  not  sold  its  name. 


New  England  Plastics  &  Chemical  Co.,  Inc.,  recently 
incorporated  with  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000,  will  be  located 
at  Norwich,  Conn. 

• 

An  all-plastics  1-oz  can  has  been  developed  for  the  Navy 
by  Celluplastic  Corp.,  Newark,  N.  J.,  to  provide  accurate 
dispensation  of  lubricating  oil.  It  has  a  removable  spout 
and  is  refillable.  The  can,  including  bottom  is  cast  in  one 
piece  of  thin-walled  cellulose  acetate,  while  the  shoulder, 
spout  and  cap  are  molded.  Only  pressure  on  the  side  of 
the  container  by  the  hand  causes  oil  to  drop.  Advantages 
include  transparency  (so  that  the  color  and  level  of  the  oil 
can  be  seen  by  the  mechanic)  and  unbreakability.  A  post- 
war model  holds  2-oz,  is  non-refillable,  and  has  a  1-piece 
shoulder  and  spout.  The  orifice  is  about  0.040"  in  diameter. 

• 

A  plastics  baby  buggy  is  in  process  of  design  by  Barnes 
&  Reinecke,  Chicago,  featuring  a  molded  Plcxiylas  hood, 
bottom  and  framework  of  aluminum,  and  vinyl-coated 
fabric  for  the  sides.  The  top  of  the  aluminum  handle  will 
be  of  a  plastics  material  because  of  its  pleasant  touch  and 
opportunity  for  color. 

The  hood  will  filter  out  harmful  rays  of  the  sun  and  yet 
permit  the  baby  to  be  seen,  while  the  vinyl-coated  fabric 
sides  will  be  easily  replaceable.  The  design  and  materials 
used  will  have  the  effect  of  lowering  the  center  of  gravity, 
thus  adding  to  the  safety  of  the  buggy.  Wheels  will  be 
retractable  and  individually  sprung,  a  secret  curb-climbing 
feature  will  be  incorporated,  and  the  entire  unit  will  be  made 
easily  steerable. 


^•^fe 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


BOUGHT— SOLD 
or  RECLAIMED  for  YOU! 

A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
facilities  for  reworking  your  scrap. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE  — CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 


A    Dependable   Source   of  Supply   for  re-worked   Cellulose  Acetate 
and  Cellulose  Butyrate  molding  powders 

GERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENH.WORTH,  N.  J. 
90  PLASTICS 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 
JANUARY  1945 


new  /'<"/• 

PLASTICS 
PROGRESS 


New  and  Revolutionary 
Process  Molds  Plastics  30  to  50%  Faster 


In  opening  up  far  broader  possibilities  for  producing  plastic 
parrs,  a  greatly  advanced  molding  method  has  been  born.  By 
attaining  a  much  higher  production  rate  than  ever  believed 
possible,  this  amaiing  process  brings  definite  advantages  to 
any  user  of  molded  plastics:  prompter  service,  faster  produc- 
tion .  .  .  lower  product  cost  through  savings  in  press  operat- 
ing time  .  .  .  substantially  reduced  tooling  cost  on  small  runs 
by  producing  rapidly  with  materially  smaller  molds. 

Now  tried,  tested  and  proven  in  mass  production  of  diversi- 
fied war  products,  this  completely  new  design  in  semi-auto- 
matic molding  presses  is  the  gratifying  result  of  long  years  in 
painstaking  research  and  experimental  development.  Designed, 
engineered  and  built  solely  by  Mayfair's  technical  experts, 


these  lightning  fast  presses  are  completely  different  from  any 
conventional  method  used. 

Incorporated  in  Mayfair's  complete,  advanced  molding  plant 
are  extensive  tool  and  diemaking  facilities  to  create  the  most 
exacting  mold  .  .  .  plus  engineering  ability  and  finishing 
equipment  to  handle  every  stage  in  the  production  of  your 
product. 

And  to  bring  this  service  closer  to  you  Mayfair's  techni- 
cal and  creative  staff  includes  capable  service  engineers, 
available  to  competently  discuss  production  of  any  plastic 
product  ...  at  your  convenience  ...  at  your  place  of 
busniess. 


MOLDED   PRODUCTS 


4440      ELSTON      AVENUE 


CHICAGO      30,      ILLINOIS 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


91 


S.  Sidney  Ullman,  senior  business  analyst,  machinery 
branch,  OPA,  in  charge  of  plastics,  has  resigned  his  post  to 
resume  accounting  and  law  practice  in  New  York  City,  but 
will  remain  part-time  consultant  to  the  OPA  until  he'  can 
be  fully  replaced. 

• 

E.  V.  Crane  has  resigned  his  post  as  chief  of  development 
engineer  at  the  Brooklyn  plant  of  the  E.  W.  Bliss  Co.  after 
24  years  to  begin  research  in  press-worked  materials. 

• 

Elmer  E.  Mills,  president  of  the  Elmer  E.  Mills  Corp., 
Chicago,  was  re-elected  to  his  third  term  as  president  of  the 
Chicago  chapter,  SPI,  at  the  November  meeting  of  the 
organization  held  at  the  Edgewater  Beach  Hotel.  Everett 
Anderson,  president  of  Globe  Tool  and  Molded  Products  • 
Co.,  Rockford,  was  chosen  vice-president  and  C.  R.  Olsen, 
sales  representative  of  Makalot  Corp.,  Rockford,  was  named 
secretary-treasurer. 

• 

B.  R.  Armour,  president  of  Heyden  Chemical  Corp.,  an- 
nounces the  election  of  George  B.  Schwab  as  treasurer'  and 
director  of  the  corporation.  For  the  past  7  years  Mr. 
Schwab  has  served  as  treasurer  and  director  of  The 
Aspinook  Corporation  in  Jewett  City,  Connecticut,  dyers 
and  finishers  of  textiles. 

• 

Morris  Louis  Ullman  has  resigned  as  chief  of  Industrial 
Section,  Los  Angeles  district,  Office  of  Price  Administra- 
tion. Previously  a  plastics  specialist  of  the  OPA  in  Wash- 


ington, lie  is  now  opening  olhccs  for  consultation  on  gov- 
ernment regulations  in  Los  Angeles. 

Hans  Peter  Nelson,  formerly  chief  designer  for  the  West- 
clox  Co.,  Peru,  III.,  has  joined  the  staff  of  Product  De- 
signers, formed  recently  by  Joseph  Palma,  Jr.,  and  W.  C. 
Nichols.  The  firm  is  a  division  of  The  Johnson  Fare  Box 
Co.,  but  also  serves  outside  clients. 

J.  E.  Wolfe,  general  manager  of  the  Molded  Plastics 
Division  of  Continental  Can  Co.,  Cambridge,  O.,  announces 
the  appointment  of  E.  R.  Brodoon  as  plant  manager.  Mr. 
Brodoon  was  formerly  assistant  works  manager  of  Bal- 
crank,  Inc.,  Cincinnati.  Other  appointments  include  V.  E. 
Robbins,  general  accountant;  K.  W.  Bromley,  chief  engi- 
neer; and  W.  E.  Crowther,  personnel  manager. 


H.  P.  Nelson 


S.  S.  Ullman 


Elmer  E.  Mills 


George  F.  Waite  lias  joined  the  Standard  Molding  Corp., 
Dayton,  O.,  leaving  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.  in  Dayton, 
where  he  has  been  handling  business  dealings  with  the 
Army  Air  Forces. 

• 

Robert  P.  Kenney,  chief  of  the  vinyl  resins  unit  of  the 
chemicals  bureau,  WPB,  has  been  named  manager  of  inter- 
national service  of  the  Chemical  Division,  The  B.  F.  Good- 
rich Co.,  with  headquarters  in  Cleveland. 


/  lot  ^o  oUumb 


—  ^rn  C-JJaw    (Jri  ^rt 

-4  Ptadtc    Wo/J 


After  all,  Dobbin  is  getting  some  relief  from  the  heat. 
He  may  even  have  a  wet  sponge  in  the  hat.  But  the  idea 
is  PROTECTION.  Maybe  it's  a  lesson  which  those  ven- 
turing into  the  Plastic  field  could  take  to  heart.  After 
all,  Plastics  do  have  their  limitations.  You  need  the 
advice  of  a  skilled  and  experienced  molder  to  give  you 
PROTECTION  from  wasteful  and  costly  experimenting. 
We  know  this  business  from  the  ground  up.  This  is  the 
beginning  of  our  26th  year.  Need  we  say  more? 


KUHD  &  JflCOB  mOLDind  &  TOOL  CO 


1200  SOUTHARD  STREET,  TRENTON  8,  N.  J.  <i 

UUPHONF  TRENTON  9391  C/ 

Sale*   K,  ,„,  ..,:i:,,,,..      NEW  YORK —  S.  C.  Ullman.  55  W.  42nd  St.  PHILADELPHIA — I  •,-!.    &  Son  Company,  18  W.  Chrllen  Ave.  Bldg. 

NEW  ENGLAND— Wm.  T.  Wyl«r,  2O4  Lordship  Road,  Stratford,  Conn. 


92 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Decide  AT  THIS  POINT  to  use  TAYLOR  FIBRE 


WHETHER  YOUR  POST-WAR  PRODUCT  will  be  in  the  field  of  electronics  or 
aviation,  automotive  or  home  appliance,  or  any  field  in  which  light 
weight,  ease  of  machineability,  high  insulating  qualities  or  structural 
strength  are  important,  decide  now  —  in  the  blueprint  stage  —  to  give 
thorough  consideration  to  the  advantages  of  using  Taylor  Laminated 
Plastics.  New,  war-born  developments  in  Phenol  Fibre  and  Vulcanized 
Fibre  may  change  your  whole  conception  about  the  possible  applica- 
tions of  Laminated  Plastics.  Our  engineering  department  is  ready 
to  consult  with  you  on  this  subject,  without  obligation,  either  in  our 
plant  or  yours.  Start  the  ball  rolling,  by  writing  us  today. 


LAMINATED   PLASTICS:  PHENOL  FIBRE  •  VULCANIZED  FIBRE  •  Sheets,  Rods,  Tubes,  and  Fabricated  Parts 

NORR1STOWN,  PENNSYLVANIA  .  OFFICES  IN  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  .  PACIFIC  COAST  HEADQUARTERS:  544  S.  SAN  PEDRO  ST..  LOS  ANGELES 


mi  un   I(M.-> 


PLASTK-  « 


The  CMPC  Development  Engineer 


THE  MAN  who  calls  on  you,  in  response  to  your  request,  is  not  just  a 
salesman  .  .  .  he's  a  CMPC  Development  Engineer.  And  .  .  .  he's 
not  a  one-man  show.  He's  one  of  a  group  of  specialists  in  molded 
plastics  .  .  .  designers,  engineers,  laboratory  technicians,  production 
experts  .  .  .  men  who  have  had  years  of  experience  in  this  important 
business  of  plastics  molding. 

Through  him  your  problems  become  the  problems  of  this  entire 
group  and  are  given  thorough  study  and  analysis  from  every  angle  .  .  . 
materials,  design,  molding,  molding  methods,  and  finishing.  And  the 
final  recommendations  of  these  experts  are  wholly  unbiased,  for  CMPC 
molds  all  plastic  materials  and  all  three  commercially  important 
methods  of  molding  are  available  .  .  .  compression,  injection,  and 
transfer.  Your  final  cost  estimates  will  be  based  on  the  material  and 
method  that  will  insure  your  utmost  satisfaction  together  with  maxi- 
mum efficiency  and  economy  in  production. 

If  you're  thinking  in  terms  of  molded  plastics  for  your  postwar 
products,  you'll  find  it  extremely  advantageous  to  call  in  a  CMPC 
I  )cM>lopment  Engineer  during  the  early  stages  of  your  planning.  And 
remember,  he's  backed  by  the  largest,  best  equipped  custom  molding 
plant  in  the  Middle  West. 

CHICAGO 
MOLDED 

PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


,,,*«• 


1031  N.KolmarAve.  <      />  Chicago  51,  Illinois 


COMPRESSION,       INJECTION,       AND       TRANSFER        MOLDING        OF        ALL        PLASTIC        MATERIALS 


94 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


W  H  AT'S 


PLASTICS 


Electronic  Check  on  Liquid  Mixtures 

Pholoswilch,  Inc. 
Cambridge.  Mass. 
An  electronic  concen- 
trate control    for  de- 
tecting   and    control- 
ling,   through    opera- 
tion of  signals,  valves 
or  pumps,  changes  in 
liquid    concentrations. 
Unit  gives  precise  con- 
trol where  changes  in 
concentration   are  ac- 
companied  by   a   corresponding   change  in   electrical    conduc- 
livity. 

Installation  requires  only  that  a  probe  fitting  be  mounted 
on  the  tank,  with  probe  extending  into  the  liquid.  This  probe 
is  wired  to  the  electronic  control  which  may  be  located  wher- 
ever desired.  An  adjustment  on  the  control  housing  is  set  so 
that  the  control  relay  will  operate  when  liquid  of  a  predeter- 
mined electrical  resistance  contacts  the  probe.  While  the 
probe  is  immersed  in  liquid  of  any  other  resistance,  the  con- 
trol remains  inoperative,  but  when  a  change  in  concentration 
alters  the  conductivity  of  the  liquid  to  the  necessary  degree, 
the  electronic  control  relay  is  energized  to  operate  signals, 
valves  or  pumps (143) 


One-Coal  Vinyl  Process 

General  Printing  Ink  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Permits  application  of  only  one  coating  of  vinyl  resins  on 
cottons,  nylon,  rayon  and  Fiberglas,  thus  reducing  costs  con- 
siderably. Thickness  of  the  one  coat  is  equivalent  to  the  8-10 
coats  formerly  necessary- 

Also  announced  is  the  elimination  of  expensive  solvents 
through  development  of  a  suspension  of  vinyl  resin  which 
permits  application  with  non-solvents.  The  suspension  has 
a  high  solids  content,  which  is  the  basis  of  the  one-coat 
technique. 

Applications  for  vinyl-coated  materials  include  drapery 
and  upholstery  in  restaurants  and  public  buildings,  baby 
carriage  tops,  and  table  covers,  where  non-flammability,  mil- 
dew-resistance and  wear  and  tear  resistance  are  para- 
mount  (144) 


Durable  Glue  Sets  at  Room  Temperature 

I.  F.  Laucks,  Inc. 
Seattle,  Wash. 

N'cw  Lauxite  PF90-C  resin  glue,  offering  boilproof  and 
waterproof  properties,  yet  capable  of  setting  at  room  tempera- 
tures of  70"  in  the  prefabrication,  veneering,  assembly  gluing 
and  laminating  of  softwoods.  Higher  temperatures  (110-140* 
F)  are  needed  for  hardwoods.  Stronger  than  wood  by  test, 


To  simplify  for  our  readers  the  task  of  obtaining  de- 
tailed information  regarding  the  new  products,  proc- 
esses and  trade  literature  described  herein,  PLASTICS 
offers  the  prepaid  postcard  inserted  here. 

In  rapidly-moving  times  such  as  these,  keeping  up 
with  every  latest  development  in  one's  field  is  a  "must." 
War's  insatiable  demand  for  swifter  production,  and 
the  competitive  drive  toward  lower  manufacturing 
costs  require  that  all  avenues  leading  to  a  solution  of 
these  problems  be  explored  thoroughly. 

Each  item  in  this  section  is  keyed  with  a  number, 
which  should  be  entered  on  the  postcard  to  facilitate 
identifying  the  exact  product,  process  or  publication 
about  which  information  is  desired. 


it  withstands  extended  soaking  in  salt  and  fresh  water,  has 
a  long  storage  life,  meets  Specification  No.  14124  of  the  Army 
Air  Forces  and  52G12  of  the  Bureau  of  Ships.  Pressure  of 
about  ISO  psi  is  adequate  for  softwoods,  200  psi  for  hardwoods. 
Required  clamping  time  on  3-ply  -ft"  birch  veneer  ranges 
from  16  hr  where  the  glue  line  temperature  is  70"  F  to  IS  min 
at  140"  F.  Full  strength  is  developed  in  6  days  at  70°  F.  . .  (145) 


New  Insulating  Synthetic 

Union  Bay  State  Chemical  Co. 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Known  as  chlorinated  isopol,  it  is  available  in  metal  primer 
formulations  and  in  powder  form,  and  is  practically  identical 
with  chlorinated  rubber  in  flame  resistance,  moisture  resistance, 
chemical  resistance,  solubility,  stability  and  compatibility  with 
plasticizers. 

It  may  be  used  as  a  primer  for  rubber-to-metal  adhesion; 
ingredient  in  adhesives,  paints,  lacquers,  inks,  etc. ;  an  acid  and 
alkali-resistant  coating  for  metal,  concrete  and  other  surfaces ; 
fire-proofing  and/or  moisture-proofing  fabrics  and  other  ma- 
terials; sound  and  heat  insulation;  and  as  a  plastics  wherever 
inertness  to  chemicals  and  fire-proofness  are  of  impor- 
tance  (146) 


New  Plastics  Coalers 

Younqstown  Miller  Co. 
Sandusky,  O. 

Plastics  coating  machines  designed  to  properly  melt  ethyl 
cellulose  compound  and  other  coatings  used  for  protecting  parts 
and  tools  being  stored  or  shipped  overseas.  The  same  equip- 


ment is  also  used  for  melting  low  temperature  plastics  used 
for  permanent  coatings. 

Twenty-two  different  models  with  a  wide  range  of  dipping 
compartment  sizes  and  melting  capacity  arc  available. 

The  heat  is  supplied  by  Chromalox  electric  strip  heaters 
applied  externally  to  the  double  bottom  of  the  main  tank  and 
carried  to  the  plastics  by  heat  transfer  oil,  circulating  first 
over  the  electrically-heated  surface  in  the  larger  models  (30, 
40,  50  and  60),  then  through  rectangular  tanks  of  very  thin 
section  called  "heat  pads,"  which  are  piped  in  parallel  with 
each  other  (see  drawing).  The  heat  pads  are  not  necessary 
on  the  smaller  models  (3,  5,  10  and  IS)  thus  eliminating  the 
necessity  of  an  oil  pump (147) 

Resin  Lifts  Size  Restrictions 

Monsanto  Chemical  Co. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

A  new  synthetic  resin,  which,  when  properly  combined  with 
low-pressure  lamination,  is  said  to  all  but  eliminate  size  as  a 
restrictive  factor  in  plastics  products. 

In  effect,  this  means  an  entirely  new  field  has  been  opened 
to  the  plastics  fabricator,  whose  mass  production  output  is  now 
very  largely  limited  to  small  items  such  as  table  radio  cabinets, 
telephone  cases,  instrument  housings,  tablewear,  compacts  and 
kindred  small  items. 


JANUARY    I'M 5 


PLASTICS 


95 


To  produce  even  these  through  existing  compression  or 
injection  molding  methods,  fabricators  must  employ  large  and 
costly  machines  whose  size  and  weight  progress  in  geometric 
ratio  to  the  size  of  the  plastics  object  being  manufactured. 
Molded  items  larger  than  36"  across,  other  than  flat  sheets 
or  panels,  are  today  virtually  unknown. 

To  produce  a  plastic  bathtub  from  the  new  resin,  for  illus- 
tration, the  post-war  fabricator  will  first  make  a  textile  coat 
to  fit  either  the  outer  or  inner  dimensions  of  the  mold,  which 
in  this  instance  might  be  a  conventional  bathtub.  The  textile 
coat  would  then  be  impregnated  with  the  resin,  slipped  on  or 
into  the  mold,  and  baked  for  about  10  min  after  the  center 
of  the  laminate  reaches  the  temperature  of  boiling  water. 

Other  prospective  uses  already  listed  include  curved  wall 
panels,  trailer  bodies,  specialty  fenders,  boats,  toy  waff<>n< 
and  bobsleds,  curved  furniture,  machine  housings,  reusable 
crates  and  drums,  vermin-proof  chests  and  vaults,  airplane 
sub-assemblies  and  full  sized  radio  and  television  ral>i- 
ncts (148) 


All-purpose  Disc  Grinder 

Kindt-Collins  Co. 
Cleveland,  O. 


Abrasive  Strip  for  Finishing 

Minnesota  Mining  and  Mfg.  Co. 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Spiral-wound,  cloth- 
reinforced  abrasive 
strip  that  expedites 
finishing  of  small 
holes  in  those  hard- 
to-get-at  areas.  The 
center  is  reinforced 
so  that  one  can  bend 
it  over  (see  illustra- 
tion), then  reach 
down  through  the  cen- 
ter and  thread  it  through  a  hole  or  opening  that  has  been 
causing  a  finishing  problem.  It  is  available  in  a  wide  range 
of  grits,  in  diameters  of  rV  to  1A"  and  4-12"  lengths (149) 


Designed  for  any 
type  of  metal,  wood 
or  plastics  material, 
the  grinder  is  made 
in  two  similar  models, 
regular  and  heavy- 
duty,  the  regular 
model  using  cloth  or 
paper  abrasive  discs, 
and  the  heavy-duty 
model  employing  an 
inch-thick  heavy- 
duty  grinding  disc. 

Principal  features 
of  design  and  con- 
struction are  (1)  the 
30"  disc  with  26" 
high  grinding  area; 

(2)  hydraulic  controls  which  eliminate  all  gears,  worms  and 
jack  screws  ordinarily  employed  for  raising,  lowering  and 
tilting  the  table;  (3)  an  accurate  position  stop  provided 
on  protractor  for  stopping  table  in  any  position  from  45°  down 
to  15°  up;  (4)  ventilated  table  with  properly  placed  perfora- 
tions to  channel  dust  into  highly  efficient  dust  guards;  and 
(5)  paper  or  cloth  discs  may  be  removed  and  replaced  without 
removing  the  steel  disc. 
I  >i.sc  speed  is  800  rpm,  giving  a  6260  fpm  rim  speed. . . .  (150) 


Protective  Aprons 

B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

Lightweight  laboratory  and  industrial  aprons  made  with 
high  grade  cotton  fabric  and  a  vinyl  resin  coating,  which 
makes  them  waterproof  and  acid,  alkali  and  oil  resis- 
tant   (151) 


COMPLETE 


SERVICE 


THE  deaire  to  improve  your  present  product  or  to  advance  a  new  one,   is   always    prevalent   in   any    progressive  organization.     DSCO  is 
backed  up  with  an  impressire  record  of  planning,  proc*ssing  and    engineering   successfully   for  the   metal-plastic  Industry.     Not  only  is 
DSCO  equipped  to  create  a  wide  rang*  of  products  in  an  efficient  and  economical  way — its  designers  and  engineer!  or*  among  the  most 
•killed   in   the   metal-plastic  field.     No   matter   what  your   problem   may   be — com*    to  DSCO,   you'll   find  a  progreisiTe,   alert  organization 
equipped  to  render  practical,  sound  advice  and  assistance. 


•  PRODUCT    ENGINEERING 

Engineering  layouts,  engineering  drawings,  production  drawings 
and  tracings  prepared  to  suit  your  production  needs. 

•  PRODUCT    DESIGN 

Creating  illustratively  or  through  the  medium  oi  models,  incorpo- 
rating suggestive  applications  oi  new  materials  available  to  suit 
the  technical  or  physical  nature  of  your  product. 

•  TOOL    DESIGNING 

Processing,  machine  tools,  jigs,  fixtures,  gauges  and  all  necessary 
appliances  needed  to  accurately  produce  your  product. 

•  MACHINE    DESIGNING 

Light,  heavy,  automatic  and  special  machinery  to  suit  your  par- 
ticular requirements. 


•  TEST    EQUIPMENT 

Designing  special  mechanical,  electrical  or  radio  equipment  to  suit 
your  specifications. 

•  PRODUCTION     ILLUSTRATING 

Physical  diagrams,  isometric  and  perspective  pen  and  ink  illustra- 
tions on  tracing  cloth  or  equivalent  for  prints  used  in  production. 

•  TECHNICAL    ILLUSTRATING 

Perspective  pen  and  ink  illustrations,  wash  drawings  and  retouched 
photos  for  technical  manuals,  maintenance  books,  instruction  sheets 
and  other  technical  material  necessary  in  your  business. 

•  IF    YOU    ARE    INTERESTED    IN   THE    COMPLETE   SERVICE    OR   ANY 
PART  THEREOF,  DO  NOT  FEEL  OBLIGATED  TO  CALL  ON  US.    WE  WILL 
BE  GLAD  TO  SEND  OUR  REPRESENTATIVE  TO  DISCUSS  WITH  YOU  THE 
PARTICULARS  REGARDING  THIS  SERVICE  AND  YOUR  PROBLEM. 


SERVICE  Co 


3    WILLIAM    STREET 


IEET  NEWARK    2,     N.     J. 

MARKET   2-4310 


NEW  YORK  DIVISION 
12O   LIBERTY  STREET  NEW  YORK   6. 

BEEKMAN     3-STII 


COMPLtTE  DESIGN  SERVICE 


96 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Planned  Perfection 


The  quality,  utility  or  performance  of  the  finished 
part  is  no  better  than  the  basic  raw  materials. 
As  a  master  chef  selects  his  ingredients,  so  we 
inspect  mechanically,  electrically  or  chemically 
all  incoming  material  to  be  sure  it  is  to  the 
required  specifications.  In  an  electrical  metal 
plastic  assembly,  for  example  a  contact  strip, 
the  metal  must  be  of  a  proper  temper,  size  and 
finish  and  the  insulating  plastic  be  of  the  right 
grade  and  have  the  required  dielectric  proper 

N.    5 


ties  so  that  when  the  parts  are  fabricated, 
assembled  and  shipped,  you  will  receive  a  part 
that  will  do  the  job  intended.  All  these  extra 
special  precautions  taken  by  Cinch  are  a  part 
of  our  planned  perfection. 


CINCH 


MANUFACTURING 
CORPORATION 

2335  West  Van  Buren  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 

SC/B$(OI4»y  Of  UNITED-CARR   FASTENER   CORP..  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS. 


"MEET  MElol  Plott 


JANUARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


97 


Resin,  Glue  Spreader 

Charles  E.  Francis  Co. 
Hushville,  Indiana 

A  single  -  roll 
spreader  for  ap- 
plying glue  to 
the  edges  of 
lumber  and 
boxes,  which  has 
the  ability  to 
spread  fast-set- 
ting resin  glues 
economically  and 
eliminate  dead 
spots.  It  is  de- 
signed chiefly  for 
plywood  produc- 
tion, but  may  also 
be  varied  for  use 
with  a  variety  of 
liquids  and  semi- 
liquids. 

The  device  has 
easily-  removable 
seal  plates  to  prevent  glue  from  running  out.  It  is  motorized 
with  a  J4  hp,  110  v  or  single-phase  motor  with  gearing  to 
give  a  roll  speed  of  38  rpm  (55  lineal  fpm) (152) 


Fend-F,  a  water-soluble,  heavy-duty  lotion  which  forms  an 
effective  barrier  against  Fiberglas,  sharp  particles  and  chlori- 
nated solvents. 

Fend-PC,  which  helps  reduce  nervous  perspiration  where 
this  is  the  cause  of  skin  irritation — thus  helping  to  prevent 
rusting  of  polished  metal  surfaces  from  perspiration.  ...(153) 


Cleans,  Polishes  Acrylics 

Aircraft  Specialties  Co. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Packaging-in-bulk  of  ASCO  Plastic-Glass  cleaner,  and  sale 
at  a  low  bulk  price  is  announced  by  the  company.  The 
cleaner  is  widely  used  for  cleaning  and  polishing  of  cano- 
pies, blisters,  bomber  noses  and  aircraft  windows.  Plastics 
insert  sprayers,  for  easy  application  of  ASCO  cleaner,  can 
be  supplied ( 154) 


Specialized  Hand  Creams 

Mine  Safety  Appliances  Co. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

The  company  announces  these  additions  to  its  line  of  pro- 
tective lotions  for  chemical  industry  workers: 

Fend-U,  a  lotion  which  forms  a  semi-water  repelling  bar- 
rier on  the  worker's  skin  against  all  types  of  cutting  and  oils 
and  cooling  compounds,  kerosene,  carbon  tetrachloride, 
tetrachlorethylene,  benzol,  other  solvents  and  degreasers, 
mild  acid  and  mild  alkaline  solutions,  alcohols,  and  acetates. 


Arc-Resistant  Plastic  for  Insulation 

Formica  Insulation  Co. 
Cincinnati,  O. 

A  glass-base  plastic  made  in  sheets,  known  technically  as 
GMG-17-P-5,  made  from  a  fine  weave,  continuous  filament 
fiberglass  fabric  with  melamine  thermosetting  resin  which  is 
more  resistant  to  flame  and  to  arcing  than  resins  ordinarily  used 
in  standard  grades  of  laminated  material. 

The  material  available  now  in  sheets,  tubes  and  rods  is  spe- 
cially designed  for  electrical  applications  which  require  a  high 
order  of  flame  and  fire  resistance,  together  with  a  high  arc  re- 
sistance and  high  mechanical  strength (155) 


Rapid  Wire  Coating  with  New  Nylon 

E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  &  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

Permits  coating  of  electrical  wire  at  more  than  100  fpm. 
The  material  can  be  extruded  in  standard  equipment  at  tem- 
peratures attainable  by  present  commercial  wire  coating 
processes (156) 


pays 


A  New  Low-Cost  DURO  Quality 
SHAPER,    CARVER,    ROUTER 

This  new  three-in-one  Router,  Carver  and  Shaper  has  proven  a  boon  to  metal- 
working  shops.  It  is  ideal  for  routing  non-ferrous  metals  and  many  other  operations. 
Can  be  set  up  for  time-saving  duplicate  routing  and  veining. 

Combines  high  speed  (20,000  R.P.M.)  power  (1200  watts  at  the  spindle)  and  solid, 
heavy  construction  that  gives  smooth,  vibrationless  cutting.  Is  extremely  flexible — 
can  be  transformed  quickly  into  a  Shaper.  Standard  equipment  handles  V4",  5/16" 
and  %"  bits  for  routing — 5/16"  and  V4"  shaper  cutters.  Has  many  special  features 
including:  Specially  designed  G.  E.  Universal  Motors,  New  Departure  Precision  ball 
bearings,  precision  machining  throughout:  Table  can  be  instantly  adjusted  to  any 
height  without  holding  foot  pedal.  Chuck  is  part  of  spindle  and  holds  adaptor  and 
cutter  extremely  close  to  work  thus  preventing  whip.  Many  other  exclusive  features. 
Unusually  low-priced. 

Send  for  DURO  CATALOG 


DURO  METAL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 
2652  N.  Kildare  Ave.,  Chicago/  III. 

Gentlemen  :     Please   send    me    FREE    copy    ol 
DURO   Catalog   giving   full  specifications  on   new 
Shaper-Carver-  Router  and  other   DURO    Machine 

latest 

DURO 
Tools.    |J 

1 

Address                          

City  •  Ztne  ft  State. 



A  Giving 

•  —  —  —  —  on      the 
Router     c 
Machines 


full  specifications  and  prices 
DTJRO  Shaper  —  Carver  — 
and  other  DURO  Quality 
including  Drill  Presses,  Cir- 
cular Saws,  Band  Saws,  Flexible 
Shafts,  Lathes,  Sanderm  and  Electric 
DrttU. 


DURO 


MACHINE   TOOL   DIVISION 


H  ALSO  MAK  ERS  OF 


HAND   TOOLS 


98 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1915 


Literature  Review 


Mandrels  for  Plastic  Tubes 

Precision  Pap«r  Tube  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

I  Contains  a   listing  of  approximately  750  mandrels   in   wide 
of  sizes,  small  to  large,  for  the  forming  of  round,  square, 

and  rectangular  dielectric  paper  tubes  as  coil  bases. 
This  extended  list  of  mandrels  ready  for  immediate  use,  pro- 
tor  practically  all  sizes  and  shapes,  any  length,  any  ID 

or  OD,  of   tubes   made  to  specifications,  of   dielectric  kraft, 
.iper,  cellulose  acetate,  or  combinations.    The  company's 

process  includes  spiral  winding  and  heavy  heat-treated  com- 
•  iii    for   greatest    strength;    space   saving;    closest    sizing 

to  dimensions  (tolerances  to  0.002")  ;  freedom  from  moisture, 

and  higher  insulation  and  other  factors (157) 


Air-Operaied   Controllers 

The  Bristol  Co. 
Waterbury,  Conn. 

Bulletin  No.  A115  describing  a  new  line  of  air-operated 
controllers,  known  as  the  Model  93  series.  Detailed  informa- 
tion is  given  about  the  instruments  for  the  control  of  tempera- 
ture, pressure,  vacuum,  liquid  level,  humidity  and  flow...  (158) 


Sound-Color  Film  on  Cellulosics 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

"Careers  for  Cellulose,"  a  16-mm  all-color  sound  film,  traces 
the  story  of  cellulose  from  the  cotton  fields  of  the  South, 
through  the  Hercules  chemical  plants  where  cotton  (inters  are 
transformed  into  cellulose  derivatives,  to  testing  laboratories 
and  finally  to  manufacturing  plants  where  end  products  are 
made. 

Technical  details  showing  the  manufacturing  of  cellulose, 
cellulose  acetate,  nitrocellulose,  and  ethyl  cellulose,  bases  for 
plastics,  lacquers,  film,  rayon,  and  many  other  articles,  were 
filmed  in  Hercules  chemical  plants  at  Hopewell,  Va  and 
Parlin,  N.  J. 

The  firm's  experiment  station  in  Wilmington  is  the  locale 
for  other  parts  of  the  film  that  show  research  chemists  testing 
the  many  compounds  and  how  new  fields  for  cellulose  are  con- 
stantly being  opened. 

Prints  of  the  film,  which  run  for  approximately  40  min,  are 
available  without  cost  for  exhibition.  The  exhibitor,  however, 
must  provide  the  projector  and  operator (159) 


"Kron  '  Scales  in  Materials  Handling 

Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A  catalog  citing  the  benefits  and  saving's  to  be  found  in 
using  Kron  scales  as  an  integral  part  of  a  materials  handling 
program. 

The  Kron  line  ranges  from  dormant  to  portable  platform 
types  of  special  counting,  batching,  tensile  strength  and  dyna- 
mometer models.  All  are  of  springless,  dial-type  construc- 
tion  (160) 

Non-Metallic  Basic  Materials 

Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Co. 
Newark.  Del. 

Bulletin  "(IF44"  contains  detailed  information  about  Vvlca- 
Mzed.  l-'ibre,  IHlecIo,  Dilectene,  Celoron,  Micabond  and  Vulcoid 
available  in  sheet,  roll,  tube  and  rod. 

Dielecto,  a  laminated  phenolic,  possesses  unusual  electrical 
insulating  and  mechanical  properties. 

Dielectene  is  a  pure,  synthetic  resin  which  contains  no  fabric 
or  wood  flour  materials.  Since  the  presence  of  fillers  is 
one  of  the  primary  causes  of  water  absorption  by  plastics, 


BETTER  LIGHTING . . 

•  The  United  States  Air  Forces  chose  AGA  plastic  lenses 
for  portable  lighting  sets  now  in  use  on  numerous  front- 
line landing  strips.  They  were  selected  for  optical  accuracy, 
greater  strength  with  reduced  bulk  and  weight,  simplified 
assembly  and  lower  cost  of  maintenance. 

Clear,  colorless  plastic  lenses,  a  wide  range  of  transparent 
colors  and  multi-colored  lenses  are  all  products  of  Stimson 
AGA  Plastics.  The  multi-colored  lenses  are  produced  by 
integrated  molding  of  two  or  more  segments  of  distinct 
colors. 

AGA  precision  molded  lenses  are  doing  their  war  job  well. 
Applications  will  be  even  wider  after  the  war.  For  signal 
lighting  in  marine,  aircraft,  automotive,  bus  and  truck 
industries,  such  plastic  lenses  will  be  important  engineer- 
ing factors  in  providing  compact  illumination  units  with 
small  bulbs,  light  weight  housings  and  low  power  con- 
sumption. 

The  execution  of  precise  optical  design  in  mold  building 
is  the  first  step.  Selection  of  the  right  material  it  the 
second  step.  Machine  control  of  mold  and  material  under 
exacting  pressure,  temperature  and  timing  conditions  will 
then  accomplish  the  objective  of  faithful  design  repro- 
duction in  the  plastic  lens.  Stimson  AGA  Plastics  accepts 
all  these  obligations  in  the  fulfillment  of  your  contract. 

We  invite  your  inquiry. 


STI  M  SON^  G  TAPLASTICS 

319   N.  Justine  Chicago  7,  III. 

PRODUCERS  OF  ~  Sti*t49«ctt  'REFLECTORS 


JANUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


99 


CURTIS 

AIR  CYLINDERS 

Enoineeredto  Your  Problem 


unique  car-dumping  mechanism   illus- 

trated  above  is  operated  by  a  Curtis  Air  Cylinder 
which  raises  and  lowers  the  car  body.  It  saves  time 
in  dumping,  is  easily  operated  by  one  man,  and 
speeds  up  material  handling  for  Universal-Atlas 
Cement  Company,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Engineered  to  the  individual  problem  in  a  variety 
of  applications,  whether  a  handling,  lifting,  push- 
ing, or  pulling  operation,  Curtis  Air  Cylinders  are 
stepping  up  production  and  cutting  costs  in  hun- 
dreds of  industries  today. 

Installation  cost  is  low  and  power  consumption 
small,  using  regular  shop  or  plant  air  lines.  Under 
continuous  service  and  heavy-duty  conditions, 
Curtis  Air  Cylinders  are  giving  unfailing  service 
—the  result  of  rugged  construction  and  simplicity 
of  design — only  one  moving  part. 

Exceptional  accuracy  of  control — no  risk  of 
injury  due  to  overloading  or  bad  atmospheric  con- 
ditions. Because  of  their  efficiency,  low  maintenance 
costs,  and  long,  trouble-free  life,  important  savings 
in  costs  and  in  man-hours  are  almost 
inevitable  wherever  Curtis  Air  Cylin- 
ders or  Air  Hoists  can  be  used. 

It  will  pay  you  to  write  for  full  details 
and  for  free  booklet, '  'How  Air  Is  Being 
Used  in  Your  Industry."  Write  today. 


CURTIS 


ST.  LOUIS  •  NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO  •  SAN  FRANCISCO  •  PORTLAND 
CURTIS  PNEUMATIC  MACHINERY  DIVISION 

of  Curb's  Manufacturing  Company 

1914  Kienlcn  Avenue,  St.  Louis  20,  Missouri 

Please  send  me  booklet,  "How  Air 
Is  Being  Used  in  Your  Industry." 


.VICTORY 
BUY 


Name  . 
Firm  . 


Street  

City 

100 


Zone State. 


their  absence  here  means  that  this  material  is  highly  resistant 
to  moisture  and  stable  electrically. 

Celeron  products  are  molded  from  a  phenolic  impregnated 
fabric  material.  Intricate  shapes  noted  for  its  mechanical, 
electrical  and  chemical  resistant  properties,  can  be  achieved. 
The  basic  form  of  micabond  is  in  plates,  or  sheets.  Vulcoid 
is  an  intermediate  insulation  material  comparable  to  fibre  in 
dielectric  strength  and  arc  resistance,  but  reported  to  be 
superior  in  resistance  to  moisture  and  dimensional  changes 
that  take  place  when  exposed  to  moisture (161) 


20  Years  of  Plastic  Surfacing 

Roxalin  Flexible  Finishes,  Inc. 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

An  artistically-presented  folder  covering  the  firm's  custom 
work  in  making  flexible  and  other  special  coatings  for  metal, 
fabric,  wood,  cables,  plastics  and  miscellaneous  materials.  Its 
coatings  also  offer  fast-drying,  corrosion-prevention,  weather 
resistant,  polishability,  chemical  resistant  and  non-peeling 
properties. 

Among  the  innumerable  uses  to  which  these  coatings  have 
been  put  are :  To  provide  a  finish  on  steel  tape  for  fiber  con- 
tainers which  can  be  roller-coated  and  can  withstand  reeling, 
long  storage,  slitting,  aging,  feeding  and  rough  handling  in 
shipment;  (2)  as  a  truck  part  finish  that  dries  fast  enough 
to  prevent  a  bottleneck  in  the  assembly  line;  (3)  as  a  curing 
enamel  on  nameplate  backgrounds,  chrome  trim,  door  handles, 
hub  caps  and  other  bright-metal  parts;  (4)  as  a  primer  for 
adhesion  to  clean  zinc,  cadmium  plate,  zinc  die  castings,  brass, 
stainless  steel,  copper  and  polished  chrome;  and  (S)  as  a 
tough,  abrasion-  and  corrosion-resistant  outer  skin  for 
rivets  (162) 


Products  of  Dow  Chemical  Co. 

Dow  Chemical  Co. 
Midland,  Mich. 

A  complete  listing  of  all  chemicals  and  other  materials  pro- 
duced by  the  firm,  plus  a  description  of  the  function  of  Dowell 
Incorporated,  Tulsa,  Okla.,  which  offers  complete  chemical 
services  to  the  petroleum  industry  and  to  operators  of  all 
types  of  heat  exchange  equipment.  Also  included  are  listings 
uf  products  offered  by  the  Cliffs  Dow  Chemical  Co.,  Marquette. 
Mich.,  and  the  Great  Western  Division,  San  Francisco. ..  (163) 


Cutting  Plastics  with  Circular  Saws 

Simonds  Saw  &  Steel  Co. 
Fitchburg,  Mass. 

A  valuable  handbook  for  the  fabricator  using  this  method  of 
shaping  plastics  stock. 

Types  of  circular  saws  covered  include  the  swing  or  radial 
and  chop  saw;  while  saw  blades  discussed  are  all  solid-tooth, 
of  the  tungsten  carbide-tipped,  high-speed  steel,  semi-high 
speed  steel,  special  alloy  steel,  and  Simonds  T-ll  steel  va- 
rieties. 

Detailed  specifications  are  given  as  to  diameter,  thickness, 
hole  sizes,  teeth,  collar  size,  clearance,  pitch  of  teeth,  stiffening 
collars,  tooth  spacing,  tooth  hook,  cutting  speeds,  projection 
of  saw  through  cut,  feed,  coolants,  guide  fences,  sawing 
tubing,  sharpening,  and  the  prevention  of  burning,  wobble, 
slicking,  chatter,  cracking,  chip-throwing  and  tooth-clogging. 
(See  table  below) (164) 

Recommended  Speeds  for  Circular  Sawing  of  Plastics* 

(rpm) 

Material  Classification 
Saw  Diameter  (In)  Hard  Medium  Soft 

6  .  ....1200-1800 1800-2400 2400-3600 

8  900-1200 1200-1800 1800-2500 

10  800-1  100 100-1500 1500-2000 

1 2 600-900 900- 1 200 1 200- 1 600 

14  500-700 700- 1 000 1 000- 1 400 

1 6  450-650- 600-900 900- 1 200 

1 8  400-550 550-700 700- 1 000 

20  350-500 500-650 650-950 

22  _ 325-450 450-600 600-900 

24  , 300-400 400-550 550-800 

*  From  "Cutting  Plastics  with  Circular  Saws"  by  Simonds  Saw  and  Steel  Co. 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Sf.  Louis  SPF  Meeting 

"Fabricating  Methods  for  laminated  Phenolics"  was  the 
title  of  a  talk  given  by  R.  M.  Lane  of  the  Spaulding  Fibre 
Co.  before  the  November  meeting  of  the  St.  Louis  SPE.  Data 
charts  now  available  in  this  field,  he  stated,  are  conservative 
and  specific  applications  can  be  improved  on,  using  the  charts 
as  a  starting  point.  The  materials,  he  said,  should  be  con- 
sidered resilient,  requiring  high  speed  but  low  heat  radiating 
qualities. 


Non-Structural  Paper  Laminate 

Pafrcg  is  the  name  given  to  a  new  paper  laminate 
announced  recently  by  E.  C.  O.  Erickson  and  George 
]'..  Mackin  of  the  U.  S.  Forest  Products  Laboratory, 
Madison,  \Yis.,  before  the  annual  meeting  of  the  ASME. 

Smoth,  hard-surfaced  and  "reasonably  decay-  and 
moisture-resistant,"  the  material  has  a  specific  gravity 
of  about  1.4  at  a  resin  content  of  about  35%  and  lends 
itself  to  low-pressure  molding  and  post-forming  to  mod- 
crate  double  curvature. 

Capable  of  being  produced  with  either  parallel  or 
cross-lamination,  Pafircg  has  lengthwise  tensile  and  flex- 
ural  strengths  of  36,000  psi  when  parallel-laminated,  and 
20,000  and  24,000  psi,  respectively,  in  the  crosswise  direc- 
tion. Strength  properties  of  Pafrcg  are  in  inverse  pro- 
portion to  temperature,  with  a  percent  change  over  the 
range  investigated  essentially  the  same  as  for  standard 
molding  compositions.  Encouraging  results  were  ob- 
tained in  molding  the  material  with  pressures  as  low  as 
50  psi.  Increased  humidity  causes  some  loss  in  strength 
and  stiffness,  as  well  as  increase  in  dimension;  however, 
even  with  a  10%  gain  in  moisture  at  97%  relative  humid- 
ity, Pafreg  is  extremely  stable  in  all  dimensions  except 
thickness. 


New  ASME  Officer 

Kurt  \V.  Jappe,  manager  of  detonator  operations,  Hercules 
Powder  Co.,  has  been  appointed  treasurer  of  the  American 
Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  succeeding  Dr.  William  D. 
Ennis,  who  retired  December  31  after  holding  office  since  1935. 

Mr.  Jappe  has  been  a  member  of  the  ASME's  finance 
committee  for  the  past  9  years  and  chairman  of  that  com- 
mittee for  the  past  2  years. 


Chicago  SPE  elects  Officers 

At  the  December  5  meeting  of  the  Chicago  section,  SPE, 
held  in  the  Merchandise  Mart,  L.  H.  Amrine,  president  of 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp.,  was  chosen  president  of 
the  section  to  succeed  W.  T.  Cooper,  technical  representa- 
tive of  the  Bakelite  Corp. 

Lee  Bordner  of  Chicago  Molded  Products  Corp.,  was 
named  vice-president;  and  E.  E.  Woodman,  technical  rep- 
resentative, Durez  Plastics  &  Chemicals,  Inc.,  secretary- 
treasurer. 

Added  to  the  board  of  directors  were  A.  H.  V'oss,  engi- 
neer. \\iMrrn  Electric  Co.;  Ray  Aldcn,  vice-president, 
<llolic  Tool  and  Molded  Products  Co.,  Rockford;  and  Mr. 
Woodman.  Other  directors  are  C.  C.  Henry  of  Chicago 
Die  Mold  Manufacturing  Co.;  L.  W.  Anderson,  Chicago 
Molded  Products  Corp.;  Jean  O.  Reinecke  of  Barnes  8e 
Reinecke;  and  Messrs.  Amrine,  Bordner  and  Cooper. 


TO    FINISHED    PRODUCT 

....  WE  TAKE  ALL  OF  THE 
RESPONSIBILITY  for  meeting  your 
molding  requirements.  When  you  call 
in  a  Minneapolis  Plastic  Company  repre- 
sentative for  consultation  about  your 
plans,  you  deal  with  an  expert  prepared 
to  follow  through  to  the  finish.  Respon- 
sibility for  handling  all  phases  of  the 
work  is  centered  at  one  single  source. 

Our  facilities  bring  you  the  benefit  of 
the  knowledge  of  specialists,  each  expe- 
rienced in  his  own  line,  for  industrial  de- 
sign, mold  and  die-making,  compression 
and  transfer  molding.  Our  reputation  for 
dependability  has  been  tested  and  proved 
—  first  by  industry;  in  recent  years  by  the 
rigid  specifications  of  the  armed  forces. 

Write  us  for  recommendations  about 
how  your  molding  problems  can  best  be 
met  —  for  suggestions  about  new  uses  for 
plastics  in  your  business.  No  obligation. 


MINNEAPOLIS  PLASTIC 
COMPANY 

2302  East  31st  Street  -  Minneapolis  6.  Minn. 


JANUARY   1943 


PLASTICS 


101 


Vnf  STANDARD 

£  MOLD  BASE 

FOR  INJECTION  MOLDIN 


The  postwar  era  pictures  a  bright  future  for  plastics ...  but 
not  without  many  problems  to  be  solved.  Because  competi- 
tion among  manufacturers  will  be  keener,  greater  efficiency 
in  engineering  and  production  will  become  evident,  and 
better  and  more  economical  molding  methods  will,  of  ne- 
cessity, be  demanded. 

The  mold  maker  using  DME  Standard  Mold  Bases  and  DME 
Standard  Parts  has  an  advantage  over  his  competitors 
because  this  molding  equipment,  by  virtue  of  its  time  and 
money-saving  qualities,  is  proving  its  increasing  worth  in 
wartime  production  schedules.  You  who  are  looking  forward 
to  the  future  will  do  well  to  learn  the  advantages  to  be 
gained  through  the  use  of  DME  mold  bases  and  parts  in 
tomorrow's  plastic  world. 

DME  NEWS  will   be   mailed  you 
monthly  upon   your  request. 


DETROIT      MOLD 
ENGINEERING     COMPANY 


48')!    WOODWARD    AVENUE 


DETROIT    1,    MICHIGAN 


overseas 


By   KENNETH   R.    PORTER 

PLASTICS'  london  Correspondent 

ON  the  basis  of  preliminary  tests  carried  out  by  several 
of  the  largest  British  plastics  concerns,  it  seems  fairly 
certain  that  a  vast  range  of  items  will  be  made  from 
plastics  in  the  future,  and  that  this  industry  is  looked  upon 
as  a  leading  post-war  source  of  employment  for  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  persons  as  well  as  an  outlet  for  capital 
investment  and  export. 

This  is  illustrated  by  the  recent  pooling  of  resources  by 
Britain's  greatest  coal-owning  group  for  the  purpose  of 
undertaking  joint  re-search,  manufacture  and  marketing  at 
home  and  overseas  of  coal-based  plastics.  This  group 
includes  the  $48.000,000  Powell,  Duffrin  combine  and  one 
of  the  leading  plastics  manufacturers,  De  La  Rue  Plastics, 
a  subsidiary  of  Thomas  De  La  Rue  and  Co.,  formed  in 
1942. 

The  new  venture  is  backed  by  ample  financial  resources 
and  is  already  establishing  laboratories  and  engaging  the 
necessary  personnel  of  experts  to  staff  them. 

•  • 

Plans  are  well  advanced  for  the  production  of  windows 
and  frames  from  light-colored  urea  materials,  with  good 
weathering  properties  obtained  by  the  use  of  melamine 
resins. 

The  windows  may  also  be  made  from  methyl  methacry- 
late,  which  has  better  light  transmitting  properties  and 
greater  toughness  than  glass,  is  light  in  weight  and  easy 
to  shape,  especially  where  curved  transparencies  are  re- 
quired. Exceptional  strength  and  toughness  will  be  given 
to  windows,  where  necessary,  by  wire-reinforced  cellulose 
sheets.  The  frames  will  be  built  up  from  extruded  thermo- 
plastic, cellulose  acetate  sections. 

•  • 

One  of  the  leading  plastics  companies  in  England  is 
devoting  practically  its  entire  experimental  and  production 
facilities  to  the  perfection  of  artificial  human  appendages. 

Plastics  ears,  eyes,  noses  and  limbs  can  be  made  so  life- 
like in  appearance  that  the  rehabilitation  of  fighting  men 
is  expedited  considerably  through  their  efforts. 

•  • 

One  of  the  oldest  processes  known  in  the  plastics  indus- 
try might  again  acquire  significance  and  be  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  new  products  alter  the  war.  The  process 
is  an  improvement  on  the  well-known  method  of  blowing 
hot  air  between  two  sheets  of  plastic  materials  to  produce 
a  hollow  or  ball-shaped  form. 

Plastics  experts  are  at  present  busy  perfecting  the  tech- 
nique of  the  process  by  eliminating  the  joining  lines  which 
used  to  spoil  the  appearance  of  the  finished  product,  by 
substituting  for  it  a  glass-blowing  technique  which  pro- 
duces smooth  surfaces  without  lines. 

If  the  glass-blowing  technique  can  be  adopted  for  the 
purpose,  hundreds  of  such  ornamental  and  domestic  articles 
as  bottles,  vases,  balls  and  similar  items  of  a  seamless 
structure  could  be  produced  from  plastics  in  a  large  variety 
of  shapes  and  colors. 

•  • 

An  idea  of  the  tremendous  scope  of  plastics  products 
which  are  available  already  and  the  inroads  which  plas- 
tics has  made  in  the  traditional  raw  material  territories 
can  be  gained  from  the  fact  that  a  count  of  more  than 
385  electrical  fixture  items,  all  different  in  design,  in  a 
shop  window  in  London,  showed  that  all  but  seven  had  been 
made  from  molded  or  extruded  plastics!  END 


102 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Designing   lot   Plastics 
(Continued  from  Page  23) 


after  molding,  with  newly  developed  lacquers.  Painted 
finishes  rarely  have  luminosity  and  are  a  poor  substitute 
for  the  depth  of  urea  and  styrene  colors.  However,  the  use 
of  lacquers  is  a  perfectly  honest  way,  from  a  design  stand- 
point, to  obtain  color  where  low  cost  is  necessary. 

In  the  field  of  transparent  plastics  there  is  again  unlim- 
ited opportunity  for  distinctive  and  outstanding  designs. 
Advantage  may  be  taken  of  optical  principles  to  obtain 
prismatic  effects,  which  may  be  enhanced  by  painting  the 
under  surface,  resulting  in  a  three-dimensional  effect  that 
is  particularly  attractive. 

Incorporating   Metals 

1 1  it  is  desired  to  incorporate  a  metal  nameplate  into  the 
design,  the  designer  may  plan  for  such  incorporation  at 
a  given  section  in  the  plastics  part.  One  of  the  most  satis- 
factory ways  of  applying  metal  nameplates  and  decoration 
is  to  design  the  mold  so  that  it  will  hold  the  metal  part 
during  the  molding  operation.  This  is  done  by  making 
allowance  for  a  depressed  area  in  the  mold  cavity  in  which 
metal  part  can  be  placed.  The  metal  part  then  becomes 
integral  part  of  the  molded  piece. 

1  Vsiguers  should  not  forget  the  innumerable  methods 
available  for  applying  decorative  effects  to  plastics.  Metal 
can  be  inlaid  into  parts,  and  decorative  or  functional  metal 
bands  can  be  applied  by  cementing  them  in  depressed 
areas.  Xameplates  can  be  made  by  the  roll-leaf  process 
which  consi>ts  of  metallic  or  colored  foils  depressed  by  a 
die  into  the  parts  with  heat:  or  where  low  cost  is  essen- 
tial, offset  printing  from  a  rubber  stamp  can  be  used.  When 
subtle  lettering  or  texture  is  desired,  it  can  be  accomplished 
by  sandblasting  through  a  metal  mask. 

In  designing  for  plastics,  it  is  well  to  give  full  consid- 
ation  to  the  fact  that  the  larger  a  part  is,  the  more  nec- 
ury  it  Incomes  to  use  well-rounded  corners  wherever 
possible.  This  is  to  avoid  a  so-called  "mushy"  appear- 
ance. To  offset  this  effect,  sometimes  it  is  advisable 
that  large  housings  or  parts  be  broken  into  several  sec- 
tion^. Tlie  components  then  may  be  designed  with  more 
ncise  contours,  and  the  resultant  assembly  will  have 
arper  lines.  To  make  the  most  efficient  use  of  plastics 
naterials,  however,  it  is  without  doubt  better  design  prac- 
tice to  u-o  curves  wherever  possible.  This  insures  better 
strength  characteristics  and  easier  moldability. 

Designing  for  Strength 

Fe\\  people  know  that  upon  occasion  it  is  necessary  to 
«><•  reeded  or  fluted  motifs  in  the  design  of  a  plastics  part. 
In  the  design  of  housings,  especially  large  parts,  when 
heavy  ribs  arc  used  on  the  inside  of  the  part  for  assembly 
purposes  or  to  strengthen  the  molding,  it  is  often  advisable 
ver  the  corresponding  external  surface  with  ribs  or 
some  equivalent  surface  treatment  to  minimize  stress  lines 
caused  by  these  ribs.  Thus,  designers  in  plastics  who  under- 
stand the  manufacturing  problems  can  often  turn  a  manu- 
facturing limitation  into  a  design  asset. 

Contrary  to  the  general  viewpoint  in  current  advertising 
and  magazine  articles,  there  are  likely  to  be  no  revolu- 
tionary changes  in  design  of  the  objects  which  we  are 
accustomed  to  use  in  the  period  directly  after  the  war  — 
no  startling  or  breathtaking  jump  into  the  all-glass,  all- 
light-metal,  or  all-plastics  World  of  Tomorrow.  Jn-t  as 
American  business  in  the  past,  in  the  product  field,  was 
Wrd  on  sound  design  and  sound  progression,  so  will 
Americans,  post-war,  progress  again  in  a  sound  and  logical 
manner.  END 


Plir.lit    Bottle    (api    shown,    molded    by    Victor    Metal    Products 
(oiii     Brooklyn,   N    Y  Metaplaled  by  Melaplost   Company 


JANUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


103 


oL 


earn 


^htow  UniA    Versatile 
t  Ljour  f-^lan5  for  tkc  future! 


The  basic  characteristics  oi  SARAN  by  NATIONAL  olfer 
vast  possibilities  ior  the  use  oi  this  remarkable  plastic 
in  numerous  iields.  Its  color  and  beauty  .  .  .  amazing 
durability  .  .  .  resistance  to  abrasion,  to  most  acids  and 
other  injurious  substances,  are  amonq  the  many  important 
properties  that  make  it  the  perfect  material  to  consider  in 
designing  and  improving  your  product.  We  at  National. 
will  gladly  discuss  it  with  you. 


Write  for  a   deicripftve   booklet  on   SARAN  by  NATIONAL 

nnTionni  PLBSTIC/MODUCTS 


ODENTON,  MD. 


(Continued  from  page  29) 


requires  the  addition  of  plasticizers  in  the   formation  c 
plastic  compositions : 

1 I )  Vinyl  esters  as: 

Polyvinyl  chloride 
Polyvinyl  acetate 
Copolymer  polyvinyl 

acetate-polyvinyl  chloride 
Polyvinyl  butyral 

(2)  Cellulose  esters 

Cellulose  nitrate 

Cellulose  acetate 

Cellulose  acetate  butyrate 

Ethyl  cellulose 
(3     Urea  formaldehyde 
(4     Coumarone-indene 

i5     Polystyrene 
6     Casein  resins 

Probably  the  most  important  groups  of  resins  used  wit 
plasticizers  are  the  vinyl  ester  and  the  cellulose  group: 
with  the  other  groups  gaining  in  momentum  as  researc 
progresses.  Some  examples  of  good  plasticizer-resin  com 
binations,  in  addition  to  those  shown  in  the  table  o 
page  26,  are  the  following: 

Polyvinyl  chloride 

Dioctyl  phthalate 
Polyvinyl  acetate 

Dicarbitol  phthalate 
Dioctyl  phthalate 
Diethoxy  phthalate 
Dimethyl  cellosolve  phthalate 
Polyvinyl  butyral 

Dibutyl  sebacate 
Dicatbitol  phthalate 
Cellulose  acetate 

Dimethyl  phthalate 
Diethyl  phthalate 
Triphenyl  phosphate 
Dimethyl  cellosolve  phthalate 
Cellulose  nitrate 
Camphor 
Tricresyl  phthalate 
Dibutyl  phthalate 
Cellulose  aceto  butyrate 
Dicarbitol  phthalate 
Diethoxy  ethyl  phthalate 
Ethyl  cellulose 

Dicarbitol  phthalate 
Dioctyl  phthalate 
Diethoxy  ethyl  phthalate 

and  other  phthalates 
Urea  formaldehyde 

Dioctyl  phthalate 
Polystyrene 

Dibutyl  phthalate 
Tricresyl  phosphate 

The  vinyls  are  extremely  versatile  resins  which  can  be 
made  adaptable  for  almost  any  use.  They  have  many  de- 
sirable properties,  can  be  made  from  an  unlimited  source 
of  raw  materials,  have  low  cost  due  to  production  facilities, 
and  are  easy  to  adapt  to  varied  uses. 

Polymerization  of  Vinyls 

In  polymerization,  vinyl  molecules  react  in  rapid  suc- 
cession to  form  one  large  molecule  (polymer) — thus  poly- 
vinyl chloride  is  a  polymer  of  vinyl  chloride.  Traces  of 
impurities  may  slow  down  polymerization  or  lower  the 
molecular  weight  of  the  ensuing  resin,  or  both.  Polymeri- 
zation may  be  induced  by  such  means  as  irradiation  with 
ultraviolet  light  or  the  addition  of  catalysts,  the  rate  of 
polymerization  depending  upon  the  concentration  of  cata- 


PLAST1CS 


JANUARY  1945 


Comparative  Properties  of  Plasticizer* 

(Courfciy,  Ohio-Apci  Co.) 


U 

Sp.  6r.              F 
0*  C/20*  C) 

<«h  Pt. 

l'C) 

Solubility 
in  W.t.r 
IV..  25*C) 

Volatility 
{%,IOOhr 

105'  C) 

! 
Boiling 
Ft.                  (, 
(4mm.«CJ 

v«pOc»tion 

R«t«  Lou 
jm,  105*  C. 
J4hr] 

I 

MoUcuUr          I 
W.iqkt 

»<iolin* 
olubility 
>0*  IE. 
M'C| 

H,d-ol»»,. 
|R.flu..d 
Jtw«,tk 

A.-, 

1.063  

..202  

O.I.... 

_.  7.6 

226 

o 

. 

100 

• 

Kapsol 

0902 

182 

0.  . 

12  5 

200-215 

00035 

340 

100 

oos 

Ethox    
Methox    . 

1.120 

1.171 

..180 
...180  

0.3  
0.9  

-  8.6  
..  _.  5.0 

202    .. 
195 

0.0007 
00015 

310 
iBl 

13 
2.0 

001 
OXM 

KP-23 

...    0.88? 

...193.:  

0 

10.2 

225-238 

00008 

384 

100     . 

0 

KP-120 

0.966  

...218  

0 

5.5 

220-260    ..  _ 

0.0032 

398 

100 

0 

KP-140 

.  1.020 

...196  

O.I  ... 

409 

220 

00228 

190 

100 

0 

Kronitex  

1.167  

...230  

o 

O.I 

-      247 

0 

168 

100 

0.01 

Iv-t.  It  may  also  be  affected  by  the  concentration  of  vinyl 
compounds  present.  The  degree  of  polymerization  can  he 
controlled  by  varying  the  conditions  so  that  a  product  hav- 
ing the  characteristics  desired  can  be  obtained. 

Molecules  of  vinyl  chloride  are  linked  to  each  other  by 
various  methods  to  form  a  large  molecule  of  polyvinyl 
chloride.  The  same  is  true  of  polyvinyl  acetate  and  poly- 
vinyl  butyral.  In  the  case  of  the  copolymer  polyvinyl  ace- 
tate-polyvinyl  chloride,  single  molecules  of  each  react  with 
themselves  and  then  with  each  other  at  the  double  bond. 
Because  of  this  it  is  possible  to  synthesize  a  great  variety 
of  resins  for  any  number  of  commercial  applications,  for 
the  molecular  weight  of  these  resins  can  be  varied  as  well 
as  the  .ratio  of  vinyl  chloride  to  vinyl  acetate. 

Polyvinyl  chloride  itself  is  a  tough,  brittle  substance 
which  requires  an  elevated  temperature  to  soften  it  before 
it  can  be  molded  with  ease,  but  this  causes  a  certain  degree 
ui  decomposition."  For  this  reason,  polyvinyl  chloride  is 
always  plasticized.  One  of  the  methods  of  preparing  it 


is  by  mixing  on  a  hot  roll  mill  or  in  any  suitable  heavy 
kncader  or  mixer  with  a  compatible  pl.i-tici/er  of  ihc  high 
boiling,  low-volatility  type,  such  a*  dioctyl  phthalate.   When 
cool,   a   resilient   rubU-r-like  product   is    formed   which    i- 
Irghly  flexible,  resistant  to  sunlight,  watrr.  oxiilatimi. 
and  certain  oils.    This  male-rial  is  suited  for  milling,  calm 
dering,  extruding  and  molding  with  standard  equipment. 

Plasticizers  that  can  IK-  used  with  pulyvinyl  chloride 
are  dioctyl  phthalate  and  tricrcsyl  phosphate,  which  have 
high  boiling  range  and  low  volatility,  and  which  impart 
to  the  product  good  fire  resistance  and  low  temperature 
flexibility.  Any  of  the  other  plasticizers  of  the  aromatic 
ethers,  ketone,  esters,  chlorester  type  may  be  useful.  Sulfur 
containing  compounds  are  also  becoming  important. 

When  compounded  and  plasticized,  polyvinyl  chloride 
becomes  suitable  for  extrusion,  molding  and  sheeting:  if 
dissolved  in  solvent,  the  resulting  product  may  l»e  us*d 
for  coating  cloth  and  electroplating  equipment.  I'lastici/rd 


I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 


CAN  PLAY  A  PART  IN  YOUR 
PLANS  FOR  CONVERSION 

DID    YOU    EVER    TRY    PLASTIC    TOOLING? 


.  FOR  TEMPORARY   TOOLING - 


FOR   PRODUCTION   TOOLING  - 


To  cover  rush  orders  in  the  shop  before  a  final 
design  is  completed.  These  so-called  temporary 
tools  may  fill  the  entire  production  requirements. 

Soundly  applied,  PORMRITE  brings  speed,  econ- 
omy and  flexibility  to  your  tooling  program. 

FOR   DUPLICATE   PRODUCTION   TOOLING -To  meet  increased  production  requirements.     Ship 

duplicate  tools  to  outlying  plants  and  to  sub-con- 
tractors. INTERCH ANGEABILITY  js  assured. 

FOR   EXPERIMENTAL   DESIGN   MODELS-      To  get  products  on  the  market  cheaply,  quickly, 

and  provide  the  means  of  rapid  change  in  design. 

For     FORMRITE  "M"  "E"  and  "R"_or- !  Finished  Tools  Contact 

ART     PLASTIC     COMPANY 


33-22  57th  St. 
Woodside,  L.I.,N.Y. 


1512    Callow  hi  1 1    St. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


I 
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I 
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follow   ZJlic    3ortnrilf   Ramify 


JVMJARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


lor, 


£ye  Appealing  de- 
sign silk  screened  on 
plastic  co mpact  cre- 
ates a  distinctive 

product. 


esLJepenacibte 


FABRICATING,  MACHINING,  ASSEMBLY 

Here  s  the  answer  for  further  finishing  your 
molded  plastics  ...  or  complete  produc- 
tion of  your  fabricated  products: 

Decorative  Sills  Screen  Work  . . . 
Color  Fill  .  .  .  Spraying 

Grinding  .  .  .  Sanding  .  .  . 
Buffing  .  .  .  Trimming 

Lathe  Turning  . . .  Boring 
Sawing  .  .  .  Drilling  and  Tapping 

With  equipment  developed  to  specialize  on 
plastics,  modern  plant  facilities  are  avail- 
able for  all  fabricating  services. 


Exacting 
sanding,  trim- 
ming cm  preci- 
sian part  for 
Westingkouie. 


Drilling,  polish- 
ing, assembly 
performed  on 
Boy  Scout  whis- 
tle molded  by  Su- 
perior Plastics. 


CORPORATION 

4034N.  Kolmor  Chicago  41,  Illinois 


"Lacking    Precision    In    The    Matter 
All  Were  Lost  ....'» 

Addison 

JrRECiIoIOIV  injection   molding 
achieved    in    this    plastic    detonator    cap 

<  •  i  L  1 1 1  •  1 1 1 1  «•  n*  • 


container: 


Perfect    closure,   with    correct    tension    to 
prevent    accidental    opening. 
Exact   dimension   and   depth    gauge 
Transparency 

Waterproof,      Shock-proof      and      Warp- 
proof  qualities 

KIRK  engineering,  from  design 
to  final  injection  molding,  hag 
accomplished  a  hitherto  well- 
nigh  impossible  feat.  Detonator 
cap  containers  are  vital  equip- 
ment— and  this  practically  inde- 
structible plastic  container  is  a 
time-saver,  a  trouble-saver,  a 
/i/e-saver.  .  .  produced  by  KIRK 
many,  many  times  faster  than 
now  out-dated  containers  of 
other  materials  were  made.  Per- 
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extrusion  mixes  are  used  for  production  of  electrical  cable 
coatings,  flexible  tubings,  and  gaskets. 

Polyvinyl  acetate  is  characterized  by  low  softening  point, 
high  water  absorption,  excellent  heat  stability  and  extreme 
tackiness.  These  resins,  therefore,  are  unsuitable  for  mold- 
ing, since  they  are  too  tacky  to  be  formed  easily  into  plas- 
tics articles.  They  are,  however,  well  suited  for  water 
insoluble  adhesives  and  can  be  used  for  a  wide  variety 
of  materials. 

These  resins  can  be  plasticized  to  give  almost  any  degree 
of  flexibility.  However,  that  is  not  the  only  function  of 
the  plasticizer;  they  also  increase  tackiness,  lower  tem- 
perature required  to  seal  thermoplastic  adhesives  and  lower 
the  melting  point  of  hot  melts. 

Some  of  the  plasticizers  used  are  of  the  common  lacquer 
types  such  as  phthalates,  phosphates,  abietates  and  glyco- 
lates.  A  number  of  the  more  satisfactory  plasticizers  are 
dibutyl  phthalate,  diamyl  phthalate  which  give  good  flexi- 
bility, film  strength  and  adhesion  to  glass;  tricresyl  phos- 
phate (Lindol,  Kronitex)  and  triphenyl  phosphate  for  strong 
adhesion  to  glass;  dibutoxy  ethyl  phthalate  (Kronisol), 
butyl  phthalyl  butyl  glycolate  (Santiciser  B-16)  and  3  GH 
give  high  flexibility  and  good  adhesion  with  only  fair  film 
strength. 

Effect  on  Vinyls 

The  chemical  inertness  of  the  vinyl  resins  suggests  many 
uses  for  them,  and  adding  various  agents  to  them  further 
improves  their  properties.  The  addition  of  plasticizers  has 
various  effects — small  amounts  improve  their  ability  to 
bend  without  checking,  and  larger  proportions  tend  to 
change  them  from  rigid  to  elastic  rubber-like  solids  or 
soft  gels,  depending  upon  amount  of  plasticizer  used. 

There  are  definite  standards  by  which  plasticizers  are 
to  be  judged.  Even  though  all  of  them  may  not  apply  to 
every  use,  it  is  a  good  policy  to  know  something  of  them 
so  that  a  good  choice  can  be  made  when  the  occasion  de- 
mands. The  outstanding  characteristics  for  plasticizers4 
to  be  incorporated  into  the  copolymer  resins  are : 

(1) — Viscosity:  If  a  substance  is  too  viscous,  poor  flexi- 
bility will  result  in  those  resins  at  low  temperatures ;  if  they 
are  solid  at  ordinary  or  room  temperature,  the  resins  will 
have  a  limited  range  of  flexibility.  Plasticizers  like  cam- 
phor, triphenyl  phosphate  and  hexaethyl  benzene  reduce 
processing  temperatures  and  act  like  liquid  plasticizers  at 
elevated  temperatures,  but  yield  poor  elongations  at  low 
temperatures. 

(2) — Compatibility:  If  plasticizers  have  a  tendency  to 
sweat  out  of  a  resin,  they  are  not  compatible  with  it.  They 
may  be  so  at  high  temperatures,  but  as  soon  as  cooling 
sets  in,  they  will  come  out  of  the  resin.  Compatible  plas- 
ticizers are  usually  esters  of  low  molecular  weight,  but 
these  are  unsatisfactory  because  they  are  too  volatile.  In 
order  to  overcome  this,  a  plasticizer  is  used  which  lias 
more  than  one  solubilizing  group  in  its  molecule,  as  dioctyl 
phthalate,  tricresyl  phosphate  and  dibutyl  Cellosolve  seba- 
cate. 

(3) — Heat  Stability:  The  amount  of  time  required  for 
a  plasticized  compound  to  discolor  is  a  good  indication 
of  the  effect  of  the  plasticizer  upon  the  tendency  of  the 
plasticized  product  to  discolor  while  it  is  processed. 

(4) — Elongation  and  Effectiveness:  The  effect  of  vari- 
ous concentrations  of  plasticizers  upon  elongation  has  been 
studied,  and  results  have  shown  that  the  smaller  the  amount 
of  plasticizer  used  to  yield  maximum  elongation,  the  more 
efficient  the  plasticizer.  Plasticizer  type  influences  the 
stiffness  of  polymers  as  they  are  thermoplastic  and  vary 
with  temperature.  Therefore,  a  compound  that  has  fair 
cold  flexibility  at  room  temperature  cannot  be  compared 
with  another  of  similar  stiffness  but  with  a  different  degree 


106 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


of  flexibility  when  cold.  A  compound  plasticized  with  a 
known  percentage  of  plasticizer  will  exhibit  good  elonga- 
tion at  elevated  temperatures  but  relatively  poor  elongation 

5  at  reduced  temperature.  Flexibility  at  low  temperatures  is 
increased  by  larger  concentration  of  plasticizers  but  tensile 
strength  is  weakened. 

(5) — Low    Tempera! lire    Flexibility:     Plasticized    com- 
pounds that  are  flexible  at   room  temperature  will  show 
a  decreased  flexibility  at   reduced  temperatures   in   some 
.    Individual  tests  would  probably  have  to  be  made 

:  to  determine  plasticizers  that  would  be  suitable  for  prod- 
nets  requiring  good  flexibility  at  low  temperatures. 

(6) — Volatility:  Delicately  controlled  conditions  are 
usually  required  to  determine  volatility.  This  however, 
does  not  take  into  effect  factors  as  diffusion  rate,  air  mois- 
ture content,  plasticizer  concentration  and  changes  in 
atmospheric  temperature.  The  factor  which  determines 
the  proper  volatility  in  vinyl  copolymers  is  use.  If  a  prod- 
not  is  to  be  used  in  making  objects  waterproof,  a  wide 
surface  is  exposed  for  escape  of  plasticizer,  and  adequate 
flexibility  must  be  maintained  over  a  definite  period.  These 
plasticizers  must  have  low  volatility.  If  the  boiling  range 
of  a  plasticizer  is  high,  it  tends  towards  low  volatility,  as 
in  the  case  of  dioctyl  phthalate  and  tricresyl  phosphate. 
Once  again  more  than  one  solubilizing  group  is  necessary 
in  plasticizers  of  low  volatility. 

(7) — Extractions:  Whether  or  not  a  plasticizer  can  be 
removed  from  a  plasticized  product  by  coming  into  contact 
with  water  and  oils  is  an  important  factor  in  determining 
plasticizers  to  be  used  in  compounds  coming  into  contact 
with  such  liquids. 

(8) — Effect  of  Chemical  Composition:  Most  suitable 
compounds  as  plasticizers  for  this  group  are  esters.  How- 
ever not  all  esters  are  suitable  as  they  may  be  too  volatile, 
or  viscous,  and  may  be  incompatible.  Esters  containing 
-ufficient  solubilizing  groups  are  most  satisfactory  for  plas- 
ticizers as  they  are  characterized  by  low  volatility,  and 
good  compatibility.  Polybasic  acids  such  as  sebacic,  phtha- 
lic  and  phosphoric  esterified  with  octyl  alcohol  produce 
good  plasticizers.  Acetylation  and  esterification  of  hydroxy 
acids  increase  the  number  of  active  groups  making  them 
useful  as  plasticizers.  The  esters  of  monobasic  acids  and 
polyethylene  glycol  are  also  useful.  Phosphate  esters  have 
good  flame  resistance  which  is  an  important  factor  in  many 
uses.  Aromatic  phosphates  exhibit  low  water  extraction, 
moderately  low  oil  extraction,  very  low  volatility  and  poor 
cold  flexibility  and  all  possess  poor  heat  stability. 

Vinyl  chloride-acetate  copolymer  resins  have  a  great 
variety  of  uses  and  can  be  applied  in  many  ways  when  prop- 
erly plasticized.  When  modified  with  fillers,  plasticizers 
and  pigments,  they  may  be  obtained  as  flexible  sheetings 
and  films,  rigid  sheets,  and  molding  and  extrusion  com- 
pounds. 

By  calendering  a  highly  plasticized  copolymer  resin,  a 
sheeting  and  film  is  obtained  which  is  extremely  flexible 
but  also  tough.  This  is  of  utmost  importance  in  the  use  for 
articles  of  apparel  as  belts  and  suspenders ;  the  film  is  suited 
M  ;i  fabric  for  raincoats;  umbrellas,  shower  curtains,  sport 
jackets  and  similar  articles.  Uses  in  industry  include 
chemical  and  oil  resistant  gaskets  and  electrical  insulation 
tapes.  A  coated  paper,  obtained  by  calendering  plasticized 
resin  to  a  continuou-  -heet  of  suitable  stock,  is  extremely 
useful  a-  paper  cap  liners  for  packages  of  perishable 
products.  END 


MWMCM 

(1)  Licbhaiiky.   II.    A..    Marshall.   A.   I...  and   Vrrholk,   Frank   H  .    /»</. 
Eng.  Ckem.,  34,   704-708   (1942). 

(2)  Bass.  Shailrr  I..,  and   Kauppi,  T.  A.,  Ind.  Eng.  Ckrm.,  29.  678  6S« 


(3)  Klhi  Carleton,  Chemistry  of  Synthetic  Rttint,  1276,  Vol.  II  (19.15). 

(4)  Reed.  M.  C..  Ind.  Eng.  (htm.,  35,  896  (1943)  . 

JAM  "A it y  i Mir.  107 


The  ability  to  create  designs  that  are 
practical  as  well  as  artistic  and  distinc- 
tive has  given  the  House  of  Plastics 
leadership  in  its  special  field. 

Complementing  the  versatility  of  its 
creative  genius  the  House  of  Plastics, 
through  its  highly  trained  organization, 
is  noted  for  its  unusual  skill  and  capacity 
for  transmitting  design  into  production 
on  a  volume  basis. 

The  keynote  throughout  is  high  qual- 
ity and  unique  conception.  This  is  ex- 
emplified in  a  wide  array  of  finished 
articles  including  display  and  store  fix- 
tures, furniture  specialties  for  home  and 
office,  cosmetic  containers,  decorative 
items  and  miscellaneous  art  objects — in 
addition  to  many  new  industrial  appli- 
cations which  are  now  being  planned  by 
us  for  postwar  uses  of  an  imposing  list 
of  clients. 

If  you  are  interested  in  investi- 
gating the  possibilities  of  fabri- 
cated plastics  as  applied  to  a  spe- 
cial production  problem  of  yours, 
please  feel  free  to  write  us.  We'll 
be  glad  to  gi*e  you  the  benefit 
of  our  experience  and  suggestions 
without  obligation. 


SPECIALISTS    IN    DESIGN    AND    FABRICATION 


c 


Precision 


built  throughout  for  ease 
and  speed  In  operation. 
Fully  portable.  Will  make 
TENSILE,  COMPRESSION, 
TRANSVERSE  and  SHEAR 
tests.  Motorized  or  hand 
operated.  Calibrated  with 
Morehouse  Proving  Ring 
for  accuracy.  Maximum 
hand,  self-aligning  jaws, 
ball  bearing  throughout. 
Tests  any  type  material, 
rounds,  flats,  special 
shapes. 


10  to  14  day  delivery!  Ca- 
pacities from  0-250  Ibs. 
up  to  0-10,000  Ibs.  Amer- 
ica's must  popular  low 
priced  tester!  Hundreds  in 
use  by  leading  plants. 


TENSILE 
TESTER 


wane  FOB  lUVtltATlO  iooiuci 


Wf    r»n  i  run  P  r*r»      I-.**5408  WEST HAKRISON ST 
.  C.  DILLON  &  CO.,  InC.  CHICAGO 44, IIL.U.S.A 


at  its  best 


We  have  the  personnel,  the  presses, 
and  the  experience  to  do  your 
custom  molding  the  way  you  want  it 
done.  We  are  equipped  to  make  the 
dies  for  your  work,  per  your  blue-, 
prints  or  your  specifications.  When 
we  mold  from  dies  furnished  by  you, 
we  inspect  and  care  for  your  dies  as 
if  they  were  our  own. 

Tor  quick  quotations  on  your  injec- 
tion molding  requirements,  give  us 


a  ring 


CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 


308  West  Erie  St. 


SUPerior  8474 


Band-Sawing  Plastics 

(Continued  from  Page  32) 


lems  to-day  with  high  velocities  possible,  especially  when 
using  the  new  coarse-pitch  saw.  These  materials  can  be 
readily  cut  to  a  true  straight  line,  or  contour-sawed  with 
a  good  finish  free  from  burr  or  chipping.  A  light  feeding 
pressure  will  give  a  cutting  rate  of  approximately  50" 
linear)  per  minute  on  a  %"  thickness.  A  ^"-10  pitch 
standard  precision  band  may  also  be  used  with  good  re- 
sults, if  operated  at  recommended  velocities.  Formerly, 
when  these  plastics  had  to  be  sawed  at  conventional  speeds, 
it  was  necessary  to  practically  destroy  the  efficiency  of 
a  new  band  by  stoning  the  set  on  both  sides  to  eliminate 
chipping. 

\Yhen  band  sawing  some  of  the  cellulosics,  a  little  water 
applied  directly  to  the  cutting  edge  of  the  teeth  help  dissi- 
pate heat  at  the  critical  point  before  it  can  build  up  suffi- 
ciently to  damage  the  finished  cut.  Some  of  these  mate- 
rials have  a  tendency  to  heat  more  or  less,  and  the  longer 
the  band  the  better  it  will  dissipate  heat,  equipment  used 
for  sawing  plastics  therefore  should  not  be  too  small 
regardless  of  type  of  saw  used.  The  amount  of  water 
used  as  a  coolant,  when  advisable,  is  approximately  J4 
pint  per  minute. 

All  contour  sawing  machines  are  equipped  with  air  jet 
to  keep  the  kerf  clean  and  provide  a  cooling  effect  on  the 
saw.  Coolants  are  not  used  on  the  general  run  of  plastics ; 
only  on  those  which  are  adversely  affected  by  even  com- 
paratively low  heat. 

It  will  be  noted  that  saw  selection  and  velocity  do  not 
vary  a  great  deal  with  any  of  the  materials  listed,  but 
the  use  of  a  standard-pitch  saw  even  operated  at  speeds 
recommended  would  produce  satisfactory  results.  Some 
plastics  definitely  require  velocities  in  the  4000-5000  fpm 
range  and  one  type  of  saw  is  as  good  as  the  other.  This 
is  true  in  the  case  of  glass  fibre  base  plastics. 

Plastics  having  a  glass  cloth  or  glass  felt  base  are  sawed 
through  a  combination  of  friction  sawing  and  conventional 


CHICAGO  10,  ILL. 


For  plastics  having  an  abrasive  base  such  as  glass  fibre, 
it  is  best  to  use  the  improved  type  of  saw  at  its  higher 
velocities  (4500  fpm)  to  produce  a  semi-friction  cutting 
action  needed  to  soften  the  material  in  the  kerf.  Rapid 
cutting  rate  achieved  with  above  W,  18-pitch  band 


108 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


4  Pitch  Standard  Tooth 

Drawing  (scale:  I"T-  '4")  shows  weak  points  oi  stand 
ard  tooth  band — high  sties*  concentration,  narrow  guid- 
ing width,  and  the  long  teeth,  which  increase  vibration 


4  Pitch  Buttress  Tooth 

Note  the  Increased  band  width  oi  the  buttress  type  saw, 
providing  50%  more  tensile  strength,  minimum  stress  con- 
centration, greater  tooth  rigidity,  ample  guiding  width 

sawing.  The  abrasiveness  of  this  material  requires  saw 
operation  at  such  a  velocity  that  sufficient  heat  be  gen- 
erated to  soften  the  material  in  contact  with  the  teeth. 
The  teeth  thus  penetrate  the  material  easily  and  remove 
dust-like  chips,  whereas  regular  velocities  would  soon  ren- 
der the  band  worthless. 

When  a  saw  band  is  traveling  at  5000  ft  or  approxi- 
mately a  mile  per  minute,  it  makes  little  difference  whether 
the  pitch  is  4,  10  or  14  from  a  cutting  efficiency  angle; 
it  is  more  a  matter  of  finish,  and  the  finer  the  pitch  the 
finer  the  finish. 

When  and  if  recommendations  given  do  not  fit  a  par- 
ticular case  at  first  try,  some  satisfactory  compromise 
should  be  quite  readily  established  from  these  figures. 
Better  still,  the  laboratories  of  leading  saw  manufacturers 
will  formulate  the  proper  sawing  techniques  for  any  plas- 
tics provided  sufficient  material  is  furnished  for  a  thor- 
ough test.  END 

1/U"  width  not  tnlUble  for  the  duration  :  the  nirroutit  no*  obuln 


ible  ire  3  32". 


PLASTICS'  ANNUAL  DIRECTORY 


This  special  edition  of  the  March.  1S4S.  Issue  oi  PLASTICS 
magazine  will  bring  to  the  industry  a  broad,  thorough  and 
up-to-date  catalogue  oi  the  plastics  Held — Including  listings 
of  companies,  executive  personnel,  branch  oifices,  products, 
materials,  machinery. 

•        •        • 

HAVE  YOU  RECEIVED  A  COPY  OF  THE  QUESTION- 
NAIRE  on  which  to  list  the  types  ol  work  performed  or  serv- 
ices offered  by  your  company? 

IF  NOT.  write  at  once  to:  Research  Editor.  PLASTICS. 
540  North  Michigan  Avenue.  Chicago  1 1.  Illinois,  for  a  copy. 
Be  lure  to  indicate  the  nature  of  your  business — I.e.,  whether 
you  are  a  plater,  designer,  research  organization,  con- 
sultant, engineering  group,  manufacturer  of  machinery  and 
equipment,  molder.  fabricator,  coaler,  lamlnator,  extruder, 
producer  of  plastics  materials  or  basic  chemicals  or  scrap 
dealer. 

IF  YOU  HAVE  RECEIVED  THE  QUESTIONNAIRE,  please 
return  it  not  later  than  January  8  to  insure  a  complete  and 
correct  listing  in  the  DIRECTORY. 

[There  is  no  charge  for  the  listings) 


For  Initruction  chartt,  diagrams,  lifts  end  limilar 
application!,  laminated  Vlnyllte  It  unsurpassed 
because  ...  It  Is  fungus  resistant  .  .  .  dees  net 
support  combustion  .  .  .  will  not  war*,  shrink  er 
curl  under  normal  conditions.  Send  for  our  Name 


JANUARY    l<H.i 


PLASTICS 


100 


J/ie          * 
INSIDE  STORY 

of  1945 


Just  as  you  can  see  the  sand  in  the 
hour  glass  so  you  can  see  Intricate 
mechanical  movements  lit  a  trans- 
parent plastics  model. 


Sorry,  we  can't  make  transparent  study 
models  to  show  the  inside  workings  of  the 
new  year.  We  can  extend  to  all  of  our 
customers  and  prospective  customers,  our 
sincere  appreciation  of  their  understand- 
ing and  cooperation  in  these  war  rushed 
days. 

We  pledge  them  our  continued  efforts  to 
render  the  best  possible  service  at  all 
times. 

INJECTION  -  COMPRESSION    TRANSFER    MOLDS 


Srmchi  n  ItiuJNiiimiiH  Co. 


INJECTION-COMPRESSION 
TRANSFER  MOLDS 

19  WEST  24 Hi   STREET 


MODELS  onJPARTS  IN  All 
METALS  on)  PLASTICS 


WAtkins  9-0191 


NEW  YORK  10  N  V. 


'.  item  made  in  plastics  sends  foith  its 
1  own  bid  for  Sales  Appeal,  Durability  and 
the  savings  of  light  weight. 

But  it's  knowing  how  to  use  plastics  that  spells 
Ihe  difference.   That's  why  your  work  at 
Magnetic  Plastics  is  custom  moulded 
fiom  the  plastics  that  best  withstand 
the  wear  their  job  demands. 

Ask  us  to  help  you  see  what  plastics 
can  do  in  your  business.   Just  send 
photo,  sample  or  specifications,  and 
we'll  fell  you  quickly  if  it  can  be 

made  in  moulded  plastics. 


THE  MAGNETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

1900  EUCLID   BLDG.      •     CLEVELAND   15,  OHIO 


"Wiijr/jfe"  /or  CaJWe  Coverings 

(Continued  from  Page  39) 


By  far  the  greatest  use  for  resins  of  the  vinyl  family  at 
present  is  in  cable  and  wire  coating.  Low  power  factor 
combined  with  high  dielectric  strength  make  it  possible 
to  use  a  much  thinner  insulation  than  is  normal  for  cot- 
ton-braided rubber  insulation.  This  finally  results  in  at 
least  50%  more  current-carrying  copper  in  the  same  con- 
duit. In  ship  wiring,  the  importance  of  Vinylite  materials' 
non-flammability  and  resistance  to  water  and  corrosive 
chemicals  can  be  appreciated. 

Vinyl  plasticized  resins  are  also  calendered  in  continuous 
thin  sheeting,  which  can  be  used  as  gun  and  pistol  covers, 
and  for  equipment  used  to  convert  sea  water  into  drinking 
water. 

To  clear  up  some  confusion  over  the  use  of  the  trade 
mark  Vinylite,  it  should  be  pointed  out  that  several  varieties 
of  resins  are  sold  under  this  trade  mark,  including  those 
of  vinyl  chloride,  vinyl  acetate,  vinyl  acetate-chloride 
and  vinyl  butyral  derivation.  Polyethylene,  a  contender 
for  the  cable  and  wire  coating  field,  is  a  product  of  eth- 
ylene  while  all  of  those  listed  above  are  polymers  or  co- 
polymers  of  the  vinyls.  In  a  polymer,  a  chemically-treated 
substance,  the  single  molecules  of  the  material  join  with 
each  other  to  form  long  chain  molecules  or  three-dimen- 
sional lattices.  As  a  general  rule,  the  former  type  is  called 
thermoplastic,  while  the  latter  is  termed  thermosetting. 

Value  of  Color 

By  suitable  pigmentation,  a  variety  of  colors  can  be  pro- 
duced in  vinyl  copolymers,  which  make  it  possible  to  iden- 
tify circuits  with  ease  and  eliminate  the  need  of  braided 
coverings.  The  complex  control  board,  pictured  on  page  38, 
demonstrates  the  simplicity  of  wire  identification  when 
using  Vinylite  plastics  colored  wire  insulation.  The  bright, 
fade-resistant  colors  are  integral  parts  of  the  insulation, 
and  as  durable  as  the  wire  itself. 

By  means  of  the  Stria-color  process,  the  color  lines  in 
insulating  tubing  are  inlaid  into  the  surface,  the  color 
stripes  being  extruded  from  the  same  material  as  the  body 
of  the  extrusion. 

Vinyl  copolymer  coating  is  usually  extruded  on  standard 
screw  extrusion  equipment,  or  applied  in  tape  form  as  a 
wrapping.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  then  heat-sealed  in  an 
oven,  or  by  being  passed  through  a  radiant  heat  chamber 
which  heats  and  fuses  the  layers  rapidly.  Two  types  of 
cable  coverings  are  made  from  vinyl  copolymer  resin — 
primary  insulation,  which  gives  the  required  dielectric  pro- 
tection, and  part  or  all  of  the  physical  protection;  and 
jacketing,  which  provides  the  physical  protection  and  also 
serves  as  an  over-all  seal  for  the  cable  unit. 

Cables  covered  with  these  resins  play  vital  roles  on  ships, 
in  communications,  sub-stations,  switchboards,  instruments, 
motor  leads,  controls,  machine  tools  and  low  tension  cir- 
cuits, and  for  mobile  telephone  equipment,  small  diameter 
building  wire,  blasting  wire  and  electrical  tubing.  (One 
battleship  requires  1700  miles  of  wire  and  cable!) 

Some  properties  of  these  vinyl  copolymer  resins  are  ex- 
ceptional; for  example,  from  the  insulation  resistance  stand- 
point, they  actually  increase  slightly  in  value  upon  long- 
time aging  in  water.  Because  they  are  thermoplastic,  it  is 
not  necessary  to  vulcanize  or  cure  them  to  produce  finished 
articles.  Their  safe  operating  range  is  wide;  some  types 
remain  flexible  at  —50°  F  and  tack- free  at  200°  F.  These 
plastics  are  supplied  as  molding  and  extrusion  compounds, 
as  flexible  sheeting  and  film,  and  may  be  processed  into 
compounds  for  calendering  on  to  cloth. 


110 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Characteristics  of  "Vinylite" 

nsulation  Compounds 

VE  5900 

VE  5901 

VE  5904 

Property 

Series 

Series 

Series 

Color 

Black 

Black 

B  -   . 

Specific  gravity  (25°  C) 

1.30 

1.32  ... 

1.22 

Tensile  strength  (25*  C.  p»i)   . 

..2400 

3000 

1500 

Elongation  at  break  (25°  C.  %) 

250 

200 

250 

Low  temperature  "He«  Test"    (0.040" 

thick  teit  specimen.  °C)     

—20 

..    —10 

—45 

Xaiimum    continuous   operating   tem- 

perature   without    fibrous    covering 

CC). 

70 

.  .    60 

.       70 

Maximum    continuous   operating   tem- 

perature with  fibrous  covering  |°C) 

80 

70 

80 

Flam*  resistance    (A.S.T.M.    0-568-40 

Zero 

Zero 

Zero 

T)                                       

burning 

burning 

burning 

Insulation     resistance     constant      (K) 

(15.5*  C—  1000'  length)  

540 

.4800 

7 

Dielectric  strength  (25*  C.  v  per  mil. 

short  time  method) 

0.025"  thick 

900 

1100 

1100 

0.125"  thick 

300 

350 

330 

Dielectric   power  factor    (1000  cycles 

per  sec) 

15.5'   C 

0.128 

..O.I  10 

0.080 

70'  C 

.  0.048 

0.051 

0.500+ 

Dielectric   constant    (1000  cycles   per 

sec) 

I5.S-   C 

..5.7 

.  4.5 

6.3 

70*  C 

...10.4 

8.3 

10.5 

While  vinyl  copolymer  resins  will  char  in  direct  con- 
tact with  flame,  they  will  not  support  combustion,  thus  will 
not  initiate  flame  nor  conduct  it  from  one  part  of  a  ship 
to  another.  They  will  not  become  mildewed  nor  support 
the  growth  of  fungi ;  and  have  high  resistance  to  the  attack 
of  most  acids  and  alkalis,  alcohol,  gasoline,  greases,  oils 
1  and  salt  water. 

For  applications  requiring  continued  flexing,  the  fatigue 
resistance  of  vinyls  is  particularly  valuable.  One  test  for 
this  incorporates  the  essential  features  of  the  ASTM 
De  Mattia  flexing  machine  used  on  rubber  (D-430-3ST). 
The  setup  involving  a  fold-flex  at  0.045"  radius  at  the 
crease  was  used  in  one  test,  with  a  test  specimen  0.040"  X 
2.5"  X  5"  flexed  115  cycles  per  minute.  When  exposed  to 
this  test  at  25°  C,  Stock  D,  a  jacketing  compound  for  port- 
able cords  or  cable,  had  a  minimum  of  2,000,000  fold-flex 
cycles  on  flexures  for  failure.  Another  jacketing,  Stock  B, 
used  on  stationary  applications,  stood  300,000  flexes,  while 
insulation  Stock  A  had  a  minimum  of  50,000. 

The  photo  inset  on  page  38  illustrates  a  typical  flexibility 
test  conducted  by  U.  S.  Testing  Co.,  Hoboken,  N.  J.  Cables 
are  fixed  around  a  wooden  mandrel,  from  which  they  are 
suspended  by  a  specified  weight.  The  chamber  is  cooled 
by  solid  carbon  dioxide  in  the  adjacent  compartment,  the 
temperature  of  which  is  controlled  thermostatically.  An 
occasional  check-up  reading  is  made  by  thermometer  in 
the  test  chamber. 

Spec/o/  Extruding  Equipment 

Vinylitc  plastics  insulation  may  be  applied  to  wire  by 
means  of  a  specially-designed  extruder.  As  the  wire  or 
cable  core  passes  through  the  machine,  the  plastics  material 
forms  itself  evenly  in  a  uniform  insulating  wall  of  the 
thickness  desired.  Kxtrusion  compounds  may  also  IK-  fab- 
ricated in  the  form  of  tubing  which  is  sl;pped  over  the  wire 
t->  serve  as  a  jacket  or  as  a  duct  into  which  the  wire  may 
^uhsi-quently  be  drawn. 

The  engineering  applications  of  the  vinyls  are  too 
numerous  to  covar  completely,  but  it  is  hoped  that  this 
article,  together  with  some  of  the  illustrations  prcsenti-d. 
will  serve  as  an  introduction  to  the  usefulness  of  these 
versatile  synthetic  resins. 


CARTER  EXTRUDED  PLASTICS 

i«  nit  'fovttA  atui  goto**  jo*  7?C«««facCt(*e>i4 

EXTRUDED  PLASTIC  STRING  •  CONTINUOUS 
PLASTIC  SHEETS  •  RINGS  •  COILS  •  TUBING 

CARTER  Extruded  Plastics  are  available  for  various  require- 
ments of  manufacturers.  In  all  basic  materials  and  a  complete 
array  of  attractive  colors  we  can  furnish  to  your  specification* 
a  wide  range  of  extruded  forms  of  all  description.  Included  are 
CARTER  Plastic  String  for  bookbinding,  telephone  cord 
wrappers,  poultry  bands  and  many  special  items.  Accurately 
extruded  to  plus  or  minus  .003  tolerance.  Complete  Jtcilitiet 
Jar  automatic  spooling  and  winding. 

Also  Plastic  Sheets  in  con- 
tinuous rolls  for  high  speed 
punch  press  operation,  in 
widths  up  to  8',  thickness** 
up  to  'V.  Other  CARTER 
extruded  plastics  include 
Rings,  Coils,  Rod,  Tubing. 
Tape  and  special  continu- 
ous shapes. 

I. el  HI  figure  on  yumr 
requirement*. 


WRITE      FO*       BUltrriN      100 


ass 


PRODUCTS    CORPORATION 

Orfchoton  OK/  Sob  *tx*Ke«  of  STtlATUM  <-</  STKIAMOIO 
6925  Carnegie  Av«        •      Cleveland  3,  Ohio 


JAM  ARY    194.-, 


PLASTICS 


111 


NAMES*  DESIGNS 
E: TRADEMARKS 


Saturating  Papers 
for  PLASTICS 

W.G.P.  furnishes  saturating  papers 
for  the  impregnation  of  thermoplastic 
and  thermo-setting  types  of  resins  in 
fluid  form  for  medium  or  high  degree 
of  absorption.  We  can  also  supply 
saturating  papers  in  100%  rag  base 
in  colors.  Manufacturers  of  leather 
substitutes  from  natural  or  synthetic 
rubber  latex  for  consumption  in  the 
luggage  and  shoe  trades  should  in- 
vestigate the  unusual  qualities  of 
saturating  papers  offered  by  W.G.P. 

Sample  sheets  and  rolls  available 
in  various  (hicinesses. 


The  Silicones 

(Continued  from  Page  44) 


Several  types  of  silicones  are  under  development  for  bond- 
ing Fiberglas  and  asbestos  textiles  to  each  other  or  to  mica. 
These  resins  are  supplied  in  solution  and  are  used  to  coat 
or  impregnate  the  product  to  be  laminated.  The  resulting 
coated  cloth  or  sheet  can  be  laminated  in  the  conventional 
press  at  temperatures  of  230  to  250°  C.  A  complete  cure 
in  the  press  requires  about  1  hr  but  the  cycle  may  be 
shortened  considerably  by  pressing  the  object  for  a  shorter 
time  and  completing  the  curing  by  baking  the  laminate  in 
an  oven  at  230  to  250°  C.  The  thermosetting  types  of  sili- 
cones so  far  developed  for  use  as  laminating  resins  go 
through  a  thermoplastic  stage  in  the  same  manner  as  con- 
ventional phenol  formaldehyde.  Silicone  resins,  however, 
convert  to  their  ultimate  heat  hardened  condition  much 
more  slowly.  In  general,  the  properties  of  the  finished 
piece  depend  to  some  extent  on  the  rate  of  the  final  cure, 
the  resin  being  generally  more  flexible  at  longer  curing 
times. 

Silicone  Liquids 

Of  the  three  classes  of  silicones  available,  we  have  so 
far  considered  the  impregnating  resins.  Fluids,  the  second 
class,  are  inert  liquids,  colorless  and  odorless,  and  the 
first  to  be  commercialized.  Prior  to  the  war  the  fluids  were 
a  chemical  curiosity ;  today  they  are  important  engineering 
materials.  For  example,  the  fluids  are  liquid  at  arctic  tem- 
peratures, stable  to  he.Tt,  neutral  in  reaction,  and  non-cor- 
rosive to  metals;  they  possess  higher  flash  points  than 
petroleum  oils  of  equal  viscosity.  Other  interesting  prop- 
erties are: 

(1)  Readily   wet    clean,    dry   glass    surfaces,    ceramics, 
and  metals,  making  them  water-repellent, 

(2)  Highly   resistant  to  oxygen  and   oxidizing  agents, 
mineral  acids  and  corrosive  salt  solutions, 

(3)  Incompatible  with  and  free  from  solvent  effect  on 
rubber,  synthetic  rubber  and  organic  plastics,  even  at  ele- 
vated temperatures, 

(4)  Insoluble  in  water  and  lower  aliphatic  alcohols ;  solu- 
ble in  most  organic  solvents, 

(5)  Non-volatile,  except  for  low  viscosity  grades ;  weight 
loss  and  vapor  pressure  negligible  up  to  400°  F, 

(6)  Low  dielectric  constant  and  power   factor  over  a 
wide  frequency  range. 

These  liquid  silicones  are  unusual  in  their  low  rate  of 
change  in  viscosity  with  temperature.  This  may  be  seen  by 
comparing  their  viscosity  temperature  curves  with  those 
of  some  petroleum  oils. 

The  viscosity  of  silicone  fluids  does  not  change  in  stor- 
age. For  example  holding  a  fluid  for  4  days  at  160°  C 
in  air,  the  rise  in  viscosity  was  less  than  5%.  Air  being 
absent,  heating  has  very  little  effect  upon  the  viscosity  at 
temperatures  up  to  250°  C. 


TABLE  3. — Electrical  Properties  of  a  Silicone  Fluid 
(25°  C  and  50%  Relative  Humidity) 


Dielectric  Constant 


Power  Factor 


Frequency  Cycles 
per  Second 


2.85 0.0001 |Q3 

2.83 0.0002 |  o« 

2.82 0.0002 10? 

2.81 0.0006 JO8 

Dielectric  strength  (v  per  mil) 250-300 

Volume  resistivity  (ohm  cms) |  X  lO14 

Specific  heat  (cal  per  gram,  0°-IOO°  C  range) 

Type  200  Fluids 0.35-0.37 

Type  500  Fluids 0.33-0.35 


112 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


TABLE  4. — Physical  Properties  of  Silicone  Fluids 
#500  Series* 


Viscosity 
Grade 

fCsfkl.        lolling  Point 
25' C)        CO         fF) 


Flash  Specific 

Point  Gravity 

Freeilng  Point       CF.  (25'  C/ 

CO         CF)      MIn  25' C) 


CoeW. 

ci.nl 

(C  X 
llefrac-  I03  Per 

tl.e         *C. 

Ind..  IS*  to 
(25' C)  100' C) 


0.45 

1.00 
1.5 
7.0 
1.0 
5.0 
10 
20 
50 
100 

•9.5  

152       . 
197    .  . 
230 
70-100 
120160 
•>200 
->200 
->750 
..>2SO       . 

...740    . 
760 

760 
760  .. 
0.5  . 
05 

.-48 
-8* 
-76 
—  84 
.-70 
70 

.....—•».... 
-123  .... 
.  .-105... 
—119 
-94 
94 

„.».  

100  .... 
160 
195 
225 
770 

0.760*  .  ... 
0.8182 
0.8516  .. 
0.8710 
0.896 
0918 

.3748  
.3822 
.3872 
.3902 
.394 
.397 
.399 
.400 
.402 
.403 

.598 
.451 
.312 
.247 
.170 
.095 
.035 
.025 
.000 
1.994 

0.5 
0.5 
0.5 
..   0.5 

-67 
-60 
-55 
—55 

-88 
—76 
-67 

.      .—67.,., 

150 
.    520 
.    540 
.600 

0.940 
0.950 
0.955 
0.966  

*  Specifications — Same  as  for  the  #200  types  except  that  volatility  limits  apply 
only  to  viscosity  grades  of  20  centistokes  upwards. 


Two  types  of  silicone  fluids  are  available,  depending  upon 
tin-  viscosity  range  and  freezing  point  required.  These  are 
No.  200  and  500.  respectively.  No.  200  has  a  wide  vis- 
cosity range  from  medium  to  very  high.  The  viscosity 
grades  available  are  shown  in  Table  6,  and  are  designated 
by  their  average  kinematic  viscosity  in  centistokes  at  25°  C. 
All  the  silicones  in  this  series  are  liquid  to  — 45°  C 
( — 50°  F),  and  volatility  as  well  as  vapor  pressure  are 
negligible  up  to  at  least  200°  C  (400°  F).  Higher  viscosi- 
ties can  be  produced  to  meet  specific  needs. 

Silicone  fluids  No.  200  are  used  as  an  impregnant  with 
asbestos  packing  and  in  gaskets  in  chemical  pumps  which 
must  function  well  in  mediums  of  mineral  acids,  corrosive 
salts,  or  alkalies.  This  series  will  not  mix  with  alcohol, 
glycol,  glycerin,  or  lubricating  oil.  It  will  mix  with 
common  organic  solvents  as  well  as  with  the  light  naphthas. 

Type  500  is  the  other  member  of  the  series,  and  is  made 
for  low  temperatures.  These  fluids  range  in  water-like 
viscosity  to  medium  viscosity,  and  remain  fluid  to  tempera- 
tures of  —55°  C  (—70°  F)  and  below.  The  very  low 
viscosity  grades  have  appreciable  vapor  pressures  at  ordi- 
nary temperatures:  higher  viscosities  have  progressively 
higher  flash  points  and  are  practically  non-volatile  from 
the  20  centistoke  grade  up.  Type  500  silicones  have  the 
same  application  as  the  200  type. 

These  interesting  new  liquids  should  be  useful  in  many 
precision  instrument  applications.  They  may  be  used  in 
contact  with  moving  parts  under  light  loads,  but  may 
cause  excessive  wear  if  the  loads  are  increased.  It  is  best 
to  test  for  each  application  since  the  metals  used  in  the 
bearing  surfaces  are  important. 

Rubber  docs  not  crack  or  swell  on  long  immersion  in 
the  silicones.  and  does  not  deteriorate  or  soften;  this  also 
applies  to  the  conventional  lacquers  and  coatings.  The 
silicone  fluids  are  used  in  the  surface  treatment  of  both 
natural  and  synthetic  rubber  to  increase  resistivity,  to  ren- 
der it  water-repellent,  and  to  reduce  the  rate  at  which  it 
hardens  when  heated  in  air. 

Such  silicones  are  useful  for  damping  fluids,  gage  and 


TABLE  5. — Physical  Properties  of  Silicone  Fluids, 
#200  Series* 

Vis-  Specific  Re-  Expansion 

eesity  Flesh     Grav-   Weight    frac-  Coefficient  Viscosity  (Cstks) 

Srade  Point.        ity         (Lb        five  (C  X  I0';  per    C) 

'Cstks,  (•  F,  (25' C/     per       Index  -25' C    25*  C  to 

fc'C)  Min)  25' C)     6al)    (25' C)  to  O'C        100    C    -«'  F  100*  F    Jll' F 


100  600        0.968      8.08 

200  615  ..    0.971 8.10 

M. 425 .._    0.972 8. 1 1 .. 

500      .     625._.   0.972 8.1 1.. 

640_... 0.973 8.12.. 


.   1  .4030  ....  0.926 

...1.4031  ..      0.92!  ...... 

.1.4032  .....  0.917    .. 

1.4033  ......  0.909  ...... 

l.40}5,_..0.900 


0.969  ______  650  _____  «...        32 

0.968          1300          160  »S 

0.966          I960     .    260    .....  135 

0.965    .....  3300-370  .....  190 

0.963  .......  6500    -   .735   ......  260 


•  Viscosity  limiti—  furniihed  within  5%  of  rated  vi»co«ity  at  25*  C.  Heat  ita- 
bility—  lest  than  5%  vijcoiity  increase  after  ?6  hr  at  160'  C.  Voletility-leti 
(Kan  2%  weight  lost  after  43  hr  at  200*  C. 


n* 


for  the  Plastics  Industry 


AooA 

is  used  by  thousands  of 
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chemical  constitution  and  in- 
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tics and  similar  materials. 


on  both  the  theory  and  tlic 
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loidal  chemistry,   it  provides  the  lat- 
est data  »n  .ill  such  materials  as  plastics,  syn- 
thetic   rubber,    adhesives,   cellulose    deri\atm>. 
synthetic  fibres,  paints,  adsorbents,  etc.  The  find- 
ings of  all  important  research  in  this  field  arc 
explained,  and  processing  techniques  described. 


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terials they  produce." 

bf  t*fU*JA—with  wide  research  and 
industrial  experience.  W.  K.  Lewis  is  Professor 
of  Chemical  Engineering  at  Massachusetts  Insti- 
tute of  Technology.  Lombard  Squires  is  Chemual 
Engineer  of  E.  L.  DuPont  de  Nemours  Co. 
Geoffrey  Broughton  is  Chemical  Engineer  of 
Eastman  Kodak  Co. 

This  book  is  a  basic  reference  work  for  your 
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P. .1.1  •-•>• 


JAM   \KV 


PLASTICS 


113 


MR.  MANUFACTURER 

Let's  talk  about  your  machining  plastics 
problems  ...  No  matter  what  type  plastic 
.  .  .  bakelite,  polystyrene,  dialectene,  cat- 
alin,  ludte,  Plexiglas — (tolerances  held 
to  .001  inch). 

Rorhco  Products  is  thriving  on  tough 
problems.  Let's  have  a  chat  about  yours. 


Rofhco  invifes  your  inquiries  .  .  .  fhe 
tougher  fhe  problem  ...  the  better  we 
/Ike  It  ...  Immediate  attention  assured. 


iRothc 


Economy  for  1945 


wise  manufacturers 
never  overlook  the  im- 
portance of  ECONOM- 
ICAL PRODUCTION. 


DIE  CUTTING 

on   sheet   plastics 

is  part  of  your  plan,  consult  us  about 
the  economy  of 

STEEL  RULE  DIES 

and   Die   Cutting 
HEAT    EMBOSSING 

is  another  of  our  services  to  the  industry. 
Economical,  Speedy,  Reliable. 


LANSKY 


194  Greene  Street,  New  York   12,  N.  Y. 
Gramercy     7-7267-8-9 


clashpot  liquids.  They  make  good  dielectrics  also,  because 
of  low  power  loss,  low  water  absorption  and  heat  stability. 
1  he  fluids  are  used  in  chlorinated  solvents  to  treat  glass 
surfaces  and  those  of  ceramics  (usually  insulating  forms) 
to  render  them  water  repellent  and  to  increase  surface 
resistivity.  Silicones  break  foams  and  prevent  their  forma- 
tion. A  very  wide  use  is  as  a  release  agent,  quite  naturally 
in  view  of  the  properties,  for  molding  organic  plastics, 
particularly  in  injection  molding. 

S/'/i'cone   Greases 

Last  but  not  least  of  the  classes  of  silicones  to  consider, 
are  the  Dow  Corning  plug  cock  greases,  which  have  a 
consistency  similar  to  vaseline  and  are  used  as  lubricating 
greases  for  lubricated  plug  cocks  and  valves  where  corro- 
sive chemicals  and  heat  play  havoc.  These  greases  do  not 
harden  or  soften  in  a  temperature  range  of  — 40°  F  to  400° 
F.  They  are  non-volatile,  have  thermal  stability,  resist  cor- 
rosive agents,  and  do  not  deteriorate  or  swell  rubber  or 
plastics.  They  are  well  adapted  for  pressure  guns. 

Using  silicone  greases,  maintenance  and  replacement 
costs  are  reduced.  A  universal  lubricant  for  chemical  plug 
cocks,  they  remove  the  need  for  keeping  a  different  grease 
for  every  type  of  chemical  service  condition. 

Dow  Corning  No.  7,  another  silicone  grease,  can  also 
be  used  as  a  die  lubricant,  but  is  difficult  to  apply  in  ex- 
tremely thin  layers.  It  is  an  excellent  release  agent,  how- 
ever, for  coating  plastics  of  all  kinds. 

This  grease  is  applied  to  the  container  surface  by  brush- 
ing or  wiping  until  all  the  surface  is  covered  with  a  thin 
coating.  It  prevents  the  cast  polymerized  plastics  from 
adhering  to  the  container  or  mold  and  permits  easy 
release.  Certain  styrene  electrical  potting  compounds  have 
been  found  to  attack  copper  surfaces.  Greasing  the  copper 
surface  first  with  this  silicone  compound  prevents  dis- 
coloration. 

This  silicone  grease  has  been  found  useful  also  around 
injection  molding  and  extruding  machines  in  preventing 
carbonizing  plastics  from  seizing  threaded  parts.  For 
example,  the  injection  nozzle  is  often  extremely  difficult  to 
remove  from  the  heating  cylinder  because  plastics  have 
been  forced  into  the  threads  and  gradually  decomposed 
there  by  heat.  Overheated  plastics  which  are  partially 
broken  down  generally  adhere  tenaciously  to  metals.  Oper- 
ators of  injection  molding  machines  report  that  application 
of  the  silicone  grease  to  the  threads  prevents  the  plastics 
from  causing  seizure  and  permits  easy  removal  of  the 
nozzle  without  causing  a  shutdown  in  machine  operation. 
All  classes  of  the  silicones  are  today  in  use.  In  many 
applications  the  resins  are  proving  their  usefulness.  A 
mining  locomotive,  which  due  to  operation  in  a  difficult 
location  had  frequently  failed,  was  rewound  with  the  new 
high  temperature  silicone  resin  insulation.  It  has  operated, 
to  date,  more  than  a  year  without  trouble.  In  the  transporta- 
tion field,  street  car  and  trolley  coach  motors  have  been 
made  with  silicone  insulation ;  under  vigorous  tests  at 
high  temperatures,  they  have  given  considerably  increased 
output. 

Exhaustive  tests  were  made  on  a  250  kva,  440  v  gen- 
erator with  this  newest  insulation.  After  approximately 
3000  hr  at  482°  F  operating  temperature,  the  insulation  still 
was  in  excellent  condition.  According  to  the  best  available 
methods  of  interpreting  accelerated  life  tests,  engineers 
reported,  this  should  mean  400  years  of  operation  at  the 
normal  266"  F  temperature  which  the  machine  operates  at. 
The  National  Electric  Coil  Co.,  Columbus,  O.,  manu- 
facturer of  silicone-treated  and  -bonded  Mica-Glas  insula- 
tion in  sheet  and  tape  form,  as  well  as  electrical  windings 
for  rotating  machinery  (silicone-treated  throughout)  has 
many  silicone-treated  windings  in  operation  at  this  time 


114 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


on  various  classes  of  apparatus  in  an  endeavor  to  obtain  i 
actual  field  operating  experience.  Tests  indicate  the  sili- 
c. iiu-s  have  definite  advantages  and  are  one  of  the  greatest 
steps  forward  in  improving  operating  temperatures  of  elec- 
trical machines  since  the  introduction  of  Class  B  insulation. 
The  film  of  silicone  varnish,  for  example,  remains  intact 
long  after  the  film  on  conventional  varnishes  has  burned 
out.  This  company  points  out,  however,  the  necessity 
(when  using  these  resins)  of  designing  the  end  product 
from  the  copper  out  to  especially  accommodate  the  unusual 
properties  of  the  silicones — bearing  in  mind  that  the  ulti- 
mate objective  is  to  provide  a  high  heat-resisting  winding. 

Development  of  a  new  "silicone  rubber"  ami  its  use  in 
certain  military  installations  have  been  disclosed  by  the 
War  Department.  One  of  these  uses  is  as  a  gasket  for 
P.  J1'  superchargers  operating  at  extremely  high  tempera- 
tures, and  in  supporting  the  lenses  of  Navy  searchlights 
which  must  withstand  vibrations  from  gunfire  as  well  as 
extreme  heat  from  the  arc  supplying  the  illumination. 

It  is  not  at  present  suitable  for  tires  and  other  uses  where 
high  tensile  strength  is  a  requisite.  Considering  the  high 
heat  resistance  of  this  material,  silicone  rubl>er  rolls  should 
provide  an  advantage  over  natural  or  other  types  of  rubber 
rolls  in  the  printing  industry,  where  hot  melt  inks  are  used. 

The  silicones  have  thus  opened  a  new  door  of  progress 
to  the  industrial  world.  END 


W«  •!*  lniM>l<sl  to  Shaller  L.  Bats,  director  of  re»t*rrh.  inJ  T.  A.  Kiuppl.  maiuKrr. 
product  cnilntcrini.  IVxr  Corning  Corp..  for  much  of  Hit  Information  tMUlMd  In  llil- 
•rllrlr.  for  the  Hurl  on  pue  44.  «nrt  for  ill  phototriphi  in. I  ubln. 


Name  Plates 

(Continued  from  Page  46) 


There  are  several  different  methods  employed  in  the 
production  of  name  and  instruction  plates,  depending  on 
the  application  to  which  they  are  to  be  put.  hut  the  most 
widely  used  are  the  laminated  and  the  transparent  con- 
struction methods.  In  laminated  construction  the  numerals, 
calibrations  or  copy  is  printed  or  silk-screened  on  opaque- 
plastic  with  transparent  plastics  laminated  over  the  surface. 
The  printing,  being  sandwiched  between  two  thicknesses 
of  plastics  is  completely  protected  from  wear.  This  process 
is  advisable  where  the  application  involves  contact  with 
oil,  liquids,  acids  or  unusual  weather  conditions.  The 
transparent  construction  is  a  s:mpler  technique,  for  here 

Physical  Characteristics  of  Name  Plate  Plastics 


Vinyl 
Co  polymer* 

Cellulose 
Acetate 

.     140-150  

180 

combustion 

Slow  burning 
Slight  shrinkage 

Effect  of  sunlight 

Resistance  to: 
Moisture. 
Weak  acids 
Stronq    mineral    acids 
Weak  alkalies 
Stronq   alkalies     . 
Alcohols 
Ketones   ... 
Esters 

Darkens  on  prolonged 
intense  exposure 

.      E.cellent 
Excellent 
Excellent 
.Excellent 
Excellent 
Excellent 
Dissolves 
Dissolves 

Practically  none 

Slight  shrinkage 
Fair 
Decomposes 
Slight 
Decomposes 
Softens 
Dissolves 
Softens 

Aromatic  hydrocarbons 
Aliphatic  hydrocarbons 
Animal   oils 

Swells 
Excellent 
.     ..Excellent 

Excellent 
Excellent 
Excellent 

Vegetable  oils 
Mineral  oils 
Tensile  strength  (psi) 

Excellent 
Excellent 
.8000-10.000 

Excellent 
Excellent 
60008000 

T  DIE  CAST  AND  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 
A  coMnirr 

MANUFACTVHlMa  UtVICl 

DESIGNERS 

INJECTION  MOLDERS 

DIE  CASTERS 


11130  8.  MAIN  IT. 


LOB  ANGELES  I.  CALff. 


UTAH  PLASTIC  fc  DIE  CAST  CO.,  INC. 

StnVlClNG  TBl 
1NTERMOUNTA1N  AREA 

INJECTION  MOULDING 

DIE  CASTING-DESIGNING 

A  Complete  Manufacturing  Service 
113  EAST  FIRST  SOOTH       SALT  LAKE  CITY  1.  UTAH 


Accuracy! 


In  Tools 


CARBIDE  TIPPED 

Taper  or  straight  shank  engraving  cutters 
made  to  order  —  up  to  5/8  mcn  di°m«'«r- 
Single  and  double  lip  end  mills,  used  for 
engraving  cutter  or  regular  end  mill,  also 
made  to  order.  Milling  cutters  and  saws 
made  up  to  14  inches  diameter.  Also  coun- 
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ft/o*  WotUt  0»tLf! 

FRED   M.  VELEPEC   CO. 

71-11  64th  Street  Glendale,  I.  I. 


'Rigid  Sheeting. 


JVM'ARY    1945 


P  L  A  S  T  I  (.  S 


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NORTH  AMERICAN  ELECTRIC  LAMP  CO. 

1004  Tyler   Street  St.  Leulf  6,   Missouri 


WE  BUY: 

THERMOPLASTICS  SCRAP 
IN  ANY  FORM: 

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>  >  Pol  y  sty  r«  n« 

»  Methyl  Methaorylit. 

»  Poly  vinyl  Rtsln 

We  separate  mixtures  of  any  kind.    We  remove 
steel  and  all  other  metali. 

We  rework  and  plasticize  your  thermoplastics  ma- 
terials into  a  good  molding  powder. 

We  sell  reconditioned  scrap. 

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P/ostici    Materials 

44  Hewes  St.  Brooklyn  11,  N.  Y. 

Telephone:   EVergreen  7-3887 

Cablet  Chemprod 


the  copy  is  merely  printed  on  the  underside  of  the  trans- 
parent plastics.  When  the  name  plate  is  later  attached 
to  the  product,  the  printing  is  protected  by  the  full  thick- 
ness of  the  transparent  plastics  material. 

The  variety  of  uses  to  which  plastics  have  been  put, 
particularly  during  these  last  3  years,  are  almost  unlimited 
Some  of  these  applications  will  be  greatly  expanded  and 
many  new  uses  will  rapidly  be  developed  when  peace  conies 
and  post-war  plans  go  into  production. 

Because  they  have  proven  their  value  in  replacing  other 
materials  during  war  time  shortages,  plastics  name  plates 
have  assured  themselves  of  greater  and  more  diversified 
uses  for  the  future  whenever  attractive  color,  clear  cut 
appearance  and  durability  are  demanded.  END 


Plastics  Hide  the  Bails 

(Continued  from  page  50) 


i 
f 


carrying  capacity  could  be  increased  and  actual  weight  of 
the  vehicle  decreased,  thereby  allowing  for  a  greater  "pay- 
load."  The  capacity  was  increased  by  40  cu.  ft.  with  a 
6242  Ib.  saving  in  tare  u'eight,  approximately  a  20%  re- 
duction in  total  weight  over  the  old-style  transport  van. 

By  using  reinforced  laminated  plastic  paper  panels 
in  the  sides,  ends  and  roof  it  was  possible  to  make  a  reduc- 
tion of  75%  in  weight  over  the  steel  panels  formerly  used. 
The  color  of  the  coach  is  black,  impregnated  in  the  ma- 
terial itself,  thereby  making  ordinary  painting  unnecessary. 
It  is  possible  to  have  any  desired  color,  which  is  perma- 
nently resistant  to  damage  by  acid,  atmospheric  conditions 
or  cleaning  compounds  due  to  the  incorporation  of  the  col- 
oring in  the  plastic  material  itself. 

The  car  is  of  the  type  suitable  for  use  as  the  prototype 
of  any  future  design  incorporating  radical  changes  in  form 
or  construction.  Taken  into  consideration  at  the  time  of 
designing  the  new  4-wheeled,  long-wheel-base  vehicle  were 
the  following  points : 

(1)  Reduced  weight  was  to  be  kept  consistent  with 
strength;  (2)  avoidance  of  sudden  shock  to  passengers  or 
goods;  (3)  new  materials,  such  as  plastics,  to  be  used 
where  suitable;  (4)  advantage  to  be  taken  of  the  latest 
methods  of  fabrication:  and  (5)  maintenance  cost  not  to  be 
increased. 

How  the  advancement  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics 
played  such  a  big  part  in  this  experiment  is  quite  obvious. 
After  engineers  found  that  light  weight  paper-base  plastic 
material  (llJ/2  oz  psf)  could  be  employed  in  the  main  body 
construction,  a  saving  in  other  parts  of  the  vehicle  also 
appeared  possible.  However,  the  question  of  brittleness 
and  unknown  behavior  of  plastics  under  the  stress  of  rail- 
way conditions  presented  difficult  problems  in  design. 

This  was  surmounted  by  employing  a  lighter  type  of 
steel  channel  section  made  from  cold-rolled  12-gage  steel 
stripping.  A  revolutionary  spring-cushioning  device  was 
introduced  that  would  separate  the  body  from  the  main 
frame,  making  possible  a  great  reduction  in  the  amount  of 
shock  relayed  to  the  load  and  body. 

A  recently  developed  plastic  of  patented  design,  incor- 
porating wot'en  high-tensile  steel  wire  and  cotton  as  rein- 
forcement, was  adopted  for  the  body  material.  The  body, 
however,  necessarily  had  to  be  built  in  accordance  with 
specifications  that  met  with  the  availability  of  the  plastic 
press  equipment,  which  was  limited  to  the  production  of 
sheets  of  panelling  measuring  only  6'  6"  by  3'  3". 

An  idea  of  the  actual  total  savings  made  may  be  realized 
from  the  fact  that  the  old  type  car  of  the  same  class  weighs 
13  tons  compared  to  the  tare  weight  of  the  experimental 
unit  which  is  only  10  tuns  4  i-\vt. ;  a  net  reduction  of  2  tons 


116 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


16  cwt.  (6272  Ibs  in  U.  S.  standards  of  weight).  The 
cubic  capacity  of  the  new  type  experimental  unit  is  1848  cu 
ft,  an  increase  of  40  cu  ft  over  the  1808  cu  ft  available  in 
the  old  type. 

The  low  weight,  high  tensile  strength  of  the  new  lam- 
inated panels  made  possible  to  a  great  extent  this  improve- 
ment in  construction.  In  fact,  the  application  of  the  ma- 
terial, as  well  as  the  reinforcing  element  itself  has  attracted 
widespread  interest  among  aviation  engineers  who  feel  it 
highly  probable  that  it  might  be  adopted  in  future  post-war 
plans  for  commercial  aircraft  construction.  The  fini>he<l 
material  could  be  sandwiched  in  between  wood  veneers  for 
flooring  and  it  is  possible  that  the  reinforcing  agent  itself 
might  be  also  used  for  more  important  structural  compo- 
nents. 

Other  post-war  applications  for  which  it  is  being  consid- 
ered include  pre- fabricated  houses,  bungalows,  portable 
buildings,  flooring,  paneling,  furniture,  console  radio  cab- 
inets, trunks  and  suitcases,  boot  and  shoe  manufacture, 
armor  and  reinforcing  for  hosepiping,  and  limitless  allied 
equipment. 

An  outstanding  characteristic  of  the  material,  aside  from 
its  permanent  color  impregnation,  is  that  it  is  non-inflam- 
mable. A  completely  fire-proof  laminated  reinforced 
plastic  has  been  achieved,  and  important  British  plastics 
firms  have  completed  a  considerable  amount  of  successful 
experimental  work  on  it. 

The  armored  reinforcing  method  as  developed  by  Rein- 
forced Plastics  Ltd.  and  applied  to  the  construction  of 
railway  coaches,  has  gone  a  long  way  in  revolutionizing 
laminated  plastics.  Woven  in  both  the  warp  and  the  weft 
of  the  material  is  fine  gage  high  tensile  steel  wires  (24  to 
the  sq  in)  which  are  interwoven  on  a  power  loom  with  the 
cotton  fabric,  forming  a  core  for  the  new  laminate. 

Common  among  the  present  laminated  materials  are  those 
with  either  a  paper,  fabric  or  wood  veneer  base.  Strength 
characteristics  of  both  paper  and  fabric,  although  most 
suitable  where  very  thin  panels  are  required,  present  a  de- 
cided advantage  due  to  brittleness.  The  new  reinforcing 
medium  is  therefore  not  only  highly  desirable  but  absolutely 
essential  for  the  successful  employment  of  this  type  of  ma- 
terial. 

It  is  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  weaving  industry 
that  an  interlocking  weave  of  high  tensile  steel  wires  with 
cotton  fabric  has  been  accomplished  in  this  type  of  fabrica- 
tion. This  has  produced  a  material  which  can  be  substi- 
tuted for  certain  metals  now  in  common  use.  The  selection 
and  arrangement  of  the  high  tensile  steel  wires  can  be 
varied  according  to  the  desired  application. 

Properties  of  New  Laminate 

The  longitudinal  and  transverse  tensile  strength  is  over 
24,000  psi,  while  the  bolt  hole  tensile  is  21,900  psi.  The 
one-ply,  steel  wire-cotton  embedded  in  the  laminated  paper 
or  fabric  has  the  specific  gravity  of  1.65  as  against  steel 
with  7.83.  The  very  high  impact  figure  of  16  ft  per  Ib 
(B.S.A.  Izod  test),  is  also  an  additional  feature  over  other 
types  of  laminated  materials. 

The  new  material  is  comparatively  light  in  weight  and 
can  conveniently  be  molded  to  practically  any  shape  where 
the  curve  is  constant  in  one  direction.  Although  the  mini- 
mum thickness  is  but  1/32",  sectionally  building  up  a  series 
of  layers  and  arranging  them  with  the  high  tensile  steel 
wires  running  diagonally,  as  well  as  at  right  angles,  will 
make  possible  practically  any  thickness  and  strength  de- 
sired. 

Extensive  tests  by  both  governmental  agencies  and  in- 
dustrial research  stations  have  proven  the  new  woven  metal 
reinforcement  far  superior  to  anything  yet  presented.  In 
one  instance  six  different  types  of  laminated  paper  ma- 
terials, after  proper  conditioning  in  known  temperatures 


Hydiaalic 

HOT.  PLATE 
PRESS 


12"X  12" 
18" X 18" 
24" X  24" 
30" X  30" 


This  general  pur- 
pose press,  avail- 
able  in  a  wide 
choice  of  combination!.  U  typical  of  many  other 
Francis  Presses  in  various  frame  construction!, 
sites,  pressure!,  speeds  and  types  ol  pumping 
units,  with  or  without  electric  or  steam  hot 
plates.  Just  tell  ui  of  your  needs. 

Also  Roller .  Coalers  for  applying  liquids  or 
semi-liquids  on  any  iheet  materials,  and  spe- 
cial steam  or  electric  heated  mixing  tanks  or 
pots.  Send  particulars  of  your  requirements. 


Machinery 

Manufacturers 

Since  1880 


CIIYS.  E.  FR.\N<:IS<:«>. 

HOKWG'OH  KWANA      .        - 


HOBALITE 

fer 

HOBBED   MOLD   DIES 

A  COOP  SINKING  IN  1935 
TODAY 

PERFECT  CAVITIES  ARE  HOBBED 

12.6.2    Deep— 10*  Me.  »  1*  D..p 


The  plastic  molding  Industry  grows  in  leaps  and 
bounds.  We  had  to  improve  Hobalite  at  that  pace.  March. 
1939,  closed  a  long  period  of  research  and  checking  under 
actual  nobbing  conditions,  proving  we  had  improved  hobobitity, 
reduced  porosity,  and  improved  reaction  to  heat  treatment. 

The  hobbed  cavities  in  Hobalite  have  that  perfect  finish 
which  gives  high  lustre  to  the  molded  part.  Properly  cote- 
hardened  and  heat  treated  it  withstands  a  pressure  of  12 
Tons  Per  Square  Inch. 

A  complete  dock  of  all  tlandard  liiet  carried 
in  our  Chicago  Warehouse  for  immedVoto 
shipment. 

IITAIUIHID  Ifll 


»e4S  W.  HAMISON   STBIIT  «  CHICAGO 

sVandi  OflfcM  ood 
111*  »•    ••€*!•«*.  C«l««^».  *Ucli.  •   14*41  M«r»« 

^4.  4.  1*4.  .  11  Jl  W. 
1*17  Nw*  THi  11  .  U   l.»i.  »-  M. 


.  IUINOIJ 


Ot»«S!  V.  Mkfc. 


Wl, 


JAMiARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


117 


CANADA 

LARGE  POST  WAR  MARKET 

Wideawake,  reliable  Canadian  sales  or' 
ganization,  having  connections  with  whole' 
sale  hardware,  chain  and  department  store 
trade,  can  accept  representation  for  addi' 
tional  factory  requiring  Canadian  factory 
agents  operating  on  commission  basis,  pro' 
viding  line  does  not  conflict  with  present 
representations. 

H.    HACKING   CO.   LTD. 

144   Water   Street 
VANCOUVER,   CANADA 

Est.  1916) 
CANADIAN    BRANCHES    FROM    COAST    TO   COAST 


IF  YOU  WANT  OUTLETS 
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or  General  Merchandising  and  Novelties 

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We  Contact  Jobbers  and  Chain  Store  and 
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<W,    Will   Carry    Our    Own   Account*    I/   Ntcaiimry) 

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ASSOCIATES 
FACTORY   REPRESENTATIVES   AND   DISTRIBUTORS 

160  N.  WELLS  ST.  CHICAGO  6.  ILL 


PRODUCT  DESIGN 

Furnishing  the  Industry  with  Original 
Styling    in    Practical    Plastic    Design 

ARTHUR  SWANSON 


540  N.  Michigan  Ave. 


and  Attnciatft 


CHICAGO  11.  ILL. 


PLASTIC  ENGINEER 

to  take  complete  charge  of  plant.  To  one  thoroughly  expe- 
rienced an  unusual  opportunity.  Applications  will  be  consid- 
ered strictly  confidential. 

Address 
P.  O.   Box  54,  Station   P,   New  York  City 


ROUTER  BITS— FORM  CUTTERS  and 
MACHINES  for  HIGH  SPEED  CON- 
TOUR and  STRAIGHT  CUTTING  PLASTICS 

Send  for  Catalog  No.  43 

EKSTROM,   CARLSON  &  CO. 

1410  Railroad  AT».  HOCKFORD,  ILL. 


and  humidity,  were  riveted  to  rigid  steel  frames  and  then 
subjected  to  extreme  wet  and  dry  conditions.  A  certain 
amount  of  buckling  was  noted  in  all  panels  after  this  pro- 
cedure. However,  the  only  panel  which  d'd  not  tear  or 
develop  cracks  along  the  rivet  lines  and  holes  upon  drying, 
was  the  panel  with  the  high  tensile  steel  wire  and  cotton 
woven  fabric  reinforcement. 

Tests  made  with  a  series  of  riveted  joints  on  similar 
materials  resulted  in  the  new  material  revealing  a  strength 
that  might  reasonably  be  expected  from  joints  made  of 
duraluminum  of  the  same  weight  per  sq  ft.  Sufficient  duc- 
tility is  imparted  to  the  paneling  by  the  steel-cotton  rein- 
forcement to  make  it  practically  impervious  to  shattering 
and  complete  disruption  through  impact.  This  type  of 
core  in  laminated  materials  has  also  the  added  advantage 
of  being  unaffected  by  humidity  and  will  neither  shrink 
nor  swell. 

Panels  of  such  material  consequently  can  be  expected  to 
withstand  all  kinds  of  weather  without  warping  or  buckling 
and,  if  correct  bonding  technique  is  employed,  laminates 
with  this  reinforcement  are  not  likely  to  develop  gaps  at 
the  joints  when  assembled  nor  should  they  blister  when 
subjected  to  intense  heat.  The  high  tensile  strength,  non- 
shattering  properties  and  high  resistance  to  impact  of  this 
paper-base  plastic  laminate  should  prove  of  inestimatable 
value  for  all  types  of  structural  purposes.  END 


Plastics  as   Teaching  Aids 

(  Continued  from  J'uyc  53) 


trouble  is  experienced  in  machining  plastics  parts.  1  bread- 
cutting,  boring,  reaming,  polishing  and  practically  every 
other  machine  operation  used  on  metal  are  used  in  making 
the  methacrylate  parts.  The  most  serious  difficulty  arises 
from  the  high  thermal  expansion  and  contraction  of  the 
plastics.  Due  to  the  excessive  fluid  pressures  employed, 
once  the  plastic*  system  is  assembled,  it  must  be  operated 
at  fairly  constant  temperatures  to  avoid  leakage  or  i">—i 
ble  failure. 

To  make  the  entire  •»> stem  transparent,  the  acrylic  com- 
ponents are  joined  by  transparent  Tcnilc  II  lines.  Douglas 
engineers  have  developed  an  entirely  new  process  to  assure 
accurate  dimensions  throughout  the  length  of  the  tubing 
after  it  lias  been  formed  and  bent  to  the  desired  shape. 

This  new  process  deserves  mention  in  that  it  will  prob- 
ably find  application  in  other  phases  of  the  plastic  industry. 
The  Tcnilc  II  tubing  is  slipped  over  a  rubber  air  hose. 
then  tubing  and  hose  inserted  in  an  oven  until  the  plastics 
becomes  flexible.  The  tubing  is  then  removed  from  the 
oven,  formed,  and  clamped  in  place.  During  forming,  there 
is  a  natural  tendency  for  the  tubing  to  flatten  around  bends. 
To  overcome  this  difficulty,  compressed  air  is  admitted 
into  the  air  hose  yet  inside  the  tubing.  Uniform  expansion 
of  the  air  hose  forces  the  tubing  to  assume  a  true  circular 
shape  throughout  its  length.  When  the  tubing  has  cooled 
and  become  rigid,  the  compressed  air  is  released  and  the 
rubber  air  hose  is  removed  from  the  newly  formed  line. 

Transparency  is  not  the  only  advantage  offered  by  plas- 
tics in  laboratory  work.  The  extreme  formability  of  some 
plastic  materials  and  the  possibility  of  building  up  complex 
parts  out  of  others  has  also  found  considerable  application. 
In  the  mock-up  of  a  new  type  airplane,  extremely  complex 
parts  are  often  required.  When  and  if  the  model  goes  into 
production,  costly  jigs  and  fixtures  become  economically 
feasible.  Prior  to  production,  however,  it  is  extremely 
convenient  to  have  a  method  of  forming  such  parts  which 
is  economical  and  at  the  same  time  convenient. 

At  Douglas,  a  wooden  form  block  is  made  conforming 


118 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Douglas  Aircraft  worker  bends  plastics  fuel  line  tubing 
by  inserting  rubber  hose  prior  to  heating  tube  and  pneu- 
matically expanding  hose  to  maintain  the  desired  shape 

to  the  contours  of  the  desired  part.  Fibcrglas  cloth  is  then 
stretclied  over  the  form  and  impregnated  with  a  low-pres- 
sure thermosetting  resin.  Successive  layers,  all  applied  in 
the  same  manner,  are  added  until  the  part  assumes  the 
required  rigidity. 

Prior  to  the  process  described  above,  it  was  common 
practice  to  use  formed  plywood  in  tile  construction  of  such 
experimental  parts.  The  laminated  Fibcrylas  cloth-plastics 
parts  proved  just  as  efficient,  however,  and  required  less 
labor  and  expense. 

Plastics  arc  also  playing  an  increasingly  important  role 
in  the  testing  laboratory  for  preliminary  tests  of  structural 
parN  to  determine  design  strength  and  weaknesses.  l'-e 
of  plastics  for  this  purpose  promises  to  eliminate  to  a  great 
extent  the  older  method  of  destructive  testing  wherein  part- 
are  destroyed  to  determine  various  design  and  Structural 
factors. 

Though  by  destructive  testing  it  is  quite  simple  to  de- 
termine the  overall  strength  of  a  part,  determination  of 
weaknesses  formerly  required  the  use  of  strain  gages.  It  is 
in  the  elimination  of  this  strain  gage  procedure  that  plas- 
tics promise  to  assume  an  increasingly  convenient  and 
important  role. 

Two  distinct  methods  are  at  present  employed  by  variwi- 
laboratories.  One  method  is  to  duplicate  the  part  in  size 
and  shape,  using  a  recently  developed  cast  phenolic  mate- 
rial available  from  the  Bakelite  C'o.  The  duplicate  plastics 
part  is  submitted  to  a  pre-calculated  tensile  or  compressivc 
load.  Under  such  a  load,  visible  stress  rings  form  in  the 
plastic  material.  Correct  interpretation  of  the  size  and 
location  of  the  stress  rings  indicate  quite  accurately  at 
wlrch  places  the  part  needs  strengthening  and  where  it 
is  strong  enough  to  withstand  the  required  load.  Such 
information  is  then  transposed  in  terms  of  a  metal  part  of 
the  same  size  and  shape. 

A  second  method,  finding  wide  favor  to  replace  the  strain 
gage  procedure  of  structural  testing,  is  use  of  a  brittle 
plastics  often  mistakenly  referred  to  as  a  brittle  ciniin,-!. 
The  plastics  employed  ill  this  process  are  either  a  vinyl- 
chloride,  vinyl-acetate,  or  phenolic  type,  without  the  nec- 
essary components  to  make  them  flexible. 

In  this  method  an  actual  part  is  employed,  painted  with 


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consult  ARROW! 

Writ!  ler 

Informative  Literature 


PASSAIC.N.J. 


How  many  of  these  calls  are  due  to  skin  irritation*  in  your 
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119 


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Box  No.  8 

c/e    PLASTICS,   540  N.   Michigan   Ave.,   Chicago   11,  III. 


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t— New  157  Ton  Bobbins  Praia.  10'  Ram.  8tt"  Stroke.  12"  Dajr- 
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MODEL  MAKER  WANTED 

Experienced  in  making  plastic  and  metal  models.  These  models 
are  made  prior  to  production  oi  injection-molded  and  metal- 
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c/e  PLASTICS,  540   N.  Michigan   Ave.,  Chicago   11,  III. 


SALES  REPRESENTATIVE 

Midwest  moulding  plant  has  an  opening  available  for  an  ag- 
gressive sales  representative.  This  position  offers  a  splendid 
opportunity  with  a  progressive,  growing  Company.  Engineering 
and  plastics  sales  background  are  necessary.  Please  give  de- 
tails in  lull  in  first  letter.  Address  Box  No.  6, 

C/e  PLASTICS,  540   N.  Michigan   Ave.,   Chicago   11,  III. 


WANTED:    TOOL    ROOM    FOREMAN 

Experienced  in  plastics,  capabl.  of  handling  men,  laying  out  and  organ- 
izing work,  and  keeping  within  established  cost  ranges.  Good  Salary  and 
•  xc.ll.nt  futur*  with  established,  progressive  and  growing  firm. 

BOX   7,  to   PIASTICS 

540   N.  MICHIGAN   AVE.,    CHICAGO    11,   ILLINOIS 


WANTED  -  MOLD   DESIGNER 

Injection  molding  plastics  concern  in  Detroit.  Michigan,  area  desires  serv 
ices  of  experienced  designer.  Unlimited  opportunities  for  advancement 
in  rapidly  expanding  plastics  division.  Stat.  experience  and  salary  re- 
quirtm.nts  In  r.ply.  Box  No.  9.  _ 

c/e  PLASTICS,  540  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago  11,  III. 


a  thin  coating  of  the  plastics.  When  the  part  is  subjected 
to  sufficient  tensile  or  compressive  load  to  deform  it  in  any 
manner,  the  brittle  plastics  coating  checks  or  cracks,  thus 
revealing  the  weaker  portions  of  the  part  that  must  be 
made  stronger.  The  plastics  coating  is  so  brittle  that  a 
deformation  of  but  a  few  ten-thousandths  of  an  inch  will 
cause  it  to  rupture. 

Plastics  have  found  other  less  spectacular  but  none-the- 
less  important  uses  in  laboratory  work.  The  mounting  of 
metallurgical  specimens  in  a  thermosetting  resin  is  one 
such  use.  The  specimen  is  cut  and  rough-ground,  then 
placed  face  downward  in  a  mold  of  the  desired  size. 
Enough  catalytic  agent  is  added  to  the  resin  to  assure 
quick-setting  properties,  then  the  mold  is  filled  with  the 
prepared  plastics  and  placed  in  an  oven.  At  the  proper 
temperature  (approximately  225°  F),  the  resin  will  "set" 
or  harden  within  an  hour.  The  resin  offers  no  obstruction 
to  subsequent  polishing  of  the  specimen. 

Clear  cast  phenolics  have  come  into  wide  use  for  the 
manufacture  of  laboratory  apparatus  to  be  used  with  the 
strongly  corrosive  hydrofluoric  acid.  This  acid  will  attack 
glass  rapidly.  Cast  phenolic  material  is  not  affected,  how- 
ever, and  may  be  used  time  and  again  with  the  strongest 
hydrofluoric  solutions  without  harm. 

In  conclusion  it  may  be  confidently  stated  that  plastics 
are  rapidly  assuming  wide  and  important  use  in  all  types 
of  educational  and  research  work.  The  variety  of  mate- 
rials available,  each  with  specific  chemical  and  physical 
properties,  needs  only  the  addition  of  human  ingenuity 
to  adapt  them  to  many  more  useful  and  time-saving  chores. 

END 


Radio  Frequency  Preheating 

(Continued  from  Page  58) 

a    Defiance   preformer   which   is   illustrated   in    Fig.   8. 

The  first  application  of  dielectric  preheating  to  phenolic 
material  was  a  casting  which  required  770  gm  of  Bakelitc 
6102.  We  use  a  single  preform  6"  in  diameter  and  Ij4" 
thick.  In  this  casting  there  are  104  square  holes  whicli 
run  through  the  casting,  which  is  I'/i"  thick.  These  holes 
must  be  within  — .000"  +.002"  on  the  .125"  square  dimen- 
sion, as  well  as  to  be  straight  and  square  to  the  face.  Also 
they  must  be  located  one  with  any  other  within  tolerance 
of  —  .01  min  on  13°  centers.  This  was  almost  an  im- 
possibility even  with  transfer  material,  as  a  blister  or 
slight  bend  in  one  core  pin  would  reject  the  casting.  The 
cure  on  this  piece  was  reduced  from  12  to  3^>  min. 

We  used  a  single  unit  transfer  mold  to  produce  an  18- 
cylinder  Scintilla  distributor  head  of  Melmac  592.  There 
are  26  inserts  in  this  piece  and  19  side  holes  are  formed 
by  removable  cores.  As  originally  set  up,  the  molding 
charge  was  powder  and  it  was  preheated  in  the  rotary  oven 
shown  earlier  (Fig.  2),  for  25  min  at  185°  F.  Mold  clos- 
ing time  was  2  min  and  cure  25  min.  With  heatronics 
applied  to  a  single  1160-gm  preform,  preheating  time  is 
55  sec,  close  5-10  sec  and  cure  10  min.  The  weight  of 
charge  was  cut  from  1200  to  1160  gm  with  heatronics. 

Another  important  Melmac  casting  was  a  condenser 
housing,  requiring  a  3-way  split  cavity  (Fig.  9).  There 
are  two  cavities  to  each  of  the  six  transfer  molds.  As  in 
the  case  of  the  head  casting,  a  powder  charge  preheated 
in  a  rotary  oven  for  25  min  was  originally  used.  A  close 
time  of  1.5  min  and  cure  of  15  min  was  required. 

With  heatronics  we  have  a  1  min,  25  sec  preheat  on  a 
J-kw  unit  of  two  260  gm  pills  with  close  of  8  sec  and 
cure  of  4  min. 


120 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Another  product  which  exemplifies  gains  with  the  use 
of  heatronics  is  a  rather  large  switch  housing,  about  3" 
wide,  3!/-"  high  and  12"  long.  In  it  are  14  brass  inserts, 
top  and  bottom  side  of  mold  are  of  complicated  design. 
Our  original  method  with  the  cavity  of  mold  on  the  bottom, 
was  to  load  14  inserts  on  threaded  pins  into  the  two  forces, 
where  they  were  held  by  spring  tension.  The  material 
load,  Dures  general  -purpose  10  plas.  of  480  gm  per  cavity 
w:i^  preweighted  into  four  charges,  one  placed  in  each 
end  of  the  two  cavities.  A  3'A  min  cure  was  required. 
After  molding,  the  14  thread  plugs  were  unscrewed,  and 
the  castings  placed  on  shrink  fixtures  to  prevent  control 
warping. 

When  we  changed  to  heatronics,  the  mold  was  first 
turned  upside  down,  the  cavity  on  top.  The  pins  for 
the  14  inserts  were  made  stationary.  The  material  charge 
was  changed  to  two  235-gtn,  3j/>  "-diameter  preforms 
per  cavity.  Pills  are  preheated  60  sec  on  a  3-kw  oscillator. 
The  box  score  of  conventional  molding  vs  heatronics  is: 
Cure  31/-  min  vs  1  min,  production  per  8  hr — 96  pieces 
vs  200  pieces. 

Another  interesting  example  is  a  base  for  an  electric 
cut-out,  and  is  made  from  a  four-cavity  mold  with  two 
loose  pieces  per  cavity  and  a  removable  core  pin  in  each 
force.  This  job  had  to  be  loaded  just  right  so  as  to  fill  out 
the  ring  sections  of  the  handle  and  bolt  pin,  located  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  piece. 

With  the  conventional  method,  the  charge  for  one 
cavity,  consisting  of  six  2"  X  1"  preforms,  one  2"  ring 
pill  and  powder  of  12  plas.  Durcs,  is  placed  in  each  cavity 
with  a  volume  loader,  then  the  six  preforms  are  placed  on 
the  powder  and  the  ring  pill  placed  on  the  pin  in  the  top 
force.  After  curing  6  min  and  cooling  1  min,  the  piece  is 
removed  and  a  shrink  plug  inserted  into  the  bolt  pin  hole. 

In  contrast  to  this  complicated  loading,  heatronics  made 
l»»*ible  the  use  of  a  single  rectangular  pill  6"  long,  2"  wide 
and  1J<J"  thick.  The  box  score  on  this  job — conventional 
vs  heatronics:  Cure  6  min,  cool  1  min,  vs  cure  l'/i  min 
no  cool;  production  8  hr:  160  pieces  vs  332. 

Switch  Housing  Cover 

A  smaller  item  but  equally  interesting  one,  is  a  cover 
for  the  switch  housing  previously  mentioned.  Contour 
and  dimensions  are  accurate,  warpage  is  difficult  to  control. 
There  are  four  tiny  brass  inserts  .096  in  diameter  in  each 
of  the  four  corners  which  have  a  habit  of  shearing  off 
or  floating  during  pressing.  This  was  formerly  molded  by 
loading  five  2"  long  XI"  wide  Bakclile  preforms  on  the 
bottom  force,  one  directly  on  top  of  each  insert  and  one  in 
the  center,  like  a  fire-spot  in  a  deck  of  cards.  The  pre- 
forms were  all  oven  preheated  for  8  min  and  the  casting 
cured  for  2'/i  min.  They  were  then  placed  on  shrink  fix- 
tures after  removal  from  mold. 

With  heatronics  we  use  one  pill  per  cavity  6"  long 
and  2"  wide  of  1 10  gm.  The  load  of  four  pills  is  handled 
by  a  3-kw  oscillator  in  40  sec,  casting  cures  out  in  1  min, 
while  production  rose  from  200  to  450  pieces  in  8  hr.  The 
matter  of  floating  inserts  is  almost  unheard  of  and  warpage 
troubles  are  now  materially  reduced. 

In  conclusion,  after  18  months  of  production  experience, 
we  have  this  word  of  caution  to  offer  the  molding  in- 
dustry. Clearly,  though  heatronics  is  still  in  the  develop- 
ment stage,  it  is  in  a  sense  revolutionary,  and  it  symbolizes 
iu-t  how  research  and  development  can  materially  change 
the  course  of  our  processes  and  our  business.  To  perpetuate 
a  sound  industry,  we  must  apply  such  advantages  as  this 
not  merely  as  a  competitive  tool,  but  primarily  to  further 
our  researches,  develop  our  efficiency  and  improve  our 
products.  END 


NO  WONDER  THEY'RE  POPULAR 

GOOD 


There  are  many  reasons  why  Famco  Foot  Presses  arc 
popular.  They  are  the  inexpensive  solution  to  light 
forming,  stamping  and  punching  jobs.  They  offer 
mass  production  speed  without  power  cost.  They 
are  easily  operated  by  women  or  girls.  Famco  Foot 
Presses  are  ruggedly  built  in  10  models,  for  bench 
and  floor  mounting.  Let  Famco  engineers  help  select 
the  proper  machines.  Write  today  for  catalog. 


\ 


POWERFUL  PRESSES  THAT  NEED  NO  POWER 

Famco  Arbor  Pr«»*t,  In  Famco    Foot    r*ow*r*d 

32    mod»lt,    bench  and  Squaring    Shoon,    In 

floor  mounting,  will  dV  flv«    iii«i    (cutting 

liv.r     up    to     15    tont  widths.    22*   to   52") 

prcitur*  .  .  .  r«quir«  no  will     cut     up     to     18 

•  Uctric    pow*f.  gauge    mild   t***l. 


FAMCO   MACHINE   CO.        1325    18»h   ST.,   RACINI,   WISCONSIN 


I  am  co 


ARBOR     PRESSIS 
FOOT    PRESSIS 
SQUARING    SHIAIS 


PRECISION  IN  PLASTICS 

• 

COMPRESSION 
AND    INJECTION 

MOLDING 

• 

CUSTOM 

FABRICATION 

• 

Stock  Items  for  Domestic  and 
Export  Markets 

• 

Write   for   Information   to 

Hubbell  &  Miller 

T.I.  EDGECOMBE  4  M10 

1828  AMSTERDAM  AVE..  N.  Y.  CITY 


JVM   \KY    194.> 


PLASTICS 


121 


(Addressed  to)  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 
MANUFACTURERS  AND  PLASTIC 
COMPOUND  CREATORS 

•  Our  organization  will  undertake  to  enter  your  prod- 
ucts in  the  South  American  market  as  your  exclu- 
sive representatives.  Experience  and  inquiry  indi- 
cate our  specialization  in  this  field  and  market. 

(Will  carry  own  accounts  if  necessary) 
INDUSTRIAL  ASSOCIATES  FOR   FOREIGN  TRADE,  INC. 

Factory   Representatives 
261   Broadway  New  York  7,  N.  Y. 


WANTED 

BY  LARGE  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 
NOW  ENGAGED  IN  100%  WAR  WORK 

8  Ounce  Reed  Prentice  Automatic  Hydraulic  Injec- 
tion Molding  Machines,  or  equivalent.  Will  consider 
one  or  more  machines.  Can  be  slightly  smaller  or 
larger. 

WILL   CONSIDER    A   COMPLETE    PLASTIC    PLANT 
Box  Number  10, 

C/o     PLASTICS,    540   N.  Michigan   Ave.,   Chicago   11,  III. 


L.  H.  BATTALEN 

DESIGN.  MECH.  ENG. 

FORMERLY  WITH  MASTER  TOOL  &  DIE  MAKERS  INC. 

INJECTION    &    COMPRESSION    MOLDERS 

MOLD    MAKER    .    .    .    NOVELTIES    .    .    .   TOYS 

ORNAMENTAL    PLASTIC    &    METAL    SPECIALTIES 


682  Broadway.  N.  Y.  C. 


Algonquin  4-4254 


WANTED 

PLEXIGLAS   AND   LUCITE  SCRAP 


IN  LARGE  QUANTITIES 


D.  L.  LUKENS 


HARRISBURG.  PA. 


109   NORTH  STREET 


FOR 

SALE 


New,  Used  and  Rebuilt 

Hydraulic  Pre»ies,  Pumpi,  Accumulators,  etc. 

for  Plastic  &  Rubber  Industries 
Highest    Prices    Paid   for    Your    Surplus   Equipment 

UNIVERSAL  HYDRAULIC  MACHINERY  COMPANY 

285  Hudson  Street.  New  York  13.  N.  Y. 

Walker  5-5332-3 


Start 

The   NEW   YEAR 
Off   Right  - 

BUY  War  Bonds! 


Formrite    Tools 

(Continued  jrom  Page  64) 


forming  of  methyl  metliacrylate,  laminated  ethyl  cellulose, 
vinyl  acetate  and  other  plastics.  From  the  modest  begin- 
ning of  making  small  drape  forms,  we  have  manufactured 
forms  weighing  up  to  1700  Ih  for  the  vacuum  forming  of 
acrylic  sheets  8  x  6  ft.  It  would  be  best  at  this  point  to 
describe  our  procedure  in  making  a  mold  or  other  form  : 

Making  Molds 

We  set  up  the  female  templates  provided  by  the  customer 
at  their  proper  positions  on  the  surface  plate,  which  of 
course  must  be  level  to  the  degree  of  accuracy  required  by 
the  job.  The  master  model  is  then  built  up  of  plaster  to 
template  dimensions  over  a  rough  core  of  excelsior,  card- 
board, light  sheet  metal,  plywood,  etc.,  being  faired  in 
between  stations  as  the  blueprints  indicate.  Naturally, 
the  more  templates  there  are,  longitudinal  and  transverse, 
the  more  accurate  the  form  will  be. 

Several  coats  of  shellac  or  lacquer  are  applied,  prefer- 
ably sprayed  on,  to  give  a  smooth,  lustrous  surface  to  the 
female  mold,  which  is  made  by  laying  on  plaster  over  the 
model.  After  it  has  set,  the  mold  is  removed  and  corrected 
for  minute  imperfections.  The  working  surface  is  then 
given  three  or  four  coats  of  lacquer  drier,  again  preferably 
by  spraying-.  If  runs  or  bubbles  appear  after  the  lacquer 
hardens,  a  light  sanding  is  resorted  to,  after  which  another 
thin  coat  of  the  drier  is  applied. 

Finally  the  working  surface  is  coated  with  wax — car- 
nauba,  bayberry  or  any  commercial  car  or  floor  wax  and 
buffed.  The  mold  is  then  ready  for  pouring. 

Accelerator  liquid  and  Fonnritc  powder  are  weighed  out 
accurately  in  the  proper  proportions.  The  powder  is  sifted 
>liiwly  into  the  liquid  and  the  mixing  continues  until  a 
homogeneous  wet  mass  is  achieved.  In  the  last  stage  a 
vacuum  of  22-26"  is  applied  to  draw  off  air  bubbles.  This 


Properties  of  "Formrite" 


Compound 

M 


Compound 
E 


Compound 
R 


Specific  gravity  1.66 1.81 1.37 

Weight  (Ib  per  cu  ft  after  harden- 

.103.6 113.0  .85.5 


ng) 


Compressive  strength  (psi  at  70°  F)7,087  ..........  12.992  1.458 

Tensile  strength   (psi  at  70°   F)  ..........  850  ...............  1,098  ..................  409 

Modulus  of  rupture: 


3,234 
1,545... 


1,410 


0.001 
225 


440 


0.013 


45 


at  70°  F  in  open  air  ...............  2,784 

after  20  1-hr  cycles  in  live  steam 
in  autoclave  at  100  (psi)  .......      975 

Penetration   of  VV'    round    rod    at 

500  psi  pressure  applied  for   15 

min  .................................................  0.002 

Brinnell  hardness: 

Face  of  sample  ..................................  200 

Edge  of  sample  ................................  100  ..................  110  ......  no  reading 

Heat  conductivity  (Btu  per  hr,  per 

sq  ft  area,  per  °F,  per  in.  thick- 

ness)    ..........  .....................................  5.1  1  ..............  4.27  .......   .........  2.80 

Water    absorption     (boiling    water 

24  hr  —  %)  ........................................  1.5  ......  .....  .......  0.65  ....................  4.9 

Oil    absorption     (kerosene,    24    hr 

—  %)   ................................................  2.54  ....................  2.6.  ................  5.02 

Thermal  expansivity: 

Temperature  (°F)  at  which  max- 

imum expansion  is  reached  .........  248  .................  253  ..................  180 

Maximum  expansion    (in)   perft..O.OI2  0.01  I  ..............  0.002 

Expansion     after     100    cookings    in 

live    steam    at    337°    F   in    auto- 

clave at  100  psi  pressure,  in  per 

ft  of  length  ......................................  0.005  ................  0.022  ............  —.038 


122 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY   1945 


also  makes  for  a  denser  material  when  it  is  finally  cured. 
The  material  now  has  the  consistency  of  light  oil.  It  is 
strained  through  a  tine  mesh  to  eliminate  any  foreign 
matter  and  run  directly  into  the  mold.  Pouring  is  done  at 
one  point  in  a  tine  -teady  stream  to  prevent  any  possible 
occlusion  of  air. 

Cure  takes  place  at  room  temperature  without  further 
attention  in  about  8  hr,  when  the  volume  of  the  material 
i>  exactly  the  >ame  a>  when  it  wa--  poured. 

It  should  be  noted  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  make  a  master 
model  in  plaster  if  a  sample  or  pilot  model  of  the  object 
for  which  the  die  or  form  is  being  made,  is  available.  The 
piece  itself  can  then  be  used  as  the  model  around  which 
the  female  mold  is  cast. 

If  the  form  needs  supporting,  extruded  metal  lath  of  2" 
diamond  mesh  or  structural  reinforcements,  such  as  are 
n>cil  in  concrete  work,  may  be  employed.  Sometime*  pre- 
fabricated metal  structure  conforming  to  the  general  shape 
may  lie  advantageous.  In  every  case  care  must  be  taken 
10  rover  such  internal  members  with  perhaps  a  2"  th'ckness 
of  FormriU:  END 


SPI  Fall  Conference 

(Continued  from   Page  76) 


chining  of  the  sides  of  the  block  to  form  a  ledge  with 
which  to  clamp  the  mold  in  the  press  and  also  the  turning 
of  a  large  amount  of  stock  from  the  back  of  the  block  to 
form  a  locating  ring."  He  also  demonstrated  how  this 
construction  was  most  adaptable  for  the  three  methods  of 
ejection  in  current  use:  pins  held  in  an  ejector  plate, 
,-leeves  and  stripper  plates. 

A-  a  minimum  standard  size,  Mr.  Morrison  advocated  an 
8X8"  mold:  as  a  medium  size.  9  X  12  or  10  X  14;  as  the 
next  larger,  12  X  15  or  16;  with  the  fourth  standard  size 
of  maximum  length  and  width  not  feasible  to  fix  at  the 
present  time. 

A  plea  for  automatic  machinery  for  the  fabrication  of 
thermoplastic  sheets  and  containers  made  from  them  was 
cogently  advanced  by  R.  P.  Piperoux,  chief  development 
engineer.  Celanese  Corporation  of  America,  in  his  paper 
"Xew  Developments  in  the  Fabrication  of  Thermoplastic 
Sheets."  Machinery,  he  said,  has  not  kept  pace  with  the 
progress  in  materials. 

Form  New  Groups 

The  conference  witnessed  preliminary  organizational 
meetings  of  two  groups  to  supplement  the  existing  Button. 
Compression,  Extrusion,  Injection  and  Machinery  (iroups. 
The  two  new  units,  in  process  of  formation,  are  the  Fab- 
ricating and  Low  I're>sure  Groups.  The  first,  with  some 
200  fabricators  in  attendance,  elected  Roy  F.  Layton,  \.u— 
tcroid  Container  Co.,  as  acting  chairman  of  a  committee 
to  consider  the  steps  to  be  taken  towards  forming  a  per- 
manent organization.  Members  of  the  committee  are 
as  follow:-: 

C.  H.  Hunton,  Hunton  Pla^ics  Co. ;  Ted  Swedlow,  Swed- 
Inw  Aeroplastics;  A.  S.  Zimmerman,  Bakelite  Corp:  Mrs. 
Krnestine  \V.  I.evien,  Kxcel  Plastics:  H.  J.  Yeats,  Con- 
M.lidated  Molded  Products:  1.  G.  Fclsenthal,  G.  Felsenthal 
\  Sons;  M.  L.  Dinell.  Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co. 

An  equally  large  turnout  of  prospective  member:-  attended 
the  organizational  meeting  of  the  Low  Pressure  Group. 
\V.  B.  U'ilkins,  Consulting  Kngineer.  was  made  temporary 
chairman,  and  he  is  to  select  a  committee  from  the  various 
interest:-  which  have  a  stake  in  this  field.  Plans  of  this 
group  may  crystallize  at  the  next  SPI  conference.  The  new 
•ip  will  meet  again  in  Xew  York  this  month. 


AMERICAN  MOLDING  POWDER 
&  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

Manufacturers  oil 


CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
MOLDING  POWDERS 

Any  Color  -  Any  Flour 


American  Molding  Powder 
It  Chemical  Carp. 

44  Hvw«t  $tr««l 
Brooklyn    11,  N.  Y. 

T.I.:     IV.r8r..n    7-3M7 


CUSTOM 
COMPRESSION 

PLASTICS 
MOLDING 

Writ*  today  for   Quotation*   on    Your   Ri<ulr«w«nt» 

ALLMETAL  SCREW  PRODUCTS 

COMPANY 
PLASTICS  DIVISION 


80  GRAND  ST.      OFFICf       .  .          v       I 
53  CROSBY  ST.      PLANT      iMCW  TOfK 


TIL.  CANAL  6-1171 


JVM    MO 


PLASTICS 


Advertising  Index 


Advertiser 

Airtronics  Manufacturing  Co 

Allmetal  Screw  Products  Company 
American   Flange  ft   Manufactur- 
ing  Co.,   Inc 

American   Molding   Powder  ft 

Chemical   Corp 

Amos  Molded  Plastics _ 

Arrow  Plastics  Co 

Art  Plastic  Company 

Bamberger,   A.   ._ _ 

Battalen,   L.  H 

Boonton  Molding  Company 

Brilhart   Ltd.,   Arnold 

Carter  Products  Corporation 

Catalin  Corporation 

Chemical  Division,  B.  F.  Goodrich 

Company,   The 

Chicago    Molded    Products 

Corporation    

Ciba   Products  Corporation 
Cinch  Manufacturing  Corporation 

Columbian  Rope  Company 

Consolidated   Molded  Products 

Corporation    

Continental  Can  Company,  Inc.   .. 

Continental   Machines,   Inc. 

Continental  Plastics  Corp 

Curtis  Manufacturing  Company 

Design   Service  Co 

Despatch  Oven  Company 
Detroit  Mold   Engineering 

Company   

Dillon  ft  Co.,  Inc.,  W.  C. 

Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 

Dura  Plastics,   Inc 

Duro  Metal   Products  Company 

Ekstrom,  Carlson  ft  Co. 
Famco  Machine  Co. 
Federal  Telephone  ft   Radio 

Corporation    

Felsenthal   ft  Sons,   G. 

Francis   Co.,   Charles   E. 

General   Industries  Company,  The 

Gering  Products,  Inc. 

Girdler  Corporation,  The 

Hacking  Co.,  Ltd.,  H 

Hassall,   John,    Inc. 

Htnde  ft  Dauch  Paper  Company, 

The   

House  of  Plastics 
Hubbell  ft  Miller 

Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Co.,  Th«..._ 

Industrial   Associates  for  Foreign 

Trade,   Inc. 

Industrial  Equipment  Company    . 
Kearney  ft  Tracker  Products 

Corporation    

Kimberly-Clark  Corporation 


Advertising  Agency 

West-Marquis,    Inc 

Jasper,  Lynch  I   Fishel,  Inc 

Freiwald   S  Coleman,  Advertising 


Page 

75 

123 

77 

123 

.Sidener  S  Van  Riper,  Inc. 

Powerad    Company   

Industrial  Conversions,  Inc.  105 

Mi 

' ..'""" 122 

A.  J.  Slomanson  Associates,  Inc.  8 

Henri   LeMothe   Agency .        4th  Cover 

Charles  Oswald  ....III 

Walter  J.  Gallagher,  Advertising  2nd  Cover 

The  Griswold-Eshleman  Co.  7 

Almon   Brooks  Wilder,   Inc.  94 

Cory   Snow,    Inc.  88 

D.  T.  Campbell.    Inc.  77 

Barlow   Advertising   Agency,  Inc.                  S 

Walter  J.   Gallagher,   Advertising  45 

Batten,  Barton,  Durstine  ft  Osborn,  Inc...    6 

Weston-Barnett,  Inc 

Jim  Duffy   Company,  Advertising 
Oakleigh   R.   French  and  Associates 


45 

108 
100 

n 

Harold  C.  Walker  125 


Charles  M.  Gray  ft  Associates 

MacManus,  John  &  Adams,  Inc. 

.Vanguard  Advertising  .. 

.Irving  J.   Rosenbloom   Adv.  Agency 

Western   Advertising   Agency 

Marschalk  ft    Pratt  Co. 

Lieber  Advertising  Co 

Wheeler- Kight  and   Galney,    Inc. 
Fuller  S  Smith  S  Ross  Inc. 

M.  C.  Diedrich 

Roche,  Williams  ft  Cleary,  Inc. 

.Anderson,  Davis  ft  Plarte,  Inc. 

Howard  Swink  Advertising  Agency 
Charles   Oswald   ... 


The  Jay  H.  Maish  Company 


102 

106 

4? 

.  II 

n 

MB 

121 

1 

10? 

117 
10 
W 
31 

118 
...  4 

U 

107 
121 
.  3 

.122 
.120 


Klau-Van  Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 

Inc.  ..  43 

Foote,  Cone  J,   Belding 13 


Advertiser 

Kingsley  Gold  Stamping  Machine 

Co 

Kirk  Molding  Co.,  F.  J 

Krieger  Color  ft  Chemical  Co. 
Kuhn  ft  Jacob  Molding  ft  Tool  Co. 

Kun-Kasch,  Inc 

Lance  Manufacturing  Company 

Lansky  Die  Cutting  Company 

Lukens,  D.  L 

Macmillan  Company,  The 

Mack   Molding  Company 

Magnetic  Plastics  Co.,  The 

Marblette   Corporation   

Martindell  Molding  Co 

Mayfair   Molded   Products 

Metaplast  Company 

Meyercord  Co.,  The 

Minneapolis  Plastic  Company 

Molded    Products    Company 
Mosinee  Paper  Mills  Company 

National  Organ  Supply  Co 

National  Plastic  Products 

Company 

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 
North  American  Electric  Lamp  Co. 
Owens-Corning  Fiberglas 

Corporation    

Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Co. 

Plastic   Finishing  Corporation 

Precision    Plastics    Company 

Radio  Receptor  Co.,  Inc.       

Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I.,  Inc. 
Rohm  ft  Haas  Company 

Rothco   Products  

Sav-Way   Industries   .... 
Siege)  Associates,  M.  B. 
Standard   Products  Company,   The 
Stimson    AGA   Plastics 
Stokes  Machine  Co..   F.  J. 

Stricker-Brunhuber  Co.      

Swanson  ft  Associates,  Arthur 

T  Die  Cast  S  Molded  Products 
Taylor  Fibre  Company 
Tarbonis  Company,  The 
Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation 
Tinnerman   Products,    Inc. 
In-State  Plastic  Molding  Company 
United  Screw  S  Bolt  Corporation 
Universal    Hydraulic  Machinery 

Company     

Utah  Plastic  ft  Die-Cast  Co.,  Inc. 
Velepec   Co.,  Fred  M. 

Walker  Goulard  Plehn  Co. 

Western  Shade  Cloth  Company, 

The   

Worcester  Moulded  Plastics 

Company   ... 

Ziv  Steel  ft  Wire  Co. 


Advertising  Agency 


Page 


.Cory  Snow,   Inc 

.Warren  P.  Fehlman  Adv.  Co 

Eldridge-Northrup,  Inc 

.Kircher,  Lytle,  Helton  ft  Collett 


Aldridge  S  Preston,  Advertising 


Atherton  ft  Currier  Inc 

George  Homer  Martin  Advertising 

Gregory   Advertising,    Inc 

James  Perlowin  

Eldridge-Northrup,    Inc 


Sam  J.  Gallay  Advertising 

.Western    Advertising    Agency 

Addison  Lewis  ft  Associates - 

Cruttenden  S  Eger  Advertising  Agency 
.Klau-Van   Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 

Inc.    

National   Service   ... 


The  Joseph   A.   Wilner  Company  104 

Charles  Daniel  Frey,  Advertising  Agency  33 
Clifford  F.   Breeder Hi 


Fuller  ft  Smith  S  Ross  Inc. 


Jack  Strausberg   

The  Eirle  A.  Buckley  Organization 

Shappe-WIIkes  Inc 

Richard  Thorndike  

Newell-Emmett  Company  

Rothschild   Advertising    Agency 
Floret,  Phillips  S  Clark,   Inc. 

Brooke,  Smith,  French  ft  Dorrance,  Inc 

Frank  C.   Nahser,  Inc 

McLaln    Organization,    Inc 

Aldridge  ft  Preston,  Advertising 


Gray  ft  Rogers 
L.  G    Maison  ft  Company 
Fashion  Advertising  Co.,   Inc. 
The  White  Advertising  Company 

Jack  Strausberg   

Fred  W.   Mellis  Advertising 


Schacter,   Fein   ft   Lent 

The  House  of  Jay  Hayden  Twiss 


...  18 

...  51 

104 

.  87 

124 

.  15 

_  54 

114 

I? 

.118 

7» 

W 

it 

110 

JIB 

115 

.  n 

M? 

25 

...  13 

.104 

47 

122 
...115 
..115 

112 


..Hardy  Advertising  I 

_C.  Jerry  Spaulding,   Inc 3rd  Cover  I 

1 17  i 

* — • •  • '  i 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Extruders  Group  James  E.  Pierce, 
Visking  Corp.,  was  elected  chair,  Elmer  Szantay,  re- 
tiring chairman,  remains  on  the  group's  program  com- 
mittee, together  with  J.  E.  Gould  and  R.  D.  Werner. 

"Plastic  Extruding  in  England  and  the  United  States" 
was  the  subject  of  a  brief  but  pointed  paper  by  Paul  Quinn, 
consulting  engineer,  whose  firm  has  had  a  major  share  in 
the  production  of  rubber  hose  for  the  armed  forces  of  Great 
Britain. 

Resorcinof  Improves  Resins 

Development  of  a  technique  for  controlling  the  combi- 
nation of  resorcinol  with  formaldehyde  to  produce  resins 
with  superior  characteristics  was  described  by  Philip  H. 
Rhodes  of  Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Co. 

Manufactured  by  his  firm  in  the  form  of  Penacolite 
G-1124  and  G-1130,  this  new  type  of  resin  has  found  appli- 
cation in  such  vital  war  items  as  keels,  ribs  and  skegs  for 
mine  layers  and  rescue  craft,  and  a  27-ft  molded  plywood 
airborne  lifeboat,  produced  by  Higgins  Plastics  Corp. 

Until  a  relatively  short  time  ago,  resin  formation  with 
resorcinol  was  practically  impossible  to  control.  Now, 
resins  are  produced  from  it  that  are  considered  completely 
waterproof  and  non-corrosive.  Paper  and  fabric  laminates 
prepared  from  these  resins,  according  to  Mr.  Rhodes, 
possess  greater  strength  than  similar  materials  made  with 
phenol-formaldehyde.  In  grinding  wheel  applications, 
length  of  wear  and  efficiency  are  twice  that  provided  by 


adhesives,  the  resorcinol 
temperature  bonding,  al- 
greatly  accelerate  cures, 
glue  line  temperatures  of 
min  duration.  The  resins 
molded  phenolics,  methyl 
polymers  and  rubber. 


the  phenolics,  he  declared.  As 
re-ins  were  developed  for  room 
though  increased  temperatures 
Use  of  high  frequency  heating  at 
180°  F  has  resulted  in  cures  of  1 
are  used  to  bond  laminated  and 
methacrylate  resin,  Nylon,  ally! 

Other  Talks 

Among  other  addresses  given  were  "Contract  Termina- 
tion and  Adjustment"  by  Col.  E.  W.  Rawlings,  chief,  Read- 
justment Division,  AAF;  "Continuous  Injection  Molding 
and  Extrusion  of  Thermosetting  Plastics"  by  N.  J.  Rakas ; 
"Refinement  of  Product  Through  Control,"  by  H.  M.  Rich- 
ardson, consulting  engineer ;  "Standardization  of  Material 
Testing  Methods"  by  W.  A.  Evans,  Bell  Telephone  Labo- 
ratories ;  "Cast  Phenolic  Resins — Their  Properties,  Styling, 
Fabricating  and  Use"  by  A.  S.  Zimmerman,  Bakelite  Corp. ; 
"Polyethylene"  by  D.  J.  W.  Shackleton,  E.  I.  duPont  de 
Nemours  &  Co. ;  "Allocations  of  Plastics  Machinery"  by 
J.  A.  Lawson,  chief,  Equipment  Branch,  WPB ;  "The  Im- 
portance to  Industry  of  Health  and  Accident  Prevention 
Plans"  by  Floyd  Van  Atta,  National  Safety  Council.  Elmer 
E.  Mills  gave  the  report  of  the  Midwest  Section.  SPI ; 
Col.  Williard  Chevalier,  publisher  of  Business  Week,  pre- 
dicted what  would  happen  "When  Plastics  Come  Home 
from  the  Wars";  George  E.  Meyers,  Ernst  &  Ernst, 
spoke  on  job  evaluation.  END 


124 


PLASTICS 


JANUARY  1945 


Standardizing  Plastics 

(Continued  from  page  66) 


1 


Already  the  SAP.  has  requested  permission  to  include 
the  plastics  classification  in  its  handbook,  hut  the  commit- 
t,-t-  will  not  release  or  publish  the  data  until  it  is  complete. 

To  clarify  the  concepts  on  which  the  table  is  based,  cer- 
tain qualifying  statements  must  be  made.  For  example, 
it  U  not  advisable  to  use  the  figures  for  heat  distortion, 
according  to  Mr.  Rakas,  "as  an  absolute  basis  for  appli- 
cations where  heat  requirements  must  be  met,  because  other 
conditions  in  the  application  may  not  parallel  those  speci- 
fied in  the  AST.M  D648-41T  Heat  Distortion  Test,  such 
as  load,  method  and  conditions  of  molding,  and  design  of 
the  article.  Nevertheless,  this  column  of  values  is  useful 
in  pointing  out  which  grade  can  be  considered  for  heat 
distortion  temperature. 

"  \  second  column  (66  psi  fibre  stress  as  well  as  the 
present  one)  on  this  property  will  be  included,  showing 
how  the  values  compare  when  a  fibre  stress  load  is  re- 
duced  from  264  to  66  psi.  As  a  result,  both  columns  will 
provide  a  better  guide  in  using  this  classification.  It  is 
suggested  that  the  consumer  familiarize  himself  with  the 
test  conditions  in  the  ASTM  D648-41T  test  method  in 
order  to  correlate  the  heat  conditions  in  his  applications. 
In  the  final  analysis,  these  values  are  not  recommended 
when  the  plastics  article  is  under  extremely  high  heat 
for  long  periods  of  time." 

The  following  list  shows  all  the  properties  to  be  taken 
into  account  in  the  classification,  together  with  the  suffix- 
letters  which  symbolize  them : 


Property 


Suffix  Letter 


Flexural  strength   (psi,  min) 

Compressive  strength   (psi,  min) 

Modulus  of  elasticity  in  tension   (psi,  min) 

Hardness  Rockwell    (min) 

Thermal  expansion  linear  (max) 

Specific  gravity  (max) 

Power  factor   (60  cycles,  max) 

Power  factor  (I03  cycles,  max) 

Power  factor   (10°  cycles,  max) 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles,  max). 

Dielectric  constant  (I03  cycles,  max) 

Dielectric  constant  (10°  cycles,  max) 

Dielectric  strength  (short  time,  min) 
Dielectric  strength    (S/S,   min).... 

Volume  resistance    (min) 

Insulation     (min) 

Arc     (min) 

Refractive   index    (min) 
Light  transmission   (min) 

Haze    (max) 

Water  absorption    (max) 
Age  shrinkage   (max) 
Loss  of  weight  (max)     . 


..Ma 

.Mb 

...Me 

.Md 

Me 

.  Mf 

Ea 

....Eb 

.Ec 

.    Ed 

Ee 

Ef 

Eg 

Eh 

......B 

....Ej 

.  ...Ek 

Oa 

Ob 

.Oc 

..Ca 

Aa 

.    Ab 


When  new  materials  become  commercially  procurable 
and  technically  important,  they  will  be  added  simultaneously 
to  this  classification  and  to  ASTM  and  Federal  specifica- 
tinn-.  Since  the  plastics  picture  is  a  rapidly  changing  one, 
this  classification  will  he  revised  as  frequently  and  as  com- 
prehensively as  circumstances  dictate.  It  is  the  intention 
of  this  sub-committee  to  keep  the  table  up-to-date  and  of 
maximum  usefulness  to  the  industry. 

Later  on,  physical  properties  on  sub-zero  and  above-room 
temperatures  will  be  added  as  soon  as  the  information  be- 
n  mies  available.  New  plastics  and  resin  molding  powders 
will  be  also  incorporated  as  they  reach  the  commercial 
market.  This  classification  system  is  so  arranged  that  any 
new  material  can  be  incorporated  within  its  limits.  END 


PLASTIC 
PREHEAT 
OVEN 


Providciawr2Siq.lt. 
ol  loading  area 


Hat  10  roomy  drawers 
(5  on  each  end) 


Guaranteed  heat 
uniformity 


Rente:  ISO1  -  500    F. 

F.aslly  adaptable  to  your  molding 
requirements,   this  trim,  compact 
Despatch  oven  assures  an  ample 
supply  of  properly  heated  "biscuits 
or  preforms  for  feeding  two  presses 
at  the  same  time. 
Overall  sire:  3t"  x  34"  i  68".  Drawer 
dimensions:  19"  x  19"  x 1'/4".  Electric. 
Speedy  •  Accurate  •  Convenient 


jot 
BULLETIN  TODAY! 


"KRIEGR-0-DIP" 


PLASTIC 

LIQUID 
DYES 

We  are  now  producing  this 
superior  quality  PLASTIC  DYE 
for  coloring  LUCITE-PLEXI- 
6LAS  -  TEN1TE  -  CELLULOSE 
ACETATE  -  CELLOPHANE  - 
POLYSTYRENE-VINYLITE. 

EASY    TO    USE 

Dyes     In     clear     transparent 
shades,  pastel  or  deep.  Avail- 
able for  use  In  FOUR  differ- 
ent    classifications. 
KRIEGR-0-DIP 

"S"    Standard  Chem- 
ical Dye. 
"A"   For  Cellulose 

Acetate-Tenlte. 
"W"  Powder  Dye,  used 

In  Hot  Water. 
"V"  For  Polystyrene- 
Vlnyllte. 

Twelve  shades— 
all  colors  intermixable 
Eitenslvely  used  by  Plastic 
Manufacturers  and  those  In 
the  Plastic  Industry  and 
sold  throughout  the  United 
States.  For  prices  and  add- 
ed Information,  write  — 
Dept.  101 

KRIEGER   COLOR  &  CHEMICAL  CO. 

f  Hobl/.hed  Sine*  1*20 
Manufacturers  el  "KRffOft-O-DIP" 

Tel.  Hillside  7361  6531  Santa  Monica  Blvd 

Hollywood  38,  Calif. 

Member  of  the  S.P.I. 


KRIEGRODIP 


JANUARY   194.-J 


PLASTICS 


125 


i 

ELECTRONIC    HIGH    FREQUENCY    HEATING 


This  powerful  new  force  is  now  available  to 

industry  in  the   Ili*.Tmrt7roii   offering  - 

•  simplified  eontrolM 

•  economy  In  cost  and  operation 

•  gaiety  for  unskilled  pemonnel 

•  guaranteed  results 


The  TfcefeiffitJftSroii  heats,  sterilizes,  de- 
hydrates, roasts,  evaporates,  melts  and 
bonds.  New  applications  discovered  daily. 

Investigate  the  great  potentialities  of 

•  lKMriii.it  roii  internal  heat  generation 

—  heat  without  flame—  by  electronic  high 

frequency  currents.   It  is  revolutionizing 


many  manufacturing  processes,  lowering 
costs  and  making  possible  many  new  prod- 
ucts. Its  usefulness  has  been  proved  in  the 
following  general  fields  among  others  — 

Plastics  Ceramics 

Drugs  and  Chemicals  Food  Products 

Wood  Products  Textiles 

Paper  Rubber 


i.-t  m*  lit  a 

i»  your  tattorw—it*f*  SOOir 


To  learn  how  Th«*rntjf51roii  Dielectric 
High  Frequency  Heaters  can  work  for  you, 
write  or  phone,  stating  nature  of  your  ap- 
plication to  —The  Manager. . . 


l»i\  ISIOM 


RADIO   RECEPTOR  COMPAXY 


251    WKNT    Illih  STRKKT 


SINCE      1922      IN       RADIO      AND      ELECTRONICS 


PLASTICS 


PRINTED    IN  U.S.A. 

JANUARY  1945 


Throwing  a  light  on 
your  own  PLASTIC 
PROBLEM 


Flashlights  may  have  everything  to  do  with 
your  particular  plastic  problem.  These 
three  models  with  all  their  brothers  and 
sisters  run  the  full  gamut  of  thermoplastics 
and  of  our  moulding  techniques.  Are 
you  looking  for  toughness?  Do  you  need 
close  tolerances?  Are  you  concerned  over 
deep  threading,  or  a  certain  color,  or 
dielectrical  properties,  or  corrosion 
resistance,  or  proof  against  shock,  or 
closeness  of  fit  --or  even  water-tightness? 
These  are  only  a  few  of  the  demands  we 
have  had  to  meet.  Everyone  of  them  can 
be  translated  into  your  plastic  moulding 
job.  But  the  Trio  believes  firmly  that  only 
preliminary  discussions  can  disclose  the 
true  potential  use  or  limitations  of  any 
plastic  application.  We  would  like  to  start 
right  there  —  with  you. 


Moulded  for  U.  S.  Electric  Manufacturing  Corp. 


For  Custom  Injection 
Moulding  .  .  .  try  the  Trio 


8    GRAFTON    STREET 


WORCESTER      8,     MASSACHUSETTS 


IT     EAST     42nd     ST.,     NEW     YORK      IT,     N 


»«*w^ 

l/ont  let  red  tape  tie  up  your 
production.  Short-run  difficult 
parts  of  unusual  design  are  in 
line  with  our  every  day  routine. 


IN  COMPRESSION,  INJECTION,  TRANSFER 
MOLDING  and  PRECISION  FABRICATION 


H 


,r" 


CAST     RESINS 

"Cotolin". . .  the  gem  of  plastics  and  transparent 
"Prystol",  its  companion,  are  plastics'  two  most 
fascinating  and  most  exquisite  materials. 

Supported  by  excellent  mechanical,  electrical 
and  chemical  properties,  Gatalin  offers  an  unlim- 
ited range  of  translucent  and  opaque  colors  in 
effects  rivalling  the  beauty  of  minerals  and  semi- 
precious stones.  Prystal,  with  an  80%  to  90% 
light  transmission  factor,  is  available  in  water 
clear  and  in  an  impressive  range  of  transparent 
tints  and  colors. 

Both  "Catalin"  and  "Prystal"  can  be  adopted 
economically  and  fabricated  inexpensively  with- 
out recourse  to  high  price  molds  or  special 
equipment. 

By  their  past  accomplishments,  present  appli- 
cations and  future  potentials,  "Catalin"  and 
"Prystal"  stand  supreme.  Should  your  present  or 
postwar  plastic  thinking  be  concerned  with  de- 
signing and  producing  the  FINEST,  our  technical 
staff  welcomes  the  opportunity  to  assist  at  the 
thinking  table.  Inquiries  invited. 

CATALIN   CORPORATION 

ONE  PARK  AVENUE  •  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 

CAST  RESINS    •     LIQUID  DESINS 

MOLDWS  COMPOUNDS 


z. 


This  H-P-M 


MOLDING  PRESS 


is  Especially  Designed  For  Use  with 
High   Frequency  Heating   Equipment 


The  H-P-M  Electronic  press  is 
equipped  with  a  50-ton  hydraulic 
mold  clamp,  and  a  12-ton  extru- 
sion cylinder.  Thermo-setting 
molding  material,  which  has  been 
preheated  with  a  high  frequency 
unit,  is  dropped  into  the  die  sleeve 
by  the  operator.  A  center  opening 
in  the  upper  grid  provides  for 
easy  access  to  the  die  sleeve.  The 
downward  acting  plunger  forces 
the  material  into  the  closed  mold. 

The  H-P-M  All-Hydraulic  Electronic 
molding  press  is  of  universal  de- 
sign, and  can  be  used  efficiently 
for  either  electronic  or  conven- 
tional compression  molding.  All 
press  actions  are  hydraulically 
controlled.  Press  cycle  is  semi- 
automatic. Press,  pumps,  valves 
and  controls  are  all  designed  and 
built  by  H-P-M,  guaranteeing  un- 
divided responsibility  to  the  user. 
Choose  H-P-M  All-Hydraulic 
presses  for  your  production  mold- 
ing requirements.  Write  today 
for  details. 


'•Ha 

"•'••T ""  • 

' _^BV-<HOI«G  ' 


0,1    i.li.  I 


.0 


MOtO   (I  Oil  ft 


MOID    <tOUB 


THE   HYDRAULIC  PRESS   MFG.   CO. 
Mount  Gifead,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 

Branch  Offictt:  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Cleveland,  Detroit  and 
Chicago      Representative!  in  principal  oties. 


ENRICH  PLASTICS 
WITH 


plastics 


* O      N      T      E 


NTS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


VOLUME  2        NUMBER  II 


FEATURES 

Visualizing  Laminate  Applications Frederick  7..  Pearson  21 

Paper-Base  Laminates  Offer  High  Strength 

E.  C.  O.  Erickson  and  George  E.  Mackin  26 

Cutting  Die  Costs  in  Forming  Operations ....Bert  Dale  32 

Phenolics  Boost  B-25  Firepower Ken  West  34 

Color— Handle  with  Care William  Schack  36 

Know  the   Ureas 39  | 

Alkyd  Resins  Provide  Versatile,  Durable  Finishes 

Georgia  Leffingwell  and  Milton  A.  Lesser  42 

Fiberglas  Resin  Linings  for  Aircraft  Interiors 46  | 

Can  Plastics  Meet  Footwear  Needs? William  A.  Rossi  48 

How  Plastics  Improve  Machine  Operation  W.  McWilliam  52 

Transfer  Process  Speeds  Molding  Cycles Frank  H.  Shaw  57 

Producing  the  Furfural   Resins John  Delmonte  60 

Designing  Pumps  for  Molding  Machinery M.  E.  Engebretson  66 

Plastics  in  the  Design  of  an  Azimuth  Indicator B.  W.  Reich  72 

High-Speed  Molding  Machine 76 

Let's  Systematize  Plastics  Tooling  Information  Forrest  C.  Tenney  78 
Progress  in  Transport  Design 

Carl  Sundberg  and   Montgomery  Ferar   82 
An  Improved  Method  for  Determining  Heat  Distortion 

Temperature A.  Eller,  E.  DiLiberti  and  D.  H.  Kallas  84 

DEPARTMENTS 

Plastics  in  Perspective 18  Association    Activities 90 

On  The  Drafting  Board 65  Industry  Highlights 92 

Plastics  At  Work 74  People    94 

Capital  Report 86  What's  New  in  Plastics? 97 

Engineering  News  Letter 88  Literature  Review 101 

Problems  in  Plastics 102 

FRONT  COVER:  Stage  in  dipping  process  by  which  synthetic  rub- 
ber is  made  to  simulate  war  wounds.  Prepared  by  Art  Plastics 
Co..  Woodside,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.,  for  the  U.  S.  Army  Medical  Corps 


I.  6.  DAVIS 
General  Manager 


WILLIAM    SCHACK 
£<ut  Coast  Editor 

DAVID  GOODMAN 

Associate  Editor 

HERMAN  R.  BOLLIN 
Art  Director 


WILLIAM  B.  ZIFF 

Publisher 


C.  R.  TI6HE 

Assistant  to  Publisher 


MICHAEL  H.  FROELICH 
Editor 

6AITHER  LITTRELL 
We»t  Coast  Eaitor 

HARRY  McCORMACK 

Technical  Editor 

H.  J.  MOR6ANROTH 
Production  Director 

6EORGE  BERNER 
Advertising  Director 


FRED  HAMLIN 

Washington  Editor 

FRANK  ROSS 
Staff  Photographer 

H.  6.  STRONG 

Circulation  Director 


COPYRIGHT   1945 

ZIFF-DAVIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Editorial  OffltM.  540  N.  Michigan  Ave..  Chleagt  II.  III. 

PLASTICS  la  published  monthly  by  Zlff.Davli  Publlihlng  Company.  540  N.  Michigan 
Avt..  Chleagt  II.  III.  Eastern  Advertising  Manager,  Jamet  Cerbone.  Empire  State 
Bldg.,  Now  York  I.  N.  Y.  Roy  E.  Under.  Midwest  Advertising  Manager,  540  N.  Mich- 
igan An..  Chicago  ll.  III.  Western  Advertising  Manager.  William  L.  Plnney,  815  S. 
HIM  St.,  Lot  Angeles  14.  Calif.  Canadian  Advertising  Representative.  Q.  1.  McGoey. 
21  King  St.,  East.  Toronto.  London  Advertising  Representative,  J.  Forecast,  Newspaper 
Representations.  Ltd.,  231-232  Strand,  London,  W.  C.  2.  Washington,  D.  C.  Office.  Int'l 
Building.  SUBSCRIPTION  RATES:  In  U.  S..  Mexico,  south  and  Central  America, 
and  U.  S.  Possessions.  12  issues,  $5.00:  24  Issues.  $8.00:  In  Canada.  12  Issues,  $5.50: 
24  Issues,  S9.00:  In  British  Empire.  12  issues.  $6.00.  All  other  foreign  countries.  12 
issues,  $8.00.  Subscribers  should  allow  two  weeks  for  change  of  address.  Address  all 
subscription  letters  to  the  Director  of  Circulation.  PLASTICS,  540  N.  Michigan  Avo., 
Chicago  II.  III.  Entered  at  Chicago.  Illinois  post  office  under  Regulation  573:  acceptance 
under  the  act  of  luiw  5.  1934;  authorized  May  12.  1944.  Contributors  should  retain  copy 
of  contributions.  All  submitted  material  must  contain  return  postage.  Contributions 
•  ill  bo  handled  with  reasonable  care,  but  this  magazine  assumes  no  responsibility  for 
their  safety.  Accepted  material  Is  subject  to  adaptations  and  revisions  to  meet  editorial 
renulrements.  Payment  covers  all  authors',  contributors'  and  contestants'  rights,  title. 
and  Interest  In  and  M  the  material  accepted  and  will  be  made  at  our  current  rates  upon 
aeeettane*.  All  phots*  and  drawings  are  considered  part  of  material  purchased. 


THE  JOHN   WESLEY  HYATT  AWARD 

FOR  THE   ADVANCEMENT   OF   PLASTICS 


AWWTJAL   AWARD,  4944 


The  John  Wesley  Hyatt  Award,  consisting  of  a  gold  medal  and  $1000,  is 
made  annually  to  the  individual  who  has  made,  in  the  opinion  of  the  judges, 
outstanding  achievement  of  wide  importance  to  the  plastics  industry. 


ENTRIES 

Any  person,  whether  he  be  a  molder,  tool- 
maker,  laboratory  technician,  executive,  or 
engaged  in  any  other  capacity,  is  eligibleto 
submit  one  or  more  entries.  There  is  no  fee 
of  any  kind.  Anyone  may  enter  or  be  en- 
tered. Statements  of  qualification  (Entry 
Blanks)  are  being  mailed  to  the  Industry. 
Additional  entry  blanks  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Committee  Secretary,  295  Mad- 
ison Avenue,  New  York. 

PREVIOUS  MEDALISTS 
1941— Dr.  Donald  S.  Frederick,   Plastics 
Division,  Rohm  &  Haas  Company,  Phila- 
delphia, for  adaptation  of  large  transparent 


colorless  sections  of  methyl-methacrylate 
to  bombers  and  other  military  aircraft. 
1942 — Mr.  Frank  Shaw,  President,  Shaw 
Insulator  Company,  Irvington,  N.  J.,  for 
development  of  the  process  for  transfer 
molding  of  thermosetting  materials. 
1943— Dr.  Stuart  D.  Douglas,  Head  of 
Plastics  Research,  Carbide  and  Carbon 
Chemicals  Corporation,  South  Charleston, 
W.Va.,  for  his  outstanding  research  work 
in  the  polymerization  of  vinyl  compounds, 
the  increased  commercial  production  of 
which,  in  1943,  made  possible  the  manu- 
facture of  warmaterials  urgently  needed  by 
the  nation  for  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 


THE     JOHN 


RICHARD  F.  BACH 
Dean  of  Education,  The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

DR.  LYMAN  J.  BRICCS 
Director,  National  Bureau  of  Standards 

DR.  KARL  T.  COMPTON 
President,  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 

VATSON  DAVIS 
Director,  Science  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. 


WESLEY     HYATT    AWARD 

70R  1944: 


DR.  CARL  S.  MARVEL 
President,  American  Chemical  Society 

CEORCE  K.  SCRIBNER 
President,  Society  of  The  Plastics  Industry,  Inc. 

DR.  STUART  D.  DOUGLAS 
Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals  Corp., Hyatt  Medalist,  1943 

Committee  Secretary: 
WILLIAM  T.  CRUSE,  295  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 


I  KMRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


^-SrS 


'S  GOLD 


7HFA1  HMft  H/L15 


Out  in  the  Pleasant 

Foothills  of  New  Jersey, 
An  Hour's  Ride 

From  the  Heart  of  New  York, 
If  you  have  the  Gas, 

Located  on  the  Main  Line 

Of  the  Lackawanna  Railroad, 
Lies  a  Molding  Plant 

That  Aims  to  be  Different, 
In  a  Better  Way. 


A  Highly  Engineered  Plant 
To  Mold  the  Materials 

of  Modern  Design  .  .  .  Plastics. 

Write  us  on  Your  Letterhead 

For  "A  Ready  Reference  to  Plastics/' 
An  Unbiased  Guide  to  a  Subject 
That  Today  is  All  Out  for  War, 
Tomorrow  will  be  Your  Best  Bet 
For  Full  and  Profitable  Operation. 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS.    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS,    OF    MOST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     •     NEW  JERSEY     •     Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 


NEW         YORK 


Chanm  Bldg.,  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N.  Y..  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


MOLDED  GOODS 


OF 


Geon 


A  few  of  the  thousands 

of  possibilities  for  these 

polyvinyl  materials 


'  •  ''HE  GEON  family  of  polyvinyl  resins  and  plastics 
JL  provided  the  raw  material  for  all  the  molded  items 
in  the  picture.  Some  were  compression  molded,  some 
injection  molded,  some  extruded.  Some  are  elastic, 
some  rigid. 

But  they  have  several  things  in  common.  For  ex- 
ample, all  the  items  were  processed  on  standard  mold- 
ing and  extruding  equipment.  Production  time  for 
all  of  them  was  fast  because  curing  time  is  eliminated 
when  GEON  is  used.  They  represent  a  broad  range  of 
color  that  is  not  available  with  most  elastic  materials. 
Each  of  them  represents  a  specific  combination  of  prop- 
erties designed  to  meet  specific  service  conditions. 


I  HtlUJARY    1945 


Doesn't  all  of  this  mean  that  one  of  the  GEONS  can 
help  you  solve  an  application  problem?  What  proper- 
ties do  you  need — and  in  what  combination?  Resistance 
to  sun,  heat,  cold,  air,  acids,  alkalies,  oils  and  greases, 
gasolines,  foods,  abrasion?  Do  you  want  your  product 
to  be  brightly  colored  or  made  in  a  delicate  pastel 
shade?  Do  you  want  a  glossy  or  dull  finish?  With  GEON 
you  can  have  these  and  many  other  unusual  properties 
in  the  right  combination  to  meet  your  needs. 

Right  now  all  the  GEONS  are  subject  to  allocation 
by  the  War  Production  Board.  Limited  quantities  may 
be  had  for  experiment.  And  our  development  staff  and 
laboratory  facilities  are  available  to  help  you  work 
out  any  special  problems  or  applications.  For  more 
complete  information  write  Department  UU-2, 
Chemical  Division,  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company,  324 
Rose  Building,  Cleveland  1  5,  Ohio. 

CHEMICAL  DIVISION 

THE  B.  F.  GOODRICH  COMPANY 

324   ROSE   BUILDING     •     CLIVILAND    13,   OHIO 

PLASTICS 


HVCON 

30OO  p.s.i- 

Hydraulic 
Power  Unit 


3  HP  Motor 

8  cylinder  Pump 

Unloading  Valve 

Accumulator  and  Reservoir 


A  small  compact 


unit  for 


machine  tools, 

hydraulic  presses 

and  test  equipment 


Quickly  and  easily  installed 
for  smooth  reliable 
hydraulic  operations 
up  to  3000  P.S.U 


THE    1VEW  YORK  AIR   BRAKE    COMPANY 

•ni#uu(&  jUfc&fa 


420  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York  17,  N.  Y.     Factories:  Water-town,  N.  Y. 

PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


For  War  Service  a  Manufacturer 
specified  this  £4<te*d£a£  Paper: 


may  need  a  paper  with  characteristics  entirely  different 
from  the  one  specified  in  the  "prescription"  shown  above  — 
but  whatever  your  requirements,  you  will  find  at  Mosinee  the 
scientific  laboratory  and  production  controls  of  ingredients  and 
processes,  plus  broad,  practical  experience,  to  assure  successful 
performance  of  the  particular  paper  you  specify. 

In  present  problems  of  war  production  involving  paper,  or  in 
plans  for  postwar  products,  The  Mills  of  Mosinee  are  qualified 
to  serve  you  well. 


Pita*  *Urtn 

four  Inter 
"Alttmlio*  Dtfl.E" 


KKItKHAKY 


PLASTICS 


in  assembly  than  the 
driving  of  thread-forming  screws;  especially  where  the  thickness  of  the 
metal  equals  or  exceeds  the  diameter  of  the  screw.  This  is  the  critical  spot 
where  CLUTCH  HEAD'S  special  features,  of  both  screw  and  driver,  chal- 
lenge point  by  point  comparison ...  for  lower  cost,  efnciency.speed.and  safety. 

Rugged  Type  "A"  Bit  construction  for  longer  uninterrupted  service  and 
longer  total  life,  plus  simplified  reconditioning,  means  fractional  tool 
maintenance  and  assembling  costs. 

Automatic  dead-center  entry  with  the  Center  Pivot  for  the  speed  and 
certainty  of  straight  driving. 

Square  instead  of  "tapered"  engagement  ...  a  srra/^/ir-sided  driver 
contacting  srra/g/if-walled  Clutch  recess  .  .  .  eliminates  ride-out  and 
reduces  end  pressure  to  a  minimum. 

Positive  engagement  for  definite  torque  drive;  no  chewed-up  heads;  no 
hazard  of  slippage  to  injure  manpower  or  damage  materials. 

The  CLUTCH  HEAD  Lock-On  which  carries  screw  and  bit  as  a  unit  for 
fast  one-motion  driving. 

And  ...  an  ordinary  type  screwdriver  will  service  CLUTCH  HEADS. 


./ 

' 


*/ 

y 


You  are  invited  to  make 
your  own  test  of  these  and 
other  exclusive  advan- 
tages by  asking  us  to  mail 


you  package  assortment 
of  CLUTCH  HEAD  Screws, 
sample  TYPE  "A"  Bit  and 
fully  illustrated  brochure. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     2.  NEW  YORK   7 


10 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY   1945 


plastic 
coated 
fabrics 


These  are  but  a  few  of  the  items  for 
which  our  plastic  coated  fabrics  and 
papers  will  be  used  after  the  war. 

There  are  many  other  applications, 
of  course,  some  of  which  are  already 
familiar  to  our  research  staff — many 
more  have  not  yet  come  to  our  at- 
tention. 

Check  your  post  war  plans.  Do  plas- 
lii  coated  fabrics  and  papers  show 
up  anywhere  in  the  picture? 


An  early  contact  with  a  reliable 
source  of  supply  will  give  you  the 
advantage  of  an  early  start  with 
many  of  the  experimental  hurdles 
behind  you. 

We  have  the  plant  facilities  and  the 
experience  to  help  you  build  a  "qual- 
ity line"  right  from  the  start.  Our 
craftsmen  were  among  the  first  to 
master  the  new  and  difficult  tech- 
nique of  applying  the  new  vinyl  res- 
ins to  fabrics  and  papers.  We  are  one 


of  the  largest  suppliers  of  these  fab- 
rics to  our  armed  forces. 

You  name  it — chances  are  we  can 
coat  it.  Your  inquiry  will  be  held  in 
strict  confidence  and  accorded  every 
possible  consideration. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC    FABRICS    DIVISION 

The  Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  22nd  &  Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Hailic    Fabric!    Civilian:     VINYL    RESIN,    PYROXYLIN    AND    OTHER    PLASTIC    COATINGS    •    PROOFED    FABRICS    AND    PAPERS    •    SIMULATED    LEATHERS 
Induitrial    Fabrict     Diviiion:     RUBBER    HOLLANDS    •    VARNISHED    SEPARATOR    CLOTH    .    BOOK    CLOTHS    •    AND    OTHER    SPECIALIZED    FABRICS 
Window    Shod*    Diviiion:       WINDOW    SHADE    CLOTH,    ROLLERS    AND    ACCESSORIES    •    CLOTH    AND    PAPER    WINDOW    SHADES 

JOANNA    TEXTILE    MILLS.    GOLDVILLE.    SOUTH    CAROLINA 


KKBHUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


11 


THE  FIRST  INDUSTRIAL 

HIGH  FREQUENCY  DIELECTRIC 

HEATING  EQUIPMENT 


YOU  DON'T  HAVE  TO  MAKE  ROOM  FOR  HIGH  FREQUENCY! 


To  those  who  hesitate  to  switch  to 
high  frequency  heating  for  fear  of 
having  to  move  or  change  press  equip- 
ment, here's  important  news:  a  new, 
compact  Thermex  unit  which  is  only 
15  inches  wide,  23  inches  high,  and 
29  inches  deep! 

In  other  words,  a  unit  which  will 
fit  in  with  the  most  compact  existing 
arrangement  of  press  equipment. 

Furthermore,  a  unit  which  gives  the 
proved  advantages  of  high  frequency 


heating  an  important  new  mass  pro- 
duction concept.  It  makes  high  fre- 
quency heating  thoroughly  practical 
for  volume  production  at  high  speed. 
This  new,  compact  Thermex  unit 
will  serve  the  majority  of  press  oper- 
ations, one  to  each  pair  of  presses, 
alternately.  It  will  raise  the  temper- 
ature of  1/3  pound  of  average  material 
170°  in  one  minute— which  means 
uniformly,  throughout  the  material. 
It  is  completely  self-contained  and 


ANOTHER 


offers  all  of  the  features  which  dis- 
tinguish larger  Thermex  equipment 
for  the  plastics  field:  (1)  completely 
automatic  operation  (2)  fully  en- 
closed heating  compartment  (3) 
roomy,  removable  work  tray  drawer 
(4)  sturdy,  simple  construction. 

Find  out  how  quickly,  conveniently, 
economically  Thermex  High  Fre- 
quency Heat  can  be  put  to  work  in 
your  production  line.  Use  this  cou- 
pon at  once  to  get  all  the  facts. 


RED  HEAD    BY  GIRDLER 


THE  GIRDLER  CORPORATION,  DEPT.  P-2,      THERMEX  DIVISION,  LOUISVILLE  1,  KY. 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  further  information  about  the  production  line  advantages  and 

applications  of  Thermex  High  Frequency  Heat. 


Firm '.- 


12 


Address 

Same Title.. 

PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PENACOLITE 


OVER 

TOKYO 

WITH  THE 

BOEING 

B-29 


PENACOLITE  plays  a  small  but  vital  part  in  our  air  war 
on  Japan—  Stressed  joints  of  PENACOLITE-  bonded  rubber 
to  methacrylate  help  insure  "safe"  delivery  of  jolts  to 
the  Japs. 


not 


PENACOLITE  G-1131 


Wood 
Compreg 
Lucite 
Rubber 


Paper 
Impreg 
Nylon 
Leather 


Fabrics 
Papreg 
Plexiglas 
Vulcanized  Fiber 


Phenolic   Laminates  and  Moldings 

and  many  other  materials 


Manufactured    exclusively    by 


PENNSYLVANIA   COAL    PRODUCTS   COMPANY 


PETROLIA 


PENNSYLVANIA 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


13 


•WAYNE,    NEW    JERSEY 


•ARLINGTON,    VERMONT 


•WATERLOO,    P.O.,    CANADA 


s^ser 

I.      adeq«°'e  i^nts     9've  ed  »° MAC 

'"e  toffed    p>anl  ,j  v,.  Odd'e4'       ,_  M,ae< 


'MOLDED 
EXCELLENCE 


iS    OFFICES:    NEW    YORK    CITY,    CHIC* 


TROIT,   INDIANAPOLIS.    BOSTON,    ST.  LOUIS 


14 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Caw  MM*  Co/n/dele 


Both  halves  of  this  high  chrome  steel  die  were  worked 
together  with  all  layout,  milling  and  drilling  opera- 
tions being  completed  in  one  set-up.  The  Milwaukee 
Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine  completed  the  job  in 
22  hours. 

Check  these  advantages  of  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head 
Milling  Machine  and  how  you  can  benefit  from  them 
in  your  own  shop: 

DIRECT  .  .  .  mills  mold  and  die  cavities  in  a  single  set-up 
without  the  aid  of  templets  or  models. 

ACCURATE  .  .  .  chances  for  error  are  eliminated  because 
there  is  no  change  in  set-up.  Exact  control  of  all  combina- 
tions of  cutting  movements — possible  only  with  this  machine 


—  transmits  mathematical  precision  to  the  work. 

FAST  .  .  .  initial  job  preparation  and  set-up  time  is  reduced 
to  the  minimum.  Accurate  performance  of  the  machine  saves 
operator's  time  and  rapid  production  of  intricate  molds  and 
dies  is  the  result. 

Write  for  Bulletin  No.  1002C  for  full  information  on  ibis 
unusual  machine  tool  and  the  Rotary  Head  method  of  milling. 


BUILDERS  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGETMILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER  •  AUTOMETRIC  JIG  BORER  •  CENTER  SCOPE. 


Kearney  &  Trecker 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee  14,  Wisconsin 

Subsidiary  of  Kearn*y  t  Trtcktr  Corporation 


Fiberglas*-  Reinforced    Plastics    Laminates 
Establish  new  II   ||f| \  in  Impact  Strength 


Make  it  stronger!  Make  it  lighter! — 
these  ever-present  aircraft  industry 
specifications  have  resulted  in  many 
improvements  and  new  materials. 

One  of  the  developments  which 
is  solving  numerous  current  prob- 
lems and  which  holds  great  future 
promise  isFiberglas-reinforced  plastics 
laminates. 

Impact  strength  from  five  to  ten 
times  that  previously  obtained  in 
laminates — is  now  available  through 
the  use  of  Fiberglas  cloth  woven  from 
fine,  strong  yarns  of  glass,  having  a 
tensile  strength  beyond  that  of  steel. 

Class  fibers  have  great  flexibility 


Ft  berg  las-rein- 
forced plastics 
sheets,  used  as  a 
protective  lining 
for  bomber  fuel 
cells,  do  not  "flow- 
er" when  the  fuel 
cell  is  struck  by  a 
bullet  or  shell 
fragment. 


and  stand'"  high  stresses  without  per- 
manent deformation. This  combination 
of  properties  gives  extremely  high  im- 


This  aircraft  air  scoop  fs  an  excellent  example 
of  a  formed  part  made  of  Fiberglas  cloth  and 
low-pressure  resins.  Larger  structural  shapes 
and  dies,  jigs  and  fixtures  are  now  being  made 
of  the  same  materials. 

pact  strength  to  laminates  reinforced 
with  Fiberglas  fabrics. 

Impact  strength,  tensile  strength 
and  other  characteristics  of  the  lami- 
nates, of  course,  vary  according  to  the 
amounts  and  type  of  Fiberglas  that  is 
used  as  well  as  the  type  of  resin  used. 
However,  experience  and  extensive 
investigations  have  proved  that  higher 
impact  strength  can  be  attained  by  the 
use  of  Fiberglas  reinforcement  than 


FIBERGLAS 


can  be  reached  when  other  reinforcing 
materials  are  used. 

Samples  and  complete  information 
on  Fiberglas  Textiles  will  be  sent  to 
you  on  request.  Owens-Corning  Fiber- 
glas Corporation  does  not  manufac- 
ture resins  or  finished  laminates  but 
will  be  glad  to  furnish  data  on  tech- 
niques in  the  use  of  Fiberglas  in  this 
' 


Fiberglas  textiles  are  made  in  weights  and 
dimensions  suitable  for  use  as  reinforcement 
in  low-pressure  plastics  laminates. 

rapidly  growing  industry.  Write: 
Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corporation, 
1881  Nicholas  Building,  Toledo  1, 
Ohio.  In  Canada,  Fiberglas  Canada 
Ltd.,  Oshatua,  Ontario. 


A    BASIC   MATERIAL 


"I.  M.  Rfg.  U.  S.  P.t.  Off. 


16 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


4 


AMPHENOL  for  tomorrow's  parts 


Starting  with  plastics  years  ago, 
back  in  their  early  stages, 
Amphenol  has  kept  pace  with 
every  step  forward  in  molding 
—  has  participated  in  the  de- 
velopment of  new  methods  and 
processes.  War's  demands 
speeded  progress.  Amphenol 
ranks  with  the  leaders  —  in  plas- 
tic production  and  in  capacity 
to  produce. 

Industry,  now  plastic-minded, 
finds  here  a  source  of  supply 


for  plastic  parts  —  particularly 
those  of  more  elaborate  design 
and  in  large  quantities.  Batteries 
of  injection  and  compression 


molding,  and  extrusion  ma- 
chines guarantee  Amphenol's 
ability  to  produce  in  any 
quantities. 


FKBRUARY   1943 


PLASTICS 


17 


""W^^B 


fit 


p 


A  VERY  pleasant  voice  was  at  the  other  end  of  the 
telephone  just  the  other  day.  She  was  asking,  in  a 
perplexed,  perhaps  even  a  perturbed,  tone,  whether  we 
couldn't  help  her  out.  She  was  "sort  of"  in  the  middle  of 
a  heated  discussion  regarding  the  correct  use  of  a  word. 
Would  we  tell  her,  please,  whether  it  was  correct  to  say 
"plastic  age"  or  "plastics '  age"  ? 

That  sort  of  put  us  in  the  middle  of  the  discussion. 
Although  we're  not  very  good  at  acting,  we  undertook 
the  role  of  Noah  Webster  without  much  hesitation,  since 
we  too  had  been  mulling  over  this  particular  point  for 
some  time.  We  were  for  "plastics  age,"  on  the  greund 
that  it  was  useful  to  make  a  distinction  between  the  syn- 
thetic materials  and  the  adjective  meaning  pliable  in  the 
physical  sense  or  impressionable  in  the  psychological  sense. 
To  us,  "The  Plastics  Age"  would  mean  the  age  of  Hyatt, 
Baekeland  et  al ;  "The  Plastic  Age,"  the  novel  by  Percy 
Marks.  That,  we  admit,  is  nothing  but  logic,  and  logic 
plays  very  little  part  in  the  evolution  of  language  (or  of 
the  human  race).  Maybe  it  would  sound  better  to  call  it 
reasoned  taste.  In  any  case,  we're  for  plastics,  adjective 
and  noun,  singular  and  plural. 

If  there  ever  was  a  need  for  standardization,  this  is  it. 
But,  it  will  take  some  real  effort  to  get  results.  And, 
we're  for  doing  whatever  we  can  to  help.  Until  some- 
thing more  definite  has  been  decided  on,  we'll  plump  for 
plastics  ! 

• 

WE'VE  been  getting  a  number  of  suggestions  and 
inquiries  from  end  users  who  want  us  plastics 
people  to  favor  them  with  some  of  our  attention.  They 
say  we  haven't  looked  at  their  industry  yet,  and  there's 
money  in  it  if  we  do.  Well,  PLASTICS  isn't  passing  up 
any  opportunities  for  the  plastics  industry,  and  we're  fol- 
lowing such  leads  to  find  out  whether  they  bring  us  all 
to  a  pot  of  gold  or  fools'  gold.  In  the  latter  case  we'll 
just  keep  mum.  If  it's  the  real  thing,  we'll  pass  on  the 
word  to  our  readers. 

• 

|UCH  has  been  said  and  written  of  late  on  the  neces- 
sity of  getting  more  information  to  the  public  about 
plastics.  We  agree  with  that,  and  we  have  put  in  our  oar 
with  other  forces  in  the  industry  striving  toward  that  end. 
Yet  despite  the  combined  efforts  of  all  of  us,  we  have  just 
learned  of  something  which  indicates  that  we  must  not 
content  ourselves  with  educating  only  the  general  public. 
There  seems  to  be  a  real  need  for  educating  the  men  in 
public  office,  and  from  what  has  happened,  it  might  be  just 
as  well  for  us  to  assume  that,  outside  the  ranks  of  the 
plastics  industry  itself,  no  one  knows  anything  about  plas- 
tics! 

We're  not  trying  to  be  superior.  Lord  knows  we'd  like 
nothing  more  than  to  have  every  schoolboy  know  his  plas- 
tics as  he  knows  his  baseball.  But  it  just  isn't  so,  and 
we're  afraid  that  the  case  of  the  Fire  Commissioner  of 
Boston  is  more  typical  of  what  conditions  actually  exist. 
And  that  is  what  set  us  off. 

In  a  publication  dated  December  15,  1944,  Fire  Com- 
missioner William  A.  Reilly  issued  one  of  his  periodic 


bulletins  known  as  "Guide  for  Inspectors."  In  this  one 
he  endeavored  to  tell  his  staff  of  the  fire  hazards  of  plas- 
tics materials.  After  reading  it,  we  felt  like  paraphrasing 
Byron's  "I  wish  he  would  explain  his  explanation."  For 
although  some  of  the  facts  are  correct,  the  bulletin  as  a 
whole  is  misleading,  chiefly  due  to  errors  of  omission. 

"Many  products  today  cannot  be  made  of  metal,"  it  be- 
gins. "To  an  increasing  extent,  plastics  are  being  used. 
Some  have  little  or  no  fire  hazard  while  others — the  py- 
roxylin plastics  group — are  extremely  dangerous  when 
stored  and  worked  in  large  quantities  in  industrial  plants." 
'^Allj. right;  we're  not  arguing  with  that  or  with  other 
comments  on  the  nature  of  the  cellulose  nitrates  and  how 
they  should  be  handled  in  case  of  fire. 

What  disturbed  us  was  the  statement  about  pyroxylin: 
"In  various  stores,  plastics  fabrics,  shoe  forms,  hosiery 
forms  and  display  racks  are  coming  into  use.  The  use  of 
these  should  be  discouraged."  (The  italics  are  ours.) 

Wouldn't  an  average  fire  inspector — of  you  and  I,  for 
that  matter,  if  we  were  not  insiders — be  justified  in 
assuming  from  this  that  all  plastics  fabrics,  shoe  forms. 
hosiery  forms  and  display  racks  are  made  of  cellulose 
nitrate  and  are  all  equally  and  violently  inflammable? 

The  bulletin  continues :  "Wherever  stores  are  observed 
handling  plastics  fabrics  such  as  aprons,  dress  material, 
pot  holders  and  other  articles  likely  to  be  exposed  to  the 
heat  of  stoves  or  accidental  contact  with  matches  or 
smokers'  articles,  .  .  .  the  hazards  involved  should  be  called 
to  the  attention  of  the  store  manager  or  owner  and  an 
effort  made  to  have  a  warning  given  to  customers  regard- 
ing the  use  of  such  material,  until  such  time  as  state  regu- 
lations make  such  warning  notices  compulsory  upon  man- 
ufacturers and  retail  sellers." 

If  the  Boston  fire  inspectors  act  on  the  basis  of  the 
information  supplied  by  their  chief,  they're  going  to  find 
their  own  faces  red  and  burning.  As  for  example,  and 
here's  another  classic  from  the  bulletin  which  not  only 
fails  to  clear  up  previous  ambiguities,  but  actually  adds 
to  the  confusion :  "Watch  out  for  plastics  articles  wher- 
ever you  see  them  and  make  sure  that  those  handling  them 
are  fully  informed  regarding  their  flammability,  and  the 
effect  of  nitro-cellulose  gas." 

There  again  is  the  implication  that  all  plastics  are  as 
flammable  as  the  nitrates,  or  even  that  all  plastics  ma- 
terials are  nitrates ! 

Commissioner  Reilly  has  not  done  his  inspectors  or  trie 
plastics  industry  a  service  in  his  ill-informed  guide.  He 
confuses  plastics  fabrics  with  synthetic  fabrics.  (Rayon 
burns,  but  it  also  seems  to  us  that  you  can  get  up  a  pretty 
good  fire  with  lace  curtains  and  dresses  made  of  natural 
fibres.)  He  ignores  the  effect  of  thickness  on  the  rate 
of  burning  of  those  materials  which  are  combustible,  as  if 
a  slab  would  go  up  in  smoke  as  readily  as  a  film.  He 
makes  no  reference  to  the  fact  that,  properly  purified  and 
formulated  with  flame-resistant  plasticizers  such  as  tri- 
cresyl  or  triphenyl  phosphate,  molded  cellulose  nitrates 
are  rendered  fairly  flame  retardant. 

From  Commissioner  Reilly's  warnings,  one  would  never 
(Continued  on  page  110) 


18 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


11 


AN  INTERRUPTED  molding  run  aSects 
your  plastics  job  two  ways — in  added 
cost  or  snarled  production  schedules. 
Bad  for  you,  and  bad  for  us ! 

We  found  that  buying  our  metal 
inserts  from  outside  sources  was  re- 
sponsible for  this.  Sometimes  insert 
deliveries  missed  schedule.  Some- 
times it  was  dimensions  and  toler- 
ances that  were  missed.  Either  one 
started  a  three-cornered  round-robin 
of  "Where  is  it?"  and  "Who's  wrong 
this  time?" — with  everyone  in  the 
middle. 

So  now  we  take  responsibility  at 
Kurz-Kasch  for  the  complete  job — 


7fi/s  /s  My  we  set  t/p  a/? 
/nserf  £/top  of  Our  Own  / 


insert  production,  and  all.  We  work 
every  kind  of  metal  by  any  process 
called  for — and  furnish  any  kind  of 
finish.  Which  gives  us  nobody  to  pass 
the  buck  to  for  anything, 

We  don't  expect  the  isolated  fact 
that  we  have  an  insert  shop  to  qualify 
us  for  your  molding  job.  Regard  it 
instead  as  an  example  of  the  type  of 
progressive  thinking  we  add  onto  a 
28-year-old  reputation  for  engineer- 
ing, mold-making  and  molding. 
Looked  at  this  way,  we  think  it  quali- 
fies us  thoroughly — and  if  you'll  ask 
for  a  Kurz-Kasch  engineer,  we'll 
prove  it! 


WHY  KURZ-KASCH  FOR  PLASTICS? 
Kurz-Kasch  offers  a  28  year  old  reputation 
for  thoroughly-engineered,  quality  produc- 
tion. •  One  of  the  largest,  best-equipped 
exclusive  custom  molding  plants  in  the  coun- 
try— 75,000  sq.  ft.  of  floor  space  with  125 
compression  and  transfer  presses  of  all  sizes. 
•  Complete  mold-making  and  finishing  facil- 
ities. •  Extensive  production  sequences  of 
radio-frequency  preheating  equipment,  with 
full  experience  in  their  use.  •  Complete  in- 
sert-production 
shop.  •  For  satis- 
faction in  plastics, 
key  these  facilities 
into  your  produc- 
tion line. 


WAR      BONOS      WIN      BATTLES   —  BUY      'EMI 

Kurz-Kasch 

for   over  25   years  Planners  and  Molders  in   Plastics 

Kuu-Koich,    Inc.,      1413    South    Broadway,     Daylon     1,    Ohio.    Branch    Sales    Offices:    New    York    •    Chicago    •    Dotroil 
Indianapolis    •    lot  Angeles   •    Dallas   •   Si.  Louis   •   Toronto,    Canada.   Export   Offices:    89    Broad   Street,   New   York   City 


rKHKI    MO     I'M.', 


PLASTICS 


19 


CAdt  »».  ^OkCUXIU  Q2)CAMUAt  £i  JtWIlHV 
•ATHkOOM  riirvDK  ®»  MiOICAL  ACCUSOIUft^fto 


To  meet  customer  requirements  exactly,  you  see 
here  a  battery  of  injection  presses  in  the  Amos 
plant— where  any  thermoplastic  material  is 
molded  most  efficiently.  In  the  insert  above, 
you  see  the  new  building — now  under  con- 
struction—to expand  Amos  facilities  for  mold- 
ing plastic  parts  and  products. 
Efficient  production  is  but  one  of  many  reasons 
why  Amos  jobs  are  done  right.  Other  reasons 
include— experienced  engineering— the  right 
plastics  in  the  right  places— perfect  die  work 
—accurate  finishing,  with  quality  control  of 
every  operation. 

From  engineering  to  finishing,  Amos  does  a 
complete  job— and  does  it  right.  Just  send  us 
your  drawings  or  write  us  what  you  have  in 
mind  to  be  molded  in  plastics. 


AMOS  MOLDED  PLASTICS  •  EDINBURGH,  INDIANA 

Division  of  Amos-Thompson  Corporation 


20 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Machined  from  a  phenolic  lamin- 
ate, these  units  comprise  a  fric- 
tion lock  used  by  Glenn  L.  Martin 
Co.  in  an  engine  control  assembly 


Manager,  Plastics  Division 
Lyon  Metal  Products  Co. 


Laminates,  When  Properly  Formed  irom  the  Correct 
Combination  of  Resins  and  Fillers,  Can  Meet  Widely- 
Diversified  Industrial  and  Decorative  Requirements 


THIS  article  is  intended  to  provide  a  condensed  per- 
spective of  one  of  the  most  versatile  branches  of  the 
plastics  industry — the  laminates.  The  information  may  be 
helpful  to  design  engineers  in  many  fields,  since  proper 
understanding  of  the  raw  materials,  manufacturing  meth- 
ods and  properties  should  materially  assist  the  visualization 
of  valuable  applications  for  this  extensively  diversified 
group  of  materials. 

Plastics  laminates  are  combinations  of  various  resins 
with  sheeted  filler  materials,  and  originated  in  1910,  shortly 
after  Dr.  Baekeland  demonstrated  the  properties  of  thermo- 
setting  phenol  formaldehyde  resins.  Since  that  time,  the 
fields  of  application  for  this  highly  engineered  class  of 
materials  have  grown  by  leaps  and  bounds. 

The  fundamental  reason  for  this  advance  is  that  the 
almost  endless  variety  of  combinations  possible  between 
at  least  ten  different  resins,  and  an  equal  number  of  varia- 
tions in  grades  in  each  of  the  different  classes  of  filler 
materials  that  may  be  employed,  such  as  papers,  a  broad 
range  of  cloth  constructions,  asbestos,  fiber  glass,  etc., 
allows  extreme  adaptability  to  the  most  varied  end  uses. 

There  is  some  analogy  in  these  weddings  in  the  world  of 


The  resilience  of  laminated 
gears  enhances  durability, 
noise  reduction.  Those  above 
are  made  of  GE's  "Textolite" 


raw  materials  and  those  in  our  human  society.  While 
the  female  contributes  beauty  and  the  finer  things  in  life, 
the  male  supplies  the  structural  substance  of  marriage, 
and  the  combination,  in  the  more  fortunate  instances,  is 
stronger  than  the  two  individuals. 


FKKRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


21 


A  few  examples  of  the  varied  shapes  which  have  been  produced  for  and  by  the  aircraft  industry  from  laminated  materials 


A  new  approach  to  serviceware 
design  is  offered  by  this  vac- 
uum -  glass  -  lined  ice  preserver 
made  of  waterproof-resin  ply- 
wood molded  by  Jasper  Wood 
Crofters'  "Gramwood"  process 


Oblique  side  view 
of  a  large  "Texto 
lite"  cam  with  lam- 
inate molded  around 
magnesium  hub.  Pro- 
duced by  General 
Electric  for  United 
Shoe  Machy.  Corp. 


In  plastics,  the  resins  provide  beauteous,  colorful  sur- 
faces, corrosion  resistance,  and  electrical  insulating  prop- 
erties, but  generally  are  seriously  lacking  in  mechanical 
strength.  They  are  either  brittle  or  subject  to  cold  flow, 
and  in  any  event  are  quite  low  in  tensile  strength.  It  is 
obvious  that  their  use  in  many  parts  that  require  strength 
in  addition  to  beauty,  or  parts  that  require  dimensional 
stability  in  addition  to  corrosion  resistance  would  be 
limited. 

While  the  filler  materials,  such  as  strong  kraft  papers 
and  cotton  duck,  can  provide  an  unusual  range  of  strength 
properties,  they  nevertheless  lack  the  favorable  char- 
acteristics of  the  resins  mentioned  above.  Therefore,  it 
is  not  surprising  that  these  combinations  have  fulfilled 
such  a  variety  of  difficult  product  applications  in  an  out- 
standing way. 

In  addition,  the  crucially  important  matter  of  costs  is 
decidedly  in  favor  of  this  type  of  plastics  material.  Most 
resins  are  relatively  high  in  cost,  while  most  fillers  are 
quite  moderately  priced.  Yet,  in  general,  the  combined 
price  of  the  two  not  only  compares  favorably  with  the 
cost  of  the  original  raw  materials,  but  it  provides  much 
enhanced  performance. 

The  applications  of  laminates  can  be  broadly  classified 
as  industrial  and  decorative. 

Industrial  Applications 

In  this  field  advantage  is  taken  of  the  high  mechanical 
strength,  low  weight,  stability  of  dimensions  resulting 
from  the  laminates'  low  water  absorption,  resilience,  low 
heat  conductivity,  sound  and  vibration  absorption  and  easy 
maintenance.  In  addition  to  these  structural  character- 


22 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Distinctive  corner  table  at  Hotel  Statler.  Washington.  D.  C..  to  which  "Formica"  laminate  surface  adds  appeal,  durability 


istics,  the  laminates,  industrially,  provide  high  dielectric 
strength,  high  surface  and  volume  resistance,  low  power 
factcir,  and  chemical  resistance  (this  makes  them  highly 
desirable  for  electrical  insulators;  indeed,  the  electric  uses 
were  all-important  in  the  early  years  of  this  industry). 
CHEMICAL: — The  laminates  are  useful  here  because  they 
are  inert  chemically  and  resist  the  action  of  mild  acids, 
alkalies  and  solvents. 

They  are  highly  suitable  for  use  in  oil  refineries  and 
gasoline  handling  equipment,  such  as  rotary  pump  vanes. 
AUTOMOTIVE  : — The  laminates  are  used  both  for  mechanical 
and  electrical  purposes.  Camshaft  drive  gears  and  oil 
pump  drive  gears,  because  of  their  peculiar  resilience, 
contribute  considerably  to  the  noiseless  running  of  the 
modern  automobile  engine.  Electrically  the  laminates  pro- 
vide efficient  junction  blocks  and  terminal  blocks  in  genera- 
tors, timers  and  starters.  The  ignition  breaker  arm  is  an 
outstanding  example  of  a  part  that  failed  when  made  of 
every  other  material  except  laminated  cloth  base  plastics. 
The  laminated  gears  have  application  in  a  great  many 
other  industries  than  automotive,  especially  where  the  re- 
duction of  noise  is  important,  such  as  washing  machines, 
and  a  broad  variety  of  mechanical  equipment  for  homes, 
where  quiet  operation  is  highly  desirable.  There  are  many 
cases  where  the  resilient  plastics  teeth  have  outworn  the 
teeth  on  cast  iron  mating  gears. 

A  further  interesting  example  of  intelligent  design  for 
laminated  plastics  is  on  industrial  trucks,  where  the 
wheels  used  are  either  completely  molded  or  are  combina- 
tions of  laminated  plastics  tires  molded  around  a  cast  iron 
hub.  Here  again  laminates  outwear  their  counterparts  by 


• 


132  KV  SECTION  2  BUS  TIE  O.C.B. 


SECT.  1-2  ...  OPERATM6  mat  MAIN  BUS  SECT.  I  TO  TMNSFM  BUS  act  i  WEN        SECT  1-2 
Einta  B-WH  OR  az-)  nuns,  is  opowrwe  FRO*  THE  TRANSFER  BUS 


OFEMlmG  fix*  HAW  BUS  SECT.  I  TO  MM  MS  SECT.  • 
VIA   TRANSFER  BUS  SECTION  3 


tu  OPERATMB  nan  MAM  BUS  SECT,  3  TO  TRANSFER  BUS  SECT,  i  «HEN 

EITHER  A-UOL  I-IKJ.  132-1  OR  IS-l  TOMB. 
IS  OPERATING  FRO*  THE  TRANSFER  BUS 

OK 
,  ,B,   OPERATING  FROM  MAIN  BUS  SECT.  3  TO  MAIN  BUB  SECT.  4 

SECT.  2-3        «  ™«B"»«  a*™-"  3 


American  Cyanamid's  "Melmac"  resin  is  used  in  laminates 
employed  by  the  Mica  Insulator  Co.  for  the  fabrication 
of  these  electrical  name  and  instruction  plates.  Wiring 
diagrams,  panels  are  made  from  laminates  in  same  manner 


FKBRUARY   1943 


PLASTICS 


23 


"Fiberglas"-reinforced     plastics     laminates     are     machined 
with  carboloy-tipped  tools  at  speeds  used  in  woodworking 


AIRCRAFT: — Especially  under  the  present  war  emergency, 
this  industry  has  made  extensive  use  of  laminated  plastics 
because  of  their  light  weight  and  stability  of  dimensions. 
While  the  use  of  laminated  plastics  in  primary  structures 
has  only  recently  reached  a  point  where  they  are  competi- 
tive in  performance  with  the  more  conventional  type 
of  airplane  construction,  a  good  many  secorrtftry  struc- 
tures like  trim  tabs,  control  cable  pulleys  and  wheels, 
fairleads,  control  blocks,  and  shims  have  been  employed. 

One  most  important  contribution  of  the  laminating  prin- 
ciple has  been  the  construction  of  compressed  wooden 
propeller  blades  in  which  the  filler  material  consists  of 
h'gh  grade  wood  veneers  impregnated  with  a  thermosetting 
resin  and  compressed  under  very  high  pressure  and  heat 


to  yield  a  structure  of  most  unusual  physical  properties. 
Also  the  peculiarities  of  the  manufacturing  process  allow 
the  manufacture  of  such  propeller  blades  with  a  very 
high  density  in  the  root  where  the  utmost  of  strength 
is  required,  and  a  lower  density  in  the  tip  where  light 
weight  is  much  more  important. 

ELECTRICAL  POWER  EQUIPMENT  AND  APPLIANCES: — The 
laminated  plastics  have  provided  insulating  materials  of 
unexcelled  functional  characteristics  such  as  bus  bar  in- 
sulation, circuit  breaker  barriers,  and  an  unlimited  va- 
riety of  insulations  in  coils,  condensers,  controllers,  fuses, 
generators,  motors,  relays,  switch  gear  apparatus  and 
transformers.  The  telephone  industry  relies  quite  heavily 
on  this  class  of  materials.  The  radio  industry  uses  bush- 
ings, washers,  coil  forms,  loud  speaker  cones,  mounting 
panels,  terminal  strips,  tube  socket  bases  and  instrument 
panels. 

TEXTILES: — The  rayon  industry  uses  laminated  plastics 
parts  in  considerable  quantities,  as  in  the  case  of  spinning 
pots  where  there  has  not  been  found  a  material  superior 
to  the  laminates  for  acid  resistance,  light  weight  and 
smoothness  of  surface.  Other  parts  used  by  the  rayon 
industry  are  bobbins,  brackets,  pipes  and  covers,  while 
work  tables  covered  with  laminated  paper  base  sheet  stock 
will  not  snag  the  material  handled  in  textile  and  knitting 
mills,  and  will  resist  dyes  and  stains.  Stocking  examine 
forms  fall  in  this  same  classification. 

Decorative  Applications 

The  decorative  uses  emphasize  the  smooth  surface  a: 
handsome  color  patterns  as  well  as  corrosion  and  stain 
resistance  of  the  resins,  together  with  the  strength  and 
stability  which  can  be  derived  from  the  various  filler  ma- 
terials. 

In  addition  to  being  strong,  light  in  weight,  dimen- 
sionally  stable,  pleasant  to  the  touch  because  of  low  heat 
conductivity,  sound  and  vibration  absorbent,  these  ma-i 
terials  are  very  sanitary,  permanent,  and,  most  important, 
require  practically  no  maintenance.  In  extensive  use  they 
will  not  chip,  crack  or  break,  and  will  resist  indefinitely 
alcohol  and  food  acids  such  as  regularly  are  encountered 
in  the  home. 

Decorative  sheet  stock  can  be  made  in  either  solid  colors, 
or  with  highly  artistic  inlaid  designs ;  in  other  resin-im- 
pregnated materials  in  any  number  of  contrasting  colors. 
Strips  of  metal  foil  may  also  be  used,  providing  pleasing 
contrasts.  It  is  felt  that  the  uses  of  decorative  sheet 
stock  in  the  furniture  industry,  store  fixtures  and  fronts,, 
vending  machines,  commercial  refrigeration  equipment, 
and  the  construction  of  buildings  and  homes,  has  hardly 


been  scratched. 


The  best  known  applica- 
tion to  date  is  probably  the 
laminated  plastics  table  top 
which  is  so  popular  in  public 
and  industrial  cafeterias.  Be- 
cause it  is  possible  to  incor- 
porate a  thin  sheet  metal  foil 
right  underneath  the  top  sur- 
face of  the  laminated  plastic 
panel,  the  heat  of  cigarettes 
can  be  readily  dissipated,  and 
therefore  one  of  the  most  se- 
vere damages  to  furniture 
is  effectively  resisted.  This 
makes  that  kitchen  cabinet 


Field  artillery  type  of  bazooka,  capable  of  firing  4.5'  -diameter  projectile,  is  made  by 
winding  continuous  length  of  paper  around  a  highly-polished  mandrel  with  high  viscosity 
phenolic  resin  rolled  in  as  the  tube  is  wound.  Pickup  controlled  by  pressure  on  and  tem- 
perature of  driving  rolls  and  by  paper  texture  and  thickness.  Developed  by  General  Electric 


top    and    dinette    table    top 

gain  considerably  in  customer 

appeal  when  such  decorative 

(Continued  on  page  124) 


24 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


AN  EASTMAN  PLASTIC 


Four  types  of  dolly  wheel  tires  made  of  "Con- 
soweld,"  equivalent  of  "Papreg"  developed  by 
the  Consolidated  Water  Power  &  Paper  Company 


Paper-Base  Laminates 
Oiier  High  Strength 


'Aon 


•in 


and  Ljeorac  C..     I  flack 

Forest  Products  Laboratory 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 


AS  the  result  of  research  at  the  U.  S.  Forest  Products 
Laboratory,  Madison,  Wis.,  a  laminated  paper  plas- 
tics is  now  being  produced  with  more  than  twice  the  tensile 
strength  of  and  with  improvement  in  most  other  mechani- 
cal properties  over  the  best  conventional  paper-base  lami- 
nates formerly  available. 

This  new  paper  plastics,  termed  "Papreg,"  has  attracted 
the  attention  of  aircraft  and  other  manufacturers  because 
of  its  higher  strength  characteristics.  It  has  a  density 
about  half  that  of  aluminum,  and  can  be  produced  as  a 
comparatively  uniform  product.  It  has  a  smooth,  hard 
surface  and  reasonable  moisture  and  decay  resistance.  It 
has  been  molded  to  moderate  double  curvature  without 
special  treatment  and  slight  taper  or  gage  variations  are 
readily  achieved.  Papreg  lends  itself  to  low-pressure  mold- 
ing techniques,  and  has  been  satisfactorily  postformed  to 


at  Low  Pressure  to  Double 
Curvature,  Strong,  New  Laminates 
Have  Future  in  Structures,  Surfacing 


Various  panels  composed  of  low-density  core  materials 
surfaced  with  very  high-strength  layers  of  "Consoweld." 
which  adds  strength  with  negligible  bulk  and  weight 


I 


I- 


~   i 


34  Jf 

CONTENT  (PERCC.NT) 


so  it  it 

&£5IH  CONTENT  (PERCLNT) 


Fig.  1.    Effect  of  resin  content  on  ultimate  strength  and  water  absorption  of  "Papreg" 


26 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


•,.-..-• 


Sec  that  gas  pocket?  It's  a  trouble-sjxn 
...  a  center  of  internal  stress  and  poten- 
tial break-down.  The  formation  of  such 
gas  pockets  was  one  of  the  problems  that 
plagued  molders  of  thick  sections  like 
these  truck  casters.  Their  prevention  re- 
quired lengthening  the  curing  period 
.  .  .  which  ran  up  production  costs,  and 
involved  danger  of  scorching  the  piece. 

Here,  at  Molded  Products,  we  literally 
"put  the  heat"  on  this  problem  ...  by 
pre-heating  the  pieces  with  Federal 
Megatherm  Electronic  Equipment.  As  a 


result,  our  molding  cycle  was  cut  in  half. 
Costs  were  slashed.  And  for  load  carry- 
ing capacity,  these  plastic  casters  stand 
right  up  to  the  metal  wheels  which  they 
are  rapidly  replacing. 

We  have  the  equipment  .  .  .  and  the 
"know-how"  to  use  it  for  solving  compli- 
cated molding  problems.  Ask  one  of  our 
engineers  to  consult  with  you,  or  send 
us  specifications  for  quotations  on  your 
molded  parts  or  products.  MOLDED 
PRODUCTS  COMPANY.  4533  \V. 
Harrison  St.,  Chicago  (24)  111. 


DIVISION 


MOLDED^  ^PRODUCTS 


FEBRUARY 


PLASTICS 


27 


Samples  ot  shapes  into  which  "Papreg"  has  been  formed 


I 

s  » 
§" 

5 

<t 

y» 

1 

•^ 

IS" 
5 

<?„ 
i 

R 

I// 
s 

3 

14 

. 

Tension        , 

/^^ 

* 

pr  \aiNt 

[  — 

z 

7_ 

' 

, 

I 

' 

7f 

x*'  < 

H> 

1 

< 

>  

0  /Off  ZOO  300  400  500  iff'  ?QO  900  900 

<  P#£5S(/HE 


0: 

2^, 


t  IK  U0  Jffff          400  516  U>0  700  000  1M  IOK 

LAM/MATIW(,    PffCSSVPC   ffVVMPl  ff/f SQV4RC.  /NCH) 

Fig.  2.    Effect  of  laminating  pressure  on  "Papreg"  properties 


moderate  double  curvature  by  the  laboratory's  technicians]! 

Prior  to  the  development  of  Papreg,  laminated  plastics, 
due  to  insufficient  strength,  had  found  acceptance  only  injj 
limited  fields.  Typical  applications  included  electrical  inJJ 
sulation  panels,  table  tops,  and  other  non-structural  uses.  I 
With  the  attainment  of  higher  strength  in  the  new  niate-|J 
rial,  a  wider  use  of  paper-base  laminates  is  now  realized  I 
in  aircraft  and  other  products. 

The  development  work  covered  investigations  on  (a)  the! 
suitability  of  several  species  of  wood,  pulped  by  several! 
processes  such  as  the  sulfate  and  sulfite,  and  in  a  limited  I 
way  on  other  materials  such  as  cotton,  fiax,  and  rag;  (b)M 
fibre  properties  and  pulp  processing  variations;  (c)  special  < 
paper-making  procedures;  (d)  impregnation  of  paper  with 
resin;  (e)  molding  of  the  laminated  sheets;  and  (f)  evalu-IJ 
ation  of  the  plastics  in  terms  of  its  physical  and  mechanical  ; 
properties.    During  this  development  the  Forest  Products  j 
Laboratory  has  consulted  with  pulp  and  paper  manufactur-i 
ers,  impregnators,  resin  manufacturers,  and  laminators  in 
the  analysis  of  the  separate  process  problems  in  these  fiel<K 

Development  of  "Papreg" 

Analysis  of  the  components  of  laminated  paper  plastics 
showed  the  major  strength-producing  factor  to  be  the  lia-r 
paper,  and  since  the  properties  of  paper  are  to  a  large  ex- 
tent affected  by  the  type  of  fibres  used,  a  survey  of  avail- 
able pulps  representing  different  kinds  of  fibres  was  initi-j 
ated  early  in  the  work.    Modifications  of  standard  pulp-j 
ing,  fibre  processing,  and  paper-making  procedures  wore 
developed,   using  the  laboratory's   experimental   pulp   and 
paper-making  equipment  to  achieve  the  superior  properr 

Several  hundred  experimental  papers  were  made  during  j 
this  work.   It  was  found  that  papers  producing  the  highest 
strength  Papreg  are  those  obtained  from  pulps,  either  sul- 
fate, acid  sulfite,  or  neutral  sulfite,  produced  with  a  mini- 
mum of  cooking  required  for  making  a  well-fibreized  pulp,  | 
and  a  minimum  of  bleaching,  beating  and  jordaning,  all  of 
which  tend  to  reduce  the  native  strength  of  the  individual 
fibre.    From  a  study  of  the  paper-making  requirements  in- 
vestigated, it  was  found  that  papers  having  the  following 
properties  are  suitable  for  high-strength  laminated  plastics: 

Ream  weight  (25  X  40  —  500) 25  to  40  Ib 

Thickness  0.001  to  0.004" 

Density 0.60  to  0.75  gm  per  cc 

Minimum  tensile  strength: 

In  "grain   10,000  psi 

Cross  grain   4,000  psi 

Porosity    (Gurley  densimeter,   100  cc) 

Less  than  30  sec 

The  paper-making  experiments  showed  that  high  tensile 
strength  in  one  direction  could  be  obtained  by  alignment 
of  fibres  during  the  formation  of  the  sheet  and  that  the 
relatively  high  density  could  be  obtained  by  employing 
high  wet  press  pressure  without  reducing  the  absorbent 
characteristics  of  the  sheet  below  that  required  for  satis- 
factory impregnation.  It  was  also  found  that  densifications 
of  the  sheet  by  calendering  was  advantageous,  since  in  this 
way  equal  or  higher  strengths  than  when  uncalendered 
paper  was  used  could  be  obtained  in  laminates  molded  at 
lower  pressures. 

Impregnation  of  paper  with  resin  involves  a  number  of 
factors  that  greatly  affect  the  physical  properties  of  the 
ultimate  plastics.  Among  the  important  factors  recognized 
are  the  resin  and  volatile  content  of  the  treated  paper,  the 
temperature  of  drying  the  impregnated  sheet,  time  of  ab- 
sorption of  resin,  kind  of  resin  diluent,  and  kinds  of  resin. 
Although  many  different  resins  were  investigated  in  the 
development  of  Papreg,  considerations  of  availability  as 
well  as  resultant  properties  led  to  the  selection  of  spirit- 
soluble  phenolic-type  resins  for  this  purpose. 


28 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


0.0/4    0016    OJ)I8    0020 
STRAIN  f INCHES  P£R  INCH) 
Fig.   3.     Typical   curves   for  tensile  stress-strain 
of  "Papreg"  at  normal  temperature  (75°  i:  5°  F) 

Results  showed  that  there  is  an  optimum  resin  content 
for  the  production  of  desired  plastic  properties  for  each 
type  of  fibre  and  for  the  particular  molding  pressure  used. 
Relatively  high  resin  content  imparts  better  water  resist- 
ance to  the  finished  Papreg,  but  some  strength  properties 
are  lowered.  For  laminating  pressures  of  approximately 
250  psi  a  resin  content  of  30  to  40%  is  most  desirable  for 
over-all  optimum  properties.  Fig.  1  shows  the  effect  of 
resin  content  of  the  impregnated  sheet  on  the  properties 
jf  Papreg  laminated  under 
standard  conditions.  Within 
the  indicated  range  of  resin  con- 
tents, and  provided  that  the  vola- 
tile content  is  maintained  con- 
stant, the  strength  properties  of 
the  plastics  are  not  greatly  af- 
fected by  variations  of  the  resin 
:ontent. 

Properties  of  the  Papreg  are 
considerably  affected  by  the  vo- 
latile content  of  the  resin-treated 
paper.  High  volatile  content 
( about  7%)  causes  greater  flow 
of  the  resin  under  the  heat  and 
pressure  of  laminating  and  re- 
mits in  lower  strength  values  of 
die  plastics  than  those  obtained 

Fig.  4.  Compressive  (edge- 
wise) stress-strain  "Papreg" 
curves  at  normal  temperature 


Cabinets  and  built-in  furniture  can  be  constructed  of 
low-cost  base  plywood  covered  with  "Kimpreg"  (trade 
name  for  "Papreg"  used  by  Kimberly-Clark  Corp.)  to 
impart  added  smoothness,  durability  and  resistance 


with  treated  paper  having  a  volatile  content  of  about  4%. 
In  order  to  avoid  the  necessity  of  using  steel  dies  and  to 
utilize  low-capacity  presses  for  laminating,  250  psi  was 
fixed  as  the  upper  limit  of  pressure  to  be  used.  However, 
the  effects  of  using  both  higher  and  lower  pressures  were 
investigated.  The  effects  of  laminating  pressure  on  the 
properties  of  Papreg  are  shown  graphically  in  Fig.  2. 

Properties  of  "Papreg" 

The  development  work  previously  discussed  resulted  in  a 
decision  to  adopt  as  a  standard  the  product  resulting  from 
a  certain  combination  of  materials  and  processing  proce- 
dures, and  to  carry  out  a  series  of  tests  to  determine  the 
basic  engineering  properties  of  this  standardized  product. 

Although  satisfactory  materials  were  produced  from 
other  species,  such  as  balsam  fir  and  Western  hemlock, 
processed  by  the  previously  mentioned  pulping  methods, 
evaluations  for  basic  properties  made  at  the  Forest  Prod- 
ucts Laboratory  were  confined  to  a  standardized  Papreg 
made  from  spruce  Mitscherlich-type  sulfite  paper  impreg- 
nated with  a  phenolic  type  thermosetting  resin.  The  resin 
content  was  about  36%  and  the  volatile  content  was  about 


-KHRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


:  LZGEND-- 
d  -  PAHA 

X-CA055   LAMINATLD.LLNGTHWiSt 
•  -PARALLEL   - 


Or  CYCLC.5  TO  FAILURE 


Fig.  5.    Constant-strain  flexural  fatigue  strength  of 
"Papreg"  at  80°  F  and  at  50%  relative  humidity 

4.5%.  Test  materials  consisted  of  parallel-laminated  and 
cross-laminated  flat  panels,  approximately  11"  square,  some 
J/i"  and  others  l/2"  thick.  The  %"  and  l/2"  thick  panels 
were  molded  from  approximately  70  and  280  sheets  of 
treated  paper,  respectively,  and  were  pressed  for  12  and  25 
min,  respectively,  at  250  psi.  The  temperature  of  the  hot 
press  platen  was  325°  F.  The  panels  were  removed  from 
the  press  immediately  after  pressing  and  allowed  to  cool 
in  air  at  room  temperature.  Material  constituted  and  proc- 
essed in  this  way  is  identified  as  "Improved  Standard — 
June,  1943."  The  specific  gravity,  based  on  weight  and 
volume  after  conditioning  at  75°  F  and  50%  relative  hu- 
midity is  1.4. 

Although  the  material  tested  was  produced  under  labora- 
tory-controlled conditions,  its  properties  are  believed  to  be 
representative  of  those  of  products  of  similar  composition 
when  produced  by  commercial  laminators  employing  the 
same  conditions  and  manufacturing  procedure.  The  base 
materials  are  commercially  available  and  impregnated 


paper  and  molded  stock  are  now  being  produced  on  a  com 
mercial  scale. 

Except  where  otherwise  noted,  properties  of  Papre 
here  reported  were  obtained  from  specimens  preparec 
conditioned,  and  tested  in  accordance  with  Federal  specifi 
cation  L-P-406  for  "Plastics,  Organic;  General  Specifica 
tions  (Methods  of  Tests),"  dated  December  9,  1942.  Th 
specimens  were  machined  with  high-speed  steel  tools  i 
such  a  manner  as  to  be  virtually  free  from  tool  marks  o 
any  evidence  of  overheating,  and  therefore  were  no 
otherwise  finished  prior  to  test. 

Results  of  tests  at   room  temperature   on   nominal 
material  are  presented  in  Table  1. 

In  this  table  "Flatwise"  refers  to  load  applied  to  a  sur 
face  of  the  original  material,  that  is,  in  the  direction  o 
molding  pressure.  "Edgewise"  refers  to  load  applied  on  th 
edges  of  the  laminates,  that  is,  in  a  direction  perpendicula 
to  that  of  the  molding  pressure.  "Lengthwise"  or  "cross 
wise"  refer  to  the  orientation  of  the  predominant  directioi 
(machine  direction  or  "grain"  direction)  of  fibres  in  th 
constituent  sheets  of  paper  with  respect  to  the  length  o 
the  specimen.  Consequently  parallel-laminated  specimen 
are  either  "lengthwise"  or  "crosswise,"  whereas  cross 
laminated  specimens  are  designated  "lengthwise  and  cross 
wise."  Thus,  values  of  shear  for  "lengthwise"  and  "cross 
wise"  are  respectively  perpendicular  and  parallel  to  th 
predominant  fibre  directions.  Actually  for  cross-laminate 
Papreg  the  fibre  direction  of  the  face  plies  was  lengthwis 
in  half  the  specimens  and  crosswise  in  the  other  half. 

Average  values  represent  the  arithmetic  average  of  th 
indicated  number  of  tests,  comprised  of  not  more  than  tw 
tests  from  any  one  panel  in  each  of  the  directions  indi 
cated.  The  standard  deviation  for  each  property  is  alsi 
presented  to  provide  a  measure  of  the  variability  or  thel 
range  of  values  that  can  be  expected  from  stock  sheetl 
materials  of  this  type. 

Parallel-laminated  Papreg  has  average  tensile  and  flex- 
ural strengths  of  about  36,000  psi  lengthwise,  and  tensile 
and  flexural  strengths  of  about  20,000  and  24,000  psi  cross- 
wise, respectively.    For  cross-laminated  Papreg  the  tensile 
(Contintifd  on  page  106) 


TABLE    I. — Strength   and    Related   Properties  of  Nominal  ya"  Papreg  at  Normal  Temperature  (75°  ±  5°  F) 

Parallel   Laminated  Cross   Laminated 

Lenqthwise   and 
Test  and   Properties  Lengthwise  Crosswise  Crosswise 

Standard  Standard  Standard 

Average          Deviation          Average          Deviation          Average          Deviation 


1  41 

1.41 

1.41... 

Tension 

Ultimate  strength    (psi)  

....35,610.... 

2,321... 

20,010  

853 

...27,160... 

1,591 

Yield  strength  at  0.2%  offset   (osi) 

..32,780  

2,575. 

14,560  

_  838  

23,160 

1,665 

Yield  strength  at  0.7%  strain    (psi)  ..  .. 

..23.090  

..2,223.. 

10,860  

980  

16,760  . 

706 

Proportional  limit  stress   (psi)  

14,480  

3.011.... 

7,880  

856  

9,760  .. 

1,072 

Secant  modulus  at  0.2%  offset   (psi   X    I03)  

2.951  

....147.... 

1,352  

174  

....2.177.... 

1  1  1 

Modulus  of  elasticity   (psi  X    I03) 

3,645  

377.. 

....1,713  

261  

2.692 

181 

Elongation  immediately  before  fracture    (%)  

1.20  

0.16.... 

1.88  

0.30  ... 

_....!.  29  .... 

0.14 

Static  bending  —  (flatwise) 

Modulus  of  rupture   (psi)  

36,590  

....I.I  71.... 

..24,300  

785  

30,540.. 

1,153 

Proportional  limit  stress   (psi)  

15,900  

.1,473... 

10,510  

1.148  

12,240  .... 

1,325 

Modulus  of  elasticity   (psi  X   10s)  

..3,016  

99... 

1,481  

51  

2,241... 

58 

Bearing  —  '/g"  dia.  pin    (tensile  loading) 

Bearing  strength    (4  to  6  tests)    (psi)  

24,920  

.22,940  

25,920 

Ultimate  bearing  stress   (psi)  

35,060  

;. 

...  31,300  



34,280 

-j 

Shear  —  (Johnson-type  shear  tool) 

Shearing  strength    (flatwise)    (psi)  

....16,980  

....700... 

14,010  

733  

15,550.. 

415 

Modulus  of  rigidity   (psi   X    I03)  

909  

29... 

..887... 

33 

Indentation  hardness   (Rockwell   M-numbers)  

110  

110... 

Loss  in  weight  on  drying  at  221°    F  for  24  hr 

Loss  in  weight   (2  X  2"  spec.,  %)  

1.99  

2.60.. 

Water  absorption  (24  hr  immersion)    (2  X  2"  spec.) 

* 

2  21 

2.36  ... 

001 

.03.. 

.?,      (o/i 

006 

02.. 

Increase  in  thickness    (%)  

1.67  

1.82 

NOTE:— Values    for    indentation    hardness    and    those    properties    for   which   standard  deviation  is  reported,   represent  the  average  of  32  tests.    Loss  in  weight 
on  drying  and  water  absorption   percentages  for  parallel  and  cross-laminated   Papreg   are   based  on    14  and  9  tests,    respectively. 


30 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY   1945 


Maybe  the  answer  is  in  the 


^  "inV>  BBBBBMTi  ^•^••V     •••••••••Kr.^EiBBBBBBBBBBBM^BHUBBl     fc-mlBT'TmHn 

Bll   El   fll*  Pur»  cotton  flock  of  surpassing     CAQDICII     Macerated    cotton   fabric   for    flflRIIEII      Ivonly  cut  lengths  of  tiro  cord; 
F  I  LFLUb  cleanliness    and     uniformity.          F  ABKI F I L  c.tra   .trcngth.  UUKUHL 


The  full  extent  of  the  effects  of  Fillers  on  plastics 
is  just  beginning  to  be  understood.  We  don't 
claim  to  have  all  the  answers,  but  what  we  do 
know  we  are  glad  to  share  with  molders  and 
compound  manufacturers. 

When  you  are  up  against  a  situation  that  ap- 
pears to  require  adjustment  of  the  filler,  call  us 
in.  We  make  a  broad  line,  based  on  three  gen- 
eral types,  with  infinite  variations  to  suit  specific 
needs  EXACTLY.  We  gladly  assist  you  in  ex- 


for  plastics  of  utmost  strength. . 

perimental  work  aimed  to  provide  a  filler  mate- 
rial that  not  merely  improves  your  plastic  item, 
but  that  contributes  the  MAXIMUM  desired 
qualities  of  flexural,  tensile  and  impact  strength. 


ARE  YOU  USING  PLASTIC  HELMET  LINER  SCRAP? 


If  not,  you  should  look  into  this  low  cost  molding 
compound  ol  the  phenol-formaldehyde  type.  We  can 
ship  promptly  from  an  ample  slock. 


of  R.I. 
INC. 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO. 

45  TREMONT    ST.,    CENTRAL    FALLS,     RHODE     ISLAND 

tutct 


OBTAIN  COMPOUNDS  CONTAINING  RAYCO  FILLERS 


FOR  GOOD  FLOW  AND  EXTRA  STRENGTH 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


31 


Foot-treadle  press  forms  nitrocellulose  at  low 
cost.  Strips  are  heated  on  plate  to  right 
of  worker.  The  male  die  is  electrically  heated 


Aluminum  Male  Dies,  Gang- 
Mounted  with  Cement  in  a 
Foot  Press,  Produce  Female 
Dies  in  Plastic  Wood  at  a 
Fraction  of  the  Usual  Cost 


Cutting  Die  Costs  in 
Forming  Operations 


& 


APPROXIMATELY  $400,  or  75%  of  the  cost  of  pro- 
ducing 100,000  small  plastics  stampings  has  been 
saved  by  Charles  G.  W.  Baxmann,  independent  fabricator, 
through  a  method  that  drastically  reduces  the  usual  cost 
of  the  metal  dies  required  for  forming  operations. 

The  procedure— one  that  any  smaller  manufacturer  will 
find  practical — is  adaptable  to  any  sort  of  plastics  forming 
on  stocks  of  0.040"  thickness  or  less.  By  making  this  sort 
of  work  possible  without  a  great  investment  in  equipment, 
the  method  may  well  point  the  way  to  greatly  increased 
use  of  plastics  in  many  fields. 

Mr.  Baxmann's  problem  was  to  produce  100,000  small 
stampings,  roughly  in  the  shape  of  a  bicycle  seat,  which 
were  to  be  used  as  parts  in  model-building  kits.  The  stamp- 
ings had  to  be  formed  into  the  bicycle-seat  curvature  from 
strips  of  supplied  0.020"  stock  wood-filled  nitrocellulose. 
Ordinarily,  this  would  require  a  set  of  steel  dies  costing 
$300  or  more ;  or  perhaps  cast  aluminum  dies,  worth  about 
$250,  might  have  been  used.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  this 
was  new  work  in  his  shop,  another  $150  or  so  would  have 
had  to  be  invested  in  a  %-ton  press — if  it  could  be  obtained 
in  these  days. 

But  the  job  was  done  at  a  total  cost  of  less  than  $50 — 
for  a  complete  set  of  male  and  female  dies  capable  of  stamp- 
ing 10  of  the  parts  at  a  time,  plus  the  entire  wooden  stamp- 
ing press ! 

The  starting  point  was  a  wooden  model  male  die.  From 
this  a  sand  mold  was  made,  and  a  number  of  aluminum 
castings  produced,  which  were  each  hand  finished  to  the 
dimensions  of  the  original  model.  While  the  details  of 
the  costs  are  by  no  means  indicative  of  what  costs  might 
be  on  other  jobs,  these  facts  may  be  of  interest :  The  cast-- 
ings of  the  male  die  involved  an  expenditure  of  only  $4. 
Hand-finishing  time  was  approximately  1  hr  per  unit. 

Ten  of  the  male  dies  were  then  gang-mounted  in  a  block 
of  \Yi  X  2^2"  white  oak,  and  cemented  firmly  in  position 
with  a  plastic  cement,  Plastico  Rok,  product  of  Technical 
Supply  Co.,  Palo  Alto,  Calif. 

The  lower  block  of  the  stamping  press  was  also  made  of 


\y-i"  X  2^"  white  oak.  Registration  of  the  male  die  unit 
on  the  lower  block  was  controlled  with  springs  at  either 
end,  and  a  foot  treadle.  Construction  of  the  entire  wooden 
press,  wholly  adequate  for  light  work  of  this  nature,  is 
illustrated  in  the  accompanying  photographs. 

To  prepare  the  female  die,  a  thin  coating  of  Plastic  Wood 
was  applied  to  the  lower  white  oak  block  and  well  rubbed 
in.  The  total  coating  was  not  over  1/32"  in  thickness,  and 
its  upper  surface  was  permitted  to  remain  rough  in  order 
to  provide  a  solid  foundation  for  the  next  operation.  The 
1/32"  coating  was  permitted  to  dry  thoroughly  for  a  24-hr 
period. 

When  the  base  coating  was  hard  and  dry,  a  3/16"  layer 
of  Plastic  Wood  was  applied.  This  second  coat  was 
smoothed  and  leveled,  and  permitted  to  set  for  approx- 
imately 25  min — just  long  enough  to  form  a  firm  upper 
skin.  Then  the  smooth  surface  was  brushed  with  acetone, 
and  the  foot  treadle  of  the  press  operated  with  very  light 
pressure  to  make  the  barest  impression  of  the  male  dies 
on  the  acetoned  surface.  Great  care  had  to  be  taken  to 
raise  the  male  die  unit  slowly  and  carefully,  in  order  not 
to  pull  up  the  Plastic  Wood  base. 

The  areas  which  the  male  dies  had  touched  were  then 
rebrushed  with  acetone,  and  permitted  to  set  for  another 
25  min.  At  this  time,  the  bottoms  of  the  male  dies  were 
brushed  with  acetone,  and  the  foot  treadle  of  the  press 
operated  firmly  to  make  a  complete  and  proper  female  die 
impression  in  the  acetoned  Plastic  Wood  surface.  (The 
application  of  acetone  to  the  male  dies  tended  to  avoid 
sticking  or  pulling  up  of  the  lower  prepared  surface.) 
The  completed  female  die  unit  was  then  permitted  to  set, 
untouched,  for  36  hr,  in  order  to  assure  complete  hardness. 
After  this  period  it  was  sanded  as  necessary  for  smooth- 
ness on  the  impression  surface. 

The  total  elapsed  time  for  the  preparation  of  the  female 
die  was  about  63  hr;  actual  working  time  involved,  not 
over  4  hr.  Total  working  time  for  making  the  male  and 
female  dies  and  press  was  20  hr. 

(Continued  on  page  116) 


32 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


suit 


DESien  SERVICE  Co. 


3    WILLIAM    STREET  NEWARK    Z. 

MARKCT   2-431O 

NEW  YORK  DIVISION 

1 2O  LIBCRTY  STREET  NEW   YORK   6.    N. 

BECKMAN     3-5311 


COMPLETE  OlMGN  SERVICE 


FKBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


2  plastics  parts,  a  large  share  of  them  phenolic,  which  have  cut  costs  and  weight  on  the  North  American  I 


JPhenoIics  Boost 


\  J(en    West 


Number  of  Guns  in  the  Plane's  JVbse 
Section  Has  Been  Doubled  As  Result 
Of  the  Reduction  in  the  Weight  of 
Accessories  Achieved  with  Phenolics 


WHEN  the  Army  asked  North  American  Aviation  to 
step  up  the  firepower  of  its  B-25  Mitchell  bomber 
without  increasing  its  weight,  NAA  engineers  designed  a 
new  nose  section  housing  eight  guns  where  before  there 
were  only  four.  They  omitted  the  75  mm  cannon  in  this 
new  arrangement,  but  with  eight  guns  in  the  nose,  four 
side  guns,  and  two  upper  guns  that  can  shoot  forward, 
the  B-2S  still  has  terrific  firepower  in  its  14  guns. 

The  mechanics  of  accommodating  the  accumulative  rapid 
fire  within  the  limited  confines  of  the  nose  section  posed 
something  of  a  problem.  Ammunition  has  to  be  delivered 
automatically  to  eight  guns  at  approxamtely  800  rounds 
per  minute  per  gun.  And  the  empty  shells,  discharged  at 
the  same  rate,  must  have  some  place  to  go.  Doubling  the 
number  of  guns  meant  doubling  the  number  of  ammunition 
cases  to  feed  the  guns,  as  well  as  doubling  the  number  of 
ejector  chutes  to  carry  away  the  empty  shells.  Also,  space 
had  to  be  provided  to  store  the  empty  shells  until  the  air- 
plane returned  to  its  base  because  brass  in  these  quantities 
is  too  valuable  to  throw  away.  Also,  if  cases  and  links 
were  ejected  from  the  airplane  they  might  strike  other 
aircraft  in  the  formation. 


Naturally,  the  design  presented  a  number  of  problems 
but  that  little  clause  "without  increasing  its  weight,"  which 
was  a  part  of  the  Army  request,  is  both  the  meat  and  the 
nut  of  this  story. 

The  first  experimental  nose  was  designed  for  metal,  but 
doubling  the  number  of  ammunition  cases,  guns  and  ejector 
chutes  more  than  offset  the  weight  saved  by  discarding 
the  cannon.  The  ammunition  cases  already  were  made  of 
laminated  plastics  which  have  become  standard,  but  the 
ejector  chutes  were  designed  for  stainless  steel.  (These 
chutes  weigh  .081  Ib).  Sharps  shells  ejecting  at  a  45"  angle 
at  the  rate  of  14  per  second  against  rigid  steel  soon  'scuff 
the  surface  so  badly  it  has  to  be  replaced  or  it  will  deform 
and  eventually  wear  through.  A  steel  plate  thick  enough 
to  stand  the  constant  battering  during  firing  periods  with- 
out denting  is  too  heavy  to  use. 

North  American  engineers  have  faced  this  problem  be- 
fore and  they  have  had  considerable  experience  with  lami- 
nated phenolics  in  similar  applications  where  weight  has 
been  saved  and  the  length  of  life  increased  in  many  parts. 
Therefore,  laminated  phenolics  were  post- formed  to  make 
the  chute  and  a  stainless  steel  plate  1/32"  thick  was  riveted 
to  the  end  where  the  shells  strike  (this  chute  weighs  .043 
Ib).  They  fired  10,000  rounds  per  gun  against  these  chutes 
before  turning  the  experimental  nose  over  to  the  Army  for 
further  tests.  The  Army  fired  another  8000  rounds  per 
gun.  When  it  is  considered  that  this  amount  of  firing  is 
equal  to  the  firing  done  in  about  45  combat  missions,  and 
that  the  normal  life  expectancy  of  a  combat  plane  is  be- 
(Continued  on  page  118) 


34 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY   1945 


Machine  guns  in  the  modified 
B  25  nose  section  have  been 
removed  to  show  the  plastics 
ejector  chutes,  vent  ducts 


Nose  section  units  (includ- 
ing guns  and  ammunition)  as- 
sembled (or  final  inspection: 
52  parts  are  made  ol  plastics 


1— —  HANDLE 
WITH  CM 

Bu     William    Sckacli 


\ 


PLASTICS'   East  Coast  Editor 

Combinations  Found  in 
Nature  Serve  as  a  Guide 
To  Producer  oi  Plastics 

COLOR  harmony  may  be  termed  that 
"final  touch"  which  can  make  or 
break  a  product  on  the  market.  An  item 
may  be  practical,  durable  and  convenient; 
it  may  have  been  well-designed,  efficiently 
engineered,  economically  produced  and 
assembled,  and  widely  distributed,  only  to 
run  up  against  a  consumer  preference 
for  products  featuring  other  colors  or 
color  combinations.  Too  often  this  reac- 
tion is  attributed  to  public  caprice,  when 
actually  it  is  based  on  the  buyer's  in- 
stinctive appreciation  of  color  harmony 
and  propriety. 

The  colors  of  the  product  itself  arc 
not  the  only  factor  involved.  Also  con- 
sidered by  the  buyer  are  the  colors  of 
other  items  with  which  it  is  used  and 
the  environment  in  which  it  is  placed. 
An  acrylic  fruit  juicer  may  be  in  a  beau- 
tiful chartreuse,  but  it  doesn't  occupy  the 
entire  kitchen.  The  problem  is  even  more 
pronounced  in  other  rooms  of  the  home. 

Color  is  especially  important  in  the 
plastics  industry,  whose  materials  lend 
themselves  so  admirably  to  it  and  often 
build  their  market  around  its  appeal. 
Manufacturers  faced  with  the  need  for 
determining  consumer  preference  in  ad- 
vance have  often  wished  for  some  type  of 
authoritative  advice  when  selecting  color 
combinations.  And  with  plastics  slated 
to  play  more  varied  roles  in  postwar  mar- 
kets, particularly  in  decorative  fields,  the 
need  for  color  guidance  will  continue  to 
grow. 

That  the  plastics  world  is  aware  of  this 
fact  is  evident  from  the  interest  some 
leading  companies  have  expressed  in  the 
color  merchandising  guide  developed  by 
a  New  York  organization  known  as 
Quantacolor.  Although  its  method  of  es- 
tablishing color  harmonies  is  somewhat 
(Continued  on  page  120  ) 

Samples  of  plastics  materials  are  com- 
pared with  the  Quanta  color  chart  to 
assure  choice  of  orooer  combinations 


SALE 


New  concepts  of  beauty  to  defy  the  imagination  .  .  .  that's  Columbia's 

program  for  plastics  when  its  creative  skill  and  versatility  are  again 
applied  to  the  arts  of  peace.  Until  then,  remember . . .  Columbia  Plastics 

are  blended  of  engineering  knowledge,  scientific  research,  design  and 
production  technique — seasoned  with  vision  and  ingenuity  that  makes 
plastic  dreams  come  true. 


LHMIIA    PKOTEKTOSITE    CO.,  INC.  •  CARLSTADT,   N.  J. 


COLUMBIA 


UNDCR     ONE     B/G     ROOF    AT    AUTO-LITC 


America  is  finding  out  most  products  are  more  salable 
when  they  are  made  beautiful — and  so  often  the  change 
is  easily  accomplished.  Here,  under  one  big  roof,  are 
the  technical  skills  and  the  equipment  which  provide 
decorative  developments  in  both  plastics  and  metal. 

So,  when  you  are  considering  ways  of  meeting  postwar 
competition,  it  will  pay  you  to  investigate  how  beauty 
and  utility  are  being  combined  at  Auto-Lite's  Bay  Manu- 
facturing Division.  To  find  what  can  be  done,  write  to 

THE    ELECTRIC    AUTO-LITE    COMPANY 

Dtlreil   2,  Mich.         to,  Monufocli/rmg  OixMion        Bay  Cily,   Mich. 


STIGS  AND  METALS 

*      *      * 


Tune    in    "Everything    for    the    Boys"    Starring    Dick    Haymes  —  Every 
Tuesday     Night  -  NBC    Network 


Know  the 


This  intricate  and  attractive  "Plaskon"  radio  cabinet  exemplifies  the  designs  obtainable  in  urea-formaldehyde  molding 

ooth -Finished,  Inert,  Highly  Colorable,  Urea-Formaldehyde 
Resins  Can  Offer  Strength  Out  of  Proportion  to  Their  Weight 


T11K  importance  of  urea-formaldehyde  resin  molding 
compounds,  which  grew  rapidly  through  a  steadily  in- 
creasing number  of  diversified  applications  prior  to  the 
war.  has  become  even  more  generally  recognized  under  the 
stress  of  war.  For  a  wide  variety  of  wartime  applications, 
urea-formaldehyde  resins — in  essential  civilian  as  well  as 
:ritica!  war  products — have  convincingly  demonstrated 
heir  many  advantages. 

Buttons  for  garments  of  the  armed  forces  and  civilians, 
ight  reflectors,  cones  for  adapting  X-ray  machines  used 
n  dental  examinations,  fluorescent  lighting  sockets,  color- 
roded  switches  for  aircraft  controls,  varied  electrical  equip- 
ment parts,  spools  that  carry  film  used  in  military  photog- 
raphy, tableware,  sand  core  binder  for  magnesium  casting, 
:ontainers  and  closures  of  many  types  .  .  .  these  are  but  a 
'ew  of  innumerable  recent  applications  which  point  to  a 


great  peacetime  future  for  the  urea-formaldehyde  resins. 
Many  wartime  uses  cannot  be  divulged  at  this  time,  but 
it  can  be  said  that  urea- formaldehyde  molding  compounds 
are  being  used  for  essential  jobs  that  few  other  materials 
could  handle. 

Made  from  urea-formaldehyde  resin,  cellulose  filler,  pig- 
ments and  other  chemicals  in  varying  proportions,  urea- 
formaldehyde  compounds  are  generally  supplied  in  the  form 
of  small  granules,  ready  for  molding  in  steel  dies  into 
almost  any  desired  form  under  heat  and  pressure. 

During  molding,  the  material  softens  into  a  plastic  mass 
which,  in  a  few  seconds,  flows  into  every  unrestricted  area 
of  the  die.  The  compound  then  undergoes  a  chemical  re- 
action and  converts  to  an  infusible,  hard,  strong  and  insol- 
uble form,  shaped  by  the  die.  In  many  cases,  the  molded 
article  is  then  ready  for  use  after  only  a  simple  finishing 
operation. 

One  of  the  chief  advantages  of  urea-formaldehyde  mate- 
rials is  the  wide  range  of  colors  and  shades  in  which  they 
are  obtainable.  Prior  to  the  development  of  Plaskon  in 
1931,  thermosetting  materials  permitted  only  the  molding 
of  dark  brown  and  black  articles,  due  to  the  inherently 
dark  colors  of  the  resins  used.  Plaskon,  by  incorporating 
water-white  urea-formaldehyde  resin  with  colorless,  chemi- 
cally-purified cellulose  as  a  filler,  permitted  the  addition  of 
any  color  of  pigment  which  would  then  become  an  integral 
part  of  the  compound.  Another  advantage  of  urea  mold- 
ing compounds  is  that,  unlike  colored  phenolic  compounds, 

Components  of  urea  molding  compounds, 
shown  in  top  row,  left  to  right,  are 
crystal  urea,  formaldehyde  and  ground 
alpha  cellulose.  Dishes  below  contain 
American  Cyanamid  Co.'*  "Beetle"  in 


UNDCK     ONf     B/G     ROOF    AT    AUTO-llTl 


America  is  finding  out  most  products  are  more  salable 
when  they  are  made  beautiful — and  so  often  the  change 
is  easily  accomplished.  Here,  under  one  big  roof,  are 
the  technical  skills  and  the  equipment  which  provide 
decorative  developments  in  both  plastics  and  metal. 

So,  when  you  are  considering  ways  of  meeting  postwar 
competition,  it  will  pay  you  to  investigate  how  beauty 
and  utility  are  being  combined  at  Auto-Lite's  Bay  Manu- 
facturing Division.  To  find  what  can  be  done,  write  to 

THE    ELECTRIC    AUTO-LITE    COMPANY 

Dttreil   2,  Mich.         tor  Moixilottunng  Division        Boy  City,   Mich. 


PLASTICS  AND  METALS 

*      *      * 


Tuna    in    "Everything    for    the    Boyi"    Starring    Dick    Haymei  —  Every 
Tuesday    Night  -  NBC    Network 


Know  the 


This  intricate  and  attractive  "Plaskon"  radio  cabinet  exemplifies  the  designs  obtainable  in  urea-formaldehyde  molding 


'mooth-Finished,  Inert,  Highly  Colorable,  Urea-Formaldehyde 
Res/us  Can   Offer  Strength  Out  of  Proportion  to  Their  Weight 


rHF.  importance  of  urea-formaldehyde  resin  molding 
compounds,  which  grew  rapidly  through  a  steadily  in- 
reasing  number  of  diversified  applications  prior  to  the 
far,  has  become  even  more  generally  recognized  under  the 
tress  of  war.  For  a  wide  variety  of  wartime  applications, 
rea-formaldehyde  resins — in  essential  civilian  as  well  as 
ritical  war  products — have  convincingly  demonstrated 
leir  many  advantages. 

Buttons  for  garments  of  the  armed  forces  and  civilians, 
ght  reflectors,  cones  for  adapting  X-ray  machines  used 
i  dental  examinations,  fluorescent  lighting  sockets,  color- 
oded  switches  for  aircraft  controls,  varied  electrical  equip- 
ment parts,  spools  that  carry  film  used  in  military  photog- 
aphy,  tableware,  sand  core  binder  for  magnesium  casting, 
ontainers  and  closures  of  many  types  .  .  .  these  are  but  a 
ew  of  innumerable  recent  applications  which  point  to  a 


great  peacetime  future  for  the  urea-formaldehyde  resins. 
Many  wartime  uses  cannot  be  divulged  at  this  time,  but 
it  can  be  said  that  urea- formaldehyde  molding  compounds 
are  being  used  for  essential  jobs  that  few  other  materials 
could  handle. 

Made  from  urea-formaldehyde  resin,  cellulose  filler,  pig- 
ments and  other  chemicals  in  varying  proportions,  urea- 
formaldehyde  compounds  are  generally  supplied  in  the  form 
of  small  granules,  ready  for  molding  in  steel  dies  into 
almost  any  desired  form  under  heat  and  pressure. 

During  molding,  the  material  softens  into  a  plastic  mass 
which,  in  a  few  seconds,  flows  into  every  unrestricted  area 
of  the  die.  The  compound  then  undergoes  a  chemical  re- 
action and  converts  to  an  infusible,  hard,  strong  and  insol- 
uble form,  shaped  by  the  die.  In  many  cases,  the  molded 
article  is  then  ready  for  use  after  only  a  simple  finishing 
operation. 

One  of  the  chief  advantages  of  urea-formaldehyde  mate- 
rials is  the  wide  range  of  colors  and  shades  in  which  they 
are  obtainable.  Prior  to  the  development  of  Plaskon  in 
1931,  thermosetting  materials  permitted  only  the  molding 
of  dark  brown  and  black  articles,  due  to  the  inherently 
dark  colors  of  the  resins  used.  Plaskon,  by  incorporating 
water-white  urea-formaldehyde  resin  with  colorless,  chemi- 
cally-purified cellulose  as  a  filler,  permitted  the  addition  of 
any  color  of  pigment  which  would  then  become  an  integral 
part  of  the  compound.  Another  advantage  of  urea  mold- 
ing compounds  is  that,  unlike  colored  phenolic  compounds, 

Components  of  urea  molding  compounds, 
shown  in  top  row,  left  to  right,  are 
crystal  urea,  formaldehyde  and  ground 
alpha  cellulose.  Dishes  below  contain 
American  Cy  ana  mid  Co.'s  "Beetle"  In 


m 


Just  a  lew  ol  the  product  types  which  can  be  produced  from  urea  materials,  as  illustrated  by  these  units  molded  of 
"Plaskon:"  (1)  Refrigerator  control,  (2)  stove  control  housing,  (3)  cup  for  paper  containers.  (4)  infant's  drinking 
cup.  (5)  small  light  fixture.  (6)  circuit  breaker  case,  (7)  stove  cock,  (8)  stove  handle,  (9)  electric  plug  socket, 
(10)  panel  board  switch  handle.  (11)  infant's  dish,  (12)  clamp,  (13)  spotlight  switch  and  (14)  infant's  feeding  bowl 


they  can  be  made  with  a  considerable  degree  of  trans- 
lucency,  imparting  brightness,  depth  of  color  and  a  jewel- 
like  quality  to  the  molded  article. 

Cellulosic  filler  also  makes  molding  compounds  more 
moldable,  strengthens  them,  lowers  their  density  and  ex- 
tends them  with  a  less  expensive  material,  thus  effecting 
substantial  economies  in  the  production  of  most  molded 
items. 

Even  more  significant  is  the  fact  that  it  produces  a  re- 
markable improvement  in  dimensional  stability.  The  clear 
molded  resin  is  subject  to  shrinking,  crazing,  cracking  and 
general  breakdown  with  time,  due  to  the  formation  of  free 
water  during  the  polymerization  process.  This  water, 
which  is  held  within  the  resin,  must  be  absorbed  by  filler ; 
otherwise  the  resin  will  shrink  as  the  water  separates  from 
it.  By  swelling  as  it  absorbs  moisture,  the  filler  takes  up 
the  volume  left  by  resin  shrinkage. 

As  much  as  30%  of  high  grade  alpha  cellulose  pulp  is 
used  in  many  urea  compositions. 

Besides  being  high-pressure  molded,  urea-formaldehyde 
compounds  may  be  used  to  impregnate  layers  of  fine  paper, 
which  are  laminated  under  low  pressures  into  sheets  or 
simple  curves,  generally  for  the  purpose  of  producing  sur- 
face layers  for  decorative  applications.  These  laminates 
can  be  made  much  stronger  than  moldings  due  to  the  fact 
that  paper  is  in  whole  form  in  the  laminated  stock,  whereas 
cellulosic  filler  is  ground  up. 

Urea  resin  also  finds  broad  application  in  the  form  of 
coatings,  adhesives  and  modifying  agents  for  the  conver- 
sion of  paper  into  special  forms,  such  as  the  development 
of  high  wet-strength,  at  small  added  cost,  thus  greatly  en- 
larging the  applications  of  paper  products.  When  com- 
bined with  starch  adhesives,  this  resin  makes  possible  the 
production  of  the  "V"  series  of  military  fiber  containers 
which  can  preserve  their  contents  under  widely-varying 
weather  conditions  throughout  the  world.  The  bond  re- 
mains stronger  than  the  paper  even  after  24-hrs  water 
immersion  at  70-80°  F.  When  employed  with  other  resins, 
the  urea  can  be  developed  into  adhesives  with  great  sen- 
sitivity to  heat  and  pressure. 


A  brief  outline  of  other  important  qualities  of  urea- 
formaldehyde  resins  is  given  in  the  following: 
SrKFACK  AMI  FINISH  : — Molded  urea-formaldehyde-  are 
very  smooth,  attractive  to  the  eye,  warm  to  the  touch. 
Their  surface  lustre  and  polish  may  be  as  high  as  desired. 
Moldings  are  resistant  to  chipping,  rusting  and  corrosion. 
Scratching  and  abrasion  of  surfaces  do  not  impair  color 
value. 

RKSISTANCK  : — Molded  urea- formaldehyde  resins  offer 
unique  resistance  to  common  organic  solvents,  such  as 
alcohol  and  acetone,  in  which  they  may  be  immersed  for' 
indefinite  periods  without  harmful  effect,  or  bleeding  of 
(Continued  an  puyc  112) 


Typical  Properties  of  Urea-Formaldehyde  Resins 

Specific    gravity    1.45-1. 5 

Tensile  strength    (psi)   8-13,00 

Modulus  of  elasticity    (tensile   psi)  .1,555.000-1,655.00 

Compressive  strength    (psi) 25-35,00 

Flexural   strength    (psi)  .  .........  10-16,000 

Impact  strength    (ft-lb  per  in  of  notch — '/2*   X   '/2*  notched 

bar    Izod    test) 24-.3 

Hardness  (Brinnell,   10  mm  ball,  500  leg  load) 48-5 

Hardness    (Rockwell)    MII8-MI2 

Resistance  to  heat    (°F,   continuous) 17 

Volume     resistivity      (ohm-cm — 50%      relative     humidity 

at   25°    C)    1012-10' 

Surface    resistivity    (megohms)    4  X  10 

Arc  resistance   (unconditioned  test  specimen) ..180-18 

Dielectric  strength    (short  time,  per  mil,  '/8     thickness) 300-40 

Dielectric  constant    (60  cycles) 7.0-7. 

Dielectric  constant    (1,000,000  cycles) 6.2-6. 

Power  factor    (60  cycles) 039-.04 

Power  factor    (1,000.000  cycles)  ...  .029-.032 

Water  absorption    (24  hr,  %)....  S-.7 

( I    week,    %) 2.4-2.8 

Effect  of  weak   acids Attack 

Effect   of   strong    acids Decomposes 

Effect   of   weak    alkalies -  None 

Effect   of   strong   alkalies  Attack 

Effect  of  organic  solvents  None 

Clarity     „- - Translucent 

„  Color  possibilities   ..  Unlimited 


40 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


S  A  V  -  W  A  Y 
INDUSTRIES 


MACHINE       TOOL       DIVISION 


BOX   117,    HARPER    STATION 

DETROIT        13,        MICHIGAN 


FKHKl  ARY    1943 


PLASTICS 


11 


Diagram  outlining  the  processes  involved  in  the  production  of  alkyd  resins 

Alkyd  Resins  Provide 
Versatile,  Durable  Finishes 


(^teorqia    eJLeffinqwett  ana     Irli 
J         </  II       a 


on 


oL 


edAer 


Outstanding    Adhesion,     Gloss, 
Color  and  Service  Are  Among 

Qualities  Recommending    the 
A  Ik  yds  for  Many  Applications 


EVEN  though  the  alkyd  resins  are  comparative  new- 
comers in  the  field  of  synthetic  resins,  they  have  won 
themselves  an  important  place  in  the  plastics  industry. 

Probably  the  earliest  record  of  research  leading  to  the 
development  of  the  alkyd  resins  goes  back  to  1847.  In 
that  year,  Berzelius  announced  what  appears  to  be  the 
original  alkyd,  consisting  of  a  resinous  product  derived 
from  glycerine  and  tartaric  acid.  Nine  years  later,  van 
Bemmelen  reported  that  syrupy  products  were  obtained  by 
heating  together  glycerine  and  succinic  acid  or  glycerine 
and  citric  acid. 

Although  these  observations  are  part  of  the   chemical 


record,  most  authorities  prefer  to  think  of  1901  as  the 
year  in  which  modern  alkyd  resins  really  had  their  start. 
It  was  then  that  Watson  Smith*,  while  studying  phthalein 
dyes,  obtained  a  transparent,  highly  refractive  resin-like 
substance  when  glycerine  and  phthalic  anhydride  were 
heated  together.  He  suggested  that  this  product  might  be 
useful  as  a  cement  for  ceramic  wares.  The  modified  glyc- 
erine-phthalate  resins,  which  form  the  present  day  basis 
for  the  wide  use  of  these  products  in  protective  and  dec- 
orative coatings  and  in  many  other  fields,  did  not  begin 


•Smith.  W.:    J.  Soc.  Chem.   Ind.  20:1075,    1901. 


42 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


88<  per  M. 


These  insulators  are  %"  dia..  3/lG"  thick.  They 
are  made  eight  at  a  time,  in  a  sub-cavity  mold. 
Flash  is 
very  thin, 
removed  by 
simple  tum- 
bling. Better 

than  6000  are  molded  per  day  (24  hours)  one 
machine,  and  four  or  five  Automatics  are  kept 
running  continuously  on  the  job.  The  cost  quoted 
is  for  material,  heat  and  power  and  labor  only, 
does  not  include  overhead  or  amortization.  With 
sub-cavity  molds  Automatic  production  of  small 
parts  is  high,  up  to  10  M.  or  more  per  day  .  .  . 
Automatic  accuracy  is  obtainable  on  long  runs. 

IMPOSSIBLE? 

A  number  of  mold- 
ers  said  this  job 
was  impossible  .  .  . 
turned  it  down.  It  is 
a  harmonica  comb 

in  which  reed  slot  tolerances  must  be  held  to 
.0005"  to  make  them  airtight  when  the  reeds  are 
in  place.  This  molding  is  an  excellent  example  of 
intricate  work  profitably  handled  Automatically 
.  .  .  parts  are  identical,  uniform,  accurate  ...  re- 
jects are  negligible. 


F.   J.    STOKES 

6040  Tabor  Road 


MACHINE    CO. 

Philadelphia  20,  Pa. 


'- 


The   Sloket  200  D  CorapltUly  Automatic 
Molding  Pr«i.  IS  toni  capacity. 

Pcttntcd  in  U.S.  and  abroad.  Other  paltnti 
pending. 

Why  not  investigate  the  demonstrated  advan- 
tages and  economies  of  Completely  Automatic 
Molding?  We  are  prepared  to  make  molding  and 
installation  cost  studies  for  you. 


MOLDING  FnillPMFNT 


to  appear  until  about  the  second  decade  of  the  present 
century.  Since  a  wide  variety  of  alkyd  resins  is  possible 
by  the  use  of  different  materials  and  different  modifiers, 
the  number  of  types  of  alkyds  possible  seems  endless. 

Despite  these  numerous  developments,  glycerine  remains 
one  of  the  basic  raw  materials  essential  for  the  production 
of  alkyd  resins.  According  to  Hovey  and  Hodgins,**  al- 
though thousands  of  alkyd  compositions  have  been  de- 
scribed in  the  literature,  comparatively  few  depart  from 
the  use  of  glycerine,  phthalic  anhydride,  and  oil  deriva- 
tives. This  is  amply  reflected  in  government  statistics  on 
glycerine  consumption,  which  show  that  more  of  this  fluid 
went  into  the  production  of  synthetic  resins  than  into  any 
other  field  of  manufacture.  In  round  figures,  52.488,000  Ib 
of  glycerine  were  consumed  during  1943  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  synthetic  resins  and  ester  gums.*** 

Alkyd  resins  are  generally  made  up  of  various  mixtures 
and  combinations  of  polyhydric  alcohols,  polybasic  acids 
and  modifying  agents;  the  fundamental  chemical  reaction 
being  one  of  esterification  to  give  complex  compounds  of 
high  molecular  weight.  Through  a  careful  selection  of  the 
proper  alcohol,  acid  and  modifier  a  product  may  be  pro- 
duced which  will  have  the  requisite  qualities  of  drying 
rate,  durability,  viscosity,  pigment  retention  and  tough- 
ness. Although  other  polyhydric  alcohols  have  been  used, 
as  Martin(1)  points  out,  the  employment  of  glycerine, 
with  its  three  hydroxyl  groups,  provides  a  chance  for 
more  cross  linkages  and  the  formation  of  three-dimensional 
molecules  of  greater  complexity,  durability  and  drying  rate. 

An  increased  number  of  carbon  atoms  in  the  polybasic 
acid  portion  of  the  alkyd  usually  results  in  tougher,  more 

"Hovey,   A.  G.  and   Hodqins.  T.  5.:    Paint.   Oil   and  Chem.   Rev.;  Jan.   IB, 

1940,   p.  9. 

•"McConlogue,   W.   C..   and   tenth.   C.  W.:     Fats  and   Oils  Situation,    Feb.. 
1944,   p.  II. 


durable  products.  Phthalic  anhydride,  because  of  its  east 
of  reaction,  low  cost  and  ready  availability  under  norma! 
conditions,  is  usually  employed  in  preference  to  acids  sucl: 
as  maleic,  succinic,  sebacic  or  tartaric  acid.  Quite  a  va- 
riety of  modifying  agents  may  be  used  in  conjunction  with 
the  alcohol  and  acid.  These  include  drying,  semi-drying, 
or  non-drying  oil ;  the  fatty  acid  of  such  an  oil ;  a  natura 
resin,  a  synthetic  resin,  and  many  other  substances.  These 
modifying  agents  are  of  importance  in  that  they  materially 
determine  many  of  the  characteristics  of  the  finished  alkyc 
resin.'21 

Types  of  Finishes 

The  alkyds  play  an  ever-growing  role  in  modern  finishes 
and  coating  materials.*3'  As  a  class,  these  resins  are 
characterized  by  good  adhesion,  excellent  color  and  unusua 
exterior  serviceability,  including  good  gloss  and  color  re- 
tention on  exposure.  <4)  Possessing  an  inherent  beauty 
all  their  own,  the  alkyds  are  adaptable  to  practically  every 
phase  of  coating  where  superior  qualities  are  essential  to 
provide  protection  from  wear,  tear,  rough  handling  and  the 
elements. (5)  As  remarked  by  Wakeman  and  Weil,'6 
alkyds  have  become  indispensable  in  the  formulation  of 
synthetic  coatings.  In  combination  with  nitrocellulose, 
phenolic  or  urea  resins,  the  alkyds  have  found  extensive 
application  in  quick-drying  interior  finishes,  automobile 
lacquers,  refrigerator  enamels  and  in  all  manner  of  pro- 
tective coating  materials  for  the  armed  forces.  Glyceryl 
phthalate  resins,  for  example,  are  frequently  demanded  in 
many  government  specifications  for  aircraft  finishes,  in- 
cluding aircraft  engine  finishes.'7' 

Although   the  outstanding  characteristics   of   glycerine- 
(Continitcd  on  page  103) 


'  PHTHALIC  1 
{ANHYDRIDE  i 


/CATALYST) 
I/METALLICV 
\k  OXIDES/) 


POLYBA3M 
ACIDS 


ETHYLENE  1 
LOICHlORIftiJ 


BENZENE 


400-500° C 


1    MALEIC     ' 
(ANHYDRIDE  ; 


PETROLEUM) 


ANIMAL  FAT) 

OR 


BOILED  TO 
THICK  SYRUP 


ETHYLENE 
.    CLYCOL 


ALKALINE 
CATALYST 


'GLYCERINE! 

,  ANDBBiNE 


SODIUM     , 
WYOROXlOEJ 


DISTILLATION 


POLYHYD8K 
ALCOHOLS 


Diagrams,  courtesy  Simon. H  &  Ellis'  "Handbook  of  Plastics."     D.  Van  Xostrand  Co. 

Flow  chart  showing  derivation  of  two  polybasic  acids  and  two  polyhydric  alcohols  most  used  in  producing  alkyd  resins 


44 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1 


945 


PLASTIC  MOLDERS  can  look  at  a  prospective  job 
from  two  angles.  They  can  take  the  blueprint 
you  supply,  figure  their  methods,  materials, 
costs  and  deliveries  exactly  as  indicated.  That 
is,  they  can  read  just  the  lines  on  the  blueprints. 

AT  GENERAL  INDUSTRIES,  we  do  more.  Natu- 
ralU .  you  know  the  functions  of  the  plastic  part 
better  than  we  do,  so  we  don't  attempt  any- 
major  design  changes.  But  we  do  know  plastics, 
and  from  our  wide  experience  can  make  sugges- 
tions which  come  from  reading  between  the 
tines  of  the  blueprint. 

QUITE  OFTEN,  our  customers  have  found  that 
our  ideas  result  in  a  product  improved  in  utility 
or  appearance,  delivered  quicker  and  at  a  lower 
final  cost. 

THIS  METHOD  calls  for  wide  experience  in  the 
plastic  industry.  It  requires  a  real  knowledge  of 
mold  making  and  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
many  different  plastic  compounds.  And,  of 


course,  it  must  be  backed  up  by  modern  equip- 
ment and  operators  who  know  their  jobs. 

SO,  when  yon  are  thinking  of  postwar  plastic 
parts,  we  suggest  that  you  ask  us  to  "read  be- 
tween the  blueprint  lines."  Right  now,  we're 
100%  on  war  work,  but  when  that  job  is  done, 
we'll  have  engineers  and  facilities  to  take  on  your 
peacetime  plastic  molding.  We'd 
like  to  have  you  call  on  us. 


THE 


MOLDED         PLASTICS 


Molded  Flatties  Division      • 

Ckiciio:  Phut  Ctitrtf  1431 
Ittnit:  PkMi  Madison  2141 


Elyria,   Ohio 

It:  Rhine  D*r  1111 

iii:PkmCMi<ii2215 


•KBKl'ARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


45 


Fiberglas-Resin  Linings 
For  Aircraft  Interiors 


Broad  Future  Seen  for  Light' 
Weight,  Fireproof  Laminates 
Whose  Insulating  Properties 
Cut  Heat  Cost,  Engine  Noise 

OUTSTANDING  progress  in  low-weight  soundproof- 
ing and  protection  of  aircraft  interiors  has  been 
achieved  through  the  use  of  newly-developed  laminates  com- 
posed of  thin  sheets  of  cloth-bonded  Fiberglas,  impregnated 
with  thermosetting  types  of  resins. 

Hailed  by  engineers  as  a  major  advancement  in  both 
military  and  post-war  aircraft  design,  one  laminate  in- 
corporates minute  (.0001  "-diameter)  fibers  with  a  density 
of  only  0.6  Ib  per  cu  ft.  In  the  finished  lining,  glass  fibers 
are  combined  with  an  extremely  light  interior  cloth  and 
a  thin  sheet  of  cellophane,  accomplishing  a  saving  of  200 
Ib  per  4-engined  bomber.  Research  by  Consolidated  Vul- 
tee's  Ft.  Worth  division  guided  the  development. 

Besides  soundproofing  the  interior,  and  protecting  the 
fuselage  walls,  the  lining  also  provides  valuable  thermal 
insulation,  which  becomes  increasingly  important  with 
flights  at  higher  altitude  and  extreme  climates.  Its  added 
thermal  insulation  permits  reduction  in  the  size  of  heaters 
and  ducts  required  to  maintain  heat  under  conditions  of 
severe  cold.  In  some  cases,  it  is  possible  to  eliminate  as 
much  as  70  Ib  of  heating  and  heat-distributing  equipment 
by  adding  30  Ib  of  insulation  in  the  cabin  and  flight  deck. 
By  lowering  the  sound  level  within  the  plane,  the  insulation 


V-FILM 


A  cross-section  view  through  the  fuselage  skin  of  the 
aircraft  showing  how  the  insulating  blanket  is  applied 


Employees  at  Consolidated  Vultee  Aircraft  Co.'s  Fort  Worth 
division  install  "Fiberglas"  blanket  in  "Liberator  Express" 


greatly   reduces   the   operating    fatigue   of   the   crew. 

Another  important  gain  is  due  to  the  low  moisture  ab- 
sorption of  the  new  material,  in  comparison  with  the  kapok 
blanket  formerly  used  for  insulation  purposes.  Field  ex- 
perience showed  that  kapok  gained  as  much  as  40%  of  its 
own  weight  by  moisture  pickup  under  service  conditions. 
Its  weight  was  0.331  psi  for  a  1"  overall  thickness. 

By  contrast,  the  Fiberglas-resln  material  picks  up  no 
moisture  when  subjected  to  125°F  and  90%  relative  hu- 
midity, and  has  a  weight  one-fourth  that  of  kapok.  Its  low 
thermal  conductivity  is  indicated  by  a  "K"  factor  at  70°  F 
mean  temperature  of  0.24  Btu  psf  per  hour  per  inch  of 
thickness  per  °F.  The  material  is  also  considered  fire- 
proof, is  chemically  inert,  and  thus  causes  no  corrosion 
of  metals  with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

Tests  simulating  tropical  conditions  showed  that  adsorp- 
tion of  moisture  at  a  temperature  of  125°  F  with  a  relative 
humidity  of  90%  for  50  hr  resulted  in  the  following  in- 
crease in  moisture  content:  Fiberglas  X A A-PF,  1%;  rock 
wool,  1%;  paper-base  insulation,  47.5%,  and  kapok,  190%. 

A  different  type  of  Fiberglas  lining,  consisting  of 
hard,  thin  sheets,  is  exemplified  in  the  lining  of  stand- 
ard military  cargo  planes,  which  Pennsylvania-Central 
Airlines  is  now  converting  to  non-military  cargo  trans- 
port In  these  are  being  installed  A"  sheets  to  guard 
the  fuselage  skin  against  contact  with  heavy  cargo 
in  loading  and  unloading.  The  material  was  chosen  for  its 
high  impact  strength,  light  weight,  ability  to  withstand 
severe  vibration,  dimensional  stability  throughout  tempera- 
ture extremes  and  humidity  changes.  END 


46 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Most  of  us  take  a  comb  more  or  less  for  granted.  But  to  the  plastics  industry,  this  comb  is 
different.  Made  of  the  No.  1  postwar  plastic  —  Styron  (Dow  Polystyrene)  —  it  is  the  "measuring 
stick"  for  plastics  in  respect  to  appearance,  quality,  price  and  moldability.  There  are  a  number 
of  reasons  for  this  leadership.  First,  Styron  comes  from  the  only  privately  owned  synthetic 
sl\rcne  plant  with  sufficient  facilities  to  care  for  molders'  postwar  requirements.  This  means 
availability  —  and  it  means  an  attractive  price;  add  to  these  advantages  Styron's  long  recog- 
nized superior  physical  properties,  and  the  list  of  potential  uses  becomes  almost  unlimited. 
Why  not  find  out  how  Styron  fits  into  your  postwar  plans? 

\\  i-  .il   |)ciu  know  from  rxprricnrr  that  MHTC--  ill  pla-tir- 
ir-   nut   a   nnr-man    nor  c\fii   a   one-industry   |<>li.    It 
Calls  tor    the    romliinril    >kill    ami    ruiipiTatioll    ui    in.  mil- 

facturrr    <>r   ilc-iiim-i    plus    fabricator    pin-    raw 
materials    prmluriT.    \\orkiiif:    tcin-tlu-r.    tins 
II.MIII  ~a\r-  linn-  ami  inon<-\   ami  put-  plasticfl 
to  \\nrk  Mirro-l'ulK.  ('all  u>      \M-'1I  ilu  nnr  part. 


. 


THE 


DOW       CHEMICAL       COMPANY 
MIDLAND,       MICHIGAN 


, 

New  York.  Boston.   Philadelphia.    Waihincton.   Cleveland.    Drtroit 
Chica«a.    Si.   IX.IM-.    llouilon.    San  Kraiiciico,    Lo«  Aue^lr-     Sralllc 


i'KM.M  I.Mi  /'il/IM/ll  I  -I  -  l.,l,ii,,K  fixtures  an,!  (li>,,l:,vs; 
iii~ul.ilnr-;  hydrometer*;  l>:iltiT\  nisi".;  fmmi-l>;  Imttlcs;  c'liisiirt-s;  fi»p<l 
handling  equipment  :  ph.irrn.ic  mm  j|.  ruMin-tir.  ;ind  jrwrlry  i-niit.iinrr-; 
jewelry;  nfVertUUII  IH-MI-;  rcfriacralor  p^irls;  IM-RK;  |>encils;  chemical 

j|i|i.iratu>;  Irii-cs;  ili<i-nrativi-  ulijr.  i-  anil  trim. 


AND     ADf'.-1\l   !'./>   -lleautiful,     clear,     Iran-lii.-enl: 
licht   through   nul   arniiinl   i-nrn.-r>,   pjlc.i    n-i-i.iiit    lo   .imls  and 
JkallM;  -l.il'l'-  .il  Inv*   Irinprr.ilur.--;  i-\.  rlli-nt  rlrc-lriral  |ir"|ii-r  In--; 
hroad   inlnr    ranpe:    IMV.    ~|,«-,  iln-  gravity   pruviding  more   moldings  per 
|"iiiinl;  low  hater  absurption.        » 


JO  VST 


PLASTICS 


JTT»O«I  •  riHocri .  CTHOCEL  SHfrnire 

$A«AH  •  S*»N  FILM  •  ITtlKOAT 


ie  new  shoe  above,  after  being  worn  by  an  active  9-year- 
d  boy  ior  2  months,  looked  like  that  on  the  right.  Note 
ood-as-new  condition  oi  the  "Vinylite"-coated  cloth  tip 


&  Wi(Lm  .A. 


Can 


0331 


FOR  centuries,  the  shoe  industry  has  found  in  leather 
the  only  answer  to  many  of  the  problems  encountered 
in  designing  footwear.  With  all  its  faults,  leather  has  re- 
tained its  dominant  position,  and  any  material  which 
seeks  to  supplement  or  replace  it  must  offer  a  rare  com- 
bination of  qualities. 

Aware  of  the  sensational  gains  made  by  plastics  within 
the  last  decade,  however,  the  shoe  industry  has  looked  hope- 
fully to  plastics  producers  to  bring  forth  new  materials 
which  can  overcome  the  well-known  deficiencies  of  leather. 
Besides  being  "just  as  good"  as  leather,  of  course,  plastics 
would  have  to  contribute  additional  assets  before  they  could 
become  fully  accepted.  The  progress  to  date  indicates  that 
this  is  quite  feasible,  and  it  is  even  conceivable  that  plas- 
tics may  some  day  become  universal  shoe  materials. 

The  oft-heard  charge  that  tradition  in  the  shoe  industry 
blocks  the  acceptance  of  new  materials  has  little  validity, 
for  the  industry  is  eager  to  see  plastics  step  into  its  field, 
believing  that  they  will  open  new  opportunities  in  design, 
fabrication,  sales  and  other  aspects  of  manufacture.  As  for 
the  skepticism  of  the  retail  public  in  regard  to  new  mate- 
rials, it  can  be  regarded  as  a  healthy,  guiding  influence, 
rather  than  as  a  hurdle  to  progress. 

Let  us  analyze  the  future  of  the  shoe  industry  and  the 
problems  faced  by  plastics  in  its  expansion  into  that  field : 

It  is  expected  that  post-war  shoe  production  will  reach 
600  million  pairs  annually,  an  increase  of  100  million  over 
the  previous  record  high  of  1941.  This  does  not  include 
the  millions  of  pairs  that  will  be  produced  for  export  con- 
sumption, and  which  are  expected  to  double  or  even  triple 
previous  shoe  export  figures. 


A  recent  survey  of  600  shoe  manufacturers  and  sup- 
pliers revealed  that  71.1%  believed  that  plastics  soles  will 
be  increased  after  the  war.  The  majority  likewise  believed 
that  plastics  will  eventually  play  a  greater  all-around  role 
in  footwear. 

Thus  the  shoe  industry  may  become  one  of  the  largest 
pciM-war  markets  for  plastics,  despite  the  fact  that  two- 
thirds  of  the  world's  population  does  not  wear  shoes  as  a 
common  practice,  and  about  half  the  footwear  worn  outside 
the  U.  S.  is  made  of  wood,  fabric  and  other  materials  be- 
sides leather. 

In  the  survey  one  question  asked  was:  "Will  there  be 
more  development  work  in  leather  or  in  plastics?"  The 
opinions  were  61.5%  plastics,  38.5%  leather.  Also  signifi- 
cant is  the  fact  that  plastics  are  ideally  suited  for  volume 
production  rather  than  craft  or  handiwork  in  footwear. 
This  is  important,  for  52.6%  of  the  shoe  men  queried  be- 
lieved that  the  post-war  emphasis  will  be  on  volume  pro- 
duction, while  only  21%  thought  craft-made  shoes  would 
play  a  major  role. 

Another  interesting  aspect  was  the  types  of  shoes  ex- 
pected to  dominate  the  post-war  field.  The  poll  opinions 
were:  Comfortable  shoes,  73.9%  ;  sturdy  or  durable,  40.5%  ; 
lightweight,  25.2%.  Plastics  can  meet  all  these  needs. 

Also,  there  is  a  possibility  that  U.  S.  production  of  raw 
hides  may  be  lower  than  the  pre-war  level.  Tariff  barriers 
and  increasing  tension  between  the  U.S.  and  Argentina — 
normally  a  large  source  of  hide  exports — would  further 
reduce  our  hide  supply.  Leather  would  then  be  less  avail- 
able and  more  costly.  The  shoe  industry  would  have  to  turn 
to  new  materials,  and  plastics  would  be  the  brightest  hope 
among  these. 


i:; 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Meet  Footwear  Needs? 


//  Plastics  Can  Surmount  Hurdles  of 
Foot  Hygiene,  Stress  Resistance  and 
Workability,  They  May  Acquire 
Dominant  Position  in  Shoe  Industry 


In  some  important  instances  plastics  have  so  far  been 
unable  to  meet  some  of  the  specialized  requirements  of 
footwear.  Unfortunately  some  over-enthusiastic  plastic 
men  have  leaped  headlong  into  the  shoe  picture  with  plas- 
tic products  whose  assets  to  footwear  use  cast  a  cloud 
over  the  liabilities.  The  results  have  often  proved  disap- 
pointing. In  most  cases  the  disappointing  performance  of 
plastic  wore  not  due  to  any  inherent  failures  in  the  prod- 
uct- themselves,  but  in  a  ittglcct  of  plastics  men  to  study 
and  understand  lite  special  problems  and  demands  of  mate- 
rials for  footwear  use. 

The  factor  of  supreme  importance  to  plastics  men  inter- 
e-ted  in  crashing  the  lucrative  shoe  field  is  this:  We  are 
dealing  with  the  human  foot,  something  that  is  subject  to 
sensation,  disease  and  distortion ;  something  that  produces 
heat,  dampness,  acids,  stresses  and  pressures. 

To  be  conducive  to  foot  health  the  shoe  material  must 
have  a  flexible  quality  that  conforms  easily  to  the  shape 
of  the  foot  and  yet  keeps  the  original  shape  of  the  shoe 
rea-nnabiy  intact.  In  addition,  it  must  have  durability, 
pliability,  porosity,  lightness  of  weight,  good  reaction  to 
ccm-truction  requirements  (stitching,  cementing,  cutting, 
etc.  i,  reasonable  price  ranges,  attractive  appearance,  and 
re>i-tance  to  heat,  cold  and  dampness. 

All  thi-M-  comprise  a  challenging  group  of  requirements, 
but  leather  has  managed  to  meet  most  of  these  demands 
fairly  well.  Plastics  could  do  the  same — and  more.  Among 
the  factors  making  for  good  footwear  are  the  following : 
THK  HYGIENIC  FACTOR: — There  are  numerous  foot  afflic- 
tion~  (excessive  perspiration,  odors,  athlete's  foot,  fungi 
infections,  fissures,  corns,  callouses,  cracking  skin)  that 
are  the  direct  or  indirect  result  of  shoe  materials  which 
are  not  conducive  to  foot  hygiene,  and  are  therefore  detri- 
mental to  sales. 

One  can  be  certain  that  the  shoe  industry  will  empha- 
size the  foot  health  factor  more  than  ever  after  the  war, 
a*  .1  result  of  the  effective  publicity  and  influence  of  phy- 
sicians, chiropodists,  nurses,  physical  directors,  writers,  and 
others  who  have  publicized  the  alarming  statistics  that  8 
out  i  if  every  10  persons  have  defective  feet.  To  remove 
the  -.tain  of  these  accusations,  the  industry  must  produce 
sh'x^  of  the  highest  possible  hygienic  value  which  means 
that  shoe  materials  will  meet  even  more  rigid  tests  in 
the  future. 

According  to  many  shoe  manufacturers  plastics  have  so 
far  failed  to  provide  for  an  essential  quality — porosity. 
Any  shoe  material  lacking  this  quality  is  seriously  handi- 

This  smart  effect  in  shoe  uppers  is  obtained  by  laminating 
black  lace  between   thin   sheets   of   transparent   "Vinylite" 


Using  low-carbon  vinyl,  Int'l  Shoe  Co. 
devised  rolled-edge  method  eliminating 
rough  edges  and  bottom  stitching — com- 
mon arguments  against  plastics  soles 


Plastics  shine  in  decorative  as  well  as  utility  applications. 
Black  fabric  with  cyclamen  sunburst  beaded  plastics  on  shoe 
and  heel  produce  striking  effect  on  this  Delman  dinner  sandal 


capped.  It  is  this  factor  that  has  kept  rubber  and  similar 
non-porous  materials  out  of  the  shoe  industry,  except  for 
specialized  types  of  footwear. 

The  foot  must  be  aired  and  the  shoe  ventilated  so  that 
heat,  dampness  and  odors  are  not  retained.  The  inside  of 
the  shoe,  being  constantly  damp  and  hot,  is  an  ideal  en- 
vironment for  bacterial  growth.  Cuts  or  cracks  in  the  skin 
are  perfect  openings  for  these  germs  to  enter  and  set  up 
skin  disorders. 

Perspiration  acids  eat  into  the  shoe,  rapidly  deteriorating 
the  materials;  also  set  up  chemical  reactions  with  shoe 
dyes  which  are  harmful  to  some  feet.  Heat  and  dampness 
add  to  this  shoe  deterioration,  besides  causing  discomfort 
and  abetting  disease. 

Thermoplastics  have  not  succeeded  in  overcoming  this 
major  obstacle  of  non-porosity,  since  they  are  compara- 
tively airtight  and  watertight.  Even  excessive  perforation 
of  the  material  gives  little  appreciable  relief.  In  this  re- 
spect there  seems  to  be  a  similarity  between  rubber  and 
thermoplastics.  Until  a  truly  porous  plastics  appears,  it  is 
probable  that  plastics  will  not  find  a  large  outlet  in  shoe 
uppers. 

WORKABILITY  : — Leather  has  properties  which  make  it 
ideally  suitable  for  fabrication :  It  will  take  and  hold  close 
stitching,  retain  the  adhesive  qualities  of  cement,  cuts  eas- 
ily to  patterns,  and  is  pliable.  Plastics,  so  far,  have  not 
been  able  to  match  leather  in  this  respect.  It  has  been 
found  that  too  many  stitches  per  inch  weaken  the  wall  be- 
tween the  stitch  holes,  in  some  plastics,  and  their  brittle, 
sharp-edged  qualities  tend  to  cut  and  enfeeble  the  threads. 


If  this  difficulty  is  experienced  in  attaching  the  plastics 
sole  to  the  shoe,  then  still  greater  difficulties  will  result 
when  the  shoe  is  worn,  with  all  the  pressure  and  stress 
this  places  upon  the  material.  Also,  plastics  laminates 
often  have  a  definite  wood-like  grain,  which  becomes  an 
added  problem  in  stitching.  Plastics  that  are  not  fully 
workable,  present  a  real  handicap,  since  the  majority  of 
footwear  today  requires  stitching. 

Most  other  types  of  shoes  require  cementing,  and  in 
that  process  it  has  been  found  that  a  poor  adhesive  bond 
results  between  the  resin  and  the  reinforcing  agent.  This 
becomes  a  major  hazard  when  the  shoe  is  under  constant 
stresses  from  body  weight  and  from  expansions  and  dis- 
tortions of  the  foot. 

STRESSES  AND  PRESSURES: — A  person  weighing  150  Ib  and 
walking  an  average  of  10  miles  a  day  (the  distance  cov- 
ered by  many  busy  housewives)  produces  considerable 
strain  daily  upon  the  shoe.  Multiply  this  by  a  week,  a 
month,  six  months,  and  we  begin  to  realize  the  almost 
fantastic  endurance  required  of  shoe  material.  It  must 
have  not  only  flexibility  and  pliability  in  order  to  yield 
slightly  to  the  natural  expansions  and  stresses  of  the  foot, 
but  also  a  degree  of  elasticity  that  will  permit  it  to  return 
immediately  to  its  former  shape  and  tonicity  when  these 
stresses  are  removed  with  each  step.  The  material  must, 
in  addition,  have  just  that  tone  of  resistance  that  will  keep 
the  foot  snugly  intact  within  the  shoe  without  causing  the 
excessive  discomfort  and  pressures  that  produce  corns, 
callouses  and  bunions. 

The  action  of  thermoplastics  under  heat,  cold  and  fric- 
tion presents  a  major  obstacle  to  their  use  in  shoes.  As 
one  writer  states,  there  is  a  common  "brittle  failure  in  the 


VINYL  SOLING 
STANDARD  RUBBER  SAMPLE 
RUBBER   SOLING 
CORD  SOLING 
COMPOSITION  SOLING 
STANDARD  SOLING 
HIGH  GRADE  TIPPING 
STANDARD  TIPPING 

—  ^—  ^~ 

^— 

100     200    300     400    500    600   700 

Effect  of  abrasion  on  vinyl  and  other  soling  materials,  as 
reported  at  the  recent  Chicago  Shoe  Fair  by  Plastic  Products 
Corp.,  representative  of  Bakelite  Corp.  in  the  shoe  industry 


resin  producing  sharp  edges  which  gradually  destroy  the 
reinforced  fibers." 

At  present  the  thermoplastic  outer  soles  being  used  must 
be  reinforced  by  a  firm  "slip  sole"  and  a  good  leather  inner 
sole  to  prevent  distortion  of  the  thermoplastic  outer  sole. 
Moreover,  the  thermoplastic  product  costs  more  than 
leather. 

Altogether  the  factors  discussed  may  seem  to  present 
a  discouraging  picture  for  plastics  in  the  shoe  field.  Never- 
theless, plastics  can  succeed.  Many  of  them  posess  some 
great  natural  advantages  over  leather  and  other  common 
shoe  materials — lighter  weight,  greater  durability,  greater 
economy  (when  placed  on  a  mass  production  basis),  and 
the  absence  of  potentially  harmful  dyes  necessary  to  the 
tanning  of  hides.  These  and  other  major  assets  place  plas- 
tics in  a  position  where  serious  considerations  for  footwear 
uses  is  inevitable.  END 


50 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


!S  p  C  U  «j 


tsins 


°"" 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


51 


How  Plastics  Improve 
Machine  Operation 


process,  compar  tubing 
is  pulled  thru  compar 
In  the  lacquer-finishing 

wipers,  which  can  operate 
continuously  lor  months 


This  compar  wiper,  in- 
stalled on  the  lacquer 
tower  at  the  Okonite  Co., 
Passaic,  N.  J.,  regulates 
wire  coating  thickness 


ONE  of  the  problems  besetting  industry  in  the  high- 
speed production  of  war  materials  has  been  keeping 
machines  in  'round-the-clock  operation.  Early  in  the  war 
this  problem  was  aggravated  by  the  shortage  of  rubber, 
which  is  required  for  certain  machine  parts,  by  the  fact 
that  parts  which  met  the  tests  of  production  in  a  more 
leisurely  era  failed  to  do  so  when  speed  became  a  vital 
factor.  Too  often  machine  part  materials  were  accepted 
as  standard  merely  because  they  had  been  used  for  a 
long  time.  Now,  with  industry  as  the  proving  ground,  new 
materials  have  supplanted,  probably  permanently,  many 
that  proved  less  durable  and  efficient. 

An  example  of  the  outmoding  of  old  accepted  methods 
is  to  be  found  in  the  role  being  played  by  compar,  a  vinyl 
resin  derivative  which,  molded  into  machine  parts,  corrects 
many  faults  in  performance.  Known  particularly  for  its 
immunity  to  oils  and  solvents,  molded  compar  is  also 
demonstrating  its  ability  to  withstand  abrasion  on  many 
machines  where  severe  friction  formerly  caused  frequent 
replacements  and  repair.  Capable  of  any  number  of  varia- 


52 


PLASTICS 


7^       W.       me  l/l/illtam 

Chief   Engineer,    Resistoflex   Corp. 


Resistance  of  Vinyl  Parts  to  Oil, 
Solvents  and  Abrasion  Reduces  Time 
Spent  on  Repairs  and  Replacements 


tions,  moldings  of  this  material  are  characterized  by  great 
tensile  strength,  chemical  inertness  to  fuels,  oils  and  other 
organic  solvents,  imperviousness  to  gases,  freedom  from 
aging  and  oxidation,  resistance  to  abrasion  and  impact, 
vibration  and  flexing  over  a  wide  temperature  range. 
Machine  parts  molded  of  compar  are  being  used  widely  in 
the  machine  tool  field,  for  radio  tubes,  Diesel  engines, 
X-ray  machines,  and  air-conditioning  and  refrigeration 
equipment  to  name  only  a  few. 

One  of  the  industries  that  experienced  great  difficulty  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  was  the  paper  bag  factory.  Here 
the  rubber  shortage  was  responsible.  Rubber  discs  had 
always  been  used  to  control  the  flow  of  paper  from  the 
rollers  to  the  folding  machine.  They  had  never  given  very 
good  service.  Replacements  had  to  be  made  three  or  four 
times  a  year.  When  the  diameter  of  the  discs  was  re- 
duced from  S'/2  to  2",  complete  shutdown  of  operations 
was  necessary  while  replacements  were  made. 

Over  2  years  ago  Resistoflex  Corp..  originators  of  com- 
par. \va>  asked  to  mold  discs  of  this  material  for  the  paper- 
folding  machines  at  Wolf  Brothers,  Philadelphia,  makers 
of  paper  bags.  Installed  on  the  machine,  four  discs  were 
mounted  in  pairs  in  a  staggered  arrangement  tandem 
fashion,  with  the  back  pair  spaced  slightly  wider  than  the 
front  pair.  The  abrasive  action  of  the  paper  on  the  discs, 
placed  at  a  15°  angle,  resembles  the  wear  on  an  automobile 
tire  when  the  wheels  are  out  of  alignment. 

In  the  2  years  since  the  compar  discs  were  installed,  no 
replacement  has  been  necessary.  So  far  the  discs  have 
been  reduced  less  than  J4"  by  the  abrasive  action  of  the 
paper.  Wolf  Brothers  estimate  that  the  compar  discs  out- 
last rubber  discs  12  to  15  times. 

Another  molding  of  compar,  this  time  in  the  form  of 
wipers,  has  solved  the  problems  of  both  solvent  and  abra- 
sion resistance  in  the  lacquer-finishing  of  insulated  tubing, 
wire  and  cable.  On  its  way  to  the  drying  chamber,  the 
tubing  or  wire  to  be  treated  is  led  up  through  the  lacquer 
pot  and  pulled  through  the  wiper  which  is  held  in  place 
by  a  threaded  bushing.  Adhering  to  the  rayon  or  cotton 
braid  which  forms  the  outer  surface,  a  uniform  coat  of  . 
lacquer  is  assured,  with  the  wiper  removing  excess  lacquer. 
These  wipers  are  unaffected  for  long  periods  of  time  by 
the  friction  which  develops  when  the  tubing  or  wire  is 
pulled  through  the  wiper  and  are  also  immune  to  the  or- 
ganic finishing  solutions. 

Molded  from  a  special  compound  of  compar,  the  wipers 
first  saw  service  in  the  Resistoflex  Corp.  Belleville  plant 

FEBRUARY  1945 


FORMATIONS 
FOR  VICTORY 


CLOSURES 


OllxialU    S.  Amy  A/rCcxpJ  Photo 

EOK  at  a  perfect  formation  of  fighter 
planes  in  the  sky . . .  and  you'll  see  the 
significance  of  a  "formation"  of  drums  on 
a  beach  head.  Inside  those  drums  is  the 
fuel  for  victory  in  the  air.  And  to  guard 
that  fuel  —  to  keep  it  safe  from  seepage, 
dust  and  contamination  —  is  the  war-time 
job  of  Tri-Sure  Closures. 

The  critical  needs  of  war  have  proved  re- 
peatedly what  every  user  of  drums  should 
know:  if  Tri-Sure  Closures  are  on  a  drum- 
head, every  drop  inside  that  drum  is  safe. 
The  reason  is  that  Tri-Sure  Closures  seal 
a  drum  hermetically  with  a  sea/,  plug  and 
flange  that  no  water  or  impurities  can  pass. 

This  is  Tri-Sure's  famous  triple  protec- 
tion that  enables  drums  to  be  stored  in  the 
open  for  months,  or  shipped  thousands  of 
miles,  without  leakage,  seepage  or  loss. 
And  that  is  the  kind  of  protection  that 
every  drum  in  eivry  shipment  should  have. 


VMKRICAN  FLANGE  &  MANUFACTURING  CO.  INC.,  30  ROCKEFELLER  PLAZA,  NEW  YORK  20,  N.  Y. 
TRI-SURE  PRODUCTS   LIMITED,  ST.  CATHARINES,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 


FKBRtlARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


53 


V"* 


At  Wolf  Brothers'  Philadelphia  paper  bag  factory,  compar  discs  outlast  traditional 
material   15  times  in  resistance  to  the  abrasive  action  of  paper  in  folding  machines 


A  workman  installs  a  Resistoflex  compar  vibration  block 
on  a  wire  cutter  at  a  Radio  Corporation  of  America  plant. 
The  blocks  themselves  can  be  seen  at  bottom  of  the  picture 


in  the  finishing  of  flex- 
ible oil-  and  solvent- 
proof  tubing  made  of 
the  same  material. 
Many  manufacturers  of 
insulated  wire  and  ca- 
ble have  now  installed 
the  wipers,  among  them 
The  Okonite  Co.,  Pas- 
saic,  N.  J.  Since  a  va- 
riety of  sizes  of  wipers 
are  needed,  Okonite  pur- 
chases molded  sheets  of 
compar  from  which  it 
cuts  its  own  wipers. 

Despite  the  friction 
between  the  tubing  and 
the  wiper,  compar 
wipers  retain  their 
shape  for  months  of 
steady  operation  before 
the  orifice  through 
which  the  continuous 
lengths  of  tubing  or 
wire  pass  enlarges  to 
such  an  extent  that  re- 
placement is  necessary. 
In  the  past  when  other 
less  abrasion-resistant 
materials  were  used, 
the  finishing  process 
was  often  halted  to  re- 
place wipers  that  had 
become  worn  and  thus 
permitted  too  thick  a 
coat  of  lacquer  to 

adhere  to  the  surface  or  had  deteriorated  from  the  action 
of  the  solvent.  Okonite  reports  that  when  felt  was  used 
for  this  purpose,  wipers  had  to  be  replaced  several  times 
a  day  because  of  excessive  wear.  For  the  same  use,  the 
new  wipers  last  at  least  two  months,  with  no  stoppages 
for  replacements.  Compar  proved  an  unusual  ability  to 
withstand  the  severe  strains  imposed  in  the  lacquer  tower 
finishing  process. 

In  the  Harrison,  N.  J.,  plant  of  RCA,  where  radio  tubes 
are  manufactured,  molded  compar  machine  parts  play  an 
important  part  in  many  operations.  Among  these  are  form- 
ing rollers,  forming  press  jaw  linings,  aligning  devices, 
vibration  dampers,  shock  absorbers,  power  transmission 
rings,  foot  pedal  coverings  and  metal  belt  pulley  facings. 
The  long  service  life  of  these  moldings  is  noteworthy  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  these  operations  involve  abrasive 
action  and  torsional  strains.  Post-war  continuation  of  these 
uses  is  assured. 

Compar  is  being  made  in  such  forms  as  washers,  seals, 
diaphragms  and  gaskets.  Inertness  to  organic  solvents  and 
oils,  imperviousness  to  gases  and  freedom  from  aging  and 
oxidation  make  it  useful  in  instruments,  oil  and  chemical 
pumps,  hydrocarbon  and  rubber  cement  bottles  and  cans, 
ball  mills,  spray  guns,  fire  extinguishers  and  as  oil  cups 
on  hydraulic  presses.  END 

Properties  of  a  Typical   Molded  Compar  Formulation* 

Tensile  strength   (psi) 2121 

Elongation  (%  in  2"  at  break) 445 

Permanent  set  (%) 80 

Cold  flow   (%) 63.6 

•Chemically,  compar  is  a  solid  colloidal  solution,  with  ingredients  having 
a  very  high  degree  of  polymerization,  high  molecular  weight  and  low  spe- 
cific gravity. 


PL  A ST1CS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


THE  great  range  of  features 
offered  by  Plaskon  has  stimu- 
lated its  application  to  many  dim- 
cult  and  unusual  jobs. 

Typical  among  these  is  the  Plaskon 
Molded  Color  adapter  cone  used  on 
the  United  States  Army  Field  Unit 
for  dental  X-ray  purposes  in  base 
hospitals.  Here  Plaskon  supplies  the 
uniform  density  that  is  an  absolute 
requirement  of  the  cone.  Any  vari- 
ation in  density,  or  the  use  of  metal, 
glass  or  other  substances  of  high 
atomic  density,  would  cause  objec- 
tionable images  on  the  film.  And 
Plaskon  does  not  break  down  under 


the  terrific  impact  of  X-rays  which 
can  disturb  the  molecular  structure 
of  many  materials. 

Because  the  cone  is  used  in  close 
proximity  to  the  face,  Plaskon  sup- 
plies the  obvious  needs  for  a  smooth, 
high-lustre  finish  that  will  remain 
clean,  bright  and  sanitary.  High 
dielectric  strength,  resistance  to 
shock,  retention  of  dimen- 
sions over  a  wide  temper- 
ature range,  and  moldability 
to  high  precision  standards, 
are  other  advantages  which 
determined  the  selection 
of  Plaskon  Molded  Color 


for  this  important  wartime  use. 

Plaskon  can  be  supplied  in  a  com- 
plete range  of  colors,  and  can  be 
molded  into  shapes  and  sizes  serving 
many  practical  needs  at  attractively 
low  costs.  Our  experienced  technical 
men  will  give  you  valuable  assistance 
in  adapting  Plaskon  materials  to  pres- 
ent needs  and  peacetime  planning. 


PLASKON 


PUSKON  DIVISION,  Libbey-Owens-Ford  Gloss  Co.  •  2106  Sylvan  Ave.,  Toledo  6,0. 
Canadian  Agent:  Canadian  Induitrlm,  Ltd.,  Montreal,  P.O. 


ni*oc  MAM  • 


MOLDED    COLOR 


CONTINENTAL'S  NEW  LAMINATED  PLASTIC 
NOW  ON  ALL  PGA  PLANES! 


Six-month  tests  prove  its  superiority  as  cargo 
compartment  liner,  replacing  aluminum 

GOOD  NEWS  for  designers  and  engineers!  Some  months  ago  cargo 
compartment  linings  made  of  Continental's  new  laminated  plastic  were 
experimentally  installed  in  progressive  Pennsylvania-Central's  "Capital 
Liners."  Here's  what  J.  H.  Cannichael,  P.C.A.  Vice  President  in 
Charge  of  Operations,  has  to  say: 

"The  use  of  Continental  laminated  plastic  as  lining  for  our 
DC-3  baggage  and  cargo  compartments  has  been  extremely  suc- 
cessful— so  much  so  that  we  have  adopted  it  as  standard  cargo 
compartment  lining  for  our  entire  feet  and  have  highly  recom- 
mended it  to  other  airline  operators. 

"Besides  saving  weight,  this  laminated  plastic  has  brightened 
interiors  considerably.  And  it  replaces  corrugated  aluminum,  which 
frequently  punctured,  having  jagged  edges  that  would  tear  bags 
and  packages.  After  six  months'  sen-ice  this  new  material  has  not 
punctured  once — nor  does  it  appear  that  it  will  in  the  future." 

This  is  only  one  example  of  the  way  designers  and  engineers  all  over 
the  country  are  profiting  from  the  experience  and  facilities  of 
Continental's  Plastics  Division  ...  an  alert,  progressive  organization 
equipped  to  give  sound,  practical  advice  and  assistance  at  all  times! 


BEFORE— Heavy  corrugated  aluminum  cargo  com- 
partment linings  punctured  easily,  left  jagged  edges 
that  would  tear  baggage,  reflected  little  light 


CAN     COMPANY,    INC. 

HEADQUARTERS:    Cambridge,    Ohio 

Sales  Representatives  in  all 
Principal  Cities 


COMPRESSION  .  INJECTION  •  EXTRUSION 
SHEET   FORMING  •  LAMINATION 


AFTER— Continental  laminated  plastic  cargo  bin  lin- 
ings save  weight,  have  not  punctured  to  date,  brighten 
up  interiors,  making  baggage  labels  easier  to  read. 


OTHER  PRODUCTS  of  Continental  Can  Company: 
Metal  cans  for  food  and  other  products;  fibre 
and  paper  containers;  crown  caps  and  cork  prod- 
ucts; machinery  and  equipment. 


Transfer  Process 

Speeds  Molding  Cycles 


New  Advanced  Techniques  Make 
Possible  the  Use  of  This  Method 
For  Simple  Thermosetting  Items 
fit  Low  Molding:,  Finishing  Cost 


1J 


^rranK 


•resident,  Shaw  Insulator  Co. 


RKt'KNT  development  in  the  art  of  Transfer  molding 
have  brought  this  method  to  the  fore  as  a  technique 
admirably    suited   to   speedy,   low-cost   manufacture   of   a 
growing  variety  of  products — small  and  large,  simple  and 
complex. 

These  IH-W  methods  have  been  found  by  a  number  of 
cabling  molders  to  result  in  a  minimum  investment  per 
>iive  per  hour,  as  well  as  low  direct  molding  costs  and 
very  low  finishing  expense.  Although  Transfer  molding's 
"riginal  appeal  lay  in  the  fact  that  it  greatly  broadened 
plastics  industry's  markets  by  permitting  inclusion  of 
complex  and  fragile  inserts,  the  latest  trend  (as  a  result 
if  the  lowered  production  costs  possible  with  the  improved 
nethods )  has  been  toward  the  use  of  this  method  for  very 
mple  thermosetting  products. 

With  Transfer  molding  and  suitable  auxiliary  equipment, 
•requently  possible  to  mold  the  thermosetting  plastics 
it  -pee<K  comparable  with  those  achieved  by  the  injection 
inn-ess.  This  i>  accomplished  by  the  use  of  very  fast  oper- 
Uing  presses,  automatic  loading  and  unloading  fixtures  and 
>y  tin-  i^e  of  high  frequency  preheating  apparatus  to  in- 
-ure  fa -i  Mow  and  minimum  required  cure  time. 

Improved  uniformity  of  strength,  cure,  dimensional  con- 

rol   and   freedom   from   voids   and   blisters   are   gained    in 

ts   molded  by   this  process.    Other  advantages   are 

••I  finishing  co-t>  and  saving  in  loading  time. 

I'ransfer  moKK  are  similar  in  some  respects  to  injection 

oliU  sjnee  tin-  material  enters  the  cavity  section  from  a 

rentral  orifice  and  Mows  through  runners  and  gates  into 

:he  individual  cavities.    Sprues  are  often  used  as  a  channel 


Fig.   1.     A  self-contained  press  designed  by  Hydraulic  Press 
Mfg.  Co.  for  use  with  the  "Pressure"  type  of  "Transfer"  mold 


Tg.  2.  Fractional  horsepower  motor 
otally  enclosed  in  phenolic  through 
Transfer"  molding  by  Molded  Indus- 
rial  Duresinoids.  Since  the  motor 
>perates  submerged  in  liquid,  the 
-•oating  not  only  protects  the  wires. 
xit  also  cuts  resistance  otherwise 
Caused  by  liquid  churning.  The  shaft 
long:  armature.  l'«"  diameter 


• 


HKl   VIO     I'M.-, 


P  /.  4  STIC  S 


57 


Fig.  3.    Complex  job  easily  done  by  "Transfer"  molding 

from  the  runners  to  the  chamber;  in  other  Transfer  mold 
designs  the  runners  lead  directly  to  the  chamber  in  which 
the  material  is  compressed  and  plasticized.  Injection  mold 
cavities  are  cooled  whereas  the  Transfer  molds  are  heated 
since  additional  heat  must  be  supplied  in  the  cavities  to 
advance  the  cure  of  the  compound.  Cooling  of  the  thermo- 
setting  parts  prior  to  ejection  is  unnecessary. 

Thermosetting  compounds  were  originally  molded  in  the 
dies  that  were  used  by  contemporary  molders  of  hard  rub- 
ber products.  Much  of  the  terminology  and  early  practice 
of  the  plastics  industry  came  from  fabricators  of  hard 
rubber  products.  Molding  was  done  by  the  compression 
process  with  hand  molds.  The  semi-automatic  mold  was 
a  later  invention  of  the  plastics  molders  that  stepped  up 
production  rates  and  minimized  the  physical  labor  of 
molding.  This  was  accomplished  by  fastening  the  hand 
molds  on  steam  plates  that  were  rigidly  mounted  in  the 
presses. 

Thermosetting  materials  were  molded  by  these  methods 
until  1926,  when  Transfer  molding  was  developed  by  Shaw 
Insulator  Co.  to  meet  the  growing  demands  for  the  inclu- 
sion of  very  complex  and  fragile  inserts,  as  in  Figs. 
3  and  4.  Until  that  time,  only  simple  inserts  could  be 
molded  in  the  parts;  long  and  delicate  inserts  had  to  be 
avoided  and  side  cored  holes  and  inserts  were  avoided. 
The  Transfer  molding  process  met  these  demands  satis- 
factorily and  offered  many  other  exceptional  advantages: 
Dimensions  across  the  parting  line  were  no  longer  subject 
to  excessive  variation,  the  very  coarse  cloth-filled  impact 
materials  could  be  molded  into  relatively  complex  shapes 
with  good  finish  and  dimensional  control.  A  very  large 
percentage  of  the  plastics  products  that  are  used  for  the 
war  are  Transfer  molded  to  gain  some  or  all  of  these  ad- 
vantages. Typical  war  time  products  that  are  molded  by 
this  process  are  the  M-52  Fuze,  the  combat  binocular  body, 
telephone  handsets,  coil  forms,  aircraft  distributors  and 
fotors,  turret  swivel  joints,  gunstocks,  periscope  heads, 
ignition  booster  coil  cases,  shielded  spark  plug  elbows  and 
control  wheels. 

Compression  Problems 

By  this  method  the  thermosetting  compounds  could  be 
plasticized  in  an  external  chamber  or  separate  from  the 
mold  and  then  transferred  into  the  mold  cavity  in  their 
fluid  plastic  state.  In  the  older  compression  process,  the 
compound  was  loaded  in  the  mold  cavity  and  crushed  by 
the  mold  force  as  the  pressure  was  applied  and  the  mold 
closed.  The  fine  wires  in  the  armature  shown  in  Fig.  2 
would  have  been  damaged  by  other  molding  processes. 


Fig.  4.    GE  "Transfer"-molded  item  with  porcelain  in- 
sulators on  brass  inserts  molded  into  finished  product 


George  K.  Scribner  has  aptly  described  the  compression 
molding  problem  in  his  introduction  to  Plastics  Mold  De- 
signing by  Gordon  B.  Thayer  (American  Industrial  Pub- 
lishers, Cleveland)  :  "Plastics  materials  never  answer  to  the 
laws  of  hydraulics  in  compression  molding  because  they 
pass  from  a  form  like  granulated  sugar,  through  a  semi- 
liquid  mass  somewhere  between  putty  and  molasses  in  con- 
sistency, to  a  hard  state  like  concrete,  all  stages  progressive 
as  the  pressure  and  heat  are  applied.  Unfortunately,  the 
changes  are  not  taking  place  at  the  same  time  throughout 
the  mass  of  the  material.  The  action  inside  the  mold  is 
comparable  to  a  Niagara  Falls  choked  with  cakes  of  ice 
and  boulders.  The  engineer  just  can't  predict  the  stresses 
and  strains  and  must  prepare  for  the  worst,  both  structur- 
ally and  mentally.  The  viscous  part  of  the  material  will 
flow  into  the  smallest  of  cracks  and  joints,  jamming  the 
mold  in  its  closed  position;  while  the  larger,  unheated 
chunks  will  break  protruding  pins  like  match  sticks  at  the 
most  inopportune  times."  Transfer  molding  solved  this 
paradox  and  enabled  plastics  molders  to  do  the  then-im- 
possible molded  jobs. 

Value  of  High  frequency 

The  use  of  high  frequency  heating  apparatus  and  the 
other  improved  preheating  methods,  when  used  with  Trans- 
fer molds  of  the  Pressure  type,  are  responsible  for  this  im- 
portant development  in  the  art  of  molding.  In  this  process, 
simple  molds  are  designed  with  flash-type  cavities  and  a 
central  Transfer  chamber  connecting  to  the  cavities  by 
means  of  radial  sprues.  The  main  press  ram  merely  serves 
to  provide  clamping  pressure  to  hold  the  mold  closed  and 
to  open  it  again  at  the  completion  of  the  molding  cycle. 

An  auxiliary  ram  which  has  been  mounted  opposite 
or  concentric  with  the  main  ram  provides  the  force  to 
transfer  the  compound  into  the  cavities.  A  study  of  this 
press  shows  that  the  cull,  runners  and  gates  are  all  in 
the  same  plane  along  the  parting  line  and  are  all  ejected 
by  the  knockout  pins  as  the  entire  mass  is  raised  up  out 
of  the  cavity.  The  cull  is  at  a  minimum  since  the  chamber 
area  does  not  need  to  be  greater  than  the  combined  cavity 
area.  There  is  no  sprue.  The  compound  efficiency  of  this 
mold  is  near  that  of  a  flash  type  mold.  A  typical  press 
for  this  type  of  Transfer  molding  is  shown  in  Fig.  1. 

Simple  jobs  in  conventional  compression  type  molds 
are  often  operated  at  a  rate  of  30  cycles  per  hour.  On  one 
such  job,  the  mold  output  was  increased  300%  to  90 
cycles  per  hour  by  changing  the  mold  over  to  a  Transfer 
mold  and  making  use  of  high  frequency  preheating.  Pre- 
heating alone,  however,  could  not  have  accomplished  this 
increase.  The  Transfer  mold  design  permitted  loading 
with  a  single  charge  that  would  fill  the  many  cavities, 
whereas  the  operator  would  have  been  required  to  handle 
many  preforms — in  and  out  of  the  preheater  and  then  into 
the  mold — had  the  older  molding  process  been  used  with 
the  high  frequency  preheating. 

These  newer  molding  methods  will  broadly  expand  the 
markets  for  plastics  since  they  provide  the  tools  for  using 
the  low-cost  thermosetting  materials  on  fast  operating 
cycles  with  a  low  investment  for  molding  equipment. 
A  conversion  job,  making  use  of  the  toggle  type  of  press 
for  this  molding  method,  has  been  successful. 

This  new  tool  will  permit  the  post-war  molder  to  con> 
petf  iumany^pf^tlje  low-cost-product  markets  and  do  a 
varlelyoi- jobs  that  hitherto  have  been  financially  unat- 
tractive. With  molding  speeds  possible  that  approach  the 
injection  machine  cycles,  users  will  gain  speed,  cut  oper- 
ating and  initial  investment  costs,  and  derive  many  addi- 
tional benefits  obtainable  from  the  use  of  heat-  and  dimen- 
sionally-stable  thermosetting  materials. 


58 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


SERIES     PORTRAYING    "THE     SPEED     NUT     FAMILY    OF     FASTENERS" 


AND  IT  LOCKS! 


•J 

SPEED  NUT  is  started  over 
stud  by  hand  .  .  . 


then  pushed  down  on 
stud  with  tool. 


Parts  are  held  together  with 
firm  spring  tension  lock. 


•  It's  just  as  simple  and  easy  as 
that!  For  this  unique  spring  steel 
fastener  needs  only  to  be  pushed 
over  rivets,  nails,  tubing,  wire,  in- 
tegral die  cast  or  plastic  studs  to 
lock  parts  firmly  together.  Threads 
are  unnecessary  because  the  spring 
prongs  of  the  nut  provide  a  friction 
lock  on  even  the  smoothest  of 
chrome  surfaces. 

But  easy  attachment  is  not  the 
only  advantage  gained  by  using 
Push-On  type  SPEED  NUTS.  Costly 
threaded  inserts,  drilling  and  tap- 
ping are  eliminated  —  molding 
costs  reduced  —  assembly  speeded 


TINNERMAN    PRODUCTS,  INC. 

2127   FULTON   ROAD,   CLEVELAND    13,   OHIO 

In  Canada:  Wallaco  Barnvt  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hamilton,  Ontario 
In  England:  Simmondi  Aorocotioriot,  Ltd.,  London 


up  —  and  vibration  loosening  pre- 
vented. These  fasteners  are  avail- 
able in  many  sizes  and  shapes  .  .  . 
rectangular,  square,  round,  or  they 
may  be  specially  designed  to  fit 
your  particular  requirements. 

If  you  want  to  improve  the 
attachment  of  name  plates,  em- 
blems, trim  strips,  grilles,  or  other 
light-weight  parts,  write  now  for 
samples  of  Push-On  type  SPEED 
NUTS,  giving  stud  diameter  and 
any  other  pertinent  assembly  de- 


/  N 


THE    BASIC    PRINCIPLE 

•r,«<, xo.k '.,  u  i  f.i  o«.  of  Spring-Tension  Lock  is 

FASTENINGS    Embodied  in  all  Speed  Nut  Designs 


HlKUARY 


PLASTICS 


59 


Producing  the 


* 


monic 


Technical   Director 

Plastics    Industries    Technical    Institute 

Distilled  from  Inexpensive  Farm  Wastes, 
Offer    Valuable    Properties    as    Resins 

FURFL'RALDEHYDK,  commonly  called  furfural,  has 
been   an   important   resin-forming   constituent    for   a 
number   of  years   and,   in   view   of   recent   developments, 
promises  to  assume  increasing  importance  in  the  plastics 
and  allied  industries. 

Unlike  many  other  resin-forming  reagents,  it  is  not 
synthesized  through  a  series  of  complex  chemical  reactions, 
but  is  obtained  through  steam  distillation  of  waste  vege- 
table products.  This  fact  alone  has  excited  the  attention 
of  agricultural  interests  which  have  sought  to  dispose  of 
waste  or  surplus  products  to  the  chemical  industry.  In 
consequence,  the  literature  references  on  the  preparation 
of  furfural  from  flax  straw,  rice  hulls,  peanut  shells,  \MMH| 
wastes,  corn  cobs,  etc.,  is  quite  extensive.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  these  and  many  other  products  can  be  considered 
as  sources  of  furfural.  However,  the  economics  of  its 
production  necessitates  that  the  raw  material  for  the 
production  of  furfural  be  abundant — that  is  to  say,  at 
least  thousands  of  tons  per  year — and  concentrated  at  one 
locality.  At  present  the  two  largest  sources  of  raw  ma- 
terials for  furfural  are  oat  hulls  (obtained  as  byproducts 
in  the  manufacture  of  food  cereals)  and  corn  cobs.  Wood 
waste  and  bagasse  also  loom  large  as  other  sources  for 
the  chemical. 

The  schematic  outline  of  furfural  manufacture  is  illus- 
trated in  Fig.  1.  Into  an  autoclave  is  charged  the  waste 
vegetable  product,  dampened  with  a  dilute  sulfuric  acid 
solution.  A  slow  revolving  stirrer  agitates  the  material. 
Live  steam  passing  through  this  mixture  carries  away  the 
furfural.  On  condensing  the  steam  and  furfural,  the 
latter  separates  from  the  water,  with  which  it  is  sub- 
stantially insoluble.  Fractional  distillation  yields  a  pure 
furfural. 

To  understand  the  production  of 
furfural  from  vegetable  products, 
one  must  examine  the  chemical  na- 
ture of  the  materials  being  handled. 
In  its  simplest  analysis,  plant  mat- 
ter is  described  as  consisting  basi- 
cally of  various  amounts  of  cellu- 
lose, hemicellulose  and  lignin. 
Purified  cellulose  is  the  basis  of 
formation  of  cellulose  plastics  and 
explosives,  while  lignin  is  looked 
upon  as  a  binding  agent  in  cell 


Furfuraldeh  ydes 
and   Plasticizers 

wall  structure,  though  an  ingredient  t<>  be  removed 
during  paper  manufacture.  Hemi-cellulose.  sometimes  de- 
scribed as  the  water-soluble  portion  (or  the  portion  of 
wood  consisting  of  water-soluble  or  hydrolyzable  sugars), 
is  removed  during  conventional  digestion  operations.  It  is 
that  portion  from  which  furfural  is  derived.  Hemi-cellu- 
lose is  a  loose  name  for  a  large  number  of  chemicals  re- 
lated to  cellulose,  at  various  stages  antecedent  to  cellulose 
formation.  Hexosans  (6-carbon  atom  structures),  and 
pentosans  (5-carbon  atom  structures)  predominate,  though 
other  chemical  groupings  have  been  identified.  The  hy- 
drolysis of  pentosans  in  particular  yield  1-arabinose  and 
d-xylose  which  on  dehydration  form  furfural. 

Representing  this  graphically,  we  have  the  following: 


Plant 

Matter 

Cellulose 

s    Hemi-cellulose  \                    Lignin 

(C,iH,(,05)         . 

s 

\ 

Polyuronides    "^ 

Penfosans                  ^         Hexosans 

(Cr 

HK,O.-,)                    [CoHijOo] 

1 

-3H,0                                                     • 

\ 

Furfural 

MC  CM                                                                                                |J 

II 

H 

ii                          1 
HC         C  C=0 

V 

Fig.  1.    Procedure  followed  in 
the    manufacture    of    furfural 


60 


DILUTE 

SULPHURIC 

ACID 


FURFURAL 
AND  WATER 


INJECTION  MOLDING  MACHINE 


New  precision  die-alignment,  achieved  by  one  adjustment  of  a  single 
screw,  eliminates  multiple  die  adjustment  and  resultant  inaccuracies. 
This  improved  adjustment  control  prevents  flooding,  reduces  rejects  to 


minimum. 


'Central-shaft "centralized  movable  plate  support  equalizes  pressure  dis- 
tribution, and  full  length  pin  support  in  the  heavy-duty  toggle  assembly 
gets  rid  of  toggle  trouble. 

Uniform  thrust  action  of  the  multiple  knock-out  pin  system  prevents 
cramping,  breakage  and  wear  of  ejection  parts. 

For   Precision  Production,  Speedy 
.UK!  S;ifc  —  Depend  on  Leominster 


LEOMINSTER  TOOL  CO.,  Inc. 


LEOMINSTER,  MASSACHUSETTS 

MANUFACTURERS        OF        MACHINES        AND        MOLDS        FOR        THE        PLASTICS        INDUSTRY 
IMtlU   VKY    1943  PLASTICS  61 


1 


20 

TIME  (SEC) 


25 


30 


35 


4( 


Fig.  2.    Flow  properties  of  general-purpose  phenol-formaldehyde  molding  powders,  compared  with  a  gen- 
eral-purpose  phenol-furfural  material.     Test  performed  in  the  Peakes  Rossi  flow  tester  shown  in  Fig.  4 


Consequently,  in  examining  plant  materials  as  sources 
of  furfural,  the  pentosan  content  is  of  prime  importance. 
In  needle  leaf  wood  species  (conifers)  the  pentosan  con- 
tent averages  from  6  to  10%,  while  in  the  broad  leaf 
species  (gymnosperms)  the  pentosan  content  may  be  20 
to  26%.  Oat  hulls,  bagasse,  and  corn  cobs  may  have 
pentosan  contents  as  high  as  30%. 

Typical  compositions  of  various  agricultural  materials 
are  shown  in  Table  1,  which  represents  average  figures 
determined  by  various  investigators.*1 '  The  preparation 
of  furfural  from  sources  rich  in  hexosans  may  also  pro- 
duce chemicals  analogous  to  furfural,  such  as  hydroxy- 
methyl  furfural. 

Furfural,  when  freshly  prepared  by  fractional  distilla- 
tion, is  a  colorless,  clear  fluid  with  a  pungent  odor.  On 
allowing  it  to  stand,  as  in  aging  or  in  contact  with  air, 


200 


150 


TOO 


::•:::: 

liiiiKiiiiiiih-i'iliili 


::::::::: 


•  ••••  !••••••>•'••• 

•H!!!itS!!Kfe.""! 


50 


PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDE 


it  grows  progressively  darker  in  color,  and  in  the  majority 
of  practical  applications  is  a  dark  brawn,  low  viscosity 
fluid.  Characteristics  of  commercial  furfural  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

Specific  gravity  |.|6 

Freezing  point  -37*  C 

Boiling  point  157°  to  167°  C 

Viscosity   (at  38*  C)  1.35  centipoises 

Twenty-five  years  ago  furfural  was  considered  solely  a 
laboratory  chemical :  its  cost  was  a  few  dollars  per  pound. 
Through  the  pioneering  efforts  of  Dr.  John  Trickey  and 
the  Quaker  Oats  Co.  commercial  production  was  devel- 
oped to  the  extent  that  the  material  could  be  sold  around 
10<  per  pound. 

Reactions   with   Phenol 

Furfural,  it  must  be  remembered,  is  an  aldehyde  and 
hence  capable  of  reaction  with  the  phenols,  cresols,  re- 
sorcinols,  and  other  phenolic  compounds.  It  may  be  em- 
ployed wholly  as  a  substitute  for  formaldehyde  or  as  a 
partial  replacement.  Reaction  with  phenolic  constituents 
follows  the  conventional  pattern — 


OH 


—  c 


V 

Phenol      Furfural 


Phenol   Furfural 


whereby  the  furfural  bridges  the  phenolic  molecules  in  a 
typical  condensation  reaction : 


TABLE    I — Typical   Composition   of  Various  Agricultural 
Materials  and  Various  Woods 

Pentosans  Cellulose  Lignin 


Kmmm  i  •••••••••  •* 
••••••••••••••• 


300  325  350  375 

MOLDING  TEMPERATURE  (°F) 


Fig.  3.  Comparison  of  phenol-furfural  compounds  with 
phenol  formaldehyde,  demonstrating  that  a  more  rapid 
cure  occurs  in  the  former  at  the  higher  temperatures  62 


Oat  straw  

22    

41    . 

20 

Rice  straw  

22.0  

45    

1  1 

Corn  cobs  

31.5  

37.6  

14.7 

Hay 

13.5  

28.5  

28 

Cotton  _  



92    



Pine   ..._  

7    

60    

28 

Douglas  fir  

6    .... 

61.5  

20 

Yellow  birch  

20.0  

61.0  

19 

Poplar   

17.5  

60    

20 

FEBRUARY  1945 


Formaldehyde  is  still  less  expensive  than  furfural  and 
therefore  we  must  draw  closer  distinctions  to  evaluate  the 
merits  and  applications  of  phenol-furfural  versus  phenol- 
formaldehyde  resin.  There  is  one  processing  advantage 
in  favor  of  phenol-furfural  plastics  over  the  phenol-for- 
maldelmle.  Formaldehyde  is  furnished  in  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion (37%)  and  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  must  be 
removed  by  vacuum  distillation  after  resinification  pro- 
to  the  desired  stage.  Reaction  with  furfural  is  a 
condensation  and  the  water  of  reaction  must  be  removed, 
though  the  furfural  does  not  require  a  water  solvent  at 
the  time  of  addition  to  resin  kettle.  (See  Table  2)  Re- 
action under  mild  alkaline  conditions  with  a  slight  molar 
-  of  furfuraldehyde  yields  a  resin  which  may  be 
blended  with  various  fillers  and  hardening  agents.  Even 
at  the  initial  stages  of  the  reaction,  the  inherent  dark  color 
of  the  phenol-furfural  resins  becomes  apparent,  and  though 
lighter  shades  may  be  obtained  by  subsequent  pigmenta- 
the  final  products  are  limited  to  dark  color v 

Phenol-furfural  molding  compositions  have  been  com- 
mercially available  for  some  time  and  have  competed  favor- 
ably with  the  phenol- formaldehyde  resins.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  the  average  molder  would  not  be  able  to  distin- 
guish, by  odor  or  appearance,  phenol- formaldehyde  from 
phenol-furfural  materials.  The  expression  "phenolic 
resins"  generally  implies  reaction  products  of  phenol  with 
various  aldehydes. 

It  has  been  pointed  out  in  previous  literature  that  one 
of  the  outstanding  characteristics  of  some  of  the  phenol- 
furfural  plastics  has  been  the  long  or  extended  flow  period 
at  lower  molding  temperature.  This  has  been  of  advantage 
in  transfer  molding  operations  where  the  composition  is 
called  upon  to  flow  readily  into  intricate  sections.  The 
cure,  however,  is  quite  fast  at  higher  molding  temperatures 
(375°  to  400"  F)  when  small  molded  parts  such  as  but- 
tons, bottle  caps,  electrical  devices  and  others  may  be  cured 
quite  rapidly.  Other  phenol  furfural  molding  compositions 
possess  varying  degrees  of  flow — depending  on  the  parts 
to  be  molded. 

In  Fig.  2  the  flow  properties  of  general  purpose  phenol- 
formaldehyde  molding  powders  are  compared  with  a 
phenol-furfural  general  purpose  material.  The  test  was 
performed  in  the  typical  ASTM  Peakes-Rossi  flow  tester 
shown  in  Fig.  4.  Further  data  comparing  phenol- furfural 
compounds  with  phenol-formaldehyde  are  reproduced  in 
Fig.  3.  The  data  indicate  the  more  rapid  cure  of  this 
material  at  the  higher  curing  temperatures.  However,  it 
is  well  to  remember  that  the  great  majority  of  molding 
plants  are  not  prepared  to  compression  mold  at  tempera- 
tures above  360°  F.  Phenol-furfural  molded  parts  do, 
however,  possess  freedom  from  scorching  at  higher  mold- 
ing temperatures,  which  occurs  in  other  types. 

Trends  in  Use  of  Furfural 

Interest  in  phenol-furfural  plastics  materials  will  un- 
doubtedly increase  considerably  in  the  near  future  on  the 
expiration  of  some  of  the  basic  patents  (2)  on  their  for- 
mation. Activities  in  this  field  have  not  been  as  wide- 
spread as  one  may  believe,  with  only  one  major  manufac- 

TABLE   2.— Reactions    of    Phenol    with    Aldehydes 

Amount  of  Resin          Amount  of 
Composition  Formed  Water  (*/.) 

Phenol  94  plus  formaldehyde  81 

(37%    Formalin) Phenol-formaldehyde  106         69 

Phenol  94  plus  furfural  96..._ Phenol-furfural    172 18 

M.t.ri.l   Coiti:— Phenol    .  9  to  10*  per  Ib 

Formaldehyde  (in  37%  solution) 

(As  Formalin)  .  ....3*  per  Ib 

Furfural     .  ....I0f-I2f  per  Ib 


Fig.  4.    The  typical  ASTM  Peakes-Roul  flow  letting  de- 
vice on  which  were  obtained  the  data  shown  in  Fig.  2 

turer  of  phenol-furfural  and  at  lea>t  seven  or  eight  major 
manufacturers  o-f  phenol-formaldehyde  plus  a  number  of 
others  making  these  resins  for  specialty  purposes. 

It  is  not  surprising  to  observe  that  recent  development  - 
in  phenol-furfural  have  followed  trends  in  cloth  and  paper 
impregnation  for  laminated  products  in  military  and  essen- 
tial civilian  applications.  Properties,  as  for  other  phenolic 
resins,  may  be  readily  controlled  through  proper  selection 
of  filler.  Aircraft  pulleys,  helmet  liners,  and  a  large  va- 
riety of  transfer  molded  articles  have  been  produced  from 
phenol-furfural  compounds. 

Other  phenolic  homologues  such  as  resorcinol,  alpha  and 
beta  naphthol,  meta  cresol,  3,  5  dimethyl  phenol  and  others, 
readily  react  with  furfural  to  make  phenol-furfural  resin 
types.  Most  reactive  of  all  is  resorcinol,  which  rapidly  re- 
sinifies  with  furfural  to  form  a  very  hard,  infusible  and  in- 
soluble condensate.  Patent  literature  is  also  replete  with 
reactions  of  furfural  with  substituted  phenols  and  ketom--. 
though  the  ones  having  most  commercial  significance  are 
the  phenol-furfural  resins. 

Aside  from  its  use  as  a  resin-forming  ingredient,  fur- 
fural possesses  excellent  qualities  as  a  plasticizing  agent 
for  phenol-formaldehyde  resins,  exerting  considerable  in- 
fluence on  the  flowing  qualities  of  the  final  composition- 
The  amount  of  filler  which  can  be  added  is  generally  in- 
creased by  addition  of  furfural.  The  unusual  wetting  and 
penetrating  properties  of  furfural  made  possible  the  suc- 
cessful application  of  phenol-formaldehyde  resins  to  abra- 
sives in  the  development  of  resinoid  abrasive  grinding 
wheels.  Various  phenolic  resin  varnishes  have  penetrating 
qualities  improved  through  the  addition  of  furfural.  While 
the  increased  penetration  may  mean  better  water  resistance, 
such  physical  properties  as  impact  strength  suffer. 

Cresols  may  be  reacted  with  furfural,  or  directly  with 
plant  matter  rich  in  pentosans.    By  carrying  out  the  reac- 
tion in  the  presence  of  hydrochloric  acid,  corn  cobs  treated 
(Continued  on  fagt  110) 


FKBRl  \RY   1945 


PLASTICS 


68 


In  or  parts  such  as  the  hose  fittings  shown  above, 
PLEXIGLAS  can  be  machined  as  easily  as  copper  or 
brass  .  .  .  drilled,  tapped,  threaded  . . .  cemented  or 
heat-welded  into  strong  joints . . .  cut  on  ordinary 
wood  saws . . .  formed  to  almost  any  shape  simply 
by  heating  to  220°— 300°F. 

For  post-war  mass  production  —  even  of  parts  as 
complicated  as  those  above — PLEXICLAS  can  be  in- 
jection molded  complete  with  threads  and  flanges. 

Ease  of  fabrication  and  molding  is  only  one  of  the 
important  reasons  why  PLEXIGLAS  is  used  in  so  many 
varied  applications.  High  tensile  strength,  resistance 
to  moisture  and  chemicals  combine  with  light 
weight  and  weatherproof  crystal  clarity  to  make  it 
practical  as  well  as  highly  decorative. 

Keep  PLEXIGLAS  in  mind  when  planning  your  new- 


products.  For  complete  information  on  its  proic/l 
advantages,  just  call  the  nearest  Rohm  &  Haas 
office — Philadelphia,  Los  Angeles,  Detroit,  Chicago, 
Cleveland,  New  York.  Canadian  Distributors: 
Hohbs  Class,  Ltd..  Montreal. 


Only  Rohm  and  Haat  moires 

PLEXIGLAS 

CRYSTAL-CLEAR    ACRYLIC    SHEETS 
AND    MOLDING    POWDERS* 

*Form*rly  CRYSTAtlTE  Molding  Powd«ri 


PLEXICLAS  is  the  trade-mark.  Reg.  V.  S.  Pat.  Off.,  for  the  acrylic  resin  thermoplastic  sheets  and  molding  pou-ders  manufactured  by  Rohm  &  Haas  Company. 
Kr[irr-rnird  by  Cia.  Rohm  v  Haas,  S.R.L..  Carlos   Pellegrini  331,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  and  agents  in  principal  South  American  cities. 


110  HIM 


HAAS   COM  PAN 


ii  IS///NI./O\  sm   i/;/.  /•////  i/>/-; /./•///  i.  i' i. 

Manufactures  ol  Chemicals  including  Plastics    .     Srntnetic  Insecticides  .       Fungicides  .  .  .  Engines  .  ,  .  Chemicals  lit  the  leather.  TeiWs  and  other  Industries 


>M  TffiHE 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of  Plastics   Applications  to  Post-War  Products 

(PLASTICS  welcome!  designer!'  contributions  lo  this  department' 


Drawing*  by  Julian  Krupa. 
Plenties'     Att     Department 


Either  "Lucite"  or  "Plexiglas"  may  be  used  for 
this  desert-spoon  soap  dish.  Miss  Lillian  Gar- 
ret! has  designed  a  three-purpose  slot  which 
drains,  aerates  lor  drying  and  prevents  sliding 


The  use  of  "Tenite"  enables  Design 
Today.  Inc..  to  offer  a  home  waxer 
and  polisher  in  many  colors.  Cast- 
ings are  made  partly  of  "Bakelite" 


(center)   and   ring   (bottom)   at*   the   detiqn   oi 


Fig.  1.  Plan  view  section  of  a  two-way  varia 
delivery  pump  with  hydraulic  servo-motor  le 
control,  which  permits  rapid  ram  approach  < 
return  with  controlled  acceleration  and  de< 
eration  during  the  opening  and  closing  of  c 


Designing  Pumps 

For  Molding  Machinery 


\  £. 

v 

The  Oilgear  Company 


Variable-Delivery   Units    Offer   Molde 

Economical,  High-Speed  Press  Operatic 


IN  re-designing  molding  machinery  to  meet  the  demands 
of  larger  volume  production  and  new  types  of  plastics 
products,  engineers  have  found  that  power  transmission 
and  control  are  major  factors  to  be  considered. 

One  form  of  power  which  offers  a  solution  to  the  many 
problems  created  by  the  rapid  growth  of  the  plastics  indus- 
try, and  whose  use  has  been  expanded  greatly  by  the  war, 
is  hydraulics  or  fluid  power.  The  increased  and  wide- 
spread use  of  fluid  power  is  ample  evidence  of  its  inherent 
utility  in  the  operation  and  control  of  many  types  of  ma- 
chines, and  most  plastics  molding  equipment  builders  have 
been  quick  to  grasp  its  advantages.  Old  linear  and  rotary 
power  transmission  functions  can  be  improved  with  fluid 
power  and  totally  new  functions  performed — many  so  far 
in  advance  of  previous  practice  that  their  users  are  keep- 
ing them  secret. 

In  considering  the  application  of  fluid  power  to  plastics 
molding  equipment,  a  brief  analysis  of  old  hydraulic  plants 
and  the  history  of  the  development  of  such  devices  should 


prove  helpful  in  visualizing  the  functions  and  many  use 
features  of  modern  fluid  power  equipment. 

About  1785,  an  Englishman,  Joseph  Bramah,  discovei 
cup  packings  for  pistons  made  them  fit  cylinders  clos 
enough  to  hold  liquids  under  high  pressure  and  thus 
vented  the  hydraulic  press.  This  invention  immediat 
took  hold  in  England,  due  to  the  spectacular  way  in  whi 
large  forces  could  be  obtained.  The  hand  pump  operal 
press  was  slow  but  highly  efficient.  To  obtain  more  sp< 
and  power,  power-driven  pumps  were  next  used. 

This  system,  too,  was  highly  efficient,  power  being  us 
directly  in  proportion  to  the  work  being  performed,  < 
cept  when  the  necessity  for  the  control  of  the  ram  sp« 
arose,  requiring  the  use  of  a  throttle  valve  to  bypass  t 
excess  liquid  delivered  by  the  pump.  Under  that  conditi 
of  operation,  positive  control  of  the  press  ram  movem< 
was  lost  and  power  used  was  no  longer  proportional  to  1 
work  performed  by  the  press  piston. 

In    1850,   another   Englishman,   W.   G.   Armstrong,   : 


66 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  19' 


SLIDE    BLOCK 


HIGH  PRESSURE 
RELIEF    VALVE 


LAROC    SEAR    PUMP 


BACK  PRESSURE 
RELIEF  VULVE 


GtAR    PUMP 
RELCF  VALVE 


Fig.  2.  This  one-way  variable-delivery  unit,  with  vari- 
able pressure  automatic  unloading  control,  incorporates 
the  basic  features  needed  by  the  typical  molding  press 


vented  the  accumulator  to  store  a  large  amount  of  fluid 
under  an  artificial  head.  Following  this  invention,  Lon- 
don and  other  English  cities  were  piped  for  hydraulic 
power,  transmitted  and  sold  from  central  pumping  stations. 
The  installation  of  an  accumulator  permitted  the  use  of 
a  small,  power-driven  plunger  pump  of  a  size  slightly 
larger  than  the  average  power  demand,  to  store  up  fluid 
power  in  the  accumulator  so  as  to  have  large  amounts 
available  for  the  intermittent  operation  of  machines  such 
as  presses  and  forging  machinery  at  high  speed.  The  orig- 
inal hydraulic  machine,  the  press  with  a  hand  pump,  was 
efficient  and  durable.  The  accumulator  brought  with  it  the 
lu-ci'ssity  for  throttling  the  fluid,  which  made  such  installa- 
tions subject  to  excessive  maintenance.  Toward  the  end 
of  the  19th  century,  however,  the  accumulator  method  be- 
came more  or  less  discredited  among  engineers  due  to  the 
uncertainty  of  control,  the  shocks  and  damage  to  the  sys- 


LARGE    CLAHPINO    RAM 
.  CLAMPING  CYLINDER 


INJECTION   RAM 


ALL  CONSTANT 
I  *t RT    RADIAL 
'    ON    PUMP 


Fig.  3.  A  representative  compression  molding  press  oil 
circuit,  containing  the  one-way  variable-delivery  du- 
plex type  of  pump  and  a  manual  four-way  control  VO!T» 


inn  from  the  accumulator  and  thruttlr 
valve  and  the  extravagant  use  of  power. 
Kxcept  for  presses,  hydraulic  machinery 
was  rarely  used. 

Variable  Pumps 

For  many  years,  engineers  considered 
the  possibility  of  dispensing  with  the 
accumulator  and  going  back  to  first 
principles.  This  became  possible  with 
the  development  of  the  high-speed  vari- 
able delivery  pump  using  a  high  grade 
lubricating  oil  of  the  "Turbine"  or  "Hy- 
draulic" oil  class  as  the  fluid  power 
medium.  This  pump  discharges  large 
quantities  of  fluid  under  high  pressim- 
when  required,  and  graduates  the 
amount  delivered  in  proportion  to  the 
position  of  a  control  mechanism  and 
practically  without  regard  to  the  pres- 
sure against  which  the  pump  is  operated 
at  the  instant.  The  discussion  following 
will  be  limited  to  variable  delivery 
pumps  and  variable  delivery  duplex 
pumps  with  integral  controls  and  ap- 
plications to  molding. 
[.The  significance  of  most  letters  and  subscripts  used 
in  the  drawings  presented  with  this  article  are  explained 
in  the  course  of  the  discussion  of  each  drawing.  The 
following,  however,  which  are  not  covered  in  this  manner, 
are  defined  as  follows:  Wherever  shown,  "Pi"  represents 
a  control  peak  relief  valve;  "Pi"  is  a  control  variable  pres- 
sure relief  valve;  "S"  is  a  slide  block  control  spring;  "A" 
is  a  pressure  or  discharge  port;  and  "B"  a  return  port. 
"P«"  =  a  large  control  piston;  "Pt"  =  large  control  piston 
for  shifting  slide  block  to  provide  a  preset  volume  out  of 
port  "A";  "Pe"  =  hydraulic  and  spring-operated  plunger 
for  operating  unloading  valve  "Pg";  "P7"  =  solenoid  and 
spring-operated  control  pilot  valve  for  selecting  control 
functions;  and  "P8"  =  hydraulically-operated  automatic  un- 
loading valve  for  by-passing  large  gear  pump  volume  when 
preset  injection  volume  is  being  delivered  by  the  radial 
piston  unit.  "Ps"  is  a  small  control  piston.] 

In  the  latest  type  of  volumetric  variable  delivery  pump 
(as  illustrated  in  Fig.  6),  the  cylinder 
barrel  which  rotates  on  the  fixed 
pintle,  is  driven  from  the  pump  drive 
shaft  through  a  splined  floating  coupling 
flange.  Radial  pistons  in  the  driven 
cylinder  barrel  are  confined  in  the  rotor 
by  concave  reaction  rings,  while  the 
rotor  is  carried  on  antifriction  bearings 
in  the  adjustable  stroke  slide  block.  Oil 
is  carried  to  and  from  the  pistons 
through  flanged  pipe  connections  and 
cored  and  drilled  passages  in  the  case, 
pintle  and  cylinder. 

When  the  centerline  of  the  cylinder 
and  rotor  coincide,  no  reciprocating 
motion  is  imparted  to  the  pistons  as  the 
unit  rotates,  and  no  oil  is  delivered. 

When  the  slide  block  and  rotor  unit 
is  moved  to  the  left  by  the  control 
mechanism,  reciprocating  motion  is  so 
imparted  to  the  pistons  that  those  pass- 
ing over  the  upper  port  in  the  pintle  are 
delivering  oil  to  that  port,  while  those 
passing  over  the  lower  part  are  sucking 
or  filling  up  with  oil.  When  the  center- 
lines  of  the  cylinder  and  rotor  do  not 


KJECTION,  PLATCN 
CYLINDER 


LENOID  PILOT 
OPERATED  4  WAY 
V»LVI  "E" 

ONE-WAY    VAR     DELIVERY 
DUPLEX      PUMP   WITH 
VARIABLE    PRESSURE 
AUTOMATIC  UNLOADING 
AND  SOLENOID  PILOT 
OPERATED  CONTROLS 


FEBRUARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


67 


PRESSURE  ADJUSTING 
SCREW 


coincide,  the  difference  between  the 
radii  from  the  center  of  the  cylinder  to 
the  point  in  contact  with  the  several 
piston  heads  with  the  conical  reaction 
surfaces  on  the  rotor  unit  cause  the 
piston  heads  to  move  faster  or  slower 
than  their  points  of  contact  with  the  re- 
action rings.  This  difference  in  speed  is 
adjusted  by  slow  partial  rotation  of 
each  piston  in  its  bore,  in  one  direction 
during  one-half  revolution,  and  in  the 
opposite  direction  during  the  other  half 
revolution.  Thus,  the  pistons  rotate  and 
reciprocate  simultaneously.  Incorporat- 
ing an  odd  number  of  pistons,  7  to  13, 
depending  on  the  size  of  unit,  reduces 
the  possible  pulsation  in  the  oil  flow  to 
a  minimum. 

When  the  slide  block  and  rotor  unit 
is  moved  to  the  right  by  the  control 
mechanism,  reciprocating  motion  is  so 
imparted  to  the  pistons  that  those  pass- 
ing over  the  lower  port  in  the  pintle  are 
delivering  oil  to  that  port,  while  those 
passing  over  the  upper  port  are  suck- 
ing or  filling  up  with  oil.  The  position 
and  movement  of  the  slide  block  can  be 
controlled  very  accurately,  permitting  the  oil  delivery  to  be 
varied  very  smoothly  over  a  stepless  range  in  one  direction 
or  in  either  direction  from  minimum  to  maximum. 

The  plan  view  section  in  Fig.  1  shows  the  drive  shaft 
directly  connected  to  the  cylinder  through  a  floating  coup- 
ling; the  stationary  ported  pintle  which  supports  the  cylin- 
der ;  the  rotor  which  rotates  on  anti-friction  bearings  in  the 
slide  block  and  a  simple  hand  wheel  screw  control.  Built 
into  the  front  housing  is  a  gear  pump  for  partially  super- 
charging the  main  system  and  for  operating  hydraulic  con- 
trols. Also  built  into  the  case  and  connected  to  the  pump 
system  through  drilled  and  cored  passages  are  relief  valves 
for  limiting  the  pressure  of  the  radial  piston  unit  and  auxil- 
iary gear  pump  unit.  Combination  suction  and  back  pressure 
relief  valves  are  flanged  to  each  pump  and  connected  with 
the  main  system  through  drilled  and  cored  passages.  Incor- 
porating the  radial  piston  pump,  gear  pump  and  associate 
valves  into  one  compact  unit  reduces  the  external  piping 
to  a  minimum,  simplifies  the  installation  and  avoids  annoy- 
ing leaks. 

Variable  delivery  pumps  of  this  design 
are  available  in  conventional  sizes  up  to 
150  hp.  To  meet  varying  press  require- 
ments, most  sizes  can  be  obtained  for 
continuous  pressure  ratings  of  either 
1100.  1700  or  2500  psi.  For  example, 
a  20  hp  pump  can  be  equipped  with  a 
radial  piston  unit  having  a  maximum 
delivery  of  35  gal  of  oil  per  minute  for 
pressures  up  to  1100  psi;  a  unit  having 
a  maximum  delivery  of  24  gal  per  min- 
ute for  pressures  up  to  1700  psi,  or  a 
unit  having  a  maximum  delivery  of  15 
gal  per  minute  for  pressures  up  to  2500 
psi.  These  units  are  designed  for  peak 
pressures  up  to  1350,  2050  and  3000  psi 
respectively.  However,  the  mounting 
dimensions  and  all  other  external  dimen- 
sions of  these  20  hp  units  are  the  same. 
Characteristic  inherent  in  these  fluid 
power  units  and  standardization  of  de- 
sign make  possible  the  use  of  a  wide 


SLIDE    BLOCK 


PORT   A 
UME    ADJUSTM 


GEAR    PUMP 


HIGH    PRESSURE 
RELIEF    VALVE 


CHECK 
VALVE 


BACK    PRESSURE    (GEAR    PUMP 
RELIEF   VALVE       RELIEF    VALVE 


Fig.  4.  Solenoid-piiot  operated  and  variable  pressure 
automatic  unloading  controls  are  featured  on  this  one- 
way, variable  delivery  duplex  type  of  hydraulic  pump 


variety  of  controls  to  provide  the  host  of  functions  re- 
quired on  molding  machines.  These  controls  are  an  inte- 
gral part  of  each  pump  and  operate  directly  on  the  slide 
block. 

The  pump  shown  in  Fig.  1  is  equipped  with  a  simple 
handwheel  type  screw  control  consisting  of  a  large  screw 
flanged  to  slide  block,  a  long  working  nut,  a  handwheel 
and  lock  nut.  This  handwheel  provides  accurate  control  of 
the  slide  block  position  so  that  any  volume  from  zero  to 
maximum  can  be  selected. 

Before  proceeding  to  schematic  oil  circuit  diagrams  of 
specific  pumps  best  adapted  to  molding  machines  and 
presses,  let  us  remember  that  every  one-way  delivery  unit 
contains  certain  essential  components:  There  is  a  pump 
case,  a  radial  piston  unit  consisting  of  a  pintle,  a  cylinder 
and  seven  or  more  pistons,  a  slide  block  which  carries  the 
rotor  and  reaction  rings,  a  gear  pump  for  operating  hy- 
draulic controls  and  supercharging  the  radial  piston  unit, 
a  suction  valve,  relief  valves  to  limit  the  radial  piston  pump 
pressure,  gear  pump  pressure  and  back  pressure.  Flange 


PULL-BACK    CYLINDERS 


ONE-WAY   VARIABLE    DELIVERY 
DUPLEX    PUMP  WITH    VARIABLE 
PRESSURE   AUTOMATIC   UNLOAD- 
ING   CONTROL 


MANUALLY   OPERATED 
4  WAY   CONTROL   VALVE 


Fig.  5.  When  used  in  the  injection  molding  machine  oil 
circuit,  the  duplex  pump  provides  rapid  advance  of  a 
speed-type  clamping  ram  and  decelerated  die-close  speed 


68 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


They  said  it  couldn't  be  done  —  but  the  Kuhn 
&  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Company  of  Trenton, 
New  Jersey  did  it  ...  with  Megatherm! 

All  previous  attempts  to  compression-mold  this 
heater-coupling  with  ordinary  methods  of  pre- 
form heating,  had  resulted  in  rejection  ratios  as 
hif-h  as  99  to  1.  Because  of  its  large  size,  irregular 
shape,  and  variable  thickness,  it  posed  a  difficult 
production  problem. 

But  the  high-speed  uniform  heating  of  the 
rag-filled  resin-bonded  preform  with 
Mcgatherm  electronic  heat  resulted  in 


flawless  finished  couplings  with  a  smooth  surface 
and  minimum  flash  that  passed  rigid  inspection 
tests  100%. 

Here  is  another  proof  that  Mcgatherm  can  do 
the  job  better  .  .  .  not  only  in  production 
problems  involving  large  parts  irregular  shapes, 
and  variable  thicknesses,  hut  in  run-of-the-mill 
operations. 

And  as  a  result,  more  and  more  plastic  pro- 
cessors are  installing  Megatherm  .  .  .  the 
modern  tool  for  modern  industry.  <•<  t  the 
story  on  Megatherm  now. 


Federal  Teh 


Corporation 


.  U.  S.  P.t. 


INDUSTRIAL    ELECTRONICS    DIVISION 


FKBRIAIO     MM.» 


PLASTICS 


69 


Fig.  6.  In  the  latest  type  of  volumetric  variable-deliv- 
ery pump,  illustrated  at  full  stroke  here,  the  drive 
shaft  moves  the  cylinder  barrel  thru  a  coupling  flange 

one  or  two  desirable  controls  integral  with  this  basic  unit 
and  you  have  a  variable  delivery  pump  to  best  meet  your 
machine  need. 

For  example,  there  is  the  one-way  variable  delivery 
pump  with  variable  pressure  automatic  unloading  control 
(Fig.  2).  Pumps  of  this  type,  equipped  with  compact 
variable  volume,  variable  pressure,  automatic  unloading 
controls  have  been  used  extensively  on  compression  and 
transfer  molding  presses  and  simple  injection  molding 
machines. 

In  the  schematic  diagram  of  this  pump  we  see  illus- 
trated the  basic  components:  The  oil  passages,  the  volume 
control  iM  the  variable  pressure,  automatic  unloading  con- 
trol. In  '.operation,  spring  "S"  holds  the  slide  block  in  the 
eccentric  position  selected  by  the  volume  adjustment.  When 
the  oilMJischarged  out  Port  "A"  reaches  the  pressure  pre- 


PRESSURE    ADJUSTING 
SCREW  \ 


NEUTRAL 
DELIVERY        {J-.      DELIVERY 


CONTROL   LEVER 


CONTROL  PLUNGER   WITH 
HELICAL    OIL  PASSASES 


BACK  PRESSURE 
RELIEF  VALVE 


HIGH  PRESSURE 
RELIEF   VALVE 


GEAR   PUMP 
RELIEF  VALVE 


Fig.  7.  If  necessary,  the  hydraulic  servo-motor  lever  and 
the  variable-pressure  automatic  unloading  controls  can  be 
combined  in  the  two-way  variable-delivery  pump  shown  above 


selected  by  the  pressure  adjusting  screw,  valve  "Pz"  opens 
and  high  pressure  oil  moves  the  slide  block  to  the  right 
to  a  point  sufficient  to  deliver  the  required  volume  of  oil 
necessary  to  maintain  the  desired  pressure  on  the  system. 
Valve  "Pi"  limits  the  peak  load  while  slide  block  moves 
to  short  stroke  position.  With  this  control  it  is  possible 
to  vary  the  volume  from  zero  to  maximum,  vary  the  maxi- 
mum pressure  in  the  system  over  a  wide  range  and  to 
maintain  pressure  on  a  system  indefinitely  without  exces- 
sive heating  or  power  loss. 

By  incorporating  modified  components  in  the  case  of 
a  one-way  pump  and  applying  a  hydraulic  servo-motor 
lever  control,  we  produce  a  two-way  variable  delivery  pump 
similar  to  Fig.  7.  Finger-tip  actuation  of  a  control  lever 
through  an  angle  of  50°  to  either  side  of  neutral  provides 
stepless  variation  from  zero  to  maximum  of  fluid  power 
delivered  out  port  "A"  or  port  "B".  Gear  pump  oil  is 
delivered  direct  to  the  small  control  piston  "Pi",  to  hold 
slide  block  against  large  control  piston  "Pa".  When  oper- 
ator moves  control  lever  from  position  "B"  to  "A",  gear 
pump  oil  flows  through  the  outer  helical  groove  into  cham- 
ber behind  large  control  piston  "Pa"  and  forces  slide  block 
to  the  left  for  maximum  delivery  out  Port  "A".  Moving 
control  lever  from  position  "A"  to  "B"  drains  chamber 
behind  piston  "Pz"  through  inner  helical  groove  and  small 
control  piston  "Pi"  moves  slide  block  to  the  right.  Both 
the  volume  and  direction  of  oil  flow  is  controlled  by  the 
position  of  the  lever.  The  simple,  almost  "human"  con- 
trol permits  rapid  ram  approach  and  return  with  con- 
trolled deceleration  and  acceleration  when  closing  and 
opening  dies.  No  external  directional  control  valve  is  nec- 
essary to  reverse  the  flow  of  oil  to  the  press  cylinder. 

When  the  application  so  demands,  all  the  functions  and 
features  of  the  two  pumps  just  described  can  be  obtained 
from  1  unit  (Fig.  7).  A  hydraulic  servo-motor  lever  control 
is  mounted  to  the  right  of  slide  block  and  the  variable 
pressure,  automatic  unloading  control  to  the  left  of  slide 
block.  Whenever  the  pressure  at  port  "A"  reaches  the 
control  setting,  the  pump  stroke  is  automatically  reduced 
to  a  point  just  sufficient  to  maintain  the  pre-set  pressure 
on  the  system,  irrespective  of  the  position  of  the  control 

lever. 

By  incorporating  a  3-position  centred 
operated  by  solenoid-pilot,  independently 
adjustable  pre-set  volumes  in  either  di- 
rection and  neutral  bypass  can  be  se- 
lected manually  or  automatically  from 
convenient  remote  push-button^  or 
switches. 

Two  opposing  solenoids,  bracketed  to 
control,  operate  the  spring  centered  pilot 
valve  "P4"  to  drain  chambers  behind 
pistons  "P2"  and  "P3"  and  allow  gear 
pump  pressure  on  small  control  pi-inn 
"Pj"  to  move  slide  block  to  the  position 
shown.  Also  to  direct  gear  pump  oil 
behind  large  piston  "P3"  to  move  slide 
block  to  neutral  or  to  direct  gear  pump 
oil  behind  piston  "P2"  to  move  slide 
block  to  left  of  pintle  centerline.  Ease 
of  remote  installation  and  operation,  ac- 
curate control  of  oil  delivered,  smooth 
acceleration  and  deceleration  and  quick 
reversal  of  oil  flow  adapts  this  pump  to 
certain  molding  machines.  Neutral  and 
two  adjustable  pre-set  volumes  in  one 
direction  can  also  be  obtained  with  this 

unit. 

(Continued  on  page  122) 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Co»l  SI.. I  Wr.nch..  r.l.d  in  31,  minul.i  to<h  Thii  it  me 
of  hundreds  of  |ob>  hondUd  1h.  DoAU  woy  which  n  » 
times  toil.r  than  hand  tiling,  4  limtt  (a«l«r  than  jig  ftlln 


fIL  ING 


METALS  •  ALLOYS 
PLYMETALS  •   LAMINATES 
PLASTICS 


For  occasional  important  file  jobs,  just  slip  a  DoALL 
File  Band  on  any  DoALL  Contour  Machine  and  you're 
instantly  ready  to  do  the  finest,  fastest,  smoothest  filing 
— both  internal  and  external  work.  Operates  with  a  steady, 
one-way  stroke  that  makes  filing  easy.  Files  wear  evenly 
and  last  longer. 

If,  however,  your  Contour  Machine  is  too  busy  cutting 
and  shaping,  the  DoALL  Band  Filer  is  just  what  you  need. 
Occupies  27"x34"  floor  space  and  files  to  close  tolerances, 
anything  up  to  6"  thick. 

12  DIFFERENT  FILE  BANDS— Lengths  to  fit  any  DoALL 

Contour  Machine  or  Band  Filer. 

Write  for  Circular 
BAND  FILING   TO  PRECISION   TO±EKANCES 


INDUS!  R  Y'S     NEW 


CONTINENTAL   MACHINES,    INC. 

1382  S.  Washington  Ave.       •       Minneapolis  4,  Minn. 


Ha:    i 

•KBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


n 


Plastics  in  the  Design  of 
AZIMUTH  INDICATOR 

&B.W. 


Sales  Manager 

G.  Felsenthal  &  Sons 


Lucite  Window 
Vinylite  Dial  Prove 
Superior  to  Their 
Metal  Counterparts 


M  20   azimuth   indicator  helps   tank   gunner   lire   accurately 

ONE  of  the  problems  encountered  in  the  production  of 
tanks  early  in  the  war  was  the  fact  that  in  bump- 
ing and  bouncing  across  fields  and  up  and  down  ravines, 
they  made  the  handling  of  their  turret  guns  very  difficult. 
The  answer  was  found  in  the  azimuth  indicator,  a  small, 
compact  instrument  which  coordinates  the  movements  of 
the  tank  and  its  turret  gun  in  such  a  way  that  the  gun 
is  more  accurately  trained  on  its  target. 

This  has  been  accomplished  by  synchronizing  the  drive 
gear  of  th'e  azimuth  indicator  with  every  move  of  the  tur- 
ret gun.  Each  time  the  gun  is  fired,  the  gunner  checks 
the  indicator  to  determine  the  change  needed,  the  turret 
is  set  accordingly  and  the  indicator  automatically  brings 
the  gun  over  to  the  corrected  range. 

Recent  changes  in  the  design  of,  and  materials  used  in, 
this  device  have  improved  it  considerably,  and  have  indi- 


"Vinylite"  dial  between  "Lucite"  window  and  "Lucite"  dial  body 

cated  line--  along  which  similar  changes  could  improve  other 
products  facing  the  same  problems. 

The  window,  or  crystal,  represents  the  newest  improve- 
ment. Like  the  dial  body,  it -is  injection-molded  of  I.ncitc 
and  replaces  a  flat  Lticilc  window  and  a  clumsy,  squirrel- 
cage  type  of  metal  guard.  The  window  was  originally  held 
in  place  slightly  below  the  top  edge  of  the  housing  by  a 
snap  ring,  thus  forming  a  little  well  on  top  which  per- 
mitted water  to  accumulate  and  seep  into  the  mechanism 
causing  corrosion  and  accumulation  of  mud. 

The  new  crystal  is  so  designed  that  it  completely  covers 
the  top  of  the  housing  and  overhangs  the  sides  with  a 
snug  fit.  At  the  center,  through  which  the  shaft  protrudes, 
a  bellows  arrangement  has  been  developed  so  that  it  is 
now  as  water-  and  dust-proof  at  center  as  at  the  sides. 

The  extended  overhanging  edge  of  the  crystal  also 
allows  a  gunner's  aid  ring  to  be  fitted  around  the  outer 
edge  which  could  not  be  done  on  the  old  style  azimuth 
indicator  because  of  the  protective  top.  The  old  design. 
too,  as  a  result  of  the  metal  top  and  the  fact  that  the 
figures  were  below  the  top  of  the  indicator,  created  a 
blind  spot  just  beyond  the  pointer  knob.  The  present 
model,  by  replacing  this  metal  top  with  a  smooth,  stream- 
line crystal  and  raising  the  dial  approximately  1/2"  with 
just  enough  clearance  for  the  pointer,  has  made  the  knob 
much  easier  to  manipulate  and  has  eliminated  the  blind 
-pot  which  previously  existed  behind  the  pointer  knob. 

When  the  first  model  of  the  azimuth  indicator  was  de- 
veloped, the  plans  called  for  a  cast  metal  dial  face  with 
filled-in  numerals  and  calibrations.  It  soon  became  ap- 
parent, however,  that  such  a  nnit  would  be  impractical. 
The  opaque  metal  would  require  a  light  shining  down 
from  the  front  of  the  instrument  to  illuminate  the  dial. 
Since  the  inside  of  a  tank  is  blacked  out,  such  an  arrange- 
ment could  not  be  used,  because  it  would  temporarily 
blind  the  gunner  every  time  he  turned  to  the  indicator. 

Moreover,  if  the  dial  unit  were  to  be  made  of  cast 
(Continued  on  page  104) 


72 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


NOTES  ON  DESIGN 
AND  ASSEMBLY  OF 


PLAX    POLYSTYRENE 


Other  PLAX  POLYSTYRENE  bulletins  -  entitled 
Fabricating,  What  to  Tell  Machinists,  How  to  Use 
Coolants  When  Machining,  and  How  to  Cement — 
have  been  published  in  preceding  months.  They  will 
be  sent  as  you  request  them. 

Plax  supplies  polystyrene  in  sheets,  rods,  tubes  and 
in  the  famous  Polyflex*  Sheet  and  Polyflex  Fiber  — 
tough,  flexible  extruded  Forms  with  wide  insulation 
possibilities. 

Machined  parts  such  as  those  shown  above  are  pro- 
duced by  Plax  to  your  exact  specifications.  Plax  alto 
supplies  a  polystyrene  cement  and  anneals  machined 
parts. 

Write  for  bulletins  which  interest  you,  and  for  com- 
plete details  of  polystyrene's  properties. 
•Trad*  Mark  R«g.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


DESIGN.  Engineers  have  recently  found  it 
fairly  simple  to  design  around  the  limitations 
of  polystyrene  at  service  temperatures  greater 
than  75°C  or  16rF,  above  which  temperature 
polystyrene's  exceptional  electrical  character- 
istics lose  constancy.  For  instance,  instead  of 
using  a  solid  coil  form,  polystyrene  slabs  are 
cemented  to  the  coil,  thus  giving  a  lighter  unit 
with  greater  heat  dissipation. 

When  used  for  low  loss  dielectric  plates  and 
insulating  film,  polystyrene  is  positioned  away 
from  heat  sources  and  exposed  to  air  circulation 
wherever  possible.  The  use  of  polystyrene  for 
stand-off  insulators,  cable  heads  and  spacers, 
high-voltage  bushings  and  shields  offers  little 
difficulty. 

ASSEMBLY.  Screws  tapped  into  polysty- 
rene should  not  be  more  than  hand  tight,  so  as  to 
prevent  deformation  of  the  material  to  more 
than  %  to  H  percent.  If  the  screw  must  be  held 
tight  against  vibration,  a  cement  is  usually  used, 
though  in  some  cases  a  cork  or  rubber  washer 
will  hold  the  screw  tight. 

When  a  flat  panel  is  fastened  in  place,  the 
holding  channel  or  frame  should  be  kept  flat, 
to  avoid  bending  the  panel.  A  channel  is  pre- 
ferred to  bolting.  If  bolts  are  used,  they  must  be 
placed  to  distribute  the  load  equally,  and  all  of 
them  should  be  under  the  same  tension.  Using  a 
cork  or  rubber  washer  makes  it  easy  to  obtain 
uniform  tension.  In  general,  all  sources  of  stress 
concentration  greater  than  1200  p.s.i.  should  be 
avoided.  This  means  eliminating  direct  clamping, 
riveting,  or  re-entrant  angles. 

Polystyrene  strips  may  be  welded  together  or 
around  coils  by  heating  to  230°F  and  pressing. 
Rod  may  be  bent  to  any  shape  by  pro-heat  inn  to 
230°F  and  cooling  in  position.  Any  machining 
should  be  done  before  heating  and  bending. 


L 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PL  AST  1C.  S 


73 


The  versatility  of  Dow's  "Saran"  is  clearly  evident 
in  these  applications  of  tubing  and  braided  rope. 
Flexibility  and  strength  are  combined  here  with  the 
material's  inherent  characteristics  of  chemical  and 
corrosion  resistance,  and  non-inflammability,  offer- 
ing a  series  of  interesting  products  which  have  many 
uses  in  industrial  as  well  as  marine  installations 


Using  different  colored  "Tenite,"  these  products 
still  retain  the  lustrous  and  shatterproof  advan- 
tages which  are  built-into  this  Tennessee-Eastman 
material.  The  utility  and  canning  funnel  is  avail- 
able in  red,  while  the  self-closing  inkstand  comes 
in  black.  Notable  in  the  production  of  the  ink- 
stand is  the  use  of  five  pieces  which  fit  together 
to  form  an  airtight,  dustproof  unit  which  adjusts 
itself  to  the  ink  supply.  "Tenite"  also  is  rustproof; 
it  is  easy  to  clean  and  is  relatively  cheap  to  mold 


CQCJO  Molded  Products  Corp.  produces  these 

f  aircraft  lights  lor   Farnsworth  Television 

.o  Corp.     Made  ol  either  general-pur- 

•  or  impact  resistant  "Bakelite."  depending 

the  type  ol  light,  these  aviation  parts  are 

to   withstand   all   kinds   oi   weather. 

operational    conditions,    and    every    con- 

•able  atmospheric  condition-  from  extreme 

i  to  extreme  heat  and  humidity.     They  are 

jh    and    have    great   dimensional   stability 


Plastics  are  well  represented  in  the  food  warmer  devel- 
oped by  Tappan  Stove  Co.  lor  aircraft  crews.  "Fiber- 
qlas"  insulation  surrounds  the  oven  compartments  and 
24  plastics  drinking  straws  also  serve  a  definite  need 


A  fin*  example  of  a  custom  built  novelty  Is  thts  Oow»r  holder 
carved  from  qray,  whit*  and  transparent  c*Uu)OM  ac«tat» 
by  Emile  Norman.  Carriage  lop  is  removable. 


Preforms  of  material  to  be  molded  are  heated 
by  high  frequency  (right),  then  shaped  either 
shape  with  or  without  preliminary  transfer 


High  Speed  Molding  Machine 

Combination  oi  Electronic  Preheating,  New  Press  Design,  Produces 
Marked  Gains  in  Efficiency  of  Manual  Compression-Transfer  Molding 


AFTER  conducting  joint  research  into  methods  of 
speeding  up  molding  processes,  four  major  companies 
have  developed  a  combination  of  electronic  preheating  and 
versatile  press  design  which  reportedly  effects  exceptional 
economies  in  production  time. 

A  small  manually  operated  75-ton  unit,  the  press  was 
designed  to  operate  either  as  a  compression  or  Transfer 
molding  unit.  Operating  costs  are  cut  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
use  of  electronic  preheating  permits  reduction  in  molding 
pressure,  thus  also  lengthening  mold  life  and  making  pos- 
sible the  use  of  mold  materials  which  can  be  hobbed  more 
readily  than  the  commonly-used  types. 

Preheated  preforms  can  be  placed  directly  into  the 
regular  mold  and,  because  of  their  semi-plastic  state  re- 
sulting from  the  high-frequency  treatment,  it  is  not  neces- 
sary, according  to  the  companies,  to  use  the  high  hydraulic 
pressures  now  employed  in  compression  molding. 

The  press  features  a  hydraulic  plunger  at  the  top  which 
can  be  used  when  Transfer  molding,  to  press  the  pre- 
heated material  into  the  mold.  A  self-contained  oil  pump, 
located  at  the  side  of  the  press,  provides  the  source  of 
power  for  the  plunger.  • 

The  four  companies  co-operating  in  this  development 
were  Baldwin-Southwark  Division  of  Baldwin  Locomotive 
Works,  which  built  the  press :  \\V-tinghouse  Electric  & 
Manufacturing  Co.,  producers  of  the  preheating  equip- 
ment; the  Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  which  supplies  molding 
powders;  and  Bryant  Electric  Co.,  which  builds  special 


molds,  and  at  whose  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  plant  the  experi- 
ments were  conducted.  Ureas  and  melamines  were  the 
resins  used  in  the  studies. 

The  use  of  electronic  preheating  permitted  workmen 
to  turn  out  20%  more  pieces  from  an  experimental  6-cavity 
mold  than  were  previously  produced  from  a  standard  24- 
cavity  compression  mold,  and  the  difference  in  cost  between 
the  6-  and  24-cavity  molds  was  estimated  at  $6000.  About 
\2l/2%  is  said  to  have  been  saved  through  the  precision 
operation  of  the  press,  which  permitted  reduction  in  Hash 
and  consequent  reduction  in  time  required  for  finishing 
operations  on  the  product. 

In  the  experiments  conducted,  a  2-kw  high  frequency 
oscillator  was  used,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  recently- 
standardized  Westinghouse  line,  which  ranges  in  standard 
sizes  from  1  to  200-kw.  Self-contained,  all  units  in  this 
group  require  only  connection  to  a  60-cycle  power  source 
of  220  or  440  v.  Oscillator,  power  supply,  blower  and 
switches  are  housed  in  a  single  cabinet.  Timing  control 
is  automatic,  as  is  also  repetition  of  the  cycle. 

In  producing  an  electrical  outlet  plug,  such  as  is  used 
in  the  average  home,  the  Baldwin-Southwark  press  utilized 
a  pressure  of  12,000  psi  for  a  few  seconds.  Exposure  to 
radio  frequency  was  also  a  matter  of  seconds. 

The  design  of  the  new  press  will  be  adapted  by  the 
company  to  units  of  from  50  to  300-ton  capacity,  operated 
either  directly  from  an  accumulation  system  or  by  means 
of  separate  self-contained  motor-driven  pump  units.  END 


76 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Before  hands  and  tools  and  materials  can  give  it 

shape,  a  Boulder  Dam  or  a  new  plastics  product  must  first 

exist  in  the  minds  of  men  who  know  how  to 

think  ahead  of  their  times  . .  .  and  to  translate  their 

thoughts  into  practical  action. 

That  is  what  Victory  Plastics  Company  offers  you  in 

INGENEERING*:  new  ideas  . . .  sound  counsel  on  the 

right  plastics  materials  .  .  .  development  of  new  fabricating 

techniques  when  necessary  for  economical  production. 

All  await  the  opportunity  to  give  your 

postwar  product  the  competitive  advantage 

of  something  new  in  plastics. 

Victory  Plastics  Company, 

60  Scabbard  Street,  Hudson, 

Massachusetts. 


C  O  M  P  A  N  V 

COMMISSION          .         TtANIMI 

INJECTION          .          LAMINATION 

lATUt  ATION 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


77 


Let's  Systematize 

Plastics  Tooling  Information 


C. 


enneu 


Proposal  Would  Cut  Experiment 
Duplication,  Prevent  Tooling 
on  Inadequate  Data,  Stimulate 
All  "Purpose  Material  Research 


PLASTICS  tooling  has  been  strictly  a  war  baby,  born 
out  of  dire  necessity  and  nurtured  in  the  school  of 
hard  knocks.  Much  credit  must  be  given  those  engineers 
and  the  vast  army  of  artisans  who  toiled  night  and  day  to 
perfect  tools  from  every  conceivable  type  of  plastics, ^nate- 
rial  handed  them.  With  no  guidance  from  laboratory  ex- 
perimentation these  men  persevered  in  the  face  of  many 
discouragements  to  produce  workable  tooling  and  some 
measure  of  orde/'out  of  chaos. 

With  no  badqj;round  of  previous  experience,  they  waded 
through  a  maze  of  materials  (sor%e  135  different  kinds) 
made  from  innumerable  formulas. 

Even  today  there  is  no  authentic  source  of  data.  .Infor- 
mation can  be  secured  by  word  of  mouth  from  one  indi- 
vidual to  another,  but  nO  publication  nor  any  group  has 
yet  compiled  a  history  or  manual  on  plastics  tooling. 

The  industry  has  realized  the  need  of  this  information 
and  perhaps  has  wanted  to  do  something  about  it.  Only 
certain  groups  and  individuals  have  made  sincere  efforts 
towards  compiling  the  results  of  plastic&itooling  as  it  exists 
today.  However,  due  to  the  lack  of  any  central  authority 
and  the  vast  sources  to  be  covered,  no  one  group  or  set  of 

individuals  can  possibly  cope  with  the  tremendous  job  of 

1 

rhermoplastic   material   has   proved   its   usefulness   in   this 
>ress  block  used  at  Republic  Aviation  Corporation  plant 


r  T 


In  cutting  away  undesired  metal  from  a  formed  part, 
Republic  Aviation  uses  plastics  for  routing  fixtures 


setting  up  standards  and  producing  a  "bible"  for  the  in- 
dustry. 

It  is  the  chief  purpose  of  this  article  to  propose  the  cre- 
ation of  a  common  medium  for  compiling  and  publishing 
data  and  statistics  relative  to  plastics  tooling  and  to  sug- 
gest lines  along  which  this  data  be  assembled.  The  facts 
could  then  be  published" .monthly  in  report  form,  tabulated 
and  revised  by  a  central  committee,  composed  of  plastics 
and  tooling  engineers.  They  could  be  issued  in  loose-leaf 
form,  to  be  used  as  a  set  of  standards  and  a  guide  for  the 
entire  industry. 

Some  one  once  said,  "Comparisons  are  odius",  and  this 
is  true  of  plastics  as  well  as  people.  Not  because  of  the 
unfairness  involved,  but  due  more  to  the  fact  that  compari- 
sons are  too  often  made  without  the  use  of  tests  designed 
to  give  a  clear-cut  basis  for  comparison.  A  compendium 
of  the  information  suggested  above,  should  permit  compari- 
sons between  plastics  tools  now  in  production.  This  will 
provide  a  practical  answer  to  the  question  of  what  material 
for  what  tool,  as  against  the  offl  method  of  trying  to  make 
the  job  fit  the  material. 

•Under  the  system  proposed,  tooling  and  plastics  engi- 
neers would  have  at  their  disposal  a  series  of  correlated 
charts  covering  the  history  of  materials  used  and  the  actual 
production  records  of  these  plastics  tools  from  other 
plants  in  allied  lines  of  manufacture.  This  exchange  of 
information  would  include  performance  data  on  all  types 
of  plastics,  tools  made  from  divers  types  of  materials,  thus 
settling  the  question  of  one  material's  superiority  over 
another  under  specific  conditions.  The  charted  informa- 
tion and  performance  data,  as  well  as  a  complete  listing  of 
physical  characteristics,  would  make  it  possible  for  tool 
and  plastics  design  engineers  to  evaluate  the  qualifications 
and  limitations  of  any  material  before  proceeding  with  any 
job. 

At  the  present  time  many  duplicate  experimental  tool- 
ing operations  are  being  run,  due  to  ignorance  of  func- 
tional values,  throughout  the  many  war  plants  in  this  coun- 


78 


P  I.  A  «5  T  I 


FOR  THE  MASTEK  TOUCH . . . 
MORSE 


There's  only  one  way  to  get  the  clean-cutting,  close 
tolerance  drilling  and  tapping  so  essential  in 
plastics  machining  and  fabricating.  Thaf  s  to  use 
accurate,  properly  ground  tools  -  with  the  right 
clearances.  Morse  Drills  and  Taps  are  just  such 
tools.  Try  them  -  see  if  you  don't  get  better  work! 

TWIST    DRILL    AND 
MACHINE  COMPANY 

NEW    BEDFORD,   MASS.,   U.   S.   A. 
NEW    YORK    STORE:    130    LAFAYETTE   ST CHICAGO   STORE:    570   WEST   RANDOLPH    ST. 


FKBRUARY   1945 


SAN     FRANCISCO     STORE:     1180     FOLSOM     ST., 
PLASTICS 


79 


Plastics   drill   and   routing   fixture   hastens 
operations  on  corrugated  part  at  Republic 

try.  This  duplication  of  effort  could  be  avoided  by  the 
adoption  of  the  proposed  system,  thereby  saving  many 
man-hours  of  labor.  A  great  many  new  experimental  tools 
could  then  be  processed,  thereby  reducing  the  cost  of  new 
plastics  tooling  immeasurably. 

Up  to  the  present  time  there  has  been  no  one  material 
developed  that  answers  all  the  requirements  of  an  all- 
purpose  material.  Some  day  it  is  possible  that  the  cellu- 
losic  formulas  will  be  so  developed  and  expanded  that  a 
material  will  be  so  compounded  to  answer  all  tooling  needs. 
This  will  not  be  possible  until  the  manufacturers  them- 
selves are  in  possession  of  sufficient  development  informa- 
tion that  must  come  from  the  field  of  use  so  that  they, 
themselves,  may  know  what  is  needed  and  will  be  able  to 
produce  the  type  of  material  necessary.  The  only  way 
they  can  secure  this  information  is  through  the  central 
organization  suggested,  or  by  waiting  until  the  post-war 
era  allows  them  the  time  and  opportunity  to  carry  on 
extensive  laboratory  experimentations. 

Need  for  Comparative  Data 

Manufacturers  cannot  be  censured  for  advocating  that 
their  materials  will  make  certain  plastics  tools,  only  to 
have  the  material  fail  or  find  that  some  other  material  is 
more  satisfactory.  It  is  quite  possible  that  a  similar  oper- 
ation was  tried,  to  their  knowledge,  successfully  with 
their  material,  only  to  fail  in  this  instance  because  the  tool 
required,  for  example,  a  higher  impact  quotient.  Or  per- 
haps the  tool  was  required  to  perform  an  operation  calling 
for  high  impact  and  flexibility,  which  the  formula  did  not 
possess,  thus  resulting  in  failure.  Without  a  basic  chart 
for  comparative  purposes,  no  tool  engineer  or  tool  maker 
should  be  held  responsible  for  tool  failures.  The  material 
cannot  be  classified  as  unsatisfactory,  when  the  failure  is 
actually  due  to  a  lack  of  centrally  focused  information. 

Some  of  the  information  that  should  be  touched  on  in 
the  first  issues  of  the  suggested  plastics  standards  manual 
could  be  based  on  the  accompanying  outline. 

The  pressure  of  the  war  effort  placed  a  great  burden 
on  the  tooling  industry  to  produce  quickly  a  variety  of 
products  for  which  there  was  no  available  tooling.  It  was 
this  very  urgency  that  caused  some  of  the  bad  results 
experienced  in  going  too  far  and  too  fast  with  materials 
that  had  not  been  engineered  for  the  job.  The  whole 
plastics  tooling  development  might  have  collapsed  but  for 
the  persistence  of  one  or  two  manufacturers.  Much  credit 
must  be  accorded  these  same  pioneers  who  are  responsible 
for  the  continuance  of  this  work. 

The  use  of  these  materials,  almost  solely  confined  to  the 
aircraft  field  during  this  war  period,  has  nevertheless  been 
looked  on  by  the  automotive  and  metal  specialty  people 


with  interest.  Most  of  the  subcontracting  and  even  some 
prime  contractors  in  the  aircraft  field  were  automotive  or 
metal  specialty  manufacturers  during  peace  times.  The 
experiences  that  they  have  built  up  in  the  armament  field 
are  not  too  far  afield  from  their  own  lines  of  manufacture. 
One  more  reason  for  a  center  of  information  on  plastics 
tooling  is  to  obtain  data  that  will  facilitate  the  spread  of 
plastics  in  this  field  after  the  war. 

Eventually,  a  series  of  formulations  will  be  set  up  for 
certain  specified  needs  that  will  answer  practically  any 
tooling  function,  except  long-run  production.  This  ques- 
tion of  long-run  production  will  always  be  a  matter  for 
steel  dies  and  many  for  some  punch  operations.  However, 
the  post-war  markets  may  be  so  diversified  that  long-runs, 
where  thousands  of  parts  are  stamped  out  with  one  tool, 
may  become  a  thing  of  the  past.  The  need  for  a  material 
that  can  be  varied  without  many  man-hours  of  labor  will 
become  the  vogue,  and  it  is  then  that  plastics  will  indeed 
come  into  their  own. 

This  country  has  always  been  noted  for  its  demand  for 
change,  and  buying  habits  even  in  the  larger  type  of  equip- 
ment, such  as  motor  cars  and  refrigerators,  may  undergo 
basic  changes.  It  is  quite  possible  that  auto  manufacturers 
will  find  it  necessary  to  produce  two  or  three  model 
changes  per  year,  which  they  can't  do  now  without  great 
expense  under  present  tooling  methods.  Utilizing  plastics 
tooling  will  make  it  possible  to  effect  as  many  tooling 
(Continued  on  page  113) 


TYPES  OF  DATA  TO  BE  INCLUDED  IN 
A  STANDARD  MANUAL  OF  PLASTICS  TOOLING 

Classification  of  Known  Plastics  Tools  in  Production  Use  ] 

A)  Type  of  plastics  tool 

B)  Material  used  (best  indicated,  where  divers  materials  were  used; 

C)  Production  records 

D)  Costs — labor,  time,  material,  length  of  wear  and  replacement 
I  E)    Equipment  needed  to  make  tool;  best  make  recommended 
(F)    Comparative   analysis,   where   available 

Physical   Characteristics   Breakdown 

(A)  Manufacturers'  specifications 

(B)  Material  specification  checks,  based  on  production  usage 

(C)  Methods  of  testing  physical  properties 

(D)  Comparator  charts  (relation  to  other  plastics  materials) 

(E)  Comparator  charts   (relation  to  ferrous  and  non-ferrous  metals] 
(p)  Categorical  charting  of  specific  material  usage  as  to  type  o< 

fool    material   it   is   best  suited   for,   from   cost   and   production 
record  analysis 

Techniques  in   Plastics  Tooling   Manufacture 

(A)  Drop  hammer  punches 

1 I )  Best  casting  methods 

(2)  Type  and  material  of  mold  construction 

(3)  Molding  technigues   (drying,  parting  and  surface  prepara- 
tion) 

(4)  Specific  treatment  of  finished  casting,  according  to  type  of 
plastics  employed 

(5)  Curing  methods,  oven  or  room  temperature,  water  quench- 
ing 

(6)  Recommendations    for    attaching    punch    to    ram    of    drop 
hammer 

(7)  Use  of  reinforcement  plates  and  inserts 

(8)  Differences    in    plastics    tool    design    as    related    to    metal 
punches 

(9)  Temperatures    recommended    for    pouring    plastics,    plaster 
molds,  sand  molds,  metal  (hot  or  cold)  molds,  and  wooden 
molds 

(B)  Range  of  forming  operations 

II )  Siie  of  largest  successful  plastics  punches  recommended 
2)  Minimum    radii,    concave    and    convex    forming    operation, 

before  failure 

(3)  Maximum  production  expectancy  as  to  kind  of  material  and 
gage 

4)  Where  plastics  male  punches  shall  be  used 

5)  Where  plastics  female  punches  shall  be  used 

6)  Type  of  material  for  opposite  punch  or  die,  kirksite,  plas- 
tics, etc. 

(7)  Recommendations  for  casting  plastics  punches  directly  into 
Kirksite  dies 


80 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


f  • 


Planning  beyond  tomorrow . . .  and  the  day 
after  tomorrow ...  planning  for  aftcr-thc- 
war  period  when  fuller  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience born  of  war  needs  will  have  a  new 
rebirth  in  the  planning  of  peacetime  com- 
modities. In  your  plans  of  plastic  application 
to  future  products,  be  they  television  to  func- 
tional kitchens  or  paper-thin  diaphragms 
to  beautiful  bathrooms,  look  to  RESIN 
FIBRE  PLASTICS  for  a  probable  and 
favorable  solution  to  your  problem.  We 
do  not  profess  to  know  the  shape  of  things 
to  come... but  we  do  know  RESIN  FIBRE 
PLASTICS  will  be  a  valuable  contribution 
in  shaping  them,  for  this  is  a  versatile 
material,  possessing  important  diversified 
adaptabilities,  such  as  high  physical  values 
...pliability  of  formulation ...  solution  of 
difficult  contours . . .  structural  advantage  of 
large  sizes... all  important  to  future  useful- 
ness of  essential  products.  We  will  be  glad 
to  contribute  further  information  on  prob- 
lems you  may  have  in  "planning  ahead." 


ICENSING    MANUFACTURERS 


'OiO  CiNAOA .  MHOS  AIMS  i  A«f«KA 

OX.   INCIANO    •    S*ONIr.    <USIIAII< 


ST.  CHARLES 
ILLINOIS 


PRODUCTS  COMPANY 


KHHl  \RY   1913 


PLASTICS 


81 


Artist's  conception  of  oil  truck  and  airliner,  both  of  which  can  be  fabricated  in  part  from  low-pressure  bonded  materials 


Progress  in 


C-art  ^unaoera  ana    fr/ontat 


a 


IN  the  pre-war  era,  plastics  products  were  limited  in  size 
because  the  use  of  molding  powder  was  impractical  for 
the  manufacture  of  larger  pieces.  The  molding  of  plastics 
powders  requires  high  pressures  and  hardened  steel  tools 
to  accommodate  those  pressures — the  combination  adding 
up  to  a  costly  operation  which,  on  an  economic  basis,  pre- 
cludes the  production  of  large  pieces. 

Thus,  the  average  person  has  found  his  plastics  in  the 
form  of  such  items  as  radios,  toilet  articles,  kitchen  utensils, 
handles,  fishing  baits,  caps  and  closures,  and  many  hun- 
dreds of  other  small  articles. 

Thanks  to  developments  during  the  war  period,  how- 
ever, the  designer  or  engineer  has  been  given  another 
conception  of  plastics.  It  is  now  possible  to  produce  large 
sections  by  impregnating  glass  fibre,  paper,  cloth  or  ply- 
wood material,  with  synthetic  resins  under  relatively  low 
pressures  of  from  25  to  300  psi  producing  outstanding 
materials.  There  is  nothing  extremely  new  in  this  process, 
where  a  rubber  bag  is  used  as  either  the  male  or  the 
female  component  of  the  die,  and  the  whole  assembly 


is  placed  in  a  steam  autoclave.  There  are,  however,  severa 
variations  of  the  technique,  among  which  are  the  use  o 
electrical  heating  elements  and  mechanical  pressure  clamps. 

Because  expensive  steel  molds  are  unnecessary  under 
these  low  pressures,  and  cheaper  and  larger  molds  of  wood 
concrete  or  plaster-of-paris  can  be  used  instead,  the  de- 
signer will  be  free  to  concentrate  on  producing  the  ulti 
mate  in  design — from  both  a  practical  and  an  aesthetk 
point  of  view — marking  a  new  era  in  the  field  of  plastics 
items. 

It  is  the  authors'  opinion  that  the  transportation  fielc 
will  be  most  affected  by  the  development  of  low  pressun 
molding,  and  that  it  will  probably  be  among  the  first  t< 
be  revolutionized  by  this  new  technique.  As  a  result  o 
its  development,  plastics  aircraft  of  tomorrow  can  tx 
streamlined  to  almost  perfect  shape,  and  can  be  stronger 
faster  (because  drag  has  been  minimized  by  the  absenc* 
of  rivets  in  their  construction)  and  more  fire-resistant 
The  deHavilland  Mosquito  bomber  exemplifies  the  resul 
of  the  war-time  discovery  of  certain  synthetic  resin 
which,  when  impregnated  into  plywood,  produce  a  highl; 


«2 


P  /,  A  S  T  I  C  .S 


FEBRUARY  1943 


Sundberg  &  Ferar  foresee  the  construction  of  dairy  trucks  having  low-pressure-molded  trailer  sections 


Lightweight,  Low-Pressure  Resins 
May  Open  New  Era  in  Post-War 
Transport  Media  By  Increasing 
Speed,  Pay-load- To -Power  Ratio 


tory  material   for  this  purpose.     There  are,  how- 
till  some  problems  which  must  be  overcome  before 
lastics-bonded  aircraft  structures  can  be  fully  acceptable 
-principally   in   regard  to  their  reaction  to  temperature 
ctremes.    Nevertheless,  sufficient  data  has  been  obtained 
.ice  and  continued  research  is  producing  such  en- 
:ng  results  that  the  use  of  many  types  of  plastics- 
indcil  aircraft,  or  parts  thereof,  is  confidently  expected. 
How  this  new  process  may  affect  manufacturing  and 
ur  future  living  habits  is  demonstrated  in  the  matter  of 
tat  building.    Here  is  an   industry  which,  even   in  the 
uilding  of  a  cruiser,  has  required  considerable  labor,  hun- 
reds  of   pieces  of   lumber  and   a   multitude  of   calking, 
aiming   and   shaping  operations.    But   even  at  that   the 
'ooden  boat  is  subject  to  dry  rot  and  water  absorption. 

•ics  boats,  on  the  other  hand,  will  be  stronger,  leak- 
roof,  lighter  in  weight  and  more  buoyant,  and  will  cost 
as  to  maintain.  The  plastics  boat,  from  the  designer's 
oint  of  view,  can  be  more  truly  streamlined,  functionally 
II  av  aesthetically,  since  there  is  practically  no  limit 
>  thr  nmnlwr  of  shapes  a  designer  can  obtain  in  a  molded 


part.  Progress  in  the  design  of  wooden  boats  has  been 
retarded,  due  to  the  cost  of  attaining  new  designs  when 
using  old  methods. 

The  possibilities  in  boat  building  are  truly  enormous. 
Here  is  a  field  where  not  only  the  conventional  manufac- 
turing method  could  be  revolutionized  by  plastics,  sup- 
planting a  technique  which  has  endured  for  at  least  4000 
years. 

Low  pressure  molding  may  also  be  responsible   for  a 

new  era   in   railroad   travel.     Tomorrow's   train   traveler 

may  ride  in  a  coach  almost  entirely  lined  with   plastic^ 

material,  and  one  which  can  be  infinitely  more  comfortable 

(Continued  on  fagc  105) 


A  new  concept  in  train  design  is  effected  thru  the  use 
of  tough,  transparent  plastics  for  (root  observation  cat 


KMIUMH     I'M.', 


PLASTICS 


83 


An  Improved  Method 
For  Determining 
Heat  Distortion 
Temperature 


Fig.  1.    Close-up  of  the  load  shaft 
assembly.  Note  rigid  construction 


Fig.  2.  The  complete  testing 
device,  as  developed  by  the 
authors.  Parts  indicated  by 
letters  are  described  fully 
in  the  text  of  the  article. 
Outer  copper  container  (A), 
with  load  mechanism  and  in- 
ner container  (B)  on  it,  is 
electrically  heated.  Glycer- 
ine between  the  containers 
acts  as  the  heat  conductor 


£.  2*J&Ui,  S.  ^4. 


a 


an 

Material  Laboratory,  Navy  Yard,  N.  Y. 

New  Test  Unit  Cuts  Errors 
Due  to  Thermal  Expansion, 
Friction  in  Applying  Load 

HEAT  distortion  temperature,  or  softening  point,  is 
an  arbitrarily  defined  physical  property  of  plastics 
materials  which  is  used  to  indicate  the  maximum  tempera- 
ture to  which  a  plastic  may  be  subjected  in  service.  The? 
apparatus  and  procedure  for  the  determination  of  this  prop- 
erty is  described  by  the  government  (1),  and  ASTM(2>  as:i 

The  test  specimen,  5"  X  0.5"  X  0.5",  supported  on 
a  4"  span  as  a  simple  beam,  is  subjected  to  a  dead 
weight  load  of  5.5  Ib  (2.5  kg)  applied  at  the  midpoint 
of  the  span.  The  air  temperature  surrounding  the 
test  specimen  is  raised  from  77  ±  3.6°  F  at  the  rate 
of  approximately  1°  F  per  min.  When  the  deflec- 
tion midway  between  supports  is  0.010"  during  the 
temperature  rise,  the  specimen  is  considered  to  have 
reached  its  heat  distortion  temperature.  The  ap- 
paratus required  for  this  test  has  been  standardized 
with  a  'A"  radius  for  all  specimen  support  and  load- 
ing edges. 

The  authors  have  developed  a  heat  distortion  apparatu 
which  is  considered  desirable  for  use  because  of  the  fea 
tures  incorporated  in  its  design.  It  incorporates  Invar 
specimen  supports  and  loading  mechanism  to  minimize 
thermal  expansion  errors;  achieves  practically  frictionless 
load  application  ;  and  is  provided  with  reinforced  structural 
members  for  increased  rigidity. 

In  structure,  it  consists  of  the  component  parts  shown 
in  Fig.  2  which  (A)  is  an  outer  copper  container;  (B),  an 
inner  copper  container  so  arranged  that  glycerine  can  b( 
poured  into  the  space  between  the  two  containers;  a  loa< 
shaft  (C)  which,  together  with  the  machined  weigh 

(D)  and  dial  gage  attachments,  weighs  5.5  Ib;  a  dial  gag< 

(E)  ;  and  thermometer   (F).    The  test  specimen   (G)  ! 
placed  on  two  supports  (H)  which  are  spaced  4"  apart  an< 
have  contact  edges  with  a  %"  radius.   These  supports  an 
riveted  to  a  bottom  plate  (J)  which  in  turn  is  riveted  t( 
two  side  supports   (K).     The  side  supports  are  fastene< 
to  and  pass  through  the  cover  plate  (L)  and  are  held  to 
gether  by  two  sets  of  bearing  holders   (M).    Four  rolle 
bearings,  one  of  which  is  indicated  at  (N),  are  positions 
on  four  shafts  such  as  the  one  indicated  at  (O),  to  rol 
in  the  vertical  machined  slots  diametrically  located  on  th 
load  shaft  so  that  the  shaft  can  move  vertically  with  prac 

(Continued  on  Page  117) 


84 


FEBRUARY  194J 


CLEAR  OR  COLORFUL -Oar  enough 
(or  -m.  rail  rnwling*.  or  infinitrl\  <  "l"i 
alilr.  Drrgi.  vivid  opaques,  glowing  trans- 
In.  ,-M.  ies,  shimmering  pearleacenU, 
iridescent*. 


Only  the  CELLULOSICS... 

combine  all  these  useful  properties  in  one  plastic! 


A*          The  cellulosics  combine  more  advantages 
for  a  wider  variety  of  uses  than  any  other 
/t\        group  of  thermoplastics.  In  various  forms 
and  types  they  have  continued,  year  after 
}  far,  to  get  preferential  selection  for  a  vast  diver- 
sity of  products.  Examples  shown  on  this  page  are 
typical  cases  where  a  combination  of  important 
properties  prompted  the  choice  of  cellulosics. 


HJSI(CULES 

Hercules  makes  no  finished  plastics,  but  pro- 
duces the  cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  nitrate, 
and  ethyl  cellulose  from  which  plastics  arc 
made.  For  data  please  write  924  Market  Street, 
Hercules  Powder  Company.  Wilmington  99,  Oelawire. 


JHTWEIGHT      Cellulosic.  combine 
I  ht  Wright  »iili  great  strength,  aa  in 

-  !•••_•  !..ill-,  and  countless  other 
I  >duc  t.  where  lightneM  and  dura- 
essential. 


FLEXIBLE  OR  RIGID  C.ll,,|,,.,. - 
can  be  either  hard  and  rigid — or  flex- 
iMr  rnough  for  movie  film,  wire  insu- 
lation. Bend,  twist,  flex,  or  fold  them! 


STABU— Stable  to  climatic  eitKaie* 
of  humidity  and  temperature,  to  many 
acids,  alkalies,  and  alcohols,  to  gaso- 
line, oik,  and  water. 


TOUOH-Cellulotica  withstand  coti- 
cant  wear,  violent  impact,  crushing 
pmrare;  resist  chipping,  cracking, 
shattering,  eveo  at  low  temperature. 


KltKUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


85 


•man 

PLASTICS'    Washington    Correspondent 


IANPOWER  troubles  apparently  are  causing  most  of 
the  current  distress  among  members  of  the  plastics 
industry.  Justice  Byrnes'  request  that  Congress  give  the 
WLB  strong  powers  to  enforce  its  orders,  and  make  new 
laws  to  force  4-Fs  into  war  work,  brought  a  new  country- 
wide chorus  of  wails  to  the  ears  of  the  heads  of  the  various 
agencies  concerned  with  plastics. 

The  song  of  woe  began  when  Selective  Service  ordered 
the  local  draft  boards  to  double  monthly  inductions  by 
taking  those  in  the  26  to  36  year  class  who  had  hitherto 
been  deferred.  The  volume  swelled  when  the  word  came 
that  WMC  would  apply  "sanctions"  to  those  who  ignored 
manpower  directions  from  the  U.  S.  Employment  Service 
and  from  WMC  itself.  Obviously  these  troubles  beset 
those  who  make  products  for  civilians,  or  who  manufac- 
ture borderline  things.  "Must"  products,  either  military  or 
civilian,  are  encouraged  by  all  Government  agencies,  and 
the  plastics  producers  who  make  these  things  are  not 
troubled.  The  greatest  worries  possess  those  who  make 
what  our  friends  in  OCR  call  "gadgets."  These  manufac- 
turers appear  headed  for  all  the  troubles  that  mankind  is 
heir  to  (luring  wartimes.  They  will  find  it  swiftly  more 
difficult  to  obtain  molding  materials  as  well  as  equipment 
and  facilities,  and  they  will  rapidly  lie  shorn  of  manpower. 
The  swelling  need  of  war  materials  simply  leaves  no  room 
for  the  production  of  gadgets  for  civilians. 

It  is  the  general  impression  here,  now,  that  everything 
not  required  for  direct  war  service,  at  home  or  abroad, 
will  become  scarcer  in  supply  week  by  week.  It  is  pointed 
out  that  many  of  the  war  plants  newly  in  process  of  build- 
ing will  not,  in  most  instances,  be  fully  ready  for  full  opera- 
tion until  mid-summer.  The  old  crack  that  "you  haven't 
seen  anything  yet,"  appears  to  be  at  the  bottom  of  most 
thinking  in  regard  to  the  stringencies  ahead.  It  appears 


The  New  Priority  System  by  Which  WMC  and  WPB 
Rate  the  Orders  of  Employers  for  Manpower 

(A  guide  to  plastics  firms  in  qaginq  the 
relative  importance  of  their  claims  upon 
the  nation's  limited  supply  of  labor). 

1.  Orders    of    national    importance    originating    at    national 
sources. 

2.  Emergency  orders  originating  in  the  area  where  they  are 
issued. 

3.  Orders    covering   the    production    or   services   which    have 
fallen  behind  schedule  due  to  manpower  reasons  or  which 
threaten  to  fall  behind  an  expanded  schedule;  also,  work- 
ers engaged  in  "must"  production  or  services  on  national, 
regional,  state  or  area  initiative. 

4.  Orders  in  essentially  the  same  field  as  classification  No.  3, 
except   that   they   apply   only   to   regional,    state    or   area 
requirements. 

5.  Orders  which    require    preferential   treatment  for   "locally 
needed"   and   "essential"   establishments. 


to  remain  true  that  those  most  competent  to  judge,  think 
that  the  toughest  period  of  the  war  for  the  homefront  lies 
ahead  during  the  next  six  months  or  so.     The  reasoning 
has  immediate  application  to  the  plastics  industry  because 
there  are  many  producers  who  are  said  to  be  reluctant  to 
take  on  military  business  or  other  direct  war  work.    The 
hesitancy    is    sympathetically   appreciated    in   Government 
quarters.     It  is  easily  understood  that  operation  under  the  j 
captious  eye  of  an  inspector  in  uniform  robs  life  of  much 
of  its  sweetness,  and  tends  to  make  the  profit  in  a  piece  of  | 
business  of  a  thinness  not  unlike  an  electrolytic  coating. 
But  with  the  swelling  volume  of  production  required  for 
war,  apparently  the  work  or  fight  order  will  reach  somej 
of  the  manufacturers  who  today  are  working  alright,  but: 
are  not  fighting  at  the  same  time.    These  people  here  in 
Washington  urge  that  many  producers  who  have  managed 
to  keep  going  on  civilian  lines  should  now  get  into  thel 
direct  war  production  as  a  matter  of  realistic  self-protec- 
tion as  well  as  patriotism.    Even  if  making  things  for  \\  ar 
is  not  as  profitable,  and  is  much  more  troublesome  than 
making  civilian  products,  they  point  out  making  war  prod- 
ucts may  mean  the  difference  between  keeping  the  plant 
open  or  eventually  closing  down. 

War    Work   Omnipotent 

It  is  generally  thought  in  Government  that  most  plants 
capable  of  doing  war  work,  not  engaged  in  war  \\i  irk- 
either  must  take  war  work  or  quit  all  work,  because  the 
time  may  not  be  far  distant  when  plants  in  this  situation 
will  not  be  able  to  obtain  the  materials,  manpower,  elec- 
tricity, fuel,  or  other  services  or  supplies  that  are  under 
control  of  the  various  war  agencies. 

A  day  or  two  before  Christmas,  Justice  Byrnes  made 
the  proceeding  clear.  He  announced  that  WPB  had  been 
ordered  by  the  Office  of  War  Mobilization  and  Recon- 
version, of  which  WPB  is  a  part,  to  enforce  compliance 
with  WMC  regulations  by  withdrawing  priorities  and  allo- 
cations from  those  who  do  not  comply  with  WMC  require- 
ments. This  action  patently  sprang  from  the  action  oi 
those  who  have  ignored  WMC  directions  because  they 
knew  WMC  had  no  power  to  enforce  its  orders.  Under 
the  new  Byrnes  directive  WPB  may  withdraw  or 
modify  any  priority  or  allocation  when  it  finds  "that  mate- 
rials or  facilities  are  not  being  used  most  effectively  for 
the  prosecution  of  the  war  as  a  result  or  a  failure  to  com- 
ply with  an  employment  ceiling  or  hiring  regulation  of  the 
War  Manpower  Commission.  Priorities  or  allocations 
will  be  withdrawn  or  modified  under  this  regulation  after 
WMC  has  certified  to  WPB  that  an  employer  has  refusec 
to  comply  with  an  employment  ceiling  or  hiring  regulation, 
within  a  reasonable  time  after  he  has  been  notified  of  hi; 
failure  to  do  so.  If  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  materials 
or  facilities  are  not  being  used  most  effectively  for  the 
prosecution  of  the  war  as  a  result  of  the  failure  to  comply 
WPB  will  institute  proceedings  before  one  of  its  Com- 
pliance Commissioners  to  determine  whether  there  ii 


86 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


[Hunt  ni  this,  and  will  give  the  employer  notice  of  hearing. 
This  regulation  applies  to  all  kinds  of  priorities  and  alloca- 
whioh  an-  granted  either  before  or  after  this  regula- 
tion is  issueil.  including  preference  ratings,  allotment 
numbers  or  symbols,  and  directions,  authorizations,  or 
grants  of  appeals  to  deliver  or  receive  materials  or  to 
manufacture  products  or  to  use  facilities." 

Shut-Downs    Faced 

Xn.dvMs  of  this   Order   reveals   it   is   so   sweeping  that 
UTB  in  effect   may  completely   shut  down  an  offending 
plant.   Judge  Charles  M.  Hay.  Deputy  Chairman  of  \VM<". 
credited    with    formulating   the    Byrnes    order,    declared : 
"The  new  regulation  means  the  field  staff  of  WMC  can 
>w  make  more  extensive  use  of  the  type  of  ceiling  pro- 
•ani  designed  to  obtain  from  less  essential  firms  the  spe- 
types  of  workers  urgently  needed  for  war  production." 
is  important  for  the  plastics  industry  to  understand  the 
lem  which  has  been  put  in  effect  to  classify  manpower 
lers  of  employers.     K've  major   categories   indicate  the 
[relative   importance   of   industries   in   war    work.     These 
•ategories.  approved  by  WMC  and  WPB,  are  as  follows: 
'ate.nory    1    covers  orders  of  exceptional   national   impor- 
ance   which   originate   at   national    sources.     Category  2 
emergency    orders,    which    originate    in   the    area 
vhere  they  are  issued.    Category  3  covers  production  or 
ervices  behind  schedule  for  manpower  reasons,  or  which 
hreaten  to  fall  behind  schedule  because  the  schedule  has 
expanded :  also  when  workers  are  engaged  on  "must" 
irodnetioii    or    services,    on    national,    regional,   state,    or 
irea  initiative.    Category  4  practically  covers  the  same  field 
i-.  ( 'ategory  3,  except  that   it  applies  only  to  manpower 
iceds  springing  from  regional,  state  or  area  requirements. 
ry  5  applies  to  "essent:al"  and  "locally  needed"  es- 
ablishments   which  have  orders  that  require  preferential 
Teatment.     It  is  significant  that  any  order  for  manpower 
n  a  local  office  of  the  U.  S.  Employment  Office,  which 
loes  not  carry  one  of  these  five  priority  designations,  given 
ither   by    the   National    Manpower   Priorities    Committee, 
ir  by  WMC  Regional,  State  or  Area  Directors,  is  classed 
"non-priority",  meaning  it  must  stand  aside  until  all  pref- 
•renre  orders  have  been  filled. 

'r'rtical  Labor   Areas 

More  and  new  places  recently  were  added  to  the  list 
i  area  centers  where  labor  shortages  are  very  critical. 
Jorger,  Texas,  is  placed  in  the  most  critical  list,  and  Min- 
icapolis  and  St.  Paul  i  Minn.),  and  Norristown  and  Pater- 
on,  X.  J.,  are  listed  as  in  more  urgent  need  of  manpower 
*sources  than  before.  There  also  is  greater  need  of  man- 
"Ower  in  Amarillo,  Tex.:  Denver  and  Pueblo,  Colorado: 
nd  Kau  Claire  and  Kenosha,  Wis. 

It  is  generally  assumed  the  Army  will  increase  its  pres- 

I~~W  quota  of  7,700,000  by  approximately  another  million 
ten.  This  means  that  roughly  that  many  more  men  must 
•e  taken  from  the  work  force,  in  addition  to  the  replace- 
\tnts  required  monthly  by  the  Army.  At  present,  for  the 
loment,  most  draft  boards  have  been  reluctant  to  take 
«n  over  26.  The  Army  has  never  been  inclined  to  at- 
•mpt  to  make  soldiers  of  men  over  30.  But  the  present 
ressure  for  more  men  means  that  most  men,  between 
i  and  29,  single  or  married,  if  not  engaged  in  absolutely 
rgent  war  work,  will  be  swept  into  the  armed  services, 
nd  naturally  it  is  logical,  if  casualties  continue  heavy, 
len  over  30  will  be  inducted  in  large  numbers.  It  is  re- 
arded  as  reasonably  certain  here  that  4-Fs  will  be  thor- 
ughly  rechecked  again  to  net  those  who  might  make 
Jldiers,  and  that  some  occupational  deferment  classifica- 

may  be  wiped  out. 

It  may  have  missed  your  notice  that  the  Army  has  said 
emphasis:  "We  must  be  prepared  for  any  eventual- 


ity." One  eventuality  now  considered  certain  i»  that  there 
will  be  no  material  diminution  of  draft  inductions  after 
the  end  of  the  German  war.  The  confidence  that  the  draft 
would  dwindle  to  insignificance  after  V-E  Day  has  been 
dissipated.  Apparently  the  armed  services  will  insist  on 
every  resource  of  the  draft  until  the  Japanese  are  defeated. 
And  bear  in  mind  that  the  armed  services,  more  specifi- 
cally the  Army,  now  dominate  almost  every  war  agency 
of  the  Government.  The  soldiers  are  almost  completely 
running  the  show.  They  are  making  the  programs,  the 
plans,  and  they  are  telling  the  Krugs,  the  Marvin  Jones', 
the  McNutts,  what  must  be  done.  However,  apparently 
only  Justice  Byrnes  is  telling  Justice  Byrnes  what  shall 
be  done. 

Shortages  Continue 

Increased  military  requirements  for  formaldehyde  re- 
duced the  supply  of  urea  and  nielamine  aldehyde  re-in«. 
and  made  it  necessary  for  WPB  to  reduce  the  monthly 
small  order  exemption  for  protective  coatings  from  2,000  to 
550  pounds,  on  January  1.  OPA  has  defined  scrap  as  plastics 
material  left  over  from  fabricating  operations,  even  though 
that  material  is  usable  without  further  processing.  The 
definition  was  made  specific  because  OPA  found  some 
fabricators  collected,  premiums  for  scrap  usable  without 
processing.  However,  material  left  over  and  recut  to 
standard  sizes  is  not  scrap,  because  it  has  been  made  useful 
by  additional  operations  which  involved  expense.  OPA 
places  it  under  prices  for  plastic  material  "other  than 
scrap."  The  declaration  is  contained  in  Amendment  No.  2, 
MRP,  No.  345.  In  December,  WPB  found  vinyl  acetate 
was  in  excess  of  requirements  and  revoked  allocation 
Order  M-240.  Improved  production  techniques  are  credited 
with  substantial  increase  of  the  output.  There  is  a  hint 
abroad  here,  however,  that  the  prevailing  diminution  of 
all  plastics  may  again  curtail  vinyl  acetate. 

General  Notes 

Effective  January  1,  weavers  of  rayon  yarn,  or  those 
who  have  rayon  yarn  woven,  were  forbidden  to  purchase 
or  to  receive  viscose  or  cuprammonium  reserved  domestic 
yarn  unless  specifically  authorized  by  WPB.  Order  M-37-d 
makes  eligible  for  monthly  allocation  weavers  whose  basic 
monthly  poundage  of  silk  or  nylon  the  first  half  of  1941 
consisted  of  yarn  dyed  silk,  or  consumed  in  knitting  during 
the  same  period.  The  amended  order  is  designed  to  con- 
serve viscose  or  cuprammonium  rayon  yarn  for  hosiery 
and  for  underwear,  diverting  acetate  yarns  to  other  n-e- 
Acetate  yarns  are  not  deemed  satisfactory  for  underwear. 

Army  announced  that  its  artificial  eye  laboratory  at  Val- 
ley Forge  General  Hospital,  Phoenixville,  Pa.,  has  created 
eyes  of  water-clear  plastics,  tinted  to  duplicate  every  ap- 
pearance of  the  natural  eye.  The  War  Department  as-crt* 
that  the  plastics  eyes  are  superior  to  the  finest  glass  eye. 
and  are  uncanny  in  their  duplication  of  all  the  details  of 
the  natural  eye,  being  lighter  and  feeling  better  than  the 
glass  eye,  and  fitting  so  well  that  considerable  movement 
is  possible.  Found  to  be  practically  indestructible,  it  can 
be  made  at  a  cost  of  less  than  $5.  per  eye  (the  cost  of  the 
best  custom-made  glass  eye  is  said  to  be  as  high  as  $300. : 
the  ordinary  glass  eye,  without  medical  fitting,  costs  about 
$20.)  Army  appears  to  be  plann:ng  a  large-scale  manufac- 
ture of  plastics  eye-. 

Army  Air  Forces  report  Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
is  building  an  $8,000,000  plant  at  Karnack,  Tex.,  to  manu- 
facture a  plastics  launching  propellent  for  American  model* 
of  robot  bombs.  The  preliminary  work  was  conducted  at 
the  laboratory  of  the  Army  Air  Forces  Technical  Service 
Command  at  Dayton,  jointly  with  the  National  Defense 
Research  Council,  and  Dr.  Charles  Allen  Thomas,  head  of 
Monsanto's  Central  Research  laboratories. 


IRUARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


87 


ENGINEERING 

tetter 


BY  LEWIS  WINNER 

Market  Research  Engineer 

"Flexible  Glass" 

The  application  of  .001"  glass  sheets  to  heavy  sheets  of 
plastics  in  the  polymer  or  resin  families  providing  flexible 
glass  is  now  possible,  as  a  result  of  the  development  work  of 
Peter  J.  Gaylor  of  Union,  N.  J.  Heretofore  glass,  which  is 
really  an  inorganic  plastics  (metal  silicate,  devoid  of  carbon 
in  its  molecular  structure)  has  been  sandwiched  between 
alternate  layers  of  thin  sheets  of  plastics  to  provide  a  shatter- 
proof glass.  This  procedure,  however,  did  not  result  in  any 
improvement  in  molded  plastics  products,  nor  did  it  provide 
for  flexible  sheets.  In  addition,  large  glass  windows  made  in 
this  fashion  did  not  stand  up  well  because  of  the  large 
proportion  of  fragile  glass  that  was  present  and  also  because 
of  the  high  density  of  the  compositions.  Gaylor's  method 
provides  for  the  production  of  many  interesting  products. 
For  instance,  it  is  possible  to  prepare  a  plastics  window 
shade  by  using  a  relatively  thick  sheet  of  plastics  such  as 
plasticized  polyvinyl  chloride  or  vinyl  chloride-acetate  copoly- 
mer,  coated  on  either  side  with  a  very  thin  sheet  of  glass, 
and  cemented  evenly  on  these  surfaces.  Such  a  window 
shade  would  not  be  affected  by  light  or  atmosphere,  and  can 
be  cleaned  by  the  usual  glass-wiping  methods.  Gaylor  also 
states  that  these  shades  are  really  more  durable,  because  the 
glass  layer  prevents  continuous  volatilization  of  the  plasticizer. 
This  usually  causes  gradual  embrittlement  on  aging. 

Plate  or  window  glass  is  another  item  that  can  utili/c 
this  new  method  quite  effectively.  Windows  made  in  this 
way  are  difficult  to  break,  too. 

Glass  pipes  provide  another  item  where  Gaylor's  method 
can  be  used  effectively.  Such  a  pipe  can  be  coated  on  the  in- 
side or  outside  with  a  very  thin  flexible  sheet  of  glass. 
According  to  Mr.  Gaylor,  this  sheet  is  preferably  applied 
after  the  surface  of  the  plastics  pipe  has  been  coated  with 
a  cement.  Then  the  glass  sheet  is  smoothed  over  the  cemented 
surface  to  provide  a  solid  backing.  The  cement  used  can  be 
one  of  a  lower  molecular-weight  polymer  of  the  plastics  from 
which  the  body  of  the  glass  pipe  is  being  manufactured.  Or, 
according  to  Mr.  Gaylor,  it  may  be  a  polyisobutene  polymer, 
alkyl  or  aryl  silicone  polymers,  low  molecular-weight  poly- 
styrene, polyvinyl  acetals  or  methacrylate. 

Glass-Plastics  Sheeting 

Fireproof  and  scratchproof  molded  plastics  surfaces  are 
also  possible  with  this  method.  It  is  only  necessary  to  coat 
the  plastic  product  with  a  thin  glass  sheet  and  to  color  the 
glass,  if  desired,  to  eliminate  coloring  of  the  plastics  itself. 
Incidentally,  applying  this  coloring  method  eliminates  the 
possibility  of  fading  or  color  changing.  It  is  also  possible 
to  produce  optical  lenses  with  this  glass-plastics  sheeting. 
Gaylor  states  that  the  application  of  the  glass  to  the  plastics 
eliminates  present  scratching  and  scuffing  problems. 

Any  of  the  polymer  or  resin  plastics  may  be  treated 
with  the  Gaylor  method.  These  plastics  include  phenol 
formaldehyde,  methacrylate,  acrylate,  styrene,  urea-aldehyde, 
vinyl  chloride-acetate,  polyacetate  vinylidene  chloride,  Nylon 
type  acid  amide,  ethylene,  unsaturated  ketone,  and  ether, 
diolefin,  iso-olefin  and  other  polymeric  substances  and 
copolymers. 

To  apply  the  glass  film  to  a  plastics  surface,  Mr.  Gaylor 
recommends  the  melting  of  the  plastics  surface  by  a  flame 
or  other  means,  and  applying  a  glass  film  with  a  roller  or 
press.  He  says  that  the  difference  in  coefficient  expansion 
due  to  the  change  in  temperature  may  be  allowed  for  by 
selecting  the  proper  intermediate  cementing  compound.  Gay- 
lor also  discloses  that  it  is  possible  to  secure  a  translucent 
effect  by  matting  thin  glass  fibres  upon  a  cementing  surface 


of  a  plastics  material.  Of  course,  a  large  part  of  the  plastics 
surface  will  still  be  exposed  and  thus  this  method  is  not  so 
effective  in  protecting  the  surface  of  the  plastics  as  is  the 
method  of  using  a  continuous  thin  flexible  form  of  glass. 

Overcoming  Resin  "Breathing" 

Accelerated  demands  for  versatile  resins  have  prompted  the 
development  of  resins  with  a  substantial  capacity  for  the 
absorption  and  adsorption  of  ions  and  acidic  parts.  As  the 
absorbing  capacity  has  been  increased,  however,  chemists  have 
noted  that  considerable  changes  in  volume  or  breathing  of 
the  resin  bed  occur  during  both  absorption  and  regeneration. 
It  is  accordingly  necessary  that  equipment  be  large  enough 
to  permit  adequate  backwashing  of  the  maximum  volume. 
This  breathing  also  prompts  many  changes  in  the  bed  which 
are  undesirable  and  impose  limitations  on  efficient  resin  use. 
A  method  for  overcoming  these  problems  has  been  conceived 
by  Robert  J.  Myers  of  Elkins  Park,  and  John  W.  Eastes  of 
Philadelphia.  Their  process  calls  for  the  preparation  of 
phenol  formaldehyde  resins  which  have  aminomethyl  sub- 
stituents  and  which  are  modified  by  reaction  with  a  carbo- 
hydrate which  reduces  Fehling's  solution,  or  with  a  carbo- 
hydrate which  yields  reducing  substances  when  heated  in  the 
reaction  mixture  of  phenol,  formaldehyde  and  a  non-aromatic 
amine.  Resins  thus  produced  exhibit  a  minimum  of  breathing. 

The  phenol  used  may  be  monocyclic  or  polycyclic  and  may 
contain  a  nuclea  substituent  as  an  alkyl,  alkoxy,  aryloxy,  aryl, 
etc.  The  typical  phenols  that  can  be  used  include'  phenol 
itself,  various  cresols,  amyl  phenol,  etc. 

Either  an  aqueous  or  solvent  solution  of  formaldehyde  may 
be  used.  It  may  be  added  in  the  form  of  a  gas  or  may  be 
obtained,  at  least  in  part,  from  methylenic  compounds,  in- 
cluding polymers,  such  as  para  formaldehyde,  etc.  Any  non- 
aromatic  primary  or  secondary  amine  or  an  amine  containing 
both  primary  and  secondary  groups  can  be  used  as  an  amine. 
A  non-aromatic  amine  is  one  in  which  the  amine  nitrogen 
is  not  attached  directly  to  a  phenol  nucleus,  as  in  aniline. 

Describing  the  method  of  preparation,  Myers  and  Eastes 
state  that  the  first  step  involves  dissolving  of  the  phenol  or 
a  thorough  suspension  of  it  ip  water.  To  accomplish  this, 
an  alkali  such  as  sodium  hydroxide  can  be  used.  Then,  to 
form  a  methylol  compound,  the  necessary  formaldehyde  is 
added  and  a  non-aromatic  reactive  amine  is  added.  In  the 
next  step  the  phenol  and  amine  may  be  mixed  alternatively, 
and  the  formaldehyde  carefully  added  to  this  mixture.  This 
forms  a  phenol-formaldehyde-amine  condensate  which  is  re- 
acted with  a  carbohydrate  by  heating  the  liquid  mixture  be- 
tween about  80  and  100°  C  until  a  jell  forms.  If  the  reaction 
is  conducted  under  pressure,  a  higher  temperature  may  be 
applied.  Incidentally,  the  carbohydrates  may  be  added  as  an 
aqueous  slurry.  After  this  heating  process,  additional  for- 
maldehyde may  be  added.  The  resultant  jell  is  then  dried 
at  a  temperature  above  75°  C,  but  just  below  the  point  at 
which  scorching  of  the  resultant  resin  occurs.  Myers  and 
Eastes  say  that  the  upper  temperature  is  that  at  which 
incipient  decomposition  may  take  place  with  a  loss  of  amine 
groups;  in  general  this  is  about  135°  C.  The  dried  resins 
made  with  starch  or  converted  starch  are  then  tested  for 
starch.  If  the  test  is  negative,  it  will  be  evident  that  in  the 
final  resin  all  of  the  carbohydrate  has  been  reacted.  Myers 
and  Eastes  say  that  repeated  use  in  ion  exchange  applications 
does  not  remove  carbohydrate  and  that  the  nitrogen  content 
remains  unchanged. 

Molecular  Study 

The  intensive  study  of  the  molecular  structure  of  plastics 
has  attracted  the  attention  of  many.  Last  month  we  dis- 
cussed the  results  of  a  study  made  by  A.  J.  Warner  of 
International  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Co.  W.  O.  Baker  of 
Bell  Laboratories  has  also  completed  an  interesting  analysis 
of  this  project.  He  points  out  that  plastics  of  great  com- 
mercial value,  which  are  derived  from  cellulose,  illustrate  the 
generality  of  the  principles  of  molecular  chain  packing.  He 
says  that  their  chemical  structure  is  quite  complicated.  How- 
ever, the  physical  properties  of  these  solids  are  governed  by 
the  same  molecular  interaction  between  groups  of  atoms  which 
exert  strong  lateral  attractions  and  associate  in  layers.  END 


88 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


FAST" 


BETTf" 


MOID'"6 


»    T 


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nee 


AIRTRONICS  Model  CB  Control  Panel.  Adjustment  of 
power  output  and  preheating  time  made  in  a  few  seconds  with 
Set-up,  Power  and  Timer  Controls.  No  special  (raining  necessary. 

Developed  expressly  for  plastics  molders — 
who  needed  electronic  preheating  equipment 
that  tras  more  dependable,  more  versatile  and 
easier  to  operate — AIRTRONICS  units  have 
established  enviable  records  throughout  tin- 
plastics  industry.  Exclusive  features  of  AIR- 
TRONICS design  are  responsible  for  these 
higher  standards  of  performance. . . 

Efficient  Power  Generation 

Heart  of  the  AIRTRONICS  Prehcatcr  is 
the  Electronic  Oscillator,  which  generates 
the  high -frequency  power.  Electrical  and 
mechanical  symmetry  and  simplicity,  high 
efficiency  and  extraordinary  stability 
characterize  the  AIRTRONICS  design 

Low-Loss  Power  Transmission 

Unique  AIRTRONICS  transformer,  trans- 
mission and  coupling  elements  transmit 
high-frequency  energy  from  oscillator  to 
load  with  minimum  power  loss. 


The  symmetry,  simplicity  and  rugged  construction  of  the 
AIRTRONICS  Model  CB  Oscillator  and  power  transmission 
elements  are  shown  above. 


AIRTRONICS   Model   CB    Self -Aligning   output    electrodes     Solely 
twitch  turns  off  power  when  hood  it  roiled 

Quick,  Easy  Adjustment 

Two  simple  controls  regulate  the  output 
for  each  type  and  arrangement  of  pre- 
forms. Optimum  adjustment  requires  only 
SECONDS  to  make. 

Wide  Range  of  Application 

Exclusive  AIRTRONICS  self-aligning  elec- 
trodes instantly  accomodate  preforms  up 
to  3*  in  thickness.  Convenient  adjustments 
regulate  air  gap  between  preforms  and 
upper  electrode.  Special  electrodes  avail- 
able for  uniform  preheating  of  unusually 
shaped  preforms. 

Write  for  Complete  Details 

Send  tor  illustrated  literature  on  AIR- 
TRONICS Preheaters.  Models  available 
with  average  charge  capacities  of  1  Ib.  per 
minute,  5  Ib.  per  minute,  10  Ib.  per  minute. 


Address  inquiries  to  Dcpt.  P. 


CHICAGO 

121  W.  Wacker  Drive 
Zone  1 


NEW  YORK 

31 -28  Queens  Blvd. 

Long  Island  City,  Zone  1 


LOS  ANGELES 

5245  W.  San  Fernando  Rd. 

Zone  26 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


89 


association 


activ 


ti 


es 


SPE  National  Elections 

The  national  directors  of  the  SPE  met  on  December  5  at 
the  Horace  H.  Rackham  Educational  Memorial  in  Detroit,  and 
elected  the  following  officers  and  directors :  Wm.  B.  Hoey, 
Plastics  Processes,  president;  G.  W.  Clark,  Owens-Illinois 
Glass  Co.,  vice  president;  L.  S.  Shaw,  Plastics  Industries, 
secretary-treasurer.  New  directors  are:  Frank  J.  Ackerman, 
Ackerman  Molded  Products  Co. ;  E.  S.  Rinehart,  Spaulding 
Fibre  Co.;  and  J.  O.  Reinecke,  Barnes  &  Reinecke. 


Plastics  Club  Elects  Officers 

The  Plastics  Club  of  the  United  States  announces  election 
of  the  following  officers  for  the  year  1945:  John  Owen,  Sorg 
Paper  Co.,  president;  with  Charles  Gates,  B.  Altman  &  Co., 
and  J.  Murray  Beveridge,  Mavco  Sales,  as  vice-presidents. 
Ephraim  Freedman,  R.  H.  Macy  &  Co.,  has  been  elected  to 
the  Board  of  Advisors. 

It  is  announced  that  programs  for  early  1945  will  include 
merchandising  demonstrations  and  talks  by  representatives  of 
K.  I.  du  Pont  Co.;  Plaskon  Division,  Libbey-Owens-Ford 
Glass  Co.;  and  Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 


PMMA  Holds  Annual  Meeting 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Plastics  Materials  Manufac- 
turers' Association  held  recently  in  New  York  City,  the  fol- 
lowing were  elected  to  office:  W.  Stuart  Landes,  president; 
J.  R.  Hoover,  vice  president. 

Mr.  Landes,  who  had  previously 
served  as  vice  president  of  the  associa- 
tion, is  vice  president  of  the  Celanese 
Corporation  of  America,  in  charge  of 
the  Plastics  Division.  Mr.  Hoover  is 
general  sales  manager,  plastics  mate- 
rials, Chemical  Division  of  The  B.  F. 
Goodrich  Co. 

As    president    of    the    PMMA,    Mr. 
Landes    succeeds    James    L.    Rodgers, 
Jr.,    of    the    Plaskon    Division,    Libbey- 
Owens-Ford   Glass   Co,   who  will   con- 
tinue as  a  director.    Other  directors  remaining  in  office  arc 
A.  E.  Pitcher,  of  E.   I.  du   Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  and 
C.  J.  Romieux,  of  the  American  Cyanamid  Co.     Dr.  D.  S. 
Frederick,    of   the    Rohm    &    Haas    Co.,   was    named   as    a 
new  director. 

The  Resin  Adhesives  Division,  in  an  afternoon  meeting, 
elected  R.  E.  Dodd,  of  the  Durez  Plastics  and  Chemicals  Co., 
as  chairman  for  1945. 


SPE  National  Committees  Named 

At  a  meeting  of  the  national  directors  of  the  SPE,  held  at 
the  Commodore  Perry  Hotel  in  Toledo  on  December  15,  the 
following  committees  were  named  for  1945 :  Membership 
Committee,  L.  S.  Shaw,  general  chairman ;  Eastern  Section, 
J.  Harry  DuBois,  Shaw  Insulator  Co.;  Central  Section,  A. 
Ren  Morse,  Reed- Prentice  Corp. ;  Western  Section,  C.  C. 
Henry ;  Credentials  Committee,  J.  O.  Reinecke ;  Election  Inspec- 
tors Committee,  S.  J.  Hiltebrandt,  Jr. ;  Lloyd  H.  Williams, 
Ohio  Rubber  Co.;  E.  J.  Sullivan,  Owens-Illinois  Glass  Co.; 
Publications  Committee,  Warren  V.  Prince,  chairman;  H.  J. 
McGowan;  W.  B.  Hoey;  G.  W.  Clark;  Phil  C.  Robb;  John 
Deer;  and  John  Mickey;  Finance  Committee,  H.  J.  Mc- 
Gowan, chairman;  W.  G.  Skutch;  and  L.  T.  Friedman;  Aud- 
iting Committee,  F.  De  Han,  chairman;  Phil  S.  Britton;  and 


Dale  Amos;  Meeting  Committee,  Thomas  E.  Orr;  George 
Graves ;  A.  C.  Wall ;  T.  E.  Richards ;  and  P.  F.  Corbin ;  Pub- 
licity Committee,  Carl  F.  Linn,  of  the  Watertown  Mfg.  Com- 
pany. 

Frank  J.  Ackerman  resigned  as  a  director,  because  of  ill 
health,  and  Thomas  E.  Orr  was  appointed  a  director  to  take 
Mr.  Ackerman's  place.  

Detroit  Rubber  and  Plastics  Group 

More  than  200  persons  attended  the  annual  Christmas  party 
of  the  Detroit  Rubber  and  Plastics  Group  held  recently  in  the 
Detroit  Leland  Hotel. 

Present  Chairman  Fred  Wehmer  announced  the  election  of 
J.  C.  Dudley,  of  Chrysler  Corp.,  to  serve  as  chairman  of  the 
group  for  1945,  with  R.  Shroyer  as  vice-chairman ;  E.  Kvet 
continues  as  secretary  of  the  group. 


SPf  Cancels  Meetings 

In  compliance  with  the  request  of  War  Mobilization  Di- 
rector Byrnes  for  the  cancellation  of  scheduled  conven- 
tions, conferences,  trade  shows  or  group  meetings  attended 
by  more  than  50  persons,  to  be  held  after  February  1,  the 
SPI  has  made  the  following  announcement  of  cancellations: 

The  California  conference  planned  for  Los  Angeles, 
March  6,  was  cancelled  by  the  officers  of  the  SPI  Pacific 
Coast  Section  at  a  meeting  on  January  9. 

The  annual  meeting,  although  not  yet  announced,  would 
have  been  held  in  May,  and  was  tentatively  scheduled  for 
Chicago.  Unless  some  unexpected  development  or  change 
occurs,  this  meeting  will  not  be  held. 


St.   Louis  SPE  January  Conference 

The  January  meeting  of  the  St.  Louis  SPE  section  took 
the  form  of  an  annual  joint  meeting  held  with  the  Engineers' 
Club  of  St.  Louis. 

D.  F.  Siddall  and  R.  W.  Grace,  of  the  United  States  Stone- 
ware Co.,  directors  of  research  and  development  of  products, 
and  of  field  tests  and  recommendations,  respectively,  delivered 
a  talk  on  the  subject  of  "Synthetics  and  Engineered  Corrosion 

Control,"  illustrated  with  motion  pictures. 



Cleveland  SPE  Meeting 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Cleveland 
section  of  the  SPE,  held  at  the  Cleveland  Club  on  January 
5,  the  following  committees  for  1945  were  appointed  by 
President  Lloyd  H.  Williams:  Membership  Committee, 
Elno  H.  Trump,  chairman;  Fred  C.  Ziesenheim,  vice  chair- 
man; O.  C.  Wilson;  W.  J.  Johnson;  and  R.  J.  Southwell. 

House  and  Meeting  Committee:  A.  Belshaw,  chairman; 
G.  C.  Langermeier ;  Dewey  Kilgore. 

W.  C.  Nicol  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  Technical 
Committee,  with  power  to  add  to  this  committee  if  other 
assistance  is  required.  C.  F.  Linn,  who  was  appointed 
chairman  of  the  Publicity  Committee,  may  appoint  two 
assistants.  The  Program  Committee  consists  of  Dr.  F.  M. 
Whitacre,  chairman;  W.  C.  Nicol  an-d  P.  S.  Britton. 

The  following  have  been  added  to  the  Cleveland  mem- 
bership: Henry  M.  Wilson,  James  H.  Herron  Co.;  J.  Morris 
Price,  The  Synthane  Corp.;  C.  C.  Gildersleeve,  Precision 
Molded  Plastics,  Inc.;  Clarence  L.  Dorn,  International 
Molded  Plastics  Co.;  and  Clarence  B.  Webb,  Auburn 
Button  Co.  

Detroit  SPE  Elections 

At  the  December  meeting  of  the  Detroit  section  of  the  SPE, 
the  following  officers  and  directors  were  elected:  S.  T.  Hilde- 
brant,  Jr.,  Bakelite  Corp.,  president  and  director;  John 
Dietrich,  Square  D  Co.,  vice  president  and  director;  John  G. 
Slater,  Tennessee- Eastman  Corp.,  treasurer  and  director; 
T.  Walter  Noble,  Detroit  Wax  Paper  Co.,  secretary  and 
director. 

Other  directors  elected  were  Phil  R.  Roff,  branch  manager, 
Hercules  Powder  Co.,  Detroit;  Fred  Conley,  Fred  Conley  Co.; 
William  B.  Hoey,  Plastic  Research  Corp.;  Barton  L.  Batty, 
Plastics  Formulating  Council;  Charles  F.  Hamilton,  Kurz- 
Kasch  Co. 


p  i.  A  «  T  i  r. 


FEBRUARY   1945 


TUNED  TO  TODAY'S  PRODUCTION  NEEDS 


I 


•  RESINS  ...  Phenol-Furfural    and    Phenol  -Formaldehyde 
Resins.  Other  synthetic   resins  of  many  types  for  all   purposes, 
including  low  pressure  molding. 

•  MOLDING    COMPOUNDS...  Complete  line  of 

Phenol-Furfural    and    Phenol-Formaldehyde    molding    powders. 

•  CEMENTS  •  •  •  Bonds  of  remarkable  strength   for  metal, 
wood    and   thermoset  plastics.  Cold-setting    boil-proof    plywood 
and  wood  bonds. 

•  ADHESIVES  .  .  .  Hot    and    cold-setting,    for    plywood, 
paper,  glass,  cloth  and  fibre;  textile  sizing  and  proofing;  paper 
manufacturing,  also,  for  wet  strength   and    proofing    purposes. 

•  OIL    SOLUBLE    RESINS  ...  For  production  of  air- 
drying    or    baking  varnishes,  protective  coatings,    and    finishes. 


•  WATER  SOLUBLE  RESINS  ...  For  hot  and 

moldingjhigh  and  low  pressure  molding,  and  wet  web  impregnation. 

•  NEW    PROCESSES  ...  Dry  impregnation,  nozzleless 

injection    molding,    continuous    thermosetting    injection    molding. 

OUR    EXPERIENCE   IS   AVAILABLE   TO    YOU 


RITE  PLASTICS 

INCORPORATED 
FRANKFORD    STATION    P.    O.        PHILADELPHIA    24,    PA. 


REPRESENTATIVES     LOCATED     AT: 


1274  Folsam  St., 
San  Francisco  3,  Cat. 


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Buffalo  9,  N.  Y. 


3838  Santa  Fe  Ave., 
Lot  Angeles  11,  Col. 

352  Plymouth  Road,     245  W.  Franklin  St.,     2711  Olive  St,      4851  S.  St.  Louis  Ave., 
Union,  New  Jersey          Morrisville,  Pa.          St.  Louis  3,Mo.  Chicago  32,  III. 


KKKIUIARY    I'M.', 


PLASTICS 


E.  F.  Lougee,  one  of  the  foremost 
leaders  in  the  plastics  industry,  and 
author  of  numerous  books  and  articles 
in  the  field,  died  suddenly  in  a  Los  An- 
geles hospital,  January  14,  at  the  age  of 
57,  as  a  result  of  complications  fol- 
lowing an  attack  of  influenza. 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  Mr.  Lougee 
was  chairman  of  the  Advisory  Board 
of  the  Plastics  Industries  Technical 
Institute.  He  was  responsible  for 
organizing  the  board,  consisting  of  lead- 
ing executives  of  plastics  manufac- 
turing and  research  organizations.  Widely  respected  through- 
out the  field  for  his  knowledge  of  plastics  and  his  ability  to 
define  technical  data  into  clear  reports  for  the  layman  and 
technician  alike,  he  wrote  and  published  scores  of  articles  for 
national  and  foreign  magazines  and  newspapers.  His  best- 
known  book  is  "Plastics  from  Farm  and  Forest." 

Mr.  Lougee  was  a  regular  contributor  to  PLASTICS,  and  just 
prior  to  his  death  had  agreed  to  serve  in  an  advisory  capacity 
for  this  publication.  A  native  of  Tilton,  N.  H.,  he  is  survived 
by  his  widow,  Eva;  son,  Richard,  in  the  U.  S.  Navy;  and 
grandson,  Richard,  Jr.  His  home  was  at  2007  Orchard  Lane, 
La  Canada,  Calif. 

Funeral  services,  conducted  on  January  17  at  Forest  Lawn 
Memorial  Park,  Glendale,  Calif.,  were  attended  by  the  fore- 
most leaders  in  every  phase  of  the  plastics  field. 

• 

Hercules  Powder  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  has  announced 
the  creation  of  a  subsidiary,  Hercules  Powder  Co.,  Ltd., 
for  the  distribution  of  technical  information  on  the  com- 
pany's chemical  products  in  Great  Britain  and  Eire. 

The  subsidiary  will  have  offices  at  140  Park  Lane,  London, 
and  will  be  under  the  direction  of  Cornelius  H.  B.  Rutteman, 
managing  director. 

• 

An  improved  method  for  washing  the  plastic  insulating 
parts  it  produces  for  radio  equipment  has  been  developed 
by  Printloid,  Inc.,  New  York.  This  involves  successive 
baths  in  a  special  degreasing  solution,  after  which  the  parts 
are  washed  in  water,  dried  and  packed  with  gloved  hands. 
The  development  of  the  method  followed  the  discovery 
through  laboratory  tests  that  certain  insulators  did  not 
have  the  qualities  of  electrical  resistance  they  should  have. 
This  was  traced  to  surface  contamination  caused  by  han- 
dling and  coolants.  Ordinary  washing  methods  proved 
futile  and  solvents  affected  the  plastics. 

• 

Among  the  40  youthful  scientists  competing  for  the  West- 
inghouse  Science  Scholarships  in  1944  —  they  range  from 
14  to  18  years  of  age — one  has  found  his  inspiration  in  plas- 
tics. His  project  is  a  synthetic  resin-bonded  plywood 
pleasure  boat  with  Nylon  sails,  a  description  of  which  will 
be  included  in  the  Westinghouse  volume  "Scientists  of 
Tomorrow,"  composed  of  the  40  essays  chosen  from  15,000 
sent  in  to  the  competition  by  high  school  seniors. 

• 

The  Plastics  Division  of  the  American  Cyanamid  Co.  has 
announced  that  A.  T.  Steele,  who  has  been  representing  the 
company  in  the  Chicago  area  for  the  past  few  months,  is 
now  permanently  located  at  3270  Lake  Shore  Drive,  Chicago. 

• 

Reported  to  be  the  longest  molded  plastics  product  ever 
manufactured  is  a  17  ft.  radar  housing,  manufactured  by  the 
General  Electric  Co.,  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  for  Douglas  Air- 
craft Co. 

The  housing,  low-pressure  molded,  consists  of  a  glass- 
fabric  filler. 


Plans  for  manufacturing  operations  to  be  started  by  the 
United  States  Rubber  Co.  in  Burlington,  N.  C.,  about  March 
1,  have  been  announced  by  E.  G.  Brown,  general  manager 
of  the  company's  Lastex  yarn  and  rubber  thread  division. 

Yarns  for  surgical  stockings  for  the  armed  forces  will  be 
scheduled  first  for  production.  On  completion  of  all  neces- 
sary war  work,  a  long  range  program  is  planned,  to  supply 
Lastex  for  the  hosiery  trade. 

• 

Employees  of  G.  Felsenthal  &  Sons,  Chicago,  have  an- 
nounced that  they  recently  received  the  Army-Navy  "E" 
Production  Award  for  excellence  in  War  production. 

• 

Operations  of  the  Duramold  Division  of  Fairchild  Engine 
and  Airplane  Corp.  are  being  moved  from  New  York  City  to 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  to  occupy  the  plant  formerly  used  by 
American  Aviation  Corp.,  according  to  announcement  by 
J.  Carlton  Ward.,  Jr.,  president  of  Fairchild.  Vice  President 
Alvin  P.  Adams  of  Fairchild  is  in  charge  of  the  Duramold 
Division. 

• 

The  removal  of  its  New  York  City  office  to  new  and 
larger  quarters  at  11  W.  42  St.  has  been  announced  by 
Rohm  &  Haas  Co.  of  Philadelphia.  The  sale  of  Plexiglas 
sheets  and  molding  powders  will  be  handled  by  D.  S.  Plume 
and  H.  L.  Stauffer,  who  will  headquarter  in  the  new  office. 
William  Torres,  Woodbury,  Conn.,  and  Harry  E.  Holmes 
will  handle  sales  of  those  products  in  the  New  England 
territory. 

• 

Announcement  from  the  Metaplast  Co.  advises  that  the 
company  has  recently  been  awarded  the  White  Star  to  be 
added  to  its  Army-Navy  "E'/  flag,  due  to  its  increased 
production  in  keeping  pace  with  the  expanded  Signal-  Corps 
program. 

• 

Rigid  precautions  to  be  taken  when  cleaning  or  repairing 
tanks  in  which  organic  solvents  are  used  have  been  out- 
lined by  Safety  Research  Institute,  New  York. 

If  a  tank  has  contained  a  flammable  solvent,  the  safest 
method  for  removing  the  vapors,  preparatory  to  cleaning 
or  repair,  it  is  pointed  out,  is  by  thorough  flushing  with 
steam,  followed  by  mechanical  ventilation  of  a  type  ap- 
proved for  flammable  vapors.  Steam  jets  to  loosen  sludge 
have  been  successful,  the  tank  then  being  washed,  drained 
and  dried  out  with  warm  air.  If  the  use  of  steam  is  im- 
practical, the  sludge  may  be  washed  out  with  high-pressure 
hose  but  care  must  be  exercised  to  avoid  building  up  static 
electricity.  Steam  also  has  some  disadvantages,  such  as 
the  building  up  of  combustible  mixtures  at  the  vents.  Non- 
sparking  shoes  and  tools,  vapor-proof  lamps  and  protective 
clothing  should  be  utilized,  and  the  Code  for  Flammable 
Liquids  and  Gases  of  the  National  Fire  Protection  Asso- 
ciation should  be  observed. 

Cleaning  any  tank  that  has  contained  an  organic  solvent 
should  be  done  from  outside  the  tank,  if  possible.  In  de- 
greasing  processes  utilizing  non-flammable  solvents,  where 
the  process  is  wholly  or  substantially  enclosed,  metal  chips, 
mud,  and  other  solid  residues  are  usually  removed  by  scrap- 
ing, and  a  clean-out  door  is  generally  provided  through 
whicli  the  sludge  may  be  removed  by  a  long-handled  scraper. 
The  liquid  residue  and  sludge  are  immediately  confined,  to 
lessen  volatilization  of  the  solvent  in  the  atmosphere.  An 
approved  canister  type  gas  mask  is  advisable. 

If  cleaning  from  the  outside  is  not  possible,  before  entry 
into  the  tank,  an  air  test  by  a  competent  chemist  is  advis- 
able. Workmen  who  must  enter  should  be  further  protected, 
preferably  by  air-line  respirators  approved  by  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Mines  for  the  purpose,  though,  in  some  cases, 
canister  type  gas  masks  approved  for  organic  vapors  may 
be  used.  Protective  clothing  should  be  afforded  and  there 


92 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


ihould   be   stationed   outside   the   tank  a  watcher   holding 
.  rope  or  harness  attached  to  the  person  inside,  in  order 
O  haul  him  out  at  the  first  sign  of  trouble. 
All  organic  vapors  are  heavier  than  air  and  tend  to  settle 
low  places,  so  that  the  atmosphere  may  be  practically 
ree  of  vapors  at  breathing  level  and  yet  contain  a  mixture 
bat  is  explosive   or  hazardous   to  health  at  or  near  the 
loor  or  in  a  nearby  pit. 

• 

The  National  Security  Award  was  presented  recently  to 
Taylor  Fibre  Co.,  Norristown,  Pa.,  makers  of  laminated 
ilastics,  by  the  National  Council  of  Defense  for  an  out- 
itanding  record  in  plant  and  facilities  protection  and  safety 
luring  the  war  period.  Of  some  17,000  manufacturers  in 
Pennsylvania,  only  46  have  received  the  award. 

• 

Metaltex,     Inc.,    new    company    producing    Lucite    and 

leriglas  toiletware  and  gift  articles,  has  moved  from  34  VV. 

12nd  St.,  New  York  City,  to  98-100  Nassau  St.,  Brooklyn. 

• 

Scrap  Plexiglas  is  shipped  by  Consolidated  Vultee  Aircraft 
Corp.  to  convalescent  camps  of  the  Army  Air  Force  to  aid 
n  occupational  therapy. 

Hundreds  of  pounds  of  the  material  are  shipped  monthly 
from  the  firm's  salvage  department  at  Fort  Worth.  The 
recuperating  patients  produce  knife  handles,  lapel  pins, 
cigarette  cases,  desk  signs,  picture  frames,  key  holders  and 
many  other  objects. 

• 

America's  $750,000,000  synthetic  rubber  plant  would  pay 
[or  itself  within  4  years  after  the  Far  Eastern  rubber  planta- 
tions resume  normal  operations  is  predicted  by  James  J. 
Newman,  vice-president,  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.  This 
would  be.  accomplished,  he  pointed  out,  through  consistently 
lower  prices  for  both  synthetic  and  natural  rubber,  resulting 
from  the  influence  of  synthetic  on  prices  for  raw  material. 
This  would  mean  a  raw  material  cost  of  lOc  a  Ib  lower  than 
it  would  be  without  the  influence  of  synthetic,  based  on  an 
average  annual  consumption  of  850,000  tons. 

• 

Rothco  Products  Co.  has  moved  to  larger  quarters  at  145 
N.  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia  6. 

• 

Department  of  Labor  Studies 
Chicago  Area  Molders'  Wage  Rates 

As  the  result  of  a  recent  study  conducted  by  the  Chicago 
Regional  Office  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Labor  has  made  available  data  on  wage  rates 
prevailing  in  the  Chicago  area  molding  industry. 

The  20  establishments  studied,  which  included  virtually  all 
of  the  Chicago  firms  in  this  industry  with  9  or  more  wage 
earners,  employed  2663  workers  at  the  time  of  the  survey. 
Detailed  wage  information  was  obtained  for  25  male  and  4 
female  occupational  classifications  covering  1923  workers,  or 
nearly  three-quarters  of  the  total  plant  employment.  Women 
workers,  employed  principally  as  finishers,  constituted  one- 
half  of  the  plant  labor  force. 

Only  the  molding  of  plastics  powders  by  compression  or 
injection  methods  and  the  finishing  of  such  products  are  dealt 
with  in  the  report.  Although  most  of  the  important  manu- 
facturers of  plastic  materials  are  located  in  the  east,  a  major 
pro[K>rtion  of  molders  are  in  the  Chicago  area.  These  es- 
tal>li>hments,  however,  are  typically  small;  at  the  time  of 
the  study  only  7  employed  more  than  100  workers  each,  and 
none  employed  as  many  as  1000  wage  earners.  All  of  the 
plants  reported  the  payment  of  overtime  rates  of  time  and 
one-half  for  all  hours  worked  over  40  per  week.  Five  firms 
paid  such  premium  rates  after  8  hours  worked  in  1  day.  All 
of  the  firms  were  operating  on  a  2  or  3-shift  basis.  Payment 
of  additional  compensation  to  employees  on  late  shifts  was 
typical,  only  3  plants  reporting  no  shift  differentials. 
Occupational  earnings  of  male  workers  varied  from  65c  an 
for  hand  truckers  to  $1.51  for  class  A  tool  and  die 
makers.  Over  one-half  of  the  men  studied  were  classified 
in  ';  occupational  groups  with  averages  of  $1.  or  more  an 
hour.  Earnings  of  women  ranged  from  65c  an  hour  for 
finishers  to  91c  for  semi-automatic  compression  molders. 


Average   Hourly  Earnings,1"   Selected  Occupations, 

Molded  Plastics  Products  Industry,  Chicago 

Wage  Area,  July.   1944 

Straight-Tim* 
Hourly  E«rningt 
Low«it  Highest 

Occupation,  Number  Estab-    Estab- 

CUll  and  Sei  of      Number  lish-       lish- 

Esteb-  of  General  m»nt  ment 
lish-  Word-  Aver-  Aver-  Aver- 
ment's ers  ege  ege  eg,* 


MALE 
MAINTENANCE 

Carpenters.    class    B  ------ 

Electricians,   class   A 

Maintenance  men.  class  ..  ......  _____ 

Maintenance  men.   class   B  4 

Tool  and  die  makers,  class  A  17 
Tool  and  die  makers,  class  ft  M 
Tool  room  mach.  oper..  class  A  7 
Tool  room  mach.  optr..  class  B  8 

SUPERVISORY 

Working     foremen,     compression 
molding  department  ...............  10  ____ 

Working  foremen,  injection  mold- 

ing department  .  8 

Working  foremen,  finish  dept.  8 
Working  foremen,  inspect'n  dept.  A. 

PROCESSING 

Set-up  men,  compression  and  in 
lection  molding  equipment  (die 
setters)    ---------  _». 

Compression   molders,   semi-auto- 
matic   ...........      .....  9 

Compression   molders,    hand  4 

Injection  molders   .  ' 

Operators,     preform     press     (pill 
press)   ______———  -  3 

Powder  boys  -------      2 

Finishers    .............  ______  .....  10 

INSPECTION 
I  nspectors  __________________ 

RECORDING  AND  CONTROL 
Stock  clerks  ......... 

MATERIAL  MOVEMENT 
Truck    driver*   „ 
Truckers,     hand 

CUSTODIAL 
Guards 


7  0.77  0  43  .0.90 

117  LSI  I.JO  .          1.75 

49  1.17  1.13  _         I  J7 

12  I. II  \M I.M 

23  0.9»  0.§S    IJO 


..»„...        I. OS  OJS 


1.78 


22 

18 

II 


1.07  090  1.43 

0.77  0.78  1.  10 

0.81  0.41  1.12 


208 
84 


0.97  0.77 

1 .04  0.47 

109  1.00 


J.2S 

1.28 
1.17 


90  0.80 0.40  0.88 


110  0.75  0.50 

17  0.74  0.45 


0.93 


__ 
Janitors 
Watchmen 


13 0.49  0.42  OJO 


..0.47 
_.0.40. 


0.50 


1.01 
0.94 
0.82 


_0.57_ 


FEMALE 

PROCESSING 

Compression  molders,   semi-auto- 
matic       3  80 0.91. .._ 

Injection   molders  -10 

Finishers        -  *n  585  0.45 

INSPECTION 

Inspectors     ° — 

<i>  Exclusive  of  premium  payments  for  overtime  and  night-shift  work. 
<Z>  Insufficient    number    of    establishments    and/or    workers    to    warrant 
presentation  of  data. 


• 


50-75C 


7J--V 


us  AND  OVBI 


Distribution  of  workers'  hourly  earnings  in  the  molded 
plastics  Industry.  Chicago  wage  ana.  by  repreeent 
ative  occupation  average*,  and  by  sen.  July.  1944 


FKBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


93 


Plans  for  the  erection  of  a  modern  plant  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  for  the  manufacture  of  laminated  plastics  has  been 
announced  by  Taylor  Fibre  Co.,  Norristown,  Pa.  Sheets, 
rods,  tubes  and  various  coated  special  materials  are  to  be 
produced  at  the  projected  plant. 

The  announcement  adds  that  equipment  in  the  West  Coast 
plant  will  embody  new  and  novel  features  developed  by  the 
company  at  its  main  plant  in  Norristown. 

Equipment  for  the  new  plant  has  been  ordered,  but  tltc 
actual  location  has  not  yet  been  decided  upon. 

• 

A  waterproof  plastics  matchbox,  developed  for  use  of  our 
armed  forces,  has  recently  been  made  available  for  civilian  use. 

Cylindrical  in  shape  and  weighing  less  than  1  oz,  the  box  is 
2J4"  high,  with  diameter  of  1",  fluted  to  prevent  slipping 
from  the  hand,  and  has  a  flint  metal  strip  molded  into  the  box 
bottom  to  provide  positive  scratching  surface  and  means  of 
producing  live  sparks  if  match  supply  is  exhausted. 

This  item  is  manufactured  by  F.  J.  Kirk  Molding  Co., 
Clinton,  Mass. 

The  first  public  announcement  of  its  new  technical  writ- 
ing service  for  the  plastics  industry  has  been  made  by  the 
Pilgrim  Institute,  Allston,  Mass.  This  service  has  been  in- 
augurated for  the  benefit  of  those  whose  establishments  do 
not  include  such  a  department,  or  to  those  desiring  a  gen- 
eral interest  slant  from  the  outside,  and  covers  such  spe- 
cialized services  as  periodic  bulletins,  informative  letters, 
magazine  and  newspaper  articles,  scripts,  booklets,  and 
so  on. 

A  new,  brightly  colored  plastics  dustpan,  called  Durabritc 
Dustpan,  has  recently  been  introduced  by  Plastic  Molded 
Products,  Inc.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Made  of  cellulose  acetate,  this  new  item  is  light  in  weight 
and  has  a  pliable  dust  rim  which  is  extremely  advantageous 
on  irregular  floor  surfaces  or  contours. 

• 

Identification  of  wires  and  tubes  used  in  the  modern 
warplane  has  been  greatly  simplified  by  employes  of  the 
Army  division  electrical  and  tubing  departments,  The 
Glenn  L.  Martin  Co.,  Baltimore,  through  a  new  machine 
for  making  cellulose  numeral  tape. 

With  the  new  machine  it  is  possible  for  the  employes 
to  print  up  the  tape  as  needed,  thus  removing  the  necessity 
for  stocking  large  quantities  of  tape  and  relieving  the 
tape  manufacturers  of  one  of  their  greatest  wartime  head- 
aches. Much  paper  work  is  eliminated,  and  the  necessity 
for  tracing  wires  and  marking  them  after  the  airplane  is 
assembled  has  been  completely  done  away  with. 

• 

According  to  a  recent  news  dispatch  from  London,  Prime 
Minister  Winston  Churchill  is  reported  as  having  estimated 
that  800,000  British  homes  had  been  damaged  by  flying 
bombs,  up  to  the  beginning  of  last  August. 

To  replace  the  shattered  windows  in  bomb-damaged 
homes,  the  people  of  Great  Britain  are  using  wire  reinforced 
plastics  glazing  material,  such  as  Viinlite,  which  are  shatter- 
proof, while  protecting  against  cold  and  rain  and  admitting 
daylight.  Vimlite,  which  is  wire  that  has  been  dipped  in 
Lumarith,  is  described  as  being  durable  and  easy  to  install, 
in  addition  to  its  other  qualities.  Both  yimlite  and  Lumarith 
are  products  of  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.,  a  division  of  Cela- 
ITCSC  Corp.  of  America. 

The  Plastics  Division  of  American  Cyanamid  Co.,  New 
York  City,  has  announced  that  the  sale  of  its  resin  adhesive 
products  and  other  resins  for  use  in  the  woodworking  in- 
dustry in  Canada  will  be  handled  by  the  company's  Canadian 
affiliate,  North  American  Cyanamid  Ltd.,  Toronto  and 
Niagara  Falls,  Ontario. 

H.  K.  Porter  Co.,  Inc.,  Pittsburgh,  and  subsidiaries  have 
opened  offices  at  849  Petroleum  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles  IS,  Cal. 
Plans  are  also  under  way  for  the  opening  of  San  Francisco 
offices.  Porter  products  include  process  equipment  and 
pumps  for  chemical  and  other  industries. 


Announcement  has  been  made  by  Charles  E.  Wilson, 
president  of  General  Electric  Co.,  Schenectady,  of  the  crea- 
tion of  a  new  Chemical  Department,  with  Dr.  Zay  Jeffries, 
technical  director  of  the  company's  Lamp  Department,  a  vice 
president  in  charge.  E.  L.  Feininger,  of  Schenectady,  and 
William  H.  Milton,  Jr.,  of  Pittsfield,  have  been  named  as- 
sistant general  managers  of  the  Chemical  Department.  Don 
S.  McKenzie,  of  Pittsfield,  has  been  named  general  sales 
manager;  Robert  L.  Gibson,  of  Schenectady,  has  been  ap- 
pointed advertising  and  sales  promotion  manager,  and 
Harold  P.  Smith,  Schenectady,  has  been  named  auditor. 

Hercules  Powder  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  announces  that 
Robert  L.  Skov,  who  is  in  charge  of  the  sale  of  industrial 
chemicals  for  the  company,  is  making  a  6  months'  trip  to 
distributors  of  Hercules'  products  in  13  countries.  New 
product  developments  in  the  fields  of  textiles,  plastics,  paint, 
varnish,  lacquer  and  insecticides  will  be  discussed  by  Mr. 
Skov,  whose  trip  is  scheduled  to  take  him  to  Mexico,  Cuba, 
Central  America,  Puerto  Rico  and  South  America. 


Dr.  Zoy  Jeffries 


Clinton  Rector 


lack  Weiss 


The  Catalin  Corp.,  New  York  City,  manufacturers  of  cast  < 
resins,  liquid  resins,  polystyrene  and  lignin  molding  com- 
pounds, has  announced  the  appointment  of  Clinton  Rector 
as  general  sales  manager.  Since  January,  1944,  Mr.  Rector 
had  served  as  chief  of  the  Plastics  Branch  of  the  Chemical 
Bureau,  War  Production  Board.  Announcement  has  also 
been  made  by  Catalin  of  the  appointment  of  Jack  Weiss  to 
the  post  of  sales  manager  of  the  organization's  Specialties 
Division.  9 

New  appointments  and  advancements  in  the  Plaskon  Sales 
Department  have  been  announced  by  Horton  Spitzer, 
general  sales  manager  of  the  Plaskon  Division,  Libbey- 
Owens-Ford  Glass  Co.,  Toledo. 

W.  N.  Shepard  has  been  advanced  to  the  position  of  sales 
manager  of  glues  and  industrial  resins;  R.  B.  Harrison  has 
become  sales  manager  of  molding  compounds.  The  follow- 
ing new  territorial  assignments  have  been  made:  For 
Plaskon  molding  compound  sales — H.  W.  DeVore,  Central; 
D.  H.  Howland,  H.  S.  Vandersal  and  Prescott  Huidekoper, 
Middle  West;  R.  F.  Mackessy,  Middle  Atlantic;  W.  M. 
Bunting,  New  England.  For  glue  and  laminating  resin 
sales— C.  L.  Neely,  Central;  H.  T.  Yaryan,  Middle  West; 
W.  C.  Slicer,  Middle  Atlantic  and  New  England;  J.  C. 
Fauth,  Jr.,  South  Central;  and  R.  W.  Burdeshaw,  South 
Atlantic.  E.  Bowman  Stratton  will  continue  to  serve 
Plaskon  interests  in  Washington;  C.  B.  Wing  will  represent 
both  Plaskon  molding  compounds  and  glues  in  upper  N.  Y. 
state;  and  H.  E.  Murray  and  R.  M.  McGee  will  handle  re- 
quirements for  industrial  resins  in  the  U.  S.  and  Canada. 

Announcement  has  been  made  by  United  States  Plywood 
Corp.  of  the  addition  to  its  staff  of  James  M.  Heilman  as  the 
corporation's  patent  counsel.  A  Major  in  the  United  States 
Army,  Mr.  Heilman  has  recently  returned  to  civilian  life 
after  46  months'  service. 


94 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


TODAY'S  GUIDE  TO  TOMORROW'S    MANUFACTURING 


ANNOUNCING    plastics'    ANNUAL    DIRECTORY  (THE  NEXT  ISSUE-MARCH  1945) 
GUARANTEED   ONLY  TO   plastics'   SUBSCRIBERS-*!  NO   EXTRA   COST 

OF  PERMANENT  VALUE  to  •  MANUFACTURERS  •  ENGINEERS  •  BUILDERS  AND 
ARCHITECTS  •  DESIGNERS  AND  RESEARCHERS  •  THE  PLASTICS  INDUSTRY 

FEATURING  •  A  THREE-PART  DIRECTORY  OF  THE  INDUSTRY  •  A  VALUABLE  COMPONENT- 
PARTS  LISTING  •  A  SYMPOSIUM  ON  MANUFACTURING  PROBLEMS  •  A  SURVEY  OF 
POTENTIAL  EXPORT  MARKETS  •  ARTICLES  OF  SIGNIFICANT  AUTHORITY 

PLASTICS  MATERIALS  WILL  BE  A  PART  OF,  OR  HAVE  AN  EFFECT  ON,  ALL  MANUFACTURING  AND 
BUILDING.  It  Is  obviously  to  the  advantage  of  any  executive,  engineer,  purchasing  agent,  designer, 
etc.,  in  manufacturing,  transportation  and  building  to  be  authoritatively  and  promptly  advised  on 
plastics  production  and  progress. 

BE  WELL  INFORMED— READ  EVERY  ISSUE  OF  plastics 

SPECIAL  DIRECTORY-COMBINATION  OFFER.  2  years  (24  issues)  of  plastics— including  the  ANNUAL 
DIRECTORY  ISSUE  AT  NO  EXTRA  COST.  The  regular  rate  for  plastics  alone  is  $5.00  a  year.  Make 
certain  there  is  an  ANNUAL  DIRECTORY  for  you. 

plastics:  540  North  Michigan  Avenue 

Chicago    I  I ,   Illinois 


MAIL  YOUR 
ORDER  TODAY 


4 


FKBRl  ARY    1945 


•  540   N.   MICHIGAN   AVE.  CHICAGO    11,   ILL. 

Enter   my   Subscription   to   PIASTICS 
at    the    Special    Directory-Combination    Rate 

2  YEARS     •     24  ISSUES  .  .  .  $6.00 

(Regular    Rate    $5.00   a    fear 
(TO    INCLUDE    THE    ANNUAL    DIRECTORY    AT    NO    EXTRA    COST) 

D  Remittance  Enclosed       D  Bill  Me  Later 


Name 
Addresi 


Pl.ai.  Indicate  II  above  It  D  Home  Addreu  D  Iwlneu  Addreu 
. Zone  No. —       — Stet« 


Company 

Product  Manufactured 
Title 


Canadian  Subicrlptlom  Me  per  yeer  eitre  MDI 


PLASTICS 


95 


Maybe  you  don't  need  any  help 

in  planning  your  molded  plastics  job! 


UREA 


TRANSFER? 


MAYBE  you're  one  of  the  few  who  employ  men 
with  years  of  experience  in  designing  for  molded 
plastics  .  .  .  men  who  know  molds  and  mold-making 
. . .  who  know  from  experience  not  only  the  character- 
istics of  the  various  molding  materials  but  how  they 
hehave  in  the  molding  process  .  .  .  who  understand 
the  different  molding  processes  and  the  advantages 
of  each.  If  you  are  one  of  these  few,  perhaps  you 
don't  need  any  help  from  your  custom  molder. 

But  .  .  .  such  a  situation  is  rare.  That's  why  we 
maintain  a  staff  of  engineers  whose  job  it  is  to  work 
with  CMPC  customers  and  prospective  customers. 
These  men  have  had  years  of  experience  in  all  phases 
of  plastics  molding.  They  can  tell  you  quickly  whether 
yours  is  a  practical  application  for  plastics.  They 
will  work  closely  with  you  in  matters  of  design  and 
selection  of  the  proper  molding  material.  They  can 
give  you  unbiased  advice  as  to  the  best  method 
of  molding  your  part  for  we  have  complete  facilities 


for  all  three  commercially  important  methods  .  .  . 
compression,  injection,  and  transfer  molding.  In 
other  words,  here  is  a  board  of  plastics  experts 
ready  to  serve  you. 

To  get  the  most  out  of  such  assistance,  ask  for 
the  services  of  a  CMPC  Development  Engineer 
during  the  early  stages  of  your  planning  .  .  .  even 
though  your  idea  may  be  only  a  rough  sketch  on  a 
scratch  pad.  And  . .  your  request  incurs  no  obligation. 

*       *       * 

Here  are  a  fetv  points  tvorth  remembering: 

*CMPC  operates  the  largest,  best  equipped  custom  molding 
plant  in  the  Middle  West  .  .  .  'Offers  a  complete  service — 
designing,  mold-making,  molding,  and  finishing — all  within 
its  own  organization  .  .  .  *Is  backed  by  more  than  a  quarter 
century  of  experience  in  plastics  .  .  .  *And  has  a  nation-wide 
reputation  for  quality — for  doing  even  the  toughest  jobs  well. 

CHICAGO 
MOLDED 

PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


1031  N.KolmarAve. 


Chicago  51,  Illinois 


COMPRESSION,       INJECTION,       AND       TRANSFER        MOLDING        OF        AIL        PLASTIC 


MATERIALS 


W  H  A  T'S 


PLASTICS 


New  Mold  Lubricant 

Protective  Coatings,   Inc. 
Detroit.  Mich. 

A  special  lubricant  which  assures  removal  of  plastics  ad- 
hering to  heated  mold  surfaces,  Micronoil  Moldese,  is  a  thin, 
whitish  rmulMon  which  is  applied  to  the  mold  prior  to  load- 
ing. It  is  appli- 
cable to  rubber 
as  well  as  to  all 
types  of  plastics. 

Convenient  to 
apply,  by  means 
of  cloth,  spray  or 
brush,  this  ma- 
terial, it  is  main- 
tained, possesses 
numerous  advan- 
tages such  as  pro- 
nu 'tinii  of  finer, 
glossier  finish  of 
the  part ;  elimina- 
tion of  the  "break- 
ing in"  of  molds; 
and  minimizing 
of  danger  of  dam- 
age to  a  mold, 
which  might  nor- 
mally result  from 
attempts  to  remove  a  "frozen"  part.  It  does  not  stain  light- 
colored  products,  as  illustrated  in  the  photo  above. 

Upon  contact  with  a  heated  metal  surface,  the  carrier  ele- 
ment of  Micronoil  Moldczc  evaporates,  leaving  the  active  in- 
gredients deposited  in  the  pores  of  the  metal.  These  deposits, 
after  several  treatments  of  the  mold,  provide  a  semi-perma- 
nent source  of  lubrication  for  future  operations (165) 


Alemite  "Versatal"  Material  Pump 

Stewart-Warner  Corp. 
Chicago,   111. 

Designed  to  dispense  and  apply  a  wide  variety  of  materials, 
including  plastics  and  other  paints,  lacquers,  mastics,  etc., 
these    air-operated,    high    pressure    pumps    are    described    as 
possessing  several  unusual   ad- 
vantages. 

The  accompanying  illustra- 
tion indicates  by  number  seven 
of  the  features  listed  for  this 
product  by  its  manufacturer : 
(1)  Air  regulator,  providing  a 
convenient  and  accurate  method 
of  controlling  air  pressures  in- 
troduced to  the  pump  mechan- 
ism ;  (2)  visible  air  pressure 
gauge;  (3)  air  motor  oiler, 
equipped  with  transparent  oil 
reservoir;  oil  is  automatically 
fed  through  air  line  to  air  mo- 
tor of  pump;  (4)  air  motor 
powered  pump,  equipped  with 
fully  enclosed  sealed  and  tam- 
per-proof air  motor  located 
above  level  of  material  being 
pumped.  Material  is  delivered 
from  the  pump  at  pressures  4J4 
to  5'/j  times  air  pressure  used; 
(5)  automatic  agitator,  which 
maintains  an  even  material  mix- 


ture without  the  aid  of  mechanical  devices;  (6)  dual  air  and 
material  line  outlets,  providing  for  the  attachment  of  hose 
or  pipe  lines;  (7)  simplified  "power"  factor  ia  provided  by 
operating  the  intake  pipe  in  a  "container"  of  solvent (166) 

New  Ultra-Violet  Absorbing  Plastics 

Polaroid  Corp. 
Cambridge.  MOM. 

A  synthetic  chemical  which  absorbs  more  than  99.9%  of  the 
ultra-violet  radiations  of  the  sun  and  can  be  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  plastics  goggle  lenses.  The  chemically-treated  plastics 
transmits  as  much  light  as  a  windowpanc,  yrt  blocks  all  harm- 
ful ultra-violet  rays.  Although  many  other  ultra-violet  ab- 
sorbing compounds  are  known,  the  plastics  is  described  as 
being  distinguished  by  the  combination  of  stability,  high  trans- 
mission to  visible  light,  high  ultra-violet  absorption  and  non- 
fluorescence  when  ultra-violet  light  strikes  it.  The  chemical  is 
classified  as  an  azine ( 167) 


Heat-Resistant  "Lucilc' 

E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

A  new  molding  compound  possessing  heat-resistance  30*  to 
40°  F  higher  than  general-purpose  powders,  and  other  desir- 
able properties  previously  unobtainable  in  a  single  formulation. 

Designated  as  HM-122,  the  new  formulation  is  described  as 
easy  and  economical  to  mold.  It  sets  very  rapidly  when  prop- 


erly heated  dies  are  used,  contributing  to  a  shorter  molding 
cycle,  and  has  added  resistance  to  breakdown  from  heat  at 
molding  temperatures,  producing  not  only  better  moldings  but 
improved  clarity. 

The  entire  output  of  formulation  HM-122  now  is  allocated 
to  essential  uses (168) 


Special  Tube-Roller  for  Bazookas 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A  special  type  of  tube-roller,  produced  by  the  Baldwin 
Locomotive  Works,  is  enabling  the  General  Electric  Co.  to 
shape,  from  plastics,  thousands  of  flying  bazooka  rocket  launch- 
ers which  are  being  used  on  Thunderbolt  and  other  fighter 
planes.  The  bazookas  arc  made  from  a  special  paper  plastics 
developed  by  General  Electric  Co.'s  plastics  division  at  Pitts- 
field,  Mass (169) 

Flexol  Plasticizer  4GO 

Carbide  and  Chemicals  Corp. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Announced  as  a  new  plasticizrr  now  in  commercial  produc- 
tion, this  product  is  described  as  possessing  extremely  low 
volatility,  imparting  superior  low-temperature  flexibility,  and 
being  highly  efficient. 

A  new  addition  to  the  corporation's  Flexol  I'lastiditr  line, 
it  is  said  to  be  compatible  with  vinyl  chloride.  nilrcirrlluloM. 
vinyl  acetate,  and  ethyl  cellulose  resins,  ami  is  particularly 
efficient  with  vinyl  chloride-acrtate  films (170) 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


97 


Assures  Check  on  Gravity  Oilers 

E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  6  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

An  oil  reservoir 
made  of  Lucitc  methyl 
methacrylate  resin, 
which  will  remain 
crystal-clear,  is  noted 
as  the  feature  of  an 
improved  type  of 
semi-automatic  oiler 
designed  for  eco- 
nomical lubrication  of 
machine  bearings. 

Lucitc,  is  resistant 
to  breakage,  and,  hav- 
ing the  additional  ad- 
vantage of  not  cloud- 
ing, offers  greater  visi- 
bility. The  new  reser- 
voirs are  described  as 
being  easier  to  clean 
and  refill,  lighter  in 
weight  than  other 

types,  and  resistant  to  damage  from  oil  and  moderate  heat. 
They  are  used  in  gravity  feed  oilers,  spindle  oilers,  and  loose- 
pulley  oilers (171) 


Special  Kettle  for  Ethyl-Cellulose 

D.  C.  Cooper  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

A  special  jacketed  kettle,  heavily  insulated  throughout,  in- 
cluding lid,  with  a  heat  range  up  to  400°  F,  for  heating 
ethyl-cellulose  compounds.  The  jacketed  portion  contains  a 
special  heat  transfer  oil,  insuring  even  temperature  at  all 
times,  and  is  equipped  with  intake  and  drain  for  the  heat 
transfer  oil.  The  kettle  is  electrically  heated,  equipped  with 
thermostat  control.  Size:  I.  D.  10"  dia.  X  10"  deep— 220  v, 
1250  w  a-c (172) 


Multi-purpose  Hydraulic  Bench  Press 

Denison  Engineering  Co. 
Columbus,  O. 

An  economical  means 
of  speeding  up  oper- 
ations requiring  any- 
where from  300  tn 
8000  psi  pressures  in 
single,  or  repeated  up 
and  down  strokes. 

Termed  the  Multi- 
prcss  because  of  it- 
many  uses,  it  will  de- 
liver up  to  4  tons 
downstroke  pressure 
and  up  to  5000  Ib  "pull 
up"  pressure  even 
though  completely 
self  contained  in  a 
streamlined  housing 
measuring  only  16"  x 
26"  x  34"  and  weighs 
only  745  Ib.  Operated 

by  means  of  oil  hydraulic  mechanism,  it  can  utilize  a  wide 
variety  of  accessories  and  fixtures  with  which  it  can  perform 
such  production  operations  as  pelleting,  honing,  broaching, 
peening,  assembling,  burnishing  and  straightening. 

Among  the  available  accessories  and  fixtures  is  automatic 
cycling,  in  which  a  single  lever  affords  four  automatic  actions. 
"Pressure  reversal"  is  a  feature  of  automatic  cycling.  Through 
it,  the  ram  will  automatically  reverse  when  pre-set  maximum 
pressure  is  attained,  regardless  of  length  of  stroke  for  which 
the  unit  is  set.  Another  accessory  is  a  compact,  motor-driven 
indexing  table,  for  rapid  and  continuous  operations.  •  Six  sta- 
tions, indexing  under  the  synchronized  ram,  can  be  loaded  and 
unloaded  at  optional  speeds (173) 


Increases  Nitrile  Yield 

U.  S.  Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Two  new  processes  described  as  able  to  increase  the  yield 
of  nitrilcs  from  primary  alcohols  and  ammonia,  through  the 
use  as  a  catalyst  of  either  reduced  silver,  reduced  copper  or 
a  mixture  of  the  two  on  a  partially  dehydrated  amorphous 
oxide  of  aluminum,  zirconium,  thorium  or  other  rare  earth 
metal. 

The  new  methods  increase  yield  by  boosting  the  activity 
and  stability  of  the  catalyst.  Copper  catalysts  now  in  use 
rapidly  lose  their  effectiveness.  N-butanol  and  ethanol  are 
readily  converted  to  nitriles  by  this  process (174) 


Automatic  Electronic  Control  Instruments 

The  Bristol  Co. 
Waterbury.  Conn. 


A  f  r  e  e-v  a  n< 
electronic  control- 
ler operating  on 
the  shielding  ef- 
fect of  a  vane 
passing  between 
two  coils  in  an 
electronic  circuit. 
Recording  and  in- 
dicating models 
are  offered  for  au- 
tomatic control  of 
temperature,  pres- 
sure, liquid  level, 
and  humidity. 

For  temperature, 
the  unit  is  offered 
in  ranges  from 
-125°  F  to  +1000° 
F  for  use  in  elec- 
tric, oil,  gas  fired, 

and  steam-heated 

ovens,  dryers,  de- 

hydrators,  oil  batli>.  smulir  hou-c.-.  tank.-  and  other  >iinilar 
industrial  apparatus. 

The  pressure  controller  is  available  in  ranges  from  full 
vacuum  to  6000  psi  and  for  automatically  controlling  liquid 
level.  The  humidity  controller  operates  from  a  wet  and  dry 
bulb  type  of  element  with  separate  control  for  each  bulb. 
As  a  time-program  controller,  it  automatically  controls  tem- 
perature, pressure,  liquid  level  or  humidity  according  to  a 
definite  time  schedule (175) 


Versatile  Plastics  Dye 

Krieger  Color  4  Chemical  Co. 
Hollywood,  Calif. 

Release  of  a  new  type  of  dye  solution  of  fluorescent  quality 
to  be  used  under  black  light,  known  as  Kriegr-O-Dip  "I'lucr- 
O-Plas  K,"  has  been  announced  by  the  Krieger  Co.  This 
new  product  it  is  claimed,  can  be  used  on  any  kind  of  plastics 
material,  transparent  or  opaque,  for  decorative  purposes,  and 
is  said  to  be  ideal  for  use  on  medical  equipment,  dials, 
etc. 

Kriegr-o-Dip  W  is  a  water  dye  that  can  be  used  on  acrylic 
and  cellulose  acetate,  incorporating  washing,  polishing  and 
mordanting  agents  in  the  dye  powder.  The  mixture  is  heated 
in  a  vat  and  the  temperature  maintained  at  160-170°  F,  while 
the  items  are  being  dyed.  Non-flammable,  the  dyes  can  be  re- 
used and  do  not  cause  crazing. 

Krieger  also  produces  Kriegr-O-Dip  S,  or  chemical  type, 
for  use  on  Lucite  or  Plexiglas,  which  requires  no  watching 
and  merely  calls  for  dipping  the  articles  into  the  dye  solution. 
Pastel  shades  take  from  30  sec  to  3  min,  and  deep  shades  from 
15  to  20  min,  depending  upon  the  depth  desired.  Dyeing  time 
is  approximate. 

The  firm's  acetate  liquid  dyes,  under  the  name  of  Kricyr- 
O-Dip  A,  are  used  on  cellulose  acetate  or  Tenitc. 

Kriegr-O-Dip  V  for  vinylite  and  polystyrene  is  used  by  the 
dipping  method,  and  requires  no  special  equipment.  Four 
colors  are  available  —  yellow,  orange,  green  D,  rose (176) 


98 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Phenol  Fibre  for  Deep  Drawing 

Taylor  Fibre  Co. 
Norrislown.  Pa. 

Development  of  Phenolastie  Fibre,  a  fabric-base  phenol  fibre 
with  the  added  advantage  of  greater  elasticity,  obtained  by  a 
s|Kvial  weave  in  the  base  material  of  the  fibre  and  rearrange- 
ment of  the  resin  formula  and  coating  procedures.  This  per- 
mits formation  of  compound  curves  and  relatively  deep  draw> 
without  weakening  structural  stn-iiKth  of  the  product. 

Starting  with  a  flat  sheet  of  the  new  material,  it  is  possible 
within  3  min  or  less  to  change  the  sliajH;  of  the  libre  to  con- 
form to  almost  any  bend,  curve  or  draw,  thus  speeding  pro- 
duction, reducing  the  costs  of  dies,  saving  transportation  and 
storage  costs  for  manufacturers  who  do  their  own  forming, 
and  better  performance  of  the  finished  product. 

Flat  sheets  of  phenol  libre  can  be  re-heated  to  within  a 
few  degrees  of  the  blister  point  and,  by  pressing  in  inexpen- 
>ivr  wood  molds,  can  !*•  permanently  re-set  in  various  intricate 
shapes (177) 


Safe  Nitrocellulose  Handling 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington.  Del. 

Xc.nsparking  scoop  for  use  in  transferring  nitrocellulose 
from  barrels  to  mixers  and  other  vessels. 

.Made  from  hard  fiber,  the  scoop  is  the  latest  of  a  series 
of  tools  supplied  by  Hercules,  the  use  of  which  will  mini- 
ini/i-  the  possibility  of  sparks  igniting  nitrocellulose  during 
unloading  operations.  The  scoop  is  11*  in  length  and  7"  in 
diameter  at  the  base.  Other  safety  tools  supplied  by  the 
company  include  nonsparking  speed  wrenches  and  non- 
sparking  forks (178) 


Photo-copy  for  Accuracy,  Speed 

American  Photocopy  Equipment  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

Helps  speed  up 
office  and  shop  I 
prM-rdure,  at  lower 
cost,  by  providing 
easy-to-read  black 
and  white  prints 
of  anything  writ- 
ten, printed,  drawn 
or  photographed, 
whether  printed 
on  one  or  both 
•ides,  with  perfect 
accuracy,  that 
avoids  errors  in 
transmitting  infor- 
mation, with  no 
need  for  proof- 
reading. 

Photo-copies  are  made  in  the  privacy  and  convenience  of 
offices  or   shops,   eliminate   the   need   for   "outside"   photo-   t 
copying,  save  time  and  extra  errands.    Any  inexperienced 
employe  can  become  a  photo-copy  operator  quickly,  without  „ 
technical   training (179) 


The  Axlmuth  Indicator  Is  a  perfect  example  o< 


a  complete  unit  designed  and  produced  by 
Felionthal.  The  dial  body  and  crystal  are  In- 
jection molded  of  Luclte.  The  calibrated  dial 
shows  forming  and  printing  of  Vlnyllte.  Your 
plastic  problems,  too,  become  production 
realities  at  Felsenthal. 


FKBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


99 


Light,  Collapsible  Vent  Tube 

E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

A  portable  air  duct — flexible  but  non-collapsible — for  blower 
and  exhaust  systems,  designed  primarily  for  auxiliary  venti- 
lation in  ship  construction,  loading  and  unloading,  cleaning 
or  repairing  ships.  It  also  is  suitable  for  other  industrial  uses 
such  as  building  and  maintenance  of  vats,  tanks,  tank  cars, 
boilers  or  for  rapidly  changing  air  in  work-rooms  or  drying 
rooms. 

Known  as  Ventube,  the  material  is  a  sleeve  or  tube  of  stand- 
ard "Ventube"  impregnated  cloth,  either  regular  or  fire  re- 
sistant, with  a  tempered  steel  helical  spring  inside  it.  Thus 
the  maximum  air-flow  opening  is  maintained,  regardless  of 
whether  the  duct  is  bent  sharply  or  the  system  is  blowing  or 
sucking  air.  When  bent  to  an  angle  of  180°  it  will  exhaust 
eight  times  more  air  than  the  old  style  tubing.  It  is  reported 
to  be  more  efficient,  more  flexible,  lighter  in  weight,  and  less 
easily  damaged  by  rough  handling  than  ordinary  types  of  such 
tubing.  If  the  covering  of  Ventube  is  burned  by  a  welding 
torch  or  cut  through,  it  can  be  patched  like  an  automobile 
inner  tube (180) 


Serpentine  Heal  Unit 

H.  &  A.  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


construction,  can  be  made  in 
upwardly  to  15-20  watts  per 
lures  up  to  1000°  F  can  be 
of  the  steel-ceramic  structure 
Applications  have  already 
uses  and  experimental  work 
cations  in  the  plastics  field.  . 


A  new,  flexible, 
"serpentine"  elec- 
tric heat  unit,  which 
can  be  coiled  in 
close  or  in  widely, 
spaced  turns,  s^f"- 
raled  arounfj 
molds,  or  fitted  to 
odd  contours.  It  is 
\  described  as  being 
of  metal  -  ceramic 
various  lengths  and  in  capacities 
lineal  inch,  and  exact  tempera- 
maintained  without  deterioration 

been  designed   for  a  number  of 
is  being  done  on  various  appli- 

(181) 


Heat-Resistant  Plastics  Tire  Material 

Firestone  Tire  &  Rubber  Co. 
Akron,  O. 
A   heat-tempered,   all-plastics   material,    which    promises    to 

greatly  increase  tire  life. 

The  tire  withstands  twice  the  heat  a  natural  rubber  tire  de- 
velops at  high  speeds.  This  was  accomplished  by  thermosetting 
or  heat-tempering  the  plastics  by  adding  certain  materials  and 
applying  heat. 

The  tire  does  not  crack  or  check  in  the  sunlight  and,  unlike 
rubber  tires,  is  not  soluble  in  gasoline  or  oil (182) 


Thermoset  Finish  for  Can  Lining 

Watson-Standard  Co. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Phen-Cote,  a.  thermosetting  plastics,  completely  converted 
by  heat  into  an  infusible,  insoluble  hard  surface  that  is  highly 
resistant  to  acids,  alkalies,  oils,  greases,  alcohol,  solvents  and 
most  chemicals.  Phen-Cote  is  applicable  to  linings  for  sanitary 
cans  for  fish,  meats  and  other  edible  products  requiring  a 
lining  with  excellent  oil  resistance.  As  an  exterior  protective 
coating,  this  product  will  produce  high  corrosion  resistance  on 
black  iron  plate,  electrolytic  and  hot  dipped  tin  plates.. ..  (183) 


Vinyl  Resin  Coaled  Voile 

Athol  Mfg.  Co. 
Athol,  Mass. 

A  vinyl  resin  coated  rayon  voile,  known  as  Terson  Brand, 
now  being  produced  by  the  Athol  Co.  for  military  use  as  rain 
covers  for  uniform  caps,  etc. 

Warmth  without  weight  is  listed  as  an  important  feature 
of  this  product,  which  is  described  as  possessing  exceptionally 


good  water  and  wind  resistance  and  providing  a  high  degree 
of  warmth  rarely  found  in  sheer  fabric.  Manufacturers  now 
working  with  this  cloth  report  that  its  qualities  make  it  suit- 
able for  a  wide  variety  of  commercial  applications  in  post- 
war use.  Major  advantages  cited  by  its  makers  for  this  prod- 
uct are :  ( 1 )  The  coated  cloth,  ready  for  use,  has  a  total  weight 
of  only  2  oz  per  sq  yd ;  and  (2)  that  it  will  stand  10  Ibs 
hydrostatic  pressure (184) 


Self-Threading  Plastic  Valve  Cap 

Bay  Mfg.  Division 

The  Electric  Auto-Lite  Co. 

Bay  City,  Mich. 

A  "snap-on"  self-threading  plastic  valve  cap  made  of 
Vinylite.  The  item  is  threadless  and  is  capable  of  completely 
excluding  dust  and  moisture  from  the  valve  stem.  Because 
the  plastic  is  rubber-like,  it  is  able  to  fit  snugly  over  the  stem 
and  firmly  grip  threads (185) 


Plasliply  Panels 

Haskelite  Mfg.  Corp. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Fuselage  panels  for  the  R-6  military  helicopter  are 
Plastiply  laminated  plastics,  molded  by  the  Plymold  process. 

Lightness  of  weight,  high  strength,  insulating  properties, 
resistance  to  acids,  alkalis,  weathering  and  fungus  were  all 
factors  in  choosing  this  material.  The  panels  are  molded 
to  shape  during  the  original  curing  cycle,  eliminating  any 
possibility  of  "spring  back"  and  assuring  satisfactory  fit  for 
mass  production  assembly (186) 


High  Speed  Drying  Oven 

Industrial  Oven  Engineering  Co. 
Cleveland,  O. 

A  standard  box-type  oven  for  the  high-speed  evaporation 
and  drying  of  highly  volatile  solvents.  A  self-contained  unit, 
with  all  heating  equipment  and  ductwork  built  into  the  oven 
shell,  it  can  be  shipped  either  assembled  ready  to  operate  or 
in  pre-fabricated  sections  for  quick  assembly. 

Door  sizes  range  from  3  ft  wide  by  3  ft  high,  to  5  ft  wide 
by  6  ft  high,  and  working  depth  from  3  to  6  ft.  Temperature 
range  is  from  150°  to  900°  P,  with  a  tolerance  of  ±2°.  Al- 
though the  oven  is  direct  gas  fired,  it  is  said  to  have  proved 
perfectly  safe  in  the  evaporation  of  large  volumes  of  inflam- 
mable and  explosive  materials,  and  to  have  insurance  com- 
pany approval. 

These  ovens  can  be  used  not  only  for  alcohol  but  for  ace- 
tone, naphthas,  methyl-ethyl-ketone  and  many  other  highly 
volatile  solvents,  and  can  also  be  converted  without  delay  for 
other  types  of  drying,  finishing,  heat  treating  or  heat  process- 
ing where  materials  can  be  handled  in  trays,  jigs,  or  baskets. 
They  are  especially  suited  to  dense  loads  where  air  stream  re- 
sistance is  high.  Completely  automatic  controls,  of  the  expan- 
sion recording  thermometer  type  or  the  millivoltmeter  type, 
either  air  or  electrically  operated,  are  supplied  to  suit  the 
user (187) 


100 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY   19451 


literature  Review 


Surfacing  Broadens  Plywood  Uses 

Kimberly-Clark  Corp. 
Neenah.  WU. 

A  thorough  description  of  the  applications  to  which  its 
new  plastics  surfacing  material  Kimpreg  is  suited. 

Kimfreg  is  not  a  plywood  nor  a  conventional  laminate,  but 
a  material  for  bonding  to  the  base  plywood  in  hot  presses, 
providing  a  flint-like  surface  that  is  more  durable,  strong, 
abrasion-resistant,  non-staining  and  non-scuffing  than  the 
ordinary  plywood  surface.  The  finish  is  said  to  wear  better 
titan  paint,  and  is  easily  colorable. 

Prospective  uses  include  the  surfacing  of  prefabricated  house 
units,  kitchen  cabinets,  table  tops,  'built-in  furniture  and 
refrigerator  car  lining.  Douglas  fir  plywood  surfaced  with 
Kimfreg  is  marketed  under  the  trade  name  of  Inderon.. .  (188) 


Use  of  Glycerin  in  Plastics 

Glycerine  Producers'  Association 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Lists  1583  applications  for  glycerine  in  the  fields  of  adhe- 
abrasives,    lubricants,    packaging    materials   other   than 
paper,  plastics  and  molding  compositions,  protecting  coatings, 
rubber,  textiles  and  wood,  among  others. 

Plastics  and  molding  composition  uses  include  casein  plastics 
plasticizer,  heating  medium  for  forming  and  shaping  acrylics, 
lubricant  for  slicing  plastics,  imparting  opalescence  or  opacity 


to   niulilrd   pliriiolirs,   nioM    lubricant,   in   "pla»lic"   wood,   M   • 
plasticizer   for  regenerated  crilulnv,  in   >.«iinl   n.  mil  compo- 
sitions, in  alkyd   lirakr  lining',  and   in  K^krK.   linoleum   .<n.| 
printing  rollers.    (.r.ipli<  *fmw  tin-  rtfi  ,  t   ,.i    irmpcratin 
humidity    on    glycerine  .............. 


Applications  of   "Plaokon" 

PUukon  Division 

Libbey  Oweni  Foid  Glow  Co. 

Toledo.  O. 

Describes  and  illustrates  the  varied  uses  for  1'latkon,  a  urea 
and  melamine  formaldehyde  product,  and  the  application  of 
I'laskon  resin  glue  to  planes,  ships,  barges,  boats,  ramp' 
pellers,  fuselages,  wings,  pilot  seats,  aircraft  noses,  glidert  and 
glider  skids,  assault  boats,  liferafts,  skiis,  prefabricated  houses, 
cargo  truck  bodies,  pontoon  bridges,  waterproof  containers, 
laminated  wood  spans,  self-sealing  gas  tanks  and  binnacles. 

Also  described  are  the  performance  and  properties  of  Platkoii 
melamine  formaldehyde  cellulose-filled  molding  compound, 
which  offers  one  of  the  highest  heat  resistance  of  all  light- 
colored  plastics. 

The  urea  formaldehyde  compound  finds  wide  application  in 
display  cases  for  jewelry,  fluorescent  light  sockets,  trim- 
mings, electrical  materials,  military  buttons,  decorative  items 
in  automobiles,  reflectors,  office  equipment  and  closures.  The 
melamine  formaldehyde  compound  is  used  extensively  for 
civilian  garment  buttons,  dishes,  and  coffee  bowls  and  handles. 

Plaskon  hot-setting  resin  glue  is  used  in  bonding  and  coating 
plastic  lithographic  printing  plates  .....................  (  190) 


Degreasing  Plastics 

E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  &  Co. 
Wilmington.  Del 

Describes  the  technique  of  solvent  (vapor)  degreasing  to 
clean  plastics  parts  prior  to  inspection  or  assembly,  or  in  prep- 
aration for  subsequent  processing  or  finishing  operations.  The 
method  consists  of  suspending  the  work  in  the  vapors  of  tri- 


..'.••a-$?yv 


BOUGHT—SOLD 

or  RECLAIMED  for  YOU! 


'  k 


••-.••*- 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
facilities  for  reworking  your  scrap. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE  — CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 


A   Dependable   Source  of  Supply  for  re-worked  Ce//u/ose  Acetate 
and  Ce//u/ose  Bufyrofe  molding  powders 

GERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENILWORTH,  N.  J. 
FKBR I  ARY   1945  PLASTICS 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 

101 


chlorethylene,  or  sometimes  perchlorethylene,  to  dissolve  dirt, 
oil  and  other  foreign  material.  The  work  leaves  the  machine 
through  the  vapor  level,  thus  is  washed  with  pure  liquid  solvent 
which  has  condensed  on  all  surfaces.  Drying  occurs  by  evapo- 
ration. Solvent  can  be  completely  recovered  from  residues  if 
proper  equipment  and  procedures  are  used (191) 


Four   Hercules   Booklets 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington.  Del. 

Four     booklets,     presenting     details     on     various     Hercules^ 
products.     They    are    titled,     respectively,     "Nitrocellulose   - 
Properties     and     Uses;"     "Ethyl     Cellulose — Properties     and 
Uses ;"     "Ethyl     Cellulose     Formulations     with     Resins     and 
Plasticizers ;"  and   "Hercules   Products." 

The  booklets  are  prepared  in  comprehensive  detail,  with 
formulae,  data,  discussions,  diagrams  and  graphs  dealing 
with  the  respective  properties  and  uses  of  the  products  which 
they  cover,  their  applications  and  possibilities  in  the  field 
of  plastics  being  of  significant  interest. 

"Hercules  Products,"  the  most  recently-published  of  these 
four  liooklets,  lists  in  concise  and  clearly-detailed  manner  the 
company's  chemicals,  industrial  explosives,  etc.,  and  approxi- 
mately fifty  industries  which  they  serve,  with  discussions  of 
uses  and  postwar  indications  for  Hercules  chemicals.  Types 
of  products  include  adhesives,  insulation,  inks,  films,  lacquers, 
leathers,  floor-coverings,  papers,  plasticiztrs.  solvents,  plastics, 
ami  textiles ( 192) 


Easily-Worked  Tooling  Plastics 

Pyroxylin  Products,  Inc. 
Chicago,  111. 

Company  literature  containing  full  data  covering  its  thermo- 
plastic Proxmelt  casting  plastics,  first  developed  to  fill  the 
need  of  the  aircraft  industry  for  a  quick-working,  easily- 
changed  tooling  material. 

Technique  of  use  consists  of  melting  and  pouring  molten 
Praxmelt  at  between  380  and  420°  F  directly  against  die. 
mold  or  pattern  and  permitting  it  to  harden  in  place.  The 
casting  becomes  the  complementary  tool  for  use  with  the  form. 
I'roxmclt  punches  are  compressible  and  resilient,  and  give  to 
accommodate  the  thickness  of  the  metal  being  stamped.  They 
can  be  rejuvenated  by  means  of  a  searing-in  process (193) 


"Bakelite"   Cast  Resin  Plastics 

Bakelite  Corp. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Contains  information  regarding  the  forms  and  shapes  in  which 
Bakelite  cast  resins  are  produced,  their  types  and  properties, 
methods  of  machining  and  finishing,  and  a  description  of  arti- 
cles produced  from  cast  phenolic  resins. 

Machining  operations  include  sawing,  cutting,  turning,  mill- 
ing, drilling,  tapping  and  grinding.     Finishing  includes  ashing, 
sanding,    polishing,    forming,    bending,    cementing,    shrinking, 
blanking,    piercing,    printing,    embossing,    carving,    engraving 
'  and  slicing. 

Bakelite  cast  resins  are  pure  resins  with  coloring  added  to 
obtain  color  effects  in  solid,  mottle,  striated  tones  and  varying 
degrees  of  transparency  and  translucency.  They  contain  no 
filler,  and  are  molded  by  being  poured  in  liquid  form  into  open 
molds (194) 


So  You're  Going  to  Use  Plastics! 

Eclipse  Molded  Products  Co. 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

A  well-written  and  timely  booklet,  containing  48  pages  of 
information  and  comprehensive  illustration  on  the  subject  of 
plastics  and  their  respective  characteristics,  properties,  uses, 
etc.,  and  the  company's  methods  of  meeting  and  solving  manu- 
facturers' problems. 

Designed  primarily  for  those  manufacturers  whose  experi- 
ence in  the  field  of  plastics  items'  production  has  not  yet  been 
extensive,  this  booklet  holds  data  that  should  also  be  of  intarest 
to  numerous  others  in  the  field.  Its  technical  content  is  con- 
cisely and  clearly  presented,  and  a  well-defined  picture  of  the 
company's  facilities  and  services  for  the  manufacturer  is  pro- 
vided in  compact  detail ( 195) 


PROBLEMS  in 


plastics 


Problems  and  questions  may  be  submitted  to 
this  department  for  answering  by  the  techni- 
cal editors  or  specialists  in  the  industry. 

Could  you  refer  me  to  a  firm  which  can  supply  me  with 
I'invlitc  sheeting  about  2^"  square  by  &"  thick,  and  trans- 
lucent? H.S.G.,  Smethport,  Pa. 

//  you  will  contact  the  Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemi- 
cals Corp.,  they  unit  tell  you  where  you  can  secure 
sheet  Vinylite  in  the  size  you  want;  up  to  50  pounds 
a  month  can  be  obtained  without  allocation.  The 
company  has  offices  in  principal  cities. 

*  *     * 

Where  can  I  purchase  a  small  hydraulic  injection  molding 
press  or  production  plastics  molding  press  and  where  can  I 
obtain  a  printing  press  that  will  print  names,  trademarks, 
decorations,  etc.,  in  color  on  plastics?  S.B.N.  Provo,  Utah 

ll\draulic  injection  molding  presses  for  production 
work  are  manufactured  by  u  number  of  concerns,  in- 
cludinij:  Hydraulic  Press  .!//.</.  Co.,  Ml.  Gilead, 
Ohio;  Lester  linuineerint/  Co..  2711  Church  St.,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio;  Watson-Slillnian  Co.,  Rosclle,  N.  J.;  and 
Reed-Prentice  Corf.,  o/7  Cambridge,  Worcester, 
Muss. 

Information  about  presses , for  printing,  etc.,  on  plas- 
tics can  be  secured  from:  Kini/sley  Gold  Stamping 
Machine  Co.,  1606  N.  Cahiieniia  Blvd.,  Hollywood, 
Calif.;  Peerless  Roll  Leaf  Co..  Inc.,  I'nion  City,  -V.  J.; 
and  ll'atson-Stillman  Co. 

*  *     * 

Who  manufactures  "Pollapas",  a  trade  name  for  a  glass 
substitute  said  to  be  made  from  urea  and  formaldehyde? 

K.R.  Beverly  Hills,  Calif. 

At  this  time,  nil  thai  is  known  of  the  product  termed 
"Pollapas"  is  thai  it  is  a  urea  type  of  plastics  mate- 
rial which  oriiiinated  in  Germany.  In  the  event  thai  you 
can  use  oilier  types  of  ureas,  il  would  be  advisable  to 
contact  the  following  companies,  which  supply  them 
in  various  forms: 

.linericini  Cytmtimid  Company,  located  at  30  Rocke- 
feller I'lacii.  \ew  York  City — trade  name:  "Beetle": 
Plaskon  Div.,  Libbey-()wens-I:ord  Glass  Co..  Toledo, 
Ohio — trade  mime:  "Plaskon";  Bakelite  Corp.,  New 
York  City — trade  name:  "Bakelite  I'rea." 

*  *     * 

Do  you  know  if  anyone  is  manufacturing  a  plastics  holder 
for  a  packet  of  book-matches  with  space  on  the  front  cover 
for  a  photograph?  R.A.S.  Hollywood,  Calif. 

Because  of  wartime  restrictions  on  plastics  mate- 
rials, few  civilian  products  such  as  the  match  holder 
you  describe  are  being  made  at  present. 

A  few  years  ago,  the  Unit  Match  Corp.,  Eliza- 
beth, N.  J.,  supplied  a  decorative  plastics  match  case 
for  paper  matches  to  be  used  on  a  table.  This  w'as 
molded  by  Columbus  Plastic  Products,  Inc.,  519  Dub- 
lin Ave.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

We  do  not  know  whether  any  of  these  cases  are 
still  available  or  whether  they  would  suit  your  purpose. 
Either  company  may  be  able  to  sttpply  you  further  in- 
formation at  this  time. 


102 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Alkyd   Rosins 

(Continued  jrom  l'a</,-  44  i 


phthalate  resins  have  l>een  appreciated  for  some  years, 
many  people  have  wondered  at  their  almost  phenomenal 
increase  in  popularity,  especially  as  reflected  in  govern- 
mental specifications.  The  reasons  are  quite  clear  to  those 
familiar  with  the  tacts.  Rei/enstein,<8>  for  example,  is 
of  the  opinion  that  on  the  basis  of  speed  of  application, 
durability  and  performance,  the  glyceryl  phtbalate  resins 
ha\e  been  shown  to  be  the  most  effective  coatings  that 
government  agencies  could  specify. 

Pointing  out  that  "alkyd  resins  provide  the  paint  formu- 
lator  with  an  excellent  and  most  versatile  group  of  tools 
with  which  to  prepare  suitable  finishes  for  war  time  and 
pc.u-e  time  a~  well."  ( '.laser""  explains  that,  "the  wide 
acceptance  of  alkyd-resin  finishes  by  government  agencies, 
after  long  study,  indicates  without  much  doubt  that,  in  most 
-.  these  coatings  provide  the  optimum  combination  of 
properties  for  the  largest  number  of  protective,  decorative 
and  camouflage  coatings.  Finishes  made  from  proper 
alkyd-resin  bases  possess  excellent  adhesion  to  most  sur- 
faces, good  color  retention  and  excellent  weathering  char- 
acteristics. They  have  hardness,  flexibility,  moisture  and 
solvent  resistance.  They  withstand  many  reagents." 

While  suitably  modified  alkyd  resins  have  attained  a  high 
place  in  their  own  right,  technical  investigations  and  prac- 
tical application  have  shown  that  combining  other  synthet- 
ic resins  with  alkyds  results  in  new.  superior  products. 
During  the  last  few  years,  the  alkyds  have  been  combined 
with  urea- formaldehyde  resins  to  produce  unique  indus- 
trial finishes.'4'  Urea- formaldehyde  resins,  while  noted 
for  their  light  color  and  color  retention,  have  suffered  from 
the  defects  of  poor  water  and  moisture  resistance,  poor 
adhesion,  poor  stability,  and  lack  of  compatib'lity  and 
uniformity.  By  combining  such  a  resin  with  a  glycerine- 
phthalate  reaction  product,  these  difficulties  were  over- 
come.""1 Today,  these  urea-formaldehyde-alkyd  resin 
combination  vehicles  are  widely  employed  not  only  for 
white  baking  enamels  for  refrigerators,  hospital  equip- 
ment, metal  kitchen  cabinets  and  the  like,  but  also  for 
colored  enamels  on  account  of  the  short  baking  period 
required  to  obtain  extreme  hardness,  marpnxifness.  light- 
bstness,  color  retention,  and  resistance  to  moisture,  sol- 
vents, oils  ami  greases,  and  certain  chemicals.'11' 

Of  related  interest  is  the  commercial  development  of  the 
combined  use  of  melamine-formaldehyde  resins  and  alkyd 
resins  to  provide  faster  curing  baked  finishes  of  superior 
color  and  gloss  retention.*1-'  Quite  recently.  Beck'13' 
in  discussing  the  influence  of  alkyd  binders  on  the  dura- 
bility of  lusterless  enamels,  reported  that  chlorinated  rub- 
ber-alkyd  resin  mixtures  provide  eminently  satisfactory 


««od   them    in   the   March    inue    of      p/dSf/CS — 

PLASTICS  IN  TOMORROW'S  SHOES 

W.  A.  Rofii  Kill  where  and  how  plaitici  can  fit  into  the 
•ho*  picture;  point*  out  many  opportunity,  not  beinq  utilized 
in  that  field. 

SYNTHETIC  RESINS  FROM  FURFURAL 

John  Delmonle  reriewi  the  r«iin§  termed  directly  Irom  fur- 
lural  and  luriuryl  alcohol  without  addition  ol  other  reiin  lorminq 
ingredients. 


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Like  many  of  our  clients  you  may  find  in 
fabricated  plastics  a  new  approach  to  the 
problem  of  giving  your  product  a  more 
modern  and  vital  appeal. 

Through  its  ability  to  create  unique  and 
artistic  designs  that  are  practical  and 
easily  capable  of  production  the  HOUSE 
OF  PLASTICS  offers  a  service  that  may 
help  you  in  your  postwar  planning. 

If  you  are  interested  in  the  development 
in  plastics  of  unusual  display  and  store 
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103 


SPECIALISTS    IN    DESIGN    AND    FABRICATION 

1720   EUCIIO  AVENUi.  ClEVtlANO  IS.  OHIO 


vehicles  for  lusterless  enamels.  From  this  it  is  evident 
that  research  on  the  alkyds  seldom  remains  static ;  improve- 
ments are  constantly  being  made  and  new  potentialities  in- 
dicated. 

Far  from  being  limited  to  use  on  wood  or  metal  sur- 
faces, the  advantageous  qualities  and  versatility  of  the 
alkyd  resins  have  found  extensive  application  for  treating 
non-rigid  substances  like  textiles,  paper  and  leather. 
Widely  used  to  impart  a  variety  of  special  finishes  and 
properties  to  fabrics,  <14- 15-  10>  Cleaveland's  (17)  report  indi- 
cates that  the  alkyd  resins  will  have  many  new  uses  in 
the  textile  field  during  the  post-war  era.  Widely  used  to 
coat,  impregnate  and  bond  paper  products/18-  19)  alkyd 
resins  have  also  been  employed  in  a  variety  of  printing  and 
lithographic  inks.(20)  Employed  in  special  finishes  on 
leather,  Walker'21  >  reports  that  alkyd  resins,  used  in  con- 
junction with  nitrocellulose,  form  lacquer-type  coatings  of 
high  flexibility  and  notable  permanence. 

The  alkyds  are  less  important  as  binders  in  molded  ar- 
ticles than  as  components  of  coatings  and  finishes.  None- 
theless, despite  their  slow  curing,  the  alkyds  have  found 
several  valuable  uses  in  molded  products.  They  are  fre- 
quently used  as  binders  for  mica  to  produce  insulation 
material  of  high  dielectric  strength. (2)  The  newer  technical 
literature  and  patent  specifications  also  indicate  other  uses 
for  the  alkyds,  generally  in  conjunction  with  other  resins 
in  the  production  of  molded  articles. 

Specie,/  Alkyds 

Occasionally,  special  alkyds  are  used  in  making  molded 
products.  One  such  results  from  the  heating  of  maleic  acid 
with  oleic  acid  and  then  adding  glycerine  to  the  reaction 
mass.*-21  Russian  studies*231  on  the  utilization  of  plant 
proteins  for  plastic  masses  are  also  indicative.  Suitable 
resins,  it  is  reported,  are  obtained  from  the  sulfonaphthenic 
derivatives  of  proteins  by  condensat'on  with  glycerine  and 
phthalic  anhydride.  Interpolymerization  products  suitable 
for  molding  under  pressure  and  heat  may  utilize  an  alkyd 
resin  as  an  integral  part  of  their  formation,  according  to 
one  quite  recent  patent.'24'  Employed  as  a  bonding 
agent,  an  alkyd  resin  has  been  used  to  make  plastic  masses 
based  upon  cork  powder,  asbestos  and  slate  powder  plus 
other  specified  ingredients. (28) 

Sometimes  alkyds  are  used  to  impart  desired  qualities  to 
other  resins  employed  in  making  molded  products.  For 
example,  a  glycerine-phthalic  anhydride  resin  has  been 
advocated  for  use  with  a  phenol-formaldehyde  reaction 
product  to  make  clear  and  colorless  cast  products. (26)  In 
another  process  for  making  resinous  molding  composi- 
tions,*27' a  glyceryl  phthalate  resin  is  added  to  a  solution  of 
a  urea-formaldehyde  resin;  the  alkyd  resin  accelerating 
the  conversion  of  the  urea-formaldehyde  resin  to  an  infus- 
ible state  during  the  molding  process.  END 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 

(1)  Martin,  K.  E.:  (through)  Canadian  Chem.  &  Met.,  May  1941 

(2)  Anon.:    "Synthetic    Resins   and   Their   Raw   Materials,"    Report    No.    131, 
2nd  Series,  Washington,   U.  S.  Tariff  Comm.,    1938,   pp.  24-32 

(3)  Leffingwell,  G.  &  Lesser,  M.  A.:  Am.  Paint  J.  22:48,  May  23,   1938;  ibid. 
25:20,  Nov.  25,  1940 

(4)  Lutz,  W.  H.:  Iron  Age.  July  15,  1943,  p.  16 

(5)  Seaman,  J.  R.:  Domestic  Commerce,  May  1943,  p.  7 

(6)  Wakeman.  R.  L.  &  Weil,  B.  H.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.  34:1387,   1942 
(7    Coler,  M.  A.  &  De  Nio,  E.:  Aero  Digest,  July  1942,  p.  254 

(8)  Reizenstein,  L.  J.:  Paint.  Oil  &  Chem.  liev.,  June  4,  1942,  p.  II 

(9)  Glaser,  M.  A.:  Indus.  Finishing,  Oct.  1943,  p.  52 

(10)  Hodgins,  T.  S.  &  Hovey,  A.  G.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.  30:1021,  1938 
II)  Hodgins,  T.  S.,  Hovey,  A.  G.  &  Ryan,  P.  J.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.  32:334. 
1940 

(12)  Hodgins,   T.  S.,   Hovey,   A.   G.,   Hewett,   S.,    Barrett,  W.   R.   S   Meeske 
C.  J.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.  33:769.  1941 

(13)  Beck,  S.  E.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.  36:157,  1944 

(14)  Leffingwell,  G.  &  Lesser,   M.  A.:  Textile  Age  4:63.  Sept.   1940 

(15)  Leffingwell.  G.  &   Lesser,   M.  A.:   Rayon  Textile  Mo.  21:553  &  635,    1940; 
ibid.  22:532,  1941;  ibid.  23:550,  1942;  ibid.  24:493  &  543,  1943 

(16)  Tupholme,  C.  H.  S.:  Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.,  News  Ed.  18:766,  1940 

(17)  Cleaveland,  J.  B.:  Textile  Worfd,  May  1943,  p.  59 

(18)  Leffingwell,  G.  &  Lesser,   M.  A.:  Paper  Trade  J.,  TAPPI   Sect.,  July  13, 
1939,  p.  17 


(19)  Leffingwell,  G.  &  Lesser,   M.  A.:  Paper  Ind.  &  Paper  World,  April   1943 
p.  44;  ibid.  Oct.  1944 

(20)  Leffingwell.  G.  &  Lesser,  M.  A.:  Am.  Ink  Maker  18:18,  April  1940 

(21)  Walker,  H.  B.:  J.  Am.  Leather  Chem.  Assoc.  36:12    1941 

(22)  Clocker,  E.  T.:  U.  S.  Pat.  2,286.466,  June  16,  1942 

(23)  Voskresenskii,   P.   I.  &   Poroshin,   K.  T.:   (through)   Chem.  Abstr.  37:5161, 

(24)  D'Alelio,  G.  F.:  U.  S.  Pat.  2,323.706,  July  6,  1943 

(25)  Carroll,  H.:  Brit.  Pat.  521,444,  May  2,  1940 

(26)  Hansen,  O.:  U.  S.  Pat.  2,289,266,  July  7,  1942 

(27)  Kienle,  R.  H.  &  Scheiber,  W.  J.:  U.  S.  Pat.  2,260,033,  Oct.  21,   1941 


Azimuth  Indicator 

(Continued  from  Page  72) 


metal,  so  much  time  would  be  consumed  in  the  manufac- 
turing process  that  a  serious  bottleneck  would  threaten 
our  entire  tank  building  program.  For  these  reasons,  it 
was  early  decided  to  use  plast:cs  in  the  dial  unit. 

Original  plans  called  for  painting  the  calibrations  of  the 
plastics  dials  with  radium.  This  technique  had  to  be 
abandoned,  however,  because  while  the  radium  painted 
calibrations  were  sat:sfactory.  the  process  involved  slow, 
tedious  and  expensive  handwork  which  would  end  any 
possibility  of  meeting  the  urgent  production  schedules. 

Our  long  years  of  experience  in  the  radio  and  automo- 
tive fields  helped  solve  the  problem.  Many  radios  still  in 
use,  for  example,  have  translucent  plastics  dials  with  indi- 
rect light-ng  and  variable  color  bands  that  light  up  as  you 
switch  from  one  set  of  wave  lengths  to  another.  Apply- 
ing the  same  technique,  it  was  possible  to  achieve  the 
most  important  characteristics  the  dial  face  had  to  have — 
easy  readability  both  in  full  light  and  blackout — and 
speedy  production. 

Experience  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics  navigation 
instruments  for  the  armed  forces  had  also  taught  us  that 
red  is  the  best  color  to  use  in  blackouts.  You  can  look  at 
red  figures  and  then  turn  away  into  the  dark  without 
experiencing  the  temporary  blindness  which  occurs  when 
other  colors  are  viewed.  Combining  these  two  experiences, 
a  dial  face  was  produced  of  translucent  Vinylite  with 
white  calibrations  and  numerals  on  a  black  background 
on  the  front  and  red  on  the  reverse  side.  In  this  way,  the 
numerals  and  calibrations  appear  white  during  daylight 
but  glow  in  red  when  lit  up  from  the  back. 

Lighting  the   Dial 

Light  for  the  indicator  is  secured  from  two  small  bulbs 
set  diametrically  opposite  one  another  in  the  outer  metal 
housing.  In  order  to  prevent  a  spot-lighting  effect  where 
the  lights  adjoin  the  Lucite  dial  body,  the  latter  is  opaqued 
all  around  its  outer  rim.  This  permits  more  equal  dis- 
tribution of  the  light  and  diffuses  it  upward  so  as  to  allow 
uniform  illumination  of  the  numerals  and  calibrations. 

The  dial  assembly  of  the  indicator  is  composed  of  three 
plastics  parts — dial  body,  dial  and  window. 

The  dial  body  is  approximately  6"  in  diameter  and  is 
injection-molded  in  a  single  cavity  mold  which  also  incor- 
porates the  several  small  holes  in  this  unit.  The  gate  at 
the  center  is  cut  out  with  a  fly  cutter  and  reamed  to  form 
a  hole  approximately  \Yz"  in  diameter.  Lucite  was  selected 
for  this  part  because  of  its  ability  to  carry  light  through 
its  body  and  diffuse  it  underneath  the  translucent  dial. 

The  dial  is  formed  and  blanked  of  white,  translucent 
Vinylite,  selected  because  of  its  dimensional  stability,  non- 
flammability  and  resistance  to  moisture. 

The  use  of  plastics  has  greatly  facilitated  the  manufac- 
ture of  this  critically  needed  and  highly  important  weapon 
of  war.  It  has  permitted  continuous  production  of  the 
azimuth  indicator  and  at  a  cost  for  the  dial  and  crystal  unit 
of  less  than  half  the  estimated  cost  of  the  originally  pro- 
posed metal  unit.  END 


104 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Transport  Design 

(Continued  from  Page  83) 


because  of  the  use  of  plastics.  Plastics-bunded  material 
will  make  possible  thinner  sections  throughout:  train  seats 
could  be  made  only  a  fraction  of  their  present  thickiu--- 
yct  provide  greater  passenger  comfort;  space  now  utili/.i-il 
for  structural  materials  could  be  available  for  added  seat- 
ing, without  crowding;  accessories  could  be  molded  in 
wherever  needed.  There  are  dozens  of  ways  in  which 
the  industrial  designer  could  add  to  the  pleasure  of  train 
travel  through  the  use  of  plastics.  Changes  in  design 
made  feasible  by  the  low  pressure  molding  process  may 
prove  to  be  just  the  stimulant  needed  by  the  railroad  in- 
dustry to  meet  competition  from  other  forms  of  travel. 

Automotive   Apolitations 

\-  for  the  automobile  industry,  it  will  be  in  the  field 
of  custom-made  vehicles  that  the  application  of  low  j>re~- 
sure  molding  technique  will  be  of  greatest  immediate  ad- 
vantage. At  this  stage  of  development,  there  can  be  no 
prediction  that  the  low  pressure  process  will  be  used  in 
p.i-senger  automobile  manufacturing  or  in  any  field  where 
high  production  is  involved,  because  the  molding  cycle 
remains  relatively  slow.  Eventually,  however,  the  develop- 
ment of  electronic  heating  may  result  in  faster  curing  and 
make  possible  the  application  of  the  entire  process  to  all 
ma"  production  fields.  There  should  be  applications  of 
the  low  pressure  molding  process,  however,  wherever  a 
limited  number  of  custom-designed  bodies  is  required. 
For  example,  a  fleet  owner  wishing  distinctive  design  for 


his  nil  trucks  could  obtain  it  at  relatively  low  cost  by 
means  of  this  process.  Simultaneously,  Mich  design  would 
fill  the  functional  requirements  of  his  trucks  and  present 
a  styling  to  conform  with  his  advertising  slant.  The 
accompanying  illustration  depicts  both  of  these  points— 
here  is  a  truck  of  light  weight  and  great  capacity,  in 
which  space  formerly  utilized  for  structure  is  used  to  in- 
crease the  payload.  In  this  design,  the  body  shape  is  the 
actual  tank,  whereas  most  of  today's  oil  trucks  are  --imply 
standard  shaped  steel  tanks  shrouded  by  sheet  metal. 

If  the  new  plastics  techniques,  were  employed  to  their 
full  extent  in  the  construction  of  such  an  oil  body-tank. 
it  would  minimize  problems  such  as  those  of  rust  and 
corrosion.  For  that  matter,  the  present-day  use  of  glass 
and  other  lining  materials  in  tank-type  trailers,  for  the 
preservation  of  milk,  foods,  chemicals  and  so  on  would  be 
rendered  unnecessary.  Lining  material  would  be  obviated 
by  the  correct  choice  of  the  synthetic  resin  used  as  a  binder 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  tank. 

The  fact  that  these  qualities  can  be  combined  with 
dist'nctive  design  in  such  vehicles  is  one  of  the  tremendous 
forward  strides  which  may  be  expected  after  the  war. 

What  dairy  company,  for  example,  would  turn  down 
such  a  truck  as  that  illustrated,  even  if  it  cost  slightly  more 
than  present  conventional  models  and  at  the  same  time  be 
more  practical? 

Development  of  the  synthetic  resins,  which  has  made 
the  low  pressure  molding  process  practical  for  producing 
large  pieces,  may  some  day  be  listed  among  the  great  dis- 
coveries of  all  time.  At  the  moment,  the  low  pressure 
molding  process  has  made  certain  that  that  type  of  pla-tics 
is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  great  American  industries 
after  the  war.  END 


.LJn 


Jsnareai 


f-^roper    +jrnareclieni 
for    tke    (I5c6t    In 

OLDED    PLASTICS 

The  greatest  hotel  chef  in  the  world  is  no  more  particular 
than  we. 

Whether  the  product  is  molded  of  Phenolic,  Urea  or 
Acetate,  we  know  the  proper  method  and  the  proper 
sequence  that  insures  the  result  YOU  want — whether  it  is 
eye  appeal,  strength,  extent  of  resistance  to  heat  or  moisture, 
or  any  other  particular  characteristic. 

To  this  we  add  the  "priceless  ingredient"— EXPERIENCE. 
What  we  have  done  thousands  of  times  for  others,  we  can 
do  for  you. 

While  our  efforts  now  are  entirely  devoted  to  winning 
the  war,  we  are  glad  to  discuss  future  business  at  any  time. 

&JRCOBmOLDinG&TOOLCO. 


TRADC    MARK 


1200   SOUTHARD   STREET,   TRENTON   8.   N.  I. 


~.    T. 


</ 


NEW    YORK—  «.   C.   I  llm.nn,   M   W.   43   St. 


PHII.AUU.PHIA  —  I.  .I*  *   S*n   l 
«O*    l-.r4.hlp    *..d.    Slr.tUrd. 


>i»p«n,.    II   W. 


\., 


I  I  IlKUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


ior> 


Paper-Base   Laminates 

(Continued  from  Page  30) 


and  flexural  strengths  are  27,000  and  30,000  psi,  respec- 
tively, or  intermediate  between  those  for  the  two  principal 
directions  of  the  parallel-laminated  type.  This  relationship 
exists  among  all  tensile  and  flexural  properties,  and  to  a 
lesser  degree  among  most  other  properties. 

A  few  tests  to  determine  the  tensile  strength  normal  to 
the  plane  of  the  laminations  averaged  600  psi.  The  bond- 
ing strength  (Federal  Specification  L-P-406a)  was  about 
1(K)()  psi.  This  value  represents  the  force  required  to  rup- 
ture the  bond  of  a  1"  square  by  YI"  thick  specimen  by 
edgewise  loading  through  the  medium  of  a  10  mm  steel 
ball. 

The  shear  strength  of  parallel-laminated  and  cross-lami- 
nated Papreg  by  the  Johnson-type  double  shear  method 
was  about  20%  greater  edgewise  than  flatwise;  and  both 
edgewise  and  flatwise  shear  strength  for  parallel-laminated 
Papreg  was  15  to  20%  greater  perpendicular  to  the  fibre 
direction  than  parallel  to  the  fibre  direction. 

The  modulus  of  elasticity  in  shear,  or  the  modulus  of 
rigidity  G  (the  modulus  associated  with  shear  distortions 
in  the  surfaces  of  the  sheet  and  in  planes  parallel  thereto) 
is  about  900,000  psi. 

The  bearing  strength  of  %"  Papreg,  determined  from 
tensile  type  tests  of  standard  specimens  having  a  hole 
diameter  of  %",  is  approximately  25,000  psi.  Tests  of 
standard  4J4"  X  \%"  specimens  having  a  hole  of  J4" 
diameter  and  centered  in  the  width  at  a  distance  of 
Yi,"  from  one  end  of  the  specimen,  failed  in  tension  across 
the  net  section  before  the  specified  4%  deformation  of  the 
hole  diameter  occurred.  For  these  tests,  the  average  de- 


TtNSIOM 


OSS  LAMINATE 

COMPRC  iSIOH  (fOCf  msf) 


o      }t>     ao    no 

TtMPLRATURC.fr) 
fLtXURC. 


Fig.  6.    Temperature-strength  relationship  lor  Papreg  (Improved  Standard.  6/43) 


formation  of  hole  diameter  at  failure  and  corresponding 
ultimate  stresses  were  3.65%  and  28,000  psi,  respectively, 
for  parallel-laminated  (lengthwise)  Papreg,  and  3.69% 
and  26,500  psi,  respectively,  for  cross-laminated  Papreg. 

Papreg  has  a  flatwise  Izod  strength  of  from  2  to  6  ft- 
Ib  per  in  of  notch ;  whereas  edgewise  Values  are  on  the 
order  of  0.5  to  0.7. 

Typical  tensile  and  compressive  stress-strain  diagrams 
are  presented  in  Figs.  3  and  4.  Each  curve  presents  actual 
load-deformation  data  for  individual  specimens  that  have 
properties  in  close  agreement  with  the  average  of  the 
group.  The  material  exhibits  good  elastic  behavior  up  to 
a  well-characterized  proportional  or  elastic  limit  stress, 
but  upon  further  stressing  shows  a  plastic  behavior  or 
nonlinear  relationship  between  stress  and  strain.  Papreg, 
not  unlike  many  thermosetting  plastics,  has  comparatively 
little  ductility,  and  ultimate  failures  in  tension  occur  with- 
out a  marked  yield  point  and  at  relatively  small  strains. 

Directional  properties  of  Papreg,  based  on  a  limited 
number  of  tests,  are  presented  in  Table  2.  These  results 
indicate  that  the  cross-laminated  material  is  essentially 
isotropic  in  the  plane  of  the  sheet.  In  general,  the  45° 
properties  of  the  cross-laminated  material  are  equal  to  or 
slightly  better  than  the  lengthwise  or  crosswise  values, 
whereas  the  values  of  the  parallel-laminated  material  at 
45°  are  essentially  intermediate  between  those  at  0°  and 
90°  to  the  fibre  direction. 

FATIGUE: — Constant-strain  flexural  fatigue  studies  were 
conducted  in  a  room  maintained  at  80°  F  and  50%  rela- 
tive humidity.  Test  specimens  were  of  J^"  Papreg,  simi- 
lar in  shape  to  that  specified  in  Federal  Specification  L-P- 
406,  except  for  slight  modifications  in  dimensions  found 
m-iv-sary  in  order  to  employ  existing  fittings  of  available 
Krouse  flat-plate  fatigue  machines. 

The  flatwise  flexural  fatigue  strength  for  completely 
reversed  bending  stress  at  100.000.000 
cycles  was  about  7000  psi  for  cross-lam- 
inated (lengthwise)  Papreg;  and  7700 
and  5800  psi  for  parallel  laminated 
Papreg  lengthwise  and  crosswise  re- 
spectively. Fatigue  limits  of  Papreg  at 
higher  induced  stresses  are  indicated  in 
the  S-N  diagram,  Fig.  5. 

Fatigue  limits  were  determined  by  the 
deflection  method  where:n  specimens 
are  considered  as  having  failed  when  the 
deflection  produced  by  the  reapplication 
of  the  initial  load  shows  a  marked  in- 
crease in  its  rate  of  change. 

The  greatest  increase  in  specimen 
temperature  above  the  ambient  tempera- 
ture was  60°  F  at  14,000  and  12.000  psi 
for  cross-laminated  and  parallel-lami- 
nated crosswise  specimens,  respectively. 
Temperature  increases  at  a  fatigue  limit 
of  approximately  10,000,000  cycles  were: 
cross  laminated  11°  F  at  8000  psi,  par- 
allel-lengthwise, 10°  F  at  9800  psi,  and 
parallel-laminated  Papreg,  crosswise  15" 
F  at  6700  psi.  Temperature  increases  at 
the  100,000,000-cycle  limits  were  only  2 
to  3°  F  except  for  the  parallel-cross- 
wise, which  increased  10°  F  above  the 
ambient  temperature.  Fatigue  strengths 
shown  in  Fig.  5  were  not  corrected  to 
include  any  calculated  reductions  due  to 
thermal  effects. 

FLAMMABILITV  : — Flammability  or  rate- 
of-burning  tests  of  l/2  X  6"  specimens 


106 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY    1945 


of  %"  Papreg  indicated  the  material  to  be  self-extinguish- 
I'he  average  flaming  and  glowing  time  which  per- 
sisted following  removal  of  the  Bunsen  burner  after  the 
second  application  was  1  ami  2  min,  respectively.  The 
iii.ixiimim  spread  of  char  did  not  exceed  ft".  The  charred 
end  increased  about  50%  in  thickness. 
. \HK\SION: — Abrasion  wear  tests  of  Papreg  of  1.4  specific 
gravity  were  conducted  on  a  Tabor  abraser  employing 
•  S  17  wheels  and  a  1000-gm  load.  One  thousand  revolu- 
tions produced  a  loss  in  weight  of  O.OloK  gm. 
TIIUXMAI.  KXPAXSION: — The  coefficient  of  linear  thermal 
expansion  of  Papreg  were  greater  in  the  direction  of  com- 
pression perpendicular  to  the  laminations  than  in  the 
plane  of  the  laminations.  Test  specimens  were  heated  for 
24  hr  at  105°  ('  and  then  stored  in  a  <lessieator  over  phos- 
phoric anhydride,  prior  to  test.  Results  of  a  few  meas- 
urements made  on  1-cm  square  specimens,  (1  cm  long 
I.  ir  the  measurements  in  the  direction  of  compression 
normal  to  the  laminations,  3  cm  long  for  the  linear  meas- 
urements in  the  plane  of  the  laminations  other  than  those 
parallel  to  the  fibres  in  the  parallel-laminated  material,  and 
Id  nn  long  for  the  lengthwise  measurement  of  the  parallel- 
laminated  Papreg)  between  -50°  C  and  50°  C  ±  2"  C  in 
cni/cm/V,  were  as  follows: 

Linear   coefficier.fi   of   parallel-laminated    Papreg: 

5.73  X  1O0  in  the  plane  of  the  laminations,  lengthwise 
15.14  X  10"*  in  the  plane  of  the  laminations,  crosswise 
65.10  X  10-*  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  lamina- 
tions, flatwise 

Linear  coefficients   of   crosi-laminated    Papreg: 

10.89  X  10~*  in  the  plane  of  the  laminations  parallel  to 
the  fibre  direction  of  one-half  of  lamina- 
tions 

62.20  X  10-*  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  laminations, 
flatwise,  between  52.3°  C  and  -25.2°  C 

The  expansion  was  linear  or  essentially  linear  over  the 
whole  range  investigated,  except  for  the  portion  of  the 
cross-laminated  material  in  the  plane  of  the  laminations 
above  +25°  C,  which  curved  downward.  It  may  be  noted 
that  the  linear  coefficient  of  thermal  expansion  in  the 
plane  of  the  laminations  for  the  cross-laminated  Papreg 
lies  midway  between  that  of  the  lengthwise  and  crosswise 
linear  coefficients  of  parallel-laminated  Papreg,  in  the  same 
manner  as  do  the  tensile  and  flexural  properties. 

Since  the  applicability  of  any  engineering  material  de- 
pends not  only  upon  its  normal  strength  properties,  but 


MOLDS 

Better 


When  yon  <-lnx>sr  \nbiirn  as  your  custom 
molder,  Auburn's  engineers  will  construct  a 
mold  that  will  take  full  advantage  of  all  the 
inherent  characteristics  of  tlie  plastics  ma- 
terials used  ...  a  mold  that  will  mean  unin- 
terrupted, economical  production  of  \our 
plastics  part. 

This  mold-making  ability  is  the  result  of 
Auburn's  68  years  molding  experience  .  .  . 
years  in  which  Auburn's  skill  and  reputation 
have  grown  steadily  until,  today,  the  \ubnrn 
mold  mark  is  virtually  a  guarantee  of  a 
perfect  molded  part. 

• 

For  small  parts  molded  automatic  nlK  at  low 
cost,  write:  Woodruff  Company  Division. 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Auburn,  New  York. 


MOLD 


< 


Two  units  in  a  set  ol  4  military  shipping  boxes,  made  ot 
"Kimpreg."  Can  be  nested  when  empty  to  conserve  space 


AUBURN  ENGINEERED  PL 

Typ«$  of  N 

Extruded  Tubes  and  Shapes 

.UBURI 

INCORPORATED 


FKBRl  ARY   1943 


PLASTICS 


107 


TABLE  2. — Directional  Properties  of  Nominal  |/8"  Papreg   at   Normal  Temperature  (75°    ±   5°  F) 

Shear   (Flatwise) 
Compression   (Edgewise)  Bearing    ('/("   Diameter  Pin)  Static  Bending    (Flatwise)  (Johnson-type) 


Angle  be- 
tween grain 

Pro- 

Strength 
•*  4% 

Ulti- 

Pro- 

Mod- 

direction and                                    Yield 

por- 

Modulus 

deforma- 

mate 

por- 

ulus 

Modulus 

stress,  or 

Num-       Ulti-       strength 

tional 

of  elas- 

Num- 

tion of 

bear- 

Num-    tional 

of 

of  elas- 

Num- 

Shear- 

specimen 

ber        mate      at  0.2% 

limit 

ticity 

ber 

hole 

ing 

ber         limit 

rup- 

ticity 

ber 

ing 

length 

of      strength      offset 

stress 

|p«i  X 

of 

diameter 

stress 

of        stress 

ture 

(p«i   X 

of 

strength 

[*) 

teitt       (pii)          (pii) 

(psi) 

I0«) 

tests 

(p*i) 

(p<i) 

tests       (psi) 

(psi) 

I0«) 

tests 

(psi) 

Parallel  laminated 

0 5    ...20.750 12.240 5,860 2,807 6 24,920 35.060 4 14,940     36,410         2,905 8 17,110 

45 5 18,550 10,270 3,700 1,983 9 21,300 33,930 4 1  1,520  ..35.280 2,512 8         16,870 

90 5...-.I9.950 9,500, 3.570 1.545 4 22,940 31,300 4 8,650     25,810 1,777 8 14,920 

Cross  laminated 

0 16 18.90C 11,990 5,020 2,375 5 25,920 34,280 4 I5',560....3I,760 2,359 16 15.530 

45 5 19,550 10,810 4,460 2,151 5 26,470 36,350 4        13,400  ..36,060 2,409 4 16,240 

90 16 19,370 11,400 5,040 2.363 5 25,920  34,280 4        I  1 ,920  ..33,940 2.638 16 15,570 


also  upon  its  general  behavior  under  service  conditions,  a 
number  of  studies  to  determine  the  effect  of  such  factors 
as  temperature,  moisture,  freezing  and  thawing,  accelerated 
weathering,  and  natural  aging  and  weathering  have  also 
been  conducted.**'  Some  data  on  the  effect  of  environ- 
mental conditions  on  the  mechanical  properties  of  organic 
plastics  materials  have  been  published.  Some  data  have 
also  appeared  on  the  temperature  and  moisture  char- 
acteristics of  high-strength  paper  laminates. 
TEMPERATURE  : — The  temperature-strength  relationships  of 
Papreg  in  tension,  compression,  and  flexure  at  -69°,  75°, 
158°,  and  200°  F  are  presented  in  Fig.  6.  Fach  point  rep- 
resents the  average  of  five  or  six  tests.  In  general,  the 


(*)  Experiments  have  been  completed  at  the  Forest  Products  Laboratory 
upon  the  effect  of  service  conditions,  and  it  is  anticipated  that  the 
results  will  he  published  in  the  near  future. 


strength  properties  of  Papreg  show  a  decrease  with  in- 
creasing temperature.  This  behavior  is  characteristic  of 
cellulose-filled  phenolic  compositions  and  plastics  in  gen- 
eral. Impact  strength  (Izod  test),  however,  did  not  follow 
this  general  behavior,  but  indicated,  instead,  a  slight 
decrease  in  strength  with  respect  to  normal  temperatures 
at  both  temperature  extremes. 

It  is  recognized  that  in  consequence  of  the  conditions  to 
which  specimens  were  subjected  prior  to  and  during  tests, 
factors  other  than  temperature,  such  as  differences  in 
dryness,  may  have  affected  the  results  shown  in  Fig.  6. 
These  data  agree  substantially  with  temperature-strength 
data  of  paper-base  laminates  of  the  same  composition  im- 
pregnated with  other  phenolic  resins. 
MOISTURE: — Studies  to  determine  the  moisture-strength 


ADVANCED 


IN   TRANSPARENT   PLASTICS... 


<  m 


Ho.  331  all  transparent 
table  exhibits  new  refine- 
ment* in  design;  feature* 
sand-etched  glass  top, 
iturdjr  plexiglass  frame 
and  legs;  18**  38*  surface. 


Due  to  new  skills  and  techniques  acquired  under  the  pressure  of 
four  years  of  wartime  conditions  plus  previous  peacetime  experi- 
ence, the  fine  handcraft  touch  ever  present  in  Industrial  Arts 
products  is  retained  under  modern  production  methods. 

Catalogue  now  available  illustrates  complete  line  of  tables, 
trays,  picture  frames,  ash  trays,  countless  additional  articles. 


66O    WEST    GRAND    AVENUE     •     CHICAGO,     ILLINOIS 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Fig.  10.    Moisture  gain  of  "Papreg"  under  varied  condition* 

relationship  of  Papreg  indicated  that  exposure  to  increased 
humidity  with  consequent  moisture  absorption  results  in  a 
definite  decrease  in  strength  properties,  as  well  as  in- 
crease in  dimension.  These  characteristics  are  common 
to  cellulose  compositions.  Tension,  compression,  static- 
landing,  and  bearing  tests  were  made  on  specimens  taken 
from  %"  panels  of  parallel-  and  cross-laminated  Papreg 
conditioned  for  100  days  to  approximate  equilibrium  at 
75°  F  and  50%  relative  humidity,  and  at  80°  F  and 
relative  humidities  of  30,  80,  and  97%,  and  from  panels 
immersed  in  distilled  water  at  75°  F.  Test  results  show 
that  the  modulus  of  elasticity  is  least  affected  by  moisture ; 
and  proportional  or  elastic  limit,  the  most  affected;  also, 
that  parallel-laminated  and  cross-laminated  materials  differ 
but  little  with  respect  to  the  effects  of  increase  in  moisture. 
Compared  with  exposure  at  75°  F  and  50%  relative  humid- 
ity, approximate  decreases  in  tension  and  compression  after 
exposure  to  80°  F  and  97%  relative  humidity  were  re- 
spectively as  follows:  20  and  50%  in  ultimate  strength, 
30  and  35%  in  Young's  modulus,  45  and  55%  in  yield  stress 
at  l>.7%  strain,  and  65  and  75%  in  stress  at  proportional 
limit. 

A  few  tests  made  to  determine  the  effect  of  moisture  on 
the  hardness  of  Papreg  by  the  standard  Rockwell  indenta- 
tion tests  indicated  a  decrease  in  M  values  from  108  for 
material  conditioned  at  30%  relative  humidity  to  65  for 
material  conditioned  at  97%  relative  humidity. 

A  few  shear  modulus  tests  (G)  on  %"  X  5"  X  5"  speci- 
mens, conditioned  at  97%  relative  humidity  and  tested 
wet.  indicated  a  modulus  of  rigidity  of  677.000  psi  for 
parallel-laminated  Papreg  and  707,000  psi  for  cross-lami- 
nated Papreg.  This  indicated  a  loss  in  shear  modulus 
with  respect  to  values  at  50%  relative  humidity  of  ap- 
proximately 20  to  25%  due  to  moisture  increases  of  ap- 
proximately 10%. 

FREEZING  AND  THAWING: — Freezing  and  thawing  investi- 
gations of  Papreg  exposed  to  the  moisture  conditions 
previously  described  did  not  indicate  significant  effects 
on  -trcnytli  lieyond  those  attributed  to  moisture. 
\Airn\i.  WEATHERING: — Outdoor  exposure  tests  of  11" 
square  panels  of  A",  JH",  and  yt"  thick  Papreg  were 
conducted  at  Madison,  Wis.  The  panels  were  mounted 
tlatwi-c  nil  exposure  racks  facing  south,  and  inclined  45°. 
During  15  months  of  continuous  exposure,  the  appearance 
of  the  exposed  surface  changed  from  a  glossy  yellow 
brown  to  a  dull  grey  brown.  There  were  no  indications 
of  blooming,  crazing,  or  delamination.  Changes  in  strength 
properties  have  not  yet  been  determined.  END 

This  article  li  bated  on  a  piper  presented  by  the  authors  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  ASMK.  Nor  30.  HU.  New  York  City. 


PRESSING  DEMANDS  OF  WAR  have  made  many  • 
measuring  stick  obsolete.  This  is  particularly  true  of 
plastic  finishing  standards.  Today's  hypercritical  finishing 
demands  call  for  quality-controlled  polishing  and  huffing 
materials  that  meet  specific  requirements  of  a  wide  ranee 
of  plastic  formulae. 

McAleer's  Plastic  Finishing  Division  answers  this  need  — 
and  by  example  offers  these  new  job-rated  thermoplastic 
buffing  compositions  for  your  consideration  and  test. 


If  your  product  falls  within  the  rang*  of  the  bat*  mat.fialt  below,  tenet 
lamplei  of  work  with  outline  of  the  finish  you  detire.  We'll  do  the  rest. 

PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDES  •  UREA. FORMALDE- 
HYDES e  ACRYLATES  AND  METH ACR YLATE8 
STYRENES  •  HARD  RUBBERS  e  CASEINS  •  ETHYL- 
CELLULOSES  •  CELLULOSE  ACETATES  •  CELLULOSE 
ACETATE  BUTYRATES  *  CELLULOSE  NITRA1 


MANUFACTURING  CO. 


ROCHESTEH,  MICH. 

FINISHING   DIVISION 


FKBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


fye  Appen/ing  de- 
sign jt'/ft  screened  on 
plastic  compact  cre- 
ates a  distinctive 
product. 


da 


FABRICATING,  MACHINING,  ASSEMBLY 

Here's  the  answer  for  further  finishing  your 
molded  plastics  ...  or  complete  produc- 
tion of  your  fabricated  products: 

Decorative  Silk  Screen  Work  . . . 
Color  Fill  .  .  .  Spraying 

Grinding  .  .  .  Sanding  .  .  . 
Buffing  .  .  .  Trimming 

Lathe  Turning  . . .  Boring 
Sawing  .  .  .  Drilling  and  Tapping 

With  equipment  developed  to  specialize  on 
plastics,  modern  plant  facilities  are  avail- 
able for  all  fabricating  services. 


Exacting 
sanding,  trim- 
ming on  preci- 
sion part  for 
West  IK  y  house. 


Drilling,  polish- 
ing, assembly 
performed  on 
Boy  Scout  whis- 
tle molded  by  Su- 
perior Plastics. 


Plastics  in  Perspective 

(Continued  from  Page  18) 


CORPORATION 

4034  N.  Kolmor  Chicago  41 ,  Illinois 


believe  that  this  first  of  the  modern  plastics  is  still  being 
used  in  many  applications  with  reasonable  margins  of 
safety.  From  his  statements  you  practically  get  the  im- 
pression that  they  ignite  on  sight.  He  should  also  have 
been  more  specific  in  calling  attention  to  those  plastics 
materials  which  do  not  burn  at  all.  or  which  burn  only 
so  long  as  a  flame  is  applied  directly  and  in  its  absence 
are  self-extinguishing.  Having  mastered  one  tongue 
twister  like  pyroxylin,  he  should  have  taken  on  courage 
and  gone  on  to  the  vinyl  chloride-acetate  copolymers. 

It  would  have  been  bad  enough  if  this  leaflet  was  dis- 
tributed only  within  the  fire  department.  But  a  condensed 
version  was  released  to  the  press.  The  resultant  brief 
notice  looked  like  it  had  been  written  by  a  cub  reporter 
who  wandered  off  his  usual  beat  and,  in  his  Wilful 
ignorance  of  plastics,  thoroughly  garbled  a  well-in  formed 
talk  by  the  Fire  Commissioner. 

Commissioner  Reilly  certainly  had  the  best  of  inten- 
tions. We  cannot  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  BoMon's 
tragic  night  club  fire  gave  the  city  a  bad  case  of  jitters. 
Hut,  we  must  expect  more  caution  from  a  respon>il>le  pub- 
lic official.  The  commissioner  chose  a  most  opportune 
time  to  prepare  his  guide  now  that  plastics  are  coming 
into  general  use  and  foreshadow  so  many  new  develop- 
ments. It  is.  therefore,  all  the  more  regrettable  that  he 
did  not  take  pains  to  make  the  result  less  deplorable.  He 
owes  it  to  himself  and  his  inspectors,  as  well  as  to  the 
people  of  Boston  and  the  plastics  industry,  to  issue  a  re- 
vised edition  of  the  December  15  "Guide  for  Inspectors," 
immediately.  Despite  the  paper  shortage,  it  would  be  a 
ream  of  mimeograph  stock  well  spent.  END 

Furfural  Resins 

(Continued  from  Page  63) 

with  cresol  have  yielded  some  resins'3'.  The  general  pro- 
cedure is  to  treat  the  corn  cobs  with  an  excess  of  cresol 
and  then  remove  the  unreacted  cresol  by  vacuum  after  the 
resin-forming  reaction  had  been  completed.  In  further 
work  along  the  same  lines.  >ulfur  monochloride  proved 
more  effective  than  hydrochloric  acid  as  a  catalyst. 

Phenol  or  cresol  furfural  resins  prepared  with  the  aid 
of  alkaline  catalysts  generally  employ  some  hardening 
agent  to  assist  cure  at  the  time  of  molding  or  laminating. 
One  of  the  best  known  of  these  is  hexamethylenetetraminc 
(CH,),,X4.  Hexa  is  produced  by  the  reaction  of  formalde- 
hyde with  ammonia.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  there  is  a 
product  formed  from  ammonium  hydroxide  and  furfural, 
also  useful  as  a  hardening  agent.  This  product  is  hydro- 
furamide.  which  has  a  melting  point  of  115°  to  120°  ('  and 
is  used  as  a  fungicide. 

Condensations  of  urea  with  furfural  proceed  with  the  for- 
mation of  deep  black  resins.  At  present  commercial  exploi- 
tation of  such  resins  has  not  ensued,  though  resinification 
takes  place  readily  enough.  The  products  of  reaction  of 
urea  and  furfural  tend  to  be  friable  and  brittle,  though  end 
products  are  much  dependent  upon  conditions  of  catalysis. 
The  mechanism  of  urea-furfural  resinifications  has  been 
the  subject  of  much  study,  particularly  with  acid  cata- 
lysts*41. On  the  basis  of  experimental  results,  the  polymer- 
ization reaction  proceeds  with  the  formation  of  difuryl- 
dimethylol-urea  and  subsequent  rearrangement  to  difuryl- 
dimethylene-urea,  as  with  the  urea- formaldehyde  resin. 

Aniline-furfural  resins  are  also  readily  prepared,  though 


110 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


a*ide  from  laboratory  investigations  they  have  not  attained 
commercial  importance  as  yet.  Aniline-formaledyhde  types 
liaxc.  however,  found  importance  in  developing  various  in- 
sulating laminated  products. 

Among  other  synthetic  resins  prepared  with  formalde- 
hyde, which  can  and  have  been  prepared  with  furfural  are 
the  aldehyde-modified  polyvinyl  alcohols.  These  products 
are  well  known  industrially  as  insulating  materials,  safety 
ijla-*  interlayers.  and  textile  coverings.  Using  less  than 
25%  furfural,  polyvinyl  furfural  has  been  prepared  by  the 
action  of  furfural  upon  a  suspension  of  polyvinyl  al- 
cohol151. 

Other  Furfural   Derivatives 

Among  the  various  derivatives  of  furfural  which  have 
warranted  particular  attention  by  the  plastics  industry  are 
fiiran.  furfuryl  alcohol,  and  tetrahydrofurftiryl  alcohol. 
These  are  described  in  Table  3.  Furan  may  be  prepared 
by  passing  vapors  of  furfural  over  CaO.Ca  (OH).,  at  350° 
to  550°C(*'.  Furfuryl  alcohol  is  prepared  commercially  by 
high  pres>ure  hydrogenation  in  the  presence  of  a  copper 
chromite  catalyst,  and  tetrahydrofurfuryl  alcohol  is  pre- 
pared by  further  hydrogenation. 

The  most  reactive  chemical  from  the  standpoint  of  self- 
re>inification  is  furfuryl  alcohol,  while  the  least  reactive  is 
tetrahydrofurfuryl  alcohol.  However,  a  number  of  im- 
portant esters,  useful  as  plasticizers,  have  been  prepared 
from  tetrahydrofurfuryl  alcohol.  These  plasticizers  have 
been  employed  in  conjunction  with  various  cellulosic  and 
vinyl  plastics  materials. 

Various  hydrolyzed  wood  products  developed  at  the  For- 
e-t  Products  Laboratory  (Madison,  Wis.)  have  depended 
u]xui  furfural  as  a  plasticizer  to  convert  the  materials  over 
to  useful  molding  compositions.'7'  A  formula  which  ex- 


TABLE    3.— Furfural    Derivatives 

Boiling 

Point 

Malarial  Daniity       (*C) 


HC- 
II 
HC 


HC 

II 

HC 


-CH 
II 
CH 

CH 

II 

C— 


C|H(O Furan 


0.936 


31 


H,C CH, 

JK       \"- 
V 


H 

-COH 
H 


H 

C  —  OH 

H 


Furfuryl 

alcohol          1.13     167-177 


CsHioOi-     Tetrahydro- 
furfuryl 
alcohol    .     1.052     170-180 


hibits  good  molding  and  flow  properties  cmi«i>ts  of: 


INGREDIENT 

Acid  hydrolyied  tawduit 

(Lignin   enriched   celluioto) 
Aniline   .     . 
Furfural 
Watar 
Lubricant 


PARTS 


100 
I 

I 
2 
0.5 


Acid  hydrolyzed  cellulosic  materials  from  sugar  beets, 
nut  shells,  and  other  sources,  can  be  developed  into  mold- 
able  materials  by  the  same  technique.  Aside  from  its 
function  as  plasticizer  in  the  lignin-enriched  cellulose,  fur- 
fural, as  well  as  furfuryl  alcohol,  will  dissolve  converted 
lignin  obtained  as  a  by-product  of  sulphite  waste  liquors 
from  paper  mills.  This  solvent  action  is  often  a  convenient 


A     SPECIALIZED     PLASTIC 


mm 

\ /L  _FL_      A    r    p    A  l\      v L_TL r 


FOR  ELECTRICAL   AND   INDUSTRIAL   USES 


HIGH  TENSILE  STRENGTH 
HIGH  DIELECTRIC  VALUE 

Of  i  -|n  c  i.il  iiil.  re  -I  fnr  III' 
molding  of  rlrrtriral  applian- 
ces insulators  knobs  patn  I-. 
itorkets  rlc. 

Mlmi'iiii    \iiliiinl  Color, 
Golden  Brown  50%  —  In- 

create  in  All  Strength 

factor* — Obtained  in  Lami- 

nali-il  anil  f-'illi-tl  l-'tirm* 


CIBA  PRODUCTS  CORPORATION,  77  RIVER  ST.,  HOBOKEN,  H.  J. 


•:KKI;ARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


111 


The  thermometer's  mercury  is  always 
fully  visible  to  tell  us  the  state  oi  the 
weather. 

The  most  complicated  mechanism  oi  your 
product  becomes  clearly  visible  when 
viewed  as  a  TRANSPARENT  PLASTICS 
MODEL. 

Such  models  tell  their  story  without 
words,  saving  explanation  and  discus- 
sion, and  are  now  being  used  by  repre- 
sentative companies  in  practically  every 
branch  of  manufacturing. 

All  work  is  done  to  precise  specifications. 

INJECTION-COMPRESSION- TRANSFER     MOLDS 


STRICKER  BRIMHUBER  CD. 


HOBALITE 

for 

NOBBED   MOLD   DIES 

A  GOOD  SINKING  IN  1935 

TODAY 

PERFECT  CAVITIES  ARE  NOBBED 

12*  x  6"  x  2"  Dtep— 10'  Dia.  x  3'  Deep 


The  plastic  molding  industry  grows  in  leaps  and 
bounds.  We  had  to  improve  Hobalite  at  that  pace.  March, 
1939,  closed  a  long  period  of  research  and  checking  under 
actual  hobbing  conditions,  proving  we  had  improved  hobability, 
reduced  porosity,  and  improved  reaction  to  heat  treatment. 

The  hobbed  cavities  in  Hobalite  have  that  perfect  finish 
which  gives  high  lustre  to  the  molded  part.  Properly  case- 
hardened  and  heat  treated  it  withstands  a  pressure  of  82 
Tons  Per  Square  Inch. 


A  complete  stock  of  all  standard  sizes  carried 
in  our  Chicago  Warehouse  for  immediate 
shipment. 

ESTABLISHED  1911 


2945   W.   HARRISON   STREET  •  CHICAGO    12,  ILLINOIS 

Branch  Offices  and  Warehouses: 

1316  So.  Dockland,  Calumet,  Mich.  •    14643  Meyers  Read,  Detroit  27,  Mich. 

4SO  W.  Saulh  St.,  Indianapolis  4,  Ind.  •  3731  W.  Highland  Blvd.,  Milwaukee  I, 

Wis.  .1617  North  7th  St.,  St.  louls  6,  Mo. 


way  of  introducing  lignin  into  resin-forming  reactions. 

Furfuryl  alcohol  and  hydrolyzed  lignocellulose  are  indi- 
cated as  a  useful  combination^.  About  33  to  43%  lignin 
range  is  preferred  with  a  moisture  content  of  2  to  4%. 
Flow  properties,  however,  were  shown  to  be  greatly  de- 
pendent on  the  moisture  content  and  percent  of  lignin. 
END 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

(i)   "Chemistry   of  the   Polysaccharides"-H.   Pringsheim-McGraw   Hill   Co. 
New   Tork,    1732. 

ill  P;  N°v?tnV  *°  J-  S-  Stokes— U.  S.  Patent  No.   1,705,495-6   (3/19/29) 
!    ?'  &  S^e?n?/TU-   S'   Patent  No-   1.797,559   (3/24/31). 
,l(  D-» Magnini-^ Vol.  Sci.  Facolta.    Chim.  Ind.  Bologna— 1940.  No.  1-2    29-34 
ffi  ?,ntc  Pafent  No"  483'223  to  E«'man  Kodak  Co.   (4/8/38). 
!rJ  ..>'./     ?  «•      -  "•  2.337,027— Cass  to  E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  (12/21/43) 
R  1709      Plastics   as    Developed   at    F.P.L."— Sherrard— Beglinger— Hahf— 

(S>  ii-   &   Pat5nLNo--  2',3«.570   (7/27/43)    R.   Katzen,    R.   Plow.    E.   Olson  to 
Northwood   Chemical   Co. 


Know  the  Ureas 

(Continued  from  Page  40) 


color.  For  this  reason,  they  are  widely  used  for  drug  and 
cosmetic  closures  and  containers.  Quite  resistant  to  weak 
alkalies,  such  as  soap  and  borax,  but  only  fairly  so  to  weak 
acids.  Strong  acids  and  alkalies  exert  a  markedly  dele- 
terious effect.  Impervious  to  oils  and  greases,  making 
them  ideal  materials  for  containers  for  salves  and  creams 
having  bases  of  grease  and  oil.  Comparatively  resistant  to 
the  elements. 

EFFECT  OF  HEAT: — Urea-formaldehyde  resins,  being  infus- 
ible and  high  in  nitrogen  content,  will  not  support  com- 
bustion, but  will  deteriorate  and  lose  color  at  high  tempera- 
tures. 

STRENGTH  : — Although  urea-formaldehyde  resins  are  ex- 
tremely light  materials,  they  possess  strength  quite  out  of 
proportion  to  their  weight. 

MISCELLANEOUS: — Urea-fonnaldehyde  resins  are  tasteless, 
odorless  and  inert,  and  may  be  used  safely  in  conjunction 
with  food  and  other  palatables.  They  are  not  recommended 
for  uses  involving  continued  contact  with  water,  except 
under  mitigating  circumstances. 

While  present-day  urea-formaldehyde  resins  vary  some- 
what in  their  physical  properties,  the  table  on  page  40  de- 
scribing a  material  produced  by  a  leading  manufacturer 
may  be  taken  as  representative.  END 


New  inhaler  molded  from  "Beetle"  urea  formaldehyde 


112 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Tooling  Information 
{Continued  from  Page  80) 


changes  as  desired,  without  the  terrific  costs  or  time  and 
labor  involved  using  present  tooling  materials  and  meth- 
od. The  use  of  plastics  in  the  body  of  an  automobile 
it-rli  will  make  it  possible  to  use  more  plastics  tooling, 
and  within  the  next  10  years  the  present  types  of  tooling 
metals  will  be  in  the  minority. 

Understanding  Tooling  Plastics 

In  addition   to  centralized,  complete   and   authoritative 

information  on  the  use  of  plastics  in  industrial  tooling,  the 

:li   of   this   trend   must   be  nurtured  on   a   thorough 

understanding  among  end-use  industries  of  the  nature  of 

plastics  materials  themselves.     With  this  in  view,  the  au- 

will  elaborate  on  the  nature  and  application  of  the 

thermoplastics,  examining  the  roll  which  these  materials 

can  play  in  a  well-organized  program  of  industrial  tooling. 

The  range  of  tooling  thermoplastics  can  be  broken  down 
into  the  following  classifications :  Cellulosics,  polystyrenes, 
polyvinyls,  vinylidene  chlorides,  polyamides  (Nylons), 
acrylates  and  synthetic  rubbers. 

Of  these,  the  cellulosics  group  may  be  stressed  as  per- 
h.tp-  the  most  important  at  the  present  time,  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons:  Cellulosics  are,  generally  speaking,  the 
least  susceptible  to  temperature  changes,  especially  in  the 
lower  ranges.  This  means  less  dimensional  distortion 
and  applies  particularly  to  the  ethyl-cellulose  compounds. 

All  three  cellulosic  materials — cellulose  acetate,  cellulose 
acetate  butyrate  and  ethyl  cellulose — are  superior  to  the 
thermosetting  resins  for  this  same  basic  reason. 


The  ethyl-cellulose  formulas  are  capable  of  variable  in- 
creases or  decreases  in  physical  characteristic  to  produce 
higher  impact  results  or  changes  in  flexibility  and  other 
physical  values,  merely  by  the  addition  of  plasticizers  and 
other  modifying  agents.  None  of  these  changes 
loss  to  other  properties  in  the  process.  Kthyl-ccllulose 
may  be  used  over  and  over  again  by  itself  or  with  the 
addition  of  new  materials  in  the  re-melt,  without  any  ap- 
preciable property  degradation.  This  is  one  more  out- 
standing advantage  over  the  thermosetting  resins.  By 
being  thermoplastic,  all  the  cellulosics  save  many  man- 
hours  in  re-molding  and  this  re-use  reduces  the  material 
cost  beyond  comparison. 

Ethyl-cellulose  materials  are  perhaps  the  toughest  of 
all  the  tooling  plastics,  and  for  this  reason  comprise  IIKI-I 
of  the  plastics  tools  produced  to  date.  This  does  not  mean 
that,  for  certain  specific  needs,  other  types  of  plastics 
will  not  make  successful  tools.  That  they  have,  is  a  mat- 
ter of  record.  The  production  records  of  successful  ethyl  - 
cellulose  tools,  however,  indicate  that  for  an  all-purpose 
material,  ethyl-cellulose  compounds  are  the  answer.  This 
point  is  pretty  well  established  when  you  consider  that 
the  cellulosics  represent  about  70%  of  the  volume  of  rigid 
thermoplastics  and  about  30%  of  all  plastics.  The  latter 
figure  takes  in  the  thermosetting  compounds  as  well  as 
the  thermoplastics.  In  view  of  the  stringent  restrictions 
relating  to  ethyl-cellulose  materials  during  this  war  period, 
(reserved  for  aircraft  tooling  purposes  almost  100%), 
the  figure  of  30%  is  attributable  in  a  large  measure  to  the 
over-all  abilities  of  ethyl-cellulose  plastics. 

Drop  hammer  punches  are  a  good  example  of  thermo- 
plastics tooling  to  study,  not  because  of  their  importance 
in  the  tooling  picture,  but  because  of  the  complicated 


^tfj^rfs^ 


*m   n    m»"u'     ,V\00*.  A,C^W> 

\e°A  r  c  *^£5  ^aVC  V^  '  '  ' 
tpectfc      .iroo^»^     .w\e^N 


C  C  U  R  A  T  E 


MOLDING 
CORPORATION 


132    NASSAU    STREET 


BROOKLYN.    N 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


113 


KRIEGRODIP 


"Kriegr-0-Dip" 

FLUER-O-PLAS     K 

A  new  dye  solution  of 
FLUORESCENT  quality  to 
be  used  under  BLACK 
LIGHT!  Used  successfully 
on  any  type  of  Plastic 
material,  transparent  or 
opaque.  Specifically  de- 
sired (or  Dials,  Medical 
Equipment,  Novelties. 

Other 
"KRIEGR-0-DIP"  Dyes 

Four  standard  feature 
QUALITY  Plastic  Dyes  now 
available  under  the  trade 
name  of  KRIEGR-O-DIP. 
The  "S"  formulae,  stand- 
ard chemical  dye;  "A"  ior 
Cellulose  Acetate -Tenite; 
"W"  liquid  dye  used  in 
hot  water;  "V"  tor  Poly- 
sty  rene-Viny  lite.  KRIEGR- 
O-DIP  dyes  are  used  for 
coloring  LUCITE  —  PLEXI- 
GLAS  —  TENITE  —  CELLU- 
LOSE ACETATE  —  CELLO- 
PHANE —  POLYSTYHENE- 
VINYLITE.  Easy  to  use, 
dyeing  in  clear  transpar- 
ent shades,  pastel  or  deep, 
controllable  at  all  times. 

14  Shades-All  Colors  fnfermixable 

Exteiuively  uud   by  Plutie    Mtnufwturert  «nd   those  In  the  Plutie   Induitry. 
Sold  Throughout  the  United   States.     For   Prieei  Md   Added   Information,  writ*— 

KRIEGER    COLOR    &    CHEMICAL    COMPANY 

established    Since    1920 

Manufacturers   of   "KKIIGR-O-DIP" 

Tel.  Hillside  7361  6531   Santa  Monica  Blvd. 

Member  of  the  S.P.I.  Hollywood  38,  Calif. 


PLASTIC 
SPECIALISTS 


INJECTION 

AND 

EXTRUSION 

MOLDING 

ALSO 

FAB  R  I  C  ATI  N  G 

• 

The    GEMLOID    CORP. 

79-10   ALBION    AVENUE 
ELMHURST,    L.  I.,    N .  Y.u 


procedures  which  are  generally  involved  in  their  manu- 
facture. 

It  is  readily  admitted  that  the  use  of  plastics  materials 
for  drop  hammer  punches  and  dies  has  not  been  such  as 
to  command  full  acceptance  by  industry.  However,  this 
application  is  far  superior  to  common  metals  in  many 
cases.  In  fact,  it  has  been  proven  that  plastics  punches 
will  out-perform  steel  punches  as  regards  fracturing  of 
material  in  certain  forming  operations.  The  difference 
in  weight  in  favor  of  plastics  is  another  advantage, 
ranging  from  70%  to  90%  less,  as  compared  to  Zamac 
and  antimonial  lead. 

This  weight  saving  also  reduces  man  power  fatigue, 
from  the  standpoint  not  only  of  ease  in  handling,  but  also 
of  time  consumed  in  effecting  set-ups  per  job.  The  ac- 
tual time  saved  in  making  a  plastics  punch  as  compared 
to  the  metals  used,  is  a  matter  of  progress,  with  improve- 
ments occurring  every  day.  Difference  in  pouring  tem- 
peratures, lower  in  cases  of  plastics  tools,  also  is  a  time- 
saving  as  well  as  heat  and  power  saving  factor. 

When  the  first  plastics  punches  for  drop  hammer  work 
were  tried,  it  was  found  that  the  punch  fractured  after 
about  100  pieces  were  run.  This  wasn't  bad,  but  it  was 
a  long  way  from  being  considered  successful.  Now,  we 
point  with  pride  to  the  fact  that  plastics  punches  have 
produced  a  matter  of  7,200  pieces  before  recasting  becomes 
necessary. 

Modifications  in  the  ethyl-cellulose  formulas  have  been 
responsible  for  the  differences  thus  far,  and  it  seems  en- 
tirely reasonable  to  expect  even  greater  advances.  How- 
ever, the  figure  of  20,000  seems  to  be  about  the  limit  to 
expect  from  plastics  punches,  which  is  far  from  long-run 
production,  for  instance,  as  experienced  in  the  automotive 
field.  Whether  or  not  this  question  of  long-run  produc- 
tion is  ever  answered  successfully  is  not  important  in  the 
plastics  tooling  program,  as  there  are  many  other  uses 
which  do  not  involve  long  runs  that  are  of  equal  signifi- 
cance. 

Thousands  of  smaller  dies  and  tools  for  formulation 
purposes  will  be  required  by  private  industry  in  recon- 
version, and  plastics  tooling  ,is  going  to  be  the  medium 
that  will  make  it  possible  to  re-convert  almost  over  night. 
No  other  material  will  be  able  to  match  its  record  in  this 
respect.  The  ease  of  casting  and  machining  and  the  re- 
molding possibilities  of  ethyl-cellulose  compounds  will 
earn  for  them  a  place  in  permanent  tooling.  This  is  an 
accomplished  fact  now  and  in  no  wise  depends  on  the 
success  or  failure  of  plastics  tooling  in  the  drop  hammer 
field. 

Mold  Shrinkage 

In  any  discussion  of  the  physical  properties  of  tooling 
plastics,  we  come  to  the  important  consideration  of  mold 
shrinkage.  Three  factors  that  help  in  controlling  tolerances 
in  relation  to  mold  shrinkage  are :  1 .  The  cold  mold 
shrinkage  properties  of  the  material ;  2.  Preheating  of 
the  mold  before  casting  and  subsequent  curing  observa- 
tions; and  3.  Shrinkage  scale  allowances. 

Many  failures  in  producing  plastics  tools  to  the  toler- 
ances expected  in  molding  operations  too  often  depend  on 
the  acceptance  of  physical  properties  as  set  up  by  the 
manufacturer  without  local  testing  to  check  these  figures. 
It  should  be  apparent  to  any  tool  or  plastics  engineer  that 
no  two  production  batches  of  plastics  materials  will  be 
identical  in  their  physical  properties.  Therefore,  in  all 
tooling  manufacture,  it  is  best  to  run  some  laboratory 
analysis  of  the  material  before  attempting  close  tolerance 
operations. 

Attention  should  be  paid  to  those  physical  properties 
affecting  cold  mold  shrinkage,  and  allowances  made  for 


114 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


any  deviations  detected.  This  should  be  standard  pro- 
cedure wherever  new  and  old  materials  are  combined  in 
the  melt.  These  precautions  are  not  necessary  for  all  types 
of  plastics  tooling-,  but  only  where  the  cold  mold  shrink- 
age tolerances  are  less  than  .006"Vin.  In  other  instances, 
controls  can  be  effected  in  casting  techniques,  curing 
methods  and  prevention  of  moisture  absorption  variables. 
In  regard  to  laboratory  control,  attention  should  be 
focused  on  the  following  physical  properties  as  a  method 
of  standardizing  tests  in  setting  up  a  standards  medium 
or  manual : 

Specific  gravity 

Specific  volume  (cu  in   Ib) 

Softeninq  point  (ASTM — ring/bell) 

Pour  point 

Time  limits  (molten  state) 

Room  temperature  working  conditions 

Hardness  (Brinnell,  Rockwell) 

Compressive  strength  to  failure  (Ib  in) 

Compressibility  under  1500  psi  load  (in   in) 

Reset  value  (recovery,  2000  Ib    10  min) 

Impact  strength   (Izod,  ft-lb   in") 

Fleiural  strength  (psi) 

Cold  mold  shrinkage  (in/in) 

Preheat  mold  shrinkage  (in/in) 

Curing  methods — shrinkage  (type) 

Effect  of  inserts  on  shrinkage  (type) 

Effect  of  inserts  on  strength  (type) 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi) 

Water  absorption  (%,  48  hr) 

Resistance  to  chemical  reacients  (according 
to  ASTM  Standards,  1942,  part  3,  "Non- 
metallic  materials,"  p.  1214) 

These  characteristics  should  be  shown  in  the  following 
terms:  Range  (in  some  cases  the  possible  and  safety 
range),  grade,  minimum  or  maximum,  acceptable  value, 
and  type  of  tool  for  which  used. 

After  a  complete  charting  of  the  above  physical  char- 
acteristics, consideration  should  be  given  to  the  question 
of  the  best  types  of  plastics  tooling  to  which  each  material 
is  suited.  Generally  speaking,  ethyl-cellulose  will  produce 
any  type  of  plastics  tool  desired,  with  only  refinements  of 
cost  and  ease  of  manufacture  being  responsible  for  devia- 
tions to  other  types  of  plastics. 

Successful  plastics  tools  made  from  ethyl-cellulose  for- 
mulas include: 

Drop  hammer  punches  and  dies 

Router  and  bandsaw  jigs 

Checking  gages 

Assembly  jigs 

Drill  jiqs 

Millina  fixtures 

Draw  dies 

Stretch  press-form  dies 

Rubber  press-forming  blocks 

Granted  that  your  choice  of  material  for  your  plastics 
tooling  needs  has  centered  around  ethyl-cellulose,  the 
following  considerations  may  be  further  elaborated: 

Type  of  melting  equipment 
Direct  fire  or  indirect  fire 
Gas,   electric   or   Eutetic   salt    (electronic   heating   still 

in  the  experimental  stage) 
Material  best  suited  for  melting  kettle 
Size  and  shape  of  kettle 
Portable  or  stationary  type 
Type  of  valve  or  outlet 

Size  of  valve  and   method  of  independent  heating  of 

this  unit 

Molding   Processes 
Mold  Materials: 

Plaster,   sand,    metal,   or   sample   part   with   plaster 
backing 

PLASTER  MOLDS: — These  are  made  from  plaster  of  paris, 
hyilrocal,  asbestos,  metal  casting  plaster,  clay,  or  mixtures 
involving  combinations  of  the  foregoing  materials.  Sur- 
f:uT  preparations  for  the  molds  involve  parting  compounds 
and  vapor-trapping  solutions,  such  as  Vitra-Carlite,  Vitra- 


. . .  and 

Armour's  Abrasives 

Can  Help  Make 

Them  Better 


In  plant  after  plant  exciting  new  products,  war-born 
processes,  old  items  radically  re-designed  are  coming 
off  the  drafting  boards. 

Their  making  will  require  the  final  abrasives  and 
abrasive  techniques.  And  here's  where  Armour's  will 
gladly  help  ...  in  demonstrating  the  right  abrasive 
and  the  right  method  for  doing  that  particular  job. 

In  facing  a  moulded  shape  or  removing  flashing 
lines,  you  can't  beat  Armour's  abrasive  Belts  or  Discs 
for  fast,  efficient  sanding.  Where  frictional  heat  from  dry 
sanding  might  tend  to  discolor  translucent  or  light- 
colored  plastics  and  therefore  require  wet  sanding,  we 
offer  the  services  of  our  engineering  force  to  determine 
the  proper  coated  abrasive  material  for  the  operation. 

All  types  of  abrasives  are  available  in  sheets,  rolls, 
belts,  discs  and  other  special  shaped  forms  for  specific 
jobs.  So,  for  practical  abrasive  advice  write  or  call 


Armour 
Sandpaper  Works 


DIVISION  OF    ARMOUR   AND  COMPANY 
13SS   Weil    Jilt  Street,  Chicago  9,  Illinaii 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


115 


ARROW 

FOR 

INJECTION 
MOLDING 


ARROW 
PLASTICS 

COMPANY 

* 

PASSAIC 
NEW  JERSEY 


THE 

NAME 

BECKER 


Represents  a  half  cen- 
tury of  fine  craftsmanship 
and  excellence  in  engraving. 
We  invite  manufacturers 
with  post-war  ideas  to  pre- 
sent their  plastic  Engraving 
Plans  to  us.  And  when  the 
day  of  Victory  comes  we 
shall  be  prepared. 


BECKER  BROS.  ENGRAVING  CO. 

103    LAFAYETTE    STREET 
NEW   YORK    13,   NEW   YORK 


Carlite  Super  or  Black  Baking  Japan  (Hilo  Varnish  Co., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.),  and  Tygon  Primer  (U.  S.  Stoneware 
Co.,  Akron,  O.).  Two  or  three  coats  of  the  last  mentioned 
material  results  in  a  smooth  polished  casting  with  no  air 
bubbles. 

SAND  MOLDS: — In  the  use  of  sand  molds  alone,  much  has 
been  discovered  relative  to  moisture  contents  and  methods 
of  controlling  this  moisture  to  prevent  blistering  or  bleed- 
ing. Also,  refinements  in  the  molds  themselves  are  ex- 
perienced due  to  the  size  of  the  particles  of  sand  employed, 
which  may  or  may  not  be  important,  depending  on  the 
type  of  tool.  Checking  fixtures  should  not  have  too- 
noticeable  pit  marks.  If  they  do,  a  more  refined  sand 
must  be  used. 

METAL  MOLDS  : — Excellent  results  are  obtained  with  ethyl- 
cellulose  materials  when  metal  molds  are  employed,  hot  or 
cold,  which  includes  using  a  sample  part  for  the  mold  or 
pouring  directly  into  a  die.  In  cold  mold  pouring,  the 
temperature  of  ethyl-cellulose  materials  should  be  between 
400°-420°  F;  when  pouring  into  pre-heated  metal  molds, 
the  temperature  range  is  about  380°-400°  F.  END 


Cutting  Die  Costs 

(Continued  from  Page  32) 


Final  step  in  the  completion  of  the  die  was  application  of 
Plastic  Wood  to  the  male  unit  to  provide  a  flush  surface 
in  proper  registration  when  the  stamping  press  was  closed. 

Electrical  induction  heating  had  been  built  into  the  male 
unit,  with  thermostatic  control  at  100°  F,  and  wired  so 
that  the  dies  would  heat  only  when  the  press  was  open. 
As  the  press  commenced  to  close,  the  current  was  cut  off. 
Actually,  in  continued  operation,  the  dies  may  have  dropped 
as  low  as  room  temperature ;  but  this  is  not  a  disadvantage, 
for  the  only  purpose  of  the  electrical  heating  is  to  com- 
pensate for  the  possible  heat  loss  when  transferring  the 
nitrocellulose  strips  to  the  press,  and  to  avoid  too  sudden 
chilling  of  the  strips. 

The  strips  used  were  heated  to  pliability  (approximately 
275°  F)  in  the  following  manner:' 

An  aluminum  plate  was  mounted  over  two  star-shaped 
gas  burners.  On  top  of  the  aluminum  was  J4"  of  asbestos 


Close-up  showing  the  shape  and  arrangement  of  male  and 
female    dies    used    in    low-cost   stamping   of   nitrocellulose 


116 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


sheeting.    When  the  asbestos  surface  reached  a  uniform 
temperature  of  275°,  operation  commenced. 

The  plastics  strips  were  laid  on  the  asbestos,  remaining 
there  for  from  30  sec  to  1  min,  as  may  be  necessary  to 
attain  proper  softening,  elasticity  and  workability.  One 
worker  placed  the  strips  on  the  asbestos,  and  the  press 
operator  transferred  them  to  the  stamping  press  with  tongs. 
On  the  described  job,  it  was  found  that  four  strips  on  the 
heating  surface  provided  a  proper  cycle  for  uninterrupted 

through  the  stamping  operation. 
No  Deterioration 

The  press  and  dies  described  have  been  used,  at  this 
writing,  to  turn  out  100,000  stampings,  or  approximately 
15,000  impressions  per  die.  A  careful  examination  has 
revealed  no  deterioration  whatever  in  the  dies,  and  100,000 
impressions  per  die  is  a  conservative  estimate  of  potential 
life. 

The  fabricator  has  provided  against  a  possible  break- 
iloun  of  the  female  die  by  the  expedient  of  making  a  dupli- 
cate at  the  same  time  as  the  original  was  created ;  so  that 
it  would  be  a  matter  of  minutes  to  change  over.  Or,  if 
necessary,  any  breakdown  could  be  patched  or  repaired 
in  the  same  manner  in  which  the  die  was  originally  built. 

The  worst  mishap  that  could  possibly  happen  would 
require  a  complete  rebuilding  of  the  die — but  even  then, 
the  cost  involved  would  be  far  less  than  the  value  of  fitting 
time  in  repairing  any  metal  dies.  All  of  the  work  except 
the  actual  casting  is  performed  right  in  the  fabricator's 
own  shop,  thus  eliminating  dependence  on  outside  factors. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  simplicity  and  the  saving  of  this 
method  will  help  to  solve  many  production  problems,  par- 
ticularly on  small  parts  of  which  comparatively  short  runs 
on  lightweight  stock  are  required.  END 


Heat  Distortion 

(Continued  from  Page  84) 


tically  frictionless  motion.  The  contact  edge  of  the  load 
shaft  is  rounded  to  form  a  cylindrical  surface  with  a  radius 
of  ft"  and  is  in  contact  with  the  specimen  at  the  midpoint 
of  the  span.  A  collar  (P),  the  location  of  which  is  ad- 
justable on  the  load  shaft,  supports  the  dial  gage.  The 
foot  of  the  dial  gage  is  in  contact  with  a  bracket  (R) 
attached  to  a  bearing  holder.  Deflection  of  the  test  speci- 
men is  indicated  by  vertical  motion  of  the  load  shaft  rela- 
tive to  the  fixed  bracket  and  is  read  directly  on  the  dial 
gage. 

Tasting  Procedure 

The  test  specimen  is  symmetrically  located  on  the  speci- 
men supports,  after  which  the  apparatus  is  assembled.  The 
outer  copper  container,  with  load  mechanism  and  inner 
container  in  position,  is  placed  on  an  electric  heater  which 
is  controlled  by  a  voltage  regulator  (Variac)  so  that 
glycerine,  which  serves  as  the  thermal  conducting  medium 
between  the  inner  and  outer  copper  containers,  is  supplied 
with  sufficient  heat  to  raise  the  air  temperature  surrounding 
the  specimen  at  the  rate  of  1  *  F  per  min.  A  thermometer 
adjacent  to  the  specimen  is  used  to  measure  the  ambient  air 
temperature. 

It  has  been  found  advantageous  to  have  two  interchange- 
able outer  copper  containers  filled  with  glycerine.  These 
containers  can  then  be  used  alternately,  to  avoid  waiting 
for  the  hot  glycerine  used  for  the' previous  test  to  cool. 
For  routine  and  inspection  tests,  the  apparatus  may  also 
be  equipped  with  a  signal  device  to  indicate  the  heat  dis- 


I 


Kux  Preform  Presses 

THE  NEW  MASSIVE  MODEL  65  PRODUCES 
PREFORMS  3"  DIAMETER,  HAS  A  3"  DIE 
FILL  AND  APPLIES  75  TONS  PRESSURE 

This  rugged  preform  press  with  its  heavy  duty,  one-piece  cast 
steel  main  frame  will  produce  odd  shapes  as  well  as  round 
preforms.  The  pressure  applied  by  both  top  and  bottom  punches 
results  in  more  solid,  dense  preforms,  which  have  less  tendency 
to  crumble  or  break  during  handling.  This  new  Model  65  press 
is  built  to  safely  withstand  high  pressures  of  up  to  75  tons  at 
top  production  efficiency. 

Choice  of  a  complete  size  range  of  machines  in  both  single  punch 
models  and  multiple  punch  rotaries  is  also  available. 

Writ*  Dopf.  PL  for  catalog  or  demonstration 


Kux  MACHINE  COMPANY 

•  •24-44    W.    HAIIISON    ST.     •     CHICAGO     34,    ILLINOIS 


MODIl  63 


FKBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


117 


PLASTIC 
PREHEAT 
OVEN 


Provides  over  25  sq.  It. 
of  loading  area 


Has  10  roomy  drawers 
(5  on  each  end) 


Range:  ISO'  -  500    F. 

Kasily  adaptable  to  your  molding 
requirements,  this  trim,  compact 
Despatch  oven  assures  an  ample 
supply  of  properly  heated  "biscuits" 
or  preforms  for  feeding  two  presses 
at  the  same  time. 
Overall  sixe:  36"  Ji  34"  I  68".  Drawer 
dimensions:  r»  \  r>  \  l</4".  Electric. 
Sp.edy  •  Accurate  •  Convenient 


BULLETIN  TODAY! 


CUSTOM 
COMPRESSION 

PLASTICS 
MOLDING 

Write  today  for  Quotationi  on  Your   Requirements 

ALLMETAL  SCREW  PRODUCTS 

COMPANY 
PLASTICS  DIVISION 


80  GRAND  ST.      OFFICE      .  .         v      . 
53  CROSBY  ST.      PLANT      NCW  TOfK 


TEL.  CANAL  6-1171 


0.050 


32 


40  48  56 

TEMPERATURE  -  °C 


64 


72 


Fig.   3.     Methyl  methacrylate   deflection — 
temperature  curve  obtained  from  apparatus 

tortion  point.  Better  interpretation  of  the  test  data  can  be 
made  if  the  data  are  plotted  as  in  Fig.  3  above.        "Tr> 


END 


The  opinion!  or  assertions  contained  herein  are  those  of  the  writ- 
err  themselves,  and  are  not  to  be  construed  as  official  or  reflecting 
the  views  of  the  Navy  Department  or  the  Naval  Service  at  large. 
The  authors  wish  to  thank  H.  Nestlen.  of  the  Material  Laboratory, 
Navy  Yard.  New  York,  for  his  technical  advice. 

(i)Federal  Specifications  for  Plastics,  Organic,  General  Specifica- 
tions (Methods  of  Testa).  L-P-406  dated  Jan.  24.  1944. 

(2)A8TM  Designation  D648-41T-Tentatlve  Method  of  Test  for  Dis- 
tortion Under  Heat  of  Molded  Electrical  Insulating  Materials. 


B-25  Firepower 

(Continued  from  Page  34) 


tween  40  and  50  missions,  it  becomes  evident  that  the 
plastics  chutes  will  probably  outlast  the  plane. 

Fig.  1  shows  the  comparative  condition  between  the 
surface  of  the  steel  plate  mounted  on  laminated  phenolics, 
and  the  surface  of  the  rigid  steel  plate  mounted  on  the 
fabricated  steel  chute,  after  5000  rounds  have  been  ejected 
through  each.  The  deeper  scuff  marks  in  the  rigid  plate  at 
the  right  are  easily  seen.  The  steel  plate  at  the  left  shows 
less  damage  from  ejected  shells  because  the  laminated 
phenolic  sheet  from  which  the  chute  is  made  is  sufficiently 
resilient  to  absorb  a  substantial  part  of  the  rapid  intermit- 
tent shocks.  And  it  should  be  noted  that  the  saving  in 
weight  is  almost  50%. 

The  entire  floor  of  the  nose  section  is  lined  with  lami- 
nated phenolic  sheet  because  this  is  where  the  shells  fall 
from  the  chutes.  Vibration  from  engines,  gunfire,  and 
movement  of  the  plane  keep  them  in  almost  constant  motion 
and  the  laminated  sheet  prevents  their  scuffing  through  the 
skin  of  the  ship. 

In  all  there  are  52  plastics  parts  (some  of  which  are  shown 
in  Fig.  2)  in  the 8-gun  nose;  some  molded,  more  laminated, 
but  all  contributing  to  the  saving  in  weight  and  cost  of  the 
bomber.  It  is  estimated  that  half  again  as  many  parts 
would  be  required  if  metal  were  used  because  each  chute 
would  be  made  in  four  or  five  pieces  and  spotwelded,  re- 
quiring much  more  time.  The  plastics  chutes  are  made  in 
one  piece,  post-formed  in  one  operation.  While  plastics 
cost  more  per  pound  than  metal,  the  cost  of  labor  in  form- 
ing is  so  much  less  that  the  overall  saving  in  cost  approxi- 
mates 40%.  This  figure  has  been  established  by  averaging 
the  comparative  costs  on  bombers  other  than  this  one,  where 
some  300  parts  carefully  figured  showed  an  average  cost 
saving  with  molded  and  laminated  plastics  of  about  40%. 
The  saving  on  laminated  parts  alone  is  somewhat  less — 


118 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Surfaces  of  steel  plate  mounted  on  laminated  phenolics 
(left)  and  rigid  steel  plate  mounted  on  fabricated  steel 
chute  after  the  ejection  of  5000  rounds  through  each. 
Former  more  resilient  under  shock,  saves  50%  weight 

from  28  to  30%.  Savings  in  weight  often  amount  to  30- 
50%  in  the  parts  replaced. 

The  new  nose  section  can  be  installed  on  B-25's  now  in 
service  without  any  change-over  of  the  fuselage,  or  wait- 
ing for  new  airplanes  to  be  built.  It  takes  four  men  about 
one  day  to  make  the  change  and  the  section  is  designed 
so  that  it  can  be  bolted  in  place  using  the  existing  fasten- 
ing means  and  holes.  It  is  mounted  on  the  same  supports, 
and  by  meticulous  engineering  it  maintains  the  same  per- 
fect balance  of  the  ship  so  that  no  difference  in  flying 
performance  is  encountered. 

A  further  note  of  interesting  comparison  between  the 
life  expectancy  of  these  plastics  parts  and  the  total  life 
of  the  airplane  and  its  fighting  equipment  is  that  three 
sets  of  guns  will  be  used  to  one  set  of  ejector  chutes  dur- 
ing the  average  number  of  missions  the  bomber  will  fly. 
There  are  exceptions,  of  course,  and  some  B-25's  have  been 
through  150  or  more,  but  this  is  rare.  Prolonged  and  rigid 
tests  indicate  that  the  plastic  installations  in  the  B-25  are 
rugged  enough  to  stay  with  it  throughout  its  busy  life, 
whatever  that  may  be.  END 


Coating  Prevents  Scratches,  Rust 

A  new-type  protective  covering  for  glass,  metals  and 
other  materials  is  currently  being  produced  by  Duorite 
Plastic  Industries  at  Culver  City,  Calif.,  for  West  Coast 
aircraft  manufacturers.  This  product,  according  to  L.  C. 
Wilson,  general  manager,  is  a  vinyl-resinous-base  thermo- 
setting  plastics  known  as  Plastipeel. 

This  material  is  a  cold-spray  substance  similar  to  lacquer 
in  its  liquid  state,  can  also  be  applied  by  brushing  or  dip- 
ping, and,  at  room  temperature,  dries  in  about  20  min, 
leaving  an  extremely  tough  film. 

Although  normally  providing  a  transparent  film,  Plosti- 
peel  can  be  dyed  for  any  color.  It  is  said  to  prevent  cor- 
rosion, scratches,  etc.,  when  applied  to  such  materials  as 
aluminum,  magnesium,  steel  and  glass,  but  unless  it  has 
been  cured  with  heat,  it  can  easily  be  removed  from  the 
materials  to  which  it  has  been  applied,  by  peeling  it  off 
with  fingernails.  Should  this  characteristic  not  be  desired, 
the  Plosfipeel  film  can  be  made  permanent  by  heating  to 
140°  F  for  a  period  of  15  min ;  in  this  condition,  it  can  be 
removed  in  2  min  only  by  means  of  a  special  solvent. 

Plostipeel  is  described  as  an  ideal  coating  for  products 
whose  glazed  or  polished  surface  requires  extreme  care  in 
flipping.  .  END 


MR.  MANUFACTURER 

Let's  talk  about  your  machining  plastics 
problems  ...  No  matter  what  type  plastic 
.  .  .  bakelite,  polystyrene,  dialectene,  cat- 
alin,  lucite,  Plexiglas — (tolerances  held 
to  .001  inch). 

Rothco  Products  is  thriving  on  tough 
problems.  Let's  have  *  chat  about  yours. 


Rofhco  invites  your  inquiries  .  .  .  the 
tougher  the  problem  ...  the  better  we 
like  it  .  .  .  immediate  attention  anured. 


Skolkco  SWucfc 


MOLDED 

TERMINAL 
STRIPS 


COMPLETELY 
ASSEMBLED 


WITH    HARDWARE 

Available     in     lengths     from      I      to     20     terminals. 
2  Typit:  HAS  17  and  NAS  18.  Prompt  deliveries. 


7-11    ELKINS  ST..  SO.   BOSTON   27.    MASS. 
36     YEARS    OF     fLASTIC     MOLDING     EXPERIENCE 


FEBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


119 


WANTED 
PLASTIC  MERCHANDISE 


We  solicit  all  manufactur- 
ers of  plastics  merchandise 
whose  items  are  suitable 
for  sale  to  the  chain  store, 
wholesale  drug,  wholesale 
tobacco,  wholesale  novel- 
ty and  department  store 
trades,  etc.,  to  submit  sam- 
ples to  us. 

We  have  nation-wide  dis- 
tribution, and  are  pre- 
pared to  buy  substantial 
quantities  of  any  suitable 
merchandise. 

RICHARD  NOVELTY  Co. 

49     WEST     23     STREET,      N.Y.   10,    N.Y. 


ATTENTION  PLEASE! 


We  Are  Now  Ready  to  Execute 
Your  Orders  ior  High  Class  Lam- 
motions  oi  your  personal  Photo 
graphs,  also  record*,  map*,  drawings,  legal  documents,  mar 
riage  and  birth  certificates,  and  colored  prints  in  oil  or  water- 
color,  in  crystal  clear  plastic  that  lasts  indefinitely. 

All  Phones: 
LONgbeach  3734 
Day  and  Aftte  Service 


524S   NORTH  CLARK  ST.  CHICAGO  40,  ILL. 

We  bofh  feie  money  H  we  don't  do  your  laminating 


r 


Color — Handle  With  Care 

(Continued  from  Page  36) 


new  to  modern  industry,  it  has  an  ancient  foundation  in 
Nature  itself.  In  every  stage  of  their  growth,  buds,  blos- 
soms and  fruit  reveal  a  constant  harmony  with  their  stems 
and  leaves.  In  40  years  of  research,  a  noted  Scotch  illus- 
trator discovered  that  painters  and  designers  unconsciously 
follow  the  same  law  in  their  work.  Every  important  artist 
works  within  a  certain  color  range  and  tonality,  and  these 
fall  within  four  families  of  color,  design  and  texture,  each 
of  these  groups  containing  the  numberless  variations  of  the 
primary  colors  as  Nature  interprets  them  at  four  times  of 
day: 


Quanta    I. 


Quanta   2. 


The  bright,  aggressive,  radiant  colors  of  early 
morning  sunlight. 

Flowers — Geranium,  sunflower,   poppy  and  dogwood. 

Fruits     and     Vegetables  —  Orange,     strawberry     and 

tomato. 

Birds — Robin  and  bluejay. 

Famous    Painters  —  Raphael,   Van    Gogh    and    H.   C. 

Christy. 

The  vibrant,  dry,  sharp  colors  of  the  noonday 
light. 

Flowers — Lilac,   peony,   carnation  and  violet. 

Fruits    and    Vegetables  —  Grapefruit,    radish,    cherry 

and  apple. 

Birds— Bluebird  and  goldfinch. 

Famous  Painters — Michelangelo,  Renoir  and  Sargent. 


Quanta  3. 


Quanta  4. 


The  cool,  sparkling,  airy  colors  of  the  waning 
light  of  the   late    afternoon. 

Flowers— Iris,  sweet  pea   and  tiger  lily. 

Fruits    and    Vegetables — Lemon,    grape,    carrot    and 

pear. 

Birds — Cardinal   and   peacock. 

Famous  Painters— Botticelli,  Turner  and  Grant  Wood. 

The  deep,  rich,  mellow  colors  of  sunset  and  its 
afterglow. 

Flowers— Magnolia,   pansy,   chrysanthemum   and   gar- 
denia. 

Fruits    and    Vegetables  —  Beet,    plum,    banana    and 
peach. 

Birds — Parrot  and  pheasant. 

Famous    Painters — Rubens,    Rembrandt    and    Maxfield 
Parrish. 

Howard  Clark,  director  of  Quantacolor,  cites  the  fol- 
lowing examples  of  how  the  system  is  put  to  use : 

1 : — A  widely-known  industrial  designer  recently  agreed 
that  the  Quanta  3-color  group,  if  strictly  adhered  to,  incon- 
testably  tends  to  make  small  stuffy  rooms  appear  cooler 
and  more  spacious.  Even  the  so-called  "hot"  colors  of  this 
range  seem  to  separate  walls  to  a  greater  degree  than 
analogous  colors  from  any  of  the  other  three  ranges. 
(Quanta  1  can  be  used  to  achieve  precisely  the  opposite 
effect  without  time- wasting  guesswork  in  advance.) 

2: — The  decorator  of  a  Boston  restaurant  found  upon 
checking  with  Quantacolor  officials  that,  while  six  of  the 
products  in  his  scheme  (i.  e.,  paints,  linoleum,  furniture 
covers,  etc.)  were  all  Quanta-4  colors,  the  seventh  item — 
a  bar  made  of  Formica,  chosen  by  another  pair  of  eyes — 
was  a  No.  3  orange.  He  related  how  customer  after  cus- 
tomer complained  that  the  bar  was  the  one  sour  note  spoil- 
ing an  otherwise  engaging  effect !  The  objection  was  of 
course  to  the  color,  not  the  material.  Had  it  been  of  the 
right  color,  it  would  have  made  the  whole  room  stunning. 

3: — The  very  first  painting  test  made  on  turret  lathes 
in  a  large  war  production  plant  won  the  ready  endorse- 
ment of  shop  superintendents,  foremen  and  operators  alike, 
the  point  being  that  Quantacolor  standards  made  prelimi- 
nary studies  of  particular  shades  unnecessary. 

4: — One  of  the  country's  leading  department  stores, 
Scruggs,  Vandervoort  &  Barney,  St.  Louis,  has  altered  its 
entire  home  furnishing  department  to  present  the  merchan- 
dise in  Quanta-coded  fashion.  The  floor  is  laid  out  in 


120 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


Home  furnishing  section  of  Scruggs,  Vandervoort  4  Barney,  St. 
Louis  department  store,  showing  Quantacolor  arrangement.  In 
front  of  the  Quanta  panels  in  background  are  sliding  trays  on 
which  samples  of  color-coded  merchandise  have  been  mounted 

a  great  circle,  divided  into  four  quarters.  Around  a  cen- 
tral fixture,  each  quarter  has  two  of  the  Quanta  panels  on 
display,  and  around  these  are  grouped  prints,  chintzes, 
figured  and  plain  fabrics,  upholstery  damasks,  textured 
goods,  leatherette,  casement  cloth,  taffetas,  satins  and  trim- 
mings— each  quarter  showing  the  colors  of  one  of  the 
Quantas.  Each  piece  of  goods  carries  a  tag  and  its  Quanta 
number— Red  No.  1;  Yellow  No.  2;  Green  No.  3;  Blue 
No.  4;  and  all  the  signs  and  show  cards  are  done  in  the 
same  color.  Price  does  not  enter  into  the  groupings — that 
is  done  entirely  on  a  color  basis. 

The  Quantacolor  system  was  first  applied  in  the  drapery 
and  upholstery  department,  and  it  proved  so  practical  that 
the  -tore  extended  it  to  the  whole  home  furnishing  depart- 
ment. According  to  E.  J.  Mertens,  who  had  charge  of  this 
transformation,  it  has  resulted  in  increased  customer  self- 
selection,  improved  personnel  morale,  reduction  in  visual 
confusion,  more  multi-unit  sales,  and  comments  from  cus- 
tomers on  the  wider  assortment  of  merchandise — when  in 
fact  stocks  were  at  an  all-time  low.  Better  balanced  stocks, 
especially  from  the  point  of  view  of  color,  created  the  illu- 
sion of  more  varied  goods  on  the  floor. 

6: — As  a  final  example,  posters  for  a  national  distiller 
illustrated  the  efficacy  of  the  Quanta- 1  palette  as  an  ideal 
eye-catcher,  even  at  considerable  distances.  (The  charac- 
teristic action  of  Quanta-1  being  contrast — though  often 
quite  subtle — it  is  an  excellent  group  of  colors  for  street 
windows,  packaging  and  other  forms  of  display.  The  Q-2 
action  may  be  termed  neutralization,  while  that  of  Q-4  is 
mellowing.) 

These  examples,  among  numerous  others,  demonstrate 
the  value  of  Quantacoding  as  a  correlation  device.  The 
public  inevitably  responds  unfavorably  to  visual  discords. 
The  four  Quanta  palettes  consist  of  shades  that  are  pleas- 
ing together  because  of  their  truly  natural  relationships. 
Mix  the  palettes  and  confusion  at  once  results,  as  wit- 
nessed by  records  of  slow-selling  items  of  multi-colored 
merchandise.  Any  reduction  in  visual  confusion  promotes 
successful  merchandising  for  it  permits  the  free  exercise 
of  personal  tastes.  Yes,  in  the  final  analysis,  our  eyes — 
not  our  minds — decree.  END 


TO  YOUR  PROBLEM 

The  secret  of  success  in  plastics  is  in  knowing 

the  right  plastic  to  use  for  the  job  at  hand. 

Many  items  are  practical  to  make  in  plastics 

for  those  who  have  the  "know  how."  •  Your 

work  at  Magnetic  Plastics  is  custom  moulded 

from  plastics  best  suited  for  the  job.  •  Ask 

us  to  help  you  see  what  plastics  can  do  in 

your  business.  Just  send  photo,  sample  or 

specifications,  and  we'll  tell  you  quickly 

if  it  can  be  made  in  moulded  plastics. 


THE  MAGNETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 


1900   EUCLID   BLDG. 


CLEVELAND   15,   OHIO 


AS   a   textile   thread,   SARAN  BY   NA- 
TIONAL  possesses   qualities   which 
point  to  unlimited  uses  of  this  versa- 
tile plastic  in  the  field  of  fabrics. 

For  such  products  as  automobile  seating, 
upholstery,  luggage,  draperies  —  SARAN 
BY  NATIONAL  offers  its  colorful  beauty, 
amazing  durability,  ease  of  cleaning,  re- 
sistance to  abrasion  and  to  chemicals  of 
nearly  every  type. 

National  Plastic  will  gladly  work  with 
you  in  studying  the  application  of  SARAN 
to  whatever  product  you  are  planning  for 
the  future.  Detailed  information  and  sam- 
ples of  SARAN  will  be  sent  you  on  request. 


nnrmnflL  PLBSTIIXPRGDUCTS 


ODENTON,   MD. 


FKBRUARY   1945 


PLASTICS 


121 


NAMES*  DESIGNS 

TRADEMARKS 


"GREAT  BRITAIN"  Technical  Director  of  large 
British  Paint  and  Chemical  Manufacturer  producing  all  types 
of  Paint,  Varnish,  Synthetic  Resins  and  Synthetic  Drying 
Oils,  and  raw  materials  for  the  Plastics  industry,  is  now  in 
the  U.  S.  A.  and  would  be  happy  to  receive  proposals  from 
U.  S.  Manufacturers  wishing  to  negotiate  licenses  for  devel- 
oping new  products  in  British  Empire.  Please  address  all 
replies  in  triplicate  to  Box  12, 

e/o  PLASTICS,  540  N.  Michigan  Aye.,  Chicago  II,  Illinois 


FOR 
SALE 


New,  Used  and  Rebuilt 

Hydraulic  Presses,  Pumps,  Accumulators,  etc. 

lor  Plastic  &  Rubber  Industries 
Highest  Prices  Paid   for  Your  Surplus  Equipment 

UNIVERSAL  HYDRAULIC  MACHINERY  COMPANY 

285  Hudson  Street.  New  York  13.  N.  Y. 

Walker  5-5332-3 


DRAFTSME  N  —  WITH  EXPERIENCE 

WANTED  TO  TRAIN  FOR  PLASTIC  MOLD  DESIGNING.  VITAL 
WAR  WORK  WITH  EXCELLENT  POSTWAR  OPPORTUNITY. 
WRITE  IN  DETAIL  TO:  PRO-PHY-LAC-TIC  BRUSH  CO. 
ATTN.  PERSONNEL  MGR.  FLORENCE,  MASS. 


ROUTER  BITS— FORM  CUTTERS  and 
MACHINES  for  HIGH  SPEED  CON- 
TOUR and  STRAIGHT  CUTTING  PLASTICS 

Smd  for  Catalo,  No.  43 

EKSTROM,  CARLSON  &  CO. 

1410  Railroad  AT*.  HOCXFOHD,  ILL. 


Designing    Pumps 

(Continued  from  Page  70) 


Again,  when  applications  so  demand,  functions  of  the 
solenoid-pilot  operated  control  and  variable  pressure,  auto- 
matic unloading  control  can  be  obtained  from  one  unit. 
Here,  the  mechanism  operated  by  means  of  the  solenoid- 
pilot  to  achieve  remote  control  is  mounted  to  the  right  of 
slide  block  and  the  variable  pressure,  automatic  unloading 
control  to  the  left  of  slide  block.  Whenever  the  pressure  at 
port  "A"  reaches  the  control  setting,  the  automatic  unload- 
ing control  takes  precedence  over  the  solenoid  pilot  con- 
trol and  reduces  the  pump  stroke  to  a  point  just  sufficient 
to  maintain  the  pre-set  pressure  on  the  system. 

Solenoid-Operated  Duplex 

By  modifying  the  standard  solenoid-pilot  operated  con- 
trols slightly  and  applying  them  to  duplex  pumps  equipped 
with  variable  pressure  and  automatic  unloading  controls 
(Fig.  4),  essential  functions  required  on  a  line  of  high 
production  injection  molding  machines  were  obtained. 
Pumps  of  this  type  provide  full  radial  piston  pump  volume 
for  rapid  advance  of  a  speed  type  clamping  ram,  and 
decelerated  speed  as  dies  close.  While  a  separate  small 
constant  delivery  radial  piston  pump  with  adjustable  relief 
valve  maintains  the  desired  clamping  pressure,  the  com- 
bined volumes  of  the  large  gear  pump  and  radial  piston 
unit  provide  rapid  advance  of  injection  ram,  a  pre-set 
volume  for  positive  injection  ram  speed,  variable  pressure 
control  to  regulate  the  injection  tonnage,  automatic  reduc- 
tion of  pump  delivery  when  the  pre-set  pressure  is  reached, 
and  full  radial  piston  pump  volume  to  return  injection 
and  clamping  rams  rapidly. 

The  schematic  diagram  in  Fig.  5  shows  the  variable 
delivery  duplex  pump,  two  3-position  solenoid-pilot  oper- 
ated four-way  valves,  a  mechanically-operated  two  way 
valve,  a  solenoid-pilot  operated  prefill  valve,  and  a  constant 
delivery  radial  piston  pump  as  incorporated  into  the  fluid 
power  system  of  each  of  a  modern  line  of  injection  mold- 
ing machines.  Each  size  of  machine  is  equipped  with  a 
duplex  unit  of  sufficient  capacity  to  provide  the  maximum 
clamping  and  injection  ram  speeds  necessary. 

Manual  or  automatic  operation  is  provided  through  a 
selector  switch.  Electric  timers,  limit  switches  and  sole- 
noid actuated  pilot  operators  control  the  sequence  of  ma- 
chine operation. 

In  brief,  the  automatic  cycle  of  operation  is  as  follows: 
Operator  closes  guard  gate  which  closes  valve  "C"  and  ac- 
tuates a  limit  switch  to  start  the  automatic  cycle.  Full  vol- 
ume from  the  duplex  radial  piston  pump  flows  through  valve 
"D"  to  small  non-differential  cylinders,  which  move  injec- 
tion platen  against  pre-set  collars  and  contact  bushing 
against  injection  nozzle.  Oil  from  the  same  pump  also 
flows  to  the  small  cylinder  in  clamping  ram  to  move  large 
clamping  ram  and  die  forward  rapidly.  Oil  from  the  reser- 
voir prefills  the  large  clamping  cylinder  through  valve 
"G".  Adjustable  spiral  slots  in  small  clamping  cylinder 
ram  gradually  permit  the  pump  flow  to  enter  the  clamping 
cylinder,  and  decelerate  clamping  ram  speed  before  dies 
are  closed.  As  a  pre-set  pressure  is  maintained  on  the 
clamping  ram  by  the  small  constant  delivery  radial  piston 
pump,  a  timer  energizes  a  solenoid  on  valve  "E"  to  direct 
the  full  volume  of  the  radial  piston  pump  and  large  gear 
pump  in  the  duplex  unit  to  injection  cylinder.  Injection 
ram  moves  forward  rapidly  an  adjustable  pre-set  distance 
and  then  automatically  slows  down  to  a  pre-set  injection 
speed  as  large  gear  pump  volume  is  by-passed  and  pump 
control  reduces  volume  of  the  radial  piston  unit  a  pre- 
selected amount.  The  variable  pressure  control  on  pump 


I 


122 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


regulates  the  injection  tonnage  while  a  tinier  limits  the 
time  that  injection  tonnage  will  be  maintained  on  the 
material.  Control  on  the  pump  automatically  reduces 
pump  stroke  and  power  input  when  the  pre-set  injection 
pressure  is  reached.  The  timer  energizes  a  solenoid  on 
valve  "K"  to  direct  full  volume  of  the  large  radial  piston 
pump  to  ram  end  of  injection  cylinder  and  return  ram 
rapidly.  Another  timer  energizes  a  solenoid  on  valve  "D" 
to  relieve  the  clamping  pressure  and  direct  the  duplex 
radial  piston  pump  volume  to  ram  end  of  clamping  cylinder 
and  small  injection  platen  cylinder.  Discharge  of  the  oil 
from  the  clamping  cylinder  is  partially  restricted  to  pro- 
vide a  slow  "break-away"  of  the  injection  platen  and  the 
dies.  As  soon  as  the  dies  have  parted,  prctill  valve  "G" 
opens  and  clamping  ram  returns  rapidly.  At  a  pre-set 
point  the  duplex  pump  volume  is  by-passed  through  valve 
"E"  to  reduce  clamping  ram  return  speed.  At  another 
pre-set  point  the  small  constant  delivery  pump  volume  is 
by-passed  through  valve  "D"  to  stop  clamping  ram.  When 
gate  is  opened  both  pump  volumes  are  by-passed  through 
valve  "C".  Closing  gate  starts  another  cycle. 

Compression  and  transfer  molding  presses  using  in- 
dividual fluid  power  pumps  represent,  from  an  operating 
standpoint,  the  most  economical  installation.  Each  press 
is  an  independent  unit,  it  may  be  operated  without  re- 
gard to  other  presses,  the  pressure  is  adjustable  to  suit 
the  individual  job,  there  are  no  long  pipe  lines  and  the 
press  can  be  installed,  as  desired,  in  the  most  convenient 
place. 

The  inverted  (push-up)  press  shown  in  Fig.  3  is  equipped 
with  a  one-way  variable  delivery  duplex  pump  having  a 
variable  pressure  automatic  unloading  control.  A  man- 
ually operated  four-way  valve  controls  the  direction  of 
ram  movement.  Combined  volumes  of  the  duplex  pump 
provide  a  high  closing  speed.  When  a  pre-set  low  pres- 
sure is  reached,  the  large  gear  pump  volume  is  by-passed. 
Radial  piston  pump  closes  the  dies  securely  and  main- 
tains a  pre-set  high  pressure  on  die  during  the  compres- 
sion or  transfer  molding  operation.  Pull-back  cylinders 
return  die  to  unloading  position  at  high  speed.  Pressure 
on  main  ram  can  be  varied  to  suit  work  performed  with- 
out affecting  the  maximum  pulling  pressure  on  pull-back 
cylinders.  By  installing  a  pilot  valve  and  simple  cam, 
the  large  gear  pump  volume  can  be  by-passed  at  a  pre- 
set distance  rather  than  on  pressure.  If  hydraulic  servo- 
motor control,  remote  push-button  control  or  a  combination 
of  controls  is  preferred,  one  of  the  other  pumps  previ- 
ously described  can  be  used.  Variations  in  cylinder  design 
and  the  type  of  cycle  required  are  factors  to  cons'der  when 
ting  a  pump. 

Conclusion 

In  closing,  it  would  be  advisable  to  introduce  a  new, 
small,  constant  delivery  radial  piston  pump  which,  in 
design,  is  the  forerunner  of  a  proposed  comprehensive  line 
of  post-war  constant  and  variable  delivery  pumps,  motor? 
and  variable  speed  transmissions.  This  small  unit,  flanged 
to  a  3  hp  1750  rpm  electric  motor,  delivers  approximately 
\Yt  gal  of  oil  per  minute  at  pressures  up  to  3000  psi  for 
maintaining  a  pre-set  clamping  pressure  on  injection  mold- 
ing dies.  Thousands  of  variable  delivery  pumps,  constant 
displacement  motors  and  variable  speed  transmissions 
similar  to  this  new  design,  are  now  supplying  accurately 
controlled  variable  speed  for  traversing  turrets  on  com- 
bat vehicles  and  for  training  anti-aircraft  guns. 

Even  as  modern  controlled  fluid  power  has  proven  to  he 
the  best  solution  to  many  unique  power  transmission  prob- 
lems on  these  and  other  widespread  applications  essential 
to  the  speedy  prosecution  of  this  war,  so  can  it  prove  to  be 
the  logical  solution  to  problems  confronting  the  designers 
and  users  of  post-war  molding  equipment. 


TENSILE  TESTER 

For  roundi,  flats,  or  special  shapes  of  any  type  material. 
Handles  TENSILE,  COMPRESSION,  TRANVERSE,  or  SHEAR 
tests  with  accuracy  and  ease.  Motorized  or  hand  operated. 
Supplied  In  7  different  capacities  from  O-2SO  Ibs.  up  to 
0-1O.OOO  Ibi.  Maximum  hand,  self-aligning  grips,  portable. 
Not  Injured  by  overload  or  shock.  America's  most  popular 
low  priced  tester!  Deliveries  only  10  to  14  days. 
Wtlll  fOt  ILLUSTtATlD  lOOKlET 


W.C.DILLON  SCO.,  me 


MM    WEST  HARIISON  ST. 
CHICAGO  44.  ILLINOIS.  U.S.  A. 


ADJUSTABLE  FLY  CUTTER 

Two  models  cut  quick,  clean,  accurate  holes  within  a 
2Vt"  to  10"  range,  up  to  1"  thick.  Cross-section  of  cut 
has  appearance  of  letter  "W"  with  each  blade  taking 
out  its  own  side.  Unique  angles  at  which  blades  are 
held  and  new  grinding  technique  on  high-speed  steel 
cutting  blades  prevent  chatter.  Shank  is  heat-treated. 
Removable  pilot,  hardened  and  ground,  permits  use  of 
lead  drills. 

Wrife  'or  compltit  catalog.  P-2-FC 


VJJO  SANTA   MONICA   BOULEVARD 


BIVERIY   HILLS    CALIFORNIA 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


123 


IF  YOU  WANT  OUTLETS 
CONTACT  US 

Anything  pertaining  to  Smokers  Articles 
or  General  Merchandising  and  Novelties 

*     *     * 

We  Contact  Jobbers  and  Chain  Store  and 
Department  Stores  from  Coast  to  Coastl 

(Wm    (Till   Carry    Our    Own   Account*    II   N*e*iimrj) 

M.  B.  SIECEL 

ASSOCIATES 
FACTORY  REPRESENTATIVES  AND  DISTRIBUTORS 

160  N.  WELLS  ST.  CHICAGO  6.  ILL 


NEW     •     USED 
REBUILT 


MACHINERY 

For  the  Plastic   Molding-Rubber-Chimiul-Wood  and  Metal  Working  Indui'rin. 

SPECIAL     OFFERING 

1  N>iv  Eemoo  6'  X  12"  laboratory  Mill,  Complete  with  Variable  Speed  5-Hr 
AC  Motor  Drive,  and  All  Latest  Featurei.  Machine  Just  Received  From  Fac- 
tory, Ready  for  Immediate  Shipment. 

HYDRAULIC    EQUIPMENT    SPECIALS 
1 — New   157   Ton   Bobbins;   Pren,    and    1— New    400  Ton    Hobblng    Presl.    12* 
Daylight.  Hardened  Steel  Anvils.    Each  Complete  with  Either  Hand  or  Power 
Driven   Pump  with  Necessary  Piping  and  Accessories. 

4— Buckeye   400  Ton  Presses.  20"   x   38"  Platens.  6'-8"  Daylight.    18"   Warn. 
X   3'-6"  Stroke  Up  Moving   Hams.   Steel  Cylinders.   4000   Ib.    WP. 
1 — John   Robertson   Company  Triplex   Vertical    Hydraulic   Pump. 
114*  x    5".   *  OTV.   5000   Ib.   WP.  Convertible  to  1H'  x   5". 
r.'i    IlI'M.    ilOim    II. ,    \\\:    Ktti-niM    ):,.,)    1'laie   fur   Slli-nt    flialii 
Motor  Drive. 

Other  Sizes   Presses.   Pumps,  Accumulators,  Preform  Machines. 
Grinders,  Machine  Tools,  Etc. 

INDUSTRIAL    EQUIPMENT    COMPANY 

873  Broad  Street  Newark  2,  N.  J. 


WANTED:    TOOL    ROOM    FOREMAN 

Experienced  in  plastics,  capable  of  handling  men,  laying  out  and  organ- 
izing work,  and  keeping  within  established  cost  ranges.  Good  salary  and 
excellent  future  with  established,  progressive  and  growing  West  Coast 
firm. 

BOX  7,  c/e  PLASTICS 

540  N.  MICHIGAN  AVE.,   CHICAGO   11,  ILLINOIS 


TECHNICALLY  TRAINED  SALES  MANAGER— 

Qualified  to  build  or  strengthen,  by  modem  methods,  a  untrt.  hard  hlttinn. 
technical  wlcs- force  and  support  It  with  proper  advertising  and  promotion. 
I  have  a  B.8.  In  Chcm.itir  and  ten  years  of  good,  successful  experience  In 
selling,  as  an  advertising  manager  and  as  a  sales  manager.  I'll  gladly  give 
you  the  whole  story — summary,  photo,  and  full  details  If  you'll  just  write 

Box    II,  e/o  PLASTICS 
540  N.  Michigan   Ave.,  Chicago    11,   Illinois 


•    PRODUCT    DESIGNER 

barge  Plastics  Manufacturer  specializing  In  extrusion  and  injection  moulding 
seeks  top  notch  designer  with  proven  record  for  developing  new  products.  Alert 
personality:  approximately  35 — 40  with  good  knowledge  of  engineering  funda- 
mentals ^referred.  Location  New  York  City.  Equitable  salary.  Write  In 
detail  to 

Box    73,   c/o   PLASTICS 
540   N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago   11,  Illinois 


PRODUCT  DESIGN 

Furnishing  the  Industry  with  Original 
Styling    in    Practical    Plastic    Design 

ARTHUR  SWANSON 


540  N.  Michigan  AT*. 


and  Attoriatti 


CHICAGO  11.  ILL. 


Laminate  Applications 

(Continued  from  Page  24) 


laminated  materials  are  employed  in  their  construction. 
Also,  these  materials  can  be  applied  to  advantage  as 
wainscoting,  especially  because  price  reductions  may  be 
anticipated  in  the  post-war  period,  that  will  allow  more 
extensive  use  in  moderately  priced  installations.  The  ma- 
terials may  also  be  veneered  on  plywood  or  wall-board. 

Manufacturing  Laminates 

In  the  manufacture  of  laminates,  the  binder  materials 
consist  of  synthetic  resins  dissolved  in  various  solvents. 
Most  important  of  these  materials  are  the  thermosetting 
resins :  Phenol  formaldehyde,  urea  formaldehyde  and  mela- 
mine  formaldehyde.  Lately  an  additional  thermosetting 
type  of  resin  has  come  into  use,  namely  the  allyl  alcohol 
resins  which  have  some  fine  qualities  all  their  own.  They 
allow  molding  and  laminating  structural  plastics  without 
the  application  of  more  than  contact  pressure  and  the 
usual  degree  of  heat.  This  permits  lower  cost  tooling. 

Thermoplastic  resins  have  also  recently  been  employed 
because  they  are  the  tougher  group  of  resins,  and  laminates 
incorporating  them  have  shown  exceedingly  high  impact 
strength.  In  this  group  are  cellulose  acetate,  ethyl  cellu- 
lose, cellulose  acetate-butyrate,  the  vinyls  and  polystyrene. 
Vinyl  resins  and  cellulose  nitrate  have  been  in  use  in  single- 
ply  construction  for  many  years  in  the  coated  cloth  field. 

The  filler  materials  used  may  be  based  on  any  one  of  a 
number  of  reinforcing  fibres — 

WOOD:  Plywood,  paper  and  pulp 

COTTON:  CoHon  duck,  sheeting,  etc. 

MINERAL  FILLER:  Asbestos-paper  and  asbestos-cloth 

ARTIFICIAL:  Glass  and  rayon 

Wood  fibre  may  be  used  in  the  form  of  wood  veneers,  as 
in  the  construction  of  the  compressed  wooden  propeller, 
or  it  may  be  supplied  as  paper.  Where  high  strength  is 
required,  kraft  papers  in  bleached  or  unbleached  form  are 
used  extensively,  while  the  alpha-cellulose  type  of  paper 
is  especially  desirable  for  the  decorative  group  of  materials. 

Papers  applicable  to  the  manufacture  of  laminated  plas- 
tics must  be  uniform  across  the  width  of  the  sheet  and 
from  beginning  to  end  of  the  roll,  both  as  to  weight  per 
square  foot,  and  caliper.  They  must  be  free  from  exces- 
sive wildness  and  must  be  unsized  or  slack  sized.  A  highly- 
finished  paper  will  not  absorb  the  resins  properly  and 
will  delaminate.  The  acidity  or  alkalinity  of  the  paper  is 
very  important  because  it  has  an  influence  on  the  curing 
characteristics  of  the  resins. 

The  next  class,  cotton  fabric  fillers,  must  also  satisfy 
a  broad  range  of  specifications  in  order  to  be  satisfactory 
for  incorporation  in  laminated  plastics.  The  fabrics  run 
from  2  to  16  oz  per  square  yard,  and  occasionally  heavier. 

Heavy  sheetings  are  used  where  good  machining  is  re- 
quired in  the  ultimate  product.  For  gear  stock,  heavier 
fabrics  such  as  Army  duck,  Osnaburgs  or  flat  duck  (single 
filling  or  double  type)  are  used.  The  sizing  content  of  the 
fabric  used  has  an  important  bearing  on  the  water  re- 
sistance and  strength  of  the  ultimate  material. 

Asbestos  paper  and  fabric  fillers  are  being  used  in  in- 
creased volume  by  the  laminating  industry.  They  are  of 
especial  importance  where  heat  resistance  is  a  prime 
requisite  and  are,  therefore,  normally  combined  only  with 
resins  that  have  a  very  high  heat  resistance,  generally  a 
phenolic.  The  asbestos  is  also  highly  desirable  where  low 
moisture  absorption  and  therefore  high  dimensional  sta- 
bility are  desired. 

Glut*  fibre  fabrics  contribute  extreme  strength,  heat  re- 
sistance, and  very  high  electrical  resistance  properties. 


124 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


[  The  electrical  industry  uses  this  type  of  plastics  laminate 

almost  exclusively  for  slot  sticks,  ground  insulation  and 

high  temperature  insulation.    A  glassmat-base  board  has 

I  been   developed    which   allows   punching   thin    insulating 

1  washers,  commutator  segment  insulation,  etc. 

Combining  Resin  and  Filler 

The  resin  and  filler  selected  are  combined  in  an  imfreg- 
tutor.  Here  the  filler,  which  usually  comes  wound  in  rolls 
or  folded  in  stacks,  is  pulled  through  a  bath  of  the  liquid 
varnish,  while  the  amount  of  resin  per  square  foot  is  con- 
trolled either  by  the  use  of  squeeze  rolls  or  doctor  blades. 

The  second  portion  of  the  impregnator  consists  of  a 
drying  oven  employing  circulating  hot  air  and/or  infra- 
red lamps  in  order  to  evaporate  the  solvents  and  advance 
the  resin  partially,  in  preparation  for  subsequent  molding 
operations.  At  the  dry  end  of  the  oven,  the  materials  are 
re-rolled  for  storage,  or  are  cut  and  stacked  flat  in  cases 
where  it  is  known  that  sheet  stock  and  moldings  rather 
than  continuously  wound  tubing  is  required.  This  points 
to  another  important  diversification  in  the  manufacture  of 
laminates:  They  are  produced  in  the  form  of 

( 1 )  flat  sheet  stock, 

(2)  wound  tubing  or  rod,  or 

(3)  moldings  using  tailored  banks  or  macerated  impreg- 
nated stock. 

The  production  of  sheet  stock  is  accomplished  by  taking 
a  pre-determined  number  of  sheets  (which  may  be  one  or 
a  number  of  different  grades  of  material)  sandwiching 
them,  and  subsequently  curing  in  very  large  hydraulic 
presses  under  heat  ranging  from  265"  to  340°  F  and  pres- 
sures ranging  from  500  to  2000  psi.  The  time  cycles  vary 
considerably,  as  they  are  regulated  by  the  thickness  of  the 
material  to  be  cured.  These  thicknesses  may  vary  all  the 
way  from  -rV"  finished  thickness  to  3",  and  by  the  use  of 
electronic  heating  thicknesses  up  to  12"  have  been  cured 
successfully.  Usually  the  sheets  are  cooled  before  removal 
from  the  press  so  that  they  will  be  perfectly  flat  and  will 
not  warp  in  subsequent  use. 

The  manufacture  of  tubing  and  rod  takes  place  on  tube 
winding  machinery  in  which  a  mandrel  of  the  inside  di- 
mensions of  the  tubing  is  employed.  The  continuous  im- 
pregnated web  is  wrapped  tightly  around  the  mandrel  until 
the  desired  outer  diameter  is  reached.  This  tubing  is  then 
brought  to  the  infusible  and  insoluble  stage  either  by  bak- 
ing in  an  oven  or  by  subsequent  molding  in  steel  molds, 
which  improves  the  surface  and  electrical  properties,  but 
is  somewhat  detrimental  to  the  mechanical  strength  of  the 
material. 

Lastly  comes  the  use  of  tailored  sheet  stock,  often  in 
conjunction  with  macerated  material  of  the  same  consist- 
ency to  make  contoured  moldings.  This  method  offers  the 
possibility  of  obtaining  by  careful  engineering  design  the 
very  best  in  strength  in  those  places  where  it  is  most 
needed. 

In  the  construction  of  gear  blanks,  for  example,  the  outer 
ring  in  which  the  teeth  are  to  be  cut,  as  well  as  the  hub, 
is  made  up  of  specially  processed  continuous  sheet  stock, 
while  the  web,  where  more  curvature  and  less  strength  is 
required,  is  made  from  macerated  material. 

An  interesting  application  of  molded  laminated  design 
are  aircraft  aileron  trim  tabs,  which  are  obtained  by  wrap- 
ping phenolic-impregnated  cloth  around  two  mandrels  in 
such  a  fashion  that  the  spar  of  the  tab  is  formed  in  one 
piece  with  the  skin  and  subsequently  molded  into  an  ex- 
tremely light  but  strong  assembly. 

There  are  many  applications  where  it  is  prefer- 
able to  machine  the  finished  product  out  of  sheet  stock, 
tubing  or  rods,  rather  than  attempt  to  mold  the  piece 
directly.  Among  the  several  reasons  for  this  is  that  the 


This  lob  wan  die 
cul  and  embossed 
on  sheet  plastic  with 
*!••!  rule  djes.  The 
coif  ol  these  dies 
ii  about  1  JO  ol 
the  cost  ol  conren 
llonal  d/es  usually 
used  /or  ilnllor 
wort. 


DIE  GUTTING  and 
EMBOSSING  with 
STEEL  RULE  DIES 

is  often  more  economical  than  using  conren 
tional  diet.  We  are  experienced  in  the  manu- 
facture of  ileel  rule  die*  and  In  die-cutting 
sheet  plastics. 

Heat  embossing  on  sheet  plastics  is  another 
of  our  services  to  the  Industry.  Consult  us  on 
your  next  lob.  Quick  and  reliable  service. 

LANSKY  Die  Catting  Co. 


194  Greene  Street 
NewYorklJ.N.Y. 


OBe  mercy 
7-72*7-1-* 


at  its 


CONTINENTAL'S  precision  molding  has 
consistently  met  the  high  requirements, 
the  high  production  schedules,  of  war 
and  civilian  manufacturers. 

Your  order  would  be  handled  in  the 
same,  highly  efficient  manner.  Experi- 
enced personnel  and  production  "know- 
how"  guarantee  precision  .  .  .  accuracy 
.  .  .  exact  adherence  to  your  specifica- 
tions. 

We  can  handle  the  complete  lob  in  our 
own  plant.  Including  making  of  the  dies. 

Call    us    today    for    a   speedy   quotation. 


CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 

308  West  Erie  St.         SUPerior  8474 
CHICAGO  10,  ILL. 


FEBRUARY  1945 


PLASTICS 


Advertiser  Advertising   Agency  Page 

Accurate  Molding  Corporation Rothichild  Advertising  Agency \\J 

Airtronici   Manufacturing   Co West-Marquis,   Inc. 

Allmetal  Screw  Products  Company.  Jasper,   Lynch  ft   Fishel,   Inc 

American   Flange   ft   Manufactur- 
ing  Co.,    Inc Freiwald   4  Coleman,   Advertising 

American   Phenolic   Corporation Evans  Associates,   Inc 

Amos  Molded  Plastics Sidener   *   Van   Riper,   Inc 

Arrow    Plastics   Company The  Powerad  Company 

Armour  Sandpaper  Works Foote,   Cone   &    Belding _ 

Auburn  Button  Works  Incorporated  Charles  L.  Rumrill  ft  Company 

Becker  Bros.   Engraving  Co Schacter,   Fein  &   Lent 

Boonton   Molding   Company A    J.  Slomanson  Associates,  Inc. 


8? 
118 

...  53 

17 

....  20 

Hi 

IIS 

107 

116 

A 

Henri   LeMothe  Agency 4th  Cover 

Walter  J.Gallagher, Advertising  2nd  Cover 


.The  Sriswold-Eshleman  Co 7 


Brilhart,    Ltd.,   Arnold. 

Catalin    Corporation    

Chemical   Division, 

B.  F.  Goodrich  Company- 
Chicago  Molded   Products 

Corporation  _ Almon  Brooks  Wilder,  Inc —  W 

Ciba    Products   Corporation Cory  Snow,   Inc. _ HI 

Clark,  Company,  Robert  H West-Marquis,   Inc 123 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc .United  Advertising  Agency 37 

Continental   Can   Company,    Inc Batten,  Barton,  Durstine  ft  Osborn,  Inc.  56 

Continental   Machines,   Inc Weston-Barnett,    Inc 71 


Continental    Plastics   Corp. 

Cook,    Inc.,    Lawrence    H. 

Design    Service    Co 

Despatch   Oven   Company 

Dillon   ft  Co.,   Inc.,  W.   C 

Dow   Chemical    Company,   The. 
Durite    Plastics,    Incorporated 
Ekstrom,    Carlson   ft    Co... 


..Jim  Duffy  Company.  Advertising 125 

George  T.  Metcalf  Co.  127 

...Thomas  D.  Pantz  Co 33 

Harold  C.  Walker  118 

123 

.    MacManus,  John  *   Adams,   Inc 47 

Lawrence    I.   Everting - 91 

..... _ 122 

Electric '  Auto-Lite   Company,   The.  Ruthrauff   *    Ryan    Inc.,   Advertising  38 

Federal   Telephone   and   Radio 

Corporation    __ Marschalk   I   Pratt  Co »» 

Felsenthal    S    Sons.    6 _ Lleber    Advertising    Co W 

Gemloid  Corp.,  The 114 

General   Industries  Company,  The. Fuller   »   Smith   ft   Ross   Inc.  45 

Gering    Products,    Inc — M.  C.  Diedrlch - _ 101 

Girdler   Corporation,   The Roche,  Williams  ft  Cleary,   Inc 12 

Hawley    Products    Company     81 

Hercules  Powder  Company  Fuller  t  Smith  S  Ross  Inc 5,  8S 

House    of    Plastics  Charles   Oswald  103 

Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Co.,  The The  Jay  H.  Malsh  Company 

Industrial   Arts,    Inc. _ 108 

Industrial  Equipment  Company 124 

Kearney  t  Trecker  Products 

Corporation   Klau-Van    Pletersom-Dunlap   Associates, 

Inc 15 

Kingsley  Gold  Stamping 

Machine   Co Continental  Advertising   Service  122 

Kirk  Molding  Company,  F.  J Cory  Snow,   Inc _ _ _....I27 

Krieger  Color  S  Chemical  Co.        Warren  P.  Fehlman  Adv.  Co 114 

Kuhn  ft  Jacob  Molding  S  Tool 

Co Eldridge-Northrup.   Inc 105 


Advertiser 

Kun-Kasch,   Inc.   

Kux    Machine    Company 

Lansky  Die  Cutting  Co.  

Leommster  Tool  Co.,   Inc 

Mack    Molding    Company 

Magnetic  Plastics  Co.,  The 

Marblette  Corporation   

Metaplast    Company 
Molded    Products   Company 
Morse  Twist  Drill  ft  Machine 

Company   

Mosinee  Paper  Mills  Company 

McAleer    Manufacturing    Co. 
National   Plastic   Products 

Company  

New  York  Air  Brake  Company, 

The   

Northern   Industrial   Chemical 

Company   

Owens-Corning    Fiberglas 

Corporation    

Pennsylvania  Coal   Products 

Company   — - 

Plaskon  Division  of  Libbey-Owens- 

Ford    Glass    Company 

Plastic    Finishing    Corporation 

Plastiques  Laboratories,  The 

Plax  Corporation,  The 

Pro-phy-lac-tic   Brush  Co. 

Radio  Receptor  Company,  Inc 

Rayon   Processing  Co.  of  R.   I., 

Inc _ _— 

Richard  Novelty  Co. 


Advertising  Agency  Page 

Klrcher,   Lytle,   Helton  ft  Collett If 

Kuttner  t   Kuttner 117 

Aldridge  ft   Preston,  Advertising 

.Cory  Snow,    Inc 

George  Homer  Martin,  Advertising 

Gregory  Advertising,   Inc 

..James    Perlowin    

Sam   J.   Gallay   Advertising 
.  Cruttenden  ft  Eger,  Advertising _  ; 

Horton-Noyes  Company  ye 

.Klau-Van   Pietersom-Dunlap   Associates, 

Inc _ __    e 

....L.   Charles   Lussier,   Inc _|0» 

The  Joseph  A.  Wilner  Company 

Charles   Daniel   Frey,  Advertising 
Agency  


The   Callaway  Associates 
Fuller  ft  Smith  ft   Ross   Inc. 


..121 


..NT 


Meldrum  ft   Fewsmith,   Inc 

Jack  Strausberg  

Charles    BruneJIe    ..!"L"Z~I"IZ" 
Shappe-Wiikes    inc7ZZZ"I 
Richard    Thorndike    ... 


Rohm  ft  Haas  Company 

Rothco  Products  

Sav-Way   Industries  _ 

Slegel   Associates,   M.   B 

Stokes  Machine  Co..  F.  J 

Strieker  Brunhuber  Co. 
Swanson  S  Associate!,  Arthur 
Tennessee   Eastman   Corporation    .. 

TInnerman   Products,   Inc. 

TrI-State   Plastic   Molding 

Company   

United  Screw  ft  Bolt  Corporation 
Universal  Hydraulic  Machinery 

Company  

Victory    Plastics   Company 
Western   Shade   Cloth   Company, 

The 
Worcester  Moulded  Plastics 

Company  — 

Ziv  Steel  ft  Wire  Co. 


Newell-Emmett  Company  

Rothschild  Advertising  Agency 
Florei.   Phillips  ft   Clark,   Inc 


McLain   Organization,    Inc 

Aldridge  ft   Preston,  Advertising.. 


Fashion    Advertising   Co.,    Inc 

The  White  Advertising  Company.. 

Jack  Strausberg  ..  . 

Fred  W.   Meliis  Advertising 


James   Thomas   Chirurg    Company. 
Hardy   Advertising   


C.   Jerry  Spaulding,   Inc 3rd  Cover 

112 


highly  expensive  and  extremely  intricate  molds  would 
be  required  for  certain  parts,  whose  cost  could  not  possibly 
be  amortized  on  the  quantity  required. 

This  issue  of  economics  is  too  often  overlooked  in  the 
plastics  industry.  There  are  many  instances  where,  start- 
ing from  sheet  stock  in  one  form  or  another  and  forming, 
machining  and  assembling  can  prove  considerably  cheaper 
and  faster  than  attempting  to  mold  a  finished  part.  Another 
reason  is  that,  while  most  laminating  plants  have  quite 
extensive  fabricating  departments,  some  fabricators  desire 
to  do  this  work  in  their  own  plant.  Although  it  does  take 
a  quite  specialized  knowledge  of  the  peculiarities  in  the 
machining  of  laminated  materials,  there  are  sometimes  im- 
perative engineering  reasons,  such  as  close  tolerance  fit- 
ting, that  make  such  action  desirable. 

Machining  Techniques 

The  laminated  plastics  can  be  machined  by  any  one  of 
the  major  metal  and  woodworking  procedures.  Essentially 
what  is  required  for  proper  results  is  the  woodworking 
type  of  machinery,  capable  of  withstanding  metal-working 
conditions  as  to  power  consumption,  rigidity  and  high 
speeds. 

Inasmuch  as  such  machinery  is  only  now  being  designed, 
we  usually  find  metal  working  equipment  used  and  at  very 
high  speeds  with  carbide-tipped  cutting  tools. 

The  laminates  can  be  turned  and  bored,  threaded  and 
tapped,  milled  and  shaped,  sheared  and  punched,  and  lend 


themselves  to  very  efficient  circular  and  band  sawing.  In 
order  to  familiarize  the  reader  with  some  of  the  peculiar 
conditions  that  prevail  in  the  machining  of  the  laminates, 
some  data  will  be  given. 

On  turning  operations  a  round-nose  tool  gives  the  best 
finish,  using  high-speed  steel,  tungsten-carbide  or  carboloy 
tipped  where  mass  production  is  required.  The  clearance 
may  vary  from  30°  to  60°  with  a  rake  on  heel  and  on  toe. 
The  speeds  are  comparable  to  those  used  for  brass,  600 
fpm  being  satisfactory  when  high-speed  steel  is  used,  while 
up  to  1500  fpm  can  be  obtained  if  tungsten  carbide  tools 
are  employed.  The  feed  should  be  regulated  accordingly 
with  as  coarse  a  roughing  cut  as  possible,  and  finishing 
cuts  in  the  neighborhood  of  .010". 

It  is  very  important  that  tools  be  continuously  super- 
vised for  sharpness,  as  most  resins  have  an  abrasive  action 
and  tend  to  dull  tools  very  fast.  On  any  mass  production 
type  of  operation  it  will  be  necessary,  when  form  tools 
are  used,  to  have  a  good  sized  stock  of  identical  tools 
available,  so  that  delays  for  frequent  tool  grinding  may  be 
eliminated. 

In  drilling,  very  high  speeds  should  be  used;  for  example, 
3000  rpm  for  a  %"  diameter  hole.  This  generally  can 
be  driven  up  to  the  highest  speed  possible  without 
burning  the  material.  However,  it  is  very  important 
that  judicious  feeding  technique  be  employed.  The  drills 
may  not  be  forced  and  must  be  taken  out  frequently  to  cool 
the  cutting  edge  and  clean  away  the  chips.  Lubricant  is 


126 


PLASTICS 


FEBRUARY  1945 


not  necessary,  but  is  sometimes  helpful  on  the  larger  holes. 
High  speed  Bakelite  drills,  which  can  be  obtained  from 
the  mill  supply  houses,  give  excellent  results.  They  should 
be  ground  slightly  off  center  to  prevent  the  hole  being 
oversize,  and  also  to  counteract  overheating. 

Much  that  has  been  said  about  turning  is  applicable  to 
milling.   The  cutting  angle  of  the  tools  has  approximately 
4*  more  rake  than  for  metal,  and  one  should  preferably 
cut  down  on  the  material.    Circular  sawing,  using  carbon 
steel  saws,  with  no  set  and  hollow  ground  for  clearance, 
is  an  extremely  efficient  method  of  producing  simple  shapes. 
The  teeth  should  be  hook  shaped  and  should  average  four 
per  inch,  more  for  thinner  stock  and  where  tubing  is  to  be 
cut.     Saws  of   14"  diameter  at  approximately  3000  rpm 
jive  the  best  results,  and  here  again  the  careful  feeding  of 
the  material  against  the  saw  will  mean  very  much  in  pre- 
venting an  early  dulling  of  the  saw  and  burning  of  material. 
Most  of  the  larger  suppliers  of  these  materials  can  fur- 
)  nish  extensive  tables  on  the  best  fabricating  conditions, 
I  and  the  reader  is  referred  to  them  for  further  information. 

Forming  Flat  Sheet 

Recently  there  has  also  been  developed  a  method  of 
forming  parts  from  flat  sheet  stock.  In  this  very 

i  simple  process  stock  in  thicknesses  of  A"  to  l/i"  is  heated 
by  any  one  of  a  number  of  simple  methods,  such  as  infra- 

I  red  lamps,  oil  bath,  or  air  circulating  oven,  to  a  point 
just  below  the  blistering  stage.  This  particular  material, 

I  eu.ploying  a  special  kind  of  resin,  and  having  been  spe- 
cially treated  during  the  course  of  manufacture,  will  be- 

|  come  sufficiently  limp  and  pliable  under  the  application  of 
heat,  that  it  may  be  formed  in  simple  bends,  and  will 
allow  a  certain  amount  of  deep-drawing  into  more  compli- 

•  cated  shapes  with  no  more  than  wooden  forming  tools. 
Kl<  mirations  of  approximately  10%  lengthwise  and  cross- 

;  wise  and  40%  diagonally  are  possible,  the  limits  being 
largely  caused  by  the  particular  filler  material,  as  it  is 
perfectly  obvious  that  all  cloth  base  materials  are  limited 
in  the  amount  of  stretch  they  will  allow  and  are  usually 
best  in  a  diagonal  direction.  In  this  respect,  considerable 
work  is  now  being  done  with  laminates  employing  thermo- 
plastic resins  for  heat  forming  which  would  have  the  im- 
mense advantage  of  providing  industry  with  a  board 
that  can  be  completely  finished  in  the  laminator's 
plant  in  any  one  of  a  number  of  pleasing  colors  and  which, 
because  of  the  thermoplastic  nature  of  the  resin,  can  be 
drawn  in  more  intricate  shapes  than  the  thermosetting 
resins  on  the  simplest  type  of  wooden  forming  tools  in  the 
fabricator's  plant. 

While  at  the  present  time  these  materials  are  higher  in 
cost  than  the  thermosetting  laminates,  the  fact  that  they 
offer  less  of  a  problem  in  the  forming  operation  should 
provide  many  attractive  outlets  for  their  use  post-war. 

Conclusion 

It  is  hoped  that  this  article,  by  giving  a  bird's-eye  view 
of  the  laminating  industry  will  allow  the  reader  to  visualize 
applications  in  his  own  industry,  possibly  new  ones  that 
have  not  been  explored  as  yet.  There  is  virtually  no  end 
to  the  different  functions  that  laminated  plastics  can  fill 
successfully,  but  it  takes  an  understanding  of  their  manu- 
facturing processes  and  peculiar  properties  to  develop  such 
applications  to  which  their  economic  fabricating  procedure 
can  make  a  real  contribution. 

This  field  will  bear  careful  watching  in  the  coming  era, 
and  product  designers  will  find  it  advantageous  to  keep  in 
close  touch  with  its  continued  progress.  With  an  open 
mind  on  performance  and  costs,  we  may  confidently  expect 
the  development  of  many  unusually  successful  products  in 
the  postwar  period  by  the  engineers  of  the  laminated  plas- 
tics industry.  END 


A  PLASTIC  BACKGROUND 
FOR  YOUR  PLASTIC  FUTURE! 

Yes,  our  plastic  background  can  do  much  to  assure 

the  success  of  your  plastic  future. 

For  new  ideas  in   plastic  mold   and   tool   design, 

engineering  and  manufacture  based  on  over   25 

years'  experience  (that's  Larry  Cook's  record),  look 

to  Lawrence  H.  Cook,  Inc. 

We're  still  operating  at  full  capacity,  but  we'll  be 

glad  to  discuss  your  future  plans  with  you.   Call 

or  write  us-.    Telephone:  East  Providence  3881. 


AWRENCE  H.  COOK,  INC. 


Manufacturers  of  Plastic  Molds  A  Tools 
Massasoit  Ave.,  lost  Providence  14,  R.  I. 


RNICKETYT 


WE  ARE 


We  know  what  close  tolerances 
mean  .  .  .  that  precision  is  the 
First  Prerequisite  in  Electronics. 

KIRKMOLD    SPECIAL 

Injection  Molding  Process  for 
standard  and  made-to-measure 
parts  for  the  Electronic  Industry. 

molded  plattici  by 
•  KIRK  • 


MOLDING    COMPANY 

142  BROOK  STREET 
CLINTON  MASSACHUSETTS 


FKHRUARY    1945 


PLASTICS 


127 


oooo 


MORE  HEAT-FASTER-PER  DOLLAR 


ELECTRONIC   HIGH 
FREQUENCY    HEATERS 


Ceramics 
Food  Products 
Textiles 
Rubber 


THERMATRON  internal  heat  generation,  designed  and  per- 
fected by  Radio  Receptor  engineers,  opens  up  new  vistas 
for  the  processing  of  many  diversified  types  of  materials, 
including  .  .  . 

Plastics 

Drugs  and  Chemicals 

Wood  Products 

Paper 

.  .  .  and  enable*  them  to  be  used  for  purposes  hitherto  undreamed  of. 
THERMATRON  equipment  heats,  sterilizes,  dehydrates,  roasts,  evapo- 
rates, melts  and  bonds— faster,  better,  cheaper.  PRODUCT/ON  T/ME 
Of  HOURS  REDUCED  TO  A  FEW  MOMENTS.  Where  formerly  there  were 
imperfections  in  the  run  of  a  job,  now  every  run  is  more  nearly  perfect 
because  output  and  quality  can  better  be  controlled.  THERMATRON 
increases  profits  by  reducing  costs. 

There  is  a  THERMATRON  electric  high  frequency  heater  for  every  need. 
Standard  sizes  from  500  watts  to  30  kilowatts  output.  Units  of  special 
sizes  and  frequencies  built  to  order. 

WE   ADVISE.  .  INSTALL  .    SERVICE 

Radio  Recepfor  engineers  supervise  THERMATRON  in- 
stallation without  charge.  Field  engineers  make  periodic 
check-ups,  and  emergency  service  is  available  on  a 
nation-wide  basis.  Advice  and  consultation  on  present 
or  projected  applications  freely  available. 

Write  for  our  new  brochure  to  Dept.   P-> 


•  li€»rmrttron    Division 


RADIO  RECEPTOR  COMPANY,  INC 


2.-,  I   WEST   Illili  SI  11  HI 


M-IW    YORK   I  I.  X.  Y. 


1922      IN      RADIO      AND      ELECTRONICS 


128 


PLASTICS 


PRrNTED  IN  U.S.  A. 


FEBRUARY  1945 


We  are  not  going  far,  only  two  blocks,  but  we  ore  going  to 

increase  the  size  of  our  facilities  shortly,  by  moving  into 

and    occupying    an    entire    five   story   building.   These   added 

facilities  will  broaden  every  phase  of  our  thermoplastic 

moulding    techniques  —  with    new    machines    of    our    own 

construction  which   will   possess  injection   moulding 

capabilities   never   before   equalled,   plus  die   design,   die 

making,  and  finishing.  And  we  will  carry  over  the  one  thing  which  every 

prospective   customer    has   come   to   appreciate  —  an    ability 

to  help  answer  your  first  question  about  the  use  of  plastics. 


For  Custom  Injection 
Moulding  ...  try  the  Trio 


8    GRAFTON    STREET 


WORCESTER     8,      MASSACHUSETTS 


EAST     42nd     IT 


N  [  W      YORK 


.m 


^e'assur*  I     pU^'  fera^stt> 

(?        Lifc  V^h  £  .cf,on,  trfatioO 


436    MIDDLE  NECK   RD   •  GREAT    NECK,  N.Y.  •  Pham**  GREAT    NECK  405 


LAMINATORS 
IS         POLISH 
I(G  ROLL  MAC 


MACHINE 


p  v 

^^v 

'YDRAULIC 


IMPRESSION   MOLDrP 


9  LACQUER     DRYING 
JS  C 


PUNCH 
STAMPING 

VES      INDICATORS      CONTROLLERS      REC 
-NTRIFUGAL   LACQUER  COATERS        P,N-FRAME 
INFRA-RED   P 

" 

OF   ELAS] 

••  V 

.ORPTION  ^     J1E  STREN|C^ 

'       «   ..xi«.        -«^rM|r 

•  STS  ...T,n/p^?~ 

J  'wr'?  ^  B 

k   -v-.d  FLOW  SPECIFIC 

r      C°ATINGS      ADHES'VES     m  >ANCE  0PL> 

A       ^  pH 


,•; 


^V 


MOLDERS 
HERMAL   EXPAI 


: 


3DUCTS 


JME   Rt 


JUTYRATE       COATING  A' 

&  CHEMICAL  CHARACTERI: 


SWEDGf 


'CERS        ANGLF 


FILTERS 


CELLULOSE   ACETATES 


rMI 


MARC 


THE  GEM  OF  PLASTICS 


Will  the  coming  products  for  a  world 
at  peace  project  themselves  at  war's 
tempo?  Will  speed,  mass  production 
and  standardization  characterize  the 
future? 

In  some  degree,  yes!  But . . .  midst 
the  rush  back  into  open  competition 
and  replacement,  there  will  also  be 
the  surge  to  start  afresh— to  create- 
to  draw  inspiration  from  and  emulate 
the  masters  of  honored  achievement. 

For  those  who,  with  plastics, 
choose  the  latter  approach  to  prod- 
uct fame,  there  will  be  Catalin  ...the 
gem  of  all  plastics!  Its  incomparable 
beauty,  unrivalled  color  richness  and 
unmatchable  quality  offer  most  to 
both  the  designer  and  manufacturer. 


CATALIN  CORPORATION 


ONE  PARK  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 


CAST  RESINS   •    LIQUID  RESINS 
MOLDING  COMPOUNDS 


THE  WORLD'S  MOST  MODERN   PLANT 


DEVOTED  EXCLUSIVELY  TO  THE 


MANUFACTURE  Of 


Built  in  1940.  for,  Jhft  ttraight-line  production  ot  sell 
presses,  this  modern  H-P-M  plant  is  busily  engaged  in  building  presses  for 
war.  H-P-M  presses  for  molding  plastics  have  an  important  place  on  the 
H-P-M  production  schedule.  Although  molding  presses  are  limited  to 
essential  wartime  needs,  H-P-M  engineers  will  be  glad  to  assist  you  in 
planning  your  future  production  needs.  •  You  are  cordially  invited  to  visit 
H-P-M's  plants  in  Mount  Gilead.  Here  you  can  see  how  H-P-M  presses, 
pumps,  valves  and  controls  are  built.  If  you  cannot  spare  the  time  for  a 
visit,  why  not  call  in  an  H-P-M  sales  engineer?  He  will  be  glad  to  acquaint 
you  with  the  versatile  line  of  H-P-M  "All-Hydraulic"  molding  presses. 

THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  COMPANY    •    MOUNT  GIIEAD,  OHIO,  U.  S.  A. 

Branch  offices:  New  York,  Philodelphia,  Cleveland,  Detroit  and  Chicaso. 
Representatives  in  principal  cities. 


Ml 


WILLIAM  B.  ZIFF 
Publuhtr 

B.  G.   DAVIS 
General  Manager 

C.  H.  TIGHE 
Assistant  to  Publisher 


EDITORIAL 

MICHAEL  R.   FROELICH 

Editor 

WILLIAM  SCHACK 
East  Coast  Editor 

M.  CHURCH 

Associate  Editor 

DAVID  GOODMAN 

Associate  Editor 

LILA   SHAFFER 

Associate  Editor 

GAITHER  UTTRELL 

W rst  Coast  Editor 

FRED   HAMLIN 

Washington  Editor 

HARRY  McCORMACK 

Technical  Editor 

FRANK  ROSS 

Staff  Photographer 

KENNETH  H.  PORTER 

London  Correspondent 


ADVERTISING 

GEORGE  BERNER 
Advertising  Director 

JAMES   CERBONE 
Eastern  Advertising  Manager 

ROY  t.  UNDER 
Midwest  Advertising  Manager 

WILLIAM  L.  PINNEY 
Western  Advertising  Manager 


HERMAN  R.  BOLLIN 
Art  Director 
H.  G.  STRONG 
Circulation  Director 
H.  J.  MOHGANROTH 
Production   Director 
• 

•  RANCH    OFFICES 

NEW  YORK  (1) 

Empire   State   Blda..    H'l    7-0400 

LOS  ANGELES  (14) 
115  S.  Hill  St.,  TU  cker  9213 

WASHINGTON  (4) 
International  Blda..  EXEcittire  6900 

LONDON 
Grand  Bldgs.,  Trafalgar  Square 

TORONTO— 21 
King  Street,  East 


Depicted  on  this  month's 
cover  is  the  atomic  rela- 
tionship in  the  molecule 
produced  as  an  interme- 
diate stage  in  the  peptide 
formation  of  casein  for- 
maldehyde resins 


olasfics 


iMo      N      T      E       N 


T      S 


MARCH   1945 


VOLUME  2       NUMBER  3 


FEATURES 


Your  194?  Model 41 

Wrap    It    Up! Mel   Meyers  52 

In  the  Public  Eye 62 

Plastics  Place  in  Aviation W.  I.  Beach  70 

Boosting  Product  Quality  with  Electronic  Heat C.  C.  Brumleve  79 

Ventures  in  Decoration 84 

Color  by  Dip-Dye 88 

Tough  Tooling L.  C.  Wilson  91 

Machining  Cast  Phenolics Ned  G.   Levien  96 

Photography  Looks  Ahead • 104 

Low- Viscosity  Resins  Broaden  Plastics 

Applications  John  Dclmontc  112 

Fittings  for  Furniture Gordon  Obrig  118 

Scrap  Is  an  Asset! A.  A.  Bamberger  122 

Plastics  in  Refrigeration 126 

Harnessed  Power E.  S.  Lincoln  130 

There's  Good  Business  South  of  the  Border.  . . .  Dr.  Leonard  Ludivin  150 

Specifications  as  Production  Guides Paul  Silverstone  158 

Plastic*  ANNUAL  DIRECTORY 161 

DEPARTMENTS 

Plastics  in   Perspective 38  Literature  Review  329 

On   the  Drafting  Board 125  Books    330 

Plastics  at  Work 142  Problems  in  Plastics 331 

Capital  Report  322  Plastics  Overseas  332 

WTiat's  New  in  Plastics 325  Engineering  News  Letter 335 


L-- 


COPYRIGHT  l»« 

ZIFP-DAVIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Editorial  Offlcfs.  540  N.  Michigan  An..  Chicago  II,  III. 

PLASTICS  Is  published  monthly  by  ZifT-Darts  Publishing  Company.  540  N.  Michigan  Ate..  Chicago  11,  IU. 
SUBSCRIPTION  KATES:  In  U.  S..  Meiico.  South  and  Central  America,  and  U.  S.  Possessions.  12  Isiues  $5.00: 
24  Issues.  $8.00:  In  Canada.  12  issues,  $5.50;  24  issues.  $9.00;  In  British  Empire.  12  Issues.  $6.00.  All  other 
foreign  countries.  12  issues.  $8.00.  Subscribers  should  allow  two  weeks  for  change  of  address.  Address  all 
subscription  letters  to  the  Director  of  Circulation.  PLASTICS,  540  N.  Michigan  Ave..  Chicago  11.  IU.  Enured 
at  Chicago.  Illinois  post  office  under  Regulation  573;  acceptance  under  the  act  of  June  5,  1934:  authorized  Mar 
12.  1944.  Contributors  should  retain  copy  of  contributions.  All  submitted  material  must  contain  return  postage. 
Contributions  will  be  bandied  with  reasonable  care,  but  this  magazine  assumes  no  responsibility  for  their  safety. 
Accepted  material  Is  subject  to  adaptations  and  revisions  to  meet  editorial  requirements.  Payment  covers  all 
authors',  contributors'  and  contestants'  rights,  title  and  interest  In  and  to  the  material  accepted  and  will  be 
made  at  our  current  rates  upon  acceptance.  All  photos  and  drawings  are  considered  part  of  material  purchased. 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


From  this  single  sheet  of 

CO-RO-LITE 


pre-formed  on  a  Mandrel/  Press 


Simple  Lay-Ups  Cure 

to  Complicated  Shapes . . . 


•  Prof fit  patrnltd: 
rrfiitcrtd  in   V.  8 


Whether  you  use  fluid  pressure,  high  pressure,  flash  or 
transfer  molds,  CO-RO-LITE*— the  ready-to-mold  thermo- 
setting  compound — will  give  you  compound  curves,  deep 
draws,  angles,  channels  and  large  shells  with  marked 
economy  in  preparation,  lay-up  and  curing  time.  No  matter 
what  the  shape  or  size  of  the  piece,  CO-RO-LITE'S  long, 
resilient  rope  fibres  assure  continuous,  interlocking  re-en- 
forcement in  every  part  of  the  molding.  Re-enforcement  so 
light  and  so  tough  that  it  imparts  great  impact,  flexural, 
compressive  and  tensile  strength  in  a  wide  range  of  densities 
comparable  to  wood. 

Let  our  technical  experts  and  industrial  de- 
signers help  you.  CO-RO-LITE*  provides  valu- 
able physical,  chemical,  design  and  pilot-plant 
service.  Just  tell  us  your  problem  and  we'll  go  to 
work  on  it.  Write  today  for  our  latest  engineering 
and  manufacturing  handbook  giving  the  proper- 


tradrmnrlc 
.  Pat.  Off. 


ties,  requirements  and  advantages  of  Co-Ro-Lite*. 


COLUMBIAN    ROPE    COMPANY 

AUBURN,  "The  Cordage  City,"  N.  Y. 


Canadian   Licensee,  Canadian  Bridge  Engineering  Company  lid., 
Box    137,   Walkemlle,   Ontario,   Canada 


MARCH 


PLASTICS 


They  said  it  couldn't  be  done  —  but  the  Kuhn 
&  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Company  of  Trenton, 
New  Jersey  did  it  ...  with  Megatherm! 

All  previous  attempts  to  compression-mold  this 
heater-coupling  with  ordinary  methods  of  pre- 
form heating,  had  resulted  in  rejection  ratios  as 
high  as  99  to  1.  Because  of  its  large  size,  irregular 
shape,  and  variable  thickness,  it  posed  a  difficult 
production  problem. 

But  the  high-speed  uniform  heating  of  the 
rag-filled  resin-bonded  preform  with 
Megatherm  electronic  heat  resulted  in 


flawless  finished  couplings  with  a  smooth  surface 
and  minimum  flash  that  passed  rigid  inspection 
tests  100%. 

Here  is  another  proof  that  Megatherm  can  do 
the  job  better  .  .  .  not  only  in  production 
problems  involving  large  parts,  irregular  shapes, 
and  variable  thicknesses,  but  in  run-of-the-mill 
operations. 

And  as  a  result,  more  and  nfore  plastic  pro- 
cessors are  installing  Megatherm  '.  .  .  the 
modern  tool  for  modern  industry.  Get  the 
story  on  Megatherm  now. 


Federal  Telephone  and  Radio&rpomtiott 


INDUSTI  ELECTRONICS    DIVISION 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Want  lo  make 
something  of  it? 


With  wEOn  it's  the  combination  of  properties  that  counts 


THE  processor  who  coated  this  lightweight  fabric 
with  GEON  really  "made  something  of  it".  For  with 
the  application  of  one  of  the  GEON  polyvinyl  raw  mate- 
rials he  created  a  fabric  possessing  many  unusual  and 
desirable  properties  in  a  combination  that  was  planned 
to  meet  specific  needs. 

This  same  type  of  planning  is  possible  for  engineers 
and  designers  in  the  plastics  industry  just  as  it  is  in  the 
packaging,  paper,  textiles,  shoes,  upholstery  and  many 
others.  For  more  than  30  distinct  properties  may  be  had 
in  an  almost  unlimited  number  of  combinations.  For  ex- 


MARCH  1945 


ample,  products  made  of  GEON  may  be  made  to  resist 
water,  heat,  cold,  aging,  wear,  abrasion,  sunlight,  chem- 
icals and  many  other  destructive  factors.  They  can  be 
made  tasteless,  odorless,  non-toxic.  They  may  be  bril- 
liantly— or  softly — colored. 

This  coated  fabric  is  just  one  example  of  what  can  be 
done  with  the  GEONS.  For  in  addition  to  serving  as  a 
coating  for  fabric  or  paper,  the  GEONS  can  be  calendered 
or  cast  into  sheet  or  film.  They  can  be  extruded,  pressure 
or  injection  molded.  Products  made  of  GEON  may  be 
flexible  or  rigid.  Doesn't  all  this  suggest  some  new — or 
old— product  that  you  want  to  make  out  of  GEON? 

Right  now  all  the  GEONS  are  subject  to  allocation  by 
the  War  Production  Board.  Limited  quantities  can  be 
had  for  experiment.  For  more  complete  information  write 
Department  UU-3,  Chemical  Division,  The  B.  F.  Good- 
rich Company,  324  Rose  Building,  Cleveland  15,  Ohio. 

CHEMICAL  DIVISION 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company 

324    80S!    BUILDING      •      CLIVILAND    IS,    OHIO 

PLASTICS  7 


FRO 


UEPRINT 


TO  PRODUCT 


KLS1N 


LASTICS 


FELSENTHAL 

Injection  Molding 

Laminating 

Blanking 

Forming 

• 

Printed 
Screened 
Engraved 
Stamped 
Plain  or 

Fluorescent 

• 

in 

VINYLITE 
CELLULOID 
ACETATE 
LUCITE 
and  Similar 
THERMO- 
PLASTICS 


4124   W.   GRAND  AVE. 
CHICAGO   51,   ILL. 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


operates 

CLUTCH  HEAD  Screws  .  .  .  and  because  the  screwdriver  is  a  universal  tool  .  .  . 
there  need  be  no  "stalling"  in  the  performance  of  your  product  in  the  field. 
Even  in  the  absence  of  an  ordinary  type  screwdriver,  a  piece  of  flattened 
steel  rod  or  any  flat  blade  will  do,  the  only  requirement  being  that  the 
blade  be  reasonably  accurate  in  width.  Because  of  the  roominess  of  the 
CLUTCH  HEAD  recess,  the  thickness  of  the  blade  is  a  secondary  consideration. 
Note,  if  you  please,  that  CLUTCH  HEAD  is  the  only  recessed-head  screw  on 
the  market  that  is  specifically  designed  for  screwdriver  operation  to  elimi- 
nate field  service  "headaches"  and,  at  the  same  time,  to  give  you  all  the 
advantages  of  safer,  faster,  and  lower-cost  power  driving  on  the  assembly 
line  with  the  CLUTCH  HEAD  Type  "A"  Bit. 

Persona/  examination  will  reveal  to  you  many 
additional  economy  features  incorporated  in 
this  modern  screw.  Ask  us  to  mail  you  a  package 
assortment  of  CLUTCH  HEAD  Screws  and  sample 
Type  "A"  Bit  with  fully  illustrated  Brochure. 


Production  of  CLUTCH  HEAD 
Machine  Screws  in  regular 
and  thread-forming  types 
is  backed  by  the  resources 
of  this  organization  and 
by  responsible  Licensees. 


For  tool  economy,  compare 
the  durability  of  this  ruffed 
Type  "A"  Bit  for  longer  con- 
tinuous service  .  .  .  also  for 
repotted  "No-cost"  recondi- 
tioning to  original  efficiency. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     3.  NEW  YORK   7 


MARCH  1945 


ri.ASTICS 


HYCON 


Packaged  Units  for  Fast  Preffill 
with  3OOO  p.  s.  i.  Closing  and  Holding  Pressure 

Using  10  GPM  and  20  GPM  Low  Pressure  Pumps 
in  ComJb/jiafioji  with  %  GPM  and  l'/z  GPM  Pumps  at  3OOO  p.  s.  L 


Units  Complete  with  Pumps  on  Double  End  Motor  .  .  .  Unloading  and  Relief  Valves 
and  Micronic  Filter  .  .  .  All  Mounted  on  40  Gal.  Water  Cooled  Reservoir 


Specifications  and  Engineering  Data  on  Request 


E    1VEW  YORK  A.IR    BRAKE    COMPANY* 


10 


420  LEXINGTON   AVENUE,  NEW  YORK    17,  N.  Y.      •      FACTORIES:   WATERTOWN,  N.   Y. 

PLASTICS  MARCH  1945 


SOBENITE  is  one  of  the  nation's  pioneers  in  injection-molded 
thermoplastics.  We  specialize  in  custom  molding  for  manufacturers  \\ln. 
demand  top  quality,  reasonable  price  and  on-time  delivery. 

Among  our  regular  customers  in  the  midwest  are  leaders  in  the 
automotive  and  electrical,  hardware  and  general  industrial  fields.  Tlirx- 
manufacturers  have  learned  from  experience  that  Sobenitc 
make*  good  on  its  promise  to: 

1.  Do  It  Nkilfullv. 

2.  Offer  I  rue  waving*!. 
:i.     Deliver  on  time. 

Write  us  for  full  details  on  our  facilities  and  service.  Ask  for  our  rrrom- 
rm -m I. it  i'. ii-  on  your  plastics  problems— and  estimates  on  your  specifiralions. 
SOBEMTE,  INC.,  32O  Ring  Slrcrt,  Soulli  llrn.l,  Indiana. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


11 


PRECISION 


In     Plastic     Production 

The  molding  operation  illustrated  is  but  one  of  the 
many  stages  in  the  production  of  plastic  parts  and 
products  requiring  absolute  precision.  It's  here  that 
you  begin  seeing  the  result  of  careful  planning,  of 
expert  design,  of  skillful  mold  making.  When  the 
war  is  over,  remember  that  name — PRECISION.  It 
will  lead  you  to  a  very  satisfactory  combination  of 
interested  craftsmen,  modern  facilities  and  equally 
important,  personal  service. 


12 


.4647-61     STENTON     AVE.,     PHILA.    44,     PA. 

PLASTICS  MARCH  1945 


Whether  you  build  Bombers  or  Trucks  .  .  . 


vour  product  can  be  improved 

with  a  Kimpreg    Surface 


A  revolutionary  new  alloy-like  material 
is  achieved  bv  fusing  to  plywood's  sur- 
face a  cured  plastic  skin  01  KIMPREG.  This 
resultant  material  is  not  a  plywood  in  the 
ordinary  sense,  not  a  conventional  plas- 
tic laminate.  It  is  a  brand  new,  better 
structural  medium  with  countless  appli- 
cations in  many  products — including,  very 
probably,  those  you  plan  for  post-war 
production. 

With  KIMPREG,  plywood  is  converted 
into  an  improved  substance  which  can  be 
machined,  formed  and  fastened  like  ordi- 
nary wood— yet  has  a  plastic's  smooth, 
tounh  surface  and  beautiful,  permanent, 
paintless  finish. 

knii'HM.  adds  the  following  advantages 
to  plywood:  1)  increases  durability  and 
flcxnr.il  strength; 2)  provides  resistance  to 
moisture  and  vapor;  3)  armor-plates 


against  extreme  abrasion;  4)  prevents  sur- 
face checks;  5)  diminishes  grain-raising 
effects;  6)  makes  the  material  scuflprool, 
splinter"proof.  snag-resistant;  7)  affords  a 
stainproof,  washable,  "wipe  clean"  sur- 
face; 8)  creates  resistance  to  chemical  ac- 
tion, decay,  temperature-extremes,  fire, 
vermin,  and  mold.  Moreover,  it  is  warm 
to  the  touch,  does  not  have  the  chill 
"feel"  of  metal  surfaces. 


Today  all  KIMPREC  is  required  for  mili- 
tary needs,  ranging  from  airltorne  "pre- 
fab" huts  to  glass-smooth  tables  for  park- 
ing parachutes  without  snagging.  Hence, 
the  wartime  co^or  of  KIMPRKC  is  a  soldierly 
olive-drab.  Post-war,  however,  it  will  be 
offered  in  a  variety  of  appealing  hues. 

Now  is  the  time  to  investigate  the  pos- 
sibilities of  KlMl'HEG-surfaced  materials  for 
your  peacetime  requirement-. 


Ama*g  Ik,  mtfn  of  KIMPREG  an 
FtymooJ  Camp**?;  WtuUHftv  Va 


of  I 


it  told  u*4tr  |JU  U+OM 


Send  Coupon  for  FREE  KIMPREG  Book  to: 

Kimberly-Clark  Corporation,  Netnoh,  Wis. 

MM 


B*/tlr*  Ijimta  *  Mtatffftuuinn  Compaq;  (Mrmfit 
K  Comfaty;  <ad  TV  WJW.T.  Otfood  {jemfvty:  all  of 
Fir  Plywood  uaf*cU  mOJ,  K1MPKKG.  Tkit  fnmma 


MARCH   1945 


13 


THE  UNUSUAL  properties 
inherent  in  Plaskon  Materials 
make  them  especially  suitable  for 
the  molding  of  parts,  complete  units, 
or  assembly  of,  attractive  and  ser- 
viceable products  in  wide  variety. 
Plaskon  Materials  for  molding  are 
high  in  utility  and  decorative  prop- 
erties, giving  products  made  from 
them  impressive  sales  advantages. 


P/askon    Urea  -  Formaldehyde    Compound 

1.  Wide  range  of  lightfast  hues,  from 
translucent  natural  and  pure  white 
to  jet  black. 

2.  Smooth   surface,  eye-catching,  warm 
to  touch. 

3.  Completely    resistant   to   common 
organic   solvents,   impervious   to   oils 
and  grease. 

4.  Possesses  extremely  high  flexural,  im- 
pact and  tensile  strength. 

5.  Highly  resistant  to  arcing  and  track- 
ing under  high  voltages  and  high 
frequencies. 


Plaskon  Grade  2  Compound 

1.  A  Plaskon  urea-formaldehyde  of  good 
quality,  lower  in   price  than  regular 
Plaskon,   and   adaptable   to   economy 
production   requirements. 

2.  High  resistance  In.  and  retains  lustre, 
surface  and  color  in,  presence  of  water, 
common  organic  solvents,  soaps,  etc. 

3.  Identical  unusual  dielectric  strength 
and  freedom  from  arcing  and  tracking 
as  regular  Plaskon. 

Furnished  in  one  shade  of  black  and 
brown  only. 


(token  Im-Presura  UnwutfaiC  R*tim  for  Structur;! 


Pi.uk on  MoUml  Cater  Adapter  C« 

U     .  v 


Molded  Ptafcon  Orea-F 


k  Cast  of  MoUcd  Pbskoa  Uru-FornuMebydc 


Ploskon  Mflamine  Compound 

1.  Assures  ample  protection  where  water 
or  high   humidity  prevent  the  use  of 
urea  compounds. 

2.  Exceptional  resistance  to  acids  and 
alkalies.   Non-porous,   non-corrodible. 

3.  Under  extreme  conditions  of  heat  and 
humidity,   is    non-tracking,   highly 
resistant  to  arcing,  and  has  high  di- 
electric strength. 

4.  Highest  heat  resistance  of  all  light- 
colored  plastics. 


Ploskon  Resin  Glum 

1.  Materials  bonded  by  Plaskon  Resin 
Glue  cannot  be  separated  at  glue  line 
—the  material   fails  first. 

2.  Plaskon    glue    line    is   completely 
moisture-resistant,  cannot  be  weakened 
by  mold  or  fungi. 

3.  Maintains  its  tenacious  grip  in  heavy- 
duty  service  for  years,  under  water,  on 
land,  in  the  air. 


PLA5KOH 


MATERIALS 


PLASKON  DIVISION,  UBBEY-OWENS-FORD  GLASS  COMPANY  •  2121  syivcm  A«.nu. 


6,  Ohio 


Conodion  Aqfnt:   Canadian  Industrie*,  Ltd.,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 


PUskan  Molded  Color  Cae  far  Surgical  Magiifyhig  Class 


of  PUdion  Mold. 


of  Piaskon  Molded  Color 


•HhPbskan  Hot-Sttttog  and  Cold-Setting  Ctoe* 


okM  PlMh«i  WMM»  Used  for  tl«  i      ii  •••  ' 


Announcing 


.. 


PLASTIN 

THE  GREATEST  CONTRIBUTION 
IN  THE  GROWING  BATTLE 
AGAINST  MOISTURE- VAPOR 


The  protecting  hand  of  "Plastin"  now  as- 
sures the  Armed  Forces  of  freedom  from 
the  ravages  of  moisture -vapor.  You  will 
welcome  full  knowledge  of  heat -sealing 
"Plastin",  which  is  remarkably  strong 
and  remains  flexible  at  low  temperatures. 


Literature  is  available,  showing  "  Plastin V 
importance  to  every  manufacturer  of  any 
product  which  is  subject  to  moisture -vapor 
attack.  To  be  among  the  first  to  learn 
complete  details  of  this  unique  devel- 
opment, send  us  your  name  and  address. 


FUSTIC   FILM   CORPORATION 


TELEPHONE:    LEXINGTON   2-5458      •      475    FIFTH    AVENUE,    NEW   YORK    17,   N.   Y. 

•Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pal.  Off. 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  194; 


IT'S 


Come  to  dura  with  your  plastic  fabricating  problems.  As  specialists  in 
fabricating,  we  offer  you  our  experienced  personnel  and  the  most  modern 
equipment,  especially  designed  to  produce  your  needs,  to  help  you 
meet  more  exacting  demands.  Now  engaged  entirely  in  war  production, 
dura  looks  ahead  to  serve  you  in  peace  time  with  the  same  fine  plastic 
fabricating  that  is  meeting  war  requirements. 

CONSULT  DURA  FIRST  FOR   PLASTIC  FABRICATING 


dura  plastics. 


inc.  1   WEST  34  STREET.  NEW  YORK  1.  N.  Y. 


Custom  fabricating  specialists  to  the  av/afion,  electronic  and  shipbuilding  industries. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


17 


OUR  NEW  PRICE  LIST 


COVERING  ALL  OF  OUR 


SCIENTIFIC  TESTS,  INCLUDING  THOSE  ON  PLASTICS,  IS  AVAILABLE 


TO  EXECUTIVES  ON  REQUEST. 


1880 


ii,    .  ^ 

f:   V«i>  S,,2TT""    '       "*"•»»• 


: 


^»  «Wibft-.r  ~ 


M«mb«r  of    American  Council  of  Commercial  laboraloritt 


WOONSOCKET.   R.   I. 

PLASTICS 


NEW  YORK.   N.  Y. 

MARCH  1945 


Susie's  no  genius.  Yet  with  amazing  speed  she 
deftly  places  brilliantly  beautiful  designs  on  toys, 
novelties,  furniture  and  kitchen  specialties  with 
Meyercord  Decorative  Decals.  She  decorates 
other  products,  too. . .  wood,  plastic,  glass  or  com- 
position... and  each  finished  piece  is  a  work  of 
art!  Susie  adds  the  magic  touch  of  colorful  sales 
appeal  with  Meyercord  Decals.  These  modern 
Decal  decorations  reproduce  any  design,  in  any 
size  or  number  of  colors... and  produce  hand- 
painted  effects  at  a  fraction  of  the  cost.  Meyercord 
Decals  are  washable  and  durable.  They're  color- 
tested  ...resistant  to  hot  and  cold  water,  acids 


and  oil.  Special  production-line  techniques 
permit  speedy  low-cost  application  to  either 
flat  or  curved  surfaces.  Meyercord  Decals 
will  provide  decorative  charm  and  eye-catch- 
ing sales  appeal  for  YOUR  postwar  products. 
Free  design  and  art  service  is  at  your  dis- 
posal. Address  inquiries  to  Department  84  3. 


MARCH  1945 


FLAtTlCB 


19 


PLASTIC  PARTS 

....  PRODUCED  TO  YOUR   SPECIFICATIONS 


PRINTING 

DIE  CUTTING 

CEMENTING 

Wide  experience  by  all  known 
processes  in  the  application  of 
printing,  engraving,  silk  screen- 
ing, die  cutting  and  cementing 
of  all  thermoplastics. 


FORMING 

Specialists  in  deep  drawing  radio 
dial  windows,  embossing,  swag- 
ing and  bending  in  Acetate, 
Vinylite  and  Acrylics. 


MACHINING 

Precision  threading,  screw  ma- 
chine, milling,  drilling,  turning 
of  Polystyrene,  Acrylics,  Phe.no- 
lics,  nylon  Tenite  sheets,  tubes 
and  rods;  through  spindle  capac- 
ity up  to  2Vi"  rod. 


ASSEMBLY 

Our  engineers  can  assist  you  in 
problems  of  designand assembly 
of  your  plastic  units. 


PRINTLOID, 


93  Mercer  Street 
New  York  12,  N.  Y. 


20 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


FOR    THE    BETTER 


DF     In, 


AN  ENTIRE  NEW  BUILDING 

DEVOTED  TO  PRECISION 

INJECTION  MOLDING 


MARCH  1945 


P ASSAIC,  N.  J. 


PLASTICS 


21 


AN 


HEATER,  RADIO,  AND  STOVE  KNOBS 


Illustrations  at  left  show  four  types  of  Tinner- 
man  SPEED  CLIPS  for  assembly  of  plastic 
knobs  and  hardware  for  radios,  stoves  and 
heaters.  They  eliminate  threaded  inserts 
and  reduce  mold  costs.  These  spring-tension 
fasteners  also  harness  cold-flow  tendencies 
of  the  thermoplastic  materials  and  prevent 
loosening  and  cracking  of  the  thermosetting 
materials.  They  are  easily  and  quickly 
snapped  into  position. 

In  the  assembly  of  radio  bezels  and  dials, 
SPEED  NUTS  originally  gave  rise  to  the  use 
of  integrally  molded  studs  and  ribs,  as 
shown  in  the  lower  left  group.  SPEED  NUTS 
also  eliminate  the  need  of  access  to  both 
sides  of  the  assembly.  They  are  applied  with 
amazing  speed  by  hand  or  with  a  simple 
tool.  Cross  section  of  the  "push-on"  type  is 
shown  in  lower  circle. 

For  the  assembly  of  plastic  glass,  special 
SPEED  NUTS  have  been  designed.  These 
are  adaptable  to  all  types  of  plastic  glass, 
as  they  provide  a  spring-tension  grip  that 
frees  the  assembly  from  dead-tight  fasten- 


RADIO      BEZELS      AND      DIALS 


TINNERMAN       PRODUCTS,        INC. 


DESIGNED  FOR  BETTER 
PIPSTIt    RSSEHIBLV 


ing  pressure.  While  holding  the  plastic 
glass  firmly  in  locked  position,  they  also 
permit  expansion  and  contraction  of  the 
plastic  without  damage.  The  wide  bear- 
ing surface  of  the  SPEED  NUT  spreads 
the  load  over  a  greater  area  and  away 
from  the  screw  hole.  The  "U"  type  snaps 
over  edges  in  self-retaining  position. 
The  round  type  is  used  with  rubber 
grommets  in  larger  screw  holes,  for 
additional  cushion  and  seal.  Where  two 
pieces  of  plastic  overlap,  a  cup-shaped 
SPEED  NUT  is  used  with  a  mated  SPEED 
NUT  washer,  both  formed  to  extend  the 
load  farther  from  the  screw  hole. 

In  the  flashlight  assembly  below,  a 
special  SPEED  NUT  holds  the  plastic 
switch  knob  in  place  and  also  acts  as  the 
electrical  contact. ..saving  material  and 
assembly  time.  These  are  but  a  few  of 
over  2000  shapes  and  sizes  of  SPEED 
NUTS  and  SPEED  CLIPS.  Send  details  of 
your  assembly  for  quick  help. 


PUSH-ON  SPEED  NUTS  FOR 
UNTHREADED  STUDS 


PLASTIC    GLASS    ASSEMBLY 


PLASTIC    FLASHLIGHT   ASSEMBLY 


9197        FlllTOKl      ROAD       CLEVELAND      13.     OHIO 


In    Canada: 

Wollot*  Botnn  Co.,  lid.,  Hamilton.  Onlano 

In   England 

•J 


M'Aleer 


Your  Partner  in 
PROGRESS  THROUGH  PLASTICS 


The  phenomenal  development  and  ac- 
celerated uses  of  Plastics  today  demand 
that  you  have  a  source  of  technical  finish- 
ing information  on  which  you  can  depend 
—a  source  which  can  provide  "job  fitted" 
buffing  and  polishing  materials  that  meet 
the  specific  finishing  requirements  of  a 
wide  range  of  plastic  formulae. 


McAleer,  in  its  Plastics  Finishing  Divi- 
sion, answers  this  need— offers  you  the 
benefits  of  practical  plastic  finishing 
knowledge— the  assistance  of  experienced 
technicians  qualified  to  help  solve  your 
particular  finishing  problem— be  it  in- 
creased production,  improved  finish  or 
lower  operating  costs.  At  your  service  .  .  . 


We'd  like  to  work  hand  in  hand  with  you  on  any  finishing 
problem  involving  products  made  of  the  following  base  materials: 

PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDES  •  UREA-FORMALDEHYDES  •  ACRYLATES  and 
METHACRYLATES  •  STYRENES  •  HARD  RUBBER  •  CASEINS  •  ETHYL-CELLULOSES 
CELLULOSE  ACETATES  •  CELLULOSE  ACETATE  BUTYRATES  •  CELLULOSE  NITRATES 


* 
24 


McAleer 

MANUFACTURING  CO. 


•     Manufacturers    of   Quality 
Controlled  Finishing  Materials 


ROCHESTER,  MICHIGAN 


f  •  f    t  *  f  f  <  s 


MARTH 


VS, 


•COSMETIC 


•AVIATION 


•CLOTHING 


•fURNITURI 


•RADIO 


•AUTOMOTIVE 


•  MARINE 


,v 


•ELECTRONIC 


•LIQUOR 


•NOVELTY 


•DRUG 


EX 

NEW   YORK,  CHICAGO,    SI.  I 


'MOLDED 

CELLENCE 

*7^ 

mhlm 


HAPOl  IS,  BOSTON,  DE 


MARCH  194ri 


25 


INJECTION 
MOLDING 


METAL  STAMPING 


INTRICATE  ELECTRO 
MECHANICAL 
ASSEMBLIES 


SANTAY  craftsmen  have  long  been  known  for  their  precision  work  .  . 
for  their  unusual  skill  and  accuracy  in  working  to  the  closest  tolerances. 
This  reputation  was  first  gained  in  making  tools,  dies,  jigs  and  fixtures 
for  others,  and  more  recently  for  our  own  production. 

Santay  Engineers  have  added  greatly  to  their  precision  practices  and 
methods,  with  their  100%  War  Production  Program.  All  of  this  is 
bound  to  be  reflected  in  the  Santay  products  of  the  future. 

Santay  has  all  the  modern  facilities  for  producing  Injection  Molded 
Parts  or  Products,  Metal  Stampings,  and  Electro-Mechanical  Assem- 
blies from  design  to  finished  product.  May  we  suggest,  you  submit 
your  ideas  or  problems  to  our  staff  of  competent  engineers! 


'JION 


- 


; 


S \\i\V  CORPORATION  351-339  X  CRAWFORD  AVK., CHICAGO  24, ILLINOIS 

FORMERLY      SINKO      TOOL      &      MANUFACTURING      CO. 

KEPKfSENTATIVfS:    POTTER    t    DUG/IN.    INC..    29    tflLKESON    STREET.    BUFfALO    3.    NEW    YORK     •     PAUL    SEILER,    7779 
CORTLAND    AVENUE.    DETROIT    4.    MICHIGAN    •     OUEISSER    BROS..    108    E.    NINTH    STREET.    INDIANAPOLIS    2.    INDIANA 


t»  W.  A  &  V  t  f  « 


TUNED  TO  TODAY'S  PRODUCTION  NEEDS 


ITB 


•  RESINS  .  .  .  Phenol -Furfural    and    Phenol -Formaldehyde 
Resins.  Other  synthetic  resins  of  many  types  for  all   purposes, 
including  low  pressure  molding. 

•  MOLDING    COMPOUNDS  .  .  .  Complete  line  of 
Phenol-Furfural    and    Phenol-Formaldehyde    molding    powders. 

•  CEMENTS  .  .  .  Bonds  of  remarkable  strength  for  metal, 
wood    and   thermoset   plastics.   Cold-setting    boil-proof    plywood 
and  wood  bonds. 

•  ADHESIVES  ...  Hot    and    cold-setting,    for    plywood, 
paper,  glass,  cloth  and  fibre;  textile  sizing  and  proofing;  paper 
manufacturing,  also,  for  wet  strength   and    proofing    purposes. 

•OIL    SOLUBLE    RESINS  ...  For  production  of  air- 
drying    or    baking    varnishes,   protective   coatings,    and    finishes. 

•  WATER  SOLUBLE  RESINS  ...  For  hot  and  cold 

molding/high  and  low  pressure  molding,  and  wet  web  impregnation. 

•  NEW    PROCESSES  ...  Dry  impregnation,  nozzleless 
injection    molding,    continuous    thermosetting    injection    molding. 

OUR    EXPERIENCE   IS   AVAILABLE   TO    YOU 


RITE    PLASTICS 

INCORPORATED 
FRANKFORD    STATION    P.    O.        PHILADELPHIA    24,    PA. 


REPRESENTATIVES     LOCATED     AT: 


3838  Santo  Ft  Ave., 
Lot  Angelei  11,  Col. 


1274  Foltam  St., 
San  Franciico  3,  Cal. 


67  Lexington  Ave., 
Buffalo  9,  N.  Y. 


352  Plymouth  Rood,     245  W.  Franklin  St.,     2711  Olive  St.,      4851  S.  St.  Lou  I.  Ave., 
Union,  New  Jersey          Morritville,  Pa.         St.  Louis  3, Mo.          Chicago  32,  III. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


Your  product  CAN  be  molded  30  to  50%  faster,  at  reduced  cos 


Take  that  intricate  terminal  board  with  20  inserts  for  in- 
stance .  .  .  Mayfair  turns  out  25  an  hour  in  a  single  cavity 
mold.  Over  125  two- insert,  precision  radar  parts  an  hour 
from  a  six  cavity  mold.  From  a  two  cavity  mold,  produc- 
tion of  the  tiny  delicate  coil  form  is  maintained  at  an  amaz- 
ing rate  of  250  an  hour.  And  even  under  top  speed,  most 
exacting  tolerances  are  constantly  retained. 

To  folks  familiar  with  production  of  similar  parts  these 
facts  may  seem  fantastic  .  .  .  but  to  Mayfair  they're  simply 
examples  of  every  day  operation.  This  new  kind  of  ad- 
vanced molding  is  made  possible  by  Mayfair's  revolutionary 


new  semi-automatic  molding  presses.  Designed,  engineere 
and  built  solely  by  Mayfair's  experts,  their  operation  is  nc 
where  else  duplicated. 

To  you  this  amazing  progress  in  molding  technique  mean 
prompter  service,  speedier  production,  lower  product  cosl 

You'll  find  complete  tool  and  diemaking  facilities  to  creat 
your  toughest  mold  incorporated  in  Mayfair's  modern  planl 
And  capable  service  engineers  are  available  to  discuss  you 
product  ...  at  your  convenience  ...  at  your  place  o 
business. 


MOLDED   PRODUCTS  CORPORATION 

444O  ELSTON  AVENUE 


28 


PLASTICS 


CHICAGO  30,  ILLINOI! 
MARCH  194! 


A  TIP  on  PLASTICS 


FROM  PAT  FINN,  the  Plastics  finisher 


YOUR    SYMBOL   OF    DEPENDABLE    FINISHING 

SAYS*  "Plastics  parts  are  precious  these  days.  So  don't  take 
chances  with  hit-or-miss  finishing  methods.  Trust  your  prod- 
ucts only  to  experts.  Bring  'em  to  me  and  you're  sure  of  top- 
notch  Machining,  Assembly  and  Color-Spraying  every  time!' 


MARCH  194.-> 


PLASTICS 


29 


230  EAST  OHIO  STREET    • 


•    DELAWARE  635O 


*  SPECIAL  Plastics  Engineering  Division  •  13  Annual 
Awards  for  Plastics  Design  •  Interest  in  plastics  is 
all  you  need:  we  take  it  from  there  •  Complete 
service  from  idea  to  the  finished  product. 


Good  Molders  don't  just  happen! 


\ 


It  takes  more  than  good  intentions  to  become  an  expert  custom 
inolder.  It  needs  years  of  research  and  experience  in  design, 
mold-making  and  actual  production  of  molded  parts. 

Here  at  Auburn  we've  been  doing  just  that  for  the  last  69  years 
.  .  .  and  we're  still  growing  .  .  .  and  learning.  When  you  have  a 
molded  plastics  problem,  our  experience  is  at  your  service. 


For  small  parU  molded  automatically  at  low 
cost,  write;  Woodruff  Company  Division, 
Aulnirn  Button  Works.  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


MARK 

AUBURN  ENGINEERED  PLASTICS 

All  Types  of  Molding  Complete  Mold  Shop 

Extruded  Tubes  and  Shapes 

AUBURN  BUTTON  WORKS 

INCORPORATED 
MOLDERS SINCE        1876        AUBURN, NEW    YORK 


I 


AUBURN  REPRESENTATIVES 
IN  THESE  CITIES 

ALBERT  BRYAN 
Chicago,  III. 

FRED  A.  COLE 
Detroit,  Mich. 

FLOYD  L.  DUNN 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

H.  A.  LEDIG 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

W.  E.  HIGH 
Cambridge,  Mats. 

G.  H.  ROSS 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

C.  B.  WEBB 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

L.  C.  HENGST 
W.  O.  STRONG 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


MARCH   1945 


P  I  \ 


31 


Molded  by  Amphenol  of 
polystyrene  —  for  it*  high 
dielectric  properties,  non- 
abaorption  of  moisture,  and 
strength — for  critical  radio 
and  electronics  uses. 


ers  the  right  peg 


for  the  right  hole 


Selecting  the  exact  type  of  material 
for  specific  needs  has  become  one 
of  industry's  most  critical  jobs — one 
in  which  Amphenol's  cooperation 
is  widely  valued  in  the  expanding 
field  of  plastics. 


Amphenol's  years  of  experience 
with  the  many  types  of  plastics  and 
the  various  methods  of  molding  of- 
fers reliable  assistance  as  well  as  a 
source  of  supply  to  users  of  plastic 
parts.  Electrical  characteristics, 
strength  and  resistance  to  wear,  re- 
sistance to  acid,  moisture,  or  alkalies 
are  fundamental  requirements  to  be 


satisfied  by  the  material  selected. 
These  must  be  matched  to  problems 
in  parts  design— weight,  strength, 
economy  in  molding. 

Only  long  experience,  study  of 
materials  and  methods  answer  such 
problems.  For  that  reason  Amphenol 
is  able  to  fit  the  right  plastic  —  the 
right  design  —  to  the  specific  job. 


M   E   H   I   C  A  N 


'HENOLIC        CORPORATI 

Chicago  50,  Illinois 
In  Canada — Amphenol  Limited — Toronto 


O  N 


Conduit,  Coble  Aisembliei,  U.H.F.  Coble. 


. 
(A-N,  British,  U.H.F.). 


32 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PENACOLITE  1941 

has  grown 

PENACOLITE  1942 

and  grown 

PENACOLITE  1943 

and  grown. 

PENACOLITE  1944 


ana  now 


PENACOLITE 

IS   THE   ACCEPTED  STANDARD 

OF 

QUALITY    AND    PERFORMANCE 
IN    RESINS   AND   ADHESIVES. 


Manufactured  Exclusively  by 

PENNSYLVANIA  COAL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

55  West  42nd  St.  PETROLIA, 

New  York,  N.  Y.  PENNA. 

MARCH  1945  PLASTICS  33 


65  rljeasi4,  oj 


No.  4  (6r)  Royle  Plastic*  Extruder.  Side  Delivery  Head. 


Beginning  with  the  invention  of  the  screw-type  machine 
in  1880  John  Royle  &  Sons  have  constantly  pioneered 
in  the  development  of  continuous  extrusion  equipment. 

Essentially  the  continuous  extrusion  process  hasn't 
changed  a  great  deal.  There  have  been  refinements— 
the  most  apparent  being  in  the  field  of  temperature  con- 
trol and  in  the  development  of  accessory  equipment. 

Sixty-five  years  of  progressive  pioneering  have  produced 
a  wealth  of  knowledge  and  experience.  This  "know  how" 
is  built  into  Royle  equipment — reflected  in  perform- 
ance records. 


Royle  Heating  Unit.  Capable  of  draining  excess 
heat  as  well  as  maintaining  high  extrusion  tem- 
peratures.   Manually  controlled. 


JOHN    ROYLE    &    SONS 


PATERSON 


PIONEER     BUILDERS     OF     EXTRUSION     MACHINES     SINCE 


1  880 


Continental   Europe 

J.m«  Day  I  Machinery)  Ltd. 

London,  England 


Homt  Offlct 

B.  H.  Davit     |.  W.  VanRlptr 
SHurwood  2-8262 


Akron,  Ohio 
|.  C.  Cllneftlt.r 
UNivtraity  3726 


PATERSON    3,    NEW    JERSEY 


34 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


m 


Phenolite  Bobbins 

help  speed  the  production  of  high  strguA  NYLON  Yarn 

NO,  not  tor  l.idics'  hos  ttfllP"  now,  but  for  Uncle 
Sam's  war  needs-^I^HKyachu<e  fabrics  and 
glider   tow  tlf^s— Phenolite  laminated    Bakelite 
Bobbins  pETy  an  important  role.  Their  exceptional 
resistance    to    deformation    at    high    speeds    and 
stresses— combined  with  their  lightness  in  weight- 
contributes  to  the  uniformity  of  the  nylon  yarn  in  the 
high  speed  "spinning"  and  "throwing"  operations, 
his  application  of  Phenolite  is  typical,  illustrat- 
how  the  unusual  combination  of  properties  of 
minated  plastic  may  be  utilized  in  practically 
industry  to  good  advantage, 
pnal  Engineers  are  at  your  service  to  assist  in 
n  of  your  improved  products  ...  in  which 
may    have    an    advantageous 
.  Wire,  phone  or  write  today! 


' 

ft± 

appM 


NATIONAL  VULCANIZED  FIBRE 


MARCH  1945 


Wilmington,  Delawan 
PLASTICS 


in  Principal  Gf» 


35 


SARAN  is  EASILY  FABRICATED 

FROM   STOCK   MATERIAL 

A  little  Ingenuity  and  some  stock  Saran  go  a  long  way 
in  developing  new,  useful  products,  particularly  when 
you  need  something  to  resist  the  action  of  corrosive 
materials  .  .  .  Shown  here  are  only  a  few  of  the  things 
we  have  developed  in  our  own  laboratories  to  meet 
industrial  needs.  On  the  top  is  an  anti-splash  acid 
funnel  made  from  a  sheet  of  Saran  and  half  of  a  pipe 
coupling.  At  left  is  an  anti-splash  acid  pitcher  and  an 
acid  condenser.  All  were  cut  from  stock  material  and 
welded  by  simple  methods,  with  tools  easily  available. 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  the  versatility  and  ease 
of  handling  of  Saran. 

Send  for  our  latest  P-ll  Technical  Bulletin,  Just  off  the 
press,  which  illustrates  methods  of  welding  Saran. 
Let  us  put  you  on  the  list  to  receive  our  coming  new 
P-12  Bulletin  covering  the  fabrication  of  Saran. 


SAHAN       HODGMAN  RUBBER  CO. 

FRAMINGHAM,     MASSACHUSETTS 


•0.8.    P«t    No. 

2160931 


New  York  14 
261   Fifth  Ave. 


Chicago  2 
173  West  Madison  Ave. 


San  Francisco  5 
121  Second  Street 


Saran  *ub«,  pipe,  6Hlngs,  sheet,  red  and  extruded  product!  of  rubber  and  plastic — Heree-X 

coated  fabrics 


36 


PLASTiCS 


MARCH  1945 


Organized  to  handle  TOUCH  molding  jobs 

, 


THERE  are  many  plastic  molding  jobs 
that  practically  any  molder  can  han- 
dle. But  there  are  others  that  offer  some 
particular  problem  such  as  extra  deep 
drawing,  close  tolerances,  multiplicity  of 
inserts,  side  cores,  fine  threading,  or 
where  some  special  technique  must  be 
used. 

While  we  handle  all  types  of  jobs  from 
the  simplest  to  the  most  complicated,  it 
is  on  the  really  TOUGH  jobs  that  we  can 
demonstrate  the  full  value  of  Imperial 
Engineering  Service. 


BULLETIN   K-200  — with 

its  helpful  comparative 
table  on  the  character- 
istics of  various  compres- 
sion molded  plastics  and 
a  brief  picture  story  of 
how  the  Imperial  mold- 
ing plant  operates — may 
be  of  interest  to  you. 


four  request  will  bring  a   copy. 


The  parts  shown  above  are  typical 
specimens  of  specialized  molding  work 
for  such  organizations  as:  Teletype  Corp., 
Dixie  Cup  Co.,  Bastian  Blessing  Co.,  Bell 
&  Howell  Co.,  Simpson  Electric  Co., 
Allis-Chalmers  Mfg.  Co.,  National  Enam- 
elling &  Stamping  Co.,  Radio  Speakers, 
Inc.,  The  Imperial  Brass  Mfg.  Co. 

And  the  views  of  our  plant  at  the  right 
present  just  a  suggestion  of  the  organiza- 
tion that  has  been  built  to  handle 
TOUGH  molding  jobs. 

If  you  have  molding  requirements 
that  call  for  a  broad  background  of  en- 
gineering experience  and  the  most  mod- 
ern plant  facilities  we  shall  be  pleased  to 
work  with  you — subject  of  course  to 
present  day  limitations  imposed  by  our 
work  for  the  armed  forces. 

IMPERIAL  MOLDED  PRODUCTS  CORP. 
2924   West  Harrison  St.,  Chicago  12,  III. 


IMPERIAL 


IKON  *  DUREZ  *  MA 


•  Our  marked  success  in  handling 
complicated  parts  requiring  close 
tolerances,  threading  and  inserts  is 
largely  the  result  of  sound  "know- 
how"  engineering. 


•  Our  mold  makers  are  specialist* 
in  the  plastic  field  and  have  devel- 
oped many  advances  in  methods  of 
mold  construction.  For  example, 
you'll  find  that  threads  on  Imperial 
parts  are  smoother — and  harder. 
This  is  because  threading  dies  are 
milled — not  turned  as  is  customary. 


•  Molding  equipment  includes 
compression  presses  of  all  practical 
sizes,  both  of  the  hand  and  semi- 
automatic types.  Preforming  and 
measuring  machines  are  utilized  for 
processing  molding  powder.  Infra- 
red and  radio  frequency  preheating 
facilities  are  available. 


MARCH  194:. 


PLASTICS 


•  The  final  operations  on  the 
molded  part  are  completed  in  the 
finishing  department.  Trimmers  take 
off  the  fins,  and  any  other  m-.-r- 
sary  operations  are  performed  such 
as  drilling  and  tapping  of  holes  and 
iiiM-ri«,  etc.  Polishers  bring  out  the 
special  lustre  required  on  certain 
parts  through  the  use  of  buffing 
wheels.  Special  machines  are  also 
utilized  for  polishing. 


37 


HERE,  in  the  Plastics  Annual  Directory,  is  a  compilation  of  vital  facts,  presented  for  the  first 
time  within  the  covers  of  a  regular  issue  of  a  plastics  magazine.    But,  we  don't  want  to  dwell 
on   the   immensity  of  the  task  required  in   gathering  and   collating  such   a   vast   amount 
of  source  information.     We  prefer  to  consider  it  as  significant  of  our  association  with  a  large 
industry  which  has  yet  to  attain  its  peak  and  full  power.    Evidence  of  this  is  the  fact  that  many 
companies  who  supplied  us  with  information  are  just  completing  researches  on  plastics  and  plas- 
tics products,  or  are  undertaking  new  projects  at  this  time. 

We  are  keenly  aware  of  the  immensity  of  the  task  this  industry  undertook  and  accomplished 
in  meeting  the  needs  of  our  military  services.  So,  while  the  industry  dislikes  self-praise,  we  may 
nevertheless  "blow  our  own  horn,"  because  despite  the  difficulties  of  operating  under  the  mad- 
dening pace  of  war,  we  feel  we  have  come  through  with  flying  colors.  Further,  we  are  continu- 
ing to  meet  the  ever  increasing  demands  of  the  Army  and  the  Navy,  and  we  have  now  trained  all 
our  sights  on  doing  the  best  war  job  in  the  quickest  possible  time.  We  will  continue  to  exert  all 
of  our  efforts  and  all  of  our  talents  along  that  line,  doing  what  we  can  to  shorten  the  time  needed 
to  overwhelm  our  enemies  in  Europe  and  Asia. 

Yet,  looking  forward,  ever  hopefully,  to  the  day  when  the  Nazis  and  the  Japs  capitulate,  it 
would  be  wise  to  take  stock  of  what  others  think  of  us.  It  would  be  most  prudent  to  avoid 
the  pitfalls  growing  out  of  smugness  and  self-satisfaction,  and  to  contemplate  thoughtfully  the 
constructive  criticism  directed  at  us  by  those  who  one  day  are  apt  to  be  our  best  customers.  It 
would  be  far  better  to  continue  our  researches  and  our  development,  because  our  industry  has 
been  founded  and  nurtured  on  them  and  must  continue  to  rely  on  them  if  we  are  to  meet  the 
keen  competition  we  know  is  ahead. 

We  know  also  that  many  of  our  products  are  best  for  certain  uses.  We  point  particularly  to 
our  vinyls,  melamines,  ureas,  phenolics  and  polystyrenes  and  their  applications  in  the  electrical 
field ;  we  mention  our  acrylics  for  airplane  canopies,  windshields  and  gun  turrets  as  well  as  for 
visual  instruction;  and  we  stress  the  cellulosics  and  vinyls  for  industrial  and  consumer  packag- 
ing where  moisture  resistance  and  strength  are  among  paramount  characteristics.  Mention  also 
must  be  made  of  all  those  plastics  used  for  decorative  purposes,  as  described  in  this  issue  in  the 
article,  "Ventures  In  Decoration."  But,  on  the  other  hand,  we  also  know  that  our  products 
have  their  limitations,  and  that  they  have  much  to  overcome  before  they  can  be  offered  as  a 
cure-all  for  every  application — if  indeed,  they  ever  can  be. 

Therefore,  the  points  brought  out  in  the  article,  "Your  194?  Model,"  are  worthy  of  deep 
consideration.  And  we  also  may  find  valuable  advice  in  William  Beach's  "Plastics  Place  in 
Aviation."  Both  the  automotive  and  aircraft  industries  are  "electric"  with  possibilities  for  plas- 
tics applications ;  these  articles  stress  that.  Both  these  industries  are  exacting,  and  their  require- 
ments are  most  definite.  Yet,  the  possibilities  in  their  lucrative  business  for  us  postwar  almost 
demand  that  we  turn  much  of  our  energies  in  their  direction  and  endeavor  to  overcome  the  limi- 
tations which  now  preclude  the  fullest  use  of  our  products.  Having  done  this,  we  would  have 
not  only  benefited  ourselves  and  our  customers,  but  also  made  further  contribution  to  our 
country's  industrial  and  commercial  life. 

In  further  expansion  of  this  thought,  we  can  turn  to  Dr.  Ludwin's  article,  "There's  Good 
Business  South  of  the  Border."  Here  we  will  discover  that  there  is  a  lucrative  and  continuing 
volume  of  postwar  orders  which  can  be  ours  for  the  asking.  However,  as  those  of  us  know  who 
have  been  to  Latin  America,  we  must  do  business  on  a  very  different  basis  than  we  did  before. 
Our  Pan  American  friends  make  good  customers;  but  we  must  understand  their  ways  and  ap- 
preciate and  respect  their  customs.  We  cannot  force  our  goods  on  them  or  make  them  do 
things  our  way.  They  have  been  doing  things  their  own  way  too  long  to  be  changed.  Besides 
which,  they  do  not  want  us  to  change  them. 

England,  Germany  and  Italy  knew  how  to  handle  the  South  American  market  before  the  war; 
and  they  succeeded  so  well  they  practically  had  us  pushed  out  of  every  big  industry  down  there. 
We  hope  we  have  learned  by  experience,  but  if  we  haven't  Dr.  Ludwin's  article  still  gives  us  some 
sound  advice.  It  would  be  wise  to  follow  it.  END 


38 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Ever  see  a  Mold  with 

Invisible 
Cavities? 


WK  USED  TO  MOLD  96  switch  hous- 
ings in  an  8  hour  shift  with  this  mold. 
Now  we  turn  out  200 — all  with  the 
same  14  inserts.  The  plastic  material 
is  cured  better  than  before.  We  use 
the  same  press.  It's  like  having  a 
couple  of  extra  cavities  you  can't  see. 

That's  what  Heatronics  (radio- fre- 
quency preheating)  has  done  for  one 
of  our  jobs.  For  others,  it  has  allowed 
thicker  wall  sections — lower  molding 
pressures  (sometimes  on  lighter 
presses) — more  simplified  processes. 
It  has  even  made  feasible  new  appli- 
cations that  we  used  to  shy  away  from 
before. 

So  this  is  a  good  time  to  re-assess 
your  molding  program  in  the  light  of 
what  Heatronics  can  do  for  you.  We 
can  help  with  this  at  Kurz-Kasch  be- 
causewe'vegone  into  Heatronics  more 


thoroughly  than  most.  In  fact,  we  be- 
gan with  the  first  RCA  unit,  and  now 
have  one  of  the  largest,  fastest-grow- 
ing installations  in  the  industry. 

More  important,  we've  had  the 
type  of  experience  that  comes  from 
sharing  in  Heatronics  development. 
We  can  apply  to  your  problem  every 
advantage  that  it  offers  today.  With 


our  28-year-old  name  for  leadership 
in  the  plastics  industry — plus  one  of 
the  largest,  best-equipped  custom 
plants  in  the  country  —  that  is  just 
one  more  reason  to  see  Kurz-Kasch 
first  for  plastics.  Ask  for  an  engineer. 

THI  WAK  BONDS 
YOU  KttP   ARE   THF  BONDS   THAT  COUNT 


Kurz-Kasch 

For  over  28  years  Planners  and  Molders  in  Plastics 

Kuri-Katch,     Inc.,     1413    South     Broadway,    Dayton     1,    Ohio.     Branch     Sa/.j     Ollictl:     Now     York   •   Chicago  •   Detroit 
IndianaaoUt   •   Lot  Ang.l.t   •   Dallai   •   St.  Louii   •   Toronto,   Canada,   fxport   Off/con    19   Brood   Strnl,    Now   York   City 


MARCH  1945 


39 


We  let  the  Sheep  do  the  Counting! 


For  twenty  odd  years  .  .  . 
we've  stayed  awake  nights 

thinking  of  customer  problems  . 
and  counting  some  sheep. 

But  until  the  war  is  won 
We  can't  make  molds 

for  your  peacetime  products  .  .  , 
So  the  sheep  do  the  counting. 


Yet  our  door  is  open  .  .  . 
and  we'll  gladly  talk 

about  your  postwar  needs  .  .  . 
with  ideas  that  may  interest  you. 

In  the  meantime  .  .  .  get  your 
copy  of  our  booklet, 

"A  Ready  Reference  for  Plastics," 
On  your  letterhead,  please. 


i 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS.    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS,    OF    MOST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     •     NEW  JERSEY     -     Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 

NEW         YORK         OFFICE 

Chanm  Bldg.,  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N.  Y.,  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Drawing    by   Julian    Krupg 
PLASTICS'  Art   Departmtnl 


The  Advancement  of 

Plastics  in  the  Automotive 

Field  Awaits  Physical  Improvement, 

Lower  Costs  and  Increased  Standardization  of  Engineering  Data 


MARSHAL  STALIN  discussing  future  Russian  for- 
eign policy  in  Europe  will  never  be  any  cagier  than 
the  veteran  automotive  man  who  is  beset  with  questions 
about  new  car  models.  This  caginess  applies  quite  as  much 
to  discussions  of  postwar  plastics  as  it  ever  did  to  questions 
about  next  year's  streamlining. 

Nevertheless,  certain  trends  of  opinion  are  discernible  on 
the  subject. 

As  yet  they  are  only  trends,  and  events  can  change  the 
picture  overnight.  Wartime  developments  that  have  not 
yet  been  fully  examined  or  digested  by  automotive  engineers 
— secret  new  materials  and  processes  not  yet  worked  out,  or 
released  throughout  industry — may  prove  decisive  factors 
in  determining  the  extent  of  usage  of  plastics  in  the  postwar 
automobile. 

Moreover,  the  gradual,  month-by-month  advances  in 
thinking  which  occur  constantly  in  this  as  in  every  other 
field  may  themselves  amount  to  a  revolution  in  outlook, 
should  the  war  last  a  long-enough  time. 

Disregarding  all  these  potent  variables,  however,  there  is 


still  much  of  interest  to  be  noted  in  current  automotive 
thinking  about  plastics. 

The  outstanding  fact,  of  course,  is  that,  before  the  war, 
plastics  had  secured  for  themselves  a  linn  and  unassailable 
place  in  the  automotive  picture.  In  hardboiled  competition 
with  a  host  of  other  engineering  materials,  they  had  proven 
themselves  indispensable  for  a  large  number  of  constant  ap- 
plications in  the  modern  automobile.  In  many  other  places, 
they  had  attained  the  rank  of  satisfactory  and  desirable  sub- 
stitutes. 

Altogether,  there  were  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of 
one  hundred  separate  plastics  parts  that  had  found  their  way 
into  the  composite  prewar  car. 

All  this  represented  the  culmination  of  years  of  steady 
progress  by  plastics  in  the  automotive  field.  Such  progress 
is  bound  to  continue — whether  it  occurs  by  small  incre- 
ments or  in  sudden  dramatic  spurts.  Practically  every  au- 
thority will  admit  that  much. 

Right  here,  however,  it  would  probably  be  well  to  re-em- 
phasize the  natural  reticence  of  auto  men  regarding  future 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


41 


Packards  utilize  plastics  window-  and  door-handle  escutcheons 


Hudson's  plastics  array  includes  numerous  escutcheons,  knobs 


tiends  in  design.  This  disinclination  to  talk  "trends"  was 
a  predominant  characteristic  even  in  peacetime,  when  next 
year's  model  was  never  any  more  than  twelve  months  away. 
It  was  true  even  when  next  year's  processes,  materials,  and 
cost  factors  were  easily  predictable. 

Today— after  a  three-year  hiatus  in  civilian  car-building 
—with  automotive  engineers  buried  deep  in  war  work ;  with 
the  next  new  models  perhaps  years  away;  and  with  new 
materials,  costs,  and  processes  almost  a  complete  question 
mark,  it  becomes  a  more  dubious  business  than  ever  to  at- 
tempt forecasts  of  postwar  practice. 

So  it  is  not  surprising  that  discussions  of  automotive  plas- 
tics in  the  postwar  period  must  remain  in  the  realm  of  spec- 
ulation and  broad  generalities.  There  is,  however,  a  dis- 
tinct undercurrent  of  sternly  down-to-earth  talk  noticeable 
in  almost  every  auto  man's  conversations  on  the  subject. 

This  note  of  toughness — while  it  might  surprise  or  even 
dismay  some  of  the  more  ardent  evangelists  of  the  all-plas- 
tics car — is  by  no  means  a  rebuke  to  sober  hopes  for  the 
growth  of  plastics  within  the  automobile  industry.  Rather, 
it  is  a  healthy  and  realistic  reaction  to  some  of  the  fantastic 
picturizations  of  the  car-of-the-future-that-is-just-around- 
the-corner  which  have  appeared  in  a  good  many  popular 
publications  during  recent  months  and  years. 

This  tougher,  more  realistic  trend  of  thought  says  that, 
right  now,  anyone  who  predicts  a  revolution  in  car  design 
through  the  increased  use  of  plastics  immediately  after  the 
war  is  talking  through  his  hat. 

But  note  that  qualifying  joker :  "right  now."  As  has  al- 
ready been  remarked,  current  trends  of  opinion  are  only 
trends  and  events  can  change  the  picture  overnight. 

Pre-War  Gains 

Any  attempt  to  discuss  the  future  scope  of  plastics  in  the 
automotive  field,  ought  logically  to  begin  with  the  examina- 
tion of  what  had  been  accomplished  in  the  prewar  car.  So 
let's  take  a  look  at  the  various  applications  of  plastics  which 
were  found  in  the  last  automobiles  to  roll  off  the  1942  as- 
sembly lines. 

Two  undramatic  but  extensive  and  highly  standardized 
applications  immediately  present  themselves. 

One  is  the  use  of  polyvinyl  plastics  bonding  material  as 
the  interlayer  for  laminated  safety  glass. 

The  other  is  the  use  of  plastics — especially  of  the  phenolic 
type — in  the  automobile's  electrical  system.  This  use  in- 
cludes such  parts  as  terminal  blocks,  insulating  washers  and 
bushings,  coil  assembly  parts,  distributor  housing  and  rotor, 
and  a  number  of  similar  miscellaneous  items. 

Inside  the  car,  plastics  found  a  much  more  eyecatching 
and  decorative  sort  of  application,  although  here  there  was 
probably  more  variation  from  maker  to  maker  than  in  the 
two  above-mentioned  uses. 

Probably  the  outstanding  interior  application  was  the 
plastics  steering  wheel  and  horn  button.  The  plastics  steer- 
ing wheel — although  certain  qualifying  factors  do  exist  in 
regard  to  its  use — is  an  acknowledged  preference  in  both 
appearance  and  feel  and  is  apparently  headed  toward  uni- 
versal adoption  within  the  industry. 

Plastics  knobs  were  found  everywhere,  in  the  form  of 
door  handle  and  window  regulator  knobs ;  ashtray  handles ; 
gearshift  lever  knobs;  windshield  wiper,  heater,  and  light 
controls;  throttle  and  choke  knobs;  and  so  on. 

In  many  cases,  the  plastics  window  regulator  and  door 
handle  knobs  were  decoratively  augmented  by  the  use  of 
plastics  escutcheons.  And  in  some  instances,  all-plastics 
handles  were  used.  These  handles,  as  in  the  case  of  the 


The  1942  Chevrolet  uses  "Tenite,"  "Plastacele"  or  "Lumarith" 
window  regulator  handle  knobs.  "Lumarith"  also  is  used  for 
garnish  molding  on  window  regulator  and  ashtray  knobs,  for 
garnish  molding  medallions  and  regulator  handle  escutcheons 


An  ornamental  and  distinctive  use  of  plastics  is  designed  into  the  hood  emblem  on  recent  Pontiac  models 


steering  wheels,  were  molded  around  metal  inserts  for  addi- 
tional strength. 

In  most  cars,  the  dashboard  also  carried  a  number 
of  important  plastics  pieces,  in  addition  to  the  knobs  already 
mentioned.  For  instance,  certain  models  carried  a  size- 
able plastics  overlay  extending  across  the  whole  length  of 
the  panel.  Chrysler  achieved  a  particularly  attractive  ef- 
fect by  extending  this  trim  aft  across  the  doors  on  both 
sides.  In  some  cars,  this  side  trim  was  restricted  to  some 
sort  of  plastics  garnish  molding  medallion. 

Beside  the  various  forms  of  decorative  overlay,  plastics 
also  appeared  on  the  dashboard  in  the  form  of  instrument 
panels,  instrument  lenses,  dial  faces  and  even  dial  indicator 
hands.  Radio  grills,  frames,  control  knobs,  push  buttons, 
and  dials  were  also  made  of  various  plastics  materials. 

Several  models — including  some  Hudsons  and  Chryslers 
— carried  a  plastics  nameplate  at  the  bottom  center  of  the 
instrument  panel. 

Another  common  interior  use  of  plastics  was  the  urea 
dome  lamp  lens  found  in  many  cars. 

On  the  outside  of  the  car,  plastics  lenses  were  even  more 
common.  On  different  makes,  these  included  parking  light 
and  bonnet  side  light  lenses  at  the  front  of  the  car;  step 
light  lenses  at  the  sides;  and  tail  light,  and  direction  indi- 
cator lenses  at  the  rear. 

Other  exterior  applications  included  plastics  radiator 
ornaments,  trunk  ornaments  and  fender  reflectors. 

In  addition  to  the  more  or  less  decorative  uses  already 
named,  the  prewar  automobile  contained  such  miscellaneous 
applications  of  plastics  as  laminated  thrust  washers,  lami- 
nated timing  gear,  and  in  one  case  a  plastics  accelerator 
pedal. 

Studies  which  have  revealed  complete  lists  of  plastics  parts 
used  in  representative  prewar  automobiles  are  particularly 
interesting  since  they  show  the  weight  of  each  individual 


part,  as  well  as  the  combined  weight  of  all  plastics  pieces  in 
the  automobile — 3.193  pounds,  a  total  which  may  well  sur- 
prise many  enthusiasts,  representing  as  it  does  only  a  frac- 
tion of  one  percent  of  the  car's  overall  weight.  Although  this 
weight  was  increased  in  1942  Buicks  as  a  result  of  wartime 
restrictions  of  other  materials,  the  figure  is  still  illuminating 
and  is  fairly  representative  of  prewar  practice. 

Oddly  enough,  the  most  extensive  application  of  plastics 
products  in  the  automotive  field — far  and  away  the  biggest 
application  on  the  basis  of  weight  alone — are  the  synthetic- 
resin  lacquers  used  for  the  outside  finishes.  This  usage 
is  not  shown  in  any  of  the  above  tables,  nor  is  it  generally 
taken  into  consideration  in  discussions  of  automotive  plas- 
tics. 

Things  fo  Come 

So  much  for  prewar  usage  in  automobiles.  Passing  now 
from  this  solid  and  well-plowed  ground  to  the  terra  incognita 
of  postwar  possibilities  is  about  as  heady  and  precarious  an 
experience  as  disembarking  from  a  Model  T  Ford  for  a 
frontline  sweep  in  the  latest  Allied  fighter  plane. 

As  one  authority  remarked,  anything  can  happen. 

Nevertheless,  certain  opinions  have  been  given  and  we 
may  as  well  examine  them  for  what  they  are  worth. 

Perhaps  the  biggest  single  school  of  thought — biggest 
audible  school  of  thought,  at  least — adheres  to  the  opinion 
that  cars  built  in  the  immediate  postwar  period  will  be  es- 
sentially similar  to  the  1942  models,  with  little  if  any  change 
in  the  extent  to  which  plastics  are  used. 

Probably  this  situation — if  it  actually  eventuates — will 
entail  increases  in  the  use  of  plastics  materials  by  some  pro- 
ducers. But  there  is  also  the  likelihood,  not  so  attractive 
to  friends  of  the  plastics  industry,  that  certain  automobiles 
may  somewhat  reduce  their  usage  of  plastics. 

Should  this  latter  forecast  prove  correct,  the  result  will 
be  attributable  to  two  factors. 


MARCH  194.-) 


PLASTMCS 


43 


*«r« 

v 


Plastics  are  used  extensively  in  the  new  Chrysler  Windsor 


Plastics  abound  on  the  1942  Oldsmobile  dashboard— hook  latch,  ashtray,  light  switch,  knobs  and  compartment  door  panel 


One  is  that  a  certain  percentage  of  plastics  applications  in 
the  1942  lines  were  purely  war-inspired  and  were  regarded 
from  the  outset  as  a  temporary  expedient.  An  example  of 
this  is  the  blunt  statement  of  one  large  manufacturer  whose 
'42  models  had  shown  a  marked  increase  in  applied  plastics 
that  "the  use  of  plastics  in  the  immediate  postwar  automo- 
bile will  depend  on  the  availability  of  metals,  which  will  con- 
tinue to  receive  preference  for  trim." 

The  other  factor  in  this  downward  trend  will  be  the  some- 
what unpalatable  fact  that  a  few  unsatisfactory  experiences 
with  plastics  did  occur  as  late  as  the  last  year  of  automobile 
production.  Among  such  experiences  pointed  out  to 'the 
author  were  four  typical  examples.  These  included  shrink- 
ing at  the  joints  of  a  certain  steering  wheel ;  warping  of  a 
trim  piece  on  the  instrument  panel ;  weakness  under  usage 
of  one  type  of  interior  door  handle ;  and  deterioration  of  a 
tail  light  lens  when  exposed  to  a  wide  range  of  temperature 
conditions. 

The  last  of  these  examples — by  the  admission  of  the  auto- 
mobile manufacturer  himself — was  due  merely  to  a  wrong 
choice  of  material,  which  in  turn  was  due  to  the  misleading 
results  of  certain  artificial  sunlight  aging  tests.  In  other 
words,  it  was  a  difficulty  which  can  and  will  be  corrected 
in  later  design. 

Quite  possibly  this  is  also  true  to  some  extent  of  the  other 
cases.  Certainly  it  would  seem  strange  if  no  suitable  solu- 
tion could  be  worked  out  in  the  light  of  present  accumula- 
tion of  technical  knowledge  and  experience  in  just  such 
automotive  applications. 

In  any  case,  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  entire  situa- 
tion we  are  discussing  is  an  extremely  "iffy"  one.  For  as 
more  than  one  authority  took  pains  to  point  out,  the  simi- 
larity of  the  immediate  postwar  car  to  1942  models  is  very 
much  contingent  on  the  length  of  the  war  itself. 

In  other  words,  if  production  were  to  begin  in  the  com- 
paratively near  future,  similarity  to  1942  models  might  be 
a  pretty  good  bet.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  war  continues 
for  several  more  years,  all  bets  will  be  off  and  the  postwar 
automobile  may  look  like  practically  anything  under  the  sun. 

As  one  hardboiled  realist  put  it :  "Theoretically  the  cars 
put  out  right  after  the  war  will  be  pretty  much  the  same 
as  in  '42.  But  don't  swallow  that  prediction  whole  or  go 
overboard  on  the  idea.  Right  now,  maybe  that's  what 
they're  thinking.  But  that  picture  can  change  overnight.  If 
any  one  of  the  producers  got  wind  that  just  one  company 
was  planning  some  big  innovation  in  design,  they'd  all 
switch  over  and  follow  up  that  change  themselves." 

Add  to  this  the  fact  that  a  good  many  auto  men  will  say 


"Plastacele"  proves  attractive  and  durable  in  handles  and  knobs 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


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Even  in  such  commonplace  objects  as  ashtrays,  plastics  handle  design  adds  beauty  to  the  Packard.    The  rear-seat  view 
of  the   1942  Buick  illustrates  the  use  of   "Plastacele."  "Tenite"  and   "Lumarith"   in  handles,  knobs  and  escutcheons 


frankly  "We  don't  know  ourselves"  or  "We  aren't  talking," 
and  it's  easy  to  see  why  "anything  can  happen"  in  the  field 
of  automotive  plastics. 

A  few  designers — a  very  few — speak  guardedly  of  ex- 
perimental work  going  on  with  plastics  which  simply  cannot 
be  discussed.  Assuming  such  remarks  to  be  anything  more 
than  a  mere  smoke  screen,  it  is  entirely  possible  that  the 
immediate  postwar  automobile  is  in  for  the  biggest  face-lift- 
ing the  industry  has  witnessed  since  horseless  carriages  first 
took  to  the  road. 

In  discussing  the  "car  of  the  future,"  of  course — the  auto- 
mobile which  the  manufacturers  will  eventually  build  when 
they  are  able  to  completely  retool  their  plants  and  redesign 
their  products — even  the  cagiest  expert  will  admit  that  there 
are  no  hard-and-fast  limits  to  the  possibilities.  In  such  a 
situation,  plastics  may  well  expand  their  usage  manyfold  in 
the  automotive  field. 

This  is  not  to  say,  however,  that  conservative  opinions  on 
the  subject  do  not  exist  in  important  places.  More  than  one 
expert,  for  instance,  lays  heavy  stress  on  the  fact  that  the 
automobile  industry  is  metal-minded — that  metals  have  too 
firm  a  place  in  our  whole  industrial  set-up  to  be  changed 
overnight. 

Considering  the  matter  from  another  standpoint,  Stude- 


Fypical  plastics  window  regulator  and  interior  door  handles, 
ogether   with    steel   inserts,    used   on    late   Chrysler   models 


baker's  plastics  engineer  believes  that  "the  economics  of 
plastics  are  not  sufficiently  stabilized  to  forecast  any  exten- 
sive use  of  them  for  purposes  other  than  decoration." 

And  E.  C.  DeSmet  of  Willys-Overland  has  stated :  "Our 
survey  shows  that  the  plastics  industry  has  no  major  de- 
velopment to  offer  which  could  be  applied  to  the  automobile 
industry  at  acceptable  cost." 

Both  these  statements  probably  represent  fairly  short- 
range  opinions.  But  one  important  authority  is  even  will- 
ing to  go  on  record  with  the  statement : 

"There  undoubtedly  will  be  some  extension  of  the  use  of 
plastics,  but  it  will  be  a  gradual  change-over  from  year  to 
year  as  specific  problems  are  overcome."  (The  italics  are 
ours. )  Such  a  statement  would  seem  to  entirely  discount  the 
possibility  of  sudden  dramatic  spurts  of  growth  within  the 
realm  of  automotive  plastics. 

Interestingly  enough,  by  the  way,  the  above  opinion  seems 
somewhat  at  odds  with  another  opinion  expressed  within  the 
same  company.  According  to  this  latter  viewpoint,  plastics 
will  never  come  into  their  own  in  the  automotive  field  as 
long  as  engineers  proceed  by  a  piecemeal  redesign  of  parts. 
The  all-plastics  car,  or  the  nearest  practical  approach  to  it, 
says  this  authority,  will  appear  only  when  designers  are 
willing  to  rebuild  their  product  from  the  ground  up. 

Where  and  How 

Perhaps  the  clearest  picture  of  postwar  possibilities  is  ob- 
tained when  expert  outlooks  are  focussed  on  the  question  of 
specific  directions  of  advance  for  automotive  plastics.  "Ex- 
actly where  and  how" — many  of  the  automotive  engineers 
were  asked — "is  the  use  of  plastics  most  likely  to  be  ex- 
panded in  eventual  postwar  design  ?" 

Far  and  away  the  most  frequent  answer  obtained  dealt 
with  the  interior  uses  of  plastics.  Fabrics,  for  example — 
for  upholstery,  seat  covers,  and  convertible  tops — were 
pointed  out  as  a  particularly  good  field  for  expansion.  Both 
the  synthetic  materials  and  the  plastics-coated  fabrics  are 
highly  desirable  for  automotive  use  because  of  their  dura- 
bility, ease  of  cleaning,  and  pleasant  feel — not  to  mention 
their  stunningly  attractive  appearance. 

Plastics  garnish  moldings,  seat  trim,  door  scuff  pads,  and 
sunshades  are  also  quite  probably  in  the  offing.  One  en- 
gineer even  suggested  that  the  entire  dashboard  section 
may  eventually  be  made  of  plastics,  mounted  (of  course) 
on  a  steel  frame. 

More  than  one  authority  also  pointed  out  the  possibility 
of  plastics  interior  door  panels.  These  have  already  been 


46 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Pan  American 

Uses  Tenite 

To  Blast  Carbon 

From  Pistons 


/GRANULATIONS  of  Tenite  are  used  by  Pan 
\JT  American  World  Airways  to  blast  carbon 
from  pistons.  Blown  at  high  pressure  in  sand- 
l.l.i-iin-  equipment,  the  pellets  knock  carbon 
from  piston  sides  and  ring  grooves  and  give  the 
metal  a  polish  without  abrasion. 

By  the  addition  of  Tenite  pellets  to  the  clover 
seed,  wheat,  or  cracked  corn  particles  previously 
used  alone,  blasting  time  may  be  cut  in  half. 
The  grain  particles  absorb  the  oily  smudge  from 
ill-  pellets  and,  when  reduced  to  a  flour,  pass 
out  of  the  exhaust.  Tenite,  by  virtue  of  its  ex- 
treme toughness,  does  not  become  pulverized 
from  the  force  of  blasting;  and  only  four  to  five 
ounces  of  Tenite  pellets  in  a  charge  are  con- 
sumed per  blasting  hour. 

Except  that  they  are  smaller,  the  pellets  re- 
semble those  supplied  to  the  industry  for  the 
molding  and  extrusion  of  many  nationally 
known  products.  Information  on  Tenite  and 
its  uses  may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the 

TENNESSEE  EASTMAN  CORPORATION 

(Subsidiary  of  Eastman  Kodak  Company) 

MNGSPORT,  TENNESSEE 


TENITE 


Plastics  dashboard  knobs,  switches  mark  the  1942  Lincoln  Zephyr  In  the  1942  Nash,  plastics  offer  beauty  of  texture  and  design 


Molding  medallions  are  among  plastics  items  on  1942  Chevrolets 


"Plastacele"  finds  varied  application  in  the  PonUac  Torpedo 


Close-up  showing  the  attractiveness  of  "Plastacele"  knobs 

achieved  in  certain  vehicles,  and  the  main  problem  is  one  of 
obtaining  a  suitable  effect  of  warmth  and  comfort,  rather 
than  of  surmounting  any  particular  engineering  difficulties. 

This  latter  point,  by  the  way,  might  well  serve  to  remind 
us  that  plastics  can  achieve  a  notable  increase  in  their 
automotive  usage  merely  by  concentrating  on  the  applica- 
tions which  are  already  in  effect  on  the  various  individual 
makes  of  automobiles,  without  even  touching  on  the  many 
possibilities  which  have  yet  to  be  explored. 

On  the  outside  of  the  car,  there  is  likewise  plenty  of  room 
for  consolidation  and  expansion.  Radiator  ornaments, 
nameplates,  and  even  such  items  of  hardware  as  the  door 
handles  are  only  a  few  of  the  likely  possibilities  for  in- 
creased use  of  plastics. 

To  the  man  in  the  street,  one  of  the  most  attractive  ideas 
in  the  automotive  plastics  field  is  that  of  transparent  plastics 
domes  and  tops.  Perhaps  no  other  single  feature  has  re- 
ceived so  much  attention  from  forward-looking,  idea-minded 
industrial  designers. 

The  majority  of  expert  opinion,  however,  seems  to  indi- 
cate that  any  such  development  is  a  long  way  over  the  hori- 
zon— if  indeed  it  will  ever  prove  practical. 

The  biggest  drawback  is  the  possibility  of  sunburn — not 
to  mention  the  uncomfortable  amount  of  heat  during  torrid 
weather — to  which  a  transparent  plastic  top  exposes  the 
driver.  Such  difficulties  have  already  been  personally  ex- 
perienced by  Edward  Macauley,  the  well-known  Packard 
design  engineer,  whose  specially-built,  plastic-topped  Pack- 
ard is  a  familiar  sight  on  the  streets  of  Detroit.  A  similar 


48 


PJL4STICS 


MARCH  1945 


One  of  the  most  extensive  uses  of  plastics  for  Interior  trim  is  Illustrated  in  the  dashboard  of  the  1942  Ford  Deluxe 


report  of  "too  much  ultra-violet"  has  also  been  forthcoming 
from  one  company  following  its  experience  with  the  plastics 
dome  of  a  special  bus  model. 

Even  the  slanting  windshields  of  certain  1942  passenger 
designs  have  drawn  complaints  of  sunburned  legs  from  fe- 
male users. 

Another  drawback  frequently  mentioned  against  plastics 
tops  is  their  tendency  to  scratch — a  difficulty  which  most  en- 
gineers feel  has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  solved  and  which 
they  believe  would  soon  destroy  the  attractive  appearance 
of  the  entire  surface. 

At  least  one  automotive  authority  also  emphasizes  the 
safety  angle — at  least,  as  it  relates  to  the  idea  of  all-plastics 
overhead  construction.  From  this  standpoint,  he  believes 
that  an  all-plastics  top  would  represent  a  backward  step  in 
automotive  development  as  compared  to  the  sturdy  protec- 
tion of  the  present-day  all-steel  construction. 

It  is  only  fair  to  mention,  however,  that  one  designer  is 
sticking  boldly  to  his  conviction  that  some  form  of  plastics 
dome  is  definitely  on  its  way  into  the  postwar  automotive 
picture.  And  another  spurce  claims  that  one  manufacturer 
is  actually  experimenting  with  an  upper  plastics  extension 
of  the  windshield  fitted  with  a  sort  of  venetian-blind  feature 
to  eliminate  the  problem  which  is  created  by  excessive 
sunshine. 

Which  forecasts  are  correct?  Certainly  we  would  not 
care  to  say.  The  reader — if  he  feels  particularly  psychic — 
is  invited  to  draw  his  own  conclusion. 

The  sixty-four-dollar  question,  of  course,  is  the  all-too- 


familiar  query  about  the  eventual  structural  use  of  plastics 
in  automobiles — the  possibility,  perhaps  of  an  all-plastics 
body.  Will  it  ever  materialize,  or  is  it  strictly  a  pipe-dream 
in  the  minds  of  fanatical  enthusiasts? 

People  who  attempt  to  answer  this  question  (and  ex- 
tremely few  have  enough  intestinal  fortitude  to  try)  are  apt 
to  refer  to  three  separate  examples  in  such  directions. 

The  first,  and  perhaps  least  known,  is  an  all-plastics  body 
supposed  to  have  been  built  by  Germany's  big  Auto  Union 
Concern.  This  experiment  was  announced  with  great  fan- 
fare by  no  less  a  personage  than  Adolf  Hitler  himself  at  the 
opening  of  the  Berlin  Motor  Show  in  1938.  The  body  con- 
struction was  entirely  of  laminated  paper  or  fabric  im- 
pregnated with  resin,  and  the  unit  had  supposedly  survived 
a  grueling  series  of  road  tests  before  its  introduction  to 
the  public. 

Unfortunately,  the  eventual  outcome  of  this  attempt  is 
shrouded  in  mystery,  for  no  further  word  on  its  success  or 
failure  was  forthcoming  from  the  Nazis.  However,  an 
adaptation  of  the  same  car  design  did  appear  in  North 
Africa,  using  a  light  pressed  steel  body — which  may  indi- 
cate that  the  plastics  construction  never  panned  out  in 
practice. 

The  next  case  in  point  is  that  of  the  transparent-bodied 
Pontiac  which  was  placed  on  exhibition  at  the  New  York 
and  San  Francisco  Fairs.  Of  course,  this  design  was  never 
intended  for  anything  but  display,  but  the  very  fact  of  its 
successful  construction  was  enough  to  create  excitement  and 
(Continued  OH  page  339) 


MARCH  1945 


fLASTlCS 


49 


WKMC^ffW 


ENGINEERING    ABILITY 

Above  you  see  a  part  of  the  Amos  engineering  department, 
where  men  with  unusual  ability  design  the  part  or  product  for 
practical  utility— for  functional  use— for  dependable  efficiency 
—for  fine  appearance,  if  desired.  In  the  picture  you  see  J.  C. 
Kazimier,  chief  engineer,  checking  a  job  on  one  of  the  boards. 


PERFECT    DIE    WORK 

Above  you  see  one  section  of  the  Amos  die  shop— some  of  the 
tool  makers  and  a  small  part  of  the  equipment  used  to  build 
and  maintain  molds  and  fixtures  that  produce  perfect  jobs.  In 
the  picture  you  see  the  chief  tool  maker  and  production  super- 
intendent examining  a  mold  that's  made  ready  for  the  press. 


MODELS    FOR    APPROVAL 

Below  you  see  one  section  of  the  Amos  model  shop— a  division 
of  engineering— where  designers  develop  handmade  samples 
of  the  part  or  product  for  approval  of  engineers,  before  the 
molding  dies  and  fixtures  are  built  for  production. 


EFFICIENT     PRODUCTION 

Below  you  see  one  battery  of  injection  presses  in  the  Amos 
plant,  where  any  thermoplastic  material  is  molded  with  speed 
and  efficiency  to  meet  the  most  exacting  requirements.  These 
facilities  are  being  greatly  expanded  in  the  new  Amos  plant. 


J. 

QUALITY     CONTROL 

Above  you  see  one  of  the  quality  control  stations  in  the  Amos 
plant,  where  women  with  precision  gauges  check  for  uniformity 
of  size  and  fit  and  tolerances  required.  In  this  picture,  the  de- 
partment foreman  is  explaining  the  requirements  of  a  job  to 
one  of  the  workers. 


ACCURATE    FINISHING 

Below  you  see  a  section  of  the  Amos  finishing  department, 
where  parts  are  accurately  drilled,  assembled  and  combined 
with  pieces  of  metal,  wood,  glass  and  other  materials  as  spec- 
ified by  the  customer.  Amos  facilities  are  complete. 


The  Amos  plant  above  — about 
to  be  completed  — will  expand 
the  company's  facilities  lor 
injection  and  compression 
molding. 


The  New  Amos  Office  Building 


Amos  does  a  complete  job— and  does  it  right— from 
engineering  to  finishing.  The  right  plastics  are  used 
in  the  right  places— combined  with  metal  inserts  and 
other  materials  as  required.  You'll  appreciate  our  en- 
gineering service  and  our  complete  facilities  for  doing 
your  job  the  way  you  want  it  done.  Just  send  us  your 
drawings  or  write  us  what  you  have  in  mind  now. 

AMOS   MOLDED   PLASTICS,  EDINBURGH,  INDIANA 

D'viiion  of  Amoi.rhompion  Corporation 


Outstanding  uses  lor  plastics  in  packaging  include  spiral  "Ethocel."  "Tenite"  dental  burr  boxes  and  "Pliofilm"  food  bags 


EVEN  before  the  war,  packaging  was  utilizing  a  great 
variety  of  forms  of  plastics.  Where,  in  most  other 
plastics  applications  the  requirements  were  pretty  well  cov- 
ered by  molding  powders  and  by  cast  and  extruded  resins, 
the  packaging  industry,  in  addition  to  these  forms  of  plas- 
tics, had  in  use  foils,  films  and  coatings.  And  since  the 
forms  of  plastics  employed  covered  so  much  ground,  the 
fabrication  processes  were  also  more  diverse  than  in  other 
plastics  operations. 


At  the  same  time,  all  of  the  materials  were  finding  ne\\] 
packaging  functions.  In  addition,  materials  that  had  beei| 
confined  to  one  packaging  function  were  being  applied  to! 
others,  as  well ;  and  with  the  packaging  requirements  of  the! 
military  services  greatly  stimulated,  this  development  wad 
accelerated  noticeably.  Rigid  transparent  sheeting,  for  ex] 
ample,  the  largest  commercial  adaptation  of  which  had! 
been  to  counter  display  and  direct-to-consumer  packaging! 
found  valuable  military  container  applications  in  the  fornl 
of  pill  boxes  and  other  drug  holders,  utility  kits,  emergenc)! 
ration  containers,  first  aid  kits  and  replacement  parts  boxes! 
All  of  these  new  uses  hold  an  augury  for  postwar  packaging! 


IT  UP/ 


In  some  cases,  conversion  of  government-issue  packaging 
would  require  hardly  any  change  in  form,  as  in  the  case  oi 
the  utility  kit,  the  pill  box  and  the  spare  parts  box.  In  oth- 
ers, after  some  modification,  the  transformation  will  take  the 
form  of  sewing  kits,  jewelry  boxes,  fishing  tackle  boxes,  etc. 
A  breakdown  of  packaging  by  function  of  the  package 
resolves  the  field  into  the  following  chief  categories:  (1) 
protective;  (2)  sales-incentive;  (3)  re-use;  (4)  dispenser; 
(5)  closures.  There  is,  however,  a  considerable  overlap- 
ping of  function.  As  an  example,  transparent  protective 
foil  embodies  a  sales-incentive  angle,  although  that  is  only 
incidental  to  the  purpose  of  the  packaging. 

The  40-gage  inner  "Pliofilm"  cheese  wrap  inhibits  mold  growth 


Deep-drawn  "Ethocel"  sheeting  provides  strong,  seamless  boxes. 
The    oil    containers    are    fibre    with    heavy    thermoplastic    lining 


Meats,  fruit  and  vegetables  are  also  protected  by  "Pliofilm" 


Protective  packaging  covers  a  wide  range  of  commercial 
Id  industrial  applications,  among  them  the  preservation 
I  perishables,  especially  foods ;  protection  against  corro- 
pn,  as  in  metal  parts ;  moisture-vapor  exclusion  or  reten- 
•n:  reinforcement  for  protection  against  impact. 
|  Except  for  the  recent  appearance  of  the  dip-strip  form 
I  coating,  plastics  coatings  for  the  protection  of  package 
Intents  have  been  applied  upon  non-plastic  materials  as  a 
Hinanent  alteration  of  the  character  of  the  material — as 
~mt  case  of  coatings  on  paper,  metal  foil  and  fabrics — to 
rovide  a  resultant  protective  packaging.  Plastics  sub- 
ances  that  have  found  their  way  into  coating  applications 


"Ethocel"   rigid   sheeting   adds   individuality   to   containers. 


^•K       •. 

-*,          *KA 

:<*-•••    >• 
..."    w 


&  nu  W 


Plastics 


aging   utters 


Protection,  Preservation  and  Appeal 


iclude  rubber-derivative  resins,  which  have  been  used  to 
oat  paper  bags,  glassine  wrappers,  milk  containers,  etc. ; 
[ic  vinyl  resins,  extensively  used  on  paper  and  metal  foil 
)  provide  moisture-proof,  chemical-resistant  packaging  for 
kilitary  items;  ethyl  cellulose,  for  toughening  laminations 
(nd  in  hot-melt  dips,  as  for  bread  wrap  stock;  melamine 
lar  paper  impregnation  and  bonding.  A  number  of  plastics 
!  f  which  coatings  are  made  (ethyl  cellulose  as  an  example) 
Krform  an  intermediary  protective  function  by  providing 
keat-and-pressure  sensitive  adhesives  for  the  lamination  of 
•thcr  packaging  materials  to  each  other,  such  as  paper, 
•  >il  and  cellophane. 


Moisture-proof  "Saran"  is  sealed  by  squeezing  on  a  lead  ring 

One  of  the  postwar  possibilities  of  plastics  coating  ma- 
terials is  the  sift-proofing  of  textile  bags.  Another  that 
can  be  envisioned  is  the  sealing  of  textile  bags  by  a  seam 
of  liquid  plastic,  heat-and-pressure  bonded  to  the  fabric  and 
replacing  the  usual  sewn  or  eyeleted  string. 

A  new  warborn  form  of  coating  that  holds  postwar  prom- 
ise is  the  hot-melt  dip  application  of  a  thick,  tough,  resilient 
coat  directly  upon  the  product.  The  process,  which  may 


Pastel  "Ethocel'  -coated  papers  make  an  artistic  cologne  package;  "Pliofilm"  displaces  metal  for  tobacco  containers,  protects  celery 


How  sales-incentive  and  re-use  packaging  may  be  com- 
bined is  illustrated  by  this  group  oi  perfume  bottles  made 
of  cast  "Catalin."  The  pail  can  serve  many  other  purposes 


Transparent  display  fixtures  such  as  this  Monsanto  "Vue- 
pak"  cover  for  Houbigant  toiletries,  may  also  be  used  as 
super-containers  in  order  to  sell  several  items  as  a  set 


be  characterized  as  the  dip-strip  type  of  coating  and  which 
is  exemplified  by  Dow  Stripcoat,  has  found  its  largest  adop- 
tion in  the  coating  of  metal  parts  with  ethylcellulose  to  pro- 
vide protection  against  corrosion  during  the  period  before 
use.  A  hot  melt  of  ethylcellulose  is  kept  liquid  at  a  tem- 
perature of  325°  to  390°.  The  part  to  be  coated  is  dipped 
for  from  2  to  5  sec.  and  is  then  lifted  out  and  allowed  to 
cool  at  room  temperature  for  about  30  sec.  Without  further 
processing,  the  part  is  ready  to  be  boxed  and  shipped.  When 
the  part  is  about  to  be  put  to  use,  a  slit  is  made  in  the  coat 
and  the  coat  is  stripped  or  shelled  off.  There  is  no  adhe- 
sion to  the  part.  Since  no  grease  is  used  in  preparing  the 
part  for  packaging,  it  is  ready  for  use  without  further  proc- 
essing. 

If  dip-strip  coating  is  to  realize  its  potentialities  for  post- 
war use,  the  whole  coating  operation  would  have  to  be 
automatic.  Considering  the  simplicity  of  the  process,  it 
would  seem  that  automatic  operation,  with  the  move-dip- 
move  cycle  automatically  controlled,  would  not  present  sig- 
nificant difficulties.  Another  foreseeable  development  lies 
in  the  material  itself.  At  present,  since  the  function  of  the 
coat  is  simply  protection,  visibility  through  the  coating  and 
color  of  coat  are  of  relatively  minor  consequence.  But  if 
the  coat  was  transparent,  a  sales-stimulating  element  would 
be  added  and  the  application  would  be  adaptable  to  a  num- 
ber of  consumer  metal  goods.  In  addition,  if  hot-melt  tem- 
peratures can  be  lowered,  the  application  can  be  extended 
to  goods  other  than  metal. 

In  the  consideration  of  plastic  foil  and  film  in  protective 
packaging,  it  is  well  to  remember  that  no  standard  dis- 
tinction has  yet  been  established  between  the  terms  "foil" 
and  "film."  In  ordinary  packaging  parlance,  foil  is  under- 
stood to  be  a  very  thin  gauge  of  film.  Some  makers  of 
these  packaging  materials  have  established  their  own  defini- 
tions of  the  terms  based  on  stated  ranges  of  thickness.  Cel- 
anese  Plastics  Corporation,  for  instance,  places  foil  in  the 
range  of  gauges  .0005"  to  .002"  and  film  in  the  range  of 
.003"  to  .020",  with  sheeting  at  .005"  to  .250".  Pegging 
terms  in  this  manner  provides  the  maker  of  the  material 
with  a  convenient  handle  for  recognition  in  the  normal  con- 
duct of  business.  For  industry  as  a  whole,  however,  the 
terms  remain  undefined.  One  reason  is  that,  functionally, 
there  is  overlapping  from  the  upper  gauges  of  foil  to  the 
lower  gauges  of  film  and  from  most  gauges  of  film  to  the 
lower  gauges  of  sheeting. 

Foil  and  film  have  found  their  widest  packaging  applica- 


*{  SARA-SEAL 


SAV-W/IY 
INDUSTRIES 


THIS  free  booklet  describes  completely 
the  principle  and  operation  of  the  amaz- 
ing machine  which  seals  an  almost  limitless 
variety  of  products  in  moisture-proof,  air- 
tight, floating  bags  of  transparent  plastic. 
It  gives  technical  data  on  sealing  methods 
and  materials.  A  book  for  everyone  inter- 
ested in  protective  packaging.  The  coupon 
will  bring  your  copy. 


Pleoie    tend   mt   o   copy    of   your   now    Sflro-Sool   booklet. 


NAME 


POSITION 


MACHINE 


TOOL         DIVISION 


BOX    117,    HARPER    STATION 
DETROIT     13,     MICHIGAN 


FIRM 

ADDRESS 
CITY 


STATE. 


MARCH   191.") 


PLASTICS 


Toughness  and  ductility  permit  "Ethocel"  to  be  crimped  to  tin-can  stock 
in  a  can-forming  machine.  A  metal  head  can  be  made  lor  use  with 
a  friction  can  top.  The  metal  bottom  adds  rigidity  and  durability 


lions  in  crimp-sealed  and  heat-sealed  bags  for  foods,  boi 
fresh  and  dry ;  in  the  all-over  envelope,  in  which  the  film 
folded  around  the  product,  with  the  open  edges  gather 
and  either  twist-locked  or  crimp-sealed ;  in  all-over  contai 
ing  wrap  superimposed  on  an  already  completed  containe 
usually  of  paper  or  paperboard ;  in  window  packaging ;  a 
in  laminated  wrap.     Most   of   these  types  of  packagin 
though  not  all,  are  for  protective  purposes  and  their  norm 
peacetime  applications  have  been  both  modified  and 
tended  by  military  needs. 

Plastics  substances  from  which  foil  and  film  are  produc 
include  cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  nitrate,  ethylcellulo 
vinyl  resins,  rubber  derivatives,  a  special  vinylidene  chloric 
derivative  and  a  few  others.  Rubber-derivative  film  has  be< 
almost  entirely  preempted  by  the  military  services.  San 
film,  a  vinylidene  chloride  product  with  a  wide  range 
protective  characteristics,  is  now  being  made  only  for  w; 
uses  and  only  in  one  form,  confined  to  protecting  met 
parts.  Pliofilm,  which  is  of  pure  natural  rubber  reactc 
with  hydrochloride  and  which  has  excellent  moisture-vap< 
impedance,  is  being  used  entirely  by  the  military,  large 
for  all-over  packaging  of  aircraft  engines.  A  new  peac 
time  use  for  this  plastics  is  already  projected  in  solving  t 
problem  of  the  preservation,  over  long  periods,  of  high 
perishable  fruits  and  vegetables.  The  substance  to  be  us< 
for  the  purpose  is  "tensilized  Pliofilm."  Fresh  fruit, 
order  to  stay  fresh,  must  "breathe";  it  must  give  off  carbc 
dioxide  and  receive  some  oxygen.  Tensilized  Pliofilm  h 
the  peculiar  property  of  holding  moisture  in  while  permi 
ting  the  exit  of  CO2  and  admitting  enough  oxygen  to  su 
port  slow  metabolism. 

Up  to  this  point,  protective  packaging  has  been  consi 
ered  only  from  the  viewpoint  of  protection  of  the  packaj 
contents.     But  there  is  also  the  function  of  protection 
the  user,  as  well  as  of  things  with  which  the  package  m; 
come  into  contact.     Protective  packaging  of  motor  oils 
an  example,  as  are  also  the  protective  wrapping  of  greas 
food  items  like  bacon  and  scrapple.     Packaging  protectic 
against  food  greases  ordinarily  takes  the  form  of  foil 
film  wrapping  of  the  contents.     Containers  of  oil  and  i 
dustrial  greases  that  are  made  of  paper  or  paperboard  i 
stead  of  tin  are  given  protective  character  by  a  plasti 
coating  on   the  container  material   or  by  laminations 
plastics  foil. 

Safes-incentive  Packaging 

Packaging  that  stimulates  sales  overlaps  all  other  pac 
aging  functions  at  one  point  or  other.  Protective  packagin 
especially  of  foods,  is  itself  an  incentive  and  an  invitatu 
to  purchase.  A  wrap  of  transparent  film  around  an  appl 
for  instance,  produces  a  brightness  that  has  tremendous  ej 
appeal.  Almost  all  re-use  packaging  is  sales-incentive  pac 
aging.  Attractively  designed  plastics  dispenser  packagin 
like  perfume  bottles,  is  again  sales-incentive  packaging.  Ai 
even  closures  assume  a  sales-stimulating  character  whe 
they  are  of  unusual  design,  as  in  the  case  of  many  plastic 
caps  on  glass  bottles  of  cosmetic  liquids. 

There  are,  however,  two  broad  classes  of  packaging  c 
purely  sales-incentive  character  with  no  auxiliary  functio 
or  almost  none.  One  is  the  strictly  decorative  consume 
package,  packaging  that  simply  creates  an  atmosphei 
around  the  product  and  which  accompanies  it  in  purchas 
The  other  is  display,  more  especially  counter  display,  pacl 
aging. 


In  the  category  of  sales-incentive  consumer  packaging,  as 
stiiigtiished  irom  display,  practically  all  gauges  of  plas- 
.i  matt-rial*  arc  ulili/cil.      transparent  toil  and  film,  for 
istance,  an-  ii.-i-d  in  window  packages,  in  which  the  plastics 
i  applied  only  to  an  aperture  in  a  package  constructed  of 
tlu-r  mail-rial,  mosl  ollcn  paper.     Visibility  of  contents  is 
lie  only  purpose  of  the  windows,  so  that  the  him  functions 
urely  a^  a  >ales  stimulant.    A  high-gloss  coating,  whether 
o  white  or  in  color,  on  paper  wrap  stock  shows  another 
of  plastics  aimed  at  the  same  goal.     The  purpose  is 
realized  by  foil  laminated  to  paper  stock  wrap. 
Rigid   sheeting — of   cellulose   acetate,   cellulose   nitrate, 
lylcellulose,  vinyl  acetate  and  other  plastics — was  experi- 
an  extraordinarily  rapid  development  in  sales-in- 
cniive  packaging  even  before  the  war  and  bids  fair  to 
a.-tly  extend  its  applications  and  quickly  discover  new  ones 
Q  peacetime. 

A  birds-eye  view  of  both  the  potentialities  of  rigid  sheet- 
ing and  some  of  the  problems,  that  need  solving  has  been 
ontributed  to  this  discussion  by  David  S.  Hopping,  director 
if  sales  development  of  the  Celanese  Plastics  Corporation. 

"In  the  five-year  period  preceding  the  war,"  Mr.  Hopping 
Observes  "there  was  a  tremendous  increase  in  the  use  of 
•igid  transparent  containers.  The  demand  was  for  beautiful 
tackages  that  would  dress  up  merchandise  of  every  descrip- 
ion  in  order  to  assure  eye  appeal  and  justify  profitable 
frrice  differentials.  Yet  the  expansion  of  the  rigid  trans- 
•t-nt  container  market  was  not  nearly  as  great  as  it  might 
ive  been  because  of  three  decidedly  limiting  factors: 
'First,  there  was  the  attitude  of  the  market  itself.  It 
to  think  of  plastic  containers  as  'glamour'  packaging 
,rily  suitable  for  consumer  goods.  The  war  changed 
Paratroop  first  aid  kits,  check  list  and  work  ticket 
TS,  spare  parts  containers,  screw,  bolt  and  nut  boxes, 
is  of  containers  for  ammunition  components — all  of 
effectively  demonstrated  the  functional  value  of  rigid 
irent  packaging  and  assured  for  it  an  important  place 


Unaffected  by  paint  solvents  and  oils.  "Saran"  film  is  used 
to  store  brushes  after  use.  as  well  as  for  display  packaging 


"Styton"  —  Dow  polystyrene — 
can  be  used  to  stylize  even  such 
everyday  items  as  bottle  caps. 
It  also  takes  a  durable  thread 


Razor  equipment  can  be  packed  neatly  in  this  type  of  'Tenite"  container 


fl 


:   - 


" 

• 


Air-exhausted  "Pliofilm"  bags,  containing  silica  gel  to  absorb   moisture,  help  safeguard  aircraft  engines  against  corrosion 


in  the  industrial  and  utility  markets  after  the  war. 

"Second,  fabricating  equipment  was  limited.  Prior  to 
the  war  there  was  no  general  development  of  automatic 
high-speed  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  these  rigid 
containers.  The  resultant  labor  cost  kept  transparents 
out  of  a  great  many  mass  markets  where  packaging  was 
highly  competitive.  Now,  however,  the  high-speed  auto- 
matic drawing  equipment  and  other  machines  developed  by 
Celanese,  as  well  as  automatic  equipment  being  developed 
by  several  package  machine  manufacturers,  will,  after  the 
war,  progressively  eliminate  this  major  production  deterrent. 

"Lack  of  moisture-vapor  protection  has  been  a  third 
drawback.  Although  rigid  plastic  transparents  made  beau- 
tiful, glamorous  packages,  they  did  not  give  sufficient  moist- 
ure-vapor protection  and  therefore  were  unsuitable  for  such 


items  as  confections,  coffee,  tobacco,  cigars,  etc.  These 
products  had  to  be  pre-wrapped  in  a  thin,  moistureproof, 
transparent  sheet  when  packed  in  rigid  transparent  con- 
tainers, an  expensive  packaging  operation.  To  date,  no  one 
has  announced  a  rigid  transparent  sheet  of  sufficiently  low 
moisture-vapor  transmission  rate  for  such  products ;  but 
considerable  development  work  has  been  and  is  still  being 
done  on  the  problem  and  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  important 
results  will  be  made  public  when  materials  are  again  avail- 
able for  civilian  use. 

"These,  then,  were  the  three  major  problems  rigid  trans- 
parent plastics  packaging  had  to  overcome.  How  successfully 
they  have  been  overcome  is  best  demonstrated  by  the  wide 
application  of  transparent  packaging  in  every  branch  of  the 
Armed  Services.  Their  satisfactory  performance  makes  it 


Originally  a  container  for  shaving  equipment,  this  "Catalin" 
box  is  ideal  for  cigarettes — an  outstanding  example  of  re-use 


Easy  access,  visibility  and  protection  are  ofiered  by  "Lumar 
ith"  boxes  for  items  ranging  from  small  parts  to  powder  puffs 


\ 


Speed,  economy  and  accuracy  are  typical  performance 
features  of  a  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine. 
The  milling  operation  on  this  master  hob  is  an  excellent 
example.  Read  this  job  report  — 

MASTER  HOI— MATERIAL— High  Carbon— High  Chrome  Steel. 
TIME  DISTRIBUTION— Set-up,  y4;  Layout,  1 1/4;  Rough  Mill 
Complete,  10;  Finish  Mill  Complete,  29.  A  total  time  of  41  hours. 

Check  these  advantages  of  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head 
Milling  Machine  and  how  you  can  benefit  from  them 
in  your  own  shop: 

DIRECT  .  .  .  mills  mold  cavities  in  a  single  set-up  with- 
out the  aid  of  templets  or  models. 


ACCURATE  .  .  .  chances  for  error  are  eliminated  be- 
cause there  is  no  change  in  set-up.  Exact  control  of 
all  combinations  of  cutting  movements  —  possible 
only  with  this  machine  —  transmits  mathematical 
precision  to  the  work. 

FAST  .  .  .  initial  job  preparation  and  set-up  time  is  re- 
duced to  the  minimum.  Accurate  performance  of  the  ma- 
chine saves  operator's  time  and  rapid  production  of  in- 
tricate molds  and  dies  is  the  result. 

Write  for  Bulletin  No.  1002C  and  complete  information. 


Kearney  Ac  Trecker 


BUILDERS  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGETMILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER  •  AUTOMETRIC  JIG  BORER  •  CENTER  SCOPE. 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee   14,  WUconiin 


Among  the  many  uses  for  "Cellophane,"  regenerated  cellu- 
lose, is  the  protective  packaging  of  aircraft  metal  parts 


plain  that  in  the  postwar  era  of  air  freight,  speedy  distribu- 
tion and  competitive  selling,  they  will  play  a  major  role. 
An  amazingly  rapid  development  in  rigid  transparent  plas- 
tics packaging  awaits  only  the  release  of  these  materials 
for  civilian  uses." 

While  the  transparents  have  exerted  the  greatest  influence 
on  the  market  for  sales-incentive  packaging  of  rigid  sheet- 
ing, the  transparent  color  and  opaque  color  types  have  by 
no  means  been  falling  by  the  wayside.  They  are  being 
utilized  both  alone  and  in  two-tone  combinations.  There 
are  combinations  of  clear  transparent  and  transparent  color, 
of  opaque  and  transparent,  of  opaque  in  one  shade  with 
opaque  in  another.  Color  combinations  in  rigid  sheeting 


obviously  constitute  a  fertile  field  for  postwar  expansion. 

What  is  known  in  the  plastics  and  packaging  industries 
as  rigid  sheeting  is  rigid  only  in  relation  to  foil  and  film. 
Actually,  rigid  sheeting,  even  in  its  maximum  gauges,  is  a 
semi-flexible  material  at  normal  temperatures.  Fully  rigid 
packaging  is  predominantly  a  molded,  cast  or  extruded  prod- 
uct, and  is  of  heavy  gauge  as  compared  with  rigid  sheeting. 
Heavy-gauge  consumer  packaging  of  this  type  for  purely 
sales-incentive  purposes  has  also  been  finding  increasing 
application.  Aside  from  the  fact  that  most  molded  and  cast 
re-use  packaging  lies  in  this  category,  there  has  been  a 
considerable  number  of  purely  sales-incentive  packages  fab- 
ricated in  heavy  gauge.  Wristwatch  cases  are  one  ex- 
ample. An  originally  unconventional  but  now  familiar  ap- 
plication of  heavy-gauge  consumer  packaging  to  sales 
stimulation  is  the  small  polystyrene  holder  for  the  RCA 
long-playing  phonograph  needle.  In  this  application,  not 
only  did  transparency  play  a  part,  but  another  characteristic 
of  the  material  was  put  to  highly  effective  use :  the  magni- 
fying quality  of  optically  cut  convex  surfaces.  There's  a 
suggestion  for  the  future  in  that  point  alone. 

The  plastics  used  in  packaging  of  the  molded  and  cast 
type  are  of  broad  range  and  include  such  substances  as  cel- 
lulose acetate,  cellulose  acetate  butyrate,  polystyrene,  the 
phenolics,  the  ureas,  acrylics  and  others.  Acrylics,  which 
would  seem  to  be  a  "natural"  for  Sales-incentive  and  re-use 
packaging,  are  somewhat  handicapped,  as  far  as  the  lower- 
priced  packaging  field  is  concerned,  by  materials  cost.  They 
are,  however,  used  for  packaging  of  costly  contents  for 
which  a  costly  container  is  not  out  of  proportion. 

The  employment  of  plastics  in  counter  display  packag- 
ing was  developing  rapidly  well  before  the  war.  Much  of 
that  progress  may  be  attributed  to  rigid  sheeting,  but  the 
(Continued  on  page  346) 


These  parts  have  been  double-dipped  in  ethyl  cellulose  "Stripcoat."  Overlap  Joints  increase  moisture  protection 


t* 


The  experimental  department  to 
which  many  of  your  problem! 
hove  been  entrusted,  and  solved. 


The  me/a/  working  and  i/amp- 

ing    equipment  is   unsurpoueJ 

in  quantity  and  quality. 


Mofdmg  is  accomplished  under  wofth- 
ful  eye  of  plastic  technicians  on  the 
most  modern  machines  for  the  purpose. 


Planned 
Perfection 

Even  a  pen  picture  journey  through 
the  CINCH  plants  .  .  .  must  reveal 
enough  of  the  completeness,  the 
thoroughness,  and  ability  of  CINCH 
to  tackle  the  problem  to  convince 
that  it  can  make  what  you  want  when 
it's  needed  "whatever  it  may  be"  in 
metal-plastic  assemblies.  Familiarity 
with  MEET  MEtal  plastics  engineering 
headquarters  would  disclose  for 
example  why  perfect  contacts  are 
made  with  CINCH  electrical  parts.  for  a  guarttr  Of  0  c.ntury  CINCH  par:/ 


Every  CINCH  facility  .  .  .  and  we're 
proud  of  the  number  and  scope... are 
used  in  CINCH  Planned  Perfection. 


hove  gone  out  info  service  because  of 
the    extreme    care    of    our    inspection. 


\f  \  Ift'lt 


MANUFACTURING 
CORPORATION 

2335   W.  Van    Boren   Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 

Subsidiary  of   Unlted-Corr  Fail.n.r   Corp.,  Cambridge,  Mall. 

ft.AftTtCS 


Two-thirds 
Actual  Stn 


61 


r 


Expanding  into  the  Consumer  Goods  Field  at  a   Phenomenal  Rate, 
Plastics  Have  Brought  New  Beauty  and  Enhanced  Functional  Design 


THE  application  of  plastics  to  the  thousand  and  one 
products  of  the  consumers  light-goods  industry  is  not 
a  recent  development.  Several  decades  ago,  when  plastics 
made  its  industrial  debut,  its  initial  role  was  a  decorative 
one.  It  was  not  until  later  that  its  use  spread  to  automo- 
biles, aircraft,  oil  drilling  equipment  and  other  sectors  of 
heavy  industry. 

Even  before  the  war,  the  invasion  of  household  goods  and 
desk  accessories  by  plastics  was  beginning  to  assume  major 
proportions.  The  finger  smooth  cellulose  acetate  fountain 
pens  and  pencils,  letter  openers  and  jack  knives  attracted  the 
buying  public.  Plastics  knives,  spoons  and  salad  forks  as 
well  as  dinnerware  and  salt  and  pepper  shakers  made  their 
way  into  the  home.  The  housewife  used  cellulose  plastics 
tea  strainers  and  measuring  spoons  and  sewed  with  a  plas- 
tics thimble  while  her  husband  shaved  with  a  plastics  razor. 
Both  used  plastics  tooth  brushes  and  bathroom  tumblers. 

What  is  new  in  the  picture  is  plastics'  astonishing  range 


of  present  day  applications  and  uses.  In  cosmetics,  toilet 
goods,  premiums,  specialties,  jewelry,  toys,  games  and  sport 
items,  these  versatile  materials  serve  a  multiplicity  of  prod- 
ucts to  which  they  were  a  total  stranger  10  years  ago.  Im- 
provements both  in  the  qualities  of  the  materials  themselves 
and  in  the  various  molding  and  forming  processes,  stepped 
up  by  war  requirements,  were  responsible  for  the  change. 
The  former  created  new  materials  which  meet  as  satisfac- 
torily as  wood  or  metal  the  needs  of  various  products  in  the 
field,  from  pen  holders  to  perfume  bars.  The  latter  develop- 
ments increased  the  rate  of  output  and  lowered  production 
costs.  Both  developments  foreshadow  a  greatly  expanded 
market  after  the  war. 

The  magnitude  and  growing  importance  of  plastics  in 
light  consumers  goods  are  shown  by  figures  for  the  pre-war 
year  of  1939,  before  plastics  went  on  the  priority  lists.  In 
the  fountain  pen  and  stylographic  pen  industry,  for  example, 
the  value  of  the  total  output  in  1939  was  $12,030,921  while 


62 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


The  entire  translucent  framework  and  base  of  the  compact  heat-treat  wave  kit  are  molded  of  "Bakelite"  urea,  with  space  provided 
for  2  cups  of  red  and  black  phenolic.  The  hair  curlers,  molded  from  "Bakelite"  polystyrene,  release  curls  without  crushing  the  hair. 
"Textolite"  is  employed  for  the  lipstick  container  and  cap;  and  "Tenite"  is  used  for  the  two-piece  toothbrush  handle  and  cap 


the  value  of  pens  made  from  cellulose  compounds  was 
$11,890,129.  Again,  toilet  brushes  with  handles  or  backs 
of  non-plastics  material  amounted  to  $2,946,575  and  the 
value  of  those  made  from  cellulose  compounds  was  $1,612,- 
227.  The  value  of  plastics  compared  to  non-plastics  prod- 
ucts varies  widely  for  various  articles.  For  example,  of  a 
total  value  for  toys  manufactured  in  that  year  of  $47,683,341, 
he  value  of  those  made  from  cellulose  compounds  was  $542,- 
71.  However,  the  value  of  many  typical  fabricated,  plas- 
cs  products  manufactured  in  1939  reached  impressive 
proportions,  as  the  following  figures  show: 

Synthetic  Resins  (phenolics,  ureas,  acrylates,  etc.) 

Cigarette  cases,  compacts,  vanity  cases  and  sim- 
ilar articles $866,552 

Costume  jewelry    708,83 1 

Lamp  shades  and  reflectors 347,614 

Cellulose  Plastics 

Housings  (for  radios,  etc.),  cigarette  cases, 
compacts,  vanity  cases  and  similar  articles.  .$18,998,256 

Toothbrushes  with  handles  or  backs  of  cellulose 

compounds  and  other  materials 7,718,467 

Mechanical   pencils    4,461,132 

In  all,  several  hundred  million  dollars  worth  of  fabricated 
roducts  containing  plastics  materials  were  manufactured 
1939.    This  was  a  significant  year  because  it  represented 
he  highest  point  in  the  use  of  plastics  in  consumers  goods 
efore  war  broke  out  in  Europe.    Events  after  Pearl  Harbor 
ut  an  abrupt  halt  to  this  development  by  forcing  plastics 
on  the  priority  lists.    With  resumption  of  civilian  produc- 
tion for  the  consumers  goods  field  there  will  be  increased 
availability  of,  as  well  as  demand  for,  all-plastics  or  partially 


plastics  vanity  cases,  fountain  pens,  chess  pieces  and  the 
better  costume  jewelry. 

Another  indication  of  the  demand  for  these  products  is 
the  volume  of  their  disposal  in  the  form  of  premiums. 
Premium  sales  constitute  a  good  barometer  of  consumer 
acceptance  because  people  will  not  go  to  the  trouble  of  sav- 
ing coupons  for  a  particular  item  if  it  has  no  real  appeal 
and  value.  Judging  by  this,  also,  plastics  articles  stand  high 
in  popular  favor.  Before  Pearl  Harbor,  more  than  $400,- 
000,000  a  year  was  spent  by  manufacturers  and  distributors 
for  premium  items.  Of  this  amount,  it  has  been  estimated 
that  $25,000,000  went  for  plastics  products.  Post-war  de- 
mand will  double  this  figure,  according  to  Frank  H.  Wag- 
goner, editor  of  Premium  Practice  and  Business  Promotion, 
owing  to  their  growing  popularity. 

Plastics  are  a  "natural"  for  cosmetic  articles  and  acces- 
sories because  of  their  lightness,  impact  resistance,  eye-ap- 
peal, delicate  coloring  that  cannot  be  chipped  away  and 
adaptability  for  molding  into  aesthetic  and  intricate  designs. 
Women  seeking  aids  to  beauty  are  attracted  by  the  loveli- 
ness of  the  aids  themselves. 

Before  the  war,  plastics  were  used  in  cosmetic  articles 
mostly  for  wrappings,  caps  and  closures.  More  recently, 
their  use  expanded  to  vials,  tubes  and  containers  of  every 
variety.  Again,  plastics  accessories  for  the  dressing  table, 
were  limited  before  1940,  mostly  to  dressing  and  ornamental 
combs  and  barettes.  Since  then,  there  has  been  a  flourish- 
ing of  a  wide  variety  of  comb  styles  and  color  designs,  stim- 
ulated by  war  shortage  of  wire  hairpins  and  "bob"  pins. 

Plastics  used  in  cosmetics  range  from  methyl-methacry- 
late  used  for  the  back  and  handles  of  hairbrushes  and  haml- 


Rich  brown  cast  resin  stones  lend  beauty  to  jewelry 

mirror  frames  to  cellulose  acetate  in  lipstick  cases  am 
urea-formaldehyde  "cake-make-up"  boxes.  The  rich  carve 
effects  of  the  cellulosic  products  are  matched  by  the  hand 
carved  appearance  of  the  urea  resins.  "Carry-all"  kits  hav 
phenol  formaldehyde  sections  that  are  separately  colored  fo 
powder,  rouge,  and  cold  cream,  the  sections  fitting  neatl; 
into  each  other.  The  chaos  that  is  jocularly  said  to  exis 
in  a  lady's  handbag  may  cease  to  exist  with  the  transparenl 
methacrylate  carry-all,  which  enables  her  to  locate  an 
article  desired  without  too  much  undue  fumbling.  Thank 
to  plastics,  utility  is  wedded  perfectly  to  aesthetics  in  cos 
metic  jars,  cases,  containers  and  kits. 

Typical  of  cosmetic  designs  is  the  virtually  unbreakabl 
cellulose  acetate  perfume  bar  with  a  capacity  for  three  bot 
ties.  Compartments  molded  into  the  base  keep  the  bottle 
separated  and  each  bottle  has  a  different  colored  molde 
cap  so  that  the  contents  can  be  easily  distinguished.  Th< 
colors  are  lustrous  and  do  not  wear  off.  Among  innovation 
in  packaging  perfumes  are  old-fashioned  transparent  cellu 
lose  lamp  chimneys  less  than  2  inches  high  forming  orna 
mental  tops  for  tiny  "oil"  bases  which  contain  the  liquid 
Different  colors  are  used  to  identify  the  various  scents.  An 
other  novelty  is  a  cologne  jar  in  the  form  of  an  hour  glas 
with  two  different  scents  in  the  upper  and  lower  portions 
the  bottle  caps  and  stands  being  molded  of  lustrous  whit 
cellulose. 

Lipstick  containers  are  made  in  a  multitude  of  designs  ii 
cellulose  acetate.  They  are  also  compression  molded  usuall; 
from  red  and  black  phenolic  resins  in  attractive  colors.  Util 
ity  boxes,  molded  of  lustrous  black  cellulose  acetate,  make  ; 
handy  accessory  for  the  dresser  or  travelling  bag.  Thi 
same  material  is  used  for  soap  dispenser  holders  in  the  bath 
room  as  they  will  not  chip,  tarnish  or  corrode  and  are  eas' 
to  keep  clean. 

Combs  of  every  style  and  type  are  molded  from  a  variet' 
of  plastics,  the  choice  depending  on  the  color  or  texture  de 
sired.  Cellulose  acetate  offers  both  solid  and  mottled  color; 
and  a  jewel-like  sheen.  Ornamental  combs  and  tiaras  an 
made  from  cellulose  nitrate,  as  are  barettes  and  side-combs 

"Tenite"   serves   well   in   two   quite   different   applications — for   jewelry,  in  combination  with  metal;  in  buckles  for  smart  appearance 


DON'T  BE 
AN  OSTRICH 
ABOUT  A 
BETTER   PRODUCT 


(Can  you  name  the  plaitic  pan*  thai  maltf 
up  thi*  "ostrich"?  See  chart  Mote.) 


If  you're  buried  in  plans  for  ini- 
pro\  iii£  \our  present  product  or 
li.it.  Inn;:  a  iii-\\  one,  Continental's 
I'la-lii-  l>i\i-i.ni  r.in  bring  you  out 
of  the  dark. 

\\li.itr\rr  fraturvs  your  product 

ri-cpiirt l>eauty.  durability,  lifrht- 

nr».  tiiiigluir— .  or  anytbing  else — 
Mm  ran  clrjicrul  on  our  engineers, 
designers  and  research  men  to  do 
the  job  ri«;lit.  Tlirir  years  of  i-\\><-- 
rirnre  and  rinse  contact  with  the 
fun-most  manufacturers  of  raw  ma- 


terials guarantee  you  the  best  ser- 
vice possible. 

Our  Plastics  Division  is  equipped 
to  fabricate  a  wide  range  of  prod- 
ucts in  the  most  efficient  and  eco- 
nomical way — by  compression,  in- 
jection, extrusion,  lamination  or 
sheet  forming. 

So  count  on  Continental  for  tin- 
latest  and  best  in  plastic  products. 
You'll  find  an  alert,  progressive  or- 
ganization giving  sound,  practical 
advice  and  assistance  at  all  times. 


Tunt  in  " REPORT  TO  THE  \'ATIO\." cr«r|r  Saturday  tnrt  CBS  eoatt-ta-faaa  nrlrort. 


CAN     COMPANY,    INC. 


HEADQUARTERS:    Cambridge,    Ohio 

Silts  Representatives  In  all 
Principal  Cities 


COMPRESSION-  INJECTION  •  EXTRUSION 
SHEET    FORMING  .  LAMINATION 


(a)  Film  development  tank — compression;  (b)  Outiid*  ih«ll 
forvdporizvr— compreuionj(c)  Sol»«»kk»»hold«i— eom- 
preision,-  (d)  Segment  for  circular  flic — Injection;  (•) 
Hairbrush  handles — injection;  (f)  Drawer  pull> — injection. 


Other  productt  »f  <  <. iiiiin-ni.il  Can  Company:  M--t.il 
t  .MI-  for  (•»"!  and  nthrr  product*;  fibre  and  paprr 
container*;  crown  cap*  and  cork  products;  macliinrrv 
and  ••'luii'iii'-Mi;  -|..-.  i.il  war  .  m-  and  weapon* 


"Plaskon"    finds    application    in    the    GE    air-conditioning    thermostat    case;    Dow    polystyrene    in    the    durable    case    for    an    electric 
shaver;    and    versatile    "Tenite  '    in    the    colorful,    tough   fish   lures,  the  extruded  table  trim  and  the  measuring  cup  with  hinged  side 


Acrylic  combs  are  also  much  in  demand  owing  to  their 
crystal-like  transparency.  One  patented  comb  is  injection- 
molded  from  brilliant  red  polystyrene;  the  bar  is  on  one  side 
instead  of  on  the  edge  and  the  teeth  are  cut  through  on  the 
back,  thus  eliminating  pockets  and  dirt  traps. 

Injection  molded  toothbrush  handles  and  protective  caps 
are  made  from  cellulose  acetate  butyrate.  The  acetate  is 
used  in  mascara  boxes  and  brushes;  also  in  dresser  sets 
where  the  transparent,  pastel  shades  can  be  selected  to  har- 
monize with  the  boudoir  color  scheme.  The  brush  and  mir- 
ror handles  can  be  artistically  engraved,  are  light  in  weight 
and  have  high  impact  resistance.  One  brdnd  of  hairbrush 
has  a  back  that  is  cast  from  phenolic  resins  in  red,  green  or 
blue.  Some  frames  of  hairbrushes  as  well  as  mirrors  are 
injection  molded  from  polystyrene. 

Plastics  find  use  in  compacts  and  containers.  Compres- 
sion molded  compacts  in  black  and  white  urea  offer  sleek, 
easy-to-clean  surfaces.  Polystyrene  used  in  injection  molded 
eye-shadow  compacts  have  the  sparkle  of  cut  crystal  and  in 
addition,  are  resistant  to  cflsmetic  chemical  ingredients.  On 
the  other  hand,  vinyl  resin  sheets  are  utilized  in  powder  puff 


containers.  They  are  moisture-proof,  odorless  and  do  not 
stain  under  grease  or  oil.  Injection  molded  polystyrene  cov- 
ers, handsomely  etched,  crown  cream-concentrate  packages. 
One  compact  waving  kit  for  beauty  parlors  has  a  white  urea 
resin  frame  work  and  base  that  is  compression-molded. 
There  is  provision  for  the  insertion  of  two  cups  made  of  red 
and  black  phenolic.  A  unique  package  for  mascara  and 
touch-up  crayon  is  compression  molded  from  lustrous  black 
polystyrene.  It  is  designed  in  three  parts  and  the  mascara 
or  crayon  swings  up  out  of  the  case  when  needed,  a  pink 
pastel  insert  of  cellulose  acetate  showing  on  one  side  to 
identify  each  product. 

Nor  is  the  delicate  opalescent  sheen  of  crystal  cast  resins 
overlooked  in  the  cosmetic  world.  A  manicurist's  dispens- 
ing rack  capitalizes  on  this  plastic.  The  base  has  a  warm 
lustrous  surface  that  seems  hand-carved. 

Plastics  have  ushered  in  novel  designs  in  handbags  as 
well.  Coils  of  extruded  cellulose  acetate  butyrate  are  clever- 
ly used  in  one  model  to  cover  the  body  of  the  bag,  giving  a 
rich,  serrated  effect.  In  another  style,  the  body  is  covered 
with  brilliantly  colored  tiles  made  of  cellulose  acetate.  These 


66 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


tiles  are  injection  molded  and  can  be  produced  economically. 
They  are  laced  by  hand,  more  than  200  forming  the  finished 
bag.  The  plastics  is  not  only  impervious  to  body  acids  but 
its  color  and  texture  are  not  affected  by  constant  handling. 

In  the  field  of  jewelry,  plastics  became  popular  on  the 
crest  of  a  boom  for  costume  jewelry  generated  by  war  short- 
ages of  other  luxury  precious  metals  items.  At  first,  plastic 
jrwdry  was  in  the  low  price  category,  and  lapel. ornaments 
vied  with  wooden  cartoon  pieces  for  the  50c  to  $1.00  trade. 
\\  lift)  the  plastics  lapel  pin  doll  called  "Pistol  1'ackin' 
Mama"  was  introduced,  it  was  eagerly  pounced  upon,  not 
only  by  novelty-eager  girls,  but  also  by  dressmakers  and 
suit  manufacturers  who  used  it  as  an  accessory  and  added 
sales  argument.  Typical  was  the  black  and  white  dominoes 
in  jet  black  and  transparent  "Lucite"  set  with  flashing 
rhinestones  in  earrings,  pin  and  bracelet. 

It  was  not  long,  however,  before  plastics  jewelry  of  high 
quality  made  its  appearance  on  the  market.  Dealers  who 
experimented  with  displays  of  plastic  pins,  earrings  and  hair 
ornaments  designed  to  sell  for  $5  and  more,  saw  these  prod- 
ucts swept  up  by  eager  customers.  This  was  emphasized  at 
a  large  gift  show  held  in  1943  in  New  York  City  where  sev- 
eral of  these  pieces  were  featured.  Floral  motifs  predom- 
inated ;  there  were  strawberries  with  lucite  leaves  and  com- 
binations of  lucite  with  metal  and  jewels. 

On  the  quality  level,  attractively  tinted  acrylics  figures 
are  used  either  for  natural  objects  or  for  abstract  patterns. 
Methyl  methacrylate  pins  and  brooches  can  be  made  either 
striped  or  spotted,  the  patterns  being  formed  by  undercut- 
ting. The  colorful  effects  are  achieved  by  the  application  of 
bright  aniline  dyes  along  the  undercut  lines.  The  patterns 
themselves  are  cut  out  of  the  sheet  and  the  undercutting, 
shown  on  the  design,  is  performed  on  each  piece  by  a  carver, 
after  which  it  is  washed  and  polished.  For  complicated 
curves,  the  piece  is  heated  in  an  oven  to  about  350°  F  until  it 
is  flexible,  when  it  is  formed  to  the  desired  form. 

Costume  jewelry  as  well  as  bracelets  and  necklaces  are 
made  of  cast  phenolic  resins  because  of  their  gem-like  rich- 
ness of  translucent  color  and  lightness  of  weight.  This  non- 
flammable plastic  can  be  machined  by  simple  equipment. 
Though  tough,  it  can  be  formed  by  heating  in  hot  water  and 
curved  to  the  desired  radii.  Its  depth  of  color  and  richness 
of  luster  are  due  to  the  fact  that  no  filler  is  needed  in  its 
production.  Carving  on  cast  resin  jewelry  pieces  is  done 
freehand  with  rotary  steel  cutters  fastened  to  the  end  of  a 
small  motor  shaft.  In  jewelry  fabricating  plants,  the  op- 


This  self-winding  "Tenite"  clothesline  reel  Is  light,  yet  durable 

erators  first  follow  a  master  design,  but  they  soon  memorize 
the  pattern  and  can  reproduce  it  quickly  and  exactly.  This 
plastics  can  also  be  engraved  by  a  machine  that  operates  on 
the  pantograph  principle,  the  letters  or  designs  being  cut 
with  a  motor-driven  rotary  cutter.  After  the  design  is  cut, 
it  is  filled-in  with  gold,  silver  or  lacquer,  according  to  the 
contrast  desired. 

Cellulose  acetate  is  widely  popular  in  jewelry  items.  In- 
jection molded  leaves,  in  a  variety  of  sparkling  colors,  are 
combined  in  today's  styles  with  antique  metal  mountings,  to 


"Fibestos"  cellulose  acetate  is  well-suited  to  iced  tea  spoons:  "Styron"  can  be  applied  to  coathangers  and  dgarette 


Unusual  tone  fidelity  is  one  of  the  chief  reasons  why  the 
popularity  of  these  "Tenite"  bugles  exceeded  expectations 

give  a  massive  and  luxurious  effect.  They  have  the  sparkle 
and  color  of  precious  stones.  In  attractive  replicas  of  an- 
ti(|tie  jewelry,  it  is  difficult  for  the  layman  to  tell  injection 
molded  cellulose  acetate  from  hand-carved  ivory  and  ebony. 
The  lustrous  effect  of  the  material  is  utilized  in  pear-shaped 
globules  in  attractive  dress  ornaments.  From  rosaries  to 
transparent  belt  buckles  (six  buckles  in  three  different 
shapes  can  be  molded  in  a  single  operation),  cellulose  ace- 
tate has  found  favor  with  the  jewelry  buying  public.  At  the 
same  time,  the  simplicity  of  manufacture  of  extruded  lengths 

Accurately-reproduced    models   of    leading   naval    vessels, 
using     lightweight     "Tenite,'     can     make     delightful     toys 


coiled  to  form  attractive  buckles,  necklaces  and  belts,  bring 
them  within  easy  financial  reach. 

Toys,  games  and  sports  equipment  make  up  an  importan 
part  of  light  consumers'  goods  and  here  too  plastics  plays 
growing  role.  Hundreds  of  small  toys  are  injection  niolde 
and  both  the  thermoplastic  and  thermosetting  resins  hav 
proved  their  ability  to  withstand  the  rough  treatment  o 
children  at  play.  Here  brilliant  colors  are  an  important  con 
sideration ;  the  colored  surface  of  painted  wood  is  soon  wor 
or  chipped  off  and  the  superiority  of  plastics,  with  its  built-i 
color,  is  obvious.  Lightness  of  weight  is  another  featur 
that  recommends  plastics  to  the  toy  manufacturer.  Cellules 
acetate  cowboys,  soldiers  and  Indians  have  infinitely  itior 
eye-appeal  and  naturalness  than  the  old  fashioned  cas 
metal  pieces. 

Outstanding  Toy  Apolications 

Plastics  were  a  godsend  to  chess  players.  Even  with  th 
more  expensive  wooden  sets,  sooner  or  later  the  head  of  th 
king,  queen  or  knight  would  loosen  and  come  off  and  th 
pieces  became  marred  by  constant  contact  in  a  box.  Plastic 
chess  pieces  are  made  both  in  cellulose  acetate  and  in  cas 
phenolic  resin.  They  are  molded  in  bright  red,  ivory  an< 
mottled  patterns.  In  both  types  of  plastics,  they  have  th« 
luster  of  hand-carved  ivory. 

Dolls'  heads  are  easily  made  of  plastics.   Molded  in  cellu 
lose  acetate  (the  body  is  generally  of  latex),  they  have  a 
life-like  appearance,  and  are  washable  and  practically  in 
destructible.    Remember  the  wooden  boats  you  used  to  floa 
in  the  bath  tub  when  you  were  a  kid  ?    Now  injection  mold 
ed,   cellulose   acetate   cruisers   and   dreadnaughts   are   the 
vogue;  light,  brightly  colored,  they  also  are  resistant  to 
water.     Cellulose  acetate  butyrate   is  utilized   in   making 
aircraft  models. 

For  larger  toys  like  wagons  and  toboggans,  low  pressure 
molding  has  been  used,  the  plastics  being  reinforced  \\itl 
phenol-impregnated  paper  for  corn  stalks  and  straw.  New 
techniques  have  reduced  molding  costs  and  the  result  has 
been  a  product  that  is  stronger  and  more  durable  than  in- 
jection molded  resins. 

Fishermen,  too,  know  the  value  of  plastics.  Lures,  as  wel 
as  reel  ends  and  reel  seats  are  molded  from  acetate,  since  it 
does  not  corrode  and  the  color,  indispensable  for  lures,  can- 
not chip  or  wear  off.  The  same  material  is  used  for  fish  net 
floats  in  place  of  the  older  types  of  cork  or  wood. 

Musical  instruments  are  molded  from  cast  phenolic  resins, 
cellulose  acetate  and  cellulose  acetate  butyrate.  Injection 
molded  bugles  can  be  made  in  a  wide  assortment  of  sizes  and 
price  ranges.  In  one  type  of  piccolet,  the  mouthpiece  and 
bell  are  molded  of  black  acetate.  Plastic-cased  accordions 
have  also  been  developed.  Included  in  the  millions  of  mus- 
ical instruments  issued  by  the  Army  to  troops  overseas  are 
cellulosic  pocket-sized  ocarinas  and  tonettes.  Army  one- 
piece  butyrate  fifes  are  also  being  used. 

Development  of  new  materials  and  processes  for  war  pro- 
duction will  be  utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics  con- 
sumer goods  after  V-Day,  resulting  in  lower  production 
costs.  Typical  is  the  resin-fibre  technique  for  preforming 
and  molding  fibrous  material  impregnated  in  resins,  chiefly 
phenol  ics.  Originally  designed  for  large  pieces,  it  can  be 
applied  to  small  items  with  complicated  contours.  Lunch 
trays,  made  by  this  process,  have  exceptional  impact  resist- 
ance combined  with  lightnes.-,  of  weight  and  a  smart  appear- 
ance created  by  two-tone  colors  that  can  be  baked  on.  The 
same  method  can  be  used  in  making  commodities  like  world 
globes.  In  this  case,  the  molded  fibre  process  supplies  the 
precision  and  dimensional  stability  needed  for  perfect  align- 
ment of  the  surface  figures  of  the  map.  Real  cuts  in  manu- 
facturing costs  wait  upon  the  development  of  less  expensive 
resins. 

(Continued  on  page  337) 


68 


MARCH  1943 


HANDLE  I)  WITH  (Mill- 


Handled  with  care  ...  by  Consolidated!  Although  the  twin  ends  of  this  oven  door  handle 
were  not  difficult  to  mold-they  did  require  extreme  CARE  in  every  stage!  •  As  a  fitting 
companion  to  a  quality  oven,  the  plastic  material  had  to  match  the  snowy  white  of 
the  stove's  porcelain  finish.  As  a  fastening  facility,  the  threaded  brass  inserts  had 
to  be  compression  molded  in  place  .  .  .  accurately!  Held  also  to  close  tolerance, 
the  shanks,  when  inserted  into  the  arched  chrome-plated  tube,  formed  a 
friction-fitted,  rigid  attachment  assembly.   •  The  time  may  soon  come 
when  plastics  accessories  of  all  types  will  again  swarm  back  into  service 
...  and  in  order  to  be  sure  that  yours  be  HANDLED  WITH  CARE,  we 
would  like  to  tell  you  more  about  "Consolidoted's  Way"  of  assuring 
satisfaction.  Inquiries  invited! 

Oil  SOlld  fit  Gil      MOLDED  PRODUCTS  £?a*/204a&»* 

309  CHERRY  STREET,  SCRANTON  1,  PA. 
BRANCHES:  NEW  YORK  •  BRIDGEPORT 
CHICAGO  •  DETROIT  •  CLEVELAND 


MVUCH    1«.ir, 


PLASTICS 


The  "Mustang"  shows  good  use  oi  plas- 
tics   in    its    canopy    and    rocket    tubes 


J. 


Plastics  Engineer 

North  American  Aviation,  Inc. 


Introduced  to  a  War-Geared  Industry,  Plastics  Have  Overcome 
Engineering  Resistance  and  Achieved  Permanent  Recognition 


THE  need  to  design  stronger  and  lighter  structures  has ' 
always  been  an  important  factor  in  the  manufacture  of 
aircraft.  Hence,  cognizant  of  the  trend  for  more  efficient 
design,  the  aeronautical  engineer  is  forced  to  investigate 
new  materials  and  encourage  the  development  of  them.  The 
history  of  this  industry  is  rich  in  experience  gained  from 
structural  materials  ranging  from  wood,  wire  and  doped 
fabrics  to  the  light  alloys  now  used  almost  exclusively.  Ref- 
erences to  old  or  obsolete  stress  and  flight  reports,  dating 
back  even  to  World  War  I,  tell  the  story  in  themselves  of 
the  engineer's  constant  search  for  better  materials.  Failures 
and  successes  were  common  with  the  progress  of  aircraft, 
and  each  in  its  own  way  has  contributed  to  the  acquirement 
of  data,  design  criteria  and  manufacturing  techniques  which 
are  almost  entirely  responsible  for  the  phenomenon  of  mass 
production  today. 

The  materials  that  have  largely  made  this  possible  are 
aluminum  and  steel  and  to  a  lesser  extent,  magnesium,  brass 
and  others.  Therefore,  aircraft  personnel  not  only  prefer 
to  use  the  light  alloy  metals,  but  are  sometimes  obnoxious 
in  their  insistence  that  they  are  the  only  tried  and  proven 
materials  acceptable  for  aircraft  construction.  According 
to  their  experience,  aluminum,  covering  approximately  95 
percent  of  the  airframe  structure,  has  proven  to  be  the  ideal 
fabricating  material  from  the  standpoint  of  efficiency, 
strength  and  durability.  Likewise,  steel  is  inferior  to  none 


70 


when  employed  in  high  concentrated  loaded  members  such 
as  the  engine,  landing  gear  and  other  parts.  However,  this 
thude  is  not  to  be  construed  as  final  or  dogmatic, 
re  newer  materials  more  efficient  than  those  fa- 
'now,  evaluations  will  ultimately  be  made  for  what 

Clear  acrylics  house  the  B-29  rear  turret  gunner 


•88$  per  M. 


These  insulators  are  %"  dia.,  %0"  thick.  They 
are  made  eight  at  a  time,  in  a  sub-cavity  mold. 
Flash  is 
very  thin, 
removed  by 
simple  tum- 
bling. Better 

than  6000  are  molded  per  day  (24  hours)  one 
machine,  and  four  or  five  Automatics  are  kept 
running  continuously  on  the  job.  The  cost  quoted 
is  for  material,  heat  and  power  and  labor  only, 
does  not  include  overhead  or  amortization.  With 
sub-cavity  molds  Automatic  production  of  small 
parts  is  high,  up  to  10  M.  or  more  per  day  .  .  . 
Automatic  accuracy  is  obtainable  on  long  runs. 

IMPOSSIBLE? 

A  number  of  mold- 
ers  said  this  job 
was  impossible  .  .  . 
turned  it  down.  It  is 
a  harmonica  comb 
in  which  reed  slot  tolerances  must  be  held  to 
.0005"  to  make  them  airtight  when  the  reeds  are 
in  place.  This  molding  is  an  excellent  example  of 
intricate  work  profitably  handled  Automatically 
.  .  .  parts  are  identical,  uniform,  accurate  ...  re- 
jects are  negligible. 

F.   J.    STOKES    MACHINE    CO. 

6040  Tabor  Road  Philadelphia  20,  Pa. 


The   Slokei   200- D   Completely  Automatic 
Molding  Pren   IS  loni  capacity 

Patented  In  U.S.  and  abroad.  Other  patent* 
pending 

Why  not  investigate  the  demonstrated  advan- 
tages and  economies  of  Completely  Automatic 
Molding?  We  are  prepared  to  moke  molding  and 
installation  cost  studies  for  you. 


"Fibestos"  canopy  made  for  an  experimental  glider 

they  are  worth.  But  in  these  times  when  production  takes 
precedence  over  everything  else,  there  are  few  opportunities 
for  undertaking  a  long  range  investigation  of  questionable 
materials.  Therefore,  until  proven  otherwise,  these  are 
generally  regarded  as  substitutes. 

The  plastics  industry,  alert  to  the  possibilities  promised 
by  recent  developments,  indicates  a  willingness  to  cooperate 
wholeheartedly  with  the  aircraft  industry.  It  welcomes 
constructive  criticism  as  to  what  is  necessary  to  facilitate 
the  adaptation  of  resinous  products  to  aircraft  needs.  Fur- 
thermore, aware  of  the  swift  strides  made  in  the  past  year 
with  unique  plastics  fabricating  processes  and  high  strength 
reinforced  laminated  materials,  attempts  have  been  made  to 
introduce  them  to  aircraft  manufacturers.  In  spite  of  their 


"Fibreglas"  and  special  resins  went  into  the  pro- 
duction   of    this    low-pressure    molded    tail    cone 


belief  that  more  permanency  could  be  obtained  with  the 
newer  materials  and  developed  processes  for  handling  them 
to  displace  unsatisfactory  applications  of  plastics  as  direct 
substitutes  in  aircraft,  the  response  has  been  slow  and  often 
discouraging.  Even  surveys  conducted  among  the  various 
plants  in  pursuit  of  ways  and  means  to  penetrate  the  wall 
of  seemingly  indifference  separating  the  two  industries 
have  met  with  little  success.  For  in  reality,  the  aircraft 
industry  is  not  wholly  aware  of  the  impressive  volume  of 
plastics  consumed  by  their  production  lines.  Nor  in  general 
is  it  known  that  plastics  by  and  large  have  begun  to  replace 
numerous  metal  components,  not  as  substitutes,  but,  because 
they  have  proven  more  efficient  and  durable. 

Hence,  the  balance  of  this  article  will  be  devoted  to  one 
specific  purpose,  namely,  an  attempt  to  define  the  relation- 
ship between  plastics  and  metals  in  the  construction  of  air- 
craft in  the  past,  present  and  in  the  future. 

The  Conservation  Program 

Inadvertently,  plastics  in  all  of  their  array  of  types  and 
formulations  burst  upon  the  aircraft  industry  during  a  war 
of  production.  Although  employed  for  years  in  a  few  stand- 
ard applications,  namely,  transparent  enclosures,  bomber 
noses  and  gun  blisters,  molded  control  knobs  and  pulleys, 
flat  laminated  machined  fillets,  spacer  blocks  and  the  like, 
little  was  known  about  synthetic  resinous  products  for  air- 
craft prior  to  December  7,  1941.  With  the  available  supply 
of  alloys  adequate  for  production  needs,  there  was  no  desire 
or  inclination  to  resort  to  newer  and  unknown  materials. 
But  later,  after  Pearl  Harbor,  the  rapid  consumption  of 
available  structural  materials,  which  was  assumed  inex- 
haustible, began  to  seriously  disturb  the  sources  of  supply 
and  demand.  As  a  consequence,  the  aircraft  manufacturers 
were  called  upon  to  use  materials  less  strategic  to  help 
alleviate  the  overtaxed  facilities  to  produce  aluminum  and 
steel.  Thus,  plastics  among  others  were  called  upon  to 
meet  production  requirements. 

The  history  of  the  conservation  program  is  no  new  mat- 
ter. Much  has  already  been  said  about  the  exploitation  of 
substitutes.  In  view  of  the  haste  and  subsequent  waste 
which  unavoidably  results  from  "stepped  up"  production, 
substitutes  were  too  frequently  used  promiscuously.  The 
policy  adopted  by  some  to  substitute  directly  for  aluminum 
without  regard  to  advantages  and  disadvantages  resulted  in 
a  condition  more  harmful  than  good  to  plastics.  In  the  be- 
ginning, it  was  obvious  that  unwise  application  of  plastics 
would  "boomerang."  It  did.  Failures  occurred  in  non- 
structural  as  well  as  structural  applications.  This  in  turn 
aggravated  the  reluctance  of  engineers  to  use  purported 
inferior  materials,  but  also  further  confirmed  their  opinion 
that  all  plastics  were  weak,  unstable  and  lacked  durability. 
The  production  men  concurred  with  the  engineers  and 
added  a  few  additional  complaints  besides.  They  contended 
that  plastics  were  hard  to  machine,  drill,  rivet  and  assemble 
in  or  on  metal  structures.  On  the  other  hand,  so  they 
claimed,  metal  parts  when  accidentally  deformed  could  be 
beat  into  shape  to  fit  a  component  part  by  the  simple  ex- 
pediency of  using  a  mallet.  Whereas,  plastics  being  a  brittle, 
unyielding  substance,  cracked  and  ruptured  if  subjected  to 
the  same  treatment. 

To  continue  further,  conditions  grew  steadily  worse.  The 
sudden  drain  upon  the  facilities  of  a  relatively  small  in- 
dustry caused  plastics  to  become  as  critically  unavailable  as 
aluminum.  Rallying  to  the  demands  for  more  plastics, 
which  incidentally  were  being  shipped  out  of  the  country  in 
great  quantities  for  allied  purposes  in  addition  to  our  own 
military  requirements,  the  control  and  quality  of  plastics  at 
times  got  out  of  hand.  Overzealous  efforts  to  get  long  de- 
layed shipments  underway  resulted  in  the  release  of  some 
plastics  incompatible  with  material  specifications.  Most  of 
them  were  discovered  and  corrected.  Others,  however,  were 


72 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


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"Tenite  '  instrument  dials  and  control  knobs,  and  "Lumarith"  ventilators  are  used  in  many  types  of  aircraft 


unfortunately  overlooked.  Witness  to  these  unhappy  events, 
it  is  understandable  why  aircraft  engineers  were  more  than 
ever  disposed  to  think  in  terms  of  metal  design  and  less  of 
plastics.  Lack  of  organization  did  little  to  enhance  the 
value  of  plastics. 

Nevertheless,  and  in  spite  of  metal  minded  opposition, 
some  important  changes  began  to  take  place.  Hitherto,  the 
guidance  of  plastics  was  normally  placed  in  the  hands  of 
individuals  responsible  to  heads  of  non-production  depart- 
ments. No  matter  what  investigations  or  developments  were 
undertaken  in  accordance  with  this  plan,  engineering  or 
manufacturing  officials  seldom  cared  to  entertain  proposal 
for  plastics  application  when  evidence  or  lack  of  substan- 
tiating data  failed  to  indicate  an  urgent  need  for  them.  If 
it  worked  successfully  it  had  to  work  the  hard  way.  Re- 
quests could  be  made  to  non-production  to  produce  a  sub- 
stitute material  when  the  project  was  near  being  danger- 
ously stalled  for  want  of  material  or  means  for  providing 
finished  products. 

Arrangements  of  this  sort  could  not  possibly  work  out  to 


the  advantage  of  plastics.  There  had  to  be  a  close  alliance 
between  the  group  dealing  with  plastics  and  the  production 
design  groups,  or  project  groups,  for  coordination  of  effort. 
Accordingly,  the  logical  procedure  was  to  assign  the  Plas- 
tics Group  a  position  on  the  Organization  Chart  in  the  order 
of  classification  determined  for  Ordnance,  Landing  Gear, 
Empennage,  Control  Surfaces  and  other  departments.  In 
several  instances  where  this  has  been  done,  plastics  are 
earning  the  respect  and  tolerance  due  them. 

Given  the  responsibility  or  so  to  speak,  office  with  port- 
folio, the  Plastics  Department  was  in  a  much  better  position 
to  serve  the  management.  Materials  were  reviewed,  tested 
when  necessary,  accepted  or  rejected  by  engineering  stand- 
ards. Compilation  of  data,  drawing  up  of  specifications  and 
preparation  of  rules  for  the  drafting  room  procedure  be- 
came partially  or  totally  the  function  of  this  group.  But  the 
most  important  of  all  duties  charged  to  plastics  engineers 
was  the  responsibility  to  design  those  components  of  air- 
craft which  they  as  specialists  deemed  more  suitable  for 
plastics  than  metal.  It  was  there  that  progress  was  achieved. 


Another  use  of  "Lumarith"   finds   it  replacing 
metal   for   gun    rollers   in    the   "Thunderbolt" 


I 


'  Din, 


The  "Mosquito,"  on  all  plastics-plywood-bonded  bomber 

Before  the  inherent  properties  of  plastics  became  identi- 
fied with  respect  to  their  usefulness  in  combination  with 
metal  structures,  they  were  frequently  applied  indiscrimi- 
nately. When  a  plastic  application  worked  out  successfully, 
all  was  well  and  good.  But  on  the  other  hand,  if  failure 
occurred  these  parts  were  immediately  replaced,  forthwith, 
without  always  ascertaining  the  conditions  leading  to  fail- 
ure. Performing  in  such  a  role,  it  is  doubtful  that  plastics 
could  have  survived  very  long  in  the  aircraft  industry. 

Representatives  of  the  plastics  unit  knew  well  the  char- 
acteristics of  certain  materials  exhibiting  remarkable  resist- 
ance to  abrasion,  corrosion  and  vibrational  forces,  yet  they 
seldom  had  opportunities  to  prove  them.  Strangely  enough, 
it  was  the  inability  of  available  metals  to  satisfy  certain  re- 
quirements that  ultimately  provided  these  opportunities.  To 
discuss  in  detail  the  circumstances  by  which  this  came 
about,  or  to  enlarge  upon  the  advantages  resulting  from  the 
conversion  of  metal  to  plastics  would  circumscribe  the 
scope  of  this  article.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  advantages  were 
secured  in  the  reduction  of  weight,  manhours  and  costs. 
In  addition,  service  records  and  test  reports  now  justify 
the  choice  of  plastics  in  a  high  percentage  of  these  appli- 
cations. 

Fig.  1  is  a  cutaway  illustration  of  a  composite  bomber 
airplane.  Represented  in  this  type  are  most  of  the  out- 
standing plastics  contributions  to  aviation.  In  addition  to 
the  spectacular  items  noted,  it  is  pointed  out  that  hundreds 
of  small  plastic  parts,  not  shown  in  the  illustration,  are  used 
throughout  the  airplane.  There  are  the  commonplace  items 
which  in  view  of  their  low  specific  gravity  are  chosen  in- 
stead of  metal  to  serve  as  filler  blocks,  rubbing  strips,  gus- 
sets and  fairleads.  For  example,  the  fairlead  is  utilized 
whenever  a  movable  cable  is  routed  through  bulkheads,  ribs 
or  frames.  Engineers  have  learned  that  the  wearing  action 
of  a  control  cable  will  eventually  elongate  a  hole  in  an  alu- 
minum panel  and  tend  to  restrict  the  passage  of  the  cable 
or  fray  it  badly.  The  plastics  fairlead,  besides  being  highly 
resistant  to  wear,  prevents  metal  contacting  metal. 

Plastics  have  excellent  corrosion  resisting  properties. 
Yet,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  exterior  applications 
to  be  discussed  later,  the  trend  is  to  confine  such  material 
to  interior  surfaces.  While  few  metals  possess  better  cor- 
rosion properties  than  plastics,  they  do  have  superior  di- 
mensional stability.  Nearly  all  plastics  compounds  tend  to 


swell,  and  in  some  cases  warp  slightly  when  exposed  for 
any  length  of  time  to  high  relative  humid  conditions.  This 
is  not  particularly  serious  and  need  cause  no  great  concern 
providing  allowances  are  made  for  the  design  and  proper 
selection  of  material.  Some  types  of  resin  have  very  low 
moisture  absorptivity  and  become  extremely  stable  when 


Martin  B-26  aileron  quadrant  mad*  oi  "Celeron" 


MARCH  1945 


I'LASTMCS 


75 


n 


The  ammunition  cases  used 
in    the    B-25   nose    section 


Eight-gun  nose  of  the  "Mitchell"  bomber  showing  extensive  use  of 
phenolics  for  various  parts,  including  ammunition  cases  and  chutes 


combined  with  a  non-hygroscopic  filler  such  as  Fiberglas. 
Be  this  as  it  may,  engineers,  however,  prefer  to  keep  plas- 
tics out  of  the  weather.  It  is  to  be  noticed  that  approxi- 
mately 85  percent  of  all  plastics  are  employed  inside  of  the 
fuselage  or  the  wing.  Thus,  starting  with  the  aft  end  of 
the  fuselage  and  working  toward  the  nose  section,  attention 
will  be  focused  on  those  plastics  parts  doing  a  job  equal  to 
or  better  than  other  materials. 

Referring  again  to  Fig.  1,  it  is  seen  that  the  tail  guns  are 
connected  to  several  plastics  ammunition  boxes  some  dis- 
tance away,  by  interlinking  feed  chutes.  The  feed  chutes 
are  also  plastics.  Normally,  one  would  think  that  ordnance 
equipment,  required  to  suffer  constant  abuse  from  sliding 
belts  of  ammunition,  would  be  constructed  of  heavy  gage 
steel.  From  the  standpoint  of  strength,  resistance  to  abra- 
sion and  rigidity,  steel,  that  is  stainless  steel — for  anything 
else  will  deteriorate  from  corrosion — is  the  first  choice  of 
ordnance  engineers.  However,  one  of  the  most  difficult 
jobs  having  to  do  with  ordnance  installation  is  that  of  lo- 
cating ammunition  containers  and  chutes  so  that  loading 
may  be  maintained  for  any  position  of  the  guns.  The  con- 


struction of  airplanes  never  permits  easy  access  to  the  guns. 
Consequently,  boxes  must  be  placed  and  chutes  twisted  and 
distorted  in  and  around  bulkheads,  frames,  etc.,  wherever 
available  space  is  found.  Insofar  as  the  boxes  are  con- 
cerned, the  construction  is  contingent  upon  capacity.  Some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  nest  several  boxes  together,  other 
times  one  large  box  can  be  designed  to  hold  the  maximum 
permissible  number  of  rounds.  The  chutes  are  more  trou- 
blesome. Invariably  they  must  be  twisted  or  bent  in  order 
to  reach  the  guns.  Since  steel  sheet  when  fabricated  tends 
to  remain  rigid  and  unyielding,  there  is  practically  no  ad- 
justment to  be  made. 

For  purposes  of  illustration,  the  long  chutes  designated  in 
Fig.  1  are  typical  of  the  two  7l/2  ft.  feed  chutes  employed 
in  the  B-2SH  Mitchell  bomber.  These  chutes  were  orig- 
inally fabricated  from  zinc  coated  steel,  stainless  steel  being 
unavailable  at  that  time.  Parallel  "C"  section  channels 
were  held  together  by  spot  welded  spacer  plates  located  ap- 
proximately 8  inches  on  center.  Lack  of  sufficient  space  in 
the  rear  fuselage  of  the  B-25  dictated  the  location  of  four 
ammunition  boxes  10^4  ft  aft  of  the  two  movable  tail  sec- 


76 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


. . .  the  No.  1 

example  of  laminated  industrial  plastics 

at  work 


What  are  the  practical  facts  about  new  uses  for  industrial 
plastics?  Where  have  war  uses  actually  proved  plastics  to  be 
permanent  and  better  replacement  materials — not  substitutes, 
nor  "materials  of  the  future?" 

MICARTA  provides  authoritative,  factual  answers  to  these 
questions.  MICARTA  has  countless  uses  yet  unknown — but 
tangible  facts  about  its  performance  in  almost  any  use  can  be 
found  in  current,  existing  applications.  MICARTA  is  the  num- 
ber one  example  of  industrial  plastics  a  t  work  .  .  .  the  product 
of  the  largest  laminators  of  industrial  plastics — Westinghouse. 

The  uses  of  MICARTA  shown  here  are  but  a  few  of  thou- 
sands. Performance  data  on  many,  such  as  MICARTA  aircraft 
applications,  dates  from  as  long  ago  as  1917.  The  length  and 
breadth  of  this  experience  in  the  practical  application  of  plastics 
provide  an  unequalled  fund  of  facts  to  guide  designers  and 
engineers. 

Essential  facts  about  MICARTA  are  contained  in  the  new 
MICARTA  Data  Book  B-3184-A.  Ask  for  your  copy. 


GEARS  made  of  Micarta  ab- 
sorb vibrations,  resist  wear, 
and  cushion  repeated  shocks 
without  deterioration. 


AIRCRAFT  PARTS  like  guides, 
spacers,  brackets  are  made 
of  Micarta  because  of  light- 
ness, high  strength  and  re- 
sistance to  wear  and  cor- 
rosion. 


MICARTA  "444"  is 
the  new  thin  sheet 
Micarta  that  can  be 
quickly,  easily 
formed  into  intricate 
shapes  with  inex- 
pensive wooden  dies. 
Now  used  in  many 
aircraft  applications. 


PUMP  RINGS  made  of 
Micarta  do  not  soften  in 
service,  wear  slowly,  and 
will  not  score  cylinder 
walls. 


STEEL  MILL  ROLL  NICK 
BEARINGS  save  25  to  50% 
power  cost .  .  .  last  20  to 
40  times  longer  .  .  .  permit 
more  accurate  holding  of 
gauge. 


INSULATION  PROiLEMS  of  all 
types  have  been  solved  with 
Micarta— a  A"  thick  piece 
withstands  62.000  volts! 


BOMB  RACKS  to  hold  bombs  under 
a  plane's  wings  have  been  success- 
fully molded  of  Micarta.  They  fur- 
nish an  excellent  example  of  Micar- 
ta's  great  strength  and  adaptability 
to  intricate  molded  shapes. 


AIRCRAFT  FAIRINGS  formed 
from  flat  sheets  provide  needed 
strength  with  less  weight  than 
aluminum. 


MARCH    I'M:, 


I  •  I.  .1ST  I  f  S 


77 


"Plastalloy"  male  die  used  for  forming  C-S4  cowlings 

tion  guns.  Therefore,  in  order  to  allow  the  .50  caliber 
shells  to  enter  the  guns  in  a  vertical  position,  the  chutes  had 
to  be  twisted  90°  from  the  horizontal  loading  end  of  the 
boxes.  From  the  rear  end  of  the  long  chute,  flexible  steel 
chutes  3  ft  long  were  provided  to  move  with  the  guns.  In- 
stallation difficulties  developed  immediately.  The  stiff  steel 
chute  not  only  tended  to  resist  the  90°  twist,  but  the  upper 
and  lower  flanges  of  the  "C"  section  channels  closed  or 
opened  too  much  at  intervals  along  the  chute.  This  either 
restricted  the  passage  of  ammunition  or  permitted  the  shells 
to  climb  upon  one  another  to  jam  the  ammunition.  The 
alternative  was  to  go  to  a  long  flexible  chute  extending  from 
the  boxes  to  the  guns,  or  investigate  the  possibilities  of 
using  plastics.  The  exorbitant  price  of  flexible  steel  chutes 
determined  the  choice  and  one  piece  laminated  phenolic 
fabric  base  chutes  were  formed  for  trial  and  test  purposes. 
The  plastics  chutes  were  easily  installed  in  the  twisted  po- 
sition. Also,  there  were  no  objectionable  variations  in 
height  between  the  flanges. 

Later,  tests  conducted  in  the  research  laboratory  gave  re- 
assuring evidence  of  the  toughness  and  durability  of  phe- 


"Vinylite"  coating  protects  aircraft  in  shipment 


nolic  laminated  plastics.  As  a  matter  of  interest,  it  is 
pointed  out  that  a  3-ft  section  of  the  laminated  plastics  chute 
twisted  90°  was  mounted  in  series  with  a  section  of  the  zinc 
covered  steel  chute.  Continuous  belts  of  ammunition  were 
passed  through  each  at  normal  room  temperature,  at  a 
— 70°  F  and  later  at  160  F  temperature.  At  the  end  of 
10,000  rounds  in  the  first  test,  the  links  and  shell  had  worn 
through  the  zinc  covering  and  had  begun  to  score  the  steel 
surface.  No  indication  of  wear  was  observed  on  the  sliding 
surfaces  of  the  plastics  chutes  at  the  end  of  all  three  tests. 
The  final  clinching  argument  in  favor  of  plastics  was  the 
saving  in  weight  and  cost.  One-half  pound  reduction  in 
weight  per  linear  foot  was  obtained  with  this  conversion  of 
steel  to  plastics. 

Before  passing  on  to  another  application,  something 
should  be  said  about  ammunition  boxes.  Much  argument 
has  been  presented  on  this  subject  during  the  last  two  years. 
There  are  some  who  have  always  contended  that  plastics 
are  definitely  the  wrong  material  for  ammunition  boxes. 
When  references  are  made  to  test  data  wherein  plastics 
boxes,  lighter  in  weight,  are  more  resilient  to  drop  tests, 
retain  their  shape  better  than  metal  under  gun  fire,  do  not 
flower  or  deform  as  metal  does  when  struck  by  a  .50  caliber 
or  20  millimeter  shell,  it  leaves  them  unmoved  and  adamant 
in  their  opinion  that  metals  should  be  used.  They  cite,  in- 
stead, of  incidences  where  plastics  boxes  have  failed  in  one 
of  the  war  areas.  In  behalf  of  plastics,  it  might  be  said 
that  an  improper  design  or  selection  of  material  could  be 
the  contributing  causes  for  failure.  But  it  is  more  fitting 
to  say  that  there  are  also  plastics  ammunition  boxes  which 
have  flown  with  several  types  of  airplanes  for  periods  of  a 
few  months  to  two  years  in  Alaska,  Europe,  throughout  the 
Mediterranean,  in  the  Pacific  and  India,  and  no  failures 
have  been  reported  from  any  of  them. 

Wing  Sections  Employ  Plastics 

Moving  toward  the  wing,  it  is  seen  that  plastics  panels 
cover  a  good  portion  of  the  fuselage.  These  provide  pro- 
tection for  control  cables  strung  from  the  pilot's  compart- 
ment through  fuselage  frames  and  bulkheads  to  the  empen- 
nage fittings.  Since  interior  panels  normally  have  no  struc- 
tural requirements,  they  should  be  light  as  possible.  Plas- 
tics can  be  used  quite  safely  in  wall  panels  with  less  weight 
penalty  than  metal. 

The  floors  are  reinforced  plastics  constructed  of  fiberglas 
cloth  impregnated  with  a  low  viscosity  resin.  Besides  being 
useful  for  floor  surfaces,  they  protect  the  crew  from  flak. 
According  to  recent  investigation,  the  materials  described 
above  have  proven  more  effective  against  flak  penetration 
for  the  same  weight  of  aluminum  or  steel.  Thus,  for  equal 
flak  protection  plastics  floors  should  be  lighter  than  metal 
ones.  Plastics  flak  panels  are  also  being  used  in  bombers 
and  some  cargo  planes  in  the  form  of  curtains  and  side 
panels. 

The  main  bulkheads  fore  and  aft  of  the  bomb  bay  section 
have  plastics  doors.  Doors  made  from  phenolic  cloth  base 
laminated  material  such  as  shown  are  used  on  the  Martin 
B-26  Marauder.  And  according  to  the  Glenn  L.  Martin 
Company,  the  change  from  aluminum  doors  to  plastics  re- 
sulted in  a  10  percent  reduction  in  weight. 

Another  unusual  application  of  plastics  to  aircraft  is  to 
be  seen  in  the  large  aileron  quadrant  attached  to  the  portion 
of  the  rear  spar  extending  through  the  fuselage.  This  part 
is  compression  molded  from  macerated  fabric  base  phenolic 
compound  for  the  Glenn  L.  Martin  Company,  and  is  used 
in  the  B-26  Marauder.  The  plastics  quadrant  is  reported 
to  outwear  the  original  aluminum  counterpart  and  weighs 
.875  pounds  less. 

The  next  item  of  interest  is  fuel  cell  liners,  sometimes 
referred  to  as  backing  plates.  Before  the  incorporation  of 
(Continued  on  page  343) 


78 


MARCH  1945 


In  preparation  for  molding  distributor  caps,  an  operator  re- 
moves uniformly-plasticized  preforms  from  a  1.5  kw  "Thermex" 


Electronic  preform  preheating  substantially  cuts  rejects  on  these 
rayon  yarn  spool  ends,  for  which  the  tolerance  is  only  .0025" 


Boosting1  Product  Quality 
With  Electronic  Heat 


C.   C.  (BrumL 


eve 


Assistant    to     the     Vice-President 
The   Girdler  Corp.,  Thermen    Div. 


High  Frequency  Permits  Thorough  Control 
Of  Factors  Affecting  the  Molding  Process 


S  research-minded  leaders  in  the  plastics  industry  con- 
fidently predicted  it  would,  the  high  frequency  dielec- 

ic  method  of  heating  preforms  has  come  into  its  own  in 

e  compression  and  transfer  molding  of  thermosetting  resin 

impounds. 

It  is  no  longer  merely  a  laboratory  experiment  holding 
great  promise,  but  a  practical  production  tool  of  proven 
worth  that  is  putting  its  users  in  a  highly  strategic  position 
in  competitive  markets. 

Additional  evidence  that  electronic  heating  has  arrived 
can  be  found  on  every  hand.  At  Cambridge,  Ohio,  to  cite 
example  that  will  be  considered  here  at  length,  one  of  the 

lion's  oldest  and  largest  custom   molders,  the  Plastics 

'ivision  of  the  Continental  Can  Company,  plans  a  complete 
change-over  to  Thermex  high  frequency.  "I  consider  it  as 
important  now,  and  in  our  postwar  plans,  as  our  powder 
and  presses,"  J.  E.  Wolfe,  general  manager,  recently  said. 
This  division,  a  peacetime  producer  of  parts  in  the  automo- 
tive, appliance  and  other  fields,  was  acquired  by  Continental 


on  May  15,  1944,  and  its  facilities  eventually  are  to  be 
tripled.  As  the  plant  is  enlarged,  the  number  of  electronic 
heating  units  is  expected  to  be  increased  from  the  ten  now 
in  operation  to  well  over  fifty.  They  will  range  in  size  from 
400  watts  to  8  kw,  with  the  1.5  kw  model  in  the  principal 
role. 

Eli  Jensen,  Continental's  technical  advisor,  considers  the 
marked  reduction  in  the  percentage  of  rejects  one  of  the 
chief  benefits  gained  with  high  frequency.  The  overall  ad- 
vantages he  lists  as  follows : 

(1)  The  preform  is  uniformly  plasticized,  regardless  of 
its  od  or  thickness,  usually  within  from  15  to  60  sees. 

(2)  It  flows  quickly  to  all  parts  of  the  mold  cavity,  mak- 
ing possible  the  production  of  larger  and  more  complex 
items. 

(3)  The  molding  of  high  impact  materials  ceases  to  be 
troublesome. 

(4)  Molding  pressures  are  equalized. 

(5)  Pressure  can  be  reduced  as  much  as  80%. 


\f  4  i  >  *    1 1     i  n  J  r 


WHY  TRANSFER  MOLDING  GIVES  FINE  INSERTS 


Slender  metal  inserts  are  made  possible 
in  .plastic  bodies  by  the  patented  transfer 
molding  process,  which  has  additional 
features  that  make  it  one  of  the  most  efficient 
means  of  molding  the  vast  group  of  phen- 
olics,  ureas  and  melamines  —  and  which 
may  use  conventional,  compression-type 
molding  presses. 

In  this  process,  the  thermosettmg  com- 
pound is  subject  to  heat  and  pressure  in  a 
chamber  connected  with  the  mold  cavity. 
The  compound  flows  into  the  mold  cavity, 
which  has  been  previously  closed  with  the 
inserts  already  in  position.  "Curing"  takes 
place  in  the  mold,  which  is  then  opened  for 
removal  of  the  parts. 

The  flow  of  the  fully  plasiicized  com- 
pound into  the  closed  mold  cavity  avoids 
damaging  or  dislocating  inserts,  which  can 
occur  in  compression  molding,  where  the 
material  is  crushed  against  the  inserts.  Thus, 
transfer  molding  permits  the  production  of 
parts  which  have  delicate  inserts,  such  as 
the  two  samples  shown  at  right. 

The  body  of  the  larger  piece  is  about 
23/4"  long.  The  thermosetting  plastic  flowed 
evenly  around  the  thin  metal  inserts  with- 
out disturbing  them  in  the  least.  In  the 
small  piece,  which  is  about  34"  long,  thin 
copper  wire  has  been  precisely  placed  and 
left  undamaged. 


A  list  of  licensed  transfer  molders  near  your  own 
plant  will  be  furnished  upon  request.  Reprints  of 
technical  articles  prepared  by  Shaw  engineers  are 
also  available. 

Pioneering  in  plastics  since  1  892  has  given  Shaw 
a  knowledge  of  plastics  which  is  both  broad  and 
detailed. 

In  cooperation  with  the  Plax  Corporation, 
Hartford  5,  Conn.,  Shaw  offers  advanced  help  in 
the  application  of  a  very  broad  range  of  plastic 
materials  to  your  needs.  For  specific  help  on  your 
own  product  problems,  and  for  the  names  of 
160  COIT  STREET,  *  IRVINGTON  11,  NEW  JERSEY  licensed  transfer  molders  near  you  .  .  write  Shaw. 


SHAW  INSULATOR  COMPANY 


80 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PLAX  CELLULOSE  ACETATE  BUTYRATE  PRODUCTS 


The  following  illustrated  literature  is  available 
on  request: 

Several  bulletins  on  Plax  Polystyrene  products 
and  how  to  machine  them. 

Data  on  Plax  Cellulose   Acetate  products. 

Data  on  Plax's  blown  products. 

Other  materials  offered  by  Plax  in  various  forms 
include  Ethyl  Cellulose,  Methacrylate,  Polyethy- 
lene and  Styramic.  In  cooperation  with  the  Shaw 
Insulator  Company,  Irvington  11,  N.  J.,  Plax  offers 
authoritative  help  and  products  which  cover  most 
plastic  materials  and  forming  methods.  Write  Plax 
for  the  literature  listed  or  for  information  on  any 
plastics  problem. 


Plax  supplies  Cellulose  Acetate  Butyrate  in  film, 
sheet,  slab,  rod,  tubing,  blown  ware  and  fiber  —  in  all 
colors,  from  clear  to  pearlescent.  Characteristics  are 
as  follows: 

MECHANICAL 

Tensile  Strength,  p.s.i.  2500-6700 

Modulus  of  Elasticity  in  Tension,  p.s.i.x  10»    0.6-2.0 
Compressive  Strength.  p.s.i.  75OO-22.000 

Flexural  Strength,  p.s.i.  2000- 1 3.000 

Rockwell  Hardness  M25-M69 

Impact  Strength,  ft.  Ibs.  per  in.  of  notch; 

Vi"  x  Vi"  notched  bar  Izod  lest  0.8-7.9 

Water  Absorption,  24  hrs.,  %  1.6-2.1 

ELECTRICAL 

Volume  Resistivity,  ohm.  cms. 

(50?6  rel.  hum.  at  2  5  "C  )  10<«-10'» 

Dielectric  Strength  Short  Time,  Volts  per 

mil.  Vi"  thick  250-400 

THERMAL 

Distortion  Temperature,  'f 
Transition  Temperature,    F 
Softening  Point,    F 
Specific  Heat.  cal.  per  °C  per  gram 
Burning  Rate 

Thermal  Expansion,  10->  per  *C 
Thermal  Conductivity,  1  o-«  cal.  per  sec. 

per  sq.  cm/ 1  °C  per  cm. 
Resistance  to  Heat  (continuous  )    F 

CHEMICAL  EFFECTS 

Weak  Acids  Slight 

Strong  Acids  Decomposes 

Weak  Alkalis  Slight 

Strong  Alkalis  Decomposes 

Alcohols  Softens 

Esters  Dissolves 

Ketones  Dissolves 

Hydrocarbons  Little  Effect 

Like  Cellulose  Acetate  products,  items  made  from 
Cellulose  Acetate  Butyrate  may  have  dozens  of  varia- 
tions of  constituents.  This  material  can  be  virtually 
"custom  mixed"  for  your  specific  application.  For 
name  plates,  laminated  dials,  instrument  boards  and 
various  electrical  applications,  it  has  interesting  pos- 
sibilities .  .  .  For  data  on  stock  sizes,  wri.e  Plax. 


115-215 

117-160 

140-250 

O.J-0.4 

Slow 

11-16 

4.5-7.8 
140-220 


FOR  PLASTIC^ 


133  WALNUT  STREET     *    HARTFORD  5.  CONNECTICUT 


MMNH    Hit:, 


!•!.. \ST1CS 


81 


A  variety  of  products  molded  by  Continental  Can  Co.  from  their  respective  preforms  which  have  been  electronically-heated 


(6)  Insert  and  pin  breakage  is  lessened. 

(7)  Volatiles  are  removed,  thereby  eliminating  gas  pock- 
ets and  the  need  for  repeatedly  breathing  the  press. 

(8)  Since  the  core  of  the  preform  is  heated  at  the  same 
instant  and  to  the  same  degree  as  the  exterior,  granular  or 
spongy  centers  are  no  problem. 

(9)  Time  cycles  are  reduced,  in  most  operations  50%  or 
more,  thus  greatly  increasing  the  output  of  the  press. 

(10)  Better  flow  properties  relieve  internal  strains  and 
give  the  final  product  superior  structural  strength. 

(11)  The  number  of  defective  pieces  is  minimized. 

A  great  deal  has  been  said  about  how  the  high  frequency 
heating  of  preforms  boosts  production  by  shortening  mold- 
ing cycles.  But  there  is  still  another  factor  that  adds  to  out- 
put— the  reduction  in  scrap.  What  fewer  rejects  mean  in 
terms  of  economical  and  efficient  operation  is  graphically  il- 
lustrated in  the  Continental  plant,  where  spool  ends  for  9-lb 
packages  of  rayon  yarn  are  in  large-scale  production. 

For  this  and  similar  jobs,  portable,  completely  enclosed 
1.5  kw  Thermex  units  are  used  on  a  round-the-clock  sched- 
ule, each  feeding  two  400-ton  two-cavity  presses.  The  oper- 
ator simply  places  the  load  in  the  drawer  and  closes  it. 
This  starts  the  high  frequency  power  oscillating  between 
the  drawer  and  upper  electrode  and  the  molecular  friction 
thus  produced  in  the  resin  particles  uniformly  heats  20  pre- 
forms in  60  sees.  The  power  snaps  off  automatically  when 
the  heating  cycle  is  finished.  Manual  tuning  is  unnecessary. 


The  tolerance  permitted  in  these  pieces  is  ±-0025"  from 
the  perfectly  flat  condition.  Without  preheating,  they  often 
warped  beyond  salvage  or  blistered  and  had  to  be  scraped. 
Had  these  defective  ends  been  used  by  the  mill,  the  rayon 
yarn  would  have  broken  as  it  was  wound  upon  the  spools, 
causing  costly  shutdowns.  With  preheating,  the  number  of 
rejects  dropped  from  10%  to  1%,  resulting  in  an  additional 
$50  worth  of  usable  pieces  each  day;  production  rose  15% 
and  quality  was  sharply  upgraded. 

The  cost  of  the  Thermex  heat  on  this  job  can  be  broken 
down  into  these  approximations: 


(Dollars) 
Value 

Initial  co$» $2150 

Tube  replacements  (based 

cm  average  life  of  5000 

hrs.) 656 

Maintenance 100 

Power  cost 1  c 


De- 
preciation 
Period 
(Hrs.) 

30,000 


30,000 

30,000 

per  kw  hr. 


Coit 
Per 
Hour 
(Cents) 
.072 


.022 
.004 
.003 


Total  cost  per  hour 101 

The  cost  for  three  8-hour-shifts  is  $2.42  for  each  unit,  so 
that  the  saving  amounts  to  about  $45  for  every  day  of  oper- 
ation. The  initial  investment  in  equipment,  then,  will  be 
recovered  in  a  little  over  four  months,  taking  into  account 
only  the  drop  in  the  number  of  rejects. 

(Continued  on  page  353) 


82 


Continental's  large-scale  use  of  high-frequency  heat  is  illustrated  by  these  scenes  showing  1.5  and  8  kw  "Thermex"  units 

PLASTICS  MARCH  1945 


DIVISION 


ir  rc 


ALTHOUGH  the  use  of  plastics 
materials  for  decorative  purposes 
is  very  limited  at  present,  much  inter- 
esting work  is  being  done  by  way  of  ex- 
periment, and  valuable  merchandising 
and  fabricating  data  are  being  accumu- 
lated which  may  guide  those  who  arc 
contemplating  entrance  into  this  field 
when  materials  are  made  available  in 
quantity. 

In  their  relatively  short  existence  as  a 
major  factor  in  industry,  plastics  have 
already  been  glamorized,  overglamo- 
rized  and  then  deglamorized,  but  it  looks 
finally  as  if  the  time  has  now  come  when 
they  will  be  sold  on  the  basis  of  the  bal- 
anced appreciation  which  is  their  just 
due.  Certainly  there  have  been  writers 
who  have  tried  to  transmute  polystyrene 
into  a  perfume,  but  plastics  is  well  past 
the  stage  which  may  have  been  influ- 
enced by  the  romanticism  which  grew  up 
with  the  industry  because  of  its  tremen- 
dous appeal. 

Plastics  has  passed  that  stage,  be- 
coming more  industrialized  each  day  as 
is  amply  evidenced  by  the  splendid  job  it] 
has  already  done  in  the  war.  Yet,  cer- 
tain plastics  have  plenty  of  beauty  in 
surface  and  color,  and  they  can  be  given 
beauty  of  form.  That  the  decorative 
applications  in  plastics  are  here  to  stay, 
is  evident  from  recent  achievements  in 
three  different  plastics  mediums — the 
acrylics,  cast  phenolics  and  cellulose 
acetates.  That  each  medium  requires  its 


VENTURE?  /» 
DECORAT/0/V 


"Cotalin"  cast  phenolic  is  the  medium  in  whic 
the  diverse  ornaments  illustrated  at  upper  le 
and  gay  toys  at  lower  left  are  made.  The  r 
Norman  flower  holder  and  the  picture  frame 
were  items  in  a  lively  and  bizarre  exhibit  of  de 
orations  madefrom  "Lumarith"  cellulose  aceto 


".See  Deep".  Cardinal*.*  original  and  unique  three  <limen».ioiijil 
pliiHiif.  —  Combined  with  the  fini.shed  metal*  of  lloo*i«>r  l^imp 
and  Sniiiipiny  Corporation  —  Two  manufacturer*.  >.|M>«-ialiNtM  In 
decorative  fiuishc*.  coinbiniiiu  skill  and  pro<-«->s«-s 
name  —  HooNler  Cardinal  4'orporation. 


¥  T 


r«  T 


A  Tl  TVTXT  A  T 


The  method  of  engraving  and  coloring  the  "Plexiglas"  tray  in 
the  foreground  is  applied  to  the  base  of  the  box,  which  is  also 
enriched  by  a  deep  blue  contrasting  with  clear  sides  and  top 


After  the  "Plexiglas  object  has  been  engraved  by  means  of 
drill  seen  at  the  top  of  the  photo,  the  design  is  brought  out  by 
dip-dye  colors  applied  with  dropper,  as  shown  here,  or  by  brush 


own  technique  is  the  best  kind  of  testi- 
mony to  the  potential  variety  in  plastics. 
And  the  fact  that  these  objects  of  art 
have  been  made  up  from  whatever  odds 
and  ends  military  requirements  have 
permitted  at  the  moment  is  a  sign  that 
plastics  have  the  power  of  stimulating 
creative  ingenuity. 

Perhaps  the  most  novel  of  these  ven- 
tures is  that  of  Emile  Norman,  working 
with  Liiniarith  cellulose  acetate.  This 
young  Californian,  taking  advantage  of 
the  sheet  form  in  which  the  material  is 
available,  has  done  an  elaborate  job  of 
cutting  and  cementing  with  it.  In  addi- 
tion, he  has  shaped  it,  colored  it  and 
applied  small  frosted  bits  of  the  same 
material  to  vary  the  surface.  By  a  com- 
bination of  all  of  these  means,  he  has 
contrived  lamps,  pagoda-  and  lantern- 
like  flower  holders,  table  centerpieces, 
candle  holders,  ballerina  headdresses 
(which  will  serve  the  sophisticate  for 
evening  wear ) ,  picture  frames  and  pure- 
ly rococo  show  pieces. 

Exhibited  recently  at  the  Pendelton 
Galleries  in  New  York,  and  later  in  Chi- 
cago, under  the  sponsorship  of  the  inte- 
rior decorator.  Nelson  P.  Fink,  they 
attracted  considerable  attention ;  press 
notices  also  were  good.  Of  the  more 
fanciful  designs,  a  writer  in  the  New 
York  Times  said  that  they  brought  to 
mind  "the  wax-flowers-under-glass 
cherished  by  Victorian  decorators,  and 
the  spun  sugar  fantasies  created  by 
imaginative  confectioners."  In  such 
pieces  as  the  picture  frames,  illustrated 
here,  however,  their  bizarre  effect  is 
provocative,  enhancing  the  special 
quality  of  the  water  colors  themselves. 
which  Mr.  Norman  also  painted.  Aside 
from  the  value  of  the  particular  pieces 
which  make  up  Mr.  Norman's  first  out- 
pouring (and  most  of  them  will  appeal 
only  to  a  rather  special  taste),  they  are 
important  because  they  demonstrate 
what  the  creative  artist  can  do  when  he 
approaches  plastics  materials  with  an 
open  mind,  untrammeled  by  conventional 
notions  of  what  decorative  objects 
snould  be  like. 

Some  idea  of  the  merchandising  possi- 
bilities of  Mr.  Norman's  pieces  may  be 
had  from  their  prices.  The  pink  frame 
illustrated  was  priced  at  $75,  the  green 
at  $125.  A  small  centerpiece  was 
marked  at  $125,  a  la'rge  one  at  $225. 
Small  floral  pieces,  boutonnieres  and  a 
headdress  sold  at  $35. 

Going  into  another  realm,  the  Plexi- 
f/las  box  illustrated  shows  a  new  de- 
velopment in  acrylics  as  an  artistic 
medium. 

Aside  from  the  intrinsic  beauty  of  the 
material  itself,  the  attractive  decorative 
effect  is  derived  from  engraving  and 
from  color.  Only  the  base  has  been 
dyed  a  deep  blue,  the  other  sides  being 
of  crystal  clarity.  In  addition,  the  base 
(.Continued  on  page  350) 


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COLOR^DIP-DYE 


RAPID  progress  has  been  and  is  still  being  made  in  the  coloring  of  solid  non- 
metallic  materials  such  as  synthetic  rubber  and  plastics,  ('•  2-  3)  thus  opening 
a  wide  field  of  application  where  sales  volume  and  consumer  acceptability  are  in- 
fluenced greatly  by  eye  appeal.     This  is  particularly  true  of  women's  adornments 
and  novelties,  but  it  also  may  be  true  in  interior  design  of  the  home  or  office. 

In  almost  all  cases,  the  process  of  coloring  synthetic  rubber  or  plastics  materials 
has  not  been  the  same  as  that  used  for  fabrics,  i.e.,  tank  dyeing,  but  has  been  the 
incorporation  of  the  coloring  substance,  whether  in  the  form  of  an  insoluble  dyestuff 
or  as  a  pigment,  in  the  material  during  compounding.  Through  recent  developments, 

(Continued  on  page  144} 


Light,  tiansluci 
colors  are  obtain 
through  the  use 
Great  American  C 
or  CO.'B  aqua  dy 
on  clear  plast 


A  broad  ranges: 
tints  and  shcsf 
has  been  develoc 
for  coloring  e 
acrylics,  v  i  n  ii 
and  cellulos:s 


THE     MARK     OF     PRECISION     PRODUCTION 


GENERAL  MOLDED  PRODUCTS  •  INC 

GENERAL    OFFICE    AND    PLANT  DES     PLAINES        •     ILLINOIS 


For  more   detailed  information 


tubing  and  finings,  write  for 
circulars  containing  data  and 
illustrations.  Or,  write  on  your 
letterhead  for  the  new  Injec- 
tion Molded  and  Extruded 
Plastics  catalog.  *T>.  Mu*iUc. 


Here  at  Mills,  every  phase  of  production  from 
drawing  board  to  the  finished  product,  is  char- 
acterized by  the  phrase,  "can  do." 

This  "can  do"  is  built  upon  extensive  peacetime 
experience  and  the  versatile  "know  how"  ac- 
quired through  meeting  war's  urgent  demands. 

Recent  developments  in  techniques  and  mate- 
rials have  revealed  new  and  richer  possibilities 
for  thermoplastics.  Mills'  engineering  and  creative 
staffs  are  using  their  working  knowledge  of  these 
technical  advances  to  constantly  improve  our  in- 
jection molding  and  extrusion  of  thermoplastics. 

Your  investigation  of  Mills'  "can  do"  may  well 
provide  the  profitable  answer  to  your  peacetime 
production  problems. 


ELMER  E.  MILLS  CORPORATION 

Molders   of  Tenite,  lumonth,  Plastocele,  Fib«stos,  lucite.  Crystallite,  Polystyrene,  Styron, 
tusiron,  Loalin,  Vmyhte,  Mills-Plastic,  Saran   and   Other  Thermoplastic  Materials 

153    WEST    HURON    STREET,   CHICAGO   1O,   ILLINOIS 


"Plastifonn"  stretcher  dies 
like  this  withstand  loads 
as  high  as  1.250.000  Ib 


£  JL  C. 


Duorite  Plastic  Industries 


ONE  of  the  most  singular  of  recent  developments  in 
aircraft  tooling  has  been  the  combining  of  certain 
ceramic  and  thermoplastic  ingredients  to  form  a  material 
which  is  100%  reclaimable  and  can  be  cast  by  pouring, 
brushing,  spraying  or  dipping  without  shrinkage,  expan- 
sion or  warpage.  When  cured,  its  compressive  strength  has 
been  found  to  attain  15,000  psi;  yet  it  can  be  sawed,  sanded 
or  drilled  like  wood. 

Known  as  PUistiform,  product  of  Duorite  Plastic  Indus- 
tries, Culver  City,  Calif.,  the  material  is  now  being  used  in 
West  Coast  aircraft  factories  to  make  profile  or  Keller  du- 
plicating blocks,  blueing  blocks,  master  mock-ups,  master 
checking  fixtures,  protective  coverings,  and  molds  for  cast- 
ing other  material.  After  the  war,  it  could  be  used  in  making 
children's  toys,  scenic  casts  for  motion  picture  or  stage  sets, 
signs,  dishes,  vases,  statues,  models,  dressmaker's  forms, 
and  various  tools  or  masters  for  use  in  the  automotive  and 
other  industries. 

This  new  plastics  has  a  flash  point  of  510°  F,  and  can  be 
melted  or  re-melted  at  only  240°  F.  Because  of  its  low 
operating  temperatures  and  quick  cooling,  it  offers  a  high 
degree  of  safety,  and  can  be  used  to  produce  individual 
casts  in  only  4  min. 

The  process  employed  in  using  Plostiform  is  as  follows: 
A  rectangular  or  round  double  boiler  is  filled  with  an  oil 
bath  for  the  purpose  of  melting  the  new  tooling  material. 
The  boiler  should  be  made  of  either  steel  or  black  iron,  and 
a  space  of  1 1/2  to  2"  should  be  allowed  between  the  inner  and 
outer  containers.  A  removable  or  hinged  lid  covers  the 
outer  portion  of  the  boiler,  and  the  inner  portion  is  equipped 


\i 


Tough 
Tooling 


New  Quick-Cooling  Thermoplastic 
Has  High  Compress/ ve  Strength 


with  a  lip  which  will  snugly  fit  over  the  rim  of  the  outer  con- 
tainer. A  V/i"  pipe  vents  the  outer  container  2"  from  its 
top,  and  a  faucet  is  used  to  withdraw  the  plastics  when  it  is 
in  a  molten  state. 

Either  gas  or  electricity  supplies  the  necessary  heat,  and 
a  thermostat  control  is  placed  in  the  oil  bath  to  maintain 
temperatures  of  300°-450°  F.  The  mineral  oil  used  for  the 
bath  should  have  a  fire  point  of  at  least  520°  F,  an  SSU 
viscosity  of  93  at  210°  F,  and  an  NPA  color  rating  of  not 
more  than  6. . 

The  inner  tank  of  the  boiler  is  filled  with  PUistiform,  and 
for  normal  melting,  the  thermostat  of  the  outer  tank  is  set 
for  an  oil  temperature  of  300°  F.  If  rapid  melting  is  de- 
sired, the  oil  temperature  is  increased  to  approximately 
450°  F  and  the  Plostiform  is  agitated  to  prevent  tackiness, 
bubbles  and  separations.  The  lower  temperature  is  gen- 
erally preferable,  because  the  plastics  flows  best  at  tem- 
peratures of  245°-260°  F.  In  any  event,  the  oil  bath  should 
be  maintained  at  a  temperature  of  approximately  50M000  F 
higher  than  the  desired  temperature  of  the  Plostiform. 

Because  this  material  is  100%  reclaimable,  any  and  all 
scraps  of  previously-used  batches  can  be  re-melted  simply 
by  placing  them  in  the  inner  portion  of  the  boiler.  No 
additives  are  necessary. 

If  the  material  becomes  congealed  on  handling  equip- 
ment, it  can  readily  be  knocked  off  with  a  hammer.  Thick 


The  upper  three  unit*  are  part*  of  a  piaster  mold 
used  In  casting  the  "Plastlform"  lube-bending  block 


91 


This  aircraft  tooling  fixture,  which  consists  of 
"Plastiform"  cast  on  a  metal  base,  is  used  for 
holding  parts  to  be  drilled,  trimmed  and  scribed 


sections  are  easier  to  remove  than  thin  sections. 

All  types  of  molds  can  be  used  in  casting  Plastiform.  If 
the  mold  is  made  of  a  porous  material — such  as  plaster,  wood 
or  cardboard — it  should  be  sealed  with  two  or  three  wet 
coats  of  raw  linseed  oil  and  turpentine  mixed  to  equal  pro- 
portions. Any  good  high-gloss  wax  paste  can  be  used  as  a 
parting  agent  in  the  mold. 

When  extreme  contours  or  off-sets  are  to  be  cast  with 
Plastiform,  it  is  advisable  to  pre-heat  the  mold  to  approxi- 
mately 120°  F.  This  increases  the  solidifying  time  of  the 
material  and  prevents  flow  lines.  In  making  ordinary  casts 
from  molds  of  metals,  phenolics,  acrylics,  acetates,  and 
magnesite,  it  is  necessary  only  to  wax  the  surfaces  of  the 
molds. 


Saw  and  trim  fixture — all  "Plastifonn"  except  toggle  clamp 


If  no  shrinkage  is  permissible,  best  results  can  often  be 
obtained  by  brushing  or  spraying  the  plastics  in  a  mold.  An 
ordinary  paint  brush  may  be  used,  and  the  surfaces  of  the 
mold  should  be  coated  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Successive 
coats  may  be  added  to  build  up  the  desired  wall  thickness  by 
allowing  each  coat  to  set  before  an  additional  coat  is  applied. 

When  it  is  to  be  cast  in  the  ordinary  manner,  the  material 
should  be  poured  steadily  without  splashing,  until  the  mold 
is  completely  filled.  Flow  lines  might  be  caused  by  slow 
or  intermittent  pouring. 

A  hollow  casting  can  be  made  without  the  use  of  a  core, 
simply  by  filling  the  mold  to  the  top  and  allowing  it  to  stand 
until  the  desired  wall  thickness  has  been  attained.  Excess 
material  in  the  center  of  the  casting  can  then  be  poured  off 
before  it  solidifies. 

A  shell  casting  can  be  made  by  partly  filling  a  mold 
with  Plastiform  and  tilting  it  so  that  the  material  will  flow 
over  the  appropriate  surfaces.  Additional  pouring  and 
tilting  will  subsequently  build  up  the  desired  wall  thickness. 

This  plastics  material  can  also  be  used  to  make  castings 
or  to  form  protective  coverings  by  dipping.  The  mold  or 
object  to  be  protected  is  first  warmed  and  then  immersed 
quickly  in  the  molten  mass.  Successive  dips  build  up  the 
required  wall  thickness. 

The  most  important  thing  to  remember  in  casting  Plasti- 
form is  that  it  will  pick  up  each  and  every  minute  detail 
on  the  surfaces  of  the  mold.  For  this  reason,  the  surfaces  of 
the  mold  should  be  as  smooth  as  the  surfaces  desired  on  the 
finished  product. 

If  the  castings  become  slightly  marred  or  cracked,  they 
can  be  readily  patched  by  filling  in  with  new  material,  which 
can  be  heated  and  worked  by  means  of  an  ordinary  soldering 
iron.  Large  recesses  can  be  filled  in  with  a  paint  brush  or 
by  pouring  the  molten  material  into  the  given  areas,  since 
a  bond  will  be  formed  immediately. 

Since  there  is  no  appreciable  shrinkage  in  Plastiform, 
suitable  drafts  should  be  made  on  all  molds  so  that  castings 
of  this  material  may  be  removed.  The  finished  casting  can 
be  brightly  polished  by  rubbing  briskly  with  steel  wool. 

Probably  the  most  unusual  use  for  this  material  has  been 
(Continued  on  page  342) 


92 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


25 


PLASTIC  MOLDING 


vena* 


The  additional  equip- 
ment, skill  and  personnel 
accumulated  during  these 
years  enable  us  to  offer 
you  finished  work  second 
to  none.  Our  designing 
staff  stands  ready  to  as- 
sist you  with  plans  and 
drawings.  Our  expert 
mold-makers  build  your 
molds  with  the  utmost  ac- 
curacy. Our  experienced 
molders  know  how  to  pro- 
duce the  most  intricate 
pieces  from  every  type  of 
plastic  material. 

In  short,  you'll  find  at 
this  plant  in  TRENTON, 
New  Jersey  the  final  an- 
swer to  your  molding 
problem. 


TU»QC     MARK 


KUHH  &  JflCOB  mOLDIM  &  TOOL  CO. 


1200    SOUTHARD    STREET.    TRENTON    8.    N    J. 

TELCPHONC  TRCNTON  51* I 
55  WEST  42nd  STRECT,  NEW  YORK  18.  N  Y 


MARCH   194.r> 


PLASTICS 


93 


INJECTION 


VISION  •  EXPERIENCE  •  CAPACITY 


(MOLDING  BY    STERLING 


Injection  Molding  by  Sterling  embodies  Quality  and  Service 
at  a  Saving  .  .  .  Considered  separately,  each  of  these  per- 
formance essentials  enjoys  a  special  Sterling  interpretation: 


.  .  .  Our  reputation  for  precision  plastics  produc- 
tion is  founded  upon  ...  a  thorough  and  up-to-the-minute 
knowledge  of  plastics  materials—  their  use-wise  characteristics 
and  properties  .  .  .  and  upon  the  proven  skill  of  our  designers 
and  mold  makers. 


...  We're  an  under-one-roof  organization  —  our 
centrally  located,  orderly,  modern,  fully  equipped  plant 
spreads  out  over  green  acres.  It  was  built  with  an  eye  to 
plastics'  future.  We've  everything  we  need  for  your  needs— 
and  we've  the  "know-how"  for  rendering  the  type  of  service 
that  satisfies. 


ftuvA  .  .  .  Often  appreciable  —  but  never  at  quality's 
expense.  Some  are  achieved  through  ingenious  mold  design- 
others  result  in  the  run  ...  All  conserve  product  costs  and 
protect  the  manufacturer's  profit. 

<c//f  j'/rjty  .  .  .a  group  of  technicians,  engineers  and  highly 
trained  plastics  craftsmen,  well  able  to  serve  your  immediate 
requirements  and  well  qualified  to  counsel  with  you  on  the 
projection  of  plastics  products  for  postwar.  Inquiries  invited. 


PJ.AWCS  CO 


1130     COMMERCE     AVE.,     UNION,     N.     J 


Q   U  A   I   I  T  V 


Thread   milling   on   a   lathe.     Two   speeds — one    for    the   cutter, 
the    other    for    chucked    work — are    involved    in    this    operation 


In  turning  operations  on  a  cup  lid.  the  chuck  may  be 
used,  with  the  tool  ground  to  provide  a  ribbon  cut 
which  will  produce  the  illustrated  type  of  shaving 


Machining 


Q. 


cvien 


Ned  6.  Levien  Co.,  Inc. 


WHILE  most  machine  operations  on  other  plastics  can 
also  be  used  on  cast  phenolics,  some  are  not 
practicable.  This  is  aside  from  the  fact  that  operating  speeds 
for  this  material  will  differ  from  those  required  for  other 
plastics,  as  will  also,  occasionally,  operating  conditions.  The 
differences  in  machining  requirements  are,  of  course,  gov- 
erned by  the  nature  of  the  material.  For  one  thing,  cast 
phenolics  are  relatively  more  brittle  than  acrylics  and  cellu- 
losics,  which  makes  normal  sawing  and  blanking  operations 
less  feasible  on  cast  phenolics  than  on  the  others.  Then 
again,  phenolics  are  more  abrasive  in  composition  than  a 
number  of  other  plastics,  so  that  machining  them  entails 
more  frequent  attention  to  the  condition  of  tools.  And  again, 
phenolics,  in  several  machining  processes,  especially  where 
a  considerable  amount  of  material  is  taken  off  at  a  rapid 
rate,  throw  off  dust  and  fumes  that  must  often  be  guarded 
against  by  adequate  blower  systems. 

Cutting 

While  the  steel-bladed  circular  saw  may  be  used  on  some 
cast  phenolic  sections  of  small  thickness  (to  about  "4"),  it 
is  sensible  practice  to  avoid  using  the  steel  saw  and  to  turn 
the  usual  sawing  operations  over  to  the  abrasive  wheel.  The 
steel  saw  simply  won't  stand  up  to  phenolics  economically, 
for  the  abrasive  nature  of  phenolic  material  causes  the  blade 
to  dull  rapidly,  with  the  resultant  need  for  continual  re- 
sharpening.  Not  only  that,  but  chipping  of  the  cut  edges  of 
the  work  is  a  constant  problem  with  the  circular  saw.  How- 
ever, for  cutting  operations  where  there  is  an  impelling 
reason  for  using  the  steel  saw  instead  of  the  abrasive  disc, 
the  blade  should  be  of  high-speed  steel  and  should  be 
operated  at  about  2000  rpm.  The  blade  should  be  adjusted 
so  that  the  exposed  portion  of  the  teeth  protrudes  only  slight- 
ly above  the  surface  of  the  material  as  the  work  is  fed  to 
the  saw. 

Whether  mounted  on  a  circular  saw  arbor  or  on  a  swing 
or  radial  arm,  the  abrasive  wheel,  the  proper  tool  for  cutting 
cast  phenolic  resins,  is  operated  at  fairly  high  speed,  with  a 
stream  of  water  constantly  directed  at  the  work  at  the  point 
of  operation  to  prevent  scorching  of  the  material  and  filling 
of  the  abrasive.  While  operating  speeds  of  5000  or  6000  rpm 
theoretically  permit  more  rapid  feed,  there  is  actually  a 
practical  limit  when  effect  on  material,  safety  and  operator 
fatigue  are  considered.  The  safest  all-round  operating 
speed  for  cast  phenolics  is  from  1800  to  2500  rpm,  de- 
pending on  the  diameter  of  the  wheel  and  the  thickness  of 
the  material  under  operation. 

Abrasive  discs  for  cutting  cast  phenolics,  since  they 
operate  through  water,  should  be  of  the  resin-bonded  or 
rubber-bonded  type.  For  general  work,  a  disc  thickness  of 
1/16"  is  satisfactory.  For  thin  sections,  the  thickness  of 
the  disc  may  go  down  to  .04"  or  .05".  The  determining 
factor  in  the  consideration  of  abrasive  wheel  thickness  is 
the  fact  that  the  disc  is  extremely  fragile.  If,  in  feeding  the 
work,  excessive  pressure  is  put  against  the  periphery  of  the 
wheel,  the  slightest  misdirection  of  the  work  may  cause 
the  disc  to  snap.  There  is  no  warning  here  as  there  is  in 
the  case  of  the  steel-bladed  saw,  which  will  bind  or  balk, 
but  won't  snap  except  under  great  off-angle  feeds  at  great 


Kasf  Phenolics 


Brittle  and  Abrasive  Nature  of  These  Materials  Demands 
That  Special  Attention  he  Given  Fabricating  Technique 


pressure.     In  abrasive  wheel  cutting,  safety  guards  are  a 
"must." 

The  diameter  of  the  abrasive  disc  is  governed  by  the 
thickness  of  the  section  to  be  cut.  But  even  here  the  fragil- 
ity of  the  wheel  is  a  consideration,  the  more  so  as  the 
diameter  becomes  greater.  The  precaution  to  be  taken  in 
this  connection  is  in  the  flanges  mounted  on  the  arbor  on 
each  side  of  the  disc.  The  diameter  of  the  flange  should 
be  such  that  the  exposed  abrasive  surface  of  the  wheel 
available  for  cutting  is  only  slightly  greater  than  the  thick- 
ness of  the  section  to  be  cut.  This  is  another  way  of  say- 
ing that  all  possible  area  of  the  disc  not  actually  engaged  in 
cutting  should  be  rigidly  contained  within  the  flanges.  This 
not  only  aids  in  diminishing  the  possibility  of  the  wheel's 
snapping,  but  also  tends  to  keep  the  disc  true  to  the  plane 
in  which  it  is  intended  to  revolve.  Generally  speaking,  as 
small  a  diameter  of  wheel  should  be  used  as  can  operate  on 
the  thickness  of  the  work  Two  other  precautions  against 
wheel  breakage  should  be  observed:  the  work  should  be 
held  securely  and  fed  true  and  as  little  vibration  as  possible 
should  be  transmitted  from  anywhere  along  the  machine  to 
the  point  of  operation. 

Bond  and  Jig  Sawing 

As  for  most  materials,  the  band  saw  is  economically  justi- 
fied for  use  on  cast  phenolics  only  on  thick  sections,  on 
stacks  of  layered  sheets  and  on  shaped  cuts.  The  band  for 
phenolics  is  of  the  metal-cutting  type  and,  for  most  cuts,  has 
little  clearance  and  only  a  slight  set  to  the  teeth.  For 
shaped  cuts,  this  set  should  be  increased.  The  blade  thick- 
ness can  be  1/32"  for  most  work.  For  undeviating  straight 
cuts,  a  band  width  of  J4"  is  good  for  almost  all  thicknesses 
of  section  within  range  of  the  band  saw,  but  this  gets 
narrowed  progressively  with  increasing  acuteness  of 
curve  in  shaped  cuts.  Where  the  curve  is  quite  tight, 
however,  the  operation  had  better  be  done  by  the  jig  saw. 
The  range  of  tooth  distribution  for  the  band-sawing  of 
phenolics  is  from  12  to  18  teeth  per  inch,  the  selection  being 
normally  governed  by  the  quality  of  the  cut  desired  (the 
finer  the  cut,  the  greater  the  number  of  teeth  per  inch) 
and  by  the  operating  speed  (the  greater  the  speed,  the 
fewer  the  teeth  per  inch).  A  good  general  working  rule 
is  to  use  a  band  of  14  teeth  to  the  inch  operating  at  a  speed 
of  1400  fpm,  although  this  distribution  of  teeth  remains 
feasible  at  operating  speeds  of  from  1200  to  1500  fpm. 

The  very  length  of  the  band  provides  it  with  an  oppor- 
tunity to  cool  before  any  given  point  of  the  blade  repeats 
its  contact  with  the  work,  so  that  no  coolant  is  necessary. 
As  a  sidelight  in  connection  with  the  cutting  of  stacked  or 
layered  sheets  to  shape  on  the  band  saw,  it  might  be  pointed 
out  that  the  frequently  seen  practice  of  using,  as  a  template, 
paper  cemented  to  the  surface  of  the  top  sheet,  with  the  sub- 
sequent necessity  of  stripping  the  paper,  can  be  obviated  by 
scribing  the  pattern  on  the  top  sheet  and  filling  in  the  scribe 
marks  with  crayon. 

Jig-sawing  cast  phenolics  requires  a  metal-cutting  blade 
—usually  jeweler's  blades  Nos.  4  and  5,  with  the  No.  3 
jeweler's  blade  preferable  for  cuts  involving  tight  curves 
and  acute  turns. 


The  open  jaws  of  the  abrasive  forming  machine  above  reveal  iU 
construction.  Feed-wheel  speed  is  1:50  to  form-wheel  speed.  Be- 
low, a  fast  No.  60  drill  puts  a  hinge-pin  hole  In  a  vanity 


A  constant  stream  of  water  keeps  this  cutoff  wheel  from  heat- 
ing to  point  at  which  the  abrasive  fills,  and  work  is  scorched 


From  the  standpoint  of  the  fabrication  not  only  of  cast 
phenolics  but  of  all  plastics,  the  jig  saw,  although  a  com- 
paratively inexpensive  investment,  is  a  relatively  expensive 
instrument  in  time-labor.  The  blade  is  delicate ;  the  rate  of 
feed  of  work  to  tool  is  relatively  slow ;  heat  generation  at  the 
point  of  operation,  especially  for  phenolics,  is  relatively 
high;  the  reciprocity  interval  of  the  stroke  is  too  short  to 
give  the  blade  an  opportunity  to  cool ;  and  in  long  sustained 
cuts  even  a  blower  may  be  insufficient  to  minimize  the  heat, 
so  that  there  must  be  brief  intermissions  in  feeding,  thus 
adding  to  the  time-labor  involved.  Although  there  are 
many  intricate  shapes  that  can,  at  present,  be  fabricated  only 
by  the  jig  saw,  it  is  economically  advisable  to  use  other  more 
efficient  machines  whenever  possible. 

Slicing 

Many  cutting  operations  done  on  an  abrasive  disc  can 
often  be  more  efficiently  done  by  slicing.  An  example  is 
found  in  wafers  or  discs  cut  from  rod  stock.  The  material 
is  heat-softened,  hot  oil  being  best  for  this  purpose.  The 
softening  temperature  and  the  immersion  time  will  be 
governed  by  the  cross-section  to  be  sliced  and  must  be 
determined  by  test  on  the  work  in  hand. 

The  operation  is  performed  in  a  single  stroke  by  a  high- 
speed steel  knife  about  1/8"  thick,  with  a  long  bevel  running 
back  from  the  cutting  edge.  The  blade  for  general  work 
in  average  operations  has  a  4"  cutting  edge  and  a  4"  depth 
from  edge  to  rear.  The  speed  of  the  stroke  depends  on  the 
length  and  depth  of  the  required  cut  or,  in  round  stock,  on 
the  diameter.  Since  there  is  neither  rotational  nor  reciprocal 
action,  there  is  no  "operating  speed"  in  the  usual  sense.  As- 
suming proper  degree  of  softening,  the  rapidity  with  which 
a  single  stroke  can  slice  through  without  distortion  of  the 
material  will  depend  on  the  cross-sectional  area  of  the  work 
and  will  be  determined  by  trial.  From  there  on,  the 
operation  is  governed  only  by  the  rate  of  feed.  An  indica- 
tion of  speed  and  feed  rates  may  be  gleaned  from  the  fact 
that  J^"-thick  discs  cut  from  a  l"-diameter  rod  of  cast 
phenolic  can  be  sliced  at  the  rate  of  40  per  minute. 


Turning 

A  number  of  the  processes  traditionally  associated  with 
lathe  turning  have,  in  recent  years,  been  replaced  by  other 
procedures,  notably  abrasive  forming.  Plastics  stock  need 
rarely  be  turned  to  round  rod,  since  most  such  requirements 
can  be  met  by  cast  rod  stock  sizes  furnished  by  the  manu- 
facturer or  can  be  cast  to  specified  diameters.  Where  the 
slight  taper  that  is  characteristic  of  cast  rod  is  undesirable, 
it  can  be  ground  off  and  the  rod  trued  on  the  abrasive  form- 
ing machine.  Where  beads  and  other  contours  along  the 
rod  are  to  be  produced,  the  abrasive  forming  machine  can 
do  a  much  faster  job  than  a  lathe. 

There  are,  however,  plenty  of  design  specifications  where 
turning  operations  are  required,  especially  where  close  tol- 
erances are  to  be  observed.  In  turning  cast  phenolics,  op- 
erating speed  will  be  governed  mainly  by  the  diameter  of  the 
work — mainly,  but  not  entirely,  because,  in  many  cases,  the 
nature  of  the  work  may  be  a  factor,  as  may  also  variations 
in  the  composition  of  the  material.  As  a  general  considera- 
tion, spindle  speeds  should  be  regulated  to  600  fpm.  There 
are  rarely  instances  where  the  operating  speed  need  be 
lower  than  450  rpm.  On  the  other  hand,  an  upper  limit 
of  6000  or  7000  rpm,  which  is  occasionally  recommended,  is 
not  practicable.  Operation  at  from  3000  to  3500  rpm  is 
generally  better  practice  because  there  is  far  less  chance  of 
feeding  too  rapidly.  It  is  true  that  6000  rpm  means  faster 
production,  but  only  in  the  hands  of  a  skilled  operator  to 
whom  proper  feed  at  any  speed  is  second  nature.  If,  how- 
ever, the  operator  is  not  highly  skilled  and  there  is  the 
chance  of  too  rapid  feed,  it  is  sensible  to  slow  down  the 
operating  speed,  since  continual  misfeed  will  mean  not  only 
frequent  injury  to  the  work  but  more  rapid  dulling  of  tools. 
While  the  effect  of  over-feed  on  the  tool  is  less  serious  in 
carbide-tipped  tools,  it  is  considerable  even  in  the  case  of 
high-speed  steel  tools. 

For  turning  cast  phenolics,  the  tool  edge  should  be  ground 
to  produce  a  shaving  rather  than  a  chipping  cut.  The  rake 
should  be  slightly  negative  or  zero.  Clearance  should  be 
from  16°  to  20°.  The  cutting  edge  should  be  set  1°  or  2° 
above  the  center  of  the  work.  And  the  tool  must  be  kept 
sharp — the  edge  honed  and  lapped. 

Although  blanking  may  occasionally  be  performed  on 
cast  phenolics  sections  under  3/16"  thickness,  it  is  not  a 
desirable  operation  generally  on  this  material  because:  (1) 
there  is  a  deep  pulling  in  or  channeling  of  the  blanked  edge; 
(2)  the  material  tends  to  rip,  even  at  proper  softness;  (3) 
the  relative  brittleness  of  cast  phenolics  gives  it  a  tendency 
to  chip  and  crack  at  the  edges. 

For  many  designs  there  is  a  practical  way  out  of  the 
necessity  for  blanking.  Rod  can  be  cast  in  a  cross-section 
that  supplies  the  desired  shape  and  then  the  rods  can  be 
sliced  at  the  desired  thickness.  Molds  that  supply  rods 
which,  cross-sectionally,  have  the  shape  of  stars,  little 
animals,  etc.,  are  in  prevalent  use. 

Drifting 

In  drilling  cast  phenolics,  the  spindle  speed  will  be 
governed  not  only  by  the  drill  diameter,  as  is  usual,  but  also 
by  the  relative  abrasive  quality  of  the  material.  A  cast 
phenolic  of  high  abrasive  character  may  well  require  a  drill 
speed  slower  by  as  much  as  a  third  than  the  speed  required 
by  a  phenolic  of  lesser  abrasiveness  for  the  same  size  of  hole. 
It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  cast  phenolics  of  all 
kinds  have  an  abrasive  composition  in  any  case  and  that 
this  will  affect  the  life  of  the  drill  cutting  edges. 

For  holes  up  to  3/16"  in  diameter,  drilling  may  be  done 
with  standard  high-speed  steel  drills,  with  a  negative  rake 
to  the  cutting  edges.  For  holes  J4"  'n  diameter  or  larger, 
the  flutes  should  be  wide  for  easy  chip  removal  and  for 
escape  of  accumulated  gases,  there  should  be  a  slight  radius 


98 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


w 

^MINTING   INKSj 


iVrf-* 


J^ 


A  NEW 


PIAMARY  SYSTEM 


BLAW-KNOX 


A  PACEMAKER  FOR  AMERICAN 
INITIATIVE   AND   INGENUITY 


•COMPANY 


2078  FARMER;  BANK  BLOC. 
PITTSBURGH.  PA. 


Fift   BUu'-Kntx   Plants  bait   kttn   awarjtj  tbt   Army-San   "£"  for   war-pnJtKtitn  txalltitct 


LEWIS  FOUNDRY  t  MACHINE  DIVISION, 

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Mechanisms 

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ment, Construction  Equipment,  Steel 
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Castings 


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REVOLVING  AROUND  THE  SOY  BEAN 

Blaw-Knox  offers  a  complete  service  to  the  chemical 
and  process  industries.  This  includes  everything  from 
building  pilot  plants  to  producing  equipment  for 
full-scale  production. 

For  the  soy  bean  industry— as  an  example— Blaw-Knox 
has  developed  improved  techniques  and  specially 
designed  equipment.  Blaw-Knox  experience  and  cre- 
ativeness,  its  engineering  background,  its  complete 
facilities,  are  the  basis  for  a  reasonable  assumption 
that  Blaw-Knox  can  be  of  value  to  you  if  your  busi- 
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One  way  for  you  to  find  out  how  and  to  what 
extent  Blaw-Knox  can  serve  you,  is  to  give  us  an 
opportunity  for  a  mutual  discussion.  Out  of  that 
may  come  some  important  results. 


to  the  lip  and  there  should  be  ample  clearance.  For  holes 
greater  in  diameter  than  J4",  it  is  more  practical  to  use  end 
mills. 

The  following  spindle  speeds  may  be  taken  as  a  basis  for 
gauging  drill  speeds  generally,  always  keeping  in  mind 
variations  in  the  composition  of  different  phenolic 
materials : 

1/64' hole 12,000  rpm 

1/8'     hoi* 5000  rpm 

1/2'     hole 1500  rpm 

Depth  of  hole  will  have  a  bearing  on  the  rate  of  feed. 
Rapidity  of  feed  must  necessarily  be  diminished  as  the  hole 
gets  deeper  and  withdrawal  of  the  drill  must  be  fairly  fre- 
quent to  clear  chips,  to  prevent  the  drill  from  overheating 
and  the  work  from  scorching  and  to  allow  gases  to  escape. 
The  frequency  of  drill  withdrawal  will  increase  with  both 
diameter  and  depth  of  hole. 

Boring,  Threading  and  Tapping 

For  volume  production  in  boring  the  end  of  round  work, 
the  self-clamping  split  chuck  on  a  small  button  turning  lathe 
provides  highly  efficient  operation.  The  chief  advantage 
here  is  the  fact  that,  with  the  foot-controlled  opening  and 
closing  of  the  split  sections  during  rotation,  the  work  can  be 
chucked  without  slowing  down  the  revolving  chuck. 

As  in  any  boring  operation,  the  spindle  speed  in  the  bor- 
ing of  phenolics  is  governed  both  by  the  nature  of  the  mate- 
rial and  by  the  diameter  of  the  hole.  As  a  general  rule,  for 
holes  up  to  J4",  a  safe  operating  speed  is  1750  rpm,  although 
this  may  rise  to  2500  rpm  on  bores  of  1/8"  and  up  to  10,000 
rpm  on  very  small  holes. 

On  the  whole,  the  use  of  chasing  tools  on  a  lathe  for 
volume  production  in  threading  and  tapping  operations  is 
a  far  less  desirable  procedure  than  processes  on  machines 
specifically  designed  for  these  operations,  such  as  the  thread 
milling  machine  and  the  tapping  machine.  These  are 
lathe-like  in  character,  it  is  true,  and,  in  principle,  are  a 
modification  of  the  lathe ;  but,  as  with  all  machines  designed 
for  a  specific  purpose,  they  outperform  the  conventional 
lathe.  Much  of  this  superiority  lies  in  ease  and  rapidity  of 
chucking,  with  the  split  chuck  coming  into  play  again  here. 

The  thread  milling  machine,  as  well  as  the  lathe  set  up 
for  thread  milling  operations,  is  generally  used  for  internal 
and  external  threading  of  large  diameter  work  and  for  very 
coarse  threads.  Since  in  this  set-up,  there  is  rotation  of 
both  work  and  tool,  there  are  two  operating  speeds  in- 
volved. The  work  will  normally  rotate  at  from  240  to  350 
rpm,  depending  largely  on  its  diameter.  The  spindle  speed 
of  the  milling  cutter  will  vary  with  the  diameter  and  the 
number  of  cutting  edges  of  this  tool,  but,  with  a  1"  cutter 
as  a  basis,  speed  can  be  standardized  at  around  8000  rpm. 


Even  in  final  polishing  on  a  dry  buif.  work  must  be   kept   in 
motion  to  prevent  scorching  at  any  one  point   on   the   surface 


For  the  threading  and  tapping  of  small  diameters  of  work, 
up  to  about  2",  the  tapping  machine  provides  efficient  pro- 
duction. Standard  dies  and  taps,  with  very  little  rake  and 
ample  clearance,  are  utilized.  If  this  machine  is  to  be  used 
for  work  diameters  above  2",  special  tooling  is  desirable 
and  the  tools  should  be  carbide-tipped  and  open-faced.  In 
any  case,  in  order  to  stand  up  against  the  abrasive  action  of 
cast  phenolics,  the  tools  for  production  runs  should  be  not 
milder  than  high-speed  steel.  The  automatic  reverse  of 
revolution  and  the  automatic  retraction  of  tool  from  work 
must  be  positive  if  a  lot  of  spoiled  work  is  to  be  avoided.  The 
spindle  speed  for  operations  with  standard  high-speed  steel 
dies  and  taps  in  providing  cast  phenolics  with  threads  of  the 
American  coarse  series  is  from  240  to  350  rpm,  depending 
on  the  dimensions  of  the  thread  and  the  diameter  of  the  rod 
on  which  the  tool  operates.  In  tapping,  operating  speed  can 
be  gauged  on  the  basis  of  40  fpm  for  .236"  taps  and  54  fpm 
for  .059"  taps. 

Whether  produced  on  a  thread  milling  machine  or  on  a 
tapping  machine,  it  is  advisable,  for  cast  phenolics,  that  the 
thread  be  of  coarse  pitch.  For  one  thing,  the  comparative 
brittleness  of  the  material  makes  fine  threads  difficult  to 
achieve.  For  another,  the  thermal  expansivity  of  cast  phe- 
nolics, as  of  many  other  plastics,  is  great  enough  to  make  it 
difficult  to  disengage  thread  from  tap  in  a  fine-threaded  fit 
when  the  part  is  in  use.  In  machining  threads  on  cast 
phenolics,  the  abrasive  quality  of  the  material  tends  to  alter 
the  dimensions  of  the  cutting  edges  of  the  tool, — even  more 
in  taps  and  dies  than  in  the  milling  cutter, — and  this  makes 
it  necessary  to  check  the  threads  on  phenolic  pieces  in  the 
course  of  production,  continually  employing  "go"  and  ''no 
go"  gauges. 

Milling 

It  might  be  pointed  out  in  connection  with  operations  in 
which  material  is  bitten  out  of  the  work  that,  in  principle 
and  in  operation  of  tool  on  material,  as  well  as  in  outcome 
of  the  operation,  there  is  no  essential  difference  between 
milling  and  shaping  or,  for  that  matter,  routing.  In  both 
types  of  operation,  the  work  is  fed  to  a  revolving  multiple- 
edged  tool  and  the  material  is  removed  in  a  series  of  small 
rapid  individual  bites  taken  by  a  sequence  of  individual 
cutting  edges.  The  chief  difference  between  the  two  op- 
erations is  that  the  shaper  or  its  counterpart,  the  beveling 
machine,  is  more  often  used  to  take  cuts  in  the  edges  of  a 
piece,  while  milling  is  usually  applied  to  the  surface  of  the 
work. 

The  great  variety  of  contours  and  other  characteristics 
of  cutter  tools  in  milling  operations — running  from  the 
simple  small  saw-like  cutter  to  combinations  of  spaced  and 
unspaced  cutters, — causes  operating  speeds  to  vary  widely. 
The  chief  governing  factors  are  diameter  of  cutter,  dimen- 
sions of  cutting  edge  and  number  of  cutting  edges.  A  basis 
for  gauging  spindle  speeds  in  milling  operations  may  be  set 
by  regulating  to  about  400  fpm  for  high-speed  steel  cutters 
and  about  1000  fpm  for  carbide-tipped  tools.  Taking  it 
from  another  angle,  a  different  basis  may  be  set  by  con- 
sidering 5000  to  6000  rpm  as  the  speed  for  a  high-speed 
steel  cutter  of  the  following  characteristics:  diameter — 1", 
undeviating  width  of  cutting  edge—  Y^",  total  number  of 
cutting  edges— 20.  The  speed  will  be  diminished  as  the 
diameter,  the  cutting  edge  width  or  the  number  of  cutting 
edges  is  increased. 

Spindle  Carving 

Spindle  carving,  which  produces  some  of  the  most  attrac- 
tive items  in  the  field  of  small  machined  plastics,  is  a  highly 
skilled  specialty.  It  is  done  free-hand,  the  work  being  fed  to 
the  tool  without  mechanical  support  or  guide.  The  operator 
follows  a  pattern  visually,  but  soon  memorizes  it.  Main- 
tenance of  tolerances,  naturally,  is  out  of  the  question,  but  on 

MARCH  1945 


From  the  laboratories  of  Hummel- 
Ross  come  "Pinko"  and  "Pink-O-Perf,"  papers 
which  are  proving  ideally  suited  to  plastic  impregnation 
and  plastic  laminates. 

"Pinko,"  available  in  5  degrees  of  absorbency  and  in 

calipers  from  .006  to  .050,  has  characteristics  that 
make  it  outstanding  for  plastic  lamination. 

Where  unusual  penetration  is  required,  or  where  every 
effort  must  be  made  to  prevent  delamination,  "Pink-O-Peri" 

is  the  answer.  This  perforated  sheet  can  be  fur- 
nished in  calipers  from  .006  to  .020  and  in  the 
same  five  degrees  of  absorbency. 


Sample^  revours  for  the  asking .-: 


Periodic  visual  inspection  is  made  during  tumbling 

the  other  hand,  the  degree  of  design  flexibility  is  great. 

The  tool,  operating  on  a  horizontal  spindle,  is  usually  a 
sharp-toothed  cutter  about  1"  to  l'/2"  in  diameter,  with 
from  20  to  30  teeth.  For  cast  phenolics,  the  spindle  speed  of 
a  1"  cutter  with  20  teeth  will  be  about  7000  rpm.  This  speed 
will  grade  downward  as  diameter  of  the  cutter  increases 
or  the  number  of  teeth  increases,  or  both. 

Grinding 

A  considerable  number  of  operations  normally  associated 
with  milling  can  be  more  efficiently  performed  on  grinding 
wheels  dressed  to  give  the  required  contour  of  cut,  provided 
the  proper  grit  is  chosen.  This  is  aside  from  the  normal 
usefulness  of  the  grinder  for  producing  radii,  bevels  and 
the  like.  For  general  work  on  cast  phenolics,  80  grit  is  the 
most  practical,  with  100  grit  for  lighter  finer  work.  Operat- 
ing speeds  range  between  1000  and  3000  rpm.  depending 
upon :  surface  area  of  the  stone  in  contact  with  the  material, 
distance  of  the  operating  point  on  the  face  of  the  stone 
from  the  stone's  center  (since  there  is  more  rapid  action 
near  the  perimeter  than  near  the  center),  and  diameter  of 
the  stone  if  the  work  is  fed  against  the  stone's  edge.  The 
stone  must  be  continually  wetted  both  to  prevent  filling  be- 
tween the  grit  particles  and  scorching  of  the  work. 

Grinding  as  a  part  of  finishing  operations  is  usually  not 
necessary  on  a  well-machined  job.  It  is  more  important  for 
finishing  purposes  on  molded  jobs,  for  the  removal  of  flash, 
etc.,  than  it  is  in  a  fabricating  plant  where  the  work  is 
machined  throughout. 

FORM  GRINDING: — One  of  the  most  useful  machines  in  the 
fabrication  of  cast  phenolics,  as  of  many  other  plastics,  and 
one  whose  versatility  is  likely  to  bring  it  into  wider  adoption, 
is  the  abrasive  forming  machine  or,  as  it  might  be  termed, 
the  form  grinder.  Many  of  the  operations  hitherto  per- 
formed QJI  other  machines  are  more  rapidly  and  efficiently 
accomplished  on  this  grinder.  The  beading  of  rod  stock 
at  several  points  along  the  rod  length  is  an  example.  This 
used  to  be  a  turning  job,  with  the  turning  tool  changing  po- 
sition for  each  bead.  Shaped  handles  for  screw-drivers, 
files,  etc.,  are  another  instance.  When  these  are  turned  on 
the  lathe,  the  turning  tool  is  a  knife-like  tool  ground  to 
shape.  It  has  short  life,  especially  on  phenolics.  Chucking 
of  the  work  is  time-consuming.  The  form  grinder  presents 
a  much  simpler  feeding  problem.  This  machine  is  par- 
ticularly valuable  in  the  production  of  spheres,  for  the  ball 
that  results  has  no  flash  that  requires  removal  by  a  subse- 
quent operation.  Tolerances  as  close  as  ±.002"  can  easily 
be  maintained,  with  a  sphericity  of  .003". 

Perhaps  the  reason  form  grinding  is  not  as  widely  used 
in  plastics  fabrication  as  its  usefulness  would  warrant  is  be- 
cause the  dressing  of  the  forming  stone  is  a  highly  skilled 
job.  These  diamond  dressed  stones  must  have  the  surfaces 
accurately  dimensioned  and  dressing  must  be  slow  and 


careful.  Overcutting  a  dimension  in  the  dressing  process  can 
develop  into  an  expensive  proposition.  And  careless  dress- 
ing means  tool-making  time-labor  lost. 

The  operating  parts  of  the  form  grinder  are  the  abrasive 
form  wheel  and  the  abrasive  feed  wheel.  The  former  is 
considerably  the  larger  of  the  two,  the  usual  ratio  being 
about  3:1.  The  form  wheel  is  the  unit  that  is  dressed  to 
provide  the  required  contour  and  that  does  the  actual  grind- 
ing. It  may  be  dressed  to  produce  a  contour  on  a  single 
rod  or  to  produce  contoured  pieces  in  multiple  from  a  single 
rod.  The  wheels,  which  are  roller-like  in  form  rather  than 
wheel-like,  are  parallel  to  each  other  and  revolve  toward 
each  other,  with  the  form  wheel  operating  about  50  times 
as  fast  as  the  feed  wheel.  The  form  wheel  revolves  on  a 
stationary  axis,  while  the  feed  wheel  revolves  on  an  axis 
that  is  advanced  toward  the  form  wheel. 

The  work  may  be  hand  fed  by  being  placed  on  a  narrow 
work  rest  between  the  two  wheels,  but  full  advantage  of  the 
capabilities  of  the  machine  is  best  taken  by  automatic  feed 
from  a  hopper.  In  automatic  feed,  the  jaws  of  the  machine 
open  only  sufficiently  for  the  completed  work  to  drop  into 
a  bin  while  a  new  rod  drops  into  place  between  the  wheels. 
As  the  jaws  close  over  the  whole  operation,  the  feed  wheel 
advances  to  close  the  work  against  the  form  wheel.  At  the 
end  of  the  operation,  the  stop-point  of  which  is  controlled 
by  an  open  cam,  the  feed  wheel  recedes  automatically.  A 
constant  flood  of  water  is  directed  at  work  and  stones.  The 
temperature  of  the  water  should  be  controlled  to  act  as  a 
coolant  and  the  water  pressure  should  be  constant,  for, 
otherwise,  the  form  wheel  will  chip,  with  costly  diamond 
redressing  as  the  result. 

Form  grinding  wheels  vary  in  length  from  4"  to  12". 
The  greater  lengths  are  generally  the  more  efficient,  since 
they  allow  of  greater  production  per  unit  of  stock  fed,  es- 
pecially on  multiple  or  duplicated  small  parts.  The  diameter 
of  the  wheels  ordinarily  runs  from  2"  to  8",  depending  al- 
most entirely  on  the  cross-sectional  dimensions  of  the  con- 
tour required.  Operating  speeds  on  the  form  grinder  vary 
with  diameter  of  the  wheel,  with  the  extent  of  axial  length 
that  operates  on  the  work  and  with  the  amount  of  grinding 
surface  area  in  contact  with  the  material.  Since  these 
factors  present  considerable  variation,  the  setting  of  exact 
speeds,  except  in  the  case  of  the  rare  knack  that  comes  with 
long  experience,  must  be  by  test  on  a  sample  of  the  actual 
work.  The  range  of  speed  variation  is  not  great,  however, 
so  that  a  workable  standard  can  be  set.  This  is :  feed  wheel 
— 85  rpm,  form  wheel — 4000  rpm. 

A-  reasonably  accurate  gauge  of  what  production  to  ex- 
pect of  the  form  grinder  may  be  had  by  considering  the 
yield  of  cast  phenolic  balls  from  a  form  wheel  7"  long. 
Using  y2"  diameter  rod  as  a  basis,  the  yield  will  be  12  balls 
per  grinding  cycle,  with  a  speed  of  5  cycles  a  minute  or  a 
production  of  about  60  half-inch  balls  a  minute. 

Cyclic  frequency  as  a  function  of  ball  diameter  on  a  7" 
form  wheel  is  shown  for  a  number  of  standard  diameters  in 
the  following  table : 


Diameter  of  Ball    (in.) 

Cycles  per  Minute 
8.2 

I/ 

5.0 

y 

39 

r/ 

3.3 

y 

2.8 

1 

2.0 

l'/8   • 

1.8 

|l/' 

1.5 

Sanding  and  finishing 

Sanding  in   the   finishing  of  machined  phenolic  pieces 
may  usually  be  dispensed  with  if  the  work  has  been  properly 
machined.    However,  sanding,  like  grinding,  is  useful  as  a 
(Continued  on  page  352) 


102 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


INDUSTRIAL 
HIGH  FREQUENCY   DIELECTRIC   HEATING   EQUIPMENT 


Thermex,  developed  by  Girdler,  was  the  first  practical  industrial 
high  frequency  dielectric  heating  equipment  produced.  First  in  ex- 
perience, Girdler  engineers  have  been  able  not  only  to  perfect  a 
complete  line  of  standard  high  frequency  units  for  every  dielectric 
heating  purpose,  but  also  to  incorporate  within  that  line  special- 
ized groups  of  models  for  specific  industries.  These  Thermex  Red 
Heads  have  been  designed  exclusively  for  plastics.  They  embody 
advantages  which  cannot  be  included  in  units  designed  for  general 
use.  They  are  backed  up  by  unexcelled  engineering  and  laboratory 
facilities  in  plastics  heating  which  are  at  your  service  before,  during, 
and  after  installation. 


A  THERMEX   FIRSTi   Completely  self-contained, 
automatic  operation.    Operator  puts  material 
in  drawer.    High  frequency  energy  automati- 
cally goes  on  when  drawer  is  closed,  stops  when  required  temperature  is 
reached.   No  manual  tuning,  not  even  a  starter  button  to  push.   Material  is 
properly  heated  —  uniformly,  throughout  its  mass— in  seconds.    Molding 
time  cycles  are  usually  cut  in  half.    Flaws  and  rejects  are  sharply  reduced. 


ANOTHER  THERMEX  FIRST:  A  new.  com- 
pact unit,  only  1)  inches  wide,  23 
inches  high,  and  29  inches  deep, 
which  will  lit  in  with  the  most  com- 
pact existing  arrangement  of  press 
equipment.  Will  serve  the  majority 
of  press  operations,  one  to  each  pair 
of  presses  alternately.  Makes  high 
frequency  heating  practical  for  large 
scale,  production-line  operation. 
Completely  self-contained.  Offers  all 
of  the  advantages  which  distinguish 
larger  models. 


MODEl 

X8/5 


SPECIFICATIONS 

MODEL  XS75 

400  watt  rated  output.  Will  raise  Vi  pound 
of  average  material  170°  in  one  minute. 

MODEL   18X0 

7  50  watt  rated  output.  Will  raised  pound 
of  average  material  170°  in  one  minute. 

MODEL  2SXO 

1500  watt  rated  output.  Will  raise  l'i 
pounds  of  average  material  1 70°  in  one 
minute. 

MODEL   IIXO 

4.5  K.W.  rated  output.  Will  raise  4 
pounds  of  average  material  170°  in  one 
minute. 

MODEL   1SIX 

8  K.W.  rated  output.  Will  raise  7  pounds 
of  average  material  170°  in  one  minute. 

MAIL  THE  COUPON   KLOW  FOR  FULL 

INFORMATION  AIOUT  THE  COMPUTE  UNI  OF 

THERMEX  RED  HEADS 


THE  GIRDLER  CORPORATION 
Thermex  Division,  Dept.  PM-3 
Louisville  1,  Ky. 

Please  send  complete  data  about  Thermex 
Red  Heads. 


Nami 

Firm  N*mt. 


AdJrtst. 


DEVELOPED    BY    GIRDLER    ESPECIALLY    FOR    PLASTICS 


\i  \nrii 


103 


PHOTOGRAPHY  LOOKS  AHEAD 


Plastics  Promise  to  Reduce  Costs 
And  Improve  Overall  Performance 


Plastics  have  come 
a  long  way  in  pho- 
tography since  their 
application  first  as 
cellulose  nitrate, 
then  as  acetate,  film 


BX  Plastics,  Ltd..  London,   developed  this  In- 
jection-molded  film   case   of   cellulose   acetate 


NEXT  to  the  electrical  industry,  photography  was 
among  the  earliest  to  employ  plastics.  The  principal 
reason  for  this  was  the  difficulty  in  adapting  metals  and 
other  materials  to  the  peculiar  requirements  of  the  photo- 
graphic industry — the  need  for  light  weight  to  permit  easy 
portability;  and  the  importance  of  non-corrosive  character- 
istics and  colorability.  Early  cameras,  made  of  sheet  steel, 
zinc  or  even  aluminum,  proved  comparatively  heavy,  and 
rapidly  showed  signs  of  wear,  break-down  and  rust.  To  a 
large  extent,  the  growth  of  photography  as  an  industry  was 
expedited  by  the  availability  of  suitable  plastics. 

Perhaps  the  most  singular  development  leading  to  the 
adoption  of  molded  plastics  by  the  industry  was  C.  L.  Drew's 
design  for  an  all-plastics  movie  development  tank  and  reel, 
which  eliminated  the  danger  of  chemical  fog — a  major  head- 
ache. This  design  specified  specially- formulated  phenolic 
molding  resin  to  resist  chemical  reaction  between  the  mate- 
rial and  the  developing  solution. 

The  great  surge  to  conversion  grew  with  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  molded  plastics  miniature  camera  in  1933.  Sales 
boomed,  due  chiefly  to  one  factor — price;  the  camera  re- 
tailed for  50c ! 

This  camera,  developed  by  Norton  Laboratories,  Inc., 
measured  3"  high  and  could  shoot  six  frames  on  vest-pocket 
film. 


Eastman,  which  lost  no  time  in  following  suit,  had  Walter 
Teague  design  a  molded  plastics  camera  selling  for  $1. 
Later  the  camera  was  improved  and  called  the  Jiffy  Kodak 
V.  P.  The  case  was  molded  in  two  halves,  which  were  locked 
by  a  metal  spring.  The  camera  was  made  lightproof  by 
tongues  and  grooves  at  the  points  of  contact.  The  public 
eagerly  accepted  the  camera,  and  other  manufacturers  swift- 
ly jumped  on  the  bandwagon. 

Leica  in  1937,  designed  the  Umino  projector,  using  plas- 
tics extensively.  Considerable  research  proved  to  Leica 
that  metals  (die  stampings  and  castings)  require  many  as- 
sembling and  finishing  operations.  These  operations  would 
raise  the  unit  price,  and  consequently,  the  retail  price — 
which  they  sought  to  avoid.  In  addition,  metal  parts  would 
increase  weight  considerably  and  permit  unnecessarily  high 
heat  transference  from  the  100-w  lamp.  Plastics  would  elim- 
inate trimming,  punching,  drilling  and  finishing  operations 
in  one  step ;  therefore  offering  the  lowest  unit  cost  figure.  In 
the  Leica  projector  two  types  of  plastics  were  employed — 
one  with  high  heat  resistance  for  the  housing  of  the  lamp, 
one  with  high  impact  strength  for  the  base — both  "Durez." 

The  year  1937  also  saw  the  emergence  of  the  plastics  still- 
film  developing  tank,  produced  by  Herman  Casler.  In  fab- 
ricating this  tank  a  plastics  was  selected  which  was  not  af- 
fected by  the  developing  solutions,  fixes  and  washes,  and 


104 


PLAST1 CS 


MARCH  1945 


Within  recent  yean  a  broad  variety  of  photographic  items,  such  as  these,  have  been  produced  from  special-purpose  phenolics 


This  phenolic  holder  permits  developing  rolls  without  cutting 


which  would  make  the  article  a  veritable  darkroom  in  itself. 

•  Recently  the  Albert  Specialty  Co.  developed  an  agitating 
tank  along  similar  lines.     The  tank  and  agitator  housing 
are  made  of  Owe*. 

Exposure  meters  today  are   incased   in  Dures  plastics 
which  has  been  found  ideal.    The  Weston  Phototron  is  an 
outstanding  example.    The  housing  must  be  lightproof  and 
j  snug-fitting  to  be  of  value. 

In  addition  to  the  arguments  for  plastics  materials  al- 

•  ready  presented,  it  should  be  pointed  out  that  their  brilliant 
color  is  deep,  that  a  variety  of  colors  is  possible,  that  their 

>  less  due  to  multiplicity  of  production,  and  that  there 
is  no  necessity  for  additional  finishing  operations  (very  im- 
portant ) . 

Aggressive  manufacturing  concerns  in  the  photography 
field  have  fully  realized  these  important  points  and  are  re- 
placing metals,  as  far  as  possible,  with  plastics.  Before 
converting  from  a  metal  to  a  plastics,  however,  it  is  impor- 
tant that  the  proper  material  be  chosen  to  insure  satisfac- 
tory results. 

Cameras,  whether  used  for  "still"  or  "movie"  work,  are 
made  of  phenolics,  cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  acetate  buty- 
rate,  and  a  few  of  polystyrene.  Phenolic  molding  resins 
have  been  in  use  for  many  years,  incorporating  fillers  of 
wood  flour,  fabric,  or  paper  to  improve  molding  properties, 
toughness,  strength,  heat  resistance,  and  to  lower  costs. 

In  general,  when  considering  the  use  of  phenolic  plastics 
in  photography,  the  following  qualities  are  paramount : 

Good  impact  ttrength 

Shrinkage — more   predictable 

Cold  flow — non» 

Very  moldable 

Molding  shrinkage — .004— .009"  per  inch 


Smooth  design  is  exemplified  in  this  "Durez"  camera  case 

These  desirable  properties  account  for  the  prevalence  of 
the  phenolics.  As  regards  dimensional  stability,  polystyrene 
is  the  only  plastic  which  can  compete  with  the  phenolics. 
Where  humid  conditions  exist  and  luster  and  strength  are 
important,  there  is  generally  a  phenolic  which  can  meet  the 
test. 

The  accompanying  tables  present  a  handy  comparison  of 
the  plastics  under  discussion.  Notice  how  the  heat  resist- 
ance and  water  absorption  of  phenolics  compare  with  other 
plastics,  particularly  cellulose  acetate.  In  general,  the  phe- 
nolics are  used  for  cameras  because  of  low  water  absorption, 
color  retention,  high  impact  values,  hard  (long-wearing) 
surfaces,  and  adaptability  to  mass  production.  In  addition, 
intricate  insert  jobs  are  easily  handled  in  conjunction  with 
phenolics. 

The   Acetates 

Cellulose  acetate  and  aceto-butyrate  are  also  finding  favor, 
possessing  desirable  properties  of  toughness,  resiliency  and 
shock  resistance.  Since  it  possesses  toughness,  cellulose 
acetate  can  be  used  to  mold  special  thin  sections  and  less 
costly  cameras,  where  other  plastics  would  fail.  The  mate- 
rial is  easily  workable  (using  the  same  machining  meth- 
ods as  are  used  for  brass),  and  can  be  readily  cemented:  in 
multiphase  operations  this  is  an  advantage.  All  sorts  of 
colors  are  available,  and  mottles  and  variegated  designs  are 
possible.  The  color  retention  or  resistance  to  sunlight  is 
high.  However,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  material 


softens  at  140°  F. ;  therefore  parts  fabricated  of  cellulose 
acetates  are  limited  to  that  extent  in  their  application.  In 
addition,  they  are  dissolved  by  ketones,  esters  and  ethers, 
are  decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  strong  alkalies. 

When  cellulose  acetates  are  placed  in  juxtaposition  with 
cellulose  nitrates,  the  acetate  plasticizers  act  as  solvents 
upon  the  nitrates,  causing  stickiness.  The  acetates  are  not 
impervious  to  high  relative  humidities  or  water,  which 
causes  an  increase  in  dimensions  that  produces  distortion. 
The  average  water  absorption  (24  hr)  is  1.9%.  The  table 
properties  shows  that  the  acetates  are  noteworthy  for  color 
range,  molclability  and  impact,  but  very  poor  in  water  (mois- 
ture) resistance  and  dimensional  stability.  Mold  shrinkage 
of  the  acetates  is  .002-.010"  per  inch.  Dimensional  changes 
are  greatest  with  cellulose  materials. 

Another  point  of  consideration  is  that  highly  plasticized 
materials  such  as  the  acetates  (as  well  as  the  vinyls)  surfer 
greatly  when  aged,  because  the  plasticizers  are  volatile.  The 
result  is  that  the  end  product  is  brittle.  Cellulose  acetate 
products  which  were  exposed  \l/2  years  outdoors  (in  the 
Midwest)  averaged  a  2-3%  shrinkage,  while  the  increase 
in  hazing  was  from  5  to  12%. 

Knobs,  sprockets  and  spools  on  a  camera  are  made  of 
either  molded  phenolics  or  cellulose  acetate,  the  latter  being 
adequate  for  such  applications.  Dials  are  generally  of  cast 
phenolic,  since  dimensional  changes  may  be  important. 

Projector  cases,  usually  being  large,  are  fabricated  of 
various  plastics  materials  to  make  them  easier  to  handle. 
Some  are  manufactured  of  plywood  covered  with  synthetic 
rubber  or  artificial  leather.  Others  are  made  of  laminated 
plastics  (low  pressure  formed).  Important  items  in  the 
projector  itself  are  gears,  which  are  now  being  made  of 
laminated  cloth,  replacing  noisy  metallic  ones.  Another  im- 
portant consideration  is  that  the  elasticity  of  the  gear  stock 
helps  to  overcome  slight  errors  in  cutting;  the  stock  com- 
presses and  assures  clean  contact  over  the  area  of  tooth 
pressure.  The  greater  wearing  surfaces  lengthen  the  life 
of  the  gears.  Grommets,  pick-up  arm  panels,  and  slides  for 
projectors  are  made  of  laminates.  Alkyd  resins  are  used 
for  producing  excellent  finishes  wherever  necessary.  For 
insulating  electrical  leads  and  motors,  the  vinyl  copolymer 
and  the  silicones  (see  January  PLASTICS)  are  best.  Vinyl 
copolymer  absorbs  only  .07-.08%  water  in  24  hrs,  and  is 
therefore  highly  valued  for  insulation.  The  resin  also  re- 
sists concentrated  chemicals,  but  not  organic  acids;  resists 


"Durez"  can  be  em- 
ployed to  mold  entire 
sections  of  large-size 
cameras,  as  illus- 
trated by  the  type 
shown  here,  com- 
posed of  three  parts 


When  a  B-17  St 


yward 


As  America'j  mighty  bombers  rite  (lowly,  surety 
into  the  sky  on  their  missions  of  destruction,  every 
part  of  their  elevating  mechanisms  must  function 
perfectly,  without  possibility  of  failure. 

Typical  of  precision  parts  in  the  B-17's  flying  gear 
is  this  elevator  tab  control  wheel,  cast  on  the 
12-ounce  Lester  by  the  Plastic  Tool  and  Die  Corp. 
of  Los  Angeles.  Made  of  Tenite  II  in  H2  flow,  it 
combines  light  weight  with  structural  strength; 
note  thin-walled,  ribbed  main  section  and  metal 
insert  at  hub.  It  is  10  inches  in  diameter,  weighs 
10  ounces,  and  is  molded  on  a  45-second  cycle. 

This  is  not  an  easy  casting  to  make.  To  quote  the 
manufacturer:  "The  area  is  large  and  it  requires 
considerable  pressure,  such  as  is  generated  by 
the  Lester,  in  order  to  fill  the  extreme  edges; 
including  the  serrations." 

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The  application  of  phenolics  to  difficult  shapes  is  illustrated  by  the  entire  case  of  the  Argusflex 
camera.  Note  the  direct  view  finder  at  the  right  of  the  unit.  The  Weston  photoelectric  cell  shown 
also  made  of  plastics,  is  employed  on  light  meters.  Cellulose  acetate  is  used  for  the  two  film  spools 


alcohols,  but  not  ketones,  aldehydes,  esters  or  ethers.  Vinyl 
copolymer  is  not  readily  attacked  by  oils  and  waxes. 

The  newest  projectors  will  feature  lenses  made  of  molded 
methyl  methacrylate.  Research  has  shown  that  lenses  can 
be  molded  easily  from  this  material,  which  possesses  ex- 
traordinary clarity  and  comparatively  low  water  absorption 
(0.4%  in  24  hr,  0.5%  in  48  hr).  Light  transmission  aver- 
ages 91. 5%. 

Tripod  heads  must  be  able  to  withstand  shock  and  impact 
and  are,  therefore,  being  made  of  shock-resistant  phenolics. 
Film  lens  holders  are  molded  of  cellulose  acetate. 

Movie  film,  both  amateur  and  professional,  is  processed 
from  slow-burning  cellulose  acetate.  Some  commercial  film 
is  made  from  cellulose  nitrate,  but  it  is  too  inflammable  for 
wide  usage. 

Accessories  are  the  next  consideration.  Exposure  meters 
are  molded  of  special  phenolics.  Light  filters  for  the  dark- 
room made  of  methyl  methacrylate  are  popular  now.  Flash 
synchronizers  utilize  laminated  phenol  furfurals.  Focusing 
devices  are  molded  of  phenolic  compound.  Fluorescent 
powders  made  from  cellulose  acetate  have  been  announced. 

Developing  Equipment 

Last,  but  not  least,  to  consider  is  developing  equipment. 
Developing  tanks  should  be  made  of  heat  resistant  phenolics 
since  some  developing  solutions  are  quite  warm.  Trays, 
consequently,  are  fabricated  of  the  same  material.  The  new- 
est and  best  ware  of  their  kind  are  graduates  and  funnels 
molded  of  polystyrene,  for  which  applications  this  plastics 
material  is  excellent.  ]t  has  a  shrinkage  of  .004-.005"  per 
inch,  is  unaffected  by  photographic  chemicals  and  by  non- 
Average  Shrinkage  Properties  (In  per  In) 

Phenolic— wood  flour  filler 0.006-.OIO 

Phenolic— fabric  filler 0.003-.007 

Phenolic— asbestos  filler 0.002-.006 

Urea    0.006-.OIO 

Cellulose  acetate 0.002-.OIO 

Plystyrene   O.OOI-.003 

Methyl  methacrylate 0.002 -.006 

Comparative  Heat  Resistance  of  Plastics 

(Best  to  Poorest) 
Material  Rating 

Heat-resistant  phenolics I 

General-purpose   phenolics    2 

Shock-resistant  phenolics   3 

Transparent  phenolics  4 

Cellulose  acetate-butyrate  5 

Cellulose  acetate 6 

Polystyrene    7 

Urea    8 


Comparative  Densities 


Material 


Aluminum    

Laminated    phenolic 

Brass    

Bronze    

Duralumin    

Vulcanized  fibre  .  .  . 
Steel  . . 


Weight 
(Ib/in3) 


.  .0.0965 

.  .0.050 

.0.375 

.  .0.3415 

.  .0.1010 

0.050 

0.2833 


oxidizing  acids,  and  is  only  slightly  discolored  by  oxidizing 
acids.  Alkalies  have  no  effect. 

Interval  timer  cases  use  shock-resistant  phenolics,  the 
knobs  being  molded  of  cellulose  acetate  butyrate,  and  the 
face  of  methyl  methacrylate.  The  gears,  of  course,  are  ma- 
chined from  laminated  stock,  and  the  insulation  is  composed 
of  vinyl  copolymer. 

Tongs  have  been  made  of  molded  phenolic  or  cellulose 
acetate.  Paper  cutters  and  trimming  boards  are  being  made 
from  molded  and  shock  resistant  phenolics. 

Some  new  developments  include  a  film-viewer  of  cellulose 
acetate,  and  funnels  and  graduates  of  cellulose  acetates. 
They  are  injection  molded  in  multiple  cavity  dies. 

Vinyl  resins  have  played  an  important  part  in  photo- 
lithography fixing  sprays. 

Photolithography  is  the  method  whereby  plans  and  maps 
are  reproduced  in  any  size  by  stone  or  zinc-plate  printing. 
A  photo-negative  of  proper  size  is  taken  from  the  map  to 
be  copied ;  this  is  exposed  to  light  over  a  thin  film  of  gela- 
tin dichromatized  on  heavy  paper.  The  unreacted  dichro- 
mate  is  washed  free  with  water,  stretched  on  glass  and  inked 
slowly  with  a  roller.  The  areas  which  have  been  reacted 
upon  and  made  insoluble  by  light,  and  which  remain  dry 
during  the  washing  process,  have  an  affinity  for  the  ink. 
The  soluble  areas  remain  free  of  ink. 

At  present,  vinyl  resins  are  being  used  in  fixing  sprays 
for  the  plates,  which  do  the  subsequent  printing;  formerly 
gum-arabic  was  widely  used,  but  much  reprocessing  was 
required.  Vinyl  resins  have  increased  production,  in  some 
instances  by  30%  as  a  result  of  the  elimination  of  processing. 

future  Possibilities 

Having  considered,  to  this  point,  past  and  present  appli- 
cations of  plastics  in  photography,  it  would  be  wise  to  try 
to  anticipate  the  future  applications.  The  urea  plastics  cer- 
tainly will  make  a  strong  bid  in  the  post-war  period.  They 
have  exceptional  fine  color  stability,  resisting  ultra-violet 
light  well.  The  depth  of  luster  certainly  yields  a  rich  and  dis- 
tinctive appearance.  Ureas  are  admirable  from  the  point 


108 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Comparative  Properties  of  Plastics* 

Impact      TtniiU        H,O      DlmantlonalColor      Color    Mold. 
Strength   Strangrh  Ratlitanca    Stability    lUngt  Stability  ability 


Phenolic   1-1     3  3. 

...1-2  3    . 

4 

1 

Urea  

1     4.. 

.4... 

2 

4  5.. 

....4...     .     1     . 

.2  .. 

.   ..2 

Acrylic    

3  3 

3  1.... 

...2...       .  2 

.  3 

3 

Cold  mold 

..4    .     ...4.. 

....2  5  

5.... 

...  3 

•Kay:  1—  Eic.ll.nt,  2—  Good,  i—  Fair.  4- 

-Poor.  5  —  Vary  poor. 

of  view  of  product  styling.  Mold  shrinkage  is  .006-.008" 
per  inch.  They  resist  greases,  organic  solvents  and  oils. 
Potential  applications  include  molded  camera  cases.  Prop- 
erly molded,  urea  plastic  parts  are  not  affected  by  water, 
but  if  improperly  molded,  such  parts  will  swell  and  check, 
and  prolonged  exposure  to  water  will  cause  cracking. 

Polystyrene  should  find  many  new  applications,  quite  pos- 
sibly as  lenses,  camera  windows  and  developing  room  ac- 
cessories. It  possesses  excellent  chemical  and  water  resist- 
ance, dimensional  stability,  and  inertness.  Its  index  of  re- 
fraction is  very  high.  The  greatest  advantage  of  poly- 
styrene, however,  is  light  weight,  since  it  has  a  specific 
gravity  of  1.07.  It  is  water  clear,  and  all  ranges  of  colors 
are  possible. 

Vinylidene  chloride  will  be  used  more  extensively,  since  it 
possesses  many  fine  qualities.  The  mold  shrinkage  (injec- 
tion) is  .08-.  12"  per  inch ;  water  absorption,  0.1%  in  48  hrs ; 
it  possesses  chemical  and  weather  resistance,  ages  well. 
Finally,  the  tensile  strength  is  exceptional. 

Polyethylene  (see  September  PLASTICS)  will  doubtless 
be  used  for  wire  coverings,  mats,  and  caps  for  exposed 
lenses. 

Itaconic  acid,  a  new  development  from  mold  fermentation, 
yields  a  glass-like  substance.  When  mixed  with  urea-for- 
maldehyde condensation  products,  a  plastics  substance  is  ob- 
tained which  may  find  use  in  manufacturing  films  and  vari- 
ous molded  articles.  It  retains  color  very  well,  and  has  low 
water  absorption.  The  exact  chemical  structure  is  not  known 
at  present. 


The  use  of  black  phenolics  made  possible  this  compact 
roll  film  developing  tank  and  agitator,  shown  assembled 
and  disassembled.  All  parts  oi  the  tank,  and  the  hous- 
ing oi  the  agitator  are  oi  this  material.  Portable  and 
light-proof,  the  device  has  solved  a  long-standing  problem 

\1  \l?i   ii 


Halation 

One  phenomenon  which  causes  considerable  anxiety 
among  designers  and  molders  in  the  photography  field  is 
halation,  the  halo  or  spreading  of  light  by  shiny  surfaces 
inside  cameras.  Designers  have  sought  to  overcome  this 
by  specifying  a  die  etch  (for  the  inside  of  the  case)  con- 
sisting of  a  saturated  solution  of  iron  chloride  in  1 :1  hydro- 
chloric and  nitric  acid  (the  acids  in  equal  proportions). 
The  time  interval  must  be  pre-determined. 

Molders  sometimes  overcome  halation,  especially  when 
the  acid  etch  method  has  been  overlooked,  by  dipping  the 
product  in  a  50%  (by  weight)  solution  of  sulfuric  acid  for 
1-10  min,  depending  on  the  amount  of  dulling  required. 
These  methods  are  applicable  chiefly  on  the  cellulosics.  For 
phenolics,  using  a  plastics  containing  flock  is  the  best  solu- 
tion. Sometimes  end-product  users  employ  a  dead  black 
lacquer,  or  sand-blast  the  inside  of  the  case  lightly.  Colors 
— preferably  green  and  black — are  also  of  value  in  pre- 
venting halation.  END 


Physical  Properties  of  Molding  Plastics 


Specific 
Sravity 

Heat  Resistance 
CF) 

H,O  Absorption 
(%.48hr) 

.3  -  .8 

280-400     . 

0.05  -1.0 

Urea 

5  -    8 

160-200 

0.5    -1.0 

4  -    5 

140-180 

21     -69 

2  -    3 

140-235 

0.2    -0.5 

Vinyl    

.35-  .4   .  . 
05-    IB 

300-350... 
150-190.  .  . 

O.I     -0.5 
0.001-  .005 

109 


TOUGH    DIE>ROBLEMS? 


Depth 


This  Tin.  deep  cavity  shows  a  little  o: 

what  Midland  can  <\»  when  your  job 

calls  for  depth. 


Angles 


THEM     BY 


HAS  SOLVED 
THE     SCORE 


You  think  it  can't  be  done?  Then  you  have  not  brought  your  prob- 
lem to  Midland.  Intensive  research  and  years  of  service  to  the 
plastics  and  die  casting  industries  have  given  Midland  exception- 
allv  broad  knowledge  and  skill,  not  only  in  the  production  of 
bobbed  cavities,  but  in  the  design  and  molding  of  parts.  We  have 


found  the  answers  to  many  tough  die  problems  —  answers  that  have 
made  difficult  jobs  look  easy  —  answers  that  have  put  job  after 
job  into  efficient  production. 

Add  to  this  knowledge  and  skill,  Midland's  equipment  —  such  as  a 
battery  of  bobbing  presses  from  150  tons  to  3,000  tons  capacity  — 
the  finest  obtainable.  Here  is  a  combination  which  assures  preci- 
sion and  detail  of  design  that  are  almost 
unbelievable.  Then  remember,  too,  that 
Midland    is  centrally  located  —  another 
factor  that   helps  give  you  the  kind  of 
service  you  like  —  the  kind  of  service  that 
keeps  your  production  flowing,  on  lime! 


Midland   has  mastered   the  art   of  the 

flow  of  metal.  Result?  Perfect  lines  and 

figures  on  45-degree  surfaces. 


Variety  of  Operations 

These  Midland  molds  have  everything.  They  test  the  skill 
of  master  craftsmen. 


110 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Hand  Engraving 

An  example  of  fine  delailg  in  a  bobbed  cavity 

that  can  be  produced  from  beautifully  hand 

engraved  hobs. 


Precision  Machine  Molds 

Is  vour  problem  anything  like  this?  Yes, 

Midland  will  make  molds  to  your 

blueprints. 


The  above  telephone  base  cavity  measures  7"  wide 
by  10"  long,  but  Midland  equipment  and  skill  make 
use  of  still  larger  blocks-up  to  •>%"  x  I  1 1/s". 


Midland  ha*  prepared  an 
extremely  interexling  book, 
"Shaping  Tomorrow  I  <>• 
iln \ ."  A  copy  i*  ready  for 
you.  Write  for  it  today! 


DLA 


DIE    A 


GRAVI 


CO. 


18    WIST    BERENICE    AVENUE 
CHICAGO     13.      •      ILLINOIS 


MARCH  194r, 


!•  I     I  \  I   I  I    •* 


111 


Types  of  pulp  containers  which  can  be  impregnated  with 
iurfural  resin  in  order  to  provide  a  high  degree  of  water- 
pioofness,  durable  surface  finish  and  high  strength 


Low-Viscosity  Resins 
Broaden  Plastics  Applications 

V  (/°'tn 


Technical    Director 

Plastics  Industries  Technical  Institute 


The  Furfural*  Offer  Remarkable  Promise 
In  Impregnating,  Adhesion  and  Casting 


THE  first  part  of  this  article  on  the  development  of  syn- 
thetic resins  from  furfural  (PLASTICS,  February,  1945) 
dealt  largely  with  the  combination  of  furfural  with  various 
other  resin-forming  ingredients,  such  as  phenols,  aniline, 
urea ;  also  in  combination  with  lignin  and  polyvinyl  alcohol. 
Its  function  in  many  of  these  instances  may  be  attributed 
to  its  role  as  an  aldehyde,  and  its  ability  to  combine  in  typ- 
ical condensation-polymerization  reactions.  The  most  note- 
worthy member  of  this  group  is  the  phenol-furfural  resin, 
which  enjoys  widespread  application  in  the  plastics  mold- 
ing and  laminating  field. 

Here,  we  will  review  the  synthetic  resins  formed  directly 
from  furfural  or  furfural  alcohol  without  the  addition  of 
other  resin  forming  ingredients.  These  synthetic  resins 
show  promise  of  joining  the  existing  commercial  plastics  in 
fulfilling  and  extending  important  functions  of  the  plastics 
industry.  Some  of  the  newer  applications  which  furfural 
resins  made  possible  are  shown  in  accompanying  photo- 
graphs illustrating  an  impregnated  plaster  of  paris  form 
(and  an  acrylic  piece  drawn  in  it)  and  impregnated  pulp 
containers. 

Furfural  is  a  relatively  low  viscosity  fluid  possessing  good 
solvent  properties.  It  is  capable  of  self-resinification  in  the 
presence  of  strong  acid  catalysts  and  of  undergoing  the 
Cannizzaro  reaction  in  the  presence  of  alkaline  catalysts. 


The  fact  that  there  is  no  water  formation  during  the  resini- 
fication  of  furfural  leads  one  to  suspect  the  following  re- 
action involving  an  additional  polymerization  through  the 
furane  ring: 


Strong  Acid  Catalysis 


H  H  H 

-C       — C        — C 


II       H 
HC  C — C 

V  • 

Furfural 


HC  = 


=  0  HC=0  HC  =  ( 

Polymeric  Furfural 


The  polymerization  is  expedited  by  heat  as  well  as  cata- 
lysts in  the  conventional  manner,  though  resinification  at 
room  temperature  is  readily  possible  in  the  presence  of  con- 
centrated sulfuric  or  hydrochloric  acid  or  sulfur  monochlo- 
ride,  or  in  the  absence  of  all  of  them.  The  friable,  brittle 
character  of  some  of  the  fusible  polymers  formed,  leads  one 
to  suspect  a  substantial  proportion  of  low  polymers,  perhaps 
grouped  in  ring  formation  due  to  the  chance  presence  of  the 
aldehyde  group  on  the  same  side  of  the  furane  ring  as  the 
C-C  linkage  occurs. 


112 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Today,  the  spotlight  of  every  industry  that 
uses  liquids  in  its  manufacturing  process 
is  on  the  drums  that  have  the  tremendously 
important  job  of  transporting  those  liquids 
without  loss  or  contamination. 

Put  the  spotlight  of  your  judgment  on 
the  drums  that  carry  the  ingredients  of 
your  product — and  ask  yourself  this  ques- 
tion: Are  these  drums  hermetically  sealed, 
so  that  no  rain  or  dust  or  other  impurities 
can  reach  the  contents? 


The  thing  that  counts  is  the  quality  of  the 
liquid  token  the  drum  is  opened.  You  ran 
be  sure  of  that  quality  if  Tri-Sure  Closures 
are  on  the  drumhead.  These  closures  are  a 
guarantee  that  the  contents  have  been  her- 
metically sealed  every  minute  and  every 
mile  of  the  way — with  a  seal,  plug  and 
flange  that  no  impurity  can  pass.  Give 
yourself — and  your  product — this  guaran- 
tee now  by  specifying  "in  Tri-Sure  equipped 
drums"  whenever  you  order  chemicals. 


CLOSURES 

AMERICAN    FLANGE   &   MANUFACTURING   CO.    INC,    30   ROCKEFELLER   PLAZA.   NEW    YORK  20,  N.   Y. 
TRI-SURE  PRODUCTS  LIMITED,   ST.   CATHARINES,   ONTARIO,  CANADA 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


113 


HCI  at  22°  B«  per  pram  of  Furfural 
or  Furfuryl  Alcohol  (Gm) 


cohol 


102 


10' 


Fig.   1.    Comparative  rate  of  resinification   for  furfural  and  fur- 
furyl alcohol,  based  on  approximate  time  required  for  gelation 

While  the  Cannizzaro  reaction  is  not  employed  commer- 
cially to  an  appreciable  extent,  it  will  indicate  the  effect  of 
alkaline  reagents  upon  furfural. 


Alkaline  Catalysis 


V 

Furfural 


M 

1- 


Furfuryl  Alcohol 


HC          C  —  C 

V  \H 


Pyromucic   Acid 
(2    Furoic) 


Furfuryl  alcohol,  on  the  other  hand,  polymerizes  much 
more  readily  than  furfural.  In  fact,  the  amount  of  catalyst 
required  for  furfuryl  alcohol  is  much  less  than  ordinarily 
needed  for  furfural.  A  comparison  of  rate  of  resinification 
of  furfural  and  of  furfuryl  alcohol  as  observed  by  approx- 
imate time  of  gelation  to  occur  @  212°  F  is  indicated  in  Fig. 
1  for  different  proportions  of  catalyst.  Gelation  generally  oc- 
curs when  viscosity  exceeds  several  thousand  centipoises. 
The  samples  which  were  subjected  to  the  analysis  were  5 
mil  thick.  The  great  increase  in  speed  of  resinification  is 
quite  apparent  for  furfuryl  alcohol.  At  the  lower  propor- 
tions of  catalyst,  the  conversion  from  viscous  liquid  to  gel 
is  less  sharp  than  at  higher  proportions,  where  the  physical 
change  is  quite  pronounced.  The  almost  explosive  rate  of 
resinification  of  furfuryl  alcohol  has  been  noted  by  other 
investigators,  one  who  tried  reacting  equimolar  proportions 
of  formic  acid  and  furfuryl  alcohol.1 


Furfuryl  alcohol  resinification  has  been  identified  as  a 
reaction  involving  condensation  and  polymerization.2 


5  Ls-S  LcJ  LC 

v    H   v    -  v 

Furfuryl  Alcohol  Polymer 


v .   » 

0 

Furfuryl  Alcohol 

Now  that  we  have  this  basic  information  on  furfuryl  al- 
cohol polymerization,  we  can  better  anticipate  the  usefulness 
of  these  materials  in  forming  synthetic  resins. 

The  fully  cured,  hard  and  dark  furfural  resins  possess 
certain  distinguishing  characteristics  which  mark  them  as 
unusual  materials.  First  of  all,  water  absorption  is  very 
low,  more  so  than  that  of  other  thermosetting  polymers.  The 
protective  action  possible  through  these  water-impervious 


Methyl  methacrylate  sheets  bonded  with  furfural  resin  adhesives 


Among  new  applications  for  furfural  resins  is  the  casting 
of  acrylic  parts  from  impregnated  plaster  of  Paris  molds 


coatings  has  been  previously  described  by  the  author.3  A 
solid  polymer  of  a  furfural  resin  will  have  less  than  .05% 
water  absorption  (by  the  ASTM  method)  in  24  hr. 

Furfural  resin  polymers  have  opened  up  the  possibilities 
of  employing  liquid  thermosetting  resins,  without  solvents, 
for  low-pressure  laminating  and  impregnation.  Whereas 
the  usual  phenol-formaldehyde  liquid  resin  has  a  viscosity 
above  1000  centipoises,  that  of  liquid  furfural  resins  may 
be  considerably  lower  (50-1000  centipoises).  This  is  very 
desirable  for  impregnation  of  semi-porous  materials  such 
as  plaster  of  Paris  or  Hydrocal,  or  materials  such  as  Celo- 
tex,  which  readily  absorbs  resins.  These  and  many  other 
new  fields  of  application  are  opened  up  by  the  availability  of 
100%  low  viscosity  liquid  furane  resins  which  contain  no 
volatile  matter. 

Those  who  work  with  plastics  materials  know  of  the  many 
hundreds  of  resin  solutions  available  for  various  purposes, 
though  in  the  majority  of  high  polymers  these  are  solutions 
in  solvents  such  as  water,  alcohol,  acetone,  benzene  and 
others. 

Liquid  Furfural  Resin  Adhesives 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  products  developed  from 
liquid  furfural  resins  is  the  group  of  adhesives  which  have 
developed  bond  strengths  superior,  in  many  cases,  to  the 
materials  being  bonded.  The  furfural  resin  adhesives  known 
commercially  as  Resin  X  and  Resin  X-l  are  respectively  a 
100%  liquid  resin  and  a  resin  dissolved  in  an  appropriate 
solvent.  Both  require  activation  by  acid  catalyst  to  make 
ready  for  application.  Resin  X  is  the  first  true  100"  gap-fill- 
ing adhesive  because  on  curing  there  is  no  solvent  to  be 
evaporated — the  factor  which  invariably  leads  to  porosity 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


DECORATIVE   FORMICA 


CLASS   BASE   FORMICA 


CHEMICALLY  RESISTANT  FORMICA 


^r^         \ 


AMINATED  PLASTIC 
SPECIALTIES  FOR 


PURPOSES! 


FORMICA   is   the   house   oi  specialties — devoted  to  the 
development  oi  special  products  by  the  application  oi 
research    and    engineering — ior    many   special    purposes. 
These    products    cover   the   whole   range    oi   use   oi   the 
material. 

In  1927  Formica  offered  laminated  plastics  ior  decorative 
purposes,  and  since  then  the  material  has  been  used,  by 
methods  developed  by  Formica  ior  restaurant  table  tops, 
soda  iountain  counters,  bars,  wainscot,  column  covering 
— and  has  been  applied  by  leading  decorators  to  trains, 
ships,  hotels,  public  buildings  oi  the  most  luxurious  type. 

lust  recently  Formica  was  the  first  to  offer  glass  base 
insulating  sheet  tor  the  control  oi  high  frequency  currents, 
and  this  is  being  used  in  much  oi  the  high  quality,  high- 
performance,  electronic  equipment  manufactured  for  the 
use  oi  the  armed  forces  in  the  war. 

Chemically  resistant  parts  oi  Formica — some  incorporat- 
ing metal  conductors— are  used  in  the  plating  industry, 
in  rayon  manuiacture  and  ior  many  other  purposes. 

Formica  is  also  offering  forming  stock  which  can  be 
reheated  and  post-formed  into  many  shapes  ior  us*  in 
ammunition  chutes  and  other  mechanical  uses  in  air- 
planes. It  also  adapts  the  material  to  many  other  uses 
in  the  production  oi  a  wide  range  oi  equipment. 

The  Formica  "Data  Book"  describes  in  engineering  terms 
the  qualities  of  the  material. 

THE   FORMICA   INSULATION   CO. 

4653   Spring  Grove  Ave.,   Cincinnati  32,  Ohio 


ORMIC£ 


FORMING  STOCK 


MARCH  1945 


1'l.ASTICS 


115 


Under  proper  conditions,  furfural-laminated  phenolic  plastics 
will  fail  at  4500  psi  in  shear  without  any  glue  line  failure 


in  the  glue  line  and  loss  in  strength  as  a  consequence. 

To  demonstrate  the  efficacy  of  Resin  X  as  a.  gap-filling 
adhesive,  a  series  of  tests  was  performed  to  determine  the 
strength  of  this  furfural  adhesive  on  different  thicknesses  of 
glue  line.  Laminated  phenolic  plastics,  which  "possess  the 
highest  shear  strengths  among  the  plastics,  are  employed  as 
a  standard  of  comparison.  By  inserting  small  spacers  be- 
tween test  strips  and  liberally  applying  the  furfural  resin  ad- 
hesive, glue  lines  of  varying  thicknesses  could  be  obtained. 
Practically  no  loss  in  apparent  shear  strength  was  observed 
for  this  material  over  the  range  tested  (up  to  .050").  In 
these  and  many  other  ways  the  gap-filling  properties  of 
Resin  X  adhesives  can  be  readily  demonstrated. 

From  the  general  viewpoint  of  the  plastics  industry,  we 
now  have  a  material  which  fulfills  the  combined  function  of 
casting  and  adhesion,  and  the  ability  to  cure  at  low  tempera- 
tures. It  means  a  change  in  the  usual  method  of  bonding 
members  together,  because  instead  of  applying  a  glue  to  the 
surface  and  waiting  for  it  to  dry,  parts  should  be  assembled 
while  the  glue  is  still  wet  and  in  an  uncured  condition.  The 
liquid  furane  resins  will  in  fact  dissolve  many  of  the  thermo- 
plastic polymers — a  feature  which  makes  them  unique  as  an 
adhesive.  Of  course,  this  compatibility  is  more  apparent 
for  the  lower  degrees  of  polymerization.  To  demonstrate 
this  typical  compatibility,  a  stack  of  polymethyl  methacrylate 


sheets  has  been  bonded  together  with  liquid  furane  resin  ad- 
hesives, as  shown  in  accompanying  photos.  The  dark  glue 
line  formed  by  the  furfural  resin  adhesive  sharply  denotes 
each  lamination.  The  effect  is  strikingly  similar  to  Louvre- 
glas,  which  is  prepared  by  a  much  more  complicated  proc- 
ess from  alternate  layers  of  dark  and  transparent  cellulose 
plastics  sheets.  When  viewed  directly  normal  to  the  lami- 
nations, the  stack  may  be  readily  seen  through.  However, 
from  the  side,  the  opacity  of  the  dark  glue  lines  predomi- 
nates. 

Of  practical  importance  to  the  successful  application  of 
all  glues  is  the  "pot  life"  of  the  glue,  or  the  period  for  which 
the  glue  will  remain  usable  after  activatio'n  by  catalyst. 
Most  cold-setting  adhesives,  like  ureas  and  resorcinols,  are 
activated  by  some  catalyst  or  solvent  action,  and  after  such 
acvitation  and  resin  adhesive  slowly  thickens  to  the  point 
where  it  gels  or  becomes  too  stiff  to  apply.  The  presence 
of  certain  solvents,  such  as  combinations  of  acetone  and 
alcohol,  has  a  retarding  action  on  this  rate  of  gelation,  and 
to  develop  a  longer  pot  life  in  furfural  resin  adhesives,  it 
has  simply  been  necessary  to  incorporate  proper  solvents. 
These  are  best  explained  by  referring  to  the  accompanying 
table,  which  makes  a  comparison  of  two  liquid  furfural  resin 
adhesives.  Both  materials  have  been  activated  in  the  same 
manner  by  the  same  catalyst. 

One  of  the  most  successful  applications  of  furfural  resins 
has  been  in  the  lamination  of  phenolic  plastics,  where  a  high 
specific  adhesion  to  the  surface  has  been  noted.  The  fur- 
fural resin  has  been  observed  microscropically  to  penetrate 
into  the  phenolic.  (Best  results  are  obtained  when  the  lami- 
nated phenolic  is  perfectly  dry  and  in  an  unsanded  condition. 
In  fact,  the  strengths  at  the  glue  line  may  be  improved  some- 
what by  arbitrarily  drying  the  surface  before  bonding.)  This 
adhesive  property  can  be  demonstrated  by  one  of  the  severest 
tests  which  can  be  given  for  laminated  phenolics — namely, 
cementing  several  fully-cured  sheets  of  say  J4"  thickness  to- 
gether ;  then,  when  cured,  sawing  a  piece  from  the  middle  of 
the  stack,  sanding  and  polishing  it,  and  attempting  to  de- 
laminate  it  by  placing  it  in  a  vise  and  striking  with  a  ham- 
mer. Under  proper  conditions,  the  furfural-laminated  phe- 
nolic plastics  will  fail  at  4500  psi  in  shear  without  any  glue 
line  failure. 

Aside  from  the  technical  advantages  of  furfural  resin  ad- 
hesive for  organic  plastics,  one  must  evaluate  their  influence 
on  design  trends  and  their  ability  to  make  possible  new  ap- 
plications of  plastics.  Considerable  activity  in  formed 
articles  from  thermosetting  phenolic  laminates  has  been 
(Continued  on  page  357) 


*  *  12  l«  tO  24 

TIME       (M    HOURS    AT     ISO'-ISO-F) 

Fig.  2.  Improvements  in  strength  caused  by  impregnating  plas- 
ter of  Paris  with  Resin  XH:  "A"  48  hr,  room  temperature;  "B" 
48  hr,  room.  24  hr  at  122°  F;  "C"  48  hr.  room,  48  hr  at 
122°  F;  "D"  10  days,  room;  "E"  48  hr,  122°  F.  In  the  lat- 
ter instance  special  plaster  was  used  with  an  added  catalyst 


Typical  of  molded  items  which  have  been  produced  from  fur- 
fural resins  is  this  part  in  which  redwood  fibre  is  the  filler 


116 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


P/totlucf 


BABY   IATHIR 
,OUHTA»I 

SHAVING  WSH 


SHAVING 
BRUSH 


lO  CONTROt. 


"PLASTICREATE"  is  a  new  word  we've  coined  to 
describe  more  aptly  our  service. 

It  means  more  than  fabricating  from  plastics  to  your 
order.  It  embodies  also  the  more  important  function 
of  original  design  ...  a  design,  unique  and  artistic, 
that  can  be  produced  from  plastic  on  a  practical  and 
economical  basis  .  .  .  yet  giving  your  product  all  the 
modern  appeal  and  advantages  of  plastic  with  its  color, 
warmth  and  interesting  combinations. 

If  you  are  interested  in  the  development  in  plastics  of 
unusual  display  and  store  fixtures,  furniture  specialties, 
cosmetic  containers,  decorative  items  ...  or  appliances 
for  home  and  industry  ...  we  invite  you  to  write  us  for 
more  details  on  "PLASTICREATION."  No  obli- 
gation. 


SPECIALISTS    IN    DESIGN    AND    FABRICATION 

1770  EUCLID  AVENUE.  CLEVELAND  IS.  OHIO 


This  pull  has  been  designed  to  ac- 
commodate the  45°  angle  normally 
assumed  by  the  hand  when  extended 


For    Furniture 


How  Properly-Designed 
Furniture  Accessories  of  Plastics 
Can  Overcome  the  Challenge 
Of  Post-War  Competition 


Cyora< 


oraon 

President,     Gordon     Obrig 

Associates,  Inc.;  Chairman, 

N.    Y.    Chapter,    American 

Designers'    Institute 


CLOSE  study  of  furniture  buyers'  post-war  outlook 
shows  that  if  plastics  manufacturers  are  not  to  lose 
their  present  foothold  in  the  furniture  field,  they  must  re- 
examine  their  position,  understand  past  errors,  and,  most 
important,  comprehend  the  needs  of  this  important  industry. 

It  can  be  said  without  hesitation  that  the  furniture  indus- 
try, which  for  centuries  has  used  metal  for  its  hardware 
and  fitments,  will  turn  to  plastics  if  they  can  offer  better  or 
a  less  costly  product.  The  first  attempts  of  the  plastics  in- 
dustry to  invade  the  furniture  hardware  field,  however,  have 
not  been  auspicious,  and  this  can  be  attributed  to  a  lack  of 
knowledge  of  the  particular  needs  of  the  industry. 

Those  plastics  now  being  used  by  furniture  manufacturers 
are  to  be  found  on  the  cheap,  so-called  "borax"  designs  or 
on  very  expensive  modern  furniture.  Medium  grades  of 
furniture  have  been  using  wood  or  glass  hardware. 


The  furniture  industry,  deprived  by  war  of  metal  hard- 
ware, turned  to  plastics  as  a  substitute.  With  the  European 
phase  of  the  war  apparently  drawing  to  a  close  and  with 
metals  being  gradually  released,  however,  buyers  for  large 
chain  stores  and  heads  of  buyers'  groups  are  rapidly  de- 
manding that  all  postwar  models  be  fitted  with  metal  hard- 
ware, metal  ferrules  and  metal  domes  or  gliders. 

New  Designs  Dictated 

Some  of  the  plastics  hardware  thus  far  produced  has  been 
frankly  imitative  of  their  metal  originals.  This  is  a  basic 
error,  since  these  types  of  materials  differ  greatly  in  physical 
properties.  Metals  have  greater  strength  and  character- 
istic colors  and  textures.  Then,  too,  metals  have  a  type  of 
reflective  surfaces  which  are  entirely  lacking  in  plastics. 


118 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Fig.  2.    A  horizontal  pull  which  fits  the  hand,  the  fin- 
gers curling  underneath,  the  thumb  going  over  the  top 


For  these  reasons  and  the  further  fact  that  furniture  hard- 
ware complements  the  piece  to  which  it  is  attached,  plastics 
imitations  of  metal  hardware  so  far  produced  are  not  con- 
sidered satisfactory  by  the  trade. 

Imitation  is  not  the  answer.  The  plastics  manufacturer 
must  create  new  designs  which  are  better  or  cheaper  than 
the  hardware  formerly  used. 

Consider  the  question  of  strength.  Since  plastics  alone, 
in  some  cases,  are  not  sufficiently  strong  to  serve  as  drawer 
pulls,  it  is  necessary  for  the  plastics  handle  to  be  reinforced 
at  the  proper  places  with  metal.  The  present  method  of 
attachment  being  by  countersunk  screw,  bolt  and  nut  or 
skein  nut,  it  is  very  evident  that  the  beauty  of  the  plastics 
handle  will  be  enhanced  in  some  cases  by  the  metallic  con- 
trast of  the  fastening  coming  through  the  jaw  of  the  handle 
to  the  surface.  It  is  also  true  that  with  the  present  method, 
in  at  least  two  specific  cases,  a  screw  thread  cut  into  the 
handle  is  called  for ;  thus  a  metallic  attachment  to  take  the 
strain  off  the  plastics  will  help.  It  is  not  the  sustained  strain 
that  breaks  plastics  hardware  but  the  shock  occuring  when  a 
drawer  is  jerked  open. 

A  future  development  of  the  wedge  type  of  attachment 
will,  I  think,  prove  a  better  kind  of  connection  for  plastics 
and  metallic  hardware.  In  this  kind  of  connection  the  female 
wedge  in  metal  is  punched  into  drawer  and  door  fronts 
secured  with  an  expansion  type  shield.  The  male  type  mold 
on  the  plastics  pull  is  wedged  into  this  metal  receptacle.  In 
this  way  there  can  be  no  break  due  to  unequal  strain  set  up 
by  holes  in  plastics  pulls. 


Wood  Colors  Usually  Found 
PERIOD                   WOOD 
Queen  Anne Walnut     


Chippendale    Mahogany 

Sheraton     Mahogany 

Hepplewhite    Mahogany 

Early  American 

(Colonial)     Maple    ... 

French  Provincial    ..Walnut 


Federal  American  .  .  Mahogany   

Bleached    mahogany, 
Modern    .  ash,  oak 


Jn  Furniture 
COLOR 

,  Warm   brown 
Reddish  brown  to 

brownish  red 
.  Same  as  above 
.  Same  as  above 

.  Butterscotch 
.  Dart  brown 
Reddish   brown  or 
brownish  rad 

Light  cream  to  honey 


Fig.  3.   Here  fingers  grasp  pull  underneath;  or  curl 
around  central  vertical  member;  or  around  the  top 


Fig.  4.    This  pull  is  a  variation  oi  Fig.  2 


Fig.    5.     By    its    design,    this    pull    can    be 
grasped  at  any  angle  convenient  to  the  hand 


MARCH    19i:> 


PLASTtCS 


119 


Fig.  6.   Another  hand-formation-fitting  horizontal  pull 


Fig.  7.    Fingers  curl  around  one  side  of  this  pull 


It  is  in  the  matter  of  color  that  plastics  manufacturers 
have  put  their  poorest  foot  forward.  The  author  has  had 
plastics  hardware  submitted  to  him  in  bad  rusts,  ugly  blues 
and  semi-transparent  colors  that  had  all  the  indications  of 
being  made  with  40%  dirt  filler.  As  mentioned  before, 
hardware  serves  as  a  complement  to  furniture,  and  it  is 
therefore  necessary  to  keep  in  mind  the  color  of  the  furniture 
itself. 

Because  the  furniture  of  each  period  (except  modern)  is 
fitted  with  historically  characteristic  hardware,  the  designs 
are  fairly  well  established  and  can  be  found  in  books  de- 
voted to  the  subject.  Hardware  need  not  necessarily  match 
the  color  of  the  wood  (except  where  wood  hardware  is  in- 
dicated), but  violent  blues  are  definitely  out.  Hardware 
may  match  or  contrast  with  the  wood  color,  but  even  in 
contrast  the  color  must  be  esthetically  pleasing. 

It  is  not  in  the  realm  of  strictly  period  furniture,  however, 
but  in  the  modern  or  non-period  field  that  plastics  have  their 
big  opportunity.  Today's  engineering  approach  to  design 
opens  up  a  new  vista  both  for  the  plastics  manufacturer  in- 
terested in  furniture  hardware  and  for  the  furniture  manu- 
facturer interested  in  furniture  hardware  and  for  the  furni- 
ture manufacturer  as  well.  This  will  involve  a  detailed 
study  of  the  hand  and  functional  motions  necessary  to  pull  a 


drawer  put  or  open  a  door.  In  these  days  of  functional 
design,  it  should  not  be  necessary  for  a  person  to  feel  un- 
gainly in  performing  a  normal  operation.  A  study  of  the 
average  hand,  closed,  clinched  and  so  set  as  to  pull,  would 
reveal  serious  defects  in  our  present  hardware. 

Thomas  Lamb,  one  of  the  better  industrial  designers, 
has  made  a  serious  study  of  the  hand  in  its  various  function- 
al positions.  The  models  he  has  evolved  have  been  accepted 
as  standard  by  the  medical  profession  and  functional  en- 
gineers. It  is  this  type  of  investigation  the  industry  should 
make  if  it  hopes  to  contribute  to  furniture  hardware. 

Another  subject  that  plastics  manufacturers  should  in- 
vestigate is  that  of  the  power  necessary  to  open  standard 
size  drawers.  As  far  as  we  know,  there  are  no  data  on  the 
subject  available.  Possibly  no  one  has  ever  made  such  a 
study,  but  to  plastics  manufacturers  working  in  a  material 
weaker  than  metal,  such  information  is  of  vital  importance. 
It  would  indicate  the  amount  of  reinforcement  needed  to 
make  a  functionally  satisfactory  plastics  handle. 

It  is  obvious  that  plastics  hardware  can  be  manufactured 
more  economically  than  metal.  Although  some  of  this  saving 
would  be  counterbalanced  by  the  use  of  metal  reinforcement, 
plastics  manufacturers  can  still  bring  the  total  cost  of  their 
product  down  by  devising  a  more  efficient  method  of 
attachment,  since  present  methods  of  attaching  hardware  to 
drawers  and  doors  are  uneconomic  and  not  easy  to  perform. 
After  considering  strength,  color,  functional  use  and 
attachment,  plastics  manufacturers  should  also  give  con- 
sideration to  esthetics.  In  the  past,  when  plastics  hard- 
ware has  been  submitted  to  designers  for  approval,  it  usually 
has  been  found  that  they  were  entirely  out  of  scale  with 
the  drawer  or  door  to  which  they  were  to  be  attached.  It 
cannot  be  emphasized  too  strongly  that  furniture  hardware 
is  not  a  separate  entity  but  a  functional  part  of  the  piece  to 
which  it  is  attached.  For  this  reason  it  must  add  to  the 
beauty  of  the  piece  without  attracting  undue  attention  to 
itself. 

In  addition  to  outlining  the  faults  of  plastic  hardware 
and  indicating  the  direction,  which  research  and  design 
should  follow  in  the  future,  the  author  has  sketched  a  group 
of  plastics  pulls  which  embody  some  of  these  thoughts. 

The  need  for  a  chunky  type  pull  that  can  be  cut  to  desired 
length  is  the  basis  for  Fig.  7.  The  simple  rod  type  ur- 
gently needed  for  commercial  use  was  the  background  for 
the  development  of  the  handle  in  Fig.  2.  The  need  on  large 
cabinets  for  a  handle  that  could  be  used  either  horizontal  or 
vertical  and  that  had  at  least  three  connections  to  insure  the 
possibility  of  moving  large  drawers  and  sections  was  the 
factual  background  of  development  of  Fig.  3.  The  need 
for  decoration  on  a  plain  surface  leads  to  the  development  of 
the  sunken  panel  which  can  either  be  polished  or  textured 
shown  in  Fig.  4. 

In  Fig.  5  we  see  a  handle  developed  around  door  type 
hardware  for  finish  on  wood,  the  spindle  and  collar  being 
either  metal  or  plastics,  with  a  plastics  plate.  The  need  for 
a  plain  easily  produced  scoop  type  was  the  basis  for  Fig.  6. 
The  beginnings  of  an  investigation  into  the  natural  function 
of  hands  when  extended  showed  definitely  that  the  act  of 
opening  a  drawer  is  much  more  comfortable  when  the 
handles  are  extended  for  action  at  approximately  a  45°  angle 
to  the  jaw.  Therefore  the  metal  and  plastics  handle  (Fig. 
1),  the  hand  grip  of  which  you  will  find  if  you  clench  your 
fist,  is  the  natural  formation  into  which  the  second  and 
third  joints  of  the  hand  fall. 

The  author  is  of  the  firm  belief  that  if  plastics  and  metal 
were  combined  for  proper  strength ;  if  new  functional  shapes 
which  are  not  too  unfamiliar  are  submitted;  if  the  proper 
colors  are  worked  out ;  and  if  a  more  economical  method  of 
attachment  could  be  devised,  plastics  hardware  will  make 
a  real  place  for  itself  in  the  furniture  field  and  will  be  wel- 
comed by  both  manufacturer  and  retailer  alike.  END 


120 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Adjustments  in  paper  specifications  advanced  the  success  of  many 
products  in  war  work  . .  .  and  a  change  in  paper  density,  absorbency, 
pliability,  moisture-vapor  repellency,  greaseproofness  or  dielectric 
strength  might  help  advance  the  postwar  opportunities  of  your  products. 

MOSINEE  can  be  engineered  to  give  the  technical  characteristics  you 
need  in  paper  ...  to  avoid  processing  "headaches".  .  .  to  improve  your 
products,  boost  production  and  lower  costs.  Mosinee  engineers,  at  your 
request  and  without  obligation  to  you,  are  available  for  consultation. 


MARCH   1947! 


121 


w 


leel  particles  cling  to  the  drum  of  the  magnetic  separator 


attas^-aVriiaftadsi 


Scrap 

Is  an  Asset 


Segregating  Waste  Materials  Into 
Types  Upgrades  It  in  Value  and 
Quality  and  Cuts  Salvage  Costs 


THE  scarcity  of  plastics  material  created  by  war  has 
brought  the  importance  of  reclaiming  thermoplastic 
scrap  to  the  attention  of  molders  and  fabricators  as  never 
before.  Every  ounce  of  material  salvaged  for  re-use  has 
meant  a  double  gain  for  the  war  effort — the  production  of 
more  war  goods  from  a  given  amount  of  plastics,  while  at 
the  same  time  freeing  new,  virgin  material  for  more  essen- 
tial work.  Even  when  plastics  again  become  a  matter  of 
free  supply  after  the  war,  the  re-working  and  refining  of 
scrap  will  still  be  important,  for  it  will  permit  the  utiliza- 
tion of  lower-cost  material  which  would  otherwise  have 
been  discarded. 

Practically  all  thermoplastics  lend  themselves  to  salvage, 
particularly  cellulose  acetate,  celluose  acetate-butyrate,  poly- 
styrene and  the  acrylics,  which  are  also  the  plastics  most 
worthwhile  treating  from  an  economic  standpoint. 

Reclamation  of  this  waste  generally  involves  a  number 
of  operations  if  the  material  is  to  be  put  into  such  condi- 
tion that  it  can  replace  fresh  powder.  Contamination  often 
occurs  when  molders  change  from  one  type  of  material  to 
another,  or  from  one  color  to  another.  In  such  cases,  the 
heating  chamber  should  be  emptied  out  thoroughly  before 
the  new  run  begins.  The  segregation  of  material  into  types 
is  the  foundation  of  good  salvage  practice.  If  this  principle 
is  not  followed,  processes  will  be  required  which  entail  con- 
siderable time,  labor  and  money  in  order  to  achieve  full 
separation  of  mixtures.  (Continued  on  page  360) 


Scrap  is  ground  to  the  fineness  shown,  using  such  equipment  as  this  No.  2  Ball  &  Jewell  cutter.     Held  in  the  strainer  is  material  being 
cleansed  of  non-ferrous  and  foreign  plastics  materials  by  chemical  flotation.  In  the  hand  is  the  amount  of  steel  found  in  one  drum  of  scrap 


FILLER  RESULTS 

do  you  require  f 


Ray co  means  RESULTS!  We  go  far  beyond  the  supplying  of  clean, 
uniform  fillers  to  your  specifications.  We  help  you  determine  those 
specifications! 

While  it  is  comparatively  simple  to  obtain  marked  improvements  by 
adding  a  filler,  the  real  problem  is  to  get  the  MAXIMUM  improvement 
consistent  with  cost  consideration. 

The  Rayco  approach  to  your  problem  is  based  on  wide  experience, 
suitable  research  facilities,  and  a  lot  of  "know-how." 

Hundreds  of  modifications  of  our  basic  types  of  filler  have  been  made 
to  suit  specific  needs.  Whether  your  desired  Filler  Result  can  best  be 
met  with  an  existing  cut,  or  a  new  one — that  is  something  we  work 
closely  with  you  and  your  compound  manufacturer  to  determine. 

For  Filler  Results— RAYCO! 


CONSIDER  PLASTIC  HELMET  LINER  SCRAP 


A  number  of  very  interesting  applications  are  being 
served  by  this  low-cost  molding  compound  o/  (he 
phenol  formaldehyde  type.  Plenty  available.  Re- 
quest sample  and  price. 


Per*    cotton    flock    of    Mrposilng 

cleanlinvu    and    uniformity. 


FABRIFIL  ST 


fabric  for  ti* 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO. 

45  TREMONT     ST.,     CENTRAL     FALLS,     RHODE     ISLAND 


of  R.I. 
INC. 


t»«nlr    Clt    Ixiqtht    of   Mr*   cord. 
for  pl..«c»   of   itwoit 


OBTAIN  COMPOUNDS  CONTAINING  RAYCO  FILLERS  FOR  GOOD  FLOW  AND  EXTRA  STRENGTH 


M  \  KCH  1945 


Ft.AfiTMCS 


123 


Plexiglat  demonitralion  model*  are  effective  aid*  to 
telling.  Models  like  the  Nelson  Stud  Welder,  which 
permit  an  "inside"  view  of  working  parts  in  operation, 
are  worth  more  than  many  words  of  "sales  talk". 


Ethe  highly  competitive  post-war  market,  you'll 
nd  transparent  PLEXIGLAS  a  real  boon  to  selling 
efforts.  This  light-weight,  crystal-clear  plastic  that  is 
both  shatterproof  and  highly  resistant  to  chemicals 
is  ideally  suited  to  demonstration  models ...  permit- 
ting an  unobstructed  view  of  construction  details  or 
mechanical  operations. 

Reproductions  of  parts  or  products  in  PLEXIGLAS 
serve  a  multiple  purpose:  they  provide  a  quick,  visual 
means  of  instructing  sales  personnel  .  .  .  add  new 
interest  to  the  sales  story. ..give  servicemen  a  sound 
working  knowledge  for  maintenance  and  repair. 

Would  transparent  replicas  of  your  products — or 
parts  of  them  —  help  clarify  your  selling  points?  Then 


why  not  consult  us  about  the  most  effective  use  of 
PLEXIGLAS?  Call  our  nearest  office:  Philadelphia, 
New  York,  Detroit,  Chicago,  Los  Angeles,  Cleveland. 
Canadian  Distributor:  Hobbs  Glass  Ltd.,  Montreal. 

Only  Rohm  &  Haas  makes  PLEXIGLAS 


PLEXIGLAS  IS  JUST  ONE  Of  the  many 
types  of  products  developed  by  Kohm 
&  I  l.i.i-  r<  -r.inh.  The  varied  fields  this 
company  serves  wrth  a  diversified  line 
of  chemical*  range  from  aircraft  (plas- 
tics) to  agriculture  (insecticides  and 
fungicides),  textiles  (reducing  agents 
and  fabric  finishes),  enamelware  (por- 
celain opacifiers),  and  leather  (synthe- 
tic taDniug  materials  and  finishes). 


PLEXIGLAS  is  the  trade-mark,  Rtg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off.,  for  the  acrylic  resin  thermoplastic  theft*  and  molding  powder  $  manufactured  by  Rohm  &  float  Company. 
Represented  by  Cia.  Rohm   j  Haaa,  S.R.L.,  Carlos   Pellegrini  331,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  and  agents  in  principal  South  American  cities. 


"Looking  Ahead  .  .  . 


through  Plexiglas 


ROHM   &    HAAS   COMPANY 


Mjnulicturers  ol  Chemicals  mcludinj  Plastics  .  .  .  Synthetic  Insecticides  .  .  .  Funjicides  .  .  .  En/ymes  .  .  .  Chemicals  (of  Die  leather,  Tirtile  Ind  other  Industries 


TV    T         r  I  I  ^T"f  TTT  I    " 

>M  TTDfllE 


Drawings  by  Julian  Kiupa.   Plastics'  Ait  Department 


Three  views  of  a  dual-purpose  plas- 
tics mirror — for  the  dresser  when 
held  in  the  open  position;  lor  shav- 
ing or  make-up  when  folded  into  an 
easel.  Designed  by  Hans  P.  Nelson 


I 

is^ 


istics  heat  insulation  and  colorlulness  are 
combined  with  the  wear-resistance  and  gleam  of 
stainless  steel  in  a  grapefruit  bowl.  Note  the  two 
types  of  removable  adapters.  Design  by  Peter 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of  Plastics  Applications  to  Post-War  Products 
(PLASTICS  welcomes  designers'  contributions  to  this  department) 


Plastics-impregnated  plywoods  are  employed  in 
this  modern  chair-side  radio-phonograph,  which 
incl'ides  shell,  storage  and  television  space. 
By  A.  C.  Karlstad.  Sherman  Oaks  (Los  Angeles) 


Russell  H.  Bach  of  Milwaukee  Indus- 
trial Designers  offers  this  air  puri- 
fier for  home  and  office,  employing 
ultra  violet  rays  to  remove  odors 
Device  makes  use  of  phenolic  plates 


;> 


IL 


Opportunity  for  attractive  display  is  afforded  by  the  use  of  an  aceto- buty rate  iron!  on  this  1942  model  crisper  tray 


Plastics  in  Refrigeration 

Improved  Properties  and  Natural  Advantages  Give 
Plastics  an  "Inside  Track"  on  Expansion  into  This  Field 


AS  A  business  which  represents,  conservatively,  an  an- 
nual volume  of  $600,000,000,  the  refrigeration  in- 
dustry offers  plastics  an  attractive  field  for  expansion. 

The  best  way  to  determine  the  lines  along  which  expan- 
sion of  plastics  in  refrigeration  will  progress  following  the 
war  is  to  examine  the  gains  made  prior  to  the  war,  and  note 
the  trends  then  under  way.  These  gains,  it  will  be  seen, 
coupled  with  advances  made  in  production  techniques  and 
material  characteristics  achieved  during  the  war,  demon- 
strate that  plastics  have  only  "scratched  the  surface"  of 
their  potentialities  in  this  sphere.  While  it  has  been  im- 
possible to  obtain  the  complete  details  of  the  jealously- 
guarded  post-war  plans  of  refrigerator  manufacturers, 
enough  has  been  learned  to  provide  the  plastics  industry 
with  strong  outlines  of  its  future. 

Experts  of  E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  point  out  that 
consultations  between  refrigerator  and  plastics  manufac- 
turers have  already  resulted  in  decisions  to  produce  more 


than  50  parts  of  the  post-war  refrigerator  from  plastics 
materials.  These,  representing  a  substantial  gain  over  the 
pre-war  uses,  can  be  classified  roughly  into  the  following 
general  applications:  Main  door  parts  (panels,  insulation, 
corners  and  latches)  ;  breaker  strips;  interior  sections  (baf- 
fles, entire  trays,  tray  fronts,  freezer  compartment  fronts, 
shelf  supports,  compartment  windows  and  evaporator 
doors)  ;  electrical  (motor,  relay  and  switch  housings,  and 
wire  coverings);  finishes;  miscellaneous  (knobs,  decora- 
tions, dials,  nameplates,  clock  parts  and  handles)  ;  and,  pos- 
sibly, entire  refrigerator  bodies  of  low-pressure  laminates. 
Those  desiring  to  expand  their  work  for,  or  planning  to 
enter  this  field  will  be  interested  to  know  that  the  sale  of 
household  refrigeration  units  in  1941  totaled  3,700,000,  as 
against  965,000  for  1931,  a  quadruple  improvement  in  a 
decade.  In  the  same  period  the  average  sales  price  dropped 
from  $258  to  $161  per  unit.  To  a  considerable  extent,  this 
growth  can  be  attributed  to  the  aggressive  salesmanship 


126 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


A   compression-molded   thermosetting   9 ' /'-diameter   rimmed   disc 
used   by   Westinghcuse   as   a   means   of   regulating   temperature 


To   prevent   absorption   of   odors   by    food,    "Ads-Orbo-Dor"    may 
be  placed  in  this  temperature  change-resistant  "Lumarith"  frame 


concentrated  in  this  industry,  as  evidenced  by  the  fact  that 
out  of  1,900,000  farm  homes  able  to  buy  refrigerators,  in 
1940,  a  total  of  1,036,389  owned  them  in  that  year,  accord- 
ing to  the  U.  S.  census. 

Breaker  Strips 

The  largest  pre-war  application  for  plastics  in  refrigera- 
tors was  breaker  strips,  which  were  also  among  the  earliest 
uses  for  plastics  in  the  field.  Certain  laminated  phenolics 
were  used,  because  of  their  permanent  high-gloss  surface 
and  relatively  low  conductivity,  thus  giving  a  marked  im- 
provement over  the  wood  that  had  previously  been  used  for 
this  purpose.  The  breaker  strip  is  now  regarded  as  a  struc- 
tural member  of  the  refrigerator  cabinet,  being  attached 
directly  to  the  flanged  edges  of  the  body  shell  by  screws  or 
other  means.  Originally,  according  to  Westinghouse  Elec- 
tric and  Manufacturing  Co.,  plastics  served  in  this  appli- 
cation only  as  a  decorative  trim,  being  attached  merely  to 
the  wood  frame  members  of  the  body  and  the  door  in  such 
manner  as  to  cover  the  flanged  edges  of  the  inner  and  outer 
shells.  Engineers  soon  found,  however,  that  it  had  sufficient 
strength  to  replace  the  wood  entirely  as  a  structural  member 
between  the  liner  and  outside  shell. 

These  strips  made  history  in  the  refrigeration  field,  since 
they  demonstrated  that  plastics  could  not  only  offer  im- 
proved properties  but  also  lower  costs,  according  to  W.  M. 
Timmerman,  manager  of  engineering  refrigeration  division 
of  General  Electric  Co.  The  laminated  breaker  strip  rap- 
idly became  standard  for  the  entire  industry,  he  points  out, 
because  its  use  resulted  in  a  lower-cost  cabinet  with  greatly- 
improved  efficiency  and  durability.  Through  reduced  heat 
loss,  the  use  of  plastics  for  this  purpose  cut  the  operating 
cost  of  the  refrigerator  about  15%. 

"The  original  strips,  however,"  Mr.  Timmerman  declares, 
"while  entirely  satisfactory  as  to  cost  and  quality,  lacked 
I'peal.  In  recent  years,  white  or  pastel-colored  face 
sheets  have  been  used  to  enhance  the  appearance  of  these 
strips.  Curved  or  angular  s.-rti'.ns  offer  interesting  oppor- 
tunities to  improve  appearance." 

Al>o  offering  an  early  entree  to  plastics  in  the  refrigera- 
tion field  were  the  "bolts"  in  the  door  latch  mechanism. 
Thermosetting  materials  containing  various  fillers  were 
found  to  possess  wear  and  impact  resistance  which  made 


them  ideal  for  this  purpose.  In  addition,  there  was  no  prob- 
lem of  shock  and  wear  removing  the  protective  coating,  as 
was  the  case  when  plated  metals  were  employed.  Further, 
according  to  O.  H.  Yoxsimer,  section  engineer,  Cabinet  En- 
gineering Department  in  the  Mansfield  plant  of  the  West- 
inghouse Electric  Appliance  Division,  the  sound-absorbing 
qualities  of  the  plastics  made  the  latching  action  much 
quieter. 

R.  S.  Taylor,  chief  engineer  of  Servel,  Inc.,  points  out 
that  plastics  also  serve  in  the  latch  mechanism  for  decora- 
tive effects  on  the  handle — a  use  which  offers  considerable 
latitude  from  the  point  of  view  of  design.  Frequently,  the 
handle  is  one  of  the  few  if  not  the  only  decorative  effect  on 
the  exterior  of  the  refrigerator ;  therefore,  it  must  be  relied 
upon  heavily  to  provide  customer  eye-appeal. 

Finishes 

Refrigeration  experts  are  unanimous  in  their  praise  of 
exterior  finishes  based  on  synthetic  resins.  Not  only  have 


Various    refrigerator    parts.    Including    a    "Styron" 
one  oi  the  largest  thermoplastic  injection  moldings 


MARCH   194.") 


I' LAST  US 


127 


ics  are  used   in 

housing   for   this 

hermometer  switch 

The  General  Electric  refrigerator 
control  device  is  also  housed  in  a 
case  made  of  plastics  material 

these  resins  shown  constant  improvement,  but  they  have 
entered  the  field  with  an  "edge,"  because  of  their  natural 
properties.  Further  substantial  progress  appears  possible  in 
color  retention  and  resistance  to  grease,  moisture,  mars  and 
chipping,  according  to  Timmerman. 

In  the  field  of  refrigeration,  however,  finishes  will  find 
some  competition  from  plastics  materials  whose  color  is 
"built-in."  General  Electric's  plans  for  the  inner  surface 
of  the  main  door,  for  example,  contemplate  the  use  of  a 
solid  panel,  whose  exposed  side  should  be  white,  this  color 
to  be  integral  with  the  plastics  material. 

Taylor  points  out  that  plastics  should  either  provide  im- 
proved temperature  stability  so  as  to  permit  baking  on  of 


Another  plastics  application  is  in  the  butter  container  and  door 
landle   of    the    1942    model    GE   refrigerator    butter    conditioner 


durable  finishes  at  high  temperature,  Or  else  become  devel- 
oped to  the  point  where  they  themselves  will  be  inherently 
white  and  at  the  same  time  stable  and  low  in  cost. 

Yoxsimer  stresses  the  gains  made  since  the  early  days, 
when  soft  finishes  were  used  that  yellowed  with  age.  These, 
of  course,  have  been  replaced  by  the  harder  color-stable 
finishes  which  paint  formulators  developed  by  using  plas- 
tics base  materials.  This  has  proved  an  invaluable  boon  to 
the  housewife,  for  the  gleaming  white  appearance  so  desir- 
able in  a  refrigerator  can  be  kept  up  with  a  minimum  of 
effort  and  attention. 

Doors 

In  the  door,  the  plastics  producer  finds  one  of  the  major 
fields  for  expansion,  particularly  in  low-pressure  molding 
of  laminates.  Several  companies  have  adopted  a  laminated 
sheet  for  the  inner  side  of  the  main  door.  To  General  Elec- 
tric, this  surface  represents  "the  greatest  opportunity  for 
the  increased  use  of  plastics  in  the  refrigerator  since  the 
advent  of  the  plastics  breaker  strip."  Here,  as  pointed  out 
before,  the  color  should  be  white,  and  preferably  the  color 
of  the  plastics  itself  rather  than  that  of  an  applied  paint. 

In  1939,  Westinghouse  successfully  employed  a  laminated 
phenolic  inner-door  panel.  Shaped  Me"-thick  laminates  up 
to  33X44"  in  size  were  used  not  only  because  they  en- 
hanced the  appearance  of  the  door,  but  also  because  they 
could  serve  as  the  entire  one-piece  inner-liner  for  the  door. 

Electrical  Accessories 

The  electrical  applications  for  plastics  in  the  refrigerator 
are  the  same  as  for  electrical  units  anywhere — housings  for 
relays,  motors  and  switches,  bushings,  insulation,  sockets, 
washers,  terminal  nuts  and  wire  coverings.  Here  the  molded 
thermosetting  types  are  principally  used.  Pre-war  Formex 
wire  insulation  was  used  on  some  motors,  according  to 
Timmerman. 

Materials 

Because  they  retain  their  strength  at  low  temperatures, 
are  highly  decorative  and  dimensionally  stable,  the  acrylics 
have  found  growing  use  in  a  host  of  interior  refrigerator 
units,  such  as  knobs,  meat-keeper  windows,  dials,  door  pan- 
els, crisper  tray  panels,  vegetable  tray  fronts  and  medallions. 

Since  cleanliness,  both  in  actuality  and  appearance,  is 
vital  to  the  psychological  appeal  of  a  refrigerator,  the  trans- 
parency of  the  acrylics  has  more  than  recommended  itself. 
Transparency  combined  with  toughness  gives  visibility 
without  sacrificing  safety.  Built-in  colors  available  in  in- 
finite variety,  do  not  chip  or  fade.  Since  these  applications 
lend  themselves  to  injection  and  compression  molding,  the 
mass-production  pace  of  the  refrigerator  industry  can  easily 
be  matched  by  the  plastics  industry. 

The  "light-piping"  qualities  of  acrylics  make  possible 
their  use  for  edge-lighted  dials.  Their  low  moisture  ab- 
sorption protects  against  discoloration  and  warpage;  re- 
peated changes  from  low  to  high  temperatures  do  not  have 
harmful  effects ;  and  weight  is  at  a  minimum. 

Also  of  significance  in  interior  applications  is  cellulose 
acetate,  which  finds  use  in  control  knobs,  nameplates,  door 
corners,  shelf  hooks  and  in  many  other  spots. 

Another  material  which  offers  outstanding  qualities  to 
the  refrigeration  industry  is  polystyrene.  Chemically,  it  is 
not  attacked  by  weak  or  concentrated  acids,  except  the  ox- 
idizing acids  which  produce  a  slight  discoloration.  Alkalies 
likewise  have  no  effect.  It  is  valuable  for  refrigerator  parts 
chiefly  because  it  retains  its  strength  at  low  temperatures, 
is  highly  decorative  and  is  dimensionally  stable.  The  latter 
is  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  usually  molded  without  plas- 
ticizers,  loss  of  which  often  results  in  shrinkage  after  mold- 
(Continued  on  page  361) 


128 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  lj»-i:» 


* "•"  -  - "~ 


r  »p«clflcalion»- 


„ 


DESien  SERVICE  Co. 


your  »p«»>' 

^^^^ 


L 


3    WILLIAM    STREET  NEWARK    2.     N. 

MARKET    2-431O 

NEW  YORK  DIVISION 

120  LIBERTY  STREET  NEW   YORK  «.    N. 

BECKMAN      3-5311 


COMPllTt  OISI&H  SCfWICC 


Better  Performance  and 
More  Economical  Operation 
of  Electrical  Devices  May  Be 
Obtained  Through  the  Wise 
Use  of  Plastics  Materials 


C-.  ^J.   oLincoln 


Consulting   Engineer 


PLASTICS  materials  have  done  much  for  the  electrical 
industry  and  offer  much  more  for  the  future.  While 
they  are  not  a  cure-all,  they  do  permit  manufacturers  of 
electrical  equipment  to  turn  out  more  reliable  and  efficient 
products. 

One  of  the  first  applications  of  modern  plastics  was  the 
use  of  Bakelite  in  the  construction  of  electrical  measuring 
instruments.  That  was  about  30  years  ago.  Since  that 
time,  the  phenomenal  development  in  plastics  has  given  the 
electrical  industry  progressively  superior  insulating  mate- 
rials. With  the  many  plastics  available  and  new  ones  in 
prospect,  the  electrical  equipment  designer  must  have  a  clear 
understanding  of  their  characteristics.  A  relative  portion 
of  the  knowledge  should  also  be  had  by  the  user  of  electri- 
cal equipment,  especially  the  maintenance  and  repair  man. 

The  directory  part  of  this  issue  shows  tables  of  the  chief 
physical,  chemical  and  electrical  properties  of  the  various 
types  of  important  plastics.  Here,  however,  we  will  deal 
with  the  general  problems  of  selecting  the  proper  plastic 
material  for  insulating  and  supporting  purposes  required 
in  electrical  equipment,  appliances,  radio  and  electronic 
apparatus. 

From  a  material  standpoint,  electrical  equipment  consists 
of  a  number  of  parts,  one  of  which  is  a  conductor  and  an- 
other an  insulator,  as  is  the  case  of  an  insulated  wire.  A 
third  part  is  the  supporting  material  as  found  in  a  fuse, 
circuit  breaker  and  similar  equipment.  Other  equipment 
such  as  a  lamp  bulb,  radio  tube  or  oil  insulated  transformer 
must  have  a  containing  case.  Metals  must  be  used  for  con- 
ducting parts ;  plastics  are  available  for  insulation,  supports 
and  some  containers  or  protective  coverings.  Insulation 


presents  one  problem,  supports  another,  especially  if  they 
are  expected  to  insulate  as  well  as  support,  but  containers 
are  hardly  different  than  for  any  device  requiring  pro- 
tection. 

In  the  design  of  electrical  equipment,  size  or  cross  section 
of  conducting  parts  increases  in  proportion  to  the  current 
to  be  carried,  temperature  being  a  varying  factor.  Inas- 
much as  metals,  principally  copper,  are  used  for  conductors, 
little  will  be  said  here  of  its  characteristics.  Insulation, 
however,  presents  more  difficult  problems  containing  many 
variables,  with  experience  often  of  more  value  than  mathe- 
matics. Temperature  limitations  in  conductors  are  due  to 
temperature  limitations  of  insulating  materials.  With  rub- 
ber as  a  base,  the  conductor  temperature  is  limited  to  5O°  C 
for  the  lower  grades,  but  varnished  cambric  and  paper  will 
stand  85°  C,  and  asbestos  insulation  200°  C;  however,  their 
insulating  qualities  are  all  different.  The  resistance  of  metal 
varies  little  with  minor  changes  in  temperature;  and  this 
is  also  true  of  mineral-based  insulations,  but  is  not  true  of 
organic  insulations.  Other  variables  are  due  to  mechanical 
strains  and  moisture  either  on  the  surface  of  the  material 
or  within  its  structure.  Insulation  is  a  function  of  voltage 
and  frequency  only  when  it  is  sufficiently  high  to  cause  un- 
due heating  of  insulation,  which  in  turn  will  lower  its  resis- 
tance and  dielectric  strength. 

As  power  demands  increase,  current  values  increase  less 
rapidly  than  voltages.  Economic  considerations  require  a 
saving  in  metal,  which  means  smaller  currents  at  higher 
voltages,  until  today  we  have  reached  a  value  of  285,000 
volts  for  overhead  transmission.  Insulation,  not  conduc- 
tion, is  the  limiting  factor.  Electrical  maintenance  en- 


130 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


CUSTOM 
MOLDED 


INJECTION   .  .  .  COMPRESSION   .  .  .  TRANSFER    MOLDING 

NATIONAL  LOCK  COMPANY  has  been  a  dependable  source  of  supply  for  molded 
products  for  many  years.  Designers  and  manufacturers  of  standard  and 
custom  molded  plastic  products  for  stove,  refrigerator,  furniture,  electric 
appliance,  and  many  other  industries.  Our  experienced  engineering  staff  and 
expert  craftsmen  can  develop  and  produce  any  special  component  part  of 
your  product  in  either  Bakelite,  Durez,  Makalot,  Resinox,  Plaskon,  Tenite, 
Melamine,  Lumarith,  Plastacele,  Lucite,  or  Plexiglass,  and  other  thermosetting 
and  thermoplastic  materials.   If  you  are  planning  the  use  of  plastic  parts 
in  your  post  war  products,  it  will  be  advantageous  to  acquaint  yourself  with 
our  complete  service.  Write  or  phone  us  about  your  needs.   Our  suggestions 
and  recommendations  will  be  furnished  at  no  obligation. 


material  b*it  twiUd  (or  your  purpoM, 

10   ttr«nqth.    utility   «nd    b«*uty. 


TOOL  AND  MOLD   MAKING 


ENGINEERING 

WK*f#   tK»   cofTKt   teeh.   di» 

*r«  d«uqn*d  to  produce  MM   fob  quietly  end 


INSPECTION  AND  SHIPPING 

*tM  *wfor 
•««"ti»«ty 
.  AM  p*»H 


MOLDING 

*qu>p 

p»»it*i  *fid 


witf. 

—  >  for 
Trwittor  pUttic  mold;*?  -<xl 


We  are  also  leaders  in  the  design  and  manufacture  of  Refrigerator  Hardware,  Stove 
Hardware,  Cabinet  and  Furniture  Hardware,  Locks,  and  Screw  and  Bolt  Products. 


NATIONAL    LOCK    COMPANY 


PLASTICS  DIVISION 


ROCKFORD.  ILLINOIS 


MARCH  1945 


f»  i   t  *  T  i  r. .« 


DOW'B  polystyrene  "Styron"  possesses  the  durability  and  acid- 
resistant    properties    essential    for    use    in    battery    housings 


gineers  will  testify  that  at  least  85%  of  the  failures  in  elec- 
trical equipment  are  due  to  faulty  insulation,  but  as  more 
knowledge  is  obtained  of  both  materials  and  their  applica- 
tions, these  insulation  failures  will  decrease. 

Before  considering  insulating  materials,  especially  those 
made  of  plastics,  it  would  be  well  to  determine  their  re- 
quirements. The  important  factors  in  insulating  materials 
are  as  follows : 


Dielectric  strength 

Dielectric  loss 

Insulation  resistance 

Resistance  to  chemicals 

Resistance  to  arcing 

Melting  point 

Safe  operating  temperature 


Mechanical  strength 

Ease  of  fabrication 

Resistance  to  moisture 

Resistance  to  abrasion 

Flammability 

Stability 

Cost 


The  ideal  insulator  would  possess  extremely  high  me- 
chanical and  dielectric  strength  in  the  order  of  several 
thousand  volts  per  mil  of  thickness  and  have  negligible 
electrical  losses,  be  a  good  conductor  of  heat,  and  thorough- 
ly resist  moisture,  corrosion  from  chemicals,  and  not 
deteriorate  by  the  action  of  arcing,  heat,  oil,  ozone,  etc. 
Further,  it  would  be  easy  to  fabricate. 

The  first  requirement  of  any  insulating  material  is  to 


insulate  and  to  keep  on  insulating  under  such  varying  con- 
ditions as  changes  in  temperature,  mechanical  stress,  hu- 
midity, etc.  All  the  properties  listed  do  not  apply  to  each 
insulator  since  low  voltage  (600  or  less)  equipment  presents 
fewer  problems  than  high  voltage  equipment  does  where 
dielectric  and  insulating  properties  are  more  important. 
Wire  and  cables  probably  come  as  near  as  any  electrical 
equipment  in  requiring  consideration  of  the  complete  list. 
Radio  and  electronic  apparatus,  where  high  frequency  and 
high  voltages  are  encountered,  demand  careful  considera- 
tion of  the  dieletric  properties  of  insulating  material.  Such 
properties  are  hardly  considered  in  domestic  appliances 
where  mechanical  strength,  heat  and  water  resistance  are 
important  factors. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  electrical  industry,  wood,  glass, 
porcelain,  mica,  slate,  fiber,  wax,  paraffin,  and  hard  rubber 
were  the  chief  insulating  items.  For  insulation  where 
flexibility  was  required  rubber,  cotton,  silk,  paper,  var- 
nished cambric,  enamel,  etc.,  were  in  common  use,  and  with 
the  exception  of  wood  and  hard  rubber,  much  of  this  mate- 
rial is  still  used.  Porcelain  and  glass  are  excellent  insula- 
tors and  both  have  their  place,  especially  for  out-of-door  and 
high  voltage  service  such  as  line  insulators,  transformer 
and  switch  brushings,  potheads,  lightning  arresters,  etc. 
Slate  is  commonly  used  for  switch  and  panel  boards,  switch 
and  cutout  bases,  but  it  is  brittle  and  has  definite  limitations. 

Specifications  for  insulating  material  must  take  into  con- 
sideration the  above  item  and  others,  depending  upon  op- 
erating requirements.  Where  high  voltages  are  en- 
countered, equipment  generally  is  rugged  and  has  few  deli- 
cate parts,  but  in  very  low  voltage  equipment,  such  as  found 
in  the  communication  field,  parts  are  delicate  and  protection 
against  moisture  and  chemicals  is  more  important  than 
electrical  properties.  Some  of  the  disadvantages  of  the 
older  types  of  insulating  materials  are  as  follows : 


Wood flammable,  unstable 

Fiber unstable 

Porcelain cannot  be  machined 

Glass cannot  be  machined 

Slate heavy,  brittle,  absorbs  moisture 

Mica limited  to  sheet  form 

Hard  rubber deteriorates,  flammable 

Wax no  mechanical  strength 

Cotton flammable 

Silk..  flammable 


The  variety  of  electrical  parts  which  can  be  molded  oi  plastics  is  shown  here.    Many  contain  complex  and  delicate  inserts 


Tl 


DESIGN  WITH 


Combine  the  beauties  of  plastic  and  metal  by  Metaplatiiig  metal 
trim  on  plastic  bodies.  Metaplating,  a  patented  process  for  electro- 
plating metals  on  plastics,  makes  possible  the  patterning  of  metals 
and  plastics  inexpensively  .  .  .  only  limited  by  the  limits  of  your 
design  artist. 

The  Metaplast  process  is  available  to  manufactu- 
rers either  by  direct  license  or  through  job  shop 
licensees. 


METAL 


MARCH   194:. 


C/\    aj    n   A    M   V        2O5  We»» I9fh  s»r»«« 
U     IYI     K    A     I  M.W  y^fc  n,  n.  y. 

Metoplost     Procesi    Patented    and     Licensed 

PLATING       ON        PLASTICS 

PLASTICS  133 


The  switch  housings  were  molded  from  FM-1  nylon.  Below  these 
are  electrode  holders  with  impact-  and  heat-resistant  "Bakelite" 
tips.  The  plugs  and  plates  are  oi  urea;  connectors  of  "Durez" 


While  these  insulating  materials  served  the  electrical  in- 
dustry for  many  years,  their  limiting  factors  did  not  meet 
the  exacting  requirements  of  modern  electrical  apparatus, 
especially  in  the  radio  and  electronic  fields.  Where  mech- 
anical strength  was  required  metal  was  often  used  with 
insulating  bushings  protecting  conducting  parts.  In  the 
construction  of  wiring  devices  such  as  sockets,  switches, 
outlets,  etc.  porcelain  was  extensively  used,  though  it  lacked 
mechanical  strength  and  was  subject  to  much  breakage. 

Today  we  have  plastics  far  superior  to  any  of  the  older 
insulations.  Besides  being  used  alone,  they  have  also,  in 
combination,  improved  some  of  the  original  materials,  so 
that  they  are  now  used  even  more  extensively  than  they 
were  heretofore.  This  is  especially  true  of  mica,  probably 
the  most  valuable  insulating  material  in  general  use. 

Laminations  of  paper  or  cloth  backing  bonded  with 
shellac,  asphalt  or  synthetic  resins  make  possible  flexible 
mica,  tape,  coil  wrappers  and  tubes.  For  hot  or  cold  mold- 
ing, white  mica  may  be  bonded  with  a  thermoplastic  mate- 
rial. Mica  can  be  used  in  conjunction  with  other  insulat- 
ing materials  such  as  fish  paper,  rope  paper  or  kraft  paper 
for  sheet  insulation  or  for  special  purposes. 

Before  considering  the  requirements  of  insulating  mate- 
rials from  an  electrical  standpoint,  the  subject  may  be 


Propeller  slip-ring  brush  cap  containing   13   metal   inserts, 
transfer-molded    for    Curtiss-Wright    by    Plastic    Mfrs.,    Inc. 


simplified  by  considering  equipment  according  to  its  prin- 
ciple of  operation  and  use,  classified  as  follows : 

Conductors,  wires  and  cables 

Magnet  wire 

Wiring  devices  and  fittings 

Magnetic  devices 

Heating  devices 

Electrochemical  devices 

Electronic  devices 

Insulating  materials  used  in  the  construction  of  equip 
ment  based  on  the  above  principles  require  many  differen 
properties. 

Wire  and  Cable  Insulation 

Space  limitations  does  not  permit  a  detailed  discussion  o 
flexible  insulation  for  wires  and  cables.  Except  for  use 
with  low  voltages,  no  single  material  will  act  as  both  insula 
tion  and  protective  covering.  Natural  rubber  is  a  good  in 
sulator,  but  it  requires  mechanical  protection,  as  it  is  affect 
ed  by  oil,  high  temperatures,  ozone,  and  it  absorbs  moisture 
However,  for  low  voltage  service,  it  has  given  excellen 
service  and  will  probably  continue  to  be  used  until  a  syn 
thetic  material  has  been  developed  at  equal  or  lower  cost 
Of  the  several  plastics  available,  not  requiring  natural  rub 
ber  in  their  composition,  two  are  extensively  used — Koro 
seal  and  Vinylite.  These  have  satisfactory  physical  an< 
mechanical  properties  over  a  fairly  broad  temperature 
range,  are  not  affected  by  sunlight  or  ozone,  have  moistun 
resistance  equal  to  that  of  good  rubber  insulation,  are  re 
sistant  to  most  acids,  alkalis,  other  chemicals,  vegetable  an< 
mineral  oils,  have  excellent  stability  and  aging  at  norma 
and  recommended  operating  temperatures,  and  are  non 
flammable.  However,  they  are  not  equal  to  high-grad< 
rubber  in  that  they  flow  with  heat  and  harden  with  lovi 
temperatures. 

For  severe  service  and  where  insulating  material  canno 
both  insulate  and  protect  a  conductor,  a  protective  cover 
ing  is  required.  For  this  purpose  Neoprene  is  extensive!; 
used.  Neoprene  is  thermosetting — it  must  be  heated  fo 
cure  just  as  heating  is  used  to  vulcanize  rubber.  In  man; 
respects  Neoprene  has  proved  superior  to  the  best  rubbe 
compounds.  A  few  of  its  desirable  points  are  that  it  re 
sists  attacks  of  oil  and  most  chemicals,  is  not  affected  b; 
long  exposure  to  wet  conditions,  it  has  good  ozone  resis 
tance,  slow  deterioration  in  sunlight,  excellent  aging  an< 
stability  at  room  and  operating  temperatures  recommende 
for  rubber  compounds,  and  it  will  not  support  the  growth  o 
fungus  spores;  it  is  both  fungus  and  mildew  resistant. 

However,  Neoprene,  having  a  low  dielectric  strength 


134 


PLASTICS 


FORMED  FROM  A  FLAT  SHEET 
IN  LESS  THAN  2  MINUTES 


vv  \v 
v\\  \\\ 


TAY  LO  R        P  H  E  NO  LAST I C        FIBRE 

'METHOD  by  which  ordinary  sheets/of  fully-cured  Phenol  Fibre  ar>  re-heated  and 
led  into  various  shapes  is/a  new  development  to  which  users  of  Laminated  Plastics  are 
ling  with  ever-increasing  interest.  Now,  Taylor  engineers,  wWking  in  the  new  Taylor 
Research  Laboratory,  have  developed  &  special  fibre  which  forms  better  and  easier  than 
standard  grades  of  Phenol  Fibre.  This  new  development  is  called  Taylor  Phenoiastic 
Fibre  —  a  Phenol  Fibre  with  special,  elastic  qualities.  This  new  product  has  many  advantages. 
Unlike  metal,  Phenfolastic  Fibre  is  not  reduced  in  section  at  the  maximum  point  of  drav 
Shapes  involving  compound  curves  and  comparatively  deep  draws  Vre  easily  made  with 
no  sacrifice  in/uie  strength  of  the  material.  Send  us  the  facts  about  your  product  and  our 
engineers  win  gladly  tell  you  whether/ it  can  be  made  easier  or  better  or\more  economically 
with  TayWr  Phenoiastic  Fibre. 


COACPA.NT1T 


LAMINATED   PLASTICS:  PHENOL  FIBRE  •  VULCANIZED  FIBRE  •  Sheets,  Rods,  Tubes,  and  Fabricated  Parts 

NORRISTOWN,  PENNSYLVANIA  .  OFFICES  IN  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  .  PACIFIC  COAST  HEADQUARTERS:  544  8.  SAN  PEDRO  ST..  LOS  ANOELES 


4  it  t    i  i      1  f\  i 


Shatter-resistant  "Lumarith" 
has  replaced  glass  in  the  win- 
dows of  this  circuit-breaker 


Variety  is  the  keynote  of  these  plastic  applications:  Cellu- 
lose acetate  for  bobbins  which  wind  relay,  speaker  field  and 
choke  coils;  fabric-base  "Synthane",  made  with  "Bakelite"  lam- 
inating varnish,  for  the  housing  of  an  automatic,  foulproof 
aircraft  antenna  reel;  and  the  housing  for  a  portable  radio 


not  a  good  insulator.  Used  as  a  protective  covering,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  can  be  buried  in  the  ground,  something  new 
for  the  electrician  as  heretofore  lead  covering  was  standard 
practice.  Lead  covered  cables  subject  to  corrosion  may  be 
protected  by  a  Neoprene  covering.  Another  advantage  of 
plastics  insulation  on  conductors  is  in  the  reduction  of  the 
outside  diameter  for  the  so-called  building  wires.  Such 
a  reduction  means  that  more  wires  can  be  placed  in  a 
given  size  conduit. 

New  Type  Wire  Coverings 

Another  important  plastics,  Polyethylene  or  Polythene, 
is  now  insulating  conductors  required  in  transmitting  the 
ultra-high  frequency  currents  used  in  radio  and  electronic 
circuits.  This  insulation  has  a  power  factor  of  0.0002- 
0.0003  and  a  dielectric  constant  of  2.2-2.3  over  a  range  of 
frequencies  up  to  10  "  cycles.  These  properties  remain  con- 
stant over  a  wide  range  of  frequencies  and  the  dielectric 
constant  changes  little  over  temperature  range  from  —  50° 
F  to  220*  F.  Due  to  its  low  moisture  absorption,  its  electri- 
cal properties  are  little  affected  by  changes  in  humidity  or 
immersion  in  water.  Another  advantage  is  its  light  weight, 
which  has  made  it  possible  for  Signal  Corps  personnel  to 
carry  longer  coils  of  wire.  As  a  military  communication 
wire,  its  good  electrical  properties  lengthen  reception  range. 

The  material  is  now  almost  wholly  designated  for  war 
use,  but  post-war,  it  has  possibilities  of  being  used  for  in- 
sulating undersea  electrical  cable. 

The  material  is  reported  to  be  fungus-resistant  and  it  is 
not  attacked  by  salt  water.  At  present  its  use  as  an  insula- 
tion on  submarine  cable,  and  in  other  applications  where 
contact  with  salt  water  has  deleterious  effects  on  other  ma- 
terials, is  being  investigated.  Protective  coatings  for  metal 
parts  which  corrode  in  salt  water  also  are  being  studied. 
Polythene  has  very  largely  replaced  all  other  materials  in 
the  insulation  of  military  wires  for  high-frequency  use.  Fur- 
thermore, its  good  resistance  to  chemicals  points  to  its 
utility  in  chemical  equipment  as  a  coating  and  gasketing 
material. 

Enamel  covered  wire,  used  for  many  years,  has  physical 
limitations  that  necessitate,  in  many  applications,  the  use 
of  protective  coverings,  such  as  cotton,  paper  and  silk  or 
combinations.  These  coverings  partially  compensate  for 
the  physical  limitations  of  the  enamel  film.  They,  in  turn, 
because  of  the  space  they  take  up,  increase  the  size — and 
hence  the  cost — of  finished  apparatus. 

In  addition  to  excellent  electrical  characteristics,  syn- 
thetic resin  insulation  of  the  vinylacetal  type  has  outstand- 
ing mechanical  properties.  It  is  remarkably  strong,  tough 
and  flexible  and  needs  no  additional  protective  covering.  It 
thus  has  many  advantages — its  first  cost  is  generally  lower 
than  that  of  fabric-covered  enamel  wire;  it  is  smaller  and 
thus  allows  the  use  of  the  same  amount  of  copper  in  less 
space  or  more  copper  in  the  same  space;  it  permits  higher 
winding  speed  with  fewer  rejections;  it  saves  on  varnish 
treatment;  and  under  severe  conditions  it  will  last  much 
longer. 

Much  research  is  being  done  on  the  subject  of  plastics  ap- 
plications to  magnet  wire  by  plastics  materials  manufac- 
turers working  in  cooperation  with  wire  manufacturers. 
The  nylons,  which  are  strictly  non-corrosive,  will  be  more 
extensively  used  for  magnet  wire  covering  when  they  be- 
come commercially  available  in  quantity.  The  question  of 
cost  seems  to  be  a  limiting  factor  but  the  future  holds  high 
hopes. 

Wiring  devices  and  fittings,  including  switches,  outlets, 
etc.,  were  originally  made  of  porcelain.  These  were  ex- 
tremely brittle,  but  they  did  possess  electrical  properties 
beyond  the  requirements  for  such  low  voltages  as  120  to 
240.  Although  some  porcelain  still  is  used,  the  bodies  of 


136 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


OUTPUT  INCREASED  500% 
ftr  ELECTRONIC  PREHEATING 


How  Kurz-Kasch  Cut  Rejects, 
Shortened  Operational  Time, 
on  Intricate  Molded  Piece 


•'  In  July  1943,  Kurz-Kasch  was  called  upon  to  deliver  a 
large  quantity  of  high-priority  molded  pieces  in  a  matter 
of  a  few  weeks.  Because  the  piece  was  extremely  difficult  to 
mold,  rejects  ran  as  high  as  65%,  and  production  of  the 
required  quantity  seemed  impossible  to  achieve  in  the 
time  available. 

Electronic  Preheating  Used:  Kurz-Kasch  then  made  tests 
with  electronic  preheating.  This  method  proved  so  success- 
ful that  four  RCA  2000-watt  electronic  generators  were 
installed. 

In  actual  practice,  electronic  preheating  cut  overall 
operational  time  by  50% ;  thus,  with  no  rejects,  output 
would  have  doubled.  But  the  reduction  in  rejects  brought 
the  total  usable  output  to  nearly  5  times  its  former 
amount!  The  high  production  schedule  was  met  with  ease. 

Job  Details:  The  preform  used  in  this  molding  job  was  of 
Melmac  *592;  weighed  370  grams;  measured  4  inches 
across  and  IVi  inches  thick.  Preheating  time,  45  to  50 
seconds.  A  large  number  of  metal  inserts  were  included 
in  the  piece. 

Another  Kurz-Kasch  Application:  In  the  molding  of  an 
Ignition  system  part,  two  preform  pills  of  Melmac  #592 
weighing  520  grams  (total)  were  heated  to  supply  the  dual 
molds  in  each  of  three  presses.  Preform  heating  time  was 
approximately  one  minute.  In  this  case,  one  2000-watt 
generator  doubled  the  output  of  three  presses  (including 
thirty  men)  and  reduced  the  number  of  rejects  from  about 
60%  to  about  10%  I 

RCA  ELECTRONIC   HEAT 


RADIO  CORPORATION 
HER1 


tCA  VICTOI   DO 


:AMDIN, 


Here's  the  new  RCA  2000-watt  electronic  generator  de- 
signed especially  for  the  plastics  industry.  One  pound  of 
molding  material  can  be  thoroughly  preheated  to  275  "F.  in 
about  40  seconds.  Note  convenience  of  operation:  preform 
is  placed  on  electrode  and  cover  closed.  Timing  and  cover 
opening  are  automatic. 


Have  You  Investigated  electronic  heating  for  your  plant? 
RCA  engineers  have  prepared  a  simple  form  which  will 
help  you  outline  possible  applications  to  them  for  recom- 
mendations. There  is  no  charge  for  this  engineering  ser- 
vice. Send  the  coupon  for  a  copy  of  "Engineering  Data 
Form  P"  and  for  additional  information  about  Improving 
plastics  molding  electronically.  Equipment  is  available  now 
on  priority.  Address:  Radio  Corporation  of  America,  Elec- 
tronic Apparatus  Section,  Box  70-i03S,Camden,  N.  J. 

HOW  CAN  ELECTRONIC  HEAT  HELP  YOU?  — i 

RCA,  Electronic  Apparatus  Section,  Bo*  70-103S,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Please  send  me  free  "Engineering  Dat*  Form  P"  which  will 
help  RCA  engineers  recommend  equipment  to  Improve  my 
molding  operations;  also  "Electronic  Heat  Speeds  Plastic 

Molding." 


Nam* 


Company- - 

Street 

City..  Z»n«         -    .State. 


MARCH   l«Ur, 


PLASTICS 


the  devices  in  which  they  are  used,  are  almost  entirely  of 
molded  phenolics.  Plastics  are  now  being  used  for  small 
outlet  boxes  replacing  porcelain  types  used  with  non-metal- 
lic wiring  systems. 

Phenolics  are  not  confined  to  the  smaller  domestic  ana  in- 
dustrial switches  they  are  also  used  on  heavy  duty  oil 
switches  where  the  operating  rods  previously  were  made  of 
hard  wood.  In  fact  this  entire  field  of  switching,  control 
and  protective  equipment  can  be  made  completely  of  plas- 
tics, except  for  conducting  parts. 

Magnetically  operated  devices,  as  their  name  implies,  re- 
quire an  electro-magnetic  in  one  form  or  another.  With 
the  exception  of  motors,  generators,  and  some  types  of  volt- 
age regulators,  etc.,  practically  all  electro-magnets  are  of 
the  spool  or  bobbin  type,  varying  in  size  from  a  fraction  of 
an  ounce  to  several  hundred  pounds.  Such  magnets  are 
wound  as  independent  units  and  later  mounted  on  a  relay, 
contactor,  circuit  breaker  or  other  device.  Some  are  wound 
in  spools  while  others  are  formed  or  held  in  place  by  in- 
sulating tape.  Practically  all  of  them  operate  on  voltages  of 
less  than  600  so  that  the  electrical  requirements  for  insulat- 
ing material  are  not  too  exacting.  Resistance  to  heat  and 
corrosion  are  next  important  to  electrical  qualities  for  in- 
sulation, and  it  is  here  that  plastics  offer  a  safer  medium 
than  the  cotton  or  silk  formerly  used.  Starting  with  a  non- 
corrosive  spool,  tougher  tape,  and  better  covered  magnet 
wire  previously  mentioned,  magnet  coils  will  be  less  sub- 
ject to  failure  and  have  longer  life.  Cellulose-acetate  is  al- 
ready being  used  for  spools  and  tapes  and  for  insulating 
the  basic  magnet  wire  itself.  Phenolics  have  long  been  used 


Fuse  cutout  door  molded  of  "Durez"  phenolic, 
designed  to  make  the  fuses  easily  accessible 

In   this   200  amp  aircraft   generator,  magnet  wire,   ground   insula- 
tion, coil  wrapper  tape  and  tying  cord  are  all   of   "Fiberglas" 


for  spools  and  have  proved  satisfactory.  To  further  insu- 
late and  protect  a  magnet  coil,  it  is  impregnated  with  some 
protective  varnish.  It  is  here  again  that  synthetic  materials 
will  provide  even  greater  protection.  Magnet  coils  are  used 
in  transformers,  but  in  most  cases  (particularly  on  high 
voltage  circuits)  they  are  immersed  in  oil  both  to  increase 
their  dielectric  strength  and  to  assist  in  cooling.  Additional 
insulating  materials  are  used  between  the  coil  and  the  core 
as  well  as  between  the  coils  themselves.  These  insulating 
barriers  are  usually  of  pressboard  and  laminated  phenolic. 
Laminated  materials  are  also  used  for  coil  supports,  tubular 
barriers,  and  other  structural  insulating  parts.  Terminal 
blocks  and  tap  changes  are  often  made  of  molded  resins. 

Another  type  of  magnet  coil  is  used  in  the  windings  of 
motor  and  generator  stators  and  armatures  and  also  in  the 
revolving  fields  of  high  speed  turbo-generators.  Here  again 
the  insulation  of  the  conductor  (magnet  wire  is  also  used  for 
such  service)  comes  first  and  the  coils  are  tightly  bound 
with  insulating  tapes.  Before  these  coils  are  placed  in  the 
stator,  armature  or  field  slots,  such  slots  are  often  lined  with 
pressboard  for  mechanical  protection  and  further  insulating 
requirements.  Here  again  phenolic  varnishes  are  used  for 
binding,  insulating  and  protection  purposes. 

There  are  many  devices  using  electrically  produced  heat 
ranging  all  the  way  from  large  arc  melting  furnaces  to  small 
heaters.  Insulating  material  used  in  the  construction  of 
such  equipment  must  have  high  mechanical  strength,  heat 
and  water  resistance  with  medium  electrical  properties  as 
voltages  are  low.  Where  operating  temperatures  are  ex- 
tremely high  (red  heat)  mica  and  porcelain  meet  the  re- 


Material 


COMPARATIVE   PROPERTIES   OF  ELECTRICAL   INSULATING   MATERIALS 

Specific  Tensile  Dielectric  Power  Factor 


Machinability 


(psi) 

60  C 

1  Ke 

1   Me 

Cellulose  acetate  
Cellulose  nitrate  
Glass  Pyrex 

1.3  
1.35  
225 

.  .  .  .3500-10,000.  .  .  . 
.  .  .  .5000-10,000..  . 

3.5-6.4..  . 
6.7-7.3..  . 
4.5... 

.    .01-.06... 
.  .  .    .06-.15.  .  . 

.  ..   .01-.06.. 
.  '  £.'.'.'.'.'. 

01-.05.... 
07-.10  
2  

.  .Excellent 
.  .Excellent 
.  .  None 

1  15 

4000-7000 

2-3.. 

.1    

.  ..1  

S-.9  

.  .  Fair 

Mica 

2.8 

7.0-7.3.  . 

.  .  .    .03  

.  .  .   .02  

...  .02  

.  .  Poor 

35 

6000-8000 

6-8 

.6  

3  

Poor 

Phenol-formaldehyde 
Pure  
Wood  Filler.  . 

1.28  
1.25-1.5     . 

....6000-9000  
4000-11,000 

..  ..5-6  
..5-12  

.  .  .   .05-.1  .... 
.  .  .   .04-.3  

.  .      .02-06.  . 
...   .04-.  15.. 

02-.04  
03-.1  

.  .Good 
.  .  Good 

Mineral  filler  
Fabric  filler  
Polymethyl  methocrylate  
Polystyrene  
Porcelain  (dry  process)  
Quartz  (fused)  
Slate 

1.6-2.0.  .  .  . 
1.3-1.4  
1.19  
1.05  
2.3  
2.21  
2.8 

4000-10,000  
....6500-8000  
....7000-9000  
6000-7000  
2000-3000  
7000-10,000  
5000 

.  .  .  .5-20  
....5-10  
.    ..3.5  
2.6  
.  .  .  .6.2-7.5.  .  . 
4.2  
6-8 

.  ..   .1-.3  
.  ..   .08-.3...  . 
.  ..   .06  
.  ..   .02  
.  .  .2  
.  .    .03  

...   .1-.2.... 
.  ..    .08-.2... 
.  .  .    .06  
.  .    .02  
.  .  .1  
.    .03  
.    .9  

005-.1  .... 
04-.1  
025  
02  
1  
03  

.  .  Fair 
.  .  Good 
.  .  Good 
.  .Good 
.  .Very  Poor 
.  .Very  Poor 
.  .  Fair 

Styramic  

1.36  

3000-3500  

2.6  

...  .04  (300  Kc)  . 

.  .Excellent 

138 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


UNDER  ONE  ROOF 


METAL-PLASTICS 


If  you're  got  a  metal-plastics  job  that's 
worrying  you,  we  inrite  you  In  talk  it 
orer    ifith    u».       The    prohabililiet    nrr 
that     trf    can     get     togetlirr     tin     >innr 
thought*  that  may  help  you.    If  <    don't 
know    all    the    anatcert,    but    lornr    <>/ 
our  friend*  and  cuttomer*  tell  iif  •• 
fame  up  ifith   some  pretty   giimi 
for  them.     Call  or  write  in  today. 


VERYBODY'S    l.u-in,  -   is  nobody's  business 
and    nothing    contributes    so    much    toward 
passing    the    buck*'    than    divided 
responsibility. 

Here  at  leaner  your  requirements  may  be  placed 
under  our  roof — with  one  organization  responsible 
for  the  complete  job. 

From  l>;i-i<-  design  and  engineering,  through 
tool  and  mold  making  to  molding  the  finished 
.product  Lancers  are  "in  there  to  pitch."  They 
know  that  their  individual  responsibilities — 
whether  it  be  the  selection  of  materials  .  .  .  over  the 
drawing  board  .  .  .  tooling  the  mold  or  weighing 
out  a  batch — are  the  responsibility  of  the  organi- 
zation. They  are  under  one  roof  .  .  .  they've  got 
to  live  together.  And  they're  doing  it  here  at  Lancr 
to  the  satisfaction  of  those  with  whom  we  do  busi- 
ness. And  that's  what  really  counU  in  the  end. 


LANCE 


Manufacturing 
Company 

FIFTH    and    COURTLAND    <  TREETS    •    PHILADELPHIA  40,   PENNA. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


139 


as. 


Acid-proof,  tough  vinyl  "Amphenol",  used  for  transparent  conduit,  offers  flexibility  not  possessed  by  its  zinc  predecessor 


The  use  of  "Vinylite"  for  insulation  on  various 
type*  oi  wiring  required  throughout  telegraphic 
installations  has  become  an  established  practice 


quirements.  Heat  resistant  phenol  ics  meet  the  requiremei 
for  heating  equipment  better  than  any  other  product  I 
have  very  definite  limitations.  In  the  electro-chemical  fi< 
resistance  to  chemicals  and  mechanical  strength  are  prii 
considerations  following  reasonable  electrical  properties, 
this  field,  plastics  have  to  compete  with  lead,  glass,  sla 
porcelain  and  similar  materials  and  do  not  offer  much  coi 
petition. 

Polystyrene  is  used  for  storage  battery  jars  and  other  a< 
and  alkali  containers. 

While  plastics  mean  much  to  the  electrical  industry  as 
insulating,  supporting  and  housing  material,  the  plastic  i 
dustry  itself  offers  many  uses  for  electricity  in  addition 
light,  heat  and  power.  One  that  gives  great  promise 
radio-frequency,  electronic  or  dielectric  heating  as  it  is  oft 
called.  Most  plastics  are  relatively  poor  conductors  of  h« 
and  it  has  been  difficult  to  heat  quickly,  thoroughly  and  ui 
formally  a  mass  of  plastics  compound  or  laminated  assemb 
by  external  heating  methods.  Dielectric  heating  is  us 
only  with  insulating  material  which  is  placed  between  tv 
electrodes,  heating  the  material  by  inducing  a  current 
high  voltage  and  ultra  high  frequency  within  its  structut 
Such  heating  is  not  only  uniform  but  is  far  quicker  than  e: 
ternal  heating.  Some  materials  heat  quicker  than  othe 
because  of  differences  in  dielectric  properties.  The  mat 
rial  that  heats  more  readily,  the  greater  its  dielectric  los 
and  the  harder  it  is  to  heat,  the  less  its  dielectric  loss.  Whi 
quick  heating  is  desired  when  molding  or  forming,  it  is  n 
desired  of  a  good  insulator.  Therefore,  insulating  materi 
having  a  low  dielectric  loss  is  necessary  for  use  on  hig 
voltage  and  high  frequency  circuits  which  are  required  ; 
the  radio  and  electronic  industry. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  branch  of  the  electrical  industry  hi 
benefited  more  than  the  radio  and  electronic  fields  throug 
the  use  of  plastics.  Excellent  electrical  properties  are  high! 
essential  and  cellulose-acetate  and  polystyrene  have  mi 
most  of  the  electric  and  mechanical  properties,  arcing  n 
(Continued  on  page  354) 


140 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  194 


*  LAM/NATED     PLAST/CS    * 


AVTEX  CAN  BE  MOLDED  IN  VARIOUS  SHAPES 
OR  AVAILABLE  IN  FLAT  SHEETS 

AVTEX  is  a  laminated  plastic  developed  in  war  time.  At  present  its  use 
is  restricted  to  high  priority  war  business  because  of  the  ma- 
terials and  processes  used  in  its  construction. 

AVTEX  has  many  unusual  physical  properties  which  may  be  utilized 
to  meet  specific  requirements. 

-  Materials  used,  in  proportion  to  their  weight,  provide  ex- 
ceptional strength. 

—  Combinations  of  cotton  fibre  and  resin,  or  combinations  of 
wood,  cotton  fibre  and  resin, — which  by  exclusive  proc- 
esses, produce  strength  in  all  directions  or  in  any  one 
direction  as  desired. 

• 

-  Low  moisture  absorption. 

-  Some  materials  can  be  constructed  with  glueable  surfaces. 

—  Certain  materials  may  be  machined. 

-Can  be  molded  in  various  shapes  or  available  in  flat 
sheets. 

AVTEX  characteristics  may  be  advantageous  in  the  planning  of  your 
Post  War  Products.  Inquiries  concerning  your  specific  require- 
ments will  be  welcomed  and  should  be  addressed  to  Plastics 
Department, 

HOOD    RUBBER    COMPANY 

A    DIVISION   OF   THE   B.    F.    GOODRICH    COMPANY 


WATERTOWN    72 


MASSACHUSETTS 


MARCH  1945 


FLASTICS 


141 


Two  applications  ol  woven  Saran  filaments  are 
seen  in  this  chair  and  window  screening.  The 
tough  Dow  material  will  not  rust  or  mold  in 
weather  extremes,  making  it  ideal  for  screen- 
ing; and  it  is  easily  cleaned  with  soap  and  water 


. 


The  Lumarith  used  in  the  construction  of  the  identification  booklet  is 

iTTtnftnrimm   tn   lirmrf    rrHH*   pmH    nronna     nrtd    ahmilH    fha    InHtvlHtinl 


Another  use  oi  Lumarith  is  in  this  molded 
tooth  nowder  discenser  which  was  desianed 


100  layers  per  inch  ol  Fibreglas  cloth  .007  inch  thick 
are  combined  with  a  special  arc-resistant  melamine 
resin  to  make  this  panel  board  for  mounting  the  600  amp. 
circuit  breaker  used  on  fighting  craft  of  the  U.  S.  Navy 


Tenite  stands  on  these  pencil  sharpeners  replace 
die-cast  metals  previously  used.  Molded  in  many 
colors,  these  stands  are  more  attractive,  and 
stronger  because  ol  their  new  rib  type  construction 


Assuring  shockproof  conditions  under  which  ammuni- 
tion and  supplies  often  are  landed  from  planes,  this 
supply  container  bonded  with  American  Cyanamld  s 
Laminae,  operates  on  the  maple  seed  pod  principle. 


Color  by  Dip-Dye 

(Continued  from  page  88) 

however,  it  has  been  found  that  by  the  proper  choice  of 
dyestuffs  and  other  ingredients,  it  is  possible  to  dip-dye  most 
solid  non-metallic  materials  in  much  the  same  manner  as 
now  used  on  fabrics. 

The  technique  of  coloring  plastics  from  the  standpoint  of 
dip-dyeing  is  the  subject  of  this  paper,  which  will  not  at- 
tempt to  cover  completely  the  entire  scope  of  dyeing  plastics. 

Co/or  Classification 

It  is  most  desirable  to  have  a  system  for  distinguishing 
and  comparing  colors,  and  there  are  several  main  systems 
now  in  use.  One  is  based  upon  the  spectral  character- 
istics of  the  color;  this  system  is  used  by  the  physicist. 
The  other  system  is  based  on  the  actual  psychological  sen- 
sation that  color  wave  motion  has  upon  the  eye.  These  lat- 
ter sensations  have  been  classified  as  to  hue,  value  (degree 
of  tint),  and  purity  (brightness)  by  Munsell  4  and  is  called 
the  Munsell  System  of  Color  Classification. 

According  to  the  wave  theory,  light  is  expressed  in  terms 
of  wave  motion.  These  waves  may  be  of  different  lengths 
and  as  a  result  will  cause  a  different  sensation  on  the  eye. 
For  instance,  white  light  contains  waves  of  every  length 
between  certain  limits. 

The  unit  commonly  used  for  expressing  wave  lengths  is 
the  millimicron.  In  these  terms,  various  colors  have  been 
assigned  different  ranges  of  wave  lengths  such  as: 

Wove  Length 
Color  Millimicron! 

Bfc»« 450-500 

Green 500-570 

Yellow 570-590 

Orange 590-61  0 

Red 610-700 

When  viewed  through  a  spectrophotometer,  a  colored  ob- 
ject can  be  separated  into  its  component  colors.  These 
values  are  usually  recorded  in  the  form  of  a  curve,  as  illus  • 
trated  in  Fig.  1. 

Study  of  this  curve  shows  that  the  majority  of  light  is 
transmitted  in  the  blue  and  green  range  with  some  in  the 
red.  This  means  that  the  color  is  bluish-green  with  a  slight 
red  tint. 

Further  and  detailed  explanation  here  of  this  method  of 
color  analysis  is  not  deemed  necessary,  but  an  exact  repro- 
duction of  a  definite  color  can  be  made  by  plotting  the  den- 
sity of  wave  motion  against  the  wave  length.  This  method, 


H  OTCB        / 

ACHVLiTy 


7 


however,  is  cumbersome  and  requires  expensive  apparatus 
which  most  laboratories  do  not  have.  A  simpler  system 
is  necessary  and  desirable  for  reproducing  colors.  Such  a 
system  is  the  Munsell  Color  System  which  is  described  in 
the  Munsell  Book  of  Color.* 

The  Munsell  Co/or  System 

In  1901  an  American  artist  named  Munsell  formulated 
the  following  system  for  designating  colors. 

He  divided  the  visible  spectrum  into  five  major  colors 
(called  hues)  namely;  red,  yellow,  green,  blue,  purple. 
These  in  turn  are  divided  into  five  intermediate  colors  which 
are  called  yellow-red,  green-yellow,  blue-green,  purple-blue, 


«oo  too  too  ro< 

KUWELENSTH       (MULMKIIOM) 

Fig.  1.   The  spectral  transmission  of  green-dyed  acrylic  sheet 


Fig.  2.   Munsell  designation  for  hues  of  the  visible  spectrum 

and  red-purple.  These  colors  can  be  visually  related  to  one 
another  by  placing  them  in  a  circular  band  as  indicated  in 
Fig.  2? 

In  writing  these  color  notations,  the  hues  are  abbreviated 
by  using  the  initial  letter  of  the  color  such  as  R  for  red,  B 
for  blue,  BG  for  blue-green,  etc.  To  further  express  inter- 
mediate hues,  each  of  the  ten  already  mentioned  are  again 
subdivided  into  ten  equal  parts  which  gives  100  variations 
of  the  principal  colors.  This  is  indicated  by  Fig.  6*: 

To  specify  a  definite  hue,  it  is  therefore  only  necessary  to 
give  the  number  and  the  letters  for  that  particular  color. 
For  example,  a  hue  between  YR  and  YR-Y  may  be  given  as 
8  YR  (the  major  hues  always  are  expressed  as  5  R,  5  YR 
etc.). 

The  second  Munsell  dimension  is  called  value  and  ex- 
presses the  lightness  or  darkness  of  a  color.  This  may 
range  from  the  extreme  darkness  of  black  to  the  extreme 
lightness  of  a  white  color.  The  value  may  be  evaluated 
visually  by  considering  a  vertical  scale  upon  which  has  been 
marked  10  graduations.  The  bottom  graduation  is  black 
and  is  defined  as  having  a  zero  value  while  the  top  or  white 
graduation  has  a  value  of  10,  as  shown  in  Fig.  4  6 : 

Take  as  an  example  a  hue  such  as  maroon  which  is  a 
dark  red.  This  is  identified  as  R2  since  it  is  very  close  to 
black.  A  pink  color  is  light  red  and  so  may  be  defined  as 
being  R7. 

We  have  now  defined  two  properties  of  a  color,  i.e.,  the 
hue  and  value.  There  is  still  a  third,  called  the  chroma  and 
defined  as  being  an  expression  of  the  strength  or  weakness 
of  a  color.  As  an  example,  a  brick  and  a  rose  may  both  be 
light  red,  and  yet  they  both  are  distinctively  different  in 
character.  Even  though  both  may  have  the  same  value,  the 
rose  appears  to  be  strong  in  color,  while  the  brick  is  weaker 
and  has  more  grey. 

This  characteristic  of  color  is  conveniently  explained  in 
connection  with  the  hue  and  value  scales  as  shown  in  Fig.  3. 


144 


PLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


March  1,  1945 

O  PROSPECTIVE  BUYERS 
OF  MOULDED  PLASTIC  PARTS: 

GENTLEMEN: 

WE  ARE  LIMITED  TO  THE  AMOUNT  OF  WORK 
WE  CAN  TAKE  ON  FOR  THE  DURATION  OF  THE 
WAR  DUE  TO  CONDITIONS  OVER  WHICH  WE  HAVE 
NO  CONTROL,  BUT  WILL  BE  PLEASED  TO  ANSWER 
ANY  QUESTIONS  YOU  MAY  HAVE  TO  ASK  PERTAIN- 
ING TO  MOULDED  PLASTICS  AND  OFFER  SUGGES- 
TIONS THAT  MAY  BE  OF  HELP  IF  YOU  ARE  DESIGN- 
ING NEW  PARTS  OR  REVISING  DESIGNS  ON  PARTS 
YOU  ARE  NOW  HAVING  MADE. 

VERY  TRULY  YOURS, 

T.  F.  BUTTERFIELD,  INC. 


/ 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


145 


Fig.  3.   Diagram  showing  hue.  value  and  chroma 


(WHITE) 


At  the  pole  with  a  chroma  rating 
of  1  the  color  is  of  itself  colorless,  and 
is  pure  grey.  Following  the  arrow 
away  from  the  center  pole,  the  chroma 
number  increases  and  the  color  be- 
comes stronger,  losing  grey  until  it 
reaches  its  maximum  strength.  These 
arrows  may  be  considered  as  extend- 
ing through  each  valve  and  to  each 
hue.  When  designating  chroma,  a 
diagonal  line  is  drawn  and  then  the 
chroma  number  is  given,  i.e.,  /8,  /2,  etc. 

Helps  Standardization 

In  summary,  the  Munsell  number  is 
expressed  giving  the  hue  first,  the 
value  second  and  the  chroma  third  as 
follows:  5  R  5/10  which  designates  a 
sample  which  is  red  in  hue,  medium  in 
value  and  strong  in  chroma,  i.e.,  a 
bright  red.  The  system  is  extremely 
useful  when  it  is  desired  to  stand- 
ardize on  certain  colors  and  these  colors  are  available  from 
different  sources.  If  the  proper  control  is  exercised,  then 
any  user  of  colored  plastics  can  purchase  the  exact  shade 
desired  from  all  vendors  making  the  particular  product. 


Fig.     4.     Munsell 

values    ior    color 

lightness 


\ 


\ 


TIME      (    HIM) 


Fig.  5.  Change  in  light  transmission  with  dye  bath  time.  I  = 
cellulose  acetate;   II   and   III   acrylic.    Temperatures   70°   F 


Dye  Compositions 

In  general,  there  are  two  types  of  dye  baths  which  may 
be  used  for  dip-dyeing: — (a)  Dye  solutions  using  organic 
solvents;  and  (b)  dye  solutions  using  water  solvent. 

In  1940,  Rohm  &  Haas  Company  published  a  technical 
bulletin  7  listing  dye  formulas  which  could  be  used  for  the 
dip-coloring  of  methyl  methacrylate  plastics.  These  formu- 
las made  use  of  the  oil-soluble  types  of  dyes  such  as : 

Red 

0.5  g.  Red  B  for  acetyt  cellulose  lacquer 
1 80  cc  acetone 
1 20  cc  water 

MM 

0.5  g.  Blue  B  for  acetyl  cellulose  lacquer 
1 80  cc  acetone 
1 20  cc  water 

Yellow 

0.5  g.  du  Pont  oil  yellow 
1 80  cc  acetone 
1 20  cc  water 

Green 

0.25  g.  Green  Blue  3G  for  acetyl  cellulose  lacquer 
0.25  g.  du  Pont  oil  yellow 
1 80  cc  acetone 
1 20  cc  water 

Although  these  compositions  will  dye  methyl  methacrylate 
plastics,  they  have  several  inherently  bad  features.  First, 
an  oil  soluble  dyestuff  is  used  in  conjunction  with  water 
with  which  it  is  immiscible. 

This,  sometimes,  has  caused  precipitation  of  the  dye  and, 
thereby,  makes  the  dye  solution  useless.  The  addition  of 
water  is  necessary  to  reduce  the  crazing  action  of  the  ace- 
tone which  is  used  both  to  dissolve  the  dye  and  to  attack 
the  surface  of  the  plastics  so  that  the  dye  will  penetrate.  In 
addition  since  these  dyes  have  low  fastness  to  light  they 
therefore  tend  to  fade.  Although  some  disadvantages  are 
evident,  they  have  been  used  for  several  years,  and  only 
recently  has  any  active  work  been  done  to  improve  non- 
water  type  dip-dyes  for  plastics.  Most  of  this  work  has 
been  performed  by  the  Krieger  Color  and  Chemical  Co.  of 
Los  Angeles,  which  in  1941  introduced  the  Kriegr-O-Dip 
solvent  dyes. 

No  data  is  available  on  the  composition  of  these  dyes. 
However,  it  can  be  stated  that,  in  general,  they  consist  of  a 
hydrocarbon  soluble  type  dye,  several  detergents,  a  retard- 
ing agent  to  reduce  the  solvent  effect  of  the  hydrocarbon  on 
the  plastics,  and  a  polishing  agent. 

These  materials  have  been  combined  to  produce  a  dye 
which  does  not  precipitate  out  of  solution  and  has  an  ex- 
tremely high  light  fastness  value,  i.e.  5-7.  A  complete  color 
range  is  available  such  as  red,  blue,  yellow,  green,  blue 
green,  chartreuse,  amber,  gold,  aqua,  old  rose,  black,  orange, 
and  mixtures  thereof.  These  dyes  have  been  developed  for 
coloring  acrylate,  cellulosics,  and  vinyl  type  resins. 

Compositions  Using  Water  as  Solvent 

Several  dye  compositions  using  water  soluble  dyestuffs  in 
water  solution  are  on  the  market.  Here  again  the  compo- 
sitions are  not  available  but  it  can  be  said  that  detergents, 
mordanting,  penetrating  and  polishing  agents  are  incorpo- 
rated with  the  dye.  They  are  fairly  light  stable  and  are 
available  in  either  powder  or  liquid  form.  A  full  range  of 
color  is  available  such  as  red,  blue,  yellow,  green,  char- 
treuse, amber,  gold,  aqua,  old  rose,  black,  orange  and  pink 
and  mixtures  thereof.  These  dyes  can  be  used  on  acrylate 
and  cellulosic  type  resins. 

Dyeing  Procedures 

As  the  name  implies,  dip-dyeing  is  performed  simply  by 
dipping  the  part  to  be  colored  into  the  dye  bath,  allowing  it 
to  remain  a  definite  period  of  time  in  contact  with  the  dye 


146 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


See 

H  &  D  package  laboratory  operates  "behind  the  scenes."  A  typical  product, 
never  before  packaged  in  corrugated,  enters  the  laboratory.  How 
H  &  D  Package  Engineers  proceed  with  the  design,  development  and 
testing  of  an  engineered  corrugated  shipping  box  is  photographically  recorded, 
scene  by  scene.  If  you're  interesteo  in  packaging,  you'll  want  to  see  this 
detailed  backstage  presentation  of  the  H  &  D  package  laboratory  at  work. 


TAKE  A  LOOK  AT  PACKAGING 
IN  ACTION 

•  Look  at  packaging  from  "behind  the 
scenes."  Go  along  with  a  Package  Engi- 
neer while  he  designs  an  engineered 
shipping  box.  To  get  a  better  under- 
standing of  the  science  of  package  engi- 
neering, sepd  for  your  copy  of  H  &  D's 
book,  "Behind  the  Scenes  at  the  H  &  0 
Package  Laboratory."  Write  today. 


o*"* 


THE   HINDE   &   DAUCH   PAPER   COMPANY,   4575    DECATUR    STREET.    SANDUSKY.    OHIO 


F  a  c  t  •  r  I  .  i     In     lALTIMOtE    •    IOSTON    •    IUFFAIO    •    CHICAGO    •    CLEVELAND    •    OETIOIT    •    OLOUCESTEI,   N.   J. 
HOIOKEN   •    KANSAS   CITY  •   LENOII.    N.    C.   •   MONTREAL   •    RICHMOND    •    ST.    LOUIS    •    SANDUSKT.   OHIO    •    TORONTO 


MARCH  194:, 


PLASTICS 


147 


231567 


Fig.  6.    Diagram  showing  the  5  principal.  5  intermediate, 
second   10  intermediate  and  80  special  intermediate  hues 


and  then  removing  and  washing  off  the  excess  with  cold 
water.  This  may  be  done  either  as  a  batch  process  or  as  a 
continuous  operation.  For  instance,  if  a  certain  plastics 
item  is  to  be  colored,  it  is  lowered  into  the  container  holding 
the  dye,  allowed  to  remain  in  the  liquid  a  certain  length  of 
time  and  removed  and  washed.  This  is  called  a  batch  proc- 
ess. On  the  other  hand,  however,  sheet  stock  may  be  dyed 
continuously  in  somewhat  the  same  fashion  used  for  fabrics, 
i.e.  by  passing  the  sheet  continuously  through  a  dye  bath. 
This  process  is  well  known  for  dyeing  fabrics  but  is  fairly 
new  in  the  plastics  field. 

In  all  cases,  cleaning  of  the  plastics  to  be  colored  is  es- 
sential. Not  only  does  it  allow  for  faster  dyeing,  but  also 
eliminates  the  probability  of  a  non-uniform  colored  surface 
which  appears  as  streaks  and  possibly  precipitated  coatings. 
Cleaning  can  best  be  accomplished  by  using  a  detergent  such 
as  common  soap,  Dreft,  Nacconal  NR,  etc.,  dissolved  in  hot 
water.  After  thoroughly  soaking  the  part  in  the  solution  or 
rubbing  with  a  soft  cloth  containing  the  cleaning  solution, 
it  is  rinsed  in  warm  water  and  dried  with  a  soft  cloth.  In 
almost  all  cases  this  procedure  will  suffice.  However,  oc- 
casionally the  plastics  has  a  thick  film  of  grease  or  other 
material  that  is  not  readily  soluble  in  a  detergent.  In  these 
cases,  a  hydrocarbon  type  solvent  such  as  cleaning  solution 
or  naphtha  is  used  before  washing  with  the  detergent.  The 
remainder  of  the  procedure  is  the  same  as  mentioned  pre- 
viously. 

The  rate  of  dye  penetration  is  dependent  upon  several 
factors — temperature  of  the  dye  bath,  type  and  concentra- 
tion of  dye  used,  type  of  plastics  being  dyed  and  the  degree 
of  cleanliness  of  the  plastics  surface. 

The  commercial  hydrocarbon  dyes  are  used  at  room  tem- 
perature (approximately  70°  F).  At  the  concentration  of 
dyestuffs  in  these  dye  solutions,  it  is  not  necessary  to  heat 
them  in  order  to  obtain  faster  dyeing.  This,  of  course, 
would  constitute  a  fire  hazard  since  inflammable  hydrocar- 
bons are  used  as  a  solvent. 

Pastel  shades  can  be  obtained  within  1  to  60  seconds  after 
immersion,  medium  shades  require  5  to  10  minutes  while 
very  deep  shades  may  take  as  long  as  15  to  30  minutes  de- 
pending entirely  upon  the  plastics  and  dye  bath  used.  Since 
the  solvent  attacks  the  surface  of  the  plastics,  it  is  essential 
that  parts  do  not  touch  each  other  when  in  the  dye.  Care 


should  be  taken  to  avoid  having  the  part  remain  for  longer 
than  15  minutes  in  the  solution  at  any  one  time  since  this 
may  cause  excessive  softening  of  the  plastic  with  subsequent 
distortion.  If  a  dyeing  period  of  greater  than  15  minutes  is 
desired,  the  part  is  washed  off  in  water  every  15  minutes. 

In  cases  where  hydrocarbon  type  dyes  have  been  used  for 
coloring  special  aircraft  parts,  it  has  been  found  necessary 
to  heat-treat  after  dyeing.  This  is  done  to  remove  residual 
hydrocarbons  which  may  cause  crazing  of  the  plastics  after 
exposure  to  the  elements.  The  heat  treatment  is  accom- 
plished by  simply  placing  the  part  in  heated  air  at  300°  F 
for  a  minute  or  so  and  then  removing  and  allowing  to  cool. 
If  the  part  is  to  be  formed,  heating  of  the  sheet  for  forming 
will  suffice  as  a  substitute  for  the  heat-treatment. 

When  dyeing  with  the  water  dyes,  it  is  necessary  to  heat 
the  solution  from  170°  to  190°  F  for  the  acrylics  and  120° 
to  140°  F  for  the  cellulosics  in  order  to  make  the  dye  suf- 
ficiently active  so  as  to  cause  rapid  coloring  of  the  part.  At 
this  temperature  range,  pastel  shades  may  take  from  30  sees 
to  3  mins,  medium  shades  from  3  to  5  mins,  while  deep 
shades  require  from  15  to  20  mins.  If  a  more  rapid  rate  of 
dyeing  is  necessary,  the  heat  may  be  increased.  However, 
this,  at  the  same  time  will  cause  more  distortion  of  the 
thermo-plastic  material. 

Experimental  Work 

To  demonstrate  the  effect  of  time  on  the  dyeing  of  plas- 
tics, ft"  X  1  X  2y2"  samples  of  methyl  methacrylate  and 
cellulose  acetate  were  dyed  in  a  commercial  hydrocarbon 
dye  (Kriegr-O-Dip)  and  the  change  in  the  percent  of  light 
transmission  were  obtained.  This  was  determined  by  use 
of  the  Kline-Bowen  Hazemeter  as  given  in  ASTM  D672. 
In  order  to  visibly  portray  the  results  of  these  tests,  the  per- 
cent transmission  was  plotted  against  the  time  the  plastic 
was  in  the  dye  bath.  The  results  are  given  in  Fig.  5. 

Curve  I  was  determined  by  dyeing  cellulose  acetate  in  a 
purple  hydrocarbon  dye  designed  for  this  material.  It  shows 
that  cellulose  acetate  is  colored  quite  rapidly  as  evidenced 
by  the  large  decrease  in  light  transmission  during  the  first 
few  minutes.  The  mathematical  equation  which  defines  the 
curve  is  as  follows : 

24.1 
%  transmission  = 

(time)  ~rif 

This  means  that  if  the  percent  transmission  is  desired  at 
a  certain  time  say  2  mins,  then  2  is  substituted  in  the  equa- 
tion and  the  percent  transmission  is  calculated.  If  the  trans- 
mission values  have  previously  been  correlated  with  Munsell 
numbers  for  that  particular  dye  and  material,  the  exact 
color  can  be  duplicated  at  any  time.  Or  working  in  reverse, 
if  a  certain  Munsell  number  is  chosen  for  duplication,  the 
corresponding  transmission  is  noted  and  the  time  for  dyeing 
the  piece  can  be  calculated  from  the  equation  given. 

Curve  II  determined  by  dyeing  methyl  methacrylate  in 
the  same  hydrocarbon  dye  as  was  used  in  determining 
Curve  I.  Note  the  slow  decrease  in  the  percent  Light 
Transmission  with  change  in  time.  This  curve  takes  the 
form  of  an  approximate  straight  line  and  indicates  that  this 
dye  is  not  satisfactory  for  coloring  methyl  methacrylate 
from  the  standpoint  of  production  rate.  The  equation  for 
this  curve  is 

%  transmission  =  90.1  —  .75  (time) 

Curve  III  was  determined  by  dyeing  methyl  methacrylate 
in  a  green  dye  especially  designed  for  this  material.    This 
dyes  fairly  rapidly  although  it  is  not  nearly  so  effective  as 
(Continutd  on  page  359) 


148 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Illustrated  about  is  a  Hostess  serving  tray, 
•' Hawley-made"  of  RESIN  FIBRE 
PLASTIC,  now  being  used  on  all  major 
airlines.  Appearance  is  as  important  an 
asset  as  its  lightness,  strength,  and  dura- 
bility to  withstand  repeated  hard  usage. 


. .  .With  the  plans  of  today.  Plans  that  are  being  confronted  by 
problems  of  new  materials  for  the  many  forthcoming  product  im- 
provements. In  RESIN  FIBRE  PLASTICS  will  be  found  the  solu- 
tion to  Plastic  Designers'  and  Manufacturers'  problems  in  moulding 
large  surfaces,  difficult  contours,  and  uniform  thickness. 

RESIN  FIBRE  PLASTICS  also  possess  the  diversified  adapta- 
bilities of  precision  to  close  tolerances,  an  ever-present  "must"  in 
the  manufacture  of  small  items.  The  scope  of  this  versatile  product 
covers  many  problems  in  the  Aviation,  Radio,  Automotive  and 
kindred  industries  that  are  always  searching  for  stronger  and 
lighter  materials  to  improve  their  products.  We  will  be  happy  to 
acquaint  you  with  more  specific  details  upon  inquiry. 


LICENSING    MANUFACTURERS 


\ 


ST    CHARLES 
ILLINOIS 


PRODUCTS  COMPANY 


MANtron.  CANADA  •  MXMOS  AIMV  »  AMWCA 

CONDON     INC1ANO   •    STOMIT.    AUS1IA1IA 


MARCH  194.') 


PLASTICS 


149 


There's  Good  Business 
South  of  the  Border 

It  Properly  Cultivated,  Latin  America  Can  Otter  a 
Large,  Permanent  Post-War  Outlet  for  U.  SL  Plastics 


oUr.   oLeonard  oLudt 


win 


Research  Economist,  Foreign  Department 
McCann-Erickson,  Inc. 


AS  A  result  of  unprecedented  expansion  partly  due  to 
war  impetus,  this  country  has  emerged  as  the  world's 
largest  producer  of  synthetic  resins  and  plastics  materials. 
Naturally,  we  look  to  export  markets  to  take  our  surplus, 
and  just  as  naturally,  we  turn  to  our  Pan  American  neigh- 
bors to  better  evaluate  the  possibility  of  additional  markets 
in  foreign  fields. 

It  is  apparent  that  the  postwar  world  export  market  is 
enormous.  "Foreign  Trade  After  the  War,"  a  publication 
issued  by  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Commerce,  estimates  a 
total  plastics  export  value  of  $7,000,000,000  or  more  in  1948. 

Of  this  tremendous  market,  the  Latin  American  portion 
can  be  estimated  with  fair  accuracy.  On  the  basis  of  re- 
ports by  the  same  source,  recent  studies  of  industrial  devel- 
opment, and  comparative  import  and  production  figures  for 
several  years  past  from  all  Latin  American  countries,  that 
market  is  expected  to  approximate  8,000,000  pounds  or  more 
in  1948.  Also,  a  recent  report  by  the  Office  of  the  Coordina- 
tor of  Inter-American  Affairs  indicates  a  vast  post-war  mar- 
ket for  American  machinery  in  this  area.  According  to 
this  source,  broad  industrialization  programs,  designed  to 
enhance  the  economic  development  of  all  these  countries 
during  the  first  decade  of  the  postwar  period,  are  under  way. 
They  aim  to  insure  economic  self-sufficiency,  foster  social 
advance,  and  raise  the  standard  of  living.  Industrial  expan- 
sion of  such  magnitude  is  bound  to  have  some  bearing  on 
the  production,  fabrication,  and  imports  of  plastics  and 
plastics  materials. 

During  the  first  ten  years  after  the  war,  it  is  expected  to 
provide  a  potential  market  of  $10,000,000,000  for  all  kinds 
of  machinery.  Of  this  sum,  it  is  estimated  that  approx- 
imately $5,780,000,000  will  be  spent  in  the  United  States. 
Since  the  plastics  industry  has  shown  such  a  large  growth 
in  relation  to  other  industries,  it  is  reasonable  to  assume 
that  a  substantial  share  of  the  future  machinery  purchases 
will  consist  of  machinery  for  the  plastics  industry. 

In  contrast  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  Latin  America 
represents  an  almost  immediate  market.  It  is  true  that,  be- 
cause of  the  war,  many  materials  are  still  unavailable  and 
shipping  facilities  are  curtailed.  However,  at  the  end  of 
the  war,  perhaps  even  sooner,  the  United  States  unlike  Ger- 
many, Japan,  Great  Britain,  and  France,  will  be  in  the  en- 
viable position  of  being  able  to  supply  as  well  as  ship  a  large 
share  of  the  requirements  for  plastics  materials  almost  im- 
mediately. 

American  manufacturers  must  not  jeopardize  their  oppor- 
tunities again,  as  they  did  after  World  War  I,  by  ignoring 
the  customs  and  business  methods  of  our  Latin  American 
neighbors.  This  is  especially  important  in  the  case  of  such 
a  comparatively  new  industry  as  plastics.  If  we  are  care- 
ful in  this  respect,  adhering  to  time-honored  local  business 


customs  rather  than  trying  to  impose  our  own  business 
methods,  we  can  have  a  large  permanent  outlet  for  our 
products  in  Latin  America. 

For  many  years  most  European  firms,  whose  products 
were  generally  much  lower  in  price  than  similar  American 
goods,  have  granted  liberal  credit  terms  to  Latin  American 
firms;  in  some  instances,  as  in  the  case  of  Germany,  these 
were  extended  for  periods  up  to  two  years.  While  it  may 
be  unnecessary  for  us  to  follow  such  precedent,  extension 
of  limited  credits  will  play  an  important  part  in  retaining 
the  market  for  United  States  manufacturers,  if  and  when 
other  countries  are  ready  to  compete  with  them  again.  Such 
a  policy  is  necessary  in  spite  of  the  much  advertised  large, 
cash  balances  which  have  accrued  in  all  these  countries  as 
the  result  of  extensive  exports  to  the  United  States  during 
the  war.  For,  together  with  the  high  quality  of  our  prod- 
ucts, it  will  help  to  retain  that  market  when  these  comfort- 
able cash  assets  will  have  been  spent  and  Latin  America 
again  may  be  tempted  to  buy  where  the  most  favorable  terms 
are  offered. 

Many  excellent  sources  of  information  covering  the  ac- 
tivities and  financial  standing  of  Latin  American  business 
houses  are  available  in  this  country.  Basic  sales  policy  may 
vary  from  country  to  country,  and  will  be  determined  pri- 
marily by  the  size  of  the  market  and  the  type  of  product. 

Choosing  Safes  Outlets 

In  addition  to  extension  of  credits,  the  selection  of  sales 
outlets,  jobbers,  and  manufacturers'  agents  is  of  prime  im- 
portance, and  should  be  given  considerable  study  before  at- 
tempting to  enter  a  specific  market.  Manufacturers  who  have 
done  so  in  the  past  have  had  few  occasions  to  regret  their 
choice.  In  every  country  of  the  Southern  Hemisphere  there 
are  well-established,  progressive  business  houses  of  high 
repute  which  are  only  too  anxious  to  purchase  from,  or  rep- 
resent, American  manufacturers.  While  bulletins  issued  by 
United  States  and  foreign  government  agencies,  magazine 
articles,  bank  reports,  trade  papers  and  the  daily  press  report 
the  latest  news,  the  agent  on  the  spot  is  in  the  best  position  to 
evaluate  actual  conditions,  to  detect  early  trends  which  may 
affect  business  in  one  way  or  another.  Undercurrents  point- 
ing to  approaching  change  in  government,  early  signs  of  in- 
flationary tendencies,  government  currency  regulations, 
change  of  custom  duties,  activities  of  competitors  from  other 
countries,  new  business  opportunities,  and  much  other  useful 
information  is  usually  freely  offered  by  the  agent  or  im- 
porter when  goodwill,  trust  and  understanding  exists  be- 
tween him  and  the  American  manufacturer.  After  all,  he 
is  more  often  than  not,  well-educated  and  progressive,  as 
anxious  as  his  American  supplier  to  build  and  maintain  a 


150 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Pictorial  presentation  of  the  extent  to 
which  Latin  America  hat  engaged  in  pre- 
diction of  plaitlci  products  and  Importa- 
tion of  raw  materials  from  any  source— 
based  on  1941,  latest  year  for  which  pub- 
llshable  data  are  available. 


Countries  manufacturing  unfinished  plas- 
tics and  finished  molded  products;  and 
which  Import  plastics  and  plastics  mate- 
rials. 

Countries  which  do  not  produce  or  im- 
port plastics  materials  or  products. 
Countries  which  mold  products  and  Im- 
port plastics  and  plastics  materials,  but 
do  not  produce  unfinished  plastics. 
(Mexico's  limited  facilities  for  unfinished 
plastics  are  now  Inoperative  due'  to 
lack'of  materials.) 

Paraguay  mpom  small  quantities  of 
plastics  end  plastics  materials,  but 
manufactures  neither  finished  nor  un- 
finished molded  products. 


profitable  business  connection.  Native-born  representatives 
with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their  market  and  a  natural 
understanding  of  all  the  social  amenities,  which  are  so  im- 
portant in  Latin  American  business  life,  usually  make  far 
superior  contact  men,  even  if  their  technical  knowledge  at 
the  outset  is  less  than  that  of  Spanish  or  Portuguese-speak- 
ing Americans.  They  quickly  catch  up  on  technical  infor- 
mation. 

The  popularity  plastics  have  attained  since  their  introduc- 
tion in  Latin  America  a  few  short  years  ago  is  phenomenal. 
Unquestionably  this  is  due  in  part  to  the  adaptability  of 


these  materials  to  the  manufacture  of  popular  objects  such 
as  combs,  broaches,  buckles,  purse  clasps,  buttons,  dominoes, 
costume  jewelry,  spectacle  frames,  rouge  cases,  cream  jars, 
closures,  drinking  cups,  tableware  and  furniture  handles, 
as  well  as  electrical  equipment,  telephones,  accessories,  radio 
parts,  paints,  synthetic  coatings,  and  a  host  of  other  inex- 
pensive items.  Laminations  of  all  kinds,  piping,  tubing, 
molded  thermoplastic  and  thermosetting  building  materials, 
and  phenolic  resins  for  the  replacement  of  other  construc- 
tion material  offer  splendid  opportunities  in  the  future. 
Only  the  most  industrialized  countries  of  Latin  America, 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


151 


Argentina  and  Brazil  manufacture  quantities  of  their  own 
plastics  materials.  Chile  and  Uruguay  manufacture  small 
quantities  of  casein,  while  Colombia  produces  phenolic  res- 
ins. However,  of  twelve  countries  importing  plastics  and 
plastics  materials,  only  Paraguay  does  neither  fabricate  nor 
mold  the  finished  product.  The  other  countries  importing 
plastics  materials  are  Mexico,  Peru,  Venezuela,  Cuba,  Ecua- 
dor and  Costa  Rica. 

Argentina 

Aside  from  its  important  production  of  casein,  almost  all 
of  which  went  into  export  in  pre-war  years,  Argentine  pro- 
duction and  consumption  of  plastics  materials  depended  es- 
sentially on  imports  of  machinery,  raw  materials  and  semi- 
finished plastics  materials  from  Germany,  Japan,  the  United 
Kingdom  and  France.  Imports  from  the  United  States  un- 
til 1939  were  negligible  as  the  result  of  our  high  prices,  un- 


favorable terms,  and  the  Argentine  system  of  foreign  ex- 
change regulations  which  was  partial  to  countries  with 
which  Argentina  had  favorable  trade  balances  or  favored 
trade  agreements.  When  the  war  cut  off  Europe  as  a  source 
of  supply,  all  restrictions  on  United  States  imports  were  re- 
moved, and  1,600,000  pounds  of  plastics  materials  were  im- 
ported in  1939;  2,061,000  pounds  in  1940;  and  2,574,000 
pounds  in  1941. 

Although  no  general  breakdown  on  the  consumption  of 
plastics  materials  exist,  the  national  census  of  1939  records 
that  296,523  pounds  of  pyroxylin;  524,916  pounds  of  phe- 
nolic resins;  and  14,388  pounds  of  galalith  were  consumed 
by  the  button,  comb,  and  specialties  industry. 

The  principal  materials  manufactured  locally  are  galalith 
(a  casein  rennet  plastics),  casein  plastics  alkyd  resins, 
phenol-formaldehyde,  and  urea.  Methyl  methacrylate,  poly- 
vinyl  chloride,  cellulose  acetate,  polystyrene  molding  pow- 


Imports  of  Plastics  by  Selected  Latin  American  Countries,  from  Principal  Countries  of  Origin,  1 937, 1 94 1 

Country  of  Origin 


Pyroxylin,  Galalith,  Bokellte 

and  Similar  Plaitlci 
1937  1941 

Pound*  Dollar!  Pounds  Dollo 


ARGENTINA 

Germany 417,748 169,624 

United  States 866 599 53,887 19,519 

Japan 297,278 139,535 414,008 169,642 

United  Kingdom 619 437 4,497 1,783 

Other  Countries 2,779 1,733 869 256 

Total 

Germany 31,848 33,494 441 149. ... 

Japan 3,071 1,634. . . . 

France 337 984. . . . 

United  States 264,863 145,459. . . . 

Holy 264,440 147,188. ... 

United  Kingdom 194,347 68,488. . . . 

Czechoslovakia. 
Other  Countries. 

Total 35,256 36,1 12 724,091 361,284. . . . 

CHILE 

Germany 125,429 10,585 165 25. ... 

United  States 8,880 918 320,835 20,797. . . . 

United  Kingdom 48,922 3,330 73,332 5,068. . . . 

Japan 6,124 470 120770 10,555. . . . 

Netherlands 2,438 129 2,683 207. . .  . 

Other  Countries 1,585 138 8,421 697. . . . 

Total 193,378 15,570 ....  526,206 37,349. . . . 

COLOMBIA 

United  States 5,163 4,67! 149,359 72794. . . . 

Germany 10,064 5,684   . . . 

Total 15,227 10,355 149,359 72,794. . . . 

CUBA 

United  Slates 12,139 9,514 1 19,972 58,275. . . . 

Germany 7,678 4,202 . . . 

United  Kingdom 20 6 1,618 1 .020  . .  . 

Japan 2,577 978 392 131 .... 

Other  Countries 271 194. . 

Total 22,705 14,894 121,982 59,426. . . . 

MEXICO 

United  States 4,462 877 396,890 59,421.... 

Germany 16,645 2,975. . . . 

Other  Countries. 

Total 21,107 3,852 396,890 59,421 

URUGUAY 

United  States 185 56 560 141 

Germany 49,109 14,795 —— 

Argentina 7,187 2,165 2,835 713 

Japan 1,510 455 10,397 2,609 

United  Kingdom 7744 2,336 4,167 1,041 

Other  Countries 70 21 1,235 309 

Total 65,805 19,828 19,194(3) 4,813(3) . . 


Synthetic  Roslni 

1937  1941 

Pounds  Dollars  Pounds  Dollars 


322,760 161,294 445 336 

..9736 5,001... 

.45,126 21,336 245,515 1 12,541 

.  .  2,463 931 ......  20,227. ......  .7,189 

.  .  3,995 3,571 . . . . 

.  .9,136 4,688 3,307 1,036 

393,216 196,821 269,494 121,102 


..88.... 


.88. 


.19. 


.19.. 


...22,610 2,665 

....3,481 258 


26,091 2,923 

...2,200 193 

.2,200 193 


100,695 28,224 486,840 133,657 

.45,163 127O9 — — 

.23,969 5705 1,640 590 

169,827 46,638 488,480 134,247 


(I)  Not  reported.       (-)  Not  available.       (»)  Flgum  far  January-October,  1941. 

Data  patented  In  Ihii  table  appeared  In  Hie  article  "PlatHa  and  Plo.tiet  Material.",  Foreign  Cemmerce  Weekly,  April  22,  1*44.     Sewrcei  Official  annual  Import  .larlillci. 


152 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


A.    STEVEN      LEWIS 

219     WEST     CHICAGO     AVE     •      CHICAGO     10,    ILLINOIS 


- 


der,  and  cellulose  nitrates  are  imported.  Practically  all 
manufacturing  establishments  are  located  in  Buenos  Aires, 
where,  at  last  report,  seven  large  firms  and  numerous  small 
ones  were  fabricating  from  semi-finished  plastics. 

Among  Latin  American  nations,  Argentina  is  presently 
said  to  be  the  most  important  producer  of  plastics  products, 
and  all  indications  point  towards  further  expansion  of  the 
industry.  However,  since  Argentina  is  predominantly  an 
agricultural  country,  it  will  continue  the  importation  in 
substantial  quantities  of  semi-finished  and  finished  plastics 
materials.  Provided  American  plastics  materials  can  com- 
pete in  price  with  foreign  materials  a  few  years  hence, 
Argentina  offers  excellent  market  opportunities  for  years  to 
come. 

Broil/ 

As  in  the  case  of  most  Latin  American  countries,  the 
plastics  molding  industry  in  Brazil  developed  from  humble 
beginnings.  Prior  to  1941,  plastics  requirements  were  sat- 
isfied primarily  by  the  importation  of  finished  products. 
However,  between  1939  and  1941,  because  of  improvements 
in  technical  processes,  increased  production  through  in- 
stallation of  German  injection  molding  machines,  and  aug- 
mented consumption  of  articles  manufactured  for  the  con- 
sumer and  manufacturing  trade,  a  rapid  expansion  of  the 
industry  resulted.  Approximately  1,759,000  pounds  of  plas- 
tics materials  were  absorbed  by  the  local  market  in  1941. 

Of  the  180  plastics  molding  companies  which  came  into 
existence  in  Brazil,  60  are  in  Sao  Paulo,  40  are  in  the  en- 
virons of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  the  others  are  located  through- 
out the  country.  Both  capital  cities  are  centers  for  dis- 
tribution in  their  respective  commercial  spheres.  Today, 
67  per  cent  of  the  semi-finished  plastics  and  50  per  cent  of 
finished  plastics  consumed  in  Brazil  are  manufactured 
domestically.  Native  manufacture  has  assumed  commercial 
importance.  Yet,  in  spite  of  all  developments,  Brazil  is,  and 
will  remain  (for  some  time),  dependent  on  foreign  sources 
for  basic  raw  materials. 

In  the  injection  molding  industry,  more  than  100  ma- 
chines are  in  operation.  Of  these,  less  than  half  are  of  the 
semi-automatic,  air-compression  type;  the  balance  consist 
of  hand-operated  units.  Approximately  20  machines  are 
being  built  domestically  at  present,  one  of  which  is  a  fully 
automatic  machine.  Most  of  the  older  equipment  consists 
of  German  Eckert-Ziegler  models  and  replicas  constructed 
in  Brazil.  In  general,  however,  existing  equipment  and  ma- 
chinery is  antiquated,  inadequate,  and  unsuitable  for  mass 
production.  Brazil,  therefore,  offers  a  substantial  market 
for  many  types  of  machinery  and  equipment. 

The  outstanding  developments  in  recent  years  were  in 
the  molding  of  thermoplastics.  The  shortage  of  polystyrene, 
imported  at  low  cost  from  Germany  before  the  war,  forced 
injection  molders  to  substitute  cellulose  acetate.  These 
molding  powders,  produced  in  Brazil  since  the  war,  con- 
stitute the  most  important  thermoplastic  molding  compounds 
in  the  country  today.  Cellulose  acetate,  however,  has  been 
produced  domestically  for  several  years,  and  almost  all  of  it 
is  being  absorbed  by  the  rayon  industry.  However,  Brazil- 
ian injection  molders  prefer  polystyrene  to  cellulose  acetate. 
Since  the  relatively  high  customs  duties  in  Brazil  are 
based  on  weight  (520  cruzeiros*  per  kilogram,  plus  sur- 
charges), this  preference  appears  to  be  justified.  The 
opinion  prevailing  in  the  industry  indicates  that  after  the 
war  when  both  materials  will  be  on  the  market  again,  the 
demand  will  be  in  the  proportion  of  60%  polystyrene  to  40% 
cellulose  acetate. 

An  expanding  domestic  market  at  the  time  when  imports 
were  drastically  reduced  as  the  result  of  the  war,  and  the 


1  cruzeiro  =  5Vfc  U.    S.  currency. 


154 


fact  that  the  industry  has  not  been  entirely  dependent  on  im- 
ports for  machinery,  has  facilitated  expansion  in  plant  in- 
stallations. The  outlook  for  a  favorable  post-war  domestic 
market,  and  the  possibility  of  entering  the  export  trade  with 
neighbor  republics  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere  proved  an 
additional  stimulant.  Furthermore,  cellulose  nitrate,  which 
prior  to  the  war  was  imported  at  low  cost  mostly  from  Ger- 
many and  Japan  by  the  important  toothbrush  industry  for 
the  manufacture  of  handles,  has  been  largely  replaced  by 
cellulose  acetate,  which  facilitates  the  manufacture  of  a  sat- 
isfactory and  cheaper  product  by  injection  molding. 

Brazil's  present  requirements  for  injection  molding  mate- 
rials are  estimated  to  be  about  200  tons  per  year.  Post-war 
expansion,  installation  of  fully  automatic  machinery,  and 
availability  of  raw  materials  may  raise  future  annual  needs 
substantially. 

In  the  thermosetting  plastics  field,  Brazilian  manufacture 
consumed  an  estimated  250  metric  tons  of  phenol-formal- 
dehyde and  urea-formaldehyde  resins  for  compression  mold- 
ing. The  paint  industry  is  said  to  have  absorbed  an  addi- 
tional 100  tons  of  phenol-formaldehyde. 

Reduced  imports  and  increased  demand  for  domestic  prod- 
ucts in  1942  led  to  acute  shortages  of  raw  material,  especially 
phenol -formaldehyde  resins,  which  in  an  illegal,  uncontrolled 
market  sold  for  as  high  as  $4.50  (U.  S.)  per  kilogram.  The 
domestic  product,  when  obtainable,  was  of  poorer  quality 
but  higher  price  than  the  imported  product. 

Attempts  to  substitute  various  native  materials  failed  pri- 
marily because  the  industry  also  depended  on  imports  of 
plasticizers.  During  1942  and  1943,  the  scarcity  of  phenolics 
and  urea-formaldehyde  forced  a  large  percentage  of  the  in- 
dustry which  depended  on  these  materials  to  reduce  their 
operations  and  minimize  their  output.  To  overcome  these 
difficulties,  some  manufacturers  installed  injection  machines 
for  the  use  of  cellulose  acetate.  But  it  was  not  until  the  end 
of  1943  that  molders  could  increase  their  production  as  the 
result  of  augmented  supplies  of  phenol  and  urea-formalde- 
hyde resins. 

Brazilian  molders  contend  that  their  market  demand  for 
prepared  resins  and  unfinished  forms  in  the  post-war  period 
will  reach  at  least  500  tons  per  year.  They  further  believe 
that  Brazilian  requirements  for  thermosetting  materials  will 
be  met  almost  entirely  by  imports. 

Brazil's  molding  industry  enjoyed  a  steadily  progressive 
development  until  the  start  of  the  war.  Prior  to  that  im- 
portations of  low-priced  pyroxylin  in  sheet  and  rod,  from 
Germany  and  Japan,  enabled  her  molders  to  supply  an  avid 
market  with  substantial  quantities  of  inexpensive  articles. 
High-grade  synthetic  resins,  designed  to  meet  specifications 
of  heat,  moisture,  and  acid  resistance,  also  imported  from 
Germany  in  limited  quantities,  were  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  various  plastics  products.  None  of  these  mate-  .. 
rials  are  now  procurable  on  the  Brazilian  market. 

Casein  plastics,  which  were  products  of  native  manufac- 
ture prior  to  the  war  are  produced  in  quantities  sufficient  to 
cover  domestic  needs.  Ebonite  and  galalith,  both  made 
domestically,  are  still  being  produced.  Ebonite,  perhaps 
for  its  use  of  domestic  rubber,  is  severely  restricted  by  gov- 
ernment decree,  and  is  commercially  unobtainable.  Galalith, 
while  still  available,  has  skyrocketed  in  price. 

Importation  of  practically  all  plastics  materials  for  com- 
mercial purposes  since  1941  has  been  sharply  reduced.  Im- 
ports of  bakelite  in  1942  fell  to  79  metric  tons,  compared 
with  an  average  of  116  tons  from  1939  to  1941,  inclusive. 
Similarly,  "not  specified  plastics  materials  or  synthetic 
resins"  were  reduced  from  an  average  of  94  metric  tons  in 
the  same  period  to  56  tons  in  1942.  Imports  of  phenol  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  bakelite  also  dropped  in  the  same 
period  from  an  average  of  145  tons  to  44  tons  in  1942.  In 
1940  and  1941  Brazil  imported  some  urea-formaldehyde 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


. 4 


''AMERICAN 
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EASILY  APPLIED  TO  PLASTICS,  WOOD, 
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CAUTION 

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BEFORE  REMOVING  SCREWS 

FROM  UPPER  OIL  PAN 


I     KEY  COVER     1 
TYPE  RM  24     I 
•IMOmtMf  (OtPOMIKMl 
oi  *m  IK* 


rtfct 


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oped  by  our  modern  Research 
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since  the  Stan  of  the  war  have 
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marking.  These  facilities  are 
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MARCH   194.') 


molding  compounds  from  Great  Britain,  but  even  these  im- 
portations were  sharply  reduced  in  1942. 

Chile 

Chile's  plastics  raw  materials  production  is  limited  to 
small  scale  manufacture  of  sufficient  casein  for  domestic 
needs.  All  other  plastics  materials  and  plastics  products  are 
imported.  No  data  is  available  on  the  value  of  products  man- 
ufactured from  plastics  materials.  However,  the  industry 
has  developed  rapidly  in  recent  years.  Santiago,  which  is 
the  center  of  domestic  consumption,  houses  the  13  companies 
which  comprise  Chile's  total  present  industry. 

In  1941,  imports  of  synthetic  resins  reached  298,530 
pounds.  Plastics  materials  for  the  manufacture  of  small 
articles  of  daily  use,  which  comprise  the  biggest  market  in 
Chile,  consist  mainly  of  cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  nitrate, 
polystyrene,  acrylic  resins,  and  alkyds  which  at  present,  are 
used  only  for  making  paint.  Phenol -formaldehyde  resins 
are  used  to  produce  electrical  equipment  and  power  instal- 
lations, while  urea-formaldehyde  resins  are  used  in  manu- 
facturing a  variety  of  articles,  as  well  as  some  paints  and 
varnishes. 

Plans  for  the  domestic  production  of  cresol  resins  and 
phenol  formaldehyde  are  under  way,  but  are  still  dependent 
on  imports  of  raw  materials  and  equipment. 

Pre-war,  Chile  imported  the  bulk  of  plastics  materials 
and  products  from  Germany  and  Japan,  principally  because 
of  the  low  prices.  Since  hostilities  began,  the  United  States 
has  become  the  chief  source. 

Post-war,  Chile  offers  a  bright  outlook  for  American  ex- 
ports, especially  for  high-grade  plastics  materials  and  prod- 
ucts. 

Colombia 

The  plastics  industry  is  probably  one  of  the  newest  in- 
dustries in  Colombia  to  be  developed  on  a  commercial  scale. 

Phenolic  resins,  the  only  plastics  material  of  local  manu- 
facture, are  produced  in  sufficient  quantities  to  cover  domes- 
tic needs.  But,  as  is  true  with  all  non-industralized  South- 
ern Hemisphere  countries,  all  plastics  materials  are  im- 
ported in  semi-finished  and  finished  form. 

The  core  of  Colombia's  industry  consists  of  several  small 
companies,  most  of  which  ate  in  Barranquilla,  with  the 
bulk  of  production  now  being  limited  to  small,  simple  articles 
for  general  consumption.  Phenolic  resins,  cellulose  ace- 
tate, cellulose  nitrate,  urea,  methyl  methacrylate  resins  and 
alkyd  resins  are  the  main  materials  imported.  While  they 
are  indispensable  to  the  local  industry,  only  small  quantities 
are  procured. 

The  permanent  growth  of  the  industry  in  post-war  years 
will  be  dependent  on  the  availability  of  plastics  materials 
and  equipment. 

While  some  of  the  small  companies  owing  their  existence 
to  the  war  impetus  may  turn  to  Europe  after  the  war  in 
search  of  low-priced  materials,  the  larger  manufacturers 
offer  decided  possibilities  for  United  States  plastics  exports. 

Mexico 

Mexico  at  present  produces  no  plastics  materials.  Her 
dependence  on  imports,  coupled  with  war-time  restrictions, 
is  responsible  for  the  reduction  in  the  use  of  plastics  prod- 
ucts, in  spite  of  an  increasing  consumer  demand.  In  nor- 
mal years  the  total  consumption  of  all  plastics  materials 
amounted  to  approximately  2,000,000  pounds  per  year. 

Finished  goods  are  manufactured  from  both  thermoplastic 
and  thermosetting  materials,  chiefly  from  the  latter.  Eight 
companies  manufacture  electric  switches,  sockets,  lamp 
bases,  and  other  articles.  The  most  popular  thermosetting 
materials  employed  are  phenol-formaldehyde  and  urea-for- 
maldehyde resins,  with  melamine-formaldehyde  resins  oc- 


casionally replacing  the  phenols.  In  the  manufacture  of 
novelties,  combs,  buttons,  and  similar  articles,  thermoplas- 
tics such  as  cellulose  acetate  and  polystyrene,  are  employed 
primarily.  Due  to  shortages,  however,  these  materials  have 
been  replaced  occasionally  by  polyvinyl  chloride,  cellulose 
nitrate,  methyl  methacrylate,  ethyl  cellulose,  and  cellulose 
acetate  butyrate.  Casein  plastics,  for  which  Argentina  pro- 
vides the  basic  raw  material,  are  produced  by  a  number  of 
local  companies. 

Alkyd  resins,  phenolic  resins,  and  pyroxylin  enter  into  the 
manufacture  of  paints,  which  has  assumed  an  important 
place  in  Mexico.  Several  other  plastics  materials  are  em- 
ployed in  various  industries  of  lesser  importance. 

When  war-time  restrictions  will  have  been  lifted,  Mexico 
must  be  added  to  the  list  of  countries  offering  good  pos- 
sibilities for  the  importation  of  American  plastics  materials 
and  equipment. 

Of  her  Countries 

PERU  : — Since  there  is  no  production  of  plastics  materials 
in  Peru,  all  materials  used  by  the  small  industry  manufac- 
turing tableware  and  novelties  are  imported  in  semi-finished 
form.  The  two  materials  principally  used  before  the  war, 
galalith  and  pollopas,  a  urea-type  synthetic,  were  imported 
exclusively  from  Germany,  since  their  price  was  approx- 
imately 50  per  cent  lower  than  that  of  comparable  American 
materials. 

At  present  beckacite  and  other  tar-acid  resins,  and  un- 
classified semi-finished  materials,  are  imported  exclusively 
from  the  United  States. 

One  large  company  manufacturing  tableware  by  com- 
pression molding  and  several  small  workshops  producing 
novelties  constitute  the  total  industry  at  present.  Negligible 
amounts  of  plastics  materials  are  employed  in  automobile, 
aviation,  and  machinery  repair  work. 

It  should  be  possible  after  the  war  to  maintain  a  market 
in  Peru  for  American  plastics  materials  and  equipment. 

URUGUAY: — The  production  of  plastics  in  this  country 
has  increased  rapidly  in  the  last  few  years. 

Since  casein  is  easily  obtainable,  the  domestic  production 
of  galalith  has  risen  to  approximately  22,000  pounds  a  year, 
which  is  not  only  sufficient  to  take  care  of  domestic  require- 
ments for  novelties,  but  also  permits  exportation  of  the  sur- 
plus to  Argentina.  Imported  molding  powders  are  the  base 
for  all  synthetic  resin  products.  Approximately  330,000 
pounds  of  all  types  of  plastics  materials  are  consumed  an- 
nually. 

Prior  to  the  war,  Germany  and  Japan  were  the  principal 
suppliers,  but  these  have  now  been  replaced  by  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States.  Since  1941,  however,  all  plastics 
materials  imports  were  procured  from  the  latter. 

Provided  care  is  exercised,  it  should  be  possible  to  main- 
tain the  Uruguayan  market  for  American  exporters. 

VENEZUELA  : — Without  any  domestic  production  of  plas- 
tics raw  materials,  Venezuela  imports  semi-finished  and  fin- 
ished forms  for  the  manufacture  of  plastics  products.  These, 
in  the  main,  consist  of  the  usual  simple  articles  of  common 
usage,  such  as  combs,  dominoes,  novelties,  buttons,  and  many 
others. 

Before  the  war  Germany,  Japan  and  the  United  States  in 
1940,  were  the  main  sources  of  supply.  Today,  Venezuelan 
requirements  for  aU  types  of  plastics  are  met  from  United 
States  imports  exclusively. 

It  is  anticipated  that,  after  the  war,  expansion  of  the  plas- 
tics industry  will  enable  Venezuelan  manufacturers  to  sup- 
ply local  requirements.  For  raw  materials,  however,  it 
should  still  turn  to  its  recent  American  sources. 

CUBA  : — The  United  States  has  been  the  principal  source 
of  supply  for  Cuban  requirements  of  plastics  materials. 
(Continued  on  page  357) 


156 


PLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


EST  for  PLASTICS 


PLASTICS  •  RESINS  •  LAMINATES  •  WOOD 
BUILDERS'  BOARD  •   NON-FERROUS  METALS 


Breaking  all  records  in  war  plants  to- 
day in  speedier,  smoother  shaping  of 
parts  from  plastics,  plywood,  and  com- 
position materials. 

Facing  a  big  future  because  DoALL 
Buttress  is  the  only  saw  that  tackles 
and  cuts  the  new,  light-weight  mate- 
rials successfully. 

Requires  no  re-sharpening.  Comes  in 
various  widths  and  pitches  to  fit  any 
modern  band  sawing  machine.  Avail- 
able for  immediate  delivery  from  our 
supply  points. 


MICARTA— 

42  tq.  in.  per  min. 

SARAN  TUBING       '  ,   ,4    dlam. 
.03  mhi.  per  cut 

SARAN  BLOCKS 

78  iq.  in.  pw  min. 

ETHOCEL    PLASTIC 

ISO  sq.  In.  per  min. 

SEND  US  YOUR  TOUGH  JOBS 

Have  you  a  sawing  problem 
that's  hard  to  lick?  Let  our  re- 
search laboratory  engineers 
put  it  through  our  laboratory 
and  send  you  a  written  report 
on  the  saw  and  speed  that 
give  best  results. 


Writ*  for  Circular  about  tht  l 
performance  oftrtt  DoALL  Buttrnt  Saw. 


Cwtwif  Sawinj 


POWDIR    METALLURGY 


MARCH  1943 


PLASTICS 


SPECIFICATIONS   AS 


f-^aul  Silver  Atone 

Chemical    Engineer,    Research    Dept. 
North  American  Aviation,  Inc. 


HH-P-256 


L-P-406 


12025 


94-12014 


94-12008 


IN  an  effort  to  standardize  the  types,  quality  and  perform- 
ance characteristics  of  plastics  materials,  various  agen- 
cies, such  as  the  Army,  Navy,  American  Society  for  Testing  Number 
Materials  and  the  Society  of  Automotive  Engineers  have 
issued  standards  covering  these  materials. 

To  clarify  our  terminology,  let  us  define  a  specification  as 
an  expression  of  the  characteristics  desired  in  a  certain  prod- 
uct. This  may  appear  in  the  form  of  a  performance  or  a 
detailed  specification.  The  former  type  attempts  to  set  up 
service  requirements  without  actually  specifying  the  mate- 
rial to  be  used.  In  the  detail  specification,  on  the  other 
hand,  not  only  are  some  performance  characteristics,  such 
as  resistance  to  flexing,  tensile  strength,  compression 
strength,  etc.,  stated,  but  also  the  specific  type  of  chemical 
compound — and  filler,  if  any.  A  discussion  of  both  the  de- 
tail and  performance  types  will  be  presented  later  in  this 
paper. 

Specifications  find  extensive  use  throughout  the  plastics 
industry.  Government  agencies,  shipyards,  aircraft  com- 
panies, and  many  other  buyers,  do,  in  most  cases  call  for 
government  or  non-government  specifications  when  pur- 
chasing raw  plastics  materials  and  finished  parts.  It  should 
be  noted  that  where  both  a  government  and  a  non-govern- 
ment specification  apply,  the  former  usually  is  preferred, 
since  this  is  the  recognized  procedure  as  laid  down  by  the 
services. 

In  general,  the  specifications  now  existing  are  issued  by 
the  sponsoring  agencies  listed  in  the  accompanying  table. 

In  addition  to  the  specifications  listed  in  the  table,  many 
others  have  been  issued  by  private  companies.  Douglas  Air- 
craft has  for  several  years  used  a  specification  designated 
DMS  10,000  which  specifies  the  characteristics  of  vinyl  in- 
sulation. Likewise,  North  American  Aviation  has  used  for 
several  years  a  group  of  specifications  covering  all  phases 
of  plastics  ranging  from  thermoplastics  (cellulose  acetate, 
ethyl  cellulose,  cellulose  acetate  butyrate  and  methyl  metha- 
crylate)  to  thermosetting  phenol-formaldehyde  molding 
powders  with  various  fillers  (cotton  flock,  macerated  fabric 
and  tire  cord). 

A  close  study  of  the  table  brings  the  following  questions 
to  mind : 

( 1 )  Among  the  large  group  of  specifications  listed,  which 
one  is  to  be  used? 

(2)  Why    the    apparent    duplication    of    specifications 
among  the  agencies  represented? 

(3)  Have  all  the  so-called  plastics  materials  been  cov- 
ered by  specifications? 

In  order  to  be  able  to  answer  the  first  question,  the  fol- 
lowing steps  should  be  taken : 

( 1 )  First  determine  whether  or  not  a  specification  mate- 
rial is  to  be  used.    If  a  government  agency  is  to  receive  the 
part,  then  it  should  be  bought  to  a  specification.    Assuming 
that  such  is  the  case,  the  next  step  is : 

(2)  Determine  the  material  to  be  used.     If  the  part  is 
molded  and  is  to  be  subjected  to  high-impact  blows,  it 
should  be  made  from  a  high-impact  strength  phenolic  mold- 
ing powders.    In  this  case — 

(3)  Determine  the  applicable  specification.    Usually,  at    • 
the  present  time,  preference  is  given  to  Army-Navy  specifi- 
cations if  one  is  applicable.    In  this  particular  instance,  the    [         AN-P-54 
Army  Air  Force  Specification  32212,  the  Army-Navy  Speci- 

(Continued  on  page  338) 


GUIDE      TO 


Title 


Comment* 


17-P-4  (bit) 


P-62 


P-41 


PI- 4  6 


I:— GOVERNMENT 
FEDERAL 

Phenolic-Condensation — Prod.i 
laminated  (For  Elec.  Purposes) 


Plastics,   Organic:   General 
Specifications,  Test  Methods 


ARMY 

Plastic  Sheet,  Cellulose  Acetate 
Bate 


Plastic  —  Sheet,  Transparent 
Acrylate  Bate  Superseded  by 
AN-P-44 


Plastic  Sheet — Cellulose  Nitrate 
Base 


NAVY 

Phenolic— Material,  Molded 
(Superseded  by  JAN-P-14) 


Phenolic   Material,   laminated, 
Graphited 


Plastic,  Transparent,  Flame-re- 
sisting, Superseded  by  AN-P-44 


Process     for    Installation     and 
Working  of  Transparent  Flame- 
Resisting  Sheet  Plastic 


17-P-5(lnt)  Phenolic — Material,  laminated 


ARMY-NAVY 

Piosric  rwmj  Transparent,  Mois- 
ture-Impervious, Class  A  and 
Class  B 


Phenolic  type — sheet 
tube,  rod,  macerated 
canvas 


Referenced  by  other 
specifications  for  test- 
ing procedure 


"Lumarith,"  "Tenite  I," 
etc.,  used  as  inspection 
windows,  and  for  other 
purposes 


"lucite"  or  "Plexiglas* 
used  for  transparent 
canopies,  etc. 


"Pyralin,"  "Celluloid,' 
etc.  used  for  such  ap- 
plications as  tab  in- 
serts and  foilt 


Standard  phenol-con- 
densation products- 
molding  powders 


Phenolic  or  other  resin- 
Impregnated  sheet 
having  graphite.  In- 
tended for  use  as 
bearings,  spacers,  etc 


Methyl-methacrylate 
("Incite"  or  "Plexl- 
glas") 


Forming  and  mounting 
procedure  for  thermo- 
plastic transparent 
sheet 


Standard    electrical 
and  other  grades 


Class  A  —  rubber- 
hydrochlorlde  ("Plio- 
film"! 


158 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PRODUCTION    GUIDES 

Demands  Made  by  Government  and  Non-Government  Agencies 
Save  Helped  Maintain  and  Stabilize  Manufacturing  Standards 

SPECIFICATIONS       FOR      PLASTICS      MATERIALS 


Number 


Title 


Comments 


Number 


Title 


Class  B  —  vinylidene 

ASTM  (TENTATIVI) 

chloride     ("Saran.") 

Used  in  overseas  pack- 

D700 

Phenolic  Molding  Compounds 

aging 

AN-C-63 

Cord  —  "Nylon" 

Used     as     suspension 
lines  for  parachutes 

070  1 

Cellulose  Nitrate  (Pyroxylin) 

AN-L-C-181 

Cellulose  Nitrate 

Intended    for    use    In 

D702 

Cast  metacrylate  plastic  sheets 

protective  finishes 

rods,  tubes  and  shapes 

AN-P-44 

Plastic;  Acrylic  Sheet 

"Lucite"  or  "Plexiglas" 
—Died   for  canopies. 

D703 

Polystyrene      Molding      Com- 

etc. 

pounds 

AN-O-E-766 

Ethyl  Cellulose 

Used  for  organic  coat- 

D704 

Melamine-Formaldehyde  Mold- 

ings 

ing  Compounds 

AN-C-117 

Compound:     Protective,     Ethyl 
Cellulose,   Stripping   (Hot   Dip- 
ping) 

For  protection  of  parts 
from     corrosion     and 
damage 

D705 

Urea-Formaldehyde      Molding 
Compounds 

JAN-P-U 

Phenolic—  Material,  Molded 

Standard  and  special 

D706 

Cellulose  Acetate  Molding  Com- 

grades of  phenol- 

pounds 

condensation    molding 

powders. 

0707 

Cellulose    Acetate    Butyrate 

AIMY  Alt  FOICIS 

Molding  Compounds 

32212 

Phenolic—  Material,  Molded 

Phenol    condensation 

products     with     filler. 

Standard     phenolic 

0708 

Vinyl    Chloride-Acetate     Resin 

molding  compounds 

Sheets 

12036 

Phenolic      Sheet,      Laminated, 

Used    where     high 

0709 

Laminated  Thermosetting  Mote- 

High-Strength,  Paper-Base 

strength    and    light 

rials 

weight  structures    are 

required 

0728 

Vinyl    Chloride-Acetate    Mold- 

ing Compounds 

12032 

Phenolic   Sheets,    Rods,   Tubes, 

Used  for  bearings,  etc 

and    Shapes    (Fabric    Base, 

Graphite-Impregnated) 

0729 

VinyPdene       Chloride-Acetate 

Molding  Compounds 

12034 

Sheet;    Plastic    (For    Instrument 

Colored  acetate  sheet 

Flying  Enclosure!) 

in  blind  flying 

0742 

Non-rigid   Vinyl   Chloride-Ace- 

tate Plastics 

12024 

Plastic;  Sheet,  Self-Sealing 

Usually    resin-Impreg- 

Tank Backing 

nated  glass  doth  used 

as  backing  sheets 

0743 

Non-rigid   Ethyl   Cellulose-Ace- 

tate Plastics 

ll«—  NON-OOVUNMINT 

SAI  (AMS) 

3610 

Plastic   —   Film      Transparent, 

Rubber  hydrochlorlde. 

0745 

Non-rigid  Vinyl  Butyral-Acetate 

Moisture-Resistant 

used  in  packaging,  etc. 

Plastics 

3620 

Plastic  —  Laminated   Cellulose 

Phenolic  —  Forming 

0467 

Phenolic   Laminated   Sheet   for 

(Proposed) 

Fabrk  Base  Sheets  (Thermoset* 

sheet 

Radio  Applications 

ting) 

3630 

Flexible  Plastic  Extrusions 

Vinyl  —  for  electrical 

0616 

Phenolic  Laminated  Round  Tub- 
Ing  for  Radio  Applications 

purposes 

3641 
(Proposed) 

Plastic  —  Low    Temperature, 
High-impact,  Molding   and   Ex- 
trusions 

Cellulose    acetate 
butyrate    —    general 

0647 

Molds   for   Test   Specimens   of 
Molding    Materials    used     for 

MARCH  1945 


FLASTtCS 


159 


While  present  efforts  are  turned  to  production  of  war  equipment,  future  plans 
are  readying  new  and  greatly  advanced  plastics  parts  for  your  products. 

As  a  longtime  leader  in  molding  plastics  trim  for  stoves,  ranges,  furniture  and 
other  appliances,  Grigoleit  may  be  relied  on  to  provide  the  latest  in  product  achieve- 
ment. Here  you'll  enjoy  the  last  word  in  custom  molding  service  for  either  plastics 
or  plastics-and-metal  trim.  Or  you  may  select  your  handles,  knobs  and  parts  from  a 
complete  stock  line  appropriate  for  any  appliance  or  furniture  product. 

Also  included  in  Grigoleit's  facilities  is  a  broad  line  of  stock  molded  plastics 
closures  for  any  purpose  .  .  .  and  a  complete  service  for  custom  molding  of  thermo- 
plastic and  thermosetting  plastics  for  any  type  product. 


THE    GRIGOLEIT   COMPANY 


l»        I         <          \       I        I         II        .       It      0       . 


L   L    i 


o    i    s 


ANNUAL  DIRECTORY 


^•1 


*     *     * 

Calendering    ...  162 

Castings  Resins     162 

Chemicals 162 

Coaters 170 

Consultants,  Designers,  Engineers,  Researchers 170 

Exporters 172 

Fabricators   1 72 

Laminating,  Impregnating,  Coating  Materials  174 

Laminators,  Impregnators            174 

Machinery,  Equipment  ...                                174 

Molds.  Dies 190 

Molderj 190 

Plastics  Materials                                                            .  196 

Platers 196 

Plywood.  Resin-bonded  196 

Printers,  Engravers 196 

Scrap  Dealers 196 

Supplies 196 

Tooling  Materials 196 

Tables  of  Properties: 

Cast  Plastics 198 

Cold  Molded  Plastics  202 

Laminated  Plastics 204 

Molded  Plastics  215 

Molding    Blanks    248 

Resin  Fibres   248 

Plastics  Products 251 

Directory  of  Names  and  Addresses  263 

Trade  Names  322 


Plastics  Annual  Directory 


On  this  and  following  pages,  PLASTICS  publishes  its  Annual  Directory.  This  first  part  of  the  directory 
is  an  index  to  the  manufacturers  who  supply  the  plastics  parts  and  products,  and  the  materials,  equip- 
ment and  supplies  used  in  their  manufacture.  Also  additional  classifications  are  listed  here,  which  to- 
gether with  the  others  combine  to  form  the  entire  plastics  industry  and  its  associated  industries.  The 
names  and  addresses  of  all  the  firms  listed  here  will  be  found  beginning  on  page  263. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  to  insure  accuracy  of  listings,  based  on  data  supplied  by  manufacturers. 


Calendering 

Bortman   Plastics  Co. 

Firestone    Industrial    Products  Co. 

Goodrich,  B.  F.  Company.  The 

Koroseal  Division 
Respro,   Inc. 

Casting  Resins 

Adhere,   Incorporated 
Art  Plastic  Company 
Bischoff,   Ernst  Co.,  Inc. 
Durei  Plastics 
Marblette  Corporation 
Marco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Co. 
Poly  Resins 

Pyroxylin  Products,  Inc. 
Tennessee   Eastman   Corp. 

Chemicals 

ACCELERATORS 

Hexamethylenetetramine 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Burnet  Company.  The 
du  Pont.  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Heyden  Chemical  Corp. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Potassium  hydroxide 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 

Sodium  hydroxide 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 

Miscellaneous 
Makalot  Corporation 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Company 
Synvar  Corporation 

BASIC 

(for  producing  plastics) 

Acetaldehyde 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Acetic  acid 

Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
Shawmigan   Products  Corp. 

Acetic  anhydride 
American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Ciba  Co.,  Inc. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Maxim  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Acetone 

Baker.  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Doe  &  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Lotte  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

Everett    Div. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.    Louis    Div. 
Stoney-Mueller,    Inc. 

Acetylene 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Sessions-Giffbrd  Co.,  Inc. 

Adipic  acid 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
duPont,    E.  I.de    Nemours  &  Co.    Inc. 

Ammonia  Department 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 

162 


Ally!  alcohol 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Fairmount  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Aluminum  stearate 
Bendix  Chemical  Corporation 
Buroct  Company,  The 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 

Benzaldehyde 

Baker   J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Heyden  Chemical  Corporation 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp. 
N.    V.  Quinine  ft  Chemical   Works 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Beniene 

Arnold,  Hoffman  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
Calco  Chemical  Division 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  &  Ingalls.  Incorporated 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Koppers  Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
•Neville  Company,  The 
N.  Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Works 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Stoney-Mueller,   Incorporated 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Benioic  acid 

Monsanto    Chemical    Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Butadiene 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Matheson  Co..  Int.,  The 

Butane 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Butyl  acetate 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
U.  C.  Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Butyric  acid 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Butyric  anhydride 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Calcium  carbide 
Baker.  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Pacific  Carbide  &  Alloys  Co. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
Shawmigan   Products  Corp. 

Carbon  dioxide 
Doe  &  Ingalls,   Incorporated 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Mathieson    Alkali    Works,    Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical   Company 

Everett   Div. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.   Louis   Div. 

Carbon  monoxide 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Casein 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Casein  Company  of  America 
Doe   &   Inpalls.    Incorporated 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kraft  Chemical   Company 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 


Castor  oil 

(see  Ricinoleic  acid) 

Catechol 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Company 

Cellulose 

Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
Hercules   Powder    Company 

Cellulose  acetate 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Cellulose  acetate  (high  acetyl) 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Cellulose  nitrate 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Cellulose  triacetate 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Chlorine 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Hooker   Electrochemical  Company 
Mathieson  Alkali  Works,  Inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical    Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Niagara  Alkali  Company 
Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Company 
Solvay  Sales  Corp. 
Staurfer  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Wcstvaco    Chlorine    Products    Corp. 

Chlorohydrin 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 

Cotton  flock 
(see   Chemicals— Fillers) 

Cotton  (inters 
(see  Cellulose) 

Coumarone 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Neville  Company,  The 

Cresol 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp. 
Burni-t  Company,  The 
Calco  Chemical  Division 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Doe  &  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Koppers  Company,  Inc. 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical   Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Reilly  Tar  &  Chemical  Corporation 

Cresylic  acid 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  Sc  Dye  Corp. 
Reilly  Tar  &  Chemical  Corporation 

Crotonaldehyde 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Crotonic  acid 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Shawmigan  Products  Corporation 

Cyclopentadiene 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Koppers  Company,  Inc. 

Dipentene 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
Du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Organic    Chemicals    Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Ethyl  cellulose 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Ethyl  chloride 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Doe  &  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Matheson   Co.,   Inc.,  The 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 


Ethyl  sulfate 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
U.  S.  Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Ethylene 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
U.  S.  Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 

Ethylene  chlorhydrin 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City   Chemical   Corporation 

Ethylene  dichloride 
(see    Chemicals — Solvents) 
Ethylene  glycol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Ammonia  Department 
Kraft  Chemical   Company 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
U.  S.   Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Ethylene  oxide 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Formaldehyde 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Burnet   Company,    The 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
duPont,    E.  I.de     Nemours&Co.    Inc. 

Electrochemicals    Department 
Heyden  Chemical  Corporation 
Kay  Fries  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Kraft  Chemical   Company 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Fumaric  acid 
Pfizer,  Chas.  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Furfural 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  ft  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Quaker  Oats  Company 

Furfuryl  alcohol 
Quaker  Oats  Company 
Glycerol 

Armour  and  Company 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Burnet  Company,  The 
Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Darling  &  Company 
Doe  &  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Grasselli   Chemicals   Department 
Emery  Industries,  Inc. 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
N.  Y.  Quinine  &  Chemical  Works 
Philtpp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Procter  &  Gamble  Company,  The 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Hexamethylene  tetramine 
(see  Chemicals — Accelerators) 

Hydrochloric  acid 
American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Baker.  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Ciba  Co.,  Inc. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
duPont,    E. I.de    Nemours&Co.    Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
General  Chemical  Company 
Harshaw   Chemical   Company,   The 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical   Works 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 


St.    Louis   Div. 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


1 


At  Industrial  you  get  skill  and  "know  how"  in  every 
step  of  production.  This  ability  is  the  result  of  25  years  of  experience  in 
plastic  molding.  From  tough  technical  problems  to  simple  jobs, 
every  finished  piece  reflects  Industrial's  technical  skill. 


INDUSTRIAL 

MOLDED  PRODUCTS  CO. 

2035  W.  Charleston  Street,  Chicago  47,  Illinois 


MAttfH 


163 


[Hydrochloric  acid  Conf.l 

Niagara  Alkali  Company 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
Rohm  4  Haas  Company 
Sharpies  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Stauffer  Chemical  Company 

Hydrofuramide 
Quaker  Oats  Company 

Idene 
(see  Chemicals — Binders,  Extenders) 

Isobutane 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Isobutylene 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Isobutyric  acid 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Ammonia   Department 

Linoleic   acid 
Armour  and  Company 
Century   Stearic  Acid   Candle  Works 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Maleic    acid 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Barclay  Chemical  Company 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
National  Aniline   Division 
Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 

Maleic  anhydride 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.   Louis  Div. 

MeUmine 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 

Methyl  alcohol 

Baker,  J.  T.   Chemical  Company 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Ammonia  Department 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemical  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Mallinckrodt   Chemical   Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
N.  Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Works 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Methyl  methacrylate  monome 
American   Resinous  Chemicals 

Methylene  chloride 
City  Chemical  Corporation 

Naphtha 
Barrett   Division,   The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Velsicol  Corp. 

Naphthalene 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  &  IiiKalls,  Incorporated 
Koppers   Company,    Inc. 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.   Louis   Div. 

Reillv  Tar  &  Chemical  Corporation 
Velsicol  Corp. 

Nitric  acid 

(see   Chemicals — Catalysts) 

Nitrobenzene 

Baker,  T.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Calco  Chemical  Division 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 

Nitrogen 

Linde  Air  Products  Company,  The 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Oleic  acid 
(see   Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Oxygen 

Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Linde  Air  Products  Company,  The 
Matheson   Co.    Inc.,   The 

Paraformaldehyde 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Heyden  Chemical  Corporation 

Paraldehyde 

(see   Chemicals — Binders, 
Extenders) 

Pentaerythritol 
Heyden  Chemical  Corporation 

Phenol 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Burnet   Company,   The 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 

164 


(Phenol  Con*.] 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
Koppers  Company,  Inc. 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Reilly  Tar  4  Chemical  Corporation 

Phthalic  anhydride 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Monsanto   Chemical    Company 
St.   Louis  Div. 

Phthalyl  chloride 

Monsanto  Chemical   Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Polyvinyl   acetate 
(see    Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Propylene 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Resorcin 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Company 

Ricinoleic  acid 
Amecco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Baker  Caster  Oil  Co..  The 
Beacon  Company,  The 
Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 
City  Chemical  Corporation 

Sebacic  acid 
Amecco  Chemicals,   Inc. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Fairmount  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Hardesty  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Resinous  Products  4  Chemical  Co. 

Sodium  cyanide 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker    J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe   4    Ingalls,    Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Sodium  hydroxide 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hooker   Electrochemical   Company 
Mathieson  Alkali  Works.  Inc.,  The 
Niagara  Alkali  Company 
Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Company 
Solvay  Sales  Corp. 
Westvaco    Chlorine    Products    Corp. 

Stearic  acid 
(see   Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Styrene 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Dow  Chemical  Company.  The 
Monsanto   Chemical   Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Newport  Industries,  Inc. 

Sulfuric  acid 
(see  Chemicals — Catalysts) 

Thiourea 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Urea 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Vinyl  acetate 

Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Wood  chips 
Connor  Lumber  4  Land  Company 

Xylenol 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 

Zinc  stearate 
(see    Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Miscellaneous 

Connecticut    Hard    Rubber    Company 
Darling  4  Company 
Emulsol  Corporation.  The 

BINDERS,  EXTENDERS 

Alltylurea  derivative 
Sharpies  Chemicals,   Inc. 

Aniline  formaldehyde 
Ciba  Products  Corporation 

Asphalt 

Allied  Asphalt  4  Mineral  Corp. 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 


[Asphalt  Con*.] 

Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Hercules    Powder    Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,   Inc. 

Asphaltite 

Barber  Asphalt  Corporation 

Castor  oil 

Arnold,  Hoffman  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Baker  Castor  Oil  Co.,  The 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Maxim  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Coal   tar    pitch 

American   Firstoline   Corporation 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Koppers  Company,   Inc. 
Los  Angeles  Chemical  Co. 
Reilly  Tar  4  Chemical  Corporation 

Copal 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Crefol 
(see   Chemicals — Basic) 

Dammar 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 

Ester   gum 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Furfural 
(see  Chemicals — Basic) 

Furyl  alcohol 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 

Gilsonite 

Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Glycerol   esters 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Emulsol  Corporation,  The 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Stresen-Reuter,  Fred'k.  A..  Inc. 

Glycerol  phthalate 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Stresen-Reuter,  Fred'k.  A.,  Inc. 

Indene 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Neville  Company,  The 

Maleic  anhydride 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Monsanto    Chemiccal    Company 

Everett    Div. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Para-coumarone  indene 
Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chemical 
(see  Chemicals — Basic  Plastics,  Cou- 
marone  indene) 

Paraldehyde 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
N.  Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Works 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Polyvinyl  acetate 
(see   Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Rosin 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Shellac 

Burnet  Company,  The 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  &  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 


PLASTICS 


Miscellaneous 

Garfield   Manufacturing  Company 
Interlake  Chemical  Corporation 
Paisley  Products,  Inc. 
Scher  Brothers 

CATALYSTS 

Acetyl   benzoyl   peroxide 
Lucidol  Corporation 

Aluminum  chloride 
American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Ohio- Apex,  Inc. 

Ammonia 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Colonial  Chemical  Company 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Ammonia  Department 
General  Chemical  Company 
Mathieson  Alkali  Works,  Inc. 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical   Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Solvay  Sales  Corp. 

Benzoyl  peroxide 
Lucidol  Corporation 

Boron  trifluoride 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Matheson   Co.    Inc.,  The 

Carbon  black 

American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Binney  4  Smith  Co. 
Burnet  Company,  The 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Philipp  Brothers,   Inc. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Chromic  acid 

American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Du  Port,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Mallinckrodt   Chemical   Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
N.  Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Works 

Cupric  oxide 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 

Cuprous  chloride 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Ferric  chloride 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Ciba  Co.,  Inc. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Dow  Chemical   Company,  The 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hooker   Electrochemical   Company 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical   Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 

Hexamethylenetetramine 
(see  Chemicals — Accelerators) 

Hydrochloric  acid 
(see  Chemicals — Basic) 

Hydrogen  peroxide 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Companj 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electiochemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 

Iodine 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
General  Chemical  Company 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Iron  powder 
Plastic  Metals,  Inc. 

Lauroyl  peroxide 
Lucidol  Corporation 

Lead 

American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Bendix  Chemical  Corporation 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Lead  acetate 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
American  Firstoline  Company 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 

MARCH  1945 


-FOR  CUPS  OR  CLOSURES 
-PACKAGES  OR  PING  PONG  BALLS 


4fe  Where  plastic  items  are  produced  in  hundreds 

BL  of  thousands,  the  cellulosic  plastics  almost 
/  1  invariably  are  first  choice  .  .  .  because  they 
provide  more  useful  properties  than  any  other  materials 

Take  this  collapsible,  cellulose  acetate  drinking 
cup—  produced  by  Wecolite  Company,  New  York. 
It  weighs  but  two  ounces.  Is  tough  enough  to 
take  severe  shocks.  Water  cannot  harm  its 
lustrous  finish.  Transparency  enables  it  to  serve  as 
a  measuring  cup. 

And  cellulose  acetate  cuts  costs  to  the  bone- 
through  high-speed  injection  molding. 
Ten  pieces,  or  two  complete  cups,  are  formed 
completely  and  ready  for  assembly  in  a  few  seconds. 

Hercules  does  not  make  plastics,  but  supplies  the 
high-quality  cellulose  derivatives  from  which  they  are 
made.  For  data,  write  Cellulose  Products,  Dept.  P. 

HERCULES  POWDEP^COMPANY 


INCORPORATED 


924  MARKET  STREET  •  WILMINGTON  99,  DELAWARE 


HEI&ULES 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
CELLULOSE  NITRATE 
ETHYL  CELLULOSE 


Only  the  cellulosics  offer  this  wide  combination  of  properties 


TOUGHNESS  . . .  Even  terrific  drop  hammer  blows  cannot 
shatter  metal-shaping  dies  cast  from  ethyl  cellulose. 

COLOR  ABILITY  .  .  .  Pastels,  opaques,  transparent*,  trans- 
lucent*, whites,  ivories,  pearls  .  .  .  high  luster  and 
eye-appeal. 

ODORLESS,  tasteless,  cellulose  acetate  or  ethyl  cellulose 
meets  a  thousand  packaging  needs. 

LIOMT  WEIGHT,  high  impact  resistance,  resiliency  permit 
thinner  wall  sections  than  with  any  other  plastic*. 

LOW  COST  keeps  production  expense*  down;  profit*  up. 
Low  specific  gravity,  thinner  wall  construction  possible, 
gives  more  pieces  per  pound. 


NO  WASTE  . . .  Every  bit  of  scrap  in  molding,  extrusion, 

MARCH  194.')  PLASTICS 


other  forming  operations,  can  be  reclaimed  and  re-u*ed. 
No  chemical  change  takes  place. 

EASILY  FABRICATED  . .  .  Can  be  injection  or  compression 
molded,  extruded,  drawn,  swaged,  blown,  easily  ma- 
chined with  standard  tools. 

RIGID  OR  FLEXIBLE  as  desired  . . .  flexibility  for  movie  film 
or  tubing  .  .  .  rigidity  for  billiard  balls  or  hardware. 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  meet  many  exacting  requirements 
...  for  magnet  coils,  wire  insulation,  electrical  housings. 

CRYSTAL  CLARITY  .  .  .  X-ray  film,  aircraft  cowlings, 
watch  crystals,  demonstrate  water-white  transparency. 

STABILITY  .  .  .  Collectively  the  cellulosic*  are  stable  in 
form  and  finish  over  a  wide  and  useful  range  of  exposure* 
to  moisture,  solvents,  acids,  alkalirs. 


16.'. 


ILead  acetate  Conf.l 

Bendix  Chemical  Corporation 

du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicala  Department 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  dc  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
General  Chemical  Company 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Lima 

City  Chemical  Corporation 

Doe  &  InRalls,  Incorporated 

du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
General  Chemical  Company 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Manganese  acetate 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Mercury  sulfate 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  &  Co.,  Inc. 
N.  Y.  Quinine  &  Chemical  Works 
Pfizer,  Chas.  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Nickel 

City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Nitric  acid 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
American  Firstolinc  Corporation 
Atlas  Powder  Company 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Bendix  Chemical  Corporation 
Calco  Chemical  Division 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co..  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
Oriffin  Chemical  Company 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Hummel    Chemical   Company,   Inc. 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Lotte  Chemical   Company,   Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

Everett   Div. 


Monsanto    Chemical    Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 

Jf.  Y.   Quinine  ft  Chemical  Works 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Rohm  4  Haas  Company 
Stauffer  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Perbenzoic  acid 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Mallenckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  4  Company,  Inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical   Company 

St.   Louis   Div. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Phosphoric  acid 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Darling  4  Company 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc 

Electrochemicals  Department 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Lotte  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Maxim  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical   Company 

Everett  Div. 
Monsanto   Chemical    Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 

N.    Y.   Quinine  ft   Chemical   Works 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Victor  Chemical  Works 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Phosphorus  oxychloride 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 

Phosphorus  trichloride 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 

166 


Potassium 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 

City  Chemical  Corporation 

du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Fairmount  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Potassium  hydroxide 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Colonial  Chemical  Company 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Niagara  Alkali  Company 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Solvay  Sales  Corp. 
Westvaco    Chlorine    Products    Corp. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

Sodium 

American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Arnold,  Hoffman  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals    Department 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
N.  Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Worki 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 

Sodium  hydroxide 
American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Phillips  4  Jacobs 
Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Company 

Sodium  peroxide 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  ft  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Du  Pont.  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Mallinckrodt   Chemical    Works 
Merck   ft   Co.,   Inc. 


Sodium  ttearate 
American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Stannic  chloride 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 

Sulfuric  acid 

American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
U.  S.  Rubber  Company 

New  York  Div. 

Tertiary   butyl    hydroperoxide 
Union  Bay  State  Company 

Tertiary  butyl  perbenzoate 
Union  Bay  State  Company 

Toluene  fulfonic  acid 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.    Louis  Div. 

Trlmethylamina 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Matheson  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Rohm  ft  Haas  Company 

Vanadium  pentoxide 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Fairmount  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Zinc  chloride 

American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Doe  ft  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals    Department 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Grasselli  Chemicals  Department 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Philipp  Brothers,  Inc. 
Rohm  4  Haas  Company 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 

FILLERS 

Alumina  hydrate 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 

Asbestine 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 


Asbestos 

Burnet  Company,  The 
Carey,  Philip  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Ruberoid  Co.,  The 

Blanc  fixe 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 

Calcium  carbonate 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 

Cord,  tire 
Clipper  Products   Company 

Cotton  flock 
Bamberger,   A. 
Becker,  Moore  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Burnet  Company,  The 
Claremont  Waste  Manufacturing  Co. 
Composition  Materials  Co.,  Inc. 
Hall  Line  Corporation 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Mecum,  Clarke  W. 
Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I.,  Inc. 

Diatomaceous  earth 
American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
Burnet   Company,   The 
Chemical   Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Dicalite  Company,  The 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Johns  Manville  Sales  Corp. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,    Inc. 

Fabric 
Clipper  Products  Company 

Glass   (Fiberglas) 
Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corp. 

Ground  nut  shells 
Composition  Materials  Co.,  Inc. 

Leather  flock 
Composition  Materials  Co.,  Inc. 

Macerated  fabric 
Clipper  Products  Company 
Mecum,  Clarke  W. 
Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I.,  Inc. 

Mica 

Burnet  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Mineralite  Sales  Corp. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

Organic  fibre 
Composition  Materials  Co..  Inc. 

Potato  starch 
Paisley  Products,  Inc. 

Rayon  flock 
Claremont  Waste   Manufacturing  Co. 

Sawdust 
Montreal  Sawdust  ft   Woodflour 

Staarine  pitch 
Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 

Talc 

Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Loomis,  W.  H.  Talc  Corporation 

Talc  &  limestone 
Carbola  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 

Tapioca-potato  dextrine 
Paisley  Products,  Inc. 

Twine 
Hall  Line  Corporation 

Walnut  shell  flour 
Agicide   Laboratories,   Inc. 

Wood  flour 

Becker,  Moore  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Burnet  Company,  The 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Composition   Materials  Co.,  Inc. 
Connor  Lumber  ft  Land  Company 
Doe  ft  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Lignum   Chemical   Works,   The 
Montreal   Sawdust  ft  Woodflour 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Wood  Flour,  Inc. 

Wool  flock 
Claremont  Waste  Manufacturing  Co. 

Miscellaneous 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

MOLD  LUBRICANTS 


Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Hall,  C.    P.  Company,  The 
Kessler   Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Worki 
Metasap  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical   Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 

Plymouth  Organic  Labs.,  Inc. 
Protective  Coatings,  Inc. 
Warwick  Chemical  Company 

PEARL  ESSENCE 

Bach,  Leo 
Mearl  Corp. 


PLASTICS 


PIGMENTS,  DYES 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Ansbacher    Siegle    Corp. 
Binney  &  Smith  Co. 
Burnet   Company,  The 
Calco  Chemical  Division 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Ciba  Co.,  Inc. 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Great  American  Color  Co. 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Krieger  Color  ft  Chemical  Co. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp. 
Schwartz   Chemical  Co. 
Uhlich,  Paul  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Wilmington    Chemical   Corporation 
Wilson  Carbon  Company 
Zinser  ft  Company,  Inc 

PIGMENTS,  DYES, 
(Luminescent) 

American  Firstoline  Corporation 
American  Luminous  Products  Co. 
General  Luminescent  Corp. 
New  Jersey  Zinc  Company,  The 
Rhode  Island  Laboratories,   Inc. 
Warwick  Chemical  Company 

PLASTICIZERS 

Acetamide 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Acetanilide 

Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Department 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical   Works 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 

N.   Y.  Quinine  4  Chemical  Works 
Sherwin-Williams  Co.,   Inc. 

Acetyl  tributyl  citrate 
Pfizer,  Chas.  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Aeetyl  triethyl  citrate 
Pfizer,  Chas.  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Aluminum  stearate 
Metasap  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 

Amyl  esters 

Kessler  Chemical   Co.,  Inc. 
Amyl  phthalate 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
U.  S.  Industrial  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Benzaldehyde 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Benzyl  alcohol 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Butoiy  ethyl  stearate 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,   Incorporated 

Butyl  "cellosolve"  esters 
Kessler  Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 

Butyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 

Butyl  oleate 

Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Kessler   Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 
National  Oil  Products  Company 

Butyl  phthalate 
American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  4  Dye  Corp. 
Carbide    and    Carbon    Chemicals 
City    Chemical    Corporation 
Doe  4  Ingalls,  Incorporated 
Kraft    Chemical    Company 
Sherwin-Williams  Co.,   The 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Butyl    phthalyl    butyl    glycolate 
Monsanto  Chemical   Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Butyl  roleate 

Hardesty   Chemical    Co.,    Inc. 

Butyl  sebacate 
Amecco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Reichhold    Chemicals,    Inc. 
Resinous   Products  4  Chemicals   Co. 

Butyl  stearate 

Kessler   Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 
National  Oil  Products  Company 

Calcium  stearate 
Beacon  Company,  The 
Burnet   Company,   The 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Metasap  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 

Camphor 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 

Capryl  alcohol 
Hardesty    Chemical    Co.,    Inc. 

MARCH  1945 


Every  day  brings  new  miracles  in  plastics  . . .  and 
their  efficient,  economical  mass  production  is 
accelerated  by  the  use  of  R-B  Interchangeable 
Punches  and  Dies.  Undoubtedly  there  are  many 
piercing  operations  in  your  plant  that  can  be 
made  more  efficient  by  the  use  of  these  versatile 
tools.  Investigate  the  many  money-saving  possi- 
bilities in  your  multiple  punching  operations  . . . 
write  for  your  copy  of  the  R-B  Catalogue  today. 


"ITS  AN  ALLIED  PRODUCT"  .  .  .  Allied  Products  Corpora- 
tion and  its  divisions,  Richard  Brothers  and  Victor-Peninsu- 
lar, in  Detroit  and  Hillsdale,  Michigan,  also  make:  steam- 
heated  plastic  molds,  sheet  metal  dies  (from  the  largest  to  the 
smallest),  cold  forged  parts,  hardened  and  precision  ground 
pans,  cap  screws,  jigs  and  fixtures  and  special  production  tools. 

ALLIED  PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 

D«p«rtm«nl    19,   4646   Lawlon    Av.nu.,    Detroit   I,   Michigan 
:•»••<•  fc.  1  fi7 


Carbitol  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Cardanol 

Irvington  Varnish  &  Insulator  Co. 

"Cellosolve"  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
"Cellosolve"   monoricinoleata 
Glyco  Products  Co.,   Inc. 

Chlorinated  diphenyl 

Monsanto    Chemical    Company 
St.   Louis  Div. 

Chlorinated  naphthalene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Chlorinated   paraffin 
Amecco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Diamond  Alkali  Company 
Hercules   Powder   Company 

Chlorpropane  (liquid) 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Chlorpropane  (wax) 
Hooker  Electrochemical   Company 

Cresol  derivative 
Koppers  Company,  Inc. 

Cresylic  acid 
Burnet   Company.   The 
Koppers  Company,  Inc. 
Phihpp    Brothers,    Inc. 

Cyclohexanol 
Barrett    Division,    The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
DuPont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc 

Ammonia  Department 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 
Rohm   &    Haas   Company 

Cyclohexyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Cyclohexyl  levulinate 
Glyco    Products    Co.,    Inc. 

Cyclohexyl  stearate 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp. 
Beacon  Company,  The 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Diacotin 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Diamyl  naphthalene 
Sharpies  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Diamyl  phthalate 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 
Dibenzyl  sebacate 
Resinous    Products    ft    Chemical    Co. 

Dibutoxy  ethyl  phthalate 
Ohio-Apex,    Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,   Incorporated 

Dibutyl  phthalate 
American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
Barrett    Division,    The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
Burnet  Company,  The 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
Kay  Fries  Chemicals.  Inc. 
Monsanto    Chemical    Company 

St.    Louis    Div. 

Pennsylvania  Alcohol  It  Chemical 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Dibutyl  sebacate 
Hardesty  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 

Dibutyl  tartrate 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Dicapryl  phthalate 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 

Di-carbitol  phthalate 
Ohio-Apex,   Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,   Incorporated 

Diethoxy  ethyl  phthalate 

Stoney-Mueller,    Incorporated 

Diethyl  adipate 
Eastman  Kodak  Company 

Diethyl  phthalate 
Kay  Fries  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Monsanto    Chemical    Company 

St.    Louis   Div. 

Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 
Stoney-Mueller,   Incorporated 

Diethyl  succinate 

City    Chemical    Corporation 

DIethylene  glycol  dllactate 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 

DIethylene  glycol  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co..  Inc. 

Diethylene  glycol   mono  laurate 
Glyco  Products  Co..   Inc. 

Dimethoxy   ethyl   phthalate 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

168 


Dimethyl  glycol  phthalate 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 

Dimethyl  phthalate 
American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Carbide    and    Carbon    Chemicals 
Hercules  Powder   Company 
Kay  Fries  Chemicals,  inc. 
Monsanto   Chemical    Company 

St.    Louis   Div. 

Pennsylvania  Alcohol  ft  Chemical 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Dioctyl  phthalate 
Carbide  and   Carbon  Chemicals 
Chemical    Manufacturing  Company 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Di  (ortho  xenyl)   mono-phenyl 

phosphate 

Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Di-phenyl  mono-(ortho  xenyl) 

phosphate 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 

Diphenyl  phthalate 

Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.   Louis  Div. 

DIpropylene    glycol    esters 
Kessler  Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 

Ethoxy  glycol  phthalate 
Ohio-Apex,   Inc. 

Ethyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Ethyl  phthalyl  ethyl  glycolate 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.   Louis  Div. 

Ethyl  en  e   glycol  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Furfural 
(see  Chemicals — Basic) 

Furfuryl  alcohol 
(see  Chemicals — Basic) 

Glycerol 
(see  Chemicals — Basic) 

Glycerol  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Glycerol  ricinoleate 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Stresen-Reuter,   Fred'k  A.,   Inc. 

Hexachlorbenzene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Hexachlorbutadiene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Hexachlorethane 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Hexachlorpropylene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Hexamethylenetetramine 
(see  Chemicals — Accelerators) 

Isobutyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co..  Inc. 

Isopropyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Lactic  acid 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Company 

Magnesium  Stearate 
Mallinclrrodt  Chemical  Works 

Methoxy    ethyl    acetyl    ricinoleate 
Ohio-Apex,   Inc. 
Stoney-Mneller,  Incorporated 

Methoxy  ethyl  oleate 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Methyl  acetyl  ricinoleate 
Baker  Castor  Oil  Co..  The 

Methyl  benzoyl  benzoate 
American    Cyanamid   &   Chemical 
City  Chemical  Corporation 

Methyl   "cellosolve"   esters 
Eastman  Kodak  Company 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 

Methyl  cyclohexanol 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Methyl   dichlor  stearate 
Hooker  Electrochemical   Company 

Methyl  esters 
Kessler   Chemical    Co.,   Inc. 

Methyl  pentachlor  stearate 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 
Methyl   phthalyl  ethyl  glycolate 
Monsanto    Chemical    Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Methyl  stearate 
National  Oil  Products  Company 


Octyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Oleic  acid 

Amecco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Armour  and  Company 
Baker  Castor  Oil  Co.,  The 
Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Darling  &  Company 
Emery  Industries,  Inc. 
Hummel  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 
Kessler  Chemical  Co ,  Inc. 
Merck  &  Co.,  I»c. 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,  Inc. 
Woburn  Degreasing  Co.  of  N.J. 

o  and  p  toluene  ethyl  sulfonamide 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

o  and  p  toluene  sulfonamide 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 
St.  Louis  Div. 

Pentachlor  phenyl  benzoate 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Pentaerythrltol  esters 
Hercules  Powder  Company 

Phthalic  anhydride 
American  Cyanamid  ft  Chemical 
Baker,  J.   T.   Chemical  Company 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp.  . 

City    Chemical    Corporation 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.  Louis  Div. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Polyamyl  naphthalene 
Sharpies  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Polyethylene    glycol   esters 
Kessler  Chemical   Co.,   Inc. 

Propylene  glycol  esters 
Kessler  Chemical   Co.,  Inc. 
Polyvinyl  acetate 
du  Pont.  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co..  Inc. 

Electrochemical?    Department 
Shawinigan    Products   Company 

Sorbitol  esters 
Atlas  Powder  Company 
Glyco  Products  Co. 

Stearic  acid 
Amecco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Armour  and  Company 
Baker  Castor  Oil  Co.,  The 
Century  Stearic  Acid  Candle  Works 
City    Chemical    Corporation 
Darling  4  Company 
Emery  Industries,  Inc. 
Hummel   Chemical    Company,    Inc. 
Kessler   Chemical   Co..    Inc. 
Nfallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Wishnick-Tumpeer,   Inc. 
Woburn  Degreasing  Co..  of  N.J. 

Succinic  acid 
Merck  ft  Co..  Inc. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied    Chemical   *   Dye  Corp. 

Succinic  anhydride 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
National  Aniline  Division 

Allied  Chemical  ft  Dye  Corp. 

Sucrose  octa  acetate 
Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

TetrahydroTurfuryl  alcohol 
Quaker  Oats  Company 

Tetrahydrofurfuryl  oleate 
Glyco  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Trlacetin 

Chemical   Manufacturing  Company 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Kay  Fries  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,   Inc. 

Tributoxy  ethyl  phosphate 
Ohio-Apex,  Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Tributyl  citrate 
Pfizer,  Chas.  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

Tricresyl  phosphate 
Celanese    Plastics    Corporation 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.    Louis   Div. 
Ohio-Apex,   Inc. 

Pennsylvania  Alcohol  ft  Chemical 
Stoney-Mueller,    Incorporated 

Trtethyl  citrate 
Pfirer,  Chas.  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Triglycol  dioctoata 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 


i'l.   \*TH  * 


Trioctyl  phosphate 
Westvaco  Chlorine   Products  Corp. 
Tri-(para  tert-butylphenyl) 

phosphate 

Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Triphenyl  phosphate 
Kay   Fries  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

St.   Louis  Div. 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Undecyl  esters 
Kessler  Chemical  Co.,  Inc. 

Zinc  stearate 

American  Firstoline  Corporation 
Beacon  Company,  The 
Bendix  Chemical  Corporation 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical   Works 
Merck  &  Co.,   Inc. 
Metasap  Chemical  Company,  Inc. 

Miscellaneous 

Advance  Solvents  &  Chemical 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Century   Stearic  Acid   Candle  Works 
Connecticut   Hard   Rubber   Company 
Emery    Industries,    Inc. 
Emulsol  Corporation,  The 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Irvington  Varnish  &  Insulator  Co. 
Kessler    Chemicals   Co.,    Inc. 
Mallinckrodt   Chemical   Works 
Neville  Company,  The 
Procter  &  Gamble  Company,  The 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 
Schwartz  Chemical  Co. 
United  States  Rubber  Company 

Naugatuk  Chemical  Div. 
Wilmington  'Chemical  Corporation 
Woburn  Degreasing  Co.  of  N.J. 

RESEARCH 
(for  laboratories,  pilot 
plants) 

Edwal  Laboratories,  Inc.,  The 
Fine  Organics,  Inc. 
Mallinckrodt  Chemical  Works 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 

SOLVENTS 

Acetal 

Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Acetone 

Burnet    Company,    The 
Carbide   and   Carbon    Chemicals 
Chemical   Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Merck  ft  Co.,  Inc. 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Stoney-Muller,  Incorporated 

Acetonitrfle 

Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 

Alcohol 
City  Chemical  Corporation 

Alphachlornaphthalene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Amy)  acetate 

Pennsylvania  Alcohol  ft  Chemical 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 

Amyl,  butyl,  ethyl  propionates 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  ft  Chemical 

Benzol 

Barrett    Division,    The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 

Benzyl  alcohol 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Butane 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 

Butanol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Butyl  acetate 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Butyl  "Carbitol" 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Butyl  "Cellosolve" 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Butyric  acid 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Capryl  alcohol 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 

"Carbitol" 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Carbon  bisulphide 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Baker,  J.  T.  Chemical  Co. 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 


MARCH 


Aisembly 
Blanking 
Broaching 
Buffing 
CounUr- 
Boring 
Sinking 
Drilling 
Engraving 
Filing 


Mobbing 

Jointing 

Marking 

Milling 

Planing 

Piercing 

Punching 

Post  Forming 

Reaming 


on  accurate  fabrication  of  long  or  short  runs  of  parts  and  products 
produced  In  plastics  to  meet  your  particular  requirements. 


equipment  and  skill  which,  during  recent  years,  have  so  effectively 
aided  the  nation's  largest  users  of  laminated  parts  to  meet  the 
exacting  deadlines  of  their  war-time  production  schedules. 


Shaving 
Silk- 

Screening 
Spraying 
Tapping 
Threading 
Tumbling 
Turning 
Varnishing  and 

Many  Others 


which,  because  of  its  magnitude  and  the  adequacy  of  supervision, 
enables  on-schedule  delivery  of  large  production  runs,  or  small 
quantities  and  experimental  jobs. 


Aid  i 


*  Laminated     Phenolic. 

— paper 
-fabric 
— asbestos 
—wood 
—fibre  glat* 

*  MeUmlne  Formaldehydes    *  Vulcanized  Fibres 

*  Neoprene  *  Sheets— Rods— Tub 


Mcd&uaU, 

+  Cellulose  Acetates 
•(V  Methyl  Methacrylate 

*  Polystyrene 

*  Fish  Paper 

*  Cork,  and 


Mf 

to  your  use,  at  moderate  cost,  various  types  of  plastics,  which 
provide  such  qualities  as  lightness,  strength,  durability,  reduction 
of  friction,  noise  and  vibration,  absorption  of  shock-impact, 
uniformity  of  wear,  and  resistance  to  corrosion,  temperature 
changes  and  moisture. 

Whether  your  requirements  involve  intricate  or  simpla  shapes,  closa 
or  liberal  tolerances,  large  or  small  quantities,  immediate  or  future 
deliveries,  we  believe  we  can  meet  your  needs  satisfactorily.  Without 
cost  or  obligation,  consult  us  concerning  selection,  febrication  and 
use  of  plastics  for  your  purposes.  For  prompt  quotations,  send 
samples  or  prints. 


MclNERNEY 


Chicago:  205  W.  Wacker  Drive 
Detroit:  911   Fisher  Bldg. 


35  Commerce    Ave.,  S.  W. 
GRAND  RAPIDS  2.  MICH. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTI  f'S 


169 


Carbon  tetrachloride 
Diamond   Alkali   Company 
Hall,  C.   P.   Company.  The 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Product!  Corp. 

"Cellosolve" 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Chlorpropane  (liquid) 

(see   Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Cyclohexane 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 

Cyelohexanol 

Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Company 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Cyclohexanone 
Barrett  Division,  The 
Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 

Denatured  alcohol 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  4  Chemical 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Diacetone  alcohol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Dlethylene  glycol 
Carbide   and   Carbon   Chemicals 

Diisobutyl   ketone 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Dioxane 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Ethanol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Ethyl  acetate 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
City  Chemical  Corporation 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  ft  Chemical 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Ethyl  ether 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Ethyl  lactate 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 
Stoney-Muller,  Incorporated 

2-Ethylbutanol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

2-Ethylhexanol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Ethylene  dibromlde 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 

Ethylene  dichloride 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 
City  Chemical   Corporation 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp 

Ethylene  glycol 
Carbide   and   Carbon    Chemicals 

Fusel  oil 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 

Heptane 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 

Heptanol-2 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Haxachlorbutadiena 
(see  Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Hexachlorpropylene 
(see  Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Hexane 
Hall,  C.  P.  Company,  The 

Itophorone 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Itopropanol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Isopropyl  acetate 
Carbide    and    Carbon    Chemicals 

Isopropyl  alcohol 
Phillips  &  Jacobs 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Isopropyl  chloride 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Isopropyl  ether 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

MesHyl  oxide 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Methanol 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Colonial  Chemical   Company 
du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals   Department 
Merck  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Stoney-Mueller,    Incorporated 

Methyl  acetate 
Niacet   Chemicals   Corporation 
Stoney-Mueller,  Incorporated 

Methyl  acetone 

Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Phillips  ft  Jacobs 

170 


Methyl  alcohol 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 

Methyl  "Cellosolve" 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Methyl  cyclohexanol 
(see  Chemicals — Plasticizers) 

Methyl  hexyl  ketone 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co 

Methylene  chloride 
Chemical  Manufacturing  Company 

Monochlorbenzene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Monochlortoluene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Normal  butyl  acetate 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 

Normal  butyl  alcohol 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 

Orthodichlorbenzene 
Hooker  Electrochemical  Company 

Pent-acetate 

Sharpies  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Pentasol 
Sharpies  Chemicals,   Inc. 

Perchlorethylene 
Westvaco  Chlorine  Products  Corp. 

Polyethylene  glycol 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Propane 
Hall.  C.  P.  Company,  The 

Solvent  alcohol 
Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 

Tetrahydrofurfuryl  alcohol 
[see    Chemicals — Plasticizers] 

Toluol 
Barrett    Division,   The 

Allied  Chemical  *  Dye  Corp. 
Neville  Company,  The 

Trichlorbeniene 
Hooker  Electrochemical   Company 

Trichlorethylene 
Chemical   Manufacturing  Company 

Triqlycol  dichloride 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Triqlycol  dihexoate 
Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 

Xylenol 
Merck  It  Co.,  Inc. 

Xylol 
Barrett  Division,  The 

Allied   Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
Neville  Company,  The 

Coalers 

FABRIC,  PAPER 

Athol    Manufacturing  Company 
Bancroft,  Joseph  ft  Sons  Company 
Bortman  Plastics  Co. 
Chase.  L.  C.  ft  Co. 
Columbus  Coated  Fabrics  Corp. 
Endurette  Corporation  of  America 
General  Laminating.  Inc. 
Goodrich.  B.  F.  Company,  The 

Koroseal  Division 
Landers  Corporation,  The 
Plasticote  Co. 
Screen  Process  Company 
Standard   Coated  _  Products 
Standard  Insulation  Company 
Textileather  Corporation 
Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  The 
Zapon-Keratol  Division 

Atlas  Powder  Company 

METAL,  WIRE 

Celanese   Plastics   Corporation 
Plastic  Coating  Co. 
Screen  Process  Company 
Tensolite  Corporation.  The 
Wendt-Sonis  Company 

Consultants, 

Designers,  Engineers, 

Researchers 

CONSULTANTS 

Aircraft  Parts  Development  Corp. 

Aleks,    Vytant 

Alexander,  Jerome 

Allen,  Elliot  A. 

American  Plastics  Engineering  Co. 

Aries,  Robert  S. 

Associate    Engineering    Company 

Auerbach.   Alfred   Associates 

Bach,  Alfons  Associates 

Bacon,  Frederick  S. 

Barsky  and  Strauss,  Inc. 


[Consultants  Cont.l 

Bartolucci-Waldheim 

Bonwitt,   Dr.   Gustave   L. 

Boulware-Berry  Associates 

Bry,  Paul 

Budlong,  Robert  D.,  Inc. 

Bullock-Smith    Associates 

Bureau,  Achille  G. 

California    Plastic   Products   Co. 

Calva,   J.    B.   ft   Co. 

Chapman,  Dave 

Conley,  Leonard  B. 

Davies,  Charles 

DeBell  ft  Richardson 

De  Bell,  George  W. 

Derham,  Philip  A. 

Designers  for  Industry,  Inc.  (111.) 

Designers  for  Industry,  Inc.    (Ohio) 

Deskey,   Donald  Assoc. 

Devenco,   Incorporated 

Di  Cyan  ft   Brown 

Diamond,   Freda 

Dockendorff,  V.  A. 

Dohner  ft  Lippincott 

Engineering    Associates 

Eppenstein.  James  F.  ft  Associates 

Esselen,   Gustavus  J.,   Inc. 

Flamm   Bros. 

Gallay,    Dr.    Wilfred 

Gast,    George    August 

Gordon,   J.    M. 

Graham,   Crowley   ft  Associates,   Inc. 

Hallward,    Michael,    Inc. 

lanelli  Studios 

Industrial    Conversions 

Industrial   Plastics  Corp.    (Wis.) 

Institute  of   Design 

lennett,  Henry 

Jensen,   Gustav 

Johnson-Cushing-Nevell 

Karlstad,    Andrew    C. 

Koblick,    Freda 

Lamb,   Tom    Co.,    Inc. 

Lescaze,    Wm. 

Levey,    Harold    A.    Laboratory 

Liebes,    Dorothy   W. 

Mangan  ft  Eckland 

Martial   ft  Scull 

Marx,    Erich 

Maywald.    Elmer    C. 

Mehrer,   Ted 

Menard,    Omer   A. 
Minnesota  Mining  ft  Mfg.  Co. 
Milwaukee    Industrial    Designers 
Modern    Plastics   Engineering   Co. 
Muller-Munk,  Peter 
Nu-Lite  Manufacturing  Co. 
Norton,   Arthur   J. 
Obrig,   Gordon   Associates 
Pearson.    Frederick  Z. 

Pellegrin,  E.   D. 

Plastic   Engineering  Laboratories 

Plastics  Service  Co. 

Plastics  Technical   Associates 

Poliner,  William 

Plastite  Adhesive  Cement  Co. 

Post   ft   Johnson,    Inc. 

Product  Designers 

Radio  Frequency  Labs..  Inc. 

Product  Engineering  ft  Mfg.  Co. 

Rae,  J.  Fraser 

Reade.  Martin  George,  Inc. 

Richards,  Harper 

Rideout  ft  Payer 

Rodier,  Robert 

Root,  John  W. 

Sanders,   Morris 

Schepp.  Wm.  J.  Co.,   Inc. 

Scotland,  C.  A. 

Shaeffer.  Norbert 

Simon,  Lewis  B. 

Simonds,   Herbert   R. 

Simonds,  J.  Earl 

Snell.  Foster  D..  Inc. 

Sowa  Chemical  Co. 

Stringfield,  R.  B. 

Strothman.  E.   P. 

Sundberg-Ferar 

Textloid  Products  Co. 

Tour,  Sam  ft  Co. 

United  States  Testing  Company,  Inc. 

Van  Doren.  Nowland  and 

Schladermundt 
Vassos,  John 
Vavrik,  Louis 
Versen,  Kurt  Company 
Vin-Sea  Corporation 
Wacker,  George  W. 
Waltman,  C.    E.  &  Associates 
Wein.  Samuel 
Wilkins,  W.  Burdette 
Winner,  Lewis 
Wormley.  Edward  J. 
Yoh.  H.  L.  Co. 
York  Research  'Corp. 

DESIGNERS 

Airliner  Plastics  Company 

Aleks,  Vytant 

Algoren,  Lionel  C. 

American   Industrial   Instrument   Co. 

American  Plastics  Engineering  Co. 

Arens.  Eemont 

Arlt,  William  If. 

Aronson,  Joseph,  Inc. 

Associate  Engineering  Company 

Bach,  Alfons  Associates 

Bacharach,  Adelaide 


PLASTICS 


[Designers  Cont.l 
Barnes  &  Reinecke 

Bartolucci-Waldheim 

Battalen,  L.  H. 

Baum,  A.  J. 

Bel  Geddes,  Norman  Company 

Bernhard,   Lucian 

Boulware-Berry  Associates 

Brandenburger,  Russell  E. 

Bry,  Paul 

Budlong,  Robert  D.,  Inc. 

Bureau,  Achille  G. 

California    Plastic   Products   Co. 

Chapman,   Dave 

Classic  Studio 

Conley,  Leonard  B. 

Cruze,  Charles  Associates 

Culton,  W.  Scott 

Darr,  Harold  W.  Associates 

Dartnell,  T.   L. 

Davies,   Charles 

Design  Service  Co. 

Designers  for  Industry,  Inc.  (111.) 

Designers  for  Industry,   Inc.    (Ohio) 

Deskey,  Donald  Assoc. 

Devenco,  Incorporated 

Diamond,   Freda 

Display  House,  The 

Dockendorff,  V.  A. 

Dohner  &  Lippincott 

Donaldson,  Alice 

Dunne,  Liam 

Ehlert,  Harold   H. 

Eppenstein,  James  F.  &  Associates 

Federico,   Joseph    B. 

Flamm  Bros. 

Franke,  Ann 

Gast,  George  August 

Gershun,  Merton  L. 

Gerth,  Ruth 

Glass,  Henry  P. 

Greene,  Frederick  E. 

Gruen,  Robert  Associates 

Gruen  &  Krummeck 

Hall,  Frances  Cushing 

Hallward,  Michael,  Inc. 

Hamill,  Virginia 

Hart,  James  M. 

Hickrnan,  Royal 

Hodges,  Guv  W.,  Inc. 

Hornung,  Clarence  P. 

lanelli  studios 

Industrial  Conversions 

Industrial    Plastics   Corp.    (Wis.) 

Institute  of  Design 

Jeannette   Display   Studio 

Jenks,  Knipschild  and  Co. 

Jensen,  Gustav 

jiranek,   Leo 

Johnson-Cushing-Nevell 

Karlstad,  Andrew  C. 

Ketcham,  Howard 

Kogan,  Belle 

Korda,  Eugene  J. 

Kosmak.   George 

Kostellow,   Alexander 

Kraber.  George  R. 

Lamb,  Tom  Co.,  Inc. 

Lea-Tek 

Lescaze,  Wm. 

Liebes,    Dorothy   W. 

Loewy,  Raymond  Associates 

McDonald,  Sterling 

Mangan  &  Eckland 

Martial   &   Scull 

Mavco  Sales,   Inc. 

Maywald.  Elmer  C. 

Mehrer,  Ted 

Menard,  Omer  A. 

Miller,  H.  Wood  Co. 

Milwaukee  Industrial  Designers 

Modern  Plastics  Engineering  Co. 

Muller-Munk,  Peter 

National   Lock  Co. 

Obrig,  Gordon  Associates 

Olson   Designers 

O'Neil,  William  ft  Associates 

Paultin.  Ethel  P. 

Pellegrin,  E.  D. 

Plastic  Engineering  Laboratories 

Plastics  Technical  Associates 

Poliner,    William 

Post  ft  Johnson,  Inc. 

Preble,   Harry  Jr. 

Product  Designers 

Product  Engineering  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Reade,   Martin  George,   Inc. 

Reed,  Rowena 

Reynolds,    Harold   F. 

Reynolds,   Raymond    H. 

Richards,    Harper 

Rideout  ft  Payer 

Rodier,    Robert 

Rohde,  Gilbert 

Root,  John  W. 

Russell,   Eugene 

Sakier,   George 

Salvia,   John    A. 

Sanders,  Morris 

Schwadron.  Ernst 

Shaeffer,  Norbert 

Shield,  Robert  W. 

Simon,  Lewis  B. 

Spence-Rigolo 

Stengren,   Jon 

Stensgaard,  W.  L.  ft  Assoc. 

Sundberg-Ferar 

Swanson,  Arthur  ft  Associates 

Swibold,  Duane 

MARCH  1945 


plastic 
coated 
fabrics 


r  * 


These  are  but  a  few  of  the  items  for 
which  our  plastic  coated  fabrics  and 
papers  will  be  used  after  the  war. 

There  are  many  other  applications, 
of  course,  some  of  which  are  already 
familiar  to  our  research  staff — many 
more  have  not  yet  come  to  our  at- 
tention. 

Check  your  post  war  plans.  Do  plas- 
tic coated  fabrics  and  papers  show 
up  anywhere  in  the  picture? 


An  early  contact  with  a  reliable 
source  of  supply  will  give  you  the 
advantage  of  an  early  start  with 
many  of  the  experimental  hurdles 
behind  you. 

We  have  the  plant  facilities  and  the 
experience  to  help  you  build  a  "qual- 
ity line"  right  from  the  start.  Our 
craftsmen  were  among  the  first  to 
master  the  new  and  difficult  tech- 
nique of  applying  the  new  vinyl  res- 
ins to  fabrics  and  papers.  We  are  one 


of  the  largest  suppliers  of  these  fab- 
rics to  our  armed  forces. 

You  name  it— chances  are  we  can 
coat  it.  Your  inquiry  will  be  held  in 
strict  confidence  and  accorded  every 
possible  consideration. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC    FABRICS    DIVISION 

The  Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  22nd  &  Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Plailic    Fabrics    Division:     VINYL    RESIN,    PYROXYLIN    AND    OTHER    PLASTIC    COATINGS    •    PROOFED    FABRICS    AND    PAPERS    •    SIMULATED    LEATHERS 
Ixduilrial    Fabrics     Division:     RUBBER    HOLLANDS    •    VARNISHED    SEPARATOR    CLOTH    •    BOOK    CLOTHS    •    AND    OTHER    SPECIALIZED    FABRICS 
Window    Shod*    Division:       WINDOW    SHADE    CLOTH.    ROLLERS    AND    ACCESSORIES    •    CLOTH    AND    PAPER    WINDOW    SHADES 

JOANNA    TEXTILE    MILLS.    GOLDVHLE.    SOUTH    CAROLINA 


MARCH  1915 


I'l. 


171 


[Designers  Cent.] 

Taffae,  I.  Sargc 
Tauriello,   Sebastian  J. 
Teague,  Walter  Dorwin 
Thomson,  Robt.  S. 
Triana,  Rafael 

Trumbower,   Elizabeth  Alban 
Van  Doren,  Nowland  and 

Schladermundt 
Vassos,  John 
Vavrik,    Louis 
Versen,  Kurt  Company 
Vidal    Research  Corp. 
Vin-Sea  Corporation 
Von  Miklos,  Josephine 
Wacker,  George  W. 
Walker,    George    W. 
Waltman,  C.  E.  &  Associates 
Warner  Tool  Design  Corp. 
Wieselthier,  Vally 
Winne,    Elsa 
Wormley,  Edward  J. 
Wright,    Russcl 
Yoh,  H.  L,  Co. 
York  Research  Corp. 

ENGINEERS 

Aircraft    Parts    Development    Corp. 

Aleks,   Vytant 

Alexander,  Jerome 

Allen,  Elliott  A. 

American   Plastics   Engineering  Co. 

Aries,   Robert   S. 

Associate  Engineering  Company 

Bacon  &  Weber 

Barnes  ft  Reinecke 

Battalen,   L.   H. 

Blaw-Knox,   Inc. 

Boulware-Berry  Associates 

Brandenburger,  Russell  E. 

Bureau,  Achille  G. 

California  Plastic  Products  Co. 

Chemical  Manufacturing  Sales  Co. 

Classic  Studio 

Conley,  Leonard  B. 

Davies,   Charles 

Derham,    Philip  A. 

Design  Service  Co. 

Designers    for    Industry,    Inc.    (Ill  ) 

Designers  for  Industry,   Inc.    (Ohio) 

Dockendorff,  V.  A. 

Dohner  &  Lippincott 

Engineering  Associates 

Graham,  Crowley  ft  Associates,  Inc. 

Johnson  Cushmg-Nevell 

Karlstad,  Andrew  C. 

Koblick,  Freda 

Levey,  Harold  A.  Laboratory 

McDonald,  Sterling 

Mangan  &  Eckland 

Martial  *  Scull 

Maywald,    Elmer   C. 

Modern  Plastics  Engineering  Co. 

National  Ixxrk  Co. 

Pearson,  Frederick  Z. 

Pellegrin,   E.   D. 

Plastic  Engineering  Laboratories 

Polincr.  William 

Plastics   Service  Co. 

Product  Engineering  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Reade,  Martin  George,  Inc. 

Shaeffer.  Norbert 

Simon,  Lewis  B. 

Simonds,   Herbert  R. 

Simpnds,  J.  Earl 

Skyline  Industries 

Smith-Emery   Company 

Snell,  Forter  D..  Inc. 

Stringfield,   R.    B. 

Sundberg-Ferar 

Thomson,  Robt  S. 

Tour,  Sam  ft  Co. 

Versen,  Kurt  Company 

Vin-Sea  Corporation 

Wacker,   George   W. 

w.alk"  Research   Laboratory 

Wilkins,  W.  Burdette 

Yoh.  H.   L.  Co. 

York  Research  Corp. 

RESEARCHERS 

Aircraft  Parts  Development  Corp 

Airliner   Plastics  Company 

Alexander,  Jerome 

American   Plastics   Engineering  Co 

Aries,   Robert  S. 

Bach,  Alfons  Associates 

Bacon,   Frederick  S. 

Barsky  and  Strauss,  Inc. 

Battelle  Memorial  Institute 

Bonwitt,  Dr.  Gustave  L. 

Boulware-Berry  Associates 

Calva,  J.  B.  &  Co. 

Conley,    Leonard    B. 

Dentists  Supply  Co.  of   N    Y 

Designers    for    Industry,    Inc.    (Ill  ) 

Designers  for  Industry,  Inc.    (Ohio) 

Deskey,  Donald  Assoc. 

Elmendorf  Corp.,  The 

Engineering  Associates 

Esselen.  Gustavus  T.,  Inc. 

Forest  Industries  Research  Co 

Forest  Products  Labs,  of  Canada 

Gillette  Fibre  Company 

Gordon,  J.  M. 

Hallward,  Michael,  Inc. 

Industrial   Conversions 

Industrial    Plastics    Corji.    (Wis.) 

172 


[Researchers  Cont.] 

Institute  of  Design 

Institute  of   Paper   Chemistry 

Johnson-Cushing-Nevell 

Karlstad,  Andrew  C. 

Koblick,  Freda 

Korda,  Eugene  J. 

Levey,  Harold  A.   Laboratory 

Liebes,  Dorothy  W. 

Little,  Arthur  D.,  Inc. 

Mangan  ft  Eckland 

Martial  &  Scull 

Menard,  Omer  A. 

Milkweed  Products  Develop.  Corp. 

Milwaukee  Industrial  Designers 

National   Lock  Co. 

Obrig,  Gordon  Associates 

Olson  Designers 

Plastite  Adhesive  Cement  Co. 

Poliner,  William 

Product  Engineering  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Rensselaer  Polytechnic   Institute 

Rodier,  Robert 

Sanders,   Morris 

Schepp,  Win.  ).  Co.,  Inc. 

Selcctronic  Dispersions,  Inc. 

Shaeffer,   Norbert 

Shell  Development  Co. 

Simonds,  Herbert  R. 

Simonds,  J.   Earl 

Snell,  Foster   D.,   Inc. 

Sowa  Chemical  Co. 

Spence-Rigolo 

Texloid  Products  Co. 

Tour,  Sam  ft  Co. 

U.    S.   Forest   Products   Lab. 

United  States  Testing  Company.  Inc. 

Vidal  Research  Corp. 

Walker  Research  Laboratory 

Waltman,  C.  E.  &  Associates 

Wilkins.  W.  Burdette 

Winner.  Lewis 

York  Research  Corp. 


Exporters 


Acap  Company 
Liberty  Mercantile  Co. 
Omni  Products  Corporation 

Fabricators 

A.  A.  Plastics  Associates 
A.  ft  L.  Manufacturing  Company 
Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 
Aceteloid  Novelty  Co. 
Airplastics  Company 
Airply  Forming  Company 
Alliance  Button  Co.,  Inc. 
Allied  Aviation  Corporation 
American  Brakeblok  Division 

American  Brake  Shoe  Company 
American   Extruded   Products  Co. 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
American  Optical   Company 
American  Phenolic  Corporation 
American  Plastic  Products 
American   Plastics   Mfg.   Co. 
American  Products  Mfg.  Co. 
Angus-Campbell.  Inc. 
Ansonia  Clock  Company,  Inc.,  The 
Anthony  ft  Anthony 
Arclay  Plastics  Products 
Arco  Metalcraft,  Inc. 
Arco  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Art  Plastic  Company 
Art  Plastics  Co. 
Artcraft  Plastics  Corp. 
Artistic  Plastics 
Associated  Plastics  (Calif.) 
Associated  Plastics  (N.Y.) 
Athol  Comb  Co. 
Austenal  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Rachmann  Bros..  Inc. 
Raff  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Rakoring,  Inc. 
Ballard    Plastics   Corp. 
Rangor  Plastics,  Inc. 
Barron,  T.  E.  tr  Associates 
Rastian  Bros.  Co. 
Realty.   Brook  Plastics 
Ren  Hur  Products,  Inc. 
Bend-A-Lite   Plastics    Division 
Berkander,  George  F.,  Inc. 
Brand.  William  &  Comnany 
Brandenburg  Melford  F. 
Brandt.  Jos.  ft  Bro..  Inc. 
Brigham,  R.  B.  Company 
Brilhart.  Arnold  Ltd. 
Bryce  Plastic  Industries 
Buchsbaum,  S.  &  Co. 
Buckley,  C.  E.  Company 
Burndy  Engineering  Co.,   Inc. 
California  Craftsmen 
Calplasti  Corp. 

Camfield  Manufacturing  Company 
Canadian  Industries  Limited 
Carlite  Company 
Carroll,  J.   B.   Co, 
Cellulose  Products  Company 
Celomat   Corporation 
Cel-U-Dex   Corporation 
Chemold  Co. 

Chicago  Fabricated  Products 
Cinch   Manufacturing  Corporation 
Claremould  Plastics  Company 
Classic  Studio 
Cleveland  Plastics,  Inc. 


[Fabricators  Cenf.l 

Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Cobb  ft  Zimmer 

Colt's  Patent  Fire  Arms  Mfg.  Co. 

Columbia  Plastics  Mfg.  Corp. 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 

Colwabond  Limited 

Commonwealth  Plastic  Company 

Compression  Mold.  Co.  of  St.  Louis 

Consolite  Corporation 

Continental    Can   Company,   Inc. 

Continental-Diamond   Fibre  Company 

Cournand,  E.  L.  ft  Company 

Coy  Mfg.  Co. 

Croasdale  &  de  Angehs 

Crosley  Marine 

Crowe  Name  Plate  ft  Mfg.  Co. 

Cruver  Manufacturing  Co. 

Crystal   Fixture   Company 

Czecho  Peasant  Art  Co. 

Davis,  Joseph  Plastics  Co. 

Dawson  Company 

Decora  Plastics  Studios 

Del  Riccio  Pjastics  Corp. 

Derham,  Philip  A. 

Design  Center,  Inc. 

Die-Plast  Company  Limited 

Display   House,   The 

Dominion  Button  Manufacturers  Ltd. 

Du  Bois  Plastic  Products,  Inc. 

Duplate  Canada  Limited 

Dura  Plastics,  Inc. 

Eastern  Plastic  Products  Corporation 

Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Company 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The 

Electronic  Mechanics,  Inc. 

Electronic  Plastics  Company 

Embalmers'  Supply  Co.,  The 

Emeloid  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Empire  Plastics  Company  Limited 

Enbee  Transparent  Specialty  Co. 

Enka  Plastic  Company 

Farrington  Manufacturing  Company 

Felsenthal,  G.  &  Sons 

Forest  Industries  Research  Co. 

Formica  Insulation  Co. 

Franklin  Fibre-Lamitex  Corp. 

Frisch,  Arthur  Co. 

Gemloid   Corporation 

General  Binding  Corporation 

General  Electric  Co.,  Plastics  Div. 

General  Plastics  Corporation 

Germanow  Simon  Machine  Co. 

Gibbs  Manufacturing 

Glade  Mfg.  Co. 

Goro  Manufacturing  Co.,  Inc. 

Granby  Mfg.  Co. 

Great   Lakes  Plastics 

Greenhut   Insulation  Company 

Grosfeld  House,  Inc. 

Haas  Company,  The 

Harson   Mfg.  Co. 

Hawley  Products  Company 

Hermant,  Percy  Limited 

Herschel  Engineering  ft  Supply  Co. 

Higgins  Plastics  Corporation 

Hobbs  Glass  Limited 

Hoffmann  Mfg.  Co. 

Holdenline  Co. 

Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 

Hopp  Press.  Inc.,  The 

House  of  Plastics 

Hutfhes-Autograf  Brush  Co.,  Inc. 

Hychex  Products 

Hydropack 

Illini  Molded  Plastics 

Industrial  Arts,  Inc. 

Industrial  Fabricators.  Inc. 

Industrial    Plastics    Corp.    (N.J.) 

Industrial  Products  Suppliers 

Industrial   Specialties,   Inc. 

Ingwersen     Manufacturing    Company 

Inland  Mfg.  Div..  G.  M.  Corp. 

Insulating  Fabricators  of  New 

England,  Inc. 

Irvington    Varnish    &    Insulator    Co. 
Irwin  Engineering  ft  Mfg.  Co. 
Johnston    Industrial    Plastics   Ltd. 
Joyce,  Walter  M.  Company 
Judsoti,  W.  Haddon  Mfg.  Co. 
Keolyn  Plastics 
Kerr,  R.  W.  Co. 
Keystone  Plastics  Company 
King   Plastics  Corporation 
Kingman.  E.  B.  Co. 
Kingsbacher-Murphy    Co. 
Kippy  Kit  Company 
Kirby  Company.  The 
Kirk.  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Kirk  Plastic  Company 
Klise  Manufacturing  Company,  Inc. 
Lamicoid  Fabricators,  Inc. 
La  Mode  Plastic  Co.,  Inc. 
La  Moree,  C.   D.  Company 
Lawrence  &  Hunter 
T.ee,  Oscar 

Leed  Insulator  Company 
T.evien,  Ned  G.  Company 
Littelfuse,  Inc. 

Livingston  Plastics  Corporation 
Long  Island   Engraving  Co. 
T.umirol  Company,  The 
Lusteroid  Container  Company,  Inc. 
Lustra-Cite  Industries 
Lynn   Sign  Company 
McCoy,  Jones  &  Company,  Inc. 
McDonell  Aircraft  Corp. 
Mclnerney   Plastics   Company 
McQuay  Aircraft  Corporation 


PLASTICS 


[Fabricators  Cont.] 

Maico  Company,  Incorporated,  The 

Majot  Automatic  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 

Maloney,  F.  H.  Co. 

Manne-Knowlton  Insulation  Lo. 

Manning,  Don  &  Co. 

Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 

Marks  Products  Co.,  Inc. 

Mastercraft  Plastics  Co.,  Inc. 

Matzner,  S.  Co. 

Merri-Plastic  Co. 

Micamold  Radio  Corporation 

Micarta  Fabricators,  Inc. 

Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Miller  Dial  &  Name  Plate  Co. 

Miracle   Plastic   Mfg.   Co. 

Modern  Solid-Art  Co. 

Moglen  Plastic  Products 

Moulded  Products  Co. 

Morrell,  George  Corporation 

Multi-Plastics 

Musser.  H.  M.  &  Co. 

National  Bronze  Studios 

National  Fabricated  Products 

National  Fabricating  Co. 

National  Plastic  Products  Company 

National  Transparent  Box  Co. 

National  Transparent  Plastics  Co. 

National  Vulcanized  Fibre  Company 

Neo-A  Corp. 

New  England  Novelty  Company 

New  Plastic  Corporation 

Nichols  Products  Company 

Northeastern  Distributors.  Inc. 

Northeastern    Molding   Co. 

Novel-Craft  Mfg.  Co. 

Oppenheimer,  Walter  L.  &  Son 

Orna   Plastics   Co. 

Ornamental  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 

Pacific   Plastic   Prod.    Co. 

Paramount  Rubber  Co. 

Paraplastics,  Inc. 

Parisian  Novelty  Company 

Parkeat  Plastics 

Parker  Appliance  Company,  The 

Peerless  Moulded,  Inc. 

Penn  Fibre  &  Specialty  Co. 

Pennsylvania  Plastics  Corporation 

Penzel.  Mueller  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Perfection  Plastic  Products 

Permochart  Co. 

Photoplating  Company,  The 

Pioneer  Plastic  Co. 

Pioneer  Plastics  Co. 

Place,  Roland  P.  Co.,  Inc. 

Plastelite  Engineering  Co. 

Plas-Tex  Corporation 

Plastex  Corporation 

Plastic  Center  Company 

Plastic  Creations  of  Hollywood 

Plastic   Fabricators  Company 

Plastic  Finishing  Corporation 

Plastic  Process  Company 

Plastic  Specialty  Co. 

Plastic-Ware.  Inc. 

Plasticraft  Products  Company 

Plasticraft  Specialties 

Plastics.  Inc. 

Plastifab 

Plasti  Mode  Novelty  Co. 

Plastiques  Laboratories,  The 

Plax  Corporation 

Plymold  Corporation 

Ply-Tex  Mfg.  Corp. 

Precision  Fabricators,   Inc. 

Precision  Plastic  Products  Co.,  Inc. 

Precision  Plastics  Company 

Precision  Specialties 

Prime  Plastic  Mfg.  Corp. 

Printloid,   Inc. 

Resin-Wood    Products    Company 

Resistoflex   Corporation 

Richardson  Company,  The 

Ritter  Company,  Inc. 

Robbins  Company,  The 

Roger   Mfg.   Co. 

Rogers    Paper    Manufacturing    Co. 

Rosenberg   Brothers 

Rothco  Products 

Rummel   Fibre  Company 

Russell  Specialty  Mfg.  Co. 

Ryertex  Division 

Jos.  T.  Ryerson  &  Son.  Inc. 
San  Francisco  Plastics  Company 
Savage,  Jas.  H.  Associates,  The 
Scheuer  Mfg.  Co. 
Schillo   Mfg.    Co. 
Schwab  &  Frank,   Inc. 
Schwanda,  B.  &  Sons 
Scripto  Manufacturing  Company 
Seeberger,  Fred  B. 
Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 
Sheaffer,  W.  A.  Pen  Company 
Shepherd,  J.  H.  Son  &  Company 
Shoreham  Mfx.  Co.,  Inc. 
Sillcocks  Miller  Company,  The 
Silverloid  Company,  The 
Smoot-Holman   Co. 
Solar  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Somerville  Limited 
Southern  California  Plastic  Co. 
Southern   Plastics   Company 
Spartan  Industrial  Corp. 
Spaulding  Fibre  Company,  Inc. 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 
Stack  Plastics  Co. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 
Stars  &  Stripes  Plastics  Mfg.   Co. 
Steiner  Mfg.  Co. 
Sterling  Injection   Molding,   Inc. 

MARCH  1945 


A  myriad  of  plastic  products  from  threaded  precision  parts 
machined  to  extremely  close  tolerances  such  as  those  fabricated 
for  Army  and  Navy  aircraft  and  radios,  to  transparent  plastic 
card  holders,  charts,  badges  and  novelties,  are  produced  by  SLACO 
with  the  same  skill  and  attention  to  detail.  Facilities  for  Printing, 
Stamping,  Engraving,  Embossing,  Die  Cutting,  Molding,  Polishing. 
Forming  and  Laminating  of  all  plastic  materials  make  possible 
the  production  of  hundreds  of  diverse  items  completely 
unrelated  to  each  other  in  character. 
SEND  US  YOUR  BLUEPRINTS  AND  SPECIFICATIONS 

N.  G.  SLATER  CORP 

Manufacturers  of  Plastic  and  Metal  Products 
3  WEST  29th  ST.,  NEW  YORK  I.N.Y. 


ISION   PARTS  AND   PLASTICS   FOR   EVERY   DAY   USE 


MARCH  1945 


I*  LAST  I C  S 


173 


[Fabricators   Conf.J 
Sto-Cant    Engineering    Company 
Stokes,  A.  Company 
Superior  Plastics  Corporation 
Straus  &  Stingo,  Inc. 
Stricker-Brunhuber   Company 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corporation 
Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 
Synthetic   Plastics  Corp. 
Taylor  Fibre  Company 
Technical   Plastics  Co. 
Teckna  Company 
Timely  Novelty  Co. 
Tingstol  Company 

Transparent   Specialties  Corporation 
Tray-Ware  Manufacturers 
Turner  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Ucinite  Co.,  The 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
U.  S.  Industrial  Plastics  Co. 
U.  S.  Stoneware  Co.,  The 
U.  S.  Rubber  Co.,  Footwear  Div. 
Universal  Button  Fastening  and 

Button  Company  of  Canada  Limited 
Universal   Index  Tab  Co. 
Universal  Products,  Inc. 
Valley  Manufacturing  Company 
Van  Arnam  Manufacturing  Co. 
Vargish  and  Company 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 
Vierling's  Plastic  House 
Virginia  Plak  Companv 
Visiting  Corporation, The 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Walter,  John  &  SOIM  Limited 
Weaver  Piano  Co.,  Inc. 
Welker  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
West  Coast  Industries 
White,  Thos.  J.  Plastics  Co. 
Whitehead  &  Hoag  Company,  The 
Wills  &  Roberts  Plastics  Mfg.  Corp. 
Wilmington  Fibre  Specialty  Company 
Wilmington    Vulcanized   Fibre 

Specialty  Company 
Wolverine  Plastic  Studio 
York  Plastic  Industries 
Zippy  Corporation 

Laminating,    Impreg- 
nating, Coating 
Materials 

ASBESTOS 

Asbestos  Fibre  Spinning  Corp. 
Asbestos  Textile  Company,  Inc. 
Carey,  Philip  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Gatke  Corporation 
Jphns-Manville  Sales  Corp. 
Pecora  Paint  Co. 
Powhatan  Mining  Co. 
Raybestos-  Manhattan,  Inc. 
Ruberoid  Co.,  The 

Vermont  Asbestos   Mines 
Thermoid  Rubber  Division 

Thermoid  Company 
United  States  Rubber  Company 
Victor  Mfg.  &  Gasket  Co. 

FABRICS 

Chicopee    Mfg.    Corp.   of   Georgia 
Curran  &  Barry  Company 
Exeter  Manufacturing  Company 
Lane.  J.  H.  &  Company,  Inc. 
Pacific   Mills 
Mt.  Vernon-Woodberry  Mills.  Inc. 

PAPER 

Hammermill  Paper  Company 
Hermanson,  William  A.  &  Company 
Hummel-Ross  Fibre  Corporation 
Hurlbut  Paper  Company 
Mica    Insulator    Company 
Montrose  Paper  Mills 
Mosinee  Paper  Mills  Co.,  The 
Munising  Paper  Company,  The 
Riegel   Paper  Corporation 
Walker-Goulard  Plehn  Co. 
Warren,  S.  D.  Co. 

RESINS 

Allied  Asphalt  &  Mineral  Corp. 

American  Cyanamid  Company 

American    Resinous   Chemicals   Corp. 

Catalin  Corporation 

Chemical  Plastics,  Inc. 

Dow-Corning  Corporation 

Durez  Plastics  &  Chemicals,  Inc. 

Durite  Plastics,  Inc. 

Interlake  Chemical  Corporation 

Makalot  Corporation 

Marblette  Corp. 

Pittsburgh    Plate   Glass   Company 

Shawinigan  Products  Corporation 

Union  Bay  State  Company 

Valentine  Sugars 

Varcum  Chemical  Corporation 

Laminators, 
Impregnators 

Allied  Aviation   Corporation 
Andover  Kent  Aviation  Corporation 

174 


[Laminators  Conf.I 
Arvey  Corporation 
Ballard  Plastics  Corp. 
Bangor  Plastics.   Inc. 
Bastian  Bros.   Co. 
C-W  Plywood  Company 
Camfield  Manufacturing  Company 
Canadian    Westinghouse   Co.    Ltd. 
Capac   Manufacturing  Company 
Carroll,  J.  B.  Co. 
Cellulose  Products  Company 
Chemold  Co. 

Cockshutt   Moulded   Aircraft   Limited 
Consolidated    Water   Power   &   Paper 
Continental  Can  Company,  Inc. 
Continental-Diamond   Fibre  Company 
Crescent  Panel  Company 
Cruver  Manufacturing  Co. 
Daystrom  Corporation 
Emeloid  Co..  The 
Enka  Plastic  Company 
Farley  &  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
Felsenthal,  G.  &  Sons 
Formica  Insulation  Co. 
Franklin  Fibre-Lamitex  Corp. 
General  Electric  Co.,  Plastics  Div. 
Gillette  Fibre  Company 
Haskelite  Manufacturing  Corporation 
HiKKins   Plastics  Corporation 
Hood  Rubber  Company 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Industrial    Plastics 
Industrial   Products  Suppliers 
Inland   Manufacturing  Division 

General    Motors  Corporation 
Kcrr,  R.  W.  Co. 
Keyes  Fibre  Company 
King   Plastics  Corporation 
Landers  Corporation,  The 
Livingston   Plastics  Corporation 
Long  Island  Engraving  Co. 
McDonell  Aircraft  Corp. 
Marathon  Corporation 
Marco  Chemicals.  Inc. 
Masonite  Corp.,  The 
Mica  Insulator  Company 
Modern   Plastics  Corporation 
Xatjonal  Plastic  Products  Company 
National   Vulcanized    Fibre  Company 
Northwest  Plastics,  Inc. 
Panelyte  Division 

St.  Regis  Paper  Company 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 
Parkwood  Corporation 
Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 
Pioneer  Plastic  Co. 
Pioneer    Plastics    Corporation 
Plastic   Fabricators  Company 
Plastiques  Laboratories,  The 
Plymold  Corporation 
Protccto  Photo  Company 
Pyraglass,   Inc. 
Richardson  Company,  The 
Rogers  Paper  Manufacturing  Co. 
San  Francisco  Plastics  Company 
Slater.  N.  G.,  Corp. 
Spartan   Industrial   Corp. 
Spaulding  Fibre  Company.  Inc. 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corporation 
Synthane  Corporation 
Taylor  Fibre  Company 
Technical  Ply-Woods 
United  States  Rubber  Company 

Footwear   Division 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 
Virginia  Lincoln  Corporation 
Virginia   Plak  Company 
Weaver  Piano  Co.,  Inc. 
Westinghouse    Electric   &    Mfg.    Co. 
White,  Thos.  J.  Plastics  Co. 
Wilmington  Fibre  Specialty  Company 
Wilmington  Vulcanized  Fibre 

Specialty  Company 
Wurlitzcr,  Rudolph  Company,  The 

Machinery,  Eqpt. 

METAL  PROCESSING 

Abrasives,  coated 

Behr-  Manning  Corporation 
Clover  Mfg.  Co. 

Abrasive  rolls  and  points 
Field  Abrasive  Specialty  Mfg.  Co. 

Abrasive  wheels 
American  Emery  Wheel  Works 
Atkins,  E.  C.  and  Company 
Bay  State  Abrasive  Products  Co. 
Blanchard  Machine  Co.,  The 
Cincinnati    Electrical    Tool   Co.,   The 
Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Covel-Hanchett  Co. 
DoAll  Company,  The 
Fortney  Mfg".  Company 
Gardner  Machine  Company 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
Lea  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 
I.upomatic   Tumbling    Machine   Co. 
Manhattan   Rubber   Mfg.    Division, 

The  Raybestos-Manhattan,   Inc. 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Munning  &  Munning,  Inc. 
Norton  Company 


C  Abrasive  wheels  Canf.l 

Precise  Products  Company 

Felker  Manufacturing   Company 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Safety    Grinding    Wheel    &    Machine 

Company 

Steinen,   Wm.,    Mfg.   Co. 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.  Inc. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 
Wentworth   Machine  Company 

Limited 

Atomic  welding 

Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Reinhold.  F.   E.   Mfg. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 

Automatic  screws 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Brown  &  Sharpe  Mfg.  Co. 
National   Acme  Co.,  Tlie 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Steinen,   Wm.    Mfg.   Co. 

Bending 
O'Neil-Irwin   Mfg.   Company 

Beveling 

Lunomatic  Tumbling  Machine 
Company  Inc. 

Boring 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Bedrick  Tool  &  Machine  Co. 
Defiance  Machine  Works  Div. 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Ex-Cell-O   Corporation 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Fray  Machine  Tool  Co. 
Harvey   Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Mechanical  Mold  4  Machine  Co.,  The 
Monarch  Machine  Tool  Co.,  The 
Morse  Twist  Drill  &  Machine  Co. 
Pratt  4  Whitney 
Rickert-Shaner  Co. 
Root,  B.   M.,   Company 
Sav-Way  Industries 
Summit  Roberts  Tools  Co. 
WentworthMachine  Company  Limited 
Westcott  Chuck  Company 
Wetmore  Reamer  Co. 

Boring  heads 
Criterior  Machine  Works 

Brakes 
O'Neil-Irwin   Mfg.   Company 

Broaching 
American  Broach  4  Machine 

Company 
Buttondex 

Cincinnati   Milling.Machine  Co.,  The 
Colonial  Broach  Company 
Denison   Engineering   Co.,   The 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Ex-Cell-O    Corporation 
Greenerd  Arbor  Press  Company 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
LaPointe  Machine  Tool  Company, 

The 

Oilgear  Company.   The 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
Sav-Way  Industries 
Saxl  Instrument  Company 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Limited 

Buffing 

Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co..  The 
Harco  Products  Co. 
Manderscheid  Company,  The 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co..  The 
United  Laboratories  Co. 

Burners  (to  heat  extrusion  presses, 

molds  and  dies) 
American  Gas  Furnace  Co. 

Casting 

Kux   Machine  Co. 
Modern  Tool  Works  Ltd. 
Wentworth    Machine    Company 

Cleaning  machines  and  parts 
Detrex  Corporation 
L  &  R  Mfg.  Co. 

Chip-breaking  grinders 
Crescent  Machine  Co..  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Hammond  Machinery  Builder,  Inc. 
Mead  &  Company 
Sav-Way  Industries 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 

Crushers 
Jeffrey    Mfg.    Co. 

Cutting 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Clark,  Robert  H. 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 


PLASTICS 


(Cutting  Conr.l 

First  Machinery  Corp. 
General    Binding    Corporation 
Genesee  Tool  Company 
Gorton,    George,   Machine  Co. 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Holm's   Manufacturing  Company 
Murehey  Machine  &  Tool  Company 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Peck.  Stow  &  Wilcox  Co.,  The 
Pratt  &  Whitney 

Preis,  H.  P.  Engraving  Machine  Co. 
Racine  Tool  &  Machine  Co. 
Scully-Jones  &  Company 
Severance  Tool  Industries,  Inc. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Tungsten   Carbide  Tool   Company 
Vascoloy-Ramet  Corporation 
Velepec,   Fred   M..   Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Limited 
Wickman  A.  C.   (Canada)   Limited 

Deep  drawing  presses 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 

Die  heads 
Eastern    Machine    Screw    Corporation 

Die-sinking 

Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co.,  The 
Detroit  Universal  Duplicator  Co. 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Foredom  Electric  Co. 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Gorton,   George,   Machine   Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Kearney  &  Trecker  Products 

Corporation 

Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
New  Method  Steel  Stamps,  Inc. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Reed-Prentice  Corporation 
Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Spiegel  Sales  Company 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co., 

The 
Wentworth   Machine  Company 

Limited 

Drills 

Aero  Tool  &  Die  Works 
Ajax  Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Aro  Equipment  Corporation,  The 
Binghampton  Flexible  Shaft  Division 

Swartz  &  White  Mfg.  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Oiicago-Latrobe  Twist  Drill  Works 
Cincinnati   Electrical   Tool  Co. 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co.,  The 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
Felker  Manufacturing  Company 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Frew  Machine  Co.,  The 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Genesee  Tool  Company 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Henry  &  Wright    Manufacturing  Co. 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Hole  Engineering  Service 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Independent    Pneumatic    Tool 

Company 

Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Misener  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Morse  Twist  Drill  &  Machine  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Skilsaw,  Inc. 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 
Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 
Stow  Manufacturing  Company 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Co..  Ltd. 
Wickman.  A.  C.  (Canada)  Limited 

Drill  presses 

Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Atlas  Press  Company 
Autoparts  Tractor  &  Machine  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Canedy  Otto  Mfg.  Co. 
Champion  Blower  &  Forge  Co. 
Cincinnati  Bickford  Tool  Company 
Defiance  Machine  Works  Div. 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Eksrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
General    Binding  Corporation 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Haskins,  R.  G.  Co. 
Hrnrv   \-   Wright   Manufacturing  Co. 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Laboratory   Specialties,   Inc. 
Mall  Tool  Company 
MechanicalMoId  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
National  Automatic  Tool   Co.,   Inc. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Root,  B.  M.  Company 
Royersford  Foundry  &  Machine  Co. 
Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company,  Ltd. 

MARCH  1945 


INJECTION  MOLDING  MACHINE 


New  precision  die-alignment,  achieved  by  one  adjustment  of  a  single 
screw,  eliminates  multiple  die  adjustment  and  resultant  inaccuracies. 
This  improved  adjustment  control  prevents  flooding,  reduces  rejects  to 
minimum. 

'Central-shaft "centralized  movable  plate  support  equalizes  pressure  dis- 
tribution, and  full  length  pin  support  in  the  heavy-duty  toggle  assembly 
gets  rid  of  toggle  trouble. 

Uniform  thrust  action  of  the  multiple  knock-out  pin  system  prevrnU 
cramping,  breakage  and  wear  of  ejection  parts. 

For  Precision  Production,  Speedy 
and  Safe  —  Depend  on  Leominster 


LEOMINSTER  TOOL  CO.,  Inc. 


LEOMINSTER,  MASSACHUSETTS 

MANUFACTURERS        OF        MACHINES        AND        MOLDS       FOR       THE       PLASTICS       INDUSTRY 
MARCH   19ir,  PLASTH'S  175 


Duplicators 

Ajax-Doret    Metal    Products    Limited 
Cincinnati    Milling   Machine   Co., 

The 

Detroit   Universal   Duplicator  Co 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Gorton,    George    Machine    Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co  ,  The 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Spiegel  Sales  Company 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 

Engraving 
Auto  Engraver  Co. 
Burgess   Battery   Company 
Detroit  Universal  Duplicator  Co 
I'ortney  Mfg.  Company 
Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Mico  Instrument  Company 
Preis,  H.  P.  Engraving  Machine  Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 
Limited 

Filing 

Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Severance  Tool   Industries,   Inc 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 
Wickman,  A    C.  (Canada)  Limited 
U.  S.  Electrical  Motors,  Inc. 

Foot  press 
Royersford  Foundry  &  Machine  Co. 

Forging 

Achorn   Steel  Company 
American  Gas  Furnace  Co. 
Buffalo    Forge   Co. 
Champion  Blower  &  Forge  Co. 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Company 
Elmes    EnginecringWorks    of 

American  Steel  Foundries 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co. 
surface  Combustion 

Furnaces   (carburizinq,  annealing, 
tempering,  odd-jobs) 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
American  Gas  Furnace  Co. 
Autoparts  Tractor  It  Machine  Co. 
Cook  Heat  Treating  Corp. 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Company 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Harvey    Machine   Co.,    Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Leeds  &  Northrup  Company 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Reinhold,    F.    E.    Mfg. 
Spiegel  Sales  Company 
Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Surface  Combustion 
Trent,  Harold  E.  Company 
Wentworth    Machine    Company 
Young  Bros.  Co. 

Gages 

Continental  Machines.   Inc. 
Say-Way  Industries 
Standard  Gage  Company.  Inc. 
Woodworth,   N.   A.   Co. 

Grinding 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limite.1 
American  Rotary  Tools  Company 
Aro  Equipment  Corporation 
Arter  Grinding  Machine  Company 
Autoparts  Tractor  &  Machine  Co. 
Baldor  Electric  Company 
Binshampton  Flexible  Division 

Swartz  &  White  Mfg.  Co. 
lilanchard  Machine  Co.,  The 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Champion  Blower  &  Forge  Co. 
Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Cincinnati  Grinders   Incorporated 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co. 
Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Cook  Heat  Treating  Corp. 
Covel  Manufacturing  Co. 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 
Criterion  Machine  Works 
Douglas   Machinery  Co.,    Inc. 
Dumore  Company,  The 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
Fitchburg  Grinding  Machine 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Gallmeyer  &  Livingston  Company 
Gardner  Machine  Company 
Gear  Grinding  Machine  Co.,  The 
General    Binding   Corporation 
Gorton,    George    Machine   Co. 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Hammond  Machinery  Builder,  Inc. 
Hanchett  Mfg.  Co. 
Harco  Products  Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 

176 


[Grinding  Cont.l 
Haskins,  R.  G.  Co. 
Hisey-Wolf  Machine  Co.,  The 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Independent    Pneumatic    Tool 

Company 

McGonegal  Mfg.  Co., The 
Mall  Tool  Company 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co. 
Misener  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Norton  Company 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Porter-Cable  Machine  Company 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Precise  Products  Company 
Preis,  H.  P.  Engraving  Machine  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
\    Rivett  Lathe  &  Grinder  Inc. 

Ruyersford  Foundry  It  Machine  Co. 

Sav-Way    Industries  x 

Schauer  Machine  Company 

Skilsaw,   Inc. 

Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 

Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Steinen,  Wm.,  Mfg.  Co. 

Stow  Manufacturing  Co. 

Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 

Taft-Pierce   Mfg^  Co.,   The 

United    States    Electrical    Tool    Co.. 

Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 
Walls  Sales  Corp. 

Grinding  wheels 
Eagle  Grinding  Wheel  Co. 
Norton  Company 

Heat-sealing  machine 
Sav-Way  Industries 

High   frequency  tubes 
United  Electronics  Co. 

Hobbing 

Albert,  L.  &  Son 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bawden  Machine  Company  Ltd.,  The 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  &  Machine 

Co. 

Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Dunning  and  Boscher  Press  Co. 
Elmes   Engineering   Works  of 

American  Steel  Foundries 
Fortney   Mfg.  Company 
French    Oil    Mill    Machinery 

Company 

Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Henry  It  Wright  Manufacturing  Co., 

The 

Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Lake  Erie  Engineering  Corporation 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Modern  Tool  Works  Limited 
Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc.,  The 
Priority  Die   Sinking  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Rickert-Shafer  Co. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
Schoder  It  Lombard  Stamp  4  Die  Co. 
Sossner  Steel  Stamps 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Wentworth    Machine    Company 
Williams,   White  It   Co. 

Hydraulic    pressure    boosters 
Progressive  Welder  Company 

Jig  borers 

Ajax-Doret   Metal   Products   Limited 
Autoparts  Tractor  It  Machine  Co. 
Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Harvey   Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Kearney  St  Trecker  Products 
Mechanical  Mold  It  Machine  Co.,  The 
Moore  Special  Tool  Company,  Inc. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Reed-Prentice   Corporation 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Steinen,  Wm.   Mfg.  Co. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
WentworthMachine  Company 

Lapping 

Aero  Tool  &  Die  Works 
Cincinnati  Grinders,  Incorporated 
Ex-Cell-O   Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Saxl    Instrument   Company 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Lathes 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Atlas  Press  Company 
Autoparts  Tractor  &   Machine  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
General   Binding   Corp 


[Lathes  Cant.] 

Ilardinge    Bros..    Inc. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Hjorth  Lathe  &  Tool  Co. 
Hockaday    Aircraft    Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Laboratory   Specialties,    Inc. 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Monarch  Machine  Tool  Co.,  The 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Reed-Prentice  Corporation 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Rivett   Lathe   &   Grinder,   Inc. 
Schauer  Machine  Company 
South  Bend  Lathe  Works 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Steinen,   Wm.    Mfg.   Co. 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.   Inc. 
Sundstrand  Machine  Tool  Company 
United  Laboratories  Co. 
Wentworth   Machine  Company 

Marking 
Acromark  Company,  The 

Melting   furnace  equipment 
Surface  Combustiim 

Milling 

Douglas   Machiner\    <  o 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Fray  Machine  Tool  Co. 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Frew  Machine  Co.,  The 
Ilardinge   Bros.,   Inc. 
Invincible  Tool  Co. 
Morse  Twist  Drill  &  Machine  Co. 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 
Univertical   Machine  Co. 

Pantograph  engraving 
Schoder  &  Lombard  Stamp  &  Die  Co. 

Pantograph  milling 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Gorton,  George.   Machine  Co. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 

Planers 

Autoparts  Tractor  &   Machine  Co. 
Boice-Crane   Company 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 
General   Binding  Corp. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Laboratory  Specialties.  Inc 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Rockford   Machine  Tool  Co. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Polishing 

Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Hisey-Wolf  Machine  Co.,  The 
Manderscheid  Company.  The 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 

Powder  presses 
Bauman    Rosin   &   Associates 
Knx   Machine  Co. 

Pressure  switches 
Progressive  Welder  Company 

Profiling 

Auto  Engraver  Co. 
Brush  Development  Company.  The 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co..  The 
Detroit  Universal    Duplicator  Co. 
Frew  Machine  Co..  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Kearney  &  Trecker  Products  Corp. 
Mechanical  Mold  &   Machine  Co. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Spiegel  Sales  Company 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 
Limited 

Punch   presses 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 

Reamers 

Aero  Tool  &  Die  Works 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Chicago-Latrobe    Twist    Drill    Works 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co..  The 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Genesee  Tool  Company 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Hjorth  Lathe  &  Tool  Co. 
Hole  Engineering  Service 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 
McCrosky  Tool  Corporation 
Morse  Twist  Drill  &  Machine  Co. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Tungsten   Carbide  Tool   Company 


PLASTICS 


[Reamers  Conf.] 

United  States  KU-rtrical  Tool  Co. 

Wetmore  Reamer   Co. 

Wickman,  A.  C.    (Canada)    Limited 

Routers 

Boice-Crane   Company 
Carter,  R.   L.,  Division 

Stanley  Works,  The 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co.,  The 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,   Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Mechanical  Mold  &   Machine  (V 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Precise  Products  Company 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Sanding 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Sanders 

Ajax-Doret    Metal    Products    Limited 
Albert,   L.  &  Son 
Beach  Manufacturing  Co. 
Binghampton  Flexible  Shaft   Division 

Swartz  &  White  Mfg.  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 
Detroit   Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Hammond   Machinery  Tool   Company 
Hockaday    Aircratt    Corporation 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 
Mall  Tool  Company 
Mattison  Machine  Works 
Oliver   Machinery  Co. 
Porter-Cable  Machine  Company 
Skilsaw.  Inc. 

Smith,  H.   B.  Machine  Co. 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 
Sterling  Tool  Products  Company 
Stow  Manufacturing  Company 
Sundstrand  Machine  Tool  Company 
Walker-Turner  Co.,   Inc. 
Walls  Sales  Corp. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Saws 

Ajax-Doret    Metal    Products    Limited 

Atkins,    E.    C.    and    Company 

Boice-Crane   Company 

Continental    Machines,    Inc. 

Covel  Mfg.  Co. 

Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 

Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery  Div. 

Curtis  Mfg  Co. 
DoAH  Company,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Genesee   Tool    Company 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Henry  Disston  &  Sons,  Inc. 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
Independent    Pneumatic    Tool 
Laboratory   Specialties,   Inc. 
Machine  Tool  Division 

Kalamazoo  Tank  &  Silo  Co. 
Misener  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Morse  Twist  Drill  &  Machine  Co. 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Peerless  Machine  Company 
Royersford  Foundry  &  Machine  Co. 
Skilsaw,  Inc. 
Spiegel  Sales  Company 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Velepec,  Fred  M.,  Co. 
Wentworth   Machine  Company 

Shapers 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-  Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Atlas  Press  Company 
Beach   Manufacturing  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Carter,    R.    L.    Division 

Stanley  Works,  The 
Cincinnati    Shaper   Co. 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Ifardinge  Bros.,  Inc. 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Holm's    Manufacturing    Company 
Mechanical  Mold  &  Machine  Co.,  The 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Pratt  &  Whitney 
Reimuller  Bros.   Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  ICfe 
Rockford  Machine  Tool  Co. 
Smith  &  Mills  Company,  The 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Limited 

Shearers 

Cincinnati  Shaper  Co. 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,   Inc. 
O'Neif-Irwin  Mfg.  Company 
Peck,  Stow  &  Wilcox  Co.,  The 

MARCH  1945 


MATERIALS 

CELLULOID 

CELLULOSE 
ACETATE 

VINYLITE 

LUCITE 

PLEXIGLASS 

ETHO-CELL 

BAKELITE 

INSUROK 

FORMICA 

RIGID  AND 
FLEXIBLE 
LAMICOID 


Famous  for  our  47  years  as  Fabricators 
of  Plastics  and  manufacturers  of  Adver- 
tising specialties,  PARISIAN  NOVELTY 
COMPANY  is  today  engaging  every  fa- 
cility in  an  all-out  effort  to  win  the  war. 
But  Victory  is  not  so  far  away,  and  then 
we  can  help  you. 

For  these  toilsome  years  have  taught  us 
much  that  can  be  applied  to  make  your 
peacetime  plastic  products — make  them 
better,  less  costly — more  useful — more 
lasting — finer  looking. 

Fix  the  name  PARISIAN  in  your  mind 
today;  so  that  tomorrow  you'll  know 
where  to  turn  for  the  practical  solution 
of  your  Plastics  problems. 


PRODUCTS 

RADAR  PARTS 

RADIO  PARTS 

COMPUTERS 

CALCULATORS 

SCHEMATICS 

INSULATORS 

NAME  PLATES 

LAMINATORS 

INSTRUMENT 

COVERS 
DUST  COVERS 
POWDER 

DIVIDERS 
INSTRUCTION 

PLATES 
WAR  PLANT 
IDENTIFICATION 

BADGES 


NOVELTY   COMPANY 

47     Years,     Manufacturers     of     Advertising      and     Plastic     Specialties 

3510    SO.  WESTERN    AVENUE      *    CHICAGO     9,     ILLINOIS 


MARCH 


I'L.ISTICS 


177 


[Shearers  Cent.] 

Skilsaw,  Inc. 

Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Slotted  discs 
Field  Abrasive  Specialty  Mfg.  Co. 

Blotters 
Douglas  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 

Spindles 

Modern  Tool  Works  Limited 
Sav-Way  Industries 

Stamping 
Acromark  Company,  The 

Tapping 

Aircraft  Tools,   Incorporated 
Bay  State  Tap  and  Die  Company 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Detroit  Tap  ft  Tool  Company 
Douglas  Machinery  Co., 
Errington  Mechanical  Laboratory 
Frew  Machine  Co.,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Greenfield  Tap  &  Die  Corp. 
Haffling,  E.  V.  Company 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Haskins,  R.  G.  Co., 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 
Company 

Mechanical  Mold  ft  Machine  Co.,  The 
Morse  Twist  Drill  ft  Machine  Co. 
Murchey  Machine  ft  Tool  Company 
National  Automatic  Tool  Co.,  Inc 
Procunier  Safety  Chuck  Company 
Rickert-Shaper  Co. 
Sossner  Steel  Stamps 
Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 

Thread  cutting 
Champion  Blower  4  Forge  Co. 
Eastern  Machine  Screw  Corporation, 

Errington  Mechanical  Laboratory 
(.eneral  Binding  Corporation 
Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Landis  Machine  Company 
Monarch  Machine  Tool  Co.,  The 
Murchey   Machine   ft  Tool   Company 
Peerless   Machine   Company 
Pratt  ft  Whitney 
Procunier  Safety  Chuck  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Rickert-Shaper  Co. 
Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 
Summit  Roberts  Tool  Co. 
Wentworth  Machine  Company 

Thread  grinding 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 

Thread  milling 
Waltham  Machine  Works 

Thread   milling   machines 
Detroit  Tap  ft  Tool  Company 

Thread  rolling 
Groov-Pin  Corporation 

Tumbling 

Minn.  Mining  ft  Mfg.  Co. 
United  Laboratories  Co. 

Welding 

Progressive  Welder  Company 
Trindl  Products  Ltd. 

PLASTICS  PROCESSING 
Casting 

Agitators 

AIsop  Engineering  Corporation 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
International  Engineering,  Inc 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Read  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Autoclaves 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works,  Inc. 

Boilers 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works,  Inc. 

Cake   mixers 
AbW  Engineering  Co. 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First   Machinery  Corp. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 

Centrifuge 
Sharpies  Corporation,  The 

Rim  casting 

Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Kettles 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works,  Inc. 


Mixing  bowls 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Pressure  cookers 
Edge  Moor  Iron   Works,   Inc. 

Resin  stills 
Edge   Moor   Iron   Works,   Inc. 

Storage  tanks 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  So.,  The 
Blaw-Knox   Company 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Tanks 

Edge   Moor   Iron   Works,    Inc. 
Thermoplastic  east  resin  melters 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Blaw-Knox   Company 
T.oomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 

Tumbling 
Minn.  Mining  It  Mfg.  Co. 


Coating 

Air  compressors 
DeVilbiss    Company,    The 

Centrifugal  lacquer  coaters 
Barrett,  I-eon  J.  Co. 

Chrome-plating  equipment 
Hanson-Van   Winkle-Munning 

Company 

Lea  Mfg.  Co..  The 
Munning  A  Munning,  Inc. 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.,  Inc. 

Coating 

Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Bird  ft  Son,  Inc. 
Couphlin  Mfg.  Co. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
Waldron.  John  Corporation 
Youngstown-Miller    Company 

Dip-tanks 

Aeroil   Burner  Company,   Inc. 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.,   Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 
Trent.  Harold  E..  Company 
Waldron.  John  Corporation 
Young  Bro  s  Co. 
Young  ft  Bertke  Co. 

Electroplating 
Hanson-Van   Winkle-Munning 

Company 

Lea  Mfg.  Co..  The 
Munning  ft  Munning,  Inc 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.,  Inc. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Slue  spreaders  (padders) 
Albert,  L.  ft  Son 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 

Infra-red  drying  ovens 
Burdett  Manufacturing  Co. 
Despatch  Oven  Co. 
Fostoria  Pressed   Steel  Corp. 
Infra-Red  Engineers  ft  Designers 
Koch.  George  ft  Son  Mfg.  Co. 
Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Young  ft  Bertke  Co. 

Knife-coating 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
foughlin   Mfg.  Co. 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Metallizing 
Eclipse   Fuel   Engineering  Company 

Overhead  cranes 
American  Chain  ft  Cable  Company 
Wright  Manufacturing  Division 

Pin-frame  dryers 
(impregnated  textiles) 
Proctor  ft  Schwartz  Inc. 

Pump 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 

Radiant  paint,  lacquer 

drying  oven 
Young  Bros.  Co. 

Spraying  equipment 

Binks   Manufacturing  Co. 
DeVilbiss  Co.,  The 


[Spraying  eqpt.  Conf.] 

Eclipse  Air  Brush  Co.,  Inc. 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corp. 
Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Mjlburn,  Alexander  Co.,  The 
Minnesota  Mining  4  Manufacturing 
Paasche  Airbrush  Co. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 
Spray  Engineering  Co. 

Spray  booths 
Young  ft  Bertke  Co. 

Tanks,  rubber-lined 
Manhattan  Rubber  Mfg.  Division, 
The  Raybestos-Manhattan,  Inc. 

Vaporseal  clarifiers 
Sharpies  Corporation,  The 

Electronic  Heating 

Aero  Communications.   Inc. 
Airtronics  Manufacturing  Company 
Ajax  Electrothermic  Corporation 
Barker  4  Williamson 
Belmont  Radio  Corp. 
Branston   Electric   Mfg.  Co. 
Budd  Induction  Heating,  Inc. 
Bunnell,  J.  H.  ft  Co. 
Burdick  Corporation,  The 
Cutler-Hammer,  Inc. 
Cyclonics  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
De  Forest,  Lee  Labs. 
Ecco  High  Frequency  Electric  Corp. 
Electron    Equipment   Corp. 
Federal  Electric  Co.,  Inc 
Federal  Telephone  and  Radio 

Corporation 
Fischer  Corp. 
General  Elect**  Co.  (Schenectady, 

Girdler  Corp. 

H  ft  A   Manufacturing  Co.,  Inc 

Harper  Electric  Furnace  Corp. 

Illinois  Tool   Works 

Induction  Heating  Corp. 

Intra-Therm  Corporation,  The 

Johnson,  E.  F.  Co. 

Kurman  Electric  Co. 

Lepel  High  Frequency  Laboratories 

North  American  Philips  Co.,  Inc 

Ohio  Crankshaft  Company,  The 

Radio  Corporation  of  America. 

n/fl^fn*    Apparatus    Section 

RCA  Victor  Div.,  Radio  Corp    of 

America. 

Radio  Frequency  Laboratories,  Inc. 
.artio  Keceptor  Company.   Inc. 
c5     Corrugated  Quenched  Gap  Co. 
Sherron   Metallic  Corp. 
Sylvania  Electric  Products,  Inc. 
\\est.nRhouse    Electric   ft    Mfg.    Co., 

Industrial  Electronics  Div. 

Extruding 

Albert,  L.  ft  Son 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 

Baldwin-Southwark  Division 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Bawden  Machine  Co.  Ltd.,  The 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
Farrel   Birmingham  Company,  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Improved  Paper  Machinery 

Corporation 

Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Royle,  John  4  Sons 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 


Forming 

Deep-drawing 

Ajax  Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  ft  Machine 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Henry  ft  Wright  Manufacturing 

Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Keimuller   Bros  Co. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Verson  Allsteel  Press  Co. 
William,  White  ft  Co. 

Grinding 
Engineering  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Infra-red  sheet,  rod  forming 
Infra-Red  Engineers  4  Designers 

Pilling   machine   for   preforms 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Colton,  Arthur.  Company 
Defiance  Machine  Works  Div. 
Denison   Engineering  Company,  The 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Kux  Machine  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Co. 

Preform  screens 
General  Binding  Corporation 


Rolling 

Albert,  L.  ft  Son 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Midvale  Company,  The 
Murchey  Machine  &  Tool  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 

Swedging 

Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Vacuum  pumps  and  accessories 
AbW  Engineering  Co. 
Allis-Chalmers   Manufacturing 
Devine,  J.  P.  Manufacturing  Co., 

Inc. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 
Kinney  Manufacturing  Company 
Lammert  and  Mann  Co. 
Leiman   Bros.,   Inc. 
Nash  Engineering  Company 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Stokes,  F.  J.,  Machine  Co. 
Union  Steam  Pump  Co. 

Laboratory  Equipment 

Agitators 

Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Devine.  J.   P.    Manufacturing  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
International  Engineering,   Inc. 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Bench  presses 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Co. 

Blenders 

Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Read  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 

Distillers 

Bauman  Rosin  ft  Associates 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Porter.  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 

Dough  mixers 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 

Extruding,   laboratory  type 
Midwest  Production  Machine  Co. 

Hydraulic  presses 
Anderson  Bros.  Mfg.  Co. 
Carver,  Fred  S.. 
Laboratory  Specialties,   Inc. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Watson-Stillman   Company,   The 

Injection  molding  presses 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 

Mills 

Industrial   Equipment  Company 

Mixers 

Loomis,   Evarts  G.   Company 
Read  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 

Mixing  rolls 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 

Ovens 
Young  &  Bertke  Co. 

Pilot  units 
Blaw-Knox  Company 

Presses 

Celoid   Mfp.   Co.,   Inc. 

Improved  Paper  Machinery  Corp. 

Kingsbacher-Mtirphy  Co. 

Laboratory  Specialties,   Inc. 

Preco,  Inc. 

Reimuller   Bros. 

United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 

Pulverizing 
Albert,  L.  &  Son 
Ball  &  Jewell 

Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Devine.  J.   P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
First    Mach  inery   Corp. 
International    Engineering,    Inc. 
Jeffrey  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 
Mead  &  Company 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Pulverizing  Machinery  Co. 
Raymond  Pulverizer  Division 

Combustion  Engineering  Co.,  Inc. 

Reaction  kettles 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
"Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  Inc 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Devine,  J.   P.   Manufacturing  Co. 


178 


PLASTICS 


VI. \RT.H    1Q4.-. 


are  only  a  few  of 
the  features  in  the 

MODEL   DE 

AIRTRON1CS 

Preheater 


HERE  is  the  electronic  preheater  that  fills  a  long 
felt  need  among  molders  for  a  machine  of 
. . .  greater  power  output 
. . .  maximum  operating  simplicity 

AIRTRONICS  Model  DE  Preheaters  fully  meet 
this  need  —  2V,  K.W  output,  and  completely  auto- 
matic operation. 

A  unique  feature  of  this  model  is  the  dual  load- 
selector.  Two  starter  buttons  control  the  automatic 
tuning  for  two  different  preform  charges,  so  that 
one  operator  can  handle  two  presses  using  different 
materials  or  sizes  of  preforms.  In  addition,  the 
power  output  is  automatically  maintained  at  any 
desired  load  during  the  entire  heating  cycle. 

The  table  at  the  right  shows  the  comparative  heat- 
ing times  for  popular  types  of  plastic  materials, 
using  the  AIRTRONICS  Models  CB  and  DE  — 


Material 

Weight 

Preheating  Time 

Final 
Temp. 

Model  CB 

Model  DE 

BMI20 

16  o 

90  we. 

45  .« 

240"F 

BM926 

12  o  . 

75  >»c 

30  let 

J40^F 

DURtZ  55 

7o 

45  tec. 

22  we 

245°f 

DUREZ  2491 

7  o 

45  i»c. 

23  .»c 

240'  F 

TEXOUTE  1589 

14  o  . 

85  we. 

43  .ec 

24C   F 

IMI20 

32  o 

100  tec 

.">      f 

BM926 

24  o 

A',   ,.r 

?4i    F 

Send  for  complete  data  on  AIRTRONICS 
Preheaters,  specifying  the  model  that  fits  your 
needs,  or  submit  your  preheating  problem  for 
our  analysis  and  recommendations — no  obliga- 
tion. Wtrti  Dipt  P 


CHICAGO 

121   W.  Wacker  Drive 

Zone  1 


NEW  YORK 

31-28  Quf.ni  Blvd 

Long  lilond  City 

Zon.  I 


LOS  ANGEIES 

524)  W.  Son  Fernando  Rd 

Zone  26 


MARCH  194.-I 


i'l.ASTMCS 


179 


[Reaction    kettles   Co**.] 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
International  Engineering,  Inc 

R°r!ieriUHL-K-  Con>Pany,  Inc. 
Kead  Machinery  Co.  Inc 
Struthers   Wells  Corporation 
Trent,  Harold  E.,  Company 

Retorts 

Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
BuSalo  Tank  Corporation 
Devme,  J.  P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc 
first  Machinery  Corp. 
Girdler  Corporation,  The 
Porter,  H    K.  Company,  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Steam  boilers 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Company 

Laminating  and 
Impregnating 

Slue  heaters 

Devine,  J.  P.  Manufacturing  Co 
Inc. 

E$''PSMFudr  EnK'"ee"n8  Company 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
Hanson-Van   Winkle-Munning 


Stevens,  Frederic  B    Inc 
Trent,  Harold  E.  Company 

Hot-a!r  seasoning   vaults 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Devine.  J.   P.  Manufacturing  Co. 

Hydraulic   presses 
Logansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 

Impregnating  systems 
Barrett,  Leon  J.  Company 
Blaw-Knox   Company 

Laminating  presses 
Adamson  United  Company 
Albert,  L.  &  Son 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin   Locomotive  Works    The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associate* 
Birdsboro  Steel   Foundry  &  Machine 
times  Engineering  Works  of 

American  Steel  Foundries 


French  Oil  Well  'Machinery  Company 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Merritt  Engineering  and  Sales  Co 
rreco.   Inc. 

United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson  Stillman  Company,  The 
».- '"I?"™'  White  4  Co. 
Wood,  R.  D.  Company 

Rollers 

Baid7i"  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  &  Machine 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Platens 
Trent.  Harold  E.  Company 

Treaters 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 

Vacuum   pump   and   accessories 

Abb«  Engineering  Co. 
Allis-Chalmers   Manufacturing 

Company 

Bawden  Machine  Co.,  Ltd.,  The 
Devine.  J    P.   Manufacturing  Co 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Kinney  Manufacturing  Company 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Lammert  and  Mann  Co 
Leiman  Bros.,  Inc. 
Merritt  Engineering  and  Sales  Co. 
Nash  Engineering  Company 
Pennsylvania  Pump  &  Compressor 
c-or;er'  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Stokes.  F.  J.,  Machine  Co. 
Union  Steam  Pump  Co 
Worthington   Pump  &  Machinery 

Vacuums 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Co. 

Vacuum  gages 
Stokes,  F.  J.   Machine  Co. 

Veneer  presses 
Albert,  L.  &  Son 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 

180 


[Veneer  presses  Conf.3 

Elmes  Engineering  Works  of 
American  Steel  Foundries 
Farrel-Birmingham  Company,  Inc 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Lake  Erie  Engineering  Corporation 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Merritt  Engineering  and  Sales  Co. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Williams,  White  &  Co. 
Wood,  R.  D.  Company 

Vises 

Neal  &  Brinker  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 

LAMINATING 

Autoclaves 

Adamson  United  Company 

Albert,  L.  &  Son 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Devine.  J.  P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
International  Engineering,  Inc. 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 

Bag-molds 

Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 

Hydraulic  presses 

Adamson  United  Company 

Albert,  L.  &  Son 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 

Bawden  Machine  Co.,  Ltd.,  The 

Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 

Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  &  Machine 

Blackhawk  Mfg.  Co. 

Carver,  Fred  S. 

Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 

Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 

Dunning  &  Boschert  Press  Co.,  Inc. 

Elmes  Engineering  Works  of 
American  Steel  Foundries 
Erie  Engine  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Farrel-Birmingham  Company,   Inc. 

Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery 

Company 

Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Kingsbacher-Murphy  Co. 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Lake  Erie  Engineering  Corporation 
Loomis,  Exarts  G.  Company 
Merritt  Engineering  and  Sales  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
Stewart  Boiling  &  Company,  Inc. 
Stokes,  F.  J.,  Machine  Co. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company.  The 
Williams.  White  &  CoT 
Wood,  R.  D.  Company 


Inc. 


IMPREGNATING 

Autoclaves 

Adamson  United  Company 
Albert,  L.  &  Son 
American  Instrument  Company 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Devine.  J.  P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
International  Engineering, 
Lammert  and  Mann  Co. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Midvale  Company,  The 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 
Trent,  Harold  E.,  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 

Dip  tanks 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Detrex  Corporation 
Devine,  J.  P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
International  Engineering.  Inc 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 
Trent.  Harold  E.  Company 


[Dip  tanks  Cent.] 

Waldron,  John  Corporation 
Young  Bro's  Co. 

Rollers 

Albert,  L.  &  Son 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 

Machine  Accessories 

Accumulators  (hydraulic) 
Albert,  I.  &  Son 
Aldrich  Pump  Company,  The 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  &  Machine 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Dunning  &  Boschert  Press  Co. 
Elmes  Engineering  Works  of 

American  Steel  Foundries 
Farrel-Birmingham   Company,   Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery 

Company 

Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Industrial   Equipment  Company 
LakeErie  Engineering  Corporation 
Loomis,   Evarts  G.   Company 
Midvale  Company,   The 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Rcinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stewart  Boiling  &  Company,  Inc. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Wood,  R.  D.  Company 

Boring  heads 
Fray   Machine  Tool   Co. 

Combustion  safeguards 
Wheelco  Instruments  Company 

Cooling  equipment 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Condensers 

Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
Devme,  J.  P.  Manufacturing  Co., 

Inc. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 
Pedrick  Tool  &  Machine  Co. 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 
Union  Steam  Pump  Co. 

Cooling 

Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Devine,  J.  P.  Manufacturing  Co., 

Inc. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 
Porter,   H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Worthington  Pump  &  Machinery 

Corp. 

Counters 
Durant  Manufacturing  Company 

Cylinders 

Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery 

Division  Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 
Lonansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Hannifin  Manufacturing  Company 

Electrical  instruments 
Weston  Electrical  Instrument 

Corporation 


Flow  meters 

American  Gas  Furnace  Co. 
Bristol  Company,  The 
Brown  Instrument  Company,  The 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Foxboro  Company,  The 
Leeds  &  Northrup  Company 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Republic  Flow  Meters  Co. 
Taylor  Instrument  Companies 

Form  cutters 
Ekstrom   Carlson  &  Co. 

Gages 

Lufkin  Rule  Co. 
Keckley.  O.  C.  Company 
Wickman,  A.  C.  (Canada)  Limited 

High  frequency  tubes 
United    Electronics   Co. 

Humidity  indicators,  controllers, 

recorders,  regulators 
American    Instrument  Company 
Bristol  Company,  The 
Brown  Instrument  Company,  The 
Cambridge   Instrument  Co.,   Inc. 
Leeds  &  Northrup  Company 
Manning  Maxwell  &  Moore,  Inc. 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Taylor  Instrument  Companies 

Hydraulic  fluid,  water  pumps 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Albert,  L.  &  Son 
Aldrich  Pump  Comanpy,  The 


PLASTMC& 


[Hydraulic  fluid  Conf.] 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
cauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
De  Laval  Steam  Turbine  Co. 
Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Detroit  Universal  Duplicator  Co 
Devine.  J.  P.   Manufacturing  Co. 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co 
Dunning  &  Boschert  Press  Co.,  Inc. 
times  Engineering  Works  of 
American  Steel  Foundries 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil   Machinery  Company 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Logansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Lincoln  Engineering  Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Racine  Tool  &  Machine  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.   Co. 
Reinhold,  F.   E.   Mfg. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
Sundstrand  Machine  Tool  Company 
Union  Steam  Pump  Co. 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Worthington   Pump  &   Machinery 

Hydraulic  power  units 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 

Manifolds,  cylinder  charging   and 

Discharging 

Bastian-Blessing  Company,  The 
Milling  mach.  &  heads 
Fray  Machine  Tool  Co. 

Oil  purifiers 
Sharpies  Corporation,  The 

Photoelectric  controls 
Photoswitch,    Inc. 

Pressure  indicators,  controllers, 

recorders,  regulators 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Albert,  L.  &   Son 
Bastian-Blessing  Company,  The 
Bristol  Company,  The 
Brown  Instrument  Company,  The 
Brush  Development  Company,  The 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Foxboro  Company,  The 
Keckley,  O.  C.  Company 
Lincoln  Engineering  Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Manning  Maxwell  &  Moore,  Inc. 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Republic  Flow  Meters  Co. 
Seely  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Taylor  Instrument  Companies 
Wheelco  Instruments  Company 

Pumping  units 
American    Engineering   Co. 

Router  bits 
Ekstrom  Carlson  &  Co. 

Spindles 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 

Spray  nozzles 
Spray  Engineering  Co. 

Steam  traps 
Keckley,  O.  C.  Company 
Nicholson,  W.  H.  &  Company 
Sarco  Company,  Inc. 

Temperature   indicators, 
controllers,  recorders,  regulators 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 

Bristol  Company,  The 

Brown  Instrument  Company,  The 

Burling   Instrument   Company 

Cambridge   Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 

Foxboro  Company,  The 

Illinois  Testing  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Keckley,  O.  C.  Company 

Leeds  &  Northrup  Company 

•Manning  Maxwell  &  Moore,  Inc. 

Modern  Tool  Works  Ltd. 

Manning  &  Munning,  Inc. 

Portable  Products  Corporation 

Pyrometer  Instrument  Co.,  The 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Republic  Flow  Meters  Co. 

Sarco  Company,  Inc. 

Seely  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 

Taylor  Instrument  Companies 

Thwing-Albert    Instrument    Company 

Weston  Electrical  Instrument 
Company 

Wheelco  Instruments  Company 

Timing  indicators,  controllers, 

recorders,  regulators 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Automatic  Temperature  Control  Co. 


MARCH  1945 


Fig.  ].  Biggs  autoclave  with  quick-opening  door  equipped 
with  special  heating  manifolds  and  circulating  fan  for  con- 
trol ol  temperature  gradients  throughout  the  unit.  .  .  .  Fig.  2. 
Special  autoclave  with  quick-opening  door  tor  bag  molding 
of  plastic  bonded  fabrics,  metals,  or  molded  plywood.  Fur- 
nished in  all  sizes  and  for  pressures  up  to  400  psi. 


FOR  over  50  years  "Biggs  Built"  equipment  has  served  the 
chemical  and  allied  processing  industries.  Today  Biggs  auto- 
claves, mixing  kettles,  and  special  welded  steel  and  alloy  pres- 
sure vessels  are  available  in  a  variety  of  types  and  sizes  for 
the  efficient  processing  of  plastics  and  resins. 

Biggs  autoclaves  with  quick-opening  doors  are  in  use  for  the 
pressure  molding  of  thermoplastics  and  laminated  phenolics. 
They  can  be  furnished  in  single-shell  construction  with  heating 
coils,  baffles,  and  fans  for  controlling  temperature  gradients,  or 
of  jacketed  construction,  and  in  a  wide  range  of  sizes  and 
working  pressures. 

Modern  plant  facilities  guided  by  mature  experience  are  your 
assurance  that  Biggs  is  a  reliable  and  dependable  source  of 
supply  for  many  and  varied  types  of  special  processing  equip- 
ment. Our  manufacturing  facilities  are  at  your  disposal. 


Fig.  3.  Nickel-clad  Jacketed  mixing  kettle  lor  the 
phenolic  resin  and  chemical  Industrie*.  .  .  .  Fig.  4. 
Steam-jacketed  laboratory  reactor.  Outside  shell 
of  carbon  steel:  inside  shell  10-8  stainless  steel. 
Special  agitator.  .  .  .  Fig.  S.  Stainless  steel  welded 
kettle  and  condenser.  Kettle  is  complete  with  re- 
movable cover  and  special  agitators. 


BOILER  WORKS  CO, 


1007     BANK    STREET     •      AKRON    5,    OHIO,    U.S.A. 


Write  now  /or  a  copy  of  our 

pro/useJy  illustrated  Bulletin 

No.  45 


MARCH  1945 


Pt.ASTiCS 


1S1 


[Timing    Ind      Conr.J 

Bristol  Company,  The 
Cramer,  R.  W.  Company,  Inc.,  The 
Diana  Clock  Works 
Eagle  Signal  Corp. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Foxboro  Company,  The 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Modern  Tool  Works  Ltd. 
Paragon  Electric  Company 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Seely  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Taylor  Instrument  Companies 
Wheelco  Instrument  Company 

Valves 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  4  Machine 
Bristol  Company,  The 
Brown  Instrument  Company,  The 
Carver,  Fred  S. 
Denispn  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Dunning  and  Boscher  Press  Co. 
Dunning  &  Boschert  Press  Co.,  Inc. 
Elmes  Engineering  Works  of 

American  Steel  Foundries 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Foxboro  Company,  The 
French  Oil   Well  Machinery  Co. 
Hannifin  Manufacturing  Company 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Keckley,  O.  C.  Company 
Logansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Manning  Maxwell  4  Moore,  Inc. 
New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 
Nicholson,  W.    H.   Company 
Pedrick  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Racine  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 
Reading-Pratt  *  Cody  Division 

American  Chain  &  Cable  Company 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Seely  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Sundstrand   Machine  Tool  Company 
Taylor   Instrument  Companies 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Wheelco  Instrument  Company 

Variable-speed  drives 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 

Allis  Chalmers    Manufacturing   Co. 

Allis,  Louis  Company,  The 

American  Blower  Corporation 

American  Engineering  Co. 

Continental  Machines,  Inc. 

DoAll  Company,  The 

Federal  Telephone  &  Radio  Corp. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 

Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Ideal  Commutator   Dresser   Company 

Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co., 

Inc. 

Modern  Tool  Works  Ltd. 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stow  Manufacturing  Company 
Sundstrand  Machine  Tool  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Corp. 

Water  salvage  systems 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Devine,  J.  P.  Manufacturing  Co. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

ELECT.  POWER  PLANT 
Generators 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Allis-Chalmers   Manufacturing 
Hanson-Van   Winkle-Munning 
Lea  Mfg.  Co..  The 
I. eland  Electric  Co. 
Munning  4  Munning,  Inc. 
Northwest  Syndicate,   Inc. 
Sturtevant,  B.  F.  Co. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Motors 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 

Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing 

Allis,  Louis  Company,  The 

Baldor  Electric  Co. 

Century  Electric  Co. 

Fray  Machine  Tool  Co. 

GenT  Electric  Co.   (N.Y.) 

Kimble   Electric  Div. 

Miehle  Printing  Press  4  Mfg.  Co. 

Leland  Electric  Co. 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Small  Motors,  Inc. 


[Motors  Conr.J 
Sturtevant,  B.  F.  Co. 
U.  S.  Electric  Corp. 
Wagner  Electric  Corp. 

Rectifiers 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing 

Company 

Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Federal  Telephone  4  Radio  Corp. 
Hanson-Van    Winkle-Munning 

Company 

Lea   Mfg.    Co.,   The 
Munning  4  Munning,  Inc. 
Small   Motors,  Inc. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Relays 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing 

Company 

Federal  Telephone  4  Radio  Corn. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Seely  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Transformers 

Aircraft   Tools.    Incorporated 
Allis-Chalmers   Manufacturing 

Company 

Federal  Telephone  4  Radio  Corp. 
Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Machining,  Shaping, 
Finishing 

Abrasives,  coated 
Armour  and  Company 
Behr-Manning  Corporation 
Clover  Mfg.  Co. 

Abrasive  rolls  and  points 
Field  Abrasive  Specialty  Mfg.  Co. 

Abrasive  wheels 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
American    Rotary  Tools  Company 
Atkins,   E.   C.  and  Company 
Bevil  Co. 

Blanchard  Machine  Co.,  The 
Continental   Machines,  Inc. 
Covel-Hanchett  Co. 
Crescent   Machine  Co.,  The 
Divine   Brothers   Co. 
DoAll  Company,  The 
Gardner  Machine  Company 
General  Binding  Corp. 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Lea   Mf^.   Co..  The 
Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine 
Manhattan  Rubber  Mfg.  Division, 
The  Raybestos-Manhattan,  Inc. 
Munning  4  Munning,  Inc. 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Norton  Company 
Precise  Products  Company 
Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Safety  Grinding  Wheel   4  Machine 
Simonds  Saw  and  Steel  Company 
Stevens,  Frederic  B.,  Inc. 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 

Angle   brakes 

(to  bend  fibrous  material) 
Peck,  Stow  4  Wilcox  Co.,  The 

Ashing  wheels 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Burns,  E.  Reed.  Mfg.  Corp. 
Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co. 
Manderscheid  Company,  The 

Balancing  tools 
Divine  Brothers  Co. 

Bending  forms 

General  Binding  Corporation 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Pedrick  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 

Bevelers 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Boring 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Defiance  Machine  Works  Div. 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Monarch  Machine  Tool  Co.,  The 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Pedrick  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 
Pratt  4  Whitney 
Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Rickert-Shaper  Co. 
Root.  B.  M.  Company 
Sav-Way  Industries 


[Boring  Cenr.l 

Special  Tool  4  Machine  Company 
Wetmore  Reamer  Co. 

Broaching 

Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
Oilgear  Company,  The 

Buffing 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
American  Buff  Company 
Baldor  Electric  Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Burns,  E.  Reed  Mfg.  Corp. 
Cincinnati   Electrical  Tool   Co.,  The 
Codman,  F.  L.  4  J.  C.  Company 
Detroit  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
Divine  Brothers  Co. 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Hammond  Machinery  Builders,  Inc. 
Hanson-Van   Winkle-Munning 
Haskins,  R.  G.  Co. 
Hisey  Wolf  Machine  Co..  The 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 

Jackson  Buff  Corporation 

Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Lupomatic   Tumbling   Machine   Co. 

Manderscheid  Company,  The 

Munning  4  Munning,  Inc. 

Packer  Machine  Company,  The 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Royersford  Foundry  4  Machine  Co. 

Sav-Way  Industries 

Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 

Stevens.  Frederic  B.,  Inc. 

Stow  Manufacturing  Company 

Udylite  Corporation,  The 

United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co., 
The 

Burring 
Ford.  M.  A.   Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Carvers 
Duro   Metal   Products  Co. 

Chip-breaking  grinders 

Hammond  Machinery  Builders,  Inc. 

Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Mead  4  Company 

Sav-Way  Industries 

United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 

Cut-offs 

American  Chain  4  Cable  Company, 

Inc. 

Beach  Manufacturing  Co. 
Campbell,  Andrew  C.  Division 
Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co., 

Inc. 

Murchey  Machine  4  Tool  Company 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Peck,  Stow  4  Wilcox  Co.,  The 
Peerless  Machine  Company 
Standard  Tool  Co. 
Tietzmann   Engineering  Company 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 

Cutters 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
American   Rotary  Tools  Company 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
McCrosky  Tool  Corporation 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Peck,  Stow  4  Wilcox  Co.,  The 
Tungsten  Carbide  Tool  Company 

Cut-off  machines 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 


Cutting 

Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Michigan  Tool  Company 

Die  heads 

Eastern  Machine  Screw  Corporation 
Drills 

Aero  Tool  4  Die  Works 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Canedy  Otto  Mfg.  Co. 
Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co.,  The 
Dumore  Company,  The 
Frew  Machine  Co.,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool  Co. 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Murchey  Machine  4  Tool  Company 


[Drills  Cont.l 

Neal  &  Brinker  Co. 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Skilsaw,  Inc. 

Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Stow  Manufacturing  Company 

United   States   Electrical   Tool   Co. 

Wickman,  A.  C.  (Canada)  Limited 

Drill  presses 

Aero  Tool  &  Die  Works 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 

Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 

Atlas  Press  Company 

Autoparts  Tractor  &  Machine  Co. 

Boice-Crane  Company 

Buffalo  Forge  Co. 

Canedy  Otto  Mfg.  Co. 

Champion  Blower  4  Forge  Co. 

Defiance  Machine  Works  Div 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Dumore  Company,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Haskins,  R.  G.  Co. 
Henry  4  Wright  Manufacturing   Cm 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Holm's    Manufacturing    Company 
Laboratory  Specialties,  Inc. 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Royersford  Foundry  4  Machine  Co. 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 

Edging  Lathes 
Boice-Crane  Company 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Edging  or  trimming 
V  4  O  Press  Company,  Inc.,  The 

Files 

Aircraft  Tools,   Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 
American   Rotary  Tools  -  Company 
Chicago  Precision   Equipment  Co. 
Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Disston,  Henry  4  Sons,  Inc. 
Do  A II  Company,  The 
Ford.  M.  A.  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Haskins,   R.  G.   Co. 
Holm's    Manufacturing    Company 
Meal   4   Brinker  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Simonds  Saw  and  Steel  Company 
Stow  Manufacturing  Company 

Finishing 
Buttondex  Corp. 

Hammond  Machinery  Builder,  Inc. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 

Foot  presses 
Celoid  Mfg..  Inc. 
Famco  Machine  Co. 
Royersford   Foundry   4   Machine  Co. 

Grinders 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Arter  Grinding  Machine  Company 
Ajax-Doret    Metal    Products    Limited 
Blanchard  Machine  Co.,  The 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co..  The 
Cincinnati  Grinders  Incorporated 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co.,  The 
Cleveland  Tool  Engineering  Co. 
Continental   Machines,  Inc. 
Covel-Hanchett  Co. 
Covel  Mfg.  Co. 
Douglas  Machiner  Co.,  Inc. 
Dumore  Company,  The 
Duro  Metal  Products  Co. 
Fitchburg  Grinding  Machine 

Corporation 

Gallmeyer  4   Livingston   Company 
Gardner  Machine  Company 
Gear  Grinding  Machine  Company. 

The 

General   Binding  Corporation 
Gorton,  George,  Machine  Co. 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Hammond  Machinery  Builders,  Inc. 
Hanchett  Mfg.  Co. 
Hanskins,  R.  G.  Co. 
Hisey-Wolf  Machine  Co.,  The 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 
McGonegal  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Mall   Tool   Company 
Onsrud   Machine   Works,   Inc. 
Porter-Cable    Machine    Company 
Pratt  4   Whitney 
Precise    Products    Company 
Reinhold,   F.    E.    Mfg. 
Rivett   Lathe   4   Grinder    Inc. 
Sav-Way    Industries 
Schauer    Mfg.    Company 
Skilsaw,    Inc. 

Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Stanley   Electric  Tools 


182 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


expense  oi  pumps  or 


One  of  the  Reasons  the  Plastics  Industry  Prefers  this 

Type  C  tfdS^gk  Push  Button 


GAS-FIRED  "STEAMBOILERPLANT 


Perfectly  meets  the  requirements  of  plastics  mold- 
ing. Fast-steaming.  Easy  to  install  —  operate 
clean  -maintain.  Efficient  —  and  a  money-saver. 
Steam  generated  only  when  needed;  starts  at  the 
touch  of  a  button;  when  desired  pressure  is  reached, 
flame  goes  OFF;  comes  ON  again  full  strength 
when  pressure  drops.  A  Complete  Factory-Built 


Unit,  consisting  of  Boiler,  Burner,  Controls  and 
Attachments,  all  ready  to  attach  to  gas,  water  and 
supply  lines.  Eclipse  takes  complete. responsibility 
for  satisfactory  operation.  Write  for  Bulletin  A- 108. 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Co.,  711  South  Main 
Rockford,  Illinois. 


ECLIPSE 


Mv  Kce  Dowrhcrm  \'ap<»n/crs  •  McKcc  Feed  \VjUT 
Devices*  McKee  "Save  Condensation"  Boiler  S>s(enn 
•  McKee  Gas  Immersion  Water  Heaters  •  McKcc- 
Eclipse  Furnaces,  Control  Valves  .... 


RING        CO 


-II  ifs  lor  Gas— buy  Eclipse. 


Mi  Krr  CcnirifuKal  Preuure 
BloKerv  Gas  Burners  and 
Air-dji  Mixer. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


is:; 


[Grinders  Conf.J 


Grinding 

American  Rotary  Tools  Company 
Snginf«"n5   Laboratories,    Inc. 
Ex-Cell-O  Corporation 
Holm  s    Manufacturing    Company 
Norton  Company 

Grinding  wheels 
Norton  Company 

Jigsaws 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Lapping 

Aero  Tool   &  Die  Works 
Aircraft    Tools,    Incorporated 
p"1?nnaAl   grinderl  Incorporated 
tx-Cell-O    Corporation 
Holm  8    Manufacturing   Company 

Lathes 
Aircraft    Tool,,    Incorporated 

At£  iCS   Metal    Prod<1«»    Limited 
Atlas  Press  Company 

Autoparts  Tractor  &  Machine  Co 
Bo.ce-Crane   Company 
Divine  Brothers  Co. 
Dura  Metal  Products  Co. 
mSffSr'V  Corporation 
H)0rtJ!i  Lat1"'  *  To°'  Co. 
HockadayAircraft  Corporation 
Holms    Manufacturing   Company 
Monarch  Machine  Tool  Co..  The 
Oliver  Machinery  Co 
Pratt  4  WhitneJ 
Reinhold,    F.   E.   Mfg 
RiJ[«'  Lathe  4  GrinSer  Inc. 
Schauer  Machine  Company 


Stevens,    Frederic   B.,    Inc 

r&ZtfnPS™!*"* 
Warner  4  Swasey  Co.,  The 

Milling 

Aircraft   Tools.   Incorporated 
i£EE2?l£S    5«S*  Limited 
BroWsi^f*    £«"»«    C°' 
Brown  4  Sh.rpc  MfK!  Co' 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co     The 
Douglas  Machinery  Co..  Inc.       ' 
£  ew   M<Knln?   Co..   The 
eS£r  /?lndin«  .Corporation 
Hoi™"'  »T)rB/'   Mlchine   Co. 
ir2.?n  Manufacturing   Company 
Kent-Owens  Machine  Co 
r^ooratory  Specialties.  Inc. 
Modern  fool  Works  Limited 
Morse  Twist  Drill  A  Machine  Co 
S      S^  TS°«*  M'c»ine  a,"* 
Sundstr«nd  Machine  Tool  Company 

Planers 

AutoparU  Tractor  4   Machine  Co. 
goice-Crane  Company 
Buss  Machine  Works 
General  Binding  Corporation 
WcJra  s  Manufacturing  Company 
Laboratory  Specialties,   Inc. 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 

Polishing 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
American  Bnff  Company 
Baldor  Electric  Company 
Cincinnati  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 


. 

Gardner  Machine  Company 
General  Binding  Corporation 

w  if   «blu-ery  BuUd«.  Inc. 
Wo^f   Machine  Co..   The 
Manufacturing 


Y       v,-  J"?  Corporation 

Le*  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Leiman  Bros..  Inc. 

Lupematic   Tumbling  Machine  Co. 

Manderscheid  Company.  The 


-Way    Industrie.*' 


, 

Stevens,  Frederic  B.,  Inc. 
S&  Manufacturing  Company 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
United  Laboratories  Co. 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 

Polking 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Profiling 

Brush  Development  Company,  The 
Cincinnati  Milling  Machine  Co.,  The 


[Profiling  Conf.l 

Frew  Machine  Co..  The 

General    Binding   Corporation 

Gorton,  George,  Machine  Co. 

Holm  s    Manufacturing    Company 

Pratt   4  Whitney 

Spiegel  Sales  Company 

Punch  presses 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret    Metal    Products    Limited 
Bawden    Machine   Co.    Ltd..   The 
Cleveland  Punch  4  Shear  Works 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Henry  &  Wright   Manufacturing  Co. 
Holm  s    Manufacturing    Company 
V  4  O  Press  Company,  Inc.,  The 

Reamers 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 

Reaming 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co..  The 
General    Binding  Corporation 
Grobet   File  Co.   of  America 
Hjorth  Lathe  4  Tool  Co. 
Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
McCrosky    Tool    Corporation 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool  Co 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Pratt  4  Whitney 
Rickert-Shaper  Co. 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co..  The 
Tungsten  Carbide  Tool  Company 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 
wetmore  Reamer  Co. 

Routers 

Aircraft  Tools.  Incorporated 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Carter,  R.  L.  Division 
Stanley  Works,  The 
Cleveland  Twist  Drill  Co.,  The 
Duro  Metal  Products  Co. 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Oliver   Machinery   Co. 
Onsrud    Machine   Works.    Inc 
Porter,  C.  O.  Machinery  Company 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Sandblasting 
Leiman  Bros.,  Inc. 

Sanders 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax  Doret  Metal   Products  Limited 
Heach  Manufacturing  Co. 
Binghampton  Flexible  Shaft  Division 

Swartz  4  White  Mfg.  Co. 
Boice-Crane   Company 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 
Divine   Brothers   Co. 
Duro  Metal  Products  Co..  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Hammond  Machinery  Builder,  Inc 
Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool  Co 
Lea   Mfg.   Co..  The 
Minnerscheid   Company,  The 
Mattlion    Machine   Works 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Porter-Cable  Machine  Company 
Skilsaw,   Inc. 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 
Sterling  Tool   Products  Company 
Stow  Manufacturing  Company 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
United  States  Electrical  Tool  Co. 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc 
Walls  Sales  Corp. 

Sanding 

Holm's    Manufacturing   Company 
Smith,  H.  B.  Machine  Co. 

Saws 

Aircraft  Tools,   Incorporated 

Ajax-Doret   Metal    Product.   Limited 

Atkins,  E.  C.  and  Company 

Beach  Manufacturing  Co. 

Boice-Crane  Company 

Chicago  Precision  Equipment  Co. 

Continental  Machines,  Inc. 

Covel  Mfg.  Co. 

Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 

Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 

Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery  Div. 

DoAll  Company,  The 

Duro  Metal  Products  Co. 

Frew  Machine  Co.,  The 

General   Binding  Corporation 

Henry  Disiton  4  Sons,  Inc. 

Hockaday  Aircraft  Corporation 

Holm's   Manufacturing    Company 

Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 

Misener    Mfg.    Co.,   Inc. 

Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 

Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 


[Sows  Cent.] 

Oli 


uiiiiuiiua  odw  aim  oicel  Company 
Skilsaw,  Inc. 
Walker-Turner   Co.,    Inc., 

Scrapers 
Anderson  Bros.  Mfg.  Co. 

Shapers 

Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Ajax-Doret    Metal   Products   Limited 
Atlas  Press  Company 
Beach  Manufacturing  Co. 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Carter,  R.  L.  Division 
Stanley  Works,  The 
Cincinnati  Shaper  Co. 
Duro  Metal  Products  Co. 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Hardinge   Bros.,   Inc. 
Holm*.  Manufacturing  Company 
Oliver  Machinery  Co. 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Porter,  C.  O.  Machinery  Company 
Pratt  4  Whitney 
Smith  4  Mills  Company,  The 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 
Walker-Turner  Co.,  Inc. 

Shearers 

Buckeye   Tool.   Corp. 
Cincinnati    Shaper  Co. 
General    Binding    Corporation 
Peck,  Stow  &  Wilcox  Co.,  The 
Skilsaw,   Inc. 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Slotted  discs 
Field  Abrasive  Specialty  Mfg.  Co. 

Slotters 
Douglas  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 

Spindles 
Root,  B.  M.  Company 

Studs 
Murchey  Machine  4  Tool  Company 

Tapping 

Aircraft   Tools,    Incorporated 
Bay  State  Tap  and  Die  Company 
Boice-Crane  Company 
Frew   Machine   Co..    The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Hawkins.  R.  G.  Co., 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Independent  Pneumatic  Tool  Co. 
Mnrchrv  Machine  4  Tool  Company 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Neal  4  Brinker  Co. 
Procunier   Safety  Chuck  Company 
Rickert-Shaper  Co. 
Winter  Bros.   Co. 

Thread  grinding 
Ex-Cell-O   Corporation 

Threading 
Eastern   Machine   Screw   Corporation 

Tumblers 
Albert.  L.  4  Son 
General    Binding   Corporation 
Lupomatic   Tumbling   Machine   Co. 
Minnesota    Mining   4   Manufacturing 
Siebert,  Rudolph  B. 
United    Laboratories   Co. 
Whiting  Corporation 


Marking 

Acid  etching 
Noble    4    Westbrook    Manufacturing 

Company,  The 
Pannier  Bros.  Stamp  Co. 

Demagnetizes 
Luma  Electric  Equipment  Co. 

Die  marking 
Hjorth  Lathe  4  Tool  Co. 

Duplicators 

Detroit  Universal   Duplicator  Co. 
Gorton.    George    Machine    Co. 
Spiegel   Sales  Co. 

Electrical  etching 
Burgess   Battery    Company 
Gorton,   George    Machine   Co. 
Luma  Electric  Equipment  Co. 

Embossing 

Acromark   Company,   The 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 

Baldwin    Southwark    Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive    Works,    The 
Coughlin    Mfg.    Co. 
Francis,  Chas.  E.   Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery 
Markem  Machine  Company 
Pannier  Bros.  Stamp  Co. 


[Embossing  Conr.l 

Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc.  The 
Reimuller   Bros.   Co. 
Standard  Machinery  Company.  The 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Engraving 
Parker  Stamp  Works  Inc.,  The 

Infra-red   preheaters 
Infra-Red   Engineers  &  Designers 

Inlaying 

Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Standard  Tool  Co. 
United   Steel   Corporation   Limited 

Pantagraphs 

Gorton,  George  Machine  Co. 
Mico  Instrument  Company 

Printing 

Acromark  Company,  The 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Gottscho,   Adolph,    Inc. 
Markem  Machine  Company 
Pannier  Bros.  Stamp  Co. 
Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc.  The 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Roll-leaf   and    hot   stamping 
Acromark  Company,   The 
Coughlin  Mfg.   Co. 
Gottscho,  Adolph,  Inc. 
Kingslcy  Stamping  Machine  Co. 
Markem  Machine  Company 
Noble    4    Westbrook    Manufactu 

Company,  The 

Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc.  The 
Standard   Tool   Co. 

Silk-screen  reproduction 
Udylite    Corporation,    The 
Waldron,  John  Corporation 

Stamping 

Acromark  Company,  The 
Aircraft    Tools,    Incorporated 
Coughlin  Mfg.  Co. 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Gottscho.    Adolph,    Inc. 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Markera    Machine  Company 
Pannier  Bros.   Stamp  Co. 
Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc.  The 
Peerless  Roll   Leaf   Co.   Inc. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Reinhold,   F.   E.    Mfg. 
Sossner    Steel    Stamps 

Stencil   machining 
Aircraft  Tools.    Incorporated 
Albert,  L.  4  Sons 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Stencil  sandblast  machining 
Leiman  Bros.,  Inc. 


~y 


Molding 

Accessories  for  making  molds 
Chicago  Tool  and  Engineering  Co. 

Accessory  parts  for  molds 
Detroit  Mold  Engineering  Co. 
Air  hammers   (to  empty   mold) 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 
Independent    Pneumatic   Tool 

Company 
Reinhold,  F.   E.  Mfg. 

Blanking  cutters 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 

Blowers 

American     Blower    Corporation 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Champion  Blower  &  Forge  Co. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Leiman   Bros.,  Inc. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Carving  spindles 
(removes  flash  and  sprue) 
Leominster   Tool    Co.,    Inc. 
Lupomatic   Tumbling   Machine   Co. 
Remhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Closure   presses 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Co. 

Cold  molding 

Baldwin    Southwark    Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works.  The 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Industrial   Equipment  Company 
Kux  Machine  Co. 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 

Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Williams,  White  4  Co. 

Compressed    air    equipment 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
Buckeye  Tools  Corp. 


184 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


by  the 
Peerless  Roll  Leaf 
Marking  Process 


For  over  25  years,  the  Peerless  marking  process  has 
been  successfully  applied  to  the  marking  of  plastics 
and  other  materials.  You  can  mark  not  only  plastics 
but  also  fibre,  hard  rubber,  wood,  paper,  and  even 
metal  which  has  been  heavily  enameled.  It  is  ideal 
for  the  application  of  trade  marks,  trade  names, 
identifying  numerals  and  symbols,  and  decorative 
spots  and  borders. 

The  equipment  required  consists  of  a  Peerless  mark- 
ing press,  suitable  brass  or  steel  dies  or  type,  and  a 
supply  of  Peerless  Roll  Leaf  in  assorted  sizes  and 
colors.  The  actual  stamping  operation  is  simple. 


A  heated  die  is  stamped  or  embossed  into  the  sur- 
face of  the  material  being  marked,  striking  the 
surface  through  a  web  of  roll  leaf,  the  color  being 
transferred  in  the  same  operation.  The  entire  opera- 
tion is  automatic.  No  drying  time  is  required.  Slow 
costly  operations  such  as  bronzing,  sizing  and  em- 
bossing are  eliminated. 

If  you  have  some  samples  on  which  you  would  like 
to  see  some  roll  leaf  stamping,  send  them  along.  We 
will  mark  them  and  return  them  to  you  without  ob- 
ligation. Full  information  on  request. 


PEERLESS  ROLL  LEAF  COMPANY,  INC 


4511-4515  NEW  YORK  AVENUE 


UNION  CITY,  N    J. 


MARCH  1945 


I'hASTICS 


is:, 


[Compressed  air  eqpt.  Cont.l 

Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery  Div. 

Curtis  Mfg.   Co. 
DeVilbiss  Co.,  The 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Hannifin   Manufacturing  Company 
Many,  T.  4  Co. 
Miller-Simons,  Inc. 
Nash  Engineering  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
U.  S.  Air  Compressor  Co.,  The 

Elevating  tables 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive    Works,    The 
Bauman   Rosin  4  Associates 
Farrel-Birmingham   Company,   Inc     ' 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co. 
Lyon-Raymond  Corporation 

Flash-trimming  dies 
Ace  Tool  4  Manufacturing  Company 
I.upomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co. 
Holm  s  Manufacturing  Company 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 
Modern  Tool  Works  Limited 
Keinhold,   F.   E.   Mfg. 

Heat-treat  ovens 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
American    Instrument    Company 
Despatch  Oven  Co. 
Fostoria  Pressed  Steel  Corporation 
General  Binding  Corporation 
Infra-Red  Engineers  4  Designers 
Koch,   George  4   Son   Mfg.    Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 
Surface  Combustion 
Trent,  Harold  E.,  Company 
Young  Bro's  Co. 
Young  4  Bertke  Co. 

Injection 
Lester  Engineering  Co. 

Insert  loaders 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Many,  J.   4  Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Loading 

Baumin  Rosin  4  Associates 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 
Reinbold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Levar  presses 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Meter,   controllers 
Bailey  Meter  Company 

Mold-cleaning 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Mold  pressure  pumps 
Baldwin    Southwark   Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Elmes   Engineering   Works  of 

American  Steel  Foundries 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Leominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Reimuller   Bros.   Co. 

Preform  presses 
Kux  Machine  Co 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Co. 

Steam  boilers 

Commonwealth    Electric   4    Mfg.    Co 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Company 

Steel  housings  for  molding  presses 
Fal  strom  Co. 

Stripping  devices 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
General  Binding  Corporation 

Toggle  presses 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 

Dunning  4  Boschert  Press  Co.,  Inc. 
First   Machinery   Corp. 
Hannifin  Manufacturing  Company 
Kux   Machine  Co. 
Leominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 
Standard    Machinery    Company,    The 
Standard  Tool  Co. 
Stokes,   F.    T.   Machine  Co. 
Terkelsen   Machine  Company 

Transfers 
Lester  Engineering  Co. 

Vaporizers 
Eclipse  Fuel  Engineering  Company 

Molding  Machinery 


[Compression  Conf.] 

Defiance  Machine  Works  Div. 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Dunning  and  Boschert  Press  Co. 
Elmes   Engineering   Works  of 

American    Steel    Foundries 
Erie  Engine  4  Manufacturing 

Company 

Parrel  Birmingham  Company,   Inc. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Hannifin    Manufacturing   Company 
Improved  Paper  Machinery 

Corporation 

Industrial   Equipment  Company 
Kux  Machine  Co. 

Lake   Erie   Engineering  Corporation 
Lester-Phoenix,  Incorporated 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
McKinnon  Iron  Works  Company 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.   Co. 
Rcinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Kodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 
Standard   Machinery  Company,   The 
Stereotex    Machinery    Co. 
Stokes,  F.  J.  Machine  Company 
Terkelsen  Machine  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Williams,  White  4  Co. 

Injection 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Bawden  Machine  Co.  Ltd.,  The 
Hisgen  Machine  Tool  Works 
Improved   Paper    Machinery    Corp. 
Leominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 
Lester-Phoenix,   Incorporated 
Many,  J.   &  Co. 
Modern  Tool  Works  Ltd. 
Reed-Prentice  Corporation 
Sav-Way  Industries 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 

Jet 

Lake    Erie    Engineering   Corporation 
Lester-Phoenix,  Incorporated 
Many,  J.  &  Co. 

Transfer 

Baldwin   Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Birsdboro  Steel  Foundry  4   Machine 
Defiance   Machine   Works   Div. 

Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Dunning  and  Boschert  Press  Co. 
EIraes  Engineering  Works  of 
American  Steel  Foundries 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Improved    Paper    Machinery    Corp. 
Lake  Erie  Engineering  Corporation 
Lester-Phoenix.  Incorporated 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc, 
Standard  Machinery  Company,  The 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 
Williams,   White  4  Co. 

Raw  Material  Compounding 

Automatic  slicing 
Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co. 
Ball  milling 

Abbe,  Paul  O.,  Inc. 
Albert,   L.  4  Son 
Allis-Chalmers    Manufacturing   Co. 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The 
First   Machinery  Corp. 
International  Engineering,  Inc. 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 


Compression 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Bawden  Machine  Co.  Ltd.,  The 
Birdsboro  Steel   Foundry  4  Machine 

186 


Caking    presses 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 

Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive    Works,    The 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 

Chemical  processing  units 
Blaw-Knox  Company 

Condensers 

Bauman    Rosin    4    Associates 
Crushers 

Abbe  Engineering  Co. 

Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing  Co. 

Divine   Brothers  Co. 

First  Machinery  Corp. 

Jeffrey  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 

Sprout,  Waldron  4  Company 

Cut-offs 

American    Instrument    Company 
Crescent  Machine  Co.,  The 


[Cut-offs   Conf.] 

Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine   Co. 
Peerless  Machine  Company 

Dehydrating   presses 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Baldwin   Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  WorJ<s.  The 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Loomis,   Evarts  G.   Company 
United   Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman    Company,    The 
Wood,  R.  D.  Company 

Densifiers 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 

Disintegrators 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 

First  Machinery  Corp. 

Jeffrey  Manufacturing  Co.,  The 

Mead   4  Company 

Raymond  Pulverizer  Division 

Combustion    Engineering    Co.,    Inc. 
Sprout,  Waldron  4  Company 

Distillation 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Dryers 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Proctor  4  Schwartz,  Inc. 

Evaporators 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Filters 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 


Granulating 
Abbe  Engineering  Co. 
Abbe,  Paul  O.,  Inc. 
Ball  &  Jewell 

Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
First   Machinery   Corp. 
Leominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Sprout,  Waldron  &  Company 


Granule-blending 
Abbe,  Paul  O.  Inc. 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Blaw-Knox  Company 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Porter,  H.  K.,  Company,  Inc. 
Sprout,  Waldron  4  Company 

Heat  exchangers 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
High-speed  hammer  mills 

Allis-Chalmers    Manufacturing   Co. 

First   Machinery  Corp. 

Jeffrey    Manufacturing   Co.,    The 

Mead  4  Company 

Pulverizing  Machinery  Co. 

Raymond  Pulverizer  Division 

Combustion    Engineering    Co.,   Inc. 
Hydraulic  caking  or  block  presses 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Baldwin  Southwark   Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Baumin   Rosin  4  Associates 
Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  4  Machine 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Industrial    Equipment    Company 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.   Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 

Kneading   (roll  machines) 
Baumin  Rosin  4  Associates 
Farrel-Birmingham  Company,  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Struthers   Wells   Corporation 

Milling 
Farrel-Birmingham   Company,    Inc. 

Mixing 

Abbe,   Paul   O.,   Inc. 
Abbe   Engineering    Co. 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 
Bauman    Rosin   4  Associates 
Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co. 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
Day,  J.  H.  Co.,  The 
Divine  Brothers  Co. 
Edge  Moor  Iron  Works  Inc. 
Farrel-Birmingham    Company,    Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp, 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Lupomatic   Tumbling   Machine   Co. 
Porter,  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Read  Machinery  Co.,  Inc. 
Sprout,  Waldron  4  Company 
Struthers  Wells  Corporation 


Ribbon  blenders 
Abbe,  Paul  O.,  Inc. 
Baker  Perkins,  Inc. 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
International    Engineering,    Inc. 
Porter.   H.   K.,  Company,  Inc. 
Read   Machinery  Co.   Inc. 

Roll  mills 
Albert,   L.  &   Son 
Bauman  Rosin  &  Associates 
Erie  Engine  &  Manufacturing  Co. 
Parrel-Birmingham    Company,    Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Porter,  H.  K.,  Company,  Inc. 
Sprout,    Waldron   4   Company 
Stewart  Boiling  4  Company  Inc. 

Sifters 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Day.  J.   H.   Co.,  The 
First    .Machinery   Corp. 
Read  Machinery  Co.  Inc. 


Sprout,  Waldron  4  Company 
Solvent  recovery 

Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Steeping  presses 

French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Tablet  preforming   punches 

liauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
First    Machinery  Corp. 
Kux  Machine  Co. 
Many,  J.  4  Co. 

Vacuum   mixers 
Abbe.   Paul   O.,   Inc. 
Baker  Perkins.  Inc. 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Day,  J.  H.  Co.,  The 
First    Machinery    Corp. 
International  Engineering,  Inc. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Porter.  H.  K.  Company,  Inc. 
Read   Machinery  Co.   Inc. 

Testing  &  Inspection 

Black  light 
Magnaflux  Corporation 
Mico  Instrument  Company 
Photoswitch,  Inc. 

Centrifuge 
Sharpies  Corporation,  The 

Gage  block,  accessories 
Ford   Motor  Company 

Insulation 
Superior  Instruments  Co. 

Lens  curve  generators 
Felker  Manufacturing  Company 

Magnifiers 
Stanley  Electric  Tools 

Porosity-determine   devices 
American    Instrument    Company 
Cambridge    Instrument    Co.,    Inc. 
Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Thwing-Albert    Instrument    Company 

Plastometer 
Scott,  Henry  L.   Co. 

Tensile  strength 
Scott,  Henry  L.  Co. 

Visual  inspection 
Eastern    Machine    Screw    Corporation 

Voltmeters 
Superior  Instruments  Co. 

X-ray  inspection 
Laboratory  Specialties,   Inc. 
Picker  X-ray  Corporation 
Saxl   Instrument   Co. 

TESTING  EQUIPMENT 
Britfleness 

Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 
Photoswitch,   Inc. 
Saxl   Instrument  Co. 

Compressive  strength 

Achorn   Steel   Company 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive    Works,    The 
Chatillon,  John,  &  Sons 
Dillon,  W.  C.  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Hanchett  Mfg.  Co. 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 
Reimuller   Bros.   Co. 
Watson-Stillman    Company,    The 


Conductivity 


PLASTICS 


American    Instrument   Company 
Hart    Moisture    Gauges,    Inc. 
Shallcross  Mfg.  Company 


MARCH  1945 


•     PROPHECIES  IN  PLASTICS.     ..MASS          PRODUCTION 

MASS    PRODUCTION     FOR    THE 


ITE  MEN 

OF   "DOWN    UNDER" 


When  Australia  was  threatened  by  inva- 
sion, she  direly  needed  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  automatic  rifles  with  which  to  arm  her 
civilians.  Spreading  Jap  tentacles  made  it 
imperative  that  these  much-needed  weapons 
be  manufactured  right  in  Australia. 

A  prompt  solution  to  the  problem  was  pro- 
vided by  the  deadly,  rapid-fire  rifle  pictured 
here.  Reed-Prentice  machines  made  possible 
the  mass  production  of  plastic  parts  for  the 
huge  quantities  of  weapons  required. 


7 


Reed-Prentice  "Engineered  Service"  already 
is  helping  manufacturers  solve  their  plastic 
production  problems  of  tomorrow.  A  com- 
plete analysis  of  plastic  possibilities  in  your 
business  gladly  will  be  furnished  by  Reed- 
Prentice  experts.  This  comprehensive  service 
is  supplemented  by  plastic  mold  design  and 
manufacture  .  .  .  and  is  augmented  further  by 
the  largest  selling  line  of  plastic  molding  ma- 
chines in  America.  Write  for  details  concern- 
ing Reed-Prentice  Engineered  Service  today. 


B 


H 


REED-PRENTICE  CORP 


(a)  Mogoline  holder 

(b)  Barrel  and  receiver 

(c)  Main   tpring   theatht 

(d)  Bolt  and   firing    pin 

(e)  Frame 

(I)   Mogoiine 
(g)  Bayonet 
(h)  Scabbard 


WORCESTER 


MASS,  U.S.A. 


MARCH  194r> 


r,t      Ni-w  YorV.  N    Y.    '^•^— ^"^    CLEvELAND  OFFICE  •    1213  W.  3rd  St..  Cleveland.  O. 

PLASTICS  187 


Density 
Hanchett  Mfg.  Co. 

Distortion 

Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 

Elasticity 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Saxl  Instrument  Company 

Electrical 

American  Instrument  Company 
Cambridge  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Saxl   Instrument  Co. 

Flexural  strength 
American  Instrument  Company 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive  Works,  The 
Dillon,   W.   C.   4  Co.,   Inc. 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Saxl  Instrument  Company 
Thwing-Albert    Instrument    Company 

Flow  properties 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 

Fluorescent  penetrant 
Magnuflux  Corporation 

Gages 

Woodworth,  N.  A.  &  Co. 
Hardness  testers 
Ferner,  R.  Y.  Co.,  The 
Rockwell  hardness 

Impact  strength 

American  Instrument  Company 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin    Locomotive    Works,    The 
Hanchett   Mfg.   Co. 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 
Saxl  Instrument  Company 

Optical  refraction 
American  Instrument  Company 

Rockwell  hardness 
Achorn  Steel  Company 
Aircraft  Tools,  Incorporated 
American  Instrument  Company 
Fortney  Mfg.  Company 
Saxl   Instrument  Co. 
Wilson  Mechanical  Instrument  Co. 

Shear  strength 
Hanchett  Mfg.  Co. 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 

Stiffness 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 

Stress-strain 
Olsen,  Tinius,  Testing  Machine  Co. 

Tensile  strength 
Achorn  Steel  Company 
Baldwin   Southwark   Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive   Works,   The 
Cambridge  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Chatillon,  John  &  Sons 
Dillon,  W.  C.  4  Co..  Inc. 
Olsen.  Tinius,   Testing  Machine  Co. 
Reimuller  Bros.  Co. 
Saxl  Instrument  Company 
Thwing-Albert    Instrument    Company 

Torsional    damping    recorder 
Cambridge  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 

Water  absorption 
American  Instrument  Company 

MISCELLANEOUS 

Air  conditioning 

American  Blower  Corporation 

Bendix   Aviation   Corp. 

Buffalo  Forge  Co. 

Carrier  Corporation 

Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery   Div. 

Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 

Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Sturtevant,  B.  F.,  Co. 
Surface  Combustion 
Vilter  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Corp. 

Air  heaters 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 
Air  velocity  measuring  instrument 
Illinois  Testing   Laboratories,   Inc. 

Arbor  presses 

Acromark  Company,  The 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 

Autoparts  Tractor  4  Machine  Co. 

Birdsboro  Steel  Foundry  4  Machine 

Co. 

Champion  Blower  4  Forge  Co. 
Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Famco  Machine  Company 


[Arbor  presses  ConJJ 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
Greenerd  Arbor  Press  Company 
Lyon-Raymond   Corporation 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Reimuller  Bros.   Co. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 

Assembling,  dismantling  tools 
Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Reinhold,   F.   E.    Mfg. 

Assembly  presses 
Denison  Engineering  Company,  The 

Bases 

Foote   Bros.   Gear  and   Machine 
Corporation 

Boilers 

Babcock  4   Wilcox  Co. 
Eclipse  Fuel  &  Eng.  Co. 

Burring 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 

Calendering 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Adamson  United  Company 
Bauman  Rosin  4  Associates 
Erie  Engine  4  Manufacturing 

Company 

Parrel-Birmingham  Company,  Inc. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Stewart  Boiling  4  Company   Inc. 

Cementing  fixtures 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
General   Binding  Corp. 

Clamps 

Adjustable  Clamp  Co. 
Cincinnati  Tool  Company,  The 
Detroit  Stamping  Company 

Clip  and  self-tapping  devices 

for  assembling 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Tinnerman    Products,    Inc. 

Compressors 
Curtis   Pneumatic   Machinery    Div. 

Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 
Nash  Engineering  Company 
Pennsylvania  Pump  4  Compressor 

Company 

U.  S.  Air  Compressor  Co.,  The 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Corp. 

Condensing   units 
Brunner    Manufacturing   Company 

Controls 

Racine  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 
Photoswitch,   Inc. 
Phila.  Gear  Works 
Weltronic  Company 

Conveyor  equipment 
Denison  Engineering  Co.,  The 
Detrex  Corporation 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
General   Binding  Corporation 


Harvey  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Infra-Red  Engineers  4  De 
Jeffrey  Manufacturing  Co., 
Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 


esigner 
,  The 


.       ., 
Manhattan  Rubber  Mfg.  Division 

Raybestos  Manhattan,  Inc. 
Paasche  Airbrush  Co. 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 
United   Steel   Corporation   Limited 
Waldron,  John   Corporation 

Coolers 
Jeffrey  Mfg.  Co. 

Countersinking 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
Chicago-Latrobe   Twist   Drill  Works 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Severance  Tool  Industries,  Inc. 

Curing  ovens 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 

Dehumidlfying 
Surface  Combustion 
Dies 

Acromark  Company,  The 
Bay  State  Tap  and  Die  Company 
Greenfield  Tap  &  Die  Corp. 
Morse  Twist  Drill  4  Machine  Co. 
Rickert-Shafer  Co. 
Verson  Allsteel  Press  Co. 
Winter    Bros.    Co. 

Dies,  cutting 
Accurate  Steel  Rule  Die  Mfr's. 

Diesel  engines 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Corp. 
Swenson  Evaporator  Company 

Dryers 

Barrett,  Leon  J.  Company 
Coe  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
leffrey  Mfg.  Co. 
Kux  Machine  Co. 
Ross,  J.  O.  Engr.  Corp. 


[Dryers  Conf.l 

Swenson  Evaporator  Company 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Dust-collectors 
American  Air  Filter  Co.,  Inc. 
American   Blower   Corporation 
American  Foundry  Equipment  Co. 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Champion    Blower   4   Forge   Co. 
First  Machinery  Corp. 
Lea  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Leiman    Bros.,    Inc. 
Lupomatic    Tumbling    Machine    Co., 

Inc. 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Sprout,   Waldron   4   Company 
Standard  Electrical  Tool  Co.,  The 
Sturtevant,  B.  F.,  Co. 
Whiting   Corporation 
Young  4  Bertke  Co. 

Dust  control  systems 
Young  4  Bertke  Co. 

Evaporators 

Swenson  Evaporator  Company 

Exhaust  equipment 
DeVilbiss  Company,  The 

Fabric  permeameter 
Cambridge   Instrument  Co.,   Inc. 

Fans 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 

Feedwater  heaters 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

filing 
Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 

Fire  extinguisher 
C-O-Two  Fire  Equipment  Company 
Pyrene    Manufacturing   Company 

fittings 
Bastian-Blessing  Company,  The 

Fume   removal  systems 
Young  4  Bertke  Co. 

Furnaces,  portable 
Unique  Mfg.   Co.,  Inc. 

Gages 

Greenfield  Tap  4  Die  Corp. 
Phila.  Gear  Works,  Inc. 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Saxl  Instrument  Co. 

Gas  regulators 
Modern  Engineering  Co.,  Inc. 

Gears 

Foote  Bros.  Gear  and  Machine 
Michigan  Toot  Company 
U.  S.  Electric  Motors,  Inc. 

Grinding  wheels 
Eagle  Grinding  Wheel  Co. 

Heating   system   specialties 
Sarco  Company,   Inc. 

High-frequency  welding 

Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing 

Company 

Girdler  Corporation,  The 
Illinois  Tool  Works 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Northwest  Syndicate.  Inc. 
Radio  Receptor  Company,  Inc. 

Hole  punching  units 
\Vales-Strippit  Corporation 
Hot  plates 

Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Biggs  Boiler  World  Co.,  The 
Dorr  Patterson  Engr.  Co. 
Elmes   Engineering  Works  of 

American   Steel  Foundries 
Francis,  Chas.  E.  Co. 
French  Oil  Well  Machinery  Company 
General   Binding  Corporation 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Industrial   Equipment  Company 
Infra-Red  Engineers  4  Designers 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 
Merritt   Engineering  and    Sales  Co., 

Inc. 

Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Standard    Tool    Co. 
Stewart  Boiling  4  Company  Inc. 
Trent,   Harold  E.,  Company 
United  Steel  Corporation  Limited 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 

Hydraulic  power  units 

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 

Infra-red  ray  drying  equipment 

North  American  Electric  Lamp 

Company 
Fostoria    Pressed    Steel    Corporation 

Kettles 

Biggs  Boiler  Wrks.  Co. 
Cooper,  D.  C.  Co. 


Lubricating  equipment 
U.  S.  Air  Compressor  Co.,  The 
Machine  converter 
Magnetic  separators 
Eriez  Mfg.  Co. 

Marking   machines 
Kingsley  Stamping  Machine 

Material  handling  equipment 
Automatic  Transportation  Co. 
Bak«r-Ravlang   Company.   The 
Beebe  Bros.,  Incorporated 
Clark  Tructractor 
Curtis  Pneumatic  Machinery  Div. 

Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 

Elwdl-Parker  Electric  Company 
Jeffrey  Mfg.  Co. 
Mack  Sales  Company 
Reading  Chain  4  Block.  Corp. 
Spencer  4   Morris 
Standard  Conveyor  Company 
Towmotor  Corporation 
Yale  4  Towne  Mfg.  Co..  The 
Young  Bros.  Co. 

Measuring  devices 
Bailey  Meter  Company 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Lufkin  Rule  Co.,  The 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Thwing-Albert    Instrument   Company 

Meters  and  controllers 
Bailey  Meter  Company 

Moisture  Indicators 
Cambridge    Instrument   Co.,    Inc. 

Motors,  pneumatic 
Onsrud  Machine  Works,   Inc. 
Rodgers  Hydraulic,  Inc. 

Oxy-acetylene   welding 
equipment  and  accessories 
Bastian-Blessing  Company,  The 
Dockson  Corp. 
Harris    Calorific    Company 
Linde  Air  Products  Company,  The 
Milburn,  Alexander  Co.,  The 
Modern  Engineering  Co.,  Inc. 

Polishing  press  plates 
Baldwin  Southwark  Division 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Cavagnaro,  John  J. 
Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Jackson  Buff  Corporation 
Loomis,   Evarts  G.   Company 
Watson-Stillman  Company,  The 

Power-driver  for  screws 

Independent  Pneumatic  Tool 
Haffling.  E.  V.,  Company 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Pressure  vessels 
Verson  Allsteel  Press  Co. 
Press  brakes 
Babcock  4  Wilcox  Co.,  The 

Pumps 

Aldrich  Pump  Company,  The 
American  Engineering  Co. 
American-Marsh  Pumps,  Inc. 
Buffalo  Forge  Co. 
Dunning  and  Boschert  Press  Co. 
Nash  Engineering  Company 
New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 
Oilgear  Company,  The 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Pyrometers 

Cambridge  Instrument  Co.,  Inc. 
Engelhard,  Charles,  Inc. 
Portable   Products  Corporation 
Pyrometer  Instrument  Co.,  The 

Refrigeration 

Carrier  Corporation 
Frostrode  Products 
Wilter  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Rivet  setting 
Milford  Rivet  4  Machine  Co. 

Safety  equipment 
Dockson  Corp. 

Scarfing 

Onsrud  Machine  Works,  Inc. 
Scrap  grinding 

Adamson  United  Company 
Albert,  L.  4  Son 
Ball  4  Jewell 

Bauman   Rosin   4  Associates 
Cumberland    Engineering   Co. 
I^eominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 
Mead  4  Company 
Pulverizing  Machinery  Co. 
Sprout,   Waldron  4  Company 

Screw  drivers,  flexible 
Miller,   L.   B.  Co. 


188 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS? 


WE  ARE  JUST  LITTLE  FELLOWS, 
BUT  WE  HAVE  A  WHALE  OF  A  LOT  OF 

EXPERIENCE 

(25    YEARS) 

People  in  the  know  tell  us  we  have  it  yet — still  developing  machines 
the  most  efficient  plant  in  the  in-  and  methods  to  produce  plastics 
dustry — we  are  not  satisfied  with  in  a  better  way. 

MICHIGAN  MOLDED  PLASTICS,  INC. 

DEXTER,    MICHIGAN 


DETROIT.  MICHIGAN 
6432  Can  Ave. 
Phone  Madison  6300 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

250  DeUwar. 

Phone   Lafayette   8070 


SALES  OFFICES 

LOS  ANGELES.  CALIF. 

3429  Glendale 

Phone  Normandy  2-31 1 1 

DAYTON,  OHIO 
607  American  State 
Phone  Fulton  6310 


MOLINE,  ILL. 

225  Fifth  Ave.  B-109 

Phone   1493 

KANSAS  CITY.  MO. 
1016  Porter  Bldg. 
Valentine  1300 


ALL  TYPES  OF  PLASTICS  BY  ALL  MODERN  METHODS 


MARCH  1945 


I'LASTICS 


Screw  extractors 
Chicago-Latrobe  Twist  Drill  Works 

Screw  machines 
American  Screw  Company 

Socket  sets,  flexible 
Chicago-Latrobe    Twist    Drill    Works 

Socket  set,   flexible 
Miller,  L.  B.  Co. 

Speed  reducers 
Foote  Bros.  Gear  and  Machine 

Steam  tables,  electric 
Standard  Tool  Co. 

Steam  turbines 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Tanks 

Aeroil  Burner  Company,  Inc. 
Buffalo  Tank  Corporation 
Lammert  and  Mann  Co. 

Tools,    Misc.   and    Special 

Imperial  Brass  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Precise  Products  Company 
Vascoloy-Ramet  Corporation 
Wickman,   A.    C.    (Canada)    Limited 

Thermocouples 
Engelhard.  Charles.  Inc. 

Timing  devices 

Cramer,  R.  W.  Company.  Inc.,  The 
Eagle  Signal  Corp. 
Photoswitch.   Inc. 
Portable  Products  Corporation 
Weltronic  Company 

Tools 

Aircraft  Screw  Products  Company 
Aro   Equipment   Corporation.  The 
Bicknell-Thomas  Co. 
Criterion  Machine  Works 
Genesee  Tool  Company 
Invincible  Tool  Co. 
Michigan  Tool  Company 
Plomb  Tool  Company 
Scully-Jones  4  Company 
Severance  Tool  Industries.  Inc. 

Torches 

Aeroil  Burner  Company,  Inc. 
Harris  Calorific  Company 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Remhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Unique  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Torque  wrenches 
Apco  Mossberg  Company 

Tumbling 
Minn.  Mining  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Valves 

Bastian-Blessing   Company.   The 

J.ogansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc 

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 

Vises 

Covel  Mfg.  Co. 

Tietzmann  Engineering  Company 

Washers 
Barrett,  Leon  J.  Company 

Water  purification  eqpt. 
Worthington  Pump  4  Machinery 

Weighing  devices 
Albert.  L.  4  Son 
Chatillon,   John.   It   Sons 
Exact  Weight  Scale  Co.,  The 
Howe  Scale  Company,  The 
Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 
Icffrev  Mfe.  Co 
Lufkin  Rule  Co  .  The 
Reinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg 
Yale  It  Towne  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Wheeled  conveyor  tractor 
Elwell-Parker  Electric  Company,  The 

Woodworking  machinery 
Buss  Machine  Works 

Wrenches 
Billings  *  Spencer  Company,  The 


Molds,  Dies 

Ace  Tool  4  Manufacturing  Company 

Ajaz-Doret  Metal  Products  Limited 

Allied    Products   Corporation 

Art  Plastic  Company 

Artag  Engineering  Works 

Austin  Tool  4  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Autoparts  Tractor  4   Machinery   Co. 

Bates,  P.  D.  Co.  Limited 

Berger  Machine  4  Tool  Company 

Berry  Tool  4  Machine  Company 

Beryllium  Corporation  of  Penn. 

Brockton  Tool  Company 

Chicago  Impression  Die  4  Mfg.  Co. 

Columbia  Engineering  Co. 

Cook,   Lawrence   H.,   Inc 

Cote  4  Lambert 

Dayton  Mold  Co.,  The 

Dickten  4  Masch   Mfg.  Co. 

Diecraft 

Doerier.  L.  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 

190 


[Molds.  Dies  Cont.l 

Dot-Lee  Tool  &  Ensincering  Co. 

Engineering  Specialties  Corporation 

Fray  Machine  Tool  Co. 

Great  Lakes  Plastics 

Gries  Reproducer  Corp. 

H-B  Machine  4  Tool  Company 

Harvey,  Guy   P. 

Holm's  Manufacturing  Company 

Hopp  Press,  Inc. 

Impression  Die  Company 

Lance  Mfg.  Co. 

Lansky  Die  Cutting  Cn. 

Leominster  Tool  Co.,  Inc. 

Lester  Engineering  Company 

Manning,  Don  4  Co. 

Midland  Die  &  Engraving  Company 

Modern  Tool  Works  Limited 

National   Lock  Co. 

Newark  Die  Company,  The 

Nu-Engineerine  Company 

Odel  Tool  4  Die  Co. 

Ottawa  Car  4  Aircraft  Co. 

Pal   Tool   Co. 

Paramount  Die  Mold  Co. 

Parker  Stamp  Works,  Inc..  The 

Peerless  Engineering  Limited 

Pioneer  Mold  Co. 

Plastic  Mold  4  Die  Company 

Plastics  Plating  Ltd. 

Precision    Mold   Co.,    Inc. 

Printloid.    Inc. 

Quality  Die  4  Mould  Company 

Roberts.  F.  W.  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 

Royal  Tool  Co. 

Rudolph  Novelty  Co. 

Santay   Corporation 

Schoder  4  Lombard   Stamp  &   Die 

Sievering,  Philip,  Inc. 

Slater,  N.  G.,  Corp. 

Sossner  Steel  Stamps 

Special  Tool  4  Machine  Co. 

Standard  Tool  Co. 

Steinen,  Wm.  Mfg.  Co. 

Sterling  Industries 

Stricker-Brunhuber  Company 

Terkelsen  Machine  Company 

Tilp    J.  G.,  Inc. 

Tuck,  A.  J.  Co. 

Una-Craft   Engineering  Corporation 

Uptown  Tool  Works,  Inc. 

Vascoloy-Ramet    Corporation 

Verson  Allsteel  Press  Co. 

Victor  Tool  4  Machine  Corp. 

Walker  Chemiplast  Corp. 

Wayne  Plastic  Products 

Windsor  Tool  4  Die  Limited 

Molders 


CASTING 

Art   Plastic  Company 

Beaman  Molded  Products  Co. 

Celluplastic   Corporation 

Crosley  Marine 

Haveg  Corporation 

King    Plastics   Corporation 

Levien,  Ned  G.  Company 

Mill-O-PIast    Company 

Multi-Plastics 

New  Plastic  Corporation 

Paraplastics.    Inc. 

Southern  Plastics  Company 

Stokes.   A.   Company 

U.  S.   Stoneware  Co.,  The 

COLD 

American  Insulator  Corporation 

Canadian    General    Electric   Co.    Ltd. 

Cutler-Hammer,  Inc. 

C,arfield   Manufacturing  Company 

General   Electric  Co. 

Multi  Plastics,  Plastics  Div. 

Plastic  Molding  Corporation 

COMPRESSION 

A.  C.  Rubber  Manufacturing  Co.  Ltd. 

A.  J.  4  K.  Company 

Acadia    Synthetic    Products   Division 

Western  Felt  Works 
Accurate  Molding  Corporation 
Ackerman  Plastic  Molding 
Alan,  Richard  Button  Company 
Alden  Products  Company 
All  American  Aircraft  Products,  Inc. 
All  Metal  Screw  Products  Co. 
Allanson  Armature  Mfg.  Co.  Ltd. 
American  Brakeblok  Division 

American  Brake  Shoe  Company 
American  Extruded  Products  Co. 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
American  Insulator  Corporation 
American   Molding  Co. 
American  Phenolic  Corporation 
American    Plastics    Mfg.    Co. 
American  Viscose  Corp. 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Armstrong   Turk  Company 
Art  Plastic  Company 
Art  Plastics  Co. 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Automatic  Plastic  Molding  Company 
Ballard  Plastics  Corp. 
Barber    Colman    Co. 
Barnes,  Ralph  Moulded  Plastics 


[Compression  Cont.l 

Beaman  Molded  Products  Co. 

Boonton  Molding  Co. 

Breyer   Molding  Company 

Brilhart,  Arnold  Ltd. 

Bryant  Electric  Company,  The 

Butterfield,  T.  F.,  Inc., 

Button  Corporation  of  America 

C.  M.  Plastic  Molding  Co. 

California   Plastic    Moulding   Co. 

Canadian   General    Electric   Co.    Ltd. 

Canadian  Westinghouse  Co.  Ltd. 

Capac    Manufacturing   Company 

Century   Plastics  Corporation 

Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg.  Co. 

Chicago  Molded  Products  Corporation 

Chicago  Plastic  Mfg.  Co. 

Church,   C.   F.   Mfg.  Co. 

Cinch    Manufacturing   Corporation 

Cincinnati   Advertising   Products   Co. 

Cincinnati   Molding  Co. 

Cleveland  Plastics,  Inc. 

Colt's  Patent  Fire  Arms  Mfg.  Co. 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 

Commercial   Plastics  Co. 

Compression  Molding  Co.  of  St.  Louis 

Consolidated  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 

Continental  Can  Company,  Inc. 

Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Co. 

Coracy  Plastics   Products 

Davjes,  Harry  Molding  Company 

Davis,  Joseph  Plastics  Co. 

Dickten  4  Masch  Mfg.  Co. 

Diemolding   Corporation 

Die-Plast  Company  Limited 

Dimco  Plastics 

Dominion  Plastics  Limited 

Duplate   Canada   Limited 

Duramold  Plastics 

F.agle   Plastics  Corp. 

Eastern  Plastic  Products  Corporation 

Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Company 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The 

Electrofonning  Company 

Electronic  Mechanics.  Inc. 

Evans-Winter-Hebb,  Inc. 

Eyelo  Mfg.   Co. 

Firestone  Industrial  Products  Co. 

Frank,  Aug.  C.  Co. 

Garfield   Manufacturing  Company 

General  Electric  Co..  Plastics  Div. 

General  Industries  Company,  The 

General  Molded  Products,  Inc. 

General    Plastics    Corporation 

General  Products  Corp. 

Gerber  Plastic  Company 

Gibbs  Manufacturing 

Glade  Mfg.  Co. 

Gleich,  Emanuel  D. 

Globe   Molded   Plastics 

Goodrich,  B.  F.  Co.,  Koroseal  Div. 

Grayhill 

Great  Lakes  Plastics 

Grigoleit  Company,  The 

Gulliksen,  Wm.  M.  Mfg.  Co. 

Haas  Company.   The 

Hale  Brothers  Limited 

Haveg  Corporation 

Hawley  Products  Company 

Hood  Rubber  Company 

Hoosick   Engineering  Company 

Howard  Plastics,   Inc. 

Hychex  Products 

II yd repack 

Illini    Molded   Plastics 

Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 

Industrial  Molded  Products  Company 

Ingersoll    Plastics  Co. 

Ingwersen   Manufac  turing  Company 

Inland  Mfg.  Div..  Gen.  Mot.  Corp. 

Insulation  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Insulation    Products    Company 

International  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Tamison.   H. 

Kasin,    V.    A.    Molded    Products 

KelloKg   Switchboard   4   Supply 

Kenilworth  Plastics  Molding  Co. 

Kerr,   R.   W.    Co. 

Keystone  Plastic  Engineering  Co. 

Keystone  Specialty  Co. 

Kilgore   Mfg.  Company,  The 

King  Plastics  Corporation 

Roller    Craft    Plastic    Products,    Inc. 

Kuhn  4  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 

Kurz-Kasch,  Inc. 

Levien,  Ned  G.  Company 

Lindenhurst   Mfg.   Co. 

Mack  Molding  Ltd. 

Maico  Company,  Incorporated,  The 

Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 

Marks  Products  Co.,  Inc. 

Martindell   Molding  Co. 

Mayfair  Molded  Products  Corp. 

Meissner  Manufacturing  Co. 

Micamold  Radio  Corporation 

Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Midwest  Molding  4  Mfg.  Co. 

Mill-O-Plast  Comnany 

Minneapolis  Plastic   Molders,   Inc. 

Mitchell  Button  Co.  Limited,  The 

Modern   Plastic  Co. 

Modern   Plastics  Corporation 

Molded  Products  Co. 

Molding  Corporation  of  America,  Inc. 

Morrell,  George  Corporation 

Moulded  Plastic  Specialties  Reg'd 

Moulded  Products  Co. 

Multi-Plastics 

Multi-Products  Tool  Co. 

National  Lock  Co. 


I'L.\STI<  S 


[Compression  Conf.l 

National   Fabricated   Products 

National  Plastics,  Inc. 

National  Tool  &  Manufacturing  Co. 

Neo  Plastics  Prod.  Co. 

New   Plastic   Corporation 

Niagara  Insul  Bake  Specialty  Co. 

Northeastern  Molding  Co. 

Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 

Northwest  Plastics,  Inc. 

Norton    Laboratories,   Inc. 

Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 

Pacific    Plastic   Prod.    Co. 

Peerless  Moulded,  Inc. 

Perfection   Plastic  Products 

Pittsburgh  Plastics  Company 

Piano   Molding   Company 

Plas-Tex  Corporation 

Plastic  Appliance  Co. 

Plastics   Engineering   Co. 

Plastic  &  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 

Plastic  Mfg.  Co.  of  California 

Plastic  Molding  Corporation 

Plastic  Products,  Inc. 

Plastic    Research    Products    Labs. 

Plastic   It   Rubber   Products   Co. 

Plastics,  Inc. 

Plastimold,   Inc. 

Polaroy    Company 

Potter  &   Brumfield   Mfg.  Co.,    Inc. 

RCA  Victor  Division 

Radio  Corporation   of   America 

Prolon  Plastics 

Rainbow  Plastic  Limited 

Rathbun  Molding  Corporation 

Raymond  Laboratories,   Inc. 

Recto  Molded  Products,  Inc. 

Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Reinhold  Geiger    Plastics 

Rcmler  Company,  Ltd. 

Resistoflex   Corporation 

Richardson  Company,  The 

Ritter  Company,  Inc. 

Robb,    Joseph    &    Company    Limited 

Roger  Mfg.  Co. 

Rogers,  V:  F. 

Royal  Moulding  Company 

Scott,  Geo.  S.  Mfg.  Co. 

Shaw  Insulator  Co. 

Shelter  Mfg.  Corp. 

Silex  Company,  The 

Slater,  N.  G.,  Corp. 

Snow-Craggs    Corp. 

Smith   It   Stone   Limited 

Southern  Plastics  Company 

Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 
Square  'D'  Co. 
Standard   Products  Co.,  The 
Stimson  'AGA'  Plastics 
Stokes,  Joseph  Rubber  Company 
Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 
Taylor   Manufacturing  Company 
Ther  Electric  4  Machine  Works 
Trans-Mafic   Plastics  Co. 
Trenton  Plastic  4  Metals  Co. 
Trimm,  Inc. 

Tri-United   Plastics   Corporation 
U.  S.  Stoneware  Co.,  The 
Union  Insulating  Co. 
Universal  Button  Fastening  and 

Button  Company  of  Canada  Ltd. 
Universal    Plastics   Corporation 
Van  Norman  Molding  Co. 
Victor  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 
Walter,  John  4  Sons  Limited 
Wahl  Clipper  Corporation 
Warren   Plastics  Corporation 
Waterbury  Companies 
Watertown    Manufacturing    Company 
Weatherhead  Co. 
Wheeling   Stamping  Company 
White.  S.  S.  Dental  Mfg.  Co. 
White,  Thos.  J.  Plastics  Co. 
Wilcox  Plastics  Molding  Co. 
Windham  Brothers 
Wirz.  A.  H.,  Inc. 
Woodruff  Company,  The 
Wayne  Plastic  Products 
Yardley  Plastics  Company 
Zollinger,  Albert 

EXTRUSION 

Acadia    Synthetic    Products    Division 

Western  Felt  Works 
Allied   Plastics  Company 
American  Extruded  Products  Co 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
American  Molding  Co. 
American  Phenolic  Corporation 
Anchor  Plastics  Company 
Ardee  Plastics  Company,  Inc. 
Associated  Plastics  (N.Y.) 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Barwood   Products  Company 
Beck,  I.  4  Sons,  Inc. 
Ben  Hur  Products,  Inc. 
Belden  Manufacturing  Company 
Berkander,  George  F.,  Inc. 
Blake  Plastic  Manufacturing   Co. 
Blum,  Julius  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Brand,  William  &  Company 
Buchsbaum,    S.    &   Co. 
Campbell,  A.  S.  4  Co.,  Inc. 
Carter  Products  Corporation 
Celluplastic  Corporation 
(Continued  on  page   1951 

MARCH  1945 


THERE'S    NO    BETTER 


1.  Molded  plastics 
number  wheels  in  Produc- 
tion Instrument  Co.'s  count- 
ers are  85%  lighter  than  metal 


in  hand  in  the  plastics  case 
of  the  Fee  and  Stemwedel 
"Airguide". 


6.  Lighter  weight  and  greater 
safety  make  molded  plastics 
ideal  for  portable  tool 
housings.  The  Precise  35 
Grinder. 


2.  Accurate  molding  of  com- 
plex forms  is  illustrated  in 
this  Evinrude  Throttle  Valve. 


3.  The  insulating  properties 
and  light  weight  of  molded 
plastics  make  them  favored 
for  household  appliances. 
The  Sunbeam  Ironmaster. 


7.  The  modern  washing  mach- 
ine agitator  of  molded  plas- 
tics .  .  pioneered  by  CM  PC. 


8.  Size  and  accuracy  are  com- 
bined in  this  2 1*  wheel  forthe 
Cardineer  Record  System. 


4. The  handsome,  compact 
radio  cabinet  is  another  of 
the  familiar  plastics  applica- 
tions pioneered  by  CMPC. 


9.  The  beauty  of  molded  plastics 
lends  powerful  eye  appeal  to 
this  Hammond  clock. 


Beauty  and  precision  go  hand 


YARDSTICK  THAN 


WITH  WHICH  TO  MEASURE 

YOUR 


Looking  back  over  the  past  twenty-five  years  .  .  .  scanning  the  long  list 
of  molded  plastic  jobs  produced  by  CMPC  .  .  .  you'll  find  the  ordinary 
jobs  and  the  unusual  ones  .  .  .  the  easy  and  the  difficult.  Many  of  them 
were  "firsts"  .  .  .  things  that  had  never  been  attempted  before  .  .  .  re- 
quiring ingenuity  and  experimentation,  as  well  as  the  development  of 
new  methods  and  new  techniques.  Many  are  war  jobs  with  specifica- 
tions calling  for  exceptional  strength  and  endurance,  close  tolerances, 
and  high  production  speed.  But  throughout  this  long  list  you'll  find  a 
consistent  record  of  successful  completion  and  customer  satisfaction. 

This  background  of  competence  is  of  extreme  importance  to  you  as 
a  buyer  of  molded  plastics  for  it  illustrates  the  ability  of  CMPC  to  take 
full  responsibility  for  the  design,  engineering,  and  production  of  your 
molded  plastic  part  or  product  .  .  .  and  to  mesh  deliveries  with  your 
own  production  schedules. 

Here  at  CMPC,  in  the  largest  and  best  equipped  custom  molding 
plant  in  the  Middle  West,  are  men  who  know  materials  .  .  .  how  they 
will  react  under  certain  conditions  .  .  .  their  peculiarities  and  charac- 
teristics. There  are  designers  and  engineers,  who  think  in  terms  of 
practical,  economical  moldability  without  for  a  moment  losing  sight 
of  utility  and  eye-appeal  .  .  .  men  whose  ingenuity  is  often  responsible 
for  remarkable  savings.  There  are  men  whose  lifetime  has  been  spent 
in  the  design  and  building  of  molds  .  .  .  master  craftsmen  whose  goal 
is  perfection. 

And  so  on  down  the  line  through  molding,  finishing,  and  inspection 
.  .  .  CMPC  men  are  specialists,  each  in  his  own  line  of  endeavor  .  .  . 
and  the  activities  of  all  are  coordinated  under  a  management  who,  for 
more  than  a  quarter  century,  have  been  recognized  authorities  on 
plastic  molds  and  molding. 

These  are  the  things  which  CMPC  offers  to  you  as  a  buyer  of  molded 
plastics.  They  are  the  things  you  should  look  for  no  matter  whom  you 
select  to  produce  your  molded  plastic  part. 

CHICAGO      MOLDED      PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


1025  N.  Kolmar  Ave. 


Chicago  51,  Illinois 


Office,  in  Principal  Indutlriol  Center. 
COMPRESSION,   INJECTION,   AND    TRANSFER    MOLDING    OP    All    PLASTIC    MATERIALS 


ENGINEERING 


DESIGNING 


MOLDMAKING 


MOLDING 


FINISHING 


business  of  producing  parts  or  whole  products  from 
molded  plastics  materials  has  come  a  long  way  during  the  past  twenty-five  years.  Yet,  like 
many  other  industries,  even  more  remarkable  advances  have  been  made  under  pressure  of 
wartime  demands.  New  materials,  new  methods,  new  techniques  have  been  developed.  We 
at  CMPC  are  familiar  with  these  developments.  We've  had  an  actual  hand  in  many  of  them. 
And  in  our  own  plant,  improvements  of  equal  importance  have  been  made  to  provide  the 
most  advanced  methods  of  production.  Here  you'll  find  more  than  a  hundred  presses  in  a 
complete  range  of  types  and  sizes  for  handling  compression,  injection  and  transfer  molding. 
Electronic  pre-heating  equipment  has  been  installed  for  the  more  efficient  handling  of  certain 
types  of  work.  Our  mold-making  department  .  .  .  recognized  as  one  of  the  finest  in  the  in- 
dustry ...  is  equipped  with  the  newest  precision  machinery.  And,  though  priorities  may  not 
permit  immediate  production,  these  new  materials  and  methods  can  be  incorporated  in  the 
design  of  the  product  you  are  planning  for  tomorrow. 

That's  why  we  suggest  that  you  call  in  a  CMPC  Development  Engineer  during  the  early 
stages  of  your  planning.  He  knows  materials  and  methods.  He'll  tell  you  about  the  new 
developments,  and  work  closely  with  your  own  engineers  and  designers  .  .  .  give  them  the 
benefit  of  his  broad  experience  ...  to  insure  practical,  economical  moldability  of  your 
plastic  part. 

The  future  begins  today.  Those  who  get  their  ideas  on  paper  now  .  .  .  who  have  their  de- 
signing and  engineering  completed  and  ready  for  production  .  .  .  will  be  the  first  to  reach 
tomorrow's  markets.  So  ...  why  not  ask  for  the  services  of  a  CMPC  Development  Engineer? 
Your  request  incurs  no  obligation. 


[f  itrui.on  Cont.   from  p?.    ItO] 

Colt's  Patent  Fire  Armi  Mfg.  Co. 

Commercial  Plastics  Co. 

Continental   Can  Company,   Inc. 

Coy   Mfg.  Co. 

Davit.  Joseph  Plastics  Co. 

Detroit   Macoid  Corporation 

Die  Plast  Company  Limited 

Dunlop  Tire  and   Rubber  Goods  Co. 

Duplate  Canada  Limited 

Elect  reforming    Company 

Erie  Resistor  Corporation 

Evelo  Mfg.  Co. 

Extruded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Firestone    Industrial    Product!   Co. 

Foster  Grant  Co..  Inc. 

Gemloid  Corporation 

General   Electric  ('"..   Plastics  Div. 

Goodrich,  B.  F.,  Koroseal  Div. 

Great    Lakes  Plastics 

Hodgman  Rubber  Company 

Hopp  Press   Inc.,  The 

Ideal  Plastics  Corporation 

Imperial  Molded  Product!  Corp. 

Industrial  Synthetic!  Corp. 
Dofcnoll   Plastics  Co. 

•sen    Manufacturing    Company 

Injection  Molding  Corp. 

Inland   Mfs.   Div.,  G.   M.  Corp. 

•on  Varnish  4   Insulator  Co. 

Kinsman,   E.   B.   Co. 

Kinkrad  Industries,  Incorporated 

Marsh  Wall  Products,  Inc. 

Michigan   Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Midwest   Plastic   Products  Co. 

Mills,  Elmer  E.  Corporation 

Mitchell  Button  Co.  Limited,  The 

Modern  Plastic  Co. 
Bforrell,  George  Corporation 

:il   Plastic   Products  Company 

National    Varnished    Products    Corp. 
1  Mastic  Prod.   Co. 

Northeastern  Molding  Co. 

Northwest  Plastics,  Inc. 

irio  Steel  Products  Company 


s  Mfg.  Co.,  lac. 

ens-IIlin 


flinois  Glass  Company 
fan  American  Mfg.  Co. 
Paramount   Rubber  Co. 
Paraplastics.    Inc.  • 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics.  Inc. 
Phillips  Electrical  Works  Ltd. 
Phoenix  Plastics  Corporation 
Place.   Roland   P.  Co.,   Inc. 
Plastex  Corporation 
Plastic  Process  Company 
Plax    Corporation 
Precision    Specialties 
Prolon  Plastics 
Rand   Rubber  Company 
Resistoflex   Corporation 
Respro,   Inc. 

Revere  Copper  and  Brass,  Inc. 
Rex  Co..  Inc.,  The 
Rohh.  Joseph   4   Company   Limited 
Rolling  4  Engraving  Mills  Co.,  Inc. 
Ronci,  F.  Company 
St.  Louis  Plastic   Moulding  Company 
Sandee  Manufacturing  Company 
Schwanda,    B.   &   Sons 
Southern  Plastics  Company 
Standard   Products  Co.,  The 
Superior  Plastic  Company 
Supply  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 
Surprenant  Elec'l  Insulation  Co. 
U.  S.  Stoneware  Co.,  The 
Universal    Button    Fastening  and 
Button  Company  of  Canada  Ltd. 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 
Visking   Corporation,   The 
Walter,  John  *  Sons  Limited 
Werner,   R.   D.   Co.,   Inc. 
Whitehead   Metal  Products  Company 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Company,  Inc. 
lardley  Plastics  Company 

INJECTION 

Advance  Molding  Corp. 
All    Metal    Screw   Products   Co. 
Allied   Plastic!  Company 
American  Extruded  Products  Co. 
American   Hard  Rubber  Company 
American    Insulator   Corporation 
American  Molded  Products  Co. 
American    Molding  Co. 
American    Phenolic    Corporation 
Amos   Molded   Plastic!   Div. 

Amns-Thompson   Corp. 
Arco  Metalcraft.  Inc. 
Ardee  Plastics  Company.   Inc. 
Armstrong   Cork   Company 
Arpin  Products,  Incorporated 
Arrow  Plastics  Co. 
Art  Plastics  Co. 
Athol  Comb  Co. 
Atlantic    PlaMics.    Inc. 
Auburn   Button   Works.   Inc. 

Mtic    Plastic    Molding   Cnmpanv 
It    W.  Molded  PI., 
Rachmann   Bros.,   Inc. 
Bakoring.    Inc. 

Barnes.  Ralph   Mmildrd   Plastics 
Ben   Hur  Products.   Inc. 
Berkander,  George  F..  Inc. 
Blake    Plastic    Mamif.i,  iiirint 
Bolta   Plastics    Limited 
Boonton   Molding  Co. 
Brandenburg,     Melford    P. 

MARfH    KM* 


[Injection   Conf   1 

Bright  Star  Battery  Company 
Brilhart,  Arnold  Ltd. 
Bryant  Electric  Company.  The 
Butterfield.  T.   F.,    Inc. 
Caldwell   Products,   Inc. 
Canadian    Lapin    Products  Limited 
Celluplastic    Corporation 
Central  Die  Casting  4  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Chicago  Molded  Products  Corporation 
Church,  C.  F.  Mfg.  Co. 
Cincinnati    Advertising    Products   Co. 
Claremould  Plastics  Company 
Clinford  Corporation 
Colt's   Patent   Fire   Arms   Mfg.   Co. 
Columbia    Protektosite   Co..    Inc. 
Columbus  Plastic  Products,  Inc. 
Commercial  Plastics  Co. 
Commonwealth    Plastic   Company 
Connecticut  Plastic  Products  Co.  Inc. 
Contjnental  Can  Company.  Inc. 
Continental    Plastics    Corporation 
Craven  4  Whittaker  Company 
Crown  Fastener  Corp. 
Cruyer  Manufacturing  Co. 
Davis,  Joseph   Plastics  Co. 
Detroit  Macoid  Corporation 
Diadem,    Inc. 

Die-Plast   Company   Limited 
Dillon-Beck   Mfg.   Co. 
Du  Page  Plastics  Co. 
Duplatc  Canada  Limited 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Company 
Electroforming  Company 
Electronic  Mechanics.  Inc. 
Emeloid   Co.,   Inc.,  The 
Erie  Plastics  Co. 
Erie  Resistor  Corporation 
Essex  Corporation 
Federal  Tool  Corporation 
Felsenthal,  G.  4  Sons 
Firestone     Industrial     Products    Co. 
Foster   Grant   Co.,   Inc. 
Franklin   Plastics  Division 
Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
Fuller  Brush  Company,  The 
Gemloid    Corporation 
General  Electric  Co..  Plastics  Div. 
General  Industries  Company,  The 
Gits  Molding  Corporation 
Gleich,  Emanuel  D. 
Globe  Molded  Plastics 
Goodrich,  B.  F. 
Great  Lakes  Plastics 
Origoleit  Company,  The 
Grotelite  Co.,  Inc.,  .The 
Hermant,   Percy   Limited 
Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Hydropack 

Ideal  Plastics  Corporation 
Ingwersen     Manufacturing    Company 
Injection   Molding  Corp. 
Inland  Manufacturing  Division 
General   Motors  Corporation 
Jamison,  H. 

Kampa  Manufacturing  Co. 
Kasin.   V.   A.   Molded   Products 
Kayson  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Keolyn  Plastics 
Kirk,  F.  T.  Molding  Co. 

Kilffore  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Kingman,   E.    B.   Co. 
Knoedler,  Alphonse  4  Co. 
Kollcr  Craft  Plastic  Products.  Inc. 

Kuhn  4  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 

Lichten,  Maurice  A.  Co. 
T.indenhurst   Mfg.   Co. 

Livingston  Plastics  Corporation 

Mack  Molding  Ltd. 

Maico  Company,  Incorporated,  The 

Metal  Specialty  Co. 

Michigan  Molded  Plastics.  Inc. 

Mills,  Elmer  E.  Corporation 

Minnesota  Plastics  Corporation 

Modern  Machine  Co. 

Modern  Plastic  Co. 

Modern  Plastics  Corporation 

Modglin  Co. 

Moulded  Products  Co. 

Monoplastics.    Inc. 

Moulded  Plastic  Specialties  Reg'd. 

Multi  Plastic* 

Multi  Products  Tool  Co. 

National  Lock  Co. 

National    Plastic   Products  Company 

National  Plastics,  Inc. 

National    Tool    4    Manufacturing   Co. 

Neo  Plastics  Prod.  Co. 

New  Plastic  Corporation 

Niagara   Insul    Bake   Specialty   Co. 

Northeastern    Distributors.    Inc. 

Northeastern  Molding  Co.  t 

Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 

Northwest  Plastics.  Inc. 

Norton  Laboratories.  Inc. 

Vosco  Plastic* 

I  Mfg.  Co. 

Ohio  Plastic  Co. 

Owens  Illinois  Glass  Coniimuv 

Pacific  Plastic  4   Mfir.   Co.,   Inc. 

Pan  American  Mfg.  Co. 

Paraplastics,   Inc. 

I'.itkrr  Appliance  Company.  The 

Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Pereles  Bros..  Inc. 

Place,  Roland  P.  Co..  Inc. 

Piano  Molding  Company 

Plaital  Specialties  Company 

PlaiTcx  Corporation 

!•  I      t 


(Injection   Conf.l 

Plastic  ft  Die  Cut  Prod.  Corp. 
Plastic  and   Rubber   Products  Co. 
Plastic  Die  ft  Tool  Corp. 
Plastic   Engineering,   Inc. 
I'lastic   Industrie!,  Inc. 
Plastic  Manufacturers,  Inc. 
Plastic  Molded  Art!  Company 
Plastic   Molding  Corporation 
Plastic  Products,  Inc. 
Plastic-Ware,  Inc. 
Precision    Molded  Plastics,   Inc. 
Precision  Plastics  Company 
Precision   Specialties 
Prolon  Plastic! 
Pyro    Plastics   Company 
RCA   Victor   Division 

Radio  Corporation  of  America 
Recto  Molded  Products,   Inc. 
Reliable   Plastics 
Remler  Company.  Ltd. 
Richardson  Company.  The 
Robhins  Company,  The 
Ronci,  F.  Company 
St.  Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Compan) 
Santay  Corporation 
Scripto  Manufacturing  Company 
Shaw    Insulator   Co. 
Sheaffer.  W.  A.  Pen  Company 
Shcller  Mfg.  Corp. 
Southern  California  Plastic  Co. 
Shepherd,  J.  H.  Son  &  Company 
Sobenite.  Inc. 

Southern    Plastics   Company 
Spir-it 

Standard  Molding  Corporation 
Standard  Products  Co..  The 
Sterling  Injection  Molding,  Inc. 
Sterling   Plastics   Co. 
Stimson  'AGA'  Plastics 
Stokes,  Joseph  Rubber  Company 
Style  Molders  Co. 
Superior  Plastic  Company 
T-Die  Cast  4  Molded  Products 
Tilton  ft  Cook  Co. 
Timely  Novelty  Co. 
Toledo  Plastics  Co. 
Tray-Ware  Manufacturers 
Tri-State  Plastic  Molding  Co. 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corporation 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
United  Plastics  Corporation 
Universal  Plastics  Corporation 
Utah  Plastic  4  Die  Cast  Co.,  Inc. 
Victor  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Victory  Button  Co.,  Inc. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 
Victory  Manufacturing  Company 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Walter,  John  4  Sons  Limited 
Washburn  Company,  The 
VVaterbury  Companies 
Watertown   Manufacturing  Company 
Weatherhead  Co. 
Wecolite  Company 
White,  S.  S.   Dental  Mfg.  Co. 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Company,  Inc. 
Wintrob,  M.  4  Sons  Limited 
Worcester  Moulded  Plastics  Co. 
Yardley   Plastics   Company 
Zenith  Plastics  Company 
Zollinger,  Albert 

JET 

Chrysler  Corporation 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,   Inc. 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The 

Erie   Resistor  Corporation 

Evans-Winter-Hebb.   Inc. 

Hoover  Company.  The 

Modern  Plastic  Co. 

Ontario  Steel  Products  Company 

Plastics   Industries,    Inc. 

Prolon  Plastics 

Standard  Products  Co..  The 

United  Plastics  Corporation 

LOW  PRESSURE 

Airply  Forming  Company 

Allied   Aviation  Corporation 

Art  Plastic  Company 

Buchsbaum.  S.  4  Co. 

Chemold  Co. 

Compression   Mold.  Co.  of  St.   Louis 

Continental  Can  Company,  Inc. 

Crosley    Marine 

Dominion  Plastics  Limited 

Duplate  Canada  Limited 

Duralyt,  Inc. 

Duramold   Division 

Fairchild  Engine  4  Airplane  Corp. 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Company 
Garneld  Manufacturing  Company 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics    Div. 
Grayhill 

Haveg  Corporation 
Hood  Rubber  Company 
Kerr,  R.   W.  Co. 
King    Plastics  Corporation 
McDonrll   Aircraft  Corp. 
Moulded    Plastk   Specialties    Reg'd. 
Multi-Plartics 
National   Plastics,  Inc. 
New    Plastics    Corporation 
Northeastern   Molding  Co. 
Paramount  Rubber  Co. 
Precision  Electrotype  Company 
Southern  Plastic*  Company 


[Low    pr.ti.r.   C»«».l 

Stack  Plastics  Co. 

Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 

United    Stales    Rubber    Company 

Footwear    Division 
Viruinia  Lincoln  Corporation 
Walter,  John  ft  Sons  Limited 
Wurlitzer,  Rudolph  Company,  The 

RESIN  FIBRE  MOLDING  & 
PULP  PREFORMING 

Columbian  Rope  Company 
l),,w  Chemical  Company.  The 
Hawley  Products  Company 
Keyes  Fibre  Company 
I.yon  Metal  Products,  Inc. 
Marathon  Corporation 

STEAM 

Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 

TRANSFER 

Accurate  Molding  Corporation 
Alden  Products  Company 
Allanvin  Armature   Mfg.  Co.   Ltd. 
American  Extruded  Products  Co. 
American    Insulator   Corporation 
American  Molding  Co. 
American  Phenolic  Corporation 
American  Plastics  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 
Auburn  Button  Works.   Inc. 
Automatic  Plastic  Molding  Company 
Beaman  Molded  Products  Co. 
Boonton  Molding  Co. 
Breyer  Molding  Company 
Brilhart.  Arnold   Ltd. 
Butterfield,  T.  F.,  Inc. 
C.  M.  Plastic  Molding  Co. 
Canadian    General    Electric    Co.    Ltd. 
California   Plastic    Moulding  Co. 
Chicago  Molded  Products  Corporation 
Church.  C.  F.  Mfg.  Co. 
Cinch   Manufacturing  Corporation 
Cincinnati  Advertising  Prod.  Co. 
Compression    Mold.   Co.   of   St.    Loull 
Davies,   Harry   Molding  Company 
Dickten   4    Masch    Mfg.  Co. 
Diemolding  Corporation 
Dominion   Plastics  Limited 
Eastern   Plastic  Products  Corporation 
Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The 
Electronic  Mechanics,  Inc. 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics  l)iv. 

General  Industries  Company.  The 
General  Products  Corp. 
Gerher    Plastic    Company 
Gulliksen.  Wm.  M.   Mfg.  Co. 
Howard  Plastics.  Inc. 
Hood  Rubber  Company 
lllini   Molded  Plastic* 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Inland    Manufacturing   Division 

General  Motors  Corporation 
International  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Kerr,  R.  W.  Co. 

Roller   Craft   Plastic  Products.   Inc. 
Kuhn  4  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 
Kuri-Kasch,  Inc. 
Mack  Molding  Ltd. 
Martindell   Molding  Co. 
Mayfair  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Minneapolis   Plastic    Molders,    Inc. 
Modern  Plastic  Co. 
Modern  Plastics  Corporation 
MouliM  Plastic  Specialties  Reg  d. 
Multi  Plastics 
Multi  Products  Tool   Co. 
National   Lock  Co. 
National  Tool  4    Manufacturing  Co. 
New  Plastic  Corporation 
Niagara  Insul   Bake  Specialty  Co. 
Northeastern   Molding  Co. 
Northern   Industrial  Chemical  Co. 
Northwest   Plastics.   Inc. 
Norton  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Pacific  Plastic  Prod.   Co. 
Paramount   Rubber   Co. 
Plastics  Engineering  Co. 
Plastic  4  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 
Plastic  Molding  Corporation 
Plastic   Products,   Inc. 
Plastics.  Inc. 
Plaitimold.   Inc. 
Rainbow  Plastic  Limited 
Rathbun  Molding  Corporation 
Recto  Molded  Products,  Inc. 
Remler   Company,   Ltd. 
Richardson  Company,  The 
Ritter  Company.  Inc. 
Shaw  Insulator  Co. 
Smith  4  Stone  Limited 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co, 
Square  'D'  Co. 
Standard  Products  Co..  The 
Stokes.  Joseph  Rubber  Company 
Trans  Malic  Plastics  Co. 
t'.  S.  Stoneware  Co..  The 
Union   Insulating  Co, 
Universal   Plastics  Corpotjlion 
Victor  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Victory  Plastics  Co, 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Walerbury  Companies 
Watertown  Manufacturing  Company 
Wealherhead  Co. 
Wilrot  Plastic*  Moldini  Co. 
/ollinger.  Albert 

i  as 


Plastics  Materials 

ALKYD  RESINS 

Alkydol  Laboratories,  Inc. 

American  Cyanamid  &  Chemical 

American  Resinous  Chemical  Corp. 

Ansbacher-Siegle  Corp. 

Beacon  Co.,  The 

Carbogen  Chemical   Co. 

Du  Pont,  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Electrochemicals  Dept. 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics  Div. 

Hercules  Powder  Company 
Jones-Dabney  Company 
T.ewis,  J.  D.  Inc. 
Makalot  Corp. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Co. 

St.    Louis    Div. 
Paramet  Chemical  Corp. 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 
Sherwin-Williams  Co.,  The 
U.  S.  Industrial  Alcohol  Co. 
Woburn   Decreasing  Co. 

Allyl  alcohol  resins 
Marco  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Co. 

CAST  PLASTICS 

Phenol  formaldehyde 
Bakelite  Corporation 
Catalin    Corporation 
Haven    Corporation 
Hull  Iron  &  Steel  Foundries,  Ltd. 
Knoedler,  A. 
Marblette  Corporation 

COLD  MOLDED 

(Non-Refractory) 
American    Hard    Rubber  Co. 
American    Insulator   Corp. 
Cutler-Hammer.    Inc 
Garfield  Mfg.  Co. 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics  Div. 
Richardson  Company 

(Refractory) 
American  Insulator  Corp 
Colt's  Patent    Fire  Arms   Mfg.   Co. 
Cutler-Hammer.   Inc. 
Garfield  Mfg.  Co. 
General  Electric  Co. 
Standard  Plastics  Corp. 

LAMINATED  PLASTICS 

Hood  Rubber  Co. 

Allyl  alcohol 
Continental   Can   Company,   Inc. 

Lignin 

Haskelite  Mfg.   Co. 
Marathon  Chemical  Co. 
Masonite  Corp. 

Melamine  formaldehyde 
Rudolph  Wurlitzer  Company 

Phenol  formaldehyde 
Camfield  Mfg.  Co. 
Consolidated   Water   Power   &   Paper 
Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Co. 
Farley  *  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
Formica  Insulation  Co. 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics   Div. 
Kimberly-Clark  Corp. 
Mica  Insulator  Co. 
National    Vulcanized    Fibre    Co. 
Panelyte  Div..  St.  Regis  Paper  Co. 
Pluswood.  Inc. 
Rudolph  Wurlitzer  Company 
Spaulding  Fibre  Co. 
Synthane  Corp 
Taylor  Fibre  Co. 
Richardson   Co..   The 
Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Wilmington  Fibre  Specialty  Co. 

Phenol  furfural 
Durite   Plastics 

Urea  formaldehyde 
Insulator    Company 


Mi 


Rudolph  Wurltizer  Company 

Molding  blanks 
Bakelite  Corporation 
Canadian   Bridge   Engineer.   Co.   Ltd. 
Columbian  Rope  Company 
Rogers  Paper  Manufacturing  Co 
Westinghouse  Electric  &   Mfg.  Co. 

MOLDED  PLASTICS  (includ- 
ing Sheet,  Rod,  Tube,  Film) 

Aniline  formaldehyde 
Ciba  Products  Corp. 
Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Co. 

Acrylics 
du   Pont  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.   Inc. 

Plastics  Dept. 
Peters   Chemical    Mfg.    Co. 
Rohm  &   Haas   Company 

Casein 
American  Plastics  Corp. 

196 


[Casein  Con*.] 

Morrell,  Geo.  Corp. 
Phoenix   Plastics  Corporation 

Cellulose  acetate 

American   Molding  Powder  & 

Chemical    Corp. 
Bakelite  Corp. 
Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 
Chemaco  Corp. 
du   Pont  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.   Inc. 

Plastics  Dept. 
Gering  Products,   Inc. 
Monsanto  Chem.  Co. 
Nixon    Nitration    Works 
Synthetic   Resins   Ltd. 
Tennessee  Eastman  Corp. 
Westchester    Chemical    Corp. 

Cellulose  acetate   butyrate 

Tennessee    Eastman   Corp. 

Cellulose  nitrate 
Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 
du   Pont  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.   Inc. 

Plastics  Dept. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Co. 

Plastics   Div. 
Nixon   Nitration  Works 

Ethyl  cellulose 
Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 
Chemaco  Corporation 
Dow    Chemical    Company 
Nixon  Nitration  Works 

Indene  coumarone 
N'eville  Company,  The 

Melamine    formaldehyde 

compounds 

American  Cyanamid  Company 
Monsanto  Chemical  Co..  Plastics  div 
Libby-Owens-Ford    Plaskin    Div. 
Methyl    Methacrylate 
(see   Acrylics) 

Nylon 

du    Pont   E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.    Inc 
Plastics  Div. 

Phenol  formaldehyde 
Bakelite  Corporation 
Drackett  Co.  The 
Durez   Plastics   &   Chemicals,    Inc. 
Uurite  Plastics,  Inc. 
General  Electric  Company 

Plastics   Div. 
Heresite  &  Chemical  Co. 
Makalot   Corp. 
Monsanto   Chemical   Co., 

Plastics  Div. 

Reilly  Tar  &  Chemical  Corp. 
Richardson    Company.    The 
Watertown    Mfg.  Co. 
\\V-tinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Polyethylene 
Bakelite   Corp. 
du   Pont  E.  f.  de  Nemours  *  Co.   Inc. 

Polystyrene 
Bakelite  Corp. 
Catalin  Corp. 
Chemaco  Corp. 
Dow  Chemical  Co. 
Monsanto    Chemical    Co. 
Plastics    Div. 

Polyvinyl  acetal 
Shawinigan   Products  Corporation 

Polyvinyl  alcohol 

du    Pont   E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.    Inc. 
Electrochemicals    Department 

Polyvinyl  butyral 
Bakelite   Corporation 
du   Pont  E.  I.  de  Nemours  &  Co.   Inc 

Plastics  Div. 
Monsanto    Chemical    Co. 
Plastics   Div. 

Polyvinyl  chloride 
B.   F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Chemical  Div. 

Polyvinyl  formal 
Shawinigan    Products  Corporation 

Resorcin   formaldehyde 
Pennsylvania  Coal   Products  Co. 

Shellac 

City    Chemical    Corporation 
Compo-Site   Inc. 

Consolidated   Molded   Products  Corp. 
Doe  4   Ingalls,   Incorporated 
Harshaw  Chemical  Company,  The 
Kraft  Chemical  Company 
Poinsettia  Inc. 
Siemon  Co. 

Urea  formaldehyde 
American  Cyanamid  Company 
Bakelite  Corp. 
Makelot  Corporation 
Plaskon  Div. 
Libbey-Owens-Ford 
Richardson  Company,  The 

Vinyl   chloride   acetate 
Bakelite  Corporation 
Celanese  Plastics  Corporation 
Chemaco   Corporation 
Coy  Manufacturing  Company 


Vinylidene    chloride 
Dow  Chemical  Co. 

Platers 

American  Name  Plate  &  Mfs.  Co. 
Brier  Manufacturing  Company 
Cohan-Epner  Co.,  Inc. 
Cummins,  Gilbert  &  Company 
Electro    Plastic    Processes 
Master    Metalcoaters 
Metaplast  Company 
Monroe  Auto  Equipment  Co. 
Na-Mac  Products  Corp. 
Pacific  Plastic  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Plastic  Platers 

Plywood,  Resin 
Bonded 

Aberdeen  Plywood  Corporation 
American  Plywood  Corporation 
Buffelen  Lumber  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Camfield    Manufacturing   Company 
Crescent   Panel   Company 
Dominion    Plywoods   Limited 
Eugene  Plywood  Corporation 
Farley  &  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
Harbor  Plywood  Corporation 
Haskelite  Manufacturing  Corporation 
Jasper  Wood  Products  Company 
M  and  M  Wood  Working  Co.    " 
Mengel  Company.  The 
Plywood  Plastics  Corporation 
Roddis  Lumber  &  Veneer  Company 
Springfield  Plywood  Corporation 
Technical  Ply-Woods 
United  States  Plywood  Corporation 
Washington  Veneer  Co. 
Wheeler-Osgood  Co.,  The 

Printers,  Engravers 

American  Plastic  Products 

Ansonia  Clock  Company,   Inc.,  The 

Austin.  O.  Co.,  The 

Bachmann  Bros.,  Inc. 

Bastjan   Bros.   Co. 

Cincinnati  Advertising  Products  Co., 

Creative    Printmakers  Group 

Crowe  Name  Plate  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Cruver    Manufacturing   Co. 

Diecraft 

Eclipse   Moulded   Products   Company 

Emeloid   Co..   The 

Felsenthal,  G.  &  Sons 

Gemloid  Corporation 

General   Electric  Co 

Plastics    Div. 

Glass.  Harry  H.  &  Brother 
Great  Lakes  Plastics 
Greenhut  Insulation  Company 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Lansky  Die  Cutting  Co. 
Leed    Insulator  Company 
Livingston  Plastics  Corporation 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
Mastercraft  Plastics  Co.,  Inc 
Minnesota  Plastics  Corporation 
National     Varnished    Products    Corp. 
Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 
Owens-Illinois  Glass  Company 
Packard,  J.  S.,  Inc. 
Parisian    Novelty    Company 
Photoplating  Company,  The 
Piano  Molding  Company 
Plastic  &  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 
Plastic    Fabricators    Company 
Plastic  Molded  Arts  Company 
Plastiglas    Printing    Co. 
Printloid.   Inc. 

Schoder  &  Lombard  Stamp  &  Die  Co. 
Slater.   N.   G.   Corp. 
Sillcocks-Miller  Company,  The 
Synthane   Corporation 
Teckna  Company 

Transparent    Printing   Corporation 
Whitehead  &  Hoag  Company,  The 

Scrap  Dealers 

Aceline  Film  Reclaiming  Co. 

American    Cellulose   Company 

American  Products  Mfg.  Co. 

American    Pyroxylin    Company 

Bamberger.  A. 

Cinelin   Company 

General  Textile   Products  Co. 

Gering   Products    Inc. 

Hpman,  Louis  J. 

Kings  Specialty  Company 

Landan,  B.   Rubber  Products 

Mecum.  Clarke  W. 

Meyer  and  Brown  Corporation,  The 

Michigan  Scrap  Iron  &  Metal  Co. 

Muehlenstein,  H.  Co..  Inc. 

Oppenheimer,  Alan  D.,  Inc. 

Pacific    Reclamations 

Plasti-Mode    Novelty    Co. 

Progress  Smelting  &  Refining  Co. 

Rayon  Processinc;  Co.  of  R.  I.,   Inc. 

Rotex  Plastics  Company,  Inc. 

Success  Plastics  Recovery  Works 


Supplies 


PLASTICS 


Abrasive  materials 
Clover  Mfg.  Co. 
Minnesota   Mining  &  Mfg.   Co 
Neal  &  Brinker  Co. 

Attachments  for  flexible  shafts 
Invincible   Tool    Company 

Belts,   belting 

Manhattan  Rubber  Mfg.  Division, 
The  Raybestos-Manhattan,  Inc. 
Preis,  H.  P.  Engraving  Machine  Co. 

Buffing,  polishing      compounds, 
equipment,  materials 

Aero  Tool  &  Die  Works 

Belke  Mfg.  Co. 

Burns,  E.  Reed  Mfg.  Corp. 

Divine  Brothers  Co. 

Formax   Company 

Griffiths,  K.  F.  &  Co. 

Hanson-Van     Winkle     Munning     Co. 

McAleer  Manufacturing  Company 

Minnesota    Mining   &    Mfif.    Co. 

United   Laboratories  Co. 

Bushings 
Colonial   Bushings,  Inc. 

Chemicals  (for  electroplating) 
Special   Chemicals   Co. 

Chucks 

Eriez  Mfg.  Co. 
H.trdinKe     Brothers,     Inc. 
Logansport  Machine  Co.,  Inc. 
Westcott  Chuck  Company 
Woodworth,  N.  A.  Co. 

Couplings 

Foote  Bros.  Gear  Se  Machine  Corp. 
Lovejoy  Flexible  Coupling  Co. 

Fastening  Devices 
American  Screw  Company 
Boots  Aircraft   Nut  Corp. 
Central  Screw  Company 
Continental  Screw  Company 
Industrial  Screw  &  Supply  Co. 
John   Hassall,   Inc. 
Milford  Rivet  &  Machine  Co. 
New  England  Screw  Company 
Scoville    Mfg.    Company 
Shakeproof,   Inc. 
Tinnerman  Products,  Inc. 

Hose,  tubings,  fittings 
Bendix  Aviation  Corp. 
DeVilbiss  Company,  The 
Manhattan  Rubber  Mfg.  Division, 

The   Raybestos-Manhattan,   Inc. 
Packless  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Pennsylvania  Flexible  Metallic 

Tubing  Co. 
Seamlex  Co.,  Inc. 

Inserts 

Aircraft  Screw  Products  Company 
Continental    Screw   Company 
Milford  Rivet  &  Machine  Co. 
Scoville    Mfg.    Company 
Wm.  Steincn  Mfg.  Co. 

Jigs,  Fixtures 

Ace  Tool  &  Manufacturing  Company 
Allied  Products  Corporation 
Art  Plastic  Comnany 
Austin  Tool  &  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Diecraft 

U.  S.  Industrial   Plastics  Co. 
Woodworth.  N.  A.  Co. 

Joints,  flexible 
Loomis,  Evarts  G.  Company 

Joints,  swivel 
Barco  Manufacturing  Co. 
Chiksan  Company 

Joints,  universal 
Gear  Grinding  Machine  Company 
Low  pressure  molding  bags 
Tyer  Rubber  Company 

Refractory  materials 
Babcock  &  Wilcox  Co.,  The 

Rivets 

Central  Screw  Company 
Continental  Screw  Company 
Milford  Rivet  &  Machine  Co. 

Speed  reducers 
Tanette  Mfg.  Co. 
Philadelphia    Gear    Works,    Inc. 

Steel   (for  molds,  dies,  hobs) 
Allegheny  Ludlum  Steel  Corp. 
Carpenter  Steel  Company,  The 
Disston,   Henry  &   Sons,   Inc. 
Tessop  Steel  Co. 
Latrobe  Electric  Steel  Co. 
Vanadium-Alloys  Steel  Company 
Ziv  Steel  &  wire  Co. 

Vibration  absorbers 
Packless  Metal  Products  Corp. 

Tooling  Materials 

(See  Casting  Resins,  pg.   162) 

MARCH  1945 


RE  a      US-   PAT     OFF 


Plastic  Tubing 
sofves  another  problem! 


A  new-type  Yi,"  core  was  needed  to  make  a  sliding  lock  fit 
on  a  3/s"  square  shaft.  Uniformity  and  stability  were  essen- 
tial. A  range  of  four  colors  was  specified  for  identification 
purposes. 

TULOX  TT  splined  plastic  tubing  solved  this  problem- 
as  various  TULOX  tubings  have  solved  many  and  varying 
problems  for  our  fighting  forces  and  industries. 
TULOX  is  more  than  "just  another  plastic  tubing".  It  is  a 
quality  product— produced  to  closer  tolerances  than  previ- 
ously thought  possible  for  plastics  .  .  .  and  it  may  solve  your 
problems  as  it  has  solved  so  many  others. 

Writ*  for  TUIOX  tnd-ui*  photos  and  dafa  ihttl 

Extruded  Plastics,  Inc. 

NEW  CANAAN   AVE.      NOR  WALK,   CONN.,   U.S.A. 
In  Canada:  Duplace  Canada  Ltd.,  Plastic  Div.,  Oshawa,  Ontario 


MARCH  194.-. 


FLABTtCS 


197 


Tables  of  Properties 

The  accompanying  tables  of  physical  and  chemical  properties  are  designed  to  provide  comparative  values 
of  the  various  plastics  materials.  (In  the  tables  the  trade  name  of  each  product  is  shown  in  italics,  the  produc- 
ing company  immediately  following  in  parenthesis.)  These  tables  cover  grades  in  common  use,  but  plastics 
can  be  formulated  in  an  infinite  number  of  ways  to  meet  precise  specifications.  It  should  also  be  pointed  out 
that  most  of  the  properties  are  determined  under  certain  standard  conditions  while  the  product  in  use  may 
be  subjected  to  other  conditions  in  which  the  "book  value,"  so  to  speak,  will  not  be  valid.  Furthermore,  the 
manner  in  which  the  plastics  material  is  molded  or  fabricated  affects  its  properties.  The  values  given  are 
those  supplied  or  approved  by  the  materials  manufacturers,  and  are  assumed  to  be  based  on  the  best 
techniques  now  available. 

CAST  PLASTICS 

PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDES 

General  Purpose  Grades 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Lustre,  colorability,  shock  and  chemical  resistance,  low  water  absorption,  non-flammability, 
dielectric  strength,  machinability. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Ornaments,  clock  cases,  furniture  hardware,  shoe  buckles,  radio  cabinets,  chemically  resistant  parts,  games, 
brush  backs,  buttons,  refrigerator  and  cutlery  handles,  toys. 


BAKELITE  CAST  RESIN  (Bakelite  Corporation) 

BT-48-000,  BT-58-000  Series 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.30 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2,500 — 5,000 

Compretsive  strength 7,000 — 1  0,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 7,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Uod) 0.35 — 0.45 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 0s) 2.5 — 4.0 

Brinell  hardness 1  5 — 20 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) 1 — 10  X   1014 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 1 75 — 200 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 20.0 — 30.0 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O3  cycles) 1  2.0 — 1  5.0 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 7.0 — 8.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.25— .50 

Power  factor  ( I  O3  cycles) 0.20 — .30 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.09 — .10 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .615—1 .62 

Light  transmission  ('.  c) 80—90 

Color  range — BT-48-000 Transparent 

BT-58-000 Mottled  Transparencies 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1  0~5) 1  2.5 — 1  3 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 95—1  1  3 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.). 


.0.015—0.60 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Flow 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECTS  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  alkalies;  reacts  slightly  with 
some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  acids. 


CATALIN  (Catalin  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  cast  shapes. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .3 1 5 — 1 .335 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21.5 — 21.8 

Odor None 

Taste 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 9,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 4,000 — 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 6,000 — 9,000 

Shear  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 6,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  in.  notch)  (Izod) 0.30 — 0.40 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .58— 1 .6 1 

Light  transmission  (%) 0 — 5 

Color  range Unlimited 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualitie Excellent 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cm.) (1-10)  X   10" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)   short  time 300 — 400 

stepwise 200—350 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) '  5 — 20 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 1  2 — 1  8 

Dielectric  constant  (1  O6  cycles) 5 — 1  I 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.025—0.2 

Power  factor  (1  0s  cycles) 0.1—0.2 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cycles) 0.01— 0.1 0 

Loss  factor  (60  cycles) 2.5—2.75 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('.'<•  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.5 — 2.0 

Effect  of  age Hardens  and  Yellows 

Effect  of  sunlight Hardens  and  Yellows 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) '  04 — 1 40 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Reacts  slightly  to  weak  acids;  inert  to  weak  alkalies;  decomposes  in 
strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reacts  with  some  organic  solvents. 


198 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  194.r, 


Water-bury   Companies/  Inc. 


have   the   Facilities   for   De- 


signing   and    Manufacturing 


Products,  Parts  and  Assem- 


blies to   Customer's  Specifi- 
cations in  Plastics  and  Metals/ 


or  in   combinations   of  both. 


MOLDINGS  OF  MERIT  by  WATERBURY  COMPANIES,  INC. 
COMPRESSION    •   TRANSFER   •    INJECTION 


"EXCELLENCE  in  mold  making  is 
-Lrf  Waterbury's  forte.  Their  complete 
facilities  are  unequaled  for  intricate  mold 
work,  for  Waterbury  has  the  equipment 
and  ability  to  build  special  machinery 
when  required  for  unusual  operations. 
When  fine  handwork  is  called  for 
Waterbury  has  the  craftsmen.  Waterbury 
Companies'  Engineers  &  Designers  wel- 
come your  inquiries.  Address  Dept.  S 


BUY  MORE 
WAR   BONDS 


HASTEN 
VICTORY 


WATERBURY    COMPANIES,    INC 

Formerly  Waterbury  Button  Co.,  Esf.  18)2 
WATERBURY,   CONNECTICUT 


MARCH  1947) 


.  \STICfi 


199 


MARBLETTE  (The  Marblette  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheets,  rods,  tubes,  etc 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.30 — 1.32 

Grams  per  cu.  in 2 1 .8 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1  2,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 5,000 — 30,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.40 — 0.50 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1  O5) 4 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 012 — 1  Ols 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 5 — 7 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.10—0.15 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .5—1 .7 

Color  range Unlimited 


[Cast  Plastics]  Cent. 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~4  ca I.  sec .,  cm.    C) 3 — j 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.3 — 0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1 05) 8 — 1 1 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) ]7Q 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.4 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age Hardens  and  Yellows 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Machining  qualities 


.  Excellent 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids;  slightly  or  not  at  all  affected  by  strong 
reducing  and  organic  acids,  decomposed  by  strong  alkalies  and  strong 
oxidizing  acids. 


BAKELITE  CAST  RESIN  (Bakelite  Corporation)  Special  Purpose  Grades 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Chemical  resistance,  good  electrical  properties.  In  addition,  Grade  BT-4 1-001  has  good 
dimensional  stability;  Grade  BT-43-001,  high  heat  distortion  and  greater  hardness  than  some  of  the  other  Bakelite 
cast  resins. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Grade  41-001:  Electrical  and  chemical  purposes;  Grade  43-001,  specific  applications. 


Available  in  rods,  sheets,  tubes. 

BT-4 1-001  BT-43-001 

SERIES  SERIES 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .26  1 .26 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6,950 — 7,400  5,000—7,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 3,000 — 1 8,000  20,000 — 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 9,000 — 1 4,000  9,000 — 1 4,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

notch  in.)  (Irod) 30— .40  0.1  25— 0.1 65 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   105)  .4— .5  X  10«  0.5—0.65  X  106 

Brinell  hardness 35—40  35—40 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Flow  Excellent  Flow 

Machining  qualities Excellent  Excellent 

EFFECTS  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  alkalies,  reacts  slightly  with 
some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  acids. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 


BT-4 1-001  BT-43-001 

SERIES  SERIES 
Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.).  .  .(0.1—10)  X   106   (1.0—10)  X  10IS 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 275 — 300  275—300 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 7.0 — 8.0  5.0 — 5.5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 6.0 — 7.0  5.0 — 5.5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0«  cycles) 5.5 — 6.0  4.7—4.9 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.10 — 0.15  .010 — .015 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 0.03 — 0.04  .0 1 0 — .0 1 5 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 0.04—0.05  .03— .04 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  Index,  N/D 1 .65—1 .66 

light  transmission  (%) 65—75  65—75 

Color  range Transparent  Amber  Transparent  Amber 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~5)      10.5—1 1.5 
Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 131 — 149 

STABILITY 


Water  absorption  (f"(,  after 
immersion  48  hrs.) 


.0.40 — 0.60 


149—167 


0.40—0.60 


BAKELITE  CAST  RESIN  (Bakelite  Corporation) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Dielectric  strength,  high  heat  distortion,  low  water  absorption,  excellent  light  transmission. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Models  for  quantitative  photo-elastic  stress  analysis. 

Available  in  plates  only. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 


BT-6 1-893 
SERIES 

Specific  gravity 1.40 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.9 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 — 1 0,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 — 30,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 — 1 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.450 — 0.550 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 0s) 5.5 — 6.5 

Brinell  hardness 40 — 50 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  10~6) 5.5 — 6.0 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 176 — 194 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidized  acids  and  alkalies,  reacts  slightly  with 
some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  acids. 


BT-6 1-893 
SERIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) Over  1 014 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 — 350 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 4.0 — 4.5 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 4.0—4.5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0«  cycles) 3.7—4.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 003— .004 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 006— .008 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 025— .035 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.5736—1.5739 

Light  transmission  (%) 88.8—90 

Color  range Water  White  Transparents 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  {%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.10 — 0.15 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Flow 

Machining  qualifies Excellent 


200 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Letters  and  figures  on  this  plastic  dial  (for 
electric  refrigerator  temperature  control)  were 
included  in  the  mold.  This  resulted  in  a  substan- 
tial saving  over  the  cost  of  machining  then-,  into 
the  piece,  after  molding. 

Such  a  method  might  seem  to  be  simple  and 
obvious,  but  it  required  much  special  skill.  The 
correct  plastic  compound  with  the  proper  shrink- 
age had  to  be  chosen.  Then,  the  molds  had  to 
be  designed  so  that  the  pieces  could  be  removed 
without  defacing  the  markings. 

This  special  "know-how"  is  what  we  at 
(•••Moral  Industries  offer  you  in  our  molded 
plastic*  division.  Of  course,  we  have  all  the 
machinery  needed  for  large  or  small  jobs  in 
<•<  impression,  transfer  or  injection  molding.  But 
in  addition,  we  have  that  ingenuity,  skill  in  mold 
making  and  willingness  and  ability  to  think 
I  lirough  on  a  job  before  it  is  undertaken.  In  plastic* 


molding,  there  is  no  substitute  for  experience. 
If  your  postwar  products  call  for  plastic  parts, 
we  suggest  you  consult  us  before  making  definite 
commitments.  While  our  engineers  and  facilities 
are  now  taxed  to  the  limit  with  war  work,  we  can 
discuss  your  requirements  in  gen- 
eral terms,  and  later  get  down 
to  facts  and  figures.  We'd  like 
to  work  with  you. 


MOLDED  I     I  PLASTICS 


Molded  Platlict  Division      •      Elyria,  Ohio 
Chun:  PbH  Ciitiif  1411  MtoHtN:  Pt*M  Mr  till 


•Unit:  PtaM  MhM  2141 


i  HIS 


MVKCH    1'tir, 


I'l.ASTII  X 


CATALIN  (Catalin  Corporation) 


[Cast  Plastics]  Cent. 


Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.305—1.315 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21 .29 — 2 1 .47 

Odor Odorless 

Taste Tasteless 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 — 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 — 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 10,000 — 1  2,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.48—0.60 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 3.75 

Rockwell  hardness M65 — M80 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (' ",,  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.4 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age Hardens  and  Yellows 

Effect  of  sunlight Yellows 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Excellent 


Electrical  and  Mechanical  Grades 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) 17   X   1 012 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 350 — 430 

stepwise 260 — 335 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 6.5 — 7.5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 5.5 — 6.0 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 7.4 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.10 — 0.15 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.01 — 0.05 

Power  factor  (JO6  cycles) 0.04—0.05 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .59—1 .61 

light  transmission  (%) 0 — 1 

Color  range White 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~5  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 3 — 5 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~5) 8.1—10.9 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 11  3 — 1 76 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed   by  strong  oxidizing   acids  and   alkalies;  reacts  slightly 
with  some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  acids. 


PRYSTAL  (Catalin  Corporation) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  transparency,  colorability. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Handbag  frames,  jewelry,  buttons,  displays,  novelties,  engineering  dials. 


Available  in  fully  cured  shapes. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.30 — 1.335 

Specific  volume  (on.  per  cu.  in.) 0.766 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 5,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 7,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 2,950 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.30 — 0.45 

(Charpy) 0.26 — 0.3 1 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi   X   105) 1.25—4 

Shear  strength  (psi)  (for  1 "  dio.  plunger) 3,000 — 4,000 

Rockwell  hardness M30 — M40 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities.... 


.Excellent 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Slightly  or  not  affected  by  weak  acids;  slightly  to  markedly  affected 
by  weak  alkalies;  decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids;  not  affected 
or  slightly  affected  by  reducing  and  organic  acids. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  — 1 0  X   10* 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 76 — 98 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 20 — 30 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 1  2 — 1 5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  Ofl  cycles) 7 — 8 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.25—0.50 

Power  factor  (1 0s  cycles) 0.20—0.30 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 0.09—0.1 0 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .59—1 .62 

Light  transmission  (%) 80—90 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10   5) 8.3 — 13 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 95 — 1  1  3 

Burning  rate  ..,„....................•••••••••••  Non-nammoDic 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.5 — 3.0 

Effect  of  age Hardens  and  Yellows 

Effect  of  sunlight Yellows 


COLD  MOLDED  PLASTICS 


Non-Refractory  Types 

TYPE:  Thermosetting  or  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Heat  resistance,  low  cost,  high  production  rate. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Handles,  knobs,  switch  bases,  wiring-device   parts,  with   bases,  conduit  outlets,  receptacles,  adapters. 


GUMMON   (Garfield   Manufacturing   Company) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.87 — 2.1  5 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1 4.8 — 1  2.9 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 6,000 — 1 5,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 3,700—9,300 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.4 

Rockwell  hardness M35— M65 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  ('  ,') Opaque 

Color  range Dark  colors  only 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 500 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 


p  ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1.3  X   1012 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 85 

sfepwise 50 — 75 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 1  5.0 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 6.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.20 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 0.07 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (', ',',  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.6 — 2.0 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Fair  to  Good 

Molding  methods Cold 

Machining  qualities Poor 

Effect  on  metal  inserts lnert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Reacts  slightly  to  weak  acids;  inert  to  weak  alkalies;  decomposes  in 
strong   acids  and   alkalies;  reacts  with  some  organic  solvents. 


Features  of  Marblette 

color  range 

Outstanding  among  the  many  features 
of  Marblette  are  its  jewel-like  depth  and 
complete  color  range  which  duplicate  the 
appearance  of  such  precious  stones  as 
Vinher,  Jade,  Coral,  Rose  (^uartx.  Oti>\, 
etc.,  as  well  as  tortoise  shell  and  ivory. 

The  almost  infinite  variety  of  colors 
available  in  Marbleltc  can  be  had  in  any 
of  the  following  types:  transparent, 
translucent,  opaque  and  in  mottled 
effects. 

Marblette  ean  be  supplied  in  a  water- 
clear  form  kiinun  as  "('.rustic,"  which  is 
also  made  in  a  wide  range  of  colors  and 
shades. 


production  advantages 

In  fabricating,  no  heavy  press  equip- 
ment or  expensive  UK. I.I-  arc  required 
and  an  unlimited  variety  of  articles  may 
be  made  with  a  minimum  of  tool  and 
set-up  costs.  Marblette  has  machining 
characterises  very  similar  to  hard  wood, 
brass  and  ivory.  Most  tools  used  in  fabri- 
cating these  materials  can  he  employ  cd 
with  Marbleltc.  Marblette  is  iioii-in- 
flammahle  and  is  resistant  to  oils  and 
common  acids. 

Manufacturers  who  prefer  to  have  .Mar- 
blette fabricated  outside  of  their  ovtii 
(•I. ml  can  be  serviced  by  conveniently 
located  fabricators  who  can  supply  them 
with  finished  products.  These  fabri- 
cators, because  of  their  wide  experience 
can  greatly  assist  in  solving  production 
problems. 


special  castings 

Many  open  numbers  are  available  in 
special  castings  such  as  cutlery  handles, 
kitchen  utensil  handles,  pipe  stems, 
cigarette  holders,  clock  cases,  automotive 
trimmings,  furniture  trims  and  handles, 
lamp  parts,  jewelry  items,  buttons, 
buckles  and  many  others.  Special  shapes 
made  to  customers'  specifications  can 
be  supplied  provided  draft  is  all  one  way. 


Properties  of  Cast  Resins 


Specific  Gravity  1.30-1.32 

Specific  Volume,  cubic  inch  per  Ib.  20-23 

Tensile  Strength,  Ibs.  per  sq.  inch  8000-12000 

Compressive  Strength.  Ibs.  per  sq.  inch  1 5000-30000 

Impact  Strength, 

ft.  Ibs.  per  inch  of  notch  (liod  Test)  0.40-0.50 

Modulus  of  Elasticity,  Ibs.  per  sq.  inch  x  I05  4 

Thermal  Conductivity  I04  cal., 

per  second,  per  square  cm/ 1  °  C.  per  cm.  3-5 

Thermal  Expansion  I0r'  per  degree  C.  8-11 

Specific  heat,  cal.  per  degree  C.  per  gram.  0.3-0.4 

Heat  resistance,  °F.  170° 

Water  Absorption,  %  by  weight,  48  hours  0.4-0.6 

Volume  resistivity,  ohm-cms 

(50%  relative  humidity  and  25°  C.)  I012-I013 

Breakdown  Voltage, 

60  cycles,  volts  per  mil.  (instantaneous) 

Dielectric  constant,   10"  cycles 
Power  Factor,  radio  frequencies 
Power  Factor,  60  cycles 
Refractive  Index  Nd 


Burning  Rate 

Effect  of  Weak  Acids 

Effect  of  Strong  Acids 

Effect  of  Strong  Alkalies 

Effect  of  Ageing 

Effect  on  Metal  Inserts 

Machining  Qualities 

Clarity 

Color  Possibilities 


300-450 
5-7 
I  -4.5 
0.10-0.15 
1.5-1.7 

Nil 

No  effect 

None  to  slight  effect 
Decomposes 
Hardens  &  Yellows 
None 
Excellent 

Waterclear,  Opaque,  Translucent 
Unlimited 


Marklette 


INS 


chining  Characteristics  of  Marblette  Cast  Resins 


drilling 


<  1,1,1-. li-i|inl  castings  or  part*  are 
ilrillfil  with  the  usual  type  of  high 
speed  vertical  drill.  Parts  being 
turned  in  the  lathe  or  screw  ma- 
chine may  be  drilled  with  center 
holes  at  the  same  time.  For  belter 
cutting  efficiency  drills  generally 
have  a  tip  angle  greater  than  the 
usual  60  degrees,  with  large  flutes 
on  drills  over  '/i  inch  in  diameter. 


polishing 


Polishing  it  usually  done  on  •  dou- 
ble spindle  buffing  lathe  equipped 
with  soft  muslin  discs.  Ashing  i« 
done  with  pumice  paste  applied  t<> 
the  wheel  and  the  work.  After  rub- 
bing, all  traces  of  pumice  are  re- 
moved with  water,  and  the  polish- 
ing is  done  on  a  second  wheel,  us- 
i»f  polishing  compound  or  tripoli 
to  obtain  a  bigh  lustre. 


tapping 


Tapping  Marblette  is  easily  accom- 
plished on  vertical  or  horizontal 
tapping  machines.  Standard  taps 
may  be  used,  and  fairly  coarse 
threads  are  advisable  for  greater 
strength  and  to  avoid  stripping. 
Tapped  holes  should  be  checked 
for  size  as  some  wear  is  caused 
by  abrasive  action  of  the  material. 


Radii,  bevels  and  other  finishing 
touches  which  improve  the  appear- 
ance of  articles  cannot  always  be  in- 
corporated in  rough  carting*,  and  a 
shaping  operation  is  therefore  nec- 
essary. An  abrasive  formwheel 
shaped  to  the  desired  form  by 
means  of  a  diamond  point  is  recom- 
mended for  this  type  of  finishing. 


turning 


Special  grades  of  tool  materials  are 
not  generally  required  for  turning 
operations.  Hard  bronze  tools  are 
sometimes  used,  and  stellite  ce- 
mented carbide  or  high  speed  tools 
may  be  used  for  long  runs  without 
resharpening  or  resetting.  Spindle 
speeds  range  from  450  to  6000  rpm 
and  should  be  regulated  to  a  surface 
speed  of  about  600  feet  per  minute. 


forming 


In  fabricating  practice  it  is  often 
necessary  to  curve  or  shape  Mar- 
blette sheet  and  rod  stock  to  various 
radii.  The  material  is  healed  in 
water  to  180  degrees  F  and  then 
placed  in  a  form  and  allowed  to 
cool.  The  material  expands  some- 
what at  high  temperatures  but  re- 
turns to  its  original  dimension* 
when  cooled. 


stamping 


Many  types  of  machines  are  avail- 
able for  stamping  Marblette.  They 
are  designed  chiefly  for  flat  surfaces, 
but  a  rotary  type  press  is  available 
for  stamping  curved  surfaces.  Roll 
leaf  stamping  is  the  method  usually 
employed.  The  leaf  is  threaded 
into  a  roll  feed  which  carries  it 
beneath  the  metal  stamping  die. 
Presses  may  be  manually  or  auto- 
matically controlled. 


sowing 


The  band  saw  is  one  of  the  most 
commonly  used  tools  for  cutting 
Marblette  and  has  the  advantage  of 
not  overheating.  Sawing  i«  done  al 
a  surface  speed  of  about  1200  to 
1500  feet  per  minute.  Jig  saws  ire 
used  for  cutting  out  intricate  shapes 
from  sheet  -',,,  k.  Care  should  be 
taken  to  prevent  the  work  from 
healing  by  changing  blades  fre- 
quently, and  by  the  use  of  a  blower. 


cutting 


Abrasive  cut-off  wheels  are  most 
commonly  used  for  cutting  opera- 
tions. The  abrasive  disc  is  fastened 
to  a  high  speed  spindle  which  turn- 
at  3500  to  6000  rpm.  A  flood  of 
water  is  directed  on  the  material  to 
prevent  scorching  and  to  produce 
a  smooth,  easily  polished  cut.  Cut 
surfaces  have  a  dull  frosted  appear- 
ance, but  are  easily  polished  by 
hand  or  tumbling. 


tumbling 


Tumbling  of  parts  is  less  expensive 
than  hand  polishing.  Wet  tumbling 
is  employed  when  the  articles  are 
very  rough,  or  when  the  general  ion 
of  heat  is  undesirable.  Dry  tumbling 
is  equivalent  to  ashing  and  is  the 
melhixl  iiiu«t  frequently  u«ed.  With 
grease  burnishing  or  wax  finishing, 
the  articles  may  be  brought  to  a 
high  lustre  in  the  tumbling  barrel. 


THE 


^PLASTIC 


PHENOLIC  RESINS 
STOCK  DIMENSIONS 


Round  Rods 


Special  Castings 


dimensions  in  inches 
diameter       length 


wt/imit 
in  pounds 


'At »..., 

s/4 6.... 

% 12     .. 

Vi. 11%.. 

Vi* 12     .. 

% 9     .. 

% 13%.. 

% 201/... 


y..  .  .  . 

y..  .  .  . 


20     . 

17%. 

21%. 

20      . 

..20      . 


.940.. 
I  ... 
1  ... 

1      ... 

1  '/!*.. 


.21%. 
.21  . 
.20%. 
.21  . 
.18%. 
.19%. 
.21  . 
.20  . 
.20%. 
.20%. 
.20%. 
.21%. 
.21 


2      . 
2%. 

2%. 


2y4. 

2%. 

3     . 


4  . 
4V4. 

5  . 


.20%.. 
.20%.. 
.20%.. 
.21%.. 
.16%.. 
.16%.. 
.16%.. 
18  .. 
.16%.. 
.16%.. 
.12%.. 
.It  .. 
.16  .. 
.15%.. 
.12  .. 
.14%.. 
.12%.. 
.12%.. 
.16%.. 
.12%.. 
.11%.. 


.       .03 
.       .034 
.       .065 
.       .08 
.       .098 
.       .088 
.       .131 
.       .19 
.       .222 
.       .235 
.       .261 
.       .31 
.       .375 
.       .373 
.       .433 
.       .32 
.       .60 
.       .66 
.       .80 
.       .70 
.       .74 
.       .88 
.       .90 
.       .96 
.    1.2 
.     1.33 
.     1.73 
.    2. OS 
.       .30 
.       .70 
.       .10 
.       .34 
.       .90 
.       .32 
.       .70 
.       .66 
.       .29 
.       .5 
.       .80 
.       .83 
.       .30 
.    6.60 
.     3.75 
.    7.45 
.    6.98 
.    7.23 
.13.4 
.11.O 
.15.33 


A  few  of  the  many  types  of  special  Marblette  castings 
made  to  customers'  specifications. 


Scolloped  Rods 


Quarter  Round  Rods 


dimensions  in  inches 
diameter        length 


wt    unit 
in  pounds 


Eight-Corner 
'Square"  Rods 


dimensions  in  inches 
diameter        length 


wt/unit 
in  pounds 


% 3%.. 

1% 12%.. 

1% 12     .. 

1% 12%.. 


.034 
.161 
.138 
.214 


1%.... 
1%.... 
1%.... 


....12%. 
....14%. 
....20  . 

16      . 

....17     . 

17     . 

....16  . 
17 


.11 
.18 
.31 
.32 
.46 
.76 

1.0 

1.52 


dimensions  in  inches 
across  flats     length 


wt/unit 
in  pounds 


1         

1%.... 
1%.... 
1%.... 

2 


12     . 

....15%. 

16      . 

....15%. 

2O      . 

....15%. 

....2O      . 

..20      . 


.18 

.405 

.560 

.715 

1.1 4O 

1.115 

2.080 

3.600 


Square  Rods 


dimensions  in  inches 
size  length 


wt/untt 
in  pound 


6V... 
7Vi». 


TAt.  . 

'At.. 


y* 

"At. 

% 
i 

1%.. 
i%.. 

I'/u. 
1%.. 

1%.. 

2 


.12  .. 
.  7%.. 

12  .. 
.12V... 
.12  .. 
.12  .. 
.12%.. 
.20%.. 
.21  .. 
.2O  .. 

21  .. 
.17V... 
.20%.. 
.21  .. 

21      .. 


2%.... 

2V,6... 
2%.... 

2%.... 
4 


14      . 
14      . 

...14%. 
...14%. 
...12%. 


.04 
.03 

.061 
.111 
-08< 
.14! 

.is; 
.22: 

.321 
.38! 
.76 
1.0 
1.22 
1.55 
1.3O 
2.19 
3.O6 
3.94 
2.46 
3.OO 
3.03 
3.43 
5.72 
8.5O 


Sheets  and  Slabs 


dimensions  in  inches 
thickness     length         width 


wt  'uni 

in 
pound; 


'At. 
%.  . 

y..  . 
'At. 
'At. 


i    .. 

1  5m 


.     8      . 

.13%. 
.15  . 
.12%. 
.18%. 
.16  . 
.16  . 
.20%. 
.16  . 
.  8%. 
.13%. 
.20%. 
.16  . 
.12  . 
.16  . 
.20  . 
.16  . 
.  8%. 
.16  . 
.  9 


.  i'/i. 
.10  . 

.12%. 
.  6%. 

.  sy4. 

.  6  . 
.10  . 

.  6  . 
.  5  . 

.  5%. 
.10  . 

.  53/4. 
.  3%. 
.  5%. 
.10  . 

.  5  . 
.  5 


.  .41 
.1.13 
.2.03 

?.o: 

.1.43 

.1.31 

.1.75 

.4.2C 

.2.11 

.93 

.2.23 

...3 

2.81 

.l.M 


.4. 

.1.6! 
.4.42 


. 

,, 


Backgammon  Rods 


dimensions  in  inches 
across  flats     length 


wt/unit 
in  pounc 


1      17%.. 

1% 17%.. 

1% 17%.. 

iy4 17%.. 


.70 
1.15 
1.60 
2.2O 


THE 


Martlet* 


PHENOLIC    RESINS 
STOCK  DIMENSIONS 


Cylinders 

and  Tubes 

cyl.  no. 

dimensions  in  inches 
o.d.                           i.d.                      length 

wt/onll 
in  pounds 

cyl.  no. 

dimensions  in  inches 
o.d.                          i.d. 

length 

wt  'unit 
in  pounds 

1 

2%  

.2      

8  V, 

73 

38  
39 

..4      
1% 

..3%  

..     8'/14  

s 

....1.97 
...      .687 

2 

»'/l4  

l.OO 

28  

3 

-.3%  

.2>/.  

8%  

90 
....1.75 

4O  sq.. 

1  1/,  ... 

..   y,  

..    •      

641 

46  
50  
S3  
56 

..l'/i  
..2%  
..2      

..   V,  

..l'Vl4  

..!'%»  
'ml  sq. 

.i        . 

17  ft 

4 

jy 

.2      

.    9%  

1.05 

..    8'/,  
..12%  

97 
94 
72 

IV 

•  %  

75 

6  
7  fl  

9  

..3     
..3Vu  
..3V1*  
..3Vu  
2V» 

.2Vi«.... 
.2%  

.a%  
.a%  

6VJ4  
t'At  

'.'.'.'.'.  8%*!.'!!! 

9     

SO 
....1.00 

1.50 
94 

57  fa  ** 

-y 

y»xl  sq. 

,8S 

58  sq..  .  . 

I7/* 

83 

61  

1M/I4 

Vl4 

9O 

2%  

8     

62 

62 

2S/I4 

2 

.49 

11   

..2'y..  

3Vi 

.2%  
3%  

9%  

....1.17 

63 

83 

64  
65       .    ... 

..iyi4  

..4     

..     "/14  

..27/i  

..          '/,  

19 
2.4O 

13  
14  

..l"At  
..3'At  

.ltf».... 

.'";;  8Vi":"; 

M4 

1.60 
1  42 

67  

..3%x3  iq... 

..2%  

....2.85 

IS  

1% 

%  

56 

68  
69  
7O  

..3"/l4  

..sy4  

..4»/i  

..3'/14  

..3'/,  
..31/.  

..    9%  
..    9      

....7.1 
....2.68 

17 

3     

.iy,  

.    8%  

....2.OO 

3 

ay« 

ay,    

SO 

19 

3     

.2VJ6.... 

8%  

71 

71  
72  
73 

..8%  
..3V,  
35/« 

..6'/j  

..ay§  

3  '/i 

..    8V,  
..    9Vt  

7 

....7.00 
2.26 
.90 

20  sq  

..2y4  

..2%  

.a%  
.1%  

10    

9      

....1.87 
....1.35 

22 

3 

iy,  

9      

....1.87 

74  
73  

..l>/4  
..VAt  

..  y.  
..iy,  

..12     
..    5V,  

....1.05 
328 

24  oc  
23  

..2%  
..3VJ  

.1  "/!«... 

.2     

9     
8V,  

....1.36 
....2.57 

26  oc  
27  

..3%  
..2'/i  

.2Vi».... 

.1'VU... 

8V,  
9      
HI  A 

....2.20 
....  1  .06 

•  A 

77  
78  

..2%  

..3'/14  

..1%  

..4      

.  .     6Vl4  

..    8      

6O 
....2.86 

2  >  oc  

•'y             

87 

79  

..    '/•  

..     J/I4  

3% 

10 

31  
37... 

..2'/j  

.IV,      

10     
.    8      , 

....1.52 

.    .98 

BO  
81  

..2'/l4  

...I7/.  

..IV,  

.  ..1'/I4  

..    7      
..    7      

62 
48 

sq.  =  square  oc  =  octagonal  fl  =  fluted  sc  =  scalloped 


**  sq.  hole  arr.  diagonally 


Octagonal  Rods 

size 

length                  wf/unit 
inches               in  pounds 

•V,  In  
•Vi  In  
•'/•In  
'36  llgne. 
45  llgne. 
tSS  llgne. 
60  ligne. 
t§0  llgne. 

.12      
.14V,  
.20V,  
.20     
.20      
.20      
.20      
.20      

.117 
.232 
.612 
.492 
.836 
1.285 
1.63 
2.70O 

'across  flats  lacross  corners 


:our-Leaf  Clover   Rods 


size 


length 
inches 


wt    unit 
in  pounds 


JO  ligne 
27  ligne 
34  llgne 
60  ligne 
73  llgne 

Note:  40  ligne   -  -    1  inch 


12       ......  092 

1?'«  ......  162 

16%  ......  336 

15  .....     l.OO 

16  .....     1.39 


Half  Round  Rods 

dimensions 

in  inches 

wf  'unit 

diameter 

length 

in  pounds 

%  

..    9%. 

067 

'/•  

..14%. 

21 

i    

.  .  1  1  y§  . 

22 

1%  

..12      . 

375 

1V4  

..12V,. 

7O 

2»/t  

..16%. 

1.63 

Three  Point  Rods 

length 

wt/unit 

size 

inches 

in  pounds 

2O  ligne 

...12.... 

..       .103 

23  ligne. 

12  

..       .16 

30  ligne 

...16.... 

..       .311 

36  ligne 

...13.... 

..       .383 

45  ligne. 

...20.... 

..       .83 

35  llgne 

...2O.... 

..     1.27 

70  ligne 

...2O.... 

..    2.14 

80  llgne. 

....2O  

..    2.7 

100  llgne 

...20.... 

..    4.27 

Hexagonal   Rods 


dimensions  in  inches  wt  'unit 

across  flats         length          in  pounds 

V, 12      .123 

'/. 16      365 

y,..  ..16      381 


T/4  ........    9V*  ........  60 

2      ........  20     .......    3.20 


Oval  Rods 

^^^^^^^™^^^~~ 

dimensions  in 

inches 

wt    unit 

size 

length 

in  pounds 

v,xy4  

.  .    7  r/i  .  . 

...       .12 

ivMxiy4.. 

..16     .. 

.  ..       .80 

y§x  i  '/«.... 

..IS     .. 

.  ..       .61 

lx2V«. 

.  1  O'/4  .  . 

.  ..       .97 

1  Vl4x1'/J.  . 

.  .  16 

.  ..     l.OO 

1  7/t6x27/l4. 

.  .  16 

.  ..    2.03 

l%xl%... 

..16     .. 

.  ..     1.40 

l'/,x2'/j... 

..16     .. 

...    2.25 

Ix17/i  

..16     .. 

.  ..     1.4 

i"/ux4yI. 

..16      .. 

.  ..    4.37 

1  VlJX  1  J  Vl3 

.  .  16 

...     1.32 

length 


v, 

y. 

1%.... 

IV,.... 

2 


....12 098 

....16      238 

....    8'/. 23 

..16      .  .612 


16 


1.88 


Marlilrtti-    -In-i'ls    of    varinn- 

i-lii-il  |)latr  (tla--.  H\  thi- 
iiii-llnxl  a  -iniMitM  anil  liichU 
iini-lifil  -nrf.ne-  -iniilar  In  thai 
of  tin-  L-l.i--  i>  prndurnl  on 
lintll  -iilr-  of  tin-  'hr.-t-.  v»liirll 
rlmiin.ili--  tin- 
nit  tin-Ill. 


THE 


PLASTIC 


PHENOLIC  RESINS 


Plywood   Adhesives 

resin  #440  is  a  thermosettirig  plywood  glue  which  will  set  at  temperature 
of  300°  F.  under  pressure  of  200  Ibs.  per  square  inch,  in  six  to  twelve  min- 
utes, according  to  the  thickness  of  the  wood. 

resin  #439  is  a  cold  setting  plywood  glue.  When  mixed  with  4%  of  our 
Hardener  #342,  it  will  set  in  2  days.  Use  of  low  heat  will  hasten  the  process 
considerably. 

resin  #488  is  a  low  temperature  setting  plywood  glue.  When  used  with  4% 
of  our  Hardener,  this  resin  will  set  at  200°  F.  in  15  minntes. 


Bristle  Setting  Resins  for  paint,  shaving,  and  nylon  brushes 

We  furnish  a  resin  of  the  proper  viscosity  which  penetrates  to  the  desired 
depth  and  forms  a  backing  in  a  single  operation.  These  resins  are  ready  for 
use  as  delivered. 

Marblette  bristle  cement  is  chemical  proof  and  is  resistive  to  all  paint  sol- 
vents. It  has  a  curing  time  of  3  hours  for  natural  bristles  and  an  overnight 
cure  for  nylon  bristles. 


Bonding  Resin  for  brake  linings 

resin  #220  is  a  liquid  resin  and  is  used  as  an  impregnating  resin  for  woven 
linings  as  well  as  a  bonding  agent  for  asbestos  fibre.  This  resin  will  impart 
great  toughness  and  resistance  to  brake  linings. 

The  impregnated  fabric  or  fibre  requires  a  baking  temperature  between 
300°  to  400°  F.  This  resin  contains  no  solvents  and  can  be  furnished  in  any 
viscosity  required,  also  regular  or  flexible  types. 


Low  Pressure  Laminating  Resin 

Marblette  Resin  #1389  produces  a  tough  smooth  bond  which  is  resistant  to 
water,  oil  and  chemicals.  This  resin  should  be  mixed  with  Hardener  #342. 
Pressure  below  300  psi  and  heat  of  200° -250°  F.  will  produce  a  tough  bond 
in  5  to  15  minutes.  This  resin  may  be  used  with  fiberglas  cloth,  paper  and 
cotton  cloth. 


Resin  Cements  for  metal,  glass  and  porcelain 

resin  #55  produces  an  excellent  bond.  After  the  pieces  have  been  cemented 
together,  they  should  be  put  in  an  oven  at  a  temperature  of  200°  F.  for 
three  hours  and  then  baked  an  additional  three  hours  at  250°  F. 

When  mixed  with  Hardener  #342  this  cement  is  cold  setting.  A  fairly  good 
bond  is  reached  within  8  hours.  A  tough  bond  requires  3  days  for  setting  at 
room  temperature. 


THE 


PLASTIC 


'HENOLIC  RESINS 


Resins  for  casting  forming  dies  and  tools 

resin  #69  is  of  low  viscosity  and  high  stability.  This  resin  when  mixed 
with  our  Hardener  #342,  cures  in  approximately  four  hours  at  tempera- 
ture of  168°  F.  and  produces  castings  of  excellent  impact  and  compressive 
strength.  It  is  white  in  color  when  hardened.  This  resin  can  he  widely  used 
in  the  development  of  punch  press  and  mating  dies,  drill  and  assembly  jigs, 
form  blocks,  rubber  press  dies  and  many  other  uses. 


Laminating  Varnishes 

varnish  ~  L50-47  is  used  for  impregnating  paper  and  fabric.  After  applying 
the  solution  the  paper  or  fabric  is  dried  at  180°  F.  to  drive  off  the  solvent 
and  prepare  it  for  pressing.  Several  layers  are  built  up  and  pressed  at  about 
300°  F.  and  1000  PSI  for  five  to  twenty  minutes  depending  upon  the  amount 
of  layers  used. 

Varnish  V50-488  is  a  new  development  and  is  used  for  laminating  paper 
and  fabric  by  means  of  low  pressure  (100-200  PSI). 


Insulating  Varnishes 

varnish  -•  V50-1047  is  used  for  impregnating  of  coils,  cables  and  resistors. 
M.I rl >li -Hi-  varnish  will  improve  the  electrical  insulating  and  corrosion 
rr>i<ting  properties.  The  dipping  method  should  be  applied.  Curing  time  is 
one  hour  at  168°  F.  and  4  hours  at  250°  F.  For  higher  insulation  value  a 
redippiiig  is  recommended. 


Metal  Casting  Sealing  Resins 

resin  50-2047  is  used  for  the  sealing  of  fine  porosity  in  metal  castings. 
These  pores  should  be  filled  with  our  Resin  by  use  of  pressure.  After  the 
rc»in  lias  been  poured  out,  the  castings  should  be  baked  one  to  two  hours 
at  temperature  of  175°  F.  and  then  two  to  five  hours  at  275°  F.  Marblette 
resin  may  be  used  for  castings  made  of  nickel,  aluminum,  bronze  and  brass. 


Clear  Phenolic  Lacquer 

lacquer  -L40-148  is  of  the  heat  hardening  type  and  provides  an  excellent 
inrial  coating,  prevents  moisture  absorption  and  corrosion,  and  is  not 
affected  by  chemical  solvents.  Our  Lacquer  contains  approximately  40% 
oolid  contents  and  should  be  reduced  with  our  Special  Thinner  to  18% 
solids  for  dipping  and  12%  solids  for  spraying.  Baking  tinu-  is  35  minutes 
..i  :.'tO°  F.  or  1")  minutes  at  350°  F. 


THE 


THE 


WILL  HELP  PLAN  YOUR 
PLASTIC  WORLD  OF  TOMORROW 


The  Marbleltc  staff  of  competent  de- 
signers and  engineers  offers  its  services 
and  counsel  to  help  solve  your  prob- 
lems. Years  of  extensive  experience  with 
all  types  of  production  problems  have 
qualified  them  to  assist  you  in  success- 
fully utilizing  Marblette  for  your 
product. 

Our  research  chemists  are  constantly- 
solving  production  problems  involving 
liquid  resins  and  are  available  and 
eager  at  all  times  to  assist  in  the 
solution  of  your  problems  or  to  offer 
their  wide  knowledge  and  experience 
in  the  development  of  liquid  resins 
for  new  application. 

MANUFACTURERS      OF      PHENOLIC      RESINS      SINCE      1929 


THE  MARBLETTE  CORPORATION 

37-21  Thirtieth  St.,  Long  Island  City  1,  New  York 


BRANCH    OFFICES 
Chicago  Los  Angeles 

Portland  Toronto 


Seattle 
Havana 


TEXJOLITE  (General  Electric  Company) 

Available  in  molded  parts. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 


GRADE  74 
2.0 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Compressive  strength  (psl) 1  2,000 — 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 6,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.35—0.50 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 20 

Rockwell  hardness M75 — M80 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~5) 1.4 

Top  operating  temperature  i  F) 450 

Softening  point  (  F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (  F) -400 

Burning  rate Very  low 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  [Cold  Molded]  Cont. 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  W  Ink,  25  "C  stepwls*. . .  .40— 80 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  rang* Black,  Brown 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  Immersion  48  tin.) 2—4 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualiKei Portj  somewhat  limited  In  Intricacy 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Fair 

Effect  on  melal  Inserts Certain  types  are  cof rosive 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  In  most  solvents;  resistant  to  water,  mineral  oils,  weak  acids; 
attacked  by  alkalies  and  strong  acids. 


,  Refractory  Types 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

HEM/7*  (Garfield  Manufacturing  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Heat,  flame  and  arc  resistance;  strength. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Third  rail  insulators,  arc  shields,  heavy  duty  switch  bases. 


Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity ." 1.80 — 1.90 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1 5.4 — 1 4.5 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 6,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 2,000 — 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.4 

Rockwell  hardness M35 — M65 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  stepwise 50 — 75 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.5 — 15 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  ('  ,  ) Opaque 

Color  range Gray  and  Black 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) \  ,300 


Burning  rate. 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Fair  to  Good 

Molding  methods Cold 

Machining  qualities Poor 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Reacts  slightly  to  weak  acids;  inert  to  alkalies  and  organic  solvents; 
decomposes  in  strong  acids. 


JEXTOLITE  (General  Electric  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Heat,  flame  and  arc  resistance;  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Rheostat  bases,  arc  deflectors.  Indicated  uses:  Parts  requiring  heat  and  arc  resistance  and  not  requiring  high 
dielectric  strength  and  low  water  absorption. 


Available  in  molded  parts. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 


.2.0—2.2 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 16 — 20,000 

Flexural  strength 3,000 — 6,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  llzodl 50— .60 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 30 

Rockwell  hardness 80 — 90 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) Variable 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) Mole  1 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) Note  1 

Dielectric  constant  (10«  cycles) Note  1 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per    C  X  10-') 0.8 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F)  (Note  2) 700 

Softening  point  ("0 +2200 

Distortion  under  heat  (  F) 

Burning  rote 


STABILITY 

Tendency  to  flow  cold. 


Water  absorption  ! 
Effect  of  age.  . . . 
Effect  of  sunlight . 


after  immersion  48  hrs.l 1  2 — I  5 


.Gray 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods  applicable Compressor 

Machining  qualilie. fair 

Effect  on  metal  Inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  In  oil  organic  solvents;  resistant  to  water,  oJh.  most  solvents 
and  alkalies;  attacked  by  acids. 


M  \KCII   194.") 


PI,  AST  MI'S 


203 


LAMINATED  PLASTICS 


There  is  a  wide  variation  of  possible  values  for  the  laminated  plastics.  By  making  the  "sandwich"  material 
paper,  fine  or  coarse-woven  cotton,  asbestos  or  Fibreglas,  and  varying  the  nature  and  amount  of  the  resin 
binder,  laminates  can  be  formulated  to  numbers  of  specifications.  There  are,  however,  certain  grades  which 
have  been  standardized  according  to  specifications  of  the  National  Association  of  Electrical  Manufacturers 
(NEMA),  and  most  laminators  meet  or  surpass  these  specifications.  Grades  LE,  XXP,  etc.,  in  the  tables,  are 
NEMA  designations  of  standard  grades;  special  grades  are  so  indicated.  The  outstanding  qualities  and 
typical  uses  indicated  are  those  of  the  particular  grade  whose  properties  are  given. 

ALLYL  ALCOHOLS 

TYPE:  Thermoserting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   High  strength-weight  ratio,  abrasion   resistance,  ease  of  forming. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Aircraft  fairings,  fuel  and  other  tanks,  wing  tips,  doors;  first  aid  kits. 


MARCO-UTE  (Continental  Can  Company,  Inc.) 

Available  in  sheet. 

FIBERGLAS  FIBERGLAS 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  ^CROSSED^' 

Specific  gravity 1.66 — 1.80  1.70 — 1.80 

Grams  per  cu.  in 27.1 — 29.4  26.2 — 29.4 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength 30,000 — 40,000      35,000 — 45,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 60,000 — 70,000  58,000 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 30,000—40,000  38,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

notch  in.  Izod) 30 — 50  25 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 0s) 1 ,750,000  2,000,000— 

2,300,000 

Elongation  (' , ) 2.9  2.5 

Shear  strength 1  8,000  20,000 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  10  Ml  10 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (10~s  per  °C) 1.3 — 2.2  1.0 — 2.6 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 320  320 

Burning  rate  (per  in.) 0.36  0.3 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption 0.3 — 0.6  0.3 — 0.6 


COTTON 
4-OZ.  MUSLIN 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  CROSSED 

Specific  gravity 1 .40 — 1 .48 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.6 — 24.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500—1  2,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 32,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

notch  in.  Izod) 2.9 — 3.4 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 03) 1 ,000,000 

Elongation  (%) 3.7—5.0 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1  2,000 

Rockwell  hardness M92 

STABILITY 

Water  sbsorption 0.5 — 1.2 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Burning  rate  (per  in.) 0.44 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  Qualities 


PAPER 

KRAFT 

CROSSED 

1.4 
22.6 


1  3,000 
34,000 
19,000 

0.9—1.0 

1,000,000 

2.2 

11,000 
M93 


3.0—5.0 


0.35 


.Good 


ANILINE  FORMALDEHYDES 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Electrical  stability,  high  dielectric  strength,  resistance  to  moisture,  good  mechanical  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Coil  forms,  jack  pile-ups,  antenna  housings,  stator  insulation,  terminal  blocks. 


DILECTENE  (Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Co.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.21 

Grams  per  cu.  in 20.7 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 10,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 18,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.35 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 6.5 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  1  5 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil,  80    F)  short  time 600 

sfepwise 400 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °F  X   1 0"') 30 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 210 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water  absorption  C^-,  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.08 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Slightly  attacked  by  weak  acids;  decomposed  by  strong  acids;  un- 
affected by  sodium  hydroxide  up  to  25%;  insoluble  in  common  organic 
solvents;  resistant  to  aromatic  hydrocarbons  and  alcohols. 


204 


PI..ASTI  CS 


MARCH  1945 


LIGNINS 


[Laminates]  Cont. 


TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  dielectric  strength,  arc  resistance  and  strength-weight  ratio,  low  moisture  absorption. 

TYPICAL   USES:  Switchboards,  terminal  blocks,  electrical  insulation  forms,  templates,  foundry  pattern  plates,  name  plates. 


LIGNOLITE  (Marathon  Corp.,  Chemical  Div.) 

Available  in  sheet. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  NO. 

Specific  gravity 1 .40 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.65 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psil 7,500 — 1  2,000 

Compreuive  strength  (psi) 25,000 — 35,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 6,000 — 20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 1 .0 — 1 .4 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  04 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  Fl 1  58 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption,  J^-1  •>"  thk.  ('  [  after  immersion  24  hrs.).4.5 — 0.70 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  rim.,  >  ,c  in. 700 — 900 

',  In. 550—700 

Win. 500—700 

stepwise.  HI  In. 450—650 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) '  -  in. 550 — 600 

if  In. 350—500 

Dielectric  constant  (10"  cycles! 4.40 

Power  factor  (10"  cycles) 0.037 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  alkalies  and  strong  oxidizing  acids;  slight  to 
no  reaction  to  weak  adds;  reaction  to  different  weak  alkalies  varies; 
reacts  to  alcohols  and  esters. 


MELAMINE  FORMALDEHYDES 


TYPE.  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  flame  and  heat  resistance  and  arc  resistance. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Circuit  breaker  and  switchboard  panels.  Also  other  arc  and  flame  resistant  applications. 


FORMICA  (The  Formica  Insulation  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  and  tube. 

GRADE  F-55 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  RBREGUS 

Specific  gravity 1 .95 

Grams  per  cu.  in 3 1 .9 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  I  psi) 25,000 


Compresslve  strength  (psi)  face 55,000 

side 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi)  face 30,000 

side 40,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  face,  side 12 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil,  parallel  to  lam.,  short  lime) 8,000 

Arc  resistance  (seconds) 185 


PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDES 


TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  flame  and  heat  resistance,  moisture  resistance. 

TYPICAL  USES.   Low  voltage  parts. 

Asbestos  Base 


SYNTHANE  (Synthane  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  AA. 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6000 

Compressive   strength  (psi) 35,000 

Rexual  strength  (psi) 1 5,000 

Impact  strength 2.5 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mils)  short  lime  ...................  50 

stepwise  .....................  30 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles)  .............................  7.5 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles)  ................................  150 

Dielectric  loss  factor  (10*  eyelet)  ...........................  1.12 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ( 


after  immersion  24  hrs.)  .................  1.5 


Cloth  Base — Grade  LE 

OUTSTAND/NG  QUALITIES:  Moisture  resistances,  insulating  power,  toughness. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Aircraft  instrument  panels  and  electrical  system  insulation;  distributor  breakers,  rotary  pump  parts. 


FORMICA    (The   Formica    Insulation    Company) 

Available  in  sheet. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

SpeciBc  gravity 1.36 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 19,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  flatwise 1.8 

edgewise 1.0 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  In  organic  solvents;  resistant  to  mild  acids  and  water. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 500 

stepwise 300 

Dielectric  constant  (10«  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  (10*  eyries) 045 

Dielectric  loss  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.22 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Natural  and  block 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  IF) 215 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion  24  hr»J 1.2 


MARCH   1945 


TOe  —-    co 

--  • 


Sales  and  Executive  Offices: 
135  S.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago  3,  Illinois 

Pulp  and  Paper  Mills 
Munising,  Michigan 


[Laminates]  Cont. 


LAMICOID  (Mica  Insulator  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tub*. 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 


SHEET 


Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 

Compreuive  strength  (pii) 37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 9,000 


ROLLED  TUBE 

5,000 
1 1,000 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES                      SHEET  ROLLED  TUBE 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 360  1 50 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 5.0  ... 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 045  . . . 

Loss  factor  ( 1 0"  cycles) 0.22 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after 
immersion    24  hrs.) 1 .2 4.5 


PHENOL  FIBRE  (Taylor  Fibre  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  fabricated  parts. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (ps!) 8,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  9,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)   short  time 500 

stepwise 300 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0"  cycles) 5.0 

Dielectric  loss  factor 0.22 

Power  factor  (10"  cycles) .  0.045 


.0.90 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  C/i  after  immersion  24  hra.) 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Black.  Brown 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities. . . . 


.Good 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  most  solvents;  slightly  affected  by  moderate  concentrations 
of  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric  acids;  resistant  to  almost  all  organic  addt 
and  oils. 


PHENOLITE  (National  Vulcanized  Fibre  Co.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  fabricated  parts, 

MECHANICAL    PROPERTIES                 MOLDED  TUBE  SHEET 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 7,500  9,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 22,000  37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) I  9,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 1.5 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 250  500 

Dielectric  constant  ( I 0s  cycles) 5.0  5.0 

Power  factor  ( 1  O3  cycles) 045  .045 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature    (F). 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  i'  ,   after 

immersion  24  hrs.) 0.95 


250 


1.2 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Excellent  Excellent 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Natural,  Block      Natural,  Block 


TEXTOLITE  (General  Electric  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 10,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 30,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 20,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 500 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  (%) Opaque 

Color  range Black;  Natural 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (r'c  after  Immersion  24  hrs.) OJ 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Abrasive  on  tools 


SYNTHANE  (Synthane  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 9,000 

Impact  strength 1 .8 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 500 

stepwise 300 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  ( 1 0"  cycles) 045 

Dielectric  loss  factor  ( I  0'  cycles) 22 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range 


Natural  and  Black 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.). 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities 


.1.2 


.Excellent 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  chlorine,  alkalies,  bromine,  1  0'  ,  phenol,  1  0%  hydro- 
chloric acid,  nitric  add,  15%  sulfuric  acid;  slightly  discolored 
but  otherwise  not  affected  by  common  metallic  salts  up  to  1  80  F. 


Grade  C — Cloth  Base  (Coarse  Weave) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Excellent  impact  strength,  resiliency. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Gears,  pinions. 


PHENOL  FIBRE  (Taylor  Fibre  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  fabricated  parts. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 9,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 28,000 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 20,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 200 

stepwise 1 20 

Dielectric  constant  (1 0«  cycles) 7.0 

Dielectric  loss  factor 0.70 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cycles) 0.10 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,',  after  Immersion  24  hrs.) 1.7 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Block,  Brown 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  In  most  solvents)  slightly  affected  by  moderate  concentrations 
of  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric  acids;  resistant  to  almost  all  organic  ocidi 


and  oils. 


MARCH  194.") 


I'LASTtl  'S 


207 


MICARTA  (Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co.) 

Available  in  plates,  angles,  rods,  etc. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 


GRADE  262 
..1.38 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 11 ,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 40,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  in.)  unnotched  bar  (Charpy) 

flatwise 1 5.5—1 5.8 

edgewise 1  1.7—1 2.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10«) 1 

Shear  strength 11 ,000 

Rockwell  hardness .  .Ml 02 


[Laminates]  Cont. 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  262 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 1  50 

stepwise 1  25 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 O6  cycles) 5.8 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 6.6 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index Opaque 

Color  range Tan 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 212 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (r[  after  immersion  24  hrs.)  %,  in.  thick 4.5 

1  >  in.  thick 1.2 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  quality Good 


Grade  CE  Cloth  Base  (Coarse  Weave) 
PHENOL  FIBRE  (Taylor  Fibre  Company) 

OUTSTANDING    QUALITIES:  Excellent   electrical    properties,   toughness,   moisture    resistance. 

INDICATED  USES:  Electrical  applications  requiring  toughness;  mechanical  applications  requiring   greater  moisture  re- 
sistance than  Grade  C  affords. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 36,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 9,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  A' thk.       .Vthk. 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)   short  time 500  360 

stepwise 300  220 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 5.5 


Power  factor  (10«  cycles)  ................................  0.055 

Loss  factor  .............................................  0.30 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ( 


A"  thk.       '  /  thk. 

after  immersion  24  hrs.)  .....  1.5  1.25 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities  .....................................  Good 


Other  Cloth  Base  Grades 
INSUROK  (The  Richardson  Company) 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING   QUALITIES:   Dimensional   stability,   high   mechanical   and   dielectric  strength;   capacity  for   punching   of 
intricate  parts. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Fine  pitched  gears;  parts  with  holes  close  to  edge. 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  T-689 

Specific  gravity 1.33 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21.7 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 5,550 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 40,1 00 

Flexural  strength  (psi  lengthwise) 21,200 

Impact  strength  (Charpy  unnotched  4  in.  centers)  (average,  all 

directions) 6.1 

Rockwell  hardness 115 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 


GRADE  T-689 


Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 560 

stepwise 355 

Dielectric  constant 4.85 

Power  factor 0.04 

Loss  factor 0.1 95 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow  ( 1 20°  F,  24  hrs.,  4,000  psi  %) 0.35 

Water  absorption  (%  \fa  thk.) 1.75 

(%'»*"«.) 


MICARTA  "444"  (Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manufacturing  Co.) 

OI/TS7AND/NG  QUALITIES:   Capacity  for  post-forming,  low  cost. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Trim  tab  fairings,  accumulator  covers,  flight  chart  cases,  tail  wheel  housings,  machine  gun  ammunition  feeds 
and  ejection  chutes. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .37 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 11 ,000—1  3,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  flatwise 33,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  6,000 — 1  9,000 

Impact  strength  (Izod)  flatwise 2.3 — 2.9 

edgewise 0.7 — 1.3 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10*) 0.9 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 240 

stepwise 1 30 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index Opaque 

Color  range Tan,  Dark  Green 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  quality Good 

Molding  methods Mot  Forming 

Machining  qualities Good 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~«) 31 

Thermal  activity  (sec/°C/$q  cm/cm  X  1 0~4) 6.1 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.4 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (c/0  aft«r  immersion  24  hrs.) 6.0 


Notei  Values  ar«  for  tan  product,  maximum*  and  minimum!  being  values  with  and  across  grain. 


w»m  A 


t  f* 


MARCH    1945 


^/v  vyww 

^^  j*-^^\± 

EXPERIENCE 

^ 

has  taught  us  not  to  GUESS! 


We  don't  believe  in  guesswork  when  we  tackle  a  molding 
problem  at  Watertown.  Our  new  laboratory  is  completely 
equipped  to  furnish  exact  answers  and  tested  results. 

When  you  consult  Watertown  engineers  about  your  plastics 
problems,  you  know  that  you  will  receive  expert  advice 
ind  a  complete  and  well-rounded  service.  For  30  years, 
•ve  have  been  molding  difficult  and  intricate  shapes  to 
exacting  specifications.  Our  experience  has  developed  spe- 
cialized techniques  in  producing  parts  that  will  meet  every 
test  imposed 


Send  for  the  new  "Watertown 
Book  of  Plastics."  Write  to 
Department  CThe  Watertown 
Manufacturing  Company, 
Watertown,  Connecticut 


Watertown  service  includes  every  detail  ot  plastics  manu- 
facture from  making  basic  resins  and  Neillite*  to  final 
buffing,  polishing  and  assembly.  We  design  and  make  our 
own  molds  for  handling  all  thermoplastic  and  thermo- 
setting  materials  by  injection,  compression  and  transfer 
molding.  Basic  materials  and  molded  shapes  are  tested 
for  performance.  a  •  • 

Consult  our  engineers  for  plastics  shapes  that  will  meet  the 
test  of  actual  performance.  Be  sure  your  plastics  parts  are 
engineered  from  the  right  materials,  correctly  designed, 
molded  to  exact  specifications  .  .  .  tested  for  service.  The 
Watertown  Manufacturing  Company,  416  Echo  Lake  Road, 
Watertown,  Connecticut.  Branch  Office-Cleveland.  Sales 
Offices-New  York,  Chicago,  Detroit,  Milwaukee  and  in 
Hawaii. 

*Watertown's  own  phenolic  compounds. 


NAMI      AS      OlD      AS      THE      PLASTICS      INDU1TIT 


Fibre  Glass  Base 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Dielectric  strength,  resistance  to  heat. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Motor  slot  wedges. 


[Laminates]  Cont. 


FORMICA    (The   Formica    Insulation    Company) 

Available  in  sheet, 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  .  GRADE  FF-10 

Specific  gravity .*. 1 .6 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 11 ,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 9,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  Flatwise 8.5 

Edgewise 4.4 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  FF-IO 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 300 

stepwise 200 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0r'  cycles) 5 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) .028 

toss  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.14 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.9 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  organic  solvents;  breaks  down  on  continuous  use  in  water. 


VALINITE  (Virginia-Lincoln  Corporation) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   High  strength-weight  ratio,  flexural  strength. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Aircraft  structural  parts. 
MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 


Tensile  strength  (psi] 40,000 

Compression  strength  (psi) 35,000 


Flexural  strength  (psi) 60,000 

Rockwell  hardnes M50— M60 


Grade  XXP — Paper  Base 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  dielectric,  mechanical  strength;  suitability  for  hot  punching;  high  strength-weight  ratio. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Insulation  for  radio  and  electronic  equipment. 


FORMICA    (The   Formica    Insulation    Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod  and  tube. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.36 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 6,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  edgewise 40 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 700 

stepwise 500 

Dielectric  constant  (10"  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  (10''  cycles) 040 

Dielectric  loss  factor  (10''  cycles) 20 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  Immersion  24  hrs.) 1 .3 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  organic  solvents,  resistant  to  mild  acids  and  salt  solutions. 


LAMITEX  (Franklin  Fibre-Lamitex  Corp.) 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 5,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 700 

stepwise 500 


Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0'"  cycles) 4.2 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 3.0 

Loss  factor  ( 1 0«  cycles) 1 2.0 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.0 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 


PHENOL  FIBRE  (Taylor  Fibre  Company) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 6,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 700 

stepwise 500 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.040 

Dielectric  loss  factor 0.20 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index Opaque 

Color  range Block,  Brown 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.3 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  most  solvents;  slightly  affected  by  moderate  concentrations 
of  sulfuric  and  hydrochloric  acids;  resistant  to  almost  all  organic  acids 
and  oils. 


One  of  our  many  preparations  for  the  manufacture  of  Valintite  was  the  con- 
struction of  a  modern,  streamlined  factory.  Built  to  suit  the  production  needs  of 
the  revolutionary  new  material  "from  the  ground  up",  this  new  plant  has  sim- 
plified production  problems  and  offered  something  new  in  ideal  working  condi- 
tions. Specialized  equipment,  ingenuity,  new  thinking  and  concepts — all  have 
gone  into  turning  out  this  NEWER  low-pressure  moulded  reinforced  plastic  that 
fits  any  plastic  construction  job. 

Today,  we  are  working  at  top  speed  for  war  .  .  .  but  we  are  making  every  spare 
moment  count  by  filling  it  with  study  of  tomorrow's  possible  production  problems 
and  plans  for  their  solution.  After  Victory,  Valinite  .  .  .  our  factory  .  .  .  and  our 
personnel  .  .  .  will  be  geared  and  ready  for  a  speedy  turnover  to  the  production  of 
plastic  structures  of  every  size  and  shape  for  hundreds  of  peacetime  products. 
Keep  your  mind  on  Valinite — the  new  material  for  the  new  tomorrow. 


MG.  U.  S.  PAT.  OFF. 


DIVISION      OF 


VIRGINIA-LINCOLN     CORPORATION 
MARION.     VIRGINIA 


SPAULDITE  (Spaulding  Fibre  Company) 

Available  in  sheet. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1  2,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 31 ,000 


[Laminates]  Cont. 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  Edgewise,  Lengthwise .  .  0.45 

Crosswise.  .  .0.40 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  constant  (1  O6  cycles) 4.6 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 032 

Loss  factor  (1  O6  cycles) 0.1  5 


SYNTHANE  (Synthane  Corporation) 


Available  in:  sheet,  rod,  tube. 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength   (psi) 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  6,000 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 700 

stepwise 500 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 040 

Dielectric  loss  factor  ( 1  O6  cycles) 20 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ['  \  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.3 


Other  Paper  Base  Grades 
CONSOWELD  (Consolidated  Water  Power  &  Paper  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   High  strength,  suitability  for  low  pressure  molding. 
TYPICAL  USES:   Panels,  molded  shapes,  composite  construction. 

Available  in  mat,  panel. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 


GRADE  CPS 
WP11 

Specific  gravity 1.38 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.6 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 26,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 25,000 

Impact   strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  flatwise 4.00 

edgewise 0.65 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 2.2 


GRADE  CPS 

WP11 
Shear  strength  (psi) 1  6,000 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Natural,  Black,  Olive  Drab 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 250 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,',  unsealed  edges)  Cv  after  immersion 

24  hr..) 2.0—3.5 


DILECTO  (Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Company) 

OUTSTANDING   QUALITIES:   Low   power  loss,  stable   electrical   properties   under  severe   condition?. 
TYPICAL  USES:   Insulating  parts  of  radio  circuits. 

Available  in  sheet. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 


GRADE   XPLW 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 30,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 20,000 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  XPLW 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 600 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 4.00 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 026 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ',  after  immersion  24  hrs.) .0.75 


KIMPREG  (Kimberly-Clark  Corporation)  * 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Strength,  resistance  to  moisture,  weathering  and  chemical  action. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Surfacing  plywood.  Indicated  uses:  Lining  refrigerator  cars,  kitchen  cabinets,  boxes,  trunks,  table  tops, 

pre-fabricated  house  walls,  floors,  partitions,  etc. 
Available  in  sheet. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 


WITH   GRAIN         CROSS  GRAIN 

Specific  gravity 1 .39  1 .39 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 8,000  1  4,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 32,800  32,800 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 17,200  15,200 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

notch  in.)  (Izod)  flatwise 2.56  1.56 

edgewise 0.58  0.56 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 16  11.5 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1 2,000  1  2,000 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  27.4  Ml  27.4 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 250  250 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES  WITH  GRAIN      CROSS  GRAIN 

Color  range Olive  Drab;  Indicated:  Unlimited  possibilities 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (Btu/sq.  ft./hr./ 
°F/inJ 


.1.4—2.3 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (^  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.6 


1.4—2.3 


1.6 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  weak  acids  and  inorganic  weak  alkalies,  alcohols,  hydro- 
carbons, mineral,  vegetable  and  animal  oils;  good  resistance  to 
ketones,  acetones  and  esters. 


•  Thij  is  in  effect  a  new  fype  of  material  which  we  are  designating  by  the  term  "Surface  laminate." 


212 


PC.ASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


ADVANCE  MOLDING  CORP 

INJECTION       MOLDING       SPECIALISTS 


«    fln   thermoplastics 
custom   molding   of    •« 

,  .,  long  experience 


M  VKCH    1947, 


54  WEST  21sr  STREET  •  NEW  YORK  10,  N.  Y. 

TELEPHONE    CHELSEA    1    2741 
>  I     I  v  I   I  <    s 


PANELYTE  (Panelyte  Div.,  St.  Regis  Paper  Co.)  [Laminates]  Cont. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  strength-weight  ratio,  suitability  for  molding  and  structural  applications. 
TYPICAL  USES:   Large  refrigerator,  aircraft  and  automotive  parts. 


•Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube;  Grade  270  sheet  only. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  270 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22 

Odor  (for  refrigerator  applications) None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1  6,200 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  flat,  with  grain 45,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi)  flat,  with  grain 26,900 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibi.  per  in.)  flat,  with  grain 2.20 

edge,  with  grain 0.90 

Shear  strength  (psi)  flat,  with  grain ]  4,700 

Rockwell  hardness Mill 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  270 

Color  range Black 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °F  X   1  0~5)  with  grain 90 

across  grain 1.8 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 300 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (c,'0  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1 .50 

FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities Good 


STRUCTOMOLD  (McDonnell  Aircraft  Corp.,  Plastics  Div.) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   High  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Ammunition  box,  airplane  gunner's  seat,  airplane  turret  floor  assembly,  wing  tips,  radio  equipment  hous- 
ings. Indicated  uses:  Parts  with  compound  curvatures. 

Available  in  sheets  and  finished  parts. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .38 


"A"  100-0 
Parallel-Laminated 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 


"A"  100-0 
Parallel-laminated 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 35,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 40,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 32,000 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 0s) 30 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1 2,500 

Rockwell  hardness .  .Ml 00 


Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) 4.32  X   1  O12 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 700 

stepwise 543 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 7.00 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 01  cycles) 6.80 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 6.1  5 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) .  .  .  » 0.03 1  3 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.0)76 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.0425 

Loss  factor  (60  cycles) 0.219 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.)  unsealed  edges.. 3 — 4 

sealed  edges. . . .  1 — 2 


Note.    Grade  "A"  50-50  crois-lominafed  ihowi  tensile  strength  of  25,000,  flexjal  strength  of  26,030,  shear  streigth  of  1 1,500  and  modulus  of  elasticity  of  20  X  10*. 


Wood  Veneer  Base 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Very  high  strength  and  rigidity  in  the  direction  of  the  wood  grain,  resistant  to  warpage  and 
dimensional  change,  low  water  absorption,  high  impact  strength  and  low  notch  sensitivity. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Aircraft  propellers. 


COMPREG  (Panelyte  Div.,  St.  Regis  Paper  Co.) 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Grams  per  cu.  in 2 1 .5 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 31,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  Ibs.  'sq.  in.  flat 30,100 

edge 25,300 

end 37,100 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  flat 30,100 

edge 25,300 

end 37,100 


Flexura!  strength  (psi)  flat,  with  grain 42,600 

edge,  with  grain 37,600 

Shear  strength  (psi)  flat,  with  grain 6,790 

flat,  across  grain 1  9,580 

edge,  with  laminations 7,260 

edge,  across  laminations 1  9,450 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  in.  notch)  (Izod.)  flat,  with  grain 8.20 

edge,  with  grain ....  6.63 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 35 

Rockwell  hardness M 1  04 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  24  hrs.  immersion) 


.5.06 


PREGWOOD  (Formica  Insulation  Company) 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  11 00 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 30,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 40,000 


GRADE  1100 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  inch  notch)  (Izod)  flatwise 7.0 

edgewise 6.0 

STABILITY 


Water  absorption  (r'c  after  immersion  24  hrs.)  (test  piece  1   X  3  X' 


2.5 


Note.  All  laminations  are  parallel  in  this  type. 


214 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


PHENOL  FURFURALS  (and  FORMALDEHYDES) 


[Laminates]  Cont. 


TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Excellent  electrical  properties;  heat  and  solvent  resistance,  low  cold  flow,  tensile  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Switch  plates,  sockets,  door  knobs,  bottle  caps,  business  machine  housings. 


DURITE  (Durite  Plastics) 

Available  in  sheets. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  Cloth  Base 

Specific  gravity 1.3 — 1.36 

Grams  per  cu.  in. 21.3 — 22.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1 2,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 30,000 — 44,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  3,000 — 30,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch 

In.)  (Ixod) 1.4—1  5.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10*) 3.5—1 5 

Rockwell  hardness M70 — Ml  20 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 010 — 1 012 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil): 

Short  time 1  50 — 600 

Stepwise 1 50—400 

Dielectric  constant  (1 06  cycles) 4.5 — 7 

Power  factor  (10"  cycles) 0.02 — 0.08 


Paper  Base 

1.3—1.36 
21.3—22.2 


7,000—18,000 
20,000—40,000 
1 3,000—20,000 

0.6—7.6 

4—30 

M70 — M 1  20 


10'°— 10" 

400—1000 

250—600 

3.6—5.5 

0.02—0.08 


OPTICAL    PROPERTIES                           Cloth  Base  Paper  Base 

Light  transmission  ('  ,  ) Opaque  Opaque 

Color  range Limited  Limited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~4  col.  sec.,  cm.  °C) . .  5 — 8  5 — 8 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) ....  0.3 — 0.4  0.3—0.4 

Thermal  expansion  ( 1 0~5  per  °C) 1 .7—3.0  1  .7—2.5 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 212 — 250  212 — 250 

Softening  point  (  F) None  None 

Distortion  under  heat  (  F) 320  (Min.)  320  (Min.) 

Burning  rate Very  Low  Very  Low 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,    after  immersion 

24  hrs.) 0.3—9.0  0.3—9.0 

Effect  of  sunlight Lowers  Surface  Resistance  Lowers  Surface 

Resistance 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Limited  Limited 

Machining  qualities Fair  to  Excellent  Fair  to  Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None  None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Slightly  affected  by  weak  acids  and  alkalies;  strongly  affected   by 
strong  acids  and  alkalies;  very  little  to  slight  effect  in  organic  solvents. 


Note:     These  values  cover  both  Durite. Phenol  Furfural  and  Phenol  Formaldehyde  laminates. 


MOLDED  PLASTICS 

(Includes  sheet,  rod,  tube,  film) 

ACRYLICS  (METHYL  METHACRYLATES) 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Transparency,  light  transmission,  weather  resistance,  chemical  resistance,  low  specific  gravity 
and  water  absorption,  dielectric  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Transparent  aircraft  enclosures,  costume  jewelry,  illuminated  medical  instruments,  lenses,  demonstration 
models,  display  signs  and  fixtures,  shatter-resistant  windows,  parts  for  chemical  apparatus;  sheets:  visual  training  aids, 
safety  shields,  picture  frames.  Molded:  dairy  equipment  parts,  combs. 


LUCITE  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  rube,  and  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED 

Specific  gravity 1.17 — 1.19 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1  9.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 10,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1  0,000—1  5,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  2,000 — 1 9,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.2—0.4 

Modulus  of  elaiti;ity  (psi  X   10"') 4 

Elongation  ('  , ) 1 — 3 

Shear  strength  (pii) 7,000 — 8,000 

Rockwell  hardness Ml 02 — Ml  12 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) Over  10' ' 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 

short  time 500 

Stepwise 300 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.4—3.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 03  cycles) 3.2 — 3.4 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0"  cycles) 2.7 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 5 — 6 

Power  factor  ( 1 01  cycles) 4 — 5 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 2—3 

MARCH  1945 


SHEET 

1.18—1.20 

19.5 

None 

None 


6,000—8,000 
11,000—13,000 
13,000—16,000 

0.2—0.5 

3—5 

1—10 

9,000 

M98 


400 

4.5 
3.2 

2.7 
5.0 
4.4 
1.5 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED  SHEET 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.48—1.51  1.496 

Light  transmission  (%) 90 — 92  90 — 92 

Color  range Unlimited  Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10  4  col.  sec.,  cm.  °C).  .5 — 8 

Specific  heat  (col.  per    C  per  gram) 0.35  0.35 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1 0~s) 8 — 9 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 1  25 — 1 40  1  40  (Note  1 ) 

Distortion  under  heot  (°F) 1 50—200  1 72  (Note  2) 

Burning  rate  (in.  per  min.) Very  Slow 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after 

immersion  24  hn.) 0.3—0.6  0.3—0.6 

Effect  of  age Very  Slight  Very  Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Very  Slight  Very  Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Excellent 

Molding  methods. .  Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion  Forming 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  weak  acids,  weak  alkalies;  attacked  by  strong  acids, 
strong  alkalies;  soluble  in  lower  alcohols,  esters,  ketones,  and  carbon 
tetrochlorlde. 


Note  It   Volue  for  heat  resistant  grade  It  110.     Note  2,    Value  tor  heal  resistant 
grade  is  over  I  IS. 


I'LASTICS 


21.'. 


PLEXIGLAS  (Rohm  &  Haas  Company) 

Available  in  sheet  and  molding  powder. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED 

Specific  gravity 1.18 — 1.19 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1 9.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 


[Acrylics]  Cont. 


SHEET 

1.18 
19.5 
None 
None 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,000—5,033  5,800 — 8,800 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 0,000—1 5,000  1 3,000—1 5,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 0,000—1 5,000  1 3,000—1 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.   Ibs.   per  M.), 

unnotched  bar  (Chorpy) 3 — 5  3 — 4 

notched  bar  (Izod) 0.4 — 0.8 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 05) 3—4  3—4 

Elongation  (("() 1 — 5  min.  2 

Rockwell  hardness M70  M70 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) over  1  O1"  over  1 01  ' 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time. .  .500     short  time. .  .500 

stepwise 400     stepwise 400 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.4 — 3.6  3.4 — 3.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 3.2 — 3.4  3.2 — 3.4 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 2.5  2.5 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 5 — 6  5 — 6 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 6 — 7  5 — 6 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 2—3  2.5 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.48—1.50  1.488—1.489 

Light  transmission  ('  , ) 90 — 92  90 — 92 


MOLDED  SHEET 

Color  range Red,  amber,  yel-     Red, ruby,  amber, 

low,  green,  aqua-     yellow,   green, 
marine,  blue,  vio-     dark  green,  blue, 
let,  white  opaque,     white  translucent, 
brown  opaque,     tints, 
black    opaque, 
pastel  tints. 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~4  col.  sec., 

cm.  °C) 4—6  4—6 

Specific  heat  (col.  per  C  per 

gram) 0.35  0.35 

Thermo  I  expansion  ( per  °C  X  1 0~5) 8—9  8 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 130 — 185  130 — 1  85  (Note  1 ) 


Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1  25—1  80 

Burning  rate Very  Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water   absorption   \'~c   after  Im- 
mersion 24  hrs.) 0.6 

Effect  of  age Very  Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Very  Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Extrusion,   Injec- 
tion, Compression 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  weak  acids,  weak  alkalies;  attacked  by  strong  acids, 
strong  alkalies;  soluble  in  lower  ketones,  esters,  alcohols,  carbon 
tetrachloride. 

Note  1 .  Value  for  heat  resistant  grade  ii  1  80.    Note  2.  Value  for  heat  resistant  grade 
U  over  1  85. 


1  40  (Note  2) 
Very  Slow 

Very  Slight 

0.6 

Very  Slight 
Very  Slight 

Excellent 
Forming 

Excellent 


ANILINE  FORMALDEHYDES 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Tensile  and  dielectric  strength. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Bushings,  insulation,  binder. 


OBANITE  (Ciba  Products  Corporation) 


Available  in  molding  powder. 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  ('  ,  ) Opaque 

Color  range Dark  colors  only 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.22—1.25 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1  9.9—20.4 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 — 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000—23,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  2,000—20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Lzod) 0.32 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 0s) 5 — 6 

Rockwell  hardness Mil  5— Ml  20 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~<  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 2.6 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram) 0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10""*) 5 — 6 

Softening  point  (°F) 260 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 21  0 — 245 

Burning  rate Very  low 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (VJ>  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.01 — 0.08 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight Darkens 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 012— 1  0" 

Dielectric  strength   (volts  per  mil)  short  time 600 — 650 

stepwise 400 — 600 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.7 — 3.8 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 3.7 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 3.5 — 3.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.002 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.004 

Power  factor  f  106  cydes) 0.006—0.008 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Fair 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 


EFFECT  OF^CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in   many  organ):  solvents  and   oils;   ds:on}3;ed   b/   strong 
acids;  slightly  affected  by  weak  acids  aid  stra-ig  alkali:;. 


216 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


BE  SURE 

Your  Plastics 
Product  Is  Right 


Make  Your  Mold  With 


YES,  it's  common  Knowledge  now  . . .  HOBALITE  offers 
the  greatest  assurance  of  a  perfect  plastics  mold. 

Experiments  have  proven  this  special  metal  un- 
equalled for  withstanding  the  crucial  strain  of  intricate 
hobbing.  When  properly  case  hardened  and  treated 
it  withstands  the  extreme  pressure  of  82  tons  per 
square  inch. 

HOBALITE  is  your  safeguard  for  producing  finer 
molded  plastics  with  hobbed  cavity  molds.  YES, 
you  can  be  sure  your  product  is  right  .  .  .  when  you 
mold  with  HOBALITE. 

Complete  stock  of  standard  sizes  available  for 
immed/afede/iVery  from  owl-Chicago  warehouse 


Branch  O  Iton  and  Wira'miMi: 

1316  So.  ttoeUind.  CilumM.  Mi*.  14S43  M»y*ra  Riitf,   Detroit  27.  Midi. 
420  W.  South  Strwt.  InJIlrupolls  4,  Ind.    3737  W.  Hi jtltand  Blvd..  MMwukM 
8,  Wlw.    1617  No.  Smnth  St.  St.  Louli  6.  Mo. 


Telethon.  >  KEDzio   3809 


IV  STEEL*  WIRE 

^^  ^^  "JO.!.  W      II  ,,.,...,.   -Mr.  .  i         II,;..      ,..!•>     III.... 


.">r.  W.  Burbea  Sim-t     CUcafo  I.'.  lllin»i> 


MARCH  1945 


I'LASTtCS 


217 


CASEINS 


TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Non-flammability,  colorability,  machinability. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Buttons,  poker  chips,  novelties,  pens. 


AMEROID  (American  Plastics  Corp.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  discs. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.35 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22. 1 

Odor Little  or  None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 27,000 — 53,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 10,000 — 18,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 1.0 

Elongation  ('  ,) 2.5 

Brinell  hardness 23 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (10~5  per  °C) 4.1 — 6.8 

Softening  point  (°F) 200 

Distortion  under  heat  ("F) 300 

Burning  rate Very  Slow 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 400 — 700 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O6  cycles) 6. 1  — 6.8 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 052 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Wide 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Warps 

Water  absorption  (' ,'0  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 7 — 14 

Effect  of  age Hardens 

Effect  of  sunlight Colors  Fade 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Poor 

Molding  methods Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  weak  acids  and  organic  solvents;  softens  when  exposed  to 
weak  alkalies;  decomposes  in  strong  acids  or  strong   alkalies. 
Note.  Values  for  Galorn,  made  by  George  Worrell  Corp.,  are  similar  to  those  above. 


CELLULOSE  ACETATES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  transparency,  colorability,  ease  of  molding,  dielectric  strength.  High  acetyl  types: 

Resistance  to  moisture  and  hot  water. 
TYPICAL  USES:   Housings,  telephones,  tool  handles,  toys,  containers,  lenses,  lamp  shades,  packaging,  grilles,  automobile 

and    radio    parts,  electrical    insulation.     High    acetyl    type    uses:   Precision    instruments,  steering    wheels    and    other 

automotive  parts,  refrigerator  parts,  novelties,  kitchen  utensils,  costume  jewelry. 


BAKELITE  CELLULOSE  ACETATE  (Bakelite  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.26 — 1.40 

Grams  per  cu.  in 20.4 — 22.8 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2500 — 9500 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 5000 — 15000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 1 .4 — 4.0 

Elongation  ('  , ) 5 — 50 

Brinell  Hardness 5—1  3 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  O6 — 1  0* 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 325 — 800 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 4.9 — 6.2 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 03  cycles) 4.5 — 6.0 

Dielectric  constant  (10«  cycles) 4.0 — 5.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 01 — .04 

Power  factor  (10"  cycles) 035 — .060 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .47— 1 .50 

Light  transmission  (','c) 80 — 90 

Color  range Unlimited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Distortion  under  heat  {  F) . 
Burning  rate 


.140—212 
.  .  Slow 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (To  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 2.00 

Effect  of  age sl'9ht 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING   DATA 

Molding  qualities Injection — Excellent,  Compression — Fair 

Molding  methods Injection,  Extrusion,  Compression 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected   by  water,  weak  sulfuric,  nitric,  hydrochloric  acids,    1 0'  fl 
sodium  carbonate,-  swells  in  carbon  tefrachloride,  50'  ',    ethyl  alcohol. 


CHEMACO  (Manufacturers  Chemical  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .27 — 1 .30 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,500 — 1  0,300 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 30,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1,500 — 12,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.7 — 6.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1  O5) 1 .0 — 3.5 

Elongation  (<7) 4 — 45 

Rockwell  hardness M25— M80 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposes  in  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  resistant  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) '  O10— I  O12 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)   short  time 290 — 325 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.5—6.4 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O3  cycles) 3.5 — 6.4 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O6  cycles) 3.2 — 6.2 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.01—0.06 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.01—0.06 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D '  -47 

Light  transmission  ('  , ) 88     92 

Color  range Unlimite. 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection,  Compression,  Extrusion,  Blowing 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts 


Inert 


218 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


DOUGLAS    AIRCRAFT    StCpS 

WITH     Fl  BERG  LAS  -REINFORCED     PLASTICS 


In  jigs,  dies  and  fixtures,  plastics  are  modi- 
fying long-established  patterns  of  thinking 
and  ways  of  doing  things. 

Douglas  Aircraft  Engineers,  working  with 
the  fast-developing  techniques  of  low-pres- 
sure laminating,  the  remarkable  new  contact 
pressure  resins  and  with  Fiberglas  Cloth 
reinforcement,  have  taken  a  revolutionary 
step  from  metals  to  plastics. 

The  jig  shown  here,  with  progress  pic- 
tures of  its  manufacture,  was  fabricated 
from  Fiberglas-reinforced  laminated  mate- 
rial. Result — the  high  cost  of  manufacturing 
metal  tools  was  reduced.  Costly,  time-con- 
suming machining  was  avoided. 

The  advantages  which  Fiberglas-rein- 
forced laminates  bring  to  an  operation  of 
this  kind  are  lightness,  rigidity,  dimensional 
stability,  high  impact  strength  and  ease  of 
fabrication.  And  these  desirable  qualities 
can  be  traced  back  to  some  of  the  in- 
herent properties  of  Fiberglas  .  .  .  glass 
in  fiber  form. 

The  Fiberglas  fibers  have  a  specific  ten- 
sile strength  beyond  that  of  steel.  Because 
they  are  inorganic  and  noncellular,  they 
will  not  absorb  moisture,  will  not  shrink, 
swell,  rot  or  decay.  Therefore,  they  make 
ideal  textile  fibers  for  specific  purposes. 
Twisted  into  yarns,  woven  into  cloth  and 
put  into  plastic  laminates  as  structural  re- 
inforcement, they  produce  finished  mate- 
rials with  the  advantages  which  Douglas 
and  a  host  of  other  fabricators  are  so  skill- 
fully utilizing. 

Fiberglas  Corporation  does  not  manufac- 
ture resins  or  finished  laminates.  However, 
if  you  are  working  with  or  contemplating 
using  plastics  laminates  you  will  want  com- 
plete information  on  Fiberglas  Cloth.  It  is 
yours  for  the  asking.  Write  Owens-Corning 
Fiberglas  Corporation,  1881  Nicholas  Build- 
ing, Toledo  1,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  Fiberglas 
Canada  Ltd.,  Oshaiva,  Ontario. 


The  male  mold  is  placed  on  a  corrugated 
metal  table  with  an  air  valve  for  producing 
vacuum. 


The  desired  number  of  layers  of  resin- 
saturated  Fiberglas  Cloth  are  applied  to 
the  mold  one  after  another. 


A  rubber  blanket  is  stretched  over  the  mold  Air  is  evacuated.  The  table  is  then  rolled 
and  hermetically-sealed  at  the  edges  to  into  the  oven  to  complete  the  polymeriza- 
form  a  vacuum  bag.  lion  of  the  resin. 

Photos  courtesy:  Douglas  Aircraft  Co.,  Inc. 


FIBERGLAS 


T.  M.  Rpg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


The  completed  jig. 


A    BASIC   MATERIAL 


.None 


CHEMACO  W  (Manufacturers  Chemical  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.30 

Grams  per  cu.  In. 21  3 

Odor 

Taste 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 7,100 — 10,300 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Charpy) 2.1—4.0 

Elongation  (r'( ) 8.8 — 1 8.0 

Brinell  hardness 6.5 — 9.0 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Unlimited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES       [Cellulose  Acetates]  Cent. 

Softening  point  (°p) ,  6 3 _  |  96 

STABILITY 

Water  abiorption  (%  after  immersion  96  hrt.) 1.00 — 1.9 

(Notei  Other  tablet  give  Itiii  value  for  24  hr.  Immersion.) 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection,  Compression,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  sulfurlc,  nitric,  hydrochloric  acidi;  10% 
sodium  chloride,  gasoline,  2'  ,.  sodium  carbonate.  Swells  in  carbon 
tetrachloride,  50'  i  ethyl  alcohol. 


FIBESTOS  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  rube  and  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED  SHEET 

Specific  gravity 1.29 — 1.33  1.29 — 1 .40 

Odor None  to  Slight  None  to  Slight 

Taste None  to  Slight  None  to  Slight 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1700 — 8,300  4,000 — 10,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 2 1 ,000  6,000 — 30,000 

Flexurol  strength 3,300 — 1  4,000  4,000 — 20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch 

in.)  (liod) 0.3—4.6  1.0—4.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 1 .3— 2.5  1  —3 

Elongation  (%) 1 0—70  1  5—80 

Rockwell  hardness Up  to  M95  75 — M60 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection  Injection 

Extrusion  Compression 

Compression  Extrusion 

Swaging,  Forming 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent  Good  to  Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None  Non-corrosive 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  cold  water,  aromatic  and  aliphatic  hydrocarbons;  swells 
in  hot  water;  fair  resistance  to  weak  acids  and  alkalies;  decomposes  in 
strong  acids  and  alkalies;  soluble  in  lower  ketones,  dioxane. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES                 MOLDED  SHEET 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) I O10 — 1 011       (5 — 25)  X  1 0" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 290—600  290 — 800 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.5 — 6.4 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 3.5 — 6.4  5 — 7 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 3.2 — 6.2  4 — 6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.0 1  — 0.06 

Power  factor  (I0>  cycles) 0.01 — 0.06 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.01 — 0.05 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.47 — 1.50  1.49 — 1.52 

Light  transmission  (%) 88—92  88—92 

Color  range Unlimited  Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (104  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C 

X   10~<) 4—6  4—6 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram).  .  .0.3 — 0.45  0.3 — 0.45 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0s) 6 — 1 5  6 — 1 5 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 100 — 180  130 — 160 

Softening  point  (°F) 140 — 230  140 — 230 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 110—190  110—190 

Burning  rote Slow  1 .5 — 2.0  in.  per  m. 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight  to  Considerable      Slight  to  Marked 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion 

24  hrs.) 2.2—6.7  2—4.0 

Effect  of  age Good  Resistance  Hardens 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight  Slight 


LUMARITH  C.  A.  (Celanese  Plastics  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  compound,  sheet,  rod,  tube,  film,  foil. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES                   MOLDED  SHEET 

Specific  gravity 1.30—1.34  1.28—1.34 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21 .3 — 22 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3,600 — 6,900  3,500 — 8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch 

in.)  (Ltod) 2.0—5.5  1.5—5.5 

Elongation  (' , ) 20—50  20 — 65 

Brinell  hardness 5 — 8  5 — 10 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 290 — 365  1,300 — 1,600 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (',;   after 
immersion  24  hrs.) 


MOLDED  SHEET 

..2.6—4.5  2.5—7.0 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING   DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection,  Extrusion,  Heat  Forming, 

Compression       Blowing,  Swedg* 

ing,  Compression 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent    Good  to  Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  sulfurk,  nitric,  hydrochloric  acids;  10'  , 
sodium  chloride,  gasoline,  2'  ,  sodium  carbonate.  Swells  in  carbon 
tetrachloride,  50' ,  ethyl  alcohol. 


LUMARITH  X  (Celanese  Plastics  Corporation) 

Available  in  molding  compound. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .27 — 1 .32 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3,200 — 6,500 

Rexural  strength  (psi) 3,400 — 12,400 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 1.3 — 5.1 

Elongation  (%) 1  2—50 

Brinell  hardness 5 — 12 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 290 — 365 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range  .........................................  Limitless 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('.','   after  Immersion  24  hrs.) 


2.1—2.8 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities  ...............................  Extremely  Fast 

Molding  methods  ..................  Injection,  Extrusion,  Compression 

Machining  qualities  ..................................  Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  sulfurk,  nitric,  hydrochloric  acids;  1  0'  , 
sodium  chloride,  gasoline,  2'  ,  sodium  carbonate;  swells  in  carbon 
tetrachloride,  50'  ',  ethyl  alcohol. 


MARCH   1945 


r LAST n  s 


PLASTACELE  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.) 

Available  in  sheet,  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED  SHEET 

Specific  gravity 1.27—1.37  1.27—1.34 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2,000 — 11,200  2,800 — 1  1,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 1  6,000 

Impact  strength  {ft.  Ibs.  per  notch 

in.)  (Izod) 0.5 — 5.0  1  5 — 4.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 1  — 4 

Elongation  (%) 4—52  1  5—50 

Rockwell  hardness RIO — R117  R105 — R112 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.47 — 1.50  1.49 — 1.50 

Color  range Unlimited  Unlimited 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after 

immersion  24  hrs.) 2 — 7 

Effect  of  age Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight  Discoloration   Slight  Discoloration 


[Cellulose  Acetates]  Cont. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  MOLDED  SHEET 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 350 — 900  300 — 600 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 4.5 — 6.2  6 — 8 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 4.0 — 5.0  4 — 5 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 2 — 3.5 

Power  factor  ( 1  0«  cycles) 4.0 — 6.0  5—6 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~*  cal.  sec., 

cm.  °C) 5.4—8.7 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per 

gram) 0.3—0.45  1 2—1 6 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~5) 14—16 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 22 — 2 1 2 

Burning  rate Slow  Very  Slow 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Injection,  Extrusion  Forming 

Machining  qualities Good  Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  sulfuric,  nitric,  hydrochloric  acids;  10% 
sodium  chloride,  gasoline,  2f  ,  sodium  carbonate;  swells  in  carbon 
tetrochloride,  50'  ,  ethyl  alcohol;  unaffected  by  most  vegetable  and 
mineral  oils. 


TENITE  I  (Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.27 — 1.34 

Odor Negligible 

Taste Negligible 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 ,500 — 7,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 4,500 — 22,500 

Flexural   strength  (psi) 2,100 — 14,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  lbs./inch  of  notch)  (Izod) 0.4 — 6.2 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 05) 0.74 — 2.62 

Elongation  (%) 7 — 74 

Rockwell  hardness R38 — R123 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .50 — 1 .46 

Light  transmission  (%) 75 — 95 

Color  range Unlimited 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection;  Extrusion;  Blowing;  Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) 1  O10— 1  Oa 

Dielectric  strength,  60  cycles,  50'  c  RH 290 — 600 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.5 — 6.4 

Dielectric  constant  (1  O6  cycles) 3.2 — 6.2 

Power  factor  (1  0«  cycles) 0.01—0.05 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (cal./sq.  cm./sec./°C/cm.  X   1 0~4) 4 — 8 

Specific  heat  (cal./°C/gm.) 0.3—0.45 

Thermal  expansion  (inch/inch/°C  X   1 0~s) 8—1  6 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 500 

Softening  point  (°F) 1  40—250 

Distortion  under  heat  (~F) 1 00 — 2 1 0 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water   absorption:   Total   %    2.5 — 5.9;   soluble   matter  lost   %,   less 

than 0.1—3.3 

Effect  of  age Some  Loss  in  Weight 

Effect  of  Sunlight.  .  Warpage  and  surface  crazing  after  long  exposure 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  acids,  salt  solutions,  hydrocarbons,  and 
ethers;  swollen  by  alcohols;  dissolved  by  many  esters,  ketones,  chlor- 
inated hydrocarbons. 


CELLULOSE  ACETATE  BUTYRATES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  colorability,  surface  luster,  ease  of  molding,  dimensional  stability,  and  in  some 

compositions  resistance  to  weathering. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Steering  wheels,  telephones,  tooth  brush  and  tool  handles,  divider  strips,  pistol  grips,  (extruded)  trim, 

safety  lamps  (at  sea),  housings,  musical  instruments,  drafting  scales,  automobile  and  radio  parts,  insulation. 


TENITE  II  (Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.10 — 1.24 

Odor Negligible 

Taste Negligible 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (ps!) 1,400 — 6,600 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 4,200 — 1 9,800 

Rexural  strength  (psi) 1 ,600 — 1 1 ,900 

Impact  strength  (ft.  lbs./inch  of  notch)  (Izod) 0.4 — 9.4 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10s) 0.49—1.98 

Elongation  (%) 35—94 

Rockwell  hardness R38— Rl  1 9 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .47—1.48 

Light  transmission  {%) 75—95 

Color  range Unlimited 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Waterabsorption(%) — Total,  1.0 — 2.4;soluble  matter  lost,  leu 

than 0.1—1.1 

Effect  of  age Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Some  compositions  satisfactory 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  restivity  (ohms  cms.) ' 1 010— 1  O12 

Dielectric  strength,  60  cycles,  50%  RH 250—400 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.5 — 6.4 

Dielectric  contact  ( 1 08  cycles) 3.2 — 6.2 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.01—0.04 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (cal./sq.  cm./sec./°C/cm.  X   10~<) 4—8 

Specific  heat  (col./°C/gm.) 0.3—0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (°C  X   10"5) 11 — 17 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 500 

Softening  point  (°F) 1 40—250 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 03— 1 91 

Burning  rate Slow 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection;  Extrusion;  Blowing;  Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  weak  acids,  salt  solutions,  aliphatic  hydro- 
carbons, and  ethers;  swollen  by  many  alcohols  and  aromatic  hydro- 
carbons; dissolved  by  many  esters,  ketones  and  chlorinated  hydro- 
carbons. 


222 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


CELLULOSE  NITRATES 

TyPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OL/TSTAND/NG  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  dimensional  stability, 
TYPICAL  USES:  Tool  and  umbrella  handles,  toilet  ware  and 
photographic  films,  wood  heels,  spectacle  frames. 


colorability,  ease  of  fabrication. 

seats,  fountain  pens,  novelties,  drawing  instruments,  buttons. 


CELLULOID  (Celanese  Plastics  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube,  and  film. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.35—1.40 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 1  1,000 

Bongation  (%) 1 0—50 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 — 500 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  Immersion  24  hr..) 1 .5—3.0 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Heat  Forming,  Compression,  Blowing 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  lower  alcohols;  attacked  by  strong  alkalies  and  strong 
oxidizing  acids;  resistant  to  water,  dilute  alkalies  and  adds  and,  when 
cold,  strong  non-oxidizing  odds. 


NITRON  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .35—1 .60 

Odor None  or  Camphorous 

Taste None  or  Slight 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 — 30,000 

Flexuol  strength  (psi) 6,000 — 1  5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 2.0 — 8.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 2 — 4 

Elongation  (%} 10—50 

Shear  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 8,000 

Rockwell  hardness M26 — M60 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) (2 — 30)  X   1 010 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 600 — 1 200 

sfepwbe 250 — 500 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 6.7—7.3 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 6.2 

Power  factor 0.06 — 0.1 5 

Power  factor  (10' cycles) 0.07 — 0.1 0 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  Index,  N/D 1.48—1.58 

Light  transmission  (%) 86—90 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (eal.  set,  cm.°C'X  10~«) 3.1 — 5.1 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  10~8) 12.0—16.0 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F! 140 

Softening  point  (°F) 160 — 195 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 10— 150 

Burning  rate Very  Rapid 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight  to  Marked 

Water  absorption  (%  after  Immersion  24  hrs.) 0.6 — 3.0 

Effect  of  age Slight  Hardening 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight  Yellowing 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Swaging 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  lower  alcohols  and  ketones;  attacked  by  strong  alkalies  and 
strong  oxidizing  adds;  resistant  to  water,  dilute  alkalies  and  adds  and, 
when  cold,  strong  non-oxidizing  odds. 


PYRALIN  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.) 

Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.33—1.60 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 3 — 6 

Modulus  of  elastidty  (psi  X   10s) 2 — 4 

Rockwell  hardness M25 — M60 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Unlimited 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  lower  alcohols;  attacked  by  strong  alkalies  and  strong  oxidiz- 
ing adds;  resistant  to  wafer,  dilute  alkalies  and  acids  and,  when  cold, 
strong  non-oxidizing  acids. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 — 600 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 6.7—7.3 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 6.0 — 1 5.0 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10"*  cal.  sec.,  cm.  CC) 3 — 6 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  10~5) 1 2—1 6 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 10 — 150 

Burning  rate Rapid 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  I '.",'  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 2 — 3 

Effect  of  sunlight Discolors  and  becomes  brittle 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Nan* 

Machining  qualities .Excellent 


ETHYL  CELLULOSES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  even  at  low  temperatures;  good  electrical  properties;  low  moisture  absorption; 

dimensional  stability  in  dry  heat  and  humidity. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Flashlight,  vacuum  cleaner,  and  radio  housings;  tool  handles;  aircraft  and  refrigerator  parts;  coil  cores; 
trim;  rigid  containers;  precision  instruments;  steering  wheels;  fabric  and  metal  coatings.  


CHEMACO  E.  C.  (Manufacturers  Chemical  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .07—1.1 8 

Odor Slight 


Taste 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2,000—10,000  + 

Compresslve  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 20,000 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 1 2,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.  (Izod) 0.6 — 1 0.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (ps!  X   10s) 1—3.5 

Elongation  (%) 5—40 

Rockwell  hardness M25— M90 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  organic  solvents;  resistant  to  weak  odds,  all  alkalies. 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 10'»— 10" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 400—700 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.5 — 3.5 

Dielectric  constant  (10'  cycles) 2.0 — 4.0 

Power  factor  (60  cydes) 0.005—0.015 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cydes) 0.007—0.030 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  Index,  N/D 1.470 

Light  transmission  (r;  I Variable 

Color  range UnHmlted 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding    methods   applicable Infection,    Compression,    Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  Inserts 


MARCH   1947> 


I'l.ASTICS 


223 


ETHOCEL  (Dow  Chemical  Company) 

Available  in  sheets  and  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity j.lj 

Grams  per  cu.  in. 1 8.7 

Odor Slight  to  None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (ps!) II ,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 12,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (kod) 2 — 8 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 0s) 2 — 4 

Elongation  (%) 4.7—9.5 

Rockwell  hardnes M20 — M60 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1-10  x  10" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 1 400 — 1 700 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 4.0 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 3.0 — 3.8 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 3.7 

Power  factor  (60  cycled 01 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 0.008—0.0 1 5 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.001—0.02 


[Ethyl  Cellulose]  Cont. 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .47 

Color  range Extensive 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (cal/cm2/°C/cm/sec.  X    1 0~<) 3.66 

Specific  heat  (col.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.32 — 0.46 

Thermal  expansion  (10~5/°Q 10 — 14 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1  20 — 200 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  [c/f.  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.20 — 1.80 

Effect  of  age: 

Outdoor  resistance Good 

Indoor  resistance Excellent 

Effect  of  sunlight Resistance,  good 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods  applicable Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  alkalies;  reacts  slightly  to  weak  acids;  decomposed  by 
strong   acids;  very   soluble   in   many  organic  solvents* 


LUMARITH  E.  C.  (Celanese  Plastics  Corporation) 

Available  in  sheet  and  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.07— 1.1 8 

Grams  per  cu.  In 1  8.7 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2,700 — 8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (bod) 5 — 1  1 

Elongation  (<•<) 5 — 40 

Brinell  hardness 4.0—8.5 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 470—550 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  '0  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.2 — 2.5 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods  applicable Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  alkalies;  reacts  slightly  to  weak  acids;  decomposed  by 
strong  acids;  very  soluble  in  many  organic  solvents. 


MELAMINE  FORMALDEHYDES 


TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Surface  hardness;  excellent  arc  resistance  and  good  electrical  properties;  resistance  to  heat, 
water  and  chemicals. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Insulation,  tableware,  buttons,  housings,  closures,  electrical   appliances  and   hardware,  radio  cabinets 
with  mineral  filler:  Electrical  insulation. 


MELMAC  MELAMINE  (American  Cyanamid  Co.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

ALPHA 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  CELLULOSE 

Specific  gravity  .........................  1  .49 

Grams  per  cu.  in  ........................  24.2 

Odor  ................................  None 

Taste  .................................  None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi)  ....................  7,570 

Flexural  strength  (psi)  ..................  1  4,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  ----  26 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  ............  340 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles)  ...............  7.9 

Dielectric  constant  (  1  0*  cycles)  ..............  7.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles)  ...................  3.7 

Power  factor  (1  O6  cycles)  ..................  2.9 


CHOPPED 

COTTON 

1  .4 
22.9 
None 
None 

7,000 
1  4,000 
0.686  —  1.0 

270 
7.2 
7.2 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Translucent  white 

to  black 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 210 

Softening  point  (  F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (  F) 410 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Fair 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  and  alkalies,  water, 
decomposed  by  strong  acids;  heat  resistant  grad 
alkalies. 


Black,  mottled 
white,  m  ott  I  e  d 
brown 

240 
None 

Non-flammable 

Good 

Compression, 
Transfer 
Satisfactory 

organic  solvents; 
es  inert  to  strong 


With  Mineral  Filler 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 


GRADE   592       GRADE   S-6003 


Specific  gravity 1 .7 

Grams  per  cu.  in 26.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,900 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 9,280 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 535 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 7.7 

Dielectric  constant  (1 06  cycles) 5.65 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 10 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 3.8 


1.98 
30.8 


5,920 
9,180 


440 
8.5 
5.8 
11 
2.8 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Coefficient  of  expansion  (per 
Distortion  under  heat  (  F) .  .  .  . 


'C  X 


GRADE  592 

43 

..266 


GRADE  S-6003 

30 

266 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good  Good 

Molding  methods Compression  Compression 

Transfer  Transfer 

Effect  on  inserts Good       Not  recommend- 
ed for  large  inserts 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption. 


.0.13 


0.07 


t  r  a 


\IARTH    1<U.i 


PLASTICS... 


« 


=S5s^S3  --.—=» 


MARCH   1945 


225 


PLASKON  MELAMINE  (Plaskon  Division, 

Libbey- Owens  Ford) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.47 — 1.52 

Odor None 

Taite None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tens  He  strength  (psi) 8,000—1 3,000 

Compreuive  strength  (psi) 27,000 — 37,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 — 1 6,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.   per  notch  in.)  (bod) 024— .035 

Rockwell  hardness Mil  8— Ml  22 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Fair 

Effect  on  metal  inserts . .  None 


[Melamine  Formaldehydes]  Cont. 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 012 — 1 01* 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 — 400 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 9.0—9.5 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 7.8 — 8.2 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 043 — .045 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 210 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.4 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  and  alkalies,  organic  solvents;  decomposed 
by  strong   acids;   heat   resistant   grades   inert  to  strong   alkalies 


RESIMENE (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specflc  gravity 1.44—1.86 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6,000 — 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 30,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1 6,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.  (Izod) 0.28 — 0.40 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X   105) 16 

Elongation  (%) 0.30—0.45 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  12 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 2.4  X   10" 

Dielectric  strength  (volt»  per  mil) 390 — 450 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 6.4 — 9.9 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 6.7 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.07 — 0.17 


Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.041 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~5) 2.0 — 4.5 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 210 — 380 

Softening  point  (°F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 266 — 385 

Burning  rate Nil 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Very  Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.08 — 1.7 

Effect  of  age Practically  None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods. Compression;  Transfer 

Machining  qualities Fair  to  Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  and  alkalies,  water  and  organic  solvents; 
decomposed  by  strong  acids;  heat  resistant  grades  inert  to  strong 
alkalies. 


NYLONS 


TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

NYLON  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.)  Molded 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  heat  distortion,  toughness,  low  specific  gravity,  solvent  resistance. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Electrical  spools,  switch  housings.  Indicated  uses:  slide  fastenings,  valve  seats. 

Available  in  molding  powder  and  filaments. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.14 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 0,530 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1  8,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  3,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (bod) 0.9 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10«) 3.3 

Elongation  (%) 54 

Rockwell  hardness M90 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volti  per  mil) 400 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0«  cycles) 3.4 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 1.4 

Power  factor  (108  cycles) 4.0 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.53 

FILAMENTS 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  abrasion  resistance,  tensile  strength,  good  elastic  recovery. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Brush  bristles,  surgical  sutures,  fishing  leaders,  tennis  and  badminton  racket  strings. 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10*  cal.  sec,  cm.    C) 6 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10~s) 10 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F)  (66  psi) 400 

Burning  rate Self-extinguishing 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.5 

Effect  of  age Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight '. .  .Slight  Discoloration 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Fair 

Molding  methods Injection 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble    in    cresol,    phenol,   formic   acid;   concentrated    mineral   acids; 
unaffected  by  alkalis  and  weak  acids;  decomposed  by  oxidizing  acida 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity : 1.1  24 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 43,000—58,500 

Elongation  (%) 37—40 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 490 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 4.5 — 6.3 

Power  factor  ( 1 01  cycles) 2.7—1 1 .7 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.53 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  heat  (col.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.55 

Burning  rate Very  Low 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (f'c  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 2.6 — 7.6 

Effect  of  age None 


226 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


EXTRUDED 


L  A  S  T /  05 


FROM 


DETROIT  MACOID  is  known  as  the  headquarters  for  extruded  plastics  for  all  industries  from 
automobiles  to  zithers. 

DETROIT  AAACOID  Invented  the  modern  method  of  extruding  plastics  which  is  the  basis  of 
most  present  day  extrusions.  AAACOID  has  contributed  consistent  developments  to  both  the 
process  and  its  application. 

AAACOID  has  pioneered  the  use  of  extrusions  for  aircraft,  automobiles,  furniture,  refrigera- 
tion, agriculture  and  many  other  fields  of  industry.  Leading  companies  have  learned  that 
they  save  time  and  money  wh«rt  they  come  to  us  with  their  extruded  parts.  We  give  them 
what  they  want  with  a  minimum  of  tim'e  and  expense. 

MACOID  has,  of  course,  a  complete  line  of 
standardized  extruded  tubes,  rods  and  profiles. 
We  work  with  all  kinds  of  extrudable  plastics 
from  the  most  highly  flexible  to  the  most  rigid 
synthetics. 

In  addition,  we  have  fine  facilities  for  injection 
molding  of  plastic  materials.  We  are  working 
with  many  companies  on  post-war  designs,  molds 
and  dies,  ready  to  swing  Into  production  as  gov- 
ernment restrictions  relax  and  materials  become 
available.  Send  us  your  problems.  No  obligation. 


DETROIT 


CORPORATION 


12340  ClOVERDALE  AVE. 
MICHIGAN 


M 


ORIGINATORS    OF 


DRY      PROCESS      PLASTIC      EXTRUSION 


PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDES 


OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Excellent  electrical  properties,  heat  and  solvent  resistance,  low  cold  flow,  tensile  strength. 
TYPICAL   USES:  Switch  plates,  sockets,  door  knobs,  bottle  caps,  business  machine  housings,  vacuum  cleaner  parts. 

General  Purpose  Grade 


BAKELITE  PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDE  (Bakelite) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.35—1.44 

Grains  per  cu.  in 22.1 — 23.6 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6,500—8,500 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,800 — 1 3,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.26 — 0.40 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (pii  X  10s) 8.8 — 9.7 

Brinell  hardness 30 — 45 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~4  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 4 — 7 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.38 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0"5) 3 — 4 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 302 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 284 — 302 

Burning  rate Self-extinguishing 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D Opaque 

Color  range Limited  to  Dark  Colors 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) 0.9  X  1 0s — 1 .7  X  1 05 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 270 — 350 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 1 0 — 1 2 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 7 — 9 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0«  cycles) 5.8 — 6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.30 — 0.43 

Power  factor  (1 0s  cycles) 0.1 2 — 0.1 6 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.05—0.06 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.5—0.6 

Effect  of  age  (indoor) None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Transfer 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies  and  organic  solvents,  variable. 


DUREZ  (Durez  Plastks  &  Chemicals,  Inc.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  11540 

Specific  gravity 1 .37 

Grams  per  eu.  in. 22.5 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 25,000 

Rexural  strength  (psi) 1 2,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In. 0.44 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10s) 1 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 2  X  1 0s 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 400 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 5-6 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 05 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  11540 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 355 

Burning  rate None 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.6 

Effect  of  sunlight Colors  darken 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Transfer 

Machining  qualities Satisfactory 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies  and  organic  solvents  variable. 


MAKALOT   (Makalot   Corporation) 


Available  In  molding  powder. 


GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.36—1.52 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.2 — 24.8 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,000—1 1 ,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 6,000 — 36,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.)  (Izod) 0.30 — 0.50 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 05) 10—15 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 012— 1 010 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300—350 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 5 — 1 2 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.04 — 0.30 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~*  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 4 — 1  2 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.35 — 0.36 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~s) 3.7 — 7.5 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 450 

Softening  point  (  F) None 

Distortion  under  heat 280-350 

Burning  rate Very  Low 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.05 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight Light  colors  darken 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression,  Transfer 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies  and  organic  solvents  variable. 


228 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


NEILUTE  (Watertown  Manufacturing  Company) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  25 

Specific  gravity 1 .40 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.9 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (pii) 5,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 27,300 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.)  (Izod) 0.293 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 440 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  25 

Light  transmission Opaque 

Color  rang* Black 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,'  after  Immersion  24  hn.l 0.75 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  memods Compression,  Transfer 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies   and   organic   solvent*   variable. 


Improved  Impact  Grade 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Grades  1321,1  345 — Fairly  low  moisture  absorption,  good  impact  strength.    Grade  1  377 — 

Mechanical  strength,  good  moisture  resistance,  for  simple  designs. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Grades   1321,   1345 — Cone  rollers,  gear  webs,  terminal  blocks.     Grade   1377 — Aircraft  pulleys  and 

control  quadrants,  bell  cranks,  bomb  racks. 


MICARTA  (Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co.) 

Available  in  laminated  sheers,  chopped  impregnated  doth  or  paper, 
and  combinations  of  these  two  forms. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES     GRADES  1345         GRADE  1377 


1321 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 29,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 9,100 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per 

in.  notch)  (Charpy) 3.1 

Brinell  hardness 32 — 40 


ELECTRIC  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil). 


.250 


7,200 
30,000 
10,200 

9,700 

2.9 

32—40 


250 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES  GRADES  1345        GRADE  1377 

1321 
Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 212  212 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('','  gain  in  weight; 

4  in.  diam.  X  }•»> 2.9  2.3 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index Opaque  Opaque 

Color  rang* Tan  ( 1  32 1  )j  Black  ( 1  345)  Tan 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  quality Good 

Molding  methods Compression;  Compression; 

Transfer  Transfer 

Machining  quality Good 


High  Impact  Grade 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Impact  and  flexural  strength,  heat  resistance  and  insulation. 

TYPICAL   USES:   Washing  machine  agitators,  pulleys,  housings,  vacuum  cleaner  parts,  telephone  handsets,  oil  well  drilling 
parts,  hand  wheels. 


BAKELITE  PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDE  (Bakelite) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  3,  4 

Specific  gravity 1.37 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.4 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6000 — 7100 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8003 — 1  1000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (liod) 1.12 — 5.4 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X    10s) 10 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 0.01  5— 0.1  2  X   1 05 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 200 — 300 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 6 — 10 

Dielectric  constant  ( I  0s  cycles) 5.5 — 7.0 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 5.0 — 6.0 

Power  factor  (103  cycles) 03 — .20 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 03— .05 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D Opaque 

Color  range Limited  to  dark  colors 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 293—302 

Burning  rate Self-extinguishing 

STABILITY 


Tendency  to  cold  flow 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.63 — 1.00 

Effect  of  age  (Indoors) None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Transfer 

Machining  qualities Fair 

Effect  of  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies,  reaction  to  weak  adds  and 
alkalies  and  organic  solvents,  variable. 


DRACKETT  Hl-l  (The  Drackett  Co.) 

Available  in  molding  compound. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific   gravity 1 .4 1 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6,700 — 8,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 28,000 — 32,000 

Ftexural  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 — 1  6,000 

Import  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (liod) 3.5 — 7.0 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 16.0 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Nil 

Water  absorption  ('.'<'   after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.0 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 275.0 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  (%) Opaque 

Color  rang* Dark  Shades  Only 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Softening  point  (  F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (  Fl 200 

Burning  rate Very  Low 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression,  Transfer  Jet 

Machining  qualities Good 

E  fleet  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  oxidlxing  acids  and  strong  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak 
adds  and  alkalies  and  organic  solvents,  none  to  slight. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


Heat  Resistant  Grade  [Phenol  Formaldehydes]  Cont. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Heat  resistance,  dimensional  stability,  low  water  absorption  and  cold  flow,  hardness. 
TYPICAL   USES:  Cooking  utensil  handles,  molded  commutators,  heater  plugs,  electric  toaster  base  and  fitments,  closures. 


BAKELITE  PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDE  (Bakelite) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADES  I  &  II 

Specific  gravity 1 .65 — 1.93 

Grains  per  cu.  in 27.5 — 36.1 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,600 — 6,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000—1 0,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.26 — 1.00 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 0s) 1 7—20 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms)  (for  type  II) 0.2  X   1  On 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 200 — 300 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range 


GRADES  I  &II 
. .  Brown,  Black 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  heat  (cat.  per    C  per  gram) 0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (°C  X   1 0~5) 1 .9 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 400 — 450 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 275—302 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Poor 

Water  absorption  (°/(  after  48  hrs.  immersion) 0.046 — 0.1  8 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent  Flow 

Molding  methods Compression 


DUREZ  (Durez  Plastics  &  Chemicals,  Inc.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  55 

Specific  gravity 1.80 

Grams  per  cu.  in 29.4 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 7,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 7,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 9,400 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.) 0.48 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.24 

Effect  of  sunlight Tends  to  darken 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  55 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 .5  X   10* 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  0s  cycles) 5.0 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 0.05 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 500 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Satisfactory 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Poor 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Hong 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reaction  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies,  variable;  organic  solvents,  variable. 


REILLY   INDUR    (Reilly   Tar   &    Chemical    Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .6 — 2.0 

Grams  per  cu.  in. 25.7 — 32.7 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 1  0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 24,000 — 36,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 20,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Charpy) 0.1 0 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 10'— 10" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 200 — 500 

Dielectric   constant   (10s   cycles) 4.5 — 20 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 5 — 1  8 

Power  factor  (1 0*  cycles) 0.1— 0.1 5 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.04—0.15 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  ('  ,' ) Opaque 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 250—290 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.01—0.15 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression 

Effects  on  metal  inserts None 

Decomposed   by  strong  acids  and  strong   alkalies;  resistant  to  weak 
acids,  weak  alkalies  and  organic  solvents  variable. 


Low  Loss  Grade 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Low  power  factor,  high  dielectric  strength  and  resistance  to  humidity. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Radio  insulation,  electric  insulation. 


BAKELITE  PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDE  (Bakelite) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  GRADE  BM-16981 

Specific  gravity 1 .86—1 .92 

Grams  per  cu.  in 30.4—30.5 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,500 — 6,000 

Compresiive  strength  (psi) 1  8,000—24,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 9,000—1  1 ,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.30 — 0.34 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.010—0.015 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 0.0065—0.0075 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Natural 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hours) 0.0707 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression 


230 


PLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


ANEW 


CATALOGUE 


THAT  WILL  HI  .P 


YOUR  PRODUCT 


PLANNING 


The  Standard  Products  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
thermo-plastics,  thermo-setting  plastics,  molded 
mechanical  rubber  goods,  metal  stampings,  glass 
run  window  channel,  munitions  and  automobile 
hardware,  have  compiled  a  comprehensive  brochure 
of  their  diversified  manufacturing. 

The  new  Standard  Products  Co.  Catalogue  is 
profusely  illustrated  and  offers  many  ideas  to  man- 
ufacturers in  the  use  of  plastics,  steel  stampings, 
and  molded  rubber. 


—  -I 


THE  STANDARD  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 


505  Boulevard  Bldg. 


General  Offices  and  Research  Laboratory 
Woodward  Ave.  at  E.  Grand  Blvd. 


Detroit  2,  Mich. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTH'S 


231 


Special  Grades  [Phenol  Formaldehydes]  Cont. 

M-66,  MH-66,  MF-66  MOLDING  POWDERS  (Heresite  &  Chemical  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  chemical  and  heat  resistance,  low  water  absorption,  dimensional  stability,  good  elec- 
trical properties. 

TYPICAL  USES:   Rayon  machine  parts,  electrical  equipment,  laboratory  ware. 


Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.28 — 1.35 

Grams  per  cu.  in 20.9 — 2 1 .2 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 — 25,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 2,000 — 1 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.  (Izod) 0.2 — 0.56 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1  O5) I  2 — 1  8 

Rockwell  hardness Ml  00 — Ml  20 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) . .  200 — 400 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F.) 450 

Softening  point  (°F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 250 — 290 

Burning  rate Very  low  to  Nil 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (''/c  after  immersion  24  hrs) 0.1 — 0.2 

Effect  of  age None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression  Transfer 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effects  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  all  solvents;  resistant  to  acids,  alkalies  and  salts. 


TEXTOLITE  (General  Electric  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Lubricating  property,  strength. 
TYPICAL   USES:  Intricate-shaped  bearings  requiring  good  strength. 


Available  in  sheet,  rod,  tube. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.39 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1  3,000  L,  8,500  C 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 35,000 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 24,000  L,  1 7,000  C 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 2.5 

Rockwell  hardness Ml 03 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 68 

Dielectric  constant  ( I O6  cycles) 8.27 

Power  factor  (1 06  cycles) 0.046 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D Opaque 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C) 1 .35  X   1 0~5  L,  2. 1  4  X   1 0~5  C 

Top  operating  temperature  (9F) 230 

Softening  point  (°F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) Greater  than  300 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Low 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 1.0 

Effect  of  age None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  water,  oils,  solvents,  and  most  acids;  attacked  by  strong 
acids  and  alkalies. 


RESINOX  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  This  table  covers  the  entire  range  of  properties  of  the  phenol  formaldehyde  group.  The 

various  grades  listed  above  are  included  in  its  scope. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Listed  above  for  the  various  grades. 


Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  Gravity 1.35 — 1.75 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21  — 3 1 

Odor Very  Slight  to  Marked 

Taste Very  Slight  to  Marked 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,200 — 9,500 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000 — 35,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1  5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.  (Izod) 0.26 — 8.00 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X  1 05) 8—45 

Elongation  (%) None 

Shear  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 1 5,000 

Rockwell  hardness M85 — Ml  25 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohm  cms) 1 09 — 1 012 

Dieletric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 250 — 500 

step    wise 200 — 400 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 5 — 20 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 4 — 20 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 4.5 — 20 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.04 — 0.30 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 0.04 — 0.20 

Power  factor  ( 1 06  cycles) 0.009—0. 1 0 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  Index,  N/D None 

Light  transmission  ('  .  ) None 

Color  range Limited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (col.  sec,  cm.  °CX  10~4) 3 — 20 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.25 — 0.36 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   10"5) 2.0—7.5 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 230 — 450 

Softening  point  (  F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 240 — 285 

Burning  rate Very  Low  to  Moderate 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None  to  Very  Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.001 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Fair  to  Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression;  Transfer 

Machining  qualities Fair  to  Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  acids  and  alkalies;  reacts  to  weak  acids  and 
alkalies;  insoluble  in  common   organic  solvents. 


232 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


LARGER 

PLASTIC  PARTS  THAN   EVER   BEFORE 


Opening  many  new  uses  for  plastics,  Eclipse  now  offers  you  facilities  for  success- 
fully producing  parts  larger  than  any  presently  manufactured. 

TODAY  this  service  is  available  —  at  Eclipse!  It  will  free  you  from  size  limitations 
on  many  profitable  parts,  increasing  tremendously  your  application  of  INJECTION, 

and  COMPRESSION  moulded  parts  on  your  new  products. 

i 

ALSO  COMPLETE  FABRICATING  FACILITIES 

Typical  also  of  Eclipse'  swift  progress  in  plastics  is  a  FABRICATING  DEPART- 
MENT fully  equipped  to  completely  handle  many  of  your  assembly  production  tasks 
involving  plastic  parts. 

Eclipse'  record  of  "firsts"  in  plastics  is  your  constant  assurance  of  a  profitable 
solution  to  your  plastic  moulding  problems  —  for  today's  and  tomorrow's  needs. 
Write,  or  send  blueprint  for  quotation  and  suggestions. 


MOULDED  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

5151    NORTH    32nd    STREET  •  MILWAUKEE    9,    WISCONSIN 

CHICAGO     •     CINCINNATI     •     CLEVELAND     •     DETROIT     •     KANSAS  CITY     • 

ST.  LOUIS     •     LOS   ANGELES     •     SAN   FRANCISCO     •     SEATTLE 


COMPRESSION 


MOULD    ING 


PLASTIC         MATERIALS 


MARCH    191.-, 


PHENOL  FURFURALS  and  PHENOL  FORMALDEHYDES 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 
DURITE  (Durite  Plastics) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Excellent  electrical  properties,  heat  and  solvent  resistant,  low  cold  flow,  tensile  strength; 

impact  resistance  grade  excels  in  shock  resistance. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Switch  plates,  sockets,  door  knobs,  bottle  caps,  business  machine  housings. 

General  Purpose  Grade  (Wood  Flour  Filler) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.32 — 1.42  Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.3—0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (10~5  per  °C) 3—7 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 300 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 


Tensile  strength  (psi) 5000—8500  Softening  point  (°F) '    None 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1  4,000—36,000  Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 240—300 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 8,000—1 5,000  Burning  rate .  .Very  Low 

I „„,.*  _*. .u   tit     iu-                   -»_!_   :_  t  fl II                                                /\  i        /\   t  •    "*" 


Impact  strength  (ft.  IDS.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.2 — 0.4 


STABILITY 


Modulus  of  elasticity  IpsiXlO5) 10 — 25 

Rockwell  hardness M100 — MHO  Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.2—0.6 

PI  PfTPir  Al     PPnPPPTIPC;  Effect  of  afle Hardens  Slightly 

ELEQ.TRK.AL   PROP!  Effect  of  sun|ight Light  Shades  Discolor 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 09— 1011  FABRICATING    AND    AAOI  HIMf;    DATA 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 300—550  S^-jLZ^    MOLDING    DATA 

stepwise 200-350  Mod.!nfl  qu  °'ltl" '  • '  "  •  V. ...Excellent 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 5—12  Moldm9  methods  °PP''«>>I« Compression 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0»  cycles) ..4—10  Machm.ng  quaht.es Fair  to  Good 

Dielectric  constant  (10«  cycles) 4.5—9  Effect  on  metal  inserts lnert 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.04—0.30  EFFECT    OF    CHEMICALS 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.04 — 0.28  Decomposed  by  strong  alkalies  and  oxidizing  acids;  inert  to  reducing 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.03 — 0.10  and  organic  acids;  slightly  affected  by  weak  alkalies. 

Impact  Resistance  Grade  (Fabric  Filler) 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .3 — 1 .45  Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~4  cal.  sec,  cm.  °C) 3 — 8 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21.3 — 19.1  Thermal  expansion  (10~5  per  °C) 2 — 6 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 


Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 240 — 300 


Softening  point  (°F)  .....................................  None 

Tensile  strength  (psi)..         .........................  5500—8000  Distortion  under  heat  (°F)  ............................  240—285 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  ......................  20,000—32,000  Burning  rate                                                                                                       NH 

Flexural  strength  (psi)  ...........................  8000—1  3,000  CT  A  nil  ITV 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Irod)  ..............  0.6—4.8  b  I  ABILI  I  Y 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X   105)  ........................  7  —  12  Water  absorption  (%  after  Immersion  24  hrs.)  ............  0.5  —  2.5 

Rockwell  hardness  ..................................  B65—  B75  Effect  of  age  .................................  Hardens  slightly 


PPOPPPTIPC; 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms)  ..........................  1  09  —  1  0"  _ 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time  .............  1  50—450  '"  .................................  ......  G< 

.tepwise  ..............  100-350  Molding  method,  ................................  .Cwp,™™ 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycle,)  ............................  5-10  Mochmmg  qua  I,  he,  ...............................  Fair  to  Good 

Dielectric  constant  (10»  cycles)  ..........................  4.5—9  Effect  on  metal  .nsert,  ....................................  Inert 

Dielectric  constant  (10«  cycles)  ...........................  4.5—8  EFFECT   OF    CHEMICALS 

Power  factor  (60  cycles)  ............................  0.06—0.30  Decomposed  by  strong  alkalies  and  oxidizing  acids;  inert  to  reducing 

Power  factor  (  1  O1'  cycles)  ..........................  0.03—0.  1  0  and  organic  adds;  slightly  affected   by  weak  alkalies. 

Note:  These  values  cover  both  Durite  Phenol  Furfural  and  Phenol  Formaldehyde  molding  compounds. 

POLYSTYRENES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Excellent  electrical  properties,  chemical  inertness,  negligible  water  absorption,  low  specific 

gravity,  good  colorability,  stability  at  low  temperatures. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Electrical  insulation,  high  frequency  equipment,  refrigerator  and  radio  parts,  closures,  containers,  imitation 

jewels,  combs. 

BAKELITE  POLYSTYRENE  (Bakelite  Corporation)  OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Available  in  molding  powder.  Refractive  index,  N/D  ...........................  1.592  —  1.597 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES  Color  ran"e  ...........................................  Wide 

Specific  gravity  .........................................  1.07  THERMAL    PROPERTIES 

Grams  per  cu.  in  ........................................  1  7.5  0  ,_                    .                                                       ,_.,,, 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram)  ........................  0.32 

MECHANICAL    PROPERTIES  Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   lO'5)  ....................  6.5—7.5 

Tensile  strength  (psi)  .....................  6,500  —  7000   (Note  1)  Distortion  under  heat  (°F)  ...........................  170.6  —  176 

Flexurol  strength  (psi)  .................  1  4,000—1  9000  (Note  1  ) 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  ......  0.8  —  1.2   (Note  1)  STABILITY 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10')  ............  3.75—4.25  (Note  1)  Water  absorption  (<"c  after  immersion  318  hrs.,  2'  {/disc)  .....  0.05 

Rockwell  hardness  .................................  M85  —  M92 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms)  ...........................  over  1  O9  Molding  methods  ..........................  Compression,  Injection 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  ......................  500  —  525  Effect  on  metal  inserts  .....................  Chemical  effect  inert; 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles)  ........................  2.50  —  2.60  use  in  molded  article,  —  good  to  poor. 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycle,)  .......................  2.50  —  2.60  CCCC_T    —p    ri-IP/tAir  Al  c: 

Power  factor  (60  cycle,)  ...........................  0002—  .0003 

Power  factor  (1  06  cycles)  ..........................  0002  —  .0003  Excellent  resistance  to  non-oxidizing  acids  and  alkalies;  good  resistance 

Los,  factor  (60-50  X   1  06  cycles)  ...................  0005—  .0008  to  hydrofluoric   acid;   discolor,   slightly   from   oxidizing    acids. 

Note   1:  Value    for   injection    molded    products.  Following    are    values    for   corresponding    properties  of  compression   molded    type:  Tensile  strength  —  5500-6500;  impac  t   strength 
(liodl  —  0.40-0.70;  Flexural  strength—  6500-7500;  Mod-jlusjof  elasticity—  4-6. 

23d                                                                          PLASTICS  MARCH  1945 


Ckemoco4 

BIG  4 

IN  MOLDING  POWDERS 


WHEN     YOU      WANT      VERSATILITY 

choose  Chemoco  Cellulose  Acetate— a  colorful,  adaptable  plastic  with  excep- 
tional toughness  and  Impact  strength.  Chemaco  Cellulose  Acetate  comes  In  a 
brilliant  crystal  and  an  unlimited  range  of  transparent,  translucent  and  opaque 
colors.  Notable  for  its  resiliency  and  moldability,  Chemaco  Cellulose  Acetate 
is  suitable  for  many  plastics  applications  —  from  toothbrushes  to  fishing  floats 
and  lures. 


WHEN      YOU      WANT      IMPACT      STRENGTH 

choose  Chemaco  Ethyl  Cellulose—  the  toughest  and  strongest  of  all  cellulose 
plastics.  Chemaco  Ethyl  Cellulose  is  capable  of  withstanding  impact  at  ex- 
tremely low  temperatures.  It  Is  available  in  colors.  Suggested  uses  embrace 
flashlight  cases,  tool  handles,  hammer  heads,  extruded  trim  and  hardware, 
automotive  and  aircraft  parts. 


WHEN     YOU     WANT     CHEMICAL     RESISTANCE 

choose  Chemaco  Polystyrene —  a  thermoplastic  with  exceptional  resistance 
to  acids,  alkalis,  glycols,  aliphatic  hydrocarbons  and  most  alcohols.  It  has 
excellent  dielectric  strength,  low  water  absorption  and  unusual  dimensional 
stability.  The  low  specific  gravity  and  its  thermoplastic  qualities  make  it  ex- 
tremely economical.  The  molder  can  obtain  more  pieces  per  pound  and  utilize 
rejects,  gates  and  sprues.  It  Is  highly  successful  for  closures,  cosmetic  cases. 


laboratory  equipment  and  electrical  devices. 


WHEN     YOU      WANT      DIELECTRIC      STRENGTH 

and  FLEXIBILITY  choose  Chemaco  Vinyl  Compounds.  These  elastomeric  plastics 
have  exceptional  dielectric  strength,  are  non-flammable  and  self-extinguishing 
and  highly  resistant  to  water,  chemicals,  oxidation  and  abrasion.  Their  resist- 
ance to  weather  makes  them  desirable  for  tubing,  conduits,  jacketing  for 
coaxial  cables  and  storage  battery  separators. 


Ckemaco 


MAItTH    19.1.-, 


IA   ivbiidiary  of  Monufoctur*r<  Chvmical  Corporation) 

Berkeley  Heights,  N.  J. 

•ranch   Orflc«-Cliv*land.   O.    I»pr«i«nlotiv««-Mochin«ry    Sol.i    Company,    Lot    Ang.l..    •    San    Franciice 

PLASTICS 


235 


CHEMACO  (Manufacturers  Chem.  Corp.) 

Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.05—1.07 

Grains  per  cu.  in 1 7.2 — 1 7.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 — 9,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1 1,500 — 1 3,500 

Flexura  I  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1 9,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.)  (Izod) 0.35 — 0.50 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X  1 05) 3.9—4.7 

Elongation  (%) 2—5 

Rockwell  hardness M87 — 90 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.59 

Light  transmission  (%) 88—92 

Color  range Unlimited 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Very  Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) Nil 

Effect  of  age Practically  Nil 

Effect  of  sunlight Yellows  Slightly 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  [Polystyrenes]  Cent. 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1017 — 10la 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.0001 — 0.0002 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.0001 — 0.0002 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.0001 — 0.0004 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~4  col.  see.,  cm  °C) 1.9 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.32 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1 0~5) 6 — 8 

Softening  point  (°F) ]  90 — 250 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 62 — 1 80 

Burning  rate Slow 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods  applicable Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Fair  to  Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts:   Chemical  effect Inert 

Use  in  molded  articles Good  to  Poor 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  esters,  aromatic  hydrocarbons;  resistant  to  corrosive  acids, 
mineral  acids,  organic  acids,  inorganic  salts,  alkalies,  glycerine, 
naphtha,  glycols,  most  alcohols,  aliphatic  hydrocarbons. 


LOALIN  (Catalin  Corporation) 

Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .05 — 1 .07 

Grams  per  cu.  in 17.2 — 17.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 4,000 — 1 6,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 9,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.50—0.60 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   104) 4.0 — 4.7 

Elongation  (%) 2.0—3.0 

Shear  strength  (psi) 6,000 — 7,000 

Rockwell  hardness M87 — M90 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 0" — 1  0" 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 08  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.000 1  — 0.0003 

Power  factor  (10J  cycles) 0.0001—0.0003 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cycles) 0.0001—0.0003 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .59 

Light  transmission  (%) 88 — 90 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~*  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 1 .9 

Specific  heat  (col.  per    C  per  gram) 0.32 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C) 65 — 75 

Softening  point  (°F) 1  90 — 250 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 175—1  85 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Wafer  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.00 

Effect  of  age Very  Sligh  I 

Effect  of  sunlight Yellows  Slightly 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Inert  to  corrosive  acids,  mineral  acids,  organic  acids,  inorganic  salts, 
alkalies;  soluble  in  benzine,  styrene,  turpentine,  dioxane,  ethylene 
chloride,  cellosolve  acetate,  carbon  tetrachloride,  aromatic  and 
chlorinated  hydrocarbons. 


LUSTRON  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .054 — 1  070 

Grams  per  cu.  in 17.2 — 17.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,500 — 7,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 1  4,000 — 1 6,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 9,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.3 — 0.4 

Modulus   of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 1.7—4.7 

Elongation  (%) 2—3 

Shear  strength  (psi) 6,000—7,000 

Rockwell  hardness M80 — M95 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  O17 — 1 019 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 500 — 700 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 06  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.0001  — 0.0002 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.0001—0.0003 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cycles) 0.0001—0.0003 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.59 

light  transmission  (%) 88 — 92 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0  ~*  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C! 1.9 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.32 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1 0~5) 6 — 8 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 1  50 — 1 70 

Softening  point  (°F) 1 90 — 230 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1  68 — 1 76 

Burning  rate Moderate 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.05 

Effect  of  age Very  Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Yellows  Slightly 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Good  to  Excellent 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  aromatic  and  chlorinated  hydrocarbons;  resistant  to  acids 
and  alkalies,  lower  alcohols. 


236 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


SJYRON  (Dow  Chemical  Company) 

Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.054—1.070 

Granu  per  cu.  in 17.2 — 17.5 

Odor Very  Slight  to  None 

Toite None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Teniile  strength  (piil 3000 — 8500 

Compressive  itrength  (pii) 1 1,500 — 1  3,500 

Im.act  strength  (ft.  lb».  per  notch  in) (bod) 0.26 — 0.6 

(Chorpy)..  0.28— 0.6 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X   10s) 1.7 — 4.7 

Elongation  (%} 2—5 

Rockwell  hardness M55 — M95 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 017 — 1 0" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) Short  time,  450 — 600 

Stepwise,  500—700 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.5 — 2.7 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 2.5 — 2.7 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 2.5 — 2.7 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.0001 — 0.0002 

Power  factor  (10»  cycles) 0.0001—0.0002 

Power  factor  ( 1 0«  cycles) 0.000 1  —0.0004 


[Polystyrenes]  Cont. 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .59 

light  transmission  (%) 88 — 90 

Color  range Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (Cals/cm'/WC/cm  X  1 0~<) 1 .9 

Specific  heat  (cat.  per    C  per  gram) 0.32 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~') 8 — 1 0 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 65 — 1 90 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Very  Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  Immersion  24  hrs.) 0.00 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection 

Machining  qualities Fair  to  good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts 

Chemical  effect  on Inert 

Use  in  molded  articles Good  to  poor 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  practically  all  alcohols;  acids,  alkalies  and  salts;  and  water. 


Polystyrenes  (Modified) 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 
CEREX  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics   Div.) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  heat  distortion  point,  dimensional  stability,  chemical  resistivity. 

TYPICAL   USES:  Coil  forms,  battery  jars,  switch  parts,  surgical  instruments  requiring  sterilization.      Indicated  uses:  plumbing 
hardware,  electronic  apparatus  parts,  sterilizable  combs. 


Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .07 

Grams  per   cu.  in 1 7.5 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Flexurol  strength  (psl) 13,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Uod) 0.40 

Rockwell  hardness M 1 00 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 510 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 2.72 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0*  cycles) 2.76 

Power  factor  ( 1 0*  cycles) 0.0024 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.0024 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Extensive 

Clarity Amber,  Transparent 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 250 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 21 2— 230 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.3 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Injection— Good;  Compression 

not  recommended  for  pro- 
duction 

Molding  methods Injection,  Compression,  Transfer 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Unaffected  by  weak  acids,  weak  bases;  attacked  by  strong  oxidizing 
acids;  soluble  in  aromatic  and  chlorinated  hydrocarbons. 


STYRAMIC  (Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  Plastics  Div.) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Excellent  electrical  properties,  chemical  inertness,  negligible  water  absorption,  stability  at 

low  temperatures,  non-flammability,  heat  resistance. 
TYPICAL   USES:  Electrical  insulation  for  high  frequency  and  radio  equipment. 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 


Specific  gravity 1 .358 

Grams  per  cu.  In 22.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3,000—3,500 

Compressive  strength  (ps!) 1  1 ,300 

Flexual  strength  (psi) 6,500 — 7,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Charpy) 0.42 

Elongation  (%) 0.97 

Rockwell  hardness M-72 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 800 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.55 

Power  factor  (300  kilocycles,  %) 0.04 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  C",) Opaque 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 1 70—2 1 0 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 84 — 1 87 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Very  Slight 

Water  absorption  ('  ,'  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.046 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight Very  Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Injection,  Extnnlon 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble    In    lower    alcohols,    acids,    alkalies;    soluble    In    aromofics, 
chlorinated  hydrocarbons;  resistant  to  alkalies  and  non-oxldiifog  odds. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


237 


We  at  Dow  know  from  experience  that  success  in  plastics  is  not  a  one-man  nor  even  a  one-industry  joo.  if  coiii  tor  tne  combin 
skill  and  cooperation  of  manufacturer  or  designer  plus  fabricator  plus  raw  materials  producer.  Working  together,  this  team  sa\ 
time  and  money  and  puts  plastics  to  work  successfully.  So  that  we  can  do  our  part,  technical  experts  are  available  for  consultati 
at  each  of  our  following  sales  offices: 


NIW  YOIIK— 30  Rockefeller  Plaza,  Telephone.-  Columbus  5-2164 
PHILADELPHIA— 1400  S.  Perm  Square,  Telephone:  Rittenhouse  2280 
WASHINGTON— 915  Shoreham  Building,  Telephone:  Republk  6978 
SAN  FRANCISCO— 310  Sansome  Street,  Telephone:  Garfield  8323 
LOS  ANGELES— 634  South  Spring  Street,  Telephone:  Tucker  3181 
SEATTLE— 1702  Textile  Tower,  Telephone:  Main  8891 


DETROIT— 932  Fisher  Building,  Telephone:  Trinity  2-8186 
ST.  LOUIS— Second  and  Madison  Streets,  Telephone:  Newstead  4977 
•  OSTON  — 20  Providence  Street,  Telephone:  Hubbard  4890 
CLEVELAND— Terminal  Tower,  Telephone:  Main  8741 
CHICAGO— 135  South  La  Salle  Street,  Telephone:  Andover  4131 
HOUSTON— 2205  Commerce  Building,  Telephone:  Charter  43506 


THE 


DOW 


CHEMICAL         COMPANY, 


M 


D    L    A    N    D 


M    I    C    H    I    G    A 


VI  VICOV 


ETIIOCEI, 


Present  and  Potential  Uses 

Lighting  fixtures;  insulators;  bat- 
trr\  cases;  hydrometers;  funnels; 
bottles;  closures;  food  hamlliiif; 
equipment;  pharmaceutical,  cos- 
metic and  jewelry  containers;  cos- 
tume jewelry;  novelties;  refrigera- 
tion parts;  pens;  pencils;  liquor 
dispensers;  escutcheons;  floats; 
chemical  apparatus;  dishes; 
lenses;  decorative  objects,  trim. 


Present  and  Potential  Uses 

Plating  masks,  chemical  appara- 
tus, pump  parts,  valves  and  valve 
parts,  name  plates,  meter  parts, 
paint  brush  handles,  insulation, 
stoppers,  funnels,  bottles,  clo- 
sures, plumbing  parts  and  equip- 
ment, wire  coating,  etc.  Pipe  and 
tubing  for  chemical  apparatus 
and  special  installations  requiring 
chemical  and  corrosion  resistance. 


Present  and  Potential  Uact 

Housings,  radio  cabinets,  aircraft 
parts,  container*,  in-nlators,  flash- 
lights, automotive  parts,  escutch- 
eon-, refrigerator  |>arts,  tool 
handles,  rod-.  tuN>,  bars,  and 
special  extruded  shapes  for  kit- 
chen trim,  automotive  and  air- 
craft window  frames,  modern 
window  blinds.  Also  used  as  tape 
and  wire  coating. 


^ 


•I 


Properties  and  Advantages 


Gear,  translucent  or  opaque; 
broad  color  range;  excellent  high 
frequency  electrical  insulator;  can 
"pipe"  light  through  rod  at  angles, 
around  corners,  etc.;  resistant  to 
acids  and  many  alkalies;  low  water 
absorption:  light  weight;  stable  at 
low  temperatures.  Limited  solvent 
resistance.  Available  only  in  rigid 
forms. 


Properties  and  Advantages 

Resistant  to  chemicals,  abrasion, 
corrosion,  water,  and  moisture; 
good  electrical  insulator; 
excellent  thermal  insulator;  non- 
flammable; tough;  flexible;  dimen- 
sionally  stable.  Not  recommended 
for  installations  requiring  tem- 
perature resistance  above  170° 
Fahrenheit.  Tends  to  brittleness 
at  very  low  temperatures. 


Properties  and  Advantages 

Extra  tough,  particularly  at  low 
temperatures;  attractive  colors; 
pleasant  to  handle;  transparent  or 
translucent;  dimensionally  stable 
to  varying  climatic  conditions  and 
tcni|ieratures.  Light  in  weight. 
Available  in  wide  range  of  flow. 
Not  available  in  crystal  color. 
I  muled  chemical  and  solvent 
rr-i-tanre. 


DOW  PLASTICS  EASILY  FABRICATED  IN  THESE  FORMS 

STYRON  (Dow  Polystyrene)  .  .  . 

For  moldings,  extrusions,  rods,  sheets. 

"  tRAN  .  .  . 

For  moldings,  extrusions,  pipe,  tubing,  sheet,  monofilaments; 
also  available  as  Saran  Film. 

/ 1HOCEL  (Dow  Ethyl,  ellulose)  .  .  . 

For  molilini:-,   extrusions,  coatings;  available  also  as  Ethooel 
Sheeting. 


PJjAST1 

Saran    •    Styron 


Ethocel 


STYRALOY  (Dow  Chemical  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  See  Styron. 
TYPICAL  USES:  See  Styron. 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 0.957 

Grams  per  cu.  in 1 5.6 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1,000—1,200 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 2.0 

Elongation  (%) 35 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms.) ]  O20 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 3,000 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cycles) 2.5 — 2.6 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O6  cycles) 2.6 — 2.7 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.07—0.12 

Power  factor  (10'  cycles) 0.05 — 0.10 


[Polystyrenes]  Cont. 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range , 


.  Limited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (Cal/sec/°C/cm/cm2  X  1 0~4) 4.32 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.405 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~<)  (to  84  °C) 1 .79 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 40 — 1 49 

Burning  rote  (inch  per  min.) 1 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.2 

Effect  of  age Good  Stability  Indoors 

Effect  of  sunlight Darkens  Slightly 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Injection,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Can  be  machined  and  drilled 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Badly  gelled  by  acetone,  ethyl  acetate,  ethylene  dichloride,  carbon 
tetrachloride,  toluene,  and  heptane;  good  resistance  to  sulfuric  acid, 
sodium  hydroxide,  ethyl  alcohol,  nitric  acid,  hydrochloric  acid,  ammon- 
ium hydroxide,  hydrogen  peroxide. 


POLYETHYLENES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Excellent  electrical  properties,  resistance  to  chemicals,  low  moisture  absorption,  low  specific 
gravity. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Co-axial  cable  insulation,  underground  wire  insulation,  grommets,  waterproofing  and  chemically  resistant 
coating,  bottle  cap  liners.  Indicated  uses:  Screens,  trim,  picnic  ware,  automobile  hardware,  acid  resistant  gloves  and 
clothing,  shoe  soles,  printing  plates. 


POLYETHYLENE  (Bakelite  Corporation) 

Available   in   sheet,   tube,   molding    powder,   monofllaments. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 0.92 

Grams  per  cu.  in ]  5.04 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1,825 

Compreuive  strength  (psi) 3,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi)  25°C 1  8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.) Greater  than  3 

Elongation  (%) 560 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  0" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 1 ,000 — 1 , 1 00 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  O6  cycles) 2.3 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 00030 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal   conductivity  (10~4  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 8.1 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.53 

Softening  point  (°F) 226.5—233.6 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 248 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('~'D  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.01 

Effect  of  sunlight No  discoloration 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Compression,  Injection 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  all  common  solvents  below  50-60  C;  soluble  in  chlorinated 
solvents,  aliphatic  and  aromatic  hydrocarbons  at  elevated  temperatures. 


POLYTHENE  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.) 

Available  in  sheet  and  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 


.0.92 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 ,900 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 3,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 4 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X  105) 13,000 

Elongation  (%) 30—600 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1 ,500 

Rockwell  hardness R36 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~4  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 7 — 8 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram) 0.5 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X   1 0~~5) 16 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 07 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 017 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 460 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 2.3 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 01  cycles) 2.3 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 2.3 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) '. 0.0003 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.0003 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.0003 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D.  . 


.1.51 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (9o  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.0 1 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight No  discoloration 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  water,  alkalies,  acids  and  oxygenated  solvents;  not  re- 
sistant, at  elevated  temperatures,  to  chlorinated  solvents,  aliphatic 
and  aromatic  hydro-carbons. 


240 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


A  SINGLE  PRODUCT 

OR  A  MILLION  OR  MORE 

If  you  hove  a  problem  in  which  technical 
ingenuity,  and  quality  controlled  production 
is  required  in  the  fabrication  of  plastics,  the 
TECKNA  COMPANY  offers  you  specialized 
service  of  unique  perfection. 

Be  it  a  problem  of  mass  production,  "the 
never  before  attempted/'  or  a  single  piece 
of  precise  fabrication  of  any  type  Plastic, 
G.M.G.  or  Turned  Rod,  you  can  depend 
upon  TECENA  engineering  and  manufactur- 
ing facilities  ...  let  us  know  your  problems 
or  write  for  special  booklet  outlining  the 
scope  of  Teckna's  specialized  service. 

Photo  below.  ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING.  TECKNA  CO. 


TECKNA   COMPANY  ... 


of 


223-01  Northern  Boulevard,  Bayside,  L.  I.,  New  York 


TECKNA 


MARCH  1945 


I'l.ASTICS 


241 


POLYVINYL  ACETALS 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  dielectric  strength,  lightness. 

TYPICAL   USES:  Toilet  articles,  combs,  phonograph  records,  tiles,  arch  supports,  shoe  heels,  grinding  wheels,  printing 
plates,  insulation. 


ALVAR  (Shawinigan  Products  Corporation) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.16 

Grams  per  cu.  in. 1 9.3 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 6  X   10s— 9  X  10» 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 950 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1.46 

Color  range Wide 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Extrusion 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~5  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 44 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram) .' 0.29 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~5) 6.5 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 302 

Softening  point  (°F) 275—374 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 67 — 1 94 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (c'c  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 2.0 

Effect  of  age Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Slight 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  m  methyl  and  ethyl  alcohols,  acetone,  dioxane,  cetlosolve. 
benzene;  insoluble  In  carbon  tetra chloride,  turpentine,  gasoline,  V.  M. 
&  P.  naphtha,  carbon  bisulphide,  mineral,  vegetable  and  drying  oils. 


POLYVINYL  ALCOHOLS 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   When  plasticized — Toughness,  rubber-like  elasticity,  low  specific  gravity,  resistance  to  heat 

oils  and  solvents,  to  vibration  and  flexing. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Gaskets,  diaphragms,  washers;  extruded  tubing  and  hose  for  spraying  paints  and  lacquers,  lubricating 

and  refrigeration  equipment,  fire  extinguishers. 

PVA  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.,  Inc.) 


Available  in  molding  powder  and  granule. 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  ('F) 257^293 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption On     prolonged     exposure,     softens, 

swells,  loses  tensile  strength.  (Note  2) 


FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Compression,  Extrusion 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  oils,  fats,  most  organic  solvents,  oxygen  and  ozone. 

Note  1.  Poly  vinyl  alcohol  ii  also  available  os  PV  film.    Having   the  some  qualities  as  the 
molded  compound,  it  is  typically  used  for  the  packaging  of  food. 

Note   2.  Insolubiti/ing   methods  have  been  developed   for   both  molded   PVA   and   Pin- 
where  substantial  resistance  to  water  is  required. 


POLYVINYL  BUTYRALS 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Toughness,  extensibility;  resistance  to  light,  heat  and  water;  retains  flexibility  and  toughnes, 
over  wide  temperature  range;  capable  of  modification  to  have  thermo-setting  properties. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Safety  glass  interlayer,  tarpaulin  coating,  hospital  sheeting,  raincoats,  camouflaged  ponchos,  insulated 
heating  pads. 


BUTACITE  (duPont  Plastics  Dept.) 


Available  in  sheets. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 


UNPLASTICIZED   RIGID   SHEET 
..1.07—1.20 


MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 8,500 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.88 — 1 .20 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  105) 3.5 — 4.0 

Elongation  (%) 6 — 60 

Shear  strength  (psi) 1 4,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1 0M 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short  time 422 

stepwise 440 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.61 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 3.58 

Dielectric  constant  (1 0«  cycles) 3.33 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.0070 

Power  factor  (10s  cycles) 0.0075 

Power  factor  (1 0«  cycles) 0.0365 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .48— 1 .49 

Light  transmission  (%) 85 — 9 1 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  10~5  below  50  °C) 7.8 

Softening  point  (°F) 1  40—1  60 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 11 5—1 40 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1  — 3 

Effect  of  age Outdoors — Yellows  and  embrittles 

indoors  or  behind  glass — Stable 


FABRICATING  DATA 

Machining  qualities. . . . 


.Good 


EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Attacked  by  acids,  alcohols,  aromatic  hydrocarbons  dioxane,  esters, 
and  ketones;  resistant  Jo  alkalies,  aliphatic  hydrocarbons,  and  animal 
and  mineral  oils. 


242 


VLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


9&  lul&Uf.  Ifou  Meed 
YARDLEY  MAKES  IT 

Any  shape.  Any  color.  Any  thermoplastic  material. 
We  have  the  facilities,  experience  and  skill  neces- 
sary for  making  extruded  tubing  of  every  type. 
Whether  your  tubing  requires  rigidity,  flexibility, 
toughness  at  all  temperatures,  electrical  applica- 
tions or  resistance  to  acids,  alkalis  and  oils;  con- 
sult us. 

Among  the  various  tubings  we  now  extrude  are: 


SARAN 

ACETATE 

ETHOCEL 


VINYL 

STYRALLOY 

POLYSTYRENE 


ARDLEY 


142   PARSONS   AVE.  COLUMBUS    IS.  OHIO 

l.trud.r,   of    SARAN.    CIUULOSt    ACITATf.    IUTYKATI.   fOLYSTYHINf     iTY«AU.OY   ••<  VINYIS     Alw   l.j.ctlo.    a.d    C.-pr.,t.o.    MoWU, 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


243 


POLYVINYL  CHLORIDES 


TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Chemical  inertness;  specific  formulations  being  outstanding  for  rubber-like  qualities  and  for 

non-flammability,  toughness,  high  insulation  resistance,  cold  resistance. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Electrical  insulation,  fabric  coating,  automotive  tubing. 

High  Insulation  Resistance  Compound 


GEON  (The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.  Chemical  Div.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .3 1 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 2200 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   1 0s) 1 ,1 00 

Elongation  (%) 330 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) „ 1  0" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil)  short-time 400 

stepwlte 375 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles,  at  1 58°  F) 9.1 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0J  cydes,  at  77°  F) 5.66 

Power  factor  (60  cycles,  at  1 58°  F) 0.022 

Power  factor  (103  cycles,  at  77°  F) 0.109 

Loss  factor  (60  cycles,  at  1 58°  F) 0.20 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C  X  1 0~4) 3.43 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.359 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,/  after  immersion  24  hrs.) Gain  plus 

soluble  matter  lost — 0.50;  loss,  soluble  matter — 0.15 

Effect  of  age Essentially  stable  except  for  very   gradual 

stiffening.  Resists  ozone  completely. 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Extrusion,  Compression,  Injection 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Best  commercial  solvent — methyl  ethyl  ketone;  not  softened  or  swelled 
by  oils,  gasolines,  and  alcohol;  resists  bases  and  acids  except  strong 
sulfuric  and  glacial  acetic. 


Not..  This  material  ii  mad»  In  film  form  undv  th«  trad,  name  Koroieo/  by  Mi.  Goodrich  Koroxal  Division. 


POLYVINYL  FORMALS 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:   Good  electrical  properties,  toughness,  resistance  to  abrasion. 

INDICATED  USES:  Articles  in  which  strength  is  important. 


FORMVAR   (Shawinigan   Products  Corporation) 

Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.23 

Grams  per  cu.  in 20.1 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 1,200 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3.3 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 3.3 

Dielectric  constant  (10*  cycles) 3.1 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.009 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.01 2 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.024 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D ..1.50 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10  '  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 3.7 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~») 7.7 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 292 

Softening  point  (°F) 220—374 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 21 2—257 

Burning  rate Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.3 

Effect  of  age Very  Slight 

Effect  of  sunlight Very  Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Extrusion 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Insoluble  in  methyl  alcohol,  ethyl  alcohol,  cellosolve,  carbon  tetrachlor- 
ide;  soluble  in  dioxane,  ethylene  chloride,  chloroform,  methyl  ketone, 
aniline. 


UREA  FORMALDEHYDE 

TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Richness  of  color,  translucent  and  opaque;  solvent  resistance;  dielectric  strength;  tensile  and 

flexural  strength;  low  cold  flow;  lack  of  odor  and  taste. 
TYPICAL  USES:  Housings,  compacts,  closures,  light  reflectors,  high  voltage  and  high  frequency  insulation,  buttons,  trays, 

hardware. 


BAKELITE  UREA  FORMALDEHYDE  (Bakelite  Corp.) 

Available  In  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.47 — 1.52 

Grams  per  cu.  In 24.1 — 24.9 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 9,500 — 1  2,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 — 1 4,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 0.30 — 0.36 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X   10s) 11—17 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 212 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 230—266 

Burning  rate None,  chars  at  395°  F 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) (1.5—4.5)  X  1 0« 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 330 — 375 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cydes) 8.0 — 8.75 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1 0s  cydes) 8.0 — 8.75 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 7.75 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.06 — 0.1 0 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.035—0.055 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.036—0.039 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.125 — 0.175 

Effect  of  age None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  or  alkalies;  decomposed  by  strong  not 
affected  by  common  solvents,  greases,  oils  or  hydrocarbon  solvents. 


244 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


•  •  'MATERIALS 


2. ..TOOLING  .. 


3... PRODUCTION  ... 


4.  ..EXPERIMENTAL 
DEVELOPMENT . . . 


compounds  "M,"  "E."  "R"—  nonpriority  materials  which 
can  be  compounded  in  many  colors  ior  a  wide  variety  of  uses. 


For  temporary,  production,  duplicate  production  tooling,  for  experi- 
mental design  models,  cast  plastic  tools  can  be  used  profitably  when 
applied  properly. 
.  .  .  Our  service  can  be  obtained  in  two  ways 

(a)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  us 

(b)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  yourself  with  our  material  and  as- 
sistance 

.  .  .  Tool  applications  include:  Drill  lias,  Keller  Models,  routing  fix- 
tures, assembly  and  checking  fixtures,  patterns,  molds,  form  blocks, 
mandrels  for  forming  plastics,  laminates  and  plywoods. 


(a)  CASTINGS  .  .  .  small  or  large,  simple  or  intricate  .  .  .  using  phe- 
nolic resins,  plaster,  Lucite,  Formrite  and  other  casting  materials  as 
prescribed ... 

. .  .  using  a  variety  of  mold  materials  such  as  plaster,  rubber,  gela- 
tine, wax,  sample  parts  or  models  as  required  . . . 

...  for  Industry,  Scientific  and  Medical  Reproductions,  Art  Work 
and  Advertising  Displays  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions. 

(b)  RUBBER  —  facilities  available  for  processing  synthetic  and  nat- 
ural rubber  by  the  dip,  cast  and  other  methods. 

(c)  Miscellaneous  production  items  using  latest  forming,  fabricating, 
assembly  and  manufacturing  processes. 


.  .  .  Our  laboratories  are  available  for  the  development  of  your  ex- 
perimental or  production  problems  utilizing  our  diversified  experience 
in  design,  sculpture,  art  work,  preparation  and  reproduction  of 
original  models,  plaster  work,  tooling  techniques,  mold  making,  sub- 
stitution of  materials,  product  and  process  development  .  .  .  For  In- 
dustrial, Scientific  and  Commercial  items  .  .  .  Problems  on  unusual 
and  difficult  jobs  are  our  specialty. 


...LET   US  WORK  ON  YOUR  PROBLEM... 


ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


3322   57  Street 
Woodilde.  I_  I..  N.  Y. 
HArem.yer  9-3212 


101  Park  Ar.nue 
N.w  York  17.  N.  Y. 

MUrray    Hill    5  0478 


1512    Callowhill    Street 
Philadelphia  30.  Pa. 
RITenhou..  1441 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


245 


BEETLE  (American  Cyanamid  Company) 

Available  in  molding  powder  and  granular  form. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .45—1 .50 

Grams  per  cu.  in 23.7 — 24.5 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,500 — 7,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 20,000—24,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 11 ,000 — 1  8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 24 — 28 

Rockwell  hardness 78.9 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.  at  25°  C) 1—3 

Effect  of  age None 


ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES  [Urea  Formaldehydes]  Cont. 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300—350 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Unlimited  (translucent  white  to  black) 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Top  operating  temperature  (°F) 1 70 

Softening  point  (°F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 266 — 284 

Burning  rate None  (chars  at  395°  F) 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  or  alkalies;  decomposed  by  strong;  not 
affected   by  common  solvents,  greases,  oils  or  hydrocarbon  solvents. 


PLASKON  (Plaskon  Div.,  Libbey-Owens  Ford) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.45 — 1.52 

Grams  per  cu.  in 23.7 — 24.8 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 8,000 — 1  3,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 25,000 — 35,000 

Flexurol  strength  (psi) 1  0,000 — I  6,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 024 — .035 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10s) 15.5—16.5 

Brinell  hardness 48 — 54 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  Olz — 1 0" 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 300 — 400 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 9.0 — 9.5 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 6.2 — 6.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 039 — .04 1 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 029 — .032 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range 


.Unlimited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  expansion  (10~5  per  °C) 1.7 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 210 

Burning  rate Non-flammable;  chars  at  395°  F 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.5 — 0.7 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  sunlight None 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression 

Machining  qualities Fair 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Not  affected  by  weak  acids  or  alkalies;  decomposed  by  strong;  not 
affected  by  common  solvents,  greases,  oils  or  hydrocarbon  solvents. 


VINYLIDENE  CHLORIDE 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Tensile  strength,  high  softening  point,  chemical  inertness,  resistance  to  water,  non-flamma- 
bility,  toughness. 

TYPICAL  USES:  (Molded) — chemical  equipment,  spray  gun  parts,  containers,  housings;  plating  masks,  pump  parts,  name 
plates,  bottles,  plumbing  parts  and  equipment.  (Extruded) — tubing,  screen,  fabric,  valve  parts. 


SARAN  (Dow  Chemical  Company) 

Available  in  molding  powder  and  pellets,  film,  tubing,  monofllaments. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.68 — 1.75 

Grams  per  cu.  In 27.18 — 28.53 

Odor Slight  to  None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,000 — 7,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 5,000 — 1 7,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod) 2 — 8 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi   X    1 0s) 0.7—2.0 

Elongation  (%) 10—40 

Rockwell  hardness M50— M65 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volume  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 1  Ol< — 1  Ow 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) ....  Short  time — 400;  stepwise — 340 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 3 — 5 

Dielectric  constant  (1 0s  cycles) 3 — 5 

Dielectric  constant  (106  cycles) 3 — 5 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.03 — 0.08 

Power  factor  (1 0s  cycles) 0.03— 0.1 5 

Power  factor  (106  cycles) 0.03 — 0.05 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  index,  N/D 1 .60 — 1 .63 

Color  range Limited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (cal/cm2/°C/cm/sec,  X   1 0~4) 2.29 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.32 

Thermal  expansion  ( 1 0~5/°Q 1 5 — 1  6 

Softening  point  (°F) 240—280 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 1 50 

Burning  rate Non-flammable 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ('  ,   after  immersion  24  hrs.) Less  than  0.1 

Effect  of  age Darkens  slightly  outdoors;  stable  indoors 

Effect  of  sunlight Darkens  slightly 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Excellent 

Molding  methods Injection,  Extrusion,  Compression 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Resistant  to  1 0.20  and  60%  sulfuric  acid,  1 0%  nitric  acid,  1 0  and  35% 
hydrochloric  acid,  10%  and  glacial  acetic  acid,  oleic  acid,  ethyl 
alcohol,  turpentine,  10%  sodium  hydroxide,  carbon  tetrachloride; 
decomposed  by  chlorine  water,  ethylene  dichloride,  10  and  28% 
ammonia. 


246 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


VINYL  CHLORIDE-ACETATES 

TYPE:  Thermoplastic. 

Elastomeric 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Molded — flexibility;  dimensional  stability;  dielectric  strength;  resistance  to  water,  chemicals 
and  abrasion;  ease  of  moldability  and  fabrication.  Sheeting — Also  resistance  to  tearing  and  scuffing. 
TYPICAL   USES:  Molded — Wire  insulation,  grommets,  shoes,  handbags,  electrical  parts,  bumpers,  cloth  coatings.  Sheeting — 
Raincoats,  umbrellas,  tobacco  pouches,  shoe  tipping  and  foxing,  irrigation  bags  for  burns. 


CHEMACO  VINYL  (Manufacturers  Chem.  Corp.) 

Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.30 — 1.50 

Grams  per  a*,  in 21 .2 — 24.5 

Odor Slight 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3000 — 9000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 11 ,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (tiod) 0.2 — 1 .4 

Modulus  of  elasticity,  (psi  X   10s) 3.5 — 4.1 

Elongation  (%) 200—250 

Rockwell  hardness up  to  M75 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dry  dielectric  strength  (on  2i"  O.O.  extruded  tubing,  volts  per  mil)  700  + 
Wet  dielectric  strength  (on  %'  O.D.  extruded  tubing,  volts  per  mil)  500  + 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 8.3 — 10.5 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 5.0 — 6.0 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.048 — 0.500 

Power  factor  (1 0s  cycles) 0.08— 0.1 2 

Power  factor  (10«  cycles) 0.10 — 0.16 


OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Refractive  Index,  N/D 1.544 

Color  rang* Unlimited 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  (10~4  cal.  »ec.,  em.  °C) 3.9 — 4.0 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram) 0.32— 0.5 1 

Thermal  expansion  (per    C) 6.9 

Top  operating  temperature  (  F) 350 

Softening   point  (°F) 140—200 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 170—250 

Burning  rate — will  not  support  combustion,  but  If  held  in  direct  flame, 
rate  less  than  1'  per  45  seconds. 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow Slight 

Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  24  hn.) 0.1 — 0.6 

Effect  of  age  after  exposure  to  100°  for  200  hn.  no  cracking  when 

bent  around  '  s*  mandrel. 
Effect  of  sunlight Slight 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Injection,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Fair 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Soluble  in  acetone;  resistant  to  water,  acids,  alkali. 


VINYLITE  (Bakelite  Corporation) 

Available  in  molding  powder,  flexible  sheet  and  sheeting.        FLEXIBLE 

MOLDED  SHEETING 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.38  1.26 

Grams  per  cu.  in, 22.6 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1,200  2,800 

Elongation  (%) 1  50—200 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 350 — 400 

Dielectric  constant  (10s  cycles) 

extruded,  1 5.5°  C 4.5 —  6.3 

70°  C 8.3—10.5 

Power  factor  ( 1 0s  cycles) 

extruded,  15.5°  C 0.080 — 0.128 

70°  C 0.048—0.500 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Unlimited  Unlimited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES  FLEXIBLE 

MOLDED  SHEETING 

Burning  rate  (>q.  In.  per  sec.  max.) 

.020  in.  specimen 0.35  Slow 

.040  in.  specimen 0.25 

STABILITY 

Water  absorption  (%  after 

immersion  48  hours) 0.90;  %  soluble  0.1 0—0.20 

matter  lost,  0.20 

Effect  of  age None  None 

Effect  of  sunlight Darkens  on  prolonged  in-  Slight    darkening 

tense  exposure  on  intense   ex- 
posure 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods.  .Injection,  Compression,  Extrusion 

Machining  qualities Excellent 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  alkalies;  reacts  slightly 
with  some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  acids;  unaffected 
by  alkalies,  oxidizing  agents,  most  inorganic  adds,  water,  alcohol 
and  aliphatic  hydrocarbons. 


Rigid 

VINYLITE  (Bakelite  Corporation) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Dimensional  stability,  tensile  strength,  dielectric  strength,  chemical  and  water  resistance. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Phonograph  records,  combs,  toothbrush  handles,  architectural  trim,  cosmetic  containers. 


Available  in  molding  powder. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.34 — 1.36 

Grams  per  cu.  in 21.9 — 22.2 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 5,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.)  (Izod) 0.3—0.6 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (pi!  X   10*) 3.5 — 4.1 

Brinell  hardness 1 2 — 1  5 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 650 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Cokx  range Unlimited 


THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per    C  per  gram) 0.244 

Thermal  expansion  (per  "C  X  10~*1 7 

STABILITY 


Effect  of  age 

Effect  of  sunlight Darkens  on  prolonged  Interne  exposure 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Injection,  Compression,  Extrusion 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  alkalies,  reach  slightly 
with  some  weak  acids,  strong  reducing  and  organic  odds;  unaffected 
by  alkalies,  oxidizing  agents,  most  Inorganic  adds,  water,  alcohols, 
and  aliphatic  hydrocarbons. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


247 


MOLDING  BLANKS 


TYPE:  Thermosetting. 

BAKELITE  MOLDING  BLANK 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Impact  and  flexural  strength. 

TYPICAL   USES:  Valve  handles,  radio  sockets,  practice  bayonets,  switch  parts,  electrical  coils. 

Available  In  board  and  blank.  Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  1 05). . ,                                               11—16 

Specific  gravity 1—1 .35 

Grams  per  cu.  In 1 6.4—22.2  Nelectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 240 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 3,000 — 1 1 ,000  Top  operating  temperature  (°F) . .                                                         302 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 13,000—25,000  w  .                         ,~ 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  with  grain 1 .6—2.0  'r  absorPh<»n  I  7o  o'»er  immersion  24  hrs.) 0.3— .05 

cross  groin 0.6—0.90 Molding  methods. Compression 

CO-RO-LITE  (Columbian  Rope  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  High  impact  strength  and  heat  distortion  temperature;  capacity  for  complex  shapes. 
TYPICAL   USES:   Helmet  liner,  gasoline  tank,  bobbin  head,  tray,  angles,  irregular  channels,  ammunition  box,  fairings. 

THERMAL  PROPERTIES 

Thermal  conductivity  ( 1 0~*  cal.  sec.,  cm.  °C) 2 — 8 

Specific  heat  (cal.  per  °C  per  gram) 0.3—0.4 

Thermal  expansion  (per  °C  X  1 0~5) 7 — 20 

Softening  point  (°F) None 

Distortion  under  heat  (°F) 320 

Burning  rate Very  Slow 

STABILITY 

Tendency  to  cold  flow None  under  safe  working  load 

Water  absorption  (c'c  after  immersion  24  hrs.) 1.5  Maximum 

Effect  of  age Improves  mechanical,  electrical  properties 

Effect  of  sunlight Lowers  surface  resistance 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods low  Pressure,  Compression,  Transfer 

Effect  on  metal  inserts None 

Bulk  factor 6 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  strong  alkalies;  not  affected 
by  reducing  or  organic  acids  or  organic  solvents,  except  hot  phenol; 
resistant  to  water,  aqueous  solutions  and  steam. 


Available  In  molding  blank. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 0.8 — 1 .35 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 0,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 35,000 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1  8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  In.)  (Charpy) 4 

Modulus  of  elasticity  (psi  X  10s) 11 

Shear  strength  (psi)  flatwise 20,000 

edgewise 6,000 

ELECTRICAL  PROPERTIES 

Volyme  resistivity  (ohms  cms) 10"— 101'-' 

Dielectric  strength  (volts  per  mil) 365 

Dielectric  constant  (60  cycles) 7.5 

Dielectric  constant  ( 1  Ofi  cycles) 4.6 

Power  factor  (60  cycles) 0.2 1 

Power  factor  (10*  cycles) 0.04 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Color  range Dark  Shades 


Not*:  Co-Ro-lil«  may  olio  be  impregnated  with  the  ureat,  melaminei  and  thermoplastic  reiint. 


RESIN  FIBRES 


KYS-ITE  (Keyes  Fibre  Company) 

OUrSTAND/NG  QUALITIES:  Impact  and  flexural  strength,  low  cost. 

TYPICAL   USES:  Office  machine  and  other  housings;  trays;  electrical  equipment;  hand  wheels. 

Available  in  finished  products.  STABILITY 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1.39—1.45 

Grams  per  cu.  in 22.7 — 23.7 

Odor None 

Taste None 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 4,500 — 9,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi) 22,800 — 35,200 

Flexural  strength  (psi) 1 2,000 — 1 8,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  flatwise 1.76 — 4.4 

edgewise 0.87—1.63 

OPTICAL  PROPERTIES 

Light  transmission  (%) Opaque 

Color  range Medium  to  Dark  Shades 


Water  absorption  (%  after  immersion  48  hrs.) 0.22—2.39 

Effect  of  boiling  in  water  2  4  hrs None 

Effect  of  age None 

Effect  of  prolonged  sunlight Surface  Discoloration 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  methods Resin  Fibre 

Machining  qualities Good 

Effect  on  metal  inserts Inert 

EFFECT  OF  CHEMICALS 

Decomposed  by  strong  oxidizing  acids  and  strong  alkalies;  slightly  or 
not  affected  by  weak  acids,  weak  alkalies,  and  is  not  affected  by  oils 
and  gasoline,  ethyl  alcohol,  ethyl  ether,  acetone,  xylol,  carbon  tetra- 
chloride,  pyridine. 


RESIN  FIBRES  (Hawley  Products  Company) 

OUTSTANDING  QUALITIES:  Strength,  lowered  pressure  requirement,  comparatively  low  cost. 

TYPICAL  USES:  Refrigerator  panels,  radio  cabinets,  world  globes,  diaphragms  for  loud  speakers,  etc.  Indicated  uses — 
For  parts  with  compound  curves. 

MECHANICAL  PROPERTIES 

Tensile  strength  (psi) 1 5,000 — 20,000 

Compressive  strength  (psi)  edgewise 23,000 — 28,000 


Available  in  pro-forms  and  finished  products. 

GENERAL  PROPERTIES 

Specific  gravity 1 .33 — 1 .35 

FABRICATING  AND  MOLDING  DATA 

Molding  qualities Good 

Molding  methods Compression,  Low  Pressure,  Contact  Pressure 


Flexural  strength  (psi)  ..........................  1  6,000—23,000 

Impact  strength  (ft.  Ibs.  per  notch  in.)  (Izod)  ...............  3.0  —  4.0 


STABILITY 

Water  absorption  ( 


after  immersion  24  hrs.)  ............  0.8  —  1.0 


Notei  Phenolic  reiin«  hove  been  used  hitherto;  the  uie  of  melamine  reiinj  i«  aljo  indkoted. 


248 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


when  the  last 
"BOMB'S  AWAY" 


GLOBE  PLASTICS  WILL  SPEED  YOUR 
RECONVERSION.  To  assure  the  quality  of  your 
product,  you'll  enjoy  real  protection  in  working 
with  Globe,  an  established  leader  in  molded 
plastics  for  stove,  refrigerator  and  kitchen 
cabinet  hardware  and  radio  cabinets. 
Now  production  experience  has  expanded  to 
countless  additional  fields;  from  novelties,  games, 
kitchen  utensils  and  household  appliance  parts 
to  special  precision  built  plastics. 

Modern  methods  available  for  both  compression 
and  injection  molding  .  .  .  and  complete  tool, 
die  and  mold  making  facilities  are  incorporated 
in  our  own  plant. 


Division  of  GLOBE  TOOL  &  MOLDED  PRODUCTS  CO. 


MOLDED    PLASTICS 


Before  hands  and  tools  and  materials  can  give  it 

shape,  a  Boulder  Dam  or  a  new  plastics  product  must  first 

exist  in  the  minds  of  men  who  know  how  to 

think  ahead  of  their  times  .  .  .  and  to  translate  their 

thoughts  into  practical  action. 

That  is  what  Victory  Plastics  Company  offers  you  in 

INGENEERING*:  new  ideas  . . .  sound  counsel  on  the 

right  plastics  materials  .  .  .  development  of  new  fabricating 

techniques  when  necessary  for  economical  production. 

All  await  the  opportunity  to  give  your 

postwar  product  the  competitive  advantage 

of  something  new  in  plastics. 

Victory  Plastics  Company, 

60  Scabbard  Street.,  Hudson, 

Massachusetts. 


PLASTICS     ^COMPANY 

COMPRESSION          .         TRANSFER 

INJECTION          .          LAMINATION 

S  AT  U  R  ATI  O  N 

coprmaHT  ins.  vicTortr  PL»«TIC>  ce. 


250 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Plastics    Products 

The  products  listed  in  the  following  pages  are  those  of  the  various  manufacturers  in  the  industry — the 
molders,  laminators,  fabricators,  coaters,  impregnators,  etc.  This  list  is  intended  to  serve  as  a  buyers' 
source  guide  to  the  manufacturers  who  are  producing  the  thousands  of  plastics  items  now  being  used 

commercially  as  well  as  by  our  military  services. 


Adding  machine  keys 
Cruver  Manufacturing  Co. 

National  Plastics  Inc. 

Adhesive* 

American  Cyanamid  4  Chemical 
American  Cyanamid  Company 
Alkydol  Laboratories,    Inc. 
American    Products    Mfg.   Co. 
American    Resinous    Chemicals 
Beutrx  Corporation 
Casein  Company  of  America 
Chemical    Plastics,    Inc. 
Cordo  Chemical  Corporation 
Oarling  ft  Company 
Dewey  &  Almy  Chemical  Co. 
Durez  Plastics  4  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Durite  Plastics,   Inc. 
Findler.  F.  G.  Co.,  The 
General   Mills,  Inc. 
Goodrich,  B.  F.  Co. 

Koroseal  Div, 
Great  American  Color  Co. 
1 1.  routes  Powder  Company 
Hull  Iron  4  Steel  Fdries.  Ltd. 
Interlake   Chemical    Corporation 
Laucks.  I.  F.,  Inc. 
Makalot  Corporation 
Marhlette  Corp. 
Miracle   Adhesives  Corporation 

k  Adhesive  Products 
Paisley  Products,  Inc. 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Co. 
Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chemical 
Pierce  4  Stevens,  Inc. 
Plaskon  Division 

Libbey- Owens-Ford   Glass  Co. 
Plastite  Adhesive  Cement  Co. 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Scher  Brothers 
Schwartz    Chemical    Co. 
Shawinigan    Products    Corporation 
Synthetic  Resins  Ltd. 
Synvar  Corporation 
Union  Bay  State  Company 
United  States  Rubber  Company 

Nattgatnck  Chemical   Div. 
Varcum    Chemical     Corporation 

Advertising    displays,    novelties 
Anthony  &  Anthony 
Art   Plastic  Company 
Artistic  Plastics 
Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
Bryce  Plastic   Industries 
Carroll.  J.  B.  Co. 
Emetoid  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Frisch.    Arthur   Co. 

il    Plastics  Corporation 
e  Mfg.  Company.  The 
Minnesota    Plastics    Corporation 
Parisian  Novelty  Co. 
Plastic  Die  &  Tool  Corp. 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Scheuer   Manufacturing  Co. 
Smont  liolman  Co. 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 
\Vatrrbury  Companies.  Inc. 
Whitchead  &  Hoag  Co.,  The 
Woodruff  Company,  The 

Div.  Auburn  Button  Works,   Inc. 

Agitators 
Molded  Products  Co. 

Agitators,  washing  machine 
Chicago  Molded   Prod.  Corp. 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 
General  Industries  Co.,   The 
Modern  Plastics  Corp. 
National   Lock  Co. 

Agricultural  equipment 
Chicago   Molded    Products  Corp. 
Universal  Plastics  Corp. 

Aircraft  lighting  parts 
Plastic   Research   Products  Lab. 

Aircraft  parts,   accessories 
Airptastics   Company 
Airply    Forming  Company 
American  Hard  Rubber  Co. 
Associated  Plastics 
Calplasti  Corp. 
Camfirld   Mfg.  Co. 

Products  Corp. 
Themold  Co. 
Cobb  it  Zimraer 
Duramold   Division 
Fairchild  Engine  &  Airplane  Corp. 
Plastic  Co. 

•.!•    Industrial    Prod.    Co. 
Hood  Rubber  Co. 

Div.  Goodrich.   B.  F..  Co. 
Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 
Irwin   Engineering  4   Mfg.   Co. 


(Aircraft  parts  Coat.) 

Johnston  Industrial  Plastics  Ltd. 

Kerr.   R.  W.   Co., 

McDonnell  Aircraft  Corp. 

McOuav  Aircraft   Corporation 

Midwest  Molding  4  Mfg.  Co. 

Perfection  Plastic  Products 

Pioneer  Plastics  Co. 

Plastelite  Engineering  Co. 

Plastifab 

Precision  Fabricators,  Inc. 

Slater,  N.  G.  Corp. 

Smoot-Holman  Co. 

Standard  Products  Co.,  The 

Swedlow   Aeroplastics  Corp. 

Taylor   Fibre  Company 

Technical  Plastics  Co. 

Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 

Weatherhead    Co. 

White,  S.  S.  Dental  Mfg.  Co. 

Wurlitzer,    Rudolph   Company,  The 

York  Plastic  Industries 

Zippy  Corporation 

Aircraft   Propellers 
Formica  Insulation  Co. 
Panelyte   Div. 

St.  Regis  Paper  Co.  _ 

Aircraft  skins 
Allied   Aircraft    Corporation 
Aircraft  windows 
Enka    Plastic    Co. 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corp. 

Ammunition  boxes 
Calplastic   Corp. 
McQuay    Aircraft    Corporation 

Ammunition  chutes 
McQuay   Aircraft  Corporation 

Antenna  masts 
Camfield  Mfg.  Co. 

Appliance  parts 
Industrial    Molded   Products   Co. 

Aprons 

Bortnian  Plastics 
King   Plastics   Corp. 
Paragon    Plastics.    Inc. 

Archery  arrow  parts 
Plastal   Specialties  Company 

Arc  finders 

Martindell    Molding    Co. 
Artificial  eyes 
American  Optical  Company 
Ingwerscn   Manufacturing  Co..   Inc. 

Artificial  limbs,  parts 
Chemold  Co. 
Paramount   Rubber  Co. 

Artificial  teeth 
Austenal  Laboratories.   Inc. 
Ingwerscn    Manufacturing    Co..    Inc 
Justi.   H.   D.  4  Son,  Inc. 

Ash  trays 

Accurate   Molding  Corp. 
American     Extruded     Products,     Inc 
Davies,  Harry  Molding  Co. 
Kurz  Kasch.  Inc. 
Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Novel-Craft    Mfg.    Co. 
Pacific  Plastic  Prod.   Co. 
Reinhold.   F.    E.   Co. 
Richardson  Co.,    The 

Atomiiar  parts 
Amos   Molded   Plastics 

Div.   Amos  Thompson   Corp. 
Parker  Appliance  Co..  The 

Atomliers,  medical 
Plastal  Specialties  Company 

Automobile  certificate   holders 
Kirk   Plastic   Corporation 

Automotive   parts,   accessories 
American    Hard    Rubber   Co. 
American   Insulator  Corp. 
Bav  Manufacturing  Div. 

Electric    Aut^Lite   Co. 
Canadian  General   Electric  Co.    Ltd. 
Capac   Manufacturing  Company 
Continental  Diamond   Fibre   Company 
Erie    Resistor    Corporation 
Firestone    Industrial    Products   Co. 
Franklin     Plastics     Division 

Robinson    Industries,    Inc. 
General    Industries   Co.,   The 
General   Molded  Products 
General   Products    Corp. 
Hoosick    Engineering    Company 


[Auto   ports   Conr.l 

Inland    Manufacturing    Division 

General    Motors   Corp. 
Kuhn  It  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 
Mack    Molding   Co. 
Michigan    Molded    Plastics,    Inc. 
Midwest    Molding  It    Mfg.   Co. 
Mills,   Elmer  E.  Corp. 
Modern    Plastics   Corp. 
Norton    Laboratories,    Inc. 
Paramount   Rubber   Co. 
Peerless    Molded    Plastics,    Inc. 
Peerless  Moulded.  Inc. 
Pittsburgh     Plastics    Company 
Place,    Roland    P.   Co..   Inc. 
Plastic    Manufacturers.   Inc. 
Precision    Fabricators,    Inc. 
Shaw    Insulator   Co. 
Sheller  Mfg.  Corp. 
Sobenite,   Inc. 

Standard   Products  Co.,    The 
Sterling    Plastics   Co. 
Superior  Plastic  Company 
T  Die  Cast  &  Molded  Prod. 
Toledo   Plastics  Co. 
Waterbury   Companies,   Inc. 
Weatherhead    Co. 
White,  S.  S.   Dental  Mfg.  Co. 

Awards 

Whitehcad  &   Hoag  Company.  The 

Back  bars 

Farley    &    Loetscher    Mfg.    Co. 
Backgrounds,  stage  props 
Czecho   Peasant   Art    Co. 

Badges 

Bastian   Bros.  Co. 
Pioneer  Plastic  Corp. 
Slater,  N.  G.  Corp. 
Whitchead   It    Hoag   Company,    The 

Bag  handles 
Baff   Mfg.    Co.,  The 

Ball  cocks 
Plastic    Rubber    Products   Co. 

Balls 

B.   W.   Photo  Utilities 
Keolyn   Plastics  Co. 
Prime  Plastic  Mfg.  Corp. 

Balls,  rattle 
Reliable   Plastics 
div.    Reliable  Toy   Company 

Banjo   guards,   picks 
Granby    Mfg.    Co. 

Banks 

Continental    Plastics  Corp. 
Gits    Molding   Corp. 

Barrel  staves,  headings 
Camfield  Mfg.   Company 
Barrettel 

Jackson.   Jules  4    Co. 
Kingman   E.   B.  Co. 
Kirk,   F.  /.    Molding  Co. 
Modern    Machine   Co. 
Tilton    &    Cook    Co. 
Bars 
Werner,   R.    D.  Co. 

Bathroom  fixtures,  accessories 
Caldwell   Products 
Dura  Plastirs 

Eclipse    Molded   Product*    Co. 
Franklin   Plastics   Div. 

Robinson    Industries,    Inc. 
National    I.o.-k    Co. 
Norton   Laboratories,  Inc. 
Plastic    Molded    Arts   Company 
Schillo   Mfg.    Co. 
Superior    Plastics    Co. 

Battery  boies 
Firestone  Industrial  Prod.  Co. 

Battery  parts 
Bachman    Bros.,    Inc. 

Bearings 
American    Brakelok    Div. 

American   Brake   Shoe  Co. 
Continental  Diamond     Fibre    Co. 
Gatke  Corporation 
Mclncrney    Plastics   Co. 
R  vertex  Div. 
Ryerson  Jos.  T.  4  Son.   In. 

Beauty  equipment  parts 
Raymond    laboratories    Inc. 

Belts,  belting 
Anchor    Plastics   Co. 
Auburn    Button    Works.    Inc 


lB.lt,  CM*.} 

Bortnian    Plastics 
Buchsbaum,  S.  4  Co. 

Billfolds 

Buchsbaum,   S.    ft   Co. 
Binders 

Kampa    Manufacturing   Co 
Sandee    Mfg.   Co. 

Bingo  markers 
Synthetic    Plastics    Corp. 
Binoculars 
Columbia   Protcktosite  Co.,  Inc. 

Bird  baths 
Sewll    Mfg.   Co. 

Blotter  coven 
Virginia    Plak   Company 

Blueprint  protector  holders 
Kirk   Plastic  Corporation 
Boats,  parti 

Allied    Aircraft    Corporation 
Allied     Aviation    Corp. 
Chemold  Co. 
Crosley    Marine 
Wills   and    Roberts    I'lastics 
Manufacturing   Corporation 

Bobbins 

Illini    Molded    Plastic* 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 

Bobby  pins 
t.irkion,   Jules  4  Co. 

Bookbinding 
Anchor    Plastics   Co. 
Industrial     Synthetic*    Corp. 
Kirk.   F.    I.    Molding   Co. 
Midwest   Plastic  Product*  Co. 

Bookends 
Neo-A    Corp. 

Bottle  caps 

\ce    Plastic    Novelty    Company 
Mack    Molding    Ltd. 
Monanlastics,  Inc. 
Warren  Plastics  Corp. 

Bottles 
Colt's  Patent   Fire  Arm*    Mif.  Co. 

Bowling  balls 
American   Hard   Rubber  Company 

Boxes 

American    Molding   Co. 
Arco    Metalcraft.    Inc. 
Bolta   Plastics   Ltd. 
Clover  Box  ft  Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 
Mclnerney   Plastics  Co. 
Mastercraft    Plastics  Co.   Inc. 
Michigan    Molded  Plastic*.  Inc. 
National    Bronre    Studwa 
Rathbun    Molding  Corp. 
Savage.  Jas.  II.  Associate*.  The 
Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 
Vfctorr   Mfg.  Co.    . 
Walerbury  Compame*.  Inc. 

Braces 

Buchsbaum.  S.  ft  Co. 

Brush  backs 
Fuller   Brush   Co..   The 
I.evien.   Ned  G.  Co. 

Brush  handles,  parts 
Ace   Plastic   Novelty   Co. 
Fuller    Brush    Co..    The 
Hyde.  A.  L. 
Levien.    Ned   G.    Co. 
Toledo   Plastics   Co. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company   Inc. 

Brush  holders 
Fuller  Brush  Co.,  The 
Midwest    Molding  4   Mfg.  Co. 

Brushes 

Arco  Metalcraft   Plastics  Co..  Inc. 
Hughe.  Au-orraf   Brush  Co,.   Inc. 
Mastercraft    Plastic*    Co..    Inc. 
Paraplastin.    Inc. 
Shore'-nm   Mfg.  Co.,   Inc. 
Wecolite    Company 

Buckets 

Continental   Can   Co. 

Buckets   (ica.  water,  wine) 
American    Hard    Rubber   Company 


MARCH  1945 


r  LAST  us 


251 


Buckles 

Injection    Molding  Corp. 
Jamison,    H. 
Lindenhurst   Mfg.   Co. 
Piano    Molding    Company 
Ronci,    F.    Company 
Schwanda,    B.    &    Sons 
Shepherd,  J.   H.  Son  &  Company 
Synthetic  Plastics   Co. 
Synthetic   Plastics   Corp. 
Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 
Whyte   Manufacturing  Co. 

Buffer  shields 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Buffing  equipment 
Udylite   Corporation,  The 

Bugles 

Mills,  Elmer  E.  Corp. 

Builders  hardware 
Chicago    Molded    Products    Corp. 
Plastic  &  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 
Richardson   Co.,   The 
Yardley    Plastics  Co. 

Buoys 
U.    S.    Industrial    Plastics    Co. 

Bus   bodies 
Chemold    Co. 

Bushings 

AH    Metal    Screw  Products  Co. 
Chicago   Fabricated    Products 
Continental- Diamond    Fibre   Co. 
McTnerney   Plastics  Co. 
Midwest    Molding   and   Mfg.   Co. 
Waterbury   Companies,   Inc. 
Zippy    Corporation 

Business   machine   products 
Auburn  Button  Works.  Inc. 
Boonton  Molding  Co. 
Shaw   Insulator  Co. 

Burtons 

Alan,   Richard   Button   Co 
Alliance  Button  Co.,  Inc. 
Button  Corporation  of  America 
Caldwell    Product*,     Inc. 
Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Commonwealth   Plastic  Co 
Craven  &  Whittaker  Co. 
Dominion  Button  Mfrs.  Ltd 
Gleich,   Emanuel    D. 
Goro  Manufacturing  Co..  Inc 
Hormant,  Perry  Limited 
Hoffmann    Mfg.    Co. 
Hoosier    Cardinal    Corporation 
Jamison,    H. 

Kayson    Manufacturing    Co .    Inc 
Kenilworth    Plastics    Molding  Co. 
Lindenhurst    Mfg.    Co 
Mack   Molding   Ltd. 
Mitchell    Button   Co.    Limited.   The 
Morrell.    George    Corporation 
New    EneUnd    Novelty    Company 
Phoenix   Plastics   Corp. 
Piano    Molding    Company 
Plastic    Manufacturers.    Inc. 
Plastic- Ware,    Inc. 
Ply-Tex  Mfg.  Corp. 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Schwanda.  B.  *  Sons 
Superior    Plastics   Corporation 
Synthetic   Plastics   Co. 
Synthetic  Plastics  Corp. 
Tri-United   Plastics   Corp 
Universal    Button    Fastening    & 

Button  Co.  of  Panada  Ltd 
Victory  Button  Co.,  Inc. 
Victory   Mfg.   Co. 

Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Wat"l"iry  .Companies.   Inc 
York  Plastic  Industries 

Cabinets 
Victory  Plastics  Co. 

Cable  clamps 
Continental    Plastics   Corp. 

Cake  breakers 
Caldwell  Products,  Inc. 

Cake  decorators 
Wecolite    Company 

Calculating   machine    parts 
Gibbs   Manufacturing 

Calculators 
Bastian   Bros.   Co. 
Cruver  Mfg.  Co. 
Felsenthal,  G.  &  Sons 
Hopp   Press   Inc.,   The 
Parisian   Novelty   Company 
Pioneer   Plastic   Corp 
Virginia  Plak  Company 
Whitehead  &  Hoag  Company.  The 

Calendar  cards 
Bastian  Bros.   Co. 
Carroll.   J.    B.    Co. 
Virginia   Plak  Company 

Calendar  pads,  bases 
Martindell    Molding   Co. 

Calendar,   paper  holders 
Vargish    and    Company 


Camera  cases 
Butterfield,  T.  F.  Inc. 
Continental   Plastics   Corp. 
Molded    Products    Co. 

Camera  parts 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Butterfield.   T.   F.   Inc. 
Victory    Mfg.    Co. 

Cameras 

Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Candle  holders 
Plastic   Creations  of  Hollywood 
Precision    Specialties 

Candlesticks 
International  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Candy   boxes 
Arco  Plastic   Products  Co. 
Neo-A  Corp. 

Candy  dishes 
Diemolding    Corp. 
Victory    Mfg.    Co. 

Cap  covers 
Buchsbaum.  S.,  &  Co. 

Caps,  Closures 

American  Flange  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Anchor  Hocking  Glass  Corporation 
Arco  Metalcraft,  Inc. 
Armstrong  Cork  Company 
Colt's  Patent  Fire  Arms  Mfg.  Co. 
Duramold  Plastics 
Grigoleit  Co. 

Maico  Company.  Inc.,  The 
Martindell  Molding  Co. 
Owens-Illinois  Glass  Company 
Pittsburgh  Plastics  Company 
Piano  Molding  Company 
Plastic  Engineering,  Inc. 
Plastic  Molding  Corp. 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corp. 
Victor  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Wheeling  Stamping  Company 
Win,  A.  H.,  Inc. 

Card  boxes 
Arco  Plastic  Products  Co. 

Card   holders 
Cruver  Mfg.  Co. 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
Plastex  Corporation 
Plastiques  Labs.,   Thi 
Slater.  N.  G.  Corp. 
Vargish  and  Company 

Cards 

Hppp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Carvings,   furniture 
Walter,  John  &  Sons  Limited 

Cases 

Amos  Molded  Plastics   Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Paramount  Rubber  Co. 
Rathbun  Molding  Corp. 
Robb.  Joseph  &  Co.  Ltd. 

Casings  (for  electrical  specialties) 
Eagle  Plastics  Corp. 

Casket  parts 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

Caskets 
Chemold  Co. 

Casters,  wheels 
American  Brakeblok  Division 

American  Brake  Shoe  Company 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Chicago  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
Molded  Products  Co. 
National  Lock  Co. 

Catches 
National  Lock  Co. 

Chairs 
Allied  Aviation  Corp. 

Charts 

Carroll.  J.   B.   Co. 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 
Printloid.   Inc. 
Slater,  N.  G.  Corp. 

Chassis  shields 
Printloid  Inc. 

Chemical   process   eqpt.,   supplies 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Haveg  Corporation 

Cigar,  cigarette   holders 
Jamison,  H. 

Cigarette   boxes  and  cases 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
Arco  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Arpin   Products.   Inc. 
Buchsmaum,  S.  &  Co. 
General   Plastics   Corporation 
Neo-A  Corp. 


[Cigarette  boxes  and  cases  ContJ 
Nosco  Plastics  Div. 

National  Organ  Supply  Co. 
Ornamental  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 
Paraplastics,  Inc. 
Plasti  Mode  Novelty  Co. 
Plastic   and    Rubber    Prod.    Co. 
Plastic  Creations  of  Hollywood 
Savage,  Jas.  H.  Associates,  The 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
T-Die  Cast  &  Molded  Products 
Vargish  and  Company 

Cigarette  lighters 
St.  Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Company 

Circuit  breakers,  parts 
American  Molding  Co. 
Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 
Square  "D"  Co. 

Cleaners 

Pierce  &  Stevens,  Inc. 
Schwartz  Chemical  Co. 

Clips 

Alden  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Commercial  Plastics  Co. 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
Technical  Plastics  Co. 

Clock  cases 

Chicago  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson   Industries,  Inc. 
Molded  Products  Co. 
Novel-Craft  Mfg.  Co. 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 
Stokes,  Joseph  Rubber  Company 

Clock  crystals 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Cloisonette  sheeting 
Gemloid  Corporation 

Closet  accessories 
Ben  Hur  Products,  Inc. 
Kingman,  E.  B.  Co. 

Clothespins 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Columbus  Plastics   Products.  Inc. 

Clothes  sprinklers 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Coasters 

Davies.  Harry  Molding  Co. 
Dominion  Plastics  Limited 
Fuller  Brush  Co..  The 
Plastimold,    Inc. 
Vargish  and  Company 

Coat  hangers 
Bolta    Plastics   Ltd. 
tluchsbaum.    S.    &    Co. 
Kingman,    E.    B.    Co. 
National  Bronze  Studios 
National  Tool  &   Mfg.  Co. 
Plastic  Creations  of  Hollywood 

Coatings    (incl.    insulation, 

lacquers) 

Alkydol  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Allied  Asphalt  &  Mineral  Corp. 
American  Pipe  and  Construction  Co. 
American  Products  Mfg.  Co. 
American  Resinous  Chemical  Corp. 
Bach.  Leo 

Bakelite  Corporation 
Cello-Plastic  Chemical   Co. 
Chemical  Plastics,  Inc. 
Cordo  Chemical  Corporation 
Dewey  A  Almy  Chemical  Co. 
Dow-Corninj?  Corporation 
Durez  Plastics  4  Chemicals,   Inc. 
Durite  Plastics,  Inc. 
General  Mills.  Inc. 
Goodrich,  B.  F.  Company 

Chemical  Division 

Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber  Company 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Heresite  &  Chemical  Company 
Industrial  Tape  Corporation 
Jones-Dabney  Co. 
Makalot  Corporation 
Marblette  Corp. 
Marley  Chemical  Co. 
Monsanto  Chemical  Company 

Everett   Div. 

Pacific  Tank  It  Industrial  Coating  Co. 
Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chemical 
Perma-Plastic-Seal  Co. 
Pierce  4  Stevens,  Inc. 
Plastiphane  Company  of  America 
Plastite  Adhesive  Cement  Co. 
Poly  Resins 

Shawinigan  Products  Corporation 
Speed-O-Laq  Products  Co. 
Stresen-Reuter,  Fred'k.  A.,  Inc. 
Synthetic   Resins   Ltd. 
Synvar  Corporation 
Union  Bay  State  Company 
United  Chromium,   Incorporated 
United  States  Rubber  Company 

Naugatuck  Chemical  Div. 
Varcum  Chemical  Corporation 
Wills   &    Roberts   Plastics 

Mfg.   Corp. 


[Coatings  Conf.l 

Wilmington  Chemical  Corporation 

Zapon  Division 

Atlas  Powder  Company 

Cockpit  canopies 
Cournand,  E.  L.  &  Co. 
Smoot-Holman  Co. 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corporation 

Cocktail  shakers 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 

Coffee  makers 
SUex  Company,  The 

Coffee  pot  handles 
B.  W.  Photo  Utilities 
Molded  Products  Co. 

Coil  forms 

Alden  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
Cinch  Mfg.  Corp. 
Greenhut  Insulation  Company 
Precision  Paper  Tube  Co. 
Printloid,  Inc. 

Coils 
Carter  Products  Corporation 

Combs 

Aceteloid  Novelty  Co. 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
American  Hard  Rubber  Co. 
Arco  Metalcraft,  Inc. 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
Ben  Hur  Products,  Inc. 
Bolta  Plastics,  Ltd. 
Canadian  Industries  Limited 
Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 
Craven  &  Whittaker  Co. 
Foster  Grant  Co.,  Inc. 
Fuller  Brush  Co.,  The 
Gemloid  Corporation 
Granby  Mfg.  Co. 
Hermant,    Percy    Limited 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Jamison,  H. 

Kayson   Manufacturing  Co.,  Inc. 
Kingman,  E.  B.  Co. 
Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Modglin  Co. 
Pan  American  Mfg.  Co. 
Sboreham   Mfg.  Co..  Inc. 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Tilton  &  Cook  Co. 

Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Co. 

Commodes 
Hermant,  Percy  Limited 

Commodes,   infants' 
Reliable   Plastics 

div.  Reliable  Toy  Company 

Communication  parts 
Associated  Plastics 
General  Molded  Parts 

Compacts 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
Artcraft  Plastics  Corp. 
Barnes,   Ralph   Moulded  Plastics 
Cincinnati    Advertising   Products  Co. 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 
Grotelite  Mfg.  Co. 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Irwin  Engineering  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Jamison,  H. 

Kenilworth  Plastics  Molding  Co. 
Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Miracle  Plastic  Mfg.   Co. 
Ornamental  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 
Pan  American  Mfg.  Co. 
Paraplastics,  Inc. 
Plastic  and  Rubber  Products  Co. 
Plastic  Moulded  Art  Co. 
Superior  Plastics  Corporation 
T-Die  Cast  &  Molded  Products 
Utah  Plastic  &  Die-Cast  Co.,  Inc. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Whyte   Manufacturing   Co. 

Compasses 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Computers 
Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
Carroll,  J.   B.   Co. 
Felsenthal.  G.  &  Sons 
Parisian    Novelty   Co. 
Virginia  Plak  Company 

Condenser  tops 
Illini  Molded  Plastics 

Conduit  fittings 
Illini  Molded  Plastics 

Connectors 

Alden  Products  Co.,  Inc. 
National  Fabricated  Products 

Container  parts,  cosmetic 
All   Metal  Screw  Products  Co. 

Containers 
Calplasti    Corp. 
Celluplastic  Corp. 
Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 


252 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


OMNI 

PRODUCTS 
CORPORATION 

4O      EAST      34      STREET 
NEW    YORK    16,    NEW    YORK 


EXPORT 
DISTRIBUTORS 


OF 


PLASTIC  MATERIALS 
PLASTIC  MACHINERY 


AND 


EQUIPMENT 


•  OWN     OFFICES     AND     AGENCIES 
THROUGHOUT      THE       WORLD 


tContoiners  Cent.] 
Centinental   Plastics   Corp. 
Lusteroid  Container  Company,  Inc. 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
National  Transparent  Box  Co. 
National  Transparent  Plastics   Co. 
Paramount  Rubber  Co. 
Plastal    Specialties    Company 
Plastics,    Inc. 
Precision  Paper  Tube  Co. 
Printloid,    Inc. 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corp. 
Waterbury    Companies,    Inc. 
VVhyte  Manufacturing  Co. 

Containers,   cosmetic 
A.  J.  &  K.  Company 
Allan,  Richard  Button  Co. 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
Atlantic  Plastics,  Inc. 
Colts'  Patent  Fire  Arms  Mfg.  Co. 
Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 
Columbus  Plastic  Products,  Inc. 
Gits  Molding  Corp. 
Grigoleit  Co. 
Kurz-Kasch,  Inc. 
Maico  Company,  Inc..  The 
National  Plastics  Inc. 
Norton  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Plastic  4  Die  Cast  Products 
Polaray  Company 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
T  Die  Cast  4  Molded  Products 
Victor  Metal  Products  Corp. 
Warren  Plastics  Corp. 

Containers,   mustard 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 

Containers,   pill 
Mack  Molding  Ltd. 

Containers,  salt,   pepper 
Modglin  Co. 
Oris  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Containers,  transparent 
Transparent   Specialties   Corporation 

Cookie  cutters 
American  Molding  Co 
Hutzler  Mfg.  Co. 
Plastimold  Inc. 

Cookie  Makers 
Wecolite  Company 

Cosmetic   items 
House  of   Plastics 
Paraplastics  Inc. 

Counter,  bar  tops 
Beck,  I.  4  Sons.  Inc. 
Farley  4  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 

Covers 

Butterfield.  F.  P..  Inc. 
Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Duralyt,   Inc. 
Kuhn  *  Jacob  Molding  It  Tool  Co. 

Covers,  gun  muzzle 
Design  Center  Inc. 
National  Transparent  Box  Co 
National   Transparent   Plastics  Co. 

Covers,    license    plate 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Covers  (book,  magazine,  menu) 
Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Enbee  Transparent  Specialty  Co. 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Crystals 
Felsenthal.  G.,  4  Sons 

Crystals,  instrument 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 

Crystals,   watch 
Germanow  Simon  Machine  Co. 

Cups 

Barnes,  Ralph,  Moulded  Plastics 
Tn. United   Plastics  Corp. 
Yardley  Plastics  Company 

Cups,  measuring 
Wecolite  Company 

Curtain  tie  backs 
Prime  Plastic  Mfg.  Corp. 

Curtains,    window,    shower 
Buchsbaum,  S.  4  Co. 

Cuspidors 
Plastic  Mfg.  Co.  of  California 

Cutlery 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 

Cutlery  handles 
American   Insulator  Corp. 
Imperial   Molded  Products  Corp. 
Kurz-Kasch  Inc. 
Mastercraft  Plastics  Co.,  Inc. 
Plastimold  Inc. 


Decalcomanias 
Adams,  S.  G.  Co. 
American    Decalcomania    Company 
Austin,  O.  Co.,  The 
International  Decalcomania  Corp. 
Meyercord  Co.,  The 
National  Decalcomania  Corp. 
Palm  Bros.  Decalcomania  Co.,  The 
Palm,  Fechteler  4  Co. 

Decorative  parts 
Daystrom  Corp. 
Farley  &  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
General   Plastics   Corporation 
House  of  Plastics 
Parkwood  Corporation 

Dental  models 
Columbia  Dentoform  Corp. 
Ingwersen  Manufacturing  Company, 

Dental  specialties 
Ingersoll    Plastics   Co. 
Nichols    Products   Company 

Denture  base  resins 
Austenal  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Desk  pads 
St.  Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Company 

Desk  sets 

Baff  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Plasticraft   Specialties 

Dial  parts 
Gemloid  Corp. 

Dials 

Buckley,  C.  E.,  Company 
.Carroll,  J.  B.  Co. 
Crowe  Name  Plate  4  Mfg.  Co. 
Emeloid  Co.,  Inc..  The 
Felsenthal,  G.  4  Sons 
Glass,  Harry  H.  4  Brother 
Hppp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
Mica  Insulator  Company 
Parisian   Novelty  Company 
Pennsylvania    Plastics   Corporation 
Pioneer  Plastic  Corp. 
Plastic   Fabricators  Co. 
Printloid  Inc. 
Rohbins  Company,  The 
Valley    Manufacturing   Co. 
Virginia  Plak  Company 

Dice 

Mastercraft  Plastics  Co.  Inc. 
Rosenberg  Brothers 
Silverloid    Company,  The 
York  Plastic  Industries 

Die  patterns  (for  metal  casting) 
Shaw  Insulator  Co. 

Dishes 

Ciecho  Peasant  Art  Co. 
Pacific    Plastic   Prod.   Co. 
Plastic  Mfg.  Co.  of  California 
Plastics  Inc. 
Victory   Mfg.   Co. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 

Dispenser  bases 
Stokes,  Joseph   Rubber   Company 

Display  boxes 
Gemloid  Corp. 

Display   sign   holders 
Empire  Plastics  Co.  Ltd. 
Vargish  and  Company 

Display  signs 
Felsenthal,  G.  4  Sons 
Long  Island  Engraving  Co. 
Virginia  Plak  Company 

Displays 

Anthony  4  Anthony 
Artistic  Plastics 
Crystal  Fixture  Company 
House  of  Plastics 
Johnston    Industrial   Plastics   Ltd. 
Klise    Manufacturing   Company,   Inc. 
Matzner,   S.   Co. 

Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 
Orna  Plastics  Co. 
Solar  Plastic  Pro.  Co. 
Transparent    Specialties    Corporation 

Dog  chains 
Buchsbaum,  S.  &  Co. 

Dominoes 
Silverloid   Company,   The 

Doors 
Farley  &  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 

Doughnut  cutters 
Wecolite  Company 

Dowels 
Meissner  Manufacturing  Co. 

Drafting   instruments 
Virginia    Plak    Company 

Drain  stoppers 
Kampa  Manufacturing  Co. 

Drapery  fixtures 
Piano  Molding  Company 


Dress  ornaments 
Commonwealth  Plastic  Co. 
New  England  Novelty  Company 

Dresser  sets 
Athol  Comb  Co. 
Celomat  Corporation 
Gemloid  Corp. 
Plastic  Molded  Arts  Company 

Dressing  table  tops 

Van   Arnam   Manufacturing  Co. 

Drinking  cups,  collapsible 
Wecolite   Company 

Drinking  straws 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 

Dryers 
Wahl  Clipper  Corporation 

Ear  plugs 
Plastic  and   Rubber  Prod.  Co. 

Easels 

Barren,  J.   E.  4  Associates 
Plastiques  Laboratories,  The 

Educational  products 
National   Fabricating   Co. 

Egg  cups 
Reliable  Plastics 

Div.  Reliable  Toy  Company 
Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 

Electric  fans 
Plastic  Engineering,  Inc. 

Electric  hair  clippers 
Wahl   Dipper  Corporation 

Electrical  appliances,  parts 
Ackerman  Plastic  Molding 
Butterfield.   T.   F.,   Inc. 
Canadian  General   Electric  Co.  Ltd. 
Mica    Insulator   Company 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Plastic  Appliance  Co. 
Silex    Company,   The 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corp. 
Waterbury    Companies.    Inc. 
Wilcox  Plastics  Molding  Co. 
Electrical  equipment 
(see  also  Fuses  and  parts.  Insulating 

parts,   Plugs,   Wire.   Insulated 

Wiring  Devices) 
Alan,  Richard  Button  Co. 
Alden  Products  Co. 
American   Insulator  Corn. 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Associated   Plastics 
Burndy    Engr.    Co..    Inc. 
Canadian  General  Electric  Co.   Ltd. 
Cobb  4  Zimmer 

Continental-Diamond    Fibre   Company 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 
Firestone    Industrial    Prod.    Co. 
Frank,  Aug.  C.  Co. 
General    Molded    Products 
Glade   Mfg.   Co. 
Gulliksen,  Wm.  M.  Mfg.  Co. 
Hale  Brothers  Limited 
Howard  Plastics,  Inc. 
Hydropack 

Industrial  Molded  Products  Co. 
International  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Kampa   Manufacturing  Co. 
Kellogg  Switchboard  4  Supply  Co. 
Kenilworth  Plastics  Molding  Co. 
Kerr,  R.  W.  Co. 

Kuhn  4  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 
Littelfuse.   Inc. 
Maple   Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Martindell    Molding  Co. 
Midwest  Molding  4  Mfg.  Co. 
Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 
Oris  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Perfection  Plastic  Products 
Pittsburgh  Plastics  Company 
Precision  Fabricators,  Inc. 
Pyro   Plastics  Company 
Rainbow  Plastic  Ltd. 
Reinhold-Geiger  Plastics 
Royal  Moulding  Company 
Shaw  Insulator  Co. 
Smith  4  Stone  Limited 
Square  "D"  Co. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 
Taylor  Mfg.   Co. 
Trenton  Plastic  4  Metals  Co. 

Div.  Circle  F.  Mfg.  Co. 
Trimm.    Inc. 

Van    Norman    Molding   Co. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
Waterbury  Companies,   Inc. 
Windman  Brothers 
Yardley  Plastics  Company 
Zippy  Corporation 

Electrode  holder 
Jackson    Products 

Electronic  equipment 
Micamold  Radio  Corp. 

Electroplating  equipment 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Embalming  supplies 
Embalmers'    Supply   Co.,    The 


Emblems 
Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
\Vhitehead  4  Hoag  Company,  The 

Envelopes 

Cel-U-Dex    Corporation 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Reefer,  E.  T.  &  Co. 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
National  Transparent  Box  Co. 
National  Transparent  Plastics  Co. 
Transparent   Specialties  Corporation 

Eraser  ferrules 
Essex   Corporation 

Erasure  shields 
Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Escutcheons 
National  Lock  Co. 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 

Eye  cups 

Willson    Products,    Inc. 

Eye  glass  frames 

Willson    Products,   Inc. 

Eye  glass  temples 
All  Metal  Screw  Products  Co. 

Eye  molding  equipment 
Obrig  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Eye  shields 
Tackson  Products  Inc. 
kerr.  R.  W.  Co. 
National  Transparent  Box  Co. 
National  Transparent  Plastics  Co. 

Eyelets 

Kirk.  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Watebury  Companies,  Inc. 

False  fingers,  magicians' 
Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 

Fasteners,  baby  blanket 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 

Fastening  devices 
Monaplastics,    Inc. 

Feeding  sets,  infants' 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 
Reliable  Plastics 

Div.  Reliable  Toy  Company 

Ferrules 
Knoedler,  Alphonse  4  Co. 

Fifes 
Penzel.  Mueller  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Figures 
Modern  Solid-Art  Co. 

Fillers,  crack 
Evans  Chemical  Corporation 

Film  cartridges,  camera 
Plastal   Specialties  Company 

Biters,  washers,  pipe 
Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 

Finishes 

McDougall-Butler  Co.,  Inc. 
Screen  Process  Co. 

Fire  control  parts 
Hood   Rubber   Co.    Div. 

B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 

Fishing    equipment,    supplies 

Tngwersen    Manufacturing   Company 
Shepherd,  J.   II.   Son  4  Company 

Flashlights 

Bright  Star  Battery  Co. 
Gemloid  Corp. 
Gits    Molding    Corp. 
Haas  Company,  The 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  The 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Superior  Plastic  Company 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corp. 

Floats,  tank 
Church.  C.  F.  Mfg.  Co. 

Floats,  water  closet 
National  Tool  4  Mfg.  Co. 
Plastic   and    Rubber    Prod.    Co. 

Flourescent  lighting  parts 
Superior  Plastic  Company 

Fluorescent  lighting  shields 
General    Plastics   Corporation 

Flowmeters 
Illini   Molded   Plastics 

Food  strainer  parts 
Washburn  Company,  The 

Formed  sections 
Clover  Box  4  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Fuel  lines 

Dorman   Product,   Inc. 
Funnels 

Kilgore   Mfg.   Co. 
Oris  Mfg.   Co.,  Inc. 
Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 


f      «   >.    i    i  >    >. 


D/^U     1Q/|.» 


PARTS  or  PRODUCTS 


PYRO 


A  plastics  part  made  to  precision  measurements 
or  a  merchandising  idea  reproduced  a  million 
times  in  plastic  .  .  .  these  are  typical  of  the  pro- 
duction problems  we  encounter  daily  at  PYRO. 
We  have  the  plant  facilities  and  the  engineering 
personnel  .  .  .  available  to  a  limited  number  of 
manufacturers  who  prefer  to  work  closely  with 
MS.  Here  at  PYRO  your  molding  jobs  get  the  per- 
sonal attention  of  one  of  our  principals.  Our  mold- 


*t 


ing  presses  which  have  been  working  overtime  on 
war  items  are  again  available  for  the  production 
of  needed  civilian  goods.  We  are  particularly  in- 
terested in  the  molding  of  plastics  in  these  fields: 
Jewelry,  Toys.  Novelties.  Electrical,  Houseware. 
Hardware,  Advertising  Premiums,  etc.  We  invite 
you  to  visit  us  at  Westfield.  N.  J.,  and  bring  your 
problems  along.  If  you  cannot  do  that,  write  us 
in  detail  today. 


THE  PYRO  PLASTICS  COMPANY 

WESTFIELD          •          NEW    JERSEY 


10,4 1 


I    .1  hi  V  t  f  *i 


Furniture 

Aircraft  Plastics  Corp. 
House  of   Plastics 
Industrial  Arts  Inc. 
Lawrence  &  Hunter 
Parkwood    Corporation 
Scheuer  Manufacturing  Co. 
Southern  Plastics  Company 

Furniture,  ornaments 
Barwood  Products  Co. 

Furniture    parts,   accessories 
Capac  Mfg.  Co. 
Grosfeld  House,  Inc. 
House  of   Plastics 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

Fuses,  parts 

Economy  Fuse  and  Mfg.  Co. 
Perfection  Plastic  Products 
Warren  Plastics  Corg. 

Game  parts 
Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 
Synthetic  Plastics  Corp. 

Games 

Butterfield.  T.  F.  Inc. 
Globe  Molded  Plastics 
Precision  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Garter  parts 
Victory  Button  Co.,  Inc. 

Garters 
Buchsbaum.  S.  St  Co. 

Gas  station  supplies 
Plastic  Engineering,   Inc. 

Gaskets 

Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
Resistoflex  Corporation 
Robb,  Joseph  &  Co.  Ltd. 

Gauge  parts,  handles 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 
Gibbs  Manufacturing 

Gauges,  gasoline 
Barren,   J.   E.  &   Associates 

Gear  blanks 
Chicago  Fabricated  Products 

Gear  material 
Taylor  Fibre  Company 

Gear-shift  balls 
American  Insulator  Corp. 
Rosenberg  Brothers 

Gears 

Bangor  Plastics,  Inc. 

Div.   Modern  Plastics  Corp. 
Continental-Diamond  Fibre  Company 
Formica  Insulation  Co. 
Greaves  Machine  Tool  Co. 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
Taylor  Fibre  Company 

Gift  items 
Art  Plastics  Co. 
Barwood  Products  Co. 
Bend-A-Lite  Plastics  Division 
Bryce   Plastic  Industries 
California   Craftsmen 
Industrial  Arts  Inc. 
Johnston  Industrial  Plasti<-s  Ltd. 
KiUore  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Lawrence   &    Hunter 
Lustra  Cite   Industries 
Merri-Plastic    Co. 
Parkwood    Corporation 
Plas-Tex    Corporation 
Savage,  Jas.  H.,  Associates,  The 

Goggles 
Craven   &   Whittaker  Co. 

Farrington  Manufacturing  Company 
National    Varnished   Prod.   Corp 
Oris  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Sellstrom   Manufacturing  Co. 
Stack  Plastics  Company 

Golf  tees 

Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 

Grommets 

Bachmann  Bros.,  Inc. 
Parisian  Novelty  Com] 
Printloid  Inc. 

Gun  butts 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Hair  curlers 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Whyte   Manufacturing  Co. 

Hair  ornaments 
Aceteloid    Novelty   Co. 
Ben   Bur   Products,    Inc. 
Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Commonwealth   Plastic  Co. 
Foster   Grant   Co.,   Inc. 
Injection   Molding  Corp. 
Kayson    Manufacturing  Co.,   Inc. 
New    England    Novelty   Company 
Whyte   Manufacturing  Co. 
Wintrob,  M.  &  Sons  Limited 


pany 


Hair  retainers 
Crown  Fastener  Corp. 

Hairpins 
Tilton  &  Cook  Co. 

Hammers 

New  Plastic  Corporation 
Plastex  Corporation 

Hamper  tops 
Van  Arnam  Manufacturing  Co. 

Handbag  accessories 
Aceteloid   Novelty  Co. 
Associated  Plastics 
Goro  Manufacturing  Co.  Inc. 
Granby  Mfg.  Co. 
Kingman,  E.  B.  Co. 
Musser.  H.  M.  &  Co. 
Ply  Tex    Mfg.   Corp. 
Prime  Plastic  Mfg.  Corp. 
Stars  &  Stripes  Plastics  MIR.  Co. 
Superior  Plastics  Corporation 

Handbag  frames 
Franklin   Plastics   Division 
Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
Kingman.  F,.  B.  Co. 
Tilton  &  Cook  Co. 

Handbag  ornaments 
Hoffmann  Mfg.  Co. 
Kingman,  E.  B.  Co. 

Handbags 
Plastic  Molded  Arts  Company 

Handle  grips 
Firestone    Industrial    Prod.   Co. 

Handles 

Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 
American  Hard   Rubber  Company 
Amos   Molded   Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Barnes,   Ralph.   Moulded   Plastics 
Columbus  Plastic  Products.   Inc. 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 
Dimco  Plastics 
General   Industries  Co.,  The 
Imperial   Molded  Products  Corp. 
International    Molded    Plastics,    Inc. 
Kenilworth    Plastics   Molding   Co. 
Kirk.  F.  T.  Molding  Co. 
Kuhn  St  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 
.Martindell   Molding  Co. 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics.  Inc. 
Moulded    Plastic    Specialties    Reg'd 
Robb,  Joseph  It  Co.  Ltd. 
Waterbury  Companies.  Inc. 
Windman  Brothers. 

Handles  (for  bombs) 
National  Transparent  Box  Co. 
National  Transparent  Plastics  Co. 

Handwheels 
Keyes  Fibre  Company 
Recto  Molded  Products  Inc. 

Hangers 
Percy  Herman!  Limited 

Hardware 

Brandenburg,   Melford  F. 
Globe  Tool  &  Molded  Products  Co. 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 
National    Lock   Co. 
Pan  American  Mfg.  Co. 
Plastic  Molding  Corp. 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Sobenite,  Inc. 

T  Die  Cast  &  Molded  Products 
\\ashburn  Company 

Hardware  fixtures 
Piano  Molding  Company 

Hearing  aids 

Krnilworth  Plastics  Molding  Co. 
Multi  Products  Tool  Co. 
Superior   Plastic  Company 

Helmet  liners 
Firestone   Industrial    Prod.   Co. 

Helmets,    protective 
Paramount  Rubber  Co. 
Sellstrom   Manufacturing  Co. 

Hoots 

Jamison.  H. 

N'ew    Plastic    Corporation 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Victory  Button  Co.,  Inc. 

Hose,  flexible 
Resistoflex    Corp. 

Household  appliances,  items 
American   Insulator  Corp. 
Eastern  Plastics  Products  Corp. 
Emeloid   Co..  Inc..   The 
General   Molded  Products 
General  Plastics  Corporation 
Globe    Molded    Plastics 
House    of    Plastics 
Kampa  Manufacturing  Co. 
Kilgore  Mfg.  Co. 
Nu-Ddl  Mfg.  Co. 
Pittsburgh   Plastics  Company 
Plastic  &  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 


[Household  Qpplrances,  items  Cant.] 
Plastic  Die  St  Tool  Corp. 
Plastic  Engineering.  Inc. 
Richardson   Co.,  The 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 
Windman  Bros. 

Housewares 
Art  Plastics  Co. 
Bachmann  Bros.,  Inc. 
Brandenburg.   Melford  F. 
Butterfield.  T.   F..   Inc. 
Caldwell  Products,  Inc. 
Columbus  Plastic  Products,  Inc. 
Dimco  Plastics 
Industrial  Specialties,  Inc. 
Irwin   Engineering  &   Mfg.   Co. 
Kilgore  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Plas-Tex  Corp. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 

Housings 
Duralyt,  Inc. 

General    Plastics   Corporation 
Windman  Brothers 

Housings,   bomb 
Levien,  Ned  G.,  Co. 

Housings,  frames,  bus.  mach. 
Keyes    Fibre    Company 

Housings,   loop  antenna  for  radio 

compasses 
Czecbo  Peasant  Art  Co. 

Housings,  tap  switch 
Kerr,  R.  W.  Co.. 

Housings,  volt  and  ammeter 
General   Industries  Co.,  The 

Identification   card   cases 
Transparent   Specialties  Corporation 

Identification  cards 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
Parisian    .\..vclty    Co. 

Identification    devices    for 

Army,  Navy 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
Parisian  Novelty  Co. 
Plastifab 

Index  tabs 

Cel-U-Dex  Corporation 
Universal   Index  Tab  Co. 

Industrial   parts,   items 
Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 
California  lM.i*tir   Moulding  Co. 
Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg.  Co 
Columbia  Plastics   Mfg.   Corp. 
Diemolding  Corp. 
Firestone   Industrial  Prod.  Co. 
General    Plastics  Corporation 
Hoffmann   Mfg.   Co. 
Hoffman  Mfg.  Co. 
House   of    Pla-ti,'s 
Moulded    Plastic   Specialties  Reg'd 
Northwest   Plastics   Inc. 
Plastic    Products,    Inc. 
White.  Thos.  J.   I'l.istics  Co. 

Infants'  specialties,  novelties 
Athol  Comb  Co. 
B.  W.  Molded  Plastics 
Pacific   Plastic   Prod.   Co. 

Inhalers 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 

Inkwell  bases 
Martindell   Molding  Co. 

Inkwell  covers 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Ink  wells 
Kampa  Manufacturing  Co. 

Insecticide  spray  guns 
Plastic  Engineering,  Inc. 

Instrument  cases 
Emeloid  Co.,   Inc..  The 
Judson,  W.  Haddon.  Mfg.  Co. 
Waterbury  Companies.   Inc. 

Instrument  covers 
Kirk   Plastic   Corporation 
Parisian   Novelty  Co. 
Printloid   Inc. 

Instrument  panels 
Ansonia  Clock  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Glass,  Harry  H.  &  Brother 
Mclnerney    Plastics  Co. 
Pennsylvania    Plastics    Corporation 
Pioneer  Plastic  Corp. 

Instrument  parts 
Clover  Box  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Monoplastics.    Inc. 
Multi-Products  Tool  Co. 

Instrument,   relay    bases,   covers 
Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 

Instruments,   Navy 
Levien,  Ned  G.  Company 


Insulating  parts 

American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Brand,   William   &   Company 
Carter   Products  Corporation 
Continental-Diamond  Fibre   Company 
Electronic  Mechanics,  Inc. 
Electronic  Plastics  Company 
Johnston  Industrial  Plastics  Ltd. 
Kurz-Kasch,  Inc. 
Lamicoid  Fabricators,  Inc. 
Mclnernev   Plastics  Co. 
Mack  Moiding  Ltd. 
National  Fabricating  Co. 
National  Varnished  Products  Corp. 
National  Vulcanized  Fibre  Co. 
Potter  &  Brumfield  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Printloid,  Inc. 
Retnhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Reinhold-Geiger  Plastics 
Steiner  Manufacturing  Co. 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Surprenant   Electrical   Insulation   Co. 
Ucinite  Co.,  The 
Udylite    Corporation,    The 
Walter,  John  &  Sons  Limited 
Welker   Mfg.    Co.,   Inc.,   The 

Iron  handles 

Canadian  General  Electric  Co.  Ltd. 
Chicago  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
General  Industries  Co.,  The 
Rainbow  Plastic  Ltd. 

Jacks,  microphone,  telephone 
Alden    Products   Co.,    Inc. 
National   Fabricated   Produits 

Jewelry 

Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 
Aceteloid   Novelty  Co. 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Arpin   Products,   Inc. 
Berkander.   George  F.,   Inc. 
Bryce   Plastic  Industries 
Colt's  Patent  Fire  Arms  Mfg.  Co. 
Coracy    Plastic    Products 
Craven  &  Whittaker  Co. 
Diemolding   Corp. 
Empire  Plastics  Co.   Ltd. 
Foster  Grant  Co.,   Inc. 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson   Industries,  Inc. 
Gits   Molding  Corp. 
Hermant,  Percy  Limited 
Hoffmann  Mfg.  Co. 
Kayson    Manufacturing    Co..    Inc. 
Kirk.  F.  J.   Molding  Co. 
Lichten.    Maurice   A.   Co. 
Manning,  Don  &  Co. 
Mill  O-Plast  Co. 
Musser.  H.   M.  &  Co. 
Northeastern  Molding  Co. 
Parkwood  Corporation 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Robbins  Company,   The 
Ronci.  F.  Company 
Tilton  &  Cook  Co. 
Vierling's   Plastic   House 
York  Plastic  Industries 

Jewelry  boxes 
Arcp  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
California  Plastic  Moulding  Co. 
Lichten,  Maurice  A,  Co. 
Oris  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Job  ticket  holders 
Kirk   Plastic   Corporation 

Key  cases 

Buchsbaum,   S.  &  Co. 

Key  holders 

St.  Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Company 

Key  tags 

Woodruff  Company.   The 

Div.  Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 

Kitchen  utensils 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Globe    Molded    Plastics 
Kirk.  F.  J.   Molding  Co. 
Precision   Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
\Vhyte    Manufacturing    Co. 

Kitchenware 

B.   W.   Molded  Plastics 
Globe    Molded    Plastics 
Michigan   Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Monaplastics.   Inc. 
Polaray  Company 

Knives 

Continental    Plastics   Corp. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Knife  handles 

American   Hard  Rubber  Company 
Craven  &  Whittaker  Co. 
Erie    Plastics    Co. 


Knittinc 


eedles 


Knitting  needles 
Auburn  Button  Works  Inc. 
r,its    Molding   Corp. 
Kinsman,  E.  B.  Co. 
Tilton  &  Cook  Co. 


put 


For  those  who  know  how. .  who  know  what  plastics  to  use 
for  the  job  at  hand . .  moulded  plastics  offer  the  practical 
solution  to  many  problems. 

We  have  made  it  our  business  to  know  which  plastics 
are  best  for  strength,  which  withstand  heat,  which  can 
be  used  for  machining  and  threading. 

Your  work  at  Magnetic  Plastics  is  custom  moulded 
from  plastics  best  suited  to  your  job. 

Let  us  show  you  what  plastics  can  do  for 
your  business.  Just  send  photo,  sample  or 
specifications,  and  we'll  tell  you  quickly 
if  it  can  be  made  in  moulded  plastics. 


THE    MAGNETIC    PLASTICS    COMPANY 


1900    EUCLID    BUILDING  •  CLEVELAND  15,  OHIO 


MA  IK  H   194:> 


I' I.  AST  11  S 


Knobs 

Ace  Plastic  Novelty  Company 
Barnes,  Ralph,  Moulded  Plastics 
Butterfield,  T.  F.,  Inc. 
Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg.  Co. 
Dimco  Plastics 

Firestone  Industrial  Prod.  Co. 
Illini  Molded  Plastics. 
Imperial  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
International  Molded  Plastics.  Inc. 
Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Kurz-Kaoch,  Inc. 
Martindell  Molding  Co. 
Meissner   Manufacturing  Co. 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Mitchell    Button  Co.   Limited.  The 
Molded  Products  Co. 
Moulded   Plastic  Specialties   Reg'd 
Pacific  Plastic  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Prime  Plastic   Mfg.   Corp. 
Rainbow  Plastic  Ltd. 
Standard  Molding  Corporation 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Waterbury   Companies.   Inc. 
Wheeling   Stamping  Company 
Zenith  Plastics  Company 

Label  holders 
Cel-U-D«x   Corporation 
Standard    Molding   Corporation 
Universal   Index  Tab  Co. 

Label  plates 

Forest  Industries  Research  Co 
Glass,   Harry  H.  4  Brother 
Plasticraft  Products  Company 

Label, 
Prinlloid    Inc. 

Laboratory    apparatus 
Printloid   Inc. 

Lamp  parts 
Ciits  Molding  Corp. 
Perfection  Plastic  Products 
Superior  Plastic  Co. 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

Lamp  shades 
Cz«ho  Peasant  Art  Co. 
Eagle  Plastic*  Corp. 
General   Plastics  Corporation 
Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Molded  Products  Co. 
Stokes,  Joseph  Rubber  Company 

Lamps 

Lawrence  4  Hunter 
National   Bronze  Studios 
Stack  Plastics  Company 

Lamps,  safety 
Haat  Company,  The 

Leather  goods  supplies 
Supply  Mfg.   Co.,  Inc. 

Leathers 
Robb,  Joseph  4  Co.  Ltd. 

Lenses 

Germanow  Simon   Machine  Co 
Orptelite  Co.  Inc..  The 
Injection  Molding  Corp 
fcS««&  Maurice  A.  Co. 
Kl,A    V  ictor  Division 

Radio  Corp.   of   America 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corporation 
Waterbury   Companies.    Inc. 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Co. 

Lenses,  automotive 
Shepherd.  J.   H.  Son  4  Company 

Lenses,  contact 
Invisible  Lens,  Inc. 
Obrig  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Lenses,  gas  mask 
Printloid   Inc. 

Lenses,  landing  light 
Enka  Plastic  Company 

Lenses,  light 
Stack   Plastics   Company 

Lenses,  marina 
Shoreham  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

Lenses,  optical 
Firestone  Industrial  Prod.  Co. 

Lenses,   surgical 
Obrig  Laboratories,  Inc. 

Letter  openers 
American  Insulator  Corp 
Fuller  Brush  Co.,  The 
St.  Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Company 
Superior  Plastic  Co. 

_  Letters 

House  of  Plastics 
Lynn   Sign   Company 
Modern  Solid  Art  Co. 

License  holders 
Jamison.   H. 

Light  diffusers 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 


Lighting  fixtures 
General   Electric   Co. 
Perfection  Plastic  Products 
Pittsburgh  Plastics  Company 
Plastic  &   Die  Cast   Prod.   Corp. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stack   Plastics    Company 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 

Lipstick  containers 
Caldwell  Products,  Inc. 
Cincinnati  Advertising  Prod.  Co. 
Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Erie    Plastics   Co. 
Herman!,  Percy,  Limited 
Monoplastics,  Inc. 
Plastic  Manufacturers,  Inc. 
Plastic  Molding  Corp. 
Somerville  Limited 
Stack  Plastics  Company 

Luggage 

Robb.  Joseph  &  Co.  Ltd. 
Stack  Plastics  Company 

Machine  parts 
Kirby  Company,  The 
Kirk,  F.  T.  Molding  Co. 
Plastic   Manufacturers,   Inc. 
Plax  Corporation 
Rothco  Products 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 

Magnifiers 

Lichlen.  Maurice  A.  Co. 
Robbins   Company,   The 

Mannikins 

Czecho  Peasant  Art  Co. 
General    Plastics   Corporation 

Marking  devices 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Irvinxton    Varnish    4    Insulator    Co. 
Monoplastics.    Inc. 
Pioneer  Plastic  Corp. 
Plastex  Corporation 

Masking  disks 
Parker  Appliance  Co.,  The 

Match  cases 
Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 

Mats 

Brandt.  Jos..  4  Bro.,  Inc. 
Transplastic  Products  Co. 

Medical  specialties 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Rachmann  Bros.,  Inc. 
Hychex  Products 
Jamison.   II. 

Microphones 

South  Bend   Modern  Molding 
Millinery   ornaments 
Empire  Plastics  Co.  Ltd. 

Mirror  bases 
Continental    Plastics   Corp. 

Mirror  frames 
Amos  Molded   Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Continental   Plastics  Corp. 
Fuller  Brush  Co..  The 
Stars  &  Stripes  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 

Mirrors 

Arco  Metalcraft.  Inc. 
Bannon.  J.  E.  &  Associates 
Consolite  Corporation 
Gemloid  Corp. 
Matzner.  S.  4  Co. 
Neo-A  Corp. 

Plasti  Mode  Novelty  Co. 
Van  Arnam  Manufacturing  Co. 

Modeling  material 
Ettl   Studios.   Inc. 

Models 

A.   A.   Plastic  Associates 
Arclay    Plastics    Products 
Austenal    Laboratories,   Inc. 
Brigham.  R.  B.  Company 
Cruver  Mfg.  Co. 
Eastern  Pattern  Works 
Erisman,   A.  C. 
House   of   Plastics 
Lewis,  A.  Steven 
Manning.  Don  4  Co. 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Plasti  fab 

Strieker  Brunhuber  Company 
Triana.  Rafael 
U.  S.  Industrial  Plastics 
York  Research  Corp. 

Money  holders 
Vargish    and    Company 

Monofilaments 
Canadian   Industries   Ltd. 
Visking  Corporation,  The 

Monogoggles 
DuBois  Plastic  Products  Inc. 

Motor  wedges 
Zippy  Corporation 


Mouthpieces,    clarinet,    saxophone 
Penzel,  Mueller  4  Co.,  Inc. 

Mouthpieces,   mutes 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Musical  instruments 
Scott.  Geo.   S.  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 

Nameplates 

Ansonia  Clock  Co.,  Inc..  The 
Bastian  Bros.  Co. 

Canadian   General  Electric  Co.,   Inc. 
Felsenthal,  G.  4  Sons 
Glass,  Harry  H.  4  Brother 
Greenhut  Insulation  Company 
Joyce,  Walter  M.  Company 
Miller  Dial  4  Name  Plate  Co. 
Oppenheimer,  Walter  L.  4  Son 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 
Pennsylvania  Plastics  Corporation 
Pione_er  Plastic  Corp. 
Plastic  Fabricators  Co. 
Plasticraft  Products  Company 
Printloid  Inc. 
Virginia  Plak  Company 

Napkin  holders 

Hutzler  Mfg.  Co. 

Navigation    markers 

U.  S.  Industrial  Plastic*  Co. 
Novelties 

Alliance  Button  Co..  Inc. 

American  Insulator  Corp. 

Arco  Plastic  Products  Co. 

Art  Plastics  Co. 

Artcraft  Plastics  Corp. 

Barnes,  Ralph.  Moulded  Plastics 

Bend  A  Lite  Plastics  Division 

Butterfield.  T.  F.,  Inc. 

Celomat  Corporation 

Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg.  Co. 

Clinford  Corp. 

Columbia  Plastic*  Mfg.  Corp. 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 

Columbus  Plastics  Product*,  Inc. 

Coracy  Plastic  Products 

Coy  Mfg.  Co. 

Craven  4  Whittaker  Co. 

Dimco  Plastics 

Eastern  Plastic  Product*  Corp. 

Emeloid  Co..    Inc..   The 

Franklin  Plastics  Division 
Robinson  Industries.  Inc. 

Globe   Molded   Plastics 

Goro   Manufacturing  Co.   Inc. 

Great  Lakes  Plastics 

Kayson  Manufacturing  Co.,  Inc. 

Kenilworth   Plastics  Molding  Co. 

Kippy  Kit  Company 

Lustra-Cite  Industries 

Mack  Molding  Ltd. 

Maico  Company.  Inc.,  The 

Manning,  Don.  4  Co. 

Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 

Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Minnesota  Plastics  Corporation 

Miracle  Plastic  Mfg.  Co. 

Mitchell  Button  Co.  Limited,  The 

Monoplastics.  Inc. 

Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 

Nosco  Plastics  Div. 

National  Organ  Supply  Co. 

Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 

Ornamental  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 

Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 

Place.  Roland  P.  Co.,  Inc. 

Plas-Tex  Corp. 

Plasti  Mode  Novelty  Co. 

Plastic  F.ngineering.   Inc. 

Plastic  Products,  Inc. 

Plastic- Ware,  Inc. 

Plasti  fab 

Pyro  Plastics  Company 

Precision  Molded  Plastic*,  Inc. 

Rosenberg  Brothers 

Scott,  Geo.  S.,  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 

Shaw  Insulator  Co. 

Slater.  N.  G.  Corp. 

Smoot-Holman  Co. 

Solar  Plastic  Pro.  Co. 

Southern   California   Plastic  Co. 

Stack  Plastic*  Company 

Standard  Products  Co.,  The 

Steiner  Mfg.  Co. 

Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 

Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

T  Die  Cast  4  Molded  Products 

Technical  Plastics  Co. 

Tilton  4  Cook  Co. 

Timely  Novelty  Co. 

Universal  Product*.  Inc. 

Walter.  John  4  Sons  Limited 

Waterbury    Companies,    Inc. 

Win,  A.  H.  Inc. 

York  Plastic  Industrie* 

Nozzles 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Hawley  Products  Co. 

Numerals 

Lynn  Sign  Company 
Modern  Solid  Art  Co. 


Office  equipment,  parts 
Insulator  Mfg.  Co. 
Monoplastics,  Inc 
Plastik  Inc. 

Oil  well  bombs 
Ingwersen   Manufacturing  Company, 

Optical  frames 
Bachmann   Bros.,  Inc. 
Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 

Ornaments,  parts 
Aceteloid  Novelty  Co. 
Associated  Plastics 
Klise   Manufacturing  Company,   Inc. 
National  Fabricating  Co. 
Wintrob,  M.  4  Sons  Limited 
Ornaments,  embedded 
Acrylic   Plastic   Laboratory 
Oxygen  masks 
General    Plastics   Corporation 

Packaging 

American   Product*  Mfg.   Co. 
Granby  Mfg.  Co. 
Inceloid  Co.,  Inc. 
National  Transparent  Box  Co. 
National   Transparent  Plastics  Co. 
Nu-Lite  Manufacturing  Co. 
Plastic  Specialty  Co. 
Plastics  Film  Corp. 
Prepac 

Shaw  Insulator  Co. 
Somerville  Limited 
Specialty  Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 

Packings 
Hydro  pack 

Resistoflex   Corporation 
Robb,  Joseph  4  Co.  Ltd. 

Paint  sticks 
Mark;il   Company 

Panels 

Crowe  Name  Plate  4  Mfg.  Co. 
General   Electric  Co. 
Pioneer   Plastic  Corp. 
Plastic  Fabricators  Co. 
Zippy   Corporation 

Paper  (Impregnated) 
Bemiss-Jason  Corp. 
Bird  4  Son,  Inc. 
Cincinnati  Industries,  Inc. 
Consolidated   Water  Power  4    Paper 
Detroit  Wax  Paper  Co.,  The 
Durez  Plastics  4  Chemical*.  Inc. 
Gillette   Fibre  Co. 
Hammermill   Paper  Company 
Manning  John  A.  Paper  Co.,  Inc. 
Riegel  Paper  Corporation 
Russell   Products  Co. 
Shellmar   Products  Co. 
Southern  Waxed  Paper  Co. 
Specialty  Papers  Co. 

Paper  cup  holders 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 
Yardley   Plastics  Company 

Pen   holders 

Northeastern    Distributors,   Inc. 
Ronci,  F.  Company 
ShearTer,  W.  A.  Pen  Company 

Pen,  ink  sets 
Plastic  and   Rubber  Product*  Co. 

Pen  parts 

Atlantic  Plastics,  Inc. 
Continental    Plastics  Corp. 
Essex  Corporation 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 

Pen,  pencil  parts 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Pen  handles 
Erie  Plastics  Co. 

Pens 

Buchsbaum,  S.  4  Co. 
Robbins  Company,  The 

Pens,  fountain 
Nichols  Products  Company 
Plasticraft  Specialties 

Pencil  ferrules 
National  Plastics  Inc. 
Sterling   Plastics  Co. 

Pencils 

Nichols  Products  Company 
St.  _Louis  Plastic  Moulding  Company 
Scripto    Manufacturing    Company 
ShearTer,  W.  A.  Pen  Company 

Pencil  parts 
American  Molding  Co. 
Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
Essex  Corporation 

Permanent  wave   machine   parts 
All  Metal  Screw  Products  Co. 
American    Molding  Co. 
Gibbs  Manufacturing 

Percolator  handles 
General  Industries  Co.,  The 


258 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


INDUSTRIAL  CONVERSIONS 
INCORPORATED 


A    FULLY    INTEGRATED    SERVICE 

TO 

THE    PLASTICS    INDUSTRY 


PRODUCT  ANALYSIS Investigation  and  evaluation  of  new  designs. 

Analysis  of  prospective  materials,  processes 
and  methods  of  manufacture. 


PRODUCT  ENGINEERING       .     .     .      Design,  manufacturing  research,  investigation 

and  correction  of  manufacturing  difficulties. 


TOOLING A  complete  tooling  program  from  layout  to 

production. 


DISTRIBUTION  • Sales  engineering,   marketing   research  and 

publicity. 


COLLECTION  AND  Technical  and   Instructional  manuals,   reports 

PRESENTATION  OF  DATA  and  visual  aids. 


1O1     PARK    AVENUE 
MUrray    Hill    5-O478  NEW    YORK     17,    N.   Y. 


MARCH  1945  PLASTICS  259 


Photographic  accessories, 

equipment,  supplies 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
B.  W.  Molded  Plastic* 
Gits  Molding  Corp. 
Insulation  Mfg.  Co. 
Oris  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Piano  Molding  Company 
Reinhold,  F.   E.   Mfg. 
Rogers,  V.  E. 
Windman  Brothers 

Piano  parts 
Weaver  Piano  Co.,  Inc. 

Picture  frames 

American  Extruded  Products  Co. 
Amos  Molded   Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson  Corp. 
Consplite   Corp. 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 
Ingersoll    Plastics    Co. 
Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Matzner,  S.,  Co. 
Mogjen  Plastic  Products 
National  Bronze  Studios 
Neo-A  Corn. 

Ornamental  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 
Photoplating  Co.,  The 
Plastex   Corporation 
Plasti   Mode  Novelty  Co. 
Plastic  Creations  of  Hollywood 
Plastiques  Labs.,  The 
Schillo  Mfg.  Co. 
Superior  Plastics  Corporation 
Vargish  and  Company 

Pilot  seats 
McDonnell  Aircraft  Corp. 

Pins,  push 
Northeastern  Molding  Co. 

Pipe,  fittings 
Acadia  Synthetic  Prod.  Div 

Western   Felt  Works 
Blake  Plastic  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Commercial  Plastic*  Co. 
Precision  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Piping   (prefabricated) 
Technical  Plastics  Co. 

Pistol  grips 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Piston  rings 
Bakoring,  Inc. 

Pitchers,  dripless 
Washburn  Company,  The 

Planes,    recognition    models 
Cruver  Mfg.  Co. 
Design  Center  Inc. 
U.  S.  Industrial  Plastics 

Plates,  instruction,  marling 
Crowe  Name  Plate  4  Mfg.  Co 
Parisian   Novelty  Co. 
Pennsylvania  Plastics  Corporation 
1'ioneer  Plastic  Corp 
Whitehead  4  Hoag  Company,  The 

Plaques 

Anthony  &  Anthony 
Long  Island   Engraving  Co. 
Pioneer  Plastic  Corp. 
Walter,  John  4  Sons  Limited 

Plating  barrels 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Plugs 

Alden  Products  Co. 
American  Phenolic  Corp. 
Canadian   General    Electric  Co.,   Ltd. 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
Martindell   Molding  Co. 
Meissner  Manufacturing  Co. 
Moulded  Plastic  Specialties  Reg'd 
National    Fabricated   Products 
Plastic   Molding  Corp. 
Ralco  Mfg.  Company,  Inc. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 

Plumbing  equipment,  supplies 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos-Thompson   Corp. 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
Kampa    Manufacturing  Co. 
Maico  Company.  Inc.,  The 
Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 
Piano  Molding  Company 
Southern  Plastics  Co. 

Poker  chips 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amos- Thompson  Corp. 
Mastercraft  Plastics  Co.  Inc. 
Mayfair  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Minnesota  Plastics  Corporation 
Northeastern  Distributors,  Inc. 
Novel-Craft  Mfg.  Co. 
Rainbow  Plastic  Ltd. 
Stanton  Brothers 
Synthetic  Plastics  Co. 


[Poker  chips  Conf.l 

Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Woodruff  Company,  The 

Div.  Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
York  Plastic  Industries 

Poker  chip  racks,  sets 
Butterfield,  T.  F.,  Inc. 
Marblette  Corp. 
Novel-Craft  Mfg.  Co. 
Stanton  Brothers 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Polishing   equipment 
Udylite  Corporation,  The 

Post  form  pieces 
Bachmann   Bros.,  Inc. 
Pourers 

Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 

Powder  boxes 
Paraplastics,  Inc. 
Savage,  Jas  H.,  Associates,  The 
Stars  4  Stripes  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 

Precision  parts,  items 
Brilhart.  Arnold  Ltd. 
C.  M.  Plastic  Molding  Co. 
Dimco  Plastics 

Franklin   Fibre-Lamitex  Corp. 
Industrial  Arts  Inc. 

Prefabricated  bldg.  units 
Colwabord    Limited 

Printing  plates 
Precision    Electrotype    Co. 

Projection  screens 
Plas-Tex   Corp. 

Protectors,  face 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Protractors 
Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 

Pulls 

Mitchell  Button  Co.  Limited 
Moulded   Plastic  Specialties  Reg'd 
Pacific  Plastic  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Prime   Plastic   Mfg.  Corp. 
Standard  Molding  Corporation 

Pump   gage    blocks 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 

Pump  parts 
American    Molding  Co. 
Bakoring,  Inc. 
Continental   Plastics  Corp. 

Radar  equipment 
Design  Center,  Inc. 
Pioneer  Plastics  Co. 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 
York   Plastic   Industries 

Radar  parts 

Mayfair  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 

Radio  cabinets 
Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg.  Co. 
Chicago   Molded   Prod.  Corp. 
General  Industries  Co.,  The 
General  Molded  Products 
Globe  Molded  Plastics 
Hawley  Products  Co. 
International  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Kurz-Kasch,  Inc. 
Martindell    Molding  Co. 
Modern    Plastics   Corp. 
Molded  Plastics  Corp. 
National   Lock  Co. 
Plastic  4  Die  Cast  Prod.  Corp. 
Reinhold,  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Stokes,  Joseph  Rubber  Company 
Superior  Plastic  Company 
Tri-United  Plastics  Corp. 

Radio  control  panels 
West  Coast  Industries 

Radio  escutcheons 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

Radio  grills 
Syracuse  Ornamental  Co. 

Radio  parts 

All  Metal  Screw  Products  Co. 
American  Insulator  Corp. 
Canadian  General   Electric  Co.,   Ltd. 
Continental-Diamond   Fibre   Company 
Erie  Resistor  Corporation 
Firestone    Industrial    Prod.   Co. 
Frank.  Aug.  C.  Co. 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
General  Molded  Products 
Gulliksen,  Wm.   M.,  Mfg.  Co. 
Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 
Illini   Molded   Plastics 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Industrial  Molded  Products  Co. 
Inland  Manufacturing  Division 

General  Motors  Corp. 
Kellogg  Switchboard  &  Supply  Co. 
Kerr,   R.   W.   Co. 
Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 


[Radio  parts  Cant.] 
Midwest  Molding  4  Mfg.  Co. 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Perfection  Plastic  Products 
Pioneer  Plastics  Co. 
Piano  Molding  Company 
Precision    Fabricators,    Inc. 
Raymond   Laboratories,  Inc. 
Rcinhold-Geiger   Plastics 
Remler  Company,   Ltd. 
Santay  Corporation 
Slater,  N.  G.  Corp. 
Southern  Plastics  Co. 
Specialty    Insulation    Mfg.    Co. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 
T-Die  Cast  4  Molded  Products 
Taylor   Manufacturing   Company 

Radio  tube  sockets 
Cinch  Mfg.  Corp. 

Radio  windows 
Bachmann   Bros.,   Inc. 
Printloid,  Inc. 

Railroad   parts 
Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. 

Rainwear 
Buchsbaum,  S.,  &  Co. 

Rattan 
Irvington  Varnish  4  Insulator  Co. 

Razors 

Jamison,  H. 

Plastimold    Inc. 

R.   G.   Arey  Company 

Receptacles 
Ralco  Mfg.  Company,  Inc. 

Records 
RCA  Victor  Division 

Radio  Corp.  of  America 

Reeds,  musical 
Pentel,  Mueller  &  Co.,  Inc. 

Reflectors 

Arpin  Products,  Inc. 
General  Electric  Co. 

Plastics    Div. 

General  Plastics  Corporation 
Grotelite  Mfg.  Co. 
Injection   Molding  Corp. 
Printloid   Inc. 
RCA  Victor  Division 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
Stimson   'A.G.A.'   Plastics 
Taylor   Manufacturing  Company 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Co. 

Refrigerator  doors 
Zenith  Plastics  Company 

Refrigerator  hdwe.,  accessories 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Canadian   General   Electric  Co.,  Ltd. 
Capac  Mfg.  Co. 

Columbus  Plastic  Products,  Inc. 
Erie   Resistor  Corporation 
Firestone    Industrial   Prod.    Co. 
General  Plastics  Corporation 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
Inland    Manufacturing    Division 

General  Motors  Corp. 
Minnesota   Plastics  Corporation 
National  Lock  Co. 
Norton  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Nosco  Plastics  Div. 

National  Organ  Supply  Co. 
Plastic  Engineering,   Inc. 
Raymond   Laboratories,  Inc. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 
Weatherhead  Co. 

Refrigerator  trays 
Paraplastics,  Inc. 

Register  cases 
Kurz-Kasch,    Inc. 

Religious  articles 
Barwood  Products  Co. 
Electroforming  Company 
Jamison,   H. 

Respirators 
Plastic  4  Rubber  Products  Company 

Respirator  cones 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Restaurant  supplies 
Ingwersen    Manufacturing   Company 

Ribbons 
Irvington  Varnish  &  Insulator  Co. 

Ribbons,  typewriter 
Lumirol  Company,  The 

Rollers,  mimeograph 
Lumirol  Company,  The 

Rollers,  printing   press 
Lumirol  Company,  The 


Rollers,  typewriter 
Lumirol  Company,  The 

Rulers 

Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
Felsenthal,  G.,  &  Sons 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
Kirk   Plastic  Corporation 
Virginia  Plak  Company 
Whitehead  &  Hoag  Company,  The 

Safety  clothing 
Resistoflex  Corporation 

Safety  equipment 

Franklin   Plastics  Division 
Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 

Safety  hat  clips 
Plastic   and    Rubber   Products   Co. 

Safety  signals 
Stimson   'A.G.A.'   Plastics 

Salad  sets 
Percy  Hermant  Limited 

Salt,  pepper  shakers 
Eclipse  Molded  Products  Co. 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 
Hutzler  Mfg.  Co. 
Imperial   Molded   Products  Corp. 
Modglin  Company 
Pacific   Plastic  Prod.   Co. 
Richardson  Co.,  The 
Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 

Scales 

Glass,  Harry  H.  &  Bro. 
Hopp  Press,  Inc.,  The 
National  Lock  Co. 
Pereles   Bros.,   Inc. 
Virginia  Plak  Company 

School  supplies 
Baff  Mfg.  Co.,  The 

Scoops 

Compression   Mold.   Co.  of  St.  Louis 
Mack  Molding  Co.,  Inc. 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 

Screening 

Brandt,  Jos.,  &  Bro.,  Inc. 
Visking  Corporation,  The 

Servers,  syrup  and  fruit  juice 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 

Shear  sharpeners 
Wahl  Clipper  Corporation 

Sheeting 

American  Products  Mfg.  Co. 
Spartan  Industrial  Corp. 

Shells 

Martindell   Molding  Co. 

Ship  parts 
Zippy  Corporation 

Shoe  heels 
Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 

Shoe  horns 

Hermant,  Percy,  Limited 
Kingman,  E.  B.  Co. 

Shoe  soling 
Reyam   Plastic  Products  Company 

Shower  caps 
Buchsbaum,  S.  4  Co. 

Shower  doors 
American    Extruded   Products   Co. 

Shower  heads 

National  Tool  &  Mfg.  Co. 

Shuffleboard  equipment 
Dayton  Insulating  Molding  Co. 
Dimco  Plastics 

Signs 

Bastian  Bros.  Co. 
House  of  Plastics 
Lee,  Oscar 

Sink  strainers 

Automatic  Plastic  Molding  Co. 
Kampa  Manufacturing  Co. 
Plastic  &  Rubber  Products  Company 

Slides 

Dominion  Button  Manufacturers  Ltd. 
Mitchell  Button  Co.  Limited,  The 
Schwanda,  B.  &  Sons 

Smoking   accessories 
Atlantic  Plastics,  Inc. 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Inc. 
Beacon   Products  Corp. 
Butterfield,  T.  F.,  Inc. 
Gits  Molding  Corp. 
Jamison,  H. 
Lee,  Oscar 
Waterbury  Companies,   Inc. 

(Continued  on  page  3231 


260 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


MOLDED  PLASTICS 


At  One  Plastics  Avenue,  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  stands  the 
largest  producer  of  molded  plastics  parts  in  the 
United  States,  offering  complete  facilities  in  de- 
velopment, design,  engineering,  moldmaking  and 
manufacture. 

Shown  on  this  and  the  following  page  are  examples 
of  the  variety  of  molded  and  laminated  plastics 
products  that  have  been  manufactured  by  One 
Plastics  Avenue. 

1  Gear  teeth  molded  on  metal  rocker  arm 

2  Molded  parts  of  all  shapes  and  sizes 

3  Molded  inserts — held  to  close  tolerances 

4  Molded  parts  of  simple  and  intricate  design 

5  High-frequency    radio    parts — molded    of   my- 
calex.    Great    mechanical    strength,    high    arc 
resistance 

6  Compact  industrial  controls — strong,  light  weight, 
space-saving 

7  Valve  cutoffs  for  power  control — tough,  durable, 
oil-resistant 

8  Caster  wheels — tough,  resilient,  outlast  metal 

For  complete  information  about  plastics,  write  Sec- 
tion FF-85,  One  Plastics  Avenue,  Pittsfield,  Mass. 


GENERAL  W  ELECTRIC 


LAMINATED  PLASTICS 

Laminated  plastics  are  available  in  sheet,  rod,  or  tube  form  and  in  molded 
shapes.  Tubes  are  either  square  or  round.  Special  shapes  such  as  channels 
or  molded  laminated  parts  are  made  to  specifications. 

9  9  Laminated  sheets 

9  1O  Laminated  channels  for  structural  support 

9  1  1  Laminated  tubes 

9  12  Fabroil  gears  and  Textolite  gear  blanks 

9  1  3  Laminated  rods 

14  Textolite  gears 

15  Laminated  Textolite  fabricated  to  specifications 

16  Laminated  panels 

Laminated  materials  can  be  sawed,  drilled,  tapped,  punched,  bored  and 
sheared.  Practically  all  milling  and  machining  operations  can  be  per- 
formed. Intricate  shapes  can  be  produced  rapidly  by  simple  operations. 
These  sizes  are  available: 


Tub* 


length 
36,  44,  72  inches 

Width 
36  inches 

Thickness 
.007  to  6  inches 

It  to  36  inches 

Diameter 
1  .  to  4  inches  (OD) 

18  la  36  inch** 

Diameter 

3    16  to  7  inches  (ID) 

Thickness 
.023  to  1  '/2  inches 

Various  other  sixes  and  special  shapes  are  mode  to  customer's 
specifications. 

SALES  OFFICES 

920  Western  Avenue,  West  Lynn,  Massachusetts.  34  Cambridge 
Street,  Meriden,  Connecticut.  1405  Locust  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania. 570  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y.  700  Antoinette 
Street,  Detroit,  Michigan.  840  South  Canal  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
4966  Woodland  Avenue,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  1635  Broadway,  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana.  326  W.  Georgia  St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  1387  Main 
St.,  Springfield,  Mais.  212  N.  Vignes  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.  535 
Smithfleld  Street,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

PLANTS 

1  Plastics  Avenue,  Pittsfleld,  Massachusetts.  336  Weir  Street,  Taunton, 
Massachusetts.  920  Western  Avenue,  West  Lynn,  Massachusetts. 
34  Cambridge  Street,  Meriden,  Connecticut.  1635  Broadway,  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana. 


ELECTRIC 


GENERAL 


Directory  of  Names  and  Addresses 

This  list  gives  the  names,  addresses,  branch  offices  and   executive   personnel  of  every  manufacturer 

listed  in  the  Index  which  begins  on  page  162.     Information  here  covers  the  manufacturers  of  plastics 

parts  and   products;  material,  equipment  and  supply   manufacturers;   as  well  as  other   organizations 

and  individuals  associated  with  the  plastics  industry. 


A.  A.  PLASTICS  ASSOCIATES 
1 7  East  42nd  Street 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  D.  Gray  Maxwell,  ownar. 

A.  C.  RUBBER  MFG.  CO.  LTD. 

2325  Gamble  Street 

Vancouver  British  Columbia,  Can. 

Personnel:  Wm.  J.  Asselstine.  pres.; 
G.  R.  Eilingham.  secy,;  Gerry  H.  Tier* 
nan.  gen.  mgr. 

A.  J.  &   K.  COMPANY 
SO  West    17th   Street 
New  York    II.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  Feme  Hoffstot.  owner; 
Henry  Olzacki,  gen.  mgr. 

A.  i  L  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

9  Florence  Street 

Brooklyn  6,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   A.  J.   Lodato.   pres.;  A.  A. 

Lodato.    vice-pres.;    A.    M.    Di    Leva. 

secy.;  A.  J.   Smith,   gen.   mgr.   ft   pur. 

agent. 

ABBE  ENGINEERING  CO. 
50  Church  Street 
New  York   7,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  C.  A.  Beach,  pres.;  H.  F. 
Kleinfeldt.  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  A. 
T.  Beach,  secy.;  Philip  KriegeT.  dir. 
public  relations;  Chas.  Jones,  pur. 
agent. 

ABBE.  PAUL  O..  INC. 
Erie  Railroad  and  Center  Ave. 
Little  Falls,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Paul  O.  Abbe,  pres.:  Oak- 
ley H.  Gar-lick,  secy.;  Ralph  Garlick, 
treas. 

ABERDEEN  PLYWOOD  CORP. 
Aberdeen,   Wash. 

Personnel:  Albert  Schafer,  pres.;  V.  A. 
Nyman.  vice-pres.  ft  gen.  mgr.;  Carl 
Schafer.  secy.;  Roy  K.  Purkey.  treas. 

ACADIA  SYNTHETIC  PROD.  DIV. 

Western   Felt  Works 
4029  West  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago  23.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Cincinnati;  Cleveland; 
Detroit;  New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh; St.  Louis. 

Personnel:  H.  N.  Vickerman.  mgr.  plas- 
tics div. 

ACAP  COMPANY 

American  Chemicals  &  Plastics  Co. 

136  Liberty  Street 

New  York  6.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Mr.  ft  Mrs.  Spehr,  partners. 

ACCURATE  MOLDING  CORP. 

1 16  Nassau  Street 

Brooklyn   I.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Leo  Adenbaum,  pres.;  David 
Adenbaum,  vice-pres.;  Selma  Schwim- 
mer,  secy.;  Alex  Adenbaum,  treas. 

ACCURATE  STEEL  RULE  DIE 

MANUFACTURERS 
22  West  21st  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  54  W.  21st  St.,   N.Y. 
Personnel:   Erhardt  J.  Seott  ft  Lee  M. 
Scott,  partners. 

ACE  PLASTIC  NOVELTY  CO. 

476  Jefferson  Street 
Brooklyn  6.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  D.  Seidman.  pres.  (-sales 
mcjr.;  Ben  Breslow.  gen.  mgr.;  Herman 
ur.  agent. 

ACE  TOOL  ft  MFG.  CO. 
532   Mulberry  Street 
Newark  5.  NJ. 

Personnel:  Charles  Kolanick  ft  Carl  W. 
Kola-sick,  partners. 


ACELINE     FILM     RECLAIMING 

SOS  East  1 71st  Street 

Bronx,  N.Y. 

Personnel:      Phil      Greenspan,     owner; 

Charlie  Smith,   dir.  research. 

ACETELOID   NOVELTY  CO. 

203   East   18th  Street 

New  York  3,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Louis  J.  Levine,  partner. 

ACHORN  STEEL  COMPANY 

381   Congress  Street 

Boston    10.   Mass. 

Personnel:  L.  A.  Achorn,  pres.  ft  gen. 

mgr.;  R.  MacCourt,  vice-pres.  &  sales 

mgr.;  G.   L.  Achorn,  treas.  &  secy. 

ACKERMAN  PLASTIC  MOLDING 

986   East  200th   Street 
Cleveland,  Ohio 

Personnel:  F.  J.  Ackerman,  prop.  4 
sales  mgr.;  L.  F.  Britton,  gen.  mgr.; 
Frank  Kneier,  chief  engr.;  L.  T.  Fried- 
man, pur.  agent. 

ACRO  TOOL  &  DIE  WORKS 

4892  N.  Clarfc  Street 

Chicago  40,  III. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Farkas,  owner;  M.  A. 

Gorman,  gen.  mgr.;  G.  Anderson,  chief 

engr.;     R.     E.     Ammons,     sales     mgr.; 

Joseph  Stephens,  pur.  agant. 

ACROMARK  COMPANY,  THE 

9-13  Morrell  Street 
Elizabeth  4.  NJ. 

Branch  Office:  Park  Sq.  Bldg.,  Boston. 
Personnel:  H.  O.  Bates,  pres.;  S.  R 
Rosenberg,  secy.;  A.  D.  Bates,  treas. 
Wm.  A.  Heine,  gen.  mgr.;  Henry  Kar 
sren,  sales  mgr.;  W.  A.  Heine  Jr. 
chief  engr.;  G.  H.  Martin,  adv.  mgr. 
H.  O.  Bates,  dir.  public  relations;  D. 
M.  Shilo,  pur.  agent. 

ACRYLIC  PLASTIC  LAB. 

7916  South  Broadway 
Los  Angeles  3,  Calif. 
Personnel:  W.  A.  Sampsel,  pres. 

ADAMS,  S.  G..  CO. 

960  Olive  Street 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

ADAMSON  UNITED  CO. 

730  Carroll  Street 
Akron,    Ohio 

Personnel:  F.  L.  Dawes,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Andrew  Hale,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Geo.  Lang,  secy  &  treas. 

ADHERE,  INCORPORATED 

1220  Maple  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  IS,  Calif. 

Personnel:  D.  F.  Dreher,  pres.  ft  gen. 
mgr.;  I  A.  Anderson,  vice-pros.,  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.;  W.  W.  Clarke,  secy.  ft 
treas.:  A.  A.  Steiner,  chief  chemist;  A. 
Austin,  pur.  agent. 

ADJUSTABLE  CLAMP  CO. 
417  N.  Ashland  Ave. 
Chicago  22.  III. 

Personnel:  H.  V.  Holman,  pres..  D.  V. 
Holman,  gen.  mgr. 

ADVANCE  MOLDING  CORP. 
54  West  21st  Street 
New  York    10,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Sidney  Lewis,  prop.;  S.  R. 
Bloom,  gen.  mgr. 

ADVANCE  SOLVENTS  ft  CHEM- 
ICAL CORPORATION 
245  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York    16.  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  5OT  E.  Illinois  St..  Chi. 

cago. 

Personnel:  A.  L.  Mullaly.  pres.;  E.  M. 


Pflueger,  vice-pres.;  H.  Stolze,  secy.; 
H.  H.  Stiller,  treas.;  Stanley  Longman, 
chief  engr.;  G.  P.  Mack.  dir.  research; 
C.  A.  Klebsattel.  chief  chemist. 

AERO  COMMUNICATIONS 

231   Main  Street 

Hempstead,   Long  Island,  N.Y. 

AEROIL  BURNER  CO..  INC. 

5763  Park  Avenue 

West  New  York,  NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  2021  S.  Michigan  Ave., 

Chicago;   3408    Main    St.,    Dallas:   435 

Bryant  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Personnel:-  George    P.     Kittel.    pres.; 

Joseph  M.  Imfeld,  lacy.  &  pur.  agent; 

Gustavo    Graff,    treas.    &    gen.    mgr.; 

Bernard  Gould,  sales  mgr.,  adv.  mgr. 

ft   dir.   public   relations;   Paul   Wollner, 

chief  engr. 

AGICIDE  LABORATORIES,   INC. 
1717  Taylor  Avenue 
Racine.  Wis. 

Branch  Office:  454?  Bandini  Blvd.,  Los 
Angeles. 

Personnel:  Arthur  J.  Olsen,  pres.:  Jo- 
seph W.  Ayers,  vice-pres.;  Dean  Lake 
Traxler.  secy.;  Thomas  E.  reten.  treas.; 
Earl  F.  Burgess,  plant  mgr.  &  pur. 
agent;  E.  M.  Page),  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
George  J.  Jennrich,  chief  chemist. 

AIRCRAFT      PARTS      DEVELOP- 
MENT CORP. 

409  Broad  Street 

Summit,    NJ. 

Personnel:    D.    C.    Hungerford,    pres.; 

Jack  Sandier,  chief  plastics  engr. 

AIRCRAFT  SCREW  PRODUCTS 

47-23  35th  Street 
Long  Island  City,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  201  S.  Pleasant  St., 
Royal  Oak.  Mich. 

Representatives:  Pacific  Airmotive,  1628 
McGee  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  J.  S. 
Wise,  523  W.  6th  St..  Los  Angeles. 
Personnel:  Benjamin  Sack,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.:  Harkness  W.  Cramm,  vice-pres. 
&  sales  mgr.;  A.  Loeb  Salkin,  secy.; 
Charles  L.  Huisking  Jr..  treas.:  Otto 
Haas,  chief  engr.;  Charles  G.  Thoma, 
adv.  mgr.;  Harold  J.  Wrigley,  pur. 
agent. 

AIRCRAFT  TOOLS.  INC. 

750  East  Gaga  Avenue 
Los  Angeles   I,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Wade  E.  Miller,  pres.: 
Ralph  Cronk,  secy.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent; 
Glenn  W.  Periman.  gen.  mgr.;  Harry 
Crawford,  sales  mgr.;  J.  Vernon 
Crooks,  chief  engineer;  L.  Sellstrom. 
dir.  public  relations;  Paul  S.  Anderson, 
prod.  mgr. 

AIRLINER  PLASTICS  COMPANY 

4306  Roosevelt  Way 

Seattle  5,  Wash. 

Personnel:    Mark    H.     Rousell.    owner; 

J.  P.  Lambert,  gen.  mgr. 

AIRPLASTICS   COMPANY 

7511    State  Street 
Huntington  Park.  Calif. 
Personnel:  Chas.  J.  Specter,  partner. 

AIRPLY  FORMING  COMPANY 
1872   East  Vernon  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  II.  Calif. 
Personnel:    Herman    Kranx.    partner    ft 
prod,   mgr.:    E.   S.   Morris,   partner   ft 
vice-pres.:  Edward  K.  Zuckerman,  part- 
ner ft  gen.  mgr.;  Joseph  Morris,  part- 
ner  ft   sales    mgr.:    Barney    R.    Morris 
partner  ft  pur.  agent;  Thomas  A.  Car. 
ter.   chief  engr. 

AIRTRONICS   MFG.  COMPANY 
5245  West  San  Fernxndo  Road 
Los  Angeles  26.  Calif. 


Branch  Offices:  121  W.  Wacker  Drive. 
Chicago;  31-28  Queens  Blvd..  Long 
Island  City.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Ralph  Hemphill.  pres.;  Dr. 
Paul  W.  Ivey,  secy.,  treas..  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Victor  Eicon. n.  chief  engr.;  K.  V. 
Tindall,  sales  mgr.;  B.  L.  Skinner,  pur. 
agent. 

AJAX  DORET  METAL  PROD.  LTD. 
18   Irwin  Avenue 
Toronto,  Ontario.  Canada 
Branch  Office:   1410  Stanley  St.,   Mon- 
treal. • 

Personnel:  Dr.  D.  Rakonitt.  pres.;  N. 
M.  Munk,  secy.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.: 
B.  M.  Anderson,  dir.  public  relations, 
sales  ft  adv.  mgr.  ft  pur.  agent;  Andre 
Szerenyi,  chief  engr.;  R.  J.  Well.  supt. 

AJAX  ELECTROTHERMIC  CORP. 

Ajax  Park 
Trenton,   NJ. 

ALAN,   RICHARD  BUTTON  CO. 
248-274   McKibbin   Street 
Brooklyn   6,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  B.  S.  Haines  ft  Ruth  Hainet. 
partners:  Leon  Lautin,  gen.  mgr.; 
Manny  H.  Poster,  tales  mgr.;  Sam 
Scalin,  chief  engr. 

ALBERT,  L  ft  SON 
336  Whitehead  Road 
Trenton,    NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  Adams,  Arch  ft  Union 
Sts..  Akron;  800  E.  42d  St..  Los  An- 
geles: 25  Brock  St.,  Stoughton,  Mass. 
Personnel:  S.  L.  Albert,  pres.;  P.  E. 
Albert,  vice-pres.  ft  treas. :  P.  A.  Sut- 
nick,  secy.;  I.  A.  Johnson,  chief  engr.; 
M.  O'Neil.  adv.  mcjr.;  F.  C.  Thomp- 
son, dir.  public  relations:  H.  Co*,  pur. 
agent. 

ALDEN  PRODUCTS  CO. 

117  North  Main  Street 
Brockton  64.  Mass. 
Personnel:    M.    Alden.    pres.    ft    treas.: 
H.   C.   Webster,    sales    ft   adv.   mgr.; 
A.  D.  MacLeod,  chief  engr.;  G.  John- 
ton,  pur.  agent;  R.  Taylor,  plant  supt.; 
J.   Burns,   head  molding  dept. 

ALDRICH  PUMP  CO..  THE 

I  Pine  Street 
Allentown,  Pa. 

Personnel:  A.  B.  G.  Steel,  pres.:  A.  H. 
Fisher,  vice-pres.  ft  treas.;  R.  J.  Kuntj, 
secy.;  G.  Donald  Ruhe,  gen.  mar.;  L. 
T.  Borneman,  sales  mgr.:  L.  W.  shelly, 
chief  engr.;  G.  L.  Baumgertner.  pur. 
agent. 

ALEKS.  VYTANT 

805  Highview  Avenue 
Rockford.  III. 

ALEXANDER,  JEROME 

50  East  41st  Street 
New  York    17.   N.Y. 

ALGOREN.  LIONEL  C. 

540  North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  II.  III. 

Personnel:  Lionel  C.  Algoren,  owner; 
John  Driebergen.  asst. 

ALKYDOL  LABORATORIES.  INC. 
3242  South  50th  Avenue 
Cicero  50.  III. 

Personnel:  Dr.  Adolph  Heck,  pres.: 
A.  Heck,  vice-pres.  ft  treas.:  *•  .*• 
Cameron,  secy.;  Gene  Stewart,  chief 
engr.:  W.  C.  Cody,  chief  chemist: 
J.  E.  Tattoo,  adv.  mgr.  ft  pur.  agent. 

ALL   AMERICAN    AIRCRAFT 

PRODUCTS.  INC. 
1350  East  Anaheim  Street 
Long  Beach  4    Calif. 
Personnel:  Ernest  Adler.  o~s.-  Gerald 
ft.  Adler.  vice-pres.:  Ptiit   E.   Graham, 
trees.:  James  J.   Poton    ou'.  agent. 


MARCH  194:, 


PLASTtCS 


26.1 


ALL  METAL  SCREW  PROD.  CO. 
Plastics  Division 
33   Greene  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 
Plant:  53  Crosby  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:    Nat    Epstein,    Jack    Epstein 
&    Irving   Epstein,   partners;   Robert   M. 
Joffee,  gen.   mgr.  plastics  div. 

ALLANSON    ARMATURE    MFG. 

21   McCaul  Street 
Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:  H.   F.  Allanson,   pres.;  Stan 
McNairn,  secy.   &  treas.;   R.  Jamieson, 
comptroller;    f.    Tattersall,    chief   engr. 
&  dir.  of  plastics  research;  Geo.  Elliott, 
adv.  mgr.;  G.  Marshall,  pur.  agent. 

ALLEGHENY  LUDLUM  STEEL 

Brackenridge,  Pa. 
Iranch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  H.  G.  Batcheller.  pres.;  W. 
H.    Givens,     exec,    vice-pres.;     R.     M. 
Allen,   vice-pres.   &   sales   mgr.;   F.    B. 
Lonnsberry,  vice-pres.  in  charge  prod  • 
E.  J.  Hanley.  secy.  &  treas.;  E.  L.  Huff, 
chief  engr.;  C.  6.  Templeton,  adv.  mgr. 
1  dir.  public  relations;   L.  H.   Birtner, 
pur.  agent. 

ALLEN,  ELLIOTT  A. 

1913    North   Vermont  Avenue 
Los  Angeles   27,   Calif. 

ALLIANCE    BUTTON   CO.,    INC. 

91    Edison   Place 
Newark,    N.J. 

Ifanch    Offices:    Beacon    Button    Co 
Inc.,    314    S.     Franklin    St.,    Chicago' 
Manhattan    Button   Co.    2  W.  20th   St.. 
New  York;  Associated  Button  Co.    Inc 
4  W.  20th  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:    B.    H.    Schnur,    pres.;    Max 
Slavish,    treas.;    B.    M.    Abrams.   sales 
mgr.;   Alfred    Meslar.    chief   engr.;    B. 

D.  Slater,  dir.   plastics   research;   Fred 
Mandl,    pur.    agent. 

ALLIED    ASPHALT    &    MINERAL 

217  Broadway 
New   York   7.   N.Y. 
Sales  Agents:   All   principal   cities. 
Plant:  Ounellen,  N.  J. 
Personnel:  F.  M.  Lea.  pres.;  George  J. 
O  Sullivan,     vice-pres.     &    gen.     mgr.- 
J.    Immel,   asst.   secy.;   D.   D.   Oownes, 
sales    mgr.    &    adv.    mgr.;    W.     Foley 
chief  engr.;   S.  C.   Robison,   dir.   plas- 
tics  research   &   chief   chemist;    M.    E. 
Lempp,    pur.    agent. 

ALLIED  AVIATION  CORP. 
Cockeysville,    Md. 
Personnel:  Richard  E.  Breed  III.  pres.; 
Chas.  J.  MacGarvey.  vice-pres.,  treas. 
&    gen.    mgr.;    Edward    V.    Chartrand, 
secy.;   C.   A.   Porter,   gen.  sales  mgr.; 
Charles  A.  Bramo,  proj.  engr.;  Roy  R. 
Scott,   dir.    public    relations;   John    W. 
Houseman,   pur.  agent. 

ALLIED  PLASTICS  COMPANY 

5225  Wilshire  Boulevard 

Los  Angeles  36,  Calif 

Iranch  Office:  12  E.  41st  St.,  New  York. 

Personnel:  Dwight  C.  Hirsh,  partner  & 

?en.  mgr.;  Harry  G.  Long,  partner; 
.  Willard  Isaacs,  sales  mgr.-  J.  W 
Scott  &  F.  E.  Hamilton,  chief  engr.; 
John  Zola,  dir.  plastics  research  & 
chief  chemist;  Hal  B.  Bivens,  pur. 
agent. 

ALLIED  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

4626  Lawton  Avenue 
Detroit  8,  Mich. 

Personnel:    Ralph    Hubbart,    pres.;   W. 

E.  Ray,    vice-pres. 

ALLIS.    LOUIS  COMPANY,  THE 

427  East  Stewart  Street 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Iranch     Offices    and     Representatives: 

All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  Louis  Allis,  pres.;  E.  P.  Al- 
lis,  vice-pres.;  O.  F.  Pihl,  secy.,  treas. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  L.  F.  Keely,  asst.  sales 
mgr.;  T.  R.  Wieseman,  chief  exec, 
engr.;  V.  B.  Hooper,  adv.  mgr.;  E. 
Wendelburg,  pur.  agent. 

ALLIS-CHALMERS   MFG.  CO. 

Milwaukee    I,    Wis. 

Personnel:  Walter  Giest,  pres.;  W.  C. 
Johnson,  sales  mgr.;  G.  J.  Callos,  adv. 
mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  Fred  E. 
Haker,  pur.  agent. 


ALSOP    ENGINEERING    CORP. 

Milldale,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Samuel  Alsop,  pres.;  C.  E. 
Crowley,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  E.  Z. 
Ross,  acting  secy.-  E.  Koeb,  dir.  public 
relations;  R.  W.  Powers,  pur.  agent. 

AMECCO  CHEMICALS,  INC. 

75  Rockwood  Street 
Rochester  10,  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  40  E.  42d  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:    Samuel    J.    Cohen,    pres.    & 
gen.  mgr.;  K.  G.   Maurer,  secy.;  Wal- 
ter  E.  Scheer.  sales  mgr. 

AMERICAN  AIR  FILTER  CO. 

215  Central  Avenue 
Louisville  8,   Ky. 

Personnel:  W.  M.  Reed,  pres.;  W.  G. 
Frank,  asst.  to  pres.;  J.  Hellstrqm. 
vice-pres.  in  charge  dust  control  div.; 
H.  C.  Murphy,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
filter  div.;  B.  J.  Shaver,  treas.;  C.  P. 
Hegan,  chief  engr.;  J.  R.  McConnelt, 
adv.  mgr.;  L.  Greenebaum,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN  BLOWER  CORP. 

Detroit  32,  Mich. 
Sales  Offices:   In  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  C.  T.  Morse,  pres.;  R.  Vaile, 
exec,    vice-pres.;    H.     E.    Barth,    vice- 
pres.  in  charge  sales;  G.  C.  Polk,  vice- 
pres.    &   secy. 

AMERICAN   BRAKEBLOK  DIV. 

American   Brake  Shoe  Company 
4600  Merritt  Avenue 
Detroit  9,    Mich. 

Iranch  Offices:  332  S.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  IS47  Venice  Blvd.,  Los  An- 
geles; 230  Park  Ave..  New  York;  Grant 
Bldg.,  Pittsburgh. 

Personnel:  W.  A.  Blume,  pres.;  W.  R. 
Dewey.  vice-pres.;  R.  E.  Spokes,  vice- 
pres.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  E.  C. 
Keller,  chief  chemist;  C.  O-  Smith, 
adv.  mgr.;  G.  C.  Maul,  pur.  agent; 
A.  J.  Brueggen,  comptroller;  M.  B. 
Terry,  mgr.  original  equip,  sales. 

AMERICAN   BROACH   &   MA- 
CHINE COMPANY 

415  West  Huron  Street 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Hugo  L  Olson,  pres.;  Fran- 
cis J.   LaPointe,  vice-pres.,   Howard  A. 
Lausen,  secy.  &  treas.-  John  W.  Podes- 
ta.  sales  mgr.  &  chief  engr.'  Elmer  J. 
LaPointe,  adv.  mgr.;  C.   K.  Beck,  pur. 
agent. 

AMERICAN  BUFF  COMPANY 

711  W.  Lake  Street 
Chicago  6,  III. 

Sales  Offices:  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  Cleveland; 
Detroit;  Los  Angeles;  New  York. 
Personnel:   Ben    P.   Sax.   partner;   Irwin 
Cohen  &  Edward  W.  Hoyle,  sales  mgrs. 

AMERICAN  CELLULOSE  CO. 

1030   South   White    River   Parkway 

Indianapolis,   Ind. 

Personnel:  Louis  R.  Sereinsky,  gen.  mgr. 

AMERICAN    CYANAMID    & 

CHEMICAL  CORP. 
30  Rockefeller  Plaza,  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Azusa.  Calif.;  Russell 
&  Bayard  Sts.,  Baltimore;  89  Broad  St., 
Boston;  3333  Wilkinson  Blvd.,  Char- 
lotte, N.  C.;  20  N.  Wacker  Drive,  Chi- 
cago; Leader  Bldg.,  Cleveland;  Fisher 
Bldg.,  Detroit;  Shell  Bldg.,  Houston; 
Miller  Rd.,  Kalamazoo;  401  N.  Broad 
St.,  Philadelphia;  Shell  Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 
Personnel:  H.  L.  Derby,  pres.;  A.  J. 
Campbell,  gen.  mgr. 

AMERICAN   CYANAMID   CO. 

Plastics   Division 

30   Rockefeller   Plaza 

New  York  20,   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  American  Cyanamid  & 
Chemical  Corp.,  Azusa,  Calif.  &  De- 
troit. 

Personnel:  C.  J.  Romieux,  sales  mgr.; 
W.  H.  MacHale.  adv.  mgr. 

AMERICAN    DECALCOMANIA 

4356  Fifth  Avenue 

Chicago,    III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Plant:  New  York. 

Personnel:    Geo.    M.    Eisenberg,    pres.; 


Bernard  Pollack,  vice-pres.  &'  sales 
mgr.;  Jack  Braverman,  vice-pres.  & 
supt.;  R.  M.  Eggleston,  secy.;  M.  R. 
Werner,  treas.;  Dr.  C.  H.  Weinman, 
dir.  research;  Karl  L.  Mathews,  adv. 
mgr.;  C.  M.  Olson,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN  EMERY  WHEEL 
WORKS 

P.  O.  Box  1501 

Providence,  R.I. 

Branch  Office:  5740  Twelfth  St.,  Detroit. 

Personnel:  Torrey  Allen,  pres.;  Wm.  W. 

Turner,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  Arthur 

L.  Pierce,  secy.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN  ENGINEERING  CO. 

2400  Aramingo  Avenue 
Philadelphia  25,  Pa. 
Personnel:  E.  I.  Kleinman,  pres.;  J.  M. 
Doroshaw,  vice-pres.;  J.  S.  Aekerman, 
secy.  &  vice-pres.;  T.  E.  McBride,  treas. 
&  vice-pres.;  A.  Bayles,  gen.  mgr.  & 
vice-pres.;  J.  S.  Bennett,  sales  mgr.  & 
vice-pres.;  H.  F.  Lawrence,  chief  engr.; 
John  F.  Arndt  Co.,  Philadelphia,  adv.; 
E.  W.  Shaming  Housen,  pur.  agent  & 
vice-pres. 

AMERICAN     EXTRUDED    PROD. 

1001   North  La  Brea  Avenue 
Hollywood  38,  Calif. 
Personnel:     Oscar     C.     Stahl,     owner; 
Irene  Geiges,  secy.;  Edward  G.  Fogel, 
chief  engr, 

AMERICAN    FIRSTOLINE  CORP. 

420    Lexington    Avenue 
New  York   17,   N.Y. 

AMERICAN     FLANGE    &    MFG. 
30    Rockefeller    Plaza 
New  York.  N.Y. 

AMERICAN    FOUNDRY    EQUIP- 
MENT CO. 

691   South  Byrkit  Street 
Mishawaka,  Ind. 

Personnel:  Otto  A.  Pfaff.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Harold  M.  Miller,  vice-pres., 
secy.  &  trees.;  L.  L.  Andrus,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  sales;  David  C.  Turnbull, 
chief  engr.;  A.  E.  Lenhard,  edv.  mgr.; 
Harold  M.  Books,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN  GAS  FURNACE  CO. 

Spring  Street  &  Boudinot  Place 
Elizabeth,  NJ. 

Iranch    Offices    S    Engineering    repre- 
sentatives: All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:    P.   C.    Osterman,    vice-pres. 

AMERICAN  HARD  RUBBER  CO. 

I  I   Mercer  Street 
New  York   13,   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  1 1 1  W.  Washington  St., 
Chicago;  Akron. 

Personnel:  F.  D.  Hendrickson,  pres.; 
A.  V.  Bristol,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  Rob- 
ert Harry,  secy.;  G.  B.  Glaenzer,  sales 
mgr.;  D.  E.  Jones,  chief  chemist;  O.  B. 
Carson,  adv.  mgr.;  A.  P.  House,  pur. 
agent. 

AMERICAN    INSTRUMENT    CO. 

Silver  Spring,   Md. 

Representatives:  N.  J.  Smith  250  Stu- 
art St.,  Boston;  M.  J.  Seavy,  30  Church 
St.,  New  York;  James  Whiting,  Real 
Estate  Trust  Bldg.,  Philadelphia-  R.  H. 
Knapper,  P.  O.  Box  9116,  Pittsburgh. 
Personnel:  L.  Freeman,  partner  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  H.  Reynolds,  partner  &  chief 
engr.;  E.  Madgin,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN   INSULATOR  CORP. 

New  Freedom, .Penna. 
Branch     Offices:     Boston;     Bridgeport; 
Buffalo;  Cleveland;  Detroit;  New  York; 
Philadelphia. 

Personnel:  George  A.  Johns,  pres.; 
Nelson  E.  Gage,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  J.  Williams,  secy.  &  treas.; 
C.  P.  Clifford,  sales  mgr.;  B.  F.  Hantz, 
chief  engr.;  Frank  Pautes,  dir.  plastics 
research  &  development;  W.  L.  San- 
derson, chief  chemist;  L.  V.  Bellinger, 
adv.  mgr.;  C.  L  Curry,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN    LUMINOUS    PROD. 

6420    Marbrisa    Avenue 
Huntington    Park,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Arthur  H.  Jackson,  owner, 
mgr.  &  chief  chemist. 


AMERICAN-MARSH      PUMPS 

INC. 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  Monadnock  Block  Chi- 
cago; 17  Battery  PI.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  E.  M.  Jenkins,  pres.  &  treas.; 
Henning  J.  Anderson,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Arthur  W.  Lammers,  vice-pres.- 
Walter  R.  Munn,  secy.;  E.  H.  Davis, 
sales  mgr. 

AMERICAN  MOLDED  PROD. 

1644   North   Honore  Street 

Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  Charles  E.  Caestecker,  pres., 

gen.    &    sales    mgr.-    K.   A.    Bevington, 

vice-pres.;    L.    F.    Campbell,    secy.    & 

treas. 

AMERICAN    MOLDING  CO. 

355    Fremont  Street 
San    Francisco  5,   Calif. 
Personnel:   W.    D.    Love,   gen.    partner; 
Fred    L.    Kennerley,    gen.    mgr.;    E.    N. 
Spratling,  supt.;  John  G.   Robb,  engr. 

AMERICAN     MOLDING     POW- 
DER &  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

44  Hewes  Street 
Brooklyn   II,  N.  Y. 

AMERICAN     NAME     PLATE     & 
MFG.  COMPANY 

4254  West  Arthington  Street 

Chicago   24.   III. 

Personnel:  G.  T.   Bunker  Jr.,   pres.;  C. 

H.  Johns,  vice-pres.;  E.  G.  Blake,  sales 

mgr. 

AMERICAN  OPTICAL  CO. 

Mono-Plex   Eye  Division 
16  Marcy  Street 
Southbridge,   Mass. 
Personnel*.   Fritz  W.  Jardon,   mgr. 

AMERICAN    PHENOLIC    CORP. 

1830  South  54th  Avenue 
Chicago  50.   III. 

Iranch  Offices:  S3  Park  Place.  New 
York;  2022  W.  Nth  St.,  Los  Angeles; 
Amphenol  Ltd.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Arthur  J.  Schmitt,  owner, 
pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  D.  Alexander,  vice- 
pres.:  Carl  V.  Wisner  Jr.,  secy.;  A. 
Dushek,  treas.;  Carl  A.  Raabe.  mgr. 
synthetic  matls.;  Clark  Quackenbush, 
chief  engr.;  Dr.  Harner  Selvidge,  dir. 
plastics  research;  C.  Boldt,  adv.  mgr.; 
Elmer  Johnson,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN  PIPE  &  CONSTRUC- 
TION CO. 

Amercoat  Division 
P.  O.   Box   3428 
Terminal  Annex 
Los  Angeles  54,  Calif. 
Sales  Office:   4554   N.   Broadway,   Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  Wm.  A.  Johnson,  pres.; 
Ernest  F.  Bent,  vice-pres.;  J.  M.  Mac- 
Adam,  secy.;  C.  G.  Crawford,  treas.; 
R.  A.  Glasgow,  sales  mgr.;  C.  G. 
Munger,  chief  chemist;  M.  M.  Benma- 
iin,  adv.  mgr.;  G.  L.  Bursk,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN   PLASTICS  CORP. 

225  West  34th  Street 

New  York   I.   N.Y. 

Plant:   Bainbridge,   N.  Y. 

Personnel:    C.    S.    Lawrence,    vice-pres. 

AMERICAN    PLASTICS   ENGI- 
NEERING CORP. 

414  Curtis  Building 

Detroit  2,  Mich. 

Personnel:  C.   E.   Holmes,   pres.;  J.   E. 

Morrison,     vice-pres.;    L.    Lyon,    chief 

engr. 

AMERICAN      PLASTICS      MFG. 

2938-42   North   Halsted  Street 

Chicago   14,   III. 

Personnel:  Robert  Kagan,  pres.:  Wayne 

King,  vice-pres.;  LeRoy  C.  Wollin,  gen. 

mgr. 

AMERICAN  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

2907  South  Main  Street 

Los  Angeles  7.  Calif. 

Branch    Office:    A.    E.    Levey,    30    E. 

Adams  St..  Chicago. 

Warehouses:    Milwaukee;   New  York. 

Personnel:    B.    Osher,    mgr. 

AMERICAN    PLYWOOD    CORP. 

New  London,  Wis. 

Personnel:.  Frank  L.  Zaug,    pres.;  Daw- 


264 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


We  ore  equipped  to 
handle  jobs  on  Bake- 
lite,  all  Plastics  and 
Metals,  to  Govern- 
ment specifications 
and  tolerances. 


Yesterday 


Rapid-  fire  deliveries  and  top  quality — this  combina- 
tion of  advantages  has  enabled  us  to  satisfy  the 
most  exacting  War  Contractors  and  Government 
Agencies.  We  are  set  up  for  service — operate  day 
and  night  shifts  for  non-stop  fabricating  and  mark- 
ing. We  make  our  own  masters,  our  own  fixtures  and 
jigs,  engrave  and  finish  all  pieces  right  under  one 
roof.  We  handle  small  and  large  orders  with  equal 
facility,  accuracy,  and  speed. 

Pictured  are  just  a  few  of  the  many  items  we  have  made.  We 
welcome  the  opportunity  of  estimating  your  needs.  Send  speci- 
fications today.  We  shall  be  glad  to  rush  quotations  and  samples. 


HARRY  H.  GLASS  &  BRO. 

Monufacfurers  .  .  .  Engravers  .  .  .  Fabricators 
131    DUANE  ST.,  NEW  YORK   13,  N.  Y.  •  PHONE:    COrtlandt   7-5135-6-7 


\i  \  i.M  u    i  <i  i  - 


son  Zaug,  vice-pres.;  Harold  M.  Zaug, 
treas.   &  sales  mgr. 

AMERICAN  PROD.  MFG.  CO. 
8131    Oleander    Street 
New  Orleans    18,    La. 

Personnel:    Harold    A.    Levey,    pres.    & 

rn.  mgr.;  C.  Dannenbaum,  vice.  pres. 
pur.  agent;  A.  H.  Dalton,  secy.  & 
treas.;  R.  C.  Harter,  sales  mgr.;  B.  C. 
Burton,  chief  engr.;  S.  D.  Atkins,  dir. 
plastics  research;  R.  M.  Karlton,  chief 
chemist;  C.  K.  Alby,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 
public  relations. 

AMERICAN    PYROXYLIN   CO. 

Foot   of    King    Street 
Arlington,    NJ. 

Personnel:     A.     Scheinzeit,     owner;     L. 
Welsch,  secy.;  R.  R.  Dobin,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN    RESINOUS    CHEM- 
ICALS CORP. 

103    Foster  Street 
Peabody,    Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  1726  Arcade  Place, 
Chicago;  Monrovia,  Calif.;  410  Frel- 
inghuysen  Ave.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Personnel:  William  L.  Abramowitz. 
pres.;  Ashworth  N.  Stull,  vice-pres.  & 
chief  chemist;  J.  Lichman.  vice-pres.; 
C.  Robinson,  secy.;  M.  Robinson, 
treas.;  S.  Palais,  gen.  mgr.;  M.  Kim- 
mel,  sales  mgr.  adhesives;  R.  C.  Mar- 
tin, sales  mgr.  plastics  &  coatings; 
B.  Wetherbee,  sales  mgr.  impregnants; 
I.  Kusinitz,  chief  engr.;  Cory  Snow, 
Inc..  Boston,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  E.  Blanch- 
ard,  pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN    ROTARY    TOOLS 

44  Whitehall  Street 

New  York  4,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Walter  Stein,  pres.;  W.  M. 

Rieman,  treas. 

AMERICAN   SCREW  COMPANY 
21   Stevens  Street 
Providence   I,  R.I. 
Branch  Offices:  589  E.  Illinois  St.,  Chi- 
cago; 502  Stephenson  Bldg.,  Detroit. 
Personnel:    E.    E.    Clark,    pres.;    V.   J. 
Roddy,  vice-pres.;  J.  F.  Doherty.  secy.; 
E.   Wm.    Lane,   treas.;   C.   O.    Drayton, 
sales  mgr.:  F.  E.  Brown,  chief  engr.;  H. 
Mayoh,  adv.   mgr.;  J.  A.   Beauregard, 
dir.  public   relations;  W.  A.  Smedley, 
pur.  agent. 

AMERICAN    VISCOSE   CORP. 

Delaware    Trust    Building 
Wilmington  99,   Del. 
Branch  Offices:  Johnston   Bldg.,  Char- 
lotte.   N.  C.;  Fidelity-Phil.  Trust   Bldg., 
Philadelphia;     Hospital     Trust     Bldg., 
Providence;   Hibbs   Bldg..  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Personnel:  W.  C.  Appleton.  pres.; 
Frank  Griffin,  vice-pres. ;  W.  C.  Brown, 
secy,  i  treas.;  H.  D.  Haley,  mqr.-engr. 
Bakelite  Dept.;  W.  B.  Olmstead  Jr., 
sales  mgr.;  H.  O.  Davidson,  chief 
engr.;  Dr.  Charles  Venable.  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  B.  W.  Collins,  chief 
chemist;  Charles  W.  Rice  Jr.,  adv. 
mgr.;  Fred  Krofft,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; J.  L.  Shode,  pur.  agent. 

AMOS  MOLDED  PLASTICS  DIV. 

Amos-Thompson   Corp. 
Edinburgh,    Ind. 

Branch  Offices:  R.  E.  Hoffman.  221  N. 
La  Salle  St.,  Chicago;  Fred  Cole, 
Stephenson  Bldg.  Detroit;  R.  W.  Dai- 
ley.  140  E.  48th  St..  New  York;  Wm. 
S.  Richards  Co.,  4903  Delmar  Blvd., 
St.  Louis. 

Personnel:  Roy  Amos,  pres.:  Bice  A. 
Roth,  vice-pres.;  Dale  Amos,  secy.  & 
gen.  mgr.  plastics  div.;  L.  W.  John- 
son, sales  mgr.;  J.  C.  Kezimier,  chief 
engr.;  C.  F.  Oefelein.  pur.  agent. 

ANCHOR    HOCKING   GLASS 

Lancaster,  Ohio 

ANCHOR  PLASTICS  CO. 

533-541    Canal  Street 

New   York,    N.Y. 

Personnel:   Richard  A.   Fisch,   owner. 

ANDERSON   BROS.  MFG.  CO. 

1907   Kishwaukee  Street 

Rockford,    Ml. 

Personnel:  Swan   F.  Anderson,  pres.;  R. 

A.  Anderson,  secy.;  W.    E.  Gunnerson, 

sales  mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  B.  Olson,  pur. 

agent. 


ANDOVER   KENT  AVIATION 

Allen  Avenue 

New   Brunswick,    N.J. 

Personnel:  John  J.  Brooks,  pres.;  Lee 
E.  Sherrod,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
William  L.  Smith,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Irving  C.  Schaefer,  secy.  & 
treas.;  L.  N.  Smithline,  chief  engr.; 
T.  A.  Sharp,  chief  chemist;  Kenneth 
M.  Shepperd,  pur.  agent;  Arthur  F. 
Draper,  tech.  dir. 

ANGUS-CAMPBELL,  INC. 

449  South  San   Pedro  Street 
Los   Angeles    13,   Calif. 
Branch    Offices:   235   San    Bruno   Ave. 
San  Francisco;  2122  Fourth  Ave.,  Seat- 
tle. 

Personnel:  Angus  M.  Campbell,  pres., 
gen.  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research; 
Alex  M.  Campbell,  vice-pres.  &  adv. 
mgr.;  Audria  M.  Lindley.  secy.  &  dir. 
public  relations;  Myrtle  A.  Campbell, 
treas.;  Charles  E.  Grosse  Jr.,  sales 
mgr.;  Matthew  Logan  Brown,  chief 
engr.;  Glenn  O.  Anderson,  pur.  agent. 

ANSBACHER  SIEGLE  CORP. 

92  Chestnut  Avenue 
Rosebank,  Staten  Island  5,  N.Y. 
Branch  Offices:  34  Midway  St..  Boston- 
820  S.  Clinton  St.,  Chicago;  Bulkley 
Bldq.  Cleveland:  2445  Hunter  St..  Los 
Ange_le_s;  417  Market  St.^  San  Francisco; 
Dominion  Aniline  &  Chemicals  Ltd.. 
265  Adelaide  St.  W.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  B.  R.  Armour,  pres.;  Paul 
Thomasset,  vice-pres.  &  chief  chemist' 
S.  S.  Theil.  treas.;  Col.  Paul  C.  Kelly, 
gen.  mgr.;  Eric  N.  Blackstead.  sales 
&  adv.  mgr. 

ANSONIA  CLOCK  CO.,  INC. 

203    Lafayette   Street 
New  York    13,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  Cantelo  White,  pres.; 
Harold  H.  Doring.  vice-pres.;  E.  A. 
Linse,  asst.  secy.;  George  H.  Ogens, 
sales  mgr. 

ANTHONY  &  ANTHONY 

475    Fifth   Avenue 
New   Yorlc    17,    N.Y. 

Personnel:  S.  A.  Anthony,  Jr..  owner 
&  sales  rnqr.;  H.  G.  Anthony,  treas.  & 
pur.  agent. 

APCO   MOSSBERG  COMPANY 

Attleboro.  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  1401  S.  Michigan,  Chi- 
cago. 

Export  Office:  120  W.  42nd  St.,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Leland  B.  Smith,  pres.,  treas. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  J.  C.  McGreevy,  W.  A. 
Blackborn,  vice-pres.;  Sheldon  A.  Jones, 
secy.;  Ernest  LaCroix,  chief  engr.;  C. 
D.  Smith,  pur.  agent. 

ARCLAY    PLASTICS    PRODUCTS 

275   Marguerita    Lane 

Pasadena    2.    Calif. 

Personnel:  Robert  J.  Clay,  owner. 

ARCO   METALCRAFT.   INC. 

395   Brook  Avenue 
Bronx    54,    N.Y. 

Personnel:  Samuel  Storch.  ores.;  Max 
H.  Storch,  secy.;  Leo  Marder,  treas.: 
Harry  Melter,  sales  mgr. 

ARCO   PLASTIC   PROD.  CO. 

33  West  60th  Street 
New  York.    N.Y. 

Personnel:  D.  Jules  Colbert,  gen.  part- 
ner; Harry  Meklembourg,  plastics  engr. 
&  dir.  plastics  research. 

ARDEE  PLASTICS  CO.,  INC. 

374  Second  Avenue 

New  Yorlc,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    H.    Wetner,    pres.;    Bernard 

Schiller,    vice-pres. 

ARENS,  EGMONT 

480   Lexington  Avenue 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Egmont  Arens,  owner  &  de- 
signer; Robert  J.  Brinkema,  tech.  asst. 

AREY,  R.  G..  CO 

46  Buffum  Street 
Lynn,   Mass. 
ARIES,  ROBERT  S. 
Short    Beach,    Conn. 
ARLT,  WILLIAM  H. 
90   Worth   Street 
New   York.    N.Y. 


ARMOUR  AND  COMPANY 

1355  West  31st  Street 
Chicago  9.  III. 

Personnel:  George  R.  Manning,  sales 
mgr. 

ARMSTRONG  CORK  COMPANY 

Glass  and  Closure  Division 
Lancaster,  Penna. 

Branch   Offices:   Atlanta;   Boston;   Chi- 
cago;   Cincinnati;    Detroit;    New   York; 
Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh;  St.  Louis;  San 
Francisco. 
Personnel:  H.  W.  Prentis  Jr..  pres.;  J. 

C.  Feagley,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  C. 

D.  Armstrong   Jr..   secy.;    M.   J.   War- 
nock,   treas.;  S.   L.   Barnes,  sales   mgr.; 
G.    A.    Reinhard    Jr.,    chief    engr.;    E. 
Claxton,    dir.    plastics    research:    E.    C. 
Emanuel,  chief  chemist;  E.  C.  Hawley, 
adv.  mgr.;  R.  A.  Barton,  pur.  agent. 

ARNOLD,  HOFFMAN  &  CO. 
Providence,    R.I. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Charlotte,  N. 
C.;  New  York;  Philadelphia. 

ARO  EQUIPMENT  CORP..  THE 

Bryan,  Ohio 

Personnel:  J.  C.  Markey,  pres.;  J.  P. 
Johnson,  J.  E.  Allen,  vice-pres.;  L.  L. 
Hawk,  treas.;  C.  H.  Rice,  pur.  agent. 

ARONSON,  JOSEPH.   INC. 

215  East  58th  Street 
New  York  22,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Joseph  Aronson,  pres. 

ARPIN  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

422  Alden  Street 

Orange,    N.J. 

Personnel:  Leon  G.  Arpin,  pres.;  John 

W.   Arpin,   vice-pres.;   Almon   S.   Fish. 

secy.    &   treas. 

ARROW  PLASTICS  CO. 

168  River  Drive 

Passalc,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Nathan  Harris,  owner. 

ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 
33-22  57th  Street 
Woodside,   Long   Island,   N.Y. 
Branch  Office:   1512  Callowhill  St.,  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Personnel:  Ralph  Mancuso  Sr.,  pres.; 
Ralph  Mancuso  Jr.,  facty.  mgr.  Leon- 
ard Weiss,  chief  engr.;  Industrial  Con- 
versions. Inc..  101  Park  Ave.,  New 
York,  adv. 

ART  PLASTIC  CO. 

101   Park  Avenue 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 
Branch   Offices:   3322   57th    St.,   Wood- 
side,    L.I.,    N.Y.;    1512    Callowhill    St.. 
Philadelphia  30,  Pa. 

ART  PLASTICS  CO. 

317  South  Hill  Street 
Los  Angeles  13.  Calif. 
Personnel:  Ralph  R.  Conell,  owner. 

ARTAG  ENGINEERING  WORKS 
655  South  Wells  Street 
Chicago  7,  III. 
Personnel:    Arthur   Weis,    owner. 

ARTCRAFT  PLASTICS  CORP. 

208    East    120th  Street 
New   York.    N.Y. 

Personnel:  Philip  N.  Coones,  pres.,  ger. 
mqr.  &  chief  engr.;  Hyman  Charnin, 
secy.  &  treas. 

ARTER  GRINDING  MACH.  CO. 

15   Sagamore    Road 
Worcester,    Mass. 

Personnel:  William  Arter,  pres.;  Harry 
Arter,  vice-pres.,  treas.  &  dir.  public 
relations;  Harold  Tattersall.  secy.  & 
pur.  agent;  Albert  B.  O'Donnell,  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.;  Warren  F.  Fraser.  chief 
engr. 

ARTISTIC  PLASTICS 

176  East  127th  Street 

New  York.    N.Y. 

Personnel:    William    Mayorga,    owner; 

G.  H.  Mayorga,  gen.  &  sales  mgr. 

ARVEY  CORPORATION 

3462   North    Kimball  Avenue 
Chicago,    III. 

Branch  Offices:  6400  E.  Nevada  St..  De- 
troit;   300    Communipaw    Ave.,    Jersey 
City.    N.   J. 
Personnel:    Joseph     Regenstein,     pres.: 


Paul  Godell.  vice-pres.  &  gen.  sales 
mgr.;  Sidney  Blum  &  Royal  Hoffman, 
vice-pres.;  L.  L.  Grisamore,  secy.  & 
treas.;  Wm.  Carmichael,  dir.  plastics 
research;  S.  W.  Strauss,  adv.  mgr.  & 
midwestern  sales  mgr.;  C.  Strauss,  pur. 
agent. 

ASBESTOS  FIBRE  SPINNING 

North  Wales,  Pennsylvania 

ASBESTOS  TEXTILE  CO.,  INC. 

Division  Gatke  Corporation 
226  North  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

ASSOCIATE  ENGINEERING  CO. 

13745   Fenkell 
Detroit  27,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Fred  L.  Hahn,  pres.;  Henry 
M.  Burkholder,  chief  engr. 

ASSOCIATED    PLASTICS 

7618   Melrose  Avenue 

Los   Angeles  46,   Calif. 

Personnel:    Harry    W.    Read,    owner    & 

fen.   mgr.;    Florence   Copeland,   secy.; 
lias     Blanco,     chief     engr.;     Charles 
Plumb,    shop   foreman. 

ASSOCIATED  PLASTICS 

55  West   16th  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Arthur  H.  Witmondt,  part- 
ner; J.  W.  Zimmerman,  gen.  mgr.; 
J.  Witmondt,  sales  mgr.;  Harry  Sen- 
zer,  chief  engr. 

ATHOL  COMB  CO 

261    Fifth  Avenue 

New  York,    N.Y. 

Plant:  Athol,   Mass. 

Personnel:    Gilbert    Shulman    &    Milton 

Alkan,     partners;     Theodore     Schmidt, 

gen.   mgr. 

ATHOL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Athol.  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  New  York. 

ATKINS,  E.  C.  AND  COMPANY 

402  South  Illinois  Street 
Indianapolis  9,  Ind.' 
Personnel:  E.  C.  Atkins,  pres.  i  gen. 
mgr.;  K.  W.  Atkins,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  W.  A.  Atkins.  F.  R.  Weaver, 
vice-pres.;  D.  H.  Potter,  secy.  &  treas.; 
D.  E.  Gommel,  chief  design  engr.;  M. 
W.  Dallas,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  re- 
lations; M.  M.  Poole,  pur.  agent;  H. 
C.  Atkins,  supt.;  W.  R.  Chapin.  re- 
search chief. 

ATLANTIC  PLASTICS  INC. 

33-18  57th   Street 
Woodside.    Long    Island,    N.Y. 
Branch  Office:   Reading,  Pa. 
Personnel:   William    F.   Sanford,    pres.; 
Robert   I.  Greenlaw,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Louis  L.  Stott,  secy.  &  treas. 

ATLAS  MOULDED  PRODUCTS 

2665  Main  Street 

Buffalo    14,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Geo.  P.  Manning,  pres.;  H. 

S.   Nathan,  dir.   plastics  research. 

ATLAS   POWDER  CO. 

Industrial   Chemicals   Dept. 
Ninth     &    Market    Streets 
Wilmington  99.  Del. 

ATLAS  PRESS  COMPANY 

1819    North    Pitcher  Street 
Kalamazoo    I4D,    Mich. 
Personnel:    J.    H.    Penniman,    pres.    & 
gen.    mgr.;    G.    C.    Nancarrow,    vice- 
pres.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  A.  R.  Eichel- 
berg,  secy.  &  treas.;  H.  E.  Musselman, 
chief  engr.;  H.  J.  Steel,  pur.  agent. 

AUBURN  BUTTON  WORKS,  INC. 
Auburn,    N.Y. 


Representatives:  W.  E.  High,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.;  Albert  Bryan,  Chicago; 
C.  B.  Webb,  Cleveland;  Fred  A.  Cole. 
Detroit;  L.  C.  Hengst  &  W.  O.  Strong, 
New  York;  H.  A.  Ledig.  Philadelphia; 
G.  H.  Ross,  San  Francisco;  Floyd  L. 
Dune,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

AUERBACH,  ALFRED  ASSOC. 

130  W.  57  St.,  N.  Y.,  N.  Y. 
Personnel:   Alfred   Auerbach,   pres. 

AUSTENAL  LAB.,  INC. 

224  E.  39  St.,  N.  Y.,  N.  Y. 

Plants:   5932   Wentworth   St.,   Chicago; 


266 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH 


BUT  BACK  IN  THE  Spotlufld  TOMORROW! 


Yesterday,  Vestpok  Dry  Shavers  in  their  handsome  plastic  casing 
were  to  be  found  everywhere. 

Today,  all  the  manufacturing  facilities  that  went  into  the  peace- 
time production  of  this  miracle  shaving  unit  are  devoted  entirely  to 
the  war  effort. 

Tomorrow,  when  Victory  is  won,  the  Vestpolc  Dry  Shaver  will  again 
be  available — in  greater  demand  than  ever  before. 

Looking  ahead,  we  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  you  regarding  post- 
war suggestions  for  the  use  of  plastic  in  manufacturing  Vestpok. 


Q. 


46  BUFFUM   ST  ,  LYNN,  MASS. 


Mechanical    And     Electrical    Specialties    M  a  n  u 


MA  NTH    1QJ-, 


i'  i   \ 


267 


224  E.  39th  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  R.  W.  Erdle,  pres.;  C.  H. 
Prange,  vice-pres.;  T.  D.  Keane,  secy.; 
W.  H.  Seller,  treas.;  J.  Erdman,  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  H.  Rowland,  sales  mgr.;  P. 
H.  Beier,  chief  engr.;  R.  C.  Feagin, 
dir.  plastics  research  &  chief  chemist; 
J.  Mannion,  adv.  mgr.;  A.  D.  Repko, 
dir.  public  relations;  F.  Roberts,  pur. 
agent. 

AUSTIN,   O.  CO..  THE 

42    Greene    Street 

New  York    13,   N.  Y. 

Personnel:   O.   Austin,   partner   &  gen. 

mgr.;  M.  Holder,  tales  mgr.;  M.  Cha- 

nin,   prod.  mgr. 

AUSTIN  TOOL  &  MFG.  CO. 

6300  Euclid  Avenue 

Cleveland    3,    Ohio 

Personnel:   F.   F.   Rainey,  vice-pres.;  T. 

F.   Brackett,  chief  engr.;  J.  Campbell, 

service   engr. 

AUTO  ENGRAVER  CO. 

1776    Broadway 
New  York   19.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Morris  L.  Alexander,  owner. 

AUTOMATIC     PLASTIC    MOLD- 
ING CO. 

1368    Park   Avenue 

Emeryville    8,    Calif. 

Personnel:    Forrest     Engelhart,    owner; 

G.  S.  Courvoisier,   mgr.;  Claude   Me- 

Phee,   sales    mgr.;    Chet    Ward,    chief 

engr. 

AUTOMATIC  TEMPERATURE 
CONTROL  CO.,  INC. 

34  East  Logan  Street 
Philadelphia   44,   Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  All   principle  cities. 
Personnel:  G.  H.  Johanson,  pres.,  gen. 
mgr.    4   chief   engr.;    D.    G.   Johanson, 
vice-pres.  in  charge  engr.;  H.   E.   Ken- 
/on.  secy.,  treas.  &   pur.  agent;  G.  E. 
oress,  sales  mgr.;  W.  W.  Winters,  adv. 
ngr. 

AUTOMATIC  TRANS.  CO. 
Division  Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co. 
101  West  87th  Street 
Chicago  20,  III. 

Personnel:  W.  G.  Carey  Jr.,  pres.;  C. 
Carey,  vice  pres.;  B.  F.  Wyman.  gen. 
mgr.;  R.  O.  Wolter,  sales  mgr.;  AT  C. 
Elley,  chief  engr.;  E.  L.  Bertram,  adv. 
mgr.  It  dir.  public  relations;  Ray  H. 
Chapman,  pur.  agent. 

AUTOPARTS    TRACTOR    &    MA- 
CHINE CO. 

665  Archer   Road 

Bedford,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Frank  8.  Benkowski,  owner. 

B.  W.  MOLDED  PLASTICS 

1346  East  Walnut  Street 
Pasadena   4,    Calif. 
Personnel:  Charles  W.  Worley    pres    4 
gen.  mgr.;  Dean  Banks,  vice-pres.-  Ed- 
win H.  Frazer,  secy.  4  treas.;  Edwin  8. 
Newport,    sales    4    adv.    mgr     4    pur 
agent;   Fred   W.   Kottman,  shop  supt.; 
John   A.   Worley.   comptroller. 

BABCOCK  &  WILCOX  CO.,  THE 

85  Liberty  Street 
New  York  6.  N.  Y. 

Brench  Offices  and  Representatives:  At- 
lanta, Ga.:  Boston;  Chicago;  Cincin- 
nati- Cleveland;  Dallas;  Denver;  De 
troit;  Galveston;  Houston;  Los  Angeles 
New  Orleans;  Philadelphia-  Phoenix 
Pittsburgh;  Portland.  Ore.;  St.  Louis 
Salt  Lake  City;  San  Francisco;  Seattle 
Syracuse,  N.Y.;  Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  A.  G.  Pratt,  pres.'  E  G 
Bailey,  I.  Harter,  C.  W.  Middleton, 
vice-pres.;  C.  M.  Neighbors,  adv. 
mgr.;  J.  W.  Haslam,  pur.  agent. 

BACH,    ALFONS   ASSOCIATES 

1 1   East  44th  Street 
New  York,    N.Y. 
Personnel:  Alfons  Bach,  pres. 
BACH,   LEO 
1265    Broadway 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:    Leo    Bach,    owner    4    sales 
mgr.;   Frank  J.   Hesley,   chief  chemist. 

BACHARACH,  ADELAIDE 

5  Prospect  Place 
New  York,   N.Y. 


BACHMANN  BROS..  INC. 

1420-38    East   Erie   Avenue 
Philadelphia  24,  Penna. 
Branch    Offices:    Boston;    Jacksonville; 
Kansas   City,   Mo.;   Los  Angeles;   Min- 
neapolis; New  York. 
Personnel:  J.  Chester  Crowther,   pres  • 
Albert   H.   Redles,  secy.,  sales  4  adv. 
mgr.;     Bayard     H.     Crowther,     treas.; 
Graeff  W.  Glenn,  dir.  plastics  research; 
Albert  G.  McNeil),  pur.  agent. 

BACON,  FREDERICK  S. 

192   Pleasant  Street 

Watertown  72.  Mass. 

Personnel:   Frederick   S.    Bacon,   owner 

&  consultant;  Philip  D.  Wilkinson,  dir. 

research. 

BACON  &  WEBER 

1161    North  Cleveland  Avenue 
Chicago    10,    Illinois 
Personnel:  William  Kings,  owner. 

BAFF  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

28   Argyle   Place 
North  Arlington,   N.J. 

Personnel:  Abraham  Baff,  owner  4  pur. 
agent;  Anthony  Impell,  supt. 

BAILEY  METER  COMPANY 

1050  Ivanhoe  Road 

Cleveland  10,  Ohio 

Personnel:    R.    S.   Coffin,    pres.-    R.    E. 

Wooley,  vice-pres.;  J.  H.  Black,  treas.; 

H.    M.    Hammond,   sales    mgr.;    E.    B. 

Bossart    adv.  mgr.;  P.  S.  Dickey,  sales 

engr.;  C.  J.  Horgan,  pur.  agent. 

BAKELITE  CORPORATION 

Unit  Union  Carbide  &  Carbon 
Corporation 
30  East  42nd  Street 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  J.  W.  Mclaughlin,  pres.; 
George  Baekeland,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
foreign  operations;  Sandford  Brown 
vice-pres.  4  gen.  mgr.  Halowa»  div.; 
Dr.  G.  O.  Curme  Jr.,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  research;  R.  8.  Lowe,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  mfg.;  Dr.  J.  G.  Davidson  & 
H.  E.  Thompson,  vice-pres.;  Allan 
Brown,  adv.  mgr.  4  dir.  public  rela- 
tions thermoplastics  dept.:  H.  S.  Bunn 
vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  G.  C.  Miller,' 
gen.  mgr.;  H.  K.  Intemann.  asst.  gen. 
sales  mgr.;  H.  F.  Robertson,  mgr.  de- 
velopment dept.;  J.  E.  Brister.  mgr. 
wire  4  cable  matls.  div.;  T.  W.  Sharp, 
mgr.  sheet  4  film  div.;  J.  R.  Price, 
mgr.  consumer  film  4  sheeting  d-v.-  C. 
W.  Patton.  mgr.  lacquers  4  adhesives 
div.;  G.  Shaw,  mgr.  calendering  4  ex- 
trusion compound  div.  thermosetting 
dept.;  Gordon  Brown,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  sales;  C.  W.  Blount,  vice-pres. 
4  gen.  mgr.;  R.  E.  Brannan,  div.  sales 
mgr.  for  molding  matls.;  C.  A.  Norris. 
chief  engr.  for  phenolic  molding  matls.; 
D.  A.  Munns,  chief  engr.  for  urea  mold- 
ing matls.;  D.  M.  Buchanan,  develop- 
ment engr.  for  molding  matls.;  How- 
ard Smith,  div.  sales  mgr.  for  varnish 
resins. 

BAKER.    J.   T.    CHEMICAL   CO. 
North    Broad   Street 
Phillipsburg,    N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  38  Newburv  St.,  Boston; 
435  N.  Michigan  Ave..  Chicago;  420 
Lexington  Ave.,  New  York;  220  S.  16th 
St.,  Philadelphia. 

Personnel:  H.  H.  Garis.  pres.,  gen.  mgr. 
4  pur.  agent;  R.  A.  Clark,  vice-pres.  4 
sales  mgr.;  R.  H.  Willever,  secy.  4 
treas.:  J.  T.  Baker,  chief  engr.;  Dr.  J. 
R.  Stevens,  dir.  research;  Wildrick  4 
Miller,  Inc.,  430  Fifth  Ave..  New  York 
adv. 

BAKER  CASTOR  OIL  CO..  THE 

120   Broadway 

New  York,   N.Y. 

Plants:    Bayonne,  N.J.;  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

BAKER  PERKINS,  INC. 

Chemical    Machinery    Division 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  Conway  Bldg.  Chi- 
cago; 350  Park  Ave.,  New  York;  Pacific 
Blag.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  R.  E.  Baker,  pres.;  J.  A. 
Baker,  vice-pres.  4  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; C.  Pletscher,  vice-pres.;  D.  Rool- 
vink,  secy.;  R.  A.  Baker,  treas.;  Thomas 
Evans,  division  4  sales  mgr.;  E. 
Schmiew,  chief  engr.;  Gordon  Fraser, 
adv.  mgr.;  R.  Peele,  pur.  agent. 


BAKER-RAULANG  CO.,  THE 

2168  W.  25th  St. 
Cleveland  13,  Ohio 
Personnel:  E.  J.  Bartletr.   pres.  4  gen. 
mgr.;    E.   J.    Stahl,   vice-pres.;   J.   W. 
Moran,   secy.   4   treas.;   D.   L   Darnell, 
sales   mgr.;   B.   F.  Stoner,  chief  engr.- 
M.    W.    McMillan,    adv.   mgr.;    E.   w! 
Sankey,  pur.  agent. 

BAKORING,  INC. 

1020    Houston    Avenue 
Houston    10,  Tex. 
Personnel:   Robert  E.  Connell,   pres.  4 
gen.  mgr.;  Knud   Bruun,  vice-pres.;  C. 
A.  Welsh,  secy.  4  treas. 

BALDOR    ELECTRIC   CO. 
4351-67  Duncan  Avenue 
St.   Louis,   Mo. 

Branch  Office:  325  W.  Huron  Ave., 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  E.  Ballman,  pres.,  gen.  mgr. 
4  chief  engr.;  O.  A.  Baumann,  vice- 
pres.  4  secy.;  E.  W.  Bruce,  vice-pres. 
4  sales  mgr.  motor  div.;  G.  A.  Schock, 
vice-pres.  4  sales  mgr.  apparatus  div.; 
E.  Doerr,  treas.;  O.  A.  Life,  516  Beau- 
mont, St.  Louis,  adv.;  E.  Reinagel,  pur. 
agent. 

BALDWIN  SOUTHWARK  DIV. 

Baldwin  Locomotive  Works,  The 
Paschall    P.O. 
Philadelphia  42,    Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  10  High  Street,  Boston; 
Railway  Exchange  Bldg.,  Chicago;  Ten- 
mmal  Tower  Bldg.,  Cleveland;   Donovan 
Bldg.,     Detroit;     120    Broadway,     New 
York;  Broad  St.  Station  Bldg.,  Philadel- 
phia;   Union    Trust    Bldg..    Pittsburgh; 
1010  Pine  St.,  St.  Louis;  292?   19th  St. 
San  Francisco;  15th  4  K  Sts.,  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

Personnel:  Ralph  Kelly,  pres.;  W.  H. 
Holcomb,  vice-pres.  4  dir.  public  re- 
lations; F.  G.  Schranz,  div.  vice-pres.; 
Charles  E.  Acker,  secy.  4  treas.;  J.  C. 
Graf,  sales  mgr.;  H.  S.  Fullerton,  chief 
engr.;  M.  K.  Wright,  adv.  mgr  •  W.  H. 
Mick,  pur.  agent:  R.  S.  Quick,  mgr. 
enqr. 

BALL  &  JEWELL 
22-28    Franklin   Street 
Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Charles  W.  Ball  partner  4 
gen.  mgr.:  Charles  F.  Ball,  partner; 
Herbert  W.  Ball,  chief  engr. 

BALLARD  PLASTICS  CORP. 

5300  14th  Ave.,  N.W. 
Seattle,  Wash. 

Branch  Offices:  Portland,  Ore.;  Seattle. 
Personnel:  L.  J.  Vaupel  Sr.,  pres.;  W. 
H.  Lamport,  vice-pres.,  treas.  4  gen. 
mgr.;  L.  J.  Vaupel  Jr.,  secy.;  Wm. 
Hartman.  chief  engr.;  Reginal  Baston, 
dir.  plastics  research;  Paul  Shondy,  dir. 
public  relations. 

BAMBERGER,  A. 

44  Hewes  Street 

Brooklyn    II,    N.Y. 

Personnel:   A.    Bamberger,   owner. 

BANCROFT,  JOS.  &  SONS  CO.. 

Wilmington,  Del. 
Branch  Offices:  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co., 
Eddystone,  Pa.;  Banco,  Inc.,  40  Worth 
St.,  New  York;  Joseph  Bancroft  4  Sons 
Co.  of  Penn.,  Reading,  Pa. 
Personnel:  John  Bancroft  Jr..  pres.;  W. 
R.  Maclntyre,  vice-pres.;  Samuel  E. 
Bird,  secy.;  H.  P.  Creveling,  treas.; 
John  J.  Torris,  gen.  mgr.;  Robert 
O'Hara,  sales  mgr.;  P.  B.  Wendler, 
chief  engr.;  Arnold  Lippert,  dir.  plas- 
tics research  4  chief  chemist;  A.  S. 
Tammany,  pur.  agent. 

BANGOR  PLASTICS,  INC. 

Pivision  Modern  Plastics  Corp. 
Bangor,    Mich. 

Branch  Office:  Hamilton  Associates  In- 
dustries, 646  N.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  Walter  Miller,  pres.  4  treas.; 
Stanley  Miller,  vice-pres.;  E.  O.  Wo- 
keck.  secy.  4  gen.  mgr. 

BARBER  ASPHALT  CORP. 

State   Street 

Barber,    N.J. 

Personnel:  T.  Rieber,  pres.;  E.  R.  Riter, 

vice-pres.    4    secy.;    F.    J.    Robertson, 

treas.;  Wm.  L.  Kallman,  gen.  sales  mgr. 

BARBER  COLMAN   CO. 

Rockford,    III. 


BARCO  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1801    Winnemac 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  S.  Kuhn,  sales  mgr. 

BARKER  &  WILLIAMSON 

235  Fairfield  Avenue 
Upper  Darby,  Penna. 

BARNES,    RALPH    MOULDED 
PLASTICS 

6518  Avalon   Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  3,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Ralph  Barnes,  owner;  C.  O. 
Bliss,    gen.    4    sales    mgr.;    Katherine 
Dean,  pur.  agent. 

BARNES  &  REINECKE 

230  East  Ohio  Street 
Chicago   II,  III. 

Personnel:  James  F.  Barnes  4  Jean  O. 
Reinecke,  partners;  Jack  W.  Thomsen 
head  plastics  engr.  div. 

BARRETT  DIVISION,  THE 

Allied   Chemical   &   Dye  Corp. 
40   Rector  Street 
New  York  6,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  W.  Clark,  vice-pres.;  E. 
R.  Snyder,  gen.  mgr.;  William  B.  Alex- 
ander, dir.  sales;  Leon  W.  Miller,  mgr. 
chemical  sales;  M.  P.  Taylor,  chief 
engr.;  S.  P.  Miller,  dir.  research-  A.  G. 
Husen,  adv.  mgr.;  J.  W.  Andrews,  dir. 
public  relations;  F.  W.  Warner,  pur. 
agent. 

BARRETT,    LEON  J.,  COMPANY 

P.O.  Box  378 

Worcester  I.  Mass. 

Personnel:     Leon     J.     Barrett,     pres.- 

Dwight  C.  Page,  vice-pres.;  William  A. 

Hyde,  clerk;  Miss  R.  H.  Mosher,  treas. 

Howard  S.  Foster,  chief  engr, 

BARRON,   J.   E.   &  ASSOCIATES 

534  Vine  Street 
Cincinnati  2,  Ohio 

Personnel:  J.  E.  Barren,  owner;  R.  H. 
Andriessen,  secy, 

BARSKY  &  STRAUSS,  INC. 

202  East  44th  Street 
New  York    17,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  George  Barsky.  pres.;  Frank 
A.  Strauss,  vice-pres. 

BARTOLUCCI-WALDHEIM 

619    North    Michigan    Avenue 
Chicago    II,   III. 

Personnel:  Edgar  O.  Bartolucci  &  Jack 
J.  Waldheim,  partners. 

BARWOOD  PRODUCTS  CO. 

1 745    North    Bosworth    Avenue 
Chicago   22,    III. 

Personnel:  Gordon  H.  Gibbs  &  Edward 
L.  Gibbs,  partners. 

BASTIAN-BLESSING  co.,  THE 

4201  West  Peterson  Avenue 
Chicago  30,   III. 

Sales  Office:  118  E.  27th  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Lewis  G.  Blessing,  pres.; 
Ellsworth  L.  Mills,  Edward  N.  Krein  4 
A.  L.  Augur,  vice-pres.;  Andrew  C. 
Krein,  secy.  4  treas. 

BASTIAN  BROS.  CO. 

1600  Clinton   Avenue,   North 
Rochester,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  Wallace  J.  Wolf,  pres.; 
Frank  J.  Brown,  vice-pres.,  sales  4  adv. 
mgr.;  John  H.  Mahoney,  secy.;  Frank 
J.  Temmerman,  treas.;  E.  B.  Bastian, 
chief  engr.;  L.  W.  Shanley,  pur.  agent. 

BATES,  P.  D.  CO.,  LTD. 

Ridgetown,    Ontario,    Can. 

Personnel:  Betty  L.  Bates,  pres.;  A.  J. 
Sales,  secy.  4  gen.  mgr.;  Fred  Harri- 
son, engr.;  W.  R.  McTavish,  pur.  agent; 
A.  E.  Riebel.  plant  supt. 

BATTALEN,  L  H. 

682  Broadway,  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

BATTELLE  MEMORIAL  INST. 

505    King   Avenue 
Columbus    I,    Ohio 
Personnel:    Clyde    E.    Williams,    dir.; 
Frank     C.      Croxton,      research      supvr. 
chemistry    div.;    J.    C.    De    Haven,    re- 
search engr. 


BAUM.    A.    J. 

919   North   Fifth   Street 

Sheboygan,   Wit. 

IAUMAN  ROSIN  &  ASSOCIATES 

214  Chester  Twelfth  Building 
Cleveland   14.  Ohio 
Personnel:  Ira  Rosin,  pres.;  Pat  Welder. 
secy.;  Morton  A.  Bauman,  chief  angr. 

IAWDEN  MACH.  CO.  LTD..  THE 
163   Sterling   Road 
Toronto,   Ontario.   Can. 


-jl:  F.  J.  Bawden,  pros.  &  sales 

mgr.;  C.  Pandlaton,  pur.  agent. 

BAY    STATE    ABRASIVE    PROD- 
UCTS COMPANY 

Union  Street 
Westboro,  Mass. 

If  inch  Offices:  INN.  Canal  St..  Chi. 
cage;  IDS  Baltimore  Ave.,  E.,  Detroit. 
Penonnel:  O.  S.  Buckner.  pres.;  E.  C. 
Hughes,  secy.;  L.  M.  Krull.  treat.;  D. 
I.  Wilson,  gen.  mgr.:  A.  G.  Green 
sales  mgr.:  Dr.  W.  R.  Morgan,  chief 
•ngr.;  W.  E.  Moody,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  G. 
Clayton,  dir.  public  relations;  G.  A. 
Stockwell,  pur.  agent;  F.  A.  Hughes, 
sales  engr. 

BAY  STATE  TAP  AND  DIE  CO. 

Chauncey  Street 

Mansfield,  Mass. 

Personnel:  L.  A.  Lincoln,  pres.  &  sales 

mgr.;    F.    S.    Shepard.    treas.    4    gen. 

mgr.;  E.  A.  L.  Baron,  pur.  agent. 

BEACH  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Montrose,  Penna. 

Personnel:  G.  R.  McKeage,  pres.:  John 
F.  McKeage,  vice-pres.;  M.  H.  Baker, 
secy.;  H.  W.  Bateson,  pur.  agent. 

BEACON  COMPANY.  THE 

91    Bickford    S  treat 
Boston,   Mass. 

SEAMAN    MOLDED   PROD.  CO. 
2315   Southwest   First  Avenue 
Portland    I.  Ore. 

Personnel:  T.  E.  Beaman,  owner  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  C.  de  Shazor  Jr..  chief  engr. 

BEATTY,    BROOK   PLASTICS 
214  West  75th  Street 
Kansas  City  5,  Mo. 

Personnel:  Brook  Beatty,  owner;  N.  L. 
Beatty,  secy. 

BECK,   I.  &  SONS,  INC. 
353  East  20th  Street 
New  York  3,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  I.  Beck,  pres.;  Charles  Beck, 
lecy.  &  gen.  mgr. 

BECKER,    MOORE   &  CO.,   INC. 

North  Tonawanda.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Percy  P.  Bowen.  pres.,  treas., 
sales  &  adv.  myr.  &  dir.  research; 
Allan  S.  Bowen,  vice-pres..  secy  &  pur 
agent. 

BEEBE  BROS.,  INCORPORATED 

2724  Sixth  Avenue,  South 
Seattle  4.  Wash. 

Personnel:  B.  B.  Beebe,  partner  in 
charge  production;  R.  H.  Beebe,  part- 
ner tn  charge  management;  D.  D.  Bee- 
be,  partner  in  charge  sales. 

BEHR-MANNINS  CORP. 
P.O.  Drawer  808 
Troy.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Buffalo.  N.Y.; 
Chicago:  Cincinnati;  Cleveland-  De- 
troit; Grand  Rapids,  Mich.;  High 
Point,  N.  C.:  Indianapolis;  Los  An- 
gelei;  New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh; St.  Louis:  San  Francisco:  Ta- 
coma.  Wash. 

Personnel:  f.  E.  Gallagher,  pres.:  H. 
M.  Elliot,  vice-pres.  ft  sales  mgr.-  A.  J 
Sidford  »  E.  C.  Schacht.  vice-pres.;  M. 
.  Petnel.  secy.;  T.  S.  Green,  trees.; 
J.  O.  Amttuz,  chief  engr.:  E.  Chamber- 
lain, adv.  mgr.;  S.  A.  Barr.  pur.  agent. 

BELKE  MFG.  CO. 

947  North  Cicero  Avenue 

Chicago  5,  III. 

Branch  Office:  Detroit. 

Personnel:  Wm.  E.  Belke,  pres.;  Edward 
Stanek,  gen.  mgr. 


BEL  6EDDES.  NORMAN  CO. 

50  Rockefeller  Plaza 

New  York.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Mai.  N  .S.Wales,  tech.  dir.; 

Frederic  A.  Pawley,  design  dir.;  H.  M. 

Hall,  research. 

BELDEN  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
4647   Wast  Van   Buren   Street 
Chicago  44.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  General  Motors  Bldg.. 
Detroit;  401  N.  Broad  St..  Philadelphia: 
Lynn  a  Brooks.  1401  S.  Hope  St..  Los 
Angeles  &  2048  Market  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Personnel:  Whipple  Jacobs,  pres.;  C. 
S.  Craigmile,  exec,  vice-pres.;  H.  W. 
Clough,  vice-pres.:  H.  A.  Neil,  sales 
mgr.  industrial  diy.;  Les  A.  Thayer, 
sales  mgr.  mdse.  div.;  H.  H.  Wermine, 
chief  engr.;  Baird  Rogers,  adv.  mgr. 

BELMONT  RADIO  CORP. 
5921  West  Dickens  Street 
Chicego  39.  III. 

Personnel:  P.  S.  Billings,  pres.;  Harold 
C.  Mattes,  vice-pres.  &  treas.:  John 
Robertson,  secy.;  S.  Freshman,  sales  & 
adv.  mgr.;  P.  A.  D'Orio,  chief  engr.; 
W.  L.  Dunn,  dir.  research;  George 
Neuhauser,  pur.  agent. 

BEMISS-JASON  CORP. 
1 1 1  Townsend 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

BEN   HUR  PRODUCTS,   INC. 

302  Fifth  Avenue 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Leominster.  Mass.;  607 

S.  Hill  St.,  Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:  Siegfried  Behr,  pres.  &  gen. 

mgr.:  Albert  J.  Gottlieb,   secy.;  Max 

M.  Hirtenstein,  treas..  sales  mgr.,  dir. 

public  relations  &  pur.  agent. 

BEND-A-LITE   PLASTICS   DIV. 

423  South  Honore  Street 
Chicago  12.  III. 

Personnel:  Albert  E.  McKee,  pres.;  A. 
A.  Mack,  secy.  &  trees.;  James  E. 
Thodos,  gen.  &  sales  mgr.;  Thomas  L. 
Martin,  dir.  public  relations;  Fred 
Baarsch,  pur.  agent. 

BENDIX  AVIATION  CORP. 

Phila.    Div.,    Metal    Hose    Depart. 
4700  Wissahickon  Avenue 
Philadelphia  44.  Penna. 
Personnel:  A.  D.  Blanchard,  gen.  mgr., 
sales  mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  L.  S.  Streeter, 
adv.  mgr.;  J.  D.   Kurtz,  material   pro- 
curement;   F.    B.    Moore,    production 
supt. 

BENDIX   CHEMICAL  CORP. 

420  Lexington  Avenue 
New  York   17,   N.Y. 

BERGER  MACH.  &  TOOL  CO. 

Jackson,   Mich. 

BERKANDER,  GEORGE  F..  INC. 

891    Broad  Street 

Providence    7.    R.I. 

Personnel:    Harry    E.    Berkander.    pres. 

Hector    A.    Gilman,    treas.;    John    S. 

Moran,  gen.  &  sales  mgr.,  Douglas  T. 

Lakey,  pur.  agent. 

BERRY  TOOL  &  MACH.  CO. 

Erie,  Penna. 

BERNHARD,   LUCIAN 
I    East  3rd  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

BERYLLIUM  CORP.  OF  PA.,  THE 
Reading,  Panna. 

Branch  Office:  205  W.  Wackar  Dr.. 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  J.  S.  Gravely,  pres.  a  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  H.  Jessup,  vice-pres.  •  secy.; 
A.  Berger,  asit.  trees.;  L.  R.  Boland. 
sales  mgr.:  L  T.  Troutman,  chief  engr.; 
R.  E.  Matthias,  pur.  agent;  M.  C.  Far- 
mer, gen.  supt. 

BEUTEX  CORPORATION 
675  New  Brunswick  Avenue 
Perth    Amboy.    NJ. 
Personnel:  F.  J.  Clarey.  pres..  gen.  & 
sales  mgr..  dir.  public  relations  »  pur. 
agent;  Helen  F.  Hooker,  secy.  1  treas.: 
Gerard  L.  O'Brien,  plastics  research  & 
chemist;  Martin  F.  Desmond,  adv.  mgr. 


BEVIL  COMPANY 
1801  South  Soto  Street 
Los  Angeles  23,  Calif. 
Sales  Divisions:  Musto-Kennan  Co..  1801 
S.  Soto  St.,  Los  Angeles;  Muito-keenan 
Co..   535   N.   Point   St.    San   Francisco; 
Cryco.  Inc.,   1516  Mission  St.,  S.  Pasa- 
dena, Calif. 

BICKNELL-THOMAS  CO. 

90  Wells  Street 
Greenfield,  Mass. 
Penonnel:  Leon  E.  Turner,  pres.;  Clar- 
ence M.  Fielding,  trees. 

BIGGS  BOILER  WORKS  CO. 
1007  Bank  Street 
Akron,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Cleveland;  Detroit; 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  Toledo. 
Personnel:  B.  R.  Barder,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  F.  G.  Sherbondy.  vice-pres., 
treas.  &  sales  mgr.:  L.  M.  Wise,  secy.; 
W.  H.  Hawk,  chief  engr.;  R.  Sweeny, 
pur  agent. 

BILLINGS  ft  SPENCER  CO..  THE 

I   Laurel  Street 
Hartford  6.  Conn. 
Branch  Offices:  9-11    Park   Place.   New 
York;   549  W.   Washington   Blvd.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  R.  J.  Ahern,  pres.;  W.  D. 
Endrej  &  H.  E.  Oberg,  vice-pres.:  E.  F. 
Cummings,  secy.  &  treas.;  K.  B.  Komp, 
sales  mgr..  merchandise  fools  div.;  M. 
N.  Kincaid,  chief  engr.:  R.  H.  Young, 
adv.  mgr.;  W.  H.  Blackburn,  pur. 
agent;  S.  H.  Kimmens,  controller. 

BINGHAMTON  FLEXIBLE 

SHAFT  DIVISION 
Swarts  &  White  Mfg.  Co. 
215  Washington  Court 
Binghamton,  N.Y. 
Personnel:   F.  C.   Swarti,   pres.;  C.   R. 
Swartz,  adv.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

SINKS    MANUFACTURING  CO. 
1414-40  Carroll  Avenue 
Chicago  12.  III. 
Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   J.    F.    Roche,    pres.:    R.    L. 
Griffin  &  E.  F.  Watts,  vice-pres.;  J.  C. 
Johnson,  secy.  &  treas. 

BINNEY  ft  SMITH  CO. 

41    East  42nd  Street 

New  York  17,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Ohio  Bldg.,  Akron;  228 

N.  La  Salle  St..  Chicago;  Drexel  Bldg.. 

Philadelphia:  Binney  &  Smith  Ltd.,  977 

Aqueduct  St.,  Montreal. 

Personnel:   A.   F.    Kitchel.   pres.;   N.   L. 

Smith  &  John  Stead,  vice-pres. ;  F.   R. 

Cantzlaar.  secy.;  F.  A.  Bonstedt,  sales 

mgr.  carbon  blacks:  J.  T.  Kealy,  sales 

mgr.  Mapico  pigments;  J.  W.  Snyder, 

dir.    research-    J.    F.    Snedeker,    pur. 

agent;  D.  F.  Cranor,  tech.  dir. 

BIRD  ft  SON,   INC. 

East  Walpole,  Mast. 

Branch   Offices:   Chicago;    New   York; 

Shreveport.   La. 

Personnel:  Benjamin  H.  Roberts,  pres.: 

Charles   W.    Conrad,   vice-pres.;   Axel 

H.   Anderson,  secy.   &  trees.;   Richard 

C.    Floyd,   sales   mgr.;    H.   S.    Hanna. 

pur.  agent. 

BIRDSBORO  STEEL  FOUNDRY  ft 

MACHINE  CO. 
Birdsboro,    Penna. 
Personnel:  J.   E.   McCauleY.   pres.:   M. 

E.  Post  *  R.  A.  Cannon,  vice-pres.:  R. 

F.  Rentschler,    secy.    1    trees.;    H.    P. 
Laussucq.  chief  engr.;  J.  A.  Klink,  pur. 
agent. 

BISCHOFF.  ERNST  CO..  INC. 
50  East  42nd  Street 
New  York   17.   N.Y. 
Branch  Offices:  Ivoryton,  Conn.;  Mem- 
phis. 

Personnel:  I.  M.  Bischoff.  pres  :  H.  G. 
Terwilliger.  exec,  vice-pres.  I  treas. 
New  York;  C.  lischoff  Terwilliger 
secy.;  J.  J.  Gorghi,  gen.  mgr.,  Mem 
phis;  Robert  T.  Remp  chief  them 
engr.;  Dr.  James  M.  Church,  dir.  re 
search;  Edw.  F.  Smith,  chief  chemist 
Geo.  W.  Terwilliger.  dir.  public  re- 
lations. 


BLACKHAWK  MFG.  CO. 
532S   West   Rogers   Street 
Milwaukee  I.  Wit. 
Personnel:  H.  P.  Brumder,  pres.;  I.  E. 
Bertane,  secy.;  J.  C.  Merker.  vice-pres. 
&   gen.    mgr.;   G.    H.   Goebrig.   vice- 
pres.   in  charge  sales;   E.   M.   pfauser, 
vice-pres.   t   chief   engr..;   B.    E.    Hot- 
vedt.     sales     promotion     mgr.-    Garv 
Cremer.  pur.  agent;  Sig  Mandl.  chief 
development  engr. 

BLAKE  PLASTIC  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

P.O.  Bo.  543 

Huntington    10,  W.V. 

Personnel:   H.  C.   Blake,   pres.   I  gen. 

mgr. 

BLANCHARD  MACH.  CO..  THE 

64  State  Street 

Cambridge  39,  Mass. 

Personnel:  T.  H.  Shepard.  pres.;  H.  K. 

Spencer,  trees.;   D.   R.   Weedon,   asst. 

mgr. 

BLAW-KNOX  COMPANY 

Blaw-Knox  Division 

Pittsburgh,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  Birmingham;  Chicago: 

New  York;  Philadelphia. 

Personnel:   E.  W.   Forker,  vice-pres.   1 

gen.  mgr.;  H.  L.  Barnebey.  asst.  sales 

mgr.;   A.   O.   Olson,   chief   engr.:    A. 

Hohman,  adv.  mgr.;  J.  E.  McWTlliams, 

pur.  agent. 

BLUM.  JULIUS  t  CO..  INC. 

532-540  West  22nd  Street 

New   York    II.    N.Y. 

Personnel:  B.  A.  Cover  Jr.,  sales  mgr. 

BOICE-CRANE  COMPANY 

930  West  Central  Avenue 

Toledo  6,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Wm.  t.  Bolce,  gen.  mgr.;  M. 

H.   Buehrer,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  J.   E. 

Boice,  chief  engr..  J.   H.  Luken,   pur. 

agent. 

BOLTA  PLASTICS  LIMITED 

Vittie  Street 

Granby.  Quebec.  Can. 

Personnel:  H.  T.  Houston,  pres..  secy. 

&  treai.;  A.  C.  Smith,  vice-pres.;  W. 

D.  Hinlhouse.  gen.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

BONWITT.   DR.  GUSTAVE  L 
17  West  60th  Street 
New  York  23.  N.Y. 

BOONTON  MOLDING  CO. 
Boonton,   NJ. 

Sales  Office:  122  E.  «2nd  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:  Geo.  K.  Scribner.  pres.:  F. 
K.  Davidson,  vice-pres.-  H.  L.  Dixon, 
secy.  &  pur.  agent;  W.  T.  Helwege. 
trees.;  Cnris.  J.  Groos,  sales  mar.;  R. 
W.  Post,  parts  engr.;  Gordon  Sayre. 
development  engr. 

BOOTS  AIRCRAFT  NUT  CORP. 

New  Canaan,  Conn. 
Branch  Offices:  221  N.  LaSalle  St..  Chi- 
cago; General   Motors   Bldg..   Detroit; 
9012-14    Wilshire    Blvd.,    Beverly    Hills. 
Calif. 

Personnel:  N.  J.  Boots,  pres.:  S.  A. 
Groves  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  R. 
W.  Johnson  1  C.  S.  Jackson,  vice-pres.: 
W.  C.  Wootton.  chief  engr. 

BORTMAN  PLASTICS  CO. 
183   Essex  Street 
Boston,    Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  147  S.  Adams  St.,  Chi 
cago;  IB  King  St.  W.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Marl  Bortman.  pres.  •  gen. 
mgr  •  C.  S.  Lintwiler  Jr..  vice-pres. :  E. 
B.  Lintwiler.  trees.:  E.  B.  Hauten.  dir. 
plastics  research;  T.  J.  Dutton,  adv. 
mgr. 

SOULWARE  BERRY  ASSOCIATES 

654  Madison  Avenue 

New  Yori  21.  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Lyle   F.   Boulware.  designer 

a  architect:  Eva  S.  Zeisel.  designer. 

BRAND.  WILLIAM  t  COMPANY 
276   Fourth  Avenue 
New   Yorl    10.   N.Y. 
Branch  Offices:  325  W.  Huron  St..  Chi- 
cago;  25IT  W.  7th  St.,  Lot  Angeles. 
Personnel:   William    Brand   •   William 
Naumborg.  partners:  S.  Aronton.  tales 
mgr. 


\t  \ 


!•  I     .«  fci  T  f  f  K 


Ingenious  New 

Technical  Methods 


Presented  in  the  hope  that  they  will 
prove  interesting  and  useful  to  you, 


BRANDENBURG.    MELFORD    F. 

258  Fifth  Avenue 
Now  York   I.  N.Y. 


Personnel:  C.  B.  Sweatt,  pres.;  E.  B 
Eyletn.  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  J.  P. 
Goheen,  secy.  &  treas.;  L.  M.  Morley 
sales  mgr.;  G.  M.  Muschamp,  chief 


•  ••V  »i      v.      ivi*      mus^narnp,     cniei 

Personnel:     Melford     F.     Brandenburg       e"9r.:  J.  F.  Sullivan,  adv.  mgr.;  K.  R 
owner;  M.  M.  Bursee.  sales  mgr.  &  dir.      Knoblauch,  dir.  public  relations;  J.  W. 

_l  _-i*  — .1  \A/i»mi"t;»rtn«»r       IMI*       &««.•**• 


New  Electroaire  Power  Unit  Converts 
Standard  Drill  Press  to  Automatic 


This  exact  control  over  feed  and 
retraction  speeds  permits  ready  con- 
version of  a  standard  drill  press 
with  tapping  head  in  to  an  automatic 
tapping  machine,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing Class  III  threads,  even  with 
comparatively  unskilled  operators. 
By  adjusting  speed  to  conform  to 
the  lead  pitch  of  the  threads  being 
tapped,  the  tap  will  cut  without  forc- 
ing threads,  and  on  the  reverse  the 
tap  will  actually  "float"  out  of  the 
part  with  no  strain  against  the 
thread  angle. 

Air-powered  jigs  and  fixtures  can 
be  opened,  closed,  and  indexed  by 
the  Electroaire  Power  Feed.  The 
unit  can  be  set  for  a  pre-determined 
number  of  cycles  so  that  multiple 
holes  can  be  drilled  in  the  same 
piece  without  ejection,  by  means  of 
an  indexing  fixture  controlled  and 
synchronized  by  the  Electroaire 
Unit.  One  operator  can  run  as  many 
as  two  or  three  drill  presses,  turning 
out  top-quality  work  with  few  re- 
jects and  with  a  minimum  of  tool 
breakage,  thus  effecting  a  great 
savings  in  time. 

Present  stockpiles  of  finest  quality 
materials  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  Wrigley's  Spearmint  chewing 
gum  are  now  exhausted — necessi- 
tating discontinuance  of  production. 
When  a  supply  of  proven  materials 
— known  to  be  up  to  the  finest  stand- 
ards of  quality— is  again  available, 
Wrigley's  will  resume  production — 
And  Wrigley's  Spearmint  will  be 
back  to  again  help  you  on  your  job. 
In  the  meantime  they  are  manufac- 
turing a  war  brand.  Wholesome  but 
not  excellent  enough  for  the  Wrigley 
brand  name. 

You  can  get  complete  infoniation  from  Ekc- 

trolineManufacturingComfany,  1973  East 

61it  Street,  Cleveland  3,  Otto. 

270 


S«t  up  to  punch  3  holes 
simultaneously 


Shows  holes  being  drilled 
automatically 


Z-56 


plastics  research. 

BRANDENBURGER.    RUSSELL    E. 

P.O.  Box  341 
Shelbyville,    Ind. 

BRANDT,  JOS.  &  BRO.,  INC. 

521-523    East   72nd   Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Louis    Brandt,    pres..    gen. 
mgr.    &    pur.    agent;    I.    Engel.    secy 
sales  &  adv.  mgr. 

BRANSTON  ELECTRIC  MFG.  CO 

65  Gill   Place 

Buffalo    13,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Chas.  A.  Branston.  gen.  mgr. 

BREYER  MOLDING  COMPANY 

2536  West  Lake  Street 

Chicago   12,  III. 

Personnel:    B.  J.   Smith   &   S.   J.   Stone 
partners. 

BRIER  MANUFACTURING  CO 

222    Richmond    Street 
Providence  2,    R.I. 
Personnel:    Benjamin    Brier      pres  • 
Charles  Brier,  treas. 

BRIGHAM,    R.   B.  COMPANY 

327%    16th  Street 

To'edo  2,  Ohio 

Personnel:   Richard   B.  Brigham    owner 

Rex    Dawson,    Miller    Agency    Toledo' 

adv.  mgr.;  M.   K.  Willets,   pur.  egent' 

BRIGHT  STAR  BATTERY  CO 
Clifton,  N.J. 
Personnel:    I.    Koretjky.    pres.;    M.    B. 
Horton.   vice-pres.   &  adv.   mgr.-  A    I 
Barash,    secy.    &    treas.-    C.    G.    Mac- 
Cowan,  sales  mgr.;  E.  O.  Koplitz    dir 
plastics   research;   F.   A.   Keller    chief 
chemist;  N.  B.  Chabof,  pur.  agent. 

BRILHART,  ARNOLD  LTD. 

435  Middle  Neck  Road 
Great  Neck,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Arnold  Brilhart    pres    treas 
*  dir.   plastics   research;   C.   F.   Gale- 
house,  vice-pres..  gen.  &  sales  mgr.  & 
chief  engr.;  Verlye  Mills  Brilhart,  secy.; 
D.    Bankert,    dir.    public    relations-    E 
Beechler.   pur.  agent. 

BRISTOL    COMPANY,    THE 

Waterbury  91,  Conn. 
Branch  Offices-  727  Oak  St..  Akron- 
Comer  Bldq..  Birmingham.  Ala.;  Stat- 
ler  Bldg.,  Boston;  221  E.  Cullerton  St 
Chicago-  Engineers  Bldg..  Cleveland- 
Gas  &  Electric  Bldg.,  Denver;  Book 
Bdq..  Detroit;  Citizens  State  Bank 
Bldg.,  Houston:  810  S.  Spring  St  Los 
Angeles:  250  W.  57th  St..  New  York- 
Natl.  Bank  Bldg.  Philadelphia-  210  E 
Parkway  N.S..  Pittsburgh;  Boatmans 
Bank  Bldg..  St.  Louis;  Specialty  Sales 
Co..  204  S.W.  Temple.  Salt  Lake  City 
0  Berry  St.,  San  Francisco:  White 
Bldg..  Seattle;  Bristol  Co.  of  Canada 
Ltd..  M  Princess  St.,  Toronto. 
Plants:  Akron;  Chicago;  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  H.  H.  Bristol,  pres.;  Rowland 
Hazard,  exec,  vice-pres.;  L.  G.  Bean, 
vice-pres.  in  charge  engr.  &  sales;  H. 
Koester.  vice-pres.  &  works  mgr.-'  W 
H.  Faeth.  treas.;  S.  R.  Bristol,  secy.;  H. 
E.  Beane.  sales  mgr.;  G.  P.  Lonerqan, 
sales  promotion  mgr.;  F.  A.  Faust,  mgr. 
application  engr.  dept.;  C.  O.  Sandt 
mgr.  service  dept.:  J.  W.  Peckham, 
mgr.  development  &  design  dept.;  G. 
T.  Evans,  mgr.  prod.  engr.  dept.;  J.  R. 
Waidetich.  mar.  specialty  engr.  dept  • 
L.  S.  Chase,  factory  supt.;  A.  R.  Bald- 
win prod,  mgr.;  Louis  Brandmeyer, 
tool  engr.;  W.  J.  Roemer,  pur.  aaent. 


Weingartner,  pur.  agent. 

BROWN  &  SHARPE  MFG.  CO. 
235   Promenade   Street 
Providence    I,    R.I. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Cleveland- 
Detroit;  Hartford;  New  York;  Philadel- 
phia; Rochester,  N.Y.;  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  H.  D.  Sharpe,  pres.  &  trees.; 
A.  K.  Brown  &  Richmond  Viall,  vice- 
pres.;  J.  A.  Newton  secy.;  A.  H.  Bain- 
ton  mgr.;  C.  W.  Machon,  sales  mgr.; 
E.  W.  Freeman,  plant  engr.;  J.  P.  Bur- 
dick,  adv.  mgr.:  J.  J.  Hall,  dir.  public 
relations;  R.  W.  Dixon,  pur.  agent. 

BRUNNER  MFG.  CO. 

1821  Broad  Street,  Utica  I,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  G.  L.  Brunner,  secy.;  G.  L. 
Brunner  Jr.,  gen.  mgr.  &  chief  engr.; 
A.  G.  Gunstrum,  seles  mgr.;  B.  J 
Scholl,  adv.  mgr.;  S.  R.  Hirsch,  dir. 
public  relations;  O.  R.  McDonald  pur 
egent. 

BRUSH  DEVELOPMENT  CO.,  THE 

3405  Perkins  Ave. 
Cleveland    14,   Ohio 
Personnel:  A.  L.  Williams,  pres.-  Victor 
Philips,  vice-pres.   &  treas.;  W.   R. 

boa 

Jess... ,„.„...„.. 

Hams,  chief  engr.;  Wrr^  H."shelton. 
adv.  mgr.:  B.  Van  Houten,  dir.  public 
relations;  V.  F.  Thompson,  pur.  agent; 
F.  B.  Avery,  works  mgr. 

BRY.  PAUL 

204  East  57th  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Paul  Bry,  owner;  Kim  Hoff- 
man, associate. 


.  ,  .  .        .     . 

Burwell,  gen.  mgr.  &  chairman  of  the 
board-  Blair  Foulds,  gen.  sales  mgr.; 
Jesse  P.  Johnson,  sales  mgr.:  A.  L.  Wil- 


BRYANT  ELECTRIC  CO.,  THE 

Hemco  Plastics  Division 
Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Personnel:  H.  E.  Seim,  vice-pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  S.  Booth,  treas.;  R.  H.  Cun- 
ningham, engr.  &  sales  mgr.  plastics 
div.;  C.  J.  Smith,  supt  plastics  div. 

BRYCE  PLASTIC  INDUSTRIES 

5910-12-18   West   Olympic   Blvd. 
Los  Angeles  36,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Robert  M.  Bryce,  owner; 
Bert  Levine,  sales  mgr. 


BROCKTON  TOOL  COMPANY 

Central   Street 
South    Easton,    Mass. 

Personnel:  Herbert  H.  Wydom.  pres., 
pen.  &  sales  mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Levi 
Holmes,  treas. 

BROWN  INSTRUMENT  CO.,  THE 

Wayne  and   Roberts  Avenues 
Philadelphia   44,   Pa. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Boston:  Buf- 
falo, N.Y.:  Chicago;  Cincinnati;  Cleve- 
land; Dallas-  Houston;  Indianapolis: 
Kansas  City.  Mo.;  Los  Angeles;  Milwau- 
kee; Toledo;  Tulsa;  Washington,  D.C. 


PLASTMCS 


BUCHSBAUM.  S.  &  CO. 

1737  South  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  16,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Merchandise  Mart,  Chi- 
cago- 120  E.  8th  St.,  Los  Angeles;  Em- 
pire State  Bldg.,  New  York;  833  Market 
St.,  San  Francisco;  Arcade  Bldg.,  Seat- 
tle; 75  N.  King  St.,  Honolulu. 
Plants:  243  E.  Huron  St.,  MB  E.  26th 
St.,  1550  S.  Indiana  Ave.  &  37  S.  Wa- 
bash  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Personnel:  HerbertJ.  Buchsbaum,  pres.' 
Chester  W.  Buchsbaum  &  Milton  H. 
Herzog,  vice-pres.;  Jeannette  Gold- 
farb,  secy.;  E.  V.  Buchsbaum,  treas.;  L 
C.  blife,  sales  mgr.;  Leonard  Becker, 
dir.  plastics  research;  Martin  J.  Tenen- 
baum,  chief  chemist;  F.  L.  Vander 
Heiden.  adv.  mgr.;  Walter  C.  Baron, 
dir.  public  relations;  Robert  Belmont 
pur.  agent. 

BUCKEYE  TOOLS  CORP. 

29  West  Apple  Street 
Dayton    I,    Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  2842  W.  Grand  Blvd., 
Detroit;  Investment  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh. 
Personnel:  Melverne  J.  McCombs,  pres. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  H.  O.  Gummere.  secy., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Albert  G.  Lauzon, 
treas.-  Earl  B.  Hamilton,  chief  engr.; 
E.  E.  Reeves,  pur.  agent. 

BUCKLEY,  C.  E.  COMPANY. 

43    Tremaine    Street 

Leorninster,    Mass. 

Personnel:  C.  E.  Buckley,  owner. 

BUDD  INDUCTION  HEATING 

1 181 1    Charlevoix    Avenue 
Detroit    14.   Mich. 
Personnel:  H.  A.  Coward,  pres.;  W,  H. 
Farr.    vice-pres.;     H.    O.     Mamzinger, 
sales  mgr.;  H.  A.  Strickland,  chief  engr. 

MARCH  1945 


BUDLONG,  ROBERT  D..  INC. 
333  North  Michigan  Ava. 
Chicago  I,  III. 

Personnel:   Robert  D.  Budlong.  pres. 

BUFFALO  FORGE  CO. 

490  Broadway 

Buffalo.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  citiej. 

BUFFALO  FOYE  CO. 

490  Broadway 

Buffalo.  N.Y. 

•ranch  Office*:  All  principal  cities. 

BUFFALO  TANK  CORPORATION 
744  Broad  Street 
Newark  2,  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  Dunellen, 
N.J. 

Personnel:  R.  I.  Morrison,  prej.;  P.  Cas- 
tro, secy,  ft  trees.;  S.  W,  Evans,  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  B.  Murphy,  tales  mgr.;  E.  W. 
Brass,  chief  engr.;  A.  C.  Fickes,  adv. 
mgr.;  A.  W.  Mclver,  pur.  agent. 

BUFFELEN  LUMBER  &  MFG.  CO. 
9  South  Clinton  Street 
Chicago.  III. 
BULLOCK-SMITH  ASSOCIATES 

136   Liberty  Street 
New  York  6.    New  York 
Personnel:  H.  Leslie  Bullock,  dir  ;  Car- 
los  6.  Smith,  chemical  engr. 

BUNNELL,  J.  H.,  &  CO. 
215  Fulton  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

BURDETT  MFG.  CO. 
19  North   Loomij  Street 
Chicago    7,    III. 

Personnel:  J.  H.  Burdett,  pro.,  t.  i. 
McCormick,  vice-pres.;  J.  E.  Veihl. 
secy.,  treas.,  gen.  &  sales  mgr.' W.  H. 
Tesmer,  chief  engr.;  F.  H.  Olerich, 
adv.  mgr. 

BURDICK  CORPORATION,  THE 

Milton.  Wis. 

Branch  Offices:  737  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  Burdick  Equipment  Co..  Inc., 
381  Fourth  Ave..  New  York. 


Personnel:  F.  A.  Anderson,  pres.;  R.  A. 

Cripa,  vice-pres.;  G.  E.  Croslay,  secy. 

t  treas. 

BUREAU,  ACHILLE  G. 

374   Burns   Street 

Forest  Hills,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 

BURGESS  BATTERY  COMPANY 

HANDICRAFT  DIVISION 
Chicago.  III. 

trench   Office:  25  Duval  St.,  Jackson 
villa,  Fla. 

Personnel:  C.  G.  Wllkenhoner,  sales 
mgr.  vibro-tool  dept. 

BURLING  INSTRUMENT  CO. 
253    Springfield    Avenue 
Newark  3,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Herbert  S.  Burling,  pres.; 
Virginia  Mulligan,  secy. 

BURNDY  ENGRNG.  CO..  INC. 

107   Bruckner  Boulevard 
New  York  54,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  F.  E.  L  Whitesell.  dir,  plas- 
tics research. 

BURNET  COMPANY,  THE 

100  Sold  Street,  N.Y. 

BURNS,   E.   REED,  MFG.  CORP. 

40-42  Withers  Street 
Brooklyn    II,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Russell  H.  Burns,  pres.,  gen. 
mgr.  ft  pur.  agent;  Lloyd  S.  Burns, 
secy.,  sales  ft  adv.  mgr.;  Herbert  R. 
Burns,  treas. 

BUSS  MACHINE  WORKS 

201-17  West  Eighth  Avenue 
Holland.  Mich. 

Ptrionnvt:  J.  S.  Pitler,  pros.,  treas.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  M.  E.  Dick,  vice-pres.  sales 
mgr.  &  adv.  mgr.  W.  Veers  ma,  chief 
engr.;  A.  H.  Overway,  pur.  agent;  B.  J. 
Dickema,  supt. 

BUTTERFIELD.  T.  F..  INC. 

56  Rubber  Avenue 
Naugatuck,  Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  1900  Euclid  Avenue, 
Cleveland:  E.  M.  Robb.  303  Fifth  Ave., 
New  York;  H.  Bardwell,  880  Main  St. 
W..  Rochester  N.Y.;  I.  F.  Murdock, 
Granite  Trust  Bldg..  Quincy.  Mass. 


Personnel:  T.  F.  Butterfield,  pres.  ft 
treas.;  E.  M.  Robb,  vica-prei.;  W.  H. 
Jones,  secy.;  C.  E.  Butterfield  I,  gen. 
mgr.;  C.  E.  Butterfield  II,  tales  mgr. 
ft  pur.  agent. 

BUTTON   CORP.  OF  AMERICA 
49  Dickereon  Street 
Newark,  NJ. 

Branch  Office:  140  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  P.  Ch.  Christensen,  pres., 
treas.  ft  gen.  mgr.*  H.  Newman,  vice- 
pres.  ft  dir.  plastics  research;  R.  O. 
Wood,  vice-pres.  ft  chief  engr.;  E.  M. 
Browning,  secy.;  J.  D.  Herlands,  sales 
mgr.;  J.  Reynolds,  pur.  agent. 

BUTTONDEX  CORPORATION 

386    Fourth    Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Ptrsonntl:  Charles  Schner  Jr..  pres.; 
Jack  Schneider,  gen.  mgr. 

C.  M.  PLASTIC  MOLDING  CO. 

Harrison  &  McClellan  Streets 

Trenton    10,   NJ. 

Personnel:  Camillo  Macchia,  owner. 

C-W  PLYWOOD  COMPANY 

9  South  Clinton   Street 

Chicago  6,  III. 

Branch  Office:  Washington,  D.C. 

Plants:   Olympia,   Wash.;  Tacoma;   St. 

Louis. 

Partners:  Jacques  Willis.   R.  J.  Willis 

&  R.  Chinn,  partners. 

CALCO  CHEMICAL  DIVISION 
American  Cyanamid  Company 
Bound  Broolc,  NJ. 
Branch  Officers:  Boston;  Charlotte,  N. 
C.;  Chicago;  Philadelphia;  Providence, 
R.I.;  New  York. 

CALDWELL  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

142  West  24th  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  David  Schiff.   pres.;  Joseph 

J.    Schiff,    secy.,    gen.    ft    sales    mgr.; 

Ludwig  Leaf,  treas.  &  chief  engr. 

CALIFORNIA  CRAFTSMEN 

1509  West  Manchester  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  44,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Henry  P.  Sand  ft  Evelyn  C. 
Wilhelm,  partners. 


CALPLASTI   CORPORATION 
8364  Beverly  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  36.  Calif. 
Personnel:   Horace   Blackman.   pres.   ft 
gen.  mgr.;  Frederic  Selie,  vice-prei.  ft 
chief  engr.;   Frank   Bickerstaff,  secy,  t 
treas.;    Harold    Hall,    sales    mgr.;    E. 
Cart,  pur.  agent. 

CALIF.  PLASTIC  MOULDING 

1702  East  61st  Street 

Los  Angeles   I,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Oeana  C.  Severance,  owner 

ft  adv.  mgr.;  Freda  MacFarland,  secy.: 

Walter  w.  Brown,  gen.  mgr. 

CALIF.  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS  CO. 

1800  Point  View 

Lot  Angeles   35,   Calif. 

Personnel:  Louis  Strauss,  prat,  t  chief 
engr.;  Jerome  Salzberger,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  sales  &  market  research. 

CALVA.  J.  B.  t  CO. 
502-504   Kasota   Building 
Minneapolis    I,    Minn. 
Personnel:  Jose  B.  Calva,  pres. 

CAMBRIDGE  INSTRUMENT  CO. 
3732  Grand  Central  Trml.  Bldg. 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  2400  W.  Madison  St. 
Chicago;  135  S.  36th  St.,  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  R.  H.  Kruse,  pres.  ft  sales 
mgr.;  H.  N.  Packard,  vice-pres.  ft 
treas.;  W.  H.  Jefferson,  secy.;  V.  O. 
Hutton,  chief  engr.;  N.  Cochron,  adv. 
mgr.;  L.  Birdsall,  pur.  agent. 

CAMFIELD  MFG.  COMPANY 

718  North  Seventh  Street 
Grand   Haven,  Mich. 
Personnel:   R.  W.  Camfield.  partner  ft 
gen.  mgr.;  R.  H.  Lillyblad.  partner  in 
charge   mfg.   ft   engr.;   P.    D.    Higgins. 
partner    in    charge    pur.;   J.    Nielsen, 
chief   chemist;    H.    L.   Olson    ft    I.    S. 
Wickham     supt.;    H.    J.    Byrne,    prod, 
control;  R.  M.  Mesereau,  air.  pur. 

CAMPBELL,  ANDREW  C..  DIV. 

Andrew  Chain  &  Cable  Co.,  Inc. 
Bridgeport,  Conn. 


After 


For  the  right  application  of  plastics  info 
YOUR  needs— KNOW  NOSCO. 


er  years  of  diversified  custom  molding  exper- 
ience NOSCO  KNOWS  not  only  how,  when  and 
where  plastics  should  be  used  but  more  important, 
what  their  limitations  are.  Get  to  KNOW  NOSCO'S 
rganization  of  experience  NOW  for  competent, 
honest  appraisal  of  plastics'  place  in  YOUR  present  or 
future  product*.  KNOW  NOSCO  for  NOSCO  KNOWS. 


ONAL     ORGAN     SUPPLY     CO    •    ERIE,    PA. 


MARCH  1945 


Creating  "Designing -Engineering -Die  &  Mold  Making -Molding 


I'l.ASTi  CS 


CAMPBELL,  A.  S.  CO..  INC. 

161    Prescott   Street 

East   Boston   28,    Mass. 

Branch  Office:  Fisher  Bldg.,  Detroit. 

Personnel:  Neil  C.  Raymond,  pres.;  W. 
E.  Porter,  vice-pres.;  F.  W.  Wheeler 
treas.;  R.  W.  Hubbs,  mgr.  &  chief 
engr.  plastics  div.;  C.  R.  Campbell, 
sales  mgr.;  Robert  Magnuson,  chief 
chemist;  W.  A.  Sellon,  pur.  agent. 

CANADIAN  BRIDGE  ENGR.  CO. 

1219  Walker  Road 
Walkerville,    Ontario,    Can. 
Branch  Office:  Montreal. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Holzhauser,  treas.;  A. 
St.  C.  Ryley,  gen.  mgr.;  E.  W.  Shaw, 
chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  C. 
D.  Henderson,  pur.  agent. 

CANADIAN  GEN.  ELEC.  CO. 

212  King  Street,  West 
Toronto  I,  Ontario.  Can 

Personnel:  A.  E.  Byrne,  mgr.  plastics 
commercial  div.;  H.  A.  Gadd,  supt. 
mfg.  dept.;  T.  J.  Carey,  plastics  engr. 

CANADIAN  INDUSTRIES  LTD. 

Plastics    Division 

P.O.   Box    10 

Montreal,  Quebec,  Can. 

Branch  Offices:  Manitoba;  Toronto; 
Vancouver;  Winnipeg. 

Personnel:  J.  F.  Armitage,  mgr.  plas- 
tics div.;  B.  Henden,  sales  mgr.;  Spal- 
ding  Black,  adv.  mgr.;  G.  L.  Martin, 
works  mgr. 

CANADIAN   LAPIN   PROD.  LTD. 
587   Fleet  Street,  West 
Toronto,    Ontario,    Can. 

Personnel:  M.  Rosenfield,  pres.,  New- 
ark, N.J.;  R.  R.  Cole,  gen.  mgr. 

CANADIAN  WESTINGHOUSE 

Hamilton,  Ontario,  Can. 

Branch  Offices:  R.  William;  Halifax; 
London;  Montreal;  Regina;  Swastika; 
Toronto;  Vancouver;  Winnipeg. 


Personnel:  John  R.  Read,  pres.;  H.  A. 
Cooch,  yice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  A. 
W.  Milligan,  chief  engr.  plastics:  O. 
G.  Moffat,  mgr.  plastics  sales;  K.  J. 
Farthing,  adv.  mgr.;  D.  A.  Wilson, 
pur.  agent. 

CANEDY  OTTO   MFG.  CO. 

Chicago  Heights,  III. 

Personnel:  C.  H.  Thomas  pres.;  R.  D. 
Thomas,  vice-pres.;  J.  E.  Thomas,  secy., 
treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  M.  M.  Davis,  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.;  G.  Kopp,  chief  engr.;  O. 
J.  Stender,  pur.  agent. 

CAPAC  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Capac,    Mich. 

Personnel:  T.  J.  Arbron.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  R.  W.  Sinclair,  vice-pres.  & 
treas.;  J.  K.  Worley,  secy.;  J.  R.  Wood, 
chief  engr.;  Albert  Balk,  chief  chem- 
ist; F.  Hoeper,  pur.  agent. 

CARBIDE    &    CARBON    CHEM- 
ICALS CORP. 

Unit    Union    Carbide    &    Carbon 

Corp. 

30  East  42nd  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Sales  Offices:  310  Peachtree  St.  N.E., 
Atlanta;  137  Newbury  St.,  Boston;  1280 
N.  Main  St.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  230  N. 
Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago;  2S06  May  St., 
Cincinnati;  1517  Superior  Ave.,  Cleve- 
land; 3044  W.  Grand  Blvd.,  Detroit; 
729  N.  Pennsylvania  St.,  Indianapolis' 
2305  E.  52nd  St.,  Los  Angeles-  30  E. 
42nd  St.,  New  York;  164?  N.  Broad  St., 
Philadelphia;  311  Ross  St..  Pittsburgh; 
4228  Forest  Pk.  Blvd.,  St.  Louis;  114 
Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 

CARBOLA  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Natural    Bridge.    New  York 

Personnel:  Carl  J.  Zimmermann,  pres. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  Edward  J.  Welch,  vice- 
pres.;  H.  T.  Koenig.  secy.,  treas..  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.;  Kenneth  H.  Hansen,  chief 
chemist;  Delbert  B.  Thomas,  pur. 
agent;  George  Lee,  supt. 

CARBOGEN  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Garwood,  NJ. 


CAREY,  PHILIP  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

Loclcland 
Cincinnati  15,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta'  Baltimore- 
Boston;  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  Charlotte,  N.C.; 
Chicago,  Cincinnati;  Cleveland;  Col- 
umbus' Dallas;  Dayton;  Denver;  De- 
troit; Indianapolis;  Kansas  City,  Mo.; 
Los  Angeles;  Louisville;  Minneapolis; 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh' 
St.  Louis;  Seattle;  Wheeling,  W.Va.  ' 
Personnel:  R.  S.  King,  pres.;  E.  W. 
Smith,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  C.  B. 
Pooler,  vice-pres.  in  charge  opera- 
tions; H.  R.  Barrett,  vice-pres.  &  con- 
troller; W.  J.  Moeller,  W.  L.  Steffens 
&  L.  E.  Whitaker,  vice-pres.;  W.  C. 
Ignatius,  secy.  &  treas.;  E.  J.  Shotfner 
chief  engr.;  Dr.  H.  W.  Greider,  dir.  re- 
search; H.  D.  Bates,  adv.  mgr;  E.  L. 
Clayton,  dir.  pur. 

CARLITE  COMPANY 

140  12th  Street 
Oakland,  Calif. 

CARPENTER  STEEL  CO.,  THE 

350  West  Bern  Street 
Reading,  Pa. 

Branch  Offices:  1514  Carroll  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago; 515  Hamilton  Ave.  Cleveland- 
6181  Warren  Ave.  W.,  Detroit-  3284 
Main  St.,  Hartford;  633  Fulton  St..  In- 
dianapolis; 347  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York:  3701  N.  Broad  St.,  Philadelphia; 
712  Cass  Ave.,  St.  Louis. 

Personnel:  J.  H.  Parker,  pres.;  F.  R. 
Palmer,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales:  E.  J. 
Poole  Jr.,  vice-pres.  in  charge  mfg.;  J. 
W.  Moxon,  secy.  &  treas.;  P.  B.  Green- 
awald,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  V.  Mann,  sales 
mgr.;  C.  M.  Jones,  chief  engr;  A.  E. 
Keller,  adv.  mgr.;  R.  P.  Freehafer,  pur. 
agent;  B.  H.  DeLong,  chief  metallur- 
gist. 

CARRIER  CORPORATION 

South  Geddes  Street 
Syracuse   I,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Cloud  Wampler,  pres.;  E.  T. 
Murphy,  sr.  vice-pres.;  A.  P.  Shanltlin, 
vice-pres.  in  charge  dealer  sales;  W.  H. 


Driscoll,  vice-pres.  in  charge  direct 
sales;  H.  L.  Laube,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
engr.;  G.  R.  Auld,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
mfg.;  M.  E.  Snyder  secy.  &  treas.; 
Leslie  M.  Beals,  adv.  mgr.;  G.  J. 
Burke,  adv.  production  mgr.;  C.  P. 
Powers,  pur.  agent. 

CARROLL,  J.  B.  CO. 

319    North    Albany    Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  B.  Carroll,  pres.,  treas.  & 
gen.  mgr.-  Wm.  F.  Staecker,  vice- 
pres.;  E.  Mitchell,  secy.  &  pur.  agent; 
M.  F.  Sutherland,  sales  mgr. 

CARTER,  R.  L,  DIVISION 

The  Stanley  Works 

Elm   Street 

New  Britain,  Conn. 

Personnel:  R.  E.  Pritchard,  pres.;  L.  M. 

Knouse,   vice-pres.;  J.   S.    Black,   secy.- 

L.  W.  Young,  treas.;  F.  p.  Fuller,  sales 

mgr.;     C.     Powers,     chief     engr.;     G. 

Fletcher,  adv.  mgr.;  George  Rawlings, 

dir.  public  relations;  H.  E.  Pape,  pur. 

agent. 

CARTER    PRODUCTS   CORP. 

6921    Carnegie  Avenue 
Cleveland  3,  Ohio 
Personnel:      Brigham      Britton,      pres.; 
Philip    S.    Britton,    vice-pres.    &    treas.; 
O.    C.    Wilson,    secy.    &    gen.    mgr.; 
Charles  Oswald,  adv.  mgr. 

CARVER.  FRED  S. 

395  Hudson  Street 

New  York  14,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Fred  S.  Carver,  owner. 

CASEIN  CO.  OF  AMERICA 

Division  The   Borden  Company 

350    Madison    Avenue 

New  York    17.   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices  and  Plants:  Bainbridge, 

N.Y.;  315   N.  Clark  St.,   Chicago-   701 

Myrtle  St.,  Seattle. 

Research  Laboratory:  Bainbridge,  N.Y 

Personnel:  William   F.   Leicester,   pres. 

B.    B.    Wadsworth,    sales    mgr.;    J.    F 

Corwin.  chief  chemist;  Eugene  O'Hare 

dir.  tech.  service  div. 


Kux  Preform  Presses 

THE  NEW  MASSIVE  MODEL  65  PRODUCES 
PREFORMS  3"  DIAMETER,  HAS  A  3"  DIE 
FILL  AND  APPLIES  75  TONS  PRESSURE 

This  rugged  preform  press  with  its  heavy  duty,  one-piece  cast 
steel  main  frame  will  produce  odd  shapes  as  well  as  round 
preforms.  The  pressure  applied  by  both  top  and  bottom  punches 
results  in  more  solid,  dense  preforms,  which  have  less  tendency 
to  crumble  or  break  during  handling.  This  new  Model  65  press 
is  built  to  safely  withstand  high  pressures  of  up  to  75  tons  at 
top  production  efficiency. 

Choice  of  a  complete  size  range  of  machines  in  both  single  punch 
models  and  multiple  punch  rotaries  is  also  available. 

Write  Dopf .  PL  for  catalog  or  demonstration 


Kux  MACHINE  COMPANY 

1974-44     W.     HARIISON     ST.     •      CHICAGO     34,     ILLINOIS 


MODEL   65 


272 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


CATALIN  CORPORATION 

I    Park  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  I.  F.  Ferguson,  221  N. 
It  S«llt  St.,  Ch.cogo;  R.  W.  Lindxy, 
JS5  River  Av«..  Providence.  R.I. 
Ferionnel:  Harry  Krehbiel.  prej.;  Leo 
L  Beck,  vice-pr«».;  Robt.  Frew.  secy. 
1  treai.;  Clinton  Rector,  sales  mgr.;  W. 
R.  Thompson,  tech.  dir.  plastics  re- 
March;  E.  S.  Horsman,  adv.  mgr.  & 
pur.  agent. 

CAVASNARO.  JOHN  J. 
Harrison,    NJ. 

Branch  Office:  255  Centra  St.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  John  J.  Cavagnaro,  part- 
Mr;  Alfred  C.  Cavagnaro,  pur.  agent. 

CELANESE    PLASTICS   CORP. 

Oiv.   Celanese   Corp.   of  America 
180  Madison  Avenue 
New    York    16.    N.Y. 
lunch  Offices:  Chicago;   Dayton;  De- 
trot. 

CELLO-PLASTIC  CHEM.  CO. 

Park  Building 
Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
Personnel:  A.  Linger,  owner. 

CELLO-NU   PRODUCTS 

65  East  Lake  Street 
Chicago  I,  III. 

CELLULOSE  PRODUCTS  CO. 

6504   South    Central    Avenue 
Los  Angeles    I,   Calif. 
Personnel:  Harry  D.  Hogan  &  Jessie  J. 
Clary  Hogan,  partners. 

CELLUPLASTIC    CORPORATION 
SO  Avenue  L 
Newark  5.  NJ. 

Irench  Office:  630  Fifth  Ave.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  Herman  B.  Lermer,  pres.; 
Irving  S.  Lermer,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Julius  Silver,  secy.;  Horace  Al- 
len, treas.;  Paul  Trimmer,  chief  engr.; 
Joseph  Wollman,  adv.  mgr.  &  pur. 
agent. 

CELOID  MFG.  CO..  INC. 
693  Broadway 
New  York   12.  N.Y. 

CELOMAT  CORPORATION 
521   West  23rd  Street 
New   York    II.   N.Y. 
Personnel:    Herbert   Weil   Jr.,    ores.    & 
pur.    agent;    Myron    Greenwald,    vice- 
pres.  &  sales  mgr.;   Ruth   Ross,  secy.; 
Herbert  Weil  Sr.,  treas.;  Charles  Kar- 
mel.  chief  engr. 

CEL-U-DEX  CORPORATION 

I   Main  Street 

Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  C.    R.   Chamberlin,   pres.   Si 

chief  chemist;  F.  E.   Rising,  vice-pres.; 

5.  H.  Goll,  secy.;  W.  I.  Walsh,  treas.; 
W.  E.  Christy,  gen.  mgr.;  C.  W.   Busk. 
sales  mgr.;  Peter  J.  Speth,  chief  engr.: 

6.  E.  Lewis,  adv.  mgr.;  I.  M.  Remson. 
pur.  agent. 

CENTRAL  DIE  CASTING  &  MFG. 
2935  West  47th  Street 
Chicago  32,  III. 

Personnel:  L.  J.  Sebek,  pres.;  A.  R. 
Keene,  vice-pres.,  chief  engr.  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  L.  J.  Tunik.  adv. 
mqr.  &  pur.  agent. 

CENTRAL  SCREW  COMPANY 

3501  Shields  Avenue 
Chicago  9.  III. 

Personnel:  H.  F.  Kellogg,  pres.,  treat. 
&  pur.  agent;  D.  S.  Jennings,  vice- 
pres.  4  secy.;  R.  B.  Warren,  gen.  mgr.; 
Ernest  Payne,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.'  Wil- 
liam Roche,  chief  engr,;  Clyde  Great- 
house,  proa,  control. 

CENTURY  ELECTRIC  CO. 
1806  Pine 
St.  Louis.  Mo. 

CENTURY  PLASTICS  CORP. 
1753-59  North  Damen  Avenue 
Chicago  47.  III. 

Personnel:     Louis     L.     Perlman,     pres.: 
•    Benn,  vice-pres.:  S.  J.  Jacob- 
sen,  secy.;  H.  Arnold  Cohen,  treas. 


MARCH  194.-) 


CENTURY  STEARIC  ACID  CAN- 
DLE WORKS.  INC. 
41    East  42nd  Street 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  E.  Vass,  pres.;  H.  M.  Ab- 
bott, vice-pres.  It  gen.  mgr.;  R.  In- 
gnsch,  secy.  &  treas.;  E.  Jobbins,  sales 
mgr. 

CHAMPION  BLOWER  &  FORGE 

Lancaster,    Penna. 

Personnel:  C.  B.  Long,  pres.;  O.  H. 
Hertiler,  vice-pres.,  secy.  &  sales  mgr.; 
H.  K.  Long,  treas.;  F.  P.  GroH,  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  K.  Long,  chief  engr.;  C.  B. 
Flick,  pur.  agent. 

CHAPMAN,   DAVE 

540  North   Michigan  Avenue 

Chicago   II.  III. 

CHASE,  L  C.  &  CO. 

Coated  Fabric  Division 

Reading,  Mass. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Freeheit,  mgr. 

CHATILLON,  JOHN  &  SONS 

85-93  Cliff  Street 
New  York  7.  N.Y. 
Branch   Office:    142    Monroe   St.,   Gar- 
field.  NJ. 

Personnel:  George  E.  Chatillon,  pres.: 
Alfred  J.  Chatillon,  vice-pres.  &  treas.; 
Robert  J.  Reiley,  secy.;  W.  Kenneth 
Stafford,  pur.  agent;  Kilburn  Leighton. 
works  mgr.;  George  W.  Concklin,  mgr. 
Garfield  plant. 

CHEMACO   CORPORATION 

(See    Manufacturers   Chemical 

Corp.) 

CHEMICAL    MANUFACTURING 

52   Williams  Street 

New  York  5,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  John  Lansing,  E.   Bigness  & 

J.  Virdone,  partners. 

CHEMICAL  MFG.  SALES  CO. 

5618  South  Harper  Avenue 
Chicago  37,  Illinois 
Personnel:  H.  A.  Shafer,  pres. 

CHEMICAL  PLASTICS.   INC. 

7301    West  Lake  Street 
St.  Louis  Park 
Minneapolis    16,    Minn. 
Personnel:   K.  A.   Loven.   pres.   &  gen. 
mgr.;     P.    W.     Fitzpatrick,    vice-pres.; 
Fred.  P.  Memmer,  secy.  &  treas.;  A.  D. 
Sinning,  dir.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist. 

CHEMOLD  CO. 

Division  Western   Plastics,   Inc. 
4407  San  Fernando  Road 
Glendale  4,  Calif. 
Personnel:  A.  W.  Christensen,  pres.;  J. 
C.  Christensen,  vice-prei.;  L.  W.  John- 
son, treas. 

CHICAGO  DIE  MOLD  MFG.  CO. 

4001    Wrightwood   Avenue 
Chicago  39.  III. 

Branch  Office:  Geo.  Kroening,  312  E. 
Wisconsin  Ave.,  Milwaukee. 
Personnel:  E.  A.  Peterson  owner;  B. 
Matthews,  secy.  &  treas.;  S.  Freeburg 
gen.  mgr.;  Chas.  C.  Henry,  sales  mgr.: 
A.  Maclachlan,  adv.  mgr. 

CHICAGO  FABRICATED  PROD. 

355   North  Justine  Street 

Chicago  7.  III. 

Personnel:    D.   S.    Hill    •    H.   J.    Hill. 

partners. 

CHICAGO   IMPRESSION   DIE  & 

MFG.  CO. 

4013  West  Milwaukee  Avenue 
Chicago  41.  III. 
Plant:  4557  Diversey  Ave..  Chicago. 
Personnel:    R.    H.    Helfenbein,    owner: 
W.  C.  P.  Zabel.  mgr. 

CHICAGO-LATROBE  TWIST 

DRILL  WORKS 
411   West  Ontario  Street 
Chicago   10,  III. 

Personnel:  Harry  J.  Cogswell,  ores.;  M. 
O.  Erickson.  asst.  to  pres.;  E.  W.  Zip*e. 
vice-prtt.  in  charge  mfg.;  R.  J.  Cogs- 
well, vice-pret-;  H.  G.  Capron,  secy.: 
K.  Kronwall,  trees.;  W.  J.  Kallin,  chief 
engr.;  Stanley  Ziegler,  pur.  egent. 


IALO 


RAPIDITY... 

when  delivery 
is  paramount 

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geared  for  high-speed  produc- 
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JOHN  NASSAU,  INC. 

Specialists  in  Cold-Forging  Sinn  1850 

160  Clay  Street,  Brooklyn  22,  N.  Y. 


////////////////Ml 


Hassall 


PLASTICS 


27.1 


I  OUR  new  DME  stripper  plate  mold  bases 
—available  previously  only  on  special  order— are  now 
standard  DME  items  and  carried  in  stock  ready  for  imme- 
diate shipment.  They  can  now  be  had  in  DME  standard 
mold  base  sizes  2,  3,  4,  and  5— ranging  from  9"  x  12"  to 
12"  x  23': "-and  in  five  or  six  plate  series,  as  desired. 

With  greater  production  facilities  at  DME,  the  greatly 
expanded  line  of  standard  mold  bases  and  parts,  and 
the  addition  of  this  new  series  of  stripper  plate  mold 
bases  .  .  .  DME  now  is  prepared  as  never  before  to 
adequately  service  the  nation's  mold  makers  in  their 
every  mold  base  requirement. 

We'll  gladly  send  you  details  of  DME's  new  stripper 
plate  mold  bases,  with  sizes  and  full  specifications. 


DME  NEWS   will   be   mailed   you 
monthly  upon  your  request. 


'IDMIE 


DETROIT      MOLD 

ENGINEERING     COMPANY 


6686    E.    McNICHOLS    RD. 


DETROIT    12,    MICHIGAN 


CHICAGO  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 

1020  North  Kolmar  Avenue 
Chicago  51.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Union  Commerce  Bldg.. 
Cleveland;  Stephenson  Bldg.,  Detroit; 
115  N.  Pennsylvania  St.  Indianapolis; 
IO&  E.  14th  St..  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  1225 
N.  Water  St.,  Milwaukee;  3650  Dover 
Place,  St.  Louis;  3  Swarthmore  Place, 
Swarthmore,  Pa. 

Personnel:  Edward  F.  Bachner,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  M.  P.  Bachner,  yice-pres.  & 
treas.;  L.  H.  Bachner.  vice-pres.  & 
secy.;  J.  J.  Bachner,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr. 

CHICAGO  PLASTIC  MFG.  CO. 

4029   West  Kinzie  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  W.  Anderson  &  Rose  E. 
Anderson,  partners. 

CHICAGO  PRECISION  EOPT. 

919  N.  Michigan  Avenue 

Chicago  II,  III. 

Personnel:    R.   H.   Williams,   gen.   sales 

mgr. 

CHICAGO    TOOL    AND    ENGI- 
NEERING CO. 

8383  South  Chicago  Avenue 
Chicago   17,  III. 

Personnel:  C.  A.  Palmgren,  pres.;  f.  M. 
Hayes,  vice-pres.;  C.  A.  Palmgren,  Jr., 
secy.  &  treas. 

CHICOPEE    MANUFACTURING 
CORP.  OF  GEORGIA 

New   Brunswick,   N.J. 

Branch   Office:   Lumite  div.,   40  Worth 

it.,  New  York. 

Personnel:   N.    L.   Smith,   pres.;   W.   J 

Holman  Jr.,  mgr.  Lumite  div. 

CHIKSAN  COMPANY 

330  North  Pomona  Avenue 
Brea,    California 

Branch    Office    50    Church    St.,    New 

York. 

Personnel:   W.    Edgar   Spear,    pres.    & 

Een.  mgr.;  L.  J.  Laird,  vice-pres.,  sales 
adv.    mgr.;    Frank    Burrill,    secy.    & 
treas.;   Doyle   C.  Warren,  chief  engr.; 
M.  A.  Neely,  dir.  public  relations;   E. 
R.  Vance,  pur.  agent. 

CHRYSLER  CORPORATION 

Detroit.  Mich. 

CHURCH,  C.  F.  MFG.  CO. 

Holyoke,   Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Boston;  Chi- 
cago; Cleveland;  New  York;  Philadel- 
phia; Rochester,  N.Y.;  Richmond;  Salt 
Lake  City;  San  Francisco;  Washington, 
D.C. 

Personnel:  Richard  A.  Witherell,  pres.; 
Dudley  Warth,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Wm.  W.  Baer,  vice-pres.;  Clifford  S. 
Lyon,  secy.;  George  Carlson,  treas.;  S. 
L.  Young,  gen.  mgr.  molding  div.;  E. 
J.  Witherell.  adv.  mgr.;  D.  E.  Warner, 
pur.  agent. 

CIBA  CO.,  INC. 

Greenwich   and    Morton   Streets 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Branch   Offices:   Boston;   Charlotte,   N. 

C.;   Chicago;    Montreal;    Philadelphia; 

Providence,  R.I.;  San  Francisco. 

CIBA  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

77-79    River   Street 

Hoboken,  N.J. 

Personnel:   A.   F.   Lichtenstein,   pres.   & 

treas.;  H.  B.  Marshall,  vice-pres.,  C.  V. 

Connor,  secy. 

CINCH  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
2335  West  Van   Buren  Street 
Chicago   12,   III. 

Personnel:  Lester  W.  Tarr,  pres.;  Gary 
C.  Wilson,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  J. 
J.  Steffen,  vice-ores.;  John  R.  Nichol- 
son, secy.;  A.  W.  Kimbell,  treas.;  Carl 
Knutson,  chief  engr.*  G.  F.  Mangin, 
dir.  plastics  research;  Thomas  Hop- 
kins, pur.  agent. 

CINCINNATI  ADV.   PROD.  CO. 
3274   Beekman   Street 
Cincinnati.  Ohio 

Personnel:  G.  F.  Martman,  pres.;  R.  J. 
Rohde,  secy.,  treas.  &  dir.  public  re- 
lations; Erik  Furholmen.  works  mgr., 
chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics  research; 
Howard  Frankel,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  R. 
H.  Meyers,  pur.  agent. 


CINCINNATI  BICKFORD  TOOL 
3220  Forrer  Street 

Oakley 
Cincinnati  9,  Ohio 

Personnel:  August  H.  Tuechter.  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  G.  P.  Gradolf.  vice-pres.  & 
treas.;  O.  E.  Schauer,  secy.;  Neil  C. 
Schauer,  sales  mgr.;  L.  L.  Schauer. 
chief  engr.;  R.  N.  Piper,  adv.  mgr.; 
W.  A.  Steinwart,  pur.  igent. 

CINCINNATI  ELECTRICAL 
TOOL  CO.,  THE 

Madison   &   Edwards   Roads 
Cincinnati  8,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Buffalo,  N.Y.; 
Chicago;  Denver;  Detroit;  Indianapolis* 
New  York;  Orlando;  Pittsburgh;  Port- 
land, Ore.;  San  Francisco. 

Personnel:  R.  K.  Le  Blond,  pres.;  Rich- 
ard E.  Le  Blond,  vice-pres.;  A.  W. 
Jacob,  secy.;  Edward  G.  Schultz,  treas.; 
W.  C.  Borntraeger,  gen.  mgr.;  L.  C. 
Casey,  chief  engr. 

CINCINNATI   GRINDERS,   INC. 

Marburg  Avenue 
Cincinnati  9,   Ohio 

Field  Offices:  Boston;  Buffalo;  Chicago; 
Cleveland;  Detroit;  W.  Hartford-  New 
York;  Pittsburgh;  Syracuse,  N.Y.;  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Personnel:  F.  V.  Geier,  pres.;  W.  W. 
Tangeman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  F. 
M.  Angevin,  secy.;  P.  O.  Geier,  treas.; 
S.  E.  Bergstrom,  sales  mgr.;  L.  F.  Nen- 
ninger,  chief  engr.;  C.  M.  Reesey,  adv. 
mgr.;  H.  Decatur,  pur.  agent. 

CINCINNATI  INDUSTRIES,  INC. 

LocUand,   Ohio 

Sales   Office:    130   W.   42nd    St.,    New 

York. 

Representatives:  Detroit;  Indianapolis; 
Philadelphia;  St.  Louii. 

Personnel:  W.  W.  Rowe,  pres.  a  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  C.  Kemp,  vice-pres.  &  treas.; 
E.  A.  Skidmore,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
sales;  C.  L.  Spangler,  secy.;  W.  E. 
Sarran,  factory  mgr.;  F.  H.  Pauzer, 
chief  chemist;  W.  J.  Braun,  pur.  agent. 

CINCINNATI    MILLING    MA- 
CHINE  CO..  THE 

Marburg  Avenue 
Cincinnati    9,    Ohio 

Field  Offices:  Boston;  Buffalo- Chicago; 
Cleveland;  Detroit;  W.  Hartford;  New 
York;  Pittsburgh;  Syracuse,  N.Y.;  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Personnel:  F.  V.  Geier,  pres.;  W.  W. 
Tangeman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  F. 
M.  Angevin,  secy.;  P.  O.  Geier,  treas.; 
S.  E.  Bergstrom,  sales  mgr.;  L.  F.  Nen- 
ninger,  chief  engr.;  C.  M.  Reesey,  adv. 
mgr.;  H.  Decatur,  pur.  agent. 

CINCINNATI  MOLDING  CO. 

2037  Florence  Avenue 
Cincinnati  6,  Ohio 

CINCINNATI   SHAPER  CO. 

Hopple  and  Serrard 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Personnel:  P.  G.  March  III,  pres.;  H. 
S.  Robinson,  secy.  &  gen.  mgr.;  F.  H. 
Pfefferle,  sales  mgr.-  A.  G.  Baumgart- 
ner,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  Fenner,  pur.  agent. 

CINCINNATI  TOOL  CO.,  THE 

Norwood 

Cincinnati    12,  Ohio 

Personnel:  J.  A.  Gardner,  sales  mgr. 

CINELIN  COMPANY 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Personnel:  L.  R.  Sereinsky,  qen.  mgr. 

CITY  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

132  West  22nd  Street 

New  York   II,  N.Y. 

Plant:  100  Hoboken  Ave.,  Jersey  City. 
N.J. 

Personnel:  M.  Wolpert,  pres.;  E.  Fell- 
ner,  secy.;  H.  L.  Baer,  treas.  &  pur. 
agent;  R.  Handel,  sales  mgr.;  C.  La- 
zarus, dir.  research  &  chief  chemist. 

CLAREMONT  WASTE  MFG.  CO. 

Claremont,  N.H. 

Personnel:  Samuel  Steinfleld,  pres., 
treas.  &  pur.  agent;  Frank  Steinfleld, 
vice-pres..  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  Andrew 
Hauge,  cnief  engr. 


274 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


CLAREMOULD   PLASTICS   CO. 

135-39  Jackson  Street 

Newark  5.  NJ. 

Personnel:  Philip  Car*,  partner  &  gen. 

mgr,;  George   Clare,    partner   &   tales 

mgr.;   Samuel   Clare,    partner;   Morris 

Fverstetn,  pur.  agent. 

CLARK.  ROBERT  H.  CO. 
9330  Santa  Monica  Blvd. 
Beverly  Hills,  Calif. 

CLARK  TRUCTRACTOR 

Division  Clark  Equipment  Co. 
Battle  Creek,    Mich. 
lunch   Offices:   <07   N.   24th   St..   Sir- 
mingham;  310  S.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago; Petroleum   Bldg.,  Houston;   1716 
E.    Seventh    St..    Los    Angeles;    34    Ex- 
change PI.,  Jersey  City,  N.J.;  2207  First 
Ave.  S.,  Seattle. 

Personnel:  Eira  W.  Clark,  vice-pres.  It 
gen.  mgr.;  James  H.  W.  Conklin,  asit. 
sales  mgr.;  E.  J.  Dunham,  chief  engr. 

CLASSIC  STUDIO 

201  East  37th  Street.  N.Y.,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Sarkis  Cirkinian,   pres. 

CLEVELAND    PLASTICS,    INC. 
1611    East  21st  Street 
Cleveland   14.  Ohio 
Penonnel:  M.  L.  Boyd,  pres. 

CLEVELAND   PUNCH   ft  SHEAR 
WORKS  COMPANY,  THE 

3917  St.  Claire  Avenue,  Northeast 
Cleveland    14,   Ohio 
lunch  Offices:  General  Motors  Bldg. 
Detroit:   60    E.    42nd    St.,    New    York 
Pennsylvania  Bldg..  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  W.   C.   Sayle,    pres.   &  gen 
mgr.;  H.  J.  Corrin,  vice-pres.  &  secy. 
R.  E.  McFadden.  treas.;  A.  J.  Fitzger 
aid,  sales  mgr.;  W.  F.  Longfield,  chief 
engr.;  W.  J.  Stewart,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 
public    relations;    J.    M.    Berry,    pur. 
agent. 

CLEVELAND  TOOL  ENSRG.  CO. 
1263   West   Fourth   Street 
Cleveland    13,   Ohio 
Personnel:  C.  E.  Walling,  owner. 
CLEVELAND  TWIST  DRILL  CO. 
1242  E.  49th  St. 
Cleveland   14.  Ohio 
•ranch  Offices:  9  N.  Jefferson  St.,  Chi- 
cago;  6SIS   Second    Blvd.,   Detroit;   20 
Tnomas  St..  New  York;  6S4  Howard  St., 
San  Francisco. 

Personnel:  J.  D.  Cox,  pres.;  W.  E. 
Caldwell,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  Geo. 
H.  Kohlmetz,  pur.  agent. 

CLINFORD    CORPORATION 
30  East  20th  Street 
New  York  3,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Louis  G.  Katz.  pres.  & 
treas.;  Howard  R.  Lass,  vice-pres.  & 
secy. 

CLIPPER  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

392  West  Lancaster  Avenue 

Wayne,  Penna. 

Personnel:  Thomas  E.  Betner,  Frederick 

W.   Marshall   Jr.    &    H.    B.   Chadwick. 

partners. 

CLOVER  BOX  &  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
816-826  East   140th  Street 
New  York  54,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Monroe  L.  Dinell,  pres.  & 
treas. 

CLOVER  MFG.  CO. 
327  Main  St. 
Norwalk,  Conn. 

Personnel:  I.  H.  Gallaher.  pres.;  E.  S. 
Gallaher.  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  George 
A.  Fish,  district  sales  mgr.;  Wilfred  G. 
Beard,  chief  engr.;  Mark  E.  Brown,  pur. 
egent. 

COBB  ft  ZIMMER 

2309  Monroe 

Detroit  7.  Mich. 

Personnel:  G.  P.  Cobb  t  E.  E.  Zimmer. 

partner*. 

COCKSHUTT     MOULDED     AIR- 
CRAFT LIMITED 
Brantford.  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:   C.   G.  Cockshutt,   pres.:   J. 
A.    D.    Slemin.    secy.;   W.   J.    Phillips. 
treas.:   S.    S.    Lee,   gen.    mgr.;   C.    L. 
Moon  &  W.  T.  C.  Smith,  chief  engr.; 


MARCH  1945 


H.  W.  Richards,  dir.  public  relations; 
J.  M.  Fenton,  pur.  agent. 

CODMAN,  F.  L  ft  J.  C.  CO. 

Maple  Street 

Rockland.  Mass. 

Personnel:   E.  Winthrop   Hall,   pres.   & 

gen.    mgr.;    Mrs.    Robert    B.    Watson 

secy.  &  trees.;  Andrew  Douglas,  chief 

mach.;  J.  Henry   Bourque,   pur  agent. 

COE  MFG.  CO..  THE 

Bank  Street 
Painesville,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Lincoln  Bldg.,  40  E.  42 
St..  New  York;  Lewis  Bldg..  Portland, 
Ore. 

Personnel:  F.  W.  Milbourn  Sr.,  pres.: 
F.  W.  Milbourn  Jr.,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.:  F.  S.  Krag,  vice-pres.;  J.  S. 
podds,  secy.  &  pur.  agent:  E.  P.  Mor- 
ris, sales  mgr.;  R.  E.  Worthington, 
chief  engr. 

COHAN-EPNER   CO.,    INC. 
142  West  14th  Street 
New  York  II.  N.Y. 

Subsidiary:  Ano-Met  Corp..  138  W. 
14th  St.,  New  Yerk. 

Personnel:  Emanuel  Cohan,  pres.;  Louis 
Epner,  secy.  &  treas. 

COLASTA  COMPANY.   INC. 

I    Mechanic  Street 
Hoosick  Falls,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Douglas  C.  Bateholts,  pres.; 
Paul  H.  La  Porte,  vice-pres.  &  trees.; 
Ezra  Tiffany,  secy.;  Henry  Jacobsen, 
chief  chemist. 

COLONIAL  BROACH  CO. 
Box  37.  Harper  Station 
Detroit   13,   Mich. 
Branch   Offices   4   Representatives:   All 
principal  cities. 

Personnel:  Carl  Halborg.  pres.;  Arvid 
Lundell,  vice-pres.:  G.  McCracken,  fac- 
tory mgr.:  Ralph  Lagerfeldt,  sales 
mgr.;  H.  J.  Gotberg,  chief  engr.;  F. 
E.  Pethick,  pur.  agent. 

COLONIAL  BUSHINGS.  INC. 

145  Jos.  Campau  Street 
Detroit  7.  Mich. 

Branch   Offices   1   Representatives:   All 

Principal  cities. 

Personnel:  E.  R.  Daly,  gen.  mgr. 

COLONIAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Englowood,   NJ. 

Branch  Office:  Produce  Exchange  Bldg. 
New  York. 

COLT'S    PATENT    FIREARMS 
MFG.  CO. 

17  Van  Dyke  Avenue 
Hartford,  Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  20VeseySt.,  New  York 
Container  Service  Co.,  1266  N.  West 
ern  Ave.,  Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:  Graham  H.  Anthony  pres. 
B.  F.  Conner,  vice-pres.,  gen.  &  sales 
mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  Einer 
Sather,  secy.;  L.  T.  Goodrich,  treas. 
W.  A.  Schmalz,  chief  engr.;  M.  Van  de 
Weghe,  chief  chemist;  Morgan  Mon- 
roe, dir.  public  relations;  Frank  Hal- 
lin,  pur.  agent. 

COLTON.  ARTHUR  COMPANY 
2600  East  Jefferson  Avenue 
Detroit  7,  Michigan 

Personnel:  R.  L.  Colton,  pres.;  Arthu 
Colton,  vice-pres.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr. 
F.  X.  Roellinger,  secy.  &  adv.  mgr. 
Nelson  Carman,  sales  mgr.;  Alfred 
Kath,  chief  engr.;  Alex.  Gelattly,  dir 
public  relations;  Arthur  Green,  pur 
agent. 

COLUMBIA  DENTOFORM  CO. 
131    E.  23rd  Street 
New  York   10.  N.Y. 
Personnel:   B.  L.  Spitzer,  pres. 

COLUMBIA  ENGINEERING  CO 
1 13-1 19  Sussex  Avenue 
Newark  4,   NJ. 
Personnel:  Paul  Beel,  gen.  mgr. 

COLUMBIA    PLASTICS    MFG. 

484  Greenwich  Street 

New  York    13.   N.Y. 

Personnel:   Edward  Griffal.  gen.  mgr 

Irvin  I.  Rubin,  prod.  mgr. 


r 


PORTABLE  -  LIGHTWEIGHT-  IMXPINSIVI 

Designed  for  Laboratory  or  production  line.  Will  handle 
hundreds  of  specimens  daily.  Requires  no  special  skill. 
Can  be  used  by  anyone  with  only  few  moments'  instruc- 
tion. Not  injured  by  accidental  overload.  Only  37"  high 
and  weighs  just  1)2  Ibs. 

TENSILE -TRANSVERSE -AND 
COMPRESSION  TESTING  IN  ONE  UNIT 

May  be  had  with  or  without  floor  stand  and  is  easily 
motorized  if  desired.  Seven  different  capacities  ranging 
from  0-250  Ibs.  up  to  0-10,000  Ibs.  Shipped  with  self- 
aligning  grips — ball  bearings  throughout.  Has  safety  glass 
panel  and  maximum  hand.  Workmanship  is  highest  quality. 

TESTS  ROUNDS,  FLATS,  ODD  SHAPES 

For  steel,  wire,  aluminum,  plastics,  rubber,  springs,  wood, 
hundreds  of  others.  Special  grips  to  order. 


RAPID  DELIVERY 

Deliveriei  in  fourteen  dayt  or  leaf  Prom- 
inently used  by  Douglas  Aircraft,  Sperry 
Gyroscope,  Republic  Steel,  Chrysler  Corp., 
Bell  Aircraft,  Fisher  Body,  etc.  Has  every 
desirable  feature  at  low  cost! 


W.C.  DILLONS  CO.,  INC. 


•  W.  HARRISON  ST. 

CHICAGO  44.    ILLINOIS 


PLASTICS 


275 


YICTORYW/W/ 

Plastics  /0/i  you. . . 


We'll  be  ready  to  do  a  better  molding  job  for  you 

.  .  .  when  we've  finished  supplying  the  needs  of 

many  prime  contractors  to  the  Armed  Forces. 

Molding  plastics  for  War  still  demands  most  of  our 
time  and  equipment .  . .  it's  VICTORY'S*  bit  toward 
complete  Victory  .  .  .  but  it's  also  paving  the  way  for 
better-molded  products  for  you  in  the  days  of  Peace. 
Wartime  lessons  in  precision  molding  have  sharp- 
ened the  wits  of  our  engineering  staff.  Solving  tough 
problems  has  broadened  our  knowledge  of  handling 
a  great  variety  of  thermo-plastics.  Our  workers  are 
better  craftsmen  because  they  have  learned  the  impor- 
tance of  extreme  accu- 
racy. 

Whatever  plastic 
product  you're  plan- 
ning to  use,  consult 
with  our  engineers  at 
once.  On  certain  con- 
tracts we  may  be  able 
to  begin  molding  right 


AUTOMATIC 
INJECTION  MOLDING 

Small  and  large  parts 

UP  TO  17- OZ. 
SHOTS 

LumarMi,  T.nil.,  Fibnto., 

Plaitacelle,  Cryitallite,  Lucito, 

Ethyl  Cellulose,  Poly.lr.n., 

Lustron,  Styron, 

Cellulose  Acetate  and 

other*  ...  all  molded  to  your 

exacting  specifications. 


Member:  Society  of  lie 
Plattici  Industry 


VICTORY 


.HUFACTURING  COMPANY 

1722    W.  Arcade   Place,  Chicago    12,  111. 


ESTABLISHED     1930 


COLUMBIA  PROTEKTOSITE  CO. 

Carlstadt.  NJ. 

Personnel:  Joseph  Brunetti,  pres.,  gen. 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Lazzaro  l-ation. 
secy.  &  treas.;  Herbert  K.  lalbot.  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.;  Anthony  J.  Uesimone, 
cruet  engr. 

COLUMBIAN   ROPE  COMPANY 

Allied  Products  Division 
Auburn.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  i.  W.  Metcalf.  pres.;  E.  B. 
Carlson,  sales  mgr.  Allied  Products 
LJiv.;  K.  H.  Bowen,  dir.  plastics  re* 
search;  E,  B.  Johnson,  chief  chemist; 
Reynolds  Spriggs,  adv.  mgr.;  i-.  V. 
Urake,  pur.  agent. 

COLUMBUS    COATED    FABRICS 

1280  North  Grant  Avenue 
Columbus  16,  Ohio 
Branch    Offices:    222    W.    Adams    St. 
Chicago;  iu\    Hall  St.,   Dallas;  UIU  S. 
Spring  M.,  Los  Angeies;  40  Worth  St., 
New   fork;  festal  telegram  Bldg.,  San 
rrancisco. 

Personnel:  O.  C.  Altmaier,  pres.-  C.  S 
Hyatt  &  H.  E.  Nesbitt,  vice-pres.;  J. 
W.  Willcox.  secy.  ft  treas.;  H.  h. 
brooks,  cniet  engr.;  I.  J.  Kerr,  chiet 
Liiernist;  A.  Shutt,  adv.  mgr. 

COLUMBUS  PLASTIC  PROD. 

319  Dublin  Avenu* 
Columbus  15,  Ohio 

Personnel:  G.  W.  Keny,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  J.  Braley,  secy.,  treas.  a  pur. 
agent;  B.  W.  Hively,  sales  a  adv.  mgr. 
&  dir.  plastics  research;  N.  W.  Koop, 
chief  engr. 

COLWABORD  LIMITED 

Coldwater,  Ontario,  Can. 
Branch  Office:  10;  i-ront  St.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Alfred  Kidney,  gen.  mgr.; 
M.  L  Jacob,  sales  mgr.;  H.  G.  Jacob, 
chief  chemist;  V.  I.  Oswald,  adv.  mgr. 
&  dir.  public  relations. 

COMMERCIAL    PLASTICS    CO. 

I   North  Wells  Street 
Chicago  6,  Illinois 

Personnel:  C.  R.  Overholser,  pres.;  R. 
J.  Mott,  vice-pres.;  G.  W.  Bushing, 
secy.;  P.  J.  McCrory,  treas. 

COMMONWEALTH  ELECTRIC  & 

MFG.  CO. 
83   Boston  Street 
boston,  Mass. 
Personnel:  L.  C.  Pelkus.  sales  mgr. 

OMMON  WEALTH    PLASTIC 

98  Adams  Street 
.eominster,  Mass. 

'ersonnel:  Harry  Levine,  pres.;  Louis 
.evine,  vice-pres.;  Edward  W.  Carlson, 
ecy..  treas.  &  pur.  agent;  George 
lauer.  gen.  mgr.;  Sol  Birnbaum,  sales 
ngr.;  Guy  S.  Bixby,  chief  engr.; 

Charles  Dawson,  dir.  plastics  research; 

Arnold  Spitzer,  dir.  public  relations. 

COMPOSITION  MATERIALS  CO. 

25  West  43rd  Street 
Mew  York   18,  N.Y. 

'ersonnel:  E.  K.  Simon,  pres.;  M.  H. 
ischer,  vice-pres.  &  treas. 

COMPRESSION   MOLDING  CO. 
OF  ST.  LOUIS 

314   Morganford    Road 
t.  Louis  16,  Missouri 

ranch  Plant:  1329  S.  Vandeventer  Ave.. 
t.  Louis. 

ersonnel: 'Charles  D.  Pauli  Jr.  &  Wai- 
•r  J.  Tighe,  partners. 

CONLEY.  LEONARD  B. 

033  Alton  Road 
ort  Worth,  Texas 

CONNECTICUT    HARD    RUBBER 

407    East  Street 
•Jew    Haven   9,    Conn. 

ersonnel:  John  A.  Moffitt,  pres.;  C.  M. 
loede.  vice-pres.  &  secy.;  A.  H. 
>ower,  sales  mgr.;  Dr.  B.  J.  Humphrey, 
ir.  research. 

CONNECTICUT  PLASTICS  PROD. 

0  West  Liberty  Street 
rVaterbury  89,  Conn. 

ersonnel:  James  P.  Sullivan,  pres.- 
.tiles  J.  Kelly,  secy. 


276 


PLASTICS 


CONNOR  LUMBER  &  LAND  CO. 

Laona,  Wis. 

Personnel:  W.  D.  Connor,  pres.;  G.  R. 
Connor  &  R.  M.  Connor,  vice-pres.;  M. 
R.  Laird,  secy.  &  treas. 

CONSOLIDATED      MOLDED 
PRODUCTS  CORP. 

309  Cherry  Street 

Scranton  2,  Pa. 

Branch  Offices:   New  York;  Bridgeport; 

Chicago;    Detroit;   Cleveland. 

CONSOLIDATED  WATER 
POWER  &  PAPER  CO. 

Plastics  Division 
Wisconsin    Rapids,  Wis. 
Personnel:    George    W.    Mead,    pres.; 
Stanton  W.   Mead,  vice-pres.  &  treas.; 
Walter    L.    Mead,    vice-pres.    &    sales 
mgr.;    Ralph    R.   Cole,   secy.;    D.    Mc- 
Calla,  sales  &  tech.  service  supvr. 

CONSOLITE  CORPORATION 
III   East  State  Street 
Freemont,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Harry  J.  Feist,  pres.  & 
treas.;  R.  D.  Hetrick,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mar.;  D.  H.  Feist,  secy.;  W.  L.  Reed, 
sales  mgr. 

CONTINENTAL  CAN  CO.,  INC. 
Plastics  Division 
Cambridge,  Ohio 

Personnel:  C.  C.  Conway,  pres.:  J.  B. 
Jeffress  Jr..  vice-pres.;  Sherlock  Me- 
Kewen,  treas.;  J.  E.  Wolfe,  gen.  sales 
mgr.;  k.  W.  Bromley,  chief  mgr.;  R.  R. 
Carlier.  mgr.  adv.  &  sales  promotion; 
D.  T.  Culberlson.  pur.  agent;  E.  R. 
Brodeen,  plant  mgr.  molding  section; 
R.  E.  Follet,  works  mgr.  laminating 

CONTINENTAL-DIAMOND 
FIBRE  COMPANY 

Newark  33,  Dela. 
Branch  Offices:  3019  Oak  Forest  Drive, 
Baltimore;  Martin  Bldg.,  Birmingham; 
131  State  St.,  Boston;  Ellicott  Square 
Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.:  Palmolive  Bldg., 
Chicago;  Leader  Bldg.,  Cleveland; 
4226  Cedar  Springs  St.,  Dallas;  Third 
Natl.  Bldg.,  Dayton;  Equitable  Bldg.. 
Denver;  New  Center  Bldg.,  Detroit; 
Merchants  a  Mfrs.  Bldg.,  Houston;  828 
N.  Broadway,  Milwaukee;  Plymouth 
Bldg.,  Minneapolis;  Masonic  temple 
Bldg.,  New  Orleans:  420  Lexington 
Ave.,  New  York;  Electric  Bldg.,  Omaha; 
Drexel  Bldg.,  Philadelphia;  Oliver 
Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  4030  Chouteau  Ave., 
St.  Louis:  611  S.  Church  St..  Spartan- 
burg,  S.C.;  1427  Eye  St.  N.W.,  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Representatives:  Marwood  Limited,  367 
Ninth  St.,  San  Francisco;  1714  First 
Ave.  S..  Seattle:  209  S.W.  1st  Aye.. 
Portland.  Ore.,  a  320  E.  3rd  St  Los 
Angeles-  Diamond  State  Fibre  Com- 
pany of  Canada.  Ltd..  350  Eastern 
Ave.,  Toronto. 

Personnel:  J.  P.  Wright,  pres.;  N.  N 
Wright,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  F.  K. 
Simons,  secy.;  J.  A.  Ranck,  treas.;  C. 
S.  Rankin,  chief  engr.;  H.  A.  Harold- 
son,  dir.  plastics  research;  E.  A.  Haus- 
mann,  chief  chemist;  Nelson  W.  Sieber, 
adv.  mgr.;  W.  H.  Walker  Jr.,  pur. 

CONTINENTAL  MACHINES 

1301  Washington  Avenue,  South 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Branch  Offices:  DoAII  Companies,  Bal- 
timore* Birmingham.  Ala.;  Boston;  Chi- 
cago; Cincinnati;  Cleveland;  Denver; 
Detroit;  Grand  Rapids;  Hartford, 
Conn.;  Houston;  Indianapolis:  Los  An- 
geles; Milwauke;  Minneapolis;  New 
York-  Orlando,  Fla.;  Philadelphia; 
Pittsburgh;  Providence,  R.I.;  Rochester, 
N.Y.;  RocHord.  III..  St.  Louis;  San 
Francisco;  Seattle;  Toledo;  Tulsa, 
Okla.;  Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  R.  J.  Wilkie.  pres.;  J.  W. 
Wilkie,  vice-pres.;  L.  W.  Haling,  secy.; 
L.  R.  Rothenberger,  sales  mgr.;  J.  A. 
Harrington,  chief  engr.;  C.  H.  Rosene, 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  W. 
G.  Hamlett.  pur  agent;  E.  R.  Grosser, 
shop  supt. 

CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 
308  West  Erie  Street 
Chicago,   III. 

Personnel:  Joseph  D.  Linehan,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Richard  0.  Linehan,  vice-pres., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr..  chief  chemist  &  dir. 
public  relations;  E.  Gutzmann,  secy.; 
Carl  G.  Bornsen,  gen.  mgr.,  chief  engr. 
&  pur.  agent;  John  Antosh,  dir.  plas- 
tics research. 

MARCH  1945 


CONTINENTAL  SCREW  CO. 

Mount  Pleasant  Street 

New  Bedford.  Mass. 

Branch  Office:  General  Motors  Bldg., 

Detroit. 

Personnel:    P.   Sweeney,    ores.    I   gen. 

mgr.;   D.   D.   Oevis,  vice-pres.   »  sales 

mgr.-    M.    D.    Sweeney,   >ecy.;    C.    H. 

WarJwell.  treat.;  M.  Hunt,  pur.  agent; 

F.  K.  Srown,  plant  tupt. 

COOK  HEAT  TREATING  CORP. 
3334  East  Slauson  Ave. 
Los  Angeles  1 1,  Calif. 
Personnel:  W.  W.  Farrar.  pres.  a  sales 
mgr.;  G.  A.  Zellmer,  vice-pres.;    Rich- 
erd  S.  Smith,  secy.,  treat.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
Wm.  Laury    pur.  agent;  J.  C.   Meyer, 
controller,  Wm.  McCort,  metallurgist. 

COOK.  LAWRENCE  H..  INC. 
65  Massasoit  Avenue 
East  Providence  14.  R.I. 
Personnel:   Lawrence   H.   Cook,    pres., 
gen.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  Ray- 
mond N.  Cook,  secy.;  Mildred  S.  Mil- 
lard,  asst.   trees.;   Edward    R.   Berling, 
chief   engr. 

COOPER,  D.  C.  CO. 
20  East  18th  Street 
Chicago  16,  Illinois 
Personnel:  0.  C.  Cooper,  owner. 

CORACY  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

202  O  Connell  Street 

Providence  5.  R.I. 

I/inch    Offices:    34?    Manton    Avenue, 

Providence. 

Personnel:  Joseph   H.   Raymond,  secy.' 

Joseph    A.   Cyr,   finan.   secy.;    Manuel 

Cornea,  gen.  mgr. 

CORDO  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

34  Smith  Street 

Norwalk.  Conn. 

Branch    Office:    230    Park    Ave..    New 

York. 

Personnel:    Victor    F.    Mutch,    pres.    & 

treas.;   H.  Clinch   Tate,   vice-pres.;   J. 

Knight    Holbrook    Jr.,    secy.;    Corydon 

M.  Grafton,  dir.  plastics  research;   H. 

Curtis   Price,   chief   chemist;   John    A. 

Anderson,   pur.  agent. 

COTE    &    LAMBERT 

Leominster,   Mass. 

C-O-TWO  FIRE  EQUIPMENT  CO. 
U.  S.  Highway  No.  I 
Newark  I.  NJ. 

(ranch  Offices:  242  Spring  St.,  N.W., 
Atlanta;  444  N.  Lake  Shore  Dr.  Chi- 
cago; 977  Mission  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  S.  E.  Allen,  pres.;  Carroll 
Snider,  asst.  to  pres.;  M.  A.  Laswell  & 
E.  J.  Waring,  vice-pres.;  C.  D. 
Schmolze,  asst.  to  vice-pres.;  E.  A. 
Clepp.  secy.  &  treas.;  F.  B.  Allen,  chief 
engr.;  Truman  Young,  adv.  mgr.;  R.  F. 
Batch,  dir.  public  relations;  E.  0.  Wolf, 
pur.  agant. 

COUGHLIN  MFG.  CO. 
699  East  132nd  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Ir.nch    Offices:    845    W.    Washington 
Blvd.,   Los  Angeles. 
Personnel:  Frank   R.  Couqhlin.  pres.  & 
adv.    mgr. |    Paul    V.    Coughlin,    vice- 
pres.  &  chief  engr. 

COURNAND.  E.  L.  &  COMANY 
3835  Ninth  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  1704  Aliceanna  Ave., 
Baltimore. 

Personnel:  E.  L  Cournand,  gen.  part- 
Mr;  J.  S.  Dougherty,  gen.  mgr.;  J. 
Freitag.  chief  engr.;  P.  Levitt,  pur. 
agent;  A.  Scarfi.  plant  mgr.;  R.  D. 
Denise,  comptroller. 

COVEL-HANCHETT   COMPANY 
Big  Rapids,  Mich. 
Branch  Office:  113  1st  Ave.,  S.W.,  Port- 
land  4.  Ore. 

COVEL  MFG.  CO. 
Benton    Harbor,    Mich. 
Personnel:  E.  C.  Rlstrup,  pres.  i  gen. 
mgr.;   L.   L.   Filstrup,  vice-pres.;  Alvin 


Filstrup,  Jr.,  secy.,  trees.,  Seles  mgr.  I 
adv.  mgr.;  John  Bergiuitd.  chief  engr.; 
David  Martin,  dir.  public  relations, 
Paul  S.  Hurd,  pur.  agent;  John  Me- 
Antee.  foundry  mgr. 

COY  MFG.  CO. 

2033    Park   Avenue 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Personnel:  M.  Marwil,  pres.;  S.  Marwil, 

vice- pres. 

CRAMER,  R.  W.  CO.,  INC,  THE 

Centerbrook,  Conn. 
Branch  Office:   17   E.  42nd,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  R.  W.  Cramer,  pres.  ft  sales 
mgr.;   E.   R.  Brophy  ft  E.  L.  Schellens, 
vice-pres.;  Arnold   Boyd,   secy.:   A.  S. 
Miller,  trees.;  J.  J.  Smith,  chief  engr.; 
R.  W.  Williams,  pur.  agent. 

CRAVEN  &  WHITTAKER  CO. 
215  Georgia  Avenue 
Providence  5.  R.I. 
Personnel:    William    A.    Craven,    Fred 
Whittaker  &  Irving  W.  Wheeler,  part- 
ners. 

CREATIVE  PRINTMAKERS 
GROUP 

14  West  17th  Street 
New  York  II.  N.Y. 
Personnel:'  E.  Morley,  gen.  mgr. 

CRESCENT  MACHINE  CO.,  THE 

Leetonia,  Ohio 

CRESCENT   PANEL  COMPANY 

Louisville,  Ky. 

Branch  Plants:  Cuthbert,  Ga.;  Florence. 

S.C. 

Personnel:  E.  O.  Dulaney,  pres.;  C.  M. 

Hilton,   vice-pres.   in   charge   sales;   T. 

W.  Rucker,  vice-pres.  in  charge  prod. 

CRITERION   MACHINE  WORKS 

403  North  Foothill  Road 
Beverly  Hills.  Calif. 
Personnel:    Henry    Brent,    par.    &    dir. 
pub.  rel.;  M.  Degrace,  par.;  E.  Mont- 
gomery, gen.  mgr.  ft  pur.  agent;  E.  H. 
Van  Wissman,  sales  mgr.;  Donald  Bak- 
er,  chief   engr.;    Ray   Johnston,    plant 
supt. 

CROASDALE    &    DEANGELIS 

Eagle  &  Lawrence  Roads 
Upper  Darby,  Penna. 

Personnel:  John  P.  Croasdale  Jr.,  pres.; 
Arthur  C.  de  Angelis,  vice-pres.'  Ed- 
win P.  Blair,  secy.  &  treas.;  N.  H.  Shen- 
kin,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.:  John  Morton, 
chief  engr.;  Charles  Riffkin,  dir.  plas- 
tics research  &  chief  chemist;  A.  E. 
Kockler,  pur.  agent. 

CROSLEY  MARINE 

4401   Ponce  de  Leon  Boulevard 
Coral  Gables,  Fla. 

Personnel:  Powel  Crosley  Jr.,  pres.; 
Powel  Crosley  III,  gen.  ft  sales  mgr. 
&  dir.  plastics  research;  James  Mark- 
ley,  chief  engr.;  Florence  Stryzcki.  chief 
chemist;  Charles  Benn,  adv.  mgr.  ft 
pur.  agent. 

CROWE  NAME  PLATE  &  MFG. 

3701    Ravenswood  Avenue 
Chicago  13.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Cincinnati;  Detroit;  Los 
Angeles;  Minneapolis;  New  York;  Phil- 
adelphia:  St.  Louis;  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  E.  C.  Coolidge.  pres.  ft 
treas.;  W.  W.  Barry,  vice-pres.;  G.  C. 
Hess,  vice-pros.  &  pur.  agent*  Martin 
Keagy,  secy.;  H.  Z.  Benton,  chief  engr. 

CROWN  FASTENER  CORP. 

30  Cutler  Street 

Warren,  R.I. 

Personnel:  John  B.  Clark,  pres.;  R.  6. 

Plumley.     vice-pres.;     R.     M.     Powell. 

secy.;    F.    B.    Mutton,    trees.;    C.    H. 

Never,   pur.  agent. 

CRUVER  MFG.  CO. 

2456-60  Wast  Jackson  Boulevard 

Chicago  12.  III. 

Branch    Offices:    Detroit;    New    York; 

Washington.   D.C. 

Personnel:  C.   L.  Cruver    pres.;  C.   L. 

Cruver    Jr.,    vice-pres.    ft    gen.    mgr.; 

J.  C.  Stemes,  vice-pres.;  F.  J.  Hoope. 

secy. 


IT'S    AN    OLD 

KIRK  c 


USTOM 


meet  unusual  and  critical  specifica- 
tions in  custom  injection  molding  capably 
and  quickly.  Precision  is  the  by-word  of 
Kirk  engineers. 


aUue,  9te*U: 


Detonator  Cap  Container,  requiring 
perfect  closure,  correct  tension  lo 
prevent  accidental  opening,  absolute 
accuracy  in  dimension  gauges  and 
transparency. 


Ordnance  and  Ma- 
chine Handles — 
plastic  over  metal 
— nonslip,  frost- 
free  grip. 


Snake  Bite  Kit, 
light-weight,  screw 
top.  for  4/4*  high 
x  2I/|*  diem. 


Telescopic  eyelet,  replacing  metal  without  loss 
of  metal  characteristics. 


AND  RETAIL  GOODS 

— salable,   profitable,   attractive — produced 

in  volume  and  variety  by  Kirk. 

Toothbrush    Box,    pleat- 
ing line,  perfect  corners. 


Curved  Side  Comb,  light, 

Soap   Box,   fitted   cover,  pierced       strong,   lustrous  finish, 
for  ventilation. 


Pocket  Comb,  transparent  and  col- 
ored, flexible. 

Sportsmen's      Matchboi.      waterproof 
threaded   closure,  flint  scratch    plate 

molded   in. 


Kirk  engineering  can  improve  prod- 
ucts for  you  or  create  new  products. 
Let's  get  together. 

LOOK  FOR  THE  KIRK  BRAND  MARK  km 


F.  J.  KIRK 


MOLDING    COMPANY 


OMTOM 


141  BROOK  STRUT  I 

MASSACHUSfTTS 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


277 


CRUZE,  CHARLES  ASSOCIATES 

2008  West  Seventh  Street 

Los  Angeles  5,  Calif. 

Personntl:  Charles  Cruze,   die.  design. 

CRYSTAL    FIXTURE    COMPANY 

226  South  Wabash  Avenue 

Chicago  4,  III. 

Personnel:  Edwin  R.  Wolf,  pres.;  Oscar 

Lee,  vice-pres. 

CULTON,  w.  scon 

91/2  West  Street 

Attleboro,    Mass. 

CUMBERLAND  ENGR.  CO. 

P.O.  Box  216 

Providence,    R.I. 

Plant:  4  Cross  St.,  Central   Fall],   R.I. 

Personnel:  Fred   M.   Roddy,  owner. 

CUMMINS,  GILBERT  &  CO. 

2800    Frederick   Avenue 

Baltimore,   Md. 

Personnel:   G.   Cummins,   A.   Cummins 

&  H.   Blumenthal,  partners. 

CURRAN   &  BARRY  COMPANY 

320    Broadway 

New  York.  N.Y. 

CURTIS  PNEUMATIC  MACHY. 

Division  of  Curtis  Mfg.  Co. 
1914  Kienlen  Avenue 
St.  Louis  20,  Mo. 
(ranch  Offices:  616  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  30  Vesey  St..  New  York;  509 
Sixth   St.,   San   Francisco. 
Personnel:    W.    C.    Hecker,    prei.;    F. 
Ackerman,  vice-pres.  &  wks.  mgr.;  C. 
W.    Frees,   secy.   &   treas.;   J.   D.   Lod- 
wick,    sales    mgr.;    L.    C.    Blake,    adv. 
mgr.;  J.  A.  A.  Hecker,  pur.  agent;  E. 
H.   Steedman,   chairman   of   board,   in 
charge  product  design. 

CUTLER-HAMMER,    INC. 
315   North    12th   Street 
Milwaukee   I.  Wis. 
Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Plants:  New  York;  San  Francisco. 


Personnel:  F.  R.  Bacon,  pres.;  G.  S. 
Crane,  H.  F.  Vogt  &  J.  C.  Wilson. 
vice-pres.;  P.  S.  Jones,  sales  mgr.;  E. 
W.  Seeger,  mgr.  development'  P.  B. 
Harwood.  mgr.  engr.;  L  P.  Niessen, 
adv.  mgr.;  B.  M.  Horter,  pur.  agent. 

CYCLONICS  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 

3906  Hudson  Blvd. 

Union  City,  N.J. 

CZECHO   PEASANT  ART  CO. 

10  West    19th   Street 
New  York    II.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Joseph  Mrazek,  Milos  Mra- 
zek  &  Harold  Mrazek,  partners. 

DARLING  &  COMPANY 

4201    South   Ashland   Avenue 
Chicago  9,   III. 

Personnel:  Carlos  Ailing,  pres.;  R.  P. 
Benedict,  W.  C.  Butler  &  W.  H.  Mc- 
Causland,  vice-pres.;  George  W.  Buz- 
zard, secy.;  H.  H.  St.  Cyr,  chief  chem- 
ist; George  W.  Simons,  pur.  agent. 

DARR,  HAROLD  W.  ASSOC. 

2009    Foshay  Tower 
Minneapolis,    Minn. 
Personnel:  Harold  W.  Darr,  pres.  &  de- 
signer, Howard  F.  Woo,  tool  designer. 

DARTNELL,  T.  L 

350  Hudson  Street 
New  York   14,  N.Y. 

DAVIES.  CHARLES 

1 1  West  42nd  Street 
New  York  18,  N.Y. 

DAVIES,  HARRY  MOLDING  CO. 

1428  North  Wells  Street 
Chicago  10.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  3727  N.  Palmer  St..  Mil- 
waukee; 27  Park  Place,  New  York;  540 
King  St.  W.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Harry  Davies,  pres.  &  treas.; 
J.  F.  Davies,  vice-pres.;  M.  M.  Davies, 
secy.;  C.  J.  Terrill,  chief  engr. 

DAVIS,  JOSEPH  PLASTICS  CO. 

Arlington,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Joseph   Davis,   pres. 


DAWSON  COMPANY 

1843   Euclid  Avenue 
Cleveland.  Ohio 

Personnel:  Irvin  H.  Dawson,  pres.;  E.  E. 
Huerner,  gen.  mgr.;  Allen  Meinke, 
chief  engr.;  J.  F.  E.  Dooling,  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  R.  M.  House,  pur.  agent. 

DAY.  J.  H.  CO.,  THE 

1144   Harrison  Avenue 
Cincinnnati  22,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Los  Angeles; 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh. 
Personnel:   E.  S.   Mason,  vice-pres. 

DAYSTROM  CORPORATION 
Olean,  N.Y. 

Branch  Plant:  Daystrom,  N.C. 
Personnel:  L.  C.  Dahmen,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  M.  L.  Brown,  vice-pres.,  treas. 
&  sales  mgr.;  Karl  Kipp,  secy.;  J.  M. 
Fenlin.  dir.  plastics  div.;  A.  M.  Kraus- 
zer,  chief  chemist;  George  Dunn,  pur. 
agent*  W.  J.  Kranz,  prod.  mgr.  plas- 
tics div. 

DAYTON  MOLD  CO..  THE 

3200  Delphos  Avenue 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Personnel:    George    H.    Wells,    pres.; 

Max   H.  Orlow,  supt. 

DEBELL.  GEORGE  W. 

Gurley   Building 

Stamford,  Conn. 

Personnel:  George  W.   De  Bell,  owner 

&  consulting  engr.;  Cornelius  H.  Haas, 

lab.   engr. 

DE  BELL  &  RICHARDSON 

100  North  Street 

Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Personnel:  John  M.  De  Bell  S  Henry  M. 

Richardson,  partners. 

DECORA  PLASTICS  STUDIOS 

503  Monroe  Avenue 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Personnel:  B.   E.  Richardson,  owner;  E. 

B.   Higgins,  mgr. 


DEFIANCE   MACHINE  WORKS 

Division  Toledo  Scale  Co. 
Defiance,  Ohio 

Personnel:  D.  W.  Champlin,  vice-pres. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  C.  C.  Kinker,  chief  engr.; 
K.  W.  Hall,  plastics  engr. 

DE  FOREST,  LEE  LABS. 

5106  Wilshire  Blvd. 
Los  Angeles,   Calif. 

DE  LAVAL  STEAM  TURBINE  CO. 

Trenton  2,  N.J. 

Personnel:   H.   L.   Watson,   pres.;  Geo. 

C.    Stoddard,    secy.;    Ralph    Stoddard, 

treas.;  H.  V.  Petersen    sales  mgr.;  C.  R. 

Waller,  chief  engr.;  t.  E.  Salmon,  pur. 

agent. 

DEL  RICCIO  PLASTICS  CORP. 

6145  W.  Century  Blvd. 
Los  Angeles  45,  Calif. 

DENISON  ENGRNG.  CO.,  THE 

1160  Dublin  Road 
Columbus    16,   Ohio 
Personnel:   W.  C.   Denison,   Jr.,    Pres., 
treas.    &   gen.    mgr.;   G.   W.    Denison, 
vice-pres.;  H.  C.  Kent,  secy.;  James  L. 
Saeger,  sales  mgr.;  V.  V.  Blasutta,  chief 
engr.'   W.  Tilford    Burgess,  adv.   mgr.; 
Paul   W.    Norris.   research   mgr.;    F.  C. 
Morris,  production  dir. 

DENTISTS'  SUPPLY  CO.  OF  N.  Y. 

220  West  42nd  Street 

New  York   18,   N.Y. 

Personnel:    Dr.    J.    A.    Saffir,    head    of 

research. 

DERHAM,  PHILIP  A. 

Rosemont,  Penna. 

Personnel:    Philip    A.    Derham,    owner; 

Wm.    H.   Bowers,   chief  engr. 

DESIGN  CENTER.  INC. 

351   West  52nd  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Louis  H.   Pfohl,   pres.,  sales 

mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  P.  M.  Pfohl.  secy., 

treas.  &  pur.  agent. 


f!9W  .  I  fj  |  .^/'^jlS: 

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:;ftjS-;»'?  '• ' ;  '  -•  •-•"-'••':  •  SN'Ji'iCWVX'v^.ii'"-?':'  ,v.-»  .y.\->'.^^,-<>v.^'?^^.-iMt:  :'  •>-.•_.•  ^ 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


BOUGHT—  SOLD 
or  RECLAIMED  for  You.1 


A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
facilities  for  reworking  your  scrap. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE  —  CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 


A   Dependable   Source   of  Supply   for  re-worked   Cellulose  Acetate 
and  Cellulose  Bufyrafe  molding  powders 

GERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENLLWORTH,  N.  J. 
278  PLASTICS 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 
MARCH  1945 


DESIGN  SERVICE  CO. 
3  William  Street 

Newark,  N.J. 

lunch    Office:    120    Liberty   SI.,    New 

York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:     A.     A.    SIgnorelli,    owner; 

Ihos.   0.   Penti.  design  dir. 

DESIGNERS   FOR  INDUSTRY 
53  West  Jackson  Boulevard 
Chicago.  III. 

Personnel:  D.  J.  Armstrong,  pret.;  R. 
L.  Whyte.  design  dir. 

DESIGNERS  FOR   INDUSTRY 

2915   Detroit  Avenue 
Cleveland   13,  Ohio 
Personnel:    Chas.    H.    Standish,    pres.: 
Lee  B.  Green,  exec,  vice-pres.;  Onnie 

Mankki,  vice-pres.;  Lawrence  Blazey, 
secy. 

DESKEY,  DONALD  ASSOC. 
630  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  20,  N.Y. 

DESPATCH  OVEN  COMPANY 
619  Southeast  Eighth  Street 
Minneapolis  14,  Minn. 
Personnel:  A.   E.   Grapp,   vice-pres.   & 
treas.;  H.  L.  Grapp,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mqr.;   F.   H.   Feber,  vice-pres.,  sales  & 
adv.   mgr.;  G.   M.   Lund,   secy.  &   pur. 
agent;   5.  C.  Trowbridge,  chief  engr. 
oven  div.r  G.  L.  Schuster,  chief  engr. 
furnace  div. 

DETREX  CORPORATION 
13005  Hillview  Avenue 
Detroit  27,  Mich. 
Branch  Offices:  Birmingham,  Ala.;  Bos- 
ton:  Chicago;   Cincinnati;    Cleveland; 
Dallas;    Dayton;    Indianapolis;    Kansas 
City,     Mo.;     Los     Angeles;     Meriden, 
Conn.;    Milwaukee;    New   York;    Phila- 
delphia;   Pittsburgh;    Providence,    R.I.; 
Rochester,   N.Y.;   St.   Louis;   San   Fran- 
cisco;  Toledo. 

Personnel:  R.  A.  Emmett,  pres.;  A.  O. 
Thatacker.  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  W. 
W.  Davidson,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
sales;  C.  F.  Dinley,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
engr.  &  research;  E.  W.  Allison,  secy.; 
6.  E.  Powers,  trees.;  L.  Camel,  sales 
mgr.  alkali  div.;  W.  F.  Newbery,  sales 
mgr,  industrial  div.;  W.  t.  Tebo,  chief 
ennr.;  G.  W.  Walter,  adv.  mgr.;  T. 
Bonn,  dir.  public  relations;  W.  G. 
Smith,  pur.  agent. 

DETROIT  MACOID  CORP. 
12340  Cloverdale  Avenue 
Detroit  4.  Mich. 

Personnel:  Arthur  Gardner,  pres.: 
George  S.  Hendrie.  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Abbie  Edgett.  secy.:  J.  E.  Gould, 
trees.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.  &  our.  agent; 
S.  D.  Bradley,  chief  engr.;  O.  B.  Sher- 
man, plant  supt. 

DETROIT  MOLD  ENGRNG.  CO. 
6686  East  McNichols  Road 
Detroit  12,  Mich. 

Personnel:  I.  T.  Quarnstrom,  pres.;  H. 
Knight,  secy.;  W.  R.  Brown,  treas. 

DETROIT  STAMPING  COMPANY 
350  Midland  Ave.,  Detroit  3.  Mich. 
Personnel:  Glendon  H.  Roberts,  pres.  1 
sales  mgr.;  John  Beck,  vice-pres.;  Ralph 
E.  Kreger,  chief  engr. 

DETROIT  SURFACING  MA- 
CHINE CO. 
7433  W.  Davison 
Detroit  4,  Mich. 

Personnel:  F.  D.  Nonemeker,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  C.  T.  Ronen  secy.  &  sales 
mgr.;  K  D.  Pease,  chief  engr. 

DETROIT  TAP  &  TOOL  CO. 

8432  Butler  Avenue 

Detroit  II,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices  ft   Representatives:  All 

principal  cities. 

Personnel:  S.  B.  Hellstrom,  pres.;  F.  R. 

Berquist,  trees.;  A.   E.   Hogarth,  chief 

engr. 

DETROIT  UNIVERSAL  DUPLICA- 
TOR COMPANY 
723   East   Milwaukee  Avenue 
Detroit  2.  Mich. 

Personnel:  Oscar  Rosen,  pres.;  Nils  Ro- 
sen,   vice-pres.;    Bone    Rosen,   secy.    & 
Jen.    mgr.;    Paul    G.    Adams,    trees.: 
srome  Addy,  sales  mgr.:  W.  Harold 
Peet,  chief  engr.;  Paul  G.  Lutzeier.  dir. 
public  relations:  Wilbur  C.  Kingsbury. 
pur.  agent. 


DETROIT  WAX  PAPER  CO..  THE 
1721  West  Pleasant  Avenue 
River  Rouge  18.  Mich. 

Personnel:  L.  O.  Turner,  pres.;  L.  A 
Fisher,  vice-pres.;  Donald  Holm.  secy. 
W.  A.  Fisher,  trees.-  T.  W.  Noble,  mgr 
plastics  div.;  F.  N.  Beeudry,  pur.  egent 

DEVENCO.  INCORPORATED 
DEVELOPMENT  ENGR.  CO.,  INC. 
150  Broadway 
New  York  7,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Joseph  Townsend  Funk,  de- 
signer &  color  consultant. 

DE  VILBISS  COMPANY,  THE 
300  Philips  Avenua 
Toledo  I,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  1280  W.  Washington  St.. 
Chicago:  284S  E.  Grand  Blvd.,  Detroit; 
1420  S.  Los  Angeles  St.,  Los  Angeles: 
III  8th  St.,  New  York;  401  N.  Broad 
St.,  Philadelphia;  831  Howard  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Personnel:  Allen  D.  Gutchess,  ch.  of 
bd.;  H.  P.  DeVilbiss,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  R.  A.  Guyer.  vice-pres.  in  chrg. 
sales;  W.  W.  Conklin,  secy.  &  treas.: 
B.  C.  Gardner,  adv.  mgr.:  R.  W 
Witchner,  pur.  agent;  H.  M.  Kidd,  asst. 
sales  mgr.;  E.  F.  Frey,  sales  promotion 
mgr. 

DEVINE,  J.  P.  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
Division  H.  K.  Porter  Co.,  Inc. 
Mount  Vernon,  III. 

Personnel:  T.  M.  Evans,  pres.;  Wm.  W. 
Calihen,  vice-pres.;  Rowan  Gilreath. 
gen.  mgr. 

DEWEY  &  ALMY  CHEM.  CO. 
62  Wittemore  Avenue 
Cambridge  40,  Mass. 
Plants:    Chicago;    Montreal;   Oakland, 
Calif. 

Personnel:  Bradley  Dewey,  pres.; 
Charles  Almy.  vice-pres.;  L.  Gilbert, 
secy.;  Hugh  S.  Ferguson,  treas.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  T.  T.  Miller,  sales  mgr.;  C.  H. 
Egan,  dir.  research;  Robert  Gray,  adv. 
mgr.;  Austin  Secor,  pur.  agent;  M.  T.. 
Rogers,  mgr.  pkg.  d!v. 

DIADEM,  INC. 

158  Pleasant  Street 

Leominster,  Mass. 

Personnel:    Lester   T.    Sawyer,    pres.    & 

treas.;  A.  C.  Sawyer,  vice-pres.;  Harold 

D.  Baldridge,  sales  mgr. 

DIAMOND,  FREDA 

40  East  49th  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

DIAMOND  ALKALI  COMPANY 

535  Smithfield  Street 

Pittsburgh  22,  Penna. 

DIANA  CLOCK  WORKS 
605  West  Washington  Blvd. 
Chicago.  III. 
Personnel:  T.  Wroble,  gen.  mgr. 

DICALITE  COMPANY,  THE 
756  South  Broadwa 


;k 


Los  Angeles  14,  Cali 
Branch  Offices:  Rhodes-Haverty  Bldg.. 
Atlanta;  Park  Sg.  Bldg.,  Boston;  Efli- 
cott  Sg.  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  520  N. 
Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago;  Fountain  Sq. 
Bldg.,  Cincinnati;  629  Euclid  Ave., 
Cleveland;  Commerce  Bldg..  Kansas 
City,  Mo.;  Canal  Bldg.,  New  Orleans; 
120  Wall  St.,  New  York;  1411  Walnut 
St.,  Philadelphia;  Bessemer  Bldg.,  Pitts- 
burgh; 1221  Locust  St.,  St.  Louis;  2430 
Balboa  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Personnel:  C.  A.  Frankenhoff.  pres.; 
E.  T.  Frankenhoff.  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  A.  G.  Frankenhoff,  sales  mgr.; 
C.  K.  Shaw,  pur.  agent. 

DICKTEN  &  MASCH  MFG.  CO. 
4307  North  Port  Washington  Rd. 
Milwaukee.  Wis. 

Branch  Office:  4385  N.  Green  Bey  Ave., 
Milwaukee. 

Personnel:  Alfred  Masch  I  Erich  Dick- 
ten,  partners. 

Dl  CYAN  &  BROWN 

12  East  41st  Street 

New  York  17,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Dr.  Erwin  Di  Cyan,  director. 


TO    FINISHED    PRODUCT 

....  WE  TAKE  ALL  OF  THE 
RESPONSIBILITY  for  meeting  your 
molding  requirements.  When  you  call 
in  a  Minneapolis  Plastic  Molders  repre- 
sentative for  consultation  about  your 
plans,  you  deal  with  an  expert  prepared 
to  follow  through  to  the  finish.  Respon- 
sibility for  handling  all  phases  of  the 
work  is  centered  at  one  single  source. 

Our  facilities  bring  you  the  benefit  of 
the  knowledge  of  specialists,  each  expe- 
rienced in  his  own  line,  for  industrial  de- 
sign, mold  and  die-making,  compression 
and  transfer  molding.  Our  reputation  for 
dependability  has  been  tested  and  proved 
— first  by  industry;  in  recent  years  by  the 
rigid  specifications  of  the  armed  forces. 

Write  us  for  recommendations  about 
how  your  molding  problems  can  best  be 
met — for  suggestions  about  new  uses  for 
plastics  in  your  business.  No  obligation. 


MINNEAPOLIS  PLASTIC 
MOLDERS,  INC. 

2302  East   31st   Street  -  Minneapolis   6.  Minn 


MARCH  194') 


I'LASTiCS 


279 


•  -J^-  A  wide  range,  indeed,  but  we  meet  all  the  require- 
ments. Rigid  tests  of  endurance  at  the  front,  ac- 
curacy to  insure  interchanging  of  parts,  careful,  in- 
lelligenl  analysis  of  all  molding  problems. 


With  over  25  years  experience  in 
plastics,  expert  assistance  is  available  from  our  engi- 
neers in  designing  or  helping  to  design  the  actual 
parts  to  be  molded.  We  design  the  molds,  and  make 
them  in  our  very  modern  precision  equipped  tool 
plant,  mold  and  finish  the  pieces  to  guaranteed  satis- 
faction. 

Call  on  Trans-Malic  ihe  very  next  time  you  require 
quotations,  or  information.  It  will  be  promptly  fur- 
nished without  obligation. 

TRANS-MATIC 

PLASTICS    COMPANY 

55O1    Montrose   Avenue,   Chicago   41,    III. 
Telephone  PENsacola  294O 


Custom  Molders  —  Compression  or  transfer.     Plastic   Engineering. 

Molders  of  Bakelite,  Plaskon,  Durei.  Durite, 
Beetle,  Meimec,  Resinox. 


D I  EC  RAFT 

1500  Guilford  Avenue 
Baltimore  2.  Md. 

Personnel:  H.  A.  Dundore,  owner;  M.  S. 
Matson,  gen.  &  sales  mgr. 

DIEMOLDING  CORPORATION 

Canastota,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Donald  H.  Dew,  pres.  &  pur. 
agent;  Norman  L  Stafford,  secy.  & 
treas.;  Wallace  B.  Boss,  sales  mgr.  & 
chief  mgr.;  Le  Roy  E.  Brooks,  die.  pub- 
lic relations. 

DIE-PLAST   COMPANY    LIMITED 

6540  Hutchison  Street 
Outremont   15,  Quebec,  Can 
Personnel:    D.    Myerson,    pres.;   L.   Hy- 
land,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  P.  Myer- 
son,  secy.    &    treas.;    H.    Finkel,   chief 
engr.;  K.  Fortune,  dir.  plastics  research 
&  chief  chemist. 

DILLON.  W.  C.  &  Co..  INC. 
5410  West  Harrison  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  W.  C.  Dillon  Sr.,  pres.;  E.  I. 
Dillon,  vice-pres.;  Robert  E.  Dillon, 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Kaiph  K.  Dillon, 
chief  engr. 

DILLON-BECK  MFG.  CO. 

485  21st  Street 

Irvington  II,  N.J. 

Personnel:  J.  Parke  Logan,  pres.;  R.  A. 

Bower   &    D.    E.   Selby   Jr.;   vice-pres.; 

E.  0.  Rowan,  secy.  &  treas.;  Elsie  Marx, 

pur.  agent. 

DIMCO  PLASTICS 

207  tast  Sixth  Street 

Uayton  2,  Ohio 

Personnel:  C.   E.  Gunklach,  owner;  W. 

E.  Eckert,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  H.  Duel),  pur. 

agent. 

DISPLAY  HOUSE.  THE 
I423-2S  Vine  Street 
Philadelphia  2,  Penna. 
Personnel:    Archie    Lewy,    pres.    &    de- 
signer;  Lewis    Barry,   designer. 

DISSTON.  HENRY  &  SONS.  INC. 

Unruh    and    Milnor  Streets 
Tacony 

Philadelphia  35.  Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Chicago;  De- 
troit; Memphis;  New  Orleans;  Port- 
land, Ore.;  San  Francisco;  Seattle;  Tor- 
onto; Vancouver,  B.C. 
Personnel:  S.  Horace  Disston,  pres.; 
Wm.  S.  Armstrong,  vice-pres.  &  secy.; 
Jecob  S.  Disston  Jr.,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  sales;  K.  T.  Nalle,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  prod.;  W.  D.  Disston,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  pur.  &  public  relations;  E. 
H.  Biemuller,  treas.;  Walter  H.  Geb- 
hart.  gen.  domestic  sales  mgr.;  Nor- 
man C.  Bye,  chief  engr.;  J.  W.  Jay, 
adv.  mgr.;  C.  D.  Gerhart,  pur.  agent; 
Chas.  P.  Smith,  comptroller. 

DIVINE  BROTHERS  CO. 

209  Seward  Avenue 
Utica  I.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  B.  D.  Divine,  pres.  I  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  R.  Benbow,  R.  L.  Klaas  &  C. 
M.  Mead,  vice-pres.;  R.  I.  Roberts, 
secy.  &  treas.;  J.  D.  Blair,  chief  engr.; 
E.  J.  Lush,  adv.  mgr.;  P.  B.  Huested, 
pur.  agent. 

DoALL  COMPANY,  THE 

254  North  Laurel  Avenue 

Des  Plaines,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Gooch,  partner,  gen. 

&   sales    mgr.;    L.   A.    Wilkie,    partner; 

W.    T.    Anderson,    chief    engr.;    B.    M. 

Capion,    adv.    mgr.;    R.    W.    Petersen, 

pur.  agent. 

DOCKENDORFF,  V.  A. 

4749  West  Polk  Street 
Chicago  44,  III. 

Personnel:  V.  A.  Dockendorff.  designer; 
C.  Dockendorff,  textiles  &  fabrics  de- 
signer. 

DOCKSON  CORP. 

3839  Wabash  Avenue 

Detroit  8,  Mich. 

Personnel:    C.   J.    Koller.    pres.;    A     C. 

Tiedman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  Allen 

Aikens,  sales  mgr.;  H.  E.  Piggott,  pur. 

agent. 

DOE  &  INGALLS,  INC. 

56  Garden  Street 
Everett  Station 
Boston,  Mass. 


DOERFLER.  L.  MFG.  CO..  INC. 

24  Scott  Street 
Newark  24,  NJ. 
Personnel:  L.  Doerfler,  owner. 

DOHNER  &  LIPPINCOTT 

500  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  230  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  J.  Gordon  Llppincott,  pres., 
New  York;  J.  Fairchild  Fleming,  mid- 
west mgr.,  Chicago. 

DOMINION  BUTTON  MFRS. 

57  Water  Street,  North 
Kitchener,  Ontario,  Can. 
Sales  Offices:  640  St.  Catherine  St.  W., 
Montreal;   Foy  Bldg..  Toronto. 
Personnel:   M.   C.   Gross,   vice-pres.    & 
gen.   mgr.;  A.  C.  Gross,  secy.,  treas. 
&  sales  mgr. 

DOMINION    PLASTICS   LIMITED 

360  St.  James  Street,  West 
Montreal.  Quebec.  Can. 
Branch  Office:  43  St.  Lambert  St..  St. 
Therese  de  Blainville,  Quebec. 
Personnel:    L    V.    Randall,    mgr.    dir.; 
G.  E.  Hinds,  secy.  &  treas.;  S.  K.  Johns, 
mgr.;  W.  Lynch,  plant  mgr. 

DOMINION  PLYWOODS  LTD. 

Brantford,  Ontario,  Can. 
Branch    Offices:    Gait;    Owen    Sound; 
Southampton. 

Personnel:  Cyril  D.  Henderson,  pres.. 
Brantford;  George  Hancock,  vice-pres., 
Gait;  Fred  J.  Stutton,  gen.  mgr.,  South- 
ampton; George  D.  Fleming,  dir., 
Owen  Sound. 

DONALDSON,  ALICE 

l45'/2   East  40th  Street 
New  York  16,  N.Y. 

DOP.MAN  PRODUCTS.  INC. 

1004  Sycamore  Street 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  1349  S.  Hope  St  Los 
Angeles;  549  W.  52nd  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  J.  R.  Dorman,  pres.  &  pur. 
agent;  O.  H.  Coffman,  pen.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Elmer  C.  Hake,  chief  engr. 

DORR  PATTERSON   ENGR.  CO. 

3362  Wight  Street 

Detroit  7,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Geo.   N.   Dorr,  pres.;  C.  L. 

Patterson,  vice-pres.;  W.  J.  Patterson, 

secy.  &  treas. 

DOT-LEE  TOOL  &  ENGR.  CO. 

4335  West  Armitage  Avenue 
Chicago  39,  III. 

Personnel:  Harry  J.  Penan,  Dorothy 
Perzan  &  Leona  Perzan,  partners. 

DOUGLAS  MACHY.  CO.,  INC. 

150  Broadway 
New  York,    N.Y. 

DOW  CHEMICAL  CO..  THE 

Midland,   Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Chicago;  Cleve- 
land; Detroit;  Houston;  Los  Angeles; 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  St.  Louis;  San 
Francisco;  Seattle. 

Personnel:  Dr.  Willard  H.  Dow.  pres. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  L.  I.  Doan,  vice-pres., 
secy.  &  sales  mgr.;  E.  W.  Bennett,  vice- 
pres.  &  treas.;  E.  O.  Barstow,  M.  E. 
Putnam  &  C.  J.  Strosacker,  vice-pres.; 
L.  J.  Richards,  chief  engr.;  D.  L.  Gibb, 
dir.  research;  J.  M.  Hooker,  adv.  mgr.; 
Samuel  Crowther  III,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; M.  E.  Le  Fevre.  pur.  agent. 

DOW-CORNING  CORP. 

Midland,    Mich. 

Personnel:  Dr.  Eugene  C.  Sullivan, 
pres.;  W.  R.  Ceilings,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  E.  C.  Britton  &  Dr.  J.  F.  Hyde. 
dir.  research. 

DRACKETT  CO.,  THE 

5020  Spring  Grove  Avenue 
Cincinnati   32,   Ohio 
Personnel:  H.  R.  Drackett,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;    A.    H.    Boylan,    vice-pres.,    adv. 
mgr.    &    dir.    public    relations;    Roger 
Drackett,  vice-ores.;  K.  H.  Jones,  secy.; 
A.   C.   Shattuck   Jr.,   sales   mgr.;    Frank 
Ronninger,     chief     engr.;     Robert     A. 
Boyer,    dir.    research;    Don    C.    Spice, 
chief  chemist;  E.  L.  Heekin,  pur.  agent. 


280 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


DU  BOIS  PLASTIC  PROD..  INC. 

38  Franklin  Street 

Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  N.  J.  Taylor  &  W.  F.  Stern*, 

viee-pret.:    Cherlet    Halzworth     secy.; 

Joseph  Silberl.  lr««t.;  Roy  Bright   gen. 

mgr.  a  chief  engr.;  Arnold  Mahlmeis- 

ter    pur.  agent. 

DUMORE  COMPANY,  THE 

Hth  and  Racina  Streets 
Racing,  Wis. 

Branch  Offices:  The  Dumore  Company 
of  New  York.  Inc..  13  E.  «0th  St..  New 
York. 

Personnel:  1.  H.  Hamilton,  prel.;  R.  L. 
Hamilton,  exec,  vice-pres.;  J.  M.  Ham* 
ilton.  secy.;  H.  F.  Nehoda.  trees.;  G.  A. 
Zimmerman,  gen.  mgr.;  W.  H.  Fromm, 
tales  mgr.  motor  div.;  Earl  Owen,  Mies 
mgr.  tool  div.;  R.  E.  McDonald,  adv. 
mgr.;  G.  K.  Tollakien.  pur.  agent;  G. 
E.  Shoup,  controller. 

DUNLOP  TIRE  AND  RUBBER 

GOODS  CO.  LIMITED 
870  Queen  Street,  East 
Toronto  8.  Ontario.  Can. 
Personnel:  J.  I.  Simpson,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  S.  Pritchard,  sales  mgr.;  Dr. 
N.  S.  Grace,  chief  chemist;  E.  G.  Skir- 
row,    adv.    mgr.;    J.    S.    Rankin,    pur. 
agent. 

DUNNE,  LIAM 

299  Madison  Avenue 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Liam  Dunne,  designer;  Rena 

Kane,    researcher;    Lili    Krag,    tracer; 

Amy   Wells,    letterer;    N.   Andoniadis. 

cartographer. 

DUNNING  AND  BOSCHERT 

PRESS  CO. 

329  West  Water  Street 
Syracuse  4.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Geo.  E.  Boschert,  pres.,  sales 
a  adv.  mgr.;  Gerald  W.  Walsh,  vice- 
pres..  gen.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Donald 
V.  Boschert,  vice-pres.;  O.  E.  Barnes, 
secy.  &  treas.;  Frank  Broughton,  chief 
engr. 

DU  PAGE  PLASTICS  CO. 
10  South  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago  3.  III. 

Plant:  400  Crescent  Blvd.,  Lombard,  III. 
Personnel:  Emil  Ibach  i  A.  Kip  Liv- 
ingston, partners. 

DUPLATE  CANADA  LIMITED 

First  Avenue 

Oshawa,  Ontario,  Can. 

Branch    Offices:    1253    McGill    College 

Ave..  Montreal;  85  Sparks  St.,  Ottawa: 

20A  Bloor  St.  W.,  Toronto;  56  Heintz- 

man  Ave.,  Toronto. 

Personnel:  Col.  W.  E.  Phillips,  pres.  & 

gen.  mgr.;  J.   E.   Harrison,  vice-pres.; 

L.  W.  Currell.   secy.;  G.  G.  Wanless, 

trees.;  J.  W.  Morris,  sales  mgr.;  K.  H. 

Braithwaite,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics 

research;   Dr.    R.   E.    Richardson,   chief 

chemist;  L.  C.  Powell,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 

public   relations;   D.   M.   Lindsay,   pur. 

agent. 

du  PONT,  E.  I.  de  NEMOURS 

Ammonia  Department 
Wilmington  98,  Dela. 

du  PONT,  E.  I.  de  NEMOURS 
Electrochemicals    Department 
Wilmington  98.  Dala. 

du  PONT.  E.  I.  de  NEMOURS 

Grasselli    Chemicals    Department 
Wilmington  98,  Dela. 
du  PONT,  E.  I.  de  NEMOURS 
Organic  Chemicals  Department 
Wilmington,  Dal. 

du  PONT,  E.  I.  de  NEMOURS 
Plastics  Division 
626  Schuyler  Avenue 
Arlington.   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  36  S.  State  St..  Chi- 
cago: General  Motors  Bldg.,  Detroit; 
511  Lancaster  St.,  Leominster;  5801  S. 
Broadway,  Los  Angeles;  350  Fifth  Ave., 
New  York. 

Personnel:  A.  E.  Pitcher,  gen.  mgr.; 
W.  A.  Joslyn.  dir.  sales;  H.  L  Hayden. 
chief  engr.:  E.  J.  Pechin,  adv.  mgr.; 
H.  Brayman.  dir.  public  relations, 
Wilmington,  Del.;  H.  F.  Barnett.  pur. 
agent. 

M  \ 


DURA  PLASTICS.  INC. 
I    West  34th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 
Plant:  36  W.  15th  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:  Joseph  Layman   pres.  &  adv. 
mgr.;  M.  J.  Daub,  secy.  &  sales  mgr.; 
K.   S.   Jensen,   chief   engr.;   Arthur   C. 
Caughey,  pur.  agent. 

DURALYT.  INC. 

Rockledge 
Philadelphia    II,   Penna. 

Personnel:  C.  S.  Archer,  pres.  4  treas.; 
W.  A.  Long,  secy.;  J.  Grintz,  gen.  mgr. 

DURAMOLD  DIVISION 
Fairchild  Engine  &  Airplane  Corp. 
Girts  Road 
Jamestown,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.  Carlton  Ward  Jr..  pres.: 
Alvin  P.  Adams,  vice-pres.;  William 
H.  Schwebel.  secy.;  Webb  Wilson, 
treas.;  T.  Kelly  Pierce,  gen.  mgr.;  Wil- 
liam D.  Cross,  sales  mgr.;  Arthur  W. 
Loerke,  chief  engr.;  J.  Stanley  Bowen. 
dir.  plastics  research;  Robert  Rigby, 
chief  chemist:  Joseph  E.  Lowes  Jr., 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  Wil- 
liam E.  Lawrence,  pur.  agent. 

DURAMOLD  PLASTICS 
6437  South  State  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  L.  C.  Miller  &  A.  E.  Neely. 
partners. 

DURANT  MFG.  CO. 

1957-a   North  Buffum  Street 
Milwaukee   I,  Wis. 

Branch  Office:  181-c  Eddy  St..  Prov- 
idence, R.I. 

Personnel:  Wm.  K.  Winkler,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  M.  M.  Hennessy.  vice-pres. 
I  chief  engr.;  Wm.  K.  Winkler,  secy  & 
treas;  N.  E.  Kneppreth,  pur.  agent. 

DUREZ     PLASTICS     ft     CHEM- 
ICALS. INC. 

North  Tonawanda,   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  221  N.  La  Salle  St.. 
Chicago;  Stephenson  Bldg.,  Detroit; 
250  Park  Ave.,  New  York;  C.  D.  La 
Moree,  Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  Harry  M.  Dent,  pres.:  John 
F.  Snyder,  vice-pres.,  secy.  &  treas.: 
Robert  E.  Dodd,  sales  mgr.  industrial 
resins;  Alfred  W.  Hammer  Jr.,  sales 
mgr.  molding  compounds;  C.  T. 
O  Connor,  sales  mgr.  oil  soluble  re- 
sins; G.  Loomis.  chief  engr.;  R.  M. 
Crawford,  dir.  plastics  research;  Dr. 
Alvin  M.  Sheppard,  chief  chemist:  H. 
S.  Spencer,  adv.  mgr.;  Chester  M.  Bell. 
pur.  agent. 

DURITE  PLASTICS,  INC. 

5000  Summerdale  Avenue 
Frankford  Station  P.O. 
Philadelphia  24,  Penna. 

Representatives:  67  Lexington  Ava., 
Buffalo;  4851  S.  St.  Louis  Ave.,  Chicago1 
4226  Cedar  Springs,  Dal'as;  3838  Santa 
Fe  Ava.,  Los  Angeles;  245  W.  Franklin 
St..  Morrisville,  Pa.;  2711  Olive  St.. 
St.  Louis:  1274  Folsom  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco; 352  Plymouth  Rd.,  Union,  N.J. 

Personnel:  J.  Stogdell  Stokes,  pres.;  E. 

E.  Novotny.  vice-pres.,  gen.  &  operat- 
ing mgr..  dir.  plastics  research  &  pur. 
agent;   Charles   Evans,   secy.   &   treas. ; 

F.  W.  Gary,   sales   mgr.;   V.   G.   Car- 
pinelli,  dir.  public  relations. 

DURO   METAL  PRODUCTS  CO. 
2649  North   Kildare  Avenue 
Chicago  39.  III. 

Branch  Offices  and  Representatives:  261 
Franklin  St.,  Boston;  609  Royal  Ct  , 
Charlotte  N.C.-  550  W.  Washington 
St..  Chicago;  12060  Lake  Ave.,  Clev*. 
land;  Texas  Bank  Bldg.,  Dallas;  1805  S. 
Figuroa,  Los  Angeles:  258  Broadway. 
New  York:  108  Front  St.  E..  Toronto; 
126  Lomard  St.,  Winnipeg. 

Personnel:  W.  H.  Odium  pret.;  M.  V. 
Tueter,  vice-pres. ;  M.  V.  Petersen,  lecy. 
it  treas.;  Roy  Hedgepeth,  sales  mgr.; 
F.  Green,  pur.  agent. 

EAGLE  GRINDING  WHEEL  CO. 
2519  West   Fulton  Street 
Chicago  12.  III. 


Hydraulic 

HOT  PLATE 
PRESS 


A  Stanford  Genera/  Purpose  Prejs  Tnof.  Typical  ol  (He 
Many  Types  ol  Standard  and  Specnf  Presses  wWcfc  Frond, 
Offers  for  a  Wtdt  Varimiy  ol  CompressKMi  Moulding  Work 

If  you're  seeking  an  economical,  efficient  compression 
moulding  press,  it  will  pay  you  to  get  complete  details 
on  this  line  of  general  purpose  Francis  Hydraulic 
Presses,  available  in  sizes  12'xl2",  78'xl8';  24'x24' 
and  30"x30'  with  or  without  any  number  of  electric  or 
steam  hot  plates,  various  types  of  pumping  units  and  in 
a  range  of  speeds,  pressures  and  cylinder  diameters. 

The  particular  press  illustrated  It  of  153-ton  capacity 
and  30"x30'x2'  in  size  with  eleven  steam  hot  platet 
and  with  motor  driven  pumping  unit  and  automatic 
pressure  and  temperature  controls. 

Among  the  many  features  of  this  press  that  usert  like 
particularly  well  arei  the  extremely  husky  plate  sup- 
ports; the  "V's"  for  ease  of  loading;  and  the  fact  that 
strain  rod  nuts  hove  a  special  locking  device  to  prevent 
unscrewing.  These  and  other  advantages  afforded  In 
Francis  deiign  are  the  result  of  45  yean  experience 
in  building  machinery. 

Write  us  today  of  your  needs.  We'll  gladly  send  you  our 
recommendations  or  hove  our  representative  coll.  No 
obligation. 


I*  I      t    XII   t 


ITS 


Most  completely  equipped 
plastics  plant  in  the  East 


Twenty-five  years  of  experience  in  this  field  com- 
bined with  advanced  skills  and  modern  equipment 
which  can  produce  practically  any  type  of  plastic 
article,  marks  Emeloid  as  your  logical  source  of 
supply. 

INJECTION  MOLDING  PUNCHING  BUFFING 

PRINTING  TUMBLING  EMBOSSING 

LITHOGRAPHING  MACHINING  SHAPING 

HYDRAULIC  PRESS  POLISHING  FORMING  SAWING 

GILT  STAMPING  SHEARING  STAMPING 

CUTTING  PIFRCING  DRILLING 

See  Emeloid  advertisement  page  321 

When  you  havt  a  plastics  problem, 
consult  our  Engineering  Dept. 


HOUSEHOLD  ITEMS  FOR  RESALE 


ADVERTISING  and   PREMIUM  NOVELTIES 

A  complete  line  of  unusual  sales  promotion,  ad- 
vertising and  premium  items  in  celluloid,  vinylite 
acetate  and  other  plastics. 

THI  EMELOID  CO.,  INC.  289.291-293  Uurel»ve..Arlin»ton.  N.J. 


EAGLE  PLASTICS  CORP. 

23-10  Bridge  Plaza,  South 
Long   Island  City   I,  N.Y. 
Personnel:    Louis    Ludwig,    pres.;    S.    B. 
Kluger,    vice-pres.    &    gen.    mgr.;    H. 
Gisn,   secy.;   P.   G.   Ludwig,   treas.;   S. 
Jay  Atkin,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  W.   H. 
McGann,  chief  engr.;  H.  Fenichel,  pur. 
agent. 

EAGLE  SIGNAL  CORP. 

Moline.  III. 

Personnel:    M.    Porosky,    pres.    &    gen. 

mgr.;  W.  M.  Driggs,  treas.:  E.  F.  Ha- 

vey,  sales  mgr.;  E.   R.  Freeberg,  chief 

engr. 

EASTERN  MACHY.  SCREW  CO. 

Truman  &  Barclay  Streets 
New    Haven    II,   Conn. 

Personnel:  Benjamin  P.  Greene,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Carl  W.  Bettcher.  vice-pres. 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Laurence  K.  Burwell, 
secy.;  Thomas  W.  Ryley,  treas.  &  pur. 
agent;  Edwin  O.  Williamson,  chief 
engr. 

EASTERN  PATTERN  WORKS 

3456  East  Jefferson  Avenue 

Detroit  7,  Mich. 

Personnel:  R.  F.  McCormick,  owner. 

EASTERN    PLASTIC   PRODUCTS 

1007   McCartney  Street 
West  End 

Pittsburgh  20.  Penna. 
Personnel:   Joseph    E.   Vogel   Jr      pres. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  Wallace  Rutherford,  vice- 
pres.;  Edward  V.  Small,  secy.  &  treas. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  COMPANY 
Rochester,   N.Y. 

ECCO   HIGH    FREQUENCY 
ELECTRIC  CORP. 

7020  Hudson  Blvd. 
North  Bergen,  N.J. 

ECLIPSE  AIR  BRUSH  CO.,  INC. 
390  Park  Avenue 
Newark  7,  N.J. 

Personnel:  H.  W.  Beach,  pres.;  A.  H. 
Downs,  secy. 

ECLIPSE  FUEL  ENGR.  CO. 
701-711  South  Main  Street 
Rockford,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   Stanton    E.    Hyer,    pres.;    L. 
B.    McKee,   vice-pres.   &   treas.;    K.   A. 
Scharbau,  vice-pres.  gen.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Leo  J.  Strohmeyer,  secy.  &  pur.  agent. 

ECLIPSE  MOULDED  PROD.  CO. 

5150  North  32nd  Street 
Milwaukee  9.  Wis. 
Branch  Offices:  Arco  Sales  Associates, 
Paterson;    H.    L.     Breitenstein,    Detroit- 
A.  J.   Co«  Co..   Chicago;   Maydwell   8 
Hartzell,  Los  Angeles;  San  Francisco  & 
Seattle:  E.  C.  fender  Co.,  Cleveland; 
Purcell  Bros.,  Cincinnati;  Spelman  Co., 
Kansas   City,    Mo.;  Thornhill,    Paterson 
Co.,  Ltd.,  Montreal. 
Personnel:  E.  G.  Engman,  pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  R.  P.  Engman,  vice-pres.  &  chief 
engr.;   C.    F.    Preston,    secy.    &   treas.; 
Geo.   Remiker,  gen.  mgr.;   D.  McCon- 
nell,  pur.  agent. 

ECONOMY  FUSE  4  MFG.  CO. 

2717  North  Greenwich  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:    E.   C.   Eustics,   pres.;   J.   S. 
Messer,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr. 

EDGEMOOR  IRON  WORKS,  INC. 
Edgemoor,  Del. 

Personnel:  B.  D.  Beamish,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  Locke,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  W. 
G.  Pratt,  chief  &  sales  engr.;  L.  B. 
Jones,  dir.  public  relations:  M.  T.  Rod- 
ney, pur.  agent;  F.  L.  Craddock,  proc- 
ess equip,  sales 

EDWAL  LABS..  INC.,  THE 

732  South  Federal  Street 
Chicago.  III. 

Personnel:  E.  W.  Lowe,  pres.;  W.  B. 
Hendrey,  vice-pres.  &  chief  chemist; 
John  Krueger,  dir.  research;  R.  A.  Lam- 
bert, adv.  mgr.;  Herman  Kerst,  pur. 
agent. 


EHLERT.  HAROLD  H. 

Franklin,   Mich. 

EKSTROM.  CARLSON  &  CO. 

1439  Railroad  Avenue 
Rockford,  III. 

Personnel:  S.  P.  Ekstrom,  pres.,  sales 
mgr.  &  adv.  mgr.;  George  H.  Carlson, 
vice-pres.  &  chief  engr.;  H.  E.  Nelson, 
secy.  &  treas.;  R.  L.  Olson,  gen.  mgr.; 
W.  P.  Anderson,  pur.  agent. 

ELECTRIC  AUTO-LITE  CO.,  THE 

Bay    Manufacturing   Division 
Bay  City,  Mich. 

Branch  Office:  New  Center  Bldg.,  De- 
troit. 

Personnel:  C.  M.  Adams,  gen.  mgr.; 
J.  P.  Kelso,  sales  mgr.;  H.  L.  Decker, 
chief  engr.;  H.  E.  Spaulding.  plastics 
engr.;  B.  D.  Kimerer,  pur.  agent;  B. 
Lienert,  supt, 

ELECTRO   PLASTIC   PROCESSES 

2035  West  Charleston  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Wm.  Stahl,  gen.  mgr.;  Erich 
Freund,  dir.  research;  E.  H.  McCoy, 
electro  chemist. 

ELECTROFORMING    COMPANY 

112  West  Capitol 

Hartland,  Wis. 

Personnel:  Edward  Walter,   pres.;   lola 

Walter,  secy.  &  treas. 

ELECTROLINE  MFG.  CO. 

1975  E.  61st  St.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

ELECTRON   EQUIPMENT  CORP. 

917  Meridian  Ave. 
S.  Pasadena,  Calif. 

ELECTRONIC  MECHS.,  INC. 

70  Clifton  Boulevard 

Clifton,  N.J. 

Branch   Office:   Mykroy,    Inc.,    1917   N. 

Springfield  Ave.,  Chicago. 

Personnel:  D.  E.  Replogle,  pres.;  G.  L. 

DuVall,   secy.;   W.   T.    Kershner,   treas.- 

F.    B.    DuVall,    sales   &   adv.    mgr.;    R. 

Goldsmith,   dir.   plastics   research;   W. 

Talpisky    chief  chemist;   L.   Heerschap, 

dir.    public    relations;    B.    Boris,    pur. 

agent. 

ELECTRONICS  PLASTICS  CO. 

395  Mulberry  Street 
Newark  2,  N.J. 

Personnel:  William  A.  Blohm,  owner, 
gen.  mgr.,  dir.  plastics  research  &  pur. 
agent;  Sterling  R.  Norcross,  sales  & 
adv.  mgr.;  John  L.  Mauer,  chief  engr. 

ELMENDORF  CORP.,  THE 

200  East  Illinois  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Armin  Elmendorf,  pres.; 
Morris  Lteff,  dir.  research. 

ELMES  ENGR.  WKS.  OF  AMER. 
STEEL  FOUNDRIES 

410  North   Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago   II.  III. 

Branch  Office:  230  N.  Morgan  St.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  Charles  F.  Elmes,  gen.  mgr.; 
R.  J.  Hess,  chief  engr.;  H.  W.  John- 
son, pur.  agent. 

ELWELL-PARKER  ELECTRIC  CO. 

4205  St.  Clair  Avenue 
Cleveland   14,  Ohio 

District  Representatives:  All  principal 
cities. 

Personnel:  S.  K.  Towson,  pres.  i  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  A.  Meddick.  vice-pres.  & 
sales  mgr.;  C.  B.  COOK,  vice-pres.  & 
adv.  mgr.;  Chas.  W.  Stage,  Jr.,  secy.; 
W.  E.  Hornig,  treas.;  Richard  Blansett, 
dir.  of  pub.  rel.;  W.  F.  Avery,  pur. 
agent. 

EMBALMERS'  SUPPLY  CO.,  THE 

Westport,  Conn. 

Personnel:  A.  H.  Dolge,  pres.  &  treas.; 
Wm.  G.  Huck,  secy.;  R.  C.  Beck,  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  F.  Strempfer,  chief  chemist; 
R.  C.  Browne,  adv.  mgr.;  W.  H.  Broer. 
pur.  agent. 

EMELOID  CO.,  INC.,  THE 

289-291-293  Laurel  Avenue 

Arlington,  N.J. 

Personnel:   E.   K.   Madan,   pres.;  M.   P. 

Leeds    treas.;  W.   Backer,   sales   mgr.; 

Max  Green,  adv.  mgr.;  M.  Zusr.  office 

mgr. 


282 


i  •  i  *  >  M  r  > 


MARCH  1945 


EMERY  INDUSTRIES,  INC. 
4300  Carew  Tower 
Cincinnati  2.  Ohio 
Branch   Offices:    IB7   Perry  St.,   Lowell, 
Mass.;    Woolworth    Bldg..    New   York; 
401   N.  Broad  St.,  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  John  J.  Emery,  pret.;  A.  W. 
Schubert,  vice-pres. ;  K.  K.  Boyd,  secy. 
t  pur.  agent;   H.  W.  Altvater,  treat.; 
W.  H.  Junker,  gen.  mgr.;  N.  A.   Rut- 
ton,  tales  mgr.;  c.  Emmer,  chief  engr.; 
Dr.   L.   D.   Myers,  dir.  research;   L.   E. 
Francit,  adv.  mgr. 

EMPIRE  PLASTICS  CO.  LTD. 
1029  Beaver  Hall  Hill 
Montreal,   Quebec,   Can. 
Personnel:   M.    M.    Krasnow,    pres.;   S. 
Glass,  vice-pres.;  M.  Slapack,  secy.  1 
trees.;  F.  Norejko,  gen.  mgr. 

EMULSOL  CORPORATION.  THE 
59  East  Madison  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Albert  K.  Epstein,  pres.; 
Benjamin  R.  Harris,  vice-pres.;  L.  K. 
Epstein,  secy.;  E.  S.  Thayer,  sales  mgr. 
tech.  prod,  div.;  R.  H.  Cerr,  chief 
engr.;  Dr.  H.  I.  Bernstein,  dir.  research; 
Bernard  Shaffer,  chief  chemist. 

ENBEE  TRANSPARENT 

SPECIALTY  CO. 
42  West  15th  Street 
New  York  II,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Harold  Engelstein,  owner. 

ENCO  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
4522  West  Fullerton  Avenue 
Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  Nathan  Usiskin,  pres.;  Gor- 
don Benes,  chief  engr.;  A.  J.  Millman, 
adv.  mgr. 

ENDURETTE  CORPORATION 

OF  AMERICA 
ClifTwood.  NJ. 

Personnel:  Michael  M.  Wolff,  pres.; 
Max  Wolff,  vice-pres.  &  treas. 

ENGELHARD,  CHARLES,  INC. 
233  NJ.  RR  Avenue 
Newark   5,    NJ. 
Branch  Office:  30  Church  St.,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Charles   Engelhard,   pres.   & 
treas.;  C.  B.  Mitchell,  vice-pres.;  J.  H. 
Laub,    secy.;    Arthur   W.    Taber,    gen. 
mgr.,    sales   mgr.    &    adv.    mgr.;   John 
Kremer,  chief  engr.;  W.  O.  Kunze,  pur. 
agent. 

ENGINEERING  ASSOCIATES 
1 1    North  Second  Avenue 
St.  Charles,  III. 

Personnel:  S.  H.  A.  Young,  pres.;  R.  A. 
Palese,  chief  chemist;  J.  J.  Jaeger, 
chief  engr.;  Alex  E.  McCorneck,  chief 
dev.  engr.;  Mervin  R.  Ruebush,  tool 
designer. 

ENGINEERING  LABS.,  INC. 
Pompton  Lakes,  NJ. 
Personnel:   A.   C.   Mason,   pres.:   S.   S. 
Mason,  tecy. 

ENGR.  SPECIALTIES  CORP. 

3476  Gibson  Avenue 

Detroit  I,  Mich. 

Personnel:   M.  A.  Yocky,   pres.;   Milton 

Boyd,  secy.;  C.  M.  White,  sales  mgr.; 

H.  P.  Koenneke,  chief  engr. 

ENKA   PLASTIC   COMPANY 

418  South  Robertson  Boulevard 

Los  Angeles.  Calif. 

•ranch  Plant:  736  N.  La  Cienega  Blvd.. 

Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:  Jack    K.    Leonard,    owner   & 

?«n,  mgr.;  Gretchen  Wetterer,  secy.; 
.  Taurog,  treas.;  John  Hill,  sales  mgr.; 
James  Granger,  chief  engr.;  Ge«rge 
Griffith,  dir.  public  relations;  B.  J. 
Marble,  pur.  agent;  Lew  Matthess, 
prod.  mgr. 

EPPENSTEIN.  JAMES  F.  &  ASSOC. 
35  East  Wacker  Drive 
Chicago  I,  III. 

Personnel:  James  F.  Eppenttein  &  Ray- 
mond J.  Schwab,  partners. 

ERIE  ENGINE  4  MFG.  CO. 
953  East  12th  Street 
Erie,  Penna. 

Personnel:  John  A.  Root,  pret.:  Harold 
E.  Crist,  gen.  mgr.;  Lloyd  Adam,  sales 
mgr.;  Laird  J.  Zengel,  chief  engr.;  El- 
mer A.  LeSuer,  pur.  agent. 


ERIE  PLASTICS  CO. 

1304  Cranberry  Street 

P.O.  Box  515 

Erie,  Penna. 

Personnel:  H.  C.  Sherk  &  Frank  Gahn, 

partnert. 

ERIE  RESISTOR  CORPORATION 
644  West  1 2th  Street 
Erie,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  W.  J.  Neelon,  18 
Capen  Blvd.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  W.  C.  Con- 
roy.  3M9  Solar  Vista  Place,  Cincinnati; 
H.  R.  Brethren,  1 1341  Woodward  Ave.. 
Detroit:  David  G.  Washabaugh,  806 
King's  Highway,  Haddon  Heights,  N.J. 
Personnel:  G.  Richard  Fryling,  pres.: 
W.  H.  Fryling,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
sales;  B.  B.  Minnium,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  engr.;  Henry  McDonald,  tecy.; 
J.  E.  Dieteman,  trees.;  Jes.  P.  Quinn, 
sales  mgr.  plastics  div.;  J.  E.  Toppari, 
chief  chemist;  A.  K.  Shenk,  adv.  mgr.; 
R.  R.  Southwick,  pur.  agent;  L.  L.  Berry, 
chief  mech.  engr. 

ERIEZ  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Commerce  Building 

Erie,   Penna. 

Personnel:  O.   F.  Merwin,   pres.;   R.   F. 

Merwin.  secy.,  gen.  mgr.  &  asst.  mgr.; 

Conrad  Johannesen,  chief  engr.;  Davies 

&  McKinney,  agents. 

ERISMAN,  A.  C. 

Plastic  Workshop 
I  12  South  20th  Street 
Philadelphia    3,    Penna. 
Personnel:   A.   C.   Erisman,   owner. 

ERRINGTON   MECH.  LAB. 
24  Norwood  Avenue 
Staten  Island  4,  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  6701  N.  Sioux  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago 30. 

Personnel:  C.  M.  Errington,  prop.;  W. 
S.  Errington,  gen.  mar.;  J.  D.  Simon- 
son,  sales  mgr.;  F.  J.  Rocklein,  chief 
engr. 

ESSELEN,  GUSTAVUS  J.,  INC. 
857  Boylston  Street 
Boston   16,  Mass. 

Personnel:  Gustavut  J.  Esselen,  pres.; 
J.  G.  Hildebrand  Jr.,  lab.  dir. 

ESSEX  CORPORATION 
Charlottesville,  Va. 

Personnel:  Charles  P.  Schoen,  pres.; 
William  G.  Dietrich,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Jerome  F.  Schloss,  secy.  &  treas. 

ETTL  STUDIOS,  INC. 

6  East  46th  Street 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 

Branch   Office:  213  W.  58th   St.,   New 

York. 

Personnel:   Alex  J.    Ettl   &   Charles   H. 

Ettl,  vice-pres. 

EUGENE  PLYWOOD  CORP. 

Eugene,  Ore. 

EVANS  CHEMICAL  CORP. 
1627  West  Fort  Street 
Detroit   16,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Charles  C.  Layman,  pres.; 
Howard  D.  Steere,  secy.;  John  N.  Reid, 
gen.  mgr.;  Robert  Des  Roches,  dir. 

EVANS-WINTER-HEBB,   INC. 
818  West  Hancock  Avenue 
Detroit   I.  Mich. 

Personnel:  Arthur  W.  Winter,  pres.; 
Wm.  F.  Mason,  vice-pres.  S  trees.; 
John  Kingsepp,  asst.  tecy.  &  pur.  agent; 
Anthony  DAgottino,  chief  engr. 

EVELO  MFG.  CO. 

Box  203 

Westfield.  NJ. 

Personnel:  A.  N.  Mosher,  owner  &  pres. 

EXACT  WEIGHT  SCALE  CO. 
944  West  Fifth  Avenue 
Columbus  8,  Ohio 

Personnel:  W.  A.  Scheurer,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  tales;  S.  L.  Griggi  tecy.;  K. 
B.  Neff.  vice-pres.  It  treat.;  I.  8.  Flan- 
agan, chief  engr.;  J.  W.  Sieverling, 
adv.  mgr.;  Tom  Hamilton,  pur.  agent. 


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EX-CELL-O  CORPORATION 

1200  Oakman  Boulevard 
Detroit  6,   Mich. 

Personnel:  Phil  Huber,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  James  K.  Fulks,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  mfg.;  H.  Glenn  Bixby,  secy.  & 
treas.;  Thor  M.  Olson,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  sales;  Gilbert  D.  Stewart,  chief 
engr.;  H.  L.  Joseph  Humphrey,  adv. 
mgr.  &  dir.  of  pub.  rel.;  Fred  D.  Sick- 
lesteel,  pur.  agent. 

EXETER  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

40  Worth  Street 

New  York  13,  N.Y. 

Plants:   Exeter,   N.H.;   Pittsfield,   N.H. 

EXTRUDED  PLASTICS,  INC. 

New  Canaan  Avenue 

Norwalk,  Conn. 

Personnel:   Charles   Slaughter,   pres.   & 

treas.;  A.  M.  Stackhouse,  vice-pres.  & 

secy.;  E.  L.  King,  pur.  agent. 

FAIRMOUNT  CHEM.  CO.,  INC. 

600  Ferry  Street 
Newark,  New  Jersey 
FALSTROM  CO. 
Passaic,    New  Jersey 
Branch  Office:  Clifton.   New  Jersey. 
Pertonnel:    C.    F.    Lindholm,    pres  •    A 
W.    Lindholm,   secy.    &   treas.;    H.    A. 
Conens,  gen.  mgr.;  Geo.  P.  Schwaeble, 
sales  mgr.;  H.   R.   Hillery,  ehief  engr.; 
H.   Schlyen,   adv.    mgr.;    P.   W.    Kievit, 
pur.  agent. 

FAMCO   MACHINE  COMPANY 

1320    18th   Street 

Racine,  Wis. 

Personnel:   H.    B.    Noll,    pres.,   gen.   & 

sales   mgr.;   D.    L.    Noll,   secy.;   H.   V. 

Chnstensen,   chief  engr. 

FARLEY    &    LOETSCHER    MFG. 
Seventh   &  White  Streets 
Dubuque,   Iowa 

•ranch  Offices:  Chicago;  Cincinnati- 
Columbus;  Detroit;  Ft.  Lauderdate, 
Fla.;  Houston;  Indianapolis-  Los  An- 
geles; Montreal;  Philadelphia-  Port- 
land. Ore.;  St.  Louis;  Seattle. 
Personnel:  J.  A.  Loetscher.  pres.;  J.  M. 
Burch  Jr.,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  A  E 
Loetscher.  secy.;  Fred  R.  Loetscher 
mgr.  plastics  div.  &  dir.  plastics  re- 
search; C.  A.  Thrcke.  adv.  mgr.;  G.  A. 
Loetscher,  pur.  agent. 

FARREL-BIRMINGHAM    CO. 

25    Main   Street 
Ansonia    Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  First  Central  Tower 
Akron;  344  Vulcan  St.  Buffalo  NY- 
2032  Santa  Fe  Ave..  Los  Angeles;  Chrys- 
ler Bldg.,  New  York;  Oliver  Bldg. 
Pittsburgh. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Haddock,  pres.-  Carl 
Hitchcock,  vice-ores.  &  sales  mgr.;  A. 
G.  Kessler.  Austin  Kuhns  4  R.  A.  North, 
vice-pres.;  F.  M.  Drew  Jr.,  treas.;  C. 
F.  Schnuck  chief  engr.;  T.  V.  Busk.  adv. 
mgr.;  C.  E.  Burton,  pur.  agent;  E.  H. 
Johnson,  mgr.  rubber  &  plastics  mach. 
div. 

FARRINGTON  MFG.  COMPANY 

76  Atherton   Street 
Jamaica  Plain,   Mass. 

Personnel:  Richard  M.  Dugdale.  viee- 
pres.;  M.  C.  Goddard,  dir.  plastics  re- 
search &  designer. 

FEDERAL  ELECTRIC  CO.,  INC. 

8700  S.  State  Street 
Chicago   19,   III. 

Branch  Offices:  2SI2  Gilbert.  Cincin- 
nati; 1902  Field  St.,  Dallas:  700  Wauqh 
Dr..  Houston;  Jennings,  La.;  730  St 
Charles  St..  New  Orleans;  551  fifth 
Ave.,  New  York;  Thibodaux,  La. 
Personnel:  Charles  B.  Borland,  pres.; 
R.  L.  Kester,  vice-pres.,  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  Wm.  C.  Brinning,  mgr.  plastics 
dept. 

FEDERAL  TELE.  &  RADIO  CORP. 

591    Broad  Street 
Newark.  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  333  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  Los  Angeles;  67  Broad  St., 
New  York. 

Personnel:  Col.  S.  Behn,  pres.;  H.  C. 
Roemer,  exec,  vice-pres.  4  gen.  mgr.; 
J.  S.  Jammer,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
R.  E.  Smith  &  E.  N.  Wendell,  vice- 
pres.  &  chief  engr.:  T.  M.  Douglas, 
vice-pres,;  A.  W.  Rhinow,  adv.  mgr.; 
S.  Rowitz,  pur.  agent. 


FEDERAL  TOOL  CORPORATION 

400  North   Leavitt  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  R.  Bernhardt,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  B.  Handwork,  vice-pres.-  P  R 
Pennington,  secy.  &  treas.;  S.  H.  Sin- 
clair sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  C.  J.  Lind 
chief  engr.,  dir.  plastics  research  & 
supt.  plastics  div.;  Wm.  Bueltmann, 
pur.  agent. 

FEDERICO,  JOSEPH  B. 

1205  Jefferson 

New  Baltimore,   Mich. 

FELKER  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

1 128  Border  Avenue 
Torrance,    Calif. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Philadelphia- 
Washington,  D.C. 

Personnel:  M.  N.  Felker,  owner;  M.  W. 
Hmshaw,  gen.  mgr.;  B.  B.  Clarke,  sales 
mgr  •  W.  M.  Todd  Jr..  adv.  mgr.;  M. 
Healey,  pur.  agent. 

FELSENTHAL,  G.  &  SONS 

41  10  West  Grand  Avenue 
Chicago  51,  III. 

Personnel:  Lester  J.  Felsenthal,  partner; 
Irving  G.  Felsenthal,  partner  &  pur 
agent;  Ben  W.  Rau,  partner  &  salas 
engr.;  Harry  F.  Slottag,  partner  & 
plant  mgr.;  B.  W.  Reich,  sales  &  adv. 
mgr. 

FERNER,  R.  Y.  CO.,  THE 

131   State  Street 

Boston  9,  Mass. 

Personnel:  G.  Robert  Osgood,  prop. 

FIELD  ABRASIVE  SPECIALTY 
MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

201-212    Lowe    Building 
Dayton  2,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Albert  Field,  prop.  &  pur. 
agent;  H.  E.  Cook,  sales  mgr.  &  adv. 
mgr. 

FINDLEY,  F.  G.  CO..  THE 

1243    North  Tenth  Street 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Branch  Offices:  A.  M.  Bond  Box  1753 
Dallas:  A.  J.  Mengden,  3110  Notting- 
ham Blvd.,  Houston;  American  Supply 
Co.,  Box  1447.  New  Orleans;  James  Q. 
Leavitt  Co.,  Box  344,  Ogden,  Utah. 

Personnel:  Kenneth  Findley,  pres.  4 
treas.;  Ralph  Findley,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  H.  B.  Schallock,  adv.  &  sales 
promotion  mgr.;  Jesse  Matteson.  chief 
chemist;  Roy  Hecker,  prod.  mgr. 

FINE  ORGANICS,  INC. 

211    East   19th  Street 

New  York  3,  N.Y. 

Plant:  201   Main  St.,  Lodi,   N.J. 

Personnel:  Nicholas  M.  Molnar,  pres.; 
Ernest  Segessemann,  vice-pres.;  A.  S. 
Richer,  gen.  mgr. 

FIRE  INDUSTRIAL  PROD.  CO. 

Akron,  Ohio 

Personnel:  John  W.  Thomas,  ch.  of  bd.: 
P.  P.  Crisp,  pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  R.  J. 
Mitchell,  vice-pres.;  H.  S.  Brainard, 
secy.;  W.  J.  Blizzard,  treas. 

FIRST   MACHINERY  CORP. 

819   East  Ninth  Street 
New  York  9,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Fred  R.  Firstenberg,  pres.; 
Louis  J.  Shapiro,  gen.  mgr.;  David  M. 
Gold,  adv.  mgr. 

FISCHER  CORP. 

703    Ivy   Street 
Glendale,  Calif 

FITCHBURG  GRINDING  MACH. 

Fiichburg,  Mass. 

Personnel:  G.  S.  Gould,  pres.  &  adv. 
mgr.;  J.  Gushing,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  M.  A.  Coolidge,  treas.;  E.  A. 
Haapanen.  chief  engr.;  J.  J.  Healey, 

rur.  agent;  E.  N.  Daulton,  shop  supt.; 
.  S.  Day,  prod.  mgr. 

FLAMM   BROS. 

21  I   State  Street 

Bridgeport  3,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Alexander  L.  Flamm,  owner. 


284 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


FOOTE  BROS.  GEAR  AND  MA- 
CHINE CORPORATION 
5225   South   Western    Boulevard 
Chicago,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   W.   A.    Barr,   pres.   ft   gen. 
mgr.,  Russell  G.  Davit  ft  A.  Mackmann, 
vice-prei.;  J.  R.  Fagan,  secy. 

FORD,  M.  A.  MFG.  CO..  INC. 
Davenport,  Iowa 

Personnel:  R.  6.  Haskins,  pres.:  F.  E. 
Morency.  vice-pres.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;. 
H.  M.  Gosline.  secy.;  E.  L.  Butterfield. 
chief  engr.;  R.  H.  Keough,  adv.  mgr. 

FORD  MOTOR  COMPANY 

3000  Schaefer  Road 

Dearborn,  Mich. 

FOREDOM  ELECTRIC  CO. 

27  Park  Place 

New  Yorli  7,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Martin  F.  Sticht,  owner. 

FOREST  IND'L.  RESEARCH  CO. 

3423  South  Union  Avenue 

Tacoma  9,  Wash. 

Personnel:   L  W.   Schatz.   pres.;   L.  A. 

Moffett,  tecy.  ft  trees.;  Trios.  R.  Estep, 

»upt. 

FOREST  PROD.  LABS.  OF  CAN. 

Ottawa.  Ontario,  Can. 

Personnel:  T.  A.   McElhanney,  supt 

FORMAX  COMPANY 

3171    Bellevue  Ave. 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Personnel:  E.  D.  McAleer,  sales  mgr. 

FORMICA  INSULATION  CO. 

4620  Spring  Grove  Avenue 
Cincinnati  32,  Ohio 
Branch   Offices:   J.   A.    Healy.    Ml    N. 
Canal  St..  Chicago:  F.  D.  Manley,  Book 
Bldg.,  Detroit;  L.  J.  Francisco,  101  Park 
Ave..   New  York. 

Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  D.  J.  O'Conor.  pres.;  W.  J. 
Gebhart,  vice-pres.  ft  treas.;  J.  R. 
White,  vice-pres.  ft  sales  mgr.;  G.  H. 
Clark,  vice-pres.  ft  chief  engr.;  W.  H. 
Kruse,  secy.;  J.  R.  White,  adv.  mgr.; 
J.  H.  Heitbrink.  pur.  agent. 


FORTNEY  MFG.  COMPANY 

247  N.J.R.R.  Avenue 

Newark  5.   NJ. 

Personnel:    Loyd    E.    Fortney,    partner; 

Eugene    L.    Fortney.    partner    ft    pur. 

agent. 

FOSTER  GRANT  CO..  INC. 
289  North  Main  Street 
Leominstar,  Matt. 
Branch  Office:  200  Varick  St..  N.Y. 
Personnel:    Joseph    C.     Foster,    pres.; 
Harry  C.  Richards,  vice-pres. ;  leroy  A. 
Gettens.  gen.  mgr.;  William   F.  Lane. 
sales  mgr.;   Milton   W.   Bernstein,   pur. 
agent. 

FOSTORIA   PRESSED  STEEL 
Fostoria,    Ohio 

Personnel:  R.  J.  Carter,  pres.;  C.  W. 
McDaniel.  vice-pres. ;  R.  N.  Green. 
sales  mgr.;  L.  J.  Barber,  chief  engr.;  P. 
H.  Krupp.  dir.  of  pub.  re!.:  R.  L.  Hill, 
pur.  agent;  E.  L.  Bates,  vice  pres.  In 
charge  production. 

FOXBORO  COMPANY,  THE 
Foxboro.  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   B.   H.   Bristol,   pres.;   R.   A. 
Bristol,    treas.;    C.    E.    Sullivan,    sales 
mgr.;  P.  C.  Bonker,  adv.  mgr.;   R.  M. 
Kimball,   pur.  agent. 

FRANCIS,  CHARLES  E.  CO. 
Huntington,  Ind. 
Plant:   Rushville,  Indiana. 
Personnel:  G.  J.  Griesser   pres.;  C.  H. 
Drew,   vice-pres.;    R.  J.   Hodson,  gen. 
mgr.;  C.  P.  Lamson,  sales  mgr.;  J.  D. 
McPike,  adv.  mgr. 

FRANK.  AUG.  C.  CO. 

732  Sansom  Street 
Philadelphia  6,  Penna. 
Personnel:    Aug.    C.    Frank    ft    Edwin 
Frank,  partners:  Herman  Frank,  partner 
ft  gen.  mgr.;  Wm.  J.  B.  Lenton,  secy. 

FRANKE,  ANN 

305  East  63rd  Street 
New  York  21.  N.Y. 


FRANKLIN    FIBRE  LAMITEX 

Wilminqton,  Dela. 

•ranch  Office:   187  Lafayette  St..  New 

York. 

Personnel:  Matt   Finger,  treas. 

FRANKLIN  PLASTICS  DIVISION 
Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
315  Grant  Street 
Franklin,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  Stephenson  Bldg.,  De- 
troit; Gulf  Bldg..  Pittsburgh. 
Persennel:  Wm.  S.  Perry,  pres..  gen.  ft 
sales  mgr.;  L.  W.  Robinson  Jr.,  vice 
pres.;  M.  J.  (Jtzinger,  secy,  ft  treas. 
Fred  J.  Kraft,  chief  engr.;  James  B 
Miller,  pur.  agent;  George  Laurenson 
plant  supt. 

FRAY  MACHINE  TOOL  CO. 

515  W.  Windsor  Rd. 

Glendale  5.  Calif 

Personnel:  James  H.  Richards,  pres.  ft 

prod,     mgr.;    Clarence    A.    Wheeler, 

vice-pres.    ft    sales   mgr.;    Earl    G.    Se- 

verts.  secy.,  treas.   ft  gen.   mgr. 

FRENCH  OIL  MILL  MACH. 

Piqua,  Ohio 

•ranch  Offlc«:  Pump  Equipment  &  En* 
gineerinq  Co.,  Cambridge.  Mass.;  Lytle 
Engineering  Co..  Cleveland;  John  E. 
Livingstone  Co.,  Detroit. 
Ptrsonntl:  C.  B.  Upton,  vice-pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  T.  F.  Stacy,  mgr.  hydraulic 
press  div. 

FREW  MACHINE  CO.,  THE 

124  W.  Venango  Street 
Philadelphia  40,   Penna. 
Personnel:  George  H.  Frew  Jr.,  prop.  S 
chief  engr. 

FRISCH,  ARTHUR  CO. 

45  West  20th  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Arthur  Frish,  owner. 

FROSTRADE  PRODUCTS 

19929   Exeter 

Detroit  3.  Mich. 

Personnel:    L.    C.    Smart,    gen.    mgr.; 

John  S.  Rise,  chief  engr.  &  gen.  supt. 


FULLER  BRUSH  COMPANY.  THE 
3580  Main  Street 
Hartford.  Conn. 
Branch  Offices:  AH  principal  cities. 
Personnel:    A.    Howard    Fuller,    pres.; 
Frank    W.    Adams,    vice-pres..    gen.    1 
sales  mgr.;  William  F.  Honor,  secy.  I 
adv.  mgr.;  Earl  R.  Cotton,  treas.:  Cur- 
tiss    F.   Smith,   chief   engr.;    A.    L.    Le 
Febvre,  dir.   plastics  research;   Donald 
D.    Peck,    chief    chemist;    Wallace    E. 
Campbell,  dir.  public  relations;  Norm 
T.    Drummond,    pur.    agent;    H.    Paul 
Cleaver,   works   mgr. 

GALLAY,  DR.  WILFRED 
422  Besserer  Street 
Ottawa,  Ontario,  Can. 

GALLMEYER  *  LIVINGSTON 

336  Straight  Avenue,  Southwest 
Grand  Rapids  4,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Chas.   H.  Gallmeyer,  pres. 
S.   Owen   Livingston,    1st  vice-pres.:  J 
DeKoning,  2nd  vice-pres.  ft  chief  engr. 
B.    C.    Saunders,   secy.,   sales    ft    adv 
mgr.;   Wm.    H.   Gallmeyer,   treas.;    B 
Robert  Saunders.  pur.  agent. 

GARDNER  MACHINE  CO. 
Beloit.  Wis. 

Personnel:  W.  B.  Leishman,  pres.  ft 
sales  mgr.;  I.  R.  Shue  ft  R.  W.  Roth, 
vice-pres.;  C.  W.  Thompson,  secy,  ft 
treas. ;  R.  D.  Gardner,  chief  engr.;  H. 
B.  Nielsen,  adv.  mgr.;  F.  V.  Halstead. 
pur.  agent. 

GARFIELD  MFG.  COMPANY 

10  Midland  Avenue 
Garfield,  N.J. 

Personnel:  B.  H.  Howell,  pres.,  frees. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  E.  M.  Beach,  vice-pres.. 
sales  ft  adv.  mgr.;  L.  R.  Egg,  vice- 
pres.  ft  chief  engr.;  Wm.  J.  Stagg, 
secy,  ft  pur.  agent. 

GAST,  GEORGE  AUGUST 
2547  North  Mango  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

GATKE  CORPORATION 

228  North  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago  I,  III. 


A     SPECIALIZED     PLASTIC 


FOR  ELECTRICAL   AND   INDUSTRIAL   USES 


HIGH  TENSILE  STRENGTH 
HIGH  DIELECTRIC  VALUE 

Of  r«|nvi;il  intrrr-l  for  thr 

molding  of  electrical  uppliun- 

ii--.  insulators,  knobs,  p.m- 1-. 

-<M  krl-.  rlc. 

Attractive  \alural  Color. 
Golden   Hrotrn  J0%   —  In- 

create  in  All  Strrnflh 
factor* — Obtained  in  I  nnn 
^       noted  and  billed  r'ormii 


CIBA  PRODUCTS  CORPORATION,  77  RIVER  ST.,  HOBOKEN,  N.  J. 


\i  \  urn  10  i-. 


RODGERS 


PRODUCTS 


jot, 


•  HYDRAULIC  COMPRESSION  PRESSES 

•  HYDRAULIC  TRANSFER  MOLDING  PRESSES 

•  HYDRAULIC  BROACHING  PRESSES 

•  HYDRAULIC  HOBBING  PRESSES 

•  AIR  MOTOR 

•  TRANSFER  MOLDING  MODIFICATION  UNIT 

(A  Unit  to  convert  ifroionl  Compression  Presses  to 
Transfer  Mo/ding) 


RODGERS  HYDRAULIC,  Inc. 

7443  Walker  Street,   Si.  Louis  Park 

MINNEAPOLIS   16,  MINNESOTA 


SEAR  GRINDING  MACH.  CO. 

3901    Christopher 
Detroit,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Chisholm  N.  Macdonald, 
pres.;  A.  D.  Macpherson,  vice-pres.  & 
dir.  public  relations;  Mary  Scheimer, 
secy.  &  treas.;  A.  W.  Rudel,  sales  » 
adv.  mgr.:  Ivor  J.  Gruenberg,  chief 
engr.;  M.  R.  King,  pur.  agent. 

GEMLOID  CORPORATION 
79-10  Albion  Avenue 
Elmhurst,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office  5?-25  Decatur  St.,  Ridge- 
wood,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.  Frank,  pres.  &  treas.;  S. 
R.  Geist,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  A. 
Kaplan,  secy.;  N.  R.  Davis,  chief  engr.; 
P.  L.  Steiner,  pur.  agent;  E.  Tischier, 
prod.  mgr. 

GENERAL  BINDING  CORP. 

812  West  Belmont  Avenue 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  C.   Edward   Emmer,  pres.  & 

?en.  mgr.;  Wm.  N.  Handy,  vice-pres. 
dir.  public  relations:  T.  N.  Me- 
Gowen.  vice-pres.;  E.  S.  Berquist,  «ecy.: 
R.  W.  Cohen,  treas.;  L.  A.  Valli.  chief 
engr.;  R.  R.  Doberstein,  pur.  agent; 
M.  W.  Zeller,  prod.  mgr. 

GENERAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 

40   Rector  Street 
New  Yorlc,  N.Y. 

Technical  Service  Offices:  All  principal 
cities. 

GENERAL  ELECTRIC  CO. 

Plastics    Division 
I    Plastics  Avenue 
Pittsfield,    Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  840  S.  Canal  St.  Chi- 
cago: 4944  Woodland  Ave.,  Cleveland- 
700  Antoinette  St.,  Detroit;  1435  Broad- 
way. Fort  Wayne;  324  W.  Georgia  St 
Indianapolis:  212  N.  Vignes  St.  Los 
Angeles-  34  Cambridge  St.,  Meriden 
Conn.;  570  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York- 
1405  Locust  St..  Philadelphia-  535 
Smithfietd  St.,  Pittsburgh;  1387'  Main 
St.,  Springfield.  Mass.;  «20  Western 
Ave..  West  Lynn,  Mass. 
Personnel:  W.  H.  Milton  Jr.,  gen.  mgr.- 
D.  S.  McKenzie,  sales  mgr.-  F  W 
Warner,  chief  engr.:  Dr.  J.  J.  Pyle. 
chief  chemist;  R.  L.  Gibson,  adv.  mgr.; 
W.  G.  Fehily,  pur.  agent. 


GENERAL  ELECTRIC  CO. 

Schenectady.  N.Y. 

GENERAL  INDUSTRIES  CO.,  THE 

FJyria,   Ohio 

Sales  Representatives:  Jack  Keefe  Jr. 
707  Market  St..  Camden.  N.J.-  W.  L. 
Kelly,  III  W.  Monroe  St..  Chicago: 
L.  M.  Payne  Co..  Inc.,  Curtis  Blda 
Detroit;  A.  E.  Preussler.  152  W.  Wis- 
consin Ave.,  Milwaukee. 
Personnel:  A.  W.  Fritische.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.:  M.  Barchard.  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  O.  W.  Marsh,  vice-pre».;  King 
Fauver,  secy.:  C.  F.  Russert,  treas.; 
R.  Frey,  chief  engr.:  C.  Kohler.  dir. 
public  relations;  T.  W.  Higham,  pur. 
agent. 

GENERAL  LAMINATING.  INC. 

60  Park  Place 
Newark,  N.J. 

Branch  Office:  521  Valley  Brook  Ave., 
LynoTiurst,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Horace  Fletcher  Jr.,  pres.; 
James  Breslow,  vice-pres.;  Sherwin  W. 
Haas,  secy.  &  treas.;  M.  J.  Geary,  gen. 
mgr.;  V.  Heyman,  sales  mgr. 

GENERAL  LUMINESCENT  CORP. 

666  South  Federal  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Charles  A.  Pollak,  pres.; 
Rudolph  C.  Hultgren,  vice-pres.  &  chief 
engr.;  Leonard  M.  Leserman,  secy., 
treas.  &  pur.  agent;  Robert  H.  Pollock, 
gen.  mgr.;  Robert  L.  Sullivan,  sales 
mgr.;  Dr.  S.  Isenberg,  dir.  research  & 
chief  chemist;  William  G.  Anderson, 
adv.  mgr. 

GENERAL  MILLS,  INC. 

2010  East  Hennepin  Avenue 
Minneapolis  13,  Minn. 
Personnel:   Harry   Bullis,    pres.;    Arthur 
D.  Hyde,  vice-pres.  in  charge  research; 
A   G.  Hovey,  sales  mgr.;  E.  E.  Kuphal, 
chief  engr.;  R.  H.  Manley,  dir.  plastics 
research. 


GENERAL  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 

Des  Plaines,  III. 

Personnel:  Norman  Anderson,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Helmer  Hansen,  vice-pres.;  Carl 
J.  Sanders,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  LeRoy 
A.  Anderson,  sales  mgr. 

GENERAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 

1400  North  Washington  Street 
Marion,  Indiana 

Branch  Office:  53  W.  Jackson  Blvd.. 
Chicago. 

Personnel:   G.   Walter   Borkland     pres 
gen.   mgr.   &   chief  engr.;    R.   H.    Erie- 
wine,   vice-pres.;   A.  J.   Calpha,   secy. 
&  treas. 

GENERAL  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

Union  Springs,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Marco  Hecht,  pres.:  H.  Eis- 
ner, vice-pres.  &  pur.  agent;  Fanny 
Hecht,  secy,  i  treas.;  J.  C.  Gaitej 
gen.  mgr.;  B.  M.  Hecht,  sales  mgr.; 
Fred  Waltz,  chief  engr.;  W.  Friedman, 
adv.  mgr. 

GENERAL  TEXTILE  PROD.  CO. 

69  Greene  Street 
New  York  12.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  M.  A.  Weinstein,  partner. 

GENESEE  TOOL  COMPANY 

Fenton,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices  I  Representatives:  All 
principal  cities. 

Personnel:  C.  Moen,  pres.;  A.  Gruner. 
vice-pres.;  E.  A.  S|ogren,  sales  mgr. 

GERBER  PLASTIC  COMPANY 

2625  Locust  Street 

St.  Louis  3,  Mo. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Gerber,  pres.;  J.  Mel- 

vm  Levi.  vice-pres.;  John  J.  Roos,  secy. 

&    treas.;    John    W.    Eggeman,    chief 

engr.;  Joseph  F.  Ronzio,  pur.  agent. 

GERING  PRODUCTS.  INC. 

Kenilworth,  N.J. 

Branch  Office:  422  W.  Monroe  St..  Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  Larry  Gering,  pres.;  Her- 
man Gering,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  Thom- 
as I.  O'Connor,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
Everett  R.  Gordon,  chief  chemist. 

GERMANOW   SIMON    MACH. 

408  St.  Paul  Street 
Rochester,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Harry  Germanow,  pres.;  Jul- 
ius Simon,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.: 
Michael  Vacant!,  chief  engr.;  Leon  Ger- 
manow, pur.  agent. 

GERSHUN,  MERTON  L. 

666  Lake  Shore  Drive 
Chicago,  III. 

GERTH.  RUTH 
228  East  61st  Street 
New  York  21.  N.Y. 

GIBBS  MANUFACTURING 

241  I  Sixth  Street 
Berkeley  2.  Calif. 
Personnel:  James  Gibbs,  owner. 

GILLETTE  FIBRE  CO. 

248  Boylston  Street 

Boston,  Mass. 

Personnel:  H.   R.  Gillette,   pres.;  A.  S. 

Durgan.    secy.;    H.    W.    Richter,    chief 

chemist. 

GIRDLER   CORPORATION,    THE 

Thermex  Division 
224  East  Broadway 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Branch  Office:  150  Broadway,  New  York. 
Personnel:  George  O.  Boomer,  pres.: 
L.  L.  Dawson,  vice-pres.;  O.  O.  Funk, 
secy.  &  treas.;  C.  J.  Hodapp,  gen. 
mgr.;  C.  C.  Brumleve,  sales  mgr.  Ther- 
mex div.;  P.  D.  Zottu,  chief  engr.; 
Gene  Wedereit,  adv.  mgr.;  W.  Armin 
Willig,  dir.  public  relations;  C.  C. 
Dicken,  pur.  agent. 

GITS  MOLDING  CORPORATION 

4600  West  Huron  Street 
Chicago  44,  III. 

Personnel:  Joseph  A.  Gits  pres.;  C.  N. 
Cahill.  vice-pres..  sales  a  adv.  mgr.; 
J.  P.  Gits,  vice-pres.,  secy.,  treas.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Joseph  A.  Gits  Jr.,  chief 
engr.  &  pur.  agent;  Oliver  J.  Knutson, 
chief  chemist. 


286 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


GLADE  MFG.  CO. 

1632  Wast  75th  Place 

Chicago  20,   Illinois 

Personnel:  Geo.  H.  Glade  Jr.,  owner. 

GLASCOTE  PRODUCTS.  INC. 
20900  St.  Clair  Avenue 
Cleveland    17.  Ohio 
Personnel:  Henry  C.  Osborn  Jr..  prel.; 
C.    C.    Pope,   vice-prei.    &   gen.   mgr.; 
E.  f.  Koenig,  trees.:  F.  C.  Patera,  sales 
mgr.  It  pur.  agent:  Carl  S.  Brown,  chief 
engr. 

GLASS,  HARRY  H.  &  BROTHER 

131    Duane  Street 

New  York  13.  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Harry  H.  Glass,   pres.;  Ben 

Glass,  vice-pres. 

GLASS,  HENRY  P. 

160  West  Burton  Place 
Chicago,  III. 

GLEICH,  EMANUEL  D. 
239-43  West  39th  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Emanuel   D.  Gleich.  owner. 
GLOBE  MOULDED  PLASTICS 
Div.  Globe  Tool  &  Molded  Prod. 
2024  Kishwaukee  Street 
Roclford.  III. 

Personnel:  E.  L.  Anderson,  pre».:  C.  D. 
Haggm,  vice-pres.;  E.  I.  Ackerson, 
secy.;  R.  M.  Alden,  treas.;  W.  O.  Mor- 
gan, comptroller. 

GLYCO  PRODUCTS  CO.,  INC. 
26  Court  Street 
Brooklyn  2.  N.Y. 

Iranch  Offices:  407  S.  Dearborn  St.. 
Chicago;  1012  N.  Third  St.,  Milwaukee- 
U2I  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia;  Prod- 
uctos  puimicos  Glyco,  S.A.,  Cipres 
355,  Meiico,  D.F. 

Personnel:  H.  Bennett,  pres.  &  lecy.; 
E.  Rosendahl,  vice-pres.,  gen.  &  adv! 
mgr.;  R.  Bennett,  treas.:  Dr.  E.  Mc- 
Cauhff.  sales  mgr.;  L.  Shapiro,  chief 
engr.;  Dr.  Leuck.  dir.  research;  M.  S. 
Green,  pur.  agent. 


GOODRICH,  B.  F.  CO.,  THE 

Chemical  Division 
324  Rosa  Building 
Cleveland   IS,  Ohio 
Branch  Office:  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co., 
Chemical   Div..   Kitchener,  Ont. 
Personnel:  W.  S.  Richardson,  gen.  mgr.; 
J.  R.  Hoover,  gen.  sales  mgr.  plastics 
metis.;  W.   I.   Burt,   gen.   mgr.   plants; 
Dr.  Frank  K.  Schoenfald,  dir.  tech.  op- 
erations; John  H.  Field  Jr.,  mgr.  plas- 
tics development  lab.;  Wayne  Brinker- 
hoff,  mgr.  tech.  data  service;  George 
Taft,    chemicals    buyer;    H.    E.    Foster, 
gen.  auditor. 

GOODRICH,  B.  F.  CO..  THE 

Koroseal  Division 

Akron.  Ohio 

Personnel:  L.  H.  Chenoweth,  gen.  mgr. 

Koroseal  div. 

GOODYEAR  TIRE  &  RUBBER  CO. 

Pliofilm   Department 
Akron.    Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  F.  Landefeld,  mgr. 
GORDON.  J.  M. 
479  Sixth  Avenue 
New  York  II,  N.Y. 
GORO  MFG.  CO..  THE 
12  East  12th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  David  Goldberg,  pres.  & 
pur.  agent;  Helen  Kleinfeld,  secy.;  Na- 
than Groden.  gen.  mgr.;  John  Sapiente, 
chief  engr. 

GORTON,  GEORGE.  MACHINE 

1321   Racine  Street 
Racine,  Wis. 

Personnel:  George  Gorton  Sr.,  pres.: 
George  Gorton  III,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  W.  B.  Tomlinson,  secy.  &  trees.; 
P.  M.  Henkes,  chief  engr.;  F.  C.  Kin- 
ney,  adv.  mgr.;  E.  W.  Reitzel,  pur. 
agent. 

GOTTSCHO,  ADOLPH  INC. 

190  Duane  Street 

New  York    13,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Adolph  Gortscho,  pres.:  Ira 

Gottscho,  secy. 


GRAHAM.  CROWLEY  &  ASSOC. 
407  South  Dearborn  Street 
Chicago  5.  III. 

Branch  Office:  473  York  Road,  Jenkin- 
town,  Pa. 

Personnel:  Dr.  C.  A.  Crowley,  Chicago, 
i  Dr.  A.  K.  Graham,  Jenkintown,  part- 
ner*. 

GRANBY  MFG.  CO. 
Granby,  Quebec,  Can. 
Personnel:  N.  E.  Clouston.  owner. 

GRAYHILL 

I  North  Pulaski  Road 

Chicago  24.  III. 

Plant:  561   Hillgrove  Ave.,  la  Grange. 

Personnel:  Ralph  M.  Hill  &  Gordon  E. 

Gray,   partners;  Arnold   Wassell,  supt. 

plastics  div. 

GREAT  AMERICAN  COLOR  CO. 

2512  West  Ninth  Street 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

GREAT  LAKES  PLASTICS 

1950  W.  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

GREAVES  MACHINE  TOOL  CO. 
2001-17  Eastern  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Personnel:  W.  H.  Greaves,  partner  I 
gen.  mgr.;  G.  B.  Greaves,  partner  & 
sales  mgr.;  W.  A.  Greaves  partner; 
W.  C.  Retzsch,  chief  engr.:  H.  Heinen, 
pur.  agent. 

GREENFIELD  TAP  &  DIE  CORP. 
Greenfield,  Mass. 
Branch  Offices:  ill  W.  Washington 
Blvd.,  Chicago;  5850  Second  Blvd.,  De- 
troit; 15  Warren  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  D.  G.  Millar,  pres.:  H.  L. 
Bill,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  J.  B.  Roys, 
secy.;  F.  A.  Yeaw,  treas.:  W.  J.  Eber- 
lein,  sales  mgr.;  O.  E.  Koehler,  chief 
engr.;  R.  C.  Helbig,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 
public  relations;  J.  W.  Harrington, 
pur.  agent;  E.  J.  Bryant,  dir.  research. 


GREENE.   FREDERICK  E. 
Westport,  Conn. 

GREENERD   ARBOR   PRESS  CO. 

41   Crown  Street 

Nashua.  N.  H. 

Personnel:  W.  L.  Martin,  pres.,  treat,  t 

Rin.    mgr.:    A.    S.    North,    vice-pres.; 
azel  B.  Martin,  secy.;   R.  E.   Loverin, 
sales  mgr.;  A.  E.  Chandler,  chief  engr. 

GREENHUT  INSULATION  CO. 
31  West  21st  Street 
New  York  10.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  James  Greenhut,  owner. 
GRIES  REPRODUCER  CORP. 
788  East  133rd  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

GRIFFIN  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 
1000   16th  Street 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Branch  Office:  Los  Angeles. 
GRIFFITHS.  K.  F.  A  CO. 
280  Madison  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 
Plant:   Brooklyn,   N.Y. 
Personnel:    M.    O.    Griffiths,    pres.    1 
secy.;    F.    W.    Griffiths,    vice-ores.    I 
treas.;  Emit  Goerner,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions. 

GRIGOLEIT  COMPANY.  THE 

740  East  North  Street 

Decatur  80.  III. 

Personnel:  J.  L.  Howie  Jr.,  pres. 

GROBET  FILE  CO.  OF  AMERICA 

421    Canal  Street 

New  York    13,   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago:  Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:   E.  A.   Grobet,   pres.;  Jean 

Robert,  adv.  mgr. 

GROOV-PIN    CORPORATION 
2017    Kerrigan   Ave. 
Union  City,  N.  J. 

Personnel:  E.  G.  Theurer,  pret.  qen. 
mgr.  &  treas.;  E.  Schniewind,  vice- 
pres.;  F.  O.  Becker,  secy.  &  pur.  agent; 
G.  W.  Bauerschaefer,  sales  mgr.;  F. 
W.  Braendel.  chief  engr. 


Cumberland  Scrap  grinding  machines  will  granu- 
late your  plastics  scrap  economically  and  effi- 
ciently. 

These  Machines  are  simple  in  design,  rugged  in 
construction  and  easy  to  dismantle  and  clean. 

Our  new  post-war  models,  now  available,  are 
the  most  modern  machines  of  this  type  obtain- 
able. The  four  sizes  available  provide  a  machine 
for  every  purpose. 

Send  for  complete  information. 


\ 


Cumberland    5'/j    Machine    Illustrated. 


CUmBERLRIlD   EHGinEERinG  CO 


P.  O.  BOX  216 


PROVIDENCE,  R.  I. 


MARCH   1945 


1'I.ASTICS 


287 


CHENYU  Make-Up  Com- 
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GROTELITE 

Injection  Moulded  PLASTICS 

Specialists  in  Thermo-Plastic  In- 
jection Moulding.  Send  your 
specifications  for  our  estimates. 
No  contract  too  large  for  our  fa- 
cilities and  "know  how." 


GROTELITE 
PRISMATIC 

REFLECTOR 


An  intricate  lens, 
injection  moulded 
by  Grotelite. 


GROTELITE  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY,  INC. 

BELLEVUE,  KENTUCKY 
Established  1922 

"PIONEERS  IN  PLASTICS" 


GROSFELD  HOUSE,  INC. 

320   East  47th  Street 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  646  N.  Wabash  Ave.. 
Chicago;  207  N.  Vermont  Ave.,  Los 
Angeles. 

Personnel:  Albert  Grosfeld,  pres.;  Da- 
vid Ancona,  trees.;  Leon  M.  Simmons, 
gen.  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research. 

GROTELITE  MFG.  CO..  INC. 

500  Lafayette  Avenue 

Bellevus.  Ky. 

Personnel:  Walter  F.  Grote,  pres.;  Carl 

Stuhlyreyer,    vice-pres.;     Mark    Grote, 

secy.  &  pur.  agent;  C.  D.  Ryder,  chief 

engr. 

GRUEN    &    KRUMMECK 
1424  North  Kings  Road 
Hollywood,  Calif. 

GRUEN,   ROBERT  ASSOCIATES 

509  Madison  Avenue 

New  York  22.  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Robert  Gruen   &   Miriam  L. 

Gruen,   partners. 

GULLIKSEN,  WM.  M.  MFG.  CO. 

Newton    Lower  Falls.   Mass. 
Personnel:    Wm.    M.    Gulliksen,    pres.; 
C.    F.   Wolfe,   secy.   &    pur.    agent;   C. 
Stromberg,  treas.;  Andrew  Doucet,  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  W.  Olson,  chief  engr. 

H.  &  A.  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
68  Water  Street 
Binghamton,   N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  100  Leroy  Ave.,  Buffalo, 
N.Y. 

Personnel:  Maurice  Horowitch,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Clarence  Aclley.  vice-pres.  & 
sales  mgr.;  Harold  Horowitz,  secy.; 
Alfred  A.  Reiser,  chief  engr.;  Irving 
Balbert,  mgr.  Binghamton;  Gilbert  M, 
Finlce,  mgr.  Buffalo. 

H-B  MACHINE  &  TOOL  CO. 

7113   Euclid  Avenue 
Cleveland,  Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  H.  Hill  &  Albert  Bell- 
shaw,  partners. 

HAAS  COMPANY,  THE 

Mendon.  Mich. 

Personnel:    Paul    C.    Haas,    owner;    C. 

Flach,   pur.   agent. 

HAFFLING,  E.  V.  COMPANY 

916  Connecticut  Avenue 

Bridgeport  7,  Conn. 

Personnel:  E.  V.  Haffling,  gen.  mgr. 

HALE  BROTHERS  LIMITED 

6230  Chambord  Street 
Montreal,  Quebec,  Can. 

Branch    Offices:    Toronto;    Winnipeg; 

Vancouver. 

Personnel:  John   H.   Hale.   pres..  chief 

engr.   &   dir.    plastics   research;   J.    H. 

McCready.  treas.;  F.  L.  Kirchner,  chief 

chemist. 

HALL,  C.  P.  COMPANY,  THE 

Akron,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Los  Angeles. 
Personnel:  C.  P.  Hall,  pres.;  R.  D.  Ab- 
bott &  A.  E.  Warner,  vice-pres.;  L.  G. 
Hummell,  secy.  &  treas.;  Dr.  J.  A. 
Baty,  tech.  dir. 

HALL.  FRANCES  GUSHING 

Westport  Mill 
Westport,  Conn. 

HALL,  PHILIP  L. 

52  West  13th  Street 
New  York  II,  N.Y. 

HALL  LINE  CORPORATION 

Highland  Mills,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Jerome  C.  Stanfield,   pres.; 
Howard  Gillings,  secy.  &  treas.;  Alfred 
Pass,   gen.    mgr. 

HALLWARD,  MICHAEL,  INC. 

58  Orchard  Road 
Swampscott,  Mass. 

HAMILL,  VIRGINIA 

415  Lexington  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

HAMMERMILL  PAPER  CO. 

Erie,  Penna. 

Personnel:    Maxamillian    A.    Krimmel, 

mgr.   plastics  dept. 


HAMMOND  MACHY.  BUILDERS 

1669  Douglas  Avenue 
Kalamazoo  54,  Mich. 
Branch  Office:  71  W.  23  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:    W.    C.    Hammond,    ch.    of 
bd.;  Lee  Hammond,  pres.;  H.  J.  Kings- 
bury,  chief  engr. 

HANCHETT  MFG.  CO. 

906  North  State 
Big   Rapids,   Mich. 

Personnel:  A.  K.  Hanchett,  pres.;  R.  V. 
Hanchett,  vice-pres.;  L.  B.  Hanchett, 
secy.  &  pur  agent;  C.  J.  Wilson,  gen. 
mgr.;  E.  B.  Gardner,  sales  mgr.;  Fred 
Scnawb,  chief  engr.;  J.  F.  Manting, 
adv.  mgr. 

HANNIFIN  MFG.  COMPANY 

621  South  Kolmar  Avenue 
Chicago  24,  III. 

Personnel:  V.  W.  Peterson,  pres.;  H.  H. 
Adams  &  E.  G.  Peterson,  vice  pres.; 
O.  T.  Ericson,  chief  engr.;  H.  H. 
Adams,  sales  mgr.;  George  Herrmann, 
pur.  agent. 

HANSON-VAN  WINKLE-MUN- 
NING  COMPANY 

Church  Street 
Matawan,   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  2920  Carroll  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago; 2842  W.  Grand  Blvd.,  Detroit; 
30  Church  St.,  New  York;  Oliver  Bldg., 
Pittsburgh;  20997  Morewood  Pkwy., 
Rocky  River,  Ohio;  The  Philadelphia 
BOLHM.  4th  &  Ranstead  Sts.,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Personnel:  Van  Winkle  Todd,  pres.; 
Guerin  Todd,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
engr.;  Louis  M.  Hague,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  sales;  Nelson  Todd,  secy.;  N.  A. 
Munning,  asst.  treas.;  John  A.  Bauer, 
asst.  sales  mgr.;  O.  S.  Tyson  &  Co., 
Inc.,  230  Park  Ave.,  New  York,  adv.; 
Robert  J.  Malkmus,  pur.  agent. 

HARBOR  PLYWOOD  CORP. 

Hoquiam,  Wash. 

Branch  Offices:  S50  Glenn  St.  S.W., 
Atlanta;  1444  W.  Cermak  Rd.,  Chicago; 
2335  Market  St.,  Jacksonville,  Fta.; 
3627  N.E.  First  Court,  Miami;  540  Tenth 
St.,  San  Francisco;  P.O.  Box  2168, 
Tampa;  E.  W.  Camp  Plywood  Co., 
Commerce  at  Plum  St.,  Cincinnati,  & 
1001  E.  New  York  St.,  Indianapolis; 
Geo.  E.  Ream  Co.,  235  S.  Alameda 
St.,  Los  Angeles. 

Engineering     Service     Office:     35     E. 
Wacker   Drive,   Chicago. 
Personnel:  E.  W.  Daniels,  pres.;  M.  M. 
Pattison.  secy.;  Jack   R.    Rehm,  treas.; 
M.  S.  Munson,  trade  promotion  mgr. 

HARCO  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

3129  West  Lake  Street 

Chicago  12.  III. 

Personnel:    K.    R.    Shadek,    gen.    sales 

mgr. 

HARDESTY  CHEMICAL  CO. 

41    East  42nd  Street 
New  York   17,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  S.  J.  Cohen,  pros.;  H.  M. 
Abbott,  vice-pres.;  R.  T.  Heilpern, 
secy.;  F.  R.  Cantzlaar,  treas. 

HARDINGE  BROTHERS,  INC. 
Elmira,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  544  W.  Washington 
Blvd.,  Chicago;  4460  Cass  Ave.,  De- 
troit; 269  Lafayette  St.,  New  York;  138 
State  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y.;  7  S.  Main 
St.,  West  Hartford.  Conn. 
Personnel:  D.  G.  Anderson,  pres.;  D. 
R.  Laux,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales  & 
adv.  mgr.;  L.  R.  Evans,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  engr.;  W.  H.  MandeviMej  secy.; 
A.  F.  Fischer,  treas.;  A.  Daddona, 
chief  engr.;  J.  S.  Netth.  pur.  agent. 

HARPER  ELEC.  FURNACE  CORP. 

Niagara   Falls,   N.Y. 

HARRIS  CALORIFIC  COMPANY 

5501    Cass  Avenue,   N.W. 

Cleveland   2,   Ohio 

Personnel:      Lorn      Campbell,      pres.; 

George    Carter,    vice-pres. ;    John     R. 

Milligan,  secy.  &  treas.;  D.  C.  Shilling, 

chief    engr.;    W.    F.    Wadsworth,    pur. 

agent. 

HARSHAW  CHEMICAL  CO. 

1945  East  97th  Street 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 


288 


t»r.  A 


MARCH   1945 


HARSON  MFG.  CO. 
264  Canal  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 
Personnel:    Harry    Densan, 

HART.  JAMES  M. 
8226  Poe  Street 
Detroit,  Mich. 


HART  MOISTURE  GAUGES 
126  Liberty  Street 
New  York  6.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  H.  H.  St.  Clair.  pres.;  Ed- 
ward Pious,  vice-pros.;  Elexander  Lo- 
bart.  treat. 

HARVEY,  GUY  P. 
Leominster,  Massachusetts 

HARVEY  MACHINE  CO.,  INC. 
6200  Avalon  Blvd. 
Los  Angeles  3,  Calif. 

•ranch  Office:  1401  W.  17th  St.,  Long 
leach.  Calif. 

Personnel:  Leo  M.  Harvey,  pres.;  Law- 
rence A.  Harvey,  exec,  vice  pres.;  Her- 
bert Harvey,  gen.  mgr.;  E.  W.  Forrow. 
sales  mgr.;  Joe  Gannon,  chief  engr.; 
Ed  Krentiman,  pur.  agent;  Jacob 
Rosenblatt,  comptroller. 

HASKELITE  MFG.  CORP. 
Grand  Rapids  2,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Cleveland; 
Detroit;  New  York;  St.  Louis. 

fenonnel:  G.  R.  Meyercord  Jr.,  pres.; 
V.  S.  Barnes,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
F.  M.  Curran,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
John  Harrington,  secy.;  G.  H.  Redlin. 
trees.;  J.  A.  Potchen,  chief  engr.;  J.  H. 
Tigelaar.  dir.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist;  C.  R.  Moss,  adv.  mgr.;  B.  J. 
Werk,  pur.  agent. 

HASKINS.  R.  G..  CO. 

615  South  California  Avenue 

Chicago  12,  III. 

Personnel:  E.  P.  Grismer,  partner  1 
sales  mgr.;  R.  G.  Haskins,  partner;  H. 
Goldberg,  chief  engr.;  R.  H.  Keough, 
adv.  mgr.;  8.  G.  Lund,*  pur.  agent. 


HASSALL.  JOHN  INC. 
Clay  &  Oakland  Streets 
Brooklyn  22.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  T.  8.  Smith,  pres.;  W.  W. 
Smith,  secy.;  E.  F.  Kernes,  adv.  mgr. 

HAVEG  CORPORATION 
Newark,  Dela. 

•ranch  Offices:  Chicago;  Cleveland; 
Los  Angela*. 

Personnel:  J.  P.  Wright,  pres.;  J.  F 
Anderson,  vice-pres.;  C.  H.  Hopkins 
trees.;  I.  N.  Morrison,  gen.  mgr.;  C.  R 
Runk.  sales  mgr.;  Wm.  U.  Reybold  Jr. 
chief  engr.;  P.  L.  McWhorter  Jr..  dir 
plastics  research;  N.  W.  Sieber.  adv 
mgr.;  F.  A.  Cain,  pur.  agent. 

HAWLEY  PRODUCTS  CO. 

St.  Charles,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  8.  Hawley.  pres.;  A.  P. 
Aterlund  &  F.  8.  Lent,  vice-pres.;  J.  W. 
Fraser,  secy.;  Or.  J.  C.  Williams,  dir. 
plastics  research;  Geo.  W.  Blum,  chief 
chemist;  H.  L.  Breinig,  pur.  agent. 

HENRY  &  WRIGHT  MFG.  CO. 
760  Windsor  Street 
1  Hartford,  Conn. 

Personnel:  F.  K.  Simmons,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  C.  F.  Sherman,  v'ce-pres.  in 
charge  tales;  H.  H.  Milliard,  trees.; 
E.  Marchone,  chief  engr. 

HERCULES   POWDER  CO. 
Wilmington  99.  Del. 

Iranch  Offices:  Allentown,  Pa.;  At- 
lanta; Birmingham,  Ala.;  Boston:  Char- 
lotte, N.C.;  Chicago;  Cleveland;  Den- 
ver: Detroit;  Duluth;  Hazelton,  Pa.; 
Holyoke,  Mass.;  Joplm,  Mo.;  Kalama- 
too;  Lot  Angeles;  Marrero,  La.;  Mil- 
waukee; New  York;  Pittsburgh;  Port- 
land. Ore.;  St.  Louis:  Salt  Lake  City; 
Sea  Francisco;  Savannah,  Ga.;  Wilkes- 
Berre,  Pa. 


HERESITE  4  CHEMICAL  CO. 

822  South   14th  Street 
Manitowoc.  Wis. 

Personnel:  Cherles  H.  Hempel.  pres.  1 
gen.  mgr.;  Armin  L  Piti.  vice-pres.: 
William  F.  Schnorr,  secy.  A  trees.;  Earl 
W.  Hough,  tales  mgr.;  Marcel  G. 
Rademecher,  chief  chemist;  Henry  K. 
Wernecke,  pur.  egent. 

HERMANSON.  WILLIAM  A. 

25  Huntington  Avenue 

Boston  16,  Mass. 

Personnel:  William  A.  Hermanson,  tech. 

dir.;  Joseph  L  Hermanson,  sales  mgr. 

HERMANT,  PERCY  LIMITED 
21   Dundas  Square 
Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Branch  Office:  IM  King  St.  E.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Percy  Hermant.  prej.;  Cyril 
Fuller,  gen.  mgr.;   Richard  Armstrong, 
supt.   tool    room;  J.    B.    Farrell,   mgr. 
plastio  div. 

HERSCHEL  ENGR.  &  SUPPLY 

512  South  Delaware  Avenue 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 

Personnel:  A.  Herschel,  owner;  F.  G. 
Chapman,  mgr. 

HEYDEN  CHEMICAL  CORP. 
393  Seventh  Avenue 
New  York  I.  N.Y. 

•ranch  Office:  180  N.  Wacker  Drive. 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  B.  R.  Armour,  pres.;  J.  P. 
Remensnyder,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Or.  R.  W.  Harris,  vice-pres.;  F.  William 
Weckman,  secy.;  G.  B.  Schwab,  treas.; 
S.  Askin.  dir.  public  relations;  R.  P. 
Gould,  pur.  agent. 

HEYMAN  COMPANY 

Automatic  Machinery  Division 
145  Hudson  Street 
New  York  13.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  H.  Vallen.  sales  mgr. 

HICKMAN.  ROYAL  INDUSTRIES 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

HIGGINS  PLASTICS  CORP. 
P.  O.  Box   1070 
New  Orleans  4,  La. 
Personnel:  A.  J.   Higgins,   pres. 

HISEY-WOLF  MACH.  CO.,  THE 

2745    Colerain    Avenue 
Cincinnati  25,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Louis  Goldsmith,  owner  a 
gen.  mgr.;  Cliff  J.  Henefelt,  chief 
engr.;  George  Moerlein.  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  Harry  A.  Gelman,  pur.  agent. 

HISGEN  MACH.  TOOL  WKS. 

2047  West  94th  Street 

Los  Angeles  44.  Calif. 

Plant:  4M  E.  S8th  St..  Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:  John  Hisgen,  owner. 

HJORTH  LATHE  &  TOOL  CO. 
8-12  Beacon  Street 
Woburn,   Mass. 

Personnel:  Henrick  J.  Hjorth,  owner; 
George  P.  Swift,  metallurgist. 

HOBBS  GLASS  LIMITED 

London,  Ontario,  Can. 

•ranch  Offices:  Brantford,  Ont.;  Ham- 
ilton. Ont.;  Montreal:  Moose  Jaw, 
Sesk.;  Ottawa;  Quebec  City;  Saskatoon. 
Sask.;  Toronto;  Vancouver;  Victoria- 
Windsor;  Winnipeg. 

Personnel:  C.  F.  Wood,  pres.-  W.  D. 
Davidson,  vice-pres.;  L.  W.  Sipherd, 
trees.;  F.  W.  P.  Jones,  dir.  in  charge 
sales;  Howard  Yates,  sales  mgr.  plas- 
tics div. 

HOCKADAY  AIRCRAFT  CORP. 
60  East  Orange  Grove 
Burbank,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Noel  ft.  Hocladey,  pres.  t 
gen.  mgr.j  R.  I.  Hockaday,  secy.  It 
trees.;  A.  W.  Swenson,  sales  mgr.;  H. 
Statlin,  chief  engr. 

HODGES.  GUY  WM  INC. 
331   Madison  Avenue 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 


ft 


RIVETS 

BY  M I L  F  O  R  D 


Up  lo  5/16*  shank  diameter 
and  2*  long. 


Solid,  Tubular.  Split.  Collared. 
Shouldered. 

MATERIALS  and  FINISHES : 
All    Suitable    Metal*    and    in 
various  lim.hr>. 

SHAPES: 

Standard  and  Special  Head 
Shapes  and  Sixes. 

ALSO 

COLD   HEADED 

SPECIALTIES 

Knurled,  threaded,  grooved, 
tapered,  pointed,  drilled, 
tapped,  slotted. 


STANDARD  MACHINE  SCREWS 

SLOTTED  HEADS  UP  TO  5/1 4"— 18  THREAD 

Standard  Phillips  recessed  head  screws  for  a  better 
job  up  to  5/16" — 18  thread. 

Threaded  specialties  to  your  own  specifications. 

Send  us  blue  prints  for  quotation,  without  obliga- 
tion. 

SCREW  MACHINE  PRODUCTS 

For  Siioi  Cut  from  tar  Stock  »f  to   I'  •"  Dfo. 

We  are  equipped  to  produce  parts  complete  to  your 
specifications.  Including  cross  drilling,  dotting,  mill- 
Ing,  stamping,  polishing,  etc. 

Our  precision  methods  assure  you  dependable  parts. 


RIVET  SETTING 
MACHINES 

Single  and  multiple 
spindle  machines  for  set- 
ting riveh  up  to  3/16" 
shank  diameter.  Send 
samples  of  work  to  be 
riveted  to  insure  correct 
recommendation  of  rivets 
and  equipment. 


IMILFORD 

RIVET&  MACHINE  CO. 


I AITIIN    IIVI1IOK     -     (IDTItt  llVIIIOh 

MILFORDCONN.*  ELYRIAOHIO. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


Now  available  in  many 

beautiful  colors  and 

for  entry  purpose. 


There  is  only  one  plastic 
-CELLO- PLASTIC. 
Do  not  accept  substitutes. 


Cello-plastic 


Brings  New  Colorful  Beauty  and  Durable  Protection  to 
FLOORS  *  WOODWORK  *  WALLS  *  EXTERIORS 


Plastic  is  now  prepared  in 
liquid  paint  form  for  use  in 
home,  office,  store  and  factory. 
This  has  come  about  through 
the  formulation  of  synthetic 
resins  with  specially  processed 


oils  combined  with  the  finest 
paint  pigments.  A  Cello-Plastic 
product  is  available  for  almost 
any  type  of  finish  or  surface. 
Does  not  chip  or  crack! 


BRILLIANT*  SMOOTH  *  TOUGH  *  DURABLE 

Cf\D    El  f>nDC  Cello-Plastic  (transparent)  is  a  non-skid  plastic 
rV"v    ri»WHi»  finis(,  for  an.  types  of  floors.  Outwears  wax 

200  to  1.  This  amazing  new  treatment  gives  floors  a  "cellophane-like"  Plastic 
finish.  Eliminates  pores  that  absorb  dirt,  thus  making  floors  easy  to  clean. 
Ideal  for  all  surfaces  including  wood,  concrete,  linoleum,  asphalt,  tile,  rubber, 
composition,  etc.  Eliminates  waxing  and  poliibatf.  Unexcelled  for  marine  use. 

C  V  T  C  P  I  O  D  This  modern  finish  is  a  severely  tested  product 
™  ^*  •«••%•  \J  W\.  ^at  surpasses  old  fashioned  type  house  paints. 
Pigmented  with  Titanium  Dioxide,  the  whitest  and  best  covering  pigment, 
combined  with  kettle  processed  linseed  oils  and  plastic  resins,  it  makes  a  rich, 
colorful,  lasting  coating.  Makes  homes  and  buildings  outstanding.  For  use  on 
wood,  stucco,  brick  or  shingle. 

Brings  newglamour  into  homes — protects  floors 
woodwork,  furniture,  etc.,  with  its  long-lasting, 

"cellophane-like"  Plastic  finish.  Easy  to  apply— flows  smoothly— leaves  no 

brush  marks — self  leveling. 


INTERIOR 


Product  liability  underwritten  by  one  of  America's 
largest  insurance  companies. 


CELLO-PLASTIC  CHEMICAL  CO. 

PARK   BLDG.,   PITTSBURGH   11,   PA. 


HODGMAN  RUBBER  COMPANY 

Framingham,  Mass. 
Branch   Offices:    173   W.    Madison    St.. 
Chicago;   261    Fifth    Ave.,    New    York; 
121   Second   St.,   San   Francisco. 
Personnel:  A.   H.  Wechsler,  pres.-  Max 
I.  Woythaler,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  C.  M. 
Davidson  &  C.  W.   Hewlett,  sales  mgr.; 
J.  L.  Haas.  dir.  plastics  research;  Her- 
bert Bremner,  pur.  agent. 

HOFFMANN  MFG.  CO. 

62  West  47th  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Max  Hoffmann,  owner;  Wil- 
liam T.  Korn,  gen.  mgr. 

HOLDENLINE  CO. 
I960  E.  57th 
Cleveland  3,  Ohio 

HOLE  ENGNG.  SERVICE 

13722   Linwood  Avenue 
Detroit  6,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Harry  C.  Satterthwaite,  own- 
er &  mgr.;  O.  G.  Tweddell,  sales  mgr.; 
E.  T.  Barringer,  chief  engr.;  E.  W. 
Lemon,  pur.  agent. 

HOLM'S  MFG.  COMPANY 
1303  35th  Straet 
Kenosha,  Wi$. 

Personnel:  J.  H.  Holm,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  C.  Holm,  vice-pres.;  L.  E. 
Holm,  secy.  &  chief  engr.;  R.  P.  Cava- 
nagh,  treas.;  J.  H.  Holm,  sales  mgr.; 
R.  V.  Anderson,  pur.  agent;  C.  G.  Let- 
som,  controller. 

HOMAN,  LOUIS  J. 

519  Livingston  Street 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Louis  J.   Homan,  owner. 

HOOD  RUBBER  COMPANY 
Division  B.  F.  Go»drich  Co. 
Nichols  Avenue 
Watertown,    Mass. 
Personnel:   C.    Lawrence    Munch,    pres.; 
R.   H.   Blanchard,  vice-pres.;  Alden  C. 
Brett,  iecy.  &  treas.;  John  C.  MacKin- 
non, sales  mgr.;   F.   B.  Galaher,  chief 
•ngr.;  Alfred  A.  Glidden,  dir.  plastics 
research;      Nelson      E.     Tousley.     chief 
chemist;  Paul   N.  Swaffield,  adv.  mgr. 
&     dir.     public     relations;     Ralph     B. 
Woodbury,  pur.  agent. 

HOOKER  ELECTROCHEMICAL 

4745  Buffalo  Avenue 
Niagara  Falls.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  60  E.  42nd  St.,  Mew 
York;  Tacoma,  Wain. 
Personnel:  H.  M.  Hooker,  pres  •  E.  R. 
Bartlett.  exec,  vice-pres.;  R.  W.  Hooker, 
vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.:  R.  L.  Murray, 
vice-pres.  in  charge  development  &  re- 
search; A.  Wilcox  II,  secy.;  J.  E.  Bart- 
lett. treas. ;  B.  Klaussen,  works  mgr.; 
T.  L.  B.  Lyster,  chief  engr.;  D.  Meek, 
pur.  agent. 

HOOSICK  ENGNG.  CO. 
Hoosick   Falls,   N.Y. 
Plant:   Cambridge,    N.Y. 

HOOSIER  CARDINAL  CORP. 

601   West  Eichel  Avenue 
Evansville  7,  !nd. 

Personnel:  T.  J.  Morton  Jr.,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  C.  Nelson  Smith,  vice-pres.; 
C.  A.  Bauer,  vice-pres.  &  dir.  plastics 
research;  T.  J.  Morton  Sr.,  treas.;  W. 
R.  Harrell.  dir.  public  relations;  W.  D. 
Howe,  pur.  agent. 

HOOVER  COMPANY,  THE 

North  Canton,  Ohio 

HOPP  PRESS,  INC.,  THE 

460  West  34th  Street 
New  York  I,  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Hermann   Hopp,   pres.;   Leo 
Hopp,    secy.    &    treas.;    Philip    Hopp, 
gen.  mgr.;  George  Hopp,  dlr.  plastics 
research    &    prod,    mgr.;    Estelle    Mail- 
man, adv.  mgr.;   Melvin    Redden,   pur. 
agent. 

HORNUNG,  CLARENCE  P. 

23  West  47th  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

|  HOUSE  OF  PLASTICS 

1720  Euclid  Avenue 
I  Cleveland    15,  Ohio 

Personnel:   Jay   Tyson   &    Elmer   Krizek, 

partners. 


HOWARD  PLASTICS,  INC. 

2600  Grand  Avenue 
Kansas  City  8,  Mo. 

Personnel:  T.  W.  Keller,  pres  •  D  L 
Keller,  secy.  &  treas.;  J.  D.  tribble. 
gen.  mgr.;  R.  Maynes,  pur.  agent. 

HOWE  SCALE  COMPANY,  THE 
Rutland,  Vt. 

Branch  Offices:  R.  J.  Tatum  523  White- 
hall St.  S.W.,  Atlanta;  J.  A.  Shields  40 
Purchase  St..  Boston;  T.  H.  Skinner 
282  Grant  St.,  Buffalo.  N.Y.;  E.  V. 
Syrcher,  1325  S.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago- 
W.  J.  Brennen.  112  W.  Court  St.,  Cin- 
cinnati; A.  Lichvar,  1251  W.  Third  St 
Cleveland;  G.  E.  Pipgott,  1809  Balti- 
more Ave.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.'  R  B 
Holt,  1327  E.  Eighth  St.,  Los  Angeles- 
W.  H.  Leland,  H  N.  Hollywood  Ave.' 

E.  Orange,    N.J.;   C.    C.    Romig,    728 
Camp    St.,    New   Orleans-    W.    H      Ru- 
dolph, 76  Ninth  Ave.,  New  York-  F    J 
Hand,    101 1    Filbert    St.,    Philadelphia- 

F.  L.    Regies,   3001    N.    Broadway     St. 
Louis    Mo.;  D.  W.  Steidley,   118  Fourth 
St.,   San    Francisco;   G.  A.   Krier,   3222 
Western  Ave.,  Seattle. 

Personnel:  F.  G.  Riehl,  pres.;  L.  J. 
Colenback,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  R. 
F.  Straw,  vice  pres.;  Harold  McK. 
Dodge,  secy.  &  treas.;  T.  A.  Yager, 
chief  engr.;  O.  T.  Baxter,  adv.  mgr. 
&  dir.  of  public  relations;  Nina  Gron, 
pur.  agent. 

HUGHES-AUTOGRAF  BRUSH 

500  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  18,  N.Y. 

Branch    Offices:    Cohoes,    N.Y.;    Troy, 
N.Y.;  Watervliet,   N.Y. 
Personnel:    Ralph    H.   Goldman,    pres.; 
Milton  W.  Alexander,  vice-pres. 

HULL  IRON  &  STEEL  FOUN- 
DRIES LTD. 

Plastics  Division 
207  Montcalm  Street 
Hull,  Quebec,  Can. 
Personnel:   H.   P.  Coplan,   pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  O.  Pullan,  secy.   &   treas.;  J.   R. 
Booth,  sales  mgr.;  S.  C.  Moseley,  chief 
engr.;  W.  Rabinovitch,  dir.  plastics  re- 
search;  I.  V.  Steinberg,  chief  chemist- 
R.  Bedard,  dir.  public  relations;   E.  U. 
Rochefort,  pur.  agent. 

HUMMEL  CHEMICAL  CO. 

90  West  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

HUMMEL-ROSS  FIBRE  CORP. 
Hopewell,  Va. 

Personnel:   Fred   Hummel,   pres.   &  dir. 

Eublic  relations;  J.  W.  Sale,  vice-pres. 
gen.  mgr.;  L.  R.  Boswell.  vice-pres. 
&  sales  mgr.;  J.  L.  Litz,  secy.  &  treas.; 
Homer  Vernon,  chief  engr.;  H.  E.  Read, 
dir.  plastics  research;  G.  R.  Tennent, 
chief  chemist;  T.  M.  Smith,  pur.  agent. 

HURLBUT  PAPER  COMPANY 

South  Lee,  Mass. 
Personnel:  E.  A.  Sitzer,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  N.  J.  Cowie,  vice-pres.  &  secy.; 
Mariorie  Stalker,  asst.  treas.;  Dr.  J.  E. 
Minor,  chief  chemist;  David  Bowers, 
pur.  agent. 

HYCHEX  PRODUCTS 

3935  West  Irving  Park  Road 
Chicago  18,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  T.  Milgrom  &  W.  J. 
Heuboski,  partners. 

HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO. 

Mount  Gilead,  Ohio 
Branch  Offices:  201   N.  Wells  St.,  Chi- 
cago;   Hanna    Bldg..    Cleveland;   2842 
W.    Grand    Blvd..    Detroit;    500    Fifth 
Ave.,  New  York;  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:    H.    F.    MacMillin,    pres.    & 
gen.   mgr.;   P.   C.   Pocock,   exec,  vice- 

B-es.;  W.  C.  Batchelor,  secy.  &  treas.; 
.  J.  Miller,  gen.  sales  mgr.;  P.  J. 
Lindner,  chief  engr.;  B.  D.  Ashbaugh, 
chief  engr.;  R.  W.  Powell,  adv.  mgr.; 
A.  L.  Boggs.  pur.  agent;  G.  P.  Ander- 
son, dir.  plastics  mach.  div. 
Representatives:  AM  principal  cities. 

HYDROPACK 

5717  South  Hoover 
Los  Angeles  37,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Clarence  Pool,  owner;  M.  D. 
Wells,  sales  mgr.;  Walter  Garden,  chief 
engr.;  Hale  Stoddard,  chief  inspector; 
Elwin  Pool,  works  mgr. 


290 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


IANNELLI  STUDIOS 

255  North  Northwest  Highway 

Park  Ridge.  III. 

Personnel:    Alfonto    lannelli,    chief   of 

studio. 

IDEAL  COMMUTATOR  DRESSER 

Park  and   Borden  Avenues 
Sycamore,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  400  W.  Jackson  Blvd., 
Chicago:  4432  Can  Ave.,  Detroit;  61 

E.  llth    St.,    New   York;    Fulton    Bldg.. 
Pitts  burgh. 

Pafionnal:  J.  W.  Becker,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  B.  E.  Holub,  Mies  mgr.  &  dir. 
war  projects. 

IDEAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 
23-10  43rd  Avenue 
Long  Island  City,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  David  Rosenstein,  pres.;  Ben- 
jamin F.  Michtom,  vice-ores.;  Dr.  Jos. 
5.  Michtom,  secy.;  A.  M.  Katj,  trees.; 
Louis   C.   Wolfson.    gen.   sales   &    adv. 
mgr.,  dir.  public  relations  &  pur.  agent. 

ILLINI  MOLDED  PLASTICS 

Hinsdale.  III. 

Personnel:  R.  M.  Radl,  owner  &  chief 
•ngr.;  H.  Bartlett,  secy.  &  trees.;  C. 
Lennox,  chief  chemist. 

ILL.  TESTINGS  LABS.,  INC. 

420  N.  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  10,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  A.  Obermaier,  pres.;  M. 

J.    Rauscher,    secy.    &    sales    mgr.;    E. 

Obermaier,   treas.;    M.    Franklin,   gen. 

mgr.;  John  M.  Lajka,  pur.  agent. 

ILLINOIS  TOOL  WORKS 
2501   North  Keeler  Avenue 
Chicago  39.  III. 

Personnel:  Harold  Byron  Smith,  pres.  & 
treas.;  C.  L.  Johnson,  vice-ores.  &  secy. 

F.  W.  England,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr. 
Fred   Bohle.  chief  engr.;   R.   M.  Wall, 
adv.    mgr.;   W.    R.   Smith,   pur.   agent 
Dr.  Eugene  Mittlemann,  dir.  electronic 
research. 


IMPERIAL  BRASS  MFG.  CO. 
1200  W.  Harrison  Street 
Chicago  7,  III. 

Personnel:  F.  McNellis.  pres.  ft  (real.; 
A.  Dobrick,  vice  pres.  ft  secy.;  C.  H. 
Benson,  sales  mgr.  jobbing  div.;  R.  D. 
Mclntosh.  chief  engr.;  E.  f.  Todd,  adv. 
mgr.;  W.  B.  Burnet,  pur.  agent. 

IMPERIAL  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 
292S  West  Harrison  Street 
Chicago  12.  III. 

Personnel:  L.  H.  Amrine,  pres.,  gen.  & 
sales  mgr.  &  chief  chemist;  J.  T.  Green- 
lee,  secy.;  Frank  McNellis,  treas.;  R.  E. 
O'Neill,  chief  engr.;  E.  Todd,  adv. 
mgr.;  G.  J.  Schmidt,  pur.  agent. 

IMPRESSION  DIE  COMPANY 
4672  Bellevue 
Detroit.  Mich. 

IMPROVED  PAPER  MACHINERY 

Plastic  Molding  Machinery  Div. 
Nashua,  N.H. 

Branch  Office.  441  Lexington  Ave.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  Walter  L.  Barker,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Edward  R.  Knowles,  sales  mgr. 

INCELOID  CO..  INC. 
8131  Oleander  Street 
New  Orleans  18,  Louisiana 

Subsidiary:  American  Products  Mfg. 
Co. 

Personnel:  Harold  A.  Levey,  pres.;  Ne- 
ville Levy,  vice-pres.;  Walter  Hamlin, 
secy.  ft  treas. 

INDEPENDENT  PNUEMATIC 
TOOL  COMPANY 

600  West  Jackson  Boulevard 
Chicago  6,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  1411  Third  Ave..  Birm- 
ingham, Ala.;  78  Brookline  Ave.,  Bos- 


ton; Genesee  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  1740 
E.  12th  St.,  Cleveland:  15405  Woodrow 
Wilson,  Detroit;  6200  E.  Slauson  Ave., 
Los  Angeles;  2437  W.  Clybourn.  Mil- 
waukee; 330  W.  42nd  St.,  New  York; 
1701  Fa'rmount  Ave..  Philadelphia;  Wa- 
bash  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  54  E.  Fourth 
St.,  Salt  Lake  City;  315  W.  Van  Ness 
Ave.,  San  Francisco;  4044  Forest  Park 
Blvd.,  St.  Louis:  1741  First  Ave.  S.. 
Seattle;  32  Front  St.  W.,  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Neil  C.  Burley  Jr.,  pres.;  W. 
A.  Nugent,  vice-pres.  t  sales  mgr.;  E. 
R.  Wyler,  vice-pres.;  John  A.  McGuire, 
secy.;  E.  C.  Gustation,  treas.;  E.  Haas, 
gen.  mgr.;  W.  6.  Mitchell,  chief  engr.; 
C.  N.  Kirchner.  adv.  mgr.;  L.  Tess,  pur. 
agent;  G.  Larson,  chief  designer;  F. 
Clausen,  gen.  supt.;  N.  Huberty,  gen. 
foreman;  r.  Petletier.  mgr.  prod,  con- 
trol. 

INDUCTION  HEATING  CORP. 
389  Lafayette  Street 
Now  York  3.  N.Y. 
Personnel:   E.  S.  Goodridge,   pres.;   D. 
G.  Osterer.  secy.   &  dir.   public   rela- 
tions; J.  W.  Cable,  sales  ft  adv.  mgr.; 
W.    C.    Rudd,   chief  engr.;   H.   Berger, 
pur.  agent. 

INDUSTRIAL  ARTS.  INC. 

660  West  Grand  Avenue 
Chicago,   III. 

Personnel:  Lenard  Scheff,  pres.;  Frank 
Brock,  vice-pres.;  James  Zacharias, 
secy.;  Zelda  Scheff,  treas. 

INDUSTRIAL  CONVERSIONS 

101  Park  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Leonard  Weiss,  consultant. 

INDUSTRIAL  EQUIPMENT  CO. 

873  Broad  Street 

Newark  2,  N.J. 

Personnel:  H.  M.  Newman,  owner. 


INDUSTRIAL  FABRICATORS 

1 890  Carter  Road. 

Cleveland   13,  Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  C.  Klumph,   pres.;   F.  T. 

McGuire  Jr.,  secy.;  A.  A.  Ladon,  treas.. 

gen.  t  sales  mgr.;  H.  W.  Wiley,  chief 

engr.;  P.  Sedivy,  estimator. 

INDUSTRIAL  MOLDED  PROD. 
2035  West  Charleston  Street 
Chicago.  III. 

Personnel:  Hugo  S.  Erickson,  partner  ft 
gen.  mgr.;  Carl  Benson,  partner  ft 
chief  engr.;  Ted  Friberg,  plant  mgr.; 
A.  N.  Jensen,  supt. 

INDUSTRIAL  PLASTICS 

15  East  40th  Street 

New  York  16,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Arthur    Gould,    treas.;    H. 

Brown,   gen.    mgr.;    B.    F.   Allen,    pur. 

agent. 

INDUSTRIAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 
206  Fairfield  Road 
Caldwell  Township,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Daniel  Buchanan,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Julia  Buchanan,  secy.;  Ber- 
nard Fuller,  treas. 

INDUSTRIAL   PLASTICS   CORP. 

161   West  Wisconsin  Avenue 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Branch  Office:  2733  S.  94th  St.,  West 
Allis,  Wii. 

Personnel:  George  D.  Nichols,  pres., 
treas.,  gen.  &  adv.  mgr.;  L.  Ralph  Hoi- 
stein,  vice-pres. 

INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTS  SUP- 
PLIERS 
2  Broadway 
New  York  4.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Manfred  Katzenstein,  partner 
&  adv.  mgr.;  Harry  Levi,  partner;  Lil- 
lian Lett,  secy. 


J 

Synvar-ol 


Liquid  Urea-formaldehyde  Resins 

For 

Plywood,  paper,  textiles 
(Bonding,  beater  application,  lamination) 

Liquid  Phenol-formaldehyde  Resins 

For 

Plywood,   paper,  textiles,   brake-lining 
(Bonding.  Impregnating,  laminating,  molding) 

Urea-formaldehyde  resins  In  powder  form 

For 

Plywood,  paper,  textiles 
(Bonding,   tiling,   adheslvesl 

Phenol-formaldehyde  resins  In  powder  or  limp  for 

For 

Plywood,  brake-lining 
(lending,  molding) 

Thermo-Plastle  Resins 

For 

Paper,  textiles,  rubber 
(Adheslves.  coating,  laminating) 


WILMINGTON     99,      DELAWARE 


MARCH  1945 


I'l    \»  I  l<   * 


291 


INDUSTRIAL  SCREW  &  SUPPLY 

188  N.  Union  Street 

Chicago  6,   III. 

Branch  Offices:  Los  Angeles;  New  York. 

Personnel:  J.  Rocklin,  pres.;  B.  Shepro. 

gen.    mgr.;    Ray    Lindahl,    dir.   sales   &' 

adv.  mgr. 

INDUSTRIAL  SPECIALTIES,  INC. 

140  West  22nd  Street 

New  York  II,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  L.  Werner,  pres.;  W.  H. 

Parrel!,  secy.  &  treas. 

INDUSTRIAL  SYNTH.  CORP. 

60  Woolsey  Street 

Irvington,   NJ. 

Personnel:    Albert    A.    Kaufman,    gen. 

mgr. 

INDUSTRIAL  TAPE  CORP. 

New  Brunswick,  N.J. 
Iranch  Offices:  G.  P.  Whitman  Jr., 
Marietta  St.  Bldg..  Atlanta;  E.  H. 
Downey.  Park  Sq.  Bldg.,  Boston;  J.  B. 
Mclaughlin,  Tribune  Tower,  Chicago; 
R.  T.  Hamilton,  Union  Commerce  Bldg., 
Cleveland;  A.  R.  Howard,  60S  E.  Mil- 
waukee Ave.,  Detroit;  G.  A.  Fitzgerald 
2107  S.  San  Pedro  St.,  Los  Angeles;  J. 
A.  MacCarthy,  1450  Broadway,  New 
York;  A.  M.  Wagner,  Liberty  Title  & 
Trust  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  G.  F.  Smith,  pres.;  W.  E. 
Mayers  &  J.  S.  Nicholls  Jr.,  vice-pres.; 
F.  A.  Cosgrove,  treas.;  J.  H.  Scherer. 
sales  mgr. 

INFRA-RED    ENGINEERS    &    DE- 
SIGNERS 

1633  E.  40th  Street 
Cleveland  3,  Ohio 
Personnel:  William  J.   Miskella,   chief 
engr. 

INGERSOLL  PLASTICS  CO. 

Roselle,   NJ. 

Personnel:  Wm.  H.  Ingersoll  prej.;  O. 
M.  de  Laney  vice-pres.;  J.  L  Grandy, 
secy.;  A.  T.  Sweeney,  treas.;  M.  L.  Pot- 
ter, chief  engr.  &  chief  chemiit. 

INGWERSEN    MFG.  CO..   INC. 

1800  South  Acoma  Street 
Denver  10,  Colo. 

Personnel:  Gustav  F.  Ingwersen,  pres., 
treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  R.  B.  Ingwersen, 
vice-pres.,  Russell  F.  Heckman,  secy., 


chief  engr.  &  pur.  agent;  R.  John 
Townley,  dir.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist;  D.  W.  McCullough,  compt. 

INJECTION  MOLDING  CORP. 

1 1 5  Fourth  Avenue 

New  York  3,  N.Y. 

Personnel:     Daniel     D.    Whyte,     pres  ; 

Nicholas     Klein,     vice-pres.;     Herman 

Whyte,  secy.  &  treas. 

INLAND  MFG.  DIVISION 

General  Motors  Corporation 

2727   Inland  Avenue 

Dayton   I,  Ohio 

Iranch  Office:  General   Motors   Bldg., 

Detroit. 

Personnel:  J.  D.  O'Brien,  gen.  mgr.;  H. 

C.  Berkeley,   gen.   sales  &   adv.   mgr.; 
A.  H.  Flower,  dir.  research;  P.  A.  Nor- 
n's, supvr.  plastics  section;  E.  J.  Dill  & 

D.  Hagans,  pur.  agents. 

INSTITUTE  OF  DESIGN 

247  East  Ontario  Street 

Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  L.  MoholyNagy,  dir. 

INST.  OF  PAPER  CHEMISTRY 

Appleton,  Wis. 

Personnel:  T.  A.  Howelli,  chief  plastics 
&  resins  section;  E.  A.  Reineck,  chief 
resins  unit;  E.  K.  M.  Winne,  chief  plas- 
tics unit. 

INSULATING  FABRICATORS  OF 
NEW   ENGLAND,    INC. 

22  Elkins  Street 

South  Boston,  Mass. 

Personnel:    F.   J.    Hanus.    pres.;   J.    E. 

Haas,  vice-pres.:   F.   Kaplan,  secy.;  H. 

Hanus,  treas.;  W.  C.  Withers  Jr.,  gen. 

mgr. 

INSULATION  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 

1 1    New  York  Avenue 

Brooklyn    16,   N.Y. 

Personnel:   A.    L.   Starke.    pres.;   S.    E. 

Richeson    vice-pres.'  C.  Newell  Starke, 

secy.;  Ethel  L  Starke,  treas.;  E.  Stein- 

berger,  gen.  mgr. 

INSULATION  PRODUCTS  CO. 

504  North  Richland  Street 
Pittsburgh  8,  Penna. 
Personnel:  Walter  E.  Stevenson,   pres.; 
William  D.  Stevenson,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 


mgr.;  Paul  V.  Stevenson,  secy.  &  treas.; 
Mary  Lou  Noah,  pur.  agent. 

INTERLACE  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

Plastics   Division 
Union  Commerce  Building. 
Cleveland  14,  Ohio 
Seles  Office:  332  S.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Plant:  1401  S.  Circle  Ave.,  Forest  Pk.. 
III. 

Personnel:  Leigh  Willard,  pres.;  J.  A. 
Mitchell,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  J. 
R.  Alderman,  secy.  &  treas.;  R.  G. 
Booty,  gen.  mgr.  plastics  div. 

INTERNATIONAL  DECALCO- 

MANIA  CORP. 
32-34   Union   Square 
New  York,  N.Y. 

INTERNATIONAL  ENGR..  INC. 

1145  Bolander  Avenue 
Dayton,  Ohio 

Iranch  Offices:  Mills,  Winfield  &  Co.. 
407  S.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago;  E.  Sau- 
menicht,  IS  Park  Row,  New  York. 
Personnel:  R.  H.  McElroy,  pres.,  treas. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  E.  J.  Anderle,  vice-pres.; 
Carol  A.  McElroy,  secy.;  E.  W.  Dilg. 
chief  engr. 

INTERNATIONAL    MOLDED 
PLASTICS,    INC. 

4383-87  West  35th  Street 

Cleveland  9,  Ohio 

Personnel:  G.  V.  Goulder,  pres.;  H.  G. 

Goulder,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  rr.gr.;  Mrs. 

H.  G.  Goulder,  treas.;  Charles  Tecco, 

supt. 

INTERNATIONAL  PLASTIC 

10  Park  Place 
Morris  town,   NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  101  Marietta  St..  At- 
lanta; 20  Providence  St.,  Boston;  840  N. 
Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago;  1151  S.  Broad- 
way. Los  Angeles;  75  West  St..  New 
York;  Public  Ledger  Bldg.,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Plant  and  Laboratories:  Ridgedale 
Ave.,  Morristown. 

Personnel:  G.  Schieman,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  P.  Curry,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
prod.;  J.  H.  Connor,  sales  mgr.;  H. 
Howard,  comptroller. 


INTRA-THERM  CORP..  THE 

Third  and   Keosauqua  Way 

Des  Moines,   Iowa. 

Personnel:  Ralph  L.  Harley,  pres.;  Ross 

M.  Carrell,   exec,   vice-pres.   &   treas.; 

Loran   B.   Himmel,   vice-pres.,   secy.   & 

chem.  engr. 

INVINCIBLE  TOOL  COMPANY 

61  1-620  Empire  Bldg. 
Pittsburgh    22,    Penna. 
Personnel:  Chas.  A.  Koza,  pres.  &  chief 
engr.;  Edna  B.  Koza,  secy.  &  treas. 

INVISIBLE  LENS,  INC. 

501    Madison  Avenue 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:     Emerich     Rakos,    owner    & 

pres.;  G.  Nelson,  secy. 

IRVINGTON  VARNISH   &  INSU- 
LATOR COMPANY 

3  Argyle  Terrace 
Irvington  1 1,  N.J. 
Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 
Canadian    Plant:    Irvington    Varnish    & 
Insulator    Co.    of    Canada    Ltd.,    1390 
Burlington  St.  E.,  Hamilton,  Ont. 
Personnel:   A.    E.  Jones,   pres.   &   gen. 
mgr.;  C.  E.  Garneau,  W.   F.  Hoffman 
Jr.,    R.    Mezger    &    F.   A.    Shoemaker, 
vice-pres.;    F.    M.    Miller,    secy.;    Carl 
Egner.  treas.;  J.  J.  Connors,  gen.  sales 
mgr.;  D.  Ward,  sales  mgr.  fibron  div.; 
K.  A.  Lederer,  acting  mgr.  sales  pro- 
motion;   E.  A.   Gloss,   chief  engr.;    Dr. 
E.  T.  Weibel,  dir.  plastics  research;  S. 
Caplan,  chief  chemist;  J.  Pickett,  dir. 
public   relations;  C.   K.  Johnson,   pur. 
agent. 

IRWIN  ENGR.  &  MFG.  CO. 
2509  West  Manchester 
Inglewood,  Calif. 
Branch  Office:  534?  W.  1 19th  PI..  Ingle- 
wood. 

Personnel:  Harry  Irwin,  owner  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  Florence  Baker,  secy.; 
Martin  J.  Dabroski,  gen.  mgr. 

JACKSON  BUFF  CORP. 
21-03  41st  Avenue 
Long  Island  City  I,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  L.  W.   MacFarland,   pres. 


husky,   accurate 

A  new  low-cost  18"  drill  press  that  can  really  take  it 

This  New  Duro  18"  Drill  Press  has  been  designed  and  built  to  handle  a  much 
heavier  load  continuously  than  ordinary  low-priced  units.  Has  many  new  fea- 
tures including:  special  design  for  quick-changing  of  belts;  head  casting  slotted 
to  provide  take-up  when  wear  develops  from  movement  of  quill:  six-spline  tele- 
scopic self-aligning  spindle  that  reduces  play;  heavy  ribbed  cast  iron  table  and 
base  with  large  machined  surface  and  grooves  for  collecting  coolant;  base  pro- 
vided with  "T"  slots  for  bolting  jigs;  improved  simplified  depth  gauge.  Efficient 
production  foot  feed  available.  Specifications  include:  %"  capacity.  No.  2 
Morse  Taper.  4  New  Departure  Ball  Bearings.  Speed  range  425  to  2030 
R.P.M.  Spindle  travel — 5".  Drills  to  center  of  18"  circle.  Maximum  distance  from 
base  to  spindle— 49".  Maximum  distance  from  table  to  spindle — 19".  Overall 
Height— 68".  Size  of  overall  base— 18"  x  28V:".  Diameter  of  column— 3'/i". 
Weight  of  Model  A3088  (as  illustrated)  less  motor,  350  Ibs.  Also  available  in 
bench  model. 

Send  far  CataUg — showing  low-cost  single  and  multi-spindle  Drill  Presses, 
Metal-Cutting  Band  Saws,  Circular  Saws,  Jointers,  Router,  Shapers,  Grinders, 
Lathes,  Scroll  Saws,  Flexible  Shaft  Units,  and  Portable  Electric  Drills.  Gives 
full  specifications  and  prices. 

Available  on  Prior/fief  On// 


DURO 


MACHINE      TOOL      DIVISION 

DURO    METAL    PRODUCTS    CO..    2660     N.    KILDARE    AVE..    CHICAGO    39.    ILL. 


At  SO   MAKfKS   OF 


HAND    TOOLS 


292 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


ACKSON  PRODUCTS 

865  Wight  Street 

Ltroit   7.    Mich. 

•nonnel:   ft.  A.   Radtke.  sales  mgr. 

tAMISON,  H. 

I    East  Sunrise  Highway 
neport.  Long  Island,  N.Y. 
•nonnel:  Harry  Jamison,  owner-  Jack 
amuon.    gen.    &    office    mgr.;    Rudolf 
jraidel,  supt. 

IETTE  MFG.  CO. 
West  Monroe  Street 
6,  Illinois 

John    T.    Janette,    pres.    It 
;  John   I.  Janette,   vice-pres.;  A. 

!er,  secy.  &  gen.   mgr.;  M.   L. 
f.      .  *  •«*«*•. 

-.1.  u 
chief 


it. 


sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  J.  Kotch- 
S.    Hawley,    pur. 


engr.; 


ASPER  WOOD  PRODUCTS  CO. 

asper,   Indiana 
•ranch  Plant:  Watx>n»own.  Pa. 
'•r»onn«l;  V.  J.  Grama lipacher,  pres.; 
Z,   U.  Gramalspacher  &  A.   F.   Habig, 

ales  mgr.;  E.  G.  Hoffman,  supt. 

!EANNETTE  DISPLAY  STUDIO 
?503    54th    Street,    Northwest 
Canton,  Ohio 
Personnel:  J.  E.  Yost,  owner. 

'EFFREY  MFG.  CO..  THE 
322-99  North  Fourth  Street 
Columbus  16,  Ohio 
Iranch  Offices:  Alt  principal  cities, 
'erionnel:  ».  W.  Sillispie.  pres.;  R.  L. 
Zo*.  eiec.  vice-pres.:  J.   F.   Davidson, 
(rice  pres.    &    treas.;    H.   W.   de    Bruin, 
/ice-pres.    in   charge   mfg.;  J.   H.    Ful- 
lord,   J.   A.   Jeffrey   &    N.    E.   Salsich. 
vice-pro!.;    G.    R.    Lucas,   secretary    & 
comptroller;     Stan    S.     Mercier.    chief 
«ngr.;  J.  X.   Farrar,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  J. 
Leifeld,   pur.   agent. 

JENETT,  HENRY 

205  Alexander  Avenue 

Upper  Montclair,  NJ. 

JENKS.  KNIPSCHILD  AND  CO. 
75  East  Wacker  Drive 
Chicago  I,  III. 

Personnel:  Al  Jenks  &  Roy  Knipschild. 
partners. 

JENSEN,  6USTAV 
16  East  48th  Street 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 

JESSOP  STEEL  CO. 

Washington,    Penna. 
Iranch   Offices:    All    principal   cities. 
Warehouses:   Chicago;   Cincinnati- 
Cleveland;     Detroit;     Hartford:     Mon- 
treal; Toronto. 

Personnel:  R.  E.  Emery,  pres.;  F.  T.  H. 
Ypungman,  exec,  vice-pres.:  T.  W.  Pen- 
nington,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  H. 
Wilson  Jr..  vice-pres.  in  charge  opera- 
tions; R.  J.  Murray,  secy. 

JIRANEK,  LEO 

30  Rockefeller  Plaza,  N.Y. 

JOHNS-MANVILLE  SALES  CORP. 

22  East  40th  Street 

New  York  16,  N.Y. 

•ranch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:  Lewis  H.  Brown,  pres.;  C.  J. 

O'Neil,    staff    mgr.    filtration    &    filler 

dept. 

JOHNSON,  E.  F.  CO. 
Waseca,  Minn. 

JOHNSON-CUSHING-NEVELL 
101   Park  Avenue 
New  York  1 7.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Gerald  C.  Johnson,  partner 
I  salesman;  George  Cushing,  partner 
in  charge  design;  Thomas  G.  Nevell, 
partner  in  charge  engr,  &  design;  Robt. 
S.  Thomson,  chief  engr. 

JOHNSTON   INDUSTRIAL  PLAS- 
TICS LTD. 
9-1 1    New  Street 
i  Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:  I.  K.  Johnston,  pres.;  F.  J. 
Styles,  vice-prei.;  (.   Speller,  secy. 


JONES-DABNEY  CO. 

Div.  Devoe  &  Reynolds  Co.,  Inc. 

1481  South  llth  Street 

Louisville  8.  Ky. 

•ranch  Office:  Maiden,  Mass. 

Personnel:  W.  C.  Dabney.  pres.;  A.  W. 

Bornhauser.  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  E. 

J.    Probed,    vice-pres.;    F.    H.    Volk, 

secy.;    E.    L.    Pengborn.   treas.;   J.   C. 

Wilcoi,  tales  mgr.;  L.  K.  Scott,  chief 

chemist;  J.  Cullen,  pur.  agent. 

JOYCE.  WALTER  M.  COMPANY 
123  West  Pearl  Street 
Cincinnati  2,  Ohio 
Personnel:  Walter  M.  Joyce,  owner. 

JUDSON,  W.  HADDON   MFG. 
532  West  Mt.  Pleasant  Avenue 
Philadelphia,  Penna. 
Personnel:  W.  Haddon  Judson,  pres.  & 
gen.   mgr.;   Otto  A.   Koch,   vice-pres.; 
Charles  A.  Judson,  secy.  &  treas. 

JUSTI.  H.  D.  &  SON.  INC. 
32nd  and  Spring  Garden  Streets 
Philadelphia  4,  Penna. 
Personnel:   Henry   M.   Justi   Jr.,   pres.: 
Glover  Whittaker.  secy.;   E.  G.   Biggs, 
sales  mgr.;  F.  A.  Wegener,  chief  engr.; 
Dr.   F.  A.   Slack  Jr.,  dir.   plastics   re- 
search. 

KAMPA  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
12132  West  Capitol  Drive 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Personnel:  Edmund  P.  Kampa  &  I.  M. 
Kampa,  partners. 

KARLSTAD.  ANDREW  C. 

4146  Ventura  Canyon  Avenue 
Sherman  Oaks,  Calif. 

KASIN.  V.  A.  MOLDED  PROD. 

6806  Fountain  Avenue 
Hollywood  28.  Calif. 
Personnel:  V.  A.  Kasin,  owner. 

KAY  FRIES  CHEMICALS.  INC. 

180  Madison  Avenue 

New  York   16,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   J.   T.    Ames,    pres.:    K.    B 

Rowe,  treas.;  M.  T.  Inrnan,  sales  mgr. 

Dr.  Leonard  Nicholl,  dir.  research;  W 

P.  Bitter,  chief  chemist. 

KAYSON  MFG.  CO..  INC. 

65  West  37th  Street,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Nat  Kay.  gen.  mgr. 

KEARNEY  &  TRECKER  PROD. 

6784  West  National  Avenue 
Milwaukee  14,  Wis. 
Branch  Offices:  2842  W.  Grand  Blvd. 
Detroit;  Pickwick  Bldg..  Kansas  City 
Mo.;  3876  Santa  Fa  Ave.,  Los  Angeles 
1060  Broad  St..  Newark,  N.J.-  120  E 
Washington  Ave.,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Theodore  Trecker  Sr..  pres. 
J.  L  Trecker,  exec,  vice-pres.;  Franci 
J.  Trecker,  secy.;  R.  L.  Bischoff,  treas. 
R.  W.  Burk.  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales 
J.  B.  Armitage,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
engr.:  H.  A.  Gottschalk,  adv.  mgr.;  C 
Enroth,  dir.  public  relations;  W.  H 
Pritchard,  pur.  agent. 

KECKLEY.  O.  C.  COMPANY 

400  W.  Madison  Street 
Chicago  6,  III. 
Personnel:  O.  C.  Keckley,  pres.;  J.  L 
Burke,  vice-pres.;  A.  T.  Richter,  secy. 
H.  J.  Shefeler,  chief  engr.;  Wm.  J 
Spinar,  pur.  agent. 

KEELER,  E.  T.  4  CO. 

500  North  Dearborn  Street 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Ruth  H.  Keeler,  gen.  mgr. 

KELLOGG  SWITCHBOARD  & 
SUPPLY  COMPANY 

6650  South  Cicero  Avenue 
Chicago  38.  III. 

Personnel:  J.  G.  Kellogg,  ores.;  J.  H 
Kellogg,  exec,  vice-pres.  i  secy.;  H 
C.  McCluskev.  treas.;  F.  M.  Parsons 
sales  mgr.;  R.  M.  Kalb,  chief  engr. 
R.  C.  Krueger,  adv.  mgr.;  J.  Geiger 
pur.  agent;  O.  Galbraitn.  acting  eng 
mfg. 


Here's  How  to 
Turn  Out  a 

TOUGH 

Molding  Job  Right! 


Play  safe  .  .  .  put  your  product  in  the 
hands  of  experts.  Get  comprehensive 
service  from  engineering,  tooling  and 
molding  to  gleaming  finished  product. 
You  can  rely  on  Harry  Davies  14  years' 
experience  in  plastics  for  the  product 
you  want. 


Write  For  New 

Stock  Part 
Catalogue  Now! 


HARRY  DAVIES 

MOLDING     COMPANY 

1428  NORTH  WELLS  STREET.  CHICAGO  1O.  ILL. 
V  Custom  Moldtr*  of  Plaftict 


MARCH   1945 


PLASTICS 


BOOKS 


tecluucal 


Industrial  Chemistry  of 
Colloidal  &  Amorphous 
Materials 

By  Lewis,  Squires  6  Brougbton.  $6.00 
A  complete  reference  both  on  theory 
and  on  industrial  applications. 

Contents:  Structure  of  Liquids.  Vis- 
cosity. Surface  Tension.  Surface  Tension 
and  Orientation.  Adsorption.  Suspen- 
soids.  Amorphous  Solids.  Emulsoids. 
The  Electrochemical  Behavior  of  Col- 
loids. Gelation.  Emulsions  and  Foams. 
Crystalline  and  Amorphous  States.  Ther- 
moplastics, Glass.  Plasticization  by  Solu- 
tion. Paper.  The  Plastic  Fibers.  Leather. 
Rubber.  Ceramic  Industries.  Synthetic 
Resins  and  Plastics.  Textile  Fibers. 

An  Introduction  to 

Electronics  By  Hudson.  $3.00 
A  simply  written  explanation,  by  an 
expert,  of  the  theoretical  bases,  the 
modern  applications,  and  potential 
uses  of  this  important  science.  A 
valuable  guide  to  the  development 
of  new  materials  in  post-war  plan- 
ning. 

Theoretical  &  Applied  Electrochemistry 

By  Thompson.     3rd  Ed.     $5.00 

Provides  a  knowledge  of  electrochemical  industries  and 
the  theories  on  which  their  processes  are  based. 

The  Theory  of  Metals  By  Wilson.    $4.oo 

A  standard  reference,  widely  used  by  research  workers. 

Fundamentals  of  Chemical  Thermodynamics 

By  Butler.    $1.40 
Ft.  1:    Theory  &  Electrochemistry,  3rd  ed. 

Catalytic  Reactions  at  High  Pressures  and 
Temperatures  By  ipatieff.    $7.50 

A  complete  discussion  by  one  of  the  leading  investigators, 
offering  some  new  hypotheses. 

Acid-Base  Indicators  By  Kolthoff.    $7.00 

A  valuable  handbook  for  analytical  work  of  all  kinds. 

Air  Conditioning  Analysis       By  Goodman.    $6.00 

A  basic  treatment,  including  the  most  complete  tables 
available  for  all  types  of  air  conditioning  work. 

Industrial  Management 

By  Knowles  &  Thomson.    $4.50 

Covers  production,  costs,  personnel  management,  plant 
layout,  maintenance,  etc.,  for  all  types  of  manufacturing. 

The  Mocmillan  Company,  6O  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  1  1,  N.  Y. 

Q   Pleue   lend   me   your   latest  catalogue  of  technical,   engineering 
end  scientific  books. 


Signed 
Address 


(rive   postal    cone   no.   If   you   have   one) 


KENILWORTH    PLASTICS 
MOLDING  CO. 

P.O.  BOX  216 
Kenilworrh,    New  Jersey 
Branch  Office:  892  Broadway.  New  York. 
Personnel:  Leon  Neuman,  partner,  gen. 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Saul  Neuman  &  H. 
D.     Sprung,     partners;    J.     Day.    chief 
engr.;  Lawrence  J.  Winik,  dir.  plastics 
research. 

KENT-OWEN  MACHINE  CO. 

958  Wall  Street 
Toledo  10,  Ohio 

Personnel:  W.  J.  Donkel,  pres.;  W.  S. 
Rohr  &  E.  G.  Schill,  vice-pres.;  R.  F. 
Wieland,  secy.  &  treas.;  E.  W.  Donkel, 
gen.  mgr.;  Edmund  £.  Burke,  sales  & 
adv.  mgr.;  A.  B.  Bok,  chief  engr.;  J. 
J.  Jackman,  pur.  agent. 

KEOLYN  PLASTICS 

(W.  L  &  E.  R.  McKay) 

2731    North   Pulaski   Road 

Chicago  39,  III. 

Personnel:    W.    L.    McKay,    managing 

partner;   P.    F.    Breuckner,   prod.  mgr. 

KERR.  R.  W.  CO. 

Hastings,    Nebraska 

Personnel:   R.  W.   Kerr,  owner   &   mgr. 

KESSLER  CHEMICAL  CO..  INC. 

State  Road  and  Cottman  Avenue 
Philadelphia  35,  Penna. 
Personnel:  Fred  E.  Loud,  pres.;  Ludwig 
W.     Wasum.     vice-pres.;    J.     Rodman 
Tompkins,    secy.;    David    Levin,    treas.; 
J.  E.  Stem's,  sales  mgr.;  Dr.  Maurice  J. 
Kelley,  dir.  research;  J.  G.  Shea,  pur. 
agent. 

KETCHAM.   HOWARD 
I   West  54th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

KEYES  FIBRE  COMPANY 

Upper  College  Avenue 
Waterville,  Me. 

Salts  Office:  John  M.  Hart  Company, 
Inc.,  Graybar  Bldg.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  D.  S.  Brigham,  pres.;  W.  E. 
Parsons,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  L.  A. 
Pierce,  secy.;  Spaulding  Bisbee,  treas.; 
W.  H.  Randall,  chief  engr.;  E.  E.  Sawy- 
er, dir.  plastics  research  &  chief  chem- 
ist; H.  G.  Young,  pur.  agent. 

KEYSTONE  PLASTIC  ENGR.  CO. 

1313  West  Randolph  Street 
Chicago  7,  III. 

Personnel:  Fred  M.  Schukraft,  owner; 
Lewis  G.  Dietrich,  supt. 

KEYSTONE  PLASTICS  CO. 

26-28  South  Wycombe  Ave. 
Lansdowne,  Penna. 

Branch  Office:  215  Arch  St.,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Personnel:  R.  F.  Alexander,  partner, 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  H.  M. 
Fricke,  partner,  gen.  &  sales  mgr.  & 
pur.  agent;  C.  M.  Fricke,  secy.  &  treas.; 
A.  C.  LeVay,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics 
research. 

KEYSTONE  SPECIALTY  CO. 

!373'/2  Cove  Avenue 

Lakewood  7,  Ohio 

Personnel:    P.    H.    Dickinson,    owner    & 

mgr. 

KILGORE  MFG.  COMPANY,  THE 

Westerville.   Ohio 
Personnel:  H.  B.  Watkins,  pres.;  H.  H. 
Dooley,  gen.  sales  mgr.;  R.  J.  Ricken- 
bacher,  chief  engr.;  J.  J.  Clement,  dir. 
plastics  research. 

KIMBERLY-CLARK  CORP. 
Neenah,  Wis. 

Branch  Offices:  8  S.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  122  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York; 
155  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  C.  F.  Jenkins,  gen.  sales 
mgr.;  W.  W.  Cross,  sales  mgr.  plastics 
div.;  N.  G.  Bull,  W.  A.  Merigold  &  R. 
J.  Zaumeyer,  sales  engr. 

KIMBLE  ELECTRIC  DIVISION 
Miehle  Ptg.  Press  &  Mfg.  Co. 
2035  West  Hastings  St. 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:   R.  S.   Reed,  vice-prss. 
secy.  &  treas. 


KING  PLASTICS  CORPORATION 

101    East  Speer   Boulevard 
Denver  3,  Colorado 
Branch  Offices:  1 130  Parker  Avenue   De- 
troit; 1 1202  Morrison  St.,  N.  Hollywood. 
Personnel:  E.  K.  Krueger,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;   J.   C.   Gadd,   vice-pres.'    D     G 
Wells,  secy.;   Dan  Ormsbee,   treas.;    E. 

D.  Warde,  sales  mgr.;  H.  E.  Cole,  chief 
engr.;  R.  P.  McClung,  dir.  plastics  re- 
search; E.  L.  Michael,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 
public    relations;    D.    W.    Cluff,    pur. 
agent. 

KINGMAN.  E.  B.  CO. 

Leominster,  Mass. 

Branch  Office:  c/o  Ben  Hur  Products 
Inc.,  302  5th  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Thomas  C.  Howe,  pres  & 
pur.  agent' S.  F.  Behr,  vice-pres.  &  adv. 
mgr.;  G.  t.  Creed,  secy.;  M.  M.  Hir- 
tenstein,  treas.;  H.  P.  Wallach,  gen.  & 
sales  mgr.;  F  .F.  Renzi,  chief  engr. 

KINGS  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 

482  Baltic  Street 
Brooklyn.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Jack  Weisburst,  partner  & 
pur.  agent;  Forrest  Weisburst  partner, 
gen.  &  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; Irving  A.  Weisburst,  sales  mgr. 

KINGSBACHER-MURPHY  CO. 

683  Santa  Fe  Avenue 

Los  Angeles  21,  Calif. 

Branch  Office:  70  Pine  St.,  New  York. 

Personnel:  Alvin  Kingsbacher  &  Walter 

G.  Murphy,  partners. 

KINGSLEY    STAMPING    MACH. 

Hollywood,   Calif. 

Personnel:  Lewis  A.  Kingsley,  prop. 

KINKEAD  INDUSTRIES,  INC. 

450  West  Superior  Street 

Chicago  10,  III. 

Personnel:  W.  S.  Kinkead,  pres. 

KINNEY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

3529  Washington  Street  • 
Boston  30,  Mass. 

Branch  Office:  59  E.  Van  Buren  St.,  Chi- 
cago; 1333  Santa  Fe  Ave.,  Los  Angeles; 
30  Church  St.,  New  York;  Commercial 
Trust  Bldg.,  Philadelphia;  55  N.  Mont- 
gomery St.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnej:  H.  B.  Neal,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  William  E.  Worcester,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  sales;  Frederick  C.  Adams, 
treas.;  H.  I.  Stoltz,  chief  engr.;  Ham- 
mon  &  Goff,  Providence,  R.I.,  adv.;  P. 

E.  Bott,  pur.  agent. 

KIPPY  KIT  COMPANY 

146  Pleasant  Street 
Circleville,   Ohio 

Personnel:  Major  L.  E.  Goeller,  owner; 
E.  S.  Goeller,  gen.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr. 
&  pur.  agent. 

KIRBY  COMPANY,  THE 

13000  Athens  Avenue 
Cleveland  7,  Ohio 
Personnel:  John  F.  Kirby,   pres.,  treas.. 
gen.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  M.  H.  Kirby, 
vice-pres.;  S.  A.  Pynchon,  secy.;  A.  O. 
Krell.    sales    mgr.;    E.    J.    Frommeyer, 
prod.  mgr. 

KIRK.  F.  J.  MOLDING  CO. 

142  Brook  Street 

Clinton,  Mass. 

Personnel:  F.  J.  Kirk  &  F.  R.  Schreiter. 

partners. 

KIRK  PLASTIC  COMPANY 

170    East  Jefferson    Boulevard 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Personnel:  B.  L.  Hyde,  owner,  gen.  mgr. 
&  pur.  agent;  R.  F.  Miller,  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research. 

KLISE  MFG.  COMPANY,  INC. 

52  Cottage  Grove  Ave.,  Southwest 
Grand  Rapids  2,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Jas.  C.  Veen,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Hazel  Hobbs  Klise,  vice-pres.; 
Evelyn  Klise  Clark,  secy.  &  treas.;  Geo. 
P.  Eddy,  sales  &  adv.  mejr.;  W.  H. 
Culver,  pur.  agent. 

KNOEDLER,  ALPHONSE  &  CO. 

651   High  Street 

Lancaster,  Penna. 

Personnel:    Alphonse    Knoedler.    ores.; 

Karl  Loos,  vice-pres.;  Francis  Hoffman, 


294 


PLASTiCS 


MARCH  1945 


KOBLICK.  FREDA 
1 1    Columbus  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

KOCH.  GEORGE,  SONS.  INC. 
2115  West  Ohio  Street 
Evansville  4,  Ind. 
Personnel:  F.  L  Elliot,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  B. 
Carter,  tales  mgr. 

KOGAN,  BELLE 
362  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 

KOLLER  CRAFT  PLASTIC  PROD. 

Fenton.   Mo. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Koller,  pres.;  J.  C. 
Koller.  vice-pret.;  I.  M.  Young,  gen. 
mgr.;  L.  W.  Hankint,  chief  engr. 

KOPPERS  COMPANY.  INC. 

Tar  and  Chemical  Division 
1201   Koppers  Building 
Pittsburgh  19,  Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  250  Stuart  St..  Boston; 
3*h  St.  &  52nd  Aye..  Chicago;  110  E. 
Wisconsin  Ave.,  Milwaukee. 
Personnel:  J.  P.  Williams  Jr.,  pres.:  J. 
N.  Forker,  vice-pros.  &  gen  mgr.;  E.  S. 
Ruffln  Jr.,  secy.;  E.  A.  Berry,  treas.;  R. 
H.  McClintic,  adv,  mgr.;   R.  D.   King. 
pur.  agent. 

KORDA,  EUGENE  J. 

2  West  46th  Street 

New  York  19,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  J.  Kprda,  chief  designer; 

Hugo  Wurzel,  designer. 

KOSMAK,  GEORGE 
228  East  61st  Street 
New  York  21,  N.Y. 

KOSTELLOW.  ALEXANDER 

228  East  61st  Street 
New  York  21,  N.Y. 

KRABER.  GEORGE  R. 
516  Water-town  Street 
Boston  P.O. 
Newtonville  60,  Mass. 


KRAFT  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 
917  West  18th  Street 
Chicago  8,  III. 

Personnel:  M.  M.  Kraft,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  Boufford,  pur.  agent. 

KRIEGER  COLOR  ft  CHEM.  CO. 
6531   Santa   Monica   Blvd. 
Hollywood   38,   Calif. 
Personnel:   Michael    Krieger,    pres.;   S. 
Mylet,    secy.;     Bernard     Krieger.    dir. 
plastics     research;     Warren     Fehlman, 
adv.  mgr. 

KUHN   &  JACOB   MOLDING   & 

TOOL  CO. 
1200  Southard  Street 
Trenton  8,  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  Towle  &  Son  Co..  18  W. 
Chelten  Ave.,  Philadelphia;  Seymour  C. 
Ullmann.  55  W.  42nd  St..  New  York; 
William  T.  Wyler,  204  Lordship  Rd.. 
Stratford,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Eugene  Jacob,  pres.;  Walter 
Jacob,  vice-pres.;  George  Kuhn,  secy., 
treas.  &  salet  mgr. 

KURMAN  ELECTRIC  CO. 
35-18  37th  Street 
Long   Island  City,   N.Y. 

KURZ-KASCH,  INC. 

1413  South   Broadway 
Dayton  I,  Ohio 

Salet  Offices:  Chicago;  Dallas;  Detroit; 
Indianapolis;  Los  Angeles;  New  York; 
St.  Louis;  Toronto. 

Export  Office:  89  Broad  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  J.  J.  Bauman,  pres.;  Chas. 
H.  Frantz,  vice-pres.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
H.  J.  Kasch  Sr..  vice-pres.  &  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  R.  F.  Young,  secy.;  W.  G. 
Davidson,  trees.;  L.  Rawton  Jr.,  chief 
engr.;  Harold  King,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; H.  J.  Kasch  Jr.,  prod.  mgr. 

KUTCH,  WALTER  E.  CO. 

1401    East  Milwaukee  Avenue 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Personnel:  W.  E.  Kutch,  partner. 


KUX  MACHINE  CO. 

3924-44  W.   Harrison  Street 

Chicago  24.  III. 

Personnel:  Albert  S.  Kyi,  pres.;  James 

J.  Kui  &  George  Ku>,  vice-pres. 

L  »  K  MFG.  CO. 
577  Elm  Street 
Arlington,  N.J. 

Branch  Office:  SS  E.  Washington  St.. 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  Ma*  A.  Lazarus,  pret.;  Har- 
old J.  Loevy,  vice-pres.;  Morris  Meyer- 
son,  chief  engr.;  Martin  Steinhardt,  pur. 
agent. 

LABORATORY  SPECS..  INC. 

Wabash.  Ind. 

Personnel:  R.  D.  Black,  pres.,  gen.  & 
adv.  mgr.;  Frederick  Kolb.  vice-pres.; 
Paul  Lintner,  pur.  agent,  secy.  &  treas.; 
Earl  Surgener.  sales  mgr. 

LAKE  ERIE  ENGR.  CORP. 
P.O.  Box  68 
Konmore  Station 
Buffalo   17.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  230  N.  Michigan  Ave., 
Chicago;  250  Park  Ave..  New  York. 
Personnel:   R.   E.   Dillon,   pres.   &   gen. 
mgr.;  H.  D.  Thweatt.  salet  mgr.;  Otto 
Hoffman,  chief  engr. 

LAMB,  TOM  CO.,  INC. 

274  Madison  Avenue 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Tom  E.  Lamb,  pret. 

LAMICOID  FABRICATORS.  INC. 

3600  West  Potomac  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  B.  Seever,  pres.;  H.  L. 
Harmeson.  vice-pres.;  V.  A.  Beck,  vice- 
pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  S.  R.  Seever,  secy.  & 
treat,;  W.  L.  Lilja.  pur.  agent. 

LAMMERT  AND   MANN  CO. 

215-221    N.  Wood  St. 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  R.  F.  Lammert,  pret.  &  gen. 

mgr. 


LA  MODE  PLASTIC  CO..  INC. 

242  West  38th  Street 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Henry    Morgemtein.    prat.; 

Yetta    Morgemtein.    vice-pres.;   Albert 

Zuckerman.   secy.,   treat. ,   dir.   plastics 

research,    gen.    &    sales    mgr.    ft    pur. 

LA  MOREE,  C.  0.  COMPANY 
1325  San  Julian  btreet 
Lot  Angela!   IS,  Calif. 
Personnel:  C.  D.  La  More*,  •wnar. 

LANDAN.  B.  RUBBER  PROD. 

1306  Wait  Cermat  Road 

Chicago.  III. 

Personnel:  B.  Landon.  owner. 

LANDERS  CORPORATION.  THE 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Personnel:   R.  G.  Landers,  pres.;  F.  W. 

Baker,  vice.prej.  &  prod,  mgr.;  John  P. 

Howtand.  vice-pret.  a  tales  mgr.;  P.  E. 

Roper,  tecy.  &  treat.;  Or.  C.  E.  Denoon, 

dir.    retearch;    J.    C.    Siegmann,    pur. 

agent. 

LANCE  MFG.  CO. 

5th  and  Cortland  Streets 

Philadelphia  40.  Pa. 

LANDIS    MACHINE   COMPANY 

Church   and   Fifth   Streets 
Waynesboro,  Penna. 
Branch  Officer  Marshall  Bldg..  Cleve- 
land; 5728  Second   Blvd.,  Detroit. 
Penonnel:    C.    N.    Kirkpalrick.    pret.    & 

fen.   mgr.;   G.   M.   Stickell,   vice-pret. 
tales  mgr.;  John  H.  Elliott,  tecy.  & 
pur.  agent;  W.  C.  Werti,  treat.;  C.  W. 
Hopkins,    chief   engr.;    M.    B.    Henne- 
berger,   adv.   mgr. 

LANE,  J.  H.  &  COMPANY,  INC. 
250  West  57th  Street 
New  York  19,  N.Y. 
Personnel:      F.      Huntington      Babcock. 
pret.;  Stuart  H.  Johnson,  vice-ares- W. 
E.   Baiter,  secy.   &   treas.;   F.   C.   Den- 
ning, sales  mgr.,   plastics  div. 

LANSKY  DIECUTTING  CO. 
194  Greene  Street 
New  York   12,  N.Y. 


DESIGNING 


MOLD  MAKING 


dSEWKE 


Product  design  and  mold  design— the  heart  of  mold- 
ing problems.  This  highly  technical  branch  of 
plastics  requires  expert  designers. 


LAMINATORS 

High  Tensile  Aircraft 
Paper.  Many  grades 
of  paper*  snd  fabrics 
possessing  strength 
and  beauty  w  1 1 1  be 
available  for  a  myriad 
of  tomorrow's  prod- 
ucts. 


MANUFACTURERS 
OF  INDUSTRIAL 
PARTS 

We  sre  especially  equipped 
to  handle  very  economi- 
cally the  production  of 
50.000  or  100,000  small 
Industrial  parts  for  man- 
ufacturers. 


V 


MOLDING 


One-ten  thousandth  el  «n  leek— precision  tolerance! 
held  on  this  modern  vertical  mill  In  our  complete 
toolroom.  Only  the  most  skilled  toolmaken  qualify 
for  miking  plastic  molds. 


View  of  one  of  our  modern  300-ton  klia-taeeal  ere- 
daetlea  semi-automatic  molding  presses.  As  supe- 
rior to  other  models  as  the  B-tt  Is  to  the  original 
bomber. 


Routing  edges  on  large  aircraft  panel.  Thin 
machine,  using  diamond-hard  carballoy  tools. 
turns  18.000  R. P.M.— all  times  as  fast  as  the 
ordinary  saw. 


'SERVICE  and  QUALITY 


MARCH  194.-) 


PLASTICS 


295 


LA  POINTE  MACHINE  TOOL 

34  Tower  Street 
Hudson,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  Bittner  Associates,  9155 
Pleasant  Ave.,  Chicago;  D.  J.  Bond, 
2457  Woodward  Ave..  Detroit. 
Personnel:  J.  J.  Prindiville,  pres.  & 
treasj  J.  J.  Prindiville  Jr.,  vice-pres.; 
Don  E.  Miller,  asst.  to  vice-pres.;  M.  A. 
Ambrose,  secy.;  A.  A.  Cambria,  chief 
engr.;  George  P.  Mahoney,  pur.  agent. 

LATROBE  ELECTRIC  STEEL  CO 

Latrobe,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  2039  W.  Jackson  Blvd.. 
Chicago;  4514  Superior  Ave.,  Cleve- 
land; 120  W.  Second  St.,  Dayton;  1839 
E.  Grand  Blvd.,  Detroit;  823  Windsor 
St.,  Hartford,  Conn.;  225  E.  Michigan 
St.,  Milwaukee;  40  W.  40th  St..  New 
York;  3425  N.  Eighth  St.,  Philadelphia; 
Grant  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  28  Broadway, 
Toledo. 

Personnel:  M.  W.  Saxman  Jr.,  pros.; 
A.  M.  Morgan,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
sales;  D.  J.  Giles,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
prod.;  H.  S.  Saxman,  secy.  &  treas.; 
I.  R.  Zenk,  pur.  agent;  J.  R.  Larson, 
works  mgr.;  Jos.  J.  Hazlett,  prod, 
mgr.;  Leonard  C.  Grimshaw,  metallur- 
gist. 

LAUCKS,  I.  F..  INC. 

Subsidiary   Monsanto  Chemical 

Company 

911    Western  Avenue 

Seattle  4,  Wash. 

Branch  Offices:  859  E.  40th  St.,  Los 
Angeles;  Broad  &  Commerce  Sts.,  Ports- 
mouth, Va.;  Lauckj,  Inc..  Lockport, 
N.Y.;  Laucks  Ltd.,  Granville  Island, 
Vancouver,  B.C.;  Laucks  (Eastern)  Ltd., 
Stanbridge,  Quebec. 

Personnel:  H.  P.  Banks,  pres.  i  gen. 
mgr.;  L.  W.  Eilertsen,  vice-pres.  S 
sales  mgr.;  D.  M.  Williamson,  secy.;  J. 
T.  Lively,  treas.;  Walter  Lawshe,  chief 
engr.;  H.  F.  Rippey,  dir.  plastics  re- 
search &  chief  chemist;  Fred  G.  Galer, 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  R. 
G.  Frederick,  pur.  agent. 


LAWRENCE  &  HUNTER 

455  North  Robertson  Boulevard 
West  Hollywood  36,  Calif. 

Branch  Office:  462  S.  Robertson  Blvd., 
Los  Angeles. 

Personnel:  Jodie  H.  Shows,  owner,  E. 
Goodyear,  secy.;  Robert  L.  Keith,  gen. 
mgr.;  Wm.  Paquette,  sales  mgr.;  A.  G. 
de  Northall,  chief  engr. 

LEA  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

16  Cherry  Avenue 
Waterbury  86,  Conn. 

Personnel:  R.  S.  Leather,  pres.;  R.  P. 
Crane,  vice-pres.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
H.  L  Kellner,  secy.;  E.  W.  Couch, 
treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  V.  Verzier.  chief 
engr.;  W.  D.  Starr,  pur  agent. 

LEA-TEK 

619  North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  II.  III. 

Personnel:  Arthur  C.  Osborn  &  Leadora 
Congdon,  partners. 

LEE,  OSCAR 

226  South  Wabash  Avenue 
Chicago  4,  III. 

LEED  INSULATOR  COMPANY 
423  Venice  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

LEEDS  &  NORTHRUP  CO. 

4970  Stenton  Avenue 
Philadelphia  44,   Penna. 
Branch   Offices:    Boston;    Buffalo;    Chi- 
cago*  Cincinnati;   Cleveland;    Detroit; 
Hartford;   Houston;  Los  Angeles;  New 
York;   Pittsburgh;  St.   Louis;  San   Fran- 
cisco; Tulsa. 

Personnel:  C.  S.  Redding,  pres.;  G.  W. 
Tall  Jr.,  sales  mgr.;  L.  R.  Garretson, 
adv.  mgr.;  A.  H.  Reynolds  Jr..  pur. 
agent. 

LEIMAN  BROS..  INC. 

181   Christie  Street 
Newark.   NJ. 

Personnel:  Geo.  Leiman,  pres.;  John 
Leiman,  treas.;  Edw.  Clegg,  gen.  mgr.; 


R.  E.  Sibley,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  John 
Young,  pur.  agent. 

LELAND  ELECTRIC  CO. 

1501   Webster  Street 
Dayton,  Ohio 

Personnel:  W.  F.  Lisman.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  R.  Gaskell,  vice-pres.,  secy.  & 
treas.;  E.  B.  George,  vice-pres.  &  chief 
engr.;  P.  D.  Dale,  sales  mgr.;  R.  S. 
Ferguson,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  E.  Snider,  pur. 
agent;  J.  H.  Sampson,  works  mgr. 

LEOMINSTER  TOOL  CO..  THE 
272  Whitney  Street 
Leominster,  Mass. 
Personnel:  Albert  F.  Cossette,    pres.   & 
pur.    agent;    Albert    J.    Car  on,     vice- 
pres.;    Ludger   J.   Caron,    treas.,   gen., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Lewis  D.   Patriquin, 
chief   engr. 

LEPEL  HI6H  FREQUENCY 
LABORATORIES,  INC. 

39  West  60th  Street 

New  York  23,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  J.  Fox,  230  E.  Ohio  St., 

Chicago. 

Personnel:  Henry  Peterson    pres.;  Otto 

Weitmann,  vice-pres.;  Herbert  H.  Wat- 

jen,  mgr.  sales  &  service. 

LESCAZE,  WM. 

211   East  48th  Street 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 

LESTER  ENSR.  COMPANY 
2711  Church  Avenue 
Cleveland    II,  Ohio 
Tool    ft    Die    Division:    1444    Hamilton 
Ave..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Personnel:  Nathan  Lester,  pres.;  Henry 
A.   Rocker    sec. -trees.;   D.  white,  vice- 
pres.;     William     H.     Schwartz,     chief 
engr.;  J.  A.   Deninson,  research  &  de- 
velopment engr.;  Agnes  McCarthy,  of- 
fice mgr. 

LESTER-PHOENIX,   INC. 

2711   Church  Avenue 

Cleveland  13,  Ohio 

Personnel:   Nathan  Lester,   pres.;  H.   E. 

Bellinger,     vice-pres.;      David     White, 


secy.;  H.  H.  Jeclt.  treas.;  Fred  C.  Zie- 
senneim,  sales  mgr.;  W.  H.  Schwartz, 
chief  engr. 

LEVEY,  HAROLD  A.  LAB. 

8131  Oleander  Street 
New  Orleans  18,  Louisiana 
Personnel:  H.  A.  Levey,  owner  &  dir.; 
S.  D.  Atkins  &  A.  H.  Dalton,  research 
chem.;   C.   L.   analytical   chem.;   R.   C. 
Harter,  chem.  engr. 

LEVIEN.  NED  S.  COMPANY 

40-17  22nd  Street 
Long    Island   City    I,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  Ned  G.  Levien,  owner;  Al  J. 
Woods,  gen.  mgr. 

LEWIS.  A.  STEVEN 

219  West  Chicago  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  A.  Steven  Lewis,  owner; 
Richard  S.  Latham,  associate. 

LEWIS,  J.  D..   INC. 

Providence,   R.I. 

LIBERTY  MERCANTILE  CO. 

1 1 99  Broadway 

New  York   I.  N.Y. 

Personnel:     A.     Baum,     pres.;     Myron 

Plumer,  vice-pres. 

LIGHTEN,  MAURICE  A.  CO. 

301    Main  Street 

Orange,  N.J. 

Personnel:   Maurice   A.   Lichten.    pres.; 

Wm.  E.  Kennedy,  secy.;  Frank  Koeloch, 

gen.  mgr.;  Arthur  S.   Lichten,  sales  & 

adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research. 

LIEBES,  DOROTHY  W. 

545  Sutter  Street 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 

LINCOLN  ENSR.  COMPANY 

5701   Natural  Bridge 

St.   Louis  20,   Mo. 

Personnel:  A.  P.  Fox,  pres.;  J.  L.  Kludt, 

vice-pres.     in     charge     prod.;     Foster 

Holmes,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.:  T.  L 

Perrine,  treas.;  J.  L.  Carmitcheol,  sales 


*.     I  • 

KRIEGRODIP 


"KRIEGR-0-DIP"  Dyes 

For  Every  Type  of  Plastics 

A  superior  quality  series  of  PLASTIC  DYES,  sold  under  the  trade  name  of 
"KRIEGR-O-DIP".  Easy  to  use— safe— DEPENDABLE.  Produces  a  clear,  trans- 
parent shade,  pastel  or  deep  as  the  need  arises.  Nationally  used  by  Molders, 
and  by  manufacturers  of  Plastic  merchandise  in  coloring  LUCITE — PLEXIGLAS — 
TENITE— CELLULOSE  ACETATE— CELLOPHANE— POLYSTYRENE  VINYLITE. 
Special  Dyes  for  NEW  Plastic  formulaes  available. 


"S"  Standard  Chemical  Dyes 

"A"  For  Cellulose  Acetate  and  Tenite. 

"W"  Dye  used  in   Hot  Water. 

"V"   For  Polystyrene  Vinylite. 


KRIEGR-O-DIP 

"FLUER-O-PLAS  K"  Containing  a  FLUO. 
RESCENT  quality  for  materials  used 
under  BLACK  LIGHT  as  Dials.  Medi- 
cal Equipment,  Novelties,  etc. 


14  Colors  Available 

All  colors  intermixable  giving  unlimited  variety  of  additional 
shades,  colors  and  depth.  Manufacturers  of  Plastic  material 
and  equipment  find  "KRIEGR-O-DIP"  Dyes  always  give  the 
desired  color  effect  meeting  the  most  exacting  requirements. 

for  additional  information  and  prices,  write,  telephone  or  wire 

KRIEGER    COLOR    AND    CHEMICAL    COMPANY 


6531  Santa  Monica  Blvd. 


Established  since  1920 
Manufacturers    oi    "KRIEGR-O-DIP" 

TeL  Hillside  7361 


Hollywood  38.  Calif. 


296 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


mar.:  L.  C.  Rotter,  chiel I  engr.;  W.  B. 
Gordon,  adv.  mgr.;  D.  K.  Hawaii  Jr., 
pur.  agent;  S.  H.  Dorwy.  mgr.  hydrau- 
lics div. 

LIGNUM  CHEMICAL  WKS..  THE 
364  Morgan  Avenue 
Brooklyn   6.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Jno.  J.  Goeft,  pret.:  Mary 
M.  F.  Goett  vice-pres.;  Edward  Goett 
III,  secy.;  JoHn  E.  Goett.  treas. 

LINOE  AIR  PRODUCTS  CO..  THE 

Unit   Union   Carbide  and   Carbon 

Corporation 

30  East  42nd  Street 

New  York  17,  N.Y. 

(ranch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

LINDENHURST  MFG.  CO. 

Lindenhurst,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  G.  M.  Harm,  pres.,  gen. 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Bernhard  Natt,  vice- 
pre».  &  sale*  mgr.;  Chas.  G.  Weierter, 
secy.  &  treas.;  L.  Karniol,  chief  chem- 
ist. 

UTT6LFUSE,  INC. 

4757  North  Ravenswood  Avenue 

Chicago  40.  III. 

Branch    Plant:    200    W.    Ong    St..    El 

Monte,  Calif. 

Personnel:    E.    V.    Sundt,    pres.;   T.    M. 

Blake,  exec,  vice-pres.,  secy  &  treas. ; 

R.   G.   Akin,   gen.   sales   mgr.*   M.   J. 

Pollak.  chief  engr.;  A.  G.  Schmitt,  pur. 

agent. 

LITTLE,  ARTHUR  D.,  INC. 

Cambridge  42,  Mass. 

Personnel:  E.  P.  Stevenson,  pres.:  R.  S. 

Stevens.  T.  L.  Wheeler  &  R.  C.  Griffin, 

vice-pres. 

LIVINGSTON  PLASTICS  CORP. 
Northbrook,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Detroit;  New  York. 
Personnel:  Chas.  C.  Livingston,   pres. 

LOEWY,  RAYMOND  ASSOC. 
580  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  19,  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Robert  H.  Askren,  packag- 
ing dir. 

LOGANSPORT  MACHINE  CO. 

Logansport,    Ind. 

Personnel:  Mr*.  E.  P.  Wilkinson,  pre$. 
&  treas.;  R.  J.  Arthur,  vice-pres.;  J.  K. 
Sheridan,  secy.:  G.  E.  Ti obits,  gen. 
mgr.;  R.  W.  Shields,  Mies  mgr.;  R.  E. 
Becker,  chief  engr.;  B.  H.  Lowe,  pur. 
agent. 

LONG  ISLAND  ENGRAVING 

19  West  21st  Street 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  C.  W.  Hosted,  owner;  S.  A. 

Anthony  Jr.,  sales  mgr. 

LOOM  IS.  W.  H.  TALC  CORP. 

223   East  Main  Street 
Gouverneur,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  Prescott  Loomis,  pres.  & 
treas.;  R.  F.  Atkinson,  vice-pres.;  Mar- 
garet L.  Storie,  asst.  secy.;  Emil  E. 
Esckilsen,  sales  mgr.;  Orton  Smalley, 
chief  chemist;  Nelson  B.  Winters,  prod. 
Control. 

LOOMIS,  EVARTS  G.  COMPANY 

126  South   14th  St. 

Newark    7.    NJ. 

P«nonn»l:    Evarts    G.    Loomis,    owner; 

Bessie   A.   Johnston,   secy.;    Douglas   P. 

Roome,  chief  engr, 

LOS  ANGELES  CHEMICAL  CO. 
I960  Santa  Fe  Avenue 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

LOTTE  CHEMICAL  CORP.,  INC. 

109  Fifth  Avenue 
Paterson.  NJ. 

LOVEJOY   FLEXIBLE  COUPLING 

5024  West  Lake  Street 

Chicago  44.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:  W.  H.  Dangel,  pres.  &  gen. 

mgr. 

LUCIDOL  CORPORATION 

1740  Military  Road 

Buffalo  5,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  A.  Wahl,  tech.  tales  engr. 


LUFKIN  RULE  CO.,  THE 

Saginaw,   Mich. 

Subsidiary:    The     Lufkin     Rule    Co.    of 
Canada  Limited.  Windsor. 
Branch  Office:    104   Lafayette   St.,   New 
York. 

Personnel:  R.  G.  Thompson,  pres.;  Ed- 
win Russell,  vice-pro.;  H.  F.  Krauss. 
secy.  &  trees.-  E.  J.  Witchger,  chief 
engr.;  Walter  Zoellner,  pur.  agent. 

LUMA  ELECTRIC  EOPT.  CO. 

P.  O.  Box  132 

Toledo  I ,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Robert  L.  Hinds,  gen.  mgr.; 

A.  L.  Bolster,  chief  engr. 

LUMIROL  COMPANY.  THE 
153   East  26th  Street 
New  York  10,  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  Woodward  Bldg.,  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Personnel:  Ronald  A.  Gordon,  owner, 
treas,  &  gen.  mgr.'  June  Gordon^  vice- 
pres.;  Rose  J.  Restifo,  secy.;  William  E. 
Hansen,  sales  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  re- 
search; Dominick  Allegro,  chief  engr.; 
Terry  Miles,  chief  chemist;  Robin  Gor- 
don, pur.  agent. 

LUPOMATIC  TUMBLING  MACH. 

4510  Bullard  Avenue 

New  York  66,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Joseph    Lupo,    pres.,    sales 

mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  S.  puentin  Lupo. 

secy.;    John     Lupo,     treas.;    Geo.    J. 

Henke,  pur.  agent. 

LUSTEROID  CONTAINER  CO. 
10  West  Parker  Avenue 
Maplewood,  NJ. 
Mail  Address:  South  Orange,  NJ. 
Personnel:    Richard   H.   Davis,   pres.   i 
treas.;  Henry  F.  Colvin,  vice-pres.;  Roy 
F.  Layton.  lecy. 

LUSTRA-CITE  INDUSTRIES 

225  West  28th  Street 

New  York  I.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  M.  Halpern,  owner;  M. 

B.  Ward,   secy.;   Michael   J.    Harmon, 
gen.  mgr.;  P.  Landis,  sales  mgr. 

LYNN  SIGN  COMPANY 

65    North   Washington   Street 

Boston   14,  Mass. 

Personnel:  Frank  J.  Sulesky,  owner. 

LYON  METAL  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

Plastics  Division 

Aurora,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:    Frederick   Z.    Pearson,   mgr. 

plastics  div. 

LYON-RAYMOND  CORP. 
Sreene,   N.Y. 

Representatives:  All   principal  cities. 
Personnel:  George  G.   Raymond,   pres.; 
Stanley  R.  Bryant,  sales  mgr. 

McALEER  MFG.  COMPANY 

Rochester,   Mich. 

Personnel:  M.  E.  Gardner,  sales  mgr. 

McCOY,  JONES  &  CO.,  INC. 

915  Merchandise  Mart 

Chicago  54.  III. 

Personnel:    Cherles   S.    McCoy,    pres.; 

Hugh  O.  Jones  &  Sam  Laud,  vice-pres. : 

W.  S.   Hefferan  Jr..  secy.;  Charles  S. 

McLane,   treas.;    H.   S.   Jones,   factory 

mgr. 

McCROSKY  TOOL  CORP. 
Meadville,  Penna. 
Personnel:  R.  W.  Thomas,  pres.  i  gen. 
mgr.;  C.  M.  Sutton,  vice-pres.;  C.  W. 
First,  secy.  &  trees.;  Lewis  Skeel.  chief 
engr.;  A.  K.  Johnson,  pur.  agent. 

MCDONALD,  STERLING 

666  Lake  Shore  Drive 
Chicago,  III. 

MCDONNELL  AIRCRAFT  CORP. 

Plastics    Division 

St.    Louis,    Mo. 

McDOUGALL-BUTLER  CO..  INC. 

6  Evans  Street 

Buffalo  5,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Auburn-Maine   Div..  55 

Court  St..  Auburn.  Me.;  Morgan  Div., 


care   and   experience   of  qualified 
specialists. 

Although  the  VALLEY  MFG.  CO.  is 
at  present  working  night  and  day 
producing    transparent    dials    and 
windows  for  radar  and  other  naval 
instruments,   their  experience   will 
soon,    we   trust,    be   available   for 
post-war  problems  .  .  .  Don't  Take 
Chances— Consult  A  Specialist! 


BUY 
WAR 
BONDS 


mm  m     m   t-'  f  m  f 


421  Tenth  St.,  N.W.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  Andrew  S.  Butler,  pres.;  H. 
G.  Miller,  vice-pres.;  H.  Vernon  Smith, 
secy.;  Capt.  E.  G.  Butler,  trees.;  M. 
G.  Catena,  prod.  mgr. 

McSONEGAL   MFG.   CO..   THE 

Railroad  Ave.  &  Mozart  Street 

P.O.  Box  35 

East  Rutherford,  N.J. 

Personnel:  E.  S.  McGonegal,  partner 
&  gen.  mgr. 

MclNERNEY  PLASTICS  CO. 

25  Commerce  Avenue,  S.W. 
Grand    Rapids,   Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  205  W.  Wacker  Dr.. 
Chicago;  Fisher  Bldg.,  Detroit. 
Personnel:  J.  L.  Mclnerney.  pros.;  M. 
L.  Keller,  vice-pres.  &  treat.;  R.  E. 
Ringgenberg,  vice-pres.  in  charge  of 
sales;  R.  N.  Alt,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
industrial  relations:  E.  D.  Tobin,  secy.; 
Samuel  C.  Oldenburger,  gen.  mgr.: 
R.  H.  Earle,  sales  mgr.:  C.  B.  Rill,  pur. 
agent;  E.  E.  Fowler,  comptroller. 

McKINNON  IRON  WORKS  CO. 

Ashtabula,  Ohio 

McQUAY  AIRCRAFT  CORP. 

3301    East  22nd  Street 
Los  Angeles  23,  Calif. 

Personnel:  R.  J.  Resch,  pres.;  Jas.  B. 
King,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  George 
Kelting,  secy.  &  treas.;  Kay  H.  Olesen, 
sales  mgr.;  Leo  F.  Kruer,  chief  engr.; 
Edward  M.  Fox,  adv.  mgr.;  T.  C.  Dona- 
hoe,  pur.  agent;  Donald  S.  Mateer, 
prod.  supt. 

M  AND  M  WOOD  WORKING 

Portland.  Oregon 

Sales  Offices:  E.  L.  French  Co.,  Detroit 
Earl  L.  Hoffman,  LOJ  Angelet;  Reed  P 
Morse,  Miami;  Evans  MacArthur  Co. 
New  York. 

Personnel:  James  A.  Malarkey,  pres.;  I 
S.  Ohair,  sales  mgr.;  Michel  Pasquier 
mgr.  resin  dept. 


MACHINE  TOOL  DIVISION 

Kalamazoo  Tank  &  Silo  Co. 
508  Harrison  Street 
Kalamazoo    16,   Mich. 

Personnel:  M.  H.  Coombs,  pres.;  P.  B. 
Coombs,  vice-pres.;  J.  S.  Rockwell, 
secy.;  J.  E.  Anderson,  treas.;  D.  M. 
Flairz,  sales  mgr. 

MACK  MOLDING  CO. 

Wayne,  NJ. 

Branch   Offices:   Waterloo,   Que.;   New 

York;  Chicago;  St.  Louis;  Indianapolis; 

Boston;   Detroit. 

Personnel:  K.  Macksey,  pres.;  J.  Mcln- 

tosh,    vice-pres.;    S.    Howell,    secy.    & 

treas.;  D.  Kendall,  gen.  mgr.;  P.  Gun* 

ter,  sales  mgr. 

MACK  SALES  COMPANY 

1456  Jefferson  Avenue 
Buffalo  8,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  82  Middle  St.,  Brain- 
tree.  Mass.;  510  E.  74th  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  L.  J.  Meek,  owner. 

MAGNAFLUX  CORPORATION 

5900  Northwest  Highway 
Chicago   31.   III. 

Branch  Offices:  Birmingham,  Ala.; 
Cleveland;  Dallas;  Detroit;  Los  An- 
geles; New  York. 

Pertonnel:  A.  V.  de  Forest,  ch.  of  bd.: 
F.  B.  Doane,  pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  C.  E. 
8et7,  vice-pres.;  T.  C.  Oilier,  secy.;  W. 
L.  Burson  Jr.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent;  W. 
E.  Thomas,  sales  mgr.;  J.  E.  Clarke, 
chief  engr. 

MAICO  COMPANY,  INC.,  THE 

21    North  Third  Street 
Minneapolis    I.   Minn. 

Personnel:  L.  A.  Watson,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  B.  Bickelhaupt  Jr.,  vice-pres.; 
M.  A.  Mason,  secy.  &  treas.;  J.  L. 
Armstrong,  sales  mgr.;  F.  J.  Faltlco  & 
W.  H.  Hansen,  chief  engr.;  Glenn  E. 
Woodmark,  dir.  plastics  research;  War- 
ren F.  Olson,  pur.  agent;  H.  L.  Hohl. 
comptroller. 


MAJOT    AUTOMATIC    MACH. 

88  Main  Street 

East  Orange,  N.J. 

Personnel:   John   T.    Manning,    pres.    & 

pur.    agent;    Herman     E.    Hillenbach, 

vice-pres.;  Margaret  V.  Manning,  secy.; 

Charles  R.  Rittweger,  gen.  mgr. 

MAKALOT  CORPORATION 

262  Washington  Street 
Boston  9,  Mass. 

Plant:  480  South  St.,  Waltham,  Mass. 
Pertonnel:  M.  M.  Makeever,  pres.  & 
sales  mgr.;  C.  R.  Olson,  vice-pres.;  E. 
I.  Pearson,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  E.  M. 
Patch,  treas.;  V.  B.  Makeever,  gen  mgr. 
&  dir  plastics  research;  C.  Palmgren. 
chief  engr.;  W.  D.  Cochrane,  chief 
chemist;  E.  R.  Patterson,  adv.  mgr. 

MALL  TOOL  COMPANY 

7740  South  Chicago  Avenue 
Chicago  19,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  406  Elm  St.,  Cincinnati; 
5505  Lovers  Lane,  Dallas;  8635  Gratiot 
Ave.,  Detroit;  1613  Elsinore  Ave.,  East 
Cleveland;  Dogwood  Road,  Fountain 
City,  Tenn.;  1025  S.  Santa  Fe  Ave.,  Lot 
Angeles:  113  W.  63rot  St.,  New  York; 
2214  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia:  725 
Howard  St..  San  Francisco:  1924  M  St. 
N.W.,  Washington. 

Personnel:  A.  W.  Mall,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  H.  Sanders,  secy.;  M.  Rehn- 
quist,  adv.  mgr.;  J.  W.  Innes,  pur. 
agent. 

MALLINCKRODT  CHEM.  WRKS. 

Mallinclcrodt  Street 
St.  Louis  7,  Mo. 

Branch  Offices:  128  N.  Wells  St.,  Chi- 
cago; 723  E.  Third  St.,  Los  Angeles;  72 
Gold  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  A.  C.  Boylston,  pres.:  S.  W. 
Coleman,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  W. 
D.  Barry  &  Dr.  F.  W.  Russe,  vice-pres.; 
J.  Fittere  Jr.,  secy.;  J.  H.  Holiiday, 
treat.;  E.  H.  Doht,  gen.  pur.  agent. 


MALONEY.  F.  H.  CO. 

P.O.  Box  1777 
Houston,  Tex. 

Personnel:  F.  H.  Maloney,  partner;  E. 
F.  Tilton,  gen.  supt. 

MANDERSCHEID  CO..  THE 

605   West  Washington   Street 
Chicago  6,    III. 

Personnel:  James  J.  Manderscheid, 
partner,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; C.  Defalco,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  D. 
Alldrtght,  adv.  mgr. 

MANGAN  &  ECKLAND 

141   West  Jackson  Boulevard 
Chicago  4,  III. 

Pertonnel:  James  T.  Mangan  &  Everett 
B.  Eckland,  partners. 

MANHATTAN  RUBBER  MFG. 

Div.,   Raybestos-Manhattan,  Inc. 

61   Willett  Street 

Passaic,    NJ. 

Branch    Offices:    1108    N.    Fifth    Ave., 

Birmingham,  Ala.;  10  High  St.,  Boston; 

445    Lake    Shore    Drive,    Chicago;    li 

Broadway,  New  York;  Broad  St.  Station 

Bldg.,    Philadelphia;    625    Market    St., 

San  Francisco. 

Personnel:  J.  J.  De  Mario,  adv.  mgr. 

MANNE-KNOWLTON    INSULA- 
TION CO. 

416  West   13th  Street 
New  York  14,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  J.  Manne  &  R.  A.  Knowlton, 
partners;  A.  Silverman,  supt. 

MANNING,  DON  &  CO. 

135  Leighton  Avenue 
Rochester,  N.Y. 

Pertonnel:  Daniel  T.  Manning,  pres.; 
William  T.  Manning  Jr.,  vice-pres.; 
George  Miles,  chief  engr. 

MANNING,    JOHN     A.     PAPER 

CO..  INC. 
Troy,  N.Y. 


PLASTICS 


If  you  are  planning  to  build  a  machine,  or 
remodel  your  product,  why  not  consider 
PLASTICS? 

A  number  of  parts  can  be  made  out  of 
transparent  or  colored  materials  shaped 
into  the  most  intricate  forms  to  suit  your 
problem. 


Our  engineering  sfaff  can  aid   you   in  solving  infricafe  problems.    We  invite  an  opportunity  to  quote. 

JOSEPH  DAVIS  PLASTICS  CO. 


ARLINGTON,    N.    J. 
formerly  The  Insel  Co. 


MARCH   1945 


MANNING,  MAXWELL  ft 

MOORE.  INC. 
1 1  Elias  Street 
Bridgeport,  Conn. 
Personnel:   R.   R.  Wason    pres.-  C.   H. 
Ivtterfield,   vice-pres.;   F.    M.   Kreiner, 
secy.   1  trees.;  A.  W.  Coleman,  sales 
mgr.;  I.  B.  Van  Houten,  adv.  mgr.;  H. 

D.  Bishop,  dir.  public  relations;  W.  T. 
O'Connor,  pur.  agent. 

MANUFACTURERS    CHEMICAL 
CORPORATION 

Snyder  Avenue 
Berkeley  Heights.  N.J. 

Subsidiary:  Chemaco  Corporation,  Sny- 
der Avenue,  Berkeley  Heights,  sole  dis- 
tributors. 

Branch  Offices:  Chemaco  Corp.,    1010 
Euclid  Ave..  Cleveland. 
Representatives:  Los  Angeles;  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Personnel:  Henry  W.  Harding,  pres.  ft 
treas..  Manufacturers  Chemical  Corp.  & 
Chemaco  Corp.;  Walter  J.  A.  Connor, 
!  vice-pres..  sales  &  adv.  mgr..  Chemaco 
Corp.;  Karl  M.  Joehnck.  vice-pres., 
Manufacturers  Chemical  Corp.;  Cole- 
man Burke,  secy.,  Manufacturers  Chem- 
ical Corp.  &  Chemaco  Corp. 

MANY,  J.  ft  CO. 
153  Lafayette  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Julius  Many,  owner. 

MAPLE  LEAF  PLASTICS  LTD. 
703  Bloor  Street.  West 
Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:     F.     Routley,     pres.;     F.     H. 
Goldhar,  vice-pres.;  J.  Barney  Goldhar. 
secy.;  G.  Soloway,  treas. 

MARATHON  CORPORATION 

Chemical  Division 
Rothschild,  Wis. 
Branch  Office:  Menasha,  Wis. 
Personnel:  D.  C.   Everest,   pres.;  Allen 
Abrams.  vice-pres.;  A.  M.  Van  Douser, 
secy.   ft   treas.;   Carlyle    Harmon,   div. 
mgr.;  J.  F.  Nicholl,  div.  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  J.   R.  Salvcsen,  dir.   plastics  re- 
search: George  Elliott,  div.  chief  chem- 
ist; Walt  Zahn,  pur.  agent. 

MARBLETTE  CORP.,  THE 

37-21   30th  Street 

Long  Island  City.  I,  N.Y. 

Branch    Office:    1427   W.    Chase    Ave.. 

Chicago. 

Personnel:    Herbert   C.    Kranzer,    pres. 

I  treas.;  Samuel  Glickstein,  gen.  sales 

1  adv.  mgr.;  Max  Hilrich,  dir.  plastic^ 

research  &  chief  chemist. 

MARBON  CORPORATION 

1926  West  Tenth  Avenue 
Gary,  Ind. 

Personnel:  G.  P.  F.  Smith,  pres.:  R. 
Shattuck,  vice-pres.;  M.  Keck,  secy  & 
trees.;  A.  J.  Verplank,  chief  engr.;  W. 
C.  Calvert  dir.  plastics  research;  A.  G. 
Susie,  chief  chemist;  R.  M.  Stewart,  pur. 
agent;  D.  M.  Pratt,  tech.  rep. 

MARCO  CHEMICALS.  INC. 
Sewaren,  N.J. 

Personnel:  I.  E.  Musket,  pres.,  gen  mgr. 
•  dir.  plastics  research;  A.  C.  Buttfield. 
i:  R.  E.  Lee,  secy.  &  treas. ;  M. 
Reynolds,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  pub- 
lic relations;  E.  Ardolino,  chief  engr,; 
J.  A.  Munyak,  chief  chemist;  J.  N. 
Grove,  pur.  agent. 

MARKAL  COMPANY 

600  North  Western  Avenue 

Chicago  12,  III. 

Personnel:  L.  Aronberg.  owner  ft  chief 

chemist;  B.  Lytton.  gen.  ft  adv.  mgr. 

MARKEM  MACHINE  CO. 

Emerald  Street 

Keene,  N.H. 

Personnel:  C.  A.  Putnam,  pres.  t  treas. ; 

E.  C.  Quimby.  secy.;  David  F.  Putnam, 
gen.  mgr.;  C.  F.  Robbins,  chief  engr.; 
C.  E.  Titcomb,  pur.  agent. 

MARKS  PRODUCTS  CO.,  INC. 
90  North   Ninth  Street 
Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.  J.  Grossman,  pres.;  J.  J. 
Steinharter,  trees.;  Charles  E.  Carlson, 
dir.  plastics  research;  N.  Shukovsky. 
pur.  agent. 


MARTIAL  ft  SCULL 

I  East  53rd  Street 
New  York  II,  N.Y. 

MARLEY  CHEMICAL  CO. 
6537  Russell  Street 
Detroit  II.  Mich. 

Personnel:   D.  Sanderson,   pres.;   H.   R. 
Smith,  chief  chemist. 

MARSH  WALL  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

Dover,  Ohio 

Branch  Office:  360  N.  Michigan  Ave.. 
Chicago:  101  Park  Ave.,  New  York-  L. 
W.  Ramsey,  130  W.  Chippewa  St  Buf- 
falo, N.Y.;  Marsh  Products  of  New 
England,  2&-A  Otis  St..  Cambridge, 
Mass.;  Marsh  Wall  Products  of  Detroit 
M32  Cass  Ave.,  Detroit;  Marsh  Wall 
Products  Co..  1628  Webster  St.,  Oak- 
land, Calif;  Marsh  Wall  Products  of  St. 
Louis,  3034  Washington  Blvd..  St.  Louis- 
Marsh  Products,  Inc..  1018  18th  St. 
N.W.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  A.  C.  Marsh,  pres.;  V.  R. 
Marsh,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.*  John  J. 
Marsh,  secy,  ft  sales  mgr.:  J.  H.  Marsh, 
treas.;  S.  A.  Kinsey,  chief  engr,;  Hugh 
Niuman,  chief  chemist;  C.  F.  Fernsell, 
pur.  agent. 

MARTINDELL  MOLDING  CO. 

North  Olden  at  Sixth  Street 
Trenton,  NJ. 

Branch    Office:    J.    M.     Kendall,     1182 
Broadway,  New  York. 
Personnel:  M.  H.  Mertindell,  pres.;  G. 
C.  Zentmayer,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  Anna 
S.  Martindell,  secy. 

MARX,  ERICH 

3424  West  Eighth  Street 
Los  Angeles  S,  Calif. 

MASONITE  CORP..  THE 

1 1 1   West  Washington  Street 

Chicago  2,   III. 

MASTER  METALCOATERS 
2415  South  Prairie  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  S.  W.  deKoven  &  E.  B.  Sills, 
mgrs.;  L.  Bell,  supt. 

MASTERCRAFT  PLASTICS  CO. 

95-01    150th  Street 
Jamaica,  Long  Isand,  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Foster   Monaco,   pres.;    Roe 
Monaco,  vice-pres.;  I,  H.  Weiss,  secy.; 
E.  W.  Levien,  treas. 

MATHESON  COMPANY,  INC. 
339  Peterson  Plank  Road 
East  Rutherford.  N.J. 

MATHIESON  ALKALI  WORKS 
60  East  42nd  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

MATTISON    MACHINE   WORKS 
Rockford.  III. 

MATZNER,  S.  CO. 

28  West  38th  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  S.  Matzner,  owner. 

MAVCO  SALES,  INC. 

14  East  38th  Street 

New  York  16.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.   Murray  Beveridge.  pres.: 

G.  Witthohn,  asst.  to  pres.;  t.  H.  Ven- 

dig,  adv.  mgr. 

MAXIM  CHEMICAL  CO.,  INC. 

44  Cliff  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

MAYFAIR  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 

4440  Elston  Avenue 

Chicago  30,  III. 

Personnel:   A.  J.   Larson,   pres.   I   gen 

mgr.;  B.  Theis.  vice-pres.;  G.  T.  Adams, 

trees.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr..  dir.   public 

relations  &  pur.  agent;  B.  Urban,  chief 

engr.;  A.  Brodford,  shop  foreman. 

MAYWALD,  ELMER  C. 

I 1  South  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

MEAD  ft  COMPANY 

P.O.  Box  3348 

Jefferson  Station  14 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Plant:  901 1  Central  Avenue.  Detroit. 

Personnel:  John  Mead  Jr.,  owner;  Irma 


DRACKETT 


A  NEW  LINE  OF 

IMPACT  PHENOLIC 

MOLDING  COMPOUNDS 

L     Unusual  Uniformity 

2.  Controlled  Flow 

3.  No  Resin  Segregation 

4.  Minimum   Shrinkage  and 
Warpage 

5.  Exceptionally  Good  Sur- 
face Finish 


If  you  have  an  application  for 
a  phenolic  compound  with  im- 
pact strengths  of  from  C.F.I.  5  to 
30,  you'll  be  interested  in  know- 
ing more  about  this  new  ma- 
terial. 


DRACKETT 

COMPANY 

CINCINNATI    32,    OHIO 


,«  v  T  i  r.  s 


MILLING  ATTACHMENT  FOR  VERTICAL 
OR  HORIZONTAL  MILLING  MACHINES. 
BALL  BEARINGS  ON  ALL  SPINDLES. 


#7  B  &  S;  #2  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


FOR  GLASS,  PORCELAIN,  DIE  CAST  OR 
PLASTIC  MOLDS,  METAL  PATTERNS, 
FORGING  DIES,  MODEL  MAKERS,  FORMING 
DIES,  AUTOMOBILE  AND  SHEET  METAL 
DIES.  OR  ANY  CAVITY  MOLDS. 


*7  B  (,  S;  tl  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


ADAPTER  TO  FIT  MACHINE. 

CLAMPS  ON  MACHINE  AND  ADAPTER. 

SOLID  AS  A  ROCK. 


A  number  of  mold  makers,  both  plastic  and 
die  casting,  have  requested  us  to  make  a  90° 
head  to  go  on  their  milling  machines,  for  those 
jobs  they  could  not  do  with  their  present  ver- 
tical and  horizontal  machines,  in  milling  hard- 
to-get-at  cavities  in  molding  dies. 

Well,  we  have  met  that  request,  and  your  mill- 
ing machine  heads  are  ready  to  go  to  work. 
The  orders  that  mold  makers  are  sending  us, 
by  wire,  by  phone,  by  mail — and  the  satisfied 
letters  that  come  back,  are  proof — You  need 
it  too. 

Deliveries — Two  Weeks. 


INVINCIBLE  TOOL  CO. 

62OO  EMPIRE  BL  PITTSBURGH  22,  PA 

Afa^^td  o^  flak  letted  a*td  £06  P*ave*t  *7ooU  _ 


Mead,  secy.;  Fred  Naget,  gen.  mgr.; 
W.  C.  Young,  chief  engr. 

MEARL  CORP..  THE 

153  Waverly  Place 

New  York  14,  N.Y. 

Plantt:  Eastport,  Me.;  Roselle  Park,  N.J. 

Personnel:   Francis   Earle,   pres.;   Burton 

Turner,  vice-pres.;  H.   Mattin,  secy.   & 

treas. 

MECHANICAL  MOLD  &  MACH. 

962  South  High  Street 
Akron  1 1,  Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  I.  Kittinger,  pres.;  f.  J. 
Pfeifle.  vice-pres.;  H.  M.  Haas,  asst. 
secy.  &  asst.  treas.;  &.  T.  Parsch,  sales 
mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  John  Mas- 
line,  chief  engr.;  C.  C.  Trommer,  pur. 
agent. 

MECUM,  CLARKE  W. 

2876  Middletown  Road 

Bronx  61,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Clarke  W.  Mecum,  owner. 

MEHRER,  TED 

101   Park  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 

MEISSNER  MFG.  COMPANY 

628  Bellmont  Street 
Mt.  Carmel,  III. 

Branch  Office:  Palmotive  Bldg.,  Chi- 
cago. 

Personnel:  James  T.  Watson,  pres.  & 
oen.  mgr.;  G.  V.  Hockey,  vice-pres.  & 
adv.  mpr.;  Madge  A.  Hubbard,  secy.; 
6.  W.  Osbeck.  treas.;  Oden  F.  Jester, 
salet  mgr.;  E.  J.  Stanmvre,  chief  engr.; 
L.  0.  White,  dir.  public  relations;  E. 
M.  Braun,  pur.  agent. 

MENARD.  OMER  A. 

301  East  53rd  Street.  N.Y..  N.Y. 

MENGEL  COMPANY 
Louisville.   Ky. 

Branch  Offices:  U.S.-Mengel-Plywpods. 
Inc.,  Atlanta:  Jacksonville;  Louisville  & 
New  Orleans. 

Personnel:  A.  A.  Voit.  ores.;  A.  L.  Ent- 
wistle.  asst.  to  pres.;  W.  R.  Jones,  vice- 
pres.  &  mgr.  mdse.  div. 

MERCK  S  CO.,  INC. 
Rahway.  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Los  Angeles; 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  St.  Louis. 
Personnel:  G.  W.  Merck,  pres.:  J.  J 
Kerrigan,  vice-pres.:  Oscar  R.  Ewing 
secy.;  R.  E.  Gruber  *  H.  W.  Johnstone 
treas.;  Dr.  Ralph  T.  Maior,  dir.  re 
search:  D.  W.  Coutlee.  adv.  mgr. 
Joseph  Rosin,  dir.  public  relations. 

MERIX  PHOTO  COMPANY 

400  North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  II,  III. 

Personnel:  Eric  O.  Sonneman,  owr.er  & 
qen.  mgr.;  E.  Arschack,  secy.;  Max 
Sonneman,  sales  mgr. 

MERRI-PLASTIC  CO. 

419  South  Western 

Los  Angeles  5,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Robert  C.  Merrifield.  owner; 

Gladys  F.  Merrifield,  gen.  mgr. 

MERRITT  ENGR.  &  SALES  CO. 

120  South   Niagara  Street 
Lockport,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  H.  Merritt,  pres.;  H.  P. 
Banks,  vice-pres.;  L.  A.  Spalding,  secy. 
&  sales  mgr.;  E.  J.  Gleason.  treas.;  J. 
G.  Goffin.  gen.  mgr.;  W.  C.  Travers, 
pur.  agent. 

METAL  SPECIALTY  CO. 

Este  Avenue  and  B.&O.  Railroad 
Sales  Office:  Detroit. 
Branch  Plant:  S.  L  St.,  Richmond,  Ind. 
Personnel:    Arnold   Tietig,    gen.    mgr.; 
Sterling  Cramer,  mgr.  plastics  div. 

METAPLAST  COMPANY 

205  West  19th  Street 
New  York    II,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  Harold  W.  Mesberg,  dir. 
sales  i  adv. 

METASAP  CHEM.  CO.,  INC. 

First  and  Essex  Streets 

Harrison,  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  10  High  St.,  Boston;  701 


Wissahickson  Ave.,  Cedartown,  Ga.; 
3625  Jasper  Place,  Chicago. 
Personnel:  C.  P.  Gulick,  pres.  &  ch.  of 
board;  T.  A.  Printon  vice-pres.;  A.  A. 
Vetter,  secy.;  R.  Wechsler,  treas.;  O.  E. 
Lohrke,  sales  mgr.;  E.  T.  Woods,  chief 
engr.;  F.  J.  Licata,  chief  chemist;  M. 
F.  O'Connell.  adv.  mgr.;  F.  Jones,  pur. 
agent. 

MEYER  AND  BROWN  CORP. 

347  Madison  Avenue 

New  York  17,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Herbert    E.    Meyer,    pres.; 

Phillip  N.  Felleman,  vice-pres.  i  sales 

mgr. 

MEYERCORD  CO.,  THE 

5323  West  Lake  Street 
Chicago  44,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  Leonard  H.  Knopf,  pres.;  H. 
C.  Castle,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.:  J. 
E.  Sheehan,  secy.;  A.  O.  Johnson, 
treas.;  Ralph  Royer,  adv.  mgr.;  W.  A. 
Rapp,  sales  promotion  mgr.;  Wm.  Ort- 
iep,  pur.  agent. 

MICA    INSULATOR  COMPANY 

200  Variclc  Street 

New  York   14,  N.Y. 

Branch    Offices:    285    Columbus    Ave., 

Boston;  400  W.  Van  Buren  St.,  Chicago; 

Marion  Bldg.,  Cleveland. 

Personnel:  M.  A.  Chapman,  pres.;  C.  P. 

Mills,    vice-pres.    in    charge    sales;    E. 

Nelson,  secy.  &  treas. 

MICAMOLD  RADIO  CORP. 

1087  Flushing  Avenue 

Brooklyn  6,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   A.   P.   Hirsch.   pres.;   F.   A. 

Whiting,  vice-pres.;   E.   B.  Tyler,  sales 

mgr.;  A.  Di  Giacomo,  chief  engr.;  J. 

Roth,  pur.  agent. 

MICARTA  FABRICATORS.  INC. 

5324  Ravenswood  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Edward  Metzger,  gen.  mgr.; 
Harry  A.  Olson,  sales  mgr.;  Peter  Sor- 
ensen,  pur.  agent. 

MICHIGAN  MOLDED  PLASTICS 

S  Street 
Dexter,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices:  Buffalo;  Cleveland; 
Dayton'  Detroit;  Kansas  City,  Mo.; 
Moline,  III. 

Personnel:  John  G.  Rossiter.  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  L.  W.  Seybold,  vice-pres.  & 
treas  •  f  H.  Whitman,  vice-pres.;  Dan 
Vass,  secy.;  Robert  W.  Wilson  sales 
mgr.-  R.  C.  Bedell,  chief  engr.  &  chief 
chemist;  Chas.  W.  Wiedman,  dir  plas- 
tics research;  John  L.  Wierengo,  adv. 
mgr.;  F.  A.  Grabert,  pur.  agent. 

MICHIGAN  SCRAP  IRON  & 
METAL  COMPANY 

1551    Caniff  Avenue 
Detroit    1 1,   Mich. 
Personnel:  Alvin  Foon,  mgr. 
MICHIGAN  TOOL  COMPANY 
7171    East   McNichols   Road 
Detroit  12,  Mich. 

Branch  Offices  and  Representatives: 
All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  O.  L.  Bard,  pres.;  M.  R. 
Anderson,  vice-ores.;  J.  R.  Drader, 
gen.  mgr.;  P.  F.  Zerkle,  sales  mgr.; 
C.  R.  Staub,  chief  engr.;  A.  F.  Den- 
ham,  adv.  mgr.;  P.  Norman,  pur. 
agent-  F.  E.  Birtch,  mgr.  cone-drive 
div. 

MICO  INSTRUMENT  COMPANY 
80  Trowbridge  Street 
Cambridge  38,   Mass. 
Personnel:    B.    W.    St.   Clair,    pres.    i 
treas.;   E.   H.   Locke,  vice-pres.;   H.   B. 
Richmond,  secy. 

MIDLAND  DIE  &  ENGRAVING 

1800  West  Berenice  Avenue 
Chicago   13.  III. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Bachner,  pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  J.  E.  Miller  &  Eugene  Treiber, 
vice-pres.;  D.  J.  Rinio,  secy.;  G.  L. 
Bachner,  treas.  &  factory  mgr. 

MIDVALE  COMPANY.  THE 

Nicetown 

Philadelphia  40,    Penna. 

Personnel:  Francis  Bradley,  ores.;  Henry 

H.  Ziesing,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales; 


I     /•  42  T  W  f 


1Q1S 


ieorge  E.  Smith,  vice-pret.;  T.  A.  Sep- 
jngton,  treat.;  J.  P.  Coonahan,  pur. 
gent. 

MIDWEST  MLDG.  &  MFG.  CO. 
19  North  Whipple  Street 
Chicago.  III. 

Penonnel:  T.  E.  Richards  a  Ray  C. 
lauspies,  partners. 

UIDWEST  PLASTIC  PROD.  CO. 

{9th  &  Butler  Streets 
Chicago  Heights.  III. 

Personnel:  C.  C.  Whiteacre,  R.  H. 
Whitacre,  Sybil  Whitacre.  E.  E.  Ecken- 
leek  4  C.  W.  Eckenbeck.  partners;  W. 
.  Hess,  prod.  mgr. 

MIDWEST  PROD.  MACH.  CO. 
63  North  Fourth  Street 
"olumbus   16,  Ohio 

'ersonnel:  William  H.  Kay,  pres.  & 
ten.  mgr.;  F.  E.  Steininger,  vice-pros. 
I.  E.  Hailey.  secv.;  G.  R.  King,  treas. 
E.  Townsend.  tales  mgr.;  J.  A.  Eat 
,hief  engr.;  R.  McAllister,  adv.  mgr.. 
r.  Miller,  dir.  public  relations;  H.  E. 
lurkey.  pur.  agent. 

MILBURN.  ALEX.  CO.,  THE 

416  W.  Baltimore  Street 

laltimore  23,  Md. 
Branch  Offices:  Bourse  Bldg.,  Philadel- 
phia;  130  W.  42nd  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Alexander  F.  Jenkins,  pret., 
treas.   &   gen.   mgr.;  William   L.    Law- 
rence,   vice-pres.    &    tales    mgr.;    Mary 
D.    Magyire,    secy.:    William    E.    Hen- 
ning,    chief    engr.;    Edward    R.    Kanely. 
pur.  agent;  William  Graham,  tupt. 

MILFORD  RIVET  &  MACHINE 

Eryria,  Ohio 

Branch  Office:  Milford,  Conn. 

MILKWEED    PRODUCTS    DEVEL- 
OPMENT CORP. 

400   N.   Mich.  Ave..  Chicago.    III. 
Personnel:  Dr.  Boris  Berkman,  pret. 
MILLER.  H.  WOOD  CO. 
3l5'/2  W.  4  St.,  Davenport.  Iowa 


MILLER.  L.  B.  CO. 

2121  Avenue  U 

Brooklyn.   N.Y. 

Personnel:   L.   B.   Miller,  owner;  W.   A. 

Laine  Jr.,  chief  engr. 

MILLER  DIAL  &  NAME  PLATE 
781   East  Washington  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Penonnel:  C.  W.  Miller,  owner;  H.  R. 
Wede.  chief  engr. 

MILLER-SIMONS,  INC. 

2900  South  61st  Court 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  K.  J.  Miller,  pres.,  trees., 
talet  mgr.,  chief  engr.  Ic  pur.  agent; 
O.  F.  Magaro,  vice-pret.,  tecy.,  gen.  & 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations. 

MILL-O-PLAST  COMPANY 

I  18  Walker  Street 

New  York  13,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  Flushing,  L.I.,  N.Y. 

Penonnel:  David  S.  Lewis,  owner,  tale) 

mgr.    &    dir.    plastict    research;   John 

Bennett  King,  gen.  mgr.  &  chief  engr.; 

Charles  H.  Lewis,  chief  chemitt. 

MILLS.  ELMER  E.  CORP. 
153  West  Huron  Street 
Chicago  10,  III. 

Penonnet:  Elmer  E.  Mills,  pres.,  treas. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  Samuel  Kraus,  vice-pres.; 
Charlotte  Mills,  secy.:  Herbert  S.  Ruek- 
berg,  chief  engr.;  LeRoy  T.  Kinder, 
plant  tupt.;  Mane  Kahn,  pur.  agent. 

MILWAUKEE  IND'L  DESIGNERS 
744  North  Fourth  Street 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Penonnel:  Russell  H.  Bach,  partner  & 
chief  designer;  Edward  C.  Klotz  Jr., 
partner;  Roy  T.  Siren,  engr. 

MINNEAPOLIS  PLASTIC  MOLD- 
ERS,  INC. 

2300  East  31st  Street 

Minneapolis,    Minn. 

Personnel:  J.  E.  Anderson,  pres.,  treat., 


talet  mgr.  1  chief  engr.;  Agnes  S.  An- 
derson, vice-pret.;  J.  Adams,  tecy.;  J. 
(..  Olson,  chief  chemist. 

MINERALITE  SALES  CORP. 

90  Pine  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Penonnel:  W.  S.  Thomas,  pret. 

MINNESOTA  MINING  &   MFG. 
900    Fauquier   Avenue 
St.  Paul  6,  Minn. 
Branch    Offices:    Boston;    Buffalo:   Chi- 
cago;   Cincinnati;    Detroit;     Lot    An- 
geles;    New    York;     Philadelphia:     St. 
Louit;  San   Francisco;  Seattle. 
Personnel:  W.  H.  McKnight,  pret.;  A. 
G.  Bush,  vice-pret.  &  gen.  mgr.;  C.  H. 
King,  tecy.;  A.  E.  Kimball,  dir.  public 
relationt. 

MINNESOTA  PLASTICS  CORP. 
366  Wacouta  Street 
St.  Paul   I.  Minn. 

Penonnel:  Herbert  R.  Galloway,  pret.; 
J.  J.  Brandt,  vice-pret.  &  chief  engr.; 
Robert  P.  Galloway,  secy.:  Jamet  H. 
Thomas,  talet  mgr.;  R.  J.  Butek,  pur. 
agent. 

MIRACLE  ADHESIVES  CORP. 

852  Clinton  Avenue 
Newark  8.  N.J. 

Penonnel:  Lloyd  R.  Cutler,  pret.  S 
talet  mgr.;  John  H.  Shakeihaft,  tecy.; 
J.  Franklin  Perry,  treat.;  Sanford  C. 
Reynoldt,  tales  promotion  mgr. 

MIRACLE  PLASTIC  MFG.  CO. 

59  West  21st  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Penonnel:  Sol  J.  Steinberg,  J.  Sills  & 
N.  Satloff,  partnert. 

MISENER  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
326-8  East  Washington  Street 
Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  L.  Misener,  pres.;  John 
A.  Misener,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  I.  M. 
Ballard,  trees.;  George  B.  Armatage, 
tales  &  adv.  mgr. 


MITCHELL  BUTTON  CO.  LTD. 

97  Victoria  Street,  North 
Kitchener,  Ontario,  Can. 
•ranch    Officei:    42}    Mayor    St..    Mon- 
treal; ft  Spadina  Av«.,  Toronto:  Banna- 
tyn.   Avc..   Winnipeg;   334  Water   St.. 
Vancouver. 

P.uonnel:  Wm.  E.  Mitchell.  pr>f.;  S.  E. 
Mitchell,  vice-prei.;  L.  6.  E.  Mitchell. 
tecy.  t  treat.;  Geo.  C.  McCarthy,  pur. 
agent. 

MODERN  ENGR.  CO..  INC. 
3401-15  Pine  Boulevard 
St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Penonnel:  A.  J.  Feutek,  prei.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Irw.  F.  Feutek,  vice-prel.  1 
treat.;  John  J.  Keene,  secy.,  sales  I 
adv.  mgr.;  N.  A.  Schmidt,  chief  engr.; 
Barney  A.  Bizzell,  pur.  egent. 

MODERN   MACHINE  CO. 
323   Berry  Street 
Brooklyn   II.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  S.   B.  BaliaefT.  owner. 

MODERN  PLASTIC  CO. 

4641    Pacific  Boulevard 

Los  Angeles  1 1 ,  Calif. 

Penonnel:  Geo.  W.  Van  Vortt  S  Ken- 

neth  F.  Cerraher,  pertnen;  O.  A.  Wett- 

gaard,  gen.  mgr.;  Milton  Pettit,  pur. 

agent. 

MODERN  PLASTICS  CORP. 

North  Shore  Drive 
Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 
Branch  Office:  Hamilton  Associated  In- 
dustrial.  444   N.   Michigan   Ave..  Chi- 
cago. 

Penonnel:  Walter  Miller,  prei.  &  treat.; 
E.  O.  Wokeck.  vice-pret.  &  chief  engr.; 
Stanley  Miller,  tecv.;  C.  F.  Braund. 
estt.  mgr.;  R.  J.  Burke,  pur.  agent. 

MODERN  PLASTICS  ENGR.  CO. 

16  Lewis  Drive 

South  Orange,  N.J. 

Penonnel:    Anthony    Terpak,    prei.    1 

treat. 


Awarded  January  21,    1943 


U.  S.  NAVY  OFFICIAL  PHOTO 


.  .  .  .  the  E  Award  was  given  to  the  Guy  P.  Harvey  organization  for 
quick,  sound  production. 

.  .  .  .  We  make  molds  that  conserve  material,  that  give  quicker  pro- 
duction and  shortcut  some  finishing  operations,  that  give  automatic 
threading,  core  drawing  and  shearing. 

.  .  .  .  We  did  this  type  of  work  before  the  E  was  awarded,  and  we  in- 
tend doing  it  right  on  to  Victory  and  into  the  Peace. 

.  .  .  .  Look  us  up  after  the  war. 


GUY  P.  HARVEY  &  SON 


AMSSACHUSnTS 


MARCH  1945 


I'LASTiCS 


301 


PLASTIC 

INDUSTRIES 

INC. 

SPECIALIZING  IN 

PRECISION 

INJECTION  MOLDING 

of  PHENOLICS 

With  a  modern  plant  and  labora- 
tory we  are  producing  military- 
standard  plastic  parts  with  pre- 
cision and  economy. 

These  facilities  are  at  your  dis- 
posal to  help  solve  your  plastic 
problems. 

PLASTIC 

INDUSTRIES 
INC. 


in  it i  nit n.  OHIO 
C.  D.  Shaw,  Pres. 

Phone:  Bedford   995 


PM 

1L 


MODERN  SOLID-ART  CO. 

816  Lemmon  Street 

Baltimore,   Md. 

Personnel:    Charles    P.    Treppe,    pres.; 

Vincent  J.  Treppe.  treas. 

MODERN  TOOL  WORKS  LTD. 

69  Montcalm  Avenue 
Toronto   10,  Ontario,  Canada 
Personnel:   E.   Barker,   pres.;  H.  Thorne 
vice-pros.;   O.   Talbot,   fecy.   &   treas.; 
W.    Brown,    gen.    mgr.   tool    &    mould 
div.;   J.    Snelling,    gen.    mgr.    machine 
div.;    P.    J.    Swales,    sales    mgr.;    A. 
Thompson    chief  engr.;  A.  Poyntz,  adv. 
mgr.;  H.  Watson,  dir.  public  relations; 
R.  J.  Jack,  pur.  agent. 

MOD6LIN  CO. 

3235  San  Fernando  Road 

Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Wm.   N.   Modglin,  owner  & 

flen.   mgr.;   Clarence  Turner,   secy.;  V. 

Fremstad,  chief  engr.;  Don  Boddye,  dir. 

plastics  research. 

MONARCH     MACHINE    TOOL 

Oak  Street 
Sidney,   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  622  W.  Washington 
Blvd..  Chicago;  Upper  Carnegie  Bldg., 
Cleveland:  10445  Carnegie  Ave.,  Cleve- 
land; Fisher  Bldg.,  Detroit;  Industrial 
Office  Bldg.,  Newark,  N.J.;  Empire 
Bldg.,  Liberty  &  Stanwix  Sts.,  Pitts- 
burgh. 

Personnel:  W.  E.  Whipp.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  F.  C.  Dull,  yice-pres.  &  secy.; 
J.  A.  Raterman,  vice-pres.  &  treas.; 
P.  A.  Abe,  vice-pres.  in  charge  prod.; 
D.  H.  McKeller,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
industrial  relations;  S.  A.  Brandenburg, 
sales  mgr.;  Kermit  T.  Kuck,  chief  engr.; 
A.  O.  Leckey.  pur.  agent. 

MOGLEN  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

9  East  16th  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Maxwell  D.  Moglen,  partner. 

MOLDING   CORPORATION    OF 
AMERICA.  INC. 

58  Weybosset  Street 
Providence  3.  Rhode  Island 
Plant:  40  Church  St.,  Pawtueket,  R.  I. 
Personnel:  Chas.  H.  O'Koomian,  treas., 
sales  mgr.  &  chief  engr. 

MONAPLASTICS,  INC. 

Georgetown,  Conn. 
Personnel:    W.    C.    Monahan,    pres.    & 
treat. ;   A.    D.    Nicoll,   vice-pres.;    E.    E. 
Tevis,  secy.;  Sydney  Morrell.  gen.  mgr. 

MONROE  AUTO  EQPT.  CO. 

East  Front  Street 
Monroe,  Mich. 

Branch  Plants:  FrencMown  plant.  Mon- 
roe. Mrch.;  Summerfteld  plant.  Peters- 
burg, Mich.;  Bedford  plant,  Temper- 
ance, Mich. 

Personnel:  8  0.  Mclntyre,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  D.  Mclntyre,  vfce-pres,  & 
treas.;  C.  S.  Mclntyre,  secy.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Capt.  Arthur  Boor,  chief  ennr.; 
Dave  Legault,  adv.  mgr.;  Don  Wolfe, 
dir.  public  relations:  Geo.  Henrich, 
pur.  agent;  Earl  Walker,  matter  me- 
chanic; Don  Fraser,  mgr.  rubber  div.; 
Wayne  Sowers,  mgr.  plastics  div. 

MONSANTO  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Merrimoc  Division 

Everett,  Mass. 

Personnel:   D.   S.    Dlnsmoor,   gen.   mgr. 

Merrimec  div.;  L.  A.  Pratt,  gen.  sales 

mgr.;  W.   S.  Wilson,   dir.   research;  J. 

J.  Healy  Jr.,  dir.  development. 

MONSANTO  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Plastics  Division 
^oringfield,  Mass. 
Branch    Offices:    Tribune    Tower,    Chi- 
cago;   Fisher    Bldg.,    Detroit;    605    W. 
Olympic     Blvd..     Los     Angeles;     RCA 
Bldg..  New  York;  Paul  Brown  Bldg.,  St. 
Louis. 

Personnel:  Charles  Be! knap,  pres.,  St. 
Louis;  F.  N.  Williams,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  F.  A.  Abblati,  gen.  sales  mgr.; 
N.  N.  Samaras,  dir.  plastics  research; 
M.  A.  Brown  Jr.,  sales  promotion  mgr.; 
J.  Handly  Wright,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions, St.  Louis. 

MONSANTO  CHEMICAL  CO. 

1700  South  Second  Street 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Personnel:  Charles  Belknap,  pres.;  Wil- 
liam M.  Rand,  vice-pres.;  W.  W. 
Schneider,  «ecy.;  F.  A.  Ulmer,  treas.; 


302 


PLASTICS 


Osborne  Bezanson,  gen.  mgr.;  Fred  C. 
Renner,  sales  mgr.;  Joe  B.  Rutter,  dir. 
engr.;  Dr.  L.  P.  Kyrides,  dir.  research; 
J.  Handy  Wright,  dir.  public  relations; 
Howard  Marple.  adv.  mgr.;  C.  A. 
Wolfe,  pur.  agent;  L.  A.  Watt.  dir. 
development. 

MONTREAL  SAWDUST  & 
WOODFLOUR  CORP. 

5584   Christophe   Colomb   Street 
Montreal   34,  Quebec,  Can. 
Personnel:  Henri  M.  Samson,  owner. 
MONTROSE  PAPER  MILLS 
865   North  Sangamon  Street 
Chicago  22,  III. 

Personnel:  Max  J.  Rosenberg,  pres.; 
Dora  G.  Rosenberg,  secy.;  Nathan  T. 
Rosenberg,  sales  mgr. 

MOORE  SPEC.  TOOL  CO.,  INC. 

740   Union  Avenue 
Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Richard  F.  Moore,  pres.. 
treas.,  gen.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; William  D.  Angell.  vice-pres.;  J. 
Robert  Moore,  secy.;  Edward  Shaw  Sr., 
sales  mgr.;  Frederick  C.  Victory,  chief 
engr.;  Fred  Wittner  Agency,  adv.; 
Louis  J.  Kish,  pur.  agent. 

MORRELL,  GEORGE  CORP. 

P.O.  Box   155 
Muskegon  Heights,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Charles  F.  Moore,  pres.;  Al- 
bert   Lyonnais,    vice-pres.;    Joseph    T. 
Riley,  secy.;  E.  W.  Borgeson,  treas. 

MORSE    TWIST    DRILL    &    MA- 
CHINE CO. 

163  Pleasant  Street 

New  Bedford,   Mass. 

Branch   Offices:  570  W.    Randolph   St. 

Chicago;   130  Lafayette  St..  New  York; 

1180  Folsom  St.,  San    Francisco. 

Personnel:  W.  T.   Read,  pres.  &  treas. 

MOSINEE  PAPER  MILLS  CO. 

2307  Tribune  Tower 

Chicago  II,  III. 

Mill:  Mosinee,  Wis. 

Personnel:  Geo.  K.  Gibson,  sales  mgr. 

MOULDED  PLASTIC  SPECIAL- 
TIES REG'D. 

559  Inspector  Street 
Montreal,  Quebec,  Can. 
Personnel:  W.  M.  Sperling,  owner. 

MOULDED  PRODUCTS  CO. 
4533  West  Harrison  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  D.  R.  Siragusa,  pres.;  W. 
Goodlett,  secy.;  P.  Zazzara,  gen.  mgr.; 
F.  J.  Brown,  pur.  agent. 

MOULDED  PRODUCTS  CO. 

5151    North  32nd  St.. 
Milwaukee    19,  Wisconsin 
Branch    Offices:    Chicago;    Cincinnati; 
Cleveland;    Detroit;    Kansas    City;    St. 
Louis;     Los     Angeles;     San     Francisco; 
Seattle. 

MT.    VERNON-WOODBERRY 
MILLS.  INC. 

Mercantile    Trust    Building 
Baltimore,  Md. 

MUEHLENSTEIN,  H..  CO. 

122  E.  42nd  Street 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 

MULLER-MUNK.   PETER 

1831    Murray  Avenue 
Pittsburgh,  Penna. 
Personnel:    Peter    Muller-Munk,    owner; 
Paul  Karlen,  associate. 

MULTI-PLASTICS 

155   North  Vermont  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  4,  Calif. 
Personel:  D.  C.  Siteman,  gen.  mgr. 

MULTI-PRODUCTS  TOOL  CO. 

123  Sussex  Avenue 
Newark,  NJ. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  J.  A.  Wilson,  partner 
&  gen.  mgr.;  R.  Hartmann,  partner;  R. 
Wasuary.  chief  engr.;  E.  Orban,  pur. 
agent;  R.  Whitney,  chief  chemist. 

MUNISING  PAPER  CO..  THE 

135  South   La  Salle  Street 
Chicago  3,  III. 
Mill:  Munising,  Mich. 
Personnel:  B.  L.  Trillich,  pres. 

MARCH  1945 


UNNING    &    RUNNING,    INC. 
Emmatt  Street 
rart  5.  N.J. 

Iranch  Offices:  II  W.  42nd  St..  New 
-fork:  5J2I  Caitor  Ave..  Philadelphia;  75 
[South  St.,  Woontocket.  R.I. 

Personnel:  P.  P.  Munning.  pres.;  A.  P. 
Munning  &  J.  A.  Mvjnning.  vice-prat.; 
Wilbur  J.  Winward.  chief  engr. 

MURCHEY  MACH.  &  TOOL  CO. 
951    Porter  Street 
Detroit  26,  Mich. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Prance,  pres.;  M.  C. 
Murfin.  vice-pres.;  F.  A.  Chapin  asst. 
MCI.;  W.  N.  Gall,  treat.;  L.  E.  Walker. 
gen.  mgr.;  Charles  Gross,  sales  mgr.; 
C.  Laemmel.  chief  engr.;  D.  Landen. 
pur.  agent;  J.  B.  Coyle.  terv.  mgr. 

MUSSER,  H.  M.  &  CO. 

717  North  Prince  Street 
Lancaster,  Penn. 

Personnel:  Alphonse  Knoedler,  prel.; 
Karl  Loos,  vice-pret.  &  chief  chemitt; 
Francis  S.  Hoffman,  tecy.  &  treas. 

MYCALEX  CORP.  OF  AMERICA 

60  Clifton  Boulevard 

Clifton,  NJ. 

Branch    Office    30    Rockefeller    Plaza. 

New  York. 

Personnel:  Jerome  Taishoff,  pres.;  A.  J. 

Monack,    vice-pret.    in    charge    engr.; 

Elizabeth  A.  McGranaghan,  pur.  agent. 

MYSTIK  ADHESIVE  PRODUCTS 
2635  North  Kildare  Avenue 
Chicago  39.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  E.  E.  Esch.  Curtis  Bldg.. 
Detroit;  E.  O.  Ingalls,  5118  Melrpte 
Ave..  Lot  Angeles;  Jos.  M.  Rothschild, 
1775  Broadway,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Russell  J,  Leander,  pres.  & 
treat.-  John  K.  Leander,  vice-pres., 
gen.  &  tales  mgr.;  Chris  Kurzweil,  chief 
engr.;  Ashley  Fulton,  dir.  research;  M. 
Skepner,  chief  chemitt;  Marvin  T. 
Green,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; A.  Krueger,  pur.  agent. 

NA-MAC  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

1027  North  Seward  Street 

Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Personnel:    Wm.    Nassour,    pres.;    Fred 

Nastour,  secy.   &  treat. 

NASH  ENGINEERING  CO. 

South  Norwalk.  Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  All   principal  citiet. 

NATIONAL  ACME  CO..  THE 

1  70  East  I  3  1  st  Street 

Cleveland.   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Detroit;  Newark,  N.J. 

Personnej:  F.  H.  Chapin,  pres.;  R.  C. 
Kinley,  vice-pres.;  T.  L.  Strimple,  secy.; 
G.  J.  Steinbicker.  treas.;  C.  W.  Simp- 
son, gen.  mgr.;  R.  Rhodenamel,  tales 
mgr.;  A.  E.  Drissner,  chief  engr.;  L.  E. 
Honeywell,  adv.  mgr.;  Rex  Gosling. 
pur.  agent. 

NATIONAL  ANILINE  DIVISION 
Allied  Chemical  &  Dye  Corp. 
40  Rector  Street 
New  York  6.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Boston;  Char- 
lotte, N.C.;  Chattanooga;  Chicago: 
Greensboro:  New  Orleans;  Philadel- 
phia; Portland,  Ore.;  Providence;  San 
Francisco;  Toronto. 
Personnel:  B.  R.  Price,  pub.  dir. 

NATIONAL  AUTOMATIC  TOOL 

South  Seventh  and  N  Streets 
Richmond,  Ind. 

Branch  Offices:  1807  Elmwood  Ave.. 
Buffalo.  N.Y  •  Engineering  Bldg..  Chi. 
cago:  New  Center  Bldg.,  Detroit;  155 
E.  +«th  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  H.  W.  Bockhoff.  pres.;  E.  D. 
Frank,  vice-pres.;  A.  M.  McRae,  secy.; 
R.  C.  Schuermen,  treat.;  F.  J.  Petert. 
dir.  public  relations:  P.  G.  Nolte.  pur. 
agent. 

NATIONAL  BRONZE  STUDIOS 
822  South  Central  Avenue 
Los  Angelet  21.  Calif. 
Personnel:  Henry  S.  Mark,  owner. 


NATIONAL  DECALCOMANIA 
250  N.  60th  St. 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 

NATIONAL  FABRICATED  PROD. 
2650  W.  Belden  Avenue 
Chicago,   III. 

Branch  Office:  420  Lexington  Ave.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  R.  L.  Freeman,  pres.:  M.  E. 
Paradise,  vice-pres.  &  treas.:  8.  Para- 
dise, secy.;  W.  M.  Charney,  gen.  mgr. 
&  chief  engr.;  Claude  R.  Booth,  sales 
mgr.;  Havard  P.  Ritsch,  chief  chemist: 
Franklin  Adv.  Agency,  adv.;  Charles 
Michl,  pur.  agent. 

NATIONAL   FABRICATING  CO. 

129-01  North  Conduit  Avenue 
South  Ozone  Pk,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Vincent  Fitchett.  partner  & 
chief  engr.;  Charles  Fischett,  partner, 
gen.  &  sales  mgr.;  B.  J.  Benjamin,  dir. 
public  relations. 

NATIONAL  LOCK  CO. 

1902  Seventh  Street 
Rockford.    III. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Strandquist,  pres.;  M. 
A.  Sommer,  vice-pres..  tecy.  &  treat.; 
A.  H.  Charles,  vice-pret.,  gen.  &  sales 
mgr.;  W.  A.  Weymouth,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  plastics  div.;  R.  E.  Larson,  chief 
engr.;  Wm.  Ertkine,  chief  chemist:  H. 
M.  Johnson,  adv.  mgr.;  C'.  M.  Ober- 
ling,  pur.  agent. 

NATIONAL  OIL  PRODUCTS  CO. 
First  and    Essex  Streets 
Harrison,  NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  10  High  St..  Boston;  701 
Wissahickon  Ave.,  Cedartown.  Ga.; 
3625  Jasper  Place,  Chicago. 
Personnel:  C.  P.  Gulick,  ch.  of  board; 
P.  S.  Brown,  G.  D.  Davit  &  T.  A. 
Printon  vice-pres.;  A.  A.  Vetter.  secy.: 
R.  Wechsler,  treat.;  E.  T.  Woods,  chief 
engr.;  Dr.  E.  A.  Robinson,  chief  chem- 
ist; M.  F.  O'Connell,  adv.  mgr.;  F. 
Jones,  pur.  agent. 

NATIONAL  PLASTIC  PROD.  CO. 

Odenton,  Md. 
Personnel:  Ephraim  Winer,  gen.  mgr.; 
John  J.  Wagner,  salet  mgr.;  David 
Hoffman,  pur.  agent;  Lee  F.  Samler, 
chief  engr.  &  dir.  plattict  retearch; 
Wilner  Advertising  Co..  adv.  mgr. 

NATIONAL  PLASTICS,  INC. 

2330  McCala  Avenue 

Knoxville   2,  Tenn. 

Personnel:  C.  Van   Deventer  III.  pres.; 

Robert    R.    Van    Deventer,    vice-pret.; 

Col.  C.   Van   Deventer.  tecy.   &   treat 

NATIONAL  TOOL  &  MFG.  CO. 
North   12th  Street 
Kenilworth.   NJ. 

Branch  Office:  90  West  St.,  New  York 
Personnel:  William  Zeus,  pres.  &  gen 
mgr.'  Timothy  D.  Sullivan  vice-pres 
&  sales  mgr.;  Richard  V.  Stein,  secy. 
Herbert  Binder,  treat.;  R.  J.  Dreyer 
sales  mgr.;  Herman  Oesterle,  chie 
engr.-  John  G.  Swanson,  dir.  plastic 
research;  Siqfrid  W.  Specht.  chief 
chemist;  Samuel  C.  Goodman,  dir 
public  relations;  Edward  G.  Leonard 
pur.  agent. 

NAT'L  TRANSPARENT  BOX  CO.: 

NAT'L  TRANSPARENT  PLASTICS 

CO. 

1897  Columbus  Avenue 

Springfield.   Mass. 

Branch    Office:    507    Fifth    Ave..    New 

York. 

Personnel:  Arnold  Aronson.  pres.:  Rus 

tell  Chapin,  vice-pres.  &  treat.;  Cath 

erine  H.  Chapin.  secy. 

NATIONAL  VARNISHED    PROD 

211  Randolph  Avenue 
Woodbridge.  NJ. 
Personnel:  F.  M.  Damirz,  pres.:  V 
Bator,  secy.;  P.  H.  Kempner.  treat.;  S 
Sichermann,  sales  mgr.;  L.  J.  Stage 
chief  chemist. 

NATIONAL  VULCANIZED  FIBRE 
Wilmington  99.  Del. 
Branch  Offices:  Baltimore;  Bluefield.  W. 
Va.;  Boston;  Chicago:  Cincinnati: 
Cleveland:  Dayton;  Denver;  Detroit; 
Greenville,  S.C.;  Los  Angelet:  Milwau- 


MOLDEZE 

Die  New  Mold  Treatment  for  Plattiu  and  Rubber 


Mltory  of  our  IndultnT  .  .  .  IOV  Uierl. 
MOLDEZE  it  of  Ih.  teriei  of  MICRONOIL  ELECTRONIZfD 
PRODUCTS  .  .  .  NOW  USED  BY  HUNDREDS  OF  THE  LEADING 
FIRMS  IN  PRODUCTION  FOR  WAR  So  e»traordinory  ore  those 
products  that  unprecedented  performance  records  hove  been 
eitabliihed. 

Trie  memorandum  thai  Mlowt  present!  a 
few  of  the  (orient  attributes 
of  MOLDEZE: 


JeW*^.^- 


„.„,..„ _..d  Canadian  .  .  .  Induitry  hat  b««n  kino*  la  w» 

I*  is  our  duty  to  b»  th«  grootost  posi.blo  torvico  to  it.  W*  know 
of  no  roaton  why  MOLDEZE  thould  not  torvo  you  equally 
»  It  ll  torving  oth«r«.  Nor  do  wo  atk  you  to  byy  a 
pig  in  a  poko"  . . .  boforo  you  iond  ui  an  ordor  for  MOLDEZE 
woaik  y 

SEND  TODAY  FOR  THE  TRIAL  UNIT  ...  and  ploaio  owMino  yovr 
typo*  of  molding,  and  material*  uiod.  Alto.  Oik  iW  a  trial 
bottlo  of  Mieronoil  proforming  machino  lubricant.  Wo  boliovo 
you  will  lik*>  it. 


PBOTECTIVE    COATINGS    INC.    BOX    S6    DET»OIT    27 


ELECTRONIZED  PRODUCTS 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


SERVE  2  PRESSES 
AT  THE  SAMS 


with  a 
DESPATCH 

Plastic  Preheating  a 
OVEX 


ADVANTAGES 

1  Speeds  up  press  operation. 
Has  25  sq.  ft.  of  drawerspace. 
Cuts  molding  time  over  30%. 
Improves  flow,  reduces  rejects. 
Guarantees  heat  uniformity 
Assures  faster  curing. 

•  Built  with  big  roomy  drawers  on 
both  ends,  this  compact  Despatch  oven 
lets  you  feed  2  presses  at  once.  Saves 
time  and  assures  ample  supply  of 
properly  heated  plastic  pre-forms  or 
"biscuits."  Has  10  drawers,  each  19" 
x  19"  x  1!4".  Automatic  thermostat 
control;  heat  range  150°  to  500°  F. 
Fully  guaranteed,  easy  to  use  and  adapt- 
able to  all  molding  requirements. 

WRITE  FOR   IUUETIN   TOD»Y' 


Specialists  in 


kee;  New  Haven;  New  York;  Philadel- 
phia; Pittsburgh;  Rochester.  N.Y.;  St. 
Louts;  San  Francisco;  Seattle. 
Representative:  National  Fibre  Co.  of 
Canada  Ltd..  1411  Crescent  St..  Mon- 
treal &  Atlantic  &  Hanna  Aves.,  Tor- 
onto. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Marshall,  pres.;  J.  K. 
Johnston,  vice-pres.;  F.  I.  Crow,  secy.; 
T.  C.  Taylor,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  H.  C. 
Hackett.  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  F.  A. 
Cobb,  chief  engr.;  G.  H.  Mains,  dir. 
plastics  research  &  chief  chemist;  W. 
E.  Friday,  dir.  public  relations;  J.  P. 
Eckles,  pur.  agent. 

NEAL  &  BRINKER  CO. 

17  Murray  Street 

New  York  7.  N.Y. 

Personnel:    E.   T.    B.    Penman,    pres.;   J. 

M.    Ranker,    adv.    mgr.;    Chas.    Kudrle, 

pur.  agent. 

NEO-A  CORP. 

6   East  53rd   Street 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Norman   E.  Olin,   pres.;  C. 

Olin,  secy.  &  treas. 

NEO  PLASTICS  PRODUCTS  CO. 
55  W..42nd  St..  N.Y.C.  18.  N.Y. 

NEVILLE  COMPANY.  THE 

Neville  Island 

Pittsburgh,  Penna. 

'•rsonnel:  H.   N.   Dauler,  chairman   of 

Doard;    E.    Hodge    Jr.,    pres.;    W.    S. 

Gardiner,  exec,  vice-pres.;  Lee  V.  Dau« 

er,  vice-ores,  in  charge  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  V.  C.  Bane  Jr.,  secy;  D.  W.  Kel- 

>o.  treas.:  M.  Fromm,  jr.  engr.:  L.  M. 
Geiger,  air.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist;  Miss  G.  Renkey,  buyer. 

NEW  ADVANCE  MACH.  CO. 

208  East  Central  Avenue 
Van  Wert.  Ohio 

NEWARK  DIE  COMPANY.  THE 

Newark,   NJ. 

NEW  ENGLAND  NOVELTY  CO. 

98  Adams  Street 
.eominster,  Mass. 

Branch   Office:   254  W.  38th   St.,   New 

York. 

'•rsonnel:  Louis  Levine,  pres.;  Harry 
.evine,  vice-pres.;  Edward  W.  Carlson, 
;ecy.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent;  George 
iauer,  gen.  mgr.;  Sol  Birnbaum,  sales 

mgr.;     Guy     S.     Bixby,     chief     engr.; 

Charles  Dawson,  dir.  plastics  research; 

Arnold    bpitzer,    dir.    public    relations. 

NEW  ENGLAND  SCREW  CO. 

imerald    Street 
eene,  New  Hampshire 
'•nonnel:     Grant     J.     Holt,     pres.     & 
reas.;  Clarence  G.  Holt,  vice-pres.  & 
ecy.;  Grant  B.  Holt,  sales  mgr.;  Lloyd 
Hewett,   pur.  agent. 

NEW  JERSEY  ZINC  CO..  THE 

60  Front  Street 
Mew   York    7.    N.Y. 

alts  Office:  The  New  Jersey  Zinc  Sales 
Co.,  Inc.,  137  Kneeland  St.,  Boston;  221 
N.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago;  Guardian 
'Idg.,  Cleveland  &  Merchants  Exchange 

Idg.,  San  Francisco. 

•rsonnel:  H.  Hardenbergh,  pres.;  M. 

.     Havey,     exec,    vice-pres.:    Samuel 

iker  Jr.,  secy.;   N.  W.  Adsit,   treas.: 

.  M.  Neuman,  gen.  sales  mgr. 

>JEW  METHOD  STEEL  STAMPS 
47  Jos.  Campau  Street 
Detroit  7.  Mich. 

•rsonnel:  Carl  J.  Halborg,  pres.;  C. 
.  Malmstrom,  gen.  mgr.;  M.  Farns- 
orth,  pur.  agent. 

MEW    PLASTIC   CORPORATION 

017   North  Sycamore  Avenue 
Hollywood    38,    Calif. 
ersonnel:   Fred   S.  Jahn,   pres.;   H.  G. 
ley   &    Ivan   W.   Coltrane,   vice-pres.; 
.  J.  Stumpf,  sales  mgr.;  Al  Carmien, 
hlef  engr.;  John  Wyckoff,  chief  chem- 

NEW  YpRK  AIR  BRAKE  CO. 

420   Lexington  Avenue 
New  York  17,  N.Y. 
Plant:   Watertown,    N.Y. 
Personnel:    L.    R.    Burch,    pres.;    L.    K. 
Sillcox  &  S.  H.  MacArthur,  vice-pres.; 
R.  K.  Bissell,  secy.;  B.  R.  Peyton,  treas.; 
A.    W.    Laird,    engr.;    R.    R.    Peterson, 
pur.  agent. 


NEW  YORK  QUININE  &  CHEM- 
ICAL WORKS,   INC.,  THE 

99-117   North    I  Ith  Street 
Brooklyn.  N.Y. 

NEWPORT  INDUSTRIES,  INC. 

230  Park  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

NIACET  CHEMICALS  CORP. 

4741    Pine  Avenue 
Niagara    Falls,    N.Y. 
Personnel:  O.  C.  Thompson,  plant  mgr.; 
C.  J.  Herrly,  sales  mgr.;  D.  M.  Rupert, 
chief  engr.;  A.   M.  Matheson,  dir.  re- 
search;  John    Gataba,    adv.    mgr.;    E. 
D'Anna,  dir.  public  relations;  Frank  J. 
McMahon,  pur.  agent. 

NIAGARA  ALKALI  CO. 

60   East  42nd  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

NIAGARA     INSUL     BAKE    SPE- 
CIALTY COMPANY 

483   Delaware  Avenue 

Albany   I.   N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  70  E.  45th  St.,  New  York. 

Personnel:     Ronald     Kinnear,     pres.    & 

treas.;   Kenneth  C.  Ogden,  vice-pres.; 

A.   R.  Van  Hornet  secy.  &  gen.   mgr.; 

Percy  Grafton,  chief  engr. 

NICHOLS  PRODUCTS  CO. 

325  West  Main  Street 
Moorestown,    NJ. 

Personnel:  E.  B.  Nichols,  pres.;  R.  Wil- 
kins,  secy.  &  treas.;  V.  B.  Whitecar, 
pur.  agent. 

NICHOLSON.  W.  H.  &  CO. 

12  Oregon  Street 
Wilkes-Barre,  Penna. 
Personnel:  S.  T.  Nicholson,  pres.;  H.  S. 
Nicholson,    vice-pres.,     gen.,     sales    & 
adv.   mgr.;  S.   R.   Nicholson,   secy.;  W. 
R.    Nicholson,    treas.;    H.    L.   Johnson, 
chief  engr.;   H.  S,    Nicholson  Jr.,    pur. 
agent. 

NIXON  NITRATION  WORKS 
Nixon.    NJ. 

Sales  Representatives:  Chicago;  De- 
troit; Leominster,  Mass.;  New  York;  St. 
Louis. 

Personnel:  Charles  Schuster,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Stanhope  Nixon ^  ch.  of 
board;  Mark  W.  Peters,  vice-pres., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Lewis  Nixon  &  Lewis 
Spinks.  vice-pres.;  M.  Breitkopf.  secy.; 
O.  S.  Blalne,  treas.;  William  Bonham, 
chief  engr.;  Gordon  Schmelter,  dir. 
plastics  research  &  chief  chemist;  H. 
A.  Hendrickson,  pur.  agent. 

NOBLE  &  WESTBROOK  MFG. 

Westbrook  Street 
East  HarHord,  Conn. 

Personnel:  G.  E.  Westbrook,  pres.;  W. 
C.  Westbrook,  secy.  &  gen.  mgr.;  H.  B. 
Noble,  treas.  &  chief  engr.;  R.  H.  Gun- 
ther,  pur.  agent. 

NORTHEASTERN  DISTRIBUTORS 

588  Commonwealth  Avenue 
Boston,   Mass. 

Personnel:  Adolph  Ullman,  pres.;  Mary 
V.  Lynch,  treas.,  Samuel  Olfson,  gen. 
mgr.;  Edward  Cormier,  chief  engr. 

NORTH      AMERICAN      PHILIPS 
100  East  42nd  Street 
New  York    17.   N.Y. 

NORTH    AMERICAN    ELECTRIC 
LAMP  COMPANY 

1 004  Tyler  Street 

St.  Louis  6,  Mo. 

Personnel:  Charles  M.  Rice,  pres.;  Ella 

O.   Cohn    &    D.    R.   Cohen,   vice-pres.; 

Louis    Lander,    secy.,    treas.    &    sales 

mgr.;   H.   N.  Adelstem,   pur.   agent. 

NORTHEASTERN  MOLDING  CO. 

Division    New    Haven    Screw    Ma- 
chine Products  Co. 
16  Manhasset  Street 
Cranston    10,   R.I. 

Personnel:  Anthony  Parillo,  partner; 
Marshall  R.  Howard,  gen.  mgr. 

NORTHERN  IND'L.  CHEM.  CO. 

7-1  I    Elkins  Street 

South  Boston  27,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  G.  Arthur  Worrell,  Cax- 


304 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


ton    lldg..   Cleveland;   C.   J.   Cowan. 

1   1110  Raymond  Blvd..  Newark.  NJ. 
Personnel:  G.  V.  Semmot.  pros.;  J.  C. 

I  fuller,  vice-pro*.,  secy,  a  gen.  mgr.; 
Hans  H.  Wanders,  vice-pros.,  Seles  & 
adv.  mar.'  B.  E.  Schlesinger.  troas.; 
Frederick  C.  Meacham,  dir.  plastics  re- 
March;  Bertha  Fabrizio,  dir.  public  re- 
lations; 6.  V.  Sammet  Jr.,  pur.  agent. 

NORTHWEST  PLASTICS.  INC. 

2233    University  Avenue 

St.   Paul,   Minn. 

Branch  Office:  612   N.  Michigan  Ave.. 

•go* 

Ptnonnel:  C.  C.  Oailey  Jr.,  pres.;  Wm. 
H.  Mahle.  vice-pres.:  C.  C.  Dailey  Sr., 
Mcy.:  T.  C.  Macoubrey,  treat. 

NORTHWEST  SYNDICATE.  INC. 

711   St.  Helens  Avenue 

Tacoma  I.  Wash. 

Branch   Offices:   Atlanta;    Boston;   Chi. 

cago;  Cleveland;  Detroit;  Los  Angeles; 

Milwaukee;    Minneapolis;     New    York; 

St.  Louis;  San  Francisco. 

Personnel:    George    F.    Russell,    pres.; 

Julius    W.     Mann,     vice-pro.;     L.     L. 

Thompson,   secy.;   James    E.    Macpher- 

son.  treas.;  Victor  Kaufman,  adv.  mgr. 

NORTON   COMPANY 
I    New   Bond  Street 
Worcester  6,    Mass. 
Branch  Offices:  4737  S.  Christiana  Ave., 
Chicago;    1306  E.   55th   St..   Cleveland; 
5805  Lincoln   Ave..   Detroit;  998   Farm- 
ington    Ave.,    W.    Hartford,    Conn.;    61 
Broadway,     New    York;    4732    Stenton 
Ave..     Philadelphia;     600     2nd     Ave.. 
Pittsburgh. 

Personnel:  George  N.  Jeppson,  pres.; 
Clifford  S.  Anderson,  secy.;  Milton  P. 
Higgins,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  A.  B. 
^^^•trom,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr., 
abrasive  div.;  Ralph  M.  Johnson,  vice- 
pret,;  A.  B.  Fritts,  publicity  mgr.; 
Marcus  W.  White,  pur.  agent;  Paul 
Fielden,  dir.  of  pur. 

NORTON,  ARTHUR  J. 
2919  First  Avenue,  South 
Seattle  4,  Wash. 
Personnel:  Arthur  J.  Norton,  dir. 


NORTON  LABORATORIES.  INC. 
520   Mill   Street 
Lockport.   N.Y. 

Branch  Office*:  9  S.  Clinton  St..  Chi- 
cago; 347  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  J.  B.  Neal,  pres.  4  gen. 
mgr.;  Margaret  Neal.  vice-pres.;  L  C. 
Laubacker,  secy.;  W.  H.  Hoenig.  treas.; 
H.  G.  Valentine,  sales  mgr.;  J.  W. 
Stecke.  chief  engr.;  Jack  Peck,  chief 
chemist;  M.  L.  Seekins,  factory  mgr. 

NOSCO  PLASTICS 

Div.   National   Organ   Supply   Co. 

1617  Cascade  Street 

Erie,  Penna. 

Personnel:    Harry    Kugel,    pres.;    John 

Hallan.     vice-pros.;      Reuben      Kugel, 

treas. 

NOVEL-CRAFT  MFG.  CO. 
58  East  llth  Street 
New  York  3.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Frank  L.  Weiss,  owner. 

NU-DELL  MFG.  CO. 
2250  North  Pulaslci  Road 
Chicago  39.  III. 

Personnel:  A.  A.  Nudell  &  I.  J.  Nudel- 
man,  partners;  M.  R.  Sangerman,  part- 
ner, gen.  &  tales  mgr.;  J.  B.  Mosak, 
chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  L. 
Lewis,  pur.  agent. 

NU-ENGINEERING    COMPANY 

310  Livernois  Avenue 

Ferndale  20,  Mich. 

Personnel:    Fred    B.    Goulait,    Armand 

Millier  &  John  Neuman,  partners. 

NU-LITE  MFG.  CO. 

546  Bloomfield  Avenue 
Verona,   New  Jersey 

OBRIG,  GORDON  ASSOC. 
7  East  48th  Street 
New  York  City,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Gordon  Obrig,  pres. 


OBRIG  LABORATORIES.  INC. 
49  East  51st  Street 
New  York  22,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  Obrig  Laboratories  Ltd., 
2067  Aylmer  St.,  Montreal. 
Personnel:  Theo.  E.  Obrig,  pros  1 
trees.;  Philip  L  Salvatori,  vice-pros., 
gen.  &  sales  mgr.:  Americo  Orient, 
lecy.,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics  re- 
search; Dr.  Allan  Rouby.  chief  chem- 
ist; Mae  Wagner,  adv.  mgr.  t  dir. 
public  relations;  Douglas  K.  Martin, 
pur.  agent. 

ODEL  TOOL  &  DIE  CO. 

8820  Grinned  Avenue 

Detroit.   Mich. 

Personnel:    A.    Olson    4    F.    Wiswedol. 

partners. 

OHIO-APEX.  INC. 

Nitro.  W.Va. 

Personnel:  A.  A.  Payne,  pres.;  Bernard 
H.  Jacobson  gen.  mgr.;  A.  H.  Adlor, 
chief  engr.;  C.  O.  Locke,  chief  chemist; 
Philip  Barkus,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  W.  Scully, 
pur.  agent. 

OHIO  CRANKSHAFT  CO..  THE 

3800    Harvard   Avenue 

Cleveland    I,   Ohio 

Branch    Offices:    804    W.    Washington 

Blvd.,   Chicago;   475   Fifth   Ave.,    New 

York. 

Personnel:  Wm.  C.  Dunn,  pros.;  F.  S. 
Deneen.  secy  &  treas.;  W.  E.  Benning- 
hoff,  mgr.  Tocco  div. 

OHIO  PLASTIC  CO. 
Frazeysburg,  Ohio 
Personnel:  George  N.  Edwards,  pres.  S 
gen.  mgr.;  R.  V.  Willcon    secy.;  C.  P. 
Willcox,    trees.;   C.    A.    Downey,    pur. 
agent;  R.  V.  Conner,  supt. 

OILGEAR  COMPANY,  THE 
I  301 -141 7  West  Bruce  Street 
Milwaukee  4.  Wis. 
Branch    Offices:    3109    Mayfield    Road. 
Cleveland;    Maccabees    Building,    De- 
troit;   1143    E.   Jersey   Ave.,    Elizabeth, 


NJ.;  727  W.  Seventh  St..  Los  Angeles. 
Personnel:  H.  M.  Swigert.  pros.;  G.  H. 
Fobien  A  W.  Ferris,  vice-pros.;  R.  D. 
Pakenham.  secy.  »  trees.;  H.  Seifert. 

?en.  mgr.;   W.   G.    Prasse,  tales  mg>.; 
.  Wiedmen,  chief  engr.;  M.  E.  Enge- 
bretton,     adv.     mgr.;     E.     Shorer,     dir. 
public  relations;  G.  L.   Hertman,  pur. 
agent. 

OLIVER    MACHINERY   CO. 
1025  Clancy  Avenue.  Northeast 
Grand  Rapids  2.  Mich. 
Branch  Offices:   1450  N.  Monitor  Ave., 
Chicago:   929   S.    Seventh   St.,    Minne- 
apolis; SO  Church  St..  New  York;  Com- 
merce Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 
Personnel:    M.    D.    Baldwin,   ttartner    I 
works   mgr.;    H.    B.    Tuthill.    partner    1 
plant    mgr.;    A.    S.    Kurkjan,    partner    i 
sales  mgr.;  R.  F.  Baldwin,  adv.  mgr.  4 
partner;  Gordon   Hartger,  chief  engr. 

OLSEN,    TINIUS    TESTING    MA- 
CHINE CO.,  INC. 
500  North   12th  Street 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 

Personnel:  T.  Y.  Olson,  pret.  I  trees.; 
Tinius  Olsen  H.  vice-pros.;  Walter  P. 
Haun,  secy.;  T.  L.  Richards,  sales  I 
adv.  mgr.;  R.  B.  Lewis,  chief  engr.; 
C.  R.  Tail.  pur.  agent. 

OLSON  DESIGNERS 

160  West  Walton   Street 

Chicago  10.  III. 

Personnel:  Kenneth  W.  Olson,  pres. 

OLYMPIC  PLYWOOD  CO. 

Shelton.  Wash. 

OMNI  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

40  East  34th  Street 

New  York  16.  N.Y. 

Personnel:   T.    Perutr    pros.;    F.    Breth, 

vice-pros.;    G.    L.    Ottent.    trees.;    A. 

Ambes.  pur.  agent. 

O'NEIL-IRWIN  MFG.  COMPANY 
316    Eighth    Avenue    South 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Personnel:   A.   T.   O'Neil,   gen.    mgr.; 


1.  Aircraft  <  <n-U|iii  Enclosures. 

2.  I  («>|t  TV|M»  Su  |)|ioi-i  N  for 
Wires  anil  Tubes.  :|.  Aircraft 

I  iii-i-i-l  Itlixii-i-N.  I.  I  r;ins|i;ir- 
••III  I  h  <•  i  in  ..  vi- 1  I  i  ii  ^  SIlCClS. 
ItmK.  I  nit, -N.  .inil  I  a-liii^N. 
•"•-  \VeluVr"  S  IV<il<-rli\  i-  I  )-IISI-N 

anil  <eoj<t<l«»*.  <i.  llVal  IJ.--JNI.,III . 
<  li-.ir  .iniM  ,,l<u  i-il  l.i^hi  I  ,-nx.--. 
7.  I  iirilt-  Mi-lci-  CaNt»N  .inil 
Traiis|iarriil  .>lai'hin«>rv  ll«ms- 
iiiUM.  II.  Sirti|»  Tvp«>.  l||Hlek- 
lt«-l«>n<(«»  \\lrt-  Support. 

From   lln-x,-   |>i  ••(  i-ioll    III. Ill  i- 

|iri>iliii  i-  a|  \vnr  loihn 

••OHM'S  Slacks  precision 

correct  protluclN  for  IM-MI-I- 

li\  int;  I4»iii»rro\v. 

I  ••!  Slack  il«'vi*lop  vonr 
posl\var  iil«'as. 


-.11:1 -.   W>M   nn.hlniflon  HI  Ml. 
CeilvcT  •  llv.  I  mlllmrmlm 


MARCH  194.-) 


l>  LAST  It "S 


305 


EXTRUDED 

AND 

FABRICATED 
PLASTICS 

We  specialize  la 

•  COILING 

•  FORMING 

•  BENDING  OF  RODS 
AND  TUBES 

Send  us  your  problems. 

SCHWAB  &  FRANK,  INC. 

239  W.  CONGRESS  ST. 
DETROIT  26.  MICHIGAN 


'KRIEGR-0-DIP"  PLASTIC 

DYES 

For  EVERY  Type 

of  Plastics 
The  KRIE&R-O-DIP  series  of 

Plastic  Dyti  now  available 
for  ALL  types  of  Plastic  Pro- 
duction. Easy  to  use,  safe, 
dependable. 

Nationally  used  by  Molders, 
and  by  producers  of  Plastic 
Equipment  end  Material  who 
DEMAND  uniform  and  per- 
fect Dye  results. 

KRIEGR-0-DIP 

"S"    Standard    Chemical 

Dye. 
"A"    For  Cellulose  Acetate 

and  Tenite. 

"W"  Dye  used  in  Hot  Wa- 
ter. 
"V"     For    Polystyrene    Viny- 

lite. 

"FLUER-O-PLAS  K"  Pro- 
duces  FLUORESCENT  ef- 
fect for  materials  used 
under  BLACK  LIGHT  — 
Dials,  Medical  Equip- 
ment, Novelties,  etc. 

14  COLORS 

All  interminable,  giving  an 
unlimited  variety  of  available 
shades  meeting  the  most  ex- 
acting requirements. 
For  prices  and  additional  in- 
formation, write,  wire  or  tele- 
phone. 

KRIEGER  COLOR  &  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Established  Sine*  1920 
Manufacturer!  of  "KRIEGR-O-DIP" 

Member  of  the  S.P.I. 

Tel.  Hillside  7361  6531  Santa  Monica  Blvd 

HOLLYWOOD.  38.  CALIF. 


KRIEGRODIP 


G.  H.  Danielson,  sales  mgr.;  V.  Under, 
chief  engr. 

O'NEIL.  WM.  &  ASSOCIATES 

I  I    East  44th   Street 
New  York.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Kurt  Book  Mullen  &  Mar- 
guerite Wasser,  designers. 

ONSRUD  MACH.  WORKS,  INC. 

3912    Palmer  Street 

Chicago,  111. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:  A.  F.  Onsrud,  pres.;  Joseph 

Knox,  secy.;  H.  Grondahl,  chief  engr.; 

Ray  C.   Reinhartsen,  sales  &  adv.  mgr. 

ONTARIO  STEEL  PROD.  CO. 

Gananoque,   Ontario,  Can. 
Branch  Offices:  Div.  B,  Oshawa.  Out.; 
Div.  C,  plastics  div.,  Chatham,  Oat. 
Personnel:  Dr.  Newbold  C.  Jones,  pres.; 
E.   J.   G.    Moore,    secy   &   treas.;    E.    S. 
Byers,  gen.   mgr.;  O.   D.  Cowan,   mgr. 
engr. 

Chatham  div.;  T.  H.  Clarkson-Jones, 
dir.  plastics  research;  Bruce  Wright, 
pur.  agent;  E.  R.  Willing,  plastics  sales 

OPPENHEIMER,   ALAN   D..   INC. 
584-86   Exchange  Street 
Buffalo    10.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Alan  0.  Oppenheimer,  pres. 
&  treas.;  Nathan  Oppenheimer,  secy.; 
Paul  Blum.  gen.  mgr. 

OPPENHEIMER,  WALTER  L.  & 
SON 

900  Asbury  Terrace 

Philadelphia,   Penna. 

Personnel:     Walter     L.     Oppenheimer. 

partner. 

ORIS  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 

Jackson   Street 
Thomaston,  Conn. 

Personnel:  J.  L.  Oris,  pres.,  treas.,  gen. 
&  sales  mgr.;  Anna  C.  Oris,  vice-pres.; 
Margaret  M.  Oris,  secy. 

ORNA  PLASTICS  CO. 

106  West  Third  Street 
Los  Angeles  1 3,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Max  Rothschild,  partner. 

ORNAMENTAL   PLASTICS   MFG. 

329  Canal  Street 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:    I.    D.    Goldberger,    owner; 

Doris    Goldberger,    secy.;     Edward     I. 

Goldberger,    gen.    mgr.;    F.    Newman, 

chief  engr. 

OTTAWA  CAR  &  AIRCRAFT  CO. 

Ottawa,    Ontario,    Can. 

OWENS-CORNING     FIBERGLAS 

Nicholas   Building 
Toledo   I,   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Whitehead  Bldg.  At- 
lanta; Park  So.  Bldg.,  Boston;  Liberty 
Bank  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  Pure  Oil 
Bldg.,  Chicago;  Oixte  Terminal  Bldg.. 
Cincinnati;  Hanna  Bldg..  Cleveland; 
Tower  Petroleum  Bldg.,  Dallas;  New 
Center  Bldg.,  Detroit;  5120  S.  Soto  St., 
Los  Angeles;  718  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York; 
Walnut  St.  Bldg.,  Philadelphia;  Clark 
Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  Dexter  Morton  Bldg.. 
Seattle;  Continental  Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 
Service  Offices:  Third  Natl.  Bldg.,  Day- 
ton; Investment  Bldg.,  Washington, 
D.C. 

Personnel:  Harold  Boeschenstein.  pres.; 
H.  R.  Winkle,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  W. 
P.  Zimmerman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
Games  Slayter,  vice-pres.  &  dir.  re- 
search; Carl  G.  Staelin.  secy.;  J.  H. 
Thomas,  sales  mgr.;  W.  R.  Northlich. 
adv.  mgr.;  E.  C.  Ames,  dir.  public  re- 
lations; R.  R.  Bastian,  pur.  agent;  Fred 
J.  Meyer,  specialist  plastics  reinforce- 
ment div. 

OWENS-ILLINOIS  GLASS  CO. 

Closure   &   Plastics   Division 
P.O.    Box    1035 
Toledo,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  H.  J.  Carr,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  E. 
Delaplane,  sales  mgr.;  Wm.  Schmid, 
chief  engr.;  U.  E.  Bowes,  dir.  plastics 
research;  G.  W.  Clark,  chief  chemist; 
R.  R.  Washing,  gen.  factory  mgr. 


PAASCHE  AIRBRUSH  CO. 

1909    Diversey    Parkway 
Chicago,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  J.  A.  Paasche,  pres.;  H.  F. 
Reck,  vice-pres.;  W.  A.  Sharman. 
treas.;  E.  W.  Berg,  chief  engr.;  C.  H. 
Smith,  adv.  mgr.;  L.  R.  Stenslaud,  pur. 
agent. 

PACIFIC    CARBIDE    &    ALLOYS 

351   California  Street 
San   Francisco,  Calif. 

Branch    Offices:    5700   S.    Alameda    St., 
Los  Angeles;  9901   N.  Hurst  Ave.,  Port- 
land,  Ore.;  2301  Taylor  Way,  Tacoma. 
Wash. 
Plants:   Portland,  Ore.;  Tacoma.  Wash. 

PACIFIC  MILLS 

214  Church  Street,  N.Y.,  N.Y. 
PACIFIC  PLASTIC  &  MFG.  CO. 

4865  Exposition   Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Clifford  R.  Gans,  pres.;  R.  C. 
Cerf.    vice-pres.,    sales    mgr.    &    chief 
engr.;  Samuel  Firks,  secy.,  adv.  mgr.  & 
pur.  agent;  Robert  J.  Gans,  treas.,  gen. 
mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  Roy  Swar- 
ens,  dir.  plastics  research. 

PACIFIC     PLASTIC     PRODUCTS 
CO. 

5918   S.  Western   Avenue 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Personnel:  W.  O.  Nichols,  owner;  Wil- 
liam T.   Miles,  sales  mgr. 

PACIFIC  RECLAMATIONS 

4617  West  Washington  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 
Personnel:  M.  Schlesinger  &  C.  H.  Von 
Egidy,   partners. 

PACIFIC  TANK   &    INDUSTRIAL 
COATING  CO. 

3447  East  24th  Street 
Los  Angeles.    Calif. 
Personnel:  C.   M.  Petrie,  mgr. 

PACKARD.  J.  S..  INC. 
200  Hudson  Street.  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Mildred   A.   Packard,    pres.; 
H.  P.  Bridcner,  mgr. 

PACKER  MACHINE  CO.,  THE 

456  Center  St.,   Meriden,  Conn. 

Personnel:   Clifford    I.    Packer,    pres.   & 

!en.  mgr.;  W.  J.  Wilcox.  secy.;  Theo. 
.  Stiles  treas.-  Paul  R.  Nickerson  & 
Eugen-  Phillips,  sales;  Wm.  F.  Otfin- 
oski,  chief  engr.;  M.  J.  Neiako,  pur. 
agent. 

PACKLESS  METAL  PRODUCTS 
31    Winthrop  Avenue 
New  Rochelle,  N.Y. 
Personnel:    George    M.    Pettee,    pres.; 
Malcolm  W.   McLaren,  vice-pres.;   Ros- 
w-ll     S.     Frichette.     secy.;     Harry     W. 
Cole,  treas.;  W.   L.   Bryde.  sales  mgr.; 
Steve  Guarnaschelli,  chief  engr.;  A.  L. 
Brenner,    pur.    agent. 

PAISLEY  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

1770  Canalport  Avenue 
Chicago  16,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  7  Longfellow  Rd.,  Bos- 
ton; 1200  W.  Ninth  St..  Cleveland:  3201 
N.  Meridian,  Indianapolis;  Baiter 
Bldg.,  New  Orleans;  813  Callowhill  St.. 
Philadelphia. 

Eastern  Division  S  Plant:  630  W.  51st 
St.,  New  York. 

Personnel:  Joseph  Morningstar,  pres.; 
Geo.  J.  Muller.  vice-pres.;  C.  P.  Cohn, 
secy.  &  treas.;  Murray  Stempel,  gen. 
mgr.;  Earl  C.  Lenz,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
C.  D.  Brown,  chief  engr.;  Larry  La 
Brie.  dir.  research;  Sam  Schuller.  chief 
chemist. 

PAL  TOOL  CO. 

2300    East  31st  Street 
Minneapolis,    Minn. 
PALM    BROS.   DECALCOMANIA 
Regent  and  Lexington  Avenues 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 
PALM,  FECHTELER  &  CO. 
220  West  42nd  Street,  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Branch    Offices:    Chicago;    East    Liver- 
pool,  Ohio. 

Personnel:  Albert  Pickin,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Alphonse  Bihr,  vice-pres. 


' 


306 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PAN  AMERICAN  MFG.  CO. 

4165  Venice  Boulevard 

Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Loren  Tupper,  owner;  M.  S. 

Hock,  tecy. 

PANELYTE  DIVISION 

St.   Regis   Paper  Company 

230  Park  Avenue 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Plant:   Enterprise  Ave..  Trenton.  N.  J. 

Personnel:    C.    Russell    Mahaney.    gen. 

mgr.'   P.    P.    Ryen.   plent  mgr.;    R.  W. 

Barber,    chief   engr.:    0.   W.    Holling- 

worth,    dir.    plastics    research;    J.    8. 

Eakin,  pur.  agent. 

PANNIER  BROS.  STAMP  CO. 

207  Sandusky  Street 

Pittsburgh  12.  Penna. 

Personnel:  C.  O.  Pennier,  pres.;  S.  W. 

Pannier,  vice-pres.;   Ralph  A.  Pannier. 

secy.;  Robt.  A.  Pennier.  treas. 

PARAGON  ELECTRIC  CO. 
37  West  Van  Buren  Street 
Chicago  5.  III. 

Personnel:  E.  V.  Plait,  exec,  vice-pres.; 
R.  W.  Eldred,  sales  mgr. 

PARAMOUNT  RUBBER  CO. 
10401    Nerthlawn  Avenue 
Detroit  4.  Mich. 

Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  Le  Grand  Daly,  pres.  »  gen. 
mgr.'  H.  J.  Smith,  vice-pres.  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  G.  H.  Daly,  secy.;  H. 
N.  Staff,  treas.:  T.  B.  Maloney,  sales 
mgr.;  Norman  Schreiber.  chief  engr.; 
C.  J.  Post,  pur.  agent:  Clifford  Taylor, 
supt. 

PARAMET  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

10-17  44th  Avenue 
Long  Island  City,  N.Y. 

PARAMOUNT  DIE  MOLD  CO. 

4034  North  Kolmar  Avenue 
Chicago  41.  III. 

Personnel:  Alfred  K.  Mauser,  pres.  & 
pur.  agent. 

PARAPLASTICS.    INC. 

1938   Park   Avenue 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Irench  Office:    107   E.    I26'h   St.,   New 

York. 

Personnel:    R.    Taishoff.    pres..   treas.   It 

adv.    mgr.;    Ronald    Trent,    vice-pres. 

gen  mgr..  dir.  plastics  research,  chief 

chemist  a  pur.  agent;  Beatrice  Levine. 

secy.;    D.    S.    Brown,    chief    engr.;    A. 

Taishoff.  dir.  public  relations. 

PARISIAN  NOVELTY  COMPANY 
3510  South  Western  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Harry  J.  Joseph,  pres.  & 
trees.:  Victor  Joseph,  vice-pres.:  Louis 
E,  Kehn.  vice-pres.,  secy.,  sales  &  edv. 
mgr.:  L.  L.  Joseph,  gen.  mgr.;  L.  J. 
Komorous,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  plastics 
research;  J.  Kribs,  pur.  agent. 

PARKEAT  PLASTICS 
202  Easf  42nd  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  H.  Huniiker,  pres.;  Bar- 
bara Herrington,  secy.;  John  J.  Kier- 
nan,  gen.  mgr.;  James  Tropp.  chief 
chemist. 

PARKER   APPLIANCE  CO.,  THE 
17325  Euclid  Avenue 
Cleveland   12.  Ohio 
Branch  Offices:  Chicago:  Delias;  Day- 
ton;   Detroit;    Kansas   City,    Mo.;    Loi 
Angeles:  New  York;  Seattle:  Washing- 
ton.  D.C. 

Personnel:  H.  I.  Marlham.  pres.;  C.  H. 
Wagner,  secy.;  f.  A.  Rolla.  treas.:  F.  E. 
Amon,  sales  mgr.;  L.  H.  Schmohl.  chief 
engr.;  R.  Fuhrman,  dir.  plastics  re- 
search  4  chief  chemist;  Randall  A.  Nel- 
son, edv.  mgr.;  R.  H.  Nielsen,  dir.  pur.; 
H.  H.  Krause,  pur.  agent;  E.  Hartley, 
chief  development  engr. 

PARKER  STAMP  WORKS,  INC. 
650  Franklin  Avenue 
Hartford,    Conn. 

Personnel:  Howard  L.  Bitter,  pres.  & 
trees.;  H.  Calvin  Bitter,  vice-pres. ; 
Jack  T.  F.  Bitter,  secy.,  gen.  &  sales 
mgr.-  Howard  L.  Bitter,  trees.:  Edward 
Wild,  chief  engr.;  Themes  H.  Daley. 


pur.  agent;  Walter  V.  Ceckowski,  mech. 
supt. 

PARKWOOD  CORPORATION 
24  Water  Street 
Wakefield.    Mass. 
Personnel:  Gordon  Perker,  pres.;  P.  B. 
Leverette,  vice-pres.  &  chief  engr.;   M. 
S.  Parker,  vice-pres.:  Lucius  E.  Thayer. 
secy.;   Harry  G.   Anderson  Jr..   trees.; 
V.  Aston,  pur.  agent. 

PAULTIN.  ETHEL  P. 
51  West  Tenth  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

PEARSON.  FREDERICK  2. 
600  West  Jackson   Boulevard 
Chicago,  III. 

PECK,  STOW  &  WILCOX  CO. 

Southinqton,  Conn. 
Personnel:  Mark  J.  Lacey.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Frank  L.  Wilcox,  vice-pres.; 
^amuel  C.  Wilcox,  secy.  &  treas.;  Louis 
Broemel.  sales  mgr.;  William  L.  Lud- 
wick,  chief  engr.;  William  H.  Moore, 
adv.  mgr.;  William  T.  Mornssey,  pur. 
agent. 

PECORA  PAINT  CO. 

Fourth  and  Lawrence  Avenue 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 

PEDRICK  TOOL  &  MACH.  CO. 

3640  North  Lawrence  Street 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 
Personnel:    Ralph   M.   Shaw  Jr..    pres.. 
M.  R.  Shaw,  vice-pres.;  A.  D.  Pedrick. 
secy.   &   pur.  agent. 

PEERLESS  ENGINEERING  LTD. 
132  Brandon  Avenue 
Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:   D.   M.   Fraser,   pres.:  G.  S. 
Frise,  secy.;  W.  F.  Phillips,  plant  supt. 

PEERLESS  MACHINE  CO. 

1600  Junction  Avenue 
Racine,  Wis. 

Personnel:  J.  R.  McDonald,  pres.:  C.  O. 
Wanvig.  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  J.  R.  Dun- 
can, vice-pres.,  secy.  &  gen.  mgr.;  J.  E. 
Thomas,  district  sales  mgr.;  O.  M.  Jen- 
sen, chief  engr.;  O.  H.  Geschke.  pur. 
agent. 

PEERLESS  MOLDED  PLASTICS 

401    Hamilton  Street 
Toledo  2.  Ohio 

Branch  Office:  737  N.  Michigan  Ave.. 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  W.  G.  Skutch,  pres..  trees. 
&  sales  mgr.;  P.  De  Han,  vice-pres.. 
secy.  4  chief  engr.;  E.  H.  Johnson,  gen. 
mgr;  C.  H.  Mosbach,  dir.  public  re- 
lations. 

PEERLESS  MOULDED,  INC. 

477  Fort  Lee  Road 

Teaneck.  N.J. 

Personnel:    John    Murseh,    pres.,    gen. 

mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  J.  B.  Leslie,  secy. 

&  treas. 

PEERLESS  ROLL  LEAF  CO..  INC. 
4511    New  York  Avenue 
Union  City,  N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  552  Massachusetts  Ave., 
Cambridge,  Mass.;  608  S.  Dearborn  St., 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  C.  A.  lydecker.  pres.;  W.  J. 
Boyd,  vice-pres.  &  secy.;  A.  M.  Wick- 
wire,  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  A.  A.  Morse, 
adv.  mgr. 

PELLEGRIN,  E.  D. 

Pell-Bari 

Woodstock,  III. 

Personnel:    E.    D.    Pellegrin,   designing 

engr.;  C.  J.  Curtis,  designs:  E.  Noveen. 

models. 

PENN   FIBRE  &  SPECIALTY  CO. 
2024-30    East    Westmoreland    St. 
Philadelphia    34.    Penna. 
Personnel:  C.  C.  Davis  a  W.  K.  Davis, 
partners. 

PENNSYLVANIA    ALCOHOL    & 

CHEMICAL  CORPORATION 
745  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  22.   N.Y. 
Plants:  Cerlitadt.   N.J.;   1037  N.   Dela- 
ware Ave..  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  E.  Bunker,  pres.;  A.  K.  Hem- 


THE  PLASTICS  INDUSTRY 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


307 


THROUGH 


OUR  UNIQUE  COM- 
PRESSION MOLDING 
METHODS  we  assisted  in  producing  the 
world's  smallest  and  most  delicate  microphones 
for  Uncle  Sam's  Forces. 

Let  us  help  you  in  your  molding  problem 

SOUTH   BEND 

MODERN  MOLDING  COMPANY 

1720   Mishawaka    Ave..    South    Bend   22,    Indian* 


ill  its  tel 


CONTINENTAL'S  precision  molding  has 
consistently  met  the  high  requirements, 
the  high  production  schedules,  oi  war 
and  civilian  manufacturers. 

Your  order  would  be  handled  in  the 
same,  highly  efficient  manner.  Experi- 
enced personnel  and  production  "know- 
how"  guarantee  precision  .  .  .  accuracy 
.  .  .  exact  adherence  to  your  specifica- 
tions. 

We  can  handle  the  complete  Job  in  our 
own  plant,  including  making  of  the  dies. 
Call  us  today  for  a  speedy  quotation. 


CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 


308  West  Erie  St. 


SUPerior  8474 


CHICAGO  10,  ILL 


.    E    3  -     • 

1   '    •    -, 


ilton,  vlcc-pres.  &  gen.  mar.;  H.  Haver- 
meyer  Jr.,  vice-pres.;  T.  T.  Heney. 
secy.;  A.  J.  Hoehn.  treas.;  W.  H. 
Junker,  sales  rngr.;  C.  H.  Dickson,  chief 
engr.;  A.  Kauffman,  chief  chemist  at 
Carlstadt;  M.  Dougherty,  chief  chemist 
at  Philadelphia;  A.  J.  Bradley,  pur. 
agent;  J.  T.  Morris,  plant  mgr.  at  Carl- 
stadt; N.  Alvare,  plant  mgr.  at  Phila- 
delphia. 

PENNA.  COAL  PROD.  CO. 

Petrolia,   Penna. 

Personnel:  C.  F.  Hosford  Jr.,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  P.  H.  Rhodes,  chief  resin 
research  &  prod. 

PENNA.   FLEXIBLE   METALLIC 
TUBING  CO. 

72nd  Street  and   Powers  Lane 
Philadelphia  42,  Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  230  Congress  St.,   Bos- 
ton:  164  N.  Clinton  St.,  Chicago;  3030 
Euclid  Ave.,  Cleveland;  2410  McKinnev 
Ave.,  Houston:  903  S.  Peters  St.,   New 
Orleans;  30  Church  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:    H.   A.   Ansell,    pref.;   S.    H. 
Collom   Jr.,   vice-pres.,   trees.    &    adv. 
mgr.;  Jas  Dripps,  tecy.;   B.  C.  Willis, 
gen.    mgr.;    E.    w.    Schoolfield,    sales 
mgr.;  A.   R.  O.  Redgrave,  chief  engr.; 
H.    L.    Boetsch,    dir.    public    relations; 
B.  C.  Willis,   pur.  agent. 

PENNSYLVANIA    INDUSTRIAL 
CHEMICAL  CORPORATION 

120  State  Street 
Clairton,    Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   R.  W.  Ostermaver.   pres.   & 
gen.  mgr.:  J.  M.  Beedle,  treas.;  F.  W. 
Corkery,   tales   mgr.;   W.    D.   Johnston 
Jr..  chief  enqr.;  J.  W.  Church,  dir.  re- 
search;   R.    H.    Bailey,    chief   chemist; 
Walker  &  Downing  Agency,  adv.  mgr.; 
L.  H.  Jorgenson,  pur.  agent. 

PENNA.  PLASTICS  CORP. 

5025  Liberty  Avenue 
Pittsburgh  24,   Penna. 
Personnel:  John  L.  James,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  L.  R.  Pointer,  vice-pres.   &  sales 
mgr.;   0.  V.   Newcomer,  secy.;  W.   H. 
Babbitt,  treas. 

PENNA.  PUMP  &  COMPRESSOR 

Easton,  Penna. 

Personnel:  Ward  Raymond,  pres.;  Ellis 
R.  Snovel.  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  W.  E. 
Anderson,  secy.  &  sales  rngr.*  W.  H. 
Noble,  chief  engr.;  W.  C.  Peck,  adv. 
mgr.;  A.  F.  Drucken-niller.  pur.  agent. 

PENZEL,  MUELLER  &  CO.,  INC. 

36-1 1   33rd  Street 

Long  Island  Oty  I,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Edward  Mueller,  pres.;  Wal- 
ter W.  Mueller,  vtce-pres..  secy.  S  gen. 
mgr.;  Richard  Feigner,  chief  engr. 

PERELES  BROS.,  INC. 

Seventh  Street  &  Arthur  Avenue 
Milwaukee  7,  Wis. 

Personnel:  Joseph  L.  Pereles,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Alvin  A.  Pereles.  vice-pres.  & 
secy. 

PERFECTION  PLASTIC  PROD. 

900   Passaic  Avenue 
East  Newark,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Leonard  Grossman,  pres.; 
Gustav  Henberg.  gen.  mgr.;  Edward 
S.  Weinstein,  pur.  agent. 

PERMA-PLASTIC-SEAL  CO. 

1818   Buhl   Building 
Detroit  26.  Mich. 

Personnel:  E.  L.  Boyd.  pres.;  Alan  Hen- 
dry,  adv.  &  sales  promotion  mgr. 

PERMOCHART  CO. 

Edgeworth 

SewicMey,    Penna. 

Personnel:  James  M.  Yost,  pres.;  N.  B. 

Maruca.  vice-pres.;  W.  M.  Yost,  secy. 

&  treas. 

PETERS  CHEMICAL   MFG.   CO. 

3623  Lake  Street 

Melrose  Park,  III. 

Personnel:   Peter   Glavincheff,    owner. 

PFIZER,  CHAS.  &  CO.,  INC. 

81    Maiden    Lane 
New  York  7,  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  444  W.  Grand  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. 
Personnel:  George  A.  Anderson,  pres.; 


John  J.  Powers  &  John  L.  Smith,  vice- 
ores.;  Elmer  C.  Otto,  secy.;  Albert  A. 
Teeter,  treas.;  M.  N.  de  Noyelles.  sales 
mgr.;  D.  C.  McClain,  chief  engr.;  Rich- 
ard Pasternack,  dir.  research;  W.  W. 
Atkinson,  pur.  agent;  G.  O.  Crag  wall, 
tech.  consultant. 

PHILA.  SEAR  WORKS,  INC. 
G  Street  below  Erie  Avenue 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 
Sales  Offices:  Conway  Bldg.,  Chicago; 
330    W.    «nd    St.,    New    York;    Prick 
Bldg.,    Pittsburgh. 

PHILIPP  BROTHERS,  INC. 

70  Pine  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Providence,  R.I. 

PHILLIPS    ELECTRICAL  WORKS 

Brockville,    Ontario,    Can. 

Branch    Offices:    Edmonton;    Hamilton; 

Montreal;    Ottawa;     Regina;    Toronto; 

Vancouver;  Winnipeg. 

Personnel:  T.  W.  Brackinreid,  pres.;  E. 

G.    Purdy    secy.;   J.   C.    Mace,   treas.; 

J.   R.  Philips,  gen.  mgr.;  H.  W.   Biske- 

born,   chief   engr.;    H.    S.    White,    pur. 

agent. 

PHILLIPS  &  JACOBS 

622   Race  Street 
Philadelphia  6,  Penna. 

PHOENIX  PLASTICS  CORP. 

Main  Street 

Clinton,  Massachusetts 

Personnel:  E.  H.  Jaeger,  pres.  &  treas.; 

James  R.  Oliver,  secy. 

PHOTOPLATINS  CO.,  THE 

215  North  East  Fifth  Street 
Minneapolis    13,    Minn. 
Sales    Representatives:    All    principal- 
cities. 

Personnel:  W.  K.  Nygaard,  pres.;  W. 
G.  Huber,  vice-pres.;  G.  M.  Laing, 
secy. 

PHOTOSWITCH,  INC. 

77  Broadway 
Cambridge  42,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  21  E.  Van  Buren  St., 
Chicago;  50  Church  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Alfred  H.  Avery,  pres.  & 
treas.;  John  A.  Long,  vice-pres.;  G. 
Louis  Marey,  secy.;  Benjamin  W.  Stev- 
erman,  gen.  mgr  •  James  P.  Steinmann, 
sales  mgr.;  E.  Craig  Thomson,  chief 
engr.;  Ruth  C.  Crichton,  adv.  mgr.; 
Fred  W.  Driscoll,  pur.  agent. 

PICKER  X-RAY  CORPORATION 

300    Fourth    Avenue 
New  York   10.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  James  Picker,  pres.:  Harvey 
Picker,    vice-pres.;    Dr.    Myrtle    Picker, 
secy.;   Evelyn   Picker,  treas.;  I.  D.   Ben- 
nett, gen.  &  sales  mgr.;  W.  F.  Bruning, 
adv.  mgr.;  A.  Douglas,  pur.  agent. 

PIERCE  &  STEVENS.  INC. 

710  Ohio  Street 
Buffalo  3,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Raymond  D.  Stevens,  pres.; 
Arthur  L.  Stevens  vice-pres.,  gen.  mgr. 
Ir  chief  engr.;  P.  Dauscher,  secy.  & 
treas.;  Geo.  T.  Swing,  sales  mgr.;  D.  E. 
Ellis,  dir.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist;  W.  B.  Eberhardt,  adv.  mgr. 

6  dir.  public  relations;  E.  Stevens,  pur. 
agent. 

PIONEER  MOLD  CO. 

9227-31   Clinton  Road 

Brooklyn   Station 

Cleveland  9,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Geo.   F.  Langermeier.   mgr. 

PIONEER  PLASTIC  CO. 

170  San  Fernando  Road 

Los  Angeles  31,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Delmar  S.  Miller,  pres.;  Earl 

C.  Jacobs,  sales  mgr.;  C.  M.  Laughlin, 

pur.  agent. 

PIONEER   PLASTICS   CO. 

78  Greene    Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Angelo  Tomiselli,  owner. 

PIONEER  PLASTICS  CORP. 

7  East  Balderston  Street 
Baltimore   2,    Md. 

Personnel:  H.  Heller  Goldberg,  pres.: 
Herman  Lamm,  secy.;  Harry  Adelberg, 
treas. 


308 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PITTSBURGH  PLASTICS  CO. 
1304  Fifth  Avenue 
New  Kensington,  Penna. 
Personnel:   A.    H.    Braunstein,    pres.    & 
gen.  mgr.;  Duray  Smith,  vice-pres.;  M. 
F.  Cole,  secy.;  H.  J.  Reuter,  treas. 

PITTSBURGH  PLATE  GLASS  CO. 

Columbia  Chemical  Division 
Grant    Building 
Pittsburgh    19,   Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  300  Babcock  St.,   Bos- 
ton; Johnston    Bldg.,   Charlotte,    N.C.; 
Tribune  Tower,  Chicago;  Gwynne  Bldg., 
Cincinnati-  384?  Hamilton  Ave.,  Cleve- 
land; 116  S.  Third  St.,  Minneapolis;  30 
Rockefeller   Plata,    New  York;   3034   N. 
16th  St..  Philadelphia;  1106  Central  In- 
dustrial Ave.,  St.  Louis. 
Personnel:  H.  B.  Higgins,   pres.;  E.  T. 
Asplundh,  vice-pres.;  Howard  B.  Brown, 
secy.;   W.   V.   Simmons,   trees.;    R.    L. 
Hutchison,   gen.   mgr.;  W.   I.  Galliher, 
sales  mgr.;  Dr.  Alpnonse  Pechukas,  dir. 
plaitics  research;   H.  L.   Poulton,  adv. 
mgr.;  Guy   BerghofT,  dir.    public   rela- 
tion!; H.  A.  Haynes,  pur,  agent. 

PLACE.   ROLAND  P.  CO.,   INC. 
414    East    Hines    Street 
Midland,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Roland  P.  Place,  pres.;  C.  R. 
Overholser,  vice-pres.  S  treas. ;  John  G. 
McDonald,  secy.;  Robert  S.  Mode,  gen. 
mgr.;  Wm.  Kienbaum.  chief  engr.: 
Howard  Stickle,  pur.  agent. 

PLANO   MOLDING  COMPANY 
1 13  South  Center  Avenue 
Piano.  III. 

Sales  Office:  43  E.  Ohio  St.,  Chicago. 
Personnel:  W.  K.  Henning.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Ches.  Buckman,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  M.  E.  Lawrence,  vice-pres.  & 
chief  engr.;  G.  R.  Comly,  secy.  &  pur. 
agent;  Ore  S.  Henning.  trees.;  K.  L. 
Gregory,  supt. 

PLASKON  DIVISION 

Libbey-Owens-Ford  Glass 
21 12-24  Sylvan  Avenue 
Toledo  6,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  400  W.  Madison  St.. 
Chicago:  208  W.  Gaston  St..  Greens- 
boro, >I.C.:  41  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York; 
McLachlen  Bldg..  Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  J.  L.  Rodgers  Jr.,  gen.  mgr.; 
Horton  Spitzer,  sales  mgr.;  J.  H.  Jef- 
fery,  chief  engr.;  Dr.  A.  M.  Howald, 
dir.  plastics  research;  W.  H.  Shepard, 
adv.  mgr.;  C.  B.  Matt,  pur.  agent; 
W.  R.  Feldtmann,  comptroller;  Homer 
S.  Vandersall,  prod.  mgr. 

PLASTAL  SPECIALTIES  CO. 

3215  Western  Avenue 

Seattle.  Wash. 

Personnel:  R.  G.  Cheney  J  K.  E.  Singer, 

partners. 

PLASTELITE  ENGINEERING  CO. 
2500  West  Vickery  Boulevard 
Fort  Worth    I.  Tex. 
Personnel:  John   L.  Abbott,  partner  & 
pres.;  R.  Lloyd  Adams,  partner  &  vice- 
pres.;   R.  L.  Adams,  gen.  mgr.;  E.  J. 
Tynan,   pur.   agent. 

PLAS-TEX  CORPORATION 
653   Ivorth  Robertson  Boulevard 
We.,1  Hollywood,  Calif. 
P*«xinel:  Ray  T.  Frost,  pres.  &  trees.; 
Edwerd    B.    Horretl,    vice-pres.,    secy., 
gen.    mgr.;    William    E.    Russell,    vice- 
pres.   &   sales   mgr.;    Edward    Alvarez, 
chief  engr.;  George   R.  Silvestri.   pur. 
agent. 

PLASTEX  CORPORATION 
402  Mt.  Vernon  Avenue 
Columbus,   Ohio 

Personnel:  Orr  S.  Zimmerman,  pres.; 
The*.  J.  Tully  &  Robert  O.  Zimmermen, 
vicc-pres.;  Roy  S.  Ellison,  secy.  &  trees.; 
P.  M.  Rhulman.  exec,  dir.*  Robert  S. 
Crane,  sales  mgr.;  Fred  Dinsch,  dir. 
plastics  research;  John  Stover,  adv. 
mgr. 

PLASTIC  APPLIANCE  CO. 
555  North  55th  Street 
Philadelphia,  Penna. 
Personnel:  T.  C.  Smith,  owner. 

PLASTIC  CENTER  COMPANY 

809    Mission    Street 
San  Francisco  3,  Calif. 
Personnel:  D.  E.  Fritts.  mgr. 

MARCH  1945 


PLASTIC  COATING  CO. 
3440  East  22nd  Street 
Los  Angeles   23.   Calif. 
Personnel:  E.  G.  De  Hass,  gen.  mgr. 

PLASTIC  CREATIONS  OF  HOL- 
LYWOOD 

410  East  Third  Street 
Los  Angeles  13,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Robert  S.  Herman  1  Edward 
I.  Erger,  partners;  Edwin  A.  Landfield. 
sales  mgr. 

PLASTIC  &  DIE  CAST  PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 
1010   East  62nd   Street 
Los  Angeles  I,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Roy  L.  Peat,  pres.;  Max  Fac- 
tor Jr..  vice-pres.;  Jack  Abrams.  secy.; 
Davis  Factor,  trees.;  Sam  Avedon,  sales 
mgr.;  H.  K.  Guldin,  supt.;  R.  B.  Gutsch, 
comptroller. 

PLASTIC  DIE  &  TOOL  CORP. 

2140  South  Vermont  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  7,  Calif. 
Sales  Office:  Plastic  Molded  Products, 
Inc.,    1505   N.   Western   Ave.,   Los  An- 
geles. 

Personnel:  George  A.  Cooper,  pres.  & 
treas.;  R.  L.  Boughton,  vice-pres.;  Rob- 
ert A.  Cooper,  secy.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr. 
&  dir.  public  relations:  Fred  Forsman, 
chief  engr.;  Geo.  E.  Montgomery  Jr., 
pur.  agent. 

PLASTIC  ENGINEERING,  INC. 
8506  Lake  Avenue 
Cleveland  2,  Ohio 
Personnel:  John  O.  McWilliams,  pres.; 
Thomas  E.  Orr,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Harold  M.  Bowman,  secy.,  treas.,  gen. 
&    adv.    mgr.    &    pur.    agent.;    E.    H. 
Trump,  chief  engr. 

PLASTIC  ENGINEERING  LABS. 
407  East  Pico  Street 
Los  Angeles    IS,   Calif. 
Personnel:  G.  E.  Spencer,  chief. 

PLASTIC  FABRICATORS  CO. 

440  Sansome  Street 
San  Francisco  II.  Calif. 
Personnel:   I.   M.   Montalto,   pres.;   M. 
H.    Pringle.   secy.;   A.    E.    Lovoi,   gen. 
mgr. 

PLASTIC    FILM    CORPORATION 

475  Fifth  Avenue 

New  York  17.  N.Y. 

Plant:  Plainfteld.  Conn. 

Personnel:   William   B.    Nichols,    pres.; 

Bruce  Booth,  vice-pres.;  Sidney  Matti- 

son,  secy.;  Cooper  Schieffelin,  treas. 

PLASTIC   FINISHING  CORP. 

4034   North   Kolmar  Avenue 
Chicago  41.   III. 
Personnel:  A.  Benthaus,  pres. 

PLASTIC  INDUSTRIES,  INC. 

160  Northfield  Road 

Bedford.  Ohio 

Personnel:  C.   D.   Shaw,    pres.;   M.   L. 

Thornton,  vice-pres.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.; 

A.  M.  Balogh,  secy. 

PLASTIC  MFRS..  INC. 
280  Fairfield  Avenue 
Stamford,   Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  New  Center  Bldg.,  De- 
troit; Don  Porter.  1440  S.  Robertson 
Blvd.,  Los  Angeles:  1405  Bishop  St.. 
Montreal:  720  Second  Ave.,  Seattle:  A. 
a  M.  Accessories  Ltd.,  If  Melinda  St., 
Toronto. 

Personnel:  M.  A.  Wick,  pres.;  G.  C. 
Bovaird,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  Henry 
Wick,  vice-pres.  in  charge  operations; 
M.  Farmer,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
K.  D.  Browne,  secy.  a  treat.;  J.  C. 
Prior,  chief  engr.;  R.  Mecdonald,  chief 
chemist;  J.  C.  Harre,  pur.  agent. 

PLASTIC  MFG.  CO.  OF  CALIF. 

9200  Exposition  Boulevard 
Lot  Angeles  34.  Calif. 
Personnel:   Chas.    H.    Bookout,    owner; 
Kent    Smith,    sales    mgr.;    Dewey    W. 
Aim,  chief  engr. 

PLASTIC  METALS.  INC. 
107  Bridge  Street 
Johnstown,   Penna. 

PLASTIC  MOLD  &  DIE  CO. 
Parma,  Mich. 


To  the 

NOVELTY 

PRODUCTS 

MANUFACTURERS 

If  and  when  restricted 
metals  become  available 

COHAN-EPNER  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

Will  be  ready  to  serve 
your  requirements  with 
a  complete  MODERN 
PLANT  and  unequalled 
volume  production  fa- 
cilities for  ELECTRO- 
PLATING .  . . 

BUTTONS 

COSTUME 

JEWELRY 

NOVELTIES  etc. 

Our  forty  years  of  ex- 
ceptional experience  of 
fine  GOLD  and  SILVER 
JEWELRY  FINISHING 
will  bring  new  brilliance 
and  high  standards  to 
your  products  .  .  . 

COHAN-EPNER  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

142  West  14th  St. 

New  York  11,  N.  Y. 

CHelsea  3-3411 


FLABTIC8 


•My 


Of  /CALAMAZOO. 


ABRASIVE   BELT 

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FOR  FAST  PRODUCTION  FINISHING 
OPERATIONS  ON  PLASTIC  PARTS 


Hammond  has  a  complete  line 
of  abrasive  belt  grinders  — 
polishers,  also  backstand  idlers 
to  convert  your  present  polish- 
ing equipment  into  low  cost 
high  production  finishing  units 
using  abrasive  belts.  Write  for 
bulletins  describing  Hammond 
equipment  for  use  with  belts 
up  to  10"  width. 


1  IMlklf  Mil  CiMtltt  •  MtBMtK  I  CtlMMCJU  I 


IAAO  DOUGIAS    AVENUE     -      KAIAMAZOO    54.    MICHIGAN 
Ecntern  Branch:  71  W>il  23rd  St.,  N«w  York  10,  New  York 


PLASTIC  MOLDED  ARTS  CO. 

12-04  44th  Avenua 
Long   Island   City,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  Joseph  Casalino,  Paul  Tom- 
marchi  &  George  S.  Bickwit,  partners. 

PLASTIC  MOLDING  CORP. 

Sandy  Hook,  Conn. 

Personnel:  John  W.  Anderson  pres.  & 
treas.;  Harvey  Hubbell  Jr.,  vice-pres.; 
George  M.  Stuart,  secy.;  Kenneth  B. 
Smith,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  C.  Macomber, 

pur.  agent. 

PLASTIC  PLATERS 

737  North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  II.  III. 

Personnel:  Ed.  Weichmann,  pres.;  R. 
Scott  Modjeska,  dir.  research. 

PLASTIC  PROCESS  COMPANY 

662    North    Robertson    Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  46,  Calif. 
Personnel:   E.   E.  Kotkin,  owner;  H.  H. 
Wenk,   gen.   mgr.;   T.   W.   Kerr,   prod. 
engr. 

PLASTIC  PRODUCTS.  INC. 

415  Lexington  Avenue 

New  York.   N.Y. 

Plant:  Pine  St.,  S.  Norwalk,  Conn. 

Personnel:  M.  B.  Hemming,  pres.:  A.  J. 

Lilliedahl,     vice-pres.;     S.    J.     Keeler, 

treas.;   Emile   Hemming,   gen.   &   sales 

mgr. 

PLASTIC  RESEARCH  PRODUCTS 

LABORATORIES 
123    East   Court   Street 
Urbana,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Vance  Brand,  Walter  E. 
Moore  &  Ivan  Printz,  partners. 

PLASTIC  &  RUBBER  PROD.  CO. 

2100  Hyde  Park  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  44,  Calif. 

Personnel:  MacNeel  Pierce  &  N.  O. 
Hulsey,  owners;  J.  P.  McVeigh,  asst.  to 
partners;  J.  L.  Nece,  plant  mgr.;  Thos. 
B.  Keenan,  chief  chemist;  K.  M.  Rog- 
ers, dir.  public  relations;  J.  S.  Reid, 
pur.  agent;  A.  G.  Hartman,  plastic 
supt.;  M.  G.  Randazzo,  tool  &  die  supt. 

PLASTIC  SPECIALTY  CO. 

771    Mission   Street 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Personnel:  S.  B.  Hart.  gen.  mgr. 

PLASTICOTE  CO. 
P.O.   Box   1721 
Paterson,  NJ. 

Sales   Agent:   M.   Wyle   Company,   267 
Fifth  Ave.,   New  York. 
Personnel:  Julian  Cerf,  owner. 

PLASTICRAFT  PRODUCTS  CO. 

16  Hudson  Street 

New  York   13.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  C.  A.   Robinson,  owner. 

PLASTICRAFT    SPECIALTIES 
2232  West  Cermak  Road 
Chicago  23,   Illinois 

Personnel:  Irving  Barnbaum,  Sam  8arn> 
baum  &  Simon  Barnbaum,  partners. 

PLASTICS  ENGR.  COMPANY 

Sheboygan,  Wis. 

Personnel:  R.  T.  Brotz,  partner,  sales 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  Roman  C.  Brotz, 
artner  &  plant  supt.;  Frank  G.  Brotz 


partne 
Sr.,  W. 
ners. 


A.  Brotz,  F.  M.  Brotz  Jr..  part- 


PLASTICS. INC. 

Chestnut  &  Ryan  Streets 
St.  Paul.  Minn. 

Personnel:  F.  W.  Fuller,  pres.:  A.  G. 
langford,  vice-pres.;  D.  M.  Munroe. 
secy.  &  treas.;  T.  W.  Ingersoll,  asst. 
gen.  mgr.;  C.  C.  Napier,  pur.  agent. 

PLASTICS   PLATING   LTD. 

152  Wellington  Street,  West 
Toronto,   Ontario,  Can. 

PLASTICS  SERVICE  COMPANY 

743  North  Fourth  Street 
Milwaukee  3,  Wis. 

PLASTIC-WARE.  INC. 

238  William  Street 

Personnel:  Hilbert  A.  Wachtel,  pres.; 
Charles  H.  Frank,  secy. 


PLASTIFAB 

1408  East  67th  Street 
Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  Lee  L.  Turoff,  Herbert  A. 
Berry,  Theodore  J.  Levitan  &  Frank  S. 
Bloch,  partners. 

PLASTIGLAS  PRINTING  CO. 

626  West  44th  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Arthur  Stewart,  partner. 

PLASTI   MODE  NOVELTY  CO. 
131   West  28th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  34  W.  20th  St..  New 
York. 

Personnel:  S.  Amdur,  owner. 

PLASTIMOLD,  INC. 

61    Union  Street 
Attleboro,   Mass. 

Personnel:  A.  S.  Blackinton,  pres.  & 
treas.'  F.  E.  Tappan,  vice-pres.  &  secy.; 
K.  E.  Birger  Stenberg,  gen.  mgr.  Si-chief 
engr.;  John  Stenberg,  pur.  agent  & 
supt. 

PLASTIPHANE  CO.  OF  AMER. 

120   Liberty  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   C.   W.   Conlan.    partner   & 

sales  mgr.;  E.  G.  Conlay,  partner. 

PLASTIOUES    LABS.,  THE 

5248  North  Clark  Street 
Chicago  40,   III. 

Personnel:  J.  J.  Bailey,  John  O'Connor 
Fitzgerald,  Dr.  E.  D.  de  Gruchy  &  Ho- 
mer Saunders,  partners. 

PLASTITE     ADHESIVE     CEMENT 

800  North  Clark  Street 

Chicago  10,  III. 

Personnel:  Charles  Conner,  mgr. 

PLAX  CORPORATION 
133  Walnut  Street 
Hartford    5,    Conn. 
Personnel:    F.    Goodwin    Smith,    pres.; 
Arthur  T.  Safford  Jr.,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  James  Bailey,  vice-pres.;  John  R. 
Hobson,  secy.;  James  Q.  Burgess,  sales 
mgr.:   Walter    M.    Brash,    pur.    agent; 
A.  S.  Hampson,  comptroller. 

PLOMB  TOOL  COMPANY 

Box   3519  Terminal  Annex 
Los  Angeles  54,  Calif. 
Branch   Office:   2120    N.    Menard    Ave., 
Chicago. 

Personnel:  M.  B.  Pendleton,  pres.'  F. 
J.  Robbins,  H.  W.  Slining  &  J.  Earl 
Jones,  vice-pres.;  J.  E.  Mills,  secy.  & 
comptroller;  R.  W.  Kerr,  vice-pres. 
treas.  &  sales  mgr.;  T.  W.  Pease,  chief 
engr.;  F.  W.  Kirwin,  adv.  mgr.;  Sher- 
man C.  Miller,  personnel  dir.;  F.  W. 
Pearson,  pur.  agent. 

PLYMOLD  CORPORATION 

Lawrence,    Mass. 

Personnel:  Paul  R.  Goldman,  pres., 
treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  Irving  S.  Nager, 
vice-pres.;  Thayer  S.  Warshaw.  sales 
mgr.;  Rudolph  Alt,  chief  engr.;  M. 
Steam,  pur.  agent. 

PLYMOUTH  ORGANIC  LABS. 

59  Beekman  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Herbert  Bye,  pres.  J  gen. 
mgr.;  E.  W.  Parsons,  vice-pres.  & 
treas.;  Eben  C.  Gould,  secy.;  E.  C. 
Schmidt  sales  mgr.;  R.  J.  Olsen,  plant 
mgr.;  Wilbur  A.  Young,  chief  chemist. 

PLY-TEX  MFG.  CORP. 

129  West  22nd  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Charles  Pike,  pres.;  William 
Pike,  treas.;  Joseph  Jones,  sales  mgr. 

PLYWOOD  PLASTICS  CORP. 

Bay  City,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Bernard  B.  Shaw,  pres.;  Os 
car  E.  Ellis,  sales  mgr.;  Robert  M. 
Wright,  (upt. 

POINSETTIA.  INC. 

92  Cedar  Avenue 

Pitman,    NJ. 

Personnel:  Earl  P.  Carter,  owner. 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


POLARAY  COMPANY 
248  Wast  23rd  Street 
New  York    II.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Ruth  Polak,  gen.  mgr.;  Ray- 
mond Marks,  operations  dir. 

POLINER.  WILLIAM 
2200  Tiebout  Avenue 
New  York  57.  N.Y. 

POLY  RESINS 

2348  East  Eighth  Street 

Los  Angeles  21,  California 

Personnel:  Claus  H.  Vender  Reith, 
pres.;  Wm.  F.  Vender  Reith,  vice- 
pres.;  Alfred  E.  Messerly,  secy.  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  F.  £.  Beyer  trees.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Machinery  Sales  Co..  Pias- 
tres Div.,  3838  Santa  Fe  Ave..  Los  An- 
geles, in  charge  sales. 

PORTABLE  PRODUCTS  CORP. 

C.   J.  Tagliabue   Division 
550  Park  Avenue 
Brooklyn  5,  N.Y. 

(ranch  Offices:  Old  South  Bldg.  Bos- 
ton; (08  S.  Dearborn  St..  Chicago:  5902 
Carnegie  Ave.,  Cleveland;  810  Main 
St.,  Dallas;  2832  E.  Grand  Blvd..  De- 
troit; Railway  Exchange  Bldg.  St. 
Louis;  120  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Pertonnej:  G.  A.  Terhune,  adv.  mgr.; 
J.  H.  Nichols,  pur.  agent. 

PORTER-CABLE   MACHINE  CO. 
1714  North  Salina  Street 
Syracuse  8,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  W.  A.  Ridings,  pres.;  0.  J. 
Ridings,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  H.  L. 
Ramsay,  secy.,  sales  S  adv.  mgr.;  L.  B. 
Benham  trees.;  A.  N.  Emmons,  chief 
engr.;  R.  L.  Shurtt  dir.  public  rela- 
tions;  A.  S.  Bancroft,  pur.  agent. 

PORTER,  C.  O.  MACH.  CO. 

666   Front  Avenue.   Northwest 
Grand  Rapids  4,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Clare  O.  Porter,  pres.,  treas. 
»  gen.  mgr.;  Burke  E.  Porter,  vice-pres. 
S  chief  engr.;  J.  R.  Herman,  secy.  & 
sales  mgr. 


PORTER.  H.  K.  COMPANY.  INC. 
1932  Oliver  Building 
Pittsburgh  22.  Penna. 

•ranch  Offices:  332  S.  Michigan  Ave.. 
Chicago:  Carew  Towers.  Cincinnati; 
Grand  River  &  Washington  Blvd  De- 
troit; 7I«  W.  Olympic  Blvd..  Los  An- 
geles; 3«  Thomas  St..  Newark  N.J.- 
50  Church  St..  New  York;  Girard  Trust 
lldg.,  Philadelphia;  Lincoln  Alliance 
Bank  Bldg..  Rochester.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  T.  M.  Evens,  pres.;  C.  R. 
Am,  vice-ores.;  F.  A.  Rehorst,  secy. 
»  trees.;  w.  A.  Celender,  gen.  mgr.; 
W.  W.  Calihan,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
E.  J.  Hunter  chief  engr.;  H.  J.  Zulaus- 
kes.  dir.  public  relations;  W.  W.  Bag- 
ley,  pur.  agent. 

POST  &  JOHNSON,  INC. 
71    Church   Street 
Hartford,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Roy  W.  Johnson,  pres.;  Har. 
old  P.  Pott,  freas.  &  prod.  mgr. 

POTTER     &     BRUMFIELD     MFG. 
617-21    North  Gibson  Street 
Princeton,  Ind. 

Personnel:  E.  E.  Potter,  pres.;  R.  M. 
Brumfield,  secy.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
Charles  W.  Key.  chief  engr.;  H.  L. 
Hightower,  pur.  agent. 

POWHATAN  MINING  CO. 
6721   Windsor  Mill  Road 
Baltimore,   Md. 

PRATT  &  WHITNEY 

Div.   Niles-Bement-Pond  Company 
I   Charter  Oak  Boulevard 
West  Hartford  I,  Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  Birmingham;  Boston; 
Chicago;  Cincinnati;  Cleveland;  De- 
troit; Lot  Angeles;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh; Rochester;  St.  Louis;  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Personnel:  C.  W.  Deeds,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  P.  Kirk,  vice-pres.  &  salts 
mgr.  mchry.;  A.  H.  d'Arcembal,  vice- 
pres.  &  sales  mgr.  small  tools  &  gage 


dept.;  H.  D.  Tanner.  C.  M.  Pond  8, 
A.  S.  Keller,  vice-pres.;  R.  W.  Banfield, 
secy.;  E.  L.  Morgan,  treas.:  Carroll 
Knows,  chief  engr.  C.E.  macn.  dept.: 
Peul  Desiardins,  chief  engr.  C.E.  small 
tool  dept.;  Raymond  S.  Foi,  chief  engr. 
C.E.  gage  dept.;  F.  O.  Coughlin,  pur. 
agent. 

PREBLE,  HARRY  JR. 
104  East  40th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

PRECISE  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 
1328-30  Clark  Street 
Racine,  Wis. 

Personnel:  H.  W.  Schumann,  gen. 
mgr.;  Rob.  Schumann,  chief  engr.;  C. 
W.  Langlott,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  E.  Drew, 
supt. 

PRECISION  ELECTROTYPE  CO. 

1045  Sansoma  Street 
San  Francisco  II,  Calif. 
Personnej:   D.   H.   Patterson  Jr.,   pres.; 
N.   J.    Rich,    vice-pres.    &    gen.    mgr.; 
V.  C.  Hobbs,  secy.;  J.  F.  Gervin,  treas. 

PRECISION  FABRICATORS.  INC. 

Box  270 

East  Rochester,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  C.  W.  Major,  pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  C.  Stuart  Tabor,  vice-pres.;  Ray 
H.  Uschold,  secy.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent; 
F.  Robert  Bean,  gen.  mgr.  &  chief 
engr. 

PRECISION  MOLD  CO.,  INC. 
550S  West  Montrose  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Stephen  J.  Handzel,  pres.  & 
trees.;  Normen  Wieser,  vice-pres.;  H. 
Wielgus,  secy. 

PRECISION   MOLDED  PLASTICS 
2014  West  53rd  Street 
Cleveland  2.  Ohio 

Personnel:  C.  C.  Gildersleeve,  pres.  1 
treas.:  M.  M.  Gildersleeve,  vtce-pres.; 
Fred  Zimmerman,  secy. 


PRECISION  PAPER  TUBE  CO. 
2035  West  Charleston  Street 
Chicago  47,   Illinois 
Personnel:  Wm.  F.  Stehl.  prat. 

PRECISION  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

1451  West  Van  Buren  Street 

Chicago,  III. 

Branch  Office:  125  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chi- 

cago. 

Personnel:  Phil  Cutler,  pres.;  C.  J.  Le- 

van,  vice-pres. 

PRECISION  PLASTICS  CO. 
4647-61   Stanton  Avenue 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 
Personnel:  E.  W.  Danien,  pres. 

PRECISION   SPECIALTIES 

210-20  North  Western  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  4.  Calif. 
Branch  Offices:  Irving  Saphin,  IJ?  N.E. 
First   St.,    Miami;   Wm.    B.   Stone.   237 
Madison  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:    Lewis    H.   Gleser,    partner, 
gen.  mgr.  ft  chief  engr.;  Joseph  Rabin- 
owitch,    partner    ft    sales    mgr.;    Erich 
Man,  dir.  plastics  research;  Martin  J. 
Newman,  Hillman.  Shane,  Breyer,  Inc., 
edv.  mgr.;  John  Spirecos.  pur.  agent; 
Paul  D.  Gatov,  comptroller. 

PRECO.  INC. 

1661  Westmoreland  Blvd. 

Los  Angeles  6,  Calif. 

PREIS,  H.  P.  ENGRAVING  MA- 
CHINE CO. 
155  Summit  St. 
Newark  4.  N  J. 

Personnel:  E.  J.  Preis.  pres.;  A.  M. 
Malloy,  gen.  mgr.;  J.  A.  Hoffmann, 
chief  engr. 

PREPAC 

29  West  26th  Street 

New  York  10.  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Herman    Jecobson,    owner; 

Mrs.    Hermen    Jacobson,    prod,    mgr.; 

Ernest   Holden,   mgr. 


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HOMES— PREFABRICATED 

LIGHTING  FIXTURES 


MACHINERY 

METAL  STAMPINGS 

PLUMBING 

PACKAGING 

RADIO-TELEVISION 

TOYS 

TOOL  &  DIE 


PLASTIC  MATERIALS— PROCESSES— PRODUCTS 


We  will  market  aggreisively  desirable  products  on  a  national  scale  now;  also  export  where  pos- 
sible .  .  .  Individual  or  small  companies  having  patents  can  deal  with  one  reliable  company  who 
will  arrange  for  capital,  manufacturing  facilities,  and  complete  marketing  oi  worthwhile  products 
with  full  protection  of  all  rights  guaranteed  by  us.  Write  fully  to 

GEORGE  D.  NICHOLS.  President 


161  West  Wisconsin  Avenue 

Consulting 
Research 


Telephone   DAly   5665-5666-5914-5915 

Predict   Engineering 
Members  of  Milwaukee  Association  of  Commerce. 


Milwaukee    3.    Wisconsin 

Management  Service 
Marketing 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


311 


NATIONAL 


FOR  BRAIDED  WIRE 
AND  CABLE  COVERS 


Tr.de  Mark  Reg. 
J.S.  Pel.  OH. 


Developed  in  smaller  dia- 
meters ior  this  purpose. 
SARAN  monofilament  pos- 
sesses properties  unknown 
in  any  other  type  of  mate- 
rial used  heretofore  and 
which  greatly  improve  the 
characteristics  of  braided 
wire  lor  any  purpose. 

A  booklet  describing  actual 
tests  made  with  SARAN. 
and  samples,  will  be  sent 
on  request. 


nnTionnL  PLHSTIC/PRODUCTS 


ODENTON.    MARYLAND 


In  Tools 


CARBIDE  TIPPED 


Taper  or  straight  shank  engraving  cutters 
made  to  order  —  up  to  5/g  inch  diameter. 
Single  and  double  lip  end  mills,  used  for 
engraving  cutter  or  regular  end  mill,  also 
made  to  order.  Milling  cutters  and  saws 
made  up  to  14  inches  diameter.  Also  coun- 
tersinks, counferbores,  etc. 


FRED   M.   VELEPEC    CO. 

71-11  64th  Street  Glendale,  L.  I. 


PRIME  PLASTIC  MFG.  CORP. 
33  Bleecker  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Frank  Neglia,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Morris  Wagner,  secy.,  treas.  & 
sales  mgr. 

PRINTLOID.  INC. 

93  Mercer  Street 
New  York  12,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  G.  Margolish,  pres.;  M. 
Margolish,  vice-pres.;  S.  Helfman, 
secy.;  M.  Lome,  chief  engr.;  L.  Green. 
pur.  agent. 

PRIORITY  DIE  SINKING  CO. 
479  Wellington  Street,  West 
Toronto,    Ontario,   Can. 

Personnel:  Fred  Winkler.  gen.  mgr.- 
J.  W.  Haunickel,  sales  mgr. 

PROCTER  &  GAMBLE  CO..  THE 
Gwynne   Building 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Richard  R.  Deupree,  pres.; 
Thomas  J.  Wood,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
sales;  Neil  H.  McElroy,  vice-pres.  in 
charge  adv.  &  promotion-  Floyd  M 
Barnes,  vice-pres.  in  charge  pur.;  Har- 
vey C.  Knowles  vice-pres.  in  charge 
mfg.;  Renton  K.  Brodie  &  Ralph  "F 
Rogan,  vice-pres.;  H.  Truxtun  Emerson 
secy.;  Walter  H.  Turtle,  treas  •  R  P' 
Short  chief  engr.;  F.  W.  Blair,  dir.  re- 
search; W.  6.  Werner,  dir.  public  re- 
lations. 

PROCTOR  &  SCHWARTZ,    INC. 
Seventh  Street  &  Tabor  Road 
Philadelphia  20,   Pennsylvania 
•ranch     Offices:     Merchandise     Mart 
Chicago;   Howard   Bldg.,    Providence. 
Personnel:    Walter    M.    Schwartz    Sr., 
pres.;    E.    B.    Ayres   Jr.,    vice-pres.    in 
charge    purchasing;    A.    O.     Hontthal, 
P.  K.  Schwartz  &  H.  T.  Hershey,  vice- 
pre«.'   F.   E.  Schermerhorn,  secy  •  Wai- 
tjr     S.    Corson,     treas.;     George    W. 
O  Keeffe,  sales  mgr.;  P.  W.  Bur,  chief 
engr.;  John  W.   Reinhardt,  adv.  mgr. 

PROCUNIER     SAFETY     CHUCK 

18  Clinton  Street 
Chicago  6,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  G.  Procunier.  prev;  J.  A. 
McConnell,  secy. 

PRODUCT  DESIGNERS 

230    North    Michigan   Ave. 
Chicago   I,  III. 

Personnel:  Joseph  Palma  Jr.  design 
dir.;  W.  C.  Nichols,  managing  dir. 

PRODUCT  ENGR.  &  MFG.  CO. 

3709  West  Armitage  Avenue 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  James  A.  Boyajian,  owner. 

PROGRESS  SMELTING  &  REFIN- 
ING CO. 

33  Walnut  Avenue 
Toronto    2B,    Ontario,    Can. 
Personnel:  M.  Zadnoff,  owner  &  mgr. 

PROGRESSIVE  WELDER  CO. 

3050    East  Outer   Drive 
Detroit   12.  Mich, 
'ersonnel:    Fred    H.  Johnson,    pres.-    L. 
M.   Benkert,  gen.   mgr.;  J.    R.  Gordon, 
gen.    sales    mgr.;    D.    W.    Drury,    adv. 
mgr.;  W.    D.   Nixon,   pur.  agent. 

'ROLON  PLASTICS 

)iv.    Pro-phy-lac-tic    Brush    Co. 
"me  Street 
:lorence,  Mass. 

•ersopnel:  W.  C.  Bird,  exec,  vice-pres  • 
W.  E.  Hill  »  C.  E.  Maynard,  vice' 
>res.;  C.  A.  Dolan.  secy.  &  treas. ;  J.  K. 
^ay,  gen.  supt.;  K.  N.  Atwater,  sales 
ngr.;  J.  A.  Peterson  chief  engr.;  G.  F. 
VAIelio.  dir.  plastics  research;  Lam- 
lert  &  Feasely,  New  York,  adv.  mgr.; 
ames  G.  Meehan,  pur.  agent. 

PROTECTIVE    COATINGS,    INC. 

Box  56 

Detroit  27,   Mich. 

Personnel:  H.  Tom  Collord,  pres. 

'ROTECTO   PHOTO  COMPANY 

Broadway 
Mew  York   4.    N.Y. 

'ersonnel:  Manfred  Katzenstein  &  Harry 
evi,  partners. 


312 


PULVERIZING  MACHINERY  CO 

Chatham  Road 
Summit,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Louis  Duprecht,  owner-  C 
W.  Ruprecht,  vice-pres.;  F.  E.  Oswald" 
sales  mgr.;  C.  D.  Burtenshaw,  chief 
engr. 

PYRAGLASS.  INC. 

South   Robinson  Avenue 
Newburgh.   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  2  W.  45th  Place  New 
York. 

Personnel:  Ralph  P.  Manny,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Bee  A.  Leonard,  vice-pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  Edward  H.  Tatum,  secre- 
tary. • 

PYRENE  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

560  Belmont  Avenue 
Newark   8,   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  242  Spring  St.  N.W. 
Atlanta;  444  N.  Lake  Shore  Dr.,  Chi- 
cago; 777  Mission  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  Edward  J.  Waring,  pres.; 
Edward  G.  Weed.  exec,  vice-pres.; 
George  H.  Boucher  &  J.  Edward  Fitz- 
Simons,  vice-pres.;  Edward  A.  Clapp, 
secy.  &  treas.;  G.  R.  LeCerff,  mgr. 
govt.  &  export  sales  dept.;  Fred  A. 
Dodelin.  chief  engr.;  Truman  Young, 
adv.  rngr.;  Harry  L.  Freidauf,  pur. 
agent. 

PYROMETER   INSTRUMENT  CO. 

103   Lafayette  Street 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.  Bollerman,  pres.  &  adv. 
mgr.;  P.  V.  Bollerman,  secy.;  E.  Som- 
ter,  chief  engr.;  J.  Crystal!,  pur.  agent. 

PYRO  PLASTICS  COMPANY 

526  North  Avenue,  East 
Westfield.   NJ. 

Personnel:  Wm.  M.  Lester,  owner  & 
chief  engr.;  B.  L.  Lester,  treas.  &  pur. 
agent;  Wm.  M.  Shapiro,  general  man- 
ager. 

PYROXYLIN  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

4851  South  St.  Louis  Avenue 

Chicago  32.  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Los  Angeles;  New  York; 

Wichita. 

Personnel:   P.  S.   Fawkes,   pres.;  W.  C. 

Wilson,  vice-pres.;  C.  E.  Fawkes.  secy.. 

trees.    &    sales    mgr.;    Leonard    Powell, 

plant    mgr. 

QUAKER  OATS  COMPANY 

Chemicals    Department 

141    West  Jackson    Boulevard 

Chicago  4,   III. 

Personnel:  R.  Douglas  Stuart,  pres.;  D. 
B.  Douglas,  L.  R.  Hawley,  C.  A.  Lahey, 
R.  S.  Laird,  0.  B.  Lourie.  Wm.  D.  Mc- 
Kenzie,  Geo.  A.  Macdonald.  H.  E. 
Muzzy,  E.  D.  Shumway  &  Walter  L. 
Templeton,  vice-pres.;  Robert  E.  Coon, 
secy.;  L.  F.  Watermulder,  trees.;  Lauren 
B.  Hitchcock,  mgr.  chem.  dept.;  Dr. 
F.  N.  Peters,  dir.  research. 

QUALITY  DIE  &  MOULD  CO. 

I  1864   Evanston 
Detroit,  Mich. 

RACINE  TOOL  &  MACHINE  CO. 

Racine,  Wis. 

RCA  VICTOR  DIVISION 

Radio  Corporation  of  America 
30   Rockefeller  Plaza 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Sales   Offices:   All    principal   cities. 
Plants:     Bloomington,     Ind.;    Camden, 
N.J.;     Harrison,     N.J.;      Indianapolis; 
Lancaster,    Pa. 

Research  Laboratory:  Princeton,  N.J. 
Personnel:  David  Sarnoff,  pres.:  F.  M. 
Folsom,  vice-pres.;  L.  MacConnack, 
secy.;  E.  F.  Haines,  treas.;  R.  Shannon, 
g_en.  mgr.;  E.  W.  Engstrom,  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  C.  B.  Joliffe,  chief  engr.; 
J.  Haber,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  Eddison,  chief 
chemist;  F.  D.  Wilson,  gen.  pur.  dir.; 
R.  C.  Maslin,  director  of  public  rela- 
tions. 

RADIO  FREQUENCY  LABS.,  INC. 

Boonton,   NJ. 

Personnel:    Robert   Corbin,   exec,   vice- 
pre*. 


MAPPTT 


RAYBESTOS-MANHATTAN,  INC. 

Industrial  Sales  Division 
173  East  Steigel  Street 
Manhaim,  Penna. 

RADIO  RECEPTOR  CO.,  INC. 

251  West  19th  Street 

New   York    II.    N.Y. 

•ranch  Omen:  200  Varick  St..  210  llth 

An.  &  l<5  Hudson  St.,  New  York. 


el:  Ludwig  Arnton,  pres.;  J.  M. 

Torr,  e«t.  to  pres.  &  tales  &  adv.  mgr.: 
Hugo  Cohn,  vice-prefl.  &  trees.;  Harold 
Zeamans,  secy.;  A.  C.  Wooldridge. 
angr.  in  charge  plastics  div.;  William 
Ostrove.  pur.  agent. 

RAE.  J.  FRASER 
3807  Harrison  Street 
Oakland,   Calif. 

RAINBOW  PLASTIC  LIMITED 
P.O.  Bon  383 
Ottawa,  Ontario,  Can. 

Personnel:  J.  L.  Dean,  pres.  &  sales 
mgrj  W.  H,  Chapman,  vice-pres.;  L. 
W.  Knell,  secy.  &  trees.  &  gen.  mgr. 

RALCO  MFG.  COMPANY,  INC. 
123  North  Albany  Avenue 
Chicago   12.  III. 

Personnel:  John  Lofgren.  pres.;  F.  N. 
lofgren,  secy.  &  trees.;  T.  A.  Lofgren. 
gen.  &  sales  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

RAND  RUBBER  COMPANY 
Sumner  Avenue  and  Halsy  Street 
Brooklyn,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  L.  H.  Rand.  pres.  &  trees. 

RATHBUN    MOLDING  CORP. 
290   Rochester  Street 
Salamanca,    N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  L.  Rothbun,  pres.:  F.  F. 
Rathbun,  vice-pres.;  A.  0.  Carlson, 
secy.  &  trees.;  R.  F.  Rathbun,  sales 
mgr.;  Raymond  Barnes,  dir.  plastics 
research. 

RAYMOND  LABS.,  INC. 

261   East  Fifth  Street 
St.   Paul,   Minnesota 

Branch  Office:  22  W.  «8th  St.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  Raymond  E.  Lee,  pres..  treas. 
i  gen.  mgr.;  Raymond  E.  Reed,  vice- 
pres.  &  chief  chemist:  Stanley  C.  Wat- 
son, vice-pres.,  chief  engr.  J  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  Mark  L.  Arend,  secy.; 
Jeck  Price,  sales  mgr.:  Archie  L.  Good- 
men,  adv.  mgr.;  Robert  J.  Shapiro, 
pur.  agent. 

RAYMOND  PULVERIZER  DIV. 

Combustion   Engineering  Co.,  Inc. 
1319  North   Branch  Street 
Chicago  22.  III. 
Personnel:  W.  A.  Keren,  gen.  mgr. 

RAYON    PROCESSING  CO.  OF 
R.  I.,  INC.,  THE 

86  Tremont  Street 
Central   Falls,   R.I. 

Personnel:  N  E.  McCulloch  pres.  & 
sales  mgr.:  C.  Stanley  Kinney,  vice- 
pres.:  O.  G.  Thayer,  secy.,  gen.  mgr. 
»  pur.  agent;  Wm.  McCulloch,  trees.; 
J.  B.  Dow,  chief  engr. 

READ  MACHINERY  CO.,  INC. 
York,  Penna. 

lr«nch  Offices:  377  S.  La  Selle  St.. 
Chicago:  40  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York; 
401  N.  Broad  St..  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  Jamet  T.  Duffy  Jr.,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  T.  F.  Freed,  vice-pres.  & 
trees.;  J.  I.  Spangler,  vice-pres.;  Le- 
Roy  W.  Sipe.  secy.;  A.  K.  Brennan. 
Mies  mgr.  chemical  div.;  Wellace 
Cuneen,  sales  mgr.  bakery  div.;  John 
Gaffney,  chief  engr.;  C.  W.  Ness.  pur. 
•t*nt. 

READE,  MARTIN  GEORGE,  INC. 

128  East  91st  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Midon  Wade,  secy. 

READING     CHAIN     &     BLOCK 
2100  Adams  Street 
Reading,  Penna. 

Personnel:  Fred  A.  Howard,  pres.  t 
pur.  agent;  Philip  K.  Howard,  vicf- 
pres.  if  tales  mgr.;  Frank  M.  Howard 


secy.  &  trees.;  A.  K.  Harti.ll,  chief 
engr. 

READING-PRATT  &  CODY  DIV. 
American  Chain  &  Cable  Co..  Inc. 
Reading,  Penna. 

RECTO  MOLDED  PROD.,  INC. 

Appleton  &  B.  &  O.  Railroad 

Cincinnati  9.  Ohio 

Branch  Office:  General   Motors   Bldg.. 

Detroit. 

Personnel:    I.    H.    Klein,    pres":    Frank 

Harvey,  vice-pres.  It  secy.;  N.  A.  Back 

itheider.  treas.  &  gen.  mgr. 

REED-PRENTICE  CORPORATION 

677  Cambridge  Street 
Worcester  4,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  1213  W.  Third  St.. 
Cleveland:  75  West  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:  F.  W.  Mclnfyre,  pres.,  gen. 
&  sales  mar.;  C.  S.  Parson,  vice-pres 
&  trees.;  E.  T.  Connolly,  secv.:  R.  I 
Rouqemont,  chief  enqr.:  C.  W.  Gal- 
lagher, adv.  mgr.:  R.  P.  Harrington, 
pur.  agent;  E.  J.  Keyes.  plant  mgr. 

REED.  ROWENA 
228  East  61st  Street 
New  York  21,   N.Y. 

REICHHOLD  CHEMICALS,  INC 
601  Woodward  Heights  Boulevard 
Detroit  20.  Mich. 
Branch  Offices:  Brooklyn;  Elizabeth 
N.J.;  San  Francisco;  Tuscaloosa.  Ala 
Personnel:  C.  J.  O'Connor,  pres.;  H.  H 
Reichhold,  ch.  of  board;  A.  G.  Goet? 
vice-pres.  &  secy.;  P.  L.  Swisher,  vice- 
pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  T.  K.  Haven,  vic*- 
ores.  &  dir.  public  relations:  S.  R 
Baum,  W.  H.  Breuer.  C.  B.  Frittche 
C.  A.  Knauss.  M.  W.  Reece  &  P.  J 
Ryan,  vice-pres.;  H.  O.  Widman.  chief 
engr.;  H.  Kline,  dir.  plastics  research- 
J.  J.  Bradley  Jr..  dir.  in  charge  re- 
search;  G.  H.  La  Piner.  adv.  mgr. 
O.  R.  Steinert,  pur.  agent. 

REILLY  TAR  &  CHEM.  CORP. 

Merchants  Bank  Building 
Indianapolis  4,  Ind. 
Branch  Office:  500  Fifth  Ave..  New  York 
Personnel:  P.  C.  Reilly.  pres.:  P.  C 
Reilly  Jr..  vice-pres.:  R.  J.  Weschlcr 
secy.:  S.  Kloss,  treas.;  Wm.  Higburg 
gen.  &  sales  mqr.:  H.  R.  Horner,  chiel 
engr.;  Dr.  F.  E.  Cislak,  dir.  research 
J.  H.  Davidson,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  B.  Ed 
wards,  dir.  public  relations;  S.  C 
Boyle,  pur.  agent. 

REIMULLER  BROS.  CO. 
9400  Belmont  Avenue 
Franklin  Park.  III. 
Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  C.  J.   Reimuller.  pres..  snle' 
&    adv.    mgr.;    C.    L.    Reimuller.    vice 
pres.  &  dir.  public  relations:  E.  Schultj 
vice-pres.;  Chas.  Ross  Jr..  secy.,  treas. 
&   pur.  agent. 

REINHOLD.  F.  E.  MFG. 

7001    McKinley  Avenue 

Los  Angeles  I.  Calif. 

Personnel:  F.  E.  Reinhold.  owner-  G.  W 

Kritier,    qen.    mgr.:    H.    McC.    Rossirc 

asst.   mgr. 

REINHOLD-GEIGER  PLASTICS 

8763  Crocker  Street 

Los  Angeles  3.  Calif. 

Personnel:  Lisle  Reinhold  &  Harry  Gei- 

ger,    partners:    Dale   McDonald,    plant 

supt. 

RELIABLE  PLASTICS 
Division   Reliable  Toy  Company 
258  Carlaw  Avenue 
Toronto.  Ontario,  Can. 

Personnel:  S.  F.  Samuels,  oartner.  sales 
&  adv.  mgr.:  Aleiander  Samuel,  part 
ner;  Oskar  Doster.  chief  engr.;  Ben 
Samuels,  pur.  agent. 

REMLER  COMPANY  LTD. 
2101  Bryant  Street 
Sen  Francisco  10.  Calif. 
Personnel:  E.  G.  Danielson,  pres.:  R.  C 
Gray  vice-pres  :  W.  S.  Jerdme.  secv 
&  trees.;  W.  L.  Nahm,  gen.  supt.:  H.  L 
Parker,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.:  H.  A 
Greene,  chief  engr.;  E.  L.  Danielson 
dir.  plastics  research;  C.  B.  Smith,  dir 
public  relations;  G.  A.  Coleman.  pur 
agent. 


THIS  RADIO  CABINET 
MOLDED  IN  PLASTIC  FOR 


*  BEAUTY 

*  LIGHT  WEIGHT 


*  STRENGTH  AND 
RIGIDITY 


EASE  OF  ASSEMBLY 


If  your  product  needs  more  sales 
appeal,  why  not  call  Modern 
Plastics  Corporation  today  ? 
Telephone:  5-1161. 


Latest  Equipment  loi 


CUSTOM  COMPRESSION  AND  INJEC- 
TION MOLDING  AND  LAMINATING. 
SPECIAL  ENGINEERING  SERVICE  IN 
DIE  DESIGN  AND  CONSTRUCTION 


INIICTION    AMD    COMMISSION   MOIOINO  •  tAMINATINO  •  INOINIieiNO    MIVKI 


•  mi    moil    Mill 


•  >  •     i  *.  •   i  *    *. 


.11.1 


NAMES  •  DESIGNS 
TRADEMARKS 


SPECIALISTS 

For  many  years  we   have   specialized  in 

Making  STEEL  RULE  DIES, 

DIE  CUTTI N  G  sheet  plastics,  fibre. 

board  euHEATEMBOSSING 


Our  experience  has  en- 
abled us  to  cut  die  costs 
as  much  as  90  per  cent. 
Our  services  are  economi- 
cal, reliable  and  as  fast  as 
quality  work  and  war  or- 
ders permit. 

Consult  us  about  the  job 
you  have  in  mind. 


On   many   jobs   STEEL    RULE 

DIES  are  only   1/20  the  cost 

of    conventional    male    and 

female   dies. 


1»4  GREENE   ST..   NEW  YORK   12.   N.  Y. 


GRAMERCY  7.7267-8-9 


RENSSELAER  POLYTECHNIC 

INSTITUTE 
Troy.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Le  Roy  W.  Clark,  head  dept. 
mech. 

REPUBLIC  FLOW  METERS  CO. 

2240  Diversey  Parkway 
Chicago  47,   III. 

Personnel?  J.  D.  Cunningham,  pres.; 
6.  S.  Hendrickson.  tales  mgr.;  H.  W. 
Stoetzel,  adv.  mgr. 

RESINOUS  PRODUCTS  &  CHEM- 
ICAL COMPANY.  THE 

222  West  Washington  Square 
Philadelphia   5,   Penna. 

Personnel:  E.  C.  B.  Kirsoop,  pres.:  L. 
Ktein,  vice-pres.;  S.  C.  Kelton,  secy.; 
H.  C.  Cheetham,  sales  mgr.;  Robert 
P.  Goodale.  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public 
relations;  P.  J.  Clarke,  pur.  agent. 

RESIN-WOOD  PRODUCTS  CO. 

823-833   East  31st  Street 
Los  Angeles  II,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Robert  F.  Craig  &  Kenneth 
W.  Fritch.  partners. 

RESISTOFLEX  CORPORATION 

39  Plansoen  Street 

Belleville  9,   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta:  Buffalo,  N.Y.; 

Chicago;   Cleveland;   Denver:   Detroit; 

Fort   Worth;   Los  Anqeles;   Milwaukee; 

Philadelphia;  St.  Louis;  San   Francisco; 

Seattle;  Toronto. 

Personnel:  Edgar  S.  Peierls.  pres.,  treas. 

&  gen.   mgr.;  Herman   E.   Krebs,  vice- 

pres..  sales  &  adv.  mgr.:  Curt  E.  Stret- 

ton,  secy,  i  pur.  dir.:  W.  MacWilliam, 

chief  engr.;  Dr.  C.  Dangelmajer,  chief 

chemist. 

RES  PRO,  INC. 

Wellington  Avenue 
Cranston.   R.I. 

Personnel:  Frederic  H.  Taber.  pres.: 
Clark  W.  Holcomb,  vice-pres.:  Ray- 
mond S.  Newell,  secy.,  treas.  4  gen. 
mqr.:  John  E.  Manion,  sales  mar.;  Jo- 
seph B.  Adnms.  chief  engr.:  Albert  J. 
Hanley,  chief  chemist;  William  H. 
Young  Jr.,  adv.  mgr.;  Frederick  R. 
Fitipatrick.  pur.  agent. 

REVERE  COPPER  &  BRASS,  INC. 

Dallas  Division 

2200   North   Natchez  Avenue 

Chicago  35,  III. 

Personnel:    H.    S.    Ullmann,   vice-pres.- 

S.  A.  Derby,  treas.;  R.  H.  Buck,  sales 

mgr.;  H.  C.  Bauer,  pur  agent. 

REYNOLDS.  HAROLD  F. 

1139  Glenlake 
Chicago  40.  III. 

REX  CO.    INC.,  THE 

51    Lanrlsdowne   Street 
Cambridge  39,  Mass. 

Iranch  Office:  152  W.  42nd  St.,  New 
York. 

Personnel:  B.  D.  Phillios  pres.;  Linda 
E.  Hall,  secv.;  L.  M.  Phillips,  treas.  & 
aen.  mgr.:  G.  E.  Bell,  sales  mar.:  C.  A. 
Whiting,  chief  enar.:  D.  H.  Woodward, 
dir.  plastics  research:  J.  B.  Hallin,  pur. 
agent. 

REYAM  PLASTIC  PROD.  CO. 

P68    East    52nd    Street 

Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  F.  D.  Mayer,  pres. 

REYNOLDS,  RAYMOND  H. 

233   Kenvon  Avenue 
Ell-hart,  Ind. 

R.  I.  LABORATORIES,   INC. 

100  Pulaski  Street 

West  Warwick.    R.I. 

Branch    Office:    580    Fifth    Ave.,    New 

York. 

•*rsonnel:    Maurice    A.     Weil,     pres.: 

vlai.   Adler,  secy.;  Walter   E.   Murray, 

'•reas. 

RICHARDS,   HARPER 

430  North  Michigan  Ave. 
Chicago  1 1,  III. 

RICHARDSON  COMPANY,  THE 

Melrose   Park,   III. 

Branch  Offices:  Cleveland;  Detroit;  New 

York. 


Plants:    Indianapolis;    Lockland,    Ohio; 
New  Brunswick,  N.J. 
Personnel:  C.  L.  Keller,  pres.;  J.  Dana 
Brown,    vice-pres.;   J.    M.    Richardson, 
secy.;  Paul  C.  Tiefi.  sales  mgr. 

RICKERT-SHAFER   CO. 

613  W.  llth  St. 
Erie,  Pa. 

Personnel:  A.  A.  Rickert,  ch.  of  bd.; 
A.  W.  Young,  pres.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr. 
&  dir.  public  relations;  Andrew  G. 
Shafer,  secy.,  treas.  &  pur.  agent; 
Harry  Jones,  chief  engr.;  A.  H. 
Church,  dir.  research  &  development. 

RIDEOUT  &  PAYER 

Box  306 

Chagrin   Falls,  Ohio 

Personnel:  John  Gordon  Rideout,  owner; 

Ernst  Payer,  associate. 

RIEGEL  PAPER  CORPORATION 

342   Madison  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  III  W.  Washington,  Chi- 
cago. 

Mills:  Hughesville,  N.J.;  Milford,  N.J.; 
Fiegelsville.  N.J.;  Warren  Glenn,  N.J. 
Personnel:  John  L.  Riegel,  pres.,  treas. 
&  gen.  mgr.;  Paul  R.  Bachman.  vice- 
pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  Walker  Hamilton, 
vice-pres.  &  pur.  agent;  George  L.  Bid- 
well  Sr..  vice-pres.:  Aaron  P.  Mitchell, 
secy.;  George  C.  Borden  Jr.,  dir.  plas- 
tics research;  D.  A.  L.  M.  Bixler,  plas- 
tics chemist;  F.  L.  Triggs.  adv.  mgr.; 
William  B.  Darling,  industrial  rep. 
plastics  div. 

RITTER  COMPANY.  INC. 

Rochester,     N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  New  York;  Philadel- 
phia; San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  E.  J.  Ries,  pres.;  W.  S.  Her- 
npn.  vice-pres.;  F.  Ritter  Shumway, 
vice-pres.,  secy.  &  treas.;  V.  A.  Noel, 
sales  mgr.;  E.  Hurlburt,  adv.  mgr.; 
R.  J.  Rosa,  pur.  agent. 

RIVETT  LATHE  &  GRINDER,  INC. 
1 8  Riverview  Road 
Brighton,  Mass. 

Personnel:  S.  Ross  Thorvald,  pre*.;  Al- 
bert B.  Hunt,  treas.;  Herman  Baker, 
pur.  agent. 

ROBBINS  COMPANY,  THE 
Attleboro,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta:  Boston;  Chi- 
caqo:  Cleveland;  Hartford'  Los  An- 
geles; New  York;  Philadelphia. 
Personnel:  Theodore  Leavens,  exec, 
vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.:  E.  F.  Logan, 
vice-pres.  &  works  mir.;  Benj.  Taylor, 
chief  engr.:  Georqe  Enas.  dir.  plastics 
research;  Van  Asmus  Bunting,  pur. 
agent. 

ROBB,  JOSEPH  &  CO.  LIMITED 

5575  Cote  St.  Paul  Road 
Montreal  20,  Quebec,  Can. 
Branch    Offices:    Hamilton.    Ont.;    To- 
ronto. 

Personnel:  J.  D.  Robb,  pres.:  W.  C. 
Robb.  vice-pres.,  secy.  &  treas.;  Bruce 
Robb,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  E.  L. 
Foley,  vice-pres.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions: Morse  Robb.  dir.  plastics  re- 
search &  chief  chemist'  W.  L.  Chop- 
ping, adv.  mgr.;  J.  C.  MacDonald. 
pur.  agent. 

ROBERTS,  F.  W.  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 

69  Lock  Street 

Lockport,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  G.   D.   Illlg,  supt. 

ROCKFORD     MACHINE    TOOL 

RocVford,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  B.  Newton,  pres.;  A. 
Triebel  Jr.,  vice-pres.;  G.  J.  Land- 
strom,  secy.;  A.  E.  Olson,  treas.;  Elmer 
Halbero,  plant  mgr.;  V.  A.  Root,  sales 
mgr.;  R.  E.  Herrstrum,  chief  engr.; 
C.  A.  Corrlgan,  adv.  mgr.;  Dan  Davis, 
pur.  agent. 

RODDIS  LUMBER  &  VENEER  CO. 

Marshfield,   Wis. 

Sales  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:     Hamilton     Roddis,     pres.; 

Louis  Kortn,  mgr.;  H.  C.  Jensen,  sales 

mgr. 

RODGERS  HYDRAULIC,  INC. 

7443  Walker  Street 

St.  Louis  Park 

Minneapolis    16,    Minn. 

Personnel:  J.  L.   Rodgers.   pres.,  treas. 

&    gen.    mgr.;    G.    A.    Rodgers,    vice- 


314 


FLASTiCS 


MARCH  1945 


pro.;    J.    S.    Rodgen,    tecy.    i    chief 

mar.;  J.  G.  Murphy,  sales  mgr.;  Leilia 
W.  Brown,  adv.  mgr.;  Harvey  J.  Hill, 
dir.  public  relations;  W.  R.  Smith,  pur. 
ag«nt. 

RODIER.  ROBERT 
475  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 
ROGER  MFG.  CO. 
5200   East   12th  Street 
Oakland    I.  Calif. 
Personnel:  A.  J.  Roger,  owner. 

ROGERS,  V.  F. 
2454    15th   Street 
Denver  II.  Colo. 
Personnel:  V.  F.  Rogers,  owner. 

ROGERS  PAPER  MFG.  CO..  THE 
Manchester,  Conn, 
trench  Office:  Goodyear,  Conn. 
Personnel:  Wm.  H.  Rave,  pres.;  S.  M. 
Silverstein,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  R. 
A.  St.  Laurent,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Newton  P.  Hutchison,  trees.;  Clint 
Childs,  chief  engr.;  Ernest  Kritzmacher. 
dir.  plastics  research;  Sol  Baker,  chief 
chemist;  Charles  Brunelle,  adv.  mgr.; 
R.  F.  Hawley,  dir.  public  relations  & 
pur.  agent. 

ROHDE,  GILBERT 

22  East  60th  St. 

New  York  22,  New  York 

Personnel:  Peggy  Ann  Rohde,  owner. 

ROHM  &  HAAS  COMPANY 

Washington  Square 
Philadelphia  5,  Penna. 
trench  Offices:  92S  N.  Halsted  St.,  Chi- 
cage:  Fisher  Bldg.,  Detroit;  12227  Clif- 
ton Blvd.,  Lakcwood,  Ohio;  II  W.  42nd 
St..    New   York;    8990    Atlantic    Blvd., 
South  Gate,  Calif. 

Personnel:  Otto  Haas,  pres.;  D.  S.  Fred- 
erick, vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;  L.  W. 
Covert  &  E.  L.  Helwig,  vice-pres.;  S.  C. 
Kelton,  secy.;  D.  Merriwether,  treas.; 
D.  A.  Rothrock.  plastics  sales  mgr.; 
W.  S.  Johnson,  dir.  research;  C.  C. 


Campbell,  adv.  mgr.'  Edmund  Greene, 
plastics  adv.  mgr.;  P.  J.  Clarke,  pur. 
agent. 

ROLLING  &  ENGRAVING  MILLS 
2451  South  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago    16.   III. 

Personnel:  M.  Spertus,  pres.;  H.  Sper- 
tus,  vice-pres. 

ROME-TURNEY  RADIATOR  CO. 

Rome,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  W.  L.  Lynch,  pres. 

RONCI,  F.  COMPANY 

2  Atlantic  Boulevard 

Centredale   II.  R.I. 

Personnel:  F.  M.  Ronci,  owner,  gen.  4 

adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  L. 

Albiniano,   sales   mgr.   &    pur.   agent; 

Philip  Ronci,  chief  engr. 

ROOT,  B.  M.  COMPANY 

York.   Penna. 

Personnel:   Benj.  T    Root,  pres.;  M.  C. 

Diehl,  vice-pres.;  J.  Wm.   Stair,  secy., 

treas.  &  sales  mgr.;  J.  A.  Market,  pur. 

agent. 

ROOT.  JOHN  W. 

333  North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  I,  III. 

ROSENBERG  BROTHERS 
625  West  55th  Street 
New  York  19.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Leon  Rosenberg,  Samuel  Ro- 
senberg, Abraham  Rosenberg  &  Bern- 
ard Rosenberg,  partners. 

ROSS.  J.  O.  ENGR.  CORP. 

350  Madison  Avenue 
New  York   17.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  201  N.  Wells  St..  Chi. 
cago;  12953  Greeley  Ave.,  Detroit;  79 
Milk  St.,  Boston. 

Personnel:  S.  W.  Fletcher,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  F.  W.  Partsch,  Boston,  A.  E. 
Montgomery,  Chicago  &  H.  G.  Rap- 
polt,  New  York,  vice-pres.;  R.  W. 
Grott,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  J.  A.  Ron- 
der,  treas. 


ROTEX  PLASTICS  CO..  INC. 

437  Riverside  Avenue 

Newark  4.   NJ. 

Personnel:  Jakob  Hinchberger,   pres.; 

Fred  Mayer,  treas. 

ROTHCO  PRODUCTS 

145  North  Sixth  Street 
Philadelphia  6,  Penna. 
Personnel:  Theodore   Rothschild,  owner 
&  chief  engr.;  M.  Merzman.  secy.;  Wal- 
lace S.   Bell,  chief  chemist. 

ROYAL  MOULDING  COMPANY 
69  Gordon  Avenue 
Providence,  R.I. 

Personnel:  Harry  M.  Burt,  pres.;  Frank 
I.  Sparrow,  secy.;  Guy  H.  Burt,  gen. 
mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  M.  Theodore,  dir. 
plastics  research. 

ROYAL  TOOL  CO. 
198  Knowlton  Street 
Bridgeport  8,  Conn. 

ROYERSFORD  FOUNDRY  &  MA- 
CHINE CO..  INC. 
Main  Street 
Royersford,  Penna. 

Personnel:  J.  C.  Deisher,  pres..  sales 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  R.  F.  Chrisman, 
secy.;  F.  H.  Deisher,  treas.;  A.  J.  Hy- 
den,  gen.  mgr.;  J.  C.  Deisher  Jr., 
chief  engr. 

ROYLE,  JOHN   &  SONS 
10  Essex  Street 
Paterson  3.  NJ. 

Personnel:  Clifford  H.  Remsey,  pres.; 
Justin  H.  Ramsey,  vice-pres.:  Carol 
Meirose,  secy.;  Thomas  C.  Malcelm, 
treas.  &  pur.  agent;  Dudley  Jessop. 
sales  mgr.;  Bruno  Urbanski,  chief 
engr.;  Richard  L.  Cook,  adv.  mgr.; 
C.  J.  Vollmer.  supt. 

RUBEROID  CO.,  THE 

Vermont  Asbestos  Mines 
500  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York   18.  N.Y. 
Mine:  Eden.  Vt. 


Personnel:  Herbert  Abraham  pres.;  S. 
P.  Moffit.  E.  M.  Railton  1  S.  Wood- 
ward, vice-pres.;  K.  H.  Behr,  secy.; 
G.  F.  Behrs,  trees.;  H.  A.  King,  sales 
mgr.;  George  Sitter,  chief  engr.;  H.  E. 
Lloyd,  chief  chemist;  C.  J.  Dunham, 
adv.  mgr.;  K.  R.  MecDonald,  dir.  pur.; 
C.  T.  Limerick,  plant  supt. 

RUDOLPH  NOVELTY  CO. 

152  Wellington  Street,  West 
Toronto,  Onterio,  Can. 
Personnel:   Rudolph  Peukert,  owner. 

RUMMEL  FIBRE  COMPANY 

85  Columbia  Street 

Newark.  NJ. 

Personnel:  H.  A.  Rummel.  owner;  Fred 

G.  Rehner,  gen.  mgr. 

RUSSELL,  EUGENE 
3341  West  Warner 
Chicago  18.  III. 

RUSSELL  PRODUCTS  CO. 

Harrison    Bldg. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RUSSELL  SPECIALTY  MFG.  CO. 
2358  West  Ogden  Avenue 
Chicago  8,  III. 

Personnel:  V.  Timitheh,  pres.;  E.  L. 
Coi,  secy.  1  gen.  mgr. 

RYERTEX  DIVISION 
Jos.  T.  Ryerson  &  Son,  Inc. 
2558  West   16th  Street 
Chicago  8,  III. 

trench  Offices:  203  Westside  Ave..  Jer- 
sey City;  816  W.  5th  St..  Los  Angeles. 
Personnel:  E.  D.  Graff,  pres.;  K.  T.  Mac- 
Gill,   pen.   mgr.,    pur.   agent   ft   mgr. 
Elastics    d!v.;    F.    Vogt,    chief    engr.; 
eonard  Meiser.  dir.  plastics  research; 
Keith  Evens,  adv.  mgr. 

"S"  CORRUGATED  QUENCHED 
GAP  CO. 

Scientific  Electric  Division 
1 1 1  Monroe  Street 
Garfield,  New  Jersey 


PLASTIC    COATINGS 


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A  Coating  for  Cellulose  Acetate  Molded  Plastics  Available  in  Clear  and  Colors 

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Custom  Built  Lacquers  for  Aceto-Butyrate  Molded  Plastics  Available  in 

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THESE  COATINGS: 

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SPEED-  O-LAQ     PRODUCTS     COMPANY 

INDUSTRIAL     DIVISION 
SAINT  PAUL  4.  MINNESOTA 


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ADJUSTABLE  FLY  CUTTER 

Two  models  cut  quick,  clean,  accurate  holes  within  a 
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has  appearance  of  letter  "W"  with  each  blade  taking 
out  its  own  side.  Unique  angles  at  which  blades  are 
held  and  new  grinding  technique  on  high-speed  steel 
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The    GEMLOID    CORP 

79-10    ALBION    AVENUE 
ELMHURST,    L.  I.,    N.Y. 


SAFETY    GRINDING    WHEEL    & 
MACHINE  COMPANY 

Columbus  Avenue 
Springfield,  Ohio 

Sales  Offices:  Birmingham.  Ala.;  Chi- 
capo;  Cleveland;  Detroit;  Erie  Pa.- 
Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh;  Milwaukee;  St. 
Louis;  Syracuse,  N.Y.;  Toledo. 

Personnel:  H.  R.  Simonds,  pres.;  C.  B. 

Tilton,   vice-pres.   &   gen.   mgr.-    F  R 

Henry,  secy.;  G.  E.  Vance,  treas.;  J.  R. 
Moorehead.  pur.  agent. 

ST.  LOUIS  PLASTIC  MOULDING 
4605    Olive   Street 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Personnel:  G.  A.  Goessling  &  V.  J. 
Goessling,  partners;  A.  H.  Feuerbacher 
Jr.,  gen.  mgr. 

SAKIER.  GEORGE 
9  East  57th  Street 
New  York  22,  N.Y. 

SALVIA,  JOHN  A. 
55  Jay  Street 
Rochester.  N.Y. 

SANDEE  MFG.  CO. 

3945  North  Western  Avenue 

Chicago.   III. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Buffalo,  N.Y.; 
Cleveland;  Dallas;  Grand  Rapids;  In- 
dianapolis: Minneapolis;  New  York- 
Philadelphia;  Portland.  Ore.;  Rochester, 
N.Y.;  St.  Louis;  San  Francisco;  Seattle; 
Stratford,  Conn.;  Syracuse;  Vancouver. 
Personnel:  Elmer  Szantay,  owner  &  gen. 
mgr.;  L,  J.  Swift  prod,  mgr.;  W.  S. 
Prendergast,  chief  engr.;  Julius  Nagy, 
chief  chemist;  C.  Verne  Dewey.  dir. 
public  relations;  M.  Kay,  pur.  agent. 

SANDERS,  MORRIS 
219  East  49th  Street 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Morris  Sanders,  owner;  Dean 
Axline,  associate. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  PLASTICS  CO 

429   Russ  Building 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Personnel:  T.  V.   Matianni,  owner. 

SANTAY  CORPORATION 

351-359  North  Crawford  Avenue 
Chicago  24,  III. 

Representatives:  Potter  &  Dugan,  Inc. 
29  Wilkeson  St..  Buffalo,  NY;  Paul 
Seiler.  7779  Cortland  Ave..  Detroit; 
Queisser  Bros.,  108  East  Ninth  St.,  In- 
dianapolis. 

Personnel:  Daniel  Szantay,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  John  H.  Deer,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;  Earl  H.  Keown,  secy  &  prod, 
mgr.;  Elmer  Szantay,  treas.;  William 
Drake,  chief  engr.;  George  Karlis,  pur. 
agent. 

SARCO  COMPANY.  INC. 

475  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  17.  N.Y. 
Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 
Plant:   Bethlehem,   Pa. 
Personnel:  Clement  Wells,  pres.;  T.  N. 
Adlam,  chief  engr.;  G.  A.   Binz,  adv. 
gr. 

SAVAGE.  JAS.  H.  ASSOC. 

43    Commonweath    Boulevard 
Sellerose,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 
'ersonnel:   James    H.    Savage,    owner; 

Harold   A.   Sward   &  J.   H.   Nicholson. 

associates. 

SAV-WAY  INDUSTRIES 

875  Eight-Mile  Road 
Detroit,  Mich. 

vlail  Address:  P.O.  Box  117,  Harper 
Sta..  Detroit. 

Personnel:  Tom  Saffady,  partner  &  gen. 
-ngr.;  Wm.  Saffady,  partner;  Anne  Pe- 
ers, secy.;  Ted  Nagle,  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  R.  N.  Sabee,  chief  engr.;  War- 
en  Gross,  dir.  research;  B.  E.  Mc- 
Carthy, dir.  public  relations;  Joe  Bra- 
il, pur.  agent;  Al  Lynas,  prod,  mgr.; 
..  C.  St.  Louis,  mach.  prod,  control 
mgr. 

iAXL  INSTRUMENT  COMPANY 

8-40  James  Street 

iast   Providence    14.    R.I. 

ersonnel:  Erwin  J.  Saxl.  pres.;  Therese 

A.   Dault.  secy. 


SCHAUER  MACHINE  CO. 

2060   Reading    Road 
Cincinnati  2,   Ohio 
Personnel:  A.  J.  Kohn,  partner  &  gen. 
mgr.;    G.     L.     Nord,     partner    &    chief 
engr.;  J.  K.  Wilson,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
R.  C.  Wheelbarger,    pur.   agent. 

SCHEPP.  WM.  J.  CO.,  INC. 

21-23  Summit  Avenue 
East  Paterson,  N.J. 
Personnel:  Wm.  J.  Schepp.  pres. 

SCHER  BROTHERS 

222  Railroad  Avenue 
Paterson,  N.J. 

Branch  Office:  Industrial  Trust  Co. 
Bldg..  Providence. 

Personnel:  Edward  Scher,  Martin  Scher 
&  Robert  Scher,  partners;  Max  W. 
Fischer,  chief  chemist. 

SCHEUER   MFG.  CO. 

307  West  38th  Street 

New  York   18,  N.Y. 

Personnel:     Clemens     Scheuer,     owner; 

Helen   E.  Scheuer,  secy.;  Irving   Schei- 

ber,   gen.,   sales   &   adv.   mgr.   &    pur. 

agent. 

SCHILLO  MFG.  CO. 
1000  North   Lorel  Avenue 
Chicago,  III. 

Branch   Office:   652   N.   Parkside  Ave., 

Chicago. 

Personnel:  John  A.  Schillo,  owner,  chief 
engr.  &  pur.  agent;  N.  Lowell  White, 
sales  mgr. 

SCHODER  &  LOMBARD  STAMP 
&  DIE  CO. 

132-138  Lafayette  Street 

New  York   13.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Rex  F.  Schoder    pres.;  Frank 

Kistenberger.  vice-pres.;   I.  A.   Behnke, 

secy.  &  treas. 

SCHWAB  &  FRANK.  INC. 

239  West  Congress  Street 
Detroit  26,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Jack  Frank,  partner. 

SCHWADRON,  ERNST 

754  Madison  Avenue 
New  York,  N.Y. 

SCHWANDA.  B.  &  SONS 

79  Madison  Avenue 

New  York   16.  N.Y. 

Branch    Offices:    Denton.     Md.;    Long 

Island  City.   N.Y.;  Staffordville.  Conn. 

Personnel:  Henry  T.  Schwanda,  sr.  part- 
ner; Joseph  Richter,  chief  engr.;  Henry 
Meier,  chief  chemist;  F.  Kroupa,  adv. 
mgr. 

SCHWARTZ  CHEMICAL  CO. 

326-328  West  70th  Street 
New  York  23.  N.Y. 
Subsidiary:  American  Analytical  Labo- 
ratories, Inc. 
Personnel:  A.  A.  Schwartz,  owner. 

SCOGLAND,  C.  A. 

215  West  Navarre  Street 
South  Bend  8,  Ind. 

SCOn,  GEO.  S.  MFG.  CO..  THE 

Corlton  Street 

Wallingford,    Conn. 

Personnel:    George     S.     Scott,     pres.; 

Leona  C.  Scott,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.; 

Lambert   J.    Degnan,   secy.;    Mary   W. 

Scott,   treas. 

SCOn,  HENRY  L  CO. 

Providence   I,  R.I. 

Personnel:  D.  C.  Scott,  pres.  &  treas.; 

F.   A.   Valentine,  vice-pres. 

SCOVILL  MFG.  COMPANY 
P.  O.  Box   1820 
Waterbury  91,  Conn. 

SCREEN  PROCESS  COMPANY 

36  South  Pennsylvania  Street 
Indianapolis  4,  Ind. 
Personnel:  M.  J.  Dowling,  partner,  gen. 
&  adv.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent;  G.  M.  Mus- 
grave.   partner. 

SCRIPTO  MFG.  COMPANY 
423  Houston  Street,  Northeast 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

Personnel:  E.  J.  Stern,  pres.;  C.  A.  Lit- 
tle, treas.;  J.  Sherman  Smith,  chief 
engr.;  C.  H.  Honer,  chief  chemist. 


316 


PLASTICS 


MARPH 


SCULLY-JONES  ft  COMPANY 

1901   South   RocVwell  Street 

Chicago  8,  III. 

Agents  end  Dealers:  All   principal  cit- 

Personnel:  J.  A.  Scully,  pres.;  H.  D. 
Long,  vice-pres.;  C.  E.  Scully,  secy.  & 
treat.;  Wm.  L.  Voss,  sales  mgr.;  B,  B. 
Better,  chief  engr.;  P.  M.  Mitchell, 
adv.  mgr.;  Geo.  rtacek,  pur.  agent. 

SEAMLEX  CO..  INC. 

27-27  Jaclson  Avenue 

Long  Island  City.  N.Y. 

Personnel:    F.    F.    Jacobson,    pres.    ft 

chiel    engr.;    A.    E.    Loeb,    vice-pres. ; 

A.  M.  Glair,  sales  mgr.;  J.  L  Powers, 

pur.  agent. 

SEEBERGER.  FRED  B. 
44  North  Fourth  Street 
Philadelphia,  Penna. 

SEELY  INSTRUMENT  CO.,  INC. 
2249   14th  Street  Southwest 
Akron,    Ohio 

Personnel:  Gordon  C.  Butler,  vice- 
pres.;  John  0.  Rumsey,  secy.;  Mary  T. 
Patterson,  treas.;  Robert  E.  Ingram, 
chief  engr. 

SEIBERT  VARNISH  COMPANY 

6455  Strong  Avenue 

Detroit   II.   Mich. 

Personnel:   A.  J.   Seibert,   pres.;  C.    R. 

Weed,  vice-pres.*  G.  M.  Seiberg,  secy. 

ft   treas. 

SELECTRONIC  DISPERSIONS 
98  Greenwood  Avenue 
Montclair,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Raymond  M.  Tierney,  pres.; 
Henry  Jenett,  vice-pres.  ft  gen.  mgr. 

SELLSTROM  MFG.  CO. 
615  North  Aberdeen  Street 
Chicago  22,   III. 

Personnel:  G.  E.  Sellstrom,  pres.,  gen. 
mgr.  ft  dir.  public  relations;  G.  E. 
Wenstrom,  secy,  ft  treas.;  C.  E.  Dennis. 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  M.  N.  Anderson, 
chief  engr.  ft  dir.  plastics  research; 
R.  L.  Calm,  pur.  agent. 

SEVERANCE  TOOL  INDUSTRIES 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

SEWELL  MFG.  CO. 
18326  Van  Dyke 
Detroit  12,  Mich. 

Personnel:  W.  M.  Sewell,  pres.  &  chief 
engr.;  Carl  Johnson,  chief  chemist. 

SHAEFFER.    NORBERT 
6636  Hollywood  Boulevard 
Hollywood  28.  Calif. 

SHAKEPROOF.  INC. 
2501  North  Keeler  Avenue 
Chicago  39,   III. 

Branch  Offices:  2895  E.  Grand  Blvd.. 
Detroit  2;  5470  Wilshire  Blvd.,  Los 
Angeles  36. 

Personnel:  Harold  Byron  Smith,  pres.  & 
trees.;  Frank  W.  England,  e«ec.  vice- 
pres.;  Calmer  L.  Johnson,  vice-pres.  & 
secy.:  Eugene  W  ' 
Walter  Hannema 
mon  M.  Wall.  a_. 
Smith,  pur.  agent. 

SHALLCROSS  MFG.  COMPANY 
P.O.  Bo«  325 

Jackson  and  Pusey  Avenues 
Collingdale,  Penna. 
Personnel:  D.  H.  Shallcross.  gen.  mgr.: 
John  S.  Shallcross.  sales  mgr.:  F.  D.  V. 
Mitchell,    chief   engr.;    Harry    Bridge. 
Real   Estate  Trust   Bldg..   Philadelphia, 
adv.;  Earl  H.  Miller,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions &  pur.  agent. 

SHARPLES  CHEMICALS.  INC. 
123  South   Broad  Street 
Philadelphia  9.  Pa. 
Sales  Offices:  80  E.  Jackson  Blvd..  Chi- 
cago;  SSI   Fifth  Ave..   New  York;   1826 
Herbert  Ave.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Plant  I   Research  Laboratories:  Wyan. 
dotte.  Mich. 

Representatives:  Martin,  Hoyt  and 
Milne.  Inc..  Lot  Angeles;  Portland. 
Ore.;  San  Francisco  ft  Seattle;  Shaw- 
inigan  Chemicals  Ltd.,  Montreal. 
Personnel:  P.  T.  Sharpies,  prei.:  N.  J. 
Hooper,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  M. 

\l  \i-i    ii      11,1 


secy.:  Eugene  W.  Fuller,  sales  mar.; 
"'alter  Hanneman.  chief  engr.;  Ray- 
mon  M.  Wall.  adv.  mgr.;  Wilbur  R. 


J.  Hiler,  mgr.  Chicago;  B.  N.  Thomp 
son,  mgr.  New  York;  H.  I.  Cramer,  dir. 
research  ft  development. 

SHARPLES  CORPORATION.  THE 

23rd   &  Westmoreland   Streets 
Philadelphia  40,   Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  109  High  St.,  Boston 
10;  80  E.  Jackson  Blvd..  Chicago;  4SJ 
Hippodrome  Annex,  Cleveland  IS' 
83  Ii  Woodward  Ave..  Detroit  2;  SOI 
Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  17;  684  Howard 
St.,  San  Francisco  5. 

Personnel:  Philip  T.  Sharpies,  pret.;  L. 
P.  Sharpies,  vice-pros.:  G.  J.  Keady. 
vice-pres.;  H.  H.  LaMent,  vice-pres.: 
Walter  E.  Coi.  secy.  &  treas.;  David 
K.  Colesberry,  sales  mgr.;  Arthur  U. 
Ayres,  chief  engr.;  Sydney  B.  Carra 
gan,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  E.  Printi,  pur. 
agent. 

SHAWINIGAN  PROD.  CORP. 
350  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York   I,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Louis  F.  Loutrel,  pres.;  G.  H. 
Murphy,  treas.  &  pur.  agent;  Walter  P. 
Chur,  sales  mgr.;  George  p.  Morrison, 
dir.  plastics  research  &  chief  chemist; 
C.  M.  Schwab,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public 
relations. 

SHAW  INSULATOR  CO. 

160  Colt  Avenue 
Irvington,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Frank  H.  Shaw,  pres.;  W.  E. 
Feeley,  secy.;  T.  L  Champeau,  treas.; 
A.  J.  Palme,  chief  engr.-  M.  J.  Feeley, 
pur.  agent;  J.  H.  DuBois,  exec.  engr. 

SHEAFFER,  W.  A.  PEN  CO. 
311  Avenue  H 
Fort  Madison,   Iowa 
Branch   Offices:    Republic    Bldg.,   Chi- 
cago; 16  E.  34th  St.,  New  York;  Monad- 
nock  Bldg.,  San  Francisco:  169-173  Fleet 
St.,  Toronto. 

Personnel:  C.  R.  Sheaffer,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  E.  Waldron  &  G.  A.  Beck, 
vice-pres.;  L.  J.  Frantz,  asst.  secy.; 
James  Low,  trees.;  George  C.  Holt, 
sales  mgr.;  Max  Oehter.  chief  engr.; 
R.  S.  Casey,  dir.  plastics  research;  Dr. 
C.  E.  Bailey,  chief  chemist;  Grant  F. 
Olson,  adv.  mgr.;  F.  L.  McClurg,  dir. 
public  relations;  F.  M.  McCowan,  pur. 
agent. 

SHELL  DEVELOPMENT  CO. 

Emeryville   8,    Calit. 

Personnel:  T.  W.  Evans  &  K.  R.  Edlund. 
assoc.  dir.  research. 

SHELLER  MFG.  CORP. 

South   Bridge  Street 
Portland.  Ind. 

Branch  Office:  E.  J.  Cosgrave,  General 
Motors  Bldg.,  Detroit. 
Personnel:  M.  M.  Burgess,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  A.  McKeown.  secy.;  E.  F.  Cart- 
wright,  treas.;  G.  A.  McFarland,  fac- 
tory mgr.  &  chief  engr.;  E.  J.  Cos- 
grave,  sales  mgr.;  K.  G.  Peterson,  chief 
chemist  &  dir.  plastics  research;  E.  J. 
Minch,  pur.  agent. 

SHELLMAR  PRODUCTS  CO. 
Mt.  Vernon.  Ohio 

SHEPHERD.  J.  H.  SON  &  CO. 

1820  East  Avenue 

Elyria,  Ohio 

Personnel:   Wm.   T.    Kahliff,    Irving    L. 

Shepherd  ft  R.  K.  Shepherd,  partners 

SHERRON  METALLIC  CORP. 
1201  Flushing  Avenue 
Brooklyn  6.   N.Y. 

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS  CO..  INC. 
Pigment,   Chem.   &  Color  Div. 
101   Prospect  Avenue 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

SHIELD.  ROBERT  W. 
540   North  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  II.  III. 

SHOREHAM  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
48-17  69th  Street 
Woodside.  Long  Island.  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Charles   B.   Nimmich,   pres. 
&    gen.    mgr.:    Emma    Nimmich.   vice- 
pres.-    PVed    Nimmich     secy.:    Joseph 
Nimmich,  trees.;  T.   H.   Murphy,  (ales 
mgr. 


An  Ideal,  economical  and  Accurate 
Production  Tool  for  the 

PLASTIC  and 
JEWELRY  TRADES 


$200?? 

F.  O.  B.. 

N*w  York 

Prompt 

Shipment 


THE  NEW  fMPROVEO 

KNUCKLE-ACTION 
FOOT  PRESS 

A  Practical  Press,  Easy  to  Operate,  that  will 
Save  Time  and  Labor  in  Forming,  Blanking  and 
any  other  work  where  pressure  is  required. 

Constructed  to  do  the  work  of  a  Power  Press. 


Specifications  for  Knuckle-Action  Foot  Press 

SUe  ol  bed 1J"«1»" 

Sire  ol  opening  between  uprights 

Site  of  bole  In  pren  bead 

Maximum  itroke   

Maximum  ihul  height 

Minimum   ihul   helqhl 

Adiuitment   tcrew    

Weight    ol    pret* 


Sol*  Manu/acfurers 

CELOID   MFG.    CO..   INC. 

•93  Broadway,  New  York  12.  II.  Y-  TeL  GHara-Mcy  MMO 


••I    .«  V  T  I  f  S 


317 


MACHINERY 

FOR 

--        Plastics 

AND 

Rubber  Industry 

• 

HYDRAULIC-INJECTION 
EXTRUSION  PRESSES 

• 

HYDRAULIC  PUMPS- 
CALENDERS— VULCANIZERS— MILLS 
ACCUMULATORS 

UNIVERSAL  HYDRAULIC 
MACHINERY  CO. 

285  HUDSON  ST. 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


MAGNIFIERS 
MICROSCOPES 


A 

U 
S 
C 

H 


L 
O 
M 


IMMEDIATE    DELIVERY 

Your  inquiries  and  orders  for  microscopes,  mag- 
nifiers, refractomelers.  polarimeters.  protection 
equipment,  etc..  will  hare  prompt  attention. 

JARRELL-ASH  COMPANY 

165  Newbury  Street,  Boston  16,  Mass. 

(Write  for   Information   on   spectographs) 


SIEBERT.  RUDOLPH  R. 

183   St.   Paul  Street 

Rochester  4.   N.Y. 

Personnel:    Rudolph    R.   Siebert,    prop  • 

E.    F.   Siebert,   chief  engr.;    E.    R.    Ellis' 

supt. 

SIEVERING,   PHILIP.  INC. 

199  Lafayette  Street 

New  York,  N.Y. 

Personnel:    Philip    J.    Sievering,    ores.; 

Harry  W.  Sievering.  vice-pres.  &  treas.; 

Nelson  F.  Sievering,  secy. 

SILEX  COMPANY.  THE 

80  Pliny  Street 
Hartford,  Conn. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Chicago;  Den- 
ver; Los  Angeles;  New  York;  Portland, 
Ore.;  San  Francisco;  Seattle. 
Personnel:  Frank  E.  Wolcott  Jr.,  pres.; 
W.  K.  Becher,  vice-pres.  4  gen.  mgr.; 
Edward  I.  Garvin,  secy.;  A.  Winthrop, 
treas.;  J.  M.  Moore,  sales  mgr.;  L. 
Reichold,  chief  engr.;  S.  inegai,  pur. 
agent. 

SILLCOCKS-MILLER  CO.,  THE 

10  West  Parker  Avenue 
Maplewood,   NJ. 

Mail  Address:  South  Orange,  New  jer- 
sey. 

Personnel:  Richard  H.  Davis,  pres.  & 
treas.;  :>.  H.  rneaman,  vice-pres.,  pur. 
agent,  tales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Frederick  W. 
Ilirt,  secy.;  Henry  F.  Oolvin,  chief  engr. 

SILVERLOIU  COMPANY.  THE 

<!Bj  Ihurbers  Avenue 

rrovidence  5,  R.I. 

Personnel:  Carlo  Del  Bene.  owner. 

SIMON,  LEWIS  B. 
/V-UD  1 67th  Street 
Flushing,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 

SIMONDS,  HERBERT  R. 

551    Filth   Avenue 

New  York  17.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.  V.  Sherman;  C.  S.  Wan; 

Herbert  R.  Simonds,  owner. 

SIMONDS,  J.  EARL 

122  West  42nd  Street 
New  York    17.   N.Y. 

SIMONDS  SAW  &  STEEL  CO. 
470  Main  Street 
Fitchburg,  Mass. 

•ranch  Offices:  1350  Columbia  Rd.. 
Boston;  127  S.  Green  St..  Chicago;  416 
W.  Eighth  St.,  Los  Angeles;  II  Park 
PI.,  New  York;  311  S.W.  First  Ave., 
Portland,  Ore.;  228  First  St..  San  Fran- 
cisco; 31  W.  Trent  Ave.,  Spokane. 
Personnel:  Daniel  Simonds.  pres.;  Eric 
A.  Todd,  Ralph  K.  Lawrence,  Henry  A. 
Sargent  &  Ray  H.  White,  vice-pres.; 
George  L.  Parmenter,  secy.;  Harlan  K. 
Simonds,  treas.;  Giftord  K.  Simonds 
Jr.,  gen.  mgr.;  Clyde  N.  Mansur,  sales 
mgr.;  R.  C.  Hill,  chief  engr.;  Verne  C. 
Parker,  adv.  mgr.;  A.  I.  Field,  pur. 
agent. 

SKILSAW.  INC. 

5033   Elston  Avenue 
Chicago  30,   III. 

Branch  Offices:  29  North  Ave.  N.W., 
Atlanta;  52  Brookline  Ave..  Boston;  182 
Main  St.,  Buffalo.  N.Y.;  1873  Prospect 
Ave.,  Cleveland;  4420  Main  St.,  Dallas; 
4615  Woodward  Ave.,  Detroit;  1620  N. 
Ilinois  St.,  Indianapolis;  Catherine  & 
-orsythe,  Jacksonville;  1535  Grand  Ave., 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;  2645  Santa  Fe  Ave., 
Los  Angeles;  919  Union  St.,  New  Or- 
leans; 36  E.  22nd  St..  New  York:  2065 
Webster  St.,  Oakland.  Calif.;  15  S.  21st 
St.,  Philadelphia;  Bessemer  Bldg.,  Pitts- 
burgh; 724  W.  Burnside,  Portland,  Ore.; 
373?  Olive  St.,  St.  Louis;  1115  E.  Pike 
'  St.,  Seattle. 

Personnel:  Bolton  Sullivan,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  W.  Thompson,  asst.  to  pres.; 
E.  J.  Kejley,  vice-pres.  in  charge  engr.; 
E.  W.  Risfau,  vice-pres.  in  charge  adv. 
&  distribution;  J.  L.  McManus,  secy.; 
E.  B.  McConville.  treat.;  M.  F.  Huseby, 
sales  mgr.;  Frank  Koenig,  chief  engr.; 
Delmar  Dewolf,  adv.  mgr.;  Wm.  Rup- 
pert,  pur.  agent;  A.  A.  Garvey,  tupt.; 
W.  A.  Mihelich,  export  mgr.;  J.  J. 
Topolinski,  works  mgr. 

SKYLINE  INDUSTRIES 

The    Plateau 

Meadville,   Penna. 

Personnel:  Noel  J.  Poux,  owner  &  dir. 


plastics  research;  Richard  N.  Poux 
vice-pret.;  James  Irwin,  treas.  &  gen! 
mgr. 

SLATER,  N.  S.  CORP. 

3  W.  29  St..  New  York,  N.Y. 

SMALL  MOTORS,  INC. 

I  322  No.  Elston  Avenue 
Chicago  22.  III. 
Personnel:  R.  R.  Cook,  pret.  &  sales 
mgr.;  A.  C.  Johnson,  gen.  mgr.;  J.  A 
Snow,  chief  engr.;  C.  Franklin  Brown. 
adv.  mgr.;  E.  A.  Hamer.  pur.  agent; 
H.  M.  Fligg,  comptroller. 

SMITH,  H.  B.  MACHINE  CO. 

Smithville,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Erie  J.  Smith,  pres.;  A. 
Holmes  Howe,  vice-pres.;  G.  T.  John- 
son, chief  engr. 

SMITH-EMERY  COMPANY 

920  Santee  Street 
Los  Angeles  15,  Calif. 

SMITH  &  MILLS  CO..  THE 

2889  Spring  Grove  Avenue 
Cincinnati  25,  Ohio 
Personnel:  C.  G.   Brockman.   pret.;  D. 
E.   Mills,  vice-pres.;   R.   E.   Mills,  secy. 
&    tales    mgr.;    H.    E.    Laubach,    chief 
engr.;  Bettie  M.  Schneider,  pur.  agent. 

SMITH  &  STONE  LIMITED 

Georgetown,  Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:  W.  E.  Phillips,  pres.;  J.  W. 
Morris,  vice-pres.  &  sates  mgr.;  K.  H. 
Braithwaite  &  L.  C.  Powell,  vice-pres.; 
L  W.  Currell.  secy.;  G.  G.  Wanless, 
treat.;  T.  Wold,  chief  engr.;  W.  B. 
Ford,  pur.  agent. 

SMOOT-HOLMAN  CO. 
321   North  Eucalyptus  Street 
Inglewood,  Calif. 

Personnel:  C.  E.  Smoot,  pres.;  George 
Holman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  Carl 
Feldt,  secy.  &  pur.  agent;  Leonard 
Hobbs,  tales  &  adv.  mgr.;  I.  J.  Otis, 
dir.  plastics  research. 

SNELL,  FOSTER  D..  INC. 

305  Washington  Street 

Brooklyn  I,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Foster  Dee  Snell,  pres. 

SNOW-CRASSS  CORP. 

221    East  26th  Street 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  W.  H.  Snow.   pres. 

SOBENITE,  INC. 

320   King   Street 

South  Bend,  Ind. 

Personnel:  Alex  Dick,  pres.;  D.  H.  San- 

ders   secy.;   N.   Bowsher,  treas.;   P.   H. 

Sanders,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr. 

SOLAR  PLASTIC  PROD.  CO. 

1635  East  16th  Street 

Brooklyn,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  A.   R.  Grossman,   pres. 

SOLVAY  SALES  CORP. 
40   Rector  Street 
New  York  6,  N.Y. 

Salet  Offices:  Boston;  Charlotte,  N.C.; 
Chicago;  Cincinnati;  Cleveland;  De- 
troit; New  Orleans;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh; St.  Louis;  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

SOMERVILLE  LIMITED 

618   Dundas  Street 

P.O.  Box  96 

London,  Ontario,  Can. 

Branch     Offices:     Montreal;     Toronto; 

Windsor. 

Personnel:  George  M.  Hobarf,  pres.  & 

en.  mgr.;  C.  L.  Guest,  secy.  &  treas.; 

.  A.  Irwin,  sales  mgr.;  Arthur  E. 
Brown,  chief  engr.;  W.  F.  Barrington, 
dir.  plastics  research;  Robert  W.  Wil- 
mot,  chief  chemist;  J.  Rae  Perigoe. 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  relations;  R.  P. 
Hunt,  pur.  agent. 

SOSSNER  STEEL  STAMPS 

161  Grand  Street,  New  York,  N.Y. 
Personnel:  A.  J.  Sossner,  pres.;  Theo- 
dore T.  Sossner,  vice-pres.;  M.  Newell, 
secy. 

SOUTH  BEND  LATHE  WORKS 
425  East  Madison  Street 
South  Bend  22,   Ind. 


g 
R. 


•M    A    !>/  -II       1  II   I  - 


SOUTH  BEND  MODERN  MOLD- 
ING CO. 

1720  Mishawaka  Avenue 
South  Bend  22,  Ind. 

SOUTHERN  CALIF.  PLASTIC  CO. 
2773  West  Broadway  Boulevard 
Eagle  Rock,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Stanley  J.  Gray,  pres.:  Har- 
old  F.   Moffatt,  vice-pres.;   Edward   L. 
Kennedy,  secy.  i  treas. 

SOUTHERN  PLASTICS  CO. 
906-08  Main  Street 
Columbia   10,  S.C. 
Personnel:  J..  W.   Lindeu   III,   partner, 
gen.  mgr..  d!r.  plastics  research  &  pur. 
•gent;  Irwin  Kann,  partner,  sales  mgr. 
•  dir.  public  relations:  Elmer  Sizemore. 
chief  engr.;  Louise  Belle,  adv.  mgr. 

SOUTHERN  WAXED  PAPER  CO. 

Atlanta.  Sa. 

SOWA  CHEMICAL  CO. 

305  East  46th  Street 

New  Yorl,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  F.  J.  Sowa,  owner. 

SPARTAN  INDUSTRIAL  CORP. 

51  Chambers  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:    M.    Lloyd    Platzker,     pres.; 
David   Friedman,  secy.  &  treas. 

SPAULDINS  FIBRE  CO..  INC. 
310  Wheeler  Street 
Tonawanda,    N.Y. 

•ranch  Offices:  Boston;  Bridgeport, 
Conn.;  Camden,  NJ.;  Chicago;  Cleve- 
land; Dayton;  Detroit;  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.;  Los  Angeles;  Milwaukee;  New 
York;  Newark;  Philadelphia;  St.  Louis; 
San  Francisco;  Toronto. 
Personnel:  Charles  C.  Steck,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  E.  C.  Blackwell  &  H.  W. 
Grieser,  vtce-pres.;  C.  M.  Pike,  secy.; 
S.  E.  Clow,  trees.;  E.  A.  Russell,  chief 
engr.;  F.  S.  Graien,  chief  chemist;  R. 
(.  Green,  adv.  mgr.;  A.  P.  Hardleben, 
pur.  agent. 


SPECIAL  CHEMICALS  CO. 
30  Irving  Place 
New  York  3.  N.Y. 
Personnel:   R.   H.   Lee,  gen.   mgr. 

SPECIAL  TOOL  &  MACH.  CO. 
23  Power  House  Street 
South  Boston  27.  Mass. 
Personnel:  Carl  J.  Wennberg,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr. 

SPECIALTY   INSULATION    MFG. 

I  Center  Street 
Hoosick   Falls.   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  16  Lewis  Drive,  Maple- 
wood,    N.J.;    100  Gold   St.,    New  York; 
P.O.  Box  III,  Stratford,  Conn. 
Personnel:  Douglas  C.  Bateholtt,  pres. 

SPECIALTY  PAPERS  CO. 

Dayton,    Ohio 

SPEED-O-LAO  PRODUCTS  CO. 

2386  Wycliff  Street 

St.  Paul.  Minn. 

Personnel:  Milton  Neuman,  owner;  Wm. 

M.   Martin,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;   Elmer 

Stark,    dir.    plastics    research    &    pur. 

agent. 

SPENCE  RIGOLO 

677  Fifth  Avenue 

New  York  22.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Edmond  J.  Spence,  partner. 

SPENCER  &  MORRIS 

5649  Alhambra  Avenue 

Los  Angeles  32,   Calif. 

Personnel:   Earl   B.  Spencer   &   George 

6.    Morris,    partners. 

SPIEGEL  SALES  CO. 

405  Boulevard  Building 

Detroit  2.  Mich. 

Personnel:    S.    N.    Lawson,    partner    & 

treas.;  H.  W.  Spiegel,  partner  &  chief 

engr. 

SPIR-IT 

140  Ferry  Street 

Maiden,  Mass. 

Personnel:  J.  J.  Sindler,  owner. 


•  $ 


SPRAY   ENGINEERING  CO. 
114   Central   Street 
Somerville,  Mass. 

Personnel:  Wayne  8.  Thompson,  pret. 
&  trees.;  F.  G.  Dennison,  vice-pres.  ft 
chief  engr.:  D.  G.  Day,  vice-pres.,  salei 
mgr.  &  adv.  mgr.;  Robert  P.  Outer- 
bridge,  secy.;  A.  L.  Maclachlan,  pur. 
agent. 

SPRINGFIELD  PLYWOOD  CORP. 

Springfield,  Ore. 

SPROUT.  WALDRON  &  CO. 

Muncy,  Penna. 

Branch    Office:    SO    Church    St.,    New 

York. 

Personnel:   H.   M.  Soars,   pres.  4  gen. 

mgr.;  J.  A.   Berndt,   vice-pres.;   A.   B. 

Metzger,  secy,  &  pur.  agent;  Clarence 

Stout,    treas.;    J.    H.    Waldron.    sales 

mgr.;  J.  C.  Hagerman.  chief  engr. 

SQUARE  'D'  CO. 

Plastics  Division 
6060  Rivard  Street 
Peru.  Ind. 

Personnel:  H.  S.  Truman,  sales  mgr.  & 
dir.  plastics  research;  G.  G.  Kent,  fac- 
tory mgr.;  John  Dietrich,  engr. 

STACK  PLASTICS  CO. 

5835  West  Washington  Blvd. 
Culver  City,  Calif. 
Personnel:  J.  L.  Stack  Jr.,  owner,  gen. 
&' sales  mgr.  &  process  engr.;  Geo.  Par- 
ker, chief  engr.  tooling;  Bernard  Hen- 
drickson,  dir.  plastics  research  &  chief 
chemist;  S.  Andrews,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir. 
public    relations;    Rexford    Call.    pur. 
agent. 

STANDARD  COATED  PRODUCTS 
Division    Interchemical    Corp. 
350  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York  I.  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:  Mdse.  Mart.  Chicago. 
Personnel:     H.    J.     Hemingway,     div. 
pres.;    E.    L.    Van    Houten,    div.   vice- 
pres.;  J.  S.  Merritt,  plant  mgr.;  J.  A. 
Bessler,   sales    mgr.;    Willis   Ie   Clair 
chief  engr.;  A.  M.  Heinzelmann,  chief 


chemist:  G.  Goldinq  pur.  agent;  A.  J. 
De  Marzo.  comptroller. 

STANDARD  CONVEYOR  CO. 

315  N.W.  Second  Street 
North  St.  Paul  9,  Minn. 
Sales  t   Engineering  Offices:  All  prin- 
cipal cities. 

Personnel:  H.  L.  Donahower,  pres.  » 
trees.;  C.  M.  Bend,  vio-pres.;  A.  M. 
Giefer,  secy.'  D.  A.  Chandler,  sales 
mgr.;  E.  E.  Boberg  gen.  sales  mgr.; 
C.  M.  Bodin,  chief  engr.;  I.  M.  Carl- 
son, edv.  mgr.;  H.  C.  Keeeh.  pur. 
agent;  P.  C.  wego,  plant  supt. 

STANDARD   ELECTRICAL  TOOL 
2523  River  Road 
Cincinnati   4,   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  311  Standard  Bldg.,  At- 
lanta, Ga.;  143  Federal  St..  Boston; 
323  Frankford  Ave..  N.W.,  Cleveland: 
2832  E.  Grand  Blvd..  Detroit;  1212  N. 
Ardmore,  Los  Angeles:  26  Perk  Ave.. 
New  York;  401  N.  Broad  St..  Philadel- 
phia; 806  Hillgrove  Ave.,  S.  Hills 
Branch.  Pittsburgh;  407  Security  Bldg.. 
St.  Louis;  320  Market  St..  San  Fran- 
cisco;  212  Great  Lakes  Terminal  Bldg. 
Toledo. 

Personnel:  W.  A.  Ferguson,  pres.  & 
treas.;  L.  A.  Hauck,  vice-pres.;  R.  A. 
Huhn,  secy.,  gen.  mgr.  &  sales  mgr.; 
J.  J.  Falls,  chief  engr.;  J.  J.  Klopp. 
pur.  agent. 

STANDARD  GAGE  CO..  INC. 
Poughkeepsie,   N.Y. 
Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:   Erik  Aldeborgh.   pres. 

STANDARD  INSULATION  CO. 

74  Paterson  Avenue 

East  Rutherford,  NJ. 

Personnel:   L.   G.   Lange,   pres.;    R.   L. 

Wiley,  vice-pros.;  I.  R.  Schiemer,  secy.; 

J.  W.  Waterbury,  trees.:  W.  H.  Voel- 

ker,  sales  mgr. 

STANDARD  MACH.  CO..  THE 

12  Water  Street 

Mystic,   Conn. 

Personnel:  Norton  C.  Wheler.  prat,  t 


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pur.  agent:  Oscar  R.  Cottrell,  secy.; 
John  R.  Wheeler,  asst.  treas. 

STANDARD  MOLDING  CORP. 

460  Bacon  St.,  Dayton   I,  Ohio 
Personnel:  R.  G.  Stigler,  pres.  &  treas.; 
0.    L.    Meeker,   vice-pres.;   Walter    F. 
Oelman,  secy.;  A.  Paul  Munchel,  chief 
engr. 

STANDARD  PROD.  CO.,  THE 

505  Blvd.  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Plastics  Division  Plant:  St.  Clair,  Mich. 
Personnel:  Dr.  J.  S.  Reid,  pres.;  F.  R. 
Valpey,  vice-pres.  &  gen,  mgr.;  D.  R. 
Stamy,  vice-pres.  in  charge  engr.;  L.  J, 
Sorensen,  treas.;  R.  G.  Oailey,  sales 
mgr.  plastics  div.;  R.  C.  Schaper,  pur. 
agent;  Alex  Kindsvater,  buyer  plastics 
div. 

STANDARD  TOOL  CO. 

75  Water  Street 

Leominster,   Mass. 

Personnel:    L.     B.     Kavanagh.     pres.    & 

treas.;  J.  A.   Kavanagh,  vice-ores.;  M. 

Gallagher,    secy.;    H.    A.     Kavanagh, 

qen.   mgr.;  V.   Motfils,   chief  engr.;    R. 

E.    Morrili,    chief   supvr. 

STANLEY   ELECTRIC   TOOLS 

New    Britain,    Conn. 
Branch  Offices:  Chicarto;  Lo<  Anqeles; 
New   York,    export   offices:    San    Fran- 
cisco; Seattle. 

Personnel:  L.  M.  Knouse.  gen.  mqr.; 
H.  W.  Blackman,  sales  mgr.:  C.  Pow- 
ers, chief  engr.;  G.  M.  Gletcher,  adv. 
mgr. 

STANTON  BROS. 

ISO  W.  Randolph  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Bailey  Stanton.  Norman 
Stanton,  S.  J.  Stanton  &  William  Stan- 
ton,  partners. 

STARS   &  STRIPES   PLASTICS 

54  East   llth   Street 

New  York  3,  New  York 

Personnel:   Egon   Loy  &   Fred   Schuller, 

partners. 

STAUFFER  CHEM.  CO.,  INC. 

420  Lexington  Ave.,  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Sales  Offices:  Houston;  Apoplta,   Fla.; 
San   Francisco:  Chicago:  Los  Angeles: 
Akron;  North  Portland.  Ore. 
Sales    Offices:    Alcron;    ApopVa,    Fla.- 
Chicago;  Houston;  Los  Angeles;  North 
Portland.  Ore.:  San  Francisco. 

STEINEN,  WM.  MFG.  CO. 

43  Bruen  Street,  Newark,  NJ. 
Personnel:  William  Steinen.    pres. 

STEINER  MFG.  CO. 

100   Metropolitan    Avenue 

Brooklyn   II,  N.Y. 

Personnel:   Malcolm    Steiner    owner   & 

dir.  plastics  research;  Natalie  Orange. 

secy.;   Francis   Bernstein,   gen.   mgr.    & 

dir.  public  relations;  Irwin  Reveri,  chief 

engr.;  Alice  Berger,  pur.  agent. 

STENGREN,  JON 

6140  Saunders  Street 

Forest  Hills,  Long  Island.  N.Y. 

STENSGAARD.  W.  L  S  ASSOC. 

346  North  Justine  Street 
Chicago,   III. 

Personnel:  Henry  P.  Glass,  chief,  archi- 
tectural design. 

STEREOTEX  MACHINERY  CO. 

322  Main  Street 

Stamford,  Conn. 

Personnel:    Charles    Fritschi,    prop.    & 

gen.   mgr. 

STERLING  INDUSTRIES 

5207  West  Irving  Park   Road 
Chicago  41,  III. 

Personnel:  H.  Wm.  Brandt,  gen.  mgr.; 
Jos.  Landauer,  supt. 

STERLING     INJECTION     MOLD- 
ING. INC. 

277  Military  Rd.,  Buffalo  7,  N.Y. 
Personnel:   Carl   G.   Marquardt,    pres.. 

?en.     &     sales     mgr.;     Clarendon     E. 
treeter,     vice-pres.;     Walter     Weed, 
secy.;  Gordon  W.   Reed,  treas. 

STERLING  PLASTICS  CO. 

1140  Commerce  Avenue 

Union,  NJ. 

Personnel:  George  J.  Staab,  pres. 


STERLING  TOOL  PROD.  CO. 
155  East  Ohio  Street 
Chicago  II.  III. 

Personnel:  S.  A.  Crosby,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  A.  Proven,  vice-pres.  &  gen. 
sales  mar.;  P.  Zasadny,  chief  engr.; 
R.  D.  Wyly,  adv.  mgr.;  W.  P.  Hughes, 
pur.  agent. 

STEVENS,  FREDERIC  B.,  INC. 

510  Third   Street 
Detroit  26,  Mich. 
Branch  Offices:  93  Stone   St..    Buffalo, 
N.Y.-  34  Chelby  St..  Indianapolis;   166- 
182  Brewery  St.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Personnel:  W.   J.   Cluff,   pres.   &   gen. 
mgr.;  J.  M.  Mayers,  vice-pres.;  L.  W. 
Montgomery,  secy.,  treas.  &  dir.  pub- 
lic relations;  G.  H.  Quinn,  sales  mgr.; 
Franklyn    Roberts,    adv.    mgr.:    A.    D. 
Hummel,   pur.   agent;    L    R.    Eastman, 
mgr.  composition  dept. 

STEWART  BOLLING  &  CO.  LTD. 

3190    East  65th   Street 
Cleveland    4.    Ohio 
Personnel:  Stewart  Boiling,  pres.;  W.  H. 
Boiling,  vice-pres.  &  trees. 

STIMSON  'AGA'  PLASTICS 
309   North  Justine  Street 
Chicago  7,  III. 

Personnel:  J.  C.  Stimson,  gen.  mgr.; 
R.  E.  Blanchard,  asst.  mgr. 

STO-CANT  ENGR.  CO. 

5965    Atlantic    Boulevard 
Maywood,   Calif. 

STOKES,  A.  COMPANY 

Hudson,  Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  S.  Stokes  &  A.  J.  Stoles, 

partners. 

STOKES,  F.  J.  MACHINE  CO. 

Olney  P.O. 

Philadelphia   20,   Penna. 

Personnel:  John   A.  Silver,  gen.   mgr.; 

Edward   S.   Waller,   sales   mgr.;   L.    R. 

Cook,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  M.  Geltzer,  pur. 

agent. 

STOKES,  JOSEPH  RUBBER  CO. 

Trenton  4,   N.J. 
Branch  Office:  Wclland,  Ont. 
Personnel:   W.   J.   B.   Stokes   II,   pres.; 
W.   E.   Harvey,  vice-pres.;   R.   H.  Tem- 
ple,   secy.    &   trees.;    A.    H.    Greywacz, 
plastics  sales  div.;  C.  C.  Davis,  chief 
engr.;    E.    R.    Laning,    dir.    plastics    re- 
search  &   chief   chemist;    R.   W.   Case 
Jr.,    adv.    mgr.;    M.    J.    Fogarty.    pur. 
agent. 

STONEY-MUELLER,  INC. 

Newark  and  Page  Avenues 
Lyndhurst,  N.J. 

Personnel:  William  Mueller,  pres.; 
Richard  W.  Stoney,  secy.;  Roger  E. 
Jones,  gen.  mgr. 

STOW   MANUFACTURING  CO. 

443  State  Street 
Binghamton,   N.Y. 
Branch  Offices:  608  S.  Hill  St.,  Los  An- 
qeles;  150  Broadway,   New  York;   Russ 
Bldg..  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  C.  F.  Hotchkiss  Jr.,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  J.   P.   Dickinson,  vice-pres. 
in  charge  sales;  G.  G.  Eisenbeis.^vice- 
pres.  in  charge  engr.;  J.  L.  Dickinson, 
vice-pres.  in  charge  prod.;  W.  E.  Craw, 
vice-pres.  &  comptroller;  H.  A.  Tripp. 
sales  mgr.;  Frank  J.  Walker,  adv.  mgr. 

STRAUS  &  STINGO.  INC. 
35   Great  Jones   Street 
New  York   12.   N.Y. 

STRESEN-REUTER,  FRED'K.  A. 

2113  Medill  Avenue 

Chicago.  III. 

Personnel:  F.  A.  Stresen-Reuter,   pres.; 

T.  J.  Adams   &  Chas.   J.   McWhorter, 

vice-pres.;  H.  J.  Jensen,  secy.  &  treas.; 

A.  P.  Stresen-Reuter,  sales  mgr. 

STRICKER  BRUNHUBER  CO. 

19  West  24th  Street 

New  York    10.   N.Y. 

Personnel:    Carl    Strieker    &    Emil    O. 

Brunhuber,   partners. 

STRINGFIELD.  R.  B. 

229  South  Normandie  Avenue 

Los   Angeles  4.   Calif. 


STROTHAM.  E.  P. 

310  South  Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago  4.   III. 
STRUTHERS  WELLS  CORP. 
Warren  Ponna. 

Branch  Office*:  Akron;  Boston;  Buffalo, 
N.Y.:  Chicago;  Cincinnati;  Cleveland; 
Detroit;  Houston;  New  York;  Pitts- 
burgh; St.  Louit;  San  Francisco;  Tulu. 
Personnel:  J.  T.  Dillon  Jr.,  prei.;  H.  W. 
Conerro,  vice  pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  A.  H. 
Engdahl.  secy.;  H.  H.  Crosby,  treas.; 
R.  J.  Read,  sales  mgr.;  L  H.  Johnson, 
chief  engr.;  L.  J.  Stuart,  pur.  agent. 

STURTEVANT,    B.   F.  CO. 
Hyde   Park 
Boston  36,   Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  Cresmont  &  Haddon 
Aves..  Camden,  N.  J.;  400  N.  Michigan 
Ave.,  Chicago;  1405  E.  Sixth  St.,  Cleve- 
land- 420  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York; 
Ml  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  E.  B.  Freeman,  pres.  1  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  C.  Thompson,  vice-pres.  & 
Mies  mgr.;  E.  B.  Williams,  G.  C.  Derry, 
H.  F.  Hagen  a  H.  R.  Sewell,  vice- 
pres.;  J.  H.  Melzard.  secy.;  B.  S.  Foss, 
treas. ;  M.  S.  Leonard,  chief  engr.;  E. 
W.  Andros,  adv.  mgr.;  H.  D.  Orrok, 
pur.  agent. 

STYLE  MOLDERS  CO. 

248   McKibbin   Street 

Brooklyn    6.    N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  Bradley  Beach,  N.  J. 

Personnel:  Milton  M.  Rosen,  George 
Kletz  8t  Alexander  Westerman,  gen. 
partners. 

SUCCESS   PLASTICS   RECOVERY 

WORKS 

1030  South  White  River  Plcwy. 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Personnel:  I.  C.  Strohm,  pres.;  S.  L. 
Langenberg,  secy.;  L.  R.  Sereinsky, 
gen.  mgr. 

SUMMIT  ROBERTS  TOOL  CO. 

1301    Summit  Street 

Toledo  4,  Ohio 

Personnel:  John  Webb,  partner  &  chief 

engr.;  C.  Ralph  Webb,  partner. 

SUNDBERG-FERAR 

814  Stephenson  Building 
Detroit  2.  Mich. 

Personnel:  Carl  W.  Sundberg  &  Mont- 
gomery Ferar,  partners. 

SUNOSTRAND  MACHINE  TOOL 
2531    Eleventh  Street 
Rockford.    III. 

Branch  Offices:  American  Broach  &  Ma- 
chine Co.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Personnel:  H.  O.  Olson,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  A.  Lindblade,  secy.  &  treas.; 
H.  R.  Johnson,  sales  mgr.  pneumatic 
tool  div.;  W.  A.  Kemp,  sales  mgr.  hy- 
draulic div.;  T.  B.  Buell,  sales  mgr. 
machine  tool  div.;  Bengt  Granberg, 
chief  engr.  machine  tool  div.;  Gunner 
WaMmark,  chief  engr.  hydraulic  div.; 
J.  M.  Kiellstrom,  adv.  mgr.;  A.  E.  Nel- 
son, pur.  agent. 

SUPERIOR  INSTRUMENTS  CO. 
227   Fulton  Street 
New  York  7,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  Steir  &  M.  Heuben 
par.;  S.  Lilt,  chief  engr. 

SUPERIOR  PLASTIC  CO. 
426  North  Oakley  Boulevard 
Chicago  12.  III. 

Personnel:  Morris  Yellin.  owner  &  pres.; 
Bernard  Yellin,  gen.  mgr.;  C.  McCor- 
mick.  seles  mgr.:  Edward  Yellin.  chief 
engr.;  Maurice  Meltzer.  dir.  public  re. 
lations;  Gertrude  Bloom,  pur.  agent; 
M.  W.  Bloom,  mgr.  extrusion  div. 

SUPERIOR  PLASTICS  CORP. 
134-25  Northern  Bouevard 
Flushing,   Long   Island.   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Rudolf  L.  Selig,  pres.  J  sales 
mgr.;  Fred  Hales,  secy.,  treas.  &  gen. 
mgr. 

SUPPLY  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
34  University  Place 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  M.  Silverstein.  prei.;  W.  N. 
Dickinson,  dir.  plastics  research. 


SURFACE  COMBUSTION 
2375  Dorr  Street 
Toledo.  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Anderson,  Ind.;  Chi- 
cago; Cleveland;  Columbus,  O.;  Den- 
ver;  Detroit;  Erie,  Pa.;  Minneapolis: 
New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh- 
Syracuse,  N.Y.;  Tulsa. 
Personnel:  Frenk  H.  Adams,  gen.  mgr.; 
C.  B.  Phillips,  gen.  sales  mgr.:  W.  M. 
Hepburn,  chief  engr.;  W.  J.  Grover, 
adv.  mgr.*  Morris  Goodman,  pur. 
agent;  H.  M.  Heyn,  sales  mgr.,  heat 
treat,  dept.;  E.  A.  Weaver,  sales  mgr.. 
space  htg.  div.;  A.  L.  Hollinger,  sales 
mgr.,  iteel  div.;  F.  M.  Johnson,  in 
charge  kathabar  div.;  H.  C.  Weller. 
in  charge  glass  div. 

SURPRENANT    ELECTRICAL   IN- 
SULATION   CO. 

84    Purchase   Street 
Boston    10.   Mass. 

Personnel:  Albert  H.  Surprenant,  own- 
er; Ellen  M.  Quill,  secy.;  George  E. 
Forsberg,  gen.  mgr.;  M.  A.  Riley,  sales 
mgr.;  T.  A.  Lanata.  pur.  agent. 

SWANSON,  ARTHUR  &  ASSOC. 

540  North   Michigan  Avenue 
Chicago   II,  III. 

Personnel:  Arthur  Swansoi,  designer; 
Arthur  K I  ing  berg,  chief  draftsman; 
Frank  Hester,  designer. 

SWEDLOW  AEROPLASTICS 

1521    Gardens  Avenue 
Glendale   4,    Calif 
Personnel:  Dave  Swedlow,  pres.  S  gen. 
mgr.;  Lawrence  B.  Green,  vice-pres.  & 
chief  engr.;  Ted  Swedlow,  secy.,  trees., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  Francis  C.  Hopper, 
chief  chemist;  H.  F.  Larson,  pur.  agent. 

SWENSON  EVAPORATOR  CO. 

Division    Whiting    Corporation 

15669  Lathrop  Avenue 

Harvey.    III. 

Branch   Offices:   Detroit;   Los   Angeles: 

New   York;   Pittsburgh;   Portland,   Ore.; 

St.   Louis:  San   Francisco. 

SWIBOLD.  DUANE 
6432  Cass  Street 
Detroit   2,    Mich. 

SYLVANIA  ELECTRIC  PROD.  INC. 
500  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York.   N.Y. 

SYNTHANE  CORPORATION 

Oaks.   Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Chicago:  Cleve- 
land; Dayton;  Detroit;  Kansas  City. 
Mo.;  Los  Angeles;  Milwaukee;  Newark 
N.  J.;  New  York;  Philadelphia;  St. 
Louis;  San  Francisco;  Seattle;  Tulsa. 
Personnel:  R.  R.  Titus,  pres.;  J.  B.  Rit- 
tenhouse.  vice-pres..  treas.  &  sales 
mgr.;  R.  E.  Heaton.  secy.;  S.  W.  Place, 
chief  engr.;  S.  M.  Fox,  pur.  agent  & 
priorities  supv. 

SYNTHETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

88  St.  Francis  Street 

Newark,    NJ. 

Personnel:    L.   A.    Kasen    &    D.    Kasen. 

partners. 

SYNTHETIC  PLASTICS  CORP. 

461    Eighth    Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Joseph  Silvers,  pres.;  A.  Ar- 
thur Radler,  secy. 

SYNTHETIC  RESINS  LIMITED 

Gait,    Ontario,    Can. 

Personnel:  A.  S.  Torrey,  pres.;  J.  G. 
Gibson,  secy.;  Mary  I.  Guse,  trees.;  Dr. 
J.  B.  Monier,  gen.  mgr.  &  dir.  pleitics 
research;  Paul  M.  Klopstock  Jr..  dir. 
public  relations. 

SYNVAR  CORPORATION 
Front  &  Lombard  Streets 
Wilmington,   Del. 

SYRACUSE  ORNAMENTAL  CO. 
Syracuse  2.  N.Y. 

Branch  Office:  22S  Fifth  Ave..  New 
York. 

Personnel:  A.  E.  Holstein.  D.  M.  Hoi- 
stein.  P.  M.  Holstein,  R.  A.  Holstein  1 
M.  Winkelstein,  partners:  S.  V.  Bolton. 
chief  engr.  a  chief  chemist;  E.  Rosen- 
berg, war  contracts  &  edv.  mgr.  ft  dir. 
public  relations:  C.  King,  pur.  agent.  > 


282 


T-DIE  CAST  &  MOLDED  PROD. 

1 1630  South    Main   Street 

Los  Angeles  3,  Calif. 

Personnel:  J.  J.  Teissere,  pres.;  Therese 

Stephens,    secy.;    R.    L.   Teissere,    asst. 

mgr. 

TAFFAE.  I.  SARGE 
353   Fifth  Avenue 
New  York    16,   N.Y. 
Personnel:    I.    Sarge   Taffae,    owner    & 
chief  designer;  David  Arden  Taffae,  in- 
dustrial design  mgr. 

TAFT-PIERCE  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

Woonsocket,   R.I. 
Branch  Offices:  564  W.   Randolph   St., 
Chicago;  2921   E.  Grand  Blvd.,  Detroit; 
Woolworth  Bldg.,  New  York. 
Personnel:    F.    S.    Blackall    Jr.,    pres., 
treas.  &  gen.  mgr.'  J.  W.  Wheeler  Jr., 
vice-pres.;  W.  A.  Gordon,  secy.;  W.  E. 
Rogers,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  N.  E.  Brown, 
chief  engr.;  S.  Mason,  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; A.  M.  Robinson,  pur.  agent. 

TAURIELLO,  SEBASTIAN  J. 

220  Delaware  Avenue 
Buffalo  2,  N.Y. 

TAYLOR  FIBRE  COMPANY 

Norristown,  Penna. 
Branch  Offices:  Chicago;  Cleveland; 
Detroit;  Los  Angeles;  Milwaukee;  New 
York;  Pittsburgh;  Rochester,  N.  Y.;  St. 
Louis;  St.  Paul;  San  Francisco;  Tolland, 
Conn.;  Toronto. 

Personnel:  John  M.  Taylor,  pres.;  L.  T. 
McCloskey,  vice-prees.  &  sales  mgr.; 
C.  N.  Jacobs,  vice-pres.  J  pur.  agent; 
William  T.  Taylor,  secy.  &  treas.;  G.  J. 
Muller,  chief  engr.;  J.  M.  Farnum,  dir. 
plastics  research;  Walter  Wilson,  chief 
chemist;  George  Miller,  adv.  mgr.  & 
dir.  public  relations. 

TAYLOR  INSTRUMENT  CO. 

95  Ames  Street 
Rochester  I.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Baltimore:  Bos- 
ton; Chicago;  Cincinnati;  Cleveland; 
Los  Angeles:  Minneapolis:  New  York; 
Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh;  San  Francisco; 
St.  Louis;  Tulsa;  Wilmington. 
Personnel:  L.  B.  Swift,  pres.;  H.  W. 
Kimmet,  vice-pres.  &  secy.;  F.  K.  Tay- 
lor, vice-pres.  &  ind.  sales  mgr.;  P.  R. 
Jameson,  vice-pres.;  H.  J.  Noble, 
treas.;  W.  M.  Griffith,  commercial  sales 
mgr.;  R.  A.  Taylor,  chief  engr.;  W.  W. 
Lockwood,  adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  re- 
lations; C.  D.  Hart,  pur.  agent. 

TAYLOR  MFG.  COMPANY 

3056  West  Meinecke  Avenue 
Milwaukee   10,  Wis. 
Branch  Office:  Wright  Rubber  Products 
Div.,  Layard  Ave.,  Racine,  Wis. 
Personnel:  T.   F.  Millane.  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  F.  Millane,  secy.;  C.  J.  fcng- 
man,   mgr.   plastics  div.;   H.    F.    Peck, 
sales  mgr.  plastics  div.;  H.  A.  Karweik, 
chief  engr.'  N.  J.  Penning,  chief  chem- 
ist; M.  I.  Borngesser,  adv.  mgr.;  R.  I. 
McDonald,   pur.  agent;  A.   E.  Wright, 
supt.  Racine  plant. 

TEAGUE,  WALTER  DORWIN 

444  Madison  Avenue 

New  York  22,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Reino  E.  Aarnio,  specialist. 

TECHNICAL  PLASTICS  CO. 
223    Main   Street 
Zanesville,  Ohio 

TECHNICAL   PLY-WOODS 

228  North  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago  I,  III. 

Branch  Offices:  Wm.  A.  Fitzpatrick,  15 
Shaw  Place,  Dayton;  Lyman  G.  Hill, 
4849  Pacific  View  Dr.,  Hollywood. 
Personnel:  James  R.  Fitipatrick,  dir.  & 
sales  mgr.;  A.  N.  Carstens,  associate; 
M.  B.  Griswold,  trees.;  Howard  J.  Han- 
sen,  chief  engr.;  Allan  P.  Crawfurd, 
adv.  mgr.;  A.  L.  Baker,  pur.  agent. 

TECKNA  COMPANY 

223rd  Street  &  Northern   Blvd. 
Bayside,   Long   Island,   N.Y. 
Personnel:  John   A.   Marsicano  &   Fred 
Zuckerman,     partners;     Fred     Glasner, 
gen.    mgr.;    Edward    H.    Orton,    sales 
mgr.;  S.  Bergeson,  chief  engr.;  George 
Hesse,  pur.  agent. 


TENNESSEE  EASTMAN  CORP. 

Subsidiary  Eastman  Kodak  Co. 
Kingsport,  Tenn. 

Personnel:  Spencer  E.  Palmer,  sales 
mgr.  cellulose  prod,  div.;  R.  C.  Turtle, 
adv.  mgr.,  Eastman  Kodak  Co.,  10  E. 
40th  St.,  New  York. 

TENSOLITE  CORP.,  THE 

17   East  42nd  Street 

New  York    17.   N.Y. 

Plant:  7  Hudson  St.,  N.  Tarrytown,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  H.  D.  Minich,  pres.  &  treas.; 

K.   J.   Sidebotham,   soles   mgr.;   J.    D. 

Kehoe,  plant  mgr. 

TERKELSEN   MACHINE  CO. 
326  A  Street 

Boston    10.   Mass. 

Personnel:  Albert  B.  Terketsen,  pres.; 
Jasper  Derry,  vice-pres.;  Edwin  A. 
Terkelsen,  treas.  &  pur.  agent;  Harold 
A.  Myers,  sales  mgr. 

TEXLOID  PRODUCTS  CO. 

81    Rumford  Avenue 
Waltham    54,    Mass. 
Personnel:  G.  A.  Wilson,  dir.  research. 
TEXTILEATHER  CORPORATION 
607  Madison  Avenue 
Toledo  4,  Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Chicago:  Dallas;  De- 
troit' High  Point,  N.C.;  Los  Angeles; 
Montreal;  New  York;  Philadelphia;  St. 
Louis;  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  L.  H.  Green,  pres.;  J.  D. 
Lippman,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  C.  A. 
Collin,  secv.  &  dir.  public  relations: 
W.  F.  Webb,  treas.;  G.  H.  McGreevy, 
sales  mgr.;  H.  L.  Perry,  chief  engr.:  de 
Forest  Lett,  dir.  plastics  research;  John 
Weber,  chief  chemist;  J.  S.  Mather  Jr., 
adv.  mgr.;  W.  A.  Schumacher,  pur. 
agent. 

THER  ELECTRIC  &  MACH.  WKS. 
17  South  Jefferson  Street 
Chicago  6,  III. 

Personnel:  I.  Goldberg,  pres.  &  trees.; 
G.  C.  O'Brien,  vice-pres.  &  chief  engr.; 
E.  J.  Ther,  vice-pres.,  gen.  mgr.  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  A.  Sampson,  secy.  & 
sales  mgr.;  H.  W.  Steiner,  pur.  agent. 

THERMOID    RUBBER   DIVISION 

Thermoid  Company 
400  Whitehead  Road 
Trenton,   N.J. 

THIOKOL  CORPORATION 
780  North  Cinton  Stf%et 
Trenton,   N.J. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Crosby,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  H.  R.  Merguson.  vice-pres.:  S. 
M.  Martin  Jr.,  secy.  &  sales  mgr.;  E.  P. 
Roll,  treas. 

THOMSON,  ROBT.  S. 

98-50  67th  Avenue 

Forest  Hills,  Long  Island,  N.Y. 

THWING-ALBERT    INSTRUMENT 

Penn   Street  and    Pulaski   Avenue 
Philadelphia   44,   Penna. 
Personnel:  C.   B.  Thwing.   pres.;   R.  A. 
Jago,  secy.;  Edw.  J.  Albert,  treas.;  P. 
P.     Bourquin,    chief    engr.'     Ralph    E. 
Green,   adv.   mgr,;  John   Fachet,    pur. 
agent.;  J.  A.  Harned,  planner. 

TIETZMANN  ENGR.  CO. 

1043   Highland  Avenue 
Dayton   10,  Ohio 
Branch   Office:   Englewood.  Ohio. 
Personnel:   Charles  Tietzmann,   pres.   & 
chief    engr.;    Martha    Tietzmann.    vice- 
pres.  &  treas.;   Ruth   M.   Dexter,  secy.; 
Walter  A.  Tietzmann,  gen.  mgr.,  sales 
mgr.,  chief  engr.  &  pur.  agent;  Theresa 
Small,  adv.  mgr.;  Ellen  Bricker,  dir.  of 
pub.  rel. 

TILE-TEX  COMPANY,  THE 
1232  McKinley  Avenue 
Chicago  Heights,  111. 
Personnel:  J.  O.   Heppes,  pres.;  W.  S. 
Johnston,    vice-pres.;    G.    P.    Heppes, 
secy.  &  treas. 

TILP,  J.  G.,  INC. 

312-320  Adams  Street 
Newark  5,  N.J. 

Personnel:  Joseph  G.  Tilp,  pres.;  Rob- 
ert F.  Tilo,  secy.;  Inga  M.  Tilp,  treas. 


TILTON  &  COOK  CO. 

38   Spruce   Street 
Leominster,  Mass. 

Personnel:  George  H.  Cook  Jr.,  pres.; 
Frederick  H.  Cook,  secy.;  William  H. 
Day,  sales  mgr.;  Donald  Hunter,  pur. 
agent. 

TIMELY  NOVELTY  CO. 

24    East  21st  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  H.  Kaufman,  gen.  &  sales 
mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

TINGSTOL  COMPANY 

1461  West  Grand  Avenue 

Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  G.  K.  Holton  Walsh,  W.   B. 

Tingle  &  John  P.  Zopp,  partners. 

TINNERMAN  PRODUCTS.  INC. 

2127   Fulton   Road 
Cleveland   13,  Ohio 

Personnel:  A.  H.  Tinnerman,  pres.  & 
treas.;  G.  A.  Tinnerman,  vice-pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  A.  T.  Buttriss,  secy.;  W.  M. 
iuttriss,  sales  mgr.:  C.  H.  Judd,  chief 
engr.;  W.  C.  Kasper  Jr..  adv.  mgr.; 
R.  C.  Overstreet,  pur.  agent. 

TOLEDO  PLASTICS  CO. 

397  Phillips  Avenue 
Toledo   12,  Ohio 
Personnel:  R.  L.  Serrick,  mgr. 

TOUR.  SAM  &  CO. 

44  Trinity  Place 

Personnel:  Sam  Tour,  pres.:  Charles 
Davidoff,  vice-pres.  in  charge  chem. 
engr.;  Alexander  Gobus.  vice-pres.  & 
chief  metallurgist. 

TOWMOTOR  CORPORATION 
1226    East    152nd    St. 
Cleveland  10,  Ohio 
Sales  and  Service  Representatives:  All 
principal    cities. 

Personnel:  Lester  M.  Sears^  pres.;  R.  P. 
Sears,  exec,  vice-pres.;  C.  E.  Smith, 
vice-pres.  &  dir.  of  sales;  H.  L.  Gad- 
dis,  vice-pres.  &  prod,  mgr.;  Walter 
Westphal,  chief  engr.;  Edward  South- 
worth,  sales  promotion  mgr.;  H.  W. 
Neff,  pur.  agent. 

TRANS-MATIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

5501  Montrose  Avenue 
Chicago  41,   III. 

Personnel:  Stephen  J.  Handzel,  pres.  & 
treas  •  Norman  C.  Wieser,  vice-pres.; 
Helen  H.  Wielgus,  secy.;  William  A. 
Hart,  gen.  &  sales  mgr.;  W.  Wiezer. 
chief  engr. 

TRANSPARENT  PRINTING 

106   Fifth   Avenue 

New  York    II,   N.Y. 

Personnel:    Albert    R.    Bourges.    pres.; 

Edwin  S.  Beck,  treai. 

TRANSPARENT   SPECIALTIES 

I  120  Carnegie  Avenue 
Cleveland,  Ohio 

Personnel:  H.  V.  Sharlitt,  pres.;  A.  B. 
Stotter.  vice-pres..  sales  &  adv.  mgr.; 
P.  J.  Arnoff,  secy.,  gen.  mgr.;  dir. 
plastics  research  &  pur.  agent;  H.  B. 
Stotter,  treas. 

TRANSPLASTIC  PRODUCTS  CO. 

55  West  42nd  Street 

New  York    18,   N.Y. 

Personnel:   Clara   Eres   &   Helen   Mero. 

partners. 

TRAY-WARE    MANUFACTURERS 

10121   Detroit  Avenue 
Cleveland  2,  Ohio 
Personnel:     Alex     Kerby,     owner;     Art 
Guerst,  pur.  agent. 

TRENT.  HAROLD  E.  C9MPANY 

Leverington  Avenue  &  Wilde  St. 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 
Branch    Offices:    Buffalo,    N.    Y.;    Chi- 
cago;    Cincinnati;     Cleveland;     Dear- 
born, Mich.;  Denver;  Houston;  Los  An- 
geles' New  York;  Pittsburgh;  Portland, 
Ore.-   St.    Louis;   Salt    Lake   City;   San 
Francisco;  Seattle;  Worcester,   Mass. 
Personnel:    Harold    E.  Trent,   pres.;    E. 
F.   Ewing,  adv.  mgr. 


TRENTON    PLASTIC    &    METALS 
Division  Circle  F.  Mfg.  Co. 
Monmouth  &  Tayler  Streets 
Trenton,  NJ. 

Branch  Office:  20  Prince  St.,  Trenton. 
Personnel:    Hans    Mayer,    gen.    mgr.; 
Wm.    Hoffmann,    chief    engr.;    D.    H. 
Mayer,  dir.  plastics  research;  J.  Levine, 
pur.  agent. 

TRIANA,  RAFAEL 

1061   St.  Nicholas  Avenue 
New  York  32,   N.Y. 

TRIMM,  INC. 

1770  West  Berteau  Avenue 

Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Paul  A.  Bottoroff,  pres. 

TRINDL  PRODUCTS   LTD. 

17   East  23rd  Street 

Chicago    16,    III. 

Personnel:   Joseph    H.  Trindl.    pres.;   J. 

C.   Trindl,   vice-pres.;   H.    Fields,   sales 

mgr.;  Robert  Shaw,  pur.  agent. 

TRI-STATE    PLASTIC    MOLDING 

Henderson,  Ky. 

Personnel:  P.  J.  Buckley,  pres.;  Robert 
K.  Gibbs.  secy.,  treas.  &  prod,  mgr.; 
Cy  Yates,  gen.  mgr.  &  chief  engr. 

TRI-UNITED   PLASTICS  CORP. 

390  Nye  Avenue 
Irvington,  NJ. 

Personnel:  Dr.  Leo  Nast,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.'  Edwin  H.  Godfrey,  vice-pres.; 
Aston  A.  Da  Costa,  secy.  &  treas..  Rob- 
ert F.  Cartwright,  sales  mgr.  S  pur. 
agent;  Walter  Clemens,  chief  engr. 

TRUMBOWER,  ELIZABETH 
ALBAN 

131   East  35th  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 

TUCK,  A.  J.  CO. 

Brookfield,    Conn. 

Personnel:  A.  J.  Tuck,  owner. 

TUNGSTEN  CARBIDE  TOOL  CO. 

2661   Joy  Road 

Detroit  6,  Mich. 

Branch    pffices    and     Representatives: 

All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:   A.    E.   Tozer,   gen.   mgr.;   J. 

W.  Bader,  chief  field  engr. 

TURNER  PLASTIC  PROD.  CO. 

3025   Watson   Boulevard 

St.   Louis  9,  Mo. 

Personnel:  Douglas  Turner,  owner. 

TYER  RUBBER  COMPANY 

10  Railroad  Street 
Andover,  Mass. 

Branch  Offices:  189  W.  Madison  St., 
Chicago;  159  Duane  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Hugh  Bullock,  pres.;  G.  L. 
Lawrence,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.;_  H. 
G  Tyer  and  Joseph  Wiggin,  vice- 
pres  '  W.  E.  Brimer,  secy.,  treas.  ! 
gen.  mgr.;  Edwin  H.  Waterman,  chief 
engr.;  Walton  E.  Brewer,  dir.  public 
relations;  Charles  B.  Whiteside,  pur. 
agent. 

UCINITE  CO..  THE 
Div.    United-Carr   Fastener   Corp. 
459  Watertown  Street 
Newtonville  60,  Mass. 
Personnel:  A.  W.  Kimbell,  pres.;  L.  W. 
Tarr,   vice-pres.   &   gen.   mgr.;   W.   C.. 
Anderson,    vice-pres.;    A.    S.    Boynton 
secy.;    J.    J.    Ellsworth,    treas.;    G.    V. 
Sweetnam,   sales    mgr.;    C.    A.    Wood- 
ward, chief  engr.;  Walter  F.  Kopke  Jr., 
pur.  agent. 

UDYLITE  CORPORATION,  THE 

1651  East  Graad  Boulevard 
Detroit  1 1,  Mich. 
Personnel:  L.  K.   Lindahl,  pres.;  C.  H. 
Reeme.  vice-pres.  &  treas.;  Gunnar  C. 
T.  Lindh.  mgr.  plastics  div. 

UHLICH,  PAUL  &  CO.,  INC. 

90  West  Street 
New  York  6,   N.Y. 
Plant:  35  Herkimer  Place.  Brooklyn. 
Personnel:  Catherine  B.  Fair,  pres.;  Ed- 
ward Griffith,  vice-pres.,  dir.  research 
&  chemist;  H.  M.  Uhlich,  secy.;  Frank 
Meyer,  treas.,  gen.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 


UNA-CRAFT    ENGINEERING 

Interzone 

Detroit.  Mich. 

UNION    BAY  STATE  COMPANY 
50  Harvard  Street 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Branch  Office  47  W.  34th  St..  New 
York. 

Personnel:  Roland  D.  Earle,  pres.  & 
dir.  research;  P.  M.  Rauriel,  vice-prei. 
*  ant.  tech.  dir.;  I.  L.  Redshaw,  vice- 
ores.  ;  F.  8.  Day,  treat.  &  gen.  mgr.; 
G.  C.  Sheldon,  tales  a  adv.  mgr.;  H. 
Rosecaln,  chief  engr.;  J.  L.  Shay,  chief 
chemist;  H.  Cann,  pur.  agent. 

UNION  INSULATING  CO. 

Parkersburg,  W.Va. 
Irinch  Office:  27  Park  PL.  New  York. 
Personnel:  W.  M.  Parker,  pret.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  Lewij  Palmer,  vice-pres.  &  Chief 
engr.;  H.  B.  Grove,  tec/.;  W.  M.  Par- 
ker Jr.,  treat. 

UNION  STEAM  PUMP  CO. 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Sales  Offices:  Boston;  Chicago;  Hou- 
ston; Jersey  City;  Kansas  City,  Mo.; 
Los  Angeles:  Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh; 
St.  Louis;  Tulsa. 

Personnel:  E.  P.  Ardway,  pres.;  S.  N. 
Bailey,  secy.;  E.  L.  Kuhn,  sales  mgr.;  L. 
E.  Banghart.  chief  engr.;  L.  S.  Peck, 
adv.  mgr.;  J.  W.  Belote,  pur.  agent. 

UNIQUE  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 
221  West  Walton  Street 
Chicago  10,  III. 

Personnel:  Eugene  E.  Goller.  vice- 
pres.;  Jack  Klemman,  sales  mgr.;  J.  D. 
Foster,  plant  supt. 

UNITED   LABORATORIES  CO. 

Linden,   NJ. 

Personnel:  S.  O.  Krivit  &  B.  Krivit,  par. 

UNITED  CHROMIUM.  INC. 

51    East  42nd  Street 
New  York,   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  27SI  E.  Jefferson  Ave., 
Detroit;  Waterbury,  Conn. 

UNITED  ELECTRONICS  CO. 

42  Spring  Street 
Newark.    N.J. 

UNITED  PLASTICS  CORP. 
3828    East  91st   Street 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Personnel:  W.  M.  Mauck,  pres. 

U.  S.  ELECTRICAL  TOOL  CO. 

1050  Findlay  Street 

Cincinnati    14.   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Akron;  Boston;  Chicago; 
Dallas:  Denver;  Detroit;  Kansas  City. 
Mo.;  Los  Angeles;  Minneapolis;  Mon- 
treal: New  York;  Philadelphia;  Pitts- 
burgh; San  Francisco;  Seattle;  Toronto; 
Vancouver,  B.  C. 

Personnel:  J.  C.  Smith,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  G.  E.  Smith,  vice-pres.,  treas., 
sales  S  adv.  mgr.;  C.  D.  Hogan.  secy.; 
G.  D.  Behlen,  chief  engr.;  H.  E.  Neske, 
pur.  agent. 

U.  S.  AIR  COMPRESSOR  CO. 

5300  Harvard  Avenue 
Cleveland  5,  Ohio 
Personnel:    R.   L.   Bacher,   pres.:  A.    F. 
Jordan,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales;  W. 
C.  Smith,  vice-pres.  &  secy.;  F.  Cough- 
lin.    sales    mgr.;    P.    I.    Schulrz.    chief 
engr.;  L.  H.  Bacher,  pur.  agent. 

U.  S.  ELECTRL  MOTORS,  INC. 

200  E.  Slauson  Ave. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

U.S.  FOREST  PRODUCTS  LAB. 

Madison,  Wfs. 

Personnel:  Alfred  J.  Stamm,  chief 
chem. 

UNITED  STATES  GYPSUM  CO. 
300  West  Adams  Street 
Chicago  6.  III. 

Personnel:  W.  L.  Keady,  pres.;  J.  P. 
Sanger.  vice-prei.;  C.  H.  Shaver,  secy. 
t  treas.:  J.  S.  Offutt.  mdse.  mqr.  gyp- 
sum 1  lime  prods.;  J.  G.  Maynard. 
adv.  mgr. 

U.  S.  INDUSTRIAL  ALCOHOL 
Newark,  N.  J. 


U.  S.  INDUSTRIAL  CHEMICALS 

60  East  42nd  Street 

New  York.  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities, 

U.  S.  INDUSTRIAL  PLASTICS  CO. 

220  Fifth  Avenue 

New  York   I,   N.Y. 

Personnel:   L.   C.   Huber.   pres.;  J.   A. 

Allegro,    secy.;    P.    H.    Sullivan,    sales 

mg^r.;    D.    Castronova,    chief   engr.;    J. 

Zaic,  dir.  plastics  research;  E.  Quitiau, 

pur.  agent. 

UNITED  STATES  PLYWOOD 

616  West  46th   Street 
New  York    19.   N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Boston;  Brooklyn;  Chi- 
cago; Cincinnati;  Cleveland;  Detroit; 
High  Point,  N.C.;  Los  Angeles:  New- 
ark, N.J.;  New  York;  Oakland.  Calif.; 
Philadelphia;  Pittsburgh;  Rochester, 
N.Y.*  San  Francisco;  Seattle;  U.S.-Men- 
gel-Plywoods,  Inc.,  Atlanta:  Jackson- 
ville; Louisville  &  New  Orleans. 
Plants:  Algoma,  Wit  •  Lakeport.  N.H.; 
New  Rochelle.  N.Y.;  Orangeburg.  S.C.; 
Seattle. 

Personnel:  Lawrence  Ottinger.  pret.;  R. 
Clay  WilcoK.  exec,  vice-pres.;  Clay 
Brown,  vice-pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  S.  W. 
Antoville.  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales; 
James  J.  Dunne,  vice-prei.  in  charge 
plastics  div.;  Simon  Ottinger,  secy.; 
William  A.  Leary,  treas.  &  comptroller; 
O.  F.  Turtle,  chief  engr.;  C.  B.  Hem- 
ming, chief  chemist;  Richard  Lowell, 
adv.  mgr. 

UNITED  STATES  RUBBER  CO. 
Footwear  Division 
Mishawaka,   Ind. 

Personnel:  G.  W.  Blair,  mgr.  fuel  cell 
div.;  J.  F.  Schott,  in  charge  develop- 
ment fuel  cell  div. 

UNITED  STATES  RUBBER  CO. 

Naugatuclc  Chemical  Division 
Naugatuck,  Conn. 

UNITED  STATES  RUBBER  CO. 

1230  Sixth  Avenue 
New  York  20,  N.Y. 
Personnel :  H.  E.  Smith,  pres.,  New 
York;  H.  S.  Marlow,  vice-pres..  New 
York;  Eric  Burkman,  secy.,  New  York; 
Arthur  Surkamp,  treas.,  New  York; 
Geo.  W.  Blair,  gen.  mgr..  Mishawaka; 
F.  A.  Sawyer,  sales  mgr.  &  chief  engr.. 
Mishawaka;  J.  F.  Schott,  dir.  plastics 
research,  Mishawaka;  W.  R.  Hoover, 
chief  chemist,  Mishawaka;  T.  H.  Young, 
adv.  mgr..  New  York;  F.  A.  Miller,  di>. 
public  relations,  Mishawaka;  A.  E. 
Gardner,  pur.  agent,  Mijhawata. 

U.  S.  STONEWARE  CO.,  THE 

Plastics    Division 
Brimfield   Road 
Tallmadge,   Ohio 

Branch  Offices:  Elliott  Sq.  Bldg..  Buffa- 
lo, N.Y.;  20  N.  Wacker  Drive.  Chi- 
cago; Hollywood  Professional  Bldg.. 
Hollywood;  643  St.  Paul  St.  W.,  Mon- 
treal: 60  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  J.  M.  W.  Chamberlain, 
pres.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  Howard 
Farkas,  vice-pres.,  secy.,  sales  &  adv. 
mgr.;  George  Fichter.  chief  engr.; 
Donald  Siddall.  dir.  plastics  research; 
William  Mumkacsy,  chief  chemist; 
Ralph  Gross,  dir.  public  relations;  W. 
C.  Ohlrich,  pur.  agent. 

U.  S.  TESTING  CO..  INC. 

1415   Park  Avenue 
Hoboken,  NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  284  Congress  St.,  Bos- 
ton; Merchandise  Mart.  Chicago;  1450 
Broadway.  New  York-  601  W.  Susgue- 
hanna  Ave..  Philadelphia;  59  Social  St., 
Woonsocket,  R.I. 

Personnel:  D.  E.  Douty,  pres.;  A.  L. 
Brassell,  vice-pres.;  S.  B.  Walker,  secy., 
sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  E.  C.  Brown,  treas. 
&  pur.  agent. 

UNITED  STEEL  CORP.  LTD. 

58  Pelham  Avenue 

Toronto,   Ontario,   Can. 

Branch    Offices:    Kirkland    Lake.    Ont.; 

Montreal. 

Personnel:   T.   J.    Dillon,   pres.;   A.   S. 

House,  vice-pres.   &   gen.   mgr.;   D.   S. 

Robertson,    sales    mgr.;    F.    E.    Eland, 

chief   engr.*  J.   D.   roote.   adv.   mar.; 

J.   R.  Speers.  pur.  agent;  W.  E.  Mick- 

iethwaite,   hydraulic  press  engr. 


UNIVERSAL     BUTTON     FASTEN- 
ING AND  BUTTON  CO. 

2250  Fort  Street,  West 

Detroit  16,  Mich. 

Personnel:   W.   L.   Walker,  gen.   mgr.; 

W.  Geo.  Jeakle,  sales  mgr. 

UNIVERSAL    BUTTON     FASTEN- 
ING    AND     BUTTON     COM- 
PANY OF  CANADA  LTD. 
1076   Walker    Road 
Walkerville,  Ontario.  Can. 
Branch  Offices:  Montreal;  Winnipeg. 
Personnel:  J.   R.  Lystr,  pres.;  Jas.  Tur- 
ner, vice-pres.  &  treas.;  M.  L.  Tibbetts, 
secy.;    R.    E.    Lounsbury.    Canadian    & 
sales  mgr.;  A.  S.  Fletcher,  chief  engr.; 
A.  Wardle.  pur.  agent. 

UNIVERSAL  INDEX  TAB  CO. 

715  Lowman  Building 

Seattle  4.  Wash. 

Personnel:  V.  T.  Leigh,  pres.  &  trees.; 

Ed.   O.   Leigh  Jr.,   vice-pres.;    Ed.   O. 

Leigh,  secy.,  gen.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

UNIVERSAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 

235  Jersey  Avenue 
New  Brunswick,   N.J. 
Personnel:  Richard  O.  A.  Petersen,  vice- 
pres.  &  gen.  mgr.;  Chas.  A.  Wyman, 
vice-pres.;  Benjamin  Kaye,  secy.;  John 
F.   Dunnigan,  treas.;  C.  W.  Marsellys 
sales    mgr.;    Edwin    F.    Keusch,    chief 
engr.;   S.    Leon    Kaye,   chiem    chemist; 
Edward  F.  Knudsen,  pur.  agent. 

UNIVERSAL  PRODUCTS.  INC. 
6735  North  Clark  Street 
Chicago  26,  III. 
Personnel:  A.  R.  Slate,  chief  engr. 

UNIVERTICAL  MACHINE  CO. 

553  Beaufait 

Detroit  7.   Mich. 

Personnel:     Charles    T.     Walker,     gen. 

mgr. 

UPTOWN  TOOL  WORKS,  INC. 
4632  West  Fullerton  Avenue 
Chicago  39.    III. 

Personnel:  Paul  Spodnyak,  pres.,  gen. 
&  sales  mgr.;  William  Beck,  vice-pres. 

UTAH  PLASTIC  &  DIE-CAST  CO. 
113  East  First  South  Street 
Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 
Personnel:  Jules  J.  Teissere,   pres.;  C. 
Ivan     Nichols,     vice-pres.;     David     B. 
Beard,  secy.,  treas.,  sales  mgr.  &  pur. 
agent. 

V  *  O  PRESS  CO.,  INC..  THE 

Hudson,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Herman  F.  Zorn,  pres.  I 
gen.  mgr.;  J.  Harry  Leonard,  asst, 
secy.*  Charles  G.  Cushing,  treas.;  Ray- 
mond A.  Freeman,  chief  engr.;  Charles 
O.  Rigg,  dir.  public  relations;  Milton 
Jones,  pur.  agent. 

VALENTINE  SUGARS 

Whitney  Building 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Branch    Office:    400   W.    Madison    St.. 

Chicago. 

Plant:   Lockport,   La. 

Personnel:    J.    W.    Jay,    mgr.    partner; 

Will   J.   Gibbens   Jr.   &   Frank   Barker, 

partners:  J.  B.  Molitpr.  northern  rr.gr- 

T.   R.   McElhinney,  chief  engr.  &  chief 

chemist. 

VALLEY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

48   Jefferson   Street 
Waterbury  85.  Conn. 
Personnel:  George  F.  Mattson,  mgr. 

VAN  ARNAM  MFG.  CO. 
2311   Taylor  Street 
Fort  Wayne  6.  Ind. 
Personnel:  Geo.  H.  Van  Arnam,  pres.  & 
treas.;  Geo.  F.  Guin,  vice-pres.  &  sales 
mgr.;    Howard    L.   Van    Arnam,   secy., 
gen.    mgr.    &    dir.    plastics    research; 
Willis   Martin,   Martin  Associates.   Lin- 
coln  Bank  Tower,  adv.   mgr.;  Wm.   A. 
Anweiler,  pur.  agent. 

VAN  DOREN,  NOWLAND  AND 
SCHLADERMUNDT 

220  East  42nd  Street 
New  York   17.  N.Y. 
Branch  Office:   1600  Walnut  St.,  Phila- 
delphia 

Personnel:  Harold  Van  Doren,  Roger 
Nowland,  Peter  Schladermundt  t 
Katharine  B.  Gray,  partners. 


VAN  NORMAN  MOLDING  CO. 
4631-41  Cottage  Grove  Avenue 
Chicago,   III. 

Personnel:  G.  E.  Andre  I  Arthur 
Schwandt,  partners;  Richard  Harrison, 
pur.  agent. 

VANADIUM-ALLOYS  STEEL  CO. 
P.O.  Box   1768 
Pittsburgh  30,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  10  High  St.,  Boston; 
Vars  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.;  1440  W.  Ran- 
dolph  St.,  Chicago;  Mercantile  Library 
Bldg.,  Cincinnati;  2121  St.  Clair  Ave. 
Cleveland:  345  Midland  Ave.,  High- 
land Pk..  Mich.;  270  Madison  Ave., 
New  York*  Broad  St.  Sta.  Bldg..  Phila- 
delphia; Paul  Brown  Bldg.,  St.  Louis; 
P.O.  Bo>  1850.  Springfield.  Mais. 
Plant:  Latrobe,  Pa. 

Personnel:  Floyd  Rose,  pres.;  Lawrence 
Wood,  asst.  to  pres.;  J.  P.  Gill,  vice- 
pres.,  Latrobe;  f.  P.  Underwood,  s*cy.. 
Latrobe:  R.  E.  Reed,  treas.,  Latrobe: 
Harold  S.  Downing,  Walker  &  Down- 
ing, Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  adv.; 
L.  M.  Potter,  pur.  agent.  Latrobe. 

VARCUM  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

Packard  Road 

Niagara  Falls.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  G.   E.   Lewis,   pres.   t   gen. 

mgr.;  Howard  F.  Goodman,  vice-pres. 

I  sales  mgr.;  A.   F.   Buchholti.  secy,  I 

trees.;    R.   D.   McDonald,   dir.   plastics 

research;  W.  S.  Johnston,  pur.  agent. 

VARGISH  AND  COMPANY 

220  Fourth   Avenue 
New  Yorl  3.  N.Y. 

Personnel:  Frank  J.  Vargish,  partner; 
George  Vance  Nixon,  sales  mgr. 

VASCOLOY-RAMET  CORP. 
800  Market  Street 
Waukegan,  III. 

Personnel:  R  J.  Aitchison,  pres.;  A.  J. 
Dowe  &  Dr.  F.  H.  Driggs,  vice-pres.;  E. 
F.  Radke,  secy,  t,  treas.;  H.  B.  Clark, 
gen.  sales  mgr.;  N.  E.  Bradley,  adv. 
mgr.;  G.  E.  Powell,  pur.  agent. 

VASSOS.  JOHN 
Norwolk,  Conn. 

VAVRIK,   LOUIS 
332  Colony  Road 
Rossford,  Ohio 

VELEPEC,  FRED  M.  CO. 
71-11   64th  Street 
Glendale.  LI.,  N.Y. 

VELSICOL  CORP. 
120  East  Pearson  Street 
Chicago,  III. 
Plant:  Marshall.  III. 

VERSEN,  KURT  COMPANY 
4  Slocum  Avenue 
Englewood,   NJ. 

VERSON  ALLSTEEL  PRESS  CO. 

1360  East  93rd  Street 
Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  D.  C.  Verson,  pres.;  A.  C. 
Ortmann.  vice-pres.;  J.  Verson.  secy.: 
J.  F.  Anschuett,  sales  mgr.;  A.  Clem- 
ents, chief  engr.;  H.  Wiggins,  pur. 
agent;  J.  Nova*,  works  mgr. 

VICTOR  CHEMICAL  WORKS 
141  West  Jackson  Boulevard 
Chicago.  III. 

VICTOR  MFG.  t  GASKET  CO. 
5752  Roosevelt  Road 
Chicago,  III. 

VICTOR  METAL  PROD.  CORP. 

196  Diamond  Street 

Brooklyn.    N.Y. 

Personnel:  Joel  Kronman,  pret.  t  salts 

mor.;  Leonard  Baron,  secy,  ft  trees.; 
John  Hoch,  mgr.  molding  div.:  Harry 
Sporn.  pur.  agent. 

VICTORY  PLASTICS  CO. 

60  Scabbard  Street 

Hudson,  Matt. 

Branch  Office:  Statler  Bldg..  lotion. 

Personnel:  E.  L.  Beckwith.  pret.  •  dir. 

plastics    research-    Stanley    P.    Lovell. 

vice-pret.;  John  Carr,  secy.;  Lawrence 


R.  Tibert,  treas.;  C.  P.  Maclver,  gen. 
mgr.;  William  J.  Collins,  sales  rngr.; 
C.  J.  Coburn,  chief  engr.;  Albert 
Dietz,  chief  chemist;  Raymond  B.  Har- 
rison, adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  public  rela- 
tions; t  \.  F.  Damon,  pur.  agent;  J. 
Franklin  Millea,  supt. 

VICTOR  TOOL  &  MACH.  CORP. 

Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 

Personnel:  Walter  Miller,  pres.  &  treas.; 
Bernard  Van  Duzer,  secy.  &  gen.  mgr. 

VICTORY  BUTTON  CO.,  INC. 

147  Seventh  Street 
Leominster,  Mass. 

Personnel:  Mfchele  A.  Tata,  pres.; 
Domenic  P.  Tata,  vice-pres.;  Anthony 
M.  Tata,  secy. 

VICTORY  MFG.  COMPANY 
1722-24  West  Arcade  Place 
Chicago  12,  III. 

Personnel:  Edward  Singer,  pres.;  Rob- 
ert C.  Pelz.  gen.  mgr.  &  chief  engr. 

VICTORY  MFG.  CO. 

1105  Fair  Oaks 
South  Pasadena.  Calif. 
Personnel:  Henry  Kearns,  pres.   &  gen. 
mgr.;  A.  Oberholtz  Jr.,  vice-pres.;  A. 
Rex    Chapman,    secy.;    Leon    Kingsley, 
treas.;  Jan  de  Swart,  chief  engr.  &  dir. 
plastics  research;  Genevieve   wheeler, 
pur.  agent;  Wm.  Carter,  plant  mgr. 

VIDAL  RESEARCH  CORP. 

Camden,  N.J. 

Personnel:  John  Weber,  dir.  research  & 
development. 

VIERLING'S  PLASTIC  HOUSE 

14448  Euclid  Avenue 
East  Cleveland  12,  Ohio 
Personnel:  J.  C.  Vierling,  owner. 

VILTER  MFG.  CO..  THE 

2217  South   First  Street 
Milwaukee    7,    Wis. 
Branch  Offices:  Atlanta;  Chicago;  Cin- 
cinnati-    Detroit:     Minneapolis;     New 
York;   Omaha;   Philadelphia;   St.    Louis; 
San   Francisco. 

Personnel:  F.  T.  Goes,  pres.  &  works 
mgr.;  E.  B.  Tilton.  vice-pres.,  treas.  & 

fen.    mgr.;    W.     B.    Vilter,    vice-pres. ; 
.   F.  Vilter,  secy.;  W.  L.  Nahin,  sales 
mgr.;  C.  G.   Bach,  chief  engr.;   Harry 
J.  Jesse!,  adv.  &  sales  promotion  mgr.; 
L.   E.    Loos,    mgr.   pur. 

VIN-SEA  CORPORATION 

5154  North  Clark  Street 
Chicago,  III. 

Personnel:  Henry  Montonen.  chief 
engr.;  W.  J.  Labenheimer.  chief  stylist. 

VIRGINIA-LINCOLN  CORP. 

Marion,  Va. 

Branch  Offices:  444  Lake  Shore  Drive. 

Chicago;    954   S.    La    Brae    Ave.,    Los 

Angeles. 

Personnel:  C.  C.   Lincoln  Jr.,   pres.;  J. 

D.    Lincoln,    vice-pres.    &    chief   engr.; 

John  Gemmelt,  vice-pres.;  J.  W.  Home, 

secy.  &  pur.  agent;  L.  D.  Seville,  treas.; 

Paul  Hofmann,  dir.  plastics  research  & 

chief  chemist. 

VIRGINIA  PLAK  COMPANY 

270  Madison  Avenue 

New  York    16,   N.Y. 

Branch  Office  Brooklyn. 

Personnel:    Edward    Rosenberg,   owner; 

Sidney  N.  Weis,  gen.  mgr.;  R.  Weber, 

chief  engr. 

VISKING    CORPORATION,    THE 

Pierce  Plastics  Division 
6733  West  65th  Street 
Chicago  38,  III. 

Personnel:  E.  O.  Freund,  pres.;  Gustav 
Freund  II  vice-pres.;  H.  R.  Medici, 
secy.  &  sales  mgr.:  J.  P.  Smith  treas  • 
B.  H.  Schenk,  chief  engr.;  W.  F.  Hen- 
derson, chief  chemist;  W.  R.  Hemrich, 
adv.  mgr.;  A.  H.  Krueger,  pur.  agent. 

VOGES  MFG.  CO..  THE 

98th   Stroat  &   103rd  Avenue 
Ozone   Pie.    17,   Long  Island.   N.Y. 
Personnel:  Frederick  Voges  &  Fred  Wil- 
liam   Voges,     partners;    Arthur     Rosen- 
berg,  prod,  mgr.;  Christian  A.  Alfsen, 
chief  engr.;  J.  K.  Weickel,  pur.  agent. 

VON  MIKLOS.  JOSEPHINE 

200  W.  57th  St..  N.Y.,  N.Y. 


WACKER,  GEORGE  W. 

4616   Reading    Road 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

WAGNER  ELECTRIC  CORP. 

6400  Plymouth 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WAHL  CLIPPER  CORP. 

407-413    East  Third   Street 
Sterling,    Mil. 

Personnel:  Leo.  J.  Wahl,  pres.;  John  F. 
Bowman,  sales  mgr.;  J.  Kenneth  Rice, 
chief  engr. 

WALDRON,  JOHN  CORP. 

New   Brunswick,   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  201  N.  Wells  St.,  Chi- 
cago; 350  Madison  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  B.  R.  Newcomb,  pres.;  S.  N. 
Finney  &  F.  W.  Egan,  vice-pres.;  A.  A. 
Robinson,  secy.  4  treas.;  J.  J.  Case, 
chief  engr.;  Alexander  Ross,  adv.  mgr.; 
G.  F.  GTeeson,  pur.  agent. 

WALES-STRIPPIT  CORP. 

345    Payne  Avenue 
North  Tonawanda,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  George  F.  Wales,  pres.;  C. 
C.  Fichtner.  vice-pres.  4  treas.;  Charles 
Michel,  S*cy.;  Henry  Osmundson,  gen. 
mgr.;  Paul  Bernhardt,  sales  mgr.;  John 
Andrews,  chief  engr.;  Harvey  Laney. 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir,  public  relations;  L.  A. 
Scott,  pur.  agent. 

WALKER  CHEMIPLAST  CORP. 

424  West  33rd  Street 

New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Irving  J.  Walker,  pres. 

WALKER.  GEORGE  W. 

513    New  Center  Building 
Detroit   2,    Mich. 

Personnel:  Lawrence  H.  Wilson,  asso- 
ciate. 

WALKER  RESEARCH  LABS. 

31    Madison   Avenue 

New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Irving  J.  Walker,  pres. 

WALKER-GOULARD-PLEHN 
448   Pearl  St..  N.Y..   N.Y. 

WALKER-TURNER   CO.,    INC. 

Plainfield.   N.J. 

Personnel:  W.  B.  Turner,  pre$.;  J.  A. 
Carey,  vice-pres.;  Helen  K.  Glover, 
secy.;  E.  T.  Walker,  treas.;  C.  M. 
Hammeal,  sales  mgr.;  W.  Ocenasek, 
chief  engr.;  W.  J.  Antener.  adv.  mgr. 

WALLS  SALES  CORP. 

96  Warren  Street 

New  York  7.  N.Y. 

Personnel:      Sadye      Grossman,      pres.; 

Leonard  N.  Grossman,  gen.  mgr. 

WALTER,  JOHN  &  SONS  LTD. 

925   King  Street,   East 
Kitchener,  Ontario,  Can. 

Personnel:  John  Walter,  pres.,  gen.  & 
adv.  mgr.  &  dir.  plastics  research;  E. 
Edna  Cullen,  secy.  4  treas.;  John  Ash- 
ton,  sales  mgr. 

WALTHAM  MACHINE  WORKS 

296  Newton   Street 

Waltham,    Mass. 

Personnel:   E.  L.  Sanderson,  partner. 

WALTMAN,  C.  E.  &  ASSOC. 

737  North  Michigan  Avenue 

Chicago,    III. 

Personnel:  W.  G.  Connelly,  packaging; 

Pehr    Anderson,    woodworking;    Jackie 

Pieper,  research;  Kay  Hicko,  stylist. 

WARNER  &  SWASEY  CO.,  THE 

5701  Carnegie  Avenue 
Cleveland  3,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Charles  J.  Stilwell,  pres.; 
Lloyd  D.  McDonald  &  Walter  K.  Bailey, 
vice-pres.;  Warner  Seely.  secy.;  Irving 
C.  Bolton.  treas. 

WARNER  TOOL  DESIGN  CORP. 

522  Fifth  Avenue 

New  York,   N.Y. 

Personnel:  Benjamin  Lorenz,  art  dir. 

WARREN,  S.  D.  CO. 

89  Broad  Street 
Boston,   Mass. 


WARREN  PLASTICS  CORP. 

Warren,    Penna. 

Personnel:  David  Cropp.  pres.;  Curtis 
Goodwin,  vice-pres.;  Stuart  J.  Myers, 
secy.  &  treas.  &  sales  mgr.;  Ervin 
Rader,  gen.  mgr.;  Walter  Anderson, 
chief  engr.;  William  Dashem,  chief 
chemist;  Weston  Ensworth,  adv.  mgr. 

WARWICK  CHEMICAL  CO. 

100  Pulaski  Street 
West  Warwick,    R.I. 

WASHBURN  COMPANY,  THE 

28    Union   Street 
Worcester  8,  Mass. 

Sales  Offices:  Merchandise  Mart,  Chi- 
cago; 105  Duane  St..  New  York. 
Plants:  Niles,  Mich.;  Rockford,  III. 
Personnel:   John   S.   Toma|an,    pres.   & 
gen.    mgr.;    Arthur   G.   Andrews,   vice- 
pres.;  Nelson   Hood,  secy.  &  treas.;  E. 
H.   Gorton,   sales   &   adv.   mgr.;    R.   H. 
Chadwick;  chief  engr.;  J.  R.  Lawrence, 
dir.  plastics  research;  John  A.   Prouty, 
pur.  agent. 

WASHINGTON  VENEER  CO. 

Olympia,    Wash. 

WATERBURY  COMPANIES,  INC. 
835  South  Main  Street 
Waterbury  90,  Conn, 
(ranch  Offices:  38  Chauncy  St.,  Boston; 
223  W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago;  13611 
Sixth  Ave.,  Cleveland;  Godehaux  Bldg., 
New  Orleans;  17  E.  42nd  St.,  New  York; 
1211  Chestnut  St..  Philadelphia;  Pow- 
ers Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.Y.;  677  Mission 
St.,  San  Francisco;  9  Toronto  St.,  To- 
ronto. 

Personnel:  Warren  F.  Kaynor,  pres.  & 
gen.  mgr.;  C.  Sanford  Bull,  vice-pres.; 
H.  W.  laer,  secy.  &  asst.  treas.;  Wal- 
ter F.  Reibold,  sales  mgr.;  Rene  Mag- 
nenat,  chief  engr.;  Dante  Contamessa, 
dir.  plastics  research:  Domenic  Pavone. 
chief  chemist;  E.  C.  Powers,  adv.  mgr.; 
Roger  Rose,  dir.  public  relations;  Max 
Kraft,  pur.  agent. 

WATERTOWN  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

127  Echo  Lake  Road 
Watertown.  Conn. 
Branch  Office:  Hanna  Bldg.,  Cleveland. 
Personnel:    J.    R.    Neill,    pres.;    H.    J. 
Weisman,  secy.;  C.  M.  Siemon,  treas.; 
A_.    L.    Alves,    asst.    gen.    mgr.;    H.    R. 
Sjostedt,  chief  chemist;  G.  E.  Moseley, 
pur.   agent;    E.    W.   Soderberg,    plant 
lupt. 

WATSON-STILLMAN  CO.,  THE 

109  Aldene    Road 
Roselle.   N.J. 

Branch  Offices:  228  N.  La  Salle  St.. 
Chicago;  New  Haven,  Conn.;  Phila- 
delphia; Washington,  D.C. 
Personnel:  E.  A.  Stillman,  pres  &  treas.; 
A.  G.  York,  vice-pres.  in  charge  sales; 
L.  R.  T.  Brown,  vice-pres.  in  charge 
mfg.;  R.  W.  Dinzl.  vice-pres.  in  charge 
engr.;  F.  A.  Hutson,  secy.;  F.  Keyler, 
adv.  mgr.;  M.  G.  Fuller,  pur.  agent; 
R.  S.  Sweeney,  comptroller. 

WAYNE  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

Fort  Wayne,   Ind. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Ferris,  plant  mgr. 

WEATHERHEAD  CO. 

300  East   1 3 1st  Street 
Cleveland    8,   Ohio 
Personnel:  Warren  V.  Prince,  dir.  plas- 
tics research. 

WEAVER    PIANO   CO.,    INC. 

Broad  &  Walnut  Sts.,  York.   Pa. 

Personnel:  W.  S.  Bond,  pres.;  C.  D. 
Bond,  vice-pres.,  gen.  mgr.,  dir.  plas- 
tics research  &  pur.  agent;  W.  L.  Bond, 
secy.,  treas.,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.;  D.  G. 
Meckley  Jr.,  chief  engr.  &  dir.  public 
relations. 

WECOLITE  COMPANY 

230  Fifth  Avenue,  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Personnel:  H.  Wechsler,  pres. 

WEIN,  SAMUEL 

2054  Harrison  Ave.,  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

WELKER  MFG.  CO.,  INC.,  THE 

Cromwell,   Conn. 

Personnel:  R.  O.  Welker.  pres.  &  pur. 
agent;  E.  G.  James,  vice-pres.;  S.  N. 
Witkowski,  secy.;  J.  E.  Welker,  treas. 


WELTRONIC  COMPANY 

19500  West  Eight-Mile  Road 
Detroit  19.  Mich. 

Personnel:  C.  J.  Collom,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  F.  X.  Busche,  sales  mgr.;  Gustav 
Undy,  chief  engr. 

WENDT-SONIS  COMPANY 

Tenth   and  Collier  Streets 
Hannibal,  Mo. 

Branch  Warehouse:  316  Elm  Ave.,  Long 
Beach,  Calif. 

Personnel:  H.  T.  Wendt,  partner  & 
pres.;  M.  E.  Wendt,  partner  &  stand- 
ards &  methods  engr.;  T.  V.  Hilt,  asst. 
gen.  mgr.;  D.  H.  Rhino,  shop  supt.; 
G.  W.  Herrick,  tool  engr.  mgr. 

WENTWORTH  MACH.  CO.  LTD. 

69   Hughson    Street,    North 
Hamiton,   Ontario,  Can. 
Personnel:  F.  H.  Chalkley,  pres.  &  gen. 
mgr.;  J.  A.  Sinclair,  vice-pres.;  D.  W. 
Coombe,    secy.,    treas.,    sales    &    adv. 
mgr.;  W.  M.  Smith,  chief  engr.;  W.  L. 
Smith,  pur.  agent. 

WERNER,   R.  D.  CO.,  INC. 

295    Fifth   Avenue 
New  York    16,    N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:  Greenville,  Pa.;  380 
Second  Ave.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  R.  D.  Werner,  pres.  &  treas.; 
V.  C.  Petersen,  vice-pres.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Leo  L.  Werner,  secy.;  A.  J.  Pastine, 
chief  engr.;  J.  P.  Felton,  adv.  mgr.;  N. 
L.  Shelner,  pur.  agent. 

WEST  COAST  INDUSTRIES 

2027    17th  Stree- 

San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Personnel:    Harry    Liss,    owner;    Robert 

Ross,  chief  engr. 

WESTCHESTER  CHEM.  CORP. 

3?6  Waverly  Avenue 
Mamaroneclc,   N.Y. 
Personnel:   Harry  Levine,  pres.;   I.   Mil- 
ler,   vice-pres.;    Richard    L.    Rosenthal, 
secy.    &    treas. 

WESTCOTT  CHUCK  COMPANY 
Oneida,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  E.  G.  Baker,  pres.;  J.  L. 
Wheaton.  vice-pres.;  A.  B.  Barnaskey, 
secy.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.;  L.  M.  Car- 
hart,  sales  mgr.;  J.  C.  Harvey,  plant 
supt. 

WESTERN  SHADE  CLOTH  CO. 

Plastic    Fabrics    Division 
22nd  and   Jefferson   Streets 
Chicago   16,  III. 

WESTINGHOUSE     ELECTRIC     & 
MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Micarta   Department 

Trafford,  Penna. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:  T.    I.   Phillips,   vice-pres.;    E. 

R.    Perry,    gen.    mgr.;   J.    E.    Callahan, 

sales  mgr. 

WESTINGHOUSE    ELECTRIC    & 
MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Industrial   Electronics   Division 
2519  Wilkens  Avenue 
Baltimore   3,    Md. 

Personnel:  C.  J.  Burnside,  mgr.;  C.  W. 
Miller,  application  mgr.;  R.  N.  Har- 
mon, engr.  mgr.;  C.  W.  Lutz,  pur. 
agent. 

WESTON    ELECTRICAL  INSTRU- 
MENT CORPORATION 

614  Frelinghuysen  Avenue 

Newark  5,  N.J. 

Branch    Office:    205    W.    Wacker    Dr., 

Chicago. 

Representatives:  All  principal  cities. 

Personnel:   Caxton    Brown,    pres.;    E.    R. 

MeMen.  exec,  vice-pres.  &  treas.:  R.  R. 

Lamb,  vice-pres.  in  charge  mfg.;  W.  N. 

Goodwin,   vice-pres.    in   charge   engrg.; 

H.   Leigh  Gerstenberger,  vice-pres.,  in 

charge   sales:    Ross    Nichols,    secy.;   S. 

Cassey,   adv.  mgr.;  A.    R.    Briggs,   pur. 

agent. 

WESTVACO  CHLORINE  PROD. 

405   Lexington   Avenue 

New  York  17,  N.Y. 

Branch  Offices:    1-41    W.   Jackson    Blvd., 

Chicago;  Woodside   Bldg.,   Greenville, 

S.C.;  Newark,  Calif. 

Personnel:  W.    B.  Thorn,   pres.;   M.  G. 


*    M  fif 


Geiger.  L.  Neuberg  &  M.  Y.  Seaton. 
vice-pros.;  M.  E.  Gilbert,  secy.  4 
treaj.;  J.  C.  Thom,  sales  mgr.;  J.  D. 
Anderson,  chief  engr.:  A.  G.  Ailchison. 
dir.  research;  H.  W.  Zehner.  pur. 
int. 

WETMORE   REAMER  CO. 
418  N.  27th  St..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
Personnel:  Otto  A.  loheim.  pres..-  W. 
J.  Clements,   sales  mgr.;   H.   J.   Sleik 
chief  engr. 

WHEELCO    INSTRUMENTS   CO. 

847  W.  Harrison  St.,  Chicago,  III. 
Iranch  Offices:  537  S.  Dearborn  St., 
Chicago;  6523  Euclid  Ave.,  Cleveland 
«  liberty  St..  New  York. 
Personnel:  F.  A.  Hanson  pres.;  T.  A. 
Cohen,  vke-pres.  J  chief  engr.;  R.  A. 
ichoenfeld  &  Chas.  L.  Saunders.  vice- 
ores.:  Gary  H.  Stevenson,  secy  &  treas.; 
H.  W.  Bluethe,  adv.  mgr.;  Ray  Koep- 
9tn,  pur.  agent;  E.  Schneider,  plant 

WHEELER-OSSOOD  CO.,  THE 

•a.  Wash. 

Iranch  Offices:  134  S.  La  Sails  St.  Chi. 
eego;  350  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York;'L  J. 
Woodson.  3WS  19th  St..  San  Francisco. 
Personnel:  N.  O.  Cruver,  vice-pros.  S 
pen.  mgr  •  A.  L.  Shepro.  gen.  supt.; 
>.  L.  Michael,  mgr.  plastics  plywood 
div. 

WHEELING  STAMPING  CO. 

j  2100  Water  St.,  Wheeling.  W.Va. 
Iranch  Offices:  L.  C.  Morris,  223  Spring 
St.  S.W  Atlanta:  Fred  A.  Jensen.  519 
'.  Dearborn  St..  Chicago;  A.  L.  Stauff 
Traction  Bldg.,  Cincinnati;  Elliott  Sales 
Service  Co.,  Perry  Payne  Bldg.,  Cleve- 
land &  6431  Hamilton  Ave.,  Detroit- 
George  K.  Oilier,  90  W.  Broadway' 
New  York;  Stanley  Lowen.  10  E.  40th 
St.,  New  York;  Sam  J.  Keiffer,  4910  W. 
Pine  Blvd.,  St.  Louis;  C.  A.  Tome  1200 
(iverview  Ave..  Wilmington,  Del. 
Personnel:  A.  W.  Paul!  Sr.,  pres.-  A  D 

A  ,  !eoy- ,?  Mlel  mOr-  P'attiei  dept.; 
\.  ••''•  paull  J'..  treas.;  H.  A.  Kelly 
chief  engr.;  Dr.  D.  F.  Menard  dir 
P<"'!«  research  I  chief  chemist'; 
Lloyd  Park,  pur.  agent. 

WHITE.  THOS.  J.  PLASTICS  CO. 

7  Manchester  Avenue 
St.  Louis  22,  Mo. 

Personnel:  Thomas  J.  White.  owner- 
Elmer  L.  Ludwig.  gen.  mgr.;  Max  Zim- 
mermann,  chief  engr. 

WHITE.  S.  S.  DENTAL  MFG.  CO. 

Plastics  Division 

10  E.  40th  St.,  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

Perionnel:  John  P.  Case,  mgr.  plastics 

dept. 

WHITEHEAD  S  HOAG  CO.  THE 
Newark    I,   NJ. 
Iranch  Offices:  All  principal  cities 
Per.onnel:  H.  C.   Page,  pres.;  Marquis 
Regan,  gen.  sales  mgr. 

WHITEHEAD  METAL  PROD  CO 

303  W.  10th  St..  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

Irench  Offices:  413  W.  North  Ave.    Bal- 

'more:  254  Court  St..  Buffalo.  N.Y.;  235 

"dge  St..  Cambridge.  Mass.;  205  Fre- 

Ihuysen  Ave..  Newark:  725  Arch  St., 

fePfcv*  w'  Wa"lln9ton  s'-: 

Perionnel:  T.  M.  Bohen.  pres  •  C  D 
Grover,  vice-pres.;  E.  W.  Silver,  secy. 

*  trees.;  P.  fc  Kane.  dir.  plastics-  G 

J.  Perry,  adv.  mgr. 

WHITING  CORPORATION 
Harvey.  III. 

Iranch  Offices:  All  principal  cities 
Personnel:  T.  S.  Hammond,  pres.;  S.  H. 
JemmonH  vice-pret.;  R.  A.  Pascoe, 
lecy..  J.  C.  Thomas,  treas.;  D.  Polder- 
en  Jr..  sales  mgr.;  A.  Deyoung,  adv. 
mgr. 

WHUE  MRS.  COMPANY,  THE 

IS  Fourth  Ave..  New  York    N  Y 
fWionn.1:    Daniel     p.    Whyte.     pres.: 
eph  J.  Shapiro   vice-pros.:  Nicholas 
Klein,  vice-pres.;  Herman  Whyte,  secy. 
I   trees.;   Michael    Miller,   gen.   mgr.- 
ome    Stern,     chief    engr.;     Stanley 
Whyte.  dir.  plastic*  research. 

WICKMAN.  A.  C.  (CAN.)   LTD. 
The  Oueensway.    Etobicoka 
Toronto.   Ontario.   Can. 
Personnel:  W.  T.   Muirhead,  vice-pres. 

*  gen.  mgr.:  C.  E.  Winters,  secy.:   L. 
B.  Manning,  sales  mgr.:  T.  Frame,  chief 
engr.;   H.  J.  Cable,  adv.  ft  sales   pro- 
motion mgr.;  J.  Warner,  pur.  agent. 


WIESELTHIER,  VALLY 

108  E.  57th  St.,   N.Y..  N.Y. 

WILCOX    PLASTICS    MOLDING 
971  Goodrich  Boulevard 
Los  Angeles  22,  Calif. 
Personnel:  Frank  Wilco».  owner  a  gen 
mgr.:  P-  Wllco»,  secy.  &  treas.:  A.  C. 
Young,  sales  mgr.  1  pur.  agent;  E.  N. 
Huling,  chief  engr. 

WILKINS.  W.  BURDETTE 
245  East  Ridgewood  Avenue 
Ridgewood,  NJ. 

WILLIAMS.  WHITE  &  CO 

Moline.    III. 

Iranch   Office:   53   W.   Jackson    Blvd. 

Chicago. 

Personnel:  H.  W.  Geti,  ores.;  G.  H. 
Case,  vice-pres.;  W.  A.  Thorngren. 
secy.;  H.  H.  Rogers,  treas.  &  sales 
mgr.:  D.  F.  Green,  chief  engr.;  E.  C. 
Case.  adv.  mgr.;  A.  8.  Lindburg,  pur. 
agent. 

WILLS  AND  ROBERTS  PLASTICS 

MFG.  CORPORATION 
33  South   Lake  Avenue 
Pasadena    I,   Calif. 
Branch    Office:    Coast    Marine     Engr. 
Corp..  900  W.  Broadway,  Long  Beach 
Calif. 

Personnel:  John  A.  Wills,  pres.  dir 
plastics  research  &  chief  chemist;  Peter 
Burroughs,  secy.,  treas.  &  gen.  mgr.- 
Ralph  S.  Roberts,  sales  &  adv.  mgr.: 
Mary  Eaton,  pur.  agent. 

WILLSON  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

Reading,  Penna. 

Personnel:  John   D.  Dentz.  adv.  mgr. 

WILMINGTON  CHEM.  CORP. 

10  E.  40th  St..  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Representative:  Dr.  W.  H.  Grote,  First 
Central  Tower,  Akron. 

Personnel:  W.  H.  Waller,  pres.;  Ed- 
mund du  Pont  &  Edward  V.  Osberg 
vice-pres.;  H.  J.  Krebs.  secy.  &  pur. 
agent;  A.  D.  Bestebreurtje,  treas.;  Hu- 
bert I.  du  Pont,  chief  chemist. 

WILMINGTON  FIBRE  SPEC.  CO. 
New  Castle,  Del. 

Personnel:  J.  W.  Morris,  pres.:  f.  L. 
Gerhauser  vice-pres.;  H.  W.  McNinch, 
secy.;  H.  M.  Romig,  sales  mgr.;  J.  R. 
Qumn,  pur.  agent. 

WILSON  CARBON  COMPANY 

60  E.  42nd  St.,  N.Y..  N.Y. 

Personnel:  P.  J.  Wilson,  pres.;  Mar- 
guerite M.  Sisca,  secy.;  John  S.  Stump 
Jr.,  gen.  mgr.;  Ralph  j.  Andrews,  dir. 
resesarch. 

WILSON   MECHANICAL 

INSTRUMENT  CO.,  INC. 
Div.  American  Chain  &  Cable  Co. 
383  Concord  Ave.,  N.Y..  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Charles  H.  Wilson,  pros.:  S. 
S.    Brown,    treas.;    Charles    H.    Lucke. 
gen.  supt. 

WINDMAN  BROTHERS 
3325    Union    Pacific  Avenue 
Los  Angeles  23.  Calif. 
Personnel:  Irving  Windman,  gen.  mgr.* 
Murray  Windman.  prod,  supt.:  Samuel 
Windman,  tooling  supt.;  Philip  Wind- 
man, gen.  supt. 

WINDSOR  TOOL  &  DIE  LTD. 

575  Langlois  Avenue 
Windsor,  Ontario,  Can. 

Personnel:  Ernest  B.  Lane.  gen.  mgr.; 
C.  M.  Lossing.  sales  mgr.;  Cart  Dos'er, 
plant  supt. 

WINNE.  ELSA 

113  W.  23rd  St.,  N.Y..  N.Y. 

WINNER,    LEWIS 

19  E.  47th  St.    N.Y.,  N.Y. 

WINTER  BROTHERS  CO. 
Kendrick  Street 
Wrentham,  Mast. 

Personnel:  John  L.  Cook,  pres.:  A.  O. 
Richter.  treat.:  F.  E.  Youngdahl  gen. 
mgr.;  W.  R.  Crook,  sales  mgr.;  W7  A. 
Addis,  chief  engr.:  George  F.  Gard- 
ner, adv.  mgr.  &  pur.  agent. 

WINTROB,  M.  &  SONS  LTD. 

30-34  Duncan  Street 
Toronto,  Ontario,  Can. 


WIRZ.  A.  H.,  INC. 

2300  West  Fourth  Street 

Chester,    Penna. 

Personnel:    H.   S.    Darlington,    pres.    I 

gen.  mgr.:  M.  K.  Dresden,  treas.  1  dir. 

plastics  research;   R.  S.  Malany.  plant 

engr. 

WISHNICK-TUMPEER.  INC. 
295  Madison  Avenue 
New  York.  N.Y. 

Iranch  Offices:  Boston;  Chicago;  Cleve- 
land. 

WOBURN  DECREASING  CO.  OF 
N.  ). 

Harrison,   NJ. 

WOLVERINE  PLASTIC  STUDIO 
109   South    Howard   Street 
Lansing  3,  Mich. 
Personnel:  H.  E.  Renand,  owner. 

WOOD  FLOUR.  INC. 

Winchester.    N.H. 

Personnel:  Hervey  C.  Jack,  pres. 

WOOD.  R.  D.  COMPANY 

400  Chestnut  Street 
Philadelphia  5,   Penna. 

WOODRUFF  COMPANY,  THE 
Div.   Auburn    Button  Workt,    Inc. 
Auburn,    N.Y. 

Iranch     Offices:     Cambridge,     Mass.- 
Chicago:  New  York. 
Personnel:  E.  M.  Woodruff,  gen.  mqr.- 
M.  R.  Turrell,  chief  engr.;  A.  G.  Pen- 
choen,  pur.  agent. 

WOODWORTH,  N.  A.  CO. 
1300  E.  Nine  Mile  Road 
Detroit  20,  Mich. 

Personnel:  N.  A.  Woodworth,  ores.; 
Verne  Anderson,  secy.  &  treas.;  Ralph 
Kramer  sales  &  adv.  mgr.- Goo.  Hoh- 
wartl  chief  engr.'  A.  R.  Gloster,  dir. 
public  relations;  E.  P.  Gallagher,  pur. 
agent. 

WORCESTER    MOULDED    PLAS- 
TICS CO. 

8  Grafton  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Branch  Office:  17  E.  42nd  St.,  New 
York. 

Export  Dept.:  40  Broad  St.,  New  York. 
Personnel:  Philip  J.  Graham,  pres.; 
Horace  Gooch,  trees.  &  sales  mgr.; 
Francis  L.  Graham,  pur.  agent. 

WORMLEY.  EDWARD  J. 
270  Park  Avenue,  N.Y.  17.  N.Y. 
Personnel:  Albert  C.  Hagmayer,  asso- 
ciate. 

WORTHINGTON   PUMP  &  MA- 
CHINERY CORP. 
Harrison,  NJ. 

Branch  Offices:  All  principal  cities. 
Personnel:  C.  E.  Searle.  ores.;  H.  C. 
Ramsey,  exoc.  vice-ores.;  C.  N.  Berney. 
vice-pres.  &  secy.;  E.  J.  Schwenhausser. 
vice-pres.  in  charge  sales:  H.  A.  Bel- 
lows, treas.;  J.  J.  Symmersby.  gen. 
sales  mgr.  Si  asst.  vice-pres.;  J.  C. 
Barnaby  &  P.  Diserent,  constr.  engr.; 
A.  L.  Davis,  adv.  mgr.;  C.  Reynell. 
pur.  agent. 

WRIGHT  MFG.  DIVISION 
American  Chain  &  Cable  Co..  Inc. 
York,  Penna. 
Personnel:  C.  B.  Veil,  tales  mgr. 

WRIGHT,  RUSSEL 

7  Park  Avenue.  N.Y.,  N.Y. 

WURLITZER,  RUDOLPH  CO. 
105  Wett  Adamt  Street 
Chicago,  III. 
•ranch  Office:  De  Kalb.  III. 


jet:   R.   C.   Rolfing.   ores.:  Cyril 

Farny.  viee-p'«.  1  mgr.;  E.  C.  Sloan, 
dir.  plastics  research;  E.  H.  Maurer, 
pur.  agent. 

YALE  *  TOWNE  MFG.  CO.,  THE 

Philadelphia  Division 

4530  Tacony  St. 

Philadelphia  24,  Penna. 

Personnel:    James    C.     Morgan,     gen 

mgr  •  C.   S. 

J.    S.    Mc- 


mgr.:  S.  W.  Gibb.  tales  mgr  •  C.  S. 
Schroeder.  chief  engr.;  J.  S.  Me- 
Cullough.  adv.  mgr.;  W.  I.  Crostland. 


YARDLEY  PLASTICS  COMPANY 

142   Parsons  Avenue 

Columbus    IS,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Frederick  I.  Hill  Jr.,  owner; 

Charles  A.   Ebner.  gen.  A  tales  mgr,; 

Joseph    Demert,    prod,   mgr.;   W.   Gun- 

nerson,   pur.   agent;   Frank   j.   Kehoun. 

prod.   engr. 

YOH.  H.  L  CO. 

321   Chestnut  Street 
Philadelphia.   Penna. 

Personnel:  H.  L.  Yoh,  owner;  F.  G. 
Birkhead,  chief  engr. 

YORK  PLASTIC  INDUSTRIES 
604  King  Street.  West 
Toronto,  Ontario.  Can. 

Personnel:  R.  A.  Kirk  I  A.  McGhee. 
partner*. 

YORK  RESEARCH  CORP. 
63  Park  Row 
New  York   7.   N.Y. 
Personnel:   Hoi  omb  York,  pres.:   Rob- 
ert  C.    Read,   exec,   vice-pres.;    Ernest 
W.     Schliaben.     vice-pres.     in     cherge 
engr.:    Marvin    Schneider,   exec.   engr. 
plastics  div.;  Warren  C.   Hyer    dir.  in- 
dustrial   research:    J.    Knox    Tillotton. 
dir.   laboratories. 

YOUNG  &  BERTKE  CO. 

1040  Hulbert  Avenue 
Cincinnati  14,  Ohio 
Personnel:    P.   C.   Young,    pres.:   Geo. 
Roeiel,  gen.  mqr.;  W.  C.  Phelps,  dir. 
public   relations. 

YOUNG  BROS.  CO. 

6500  Mack  Avenue 

Detroit  7,  Mich. 

Irench    Offices:    Chicago;    Cleveland: 

New  York. 

Personnel:  V.  A.  Fox,  pres. 

YOUNGSTOWN-MILLER  CO. 

Sandusky,  Ohio 

Personnel:  Reaves  E.  Strobe),  tales  mgr. 

ZAPON  DIVISION 
Atlas  Powder  Company 
Stamford.  Conn. 

Personnel:  Leland  Lyon,  prei.:  J.  K. 
Weidig.  gen.  mar.;  J.  M.  Howard, 
sates  mgr.:  John  Swenehart  dir.  adv.  & 
public  relations;  Leonard  Richards,  dir. 
pur. 

ZAPON-KERATOL  DIVISION 

Atlat  Powder  Compeny 
Stamford,  Conn. 

Personnel:  Leland  Lyon,  pret.;  J.  K. 
Weidig,  gen.  mgr.;  F.  L.  Ford.  dir. 
sales;  John  Swenehart,  dir.  adv.  ft  pub- 
lic relations:  Leonard  Richardt.  dir. 
pur. 

ZENITH  PLASTICS  COMPANY 
1011    Power  Avenue 
Cleveland,   Ohio 

Personnel:  F.  N.  Acker,  owner;  James 
Eatly,  vice-ores.;  J.  W.  Wursthom. 
secy.  I  treat.;  W.  E.  Taylor,  gen.  supt. 

ZINSSER  a.  COMPANY.  INC. 
Railroad  Avenue 
Hastingi-on-Hudson  6,  N.Y. 

Personnel:  J.   L   lerston,   tvet.:   R.   J. 
Perry,  vico-pres.   *  gen.   mgr.:   H.  W. 
Dinqee.  vice-pres.  1  tales  mgr.;  H.  T. 
Staber,  secy.,  treat,  ft  pur.  ao- 
Burger,  dir.  research  ft  chief  chemist. 

ZIPPY  CORPORATION 

1016    First    Avenue,   South 

Seattle  4.   Wash. 

Personnel:    C.    A.    Fredrkbon.    pret.. 

gen.   ft  sales   mgr.;   M.  V.   McCerron. 

secy.;  John  W.  Meloney.  treat.;  C.  L. 

Strtempget,  chief  engr. 

ZIV  STEEL  t  WIRE  CO. 
2945  Wett  Herriton  Street 
Chicago   12,   III. 

tranches:  1314  S.  Rockland.  Calumet 
Mich.;  14*41  Mavert  Rd..  Detroit;  420 
W.  South  St..  Indienepolit:  3711  W 
Highland  flvd.,  Milwaukee;  1417  N 
Seventh  St.,  St.  Louis. 

ZOLLINGER.  ALBERT 

1245  Werren  Avenue 

Downert  Grove.   IK. 

Nrionnil;  Albert  Zollinger.  owner;  W. 

6.  Keffer.  gen.  mgr. 


\«  \  i>  r>u    ini 


i»  i     i   ^   i    i  /    k. 


191  n 


Trade  Names 

The  following  list  of  trade  names  is  intended  to  serve  as  a 

guide  by  which  the  reader  can  associate  products  and  their 

manufacturers.   It  covers  basic  plastics  materials,  fillers  and 

plasticizers,  but  no  finisher,  or  finished  products. 


TRADE  NAME  MANUFACTURER 

Abalyn Hercules  Powder 

Abopon Glyco  Producta 

Acelold American  Cellulose 

Aceglus American  Cellulose 

Adheso  Wax Glyco  Products 

Allymer RtUburgh  Plate  Glass 

Alvar ShawinlRan 

Amberllie  I  R Resinous  Products 

Amer-glo Celanese  Plastic* 

Amerold American  Plastics 

Aquallte National  Vulvanized 

Aqualube Glyco  Products 

Aquapearf Catalin 

Aquaplex Resinous  Products 

Aauaresin Glyco  Products 

Arochem     .  .    .  StroocV  A  Wittenberg 

Alovir 

Bakelite Bakelite 

Beckopo) Reichhold 

Beckosol Rrichhold 

Beetle American  Cyanamid 

Benallte Masonite 

Benalold Masonite 

Butacit* du  Pont 

Caffelite Caff  elite 

Cardolite Irvington  Varnish 

Curterite DUperaion  Products 

Catahond CaUlin 

Catalln Catalin 

Catapak 

Celite Johna-Manville 

Cellophane du  Pont 

Cellucraft Detroit  Macoid 

Celluloid Celanese  Plastics 

Cel-O-Glas* du  Pont 

Celoron Continental  Diamond 

Chemaco Chemical 

Clbanlte Cib» 

Clnelin Cinelin 

Clair  detune Celanese  Plastics 

Cloisonnette Gemloid 

Clover Clover 

Codite  Continental-Diamond 

Cole-MoHre Vulcanized  Rubber 

Colfite ...  Formica  Insulation 

Color-SlrIpe Clovtr 

Coltnck Colt's  Patent  Fire  Arms 

Coltwood Coif*  Patent  Fire  Arms 

Columbia  Resin Columbia  Chem. 

Div.,  Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass 

Complac Poinsettia 

Oompo-Glass Compo-Site 

Copene Neville  Co. 

Cordfll Rayon  processing 

Co-Ro-Fdt Columbian  Rope 

Co-Ro-Ule Columbian  Rope 

Cotacord Freydberg  Broe.-Straus* 

Cotatlpe Freydberg  Bros.-Strausa 

CruverllW Cruver  Mfg. 

Crystal-Pak Transparent  Specialties 

Crystal-X Croasdale  4  De  Angclis 

Cryttolon Norton 

Cunur Barrett  Div.,  Allied  Chemical 

Cycleweld Chrysler 

Dens-Tech Technical  Plywood 

Diamond Continental-Diamond  Fibre 

Diamond  Fiber.  .Continental-Diamond  Fibre 

Diamond  "P"  Products Diamond  Plastic 

Dicalite The  Dicalite  Co. 

Dllectene Continental-Diamond  Fibre 

Dllecto Continental-Diamond  Fibre 

Oipentek Heyden  Chemical 

Di  Polymer Weller  Chemical 

Dispersite Dispersions  Process 

Dracket  HI Dracket 

Dulux Resinous  Products  &  Chemical 

Duraloy Detroit  Paper  Producta 

Dura  mold Haskelite 

Duraplsx Resinous  Products  it  Chemical 

Dura-Seal Bentex  Corp. 

Durei Durn  Plastics  &  Chemicals 

Durlta Durite  Plastics 

Durocer Glyco  Products 

Eastman  acetate  sheet Eastman  Kodak 

Ebrok Richardson  Co. 

Ecolac Maas  &  Waldstein 

Enametoid  Cloisonne Gemloid 

Estsnl Paramet  Chemical 

Ethocel Dow  Chemical 

Ethofoll Dow  Chemical 

Etfwx Ohio-Apex 

Exelon American  Denture 

Excelsior Binney  &  Smith 

Fsbr Ifil Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I. 

Fabrtt Textileather 

Falkalold Falk  Co. 

Falkyd Falk  Co. 

Farlite Farley  &  Loetschar  Mfg. 

Farlits  Compreg Farley  &  Loetscher  Mfg. 

Fedralite Gillette  Fibre 

Fibreglas Owens-Corning  Fiberglaa 

Fiberiae Monsanto  Chemical 

Flbestos Monsanto  Plastics 

Filftoc Rayon  Procesaing 

FlexoWuC Glyco  Products 

Plexol Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals 


TRADE  NAME  MANUFACTURER 

Flexoresln Glyco  Product* 

Forestlte Burnet 

Fornwlln National  Plastic  Products 

Formica Formica  Insulation 

Formrlte Anacostic  Tile 

Fyber-Tech Technical  Ply-Wood* 

"G"  Resin Neville 

Gala George  Morretl 

Galom George  Morrell 

Garit Garfield  Mfg. 

G»lva Shawinigan  Products 

Gemflei Oemloid 

Gemlike...  Gemloid 

Gemloid Gemloid 

Geimtone A.  Knoedl 

Geimfcxie  M.1.2 A.  Knoedler 

Geon Goodrich  Tire  &  Rubber 

Gllsonire Barber  Asphalt  Corp. 

Glaseal American  Hard  Rubber 

Glaurin Glyco  Products 

Glucarine  B Glyco  Products 

Glyceryl  Laurate  S Glyco  Products 

Glyceryl  Monostearete  S Olyco  Products 

Glyceryl  Phthalate  S Glyco  Products 

Glyptal General  Electric 

Gummon Garfield  Mfg. 

H-Scale Celanese  Plastic* 

H«|OW«X .     ll:,]o 

HaekaMt* Haskelit* 

Haveg Haven 

Haydenlte Stanley  Chemical 

Hemlt Garfield 

Hercoh/n Hercules  Powder 

Heixulold  Hercules  Powder 

Hereslte  M66 Hernite  &  Chemical 

Horeo  X Hodgman  Rubber 

HyeoMd Hygienic  Tube  &  Container 

Hydan Parkwood 

Hydronite U.  P.  Gypsum 

Hydroresln  A Glyco  Product* 

Hy-Flex Irvington  Varnish  &  Insulator 

Imperial  Ester Hercules  Powder 

Inceloid American  Products 

Inderon Olympic  Plywood  Co. 

Buffelen  Lumber  *  Mfg.  Co. 

Washington  Veneer  Co. 

Wheeler-Os«>od  Co. 

Indur Reflly  Tar  4Chenucal 

Insulate .Insulation  Mfg. 

Insurok Richardson 

Insyn Industrial  Synthetics 

Irv-O-Ute.       Irvington  Varniah  &  Insulator 

Ivaleur Celane*  Celluloid 

Ivl-Flex Irvington  Varniah  *  Insulator 

Joanite Lapin  Product* 

Kapsol Ohio-Apex 

Karvedwood Burwood  Product* 

K*stan PolyResin. 

Kellite Kellogg  Switchboard  &  Supply 

K.E.M. Matalot 

Kern  Bakolescent  Sherwin-Williams 

Kem  Ptastlt* Sher«  in-Wil]  bms 

Kern-Pol Sherwin- William* 

Ketonona American  Cyanamid 

Kimpreg Kimberly-Clark 

Kodalold Eastman  Kodak 

Kodapak  .     Eastman  Kodak 

Kokobaee Metasap  Chemical 

Kopol ReichhoU  Chemical* 

Korogel Goodrich 

Korolac Goodricn 

Koron...  Goodrich 

Kosmos  1.  3xb.BB.F4 Weller  Chemical 

Katophene Poly  Resins 

KP23 Ohio- Apex 

KP120..  Ohio-Apex 

KP140 Ohio-Apex 

Kronisol  Ohio-Apex 

Kronltex Ohio-Apex 

Kys-lte Keyes  Fibre 

Ucanite Consolidated  Molded  Products 

Lamatex Will*  &  Robert*  Plastic  Mfg. 

Lamboy Ilasticraft  Associates 

Laminae American  Cyanamid 

Lamaphene Poly  Resins 

Union  Fabrics J.H.  Lane 

Uuxlte I.  F.  Laucks 

Lewlsol Hercules  Powder 

Llgnolite Marathon  Chem. 

Undol Celanese  Plastic* 

Loabond Catalin 

Loalln Catalin 

Louvreglas Ivan  T.  Johnson 

Lucldol Lucidol  Corp. 

Luclplex Great  American  Color 

Lucite E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Lumapan* Celanese  Plastics 

Lumarith CeUneae  Plastic* 

Lumarith.  Aero  Quality Celanese  Plastics 

Lumarith  E.  C Celanese  Plastics 

Lumarith  Clair  de  Lune Celanese  Plastics 

Lumarith  Protectoid Celanese  Plastics 

Luperco  A Lucidol  Corp. 

Luperco  AC Luridol  Corp. 

Lusteroid Lusteroid  Container 

Lustron Monsanto  Plastics 


TRADE  NAME  MANUFACTURER 

MR-1. 1A,  17A.  17B Marco  Chemicals 

MIC Molded  Insulation 

Macite Manufacturers  Chemical 

Makalot Makalot 

Marblette Marhlette 

Marco-lit* Continental  Can 

Marvinol Martin  Plastic  Research  Labs. 

Maerlmaid Mearl  Corp. 

Melmac American  Cyanamid 

Melocol .  Ciba 

Melopas Ciba 

Melurac  Melamine American  Cyanamid 

Mersol New  England  Alcohol 

Metalit* Behr-Manninfi 

Metalite Gemloid 

Metasap  Aluminum  Ste.-rate 

Metasap  Chemical 
Metasap  Calcium  Stearate  Metasap  Chemical 

Methocel Dow  Chemical 

Methox Ohio-Apex 

MIC Molded  Insulation 

Mlcabond Continental  Diamond  Fibre 

Mlcanlte Mica  Insulator 

Micarta Weetinghouse  Electric  i  Mfg. 

Micoid Mica  Insulator 

Mills-Plistk Elmer  E.  Mills 

Mirasol Carbogen  Chemical 

Mlr-Con Detroit  Paper  Producta 

Moldarta Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg. 

Mycalex.  .General  Electric  (Pittsfield.  Masa.) 

Naftolen Wilmington  Chemical 

National  Vulcanized  Fibrp 

National  Vulcanized  Fibre 

Neillite Watertown  Mfg. 

Nelco Weller  Chemical 

Neo  Spectra Binney  &  Smith 

Nevlllac Neville  Co. 

Neville  Resin  Neville 

Nitron Monaanto  Chemical 

Mxonlt* Nixon  Nitration  Works 

Nixonold Nixon  Nitration  Works 

Nopco  2087-X National  Oil  Products 

Nopco  20«7-V National  Oil  Product* 

Nopco  10(0 National  Oil  Producta 

Nortoe Bakelite 

Noraplast. .  Northern  Regional  Research  Lab. 

Nortee Norton  laboratories 

Nuba Neville 

Ny-Ut* Ny-Lit« 

*Nylon  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemour* 

Ohmoid Wilmington  Fibre  Specialty 

Okon American  Hard  Rubber 

P.A.C E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

PHD Neville 

PVA E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Palaton* Scnwab  &  Frank 

Panelyte I'anelyte  Div.,  St.  Regis  Paper 

Bell  Telephone  Lab.,  N.  Y. 

Neville 

Paramet  Chemical 

Paramet  Chemical 

Paraplex Resinous  Product*  it  Chemical 

Para-Shield Paragon  Molded  Plastics 

Parkwood Parkwood 

Parkwood  Textolite General  Electric 

Peacotex Peacock  Plastic 

Peartplast Injection  Molding 

Peerless National  Vulcanised  Fibre 

Pentaciien Heyden  Chemical 

Pent*lyn-G Hercules  Powder 

Pentamulls Heyden  Chemical 

Pentek Heyden  Chemical 

Pertlex Pierce  Plastics 

Permalon Pierce  Plastics 

Petrex Hercules  Powder 

Phemalold Haskelite  Mfg. 

Phenac American  Cyanamid 

Phonal American  Resinous  Chemical 

Pnenester Neville  Co. 

Phenlte American  Resinous  Chemical 

Phenolite National  Vulcaniied  Fibre 

Phenoprej Detroit  Wax  Paper 

Piccolyte..  .Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chemical 

Plccoly  te  Resins Weller  Chemical 

Piccoumaron 

Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chemical 

Piccoumaron  Resins Weller  Chemical 

Pinko Hummel-Roes 

Plasgon Samuel  Cabot 

Plaskon. .  .Plaskon  Div.,  Libbey-Owene-Ford 
Plaskon  Melamine 

Plaakon  Div.,  Libbey-Owens-Ford 

Plasfacel* E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Plastalloy Henry  Disston  &  Sons 

Plaaticlzar  S Dow  Chemical 

Plasttelzer  6 Dow  Chemical 

Plastlclzer7 Dow  Chemical 

Plastlcoll Schwab  A  Frank 

Plastiktrlm R.  D.  Werner 

Plastlllte Wilson  Metal 

Plastlne. Sillcocks-Miller 

Plastln  PlasticFilm 

PlastJtool Plastitool  Engineering 

Plastex Plastex  Corp. 

Plastlbraid Schwab  &  Frank 

Ptastlceramlc Pnntloid 

Plastic  foam Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber 

Plasticlzer  E Hooker  Electrochemical 

Plasti-Color Southern  Plast'es 

Plastlc-On-Edge Nat:onal  Plast'c  Prod*. 

Ptatidu* Schwab  &  Frank 

Plastlkflex R.  D.  Werner 

Plastlk  Foil Peerless  Roll  leaf 

Plastlknlt Schwab  &  Frank 

Plastlkrod R.  D.  Werner 

Plastlktube B.  D.  Werner 

'Originally  a  trade  name  but  released  by  du 
Pont  for  general  use. 


TRADE  NAME  MANUFACTURER 

Plastltube Schwab  i  Frank 

Pljstlweave Schwab  &  Frank 

Plastone-A Nst'onal  Plastics 

Plastone-B National  Plastics 

Plastplate Michigan  Molded  Plastics 

Plastrlm Michigan  Molded  Plastics 

Plastube Southern  Plastics 

Plax Plax 

Plax  Methacrylate Plax 

Plax  Polysterene Plax 

Plexiglas Rohm  and  Haas 

Plexiulo McAleer  Mfg. 

Plexigum Rohm  &  Haas 

Plexon Freydbere  Bros.-Strauss 

Plioflex Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber 

Plitex  . .  .Hood  Rubber  Div.,  B.  F.  Goodrich 

Poly-tint Wilmington  Chemical 

Plymetl Haskelite  Mfg. 

Plymold Haskelite  Mfg. 

Plyophen Reichhold  Chemicals 

Ply-Tech Technical  Ply- Woods 

Polectron 

General  Aniline  &  Film,  Patent  Dept. 

Polyamide  ED General  MUIs 

Polyflex Plax 

Poly-Pale Hercules  Powder 

Polypentek Heyden  Chemical 

Polythene E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemour* 

Preg-Tech Technical  Plywood 

Pregwood Formica  Insulation 

Prestite Weetinghouse  Electric 

Print-Cote Printloid 

Proteflex Glyco  Product* 

Proxmelt Pyroxylin  Product* 

Prystal Catalin 

PVA E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Pyraheel E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Pyralin E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Quakersol  Pennsylvania  Alcohol  &  Chemical 

Raytellics Rayon  Procesaing 

Real  wood Formica  Insulation 

Resimene Monsanto  Plastics 

Reslnox Monsanto  Plashes 

Resin-X -Crepe Cincinnati  Industrie* 

Resisto Celanese  Plastics 

Reslstoflex Reaistoflex 

Resistoflex  PVA Reautoflex 

ResproM Reepro 

Rexenlte Rex 

Rtxtrude Rex 

Reziwood I.  F.  Laucks 

Rlegel-X Riegel  Paper 

Rivtex Hood  Rubber 

Ryerclte Jo*.  T.  Ryeraon 

Ryertex Joa.  T.  Ryerson 

Safety  Samson Celaneee  Plastics 

Saflex Monaanto  Plastjcs 

Samson Celanese  Plastics 

Sandee Sandee  Mfg. 

Sandeeco Sandee  Mfg. 

Santolite Monaanto  Chemical 

Saran Dow  Chemical 

Shellerhe Sheller  Mfg. 

Sight-craft Smoot-Holman 

Slmco SillcocM-MUler 

SOA. Niacet  Chemical 

Soplasco Southern  Plastics 

SpsuMlte Spaulding  Fibre 

Striamold Carter  Producta 

Striatube Carter  Products 

StructomoM McDonnell  Aircraft 

Styraloy  22, 22A Dow  Chemical 

Styramic Monsanto  Chemical 

Styron Dow  Chemical 

Sundora E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours 

Sunex American  Phenolic 

Superba Binney  &  Smith 

Super-Floss Johns-Manville 

Synflex  Industrial  Synthetics 

Synflex  FT-1 1 Industrial  Synthetics 

Synthane. Syntbane 

Syntholvar Varflex 

Synvaren Synvar 

Synvarol Synvar 

Taylor. . .  Taylor  Fibre 

Tejlt Farfield  Mfg. 

Tejo Resinou*  Products  &  Chemicals 

Tenlte  I Tennessee  Eastman 

Tenlte  II Tennessee  Eastman 

Tensulated Tensolite  Corp. 

Textileather TextUeather 

Textolite General  Electric 

Thermocast Hercules  Powder 

Thermoplax Cutler-Hammer 

Transflex ...   .  Irvington  Varniah  &  Insulator 

Trustlte 

Tulox. Extruded  Plastics 

Tygon  F U.S.  Stoneware 

Tygon  T U.  S.  Stoneware 

Tygonlte ' U.S.  Btoneware 

Uclnlte Ucinite 

Unlplast Univerea!  Plastic" 

Urac American  Cyanamid 

Vallnlte Virginia  Lmcoln 

Valite Valentine  Sugars 

Vanadiset Wilson  Carbon 

Varcum Varcum  Chemical 

Velon Firestone  Industrial  Prods. 

Vermont Vermont  Talc 

Vlnal Pittsburgh  Plat*  Glass 

Vlnylite Bakelite 

Vinylseal   Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals 

Vinyon Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals 

Viollte Rhode  Island  Laboratories 

Vuepak Monsanto  Plastics 

Vue-LJte Monaanto  Plastic* 

Vulcold Continental  Diamond-Fibre 


322 


PLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


Plastics  Products 

I  Co.f  (...<«  from  pay,   HI  I 


Snake  bit*  k!h 
Kirk.  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Mutic  and  Rubber  Product!  Co. 

Soap  boxes,  dishes,  dispensers 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
Amos  Molded  Plastics  Div. 

Amen  Thompson  Corp. 
BclipM  Molded  Products  Co. 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 
Jamison,  H. 

Kirk.  F.  I.  Molding  Co. 
Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 
Martmdcl!  Molding  Co. 

!Pereles  Bros.,  Inc. 
Plastal  Specialties  Company 
Plastic  Holding  Corp. 
Reliable  Plastics 

Div.  Reliable  Toy  Company 
Superior  Plastics  Co. 
Tit-United  Plastics  Corp. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Spheres 
American  Optical  Company 

Spool  rack 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Spoons 

Bolta  Plastics,  Ltd. 
Git*  Molding  Corp. 
Plastic  Mfg.  Co.  of  California 
Plastimold  Inc. 
Mr-It 
Wecolite  Company 

Sports  goods 
Allied  Aviation  Corp. 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
Nosco  Plastics  Div. 

National  Organ  Supply  Co. 
Peerless  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 
Sobenite.  Inc. 
Wilcox  Plastics  Molding  Co. 

Stampings 
Kirby  Company,  The 

Slid*  rules 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 


Stationery  items 
Accurate  Molding  Corp. 
Baff  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 

Steering  wheels 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Stencil  brushes  and  pencils 
Compression  Mold.  Co.  of  St.   Louis 

Sterilizers 
Raymond  Laboratories  Inc. 

Stirrers,   beverage 
Bolta  Plastics.   Ltd. 
Cruver  Mfg.  Co. 
Spir-it 

Storage  batteries 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Store  display  fixtures 
House  of  Plastics 
Scheuer  Manufacturing  Co. 
Steiner   Manufacturing  Co. 
Tray-Ware  Manufacturers 

Stove  handles 
American   Insulator  Corp. 
Gibbs  Manufacturing 
Grinoleit  Co. 

Imperial  Molded  Product*  Corp. 
National  Lock  Co. 

Stove   parti,  accessories 

Reinhold-Geiser  Plastic* 
Wilcox  Plastics  Molding  Co. 

Sugar  servers 
Federal  Tool  Corp. 
Imperial   Molded   Products  Corp. 

Sunglasses 
Athol  Comb  Co. 
Bolta  Plastics,  Ltd. 
Columbia  Protektosite  Co..  Inc. 
Foster  Grant  Co.,  Inc. 
Hermant,  Percy,  Limited 
Wintrob,  M.  &  Sons  Limited 


Surgical  appliances 
Infersoll  Plastic*  Co. 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Rcinhold.  F.  E.  Mfg. 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Co. 

Surveying  instrument  parts 
Bakoring,   Inc. 

Switchboard  panels 
Glass.  Harry  H.  &  Brother 

Switches 
Square  "D"  Co. 
Waterbury  Companies,   Inc. 

Syringes 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Table  tops 

Beck.   I.  &   Son*,   Inc. 
Day*trora  Corporation 
Farley  &  LoeUcher  Mfg.  Co. 
Parkwood  Corporation 
West  Coast  Industries 

Tables  and  tableware 
Hale  Brothers  Limited 
Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 
Neo-A  Corp. 

Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co. 
Plastics,  Inc. 

Tableware  sets,  children's 
Bolta    Plastics    Ltd. 
Pacific  Flattie  Prod.  Co. 

Tag* 

Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 
Printloid  Inc. 
Zippy   Corporation 

Tank  linings 

Udylite   Corporation,   The 
Tapes 

Industrial  Tape  Corporation 
International   Plastic   Corporation 
Iryington    Varnish    &    Insulator    Co. 
Mica  Insulator  Company 

Teething  rings,  pacifiers 
Voges  Manufacturing  Company,  The 

Telegraphic  equipment 
Imperial  Molded  Product*  Corp. 

Telephone  parts 
General   Industrie*  Co.,  The 
Kellogg  Switchboard  &  Supply  Co. 
Martfndell  Molding  Co. 


Telescope  parts 
Electroforminc  Company 

Templates 

Felscnlhal.  G.  A  Son* 
Parisian   Novelty   Company 

Terminals,  assemblies 
American  Molding  Co. 
Ansonia  Dock  Co.,  Inc.,  The 
Chicago  Fabricated  Products 
Electronic  Plastics  Company 
Greenhut   Insulation  Company 
Insulation    Mfg.   Co. 
Mavfair  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
Mclnerney   Plastics  Co. 
National  Fabricated  Product* 
New  Plastic  Corporation 
Tingstol   Company 
Waterbury   Companies.    Inc. 

Tatting  eqpt. 
RCA  Victor  Division 

Textile   mach.   parts,  accessories 
American  Hard  Rubber  Co. 
Illini   Molded  Plastic* 
National   Plastics  Inc. 
Plastimold   Inc. 
Southern  Plastic*  Co. 

Thermometers 
Michigan  Molded  Plastics.  Inc. 

Thermometer  cases 
American  Hard  Rubber  Company 
White,  S.  S.  Dental  Mfg.  Co. 

Thimbles 

Accurate  Molding  Corp. 
Dayton  Insulating  Molding  Co. 
Modglin  Co. 
Reliable  Plastic* 
Div.  Reliable  Toy  Company 

TO. 

Continental  Plastic*  Corp. 
National  Plastics  Inc. 
Tile- Tex  Company,  The 

Toilet  articles 
Manner.  S.  A  Co. 
Pan  American   Mfg.  Co. 
Plasti-Mode  Novelty  Co. 

Toilet  seats 

Capac  Manufacturing  Company 
Eclipse  Moulded  Product*  Co. 
Van  Arnam  Manufacturing  Co. 


When  you  find  a  Plastic  Molding  Organization  which  combines 
the  experience  of  an  individual's  lifetime  with  the  equipment  and 
skill  you  expect  to  find  in  the  most  modern  plant,  then  you  have 
discovered  a  most  valuable  ally  for  the  efficient  and  economical 
development  of  your  product. 

Such  an  organization  does  exist.  Note  the  name  NOW  for 
future  reference. 

MARTINDELL  MOLDING  co. 

•      *     I          OLDEN  and  6th  Street  .  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


MARCH   194r, 


fit 


cJLet6     Jain. 


MR.  MANUFACTURER 

Let's  talk  about  your 
machining  plastics  prob- 
lems .  .  .  No  matter  what 
type  plastic  .  .  .  bakelite, 
polystyrene,  dialectene, 
catalin,  lucite.  Plexiglas 
— (tolerances  held  to 
.001  inch). 

Rothco  Products  is 
thriving  on  tough  prob- 
lems. Let's  have  a  chat 
about  yours. 


Rothco  invites  your  inquiries  .  .  .  the 
tougher  the  problem  .  .  .  the  better  we 
like  it  .  .  .  immediate  attention  assured. 


143  North  Sixth  Street,  Philadelphia  6,  Pa. 


Stotdco  SWacfs 


Tool  checks 

Ingwersen    Manufacturing    Company 
Kirk  Plattic  Corporation 

Tool  components 
Injection  Molding  Corp. 
Whyte   Manufacturing  Co. 

Tool  handles 

Barnes,  Ralph  Moulded  Plastics 
Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 
Minnesota  Plastics  Corporation 
Rosenberg  Brothers 
Utah  Plastic  &  Die  Cast  Co.,  Tnc. 
Whitehead  Metal  Products  Company 

Tools 

Art  Plastic  Company 
Jamison,  H. 

New  Plastic  Corporation 
Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 

Toothbrush  cases 
Kirk.  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 
Plastic  Molding  Corp. 
Superior  Plastics  Co. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

Toothbrush  handles 
Allied  Plastics  Co. 
Jamison,  H. 
Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Co. 

Toothbrush  holders 
Gemloid  Corp. 
Plastal  Specialties  Company 

Toothbrushes 

Canadian  Industries  Limited 
Hughes-Atitograf   Brush    Co.,    Inc. 

Towel  racks 

Eclipse  Molded  Products  Co. 
National  Bronze  Studios 

Towel  stands 
Southern  California  Plastic  C». 

Toys  and  toy  parts 
B  W  Molded  Plastics 
Brandenburg.  Melford  F. 
Caldwell  Products,  Inc. 
Claremould  Plastics  Co. 
Clinford  Corp. 

Columbia  Protektosite  Co..  Inc. 
Continental  Plastics  Corp. 
Dillon-Beck  Mfc.  Co. 
Erie  Plastics  Co. 
Franklin  Plastics  Division 

Robinson  Industries,  Inc. 
Frisch.  Arthur  Co. 
Industrial   Specialties,  Inc. 
Tngersoll   Plastics  Co. 
Injection   Molding  Corp. 
Tamiton,  H. 

Ktlgore  Mfg.  Company,  The 
Multi-Products  Tool  Co. 
Nosco  Plastics  Div. 

National   Organ  Supply  Co. 
Nu-Dell  Mfg.  Co. 
OrU  Mfg.  Co.  Inc. 
Plas-Tex  Corf. 
Pyro  Plastics  Company 
Reliable    Plastics   Div.   Rel.   Toy 
Scott.  Geo.  S.,  Mfg.  Co.,  The 
Sewell  Mfg.  Co. 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
Synthetic  Plastics  Corp. 
T-Die  Cast  ft  Molded  Products 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Waterbury    Companies,    Inc. 
Whyte  Manufacturing  Co. 
Woodruff  Company,  The 

Trays 

American  Hard  Rubber  Company 

Camfield  Mfir.  Company 

Clover  Box  ft  Mfg.  Co. 

Compression   Mold.   Co.   of  St.   Louis 

Continental   Plastics  Corp. 

Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 

Forest  Industries  Research  Co. 

General   Plastics  Corporation 

Gerber  Plastics  Co. 

Keyes  Fibre  Company 

Lee,  Oscar 

Maple  Leaf  Plastics  Ltd. 

Michigan  Molded  Plastics,  Inc. 

Neo-A  Corp. 

Plastic  Mfg.  Co.  of  California 

Southern   California   Plastic   Co. 

Tri-United   Plastics  Corp. 

Vargish  and  Company 

Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 

Trim 

Carter  Products  Corporation 
Farley  ft  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
Gt'bbs  Manufacturing 
Kinkead   Industries,   Incorporated 
Werner,  R.  D.  Co.,  Inc. 
Yardley  Plastics  Co. 

Trophies 

California  Plastic  Moulding  Co. 
Van  Norman  Molding  Co. 
Walter,  John  &  Sons  Limited 

Truck  wheels 
Compression  Mold.  Co.  of  St.  Louis 

Tubs 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 


Tumblers 

Davies,  Harry,  Molding  Co. 
Dominion  Plastics  Limited 
Eclipse  Moulded  Products  Co. 
Martindell  Molding  Co. 
Pacific  Plastic  Prod.  Co. 
Plastics  Inc. 
Superior  Plastics  Co. 
Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
Wecolite  Company 

Turret  blisters 
Stack  Plastics  Company 
Swedlow  Aeroplastics  Corporation 

Typewriter   key  covers 
Plastic  and  Rubber  Products  Co. 
Umbrella   handles  and  tips 
Knoedler,  Alphonse  &  Co. 
Musser,  H.   M.,  &  Co. 
Stars  4  Stripes  Plastics  Mfg.  Co. 

Utility  handles 
Kurz-Kasch,  Inc. 

Vacuum  cleaner  parts,  attachments 
Plastic  Molding  Corp. 
Standard  Products  Co.,  The 
Zenith  Plastics  Company 

Valve  poppets 
Hydropack 

Valves,  handles,  wheels 
American  Insulator  Corp. 
Church,  C.  F.  Mfg.  Co. 
Diemolding  Corp. 
Hydropack 

Illini  Molded  Plastics 
Keyea  Fibre  Co. 

Varnish,  paint  resins 
Alkydol  Laboratories,  Inc. 
Allied  Asphalt  ft  Mineral  Corp. 
Cello-Nu  Products 
Cello-Plastic   Chemical   Company 
Chicago  Molded  Prod.  Corp. 
Durez  Plastics  ft  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Durite  Plastics,  Inc. 
Hercules  Powder  Company 
Heresite  &  Chemical  Company 
Jones-Dabney  Co. 
Marblette  Corp. 
Pennsylvania  Industrial  Chem.  Corp. 
Reichhold  Chemicals,  Inc. 
Seibert  Varnish  Company 
Stresen-Reuter,  Fred'k.  A.,  Inc. 
Synthetic  Resins  Ltd. 
Synvar  Corporation 
Wills  and   Roberts   Plastics  Mfg. 
Wilmington  Chemical  Corporation 

Vending  machine  parts 
Sterling  Plastics  Co. 
T  Die  Cast  4  Molded  Products 

Vials,  transparent 
Somerville  Limited 

Vibrators 
Wahl  Clipper  Corporation 

Visors 

Kirk   Plastic   Corporation 
Wall  brackets 

Southern   California   Plastic   Co. 
Wall  coverings  and   panels 
Farley  4  Loetscher  Mfg.  Co. 
Hood  Rubber  Co.  Div., 

Goodrich,  B.  F.  Co. 

West  Coast  Industries 

Washers 

Kirby  Company,  The 
Mclnerney  Plastics  Co. 
Parisian  Novelty  Company 
Printloid  Inc. 
Tingstol  Company 
Zippy  Corporation 

Watch  bands 
Buchsbaum,  S.  &  Co. 

Water  heater  parts 
Reinhold-Geiger  Plastics 

Welder  shields 
S«llstrotn  Manufacturing  Co. 
Utah  Plastic  4  Die-Cast  Co.,  Inc. 

Welding  retainer  parts 
Kuhn  4  Jacob  Molding  4  Tool  Co. 

Whistles 

Butterfield,  T.  F.  Inc. 
Herman,  Percy  Limited 
Plastics,  Inc. 

Windows 

Clover  Box  4  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
Crowe   Name   Plate  4   Mfg  Co. 
Hoosier  Cardinal  Corporation 
Valley  Manufacturing  Co. 
Windshields 
Kirk  Plastic  Corporation 

Wire,   insulated 
Belden  Manufacturing  Company 
Phillips  Electrical  Works  Ltd. 
Precision  Paper  Tube  Co. 
Surprenant  Electrical  Insulation  Co. 

Zippers 
Crown    Fastener   Corp. 


324 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


W  H  AT'S 


^ 


PLASTICS 


"Kron"  Scale  Attachment 

Yale  &  Towne  Mfg.  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  Kron  Unit 
Weight  Cabinet  at- 
tachment has  been  de- 
signed to  fill  industrial 
requirements  for  a 
high  gross  weighing 
capacity  scale  with 
low  and  accurate 
"fractional"  weight 
dial  chart  graduations. 
This  scale  is  equipped 
with  standard  Kron 
dial  mechanism,  swivel 
head,  tare  and  capacity 
beams  and  drop 
weights  to  provide 
greatest  gross  plat- 
form capacity  of  any 
Kale  of  its  type. 

By  rotating  the  han- 
dle on  the  left  of  the 

cabinet  front  from  1  to  7  weight  increments,  each  equivalent  to 
the  dial  chart  capacity  can  be  added  to  the  lever  system  to  in- 
crease the  gross  weighing  capacity  of  the  scale.  The  weight 
increments  are  indicated  in  a  target  on  the  dial  chart  as  they 
are  added  to  the  lever  system.  Flexible  cables  connect  this  tar- 
get to  the  drop  weight  mechanism,  allowing  the  dial  head  to 
swivel  to  any  desired  position. 

For  users  requiring  a  high  gross  weighing  capacity  combined 
with  accurate  "fractional"  weight  readings,  the  gross  weighing 
capacity  of  this  scale  can  be  increased  as  much  as  9  times  for 
heavy-duty  service— with  ease,  simplicity  and  precision,  accord- 
ing to  its  makers. 

Kron  Scales  are  available  for  weighing,  counting,  batching, 
testing,  measuring (196) 


Saran  Monofilament 

National  Plastic  Products  Co. 
Odenton,  Md.  ^ 

To  improve  the  characteristics  of  braided  wire  and  cable 
covers,  oriented  Saran  monofilament  in  smaller  diameters  has 
been  developed. 

This  finer  Saran  filament  is  said  to  possess  properties  un- 
known in  any  other  type  of  material  used  heretofore  for  the 
purpose.  Its  use  as  a  braid  extends  from  a  simple  extension 
cord  to  the  most  intricate  wires  and  cables  used  in  radio  and 
radar  assemblies,  being  especially  outstanding,  according  to  de- 
scription, where  resistance  to  abrasion  is  an  important  con- 
sideration. Fungus-proof,  mildew-proof,  and  having  negligible 
moisture-absorption,  Saran  is  said  to  be  remarkably  durable  and 
comparatively  economical  for  use  on  every  type  of  electrical 
appliance.  It  also  has  a  wide  range  of  color  possibilities . . .  ( 197) 


Preheating  Plastics  Powders 

Moico  Co.,  Inc. 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

A  new  type  of  oven  for  the  preheating  of  thermosetting  plas- 
tics materials.  Its  construction  and  operation  are  briefly  de- 
scrit>ed  as  follows:  A  series  of  cylinders,  holding  sufficient 
quantity  of  plastics  powder  to  make  one  charge,  are  rotated  dur- 
inir  application  of  heat  to  dry  and  preheat  the  material.  Operat- 
ing in  the  manner  of  a  cement  mixer,  the  material  is  agitated,  or 
tumbled,  during  the  heating  process,  bringing  it  to  a  much  higher 


temperature  than  would  be  possible  by  use  of  non-moving  con- 
tainers, except  in  an  induction  oven.  The  device  is  thermo- 
statically controlled  with  electric  heaters. 

The  preheated  material  is  emptied  directly  into  the  molds,  and 
the  cylinders  are  reloaded  and  returned  to  the  rotating  machine 
for  heating  of  the  next  charge. 

Higher  speed  of  molding  cycle,  better  cure  of  material,  re- 
moval of  moisture  which  may  have  been  absorbed,  improvement 
of  flow  characteristics  of  a  material  that  may  have  "stiffened" 
with  age,  and  prevention  (to  a  great  extent)  of  blisters  and 
possible  surface  defects  on  the  parts  molded,  are  listed  as  ad- 
vantages of  this  procedure (198) 


"Preco"  Press 

Preco,  Inc.    ' 

Los  Angeles.  Calif. 

Designed  to  perform  practically  any  small-scale  pressure 
test  or  operation,  this  new  "all  purpose"  Preco  Hydraulic 
Laminating  and  Laboratory  Press  is  said  to  have  speeded  up 
manufacturing  processes  for  a  number  of  war  plants. 

Standing  27%"  high  and 
weighing  200  Ibs,  the  press 
can  be  used  to  mold  plastics, 
wood,  paper,  powdered  met- 
allurgy, synthetic  rubber;  to 
laminate  plastics,  resin  im- 
pregnated wood,  paper  and 
fibre  glass.  It  can  also  be 
used  for  compression  tests; 
gluing  and  glue  tests;  sepa- 
rating liquids  and  solids,  em- 
bossing, coating  electrical 
elements,  making  extrusion 
tests,  and  to  turn  out  plas- 
tics-laminated identification 
cards  and  badges  in  war 
plants. 

An   outstanding  feature  of 
the  press  is   a  specially  de- 
signed   hydraulic    pump    of 
two-stage,   dual-stroke   oper- 
ation by  which  the  operator  can  quickly  engage  the  platens 
and  develop  the  desired  pressure.    A  750- watt  heating  ele- 
ment is  cast  into  each  platen. 

Construction  of  the  press  enables  it  to  hold  set  tempera- 
tures and  desired  pressures  for  sustained  periods  of  time. 
The  pressure  gauge  is  accurately  calibrated  in  platen  pres- 
sure from  0  to  40,000  Ibs.  Any  desired  rate  of  cooling  it 
permitted  by  water  cooling  coils  set  into  each  platen (199) 


To  simplify  for  our  readers  the  task  of  obtaining  de- 
tailed information  regarding  the  new  product!,  proc- 
esses end  trade  literature  described  herein,  PLASTICS 
offers  the  prepeid  pottcerd  inserted  here. 

In  rapidly-moving  timet  such  e<  these,  keeping  up 
with  every  le»e«t  development  in  one't  field  ii  e  "mult. ' 
Wer'f  inietieble  demand  for  swifter  production,  and 
the  competitive  drive  toward  lower  manufacturing 
costs  require  that  all  avenues  leading  to  a  solution  of 
these  problems  be  eiplored  thoroughly. 

Each  item  in  this  «eetion  it  keyed  with  e  number, 
which  should  be  entered  on  the  postcard  to  facilitate 
identifying  the  e«act  product,  process  or  publication 
about  which  information  it  desired. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


Comprehensive  •£•  Authoritative  -fa  Practical 

PLASTICS 
EDUCATION 


The  need  for  thorough,  reliable  plastics  instruc- 
tion is  being  fulfilled  by  Plastics  Industries  Tech- 
nical Institute  through  its  Resident  Training, 
Study  Forums  and  Home  Study  Courses.  These 
courses  were  prepared  by  recognized  plastics  au- 
thorities and  are  based  on  industry  requirements. 
They  encompass  the  various  phases  of  plastics — 
materials,  designing,  molding,  fabricating,  plant 
management  and  merchandising.  Persons  in  the 
plastics  industry,  and  others  to  whom  a  knowl- 
edge of  plastics  is  essential,  are  invited  to  inves- 
tigate these  training  programs. 


Write  Dept.  PL5 


INDUSTRIES  TECHNICAL 
INSTITUTE 


122  E.  Olid  St. 
N.  Y. 


221  N.  UStll*  St. 
CMuge 


IM  S.  Alv«r«do  St. 
Los  Ang«l«s 


1855  "J 


f 

Saturating  Papers 
for  PLASTICS 

W.G.P.  furnishes  saturating  papers 
for  the  impregnation  of  thermo-plastic 
and  thenno-setting  types  of  resins  in 
fluid  form  for  medium  or  high  degree 
of  absorption.  We  can  also  supply 
saturating  papers  in  100%  rag  base 
in  colors.  Manufacturers  of  leather 
substitutes  from  natural  or  synthetic 
rubber  latex  for  consumption  in  the 
luggage  and  shoe  trades  should  in- 
vestigate the  unusual  qualities  of 
saturating  papers  offered  by  W.G.P. 

Sample  sheets  and  rails  trrailable 
in  raiiuui  I 


WALKER -GO!  I.  All  II- PI.KII*-<0. 


ST  NEW  tox  >. »  »  -  won*  >- 


White  Korolac  RX  Solution 
The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

Korolac  RX  solution,  used  in  covering  plating  racks  either 
itself  or  with  Korottal  Tape  RX,  is  now  being  made  in  white  i 
stead  of  the  clear  color  originally  furnished,  it  has  been  a 
nounced  by  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.    Used  as  a  stop-off  lacqu< 
the  white  is  clearly  visible  and  the  operator  can  easily  determi 
what  portions  of  a  part  have  been  masked.    When  covering  m 
plating  racks  the  white  solution  indicates  plainly  whether 
parts  of  the  rack  have  been  covered. 

The  new  white  Korolac  RX  is  described  as  having  the  sar 
chemical-resistant  properties  as  the  clear  type,  and  as  providii 
a  slightly  heavier  coat  per  dip,  giving  a  corrosion-resistai 
tough,  inert  coating  with  good  insulating  properties (2W 


New  Waterproof  Fillet  Cement 

Kindt-Collins  Co. 
Cleveland,  O. 

Because  01 

simplicity  of  ap 

^^^P  cation,  this  new  i 

ment  for  pat 
making  is  said 
save  time  and  1 
in  the  pattern  sho 
and  because  sat 
will  not  stick  to  tl 
edges  of  a  fillet  c 
which  it  has  be* 
used,  it  is  calct 
1  a  t  e  d  to  produr 
better  castings  at 
to  save  time  in  ti 
foundry  cleanin 
room.  Employii 
neither  water  re 
alcohol  as  a  so 
vent,  the  product 

described  as  impervious  to  moisture  and  other  deteriorating  it 
fluences,  and  as  not  being  affected  by  the  heat  of  sand  in  hig 
production  foundries. 

This  new  cement  is  used  for  plastics  fillets,  as  well  as  thoi 
of  leather  or  wood,  and  is  equally  efficient  when  used  on  woo 
or  metal  patterns (201 


New  Hot  Dip  Tank 

Aeroil  Burner  Co.,  Inc. 
Wast  New  York,  N.  I. 

To  meet  the  needs  of  firms  having  small  tools,  parts,  gage 
dies,  etc,  which  they  wish  to  protect  by  means  of  plastics  prt 
tective  coverings  a  small,  tool  room  model  has  been  design* 
by  the  Aeroil  Burner  Co.,  to  provide  such  protection  throug 
the  use  of  a  5-sec  hot  dip  plastics  coating. 

This  new  model,  called  the  Plasl-O-Dip  Model  3.  is 
strutted  on  the  double-boiler  principle  and  is  electrically  heate 
by  means  of  a  1200-watt  specially  designed  immersion  c 
encased  in  a  liquid-proof  cover  with  heating  coils  sealed  withi 
steel  blades.    This  element  delivers  heat  into  an  oil  bath  \vhic 
completely  surrounds  the  inner  vat  containing  the  compoum 
thus  providing  indirect  heat 

Rigid  control  of  temperature,  built-in  dial  thermometer,  an 
extra-heavy  insulation  to  minimize  heat  loss  between  dipp 
operations,  are  features  of  this  new  tank.    Dipping  space  is  16 
by  6}4"  by  6"  deep,  with  approximately  6"  of  the  length 
to  a  separate  melt  section (202 


Coated  Glass  Fabrics 

Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corp. 
Toledo,  O. 

The  first  commercially  available  Fiberglas  fabrics,  coated  01 
one  or  both  sides  with  synthetic  rubbers  or  resins. 

Coatings  employed  to  date  are  Xeoprent,  Koroseol,  and  viny 
resins.  Application  of  a  properly  selected  coating  to  the  glas 
fabric  results  in  a  material  with  high  dimensional  stability  am 
tear  strength,  and  substantially  increased  flexing  resistance.  Un 


326 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


coated  glass  fabrics  are  not  recommended  for  applications  in- 
volving continuous  or  severe  flexing,  but  they  may  be  used 
satisfactorily  under  flexing  conditions  that  would  destroy  an 
ocoated  fabric  by  internal  abrasion. 

Experimental  weaves  have  been  developed  using  I-'ibtrylas 
rams  for  the  warp  and  cotton  yarns  for  the  fill.  The  glass- 
cotton  combination  provides  high  strength  in  one  direction,  with 
the  glass  taking  the  load  and  the  cotton  holding  the  glass  yarns 
in  position. 

Present  uses  of  all-glass  coated  fabrics  include  aircraft  bat- 
tery covtrs.  zippered  boots  for  tanks,  oil  pressure  switch  dia- 
phragms, aircraft  tape  for  expansion  joints  of  hot  air  ducts, 
protective  aprons  for  workers  in  chemical  plants.  Resistance  to 
heat,  acids  or  oils  is  an  important  factor  in  these  applications. 

Suggested  future  uses  include  tents  for  the  armed  forces, 
water  and  gasoline  tanks  and  bags,  delousing  bags,  aircraft 
engine  covers,  pressurized  bags  for  metal  bonding,  carburetor 
diaphragms,  weather-proof  containers  for  delicate  machinery 
and  instruments (203) 


New  Polyamide  Resins 

General  Mills.  Inc. 
MuMapolii,  Minn. 

ew   series   of   alcohol-soluble    resins    for   protective 

coatings  and  heat-sealing  adhesives  is  announced  by  the 

rch  department  of  General  Mills,  Inc.;  the  new  resins 

are  designated  as  Series  ED,  and  are  said  to  be  a  by-product 

of  soya-bean  oil. 

Originally  developed  at  the  Northern  Regional  Research 
Laboratory,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  at  Peoria, 
111.,  under  the  name  of  Norelac,  the  commercial  develop- 
ment of  these  resins  was  carried  out  at  the  Research  Lab- 
oratories of  General  Mills,  Inc.,  with  the  collaboration  of 
the  Northern  Regional  Research  Laboratory. 

The  range  of  suggested  uses  for  these  resins  includes 
such  applications  as  hot  melt  or  solvent  coated  heat-seal- 
ing adhesive  for  food  packaging;  tobacco  pouches,  pack- 
age labels;  spirit  lacquers;  printing  inks;  alkali  resistant 


coatings;  gaskets;  and  can-Mating  compound*.  At  pres- 
ent commercially  available  in  tonnage  quantities  in  three 
forms — Central  Mill}  Polyamide  Retin-llot  Melt  Compounded; 
Central  Mill*  Polyamide  Krtm  Hot  Mtlt  Uneompotmded;  and 
Central  Mill*  Polyamide  Ketin-Sohent  Tyfit  Untomfotmced. 
(204) 


Clutch-Head]Screws  and  Bolts 

United  Screw  &  Bolt  Corp. 
Chicago,  01. 

Recessed-head  screws  and  bolts,  with  special  driver  incorporat- 
ing a  locking  feature  to  permit  one-hand  reaching  and  rapid 
withdrawal. 

While  the  driver  designed  for  the  purpose  should  be  used,  an 
ordinary  screw-driver  will  also  fit  into  the  head,  unlike  other 
types  of  special-head  screw-and-bolt  sets,  thus  facilitating  service 
in  the  field. 

The  company  offers  to  send  by  mail  an  assortment  of  the 
units  used,  together  with  an  illustrated  brochure,  so  that  en- 
gineers, purchasing  agents  and  other  executives  may  personally 
test  the  features  of  the  set 

Engagement  of  the  driver  and  the  screw  or  bolt  is  facilitated 
by  a  straight-walled  driver  design  which  eliminates  end  pressure 
and  the  ride-out  tendency  on  the  drive  home.  Type  "A"  bit  may 
be  restored  to  original  efficiency  in  60  sec  by  grinding  the  end 
surface.  (205) 


Self-Bonding  Flooring 

Continental  Asbestos  Helming  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Can  be  laid  over  old  concrete,  cement,  wood  or  composi- 
tion without  adhesives  or  separate  bonding  agents. 

Known  as  Stonolcum,  the  material  feels  like  rubber  and  is 
said  to  wear  like  stone.  A  unique  colloidal  composition  gives 
it  greater  resistance,  not  only  to  direct  impact  and  load,  but 
also  to  continuous  vibration,  abrasion,  and  other  effects  of 
traffic. 

An  interesting  characteristic  is  the  materials  "self  heal- 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


AMERICAN  MOLDING  POWDER 
&  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

Manufacturers  of: 


CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
MOLDING  POWDERS 

Any  Color  -  Any  Flow 


American  Molding  Powder 
&  Chemical  Corp. 

44   Hewet  Street 
Brook  yn    11,  N.  Y. 

Tel.t   EVer0reen   7-3887 


Laboratory  Press 


Electrically  Heated 
Platens 


Thermostatic  Controlled 


Continuous  Temperature 
Indicator 


S"  Stroke 


11"  Clearance  Between 
Columns 


24,000  Lbs.  Capacity 


The  "W ABASH  HYDRAULIC  PRESS"  is  suitable  for 
small  scale  production  and  experimental  work  in  Plastics, 
Laminating,  Fabrication,  and  many  other  uses. 

Larger  sizes  and  capacities  as  special  equipment. 
Uferafvre  on  requetf 

LABORATORY     SPECIALTIES,     INC. 


WABASH 


INDIANA 


ing"  feature.    Small  holes  in  a  Stonoleum  floor,  such  as  those 
left  when  machines  or  fixtures  are  removed,  disappear  under 
traffic.     The  floor  heals  or  anneals  after  it  has  been  cut.l 
Thus  Stonoleum  is  useful  in  plants  planning  reconversion,  j 
or  where  manufacturing   necessitates  periodic   shifting  of 
equipment.    Stonoleum  floors  are  ready  to  use  within  2  days 
after  being  laid.     No  chipping  or  chopping  is  needed;  no] 
skilled  labor.    Any  plant  handyman  can  apply  it  with  ordi- 
nary leveling  tools (206) 


Skip  Tooth  Band  Saw 

W.  O.  Barnes  Co.,  Inc. 
Detroit,  Mich. 

A  new  Skip  Tooth 
Rand  Saw,  of  special 
design  for  faster, 
easier  cutting  of 
magnesium,  alumi- 
num, soft  brass,  and 
other  non-ferrous 
metals,  and  for  the 
cutting  of  plastics, 
composition,  fibre, 
wood,  etc. 

This  new  saw,  of  hard  edge,  flexible  back  construction  is  de- 
scribed as  providing  greater  chip  clearance  and  being  so  shaped 
as  practically  to  eliminate  loading  and  clogging  of  the  teeth. 
Greater  economy  is  claimed  for  it  because  it  can  be  used  until 
completely  worn  out,  requiring  no  re-sharpening,  hence  minimum 
"down-time." (207) 


X875  Thermex  Red  Head 

The  Girdler  Corp. 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Designed  and  built  especially  as  a  production  unit  for  the 
plastics  molding  industry,  this  new  model  X875  Thermex  is 
described  as  "the  most  compact  high  frequency  heating  unit  yet 
developed."  Distinguished  by  its  brilliant  red  top,  it  has  an  out- 
put of  400  watts,  weighs  only  250  Ibs  and  is  15"  wide,  23"  high 
and  29"  deep (208) 


Plastics  Blind  Rivet 

Victory  Mfg.  Co. 
South  Pasadena,  Calif. 

A  new  plastics  blind  rivet, 
called  Des-Rivet,  permitting 
one-man  operation  and  blind 
fastening,  produced  by  the 
Plastic  Development  Division 
of  the  Victory  Mfg.  Co. 

The  design  of  Des-Rivets 
is  based  on  a  wedging  action, 
and  takes  full  advantage  of 
the  flow  characteristic  of 
plastics  materials  under  pres- 
sure. They  are  molded  in  one 
piece,  consisting  of  a  head 
with  plug  attached  by  a  thin 
breakaway  section  and  a  ta- 
pered shank  split  to  form 
»four  tapered  "fingers,"  the 
shank  and  head  being  hollow  to  the  same  diameter  as  the  plug. 
Des-Rivets  are  applied  by  pressing  the  tapered  "fingers"  into 
a  drilled  hole.  Taper  on  the  outside  diameter  of  the  "fingers" 
reduces  the  inside  diameter  of  the  shank,  the  rivet  and  work 
being  held  in  place  by  pressure  of  the  depressed  "fingers."  Im- 
pact from  rivet  gun  instantaneously  shears  the  plug  and  drives  it 
into  the  plastics  shank  until  the  plug  is  flush  with  both  ends 
of  the  rivet,  maintaining  the  contour  of  the  rivet  head.  Complete 
installation  is  thus  accomplished  in  a  single  operation. 

These  rivets  are  available  in  a  wide  variety  of  shapes  and 
sizes,  in  several  plastics  materials,  including  Nylon,  and  are 
usable  in  numerous  applications  with  metal,  wood  and  plastics 
components (209) 


328 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


literature  Review 


New  Booklet  on  Plasticizers 

Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

The  information  in  this  booklet  should  be  of  interest  to 
those  working  with  adhesives,  solution  coatings,  and  with 
molded,  extruded,  or  calendered  compositions  of  plastics 
and  synthetic  rubber  materials. 

Offered  by  Carbide  &  Carbon  Chemicals  Corp.,  a  unit 
of  Union  Carbide  &  Carbon  Corp.,  the  booklet  contains 
valuable  information  on  important  plasticizers  which  are 
commercially  available,  including  Flexol  plasticizers. 

It  lists  names,  formulae,  physical  properties  and  speci- 
fications, contains  charts  showing  the  compatibilities  of 
these  plasticizers  with  commercial  resins,  and  data  on  their 
performance,  as  well  as  a  discussion  of  the  nature  of 
plasticization,  a  summary  of  the  requirements  for  effective 
plasticizers,  and  a  section  concerning  the  proper  choice  of 
a  plasticizer  for  use  with  various  synthetic  resins  and  syn- 
thetic rubbers (210) 


Chemicals  for  Industry 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

Pocket-size,  this  compact  and  handy  booklet  contains  the  list 
of  chemicals  made  and  sold  by  Hercules  Powder  Co.'s  Cellu- 
lose Products  Department,  types  available,  their  end  uses,  and 
pertinent  packing  and  shipping  information,  such  as  physical 
form  of  each  chemical  as  shipped,  type  of  freight  package,  min- 
imum carload,  and  shipping  point 

It  is  designed  as  an  aid  to  non-technical  as  well  as  technical 
persons  who  are  interested  in  these  products  for  use  in  plastics, 
films,  lacquers,  adhesives,  varnishes,  chlorinated  rubber,  print- 
ing inks,  and  for  the  flameproofing,  waterproofing,  and  weather- 
proofing  of  textiles. 

Chemicals  listed  include  nitrocellulose,  cellulose  acetate,  and 
ethyl  cellulose,  Parian,  Clorafin,  and  CMC  (sodium  carbo- 
xymethylcellulose) (211) 


Design  Data  on  Plastics 

General  Electric  Co. 
Pittslield,  Mass. 

Compiled  and  prepared  especially  for  product  designers,  this 
24-page  booklet  contains  a  wealth  of  detailed  informational 
data  on  design,  materials,  molding  and  general  properties  of 
plastics.  Description  of  technical  services  which  General  Elec- 
tric offers,  and  progressive  operations  in  designing  and  molding, 
are  concisely  and  understandably  set  forth.  Photographs,  tables 
and  charts  illustrate  this  carefully  indexed  booklet (212) 


Bakelite  Resin  Glues 

Bakelite  Corp. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Two  new  booklets  setting  forth  the  properties  and  merits  of 
Bakelite  resin  glues  in  their  various  applications. 

In  a  comprehensive,  8-page  booklet,  the  company  announces 
the  introduction  of  XC-17613 — a  cold-setting  phenolic-resorcinal 
resin  glue  for  wood  bonding,  which  provides  a  maximum  water 
resistance  for  exterior  plywood  applications.  It  is  described  as 
supplementing  the  hot-  and  warm-setting  resin  glues,  and  the 
booklet  explains  formulations,  mixing  procedure,  working  life 
of  glue,  spreading  assembly,  curing,  cleaning,  and  storage. 

Informative  details  on  Bakelite  urea  resin  glues  are  contained 
in  a  12-page  booklet  which  the  company  has  published.  This 
booklet,  well  illustrated,  covers  the  uses  of  these  glues  for  ply- 
wood and  densified  wood,  indicating  purposes  for  which  they 
are  best  suited,  their  particular  advantages,  types  of  equipment 
required  for  their  use,  etc.,  with  a  special  chapter  devoted  to  the 
potential  development  of  the  urea  glues (213) 


"Forging  Ahead  in  Business"  is  a  practical, 
thoughtfully-written  book  with  "punch"  and 
common  sense  on  every  page.  It  carries  a 
message  of  vital  importance  to  every  man  who 
wants  to  make  more  money,  get  a  better  job 
and  improve  his  station  in  life. 


Partial  Contents: 

•  Law  of  Success 

•  Forging  a  Career 

•  Organized  Knowledge 


Highway  ol  Achievement 
Making  Decisions 
Failure  and  Success 


Noted  Contributors 

Among  the  prominent  men  who  have  con- 
tributed to  the  Institute's  training  plan,  which 
is  described  in  "Forging  Ahead  in  Business," 
are:  Thomas  J.  Watson,  President,  Interna- 
tional Business  Machines  Co.;  Clifton  Slusser, 
Vice  President,  Goodyear  Tire  ft  Rubber  Co.; 
Frederick  W.  Pickard,  Vice  President  and 
Director,  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co. 

Simply  return  the  coupon  below,  and  your 
FREE  copy  of  "Forging  Ahead  in  Business" 
will  be  mailed  to  you. 

MAIL  COUPON  TODAY 

ALEXANDER  HAMILTON  INSTITUTE 
Dept.  251,  71  We«  23rd  Street.  New  York  10,  N   Y 
In  CUMfeU  54  Wellington  Street.  West,  Toronto  l.Ont. 
Please  mail  me,  without  cost,  a  copy  of  the  64-pajcc 
book— "FORGING  AHEAD  IN  BUSINESS." 


Name. 


Firm  Name 

Business  Address. 

Position 

Home  Address. .  . 


MARCH  1945 


I*  LAST  I CS 


thermop 


scrap 


BOUGHT 


'  ""win9  f°" 


der  SOLD 


^^^^ 


SELL  US  YOUR  THERMOPLASTIC  WASTE.  Sell  us  re- 
jected molded  pieces  or  obsolete  molding  powders — 
ce/fu/ose  acetate,  cellulose  aceto-butyrate,  polystyrene, 
methyl  methacrylote,  or  po/yviny/  resin. 

WE  SEP4R4TE  4LL  CONTAMINATIONS,  removing  sfee/ 
or  other  mixtures— metal  or  anything  else— and  rework 
and  pfasticiie  the  material  Into  first  class,  ready-to-use 
reprocessed  molding  powder. 

BUY  FROM  US  when  reconditioned  molding  powder  is 
needed  tor  your  process.  You'll  find  our  product  a  trust- 
worthy and  reliable  element.  Contact  us  at  our  modern 
plant,  inquiries  will  receive  prompt  attention. 


Call  or  Write 

Department  P 

44  Hewes  St..  Brooklyn  11.  N.  Y. 
Evergreen  7-3887 
Cable:  Chemprod 


The    MOLDER    Doesn't    Matter 
.  .  .  if  you're  a  PHILANTHROPIST- 


Specializing  in  new  designs 
with  functional  and  visual 
appeal. 


TOOLING 


Highly  skilled  craftsmen 
learned  with  modern 
equipment. 


PRODUCTION 

Up-to-date  equipment  and 
expert  operators  insure  low 
cost  production. 


LIBRARY 


PLASTICS  MOLDS 
By  Gordon  B.  Thayer 

Here  is  a  second  and  considerably  amplified  edition  of  a  lxx>k 
which  appeared  three  years  ago  under  the  title  of  "Plastics  Mold 
Designing."  The  first  edition  filled  a  definite  need  at  that  time, 
but  the  growth  of  the  plastics  industry,  accelerated  by  the  re- 
quirements of  war,  has  been  so  rapid  that  this  second  edition  of 
Mr.  Thayer's  work  contains  much  additional  material  to  bring  it 
abreast  of  new  developments  in  the  field. 

Minute  descriptions  of  procedures  in  the  design,  construction 
and  use  of  plastics  molds  are  handled  in  detail  in  this  compact 
volume.  It  is  amply  illustrated  throughout  with  charts  and 
photographs,  and  the  Nomenclature  of  Plastics  Molding  has  been 
enlarged,  as  has  the  index  which  contains  detailed  cross  refer- 
ences.— American  Industrial  Publishers,  Cleveland,  0.,  136 
pages,  $3.50. 


COMMERCIAL  METHODS  OF  ANALYSIS 
By  Foster  Dee  Snell  and  Frank  M.  Biffen 

This  volume  provides  a  sound  groundwork  in  objectives  of  the 
analytical  chemist,  descriptions  of  apparatus  used  in  analysis, 
methods  of  procedure,  and  many  valuable  suggestions  for  pre- 
liminary steps  in  analysis.  Covers  a  wide  range  of  materials,  in- 
cluding synthetic  plastics  and  synthetic  elastomers,  and  its 
20-page  index  provides  a  means  of  quick  and  easy  access  to  de- 
pendable answers  to  many  questions  of  the  analytical  chemist. 

Procedures  described  include  standard  methods  of  analysis  and 
engineering  societies,  such  as  the  American  Society  for  Testing 
Materials  and  the  Association  of  Official  Agricultural  Chemists. 
—McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  750  pages,  $6. 


COMMERCIAL  WAXES 
Edited  by  H.  Bennett 

A  complete  and  detailed  volume  on  the  various  waxes  and 
wax-like  materials  which  are  used  in  numerous  industries,  deal- 
ing with  all  classes  and  types  of  natural,  manufactured  and  syn- 
thetic waxes,  their  characteristics,  sources,  uses,  etc. 

Of  particular  interest  to  this  industry  is  the  table  of  compata- 
bilities  of  waxes  with  each  other  and  with  resins,  plastics  and 
other  materials,  as  well  as  the  information  on  uses  of  waxes  in 
plastics  molding.  The  book  is  unique  of  its  kind,  and  includes  a 
glossary  of  terms  and  wax  formulary  giving  the  most  useful 
formulae  of  various  commercial  materials  containing  waxes. — 
Chemical  Publishing  Co.,  Inc.,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  583  pages,  $11. 


AIRFRAME  MATERIALS 
By  F.  S.  Stewart,  M.A. 

In  this  introductory  textbook  the  author  discusses  the 
mechanics  of  lightweight  airframe  materials  and  presents 
an  account  of  the  processes  used  to  assemble  them.  De- 
scriptions of  heat  treatment  of  all  the  materials,  and  other 
processes  of  interest,  are  given.  Various  chapters  dealing 
with  the  use  of  plastics  in  this  connection  are  included  in 
the  book,  and  cover  such  topics  as  " — Bending  Limita- 
tion of  Wood,  Plastics  and  Magnesium;"  "Corrosion  of 
Metals  and  Aging  of  Plastics;"  "Cleaning  and  Chemical 
Treatment;"  "Veneers  and  Plywood  Adhesives;"  "Plastics 
Compositions;"  "Transparent  Plastics;"  etc.  Special  at- 
tention has  been  given  to  the  latest  advances  in  the  field. 
There  are  numerous  photographic  illustrations,  sketches, 
graphs,  and  tables  throughout  the  book. 

The  author  is  associated  with  Quality  Division,  Douglas 
Aircraft  Co.,  Inc. — McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.,  237  pages,  $2.50. 


330 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


PROBLEMS  in 


plastics 


ProbUmi  end  questions  may  be  submitted  to 
this  department  for  answering  by  the  techni- 
cal  editors  or  specialists  in  the  industry. 


What  manufacturers  would  have  a  plastics  container  to  of- 
fer, which  would  act  as  a  substitute  for  a  collapsible  metal 
tube  such  as  is  used  for  paints,  cosmetics,  tooth  paste,  etc.? 

F.  W.  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Some  time  ago  the  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.  180  Mad- 
ison Ave.,  New  York  City.,  developed  a  "Lumarith" 
plastics  material  especially  for  the  purpose  of  replacing 
tin,  for  collapsible  tubes.  They  worked  in  collabo- 
ration ivith  Celluplastic  Corp.,  50  Ave.  L,  Newark, 
N.  J.  Either  of  these  firms  will  undoubtedly  be  able  to 
supply  you  with  further  information  and  details  con- 
cerning the  product. 

*    *    * 

i  'an  you  supply  the  name  of  plastics  molders  who  can  fur- 
nish us  with  poker  chips?  K.  L.  B.,  Peoria,  111. 

There  are  a  number  of  companies  which  mold  poker 
chips;  the  following  firms  are  located  nearest  your 
Mfim'/v:  Gits  Molding  Corp.,  4600  W.  Huron  St.,  Chi- 
cago, III.;  Victory  Mfg.  Co.,  1722-24  W.  Arcade  PI.. 
Chicago,  III.;  and  Minnesota  Plastics  Corp.,  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 


Where  can  we  obtain  information  on  how  to  bond  thin  plas- 
tics edgewise  to  metal  in  long  continuous  narrow  strips? 

B.  B.  C,  Chicago,  III. 

A  cycle  weld  process  has  been  developed  by  the 
Chrysler  Corp.,  Detroit,  Mich.,  which  may  be  suitable 
for  the  purpose  about  which  you  inquire.  It  would  be 
advisable  to  get  in  touch  with  Chrysler  Corp.  direct, 
for  detailed  information  in  this  connection. 


We  are  interested  in  purchasing  injection  molding  machines. 
Will  you  please  furnish  us  with  names  of  some  manufacturers 
of  same?  E.  B.  C.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  following  companies  manufacture  the  type  of 
press  in  which  you  are  interested,  and  can  supply  you 
with  information  on  their  products:  Hydraulic  Press 
Mfg.  Co.,  Ml.  Gilead,  Ohio;  Lester  Engineering  Co., 
2711  Church  Ave.,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Reed-Prentice 
Corp.,  677  Cambridge  St.,  Worcester,  Mass.;  Standard 
Tool  Co.,  75  Water  St.,  Leominster,  Mass.;  Watson- 
Stillman  Co.,  Aldene  Rd.,  Roselle,  N.  J. 


Could  you  give  us  the  name  of  a  manufacturer  who  can  supply 
transparent  cellulose  acetate  boxes? 

V.  R.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

The  A.  J.  &  K.  Co.,  50  West  17  St.,  New  York  City, 
trill  probably  be  able  to  supply  you  with  the  type  of 
product  you  desire. 


NOW. . . 

As  Always 

— and  in   fhe  peace-time   era 

Serving  West  Coast 
Industry  With 


VINOLYTE 

LUCITE 

POLYSTRENE 

CELLULOSE 
ACETATE 

ETHYL- 
CELLULOSE 

CELLULOSE 
ACETATE 
BUTYRATE 


in 


EXTRUDED 

PLASTICS 


American  Extruded  Products  Co. — the  west  coasts'  No.  I 
manufacturer  of  extruded  plastic  products  .  .  .  proved  best 
under  all  conditions  .  .  .  manufactured  in  our  own  modern 
plant  .  .  .  complete  with  the  latest  equipment  and  under  the 
direction  of  outstanding  Extrusion  Engineers. 


NOW  IN 
Production 

Extruded  plastics  for 
Aircraft,  Railroads, 
Ship  Building,  Mo- 
tion Picture  industry, 
Manufacturers  .  .  . 
Research  improve- 
ments and  develop- 
ment of  new  prod- 
ucts for  leading  west 
coast  manufacturers. 


HOLLYWOOD  38 


Manufactured  In 
Our  Own  Plant 

2  Acre*  of  Plattict  .  .  .  The 

Largett  Plant  of  Iti  Kind  on 

the  Pacific  Coast. 


1C  you  have  an  intricate  or 
II  complicated  problem  .  .  . 
if  you  are  a  user  of  extruded 
plastics  In  any  form  you  are  in- 
vited to  get  In  touch  with  us 
for  practical  advice  and  sugges- 
tions. Dept.  5. 

American 
Extruded 
Products  Co. 

1001  North  La  Brea  Ave. 
CALIFORNIA 


MARCH  194.-I 


PLASTICS 


MANY  manufacturers  and 
processors  of  plastics,  seeking 
profitable  production  centers 

and  more  customers  for  their  products,  already  have  found 
what  they  were  looking  for  in  the  Central  West  and  South- 
west, served  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Lines. 

And  there's  ample  room  and  opportunity  for  more  pio- 
neers in  this  growing  industrial  area,  abundantly  supplied 
with  basic  raw  materials — both  mineral  and  vegetable — 
and  certain  to  offer  a  bigger  share  of  the  promising  peace- 
time markets  for  plastics. 

You  can  count  on  the  cooperation  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific's  Industrial  Development  Department  when  you 
look  for  a  plant  location  in  the  Central  West  or  Southwest. 
Our  mineral  technologist  and  industrial  engineers  are  at 
your  service.  Special  surveys  to  fit  your  particular  needs 
will  be  made  on  request  and  your  inquiries  handled  in 
strict  confidence. 


Write,  wire  or  telephone  — 

J.  G.  CARLISLE 

Director,  Industrial   Development 

1706  Missouri  Pacific   Bldg. 

St.  Louis  3,  Mo. 


"A  Service  7n»f  Jfufion' 


BUILDERS  OF 

Extrusion  Machines 
Injection 
Compression  and 
Transfer 

Molding  Equipment 
plus  Auxiliaries 

PLASTIC  MOLDING  MACHINERY  DIVISION 


/   PAPER    MACHINERY 
CORPORATION 


NASHUA,     NEW     HAMPSHIRE 


overseas 


By  KENNETH   R.  PORTER 

Mosf/cs'  London  Correspondent 

A  great  deal  of  speculation  is  just  now  going  on  in  Eng- 
land about  the  post-war  uses  of  plastics  materials,  and 
some  sections  of  the  British  press  are  indulging  in  apparent- 
ly limitless  flights  of  fancy  on  the  subject  of  plastics  auto- 
mobiles, airplanes,  houses  and  other  items  at  fantastically 
low  prices. 

British  plastics  experts— well  aware  of  the  manifold  diffi- 
culties facing  the  growing  new  industry,  and  thinking  ahead 
to  post-war  years  of  competition  with  other  raw  materials 
—are  seriously  disturbed  by  the  over-imaginative  publicity 
being  given  the  industry  by  some  too-enthusiastic  writers. 

Moreover,  they  are  thoroughly  mindful  of  the  "boom- 
erang" effects  which  can  be  produced  in  the  minds  of  the 
man  in  the  street  or  the  educated  layman,  by  descriptions 
of  a  glamorized,  "all-plastics-world-just-around-the-corner." 

Exaggerated  claims  about  the  post-war  use  of  plastics  in 
the  British  automobile  building  industry  were  recently  de- 
nounced in  public  by  Lord  Nuffield,  England's  Henry  Ford. 

Outlining  the  physical  and  economic  limitations  asso- 
ciated with  the  use  of  plastics  materials  in  the  mass  pro- 
duction of  automobiles,  Lord  Nuffield  dismissed  all  talk 
about  the  possibilities  of  manufacturing  post-war  automo- 
bile bodies  from  plastics  as  being  ill-informed  and  imprac- 
ticable from  either  a  cost  or  a  production  point  of  view. 

The  Plastics  Home 

A  plea  to  architects,  designers  and  builders  to  keep  their 
feet  firmly  on  the  ground  in  considering  possible  uses  of 
plastics  in  Britain's  building  program  now  and  after  the 
war  was  recently  made  by  the  British  Building  Industries 
Council. 

Mentioning  that  plastics  materials  will  undoubtedly  exert 
an  increasing  influence  on  future  housing  designs,  a  spokes- 
man of  the  Council  said  that  hitherto  all  samples  of  pre- 
fabricated houses  made  predominantly  of  plastics  had  failed 
to  satisfy  the  industry  as  being  more  economical,  com- 
fortable or  successful  than  other  prefabricated  types. 

A  Different  View 

The  British  Ministry  of  Works,  however,  takes  a  different 
view  and  considers  the  prefabricated  house  in  which  plastics 
is  liberally  used  as  a  brain-child  of  the  modern  building 
industry. 

Expressing  this  opinion  in  a  recently  issued  pamphlet  on 
post-war  housing  problems,  the  Ministry  believes  that 
plastics  can  play  an  important  part  in  meeting  Britain's 
immediate  shortage  of  one  million  houses,  and  can  make 
the  country's  post-war  homes  brighter  and  more  cheerful 
places  in  which  to  live. 

Structural  Developments 

Pre-fabricated  houses  with  a  stressed-skin  form  of  con- 
struction, consisting  of  plywood  bonded  with  the  same 
urea-formaldehyde  glue  as  is  used  in  aircraft  structures,  are 
under  consideration  by  the  British  Government  for  mass 
production  to  solve  the  post-war  re-housing  problem.  These 
houses  will  be  well-designed,  relatively  cheap,  easy  to  as- 
semble and  have  all-plastics  fixtures,  accessories  and  dec- 
orations. 

A  3'  X  2'6"  model  of  an  all-plastics  church  which  is  to 
be  erected  in  Stratford-on-Avon,  Shakespeare's  birthplace, 
was  recently  exhibited  by  one  of  Britain's  leading  plastics 


332 


PLASTtCS 


MARCH  1945 


:perts.  In  addition  to  being  a  place  of  worship,  the  church 
comprises  a  community  unit  with  provision  for  sport, 
recreation  and  lectures. 

If  the  model  is  adopted,  it  will  probably  serve  as  a  pat- 
tern for  such  buildings  elsewhere  and  be  manufactured  in 
standardized  sections  to  replace  some  of  the  thousands  of 
chun-hes  destroyed  during  the  war,  as  well  as  where  new 
Structures  would  be  required  in  any  case. 

Plastics  Aids  British  Bomber  Conversion 

Great  Britain's  shortage  of  passenger  planes  is  being 
rapidly  overcome  by  converting  surplus  bombers  into  air 
liners,  with  plastics  playing  a  leading  role. 

A  big  British  company  of  aircraft  outfitter  specialists  is 
working  in  close  cooperation  with  British  Overseas  Air- 
ways on  the  conversion  of  veteran  Halifaxes,  Lancaster!  and 
Wellingtons  into  passenger  planes. 

The  decorations,  fittings  and  furnishings  are  made  of  a 
paper-plastics  combination  of  excellent  strength-to-weight 
ratio  in  pastel  shades  and  a  sound  and  heat-proof  veneer 
material,  half  the  weight  of  aluminum,  is  being  used  to 
panel  the  walls. 

The  upholstery  is  covered  by  polyvinyl  chloride,  the  stove 
and  refrigerator  are  made  of  a  new,. light,  durable,  enamel- 
like,  sheet  material,  and  all  the  utensils  needed  for  eating 
and  drinking  are  of  melamine  urea. 

According  to  a  member  of  the  company,  it  takes  from 
three  to  four  months  to  strip  and  refit  the  planes. 


Infection-molded  Davis  vent  plug  parts  made  of 
"Distrene"  molding  powder  by  Halex  Ltd.,  London 

New  Packaging  Material 

A  thermoplastic  transparent  packaging  material  which, 
it  is  claimed,  is  considerably  lighter  and  better  than  the 
standard  products,  is  at  this  time  being  manufactured  in 
England  by  Lacrinoid  Ltd.  London,  one  of  the  smaller 
British  plastics  companies. 

It  is  water,  vapor,  and  air-proof,  tough  and  elastic,  un- 
affected by  oil,  has  perfect  jointing  and  sealing  characteris- 
tics and  is  pliable  as  well  as  extensible. 

The  new  product  is  at  present  used  exclusively  for  pack- 
ing aircraft  components  and  other  war-time  supplies 
destined  for  the  tropics,  but  the  characteristics  claimed  for 
it  point  to  its  postw'ar  possibilities,  also. 

Thermal  Insulation 

Considerable  interest  has  been  aroused  in  Britain  in  a 
new  plastics  material  made  from  cellulose  acetate  and 
known  as  hoflcx. 

The  new  material  is  non-porous,  non-absorbent,  has  a 
thermal  conductivity  of  0.32  B.Th.U.  and  a  density  of  0.65 
Ib  per  cu  ft. 

It  has  only  one-eighth  the  weight  of  cork,  can  be  cut  to 
any  shape  by  means  of  an  ordinary  knife  and  installed  into 
position  in  a  remarkably  short  time. 


MARCH   194.') 


I'l.ASTtCS 


T  DIE  CAST  AND 
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UTAH  PLASTIC  & 
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DESIGNERS  and  DIE  CASTERS  of 

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113  EAST  FIRST  SOUTH        SALT  LAKE  CITY  1.  UTAH 


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For  the  Plastic-Molding-Rubber-Chemical-Wood 
and  Metal  Working  Industries 

SPECIAL  OFFERINGS 

Complete  Plastic  Button  Molding  Equipment  Comprising   6  Terkelsen  PI-IP n 

2  Colton  Preform  Machines.  Various  Size*  Molds.  Button  Piercing  Machines, 
Tumbling  Barrels.  Etc.  All  In  Excellent  Condition.  Inspection  Under  Power. 
New  Industrial  Equipment  Company  Laboratory  Mills,  6*  x  12*  Ground  and 
Polished  Chilled  Cast  Iron  Rolls  Arranged  for  steam  and  Water  Circulation 
7  K  HP  Ball  Bearing  Clear  Head  Motor  Driven.  Safety  Brake  and  All  Necessary 
Modern  Features.  Full  Details  on  Request. 

HYDRAULIC  EQUIPMENT  SPECIALS 

4— Buckeye  400  Ton  Hydraulic  Presses.  W  i  38-  Platens.  «•-«•  Daylight  Open- 
Ing.  1A'  Diameter  x  3'-6*  Stroke  Upward  Moving  Rams.  Steel  Cylinders.  4000 
Iba.  WP. 

1— New  167  Ton  Mobbing  Press.  10"  Ram.  »4'  Stroke.  12*  Daylight.  Hardened 
Steel  Anvils,  Complete  with  Either  Hand  Pump  or  Power  Driven  Pump.  With 
Necessary  Piping  and  Accessories. 

1 — New  400  Ton  Hobblng  Press.  16*  Ram.  6H*  Stroke.  12'  Daylight,  Hardened 
Steel  Anvils,  Complete  with  Pump.  Piping  and  Accessories. 
3— New  Single  Opening  Hydraulic  Presses.  7S  TOM  Capacity.  12*  x  12*  Platens. 
Any  Desired  Daylight  Opening.  *','  Diameter  x  10*  Stroke  Rung. 
3— New  Single  Opening  Hydraulic  Presses.  100  Tons  Capacity,  18'  x  18'  Platens, 
Any  Desired  Daylight  Opening.  10*  Diameter  x  10*  Stroke  Rams. 
1 — Burroughs  Single  Opening  Hydraulic  Press.  Rodleas  Type.  100  Tons  Capacity, 
14'  x  14'  Steel  Steam  Plates.  6'  Daylight  Opening.  10*  Diameter  x  8*  Stroke 
Outside  Packed  Ram,  3OOO  Ibs.  WP. 

1 — John  Robertson  Company  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump.  !U*  x  5'.  8 
GPM.  5000  Ibs.  WP.  Convertible  to  1H'  x  «'.  6H  GPM.  6000  Ibs.  WP,  Extended 
Bed  Plate  for  Silent  Chain  Motor  Drive. 

1— Watton-Stlllman  Weighted  Type  Accumulator.  4'  Diameter.  4'-6'  Stroke.  2.9 
GPS.  2250  Ibs.  WP.  Tank  5'  Diameter.  5'  High,  with  Accumulator  By-pass  Valve. 
1 — Southwark  Simplex  Double  Acting  Steam  Driven  Hydraulic  Pump.  Slie  14' 
\'2  ,•  x  12'.  16.5  GPM.  3000  Ibs.  WP.  with  Fisher  Pressure  Regulator. 
1 — Deane  Steam  Pump  Company  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump,  fi'  x  8'. 
100  GPM.  150  Ib.  WP.  Flat  or  V-Belt  Drive. 

1 — Worthington-Deane  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump,  2H'  x  8'.  23  GPM. 
1000  Ib.  WP,  Flat  or  V-Belt  Drive. 

1— Elmes  4  Plunger  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump.  IX'  x  4',  12  GPM.  4600  Ibs. 
WP.  Arranged  for  Geared  Motor  Drive. 

1— Waterbury-Fan-el  Type  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump.  IJi*  x  4'.  6.4 
OPM,  1500  Ibs.  WP.  Flat  or  V-Belt  Drive. 

1 — Deane  Steam  Pump  Company.  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump.  6'  x  8'. 
200  GPM.  200  Ib.  WP,  Arranged  for  Geared  Motor  Drive. 
1 — Galland-Hennlng  Triplex  Vertical  Hydraulic  Pump.  IX*  x  8'.  17.5  GPM. 
1500  Ib.  WP.  Flat  or  V-Belt  Drive. 

1 — Hydraulic  Plastics  sheeter.  Capactly  24'  x  6'  Sheets.  Complete  with  All 
Contro  is. 

1 — Whitney  and  Blake  No.  3  Tuber.  Roller  Thrust  Bearing  Construction  Ar- 
ranged tor  Either  Rubber  or  Plastics  Operations.  Geared  Motor  Drive. 
All  Offered  Reconditioned  and  Guaranteed.  Prompt  Shipment.  Drawings  and 
Other  Data  on  Request. 

Other  Sizes  of  Presses.  Pumps,  Accumulators  of  All 
Types.  Write.  Wire,  or  Phone  tor  Details. 
Also  Preform  Machines.  Motors,  Compressors,  Boilers. 
Machine  Tools.  Etc.,  From  Single  Items  to  Complete 
Plants. 
Send  Listings  of  Idle  Surplus  Machinery. 

INDUSTRIAL  EQUIPMENT  COMPANY 

873  Broad  Street          Newark  2,  N.  J. 


The  usual  method  of  insulation  is  to  use  the  plastics 
corrugated  medium  in  the  form  of  a  sandwich,  between  the 
outer  skin  and  the  inner  lining. 

Food  manufacturers  are  considering  the  use  of  this  in- 
sulating medium  for  thermal  insulation  of  road  vehicles, 
railway  trucks  and  warehouses  holding  perishables. 

A  leading  British  firm  of  builders  is  experimenting  with 
Isoflex  in  the  hope  of  using  it  in  hotels  and  houses,  as  a 
more  efficient  thermal  insulation. 

Plastics  Shoes 

The  war-time  shortage  of  leather  is  responsible  for  the 
appearance,  in  London  shoe  shops,  of  a  large  variety  of 
plastics  shoe  designs. 

On  examination,  the  footwear  appears  to  range  from 
multi-colored,  crystal-like  evening  shoes  to  boots  of  a  ma- 
terial resembling  patent  leather. 

"Pfosfo"  Printing  Plates 

Plastotype  Ltd.,  one  of  the  leading  pioneers  in  England, 
of  plastics  printing,  has  produced  novel  types  of  plastics 
matrices  and  plastics  stereos  and  is  marketing  them  under 
their  registered  trade  mark  of  "Plasto." 

According  to  the  company,  the  British  printing  industry 
is  slowly  ridding  itself  of  prejudices  against  the  use  of 
plastics-made  printing  plates.  END 

Protects  Drinking  Water 

ANEW  collapsible  sterilization  container,  designed  to 
protect  the  drinking  water  of  United  States  fighting 
forces  in  the  tropics  and  on  all  fighting  fronts,  has  been 
developed  by  the  U.  S.  Army  and  is  manufactured  by  the 
United  States  Rubber  Co. 

Made  of  a  semi-porous  material,  this  bag  is  covered  with 
a  synthetic  plastics  resin.'  Equipped  with  5  Bakelite  faucets 
located  approximately  2"  above  the  bottom  of  the  bag — a 
position  which  insures  clear  water  at  all  times — it  is  de- 
signed on  the  order  of  the  ancient  Arabian  water  hag, 
streamlined  to  meet  today's  requirements.  END 


334 


Evaporation  from  semi-porous  resin-coated  bag  keeps  water  cool 

MARCH  1945 


ENGINEERING 


By  LEWIS  WINNER 

Markfl   Reieorcn  Engineer 

Applications  .  .  .  Methods  .  .  .  Materials 

BY  SURFACING  mica  flakes  and  sheets  with  thin 
smooth  coatings  of  methyl  methacrylate  resin,  Fred 
G.  Pellett  of  General  Electric  has  found  it  possible  to  secure 
an  unusually  well-bonded  sheet.  He  has  found  this  resin 
better  than  copal  resins  and  alkyd  resins.  His  method  he 
claims  is  superior  to  the  previous  system  of  surfacing  mica 
sheets  with  thin  sheets  of  chemically  treated  cellulose  such 
as  cellulose  acetate.  The  common  practice  in  bonding, 
according  to  Pellett,  calls  for  a  coating  of  the  individual 
mica  flakes  with  a  solution  of  the  previously  mentioned 
materials,  drying  these  sheets  to  remove  the  solvent,  and 
then  assembling  by  pressing  between  hot  parallel  press 
plates.  He  says  that  in  this  method  it  is  difficult  to  secure 
uniformity  or  thickness  equality  because  very  little  flowing 
or  slippage  occurs  during  the  pressing  operation;  thus  it  is 
necessary  to  arrange  and  coat  the  flakes  prior  to  pressing. 
This  bonding  process  interferes  with  the  use  of  these  mica 
pieces  in  applications  where  uniformity  is  a  prime  necessity. 
This  is  particularly  true  in  commutator  assembly.  To  ob- 
tain this  uniformity  it  has  been  a  practice  to  sand  or  surface 
the  sheets.  However,  this  results  in  an  exposure  of  the 
mica  flakes  which  causes  flaking  or  feathering.  This  condi- 
tion also  interferes  with  automatic  handling,  for  the  loosen- 
ed or  feathered  fragments  catch  on  to  the  surfaces  of  ad- 
jacent pieces.  Resurfacing  with  shellac  has  not  proved  satis- 
factory, according  to  Pellett,  because  the  practice  is  not 
adaptable  to  hot  pressing. 

The  use  of  cellulose  acetate  has  not  proved  successful 
either,  according  to  Pellett,  since  in  punching  the  sheets 
there  is  a  tendency  for  the  cellulose  layers  to  separate  from 
the  underlying  mica  layers.  Thus  again  there  appears  the 
undesirable  frayed  or  delaminated  edges. 

Bonding  Procedures 

In  Pellett's  development  the  following  procedures  are 
used  to  bond  the  sheets:  The  flakes  or  fragments  are  coat- 
ed with  a  binder  such  as  shellac,  assembled  and  then  hot- 
pressed  to  form  a  laminated  mica  sheet.  Then  the  pressed 
sheet  is  sanded  to  the  desired  thickness  and  these  sanded 
sheets  are  coated  with  a  thin  film  of  the  methacrylate  resin. 
Either  ordinary  coating  rollers,  or  brushing  or  dipping  can 
be  used  to  apply  the  solution.  When  the  solvent  has  evap- 
orated, the  coated  sheets  are  hot-pressed  between  smooth 
steel  pressed  plates. 

One  suitable  coating  composition  proposed  by  Pellett  in- 
cludes 8%  of  methyl  methacrylate  resin;  0.75%  of  montan 
wax  and  91.25%  of  toluol.  Pellett  points  out  that  the  mon- 
tan wax  serves  as  a  lubricant  during  the  pressing  of  the 
•  1  sheets.  He  says  that  the  lubricant  may  be  omitted 
from  the  coating  formula  and  applied  directly  to  the  press 
plates  if  desired.  It  is  not  necessary  to  use  toluol  either, 
as  a  solvent,  and  in  addition  the  concentration  of  the  solu- 
tion may  be  varied  to  suit  the  coating  method  or  to  secure 
the  desired  film  thickness. 

To  keep  the  organic  content  of  the  finished  sheets  as  low 
as  possible,  Pellett  recommends  that  the  coating  solution 
should  be  rather  dilute;  the  concentration  not  exceeding 
approximately  20%.  With  the  8%  methacrylate  composi- 
tion, a  film  thickness  of  about  0.00009"  will  be  secured. 

Discussing  organic  contents,  Pellett  stated  that  the 
methyl  methacrylate  resin  adds  about  0.25%  organic  ma- 
terial to  a  30-mil  mica  sheet  which  represents  about  a  5% 
increase  in  the  total  content  of  organic  material.  He  says 
that  the  surface  films  of  this  resin  should  not  exceed 
0.00001"  in  average  thickness. 


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PLASTICS  and  MOLDED  ELECTRICAL 
INSULATION 

By  I  mil.-  Hemming 

An  extremely  valuable  work  on  Plastics  for  the  technical 
man  or  the  general  reader.  Chapter  headings  in  part  in- 
clude: Ceramic  Products,  Calcareous  Cements,  Glass,  Casein 
Products,  Plastics  in  Road  Construction,  etc.  There  is  a 
complete  treatment  of  Cold  Molded  Insulation  and  exten- 
sive data  on  patents. 

313  Pages  13  Plain  M.OO 

Scud  for  FREE  1945  look  Cofoloo— 
"Uf'i  Look  It  Up"— (200  Tlfle.J 

REINHOLD  PUBLISHING  CORP. 

330  We.t  «2nd  Street  New  York  18.  N    Y. 


For  Immediate  Sale 

PLASTICS  PLANT  IN  FULL  OPERATION 
FOR  COMPRESSION  MOLDING 

FACILITIES 

FOR  INJECTION  LAMINATING 
AND  FABRICATING. 

SHERIDAN  PRESSES. 

PLANT  COMPLETELY  EQUIPPED. 

FOR  INFORMATION  WRITE. 

Box  18.  c/o  Plastics 

Empire  State  Building 

New  York  1.  N.  Y. 

ALL  INQUIRIES  HELD  IN  STRICT  CONFIDENCE 


timt    Fittings    consult    Groybor    Electr 


I 

7-11  ELKINS  ST.,  SO.  BOSTON  27,  MASS. 
^    35    YEARS    OF   PLASTIC    MOLDING    EXPERIENCE 


Shoe  Substitutes 

The  severe  shoe  rationing  program  introduced  over  a 
year  ago  accelerated  development  of  plastics  substitutes 
for  soles  and  heels.  Many  types  have  been  announced. 
And  now  comes  a  plastics  sole  development,  providing  for 
a  prefabricated  sole  or  one  applied  in  a  molten  state  to  the 
shoe.  The  process  has  been  conceived  by  Joseph  Burger  of 
Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  and  permits  the  use  of  any  suitable  plastics 
material  of  the  thermosetting  or  thermoplastic  type. 

The  original  development  was  applied  to  a  heavy  type 
shoe  where  the  inner  sole  was  supplied  with  an  outer  sole 
made  of  plastics.  The  bottom  surface  of  the  inner  sole  was 
roughened  to  increase  the  bondage.  A  channel  was  pro- 
vided in  the  shoe  to  permit  pouring  of  the  plastics.  In 
some  models  made,  a  reinforcing  wire  was  used  to  increase 
the  bonding  of  the  plastics  material.  However,  Burger 
states  that  the  plastics  can  be  flowed  into  the  shoe  channel 
without  this  reinforcing  wire. 

Instrument  Determines  Molecular  Shape 

Scattering  of  light  principles  have  now  been  applied  to  the 
molecular  weight  analysis  of  plastics;  an  analysis  that 
should  not  only  simplify  and  expedite  production  but  im- 
prove the  resultant  material.  Two  revolutionary  instru- 
ments constructed  in  the  Highpolymer  Laboratory  of  the 
Polytechnic  Institute  of  Brooklyn  provide  this  unusual  facil- 
ity, offering  a  direct  visual  procedure  for  determining  the 
shape  of  molecules  and  in  addition  a  short  cut  for  detemin- 
ing  the  weight  of  polymer  molecules.  Chemists  now  use 
viscosity  as  a  rough  criterion  to  provide  this  information. 
The  classical  methods  of  osmotic  pressure  and  ultracentri- 
fuge  measurements  are  also  superseded  by  this  new  pro- 
cedure. 

Knowing  the  size  and  shape  of  the  molecules,  it  is  na- 
turally easier  to  process  the  plastics.  The  instruments  are 
the  result  of  work  by  Dr.  Paul  M.  Doty,  research  associate 
and  instructor  in  physical  chemistry  at  Polytechnic,  and  Dr. 
Herman  F.  Mark,  professor  of  organic  chemistry. 

The  instrument  provides  a  measurement  of  light  scattered 
by  spinning  and  casting  the  solution  in  various  directions. 
The  light-scattering  principle  was  discovered  by  Dr.  Albert 
Einstein  in  1910.  And  in  1943  Dr.  Peter  Debye  of  Cornell 
University  discovered  how  to  use  this  principle  to  com- 
pute the  molecular  weight  and  shape  of  giant  molecules. 
He  also  proved  that  this  application  was  quite  practical. 
Dr.  Doty  and  Dr.  Mark  applied  these  basic  findings  to 
their  problem. 

At  the  present  time  the  new  instruments  are  being  used 
by  the  Government  to  secure  lighter,  stronger,  and  more 
durable  army  equipment  from  high  polymer  materials. 

Ceramic  Plastics  for  Meters 

Ceramic  plastics  have  been  applied  to  the  design  of  a 
base  for  watt-hour  meter  by  Richard  A.  Road  of  LaFayette, 
Ind.  The  use  of  this  ceramic  plastics  which  is  made  up  of 
feldspar,  potter's  flint,  Tennessee  ball  clay,  Georgia  kaolin, 
Florida  kaolin  and  talc,  provides  an  insulation  which  is 
highly  weather  resistant,  according  to  Road.  He  says  that 
this  material  is  particularly  applicable  where  there  is  danger 
that  under  abnormal  circumstances  a  conductive  path  or 
track  will  be  formed  on  the  surface  of  the  insulating  ma- 
terial. Should  this  happen  a  current  flowing  along  the  track 
will  increase  the  conductivity  of  the  track  and  more  and 
more  current  will  pass  until  combustion  may  result. 

Aluminum  had  been  used  previously  but  in  view  of  the 
shortage  the  present  development  was  conceived.  In  the 
aluminum  model  a  porcelain  terminal  block  was  used.  Of 
course  the  aluminum  base  is  lighter.  However,  the  newer 
development  provides  for  an  integral  incorporation  of  the 
block,  thus  simplifying  construction. 

Road  says  that  any  dry-process  porcelain  is  preferred  be- 
cause it  is  more  economical  and  there  is  less  shrinkage  than 
in  the  wet  process  type.  But,  of  course,  the  porcelain  must 
have  molding  properties  and  not  deteriorate  by  exposure  to 
weather  even  under  the  most  adverse  rain  and  freeze  con- 
ditions. 

In  the  body  of  the  case,  it  is  possible  to  use  glass  or  bake- 
lite  although  the  ceramic  plastic  is  still  preferred  because 
it  avoids  the  tracking  problem  previously  discussed. 


336 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


In  the  Public  Eye 

(Continued  from  page  68) 


What  is  tin  |«>stwar  future  of  plastic  pnxluets  in  the  cos- 
niftir.  siMvi.ilty.  jewelry.  !<>>>  and  >ports  fields?  The  answer 
hinges  on  the  demand  for  consumer  products  in  general. 
Mr.i-ured  by  this  yardstick  alone,  prospects  immediately  af- 
ter the  war  are  exceptionally  bright.  The  backlog  of  de- 
mand for  the  thousands  of  articles  that  practically  disap- 
peared from  the  market  owing  to  war  pre-emption  of 
machinery,  materials  and  labor,  spells  a  boom  market  when 
restrictions  are  lifted. 

This  is  vividly  shown  by  the  "hypothetical  projection  of 
expenditures"  after  the  war  as  calculated  by  Department  of 
Commerce  experts  and  set  forth  in  "Markets  After  the 
War."  Based  on  past  relationships  and  assuming  that  the 
war  and  post-war  reconversion  will  be  over  before  1946, 
with  prices  the  same  as  in  1942,  and  with  full  utilization  of 
available  manpower,  estimates  of  expenditures  expected  in 
1946  compared  to  1940  for  typical  items  in  the  light  con- 
sumers goods  field,  are  that :  $590,000,000  will  be  spent  for 
tnilet  preparations;  $317,000,000  for  toys,  games  and  sports 
supplies:  $865,000,000  for  china,  glassware,  tableware  and 
household  utensils ;  and  $620,000,000  for  jewelry  and  sterling 
silver  ware.  This  comes  to  almost  2l/i  billion  dollars  and 
represents  a  gain  of  slightly  more  than  sixty  percent  over  the 
expenditures  for  these  same  items  in  1940.  How  much  plas- 
tic' share  of  this  total  will  be  is,  of  course,  problematical, 
but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  industry  will  represent  a 
sizeable  portion  of  these  goods. 

Manufacturers  and  department  store  buyers  agree  almost 
unanimously,  however,  that  this  does  not  mean  plastics 
products  will  be  hoisted  automatically  in  the  rise  of  con- 
sumer goods  demand.  As  a  buyer  in  a  New  York  store  put 
it:  "Plastics  articles  must  pull  their  own  weight.  There  is 
nothing  inevitable  about  the  demand  for  them.  They  must 
meet  the  competition  of  wood  and  metal  in  design  and  wear- 
ability  or  fall  behind." 

It  was  generally  agreed  that  grade  labelling  would  do 
much  to  eliminate  the  confusion  about  plastics  that  exists 
among  much  of  the  consuming  public.  Another  buyer  stated 
that,  with  comprehension  of  the  uses  and  functions  of  the 
different  types,  would  come  more  widespread  confidence, 
and  acceptance  of  plastic  products.  He  added  that  the  de- 
gree of  consumer  education  will  largely  determine  the  vol- 
ume of  postwar  sales. 

While  the  chemist  and  molding  engineers  are  busy  devel- 
oping improved  processes  and  materials,  the  designer  is  not 
idle  either.  The  postwar  possibilities  of  plastics  in  decora- 
tive accessories  were  indicated  recently  in  a  New  York  City 
exhibition  by  Kmile  Norman  of  California  who  in  wall  dec- 
orations, lamps,  and  table  center-pieces,  introduced  a  style 
of  design  and  craftsmanship  that  is  almost  impossible  to 
achieve  in  any  other  medium.  As  illustrated  in  another 
section  of  this  issue  cellulose  acetate  flowers  take  the  place 
<>i  the  old-fashioned  wax  bouquet,  and  carved  holders  replace 
the  crystal  glass  of  yesteryear.  Fanciful  plastics  picture 
frames,  deeply  concave  and  consisting  of  two  layers,  vari- 
ously ornamented,  hint  that  this  material  may  take  a  real 
place  in  decorative  innovations  after  the  war.  New  forms  in 
even  the  less  expensive  plastic  items  are  being  created  by 
outstanding  product  designers  like  Norman  Bel  Geddes. 

Plastics  are  coming  through  the  rugged  tests  of  war  with 
flying  colors.  Chemists,  molders  and  designers  made  wiser 
by  war  experiences,  are  readied  for  an  unprecedented  vol- 
ume of  consumers  goods  to  be  manufactured  postwar.  Trade 
authorities  agree  on  the  main  obstacle  to  complete  consumer 
acceptance:  unscrupulous  cheapening  of  the  material  and 
cut-throat  competition  with  its  chaotic  effect  on  price.  END 


Consider  our  more  than  twenty-five  years  of  plastic 
experience  at  your  complete  disposal  to  aid  you  in 
your  search  for  new  ideas  in  plastic  mold  and  tool  design. 

While  we  cannot  accept  new  work  at  present  we  can 
help  you  lay  the  groundwork  for  your  future  in  plastics. 
Telephone  Ea.  3881  or  write  us  at  the  address  shown 
below. 

LAWRENCE  H.  COOK,  INC. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    PLASTIC    MOLDS    A    TOOLS 
65   MASSASOIT   AVE.,   EAST   PROVIDENCE    14,   R.    I. 


ROTARY  FILES.  RASPS  AND  BURS 

fittut 

I II I  IN  T I 

CIOUNO    r«OM    TMI    SOtIO 
HAND    CUT        -        Milt    CUT 


SEND  FOR  CATALOG  PR 

AND  NEW  QUANTITY  DISCOUNTS 

*  Just  of f  the  press-foe  most  complete  catalog 
of  its  kind,  illustrating  the  full  line  of  GROBET 
ROTARY  FILES,  CUTTERS,  DIESINKER'S  BURS, 
etc.,  in  size,  shape  and  coarseness  of  cut  for 
every  industrial  purpose. 

Kindly  make  request  /or  catalog  PR  on  firm 
letterhead.  GROBET  ROTARY  FILES  are  now 
shipped  promptly  ham  plants  on  each  coast 
and  (be  central 


CROBET  FILE  CO.  of  AMERICA 


421  Canal  Street 
IIMITIIS  or  mm  nisi  run 


New  York,  N.  Y. 
•m.  er  CIOUT  IOTUT  run 


M  \IICH    1«U.-, 


PLASTI  T* 


337 


WOOD  FIBER 

EXTRUSION  &  COMPRESSION 
MOLDING 


INJECTION 
MOLDING  OF  ALL  THERMO 

PLASTICS 


ELECTROFORMING  CO, 


HARTLAND, 
Wis. 


MISENER  ROTARY  HACK  SAW 


"the  tool  that  cuts  circles" 

with  a  guaranteed  non-shat- 
terable  blade  .  .  .  faster  in 
operation  .  .  .  longer  life  .  .  . 
built-in  quality  .  .  .  stands 
upon  past  performance 


from  %"  to  15" 
in  fractional  diameters 

Designed  Originally: 

for  all  the  metals 

New  Developments: 

for  Plastics,  Wood,  Masonite 
and  the  new  materials 

Write    for    ROTARY    literature    and 
complete  story  on  our  units 

MISENER  MFG.  CO.,  INC. 

326-8  E.  Washington  Syracuse  2,  N.  Y. 


Specifications 

(Continued  from  page  158) 


fication  Jan-P-14,  and  the  ASTM  Specification  D700  are 
available.  Under  the  circumstances — 

(4)  The  choice  is  dependent  upon  which  service  is  re- 
questing the  part.  If  the  part  is  made  on  a  Navy  contract, 
then  specification  Jan-P-14  is  to  be  used;  if  the  Army 
Air  Forces  is  to  buy  the  part,  then  specification  32212 
should  be  used.  If  some  other  service  branch,  such  as  the 
Army  Signal  Corps,  is  to  use  the  part,  then  a  choice  may 
be  made  among  all  three  specifications.  In  this  particular 
case,  AAF  Specification  32212  is  quite  lenient  and  if 
rigid  requirements  are  necessary,  either  Army-Navy  or 
ASTM  specifications  should  be  used.  Obviously,  before 
a  specific  recommendation  can  be  given,  a  close  study  of 
the  part  and  the  applicable  specification  must  be  made. 

To  answer  the  second  question  as  to  duplication,  two 
facts  should  be  borne  in  mind : 

(1)  Requirements  on  materials  vary  with  the  services. 
For  example,  characteristics  as  listed  in  Federal  Specifica- 
tion HH-P-256  on  phenolic  laminates  are  not  as  extensive 
as  those  given  in  Navy  Specification   17P5.     This  prob- 
ably is  due  to  the  fact  that  service  requirements  on  Navy 
vessels  and  aircraft  are  of  a  much  more  severe  nature  than 
those  of  the  Federal  Government. 

(2)  Since  there  are  so~  many  different  branches  in  the 
services,  they  all  may  not  know  what  the  intentions  and  re- 
quirements of  each  other  branch  may  be  and  so  may  issue 
individual   specifications  on  the  same  subject.     However, 
when  all  parties  concerned  can  agree  on  the  requirements 
for  one  particular  material,  an  Army-Navy  specification  is 
evolved  which  supersedes  all  existing  specifications  for  that 
material.     Such  is  the  case  with  Army  Specification  94- 
12014  and  Navy  Specification  P-41,  both  covering  acrylic 
sheet  used  as  aircraft  enclosures,  sight  glasses,  and  similar 
items.    These  have  been  superseded  by  AN-P-44. 

In  answer  to  the  third  question  on  the  extent  to  which 
plastics  materials  have  been  covered  by  specifications,  it 
might  be  stated  that  in  general  every  type  of  plastics 
materials,  such  as  the  phenolics,  methyl  methacrylate,  the 
celluloses,  vinylidene  chloride,  have  been  defined.  How- 
ever, a  few  of  the  less  common  resins — aniline-formalde- 
hyde, furfural-formaldehyde,  disobutylene,  etc. — are  not 
covered  because  of  their  limited  use. 

The  armed  services  write  specifications  only  on  materials 
which  they  use.  On  the  other  hand,  non-government  agen- 
cies such  as  the  ASTM  have  written  material  specifications 
on  many  plastics  materials  which  are  not  in  general  use  to- 
day. They  have  been  able  to  do  this  because  their  specifica- 
tions are  usually  presented  from  the  manufacturer's  rather 
than  from  the  consumer's  standpoint.  Those  that  have  been 
published  by  the  ASTM  are  well  written  and  cover  many 
materials  which  the  services  and  industry  use  and  which 
are  not  covered  in  any  other  publication.  Examples  are 
ASTM  Specifications  D704,  D705,  D742,  D743,  D745,  en- 
titled Melamine-Formaldehyde  Molding  Compounds,  Urea- 
Formaldehyde  Molding  Compounds,  Non-Rigid  Vinyl  Chlo- 
ride-Acetate Plastics,  Non-Rigid  Ethyl  Cellulose  Plastics, 
and  Non-Rigid  Vinyl  Butyral  Plastics,  respectively. 

Performance  vs.  Detail  Specifications 

To  explain  further  the  functions  of  a  specification,  let  us 
assume  that  an  aircraft  company  desires  to  use  a  strip-coat- 
ing material  for  protecting  precision  tools  and  parts  in  the 
shop  from  corrosion  and  other  damage.  The  materials 
available  on  the  market  from  several  different  manufac- 
turers are  ethyl  cellulose  and  cellulose  acetate  butyrate  com- 
positions. The  former  meets  AN-C-117,  which  calls  spe- 


PLASTMCS 


MARCH  1945 


cifically  for  an  ethyl  cellulose  composition.  In  addition  it  lists 
detail  and  performance  requirements,  such  as  tensile 
strength,  elongation,  viscosity,  corrosion  effect  on  metals,  re- 
sistance to  salt  spray  and  resistance  to  continuous  heating. 
Now  these  specifications  may,  in  effect,  be  considered  detail 
requirements  for  one  particular  material,  namely  an  ethyl 
cellulose  composition.  However,  the  aircraft  company  in 
question  is  not  interested  so  much  in  the  type  of  material  and 
its  detail  requirements  as  in  its  actual  performance.  These 
requirements  perhaps  would  include,  instead  of  tensile 
strength  and  elongation  as  listed  in  AN-C-117,  the  resist- 
ance of  the  plastics  film  to  rupture  when  it  is  dropped,  and, 
instead  of  viscosity  at  certain  temperatures,  the  coat  thick- 
ness of  which  the  material  is  capable  of  building  up  at 
various  temperatures.  Of  course,  the  corrosion  effect  on 
metals,  pot  life,  etc.,  are  still  important,  but  no  mention  is 
made  as  to  basic  material  to  use ;  rather,  a  general  perform- 
ance rating  is  set  up.  In  this  particular  case,  therefore,  the 
aircraft  company  would  issue  its  own  specification  after 
thorough  investigation  of  all  available  materials. 

Conclusions 

Other  comparisons  between  detail  and  performance  spe- 
cifications may  be  made  using  those  issued  by  the  ASTM 
on  plastics  (which  are  detail  type  specifications  for  a  specific 
material)  and  the  (Aeronautical  Material  Specifications 
SAE)  numbered  3610  and  3630,  which  are  of  the  perform- 
ance type. 

In  general,  all  specifications  have  standardized  testing 
procedures.  What  might  be  called  the  bible  of  testing 
procedures  are  the  ASTM  volumes  *  on  this  subject.  Such 
specifications  as  L-P-406,  which  is  a  general  testing  spe- 
cification, is  referenced  by  many  of  the  government  specifi- 
cations. These  in  turn  reference  the  ASTM  testing  pro- 
cedures, although  the  latter  may  not  necessarily  include  all 
the  testing  procedures  which  are  listed  in  L-P-406. 

•  ASTM  8und»nta.   W«.  Part  Ul  Non-M«mllle  M»t«ri»l»— Oenerml.     American 
•octet}  for  TwUniM.ttri.ls.  260  s.  Broad  St..  Philadelphia  2.  Pa. 


Your  194?  Model 

(Continued  from  page  49) 


speculation  in  the  minds  of  the  consuming  public. 

The  third  and  outstanding  example  of  the  all-plastics 
body  is  the  experimental  Ford  car  which  was  unveiled  to 
the  public  in  1941.  The  details  of  this  project  are  too  well- 
known  to  require  repeating,  but  its  eventual  outcome  is 
apparently  still  a  matter  for  the  future  to  decide.  No  one 
was  more  careful  to  emphasize  the  experimental  nature  of 
the  project  than  the  Ford  Motor  Company  itself,  and  the 
invaluable  data  and  experience  which  must  have  been  accu- 
mulated throughout  the  course  of  this  work  will  no  doubt 
be  made  known  in  due  time.  Ford  used  panels  which  were 
built  up  in  preformed  sheet  before  low  pressure  molding 
was  done;  the  binder  was  phenolic  resin  with  wood  and 
other  fibrous  material  for  filler. 

At  present,  expert  opinion  throughout  the  industry  seems 
to  be  extremely  conservative  on  the  whole  subject  of  struc- 
tural plastics.  In  fact,  not  a  single  responsible  authority  was 
willing  to  go  out  on  a  limb  with  a  statement  of  opinion  that 
an  all-plastics  body  might  be  developed  for  mass-production 
in  the  near  postwar  future. 

Some  of  the  difficulties  are  obvious :  higher  cost  of  plastics 
materials  as  compared  to  steel ;  relatively  inferior  strength 
and  dimensional  stability ;  difficulties  of  fabrication  on  a 
mass-production  basis  as  done  in  the  automotive  industry; 
and,  last  but  not  least,  just  a  plain  lack  of  technical  knowl- 
edge and  data  on  which  to  rely  in  such  an  undertaking. 

On  other  aspects  of  the  matter,  however,  there  is  nothing 
like  agreement  among  automotive  engineers.  In  answer  to 
the  frequently  voiced  criticism  that  a  plastics  body  would 


j. -  An  Easier  -  Faster  Way  to 

FILL    I 

Engravings  ud  Stampings 


QUICKER 

METHOD  OF  MAKING 

Just  rub  a  MARKAL  PAINTSTIK  over  indentations  and 
wipe  oil  surface.  That's  all  there  is  to  do.  No  more 
messy,  wasteful  paintbucket  and  brush.  No  more  stir- 
ring and  thinning  of  liquid  paint.  MARKAL  is  always 
ready  for  instant  use.  Can  be  carried  in  your  pocket. 
MARKAL  PAINTSTIKS  are  made  in  many  types  for 
every  conceivable  marking  job. 

WRITE  FOR  SAMPLES  — GIVE  FULL  DETAILS 


MARKAL  CO. 


6OO  N.  Western  Ave. 
Chicago  12,  III. 


'Originator*    of    Paint    Sticks 


MOLDED  SHEET  PLASTICS* 


Thi»  exclusive  process  means  stronger,  more 
uniform  products  .  .  .  greater  stability  under 
varying  atmospheric  conditions. 

Unbelievable  size  range  is  made  possible  . .  . 
from  giant  6  ft.  x  2  ft.  parts  in  complex  shapes, 
to  infinitesimally  small  units. 

High  speed  production  it  attained  using  any 
thermoplastic  material  from  5  to  500  thousandths 
thickness. 

•/•/o.lic,  moldfd  from  •*••<  (W.opte.hci  vneV  •art- 
land  pat«/ili. 


PO   RATION 


1400  NO    WASHINGTON 
MARION.  INDIANA 


M  W.  JACKSON 

CHICAGO.  III. 


MARCH   1945 


PLASTiCS 


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be  difficult,  or  impossible,  to  repair,  for  instance,  some  ex- 
perts are  prompt  to  retort  that  such  an  objection  is  more 
than  counterbalanced  by  the  tremendously  decreased  need 
for  repair.  Plastics  materials,  they  point  out,  can  be  made 
sufficiently  resilient  to  absorb  many  dings  that  would 
necessitate  expensive  work  on  the  average  steel  body. 

One  factor  that  is  frequently  forgotten  is  the  imponder- 
ably  vast  extent  of  steel's  place  in  our  present  scheme  of 
things.  The  difficulty,  for  instance,  of  altering  any  such 
juggernaut  from  its  course  as  the  American  automotive  in- 
dustry, based  as  it  is  on  steel,  from  the  ground  up,  is  some- 
thing that  bears  considerable  thinking.  Even  the  humbler 
aspects  of  such  a  conversion — such  as  the  problem  of  re- 
training a  whole  nation  of  mechanics  and  repairmen  to  the 
handling  of  plastics  rather  than  steel — are  apt  to  give  pause 
to  many  enthusiasts. 

Nevertheless,  automotive  experts  are  not  lacking  who  be- 
lieve that  structural  plastics  will  be  used  in  automobiles  at 
some  unpredictable  date  in  the  future.  And  even  some  who 
believe  that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  America  will  never  drive  a  car 
with  an  all-plastics  body,  will  admit  that  such  semi-struc- 
tural items  as  plastics  hoods  and  plastic  fenders  may  not 
be  too  far  in  the  offing. 

It  is  only  when  auto  men  are  asked  such  questions,  how- 
ever, as  "What  can  the  plastics  industry  do  for  you?"  or 
"What  problems  and  obstacles  can  the  plastics  industry  help 
you  overcome?"  that  their  real  appetite  for  new  applications 
becomes  apparent. 

Almost  every  engineer  thus  questioned,  for  instance,  came 
back  with  two  obvious  pleas,  which,  by  implication,  seem 
to  have  assumed  front-rank  importance  in  his  own  mind 
during  recent  years  of  auto-building.  These  two  pleas: 
"Give  us  cheaper  plastics"  and  "Give  us  better  dimensional 
stability"  undoubtedly  represent  the  problems  most  im- 
mediately in  need  of  attention  by  plastics  producers  before 
their  product  can  assume  its  full  and  rightful  role  in  the 
automotive  field. 

Cost,  perhaps,  is  the  more  important  of  the  two.  "Hell," 
said  one  engineer,  "we  could  build  an  all-plastics  car  right 
now,  if  it  came  right  down  to  it — but  who  would  pay  for 
the  damned  thing!" 

Even  on  those  aspects  of  automotive  plastics,  however, 
on  which  no  agreement  was  evident,  the  replies'  of  auto 
men  displayed  that  vigorously  emphatic  quality  reserved 
for  questions  that  have  been  talked  and  thought  about  with 
real  enthusiasm. 

Plea  for  Simplification 

Take  the  matter  of  standardization,  for  example.  Pro- 
ponents and  opponents  of  such  a  move  were  equally  strenu- 
ous in  their  expression  of  opinion. 

Growled  one  authority:  "Suppliers  need  to  reduce  plastics 
to  an  engineering  material  instead  of  a  numbers  racket. 
As  it  is  now,  instead  of  having  a  definite  method  of  prop- 
erty-indication, they  simply  keep  coming  out  with  new 
trade  names  and  new  numbers." 

And  still  another  automotive  expert  stated : 

"The  best  forward  step  which  could  be  taken  at  the 
present  time  by  the  plastics  industry  would  be  to  simplify 
its  entire  setup  by  reducing  the  number  of  types  of  plastics 
now  being  presented  to  the  industry  under  various  technical 
denominations.  Automobile  engineers  would  recommend 
the  publication  by  the  plastics  industry  of  some  standards 
whereby  the  various  types  of  plastics  are  grouped  in  differ- 
ent classifications  and  usage  for  each  group  as  applied  to  the 
automobile  industry." 

On  the  other  hand,  at  least  half  of  the  auto  men  ques- 
tioned were  equally  ready  to  minimize  the  importance,  or 
even  the  possibility,  of  such  a  step.  Pointing  to  the  disor- 
ganization, and  confusion  of  designations,  that  characterized 
the  early  days  of  the  steel  industry,  they  tell  you  frankly 
that  plastics  are  too  new  for  standardization — that  the  whole 


340 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


problem  of  classification  will  solve  itself  as  more  technical 
knowledge  and  experience  are  gradually  accumulated  with- 
in the  automotive  field. 

On  still  another  question — closely  related  to  the  problem 
of  standardization — one  finds  similarly  vigorous  and  arti- 
culate disagreement.  One  school  of  thought  holds  that 
better  engineering  data  is  a  prime  need,  and  that  it  is  up 
to  the  plastics  industry  to  supply  such  information  to  their 
automotive  customers. 

"At  present,"  said  one  expert,  "the  data  given  us  by 
suppliers  is  often  inaccurate,  and  different  sources  widely 
disagree  with  each  other." 

To  the  contrary,  however — aside  from  the  fact  that 
technical  societies  are  already  at  work  on  better  testing 
methods  and  standards  for  adoption  throughout  industry — 
many  auto  men  are  not  at  all  exercised  by  such  lack  of 
reliable  data. 

Affer  all,  they  point  out,  every  normally  enterprising 
company  wants  to  test  materials  for  itself,  regardless  of 
what  information  suppliers  do  or  do  not  provide.  That  is 
the  way  automotive  engineers  have  already  licked  many  of 
their  plastics  problems  in  the  past  and  that  is  how  a  good 
many  barriers  are  going  to  be  hurdled  in  the  future.  More- 
over, as  one  expert  remarked,  processes  affect  qualities  and 
at  least  some  technical  data  is  bound  to  be  an  extremely  in- 
dividual problem. 

Color  Difficulties  Reported 

•  highly  individualistic  are  many  of  the  other  opinions 
put  forth  on  the  subject  of  what  the  plastics  industry  should 
or  should  not  do  to  promote  the  use  of  plastics  materials 
within  the  automotive  field. 

One  automotive  authority  feels  that  plastics  producers 
should  devote  less  time  to  the  discovery  of  new  and  untried 
products  and  concentrate  more  on  materials  already  in  use 
throughout  the  industry,  bringing  these  up  to  a  high  stand- 
ard of  excellence  which  will  satisfy  all  demands  of  automo- 
tive engineers.  While  probably  excellent  advice,  some  plas- 
tics men  are  apt  to  feel  that  this  is  like  telling  a  pair  of 
guinea  pigs  to  stop  littering.  Plastics,  in  other  words,  is 
simply  too  new  and  fertile  an  enterprise  to  restrict  its  own 
output. 

In  another  direction,  two  major  automobile  companies 
report  color  difficulties  with  the  plastics  used  in  their  prewar 
cars. 

One  of  these  companies  pointed  out  color  fading  as  a 
sizeable  problem  not  yet  satisfactorily  solved ;  and  also  men- 
tioned difficulties  in  color  control — that  is.  in  maintaining 
the  same  hues  and  shades  among  parts  supplied  by  different 
(Holders. 

The  other  felt  that  plastics  present  a  serious  problem  in 
their  inability  to  harmonize  with  the  coloring  of  upholstery 
and  other  interior  appointments.  Either  the  plastics  parts 
are  not  sufficiently  neutral  for  a  pleasing  overall  effect,  or 
else  they  are  too  dull  to  satisfy  the  critical  eye  of  customers. 

Probably,  however,  this  opinion  is  not  one  in  which  all 
< It-signers  and  stylists  would  by  any  means  concur. 

Still  another  difficulty — reported  by  one  company  from 
its  prewar  experience — was  that  of  maintaining  prompt,  on- 
schrdulc  delivery  from  the  various  molders  who  supplied 
its  plastics  items. 

So  go  a  few  of  the  immediate,  individual  problems  which 
automotive  manufacturers  feel  must  be  solved  in  the  post- 
war period.  Other  less  pressing,  or  longer-range,  needs 
which  were  pointed  out  include  greater  hardness;  greater 
strength:  and  practical  means  of  fabricating  and  assembling 
plastic  units  on  a  mass  production  basis. 

Are  plastics  producers  really  making  enough  of  an  at- 
tempt to  learn  the  specific  needs  of  automobile  companies  in 
their  field?  Although  this  matter  apparently  constitutes  a 
sore  point  with  at  least  one  automotive  executive,  it  is 


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probably  from  a  selfish  standpoint  alone  that  the  plastics 
industry  should  concern  itself  with  working  more  closely 
than  ever  with  its  automotive  customers. 

For,  whether  or  not  the  industry  is  giving  sufficient  at- 
tention to  specialized  automotive  needs,  there  is  little  doubt 
that  better  liaison  is  needed  between  the  plastics  laboratory 
and  the  automotive  assembly  line,  if  full  potentialities  are  to 
be  realized.  No  one  who  has  talked  to  automotive  en- 
gineers on  the  subject  can  fail  to  be  impressed  with  the  need 
for  greater  education  of  users  to  the  potentialities  of  the 
plastic  materials  already  at  their  disposal. 

"Build  a  better  mousetrap  and  the  world  will  beat  a  path 
to  your  door"  is  perhaps  the  most  fallacious  doctrine  ever 
broadcast  in  America's  highly  competitive  economic  society. 
On  the  contrary,  "Beat  a  path  to  your  customer's  door"  is 
the  only  procedure  that  will  win  any  business  a  top  Dunn 
&  Bradstreet  rating  in  the  twentieth  century.  And  the 
plastics  industry  is  no  exception  to  the  rule. 

Most  assuredly  no  one  will  ever  know  just  how  many  po- 
tential applications  of  plastics  are  being  passed  up  by  auto- 
motive engineers  and  designers  simply  because  they  are 
not  awake  to  proven  possibilities  and  advantages.  But 
more  than  one  sober  commentator  offers  an  answer  in  just 
one  word :  "Plenty." 

The  moral,  of  course,  is  obvious.  Educate  automotive 
users  through  every  possible  channel  at  the  industry's  dis- 
posal. 

Should  plastics  producers  take  that  idea  thoroughly  to 
heart,  and  act  upon  it  to  the  fullest  possible  extent,  it  seems 
more  than  likely  that  the  sky  will  be  the  limit  for  future 
developments  in  automotive  plastics.  END 


Tough  Tooling 

(Continued  -from  page  92) 


developed  by  Douglas  Aircraft  Co.  at  El  Segundo,  Calif., 
where  plaster  airplane  mock-ups  are  being  coated  with  the 
new  material  to  prevent  deterioration  due  to  climatic  and 
other  conditions.  This  saves  thousands  of  dollars  by  making 
it  unnecessary  for  the  company  to  rent  or  build  warehouses 
in  which  mock-ups  are  ordinarily  stored. 

The  Douglas  procedure  consists  of  coating  the  plaster 
model  with  10-viscosity  oil,  then  applying  Plastifonn  with 
a  paint  brush.  The  oil  is  used  as  a  parting  agent,  so  that 
the  plastics  covering  can  be  lifted  from  the  model  whenever 
necessary.  If  Douglas  model  makers  so  desire,  they  can 
use  the  plastics  coverings  as  molds  for  casting  duplicate 
mock-ups. 

Other  aircraft  manufacturers,  such  as  Consolidated- Vul- 


342 


A  "Plastiforra"  block  for  forming  aircraft  metal  parts 

PLASTMCS  MARCH  1945 


tee,  have  found  Plastijorm  especially  valuable  in  the  con- 
struction of  stretcher  dies.  A  recent  experimental  set-up 
revealed  that  such  a  stretcher  die  was  capable  of  withstand- 
ing a  load  of  1,250,000  Ibs.  on  a  large  stretch  press;  this 
load  was  sufficient  to  shear  the  3/16"  duraluminum  sheet 
that  was  being  stretched. 

Several  thermosetting  plastics  have  more  compressive 
strength  than  Plastijorm,  but  none  of  course,  can  be  re- 
claimed, and  few  have  the  new  material's  impact  resistance 
of  1/3  ft.  Ibs.  (Izod). 

Because  it  is  practically  100%  resistant  to  acids  and 
alkalies,  and  repels  water  and  oils,  Plastijorm  should  be 
particularly  useful  in  the  future  as  a  material  for  making 
electroplating  vats  and  various  items  of  laboratory  equip- 
ment. END 

Physical  Properties  of  "Plastiform" 

Compressive  strength   (psi) 15,000 

Impact  resistance    (ft  Ib,    liod) 1/3 

Melting  point  (°F) 240 

Flash  point   (°F) 510 

Resistance  to  acids  and  alkalies Complete 

Resistance  to  water  and  oils Complete 

Thermal  expansion    None 

Thermal  contraction None 

Machinability    Excellent 

Normal   color    Gray 

Effect  of  fumes  when  heated Non-toxic 

Time  (min)  required  to  cool 4 

Warpage    None 

Abrasive   characteristics None 

Reclamability    Complete 

Finish    Smooth,  glossy 


Plastics  Place  in  Aviation 

(Continued  from  page  78) 


liners  in  the  self  sealing  fuel  cell  compartment,  shown  in  the 
center  wing  panels,  bullets  puncturing  the  wing  surfaces 
flowered  the  metal  skin.  Protruding  metal  fingers  tended 
to  hold  the  bullet  hole  open  and  thus,  prevented  the  cell 
from  sealing.  Of  all  the  materials  tried  so  far,  resin  im- 
pregnated Fiberglas  sheeting  does  the  best  job  of  protecting 
fuel  cells.  A  bullet  passing  through  Fiberglas  panels  makes 
a  small  clean  hole  through  which  ragged  metal  fingers  do 
not  penetrate. 

One  of  the  most  prolific  industrial  uses  of  plastics  is  for 
electrical  insulation  (See  "Harnessed  Power,"  in  this  is- 
sue). In  aircraft  this  is  likewise  true.  One  can  find  plas- 
tic insulating  panels,  junction  boxes,  ignition  system  parts, 
antenna  masts  and  tuning  units,  instrument  housings  and 
hundreds  of  other  parts  used  extensively  for  electrical  adap- 
tation. A  member  of  the  Lockheed  Aircraft  Corp.  reported 
recently  that  a  plastics  molded  distributor  housing  used  on 
the  P-38  Lightning  fighter  permits  electrical  arcs  at  alti- 
tudes thousands  of  feet  higher  than  would  be  possible  with 
any  other  type  of  cover. 

Up  in  the  nose  of  the  bomber,  eight  .50  caliber  machine 
guns  sweep  forward  with  an  impressive  display  of  fire- 
power. Surrounding  the  rigidly  mounted  guns  is  an  assort- 
ment of  feed  and  ejection  chutes,  ammunition  boxes,  hop- 
pers, guards,  deflector  plates  and  molded  blast  tube  sleeves. 
Altogether,  the  plastic  complement  of  the  eight  gun  nose 
assembly  comprises  52  formed  and  molded  plastic  items. 
(See  "Phenolics  Boost  B-25  Firepower":  PLASTICS,  Feb. 
1945).  Obviously,  the  same  reasoning  applies  here  for  this 
wide  use  of  plastics  as  was  previously  given  for  the  long 
ammunition  chutes  and  boxes  employed  in  the  tail  gun  po- 
sition. It  was  desired  to  obtain  the  maximum  efficiency  of 
operation  with  the  use  of  a  lighter,  non-deformable  ma- 
terial that  possessed  better  all  around  serviceable  properties 
f'->r  this  purpose  than  other  materials.  For  approval  test  it 


A  compttlt.  tini.  of  uui  maUMau.  jo*  vi*.  motam,  and  laminato* 


Phenopreg  repre- 
sent* a  complete  line  of  im- 
pregnated   paper*,    sheeting*,    and 
fabric*  for  both  high  and  low  preeeur*  mold- 
ing   or    laminating.    Reem    treatment*    include 
phenolic,    urea    and    melamine    grades     We    are    the 
only  producer  of  a  complete   range  of  treated    materials 
for  molding  and  specialty  use*. 

Phenopreg  can  b*  supplied  in  roll  or  sheet  form  at  well  a*  i 
die  cut  pattern*. 

•BB^*e^*^s*^M**BH  —phenolic  impregnated  material*  including 
paper*.  *he«ting*.  duck*  and  fibergta*  boae  grades.  For  molding,  lami- 
nating, reinforcement  of  phenolic  powder*,  and  *pecialty  use*  euch  a* 
filter*,  rubber  printing  plate  backing,  and  plywood  surfacing. 


PHENOPRIG  0.  F. 


i  —urea  reein  impregnated  paper*  and  cloth*  for  low 
preeeure  molding  and  laminating. 


PHENOPREG  MB 


_     ,  — melamine   reein   impregnated    paper*  and  cloth* 
for  decorative  surfaces,  graphic  and  instruction  panel*,  laminate*  and 
•urfacing  material*   Decorative  grade*  can  be  supplied  in  solid  color* 
or  colored  pattern*. 


I 


—laminated  Phenopreg  in  standard  grade*  and 
thicknesses    for    mechanical    part*   and    electrical    panel*. 
Standard  grade*  available  from  *tock. 

We  invite  your  inquirie*  and  offer  our  laboro- 
tory  and  engineering  facilities  for  the  solu- 
tion of  your  molding  or  laminat- 
ing problems. 


DETROIT  WAX  PAPER  CO. 

PLASTICS   DIVISION 

1721   Pleasant  Avenue.  River  Rouge   16.  Michigan 


EAGLE  GRINDING  WHEEL  CO. 

Manufacturers  of 

GRINDING  WHEELS  &  MOUNTED  POINTS 

Vitrified,  Silicate,  Bakelite,  Rubber  &  Elastic  Bonds 


lie. 


GENERAL  OFFICE  AND 

FACTORY 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

SALES  OFFICES 


Detroit 


lotto* 

MIUKMpollt 


S*« 


Dl.trib.tori   In   Prt»clp«l  CW»»« 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


Ml 


THE 

CHEMICAL 

MANUFACTURING 

CO. 

INDUSTRIAL    AND 
FINE    CHEMICALS 

FOR     THE 

PLASTICS  INDUSTRY 

• 

52   WILLIAM  ST.  NEW  YORK   5,  N.  Y. 


PHONE  NO. 
BOWLING  GREEN  9-4472 


'/FAME 


builHoyour 
own  specifications 


AUcHaUjhtteA, 


are  made  by  our  own  special  processes . .  Tell  us 
what  you  need  or  for  what  purpose  you  need  it, 
and  we  shall  be  glad  to  offer  suggestions  as  to 
the  ideal  material,  construction,  etc.,  best  suited. 
WRITE  US  TODAY: 


HALL  Line  CORPORATION, 
3525  A  Park  Ave.,  Highland  Mills,  N.  Y. 


was  required  to  fire  18,000  rounds  through  each  gun.  This 
is  conceded  to  be  equivalent  to  approximately  fifty  missions 
or  the  minimum  normal  combat  life  of  the  airplane.  At  the 
completion  of  the  firing  test  no  failures  were  observed  any- 
where with  aluminum,  steel  and  plastic  component  members 
all  functioning  together  in  one  unit. 

Earlier  it  was  mentioned  that  as  a  rule  military  airplanes 
were  devoid  of  external  applications  of  plastics.  An  ex- 
ception to  the  general  rule  is  adequately  exemplified  by  the 
chin  turret  fairing  which  fairs  the  lower  ball  turret  into  the 
bottom  of  the  fuselage.  The  original  fairing  is  installed 
upon  the  B-17  Flying  Fortress.  A  laminated  wood  housing 
tried  first  in  this  application  failed.  The  aluminum  part 
considered  next  was  rejected  in  favor  of  laminated  fabric 
base  phenolic  plastics  fairing  for  reasons  of  cost  and  weight 
saving.  A  reduction  in  weight  of  5  pounds  was  realized  in 
the  conversion.  As  far  as  is  known  these  fairings  have 
been  used  on  the  Flying  Fortress  for  nearly  two  years  with 
no  evidence  of  deterioration  from  climatic  conditions. 

To  avoid  including  repetitious  matter,  particularly  in 
view  of  the  alloted  space  for  this  subject,  it  becomes  nec- 
essary to  pass  lightly  over  several  more  worthy  plastic  ap- 
plications. Among  these  are  free  blown  transparent  cano- 
pies, low  pressure  molded  external  wing  bomb  rack  fairings, 
droppable  fuel  tanks,  wing  tips,  coolant  radiator  ducts  and 
leading  edge  castings,  carburetor  ducts,  engine  cowls  and 
formed  flak  plate  housings,  all  more  or  less  used  in  or  on 
fighter  airplanes.  The  methyl  methacrylate  enclosure,  free 
blown  canopy,  does  away  with  the  old  method  of  installing 
separate  formed  sections  in  metal  frame  work  structures. 
The  main  advantages  obtained,  hower,  are  reduction  of  in- 
stallation time,  elimination  of  blind  spots  and  full  vision  for 
the  pilot  in  all  directions. 

Insofar  as  the  other  parts  listed  are  concerned,  they  are 
products  of  a  new  development  which  is  daily  becoming 
more  useful  to  aircraft  manufacture.  This  process  consists 
of  a  method  whereby  an  assembly  of  low  pressure  resin  im- 
pregnated fiberous  material  is  formed  to  the  shape  of  male 
or  female  die  arrangements  and  subsequently  baked  until  a 
hard,  fully  cured  state  is  achieved.  The  ease  with  which 
this  process  lends  itself  to  the  fabrication  of  odd  shaped 
parts  is  compatible  and  consistent  with  the  design  require- 
ments in  the  aircraft  industry  and  allows  the  engineer  more 
freedom  of  design  which  heretofore  has  been  restricted  to 
the  manufacturing  limitations  of  metal  and  other  materials. 

Future  Trend  in  Aircraft 

Much  speculation  has  been  made  concerning  the  future 
trend  of  plastics  in  aircraft  with  and  without  benefit  of  sub- 
stantiating fact.  It  has  often  been  said  that  the  public  some 
day  would  behold  the  all-plastics  airplane,  automobile,  boat 
and  other  likely  prospects.  No  one  can  say  that  the  air- 
plane today  is  all  aluminum  any  more  than  that  the  auto- 
mobile is  all  steel.  Both  vehicles  are  made  up  of  several 
different  types  of  material. 

To  the  automotive  industry,  where  weight  is  secondary 
to  other  considerations,  steel  is  cheap,  strong  and  ideally 
suited  to  their  production  tooling.  By  the  same  token,  the 
aircraft  industry  prefers  aluminum  for  its  lightness, 
strength  and  workability.  But  in  either  case,  although 
aluminum  or  steel  is  representative  of  95  percent  of  the  sur- 
face area,  it  requires  the  addition  of  other  useful  materials 
to  make  a  finished  product. 

Also,  as  the  vehicle  was  designed  and  material  developed 
to  conform  to  structural  requirements,  so  was  production 
tooling.  One  can  seldom  be  divorced  from  the  other. 
Therefore,  an  engineer  or  production  man  must  think  of  all 
materials  in  terms  of  plant  facilities. 

The  question  which  invariably  arises  to  confront  them  is, 
first,  can  it  be  processed  with  plant  equipment?  If  not, 
secondly,  where  can  such  material  be  processed  to  their 


344 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


iccification  ?  As  a  result,  "feeder"  companies  supply  spe- 
alized  items  ultimately  consumed  in  the  construction  of 
1  airplane.  This  in  effect  is  the  relationship  of  plastics  to 
rcraft.  And  it  must  necessarily  remain  on  such  a  basis 
\  \OI\K  as  metal  and  plastic  fabricating  techniques  and  tools 
differ.  In  other  words,  manufacturers  are  tooled  up  to 
produce  metal  airplanes  and  they  are  not  receptive  to  any 
proposal  to  make  a  complete  change  in  production  proce- 
dure and  tooling  now  in  operation  for  those  necessary  for 
the  fabrication  of  a  plastics  project  if  contracts  are  not 
guaranteed  by  future  demands.  Therefore,  if  all-plastics 
airplanes  are  to  be  built  in  production  quantities  equivalent 
to  or  greater  than  the  present  system,  means  must  be  pro- 
vided to  change  or  improve  tooling,  manufacturing  proc- 

and  structural  design. 

The  infiltration  of  plastics  in  the  metal  tooling  program 
itcworthy  advancement  toward  the  attainment  of  more 
efficient  production  of  aircraft.  Beginning  with  the  incep- 
tion of  plastics  tooling  on  the  West  Coast,  the  activities 
ha\  <•  spread  to  nearly  all  major  airplane  factories.  While 
nio-t  of  the  original  experimentation  dealt  with  thermo- 
plastic resins  compounded  into  drop  hammer  dies  and  hy- 
dropress  form  blocks,  the  movement  has  enlarged  to  include 
thennosetting  materials  as  well.  Further  work  in  this  di- 
m-tiim  \\.-IN  responsible  for  the  development  of  nesting  fix- 
tures to  hold  aluminum  castings  while  being  machined, 
stretch  dies  for  extrusion  stretch  presses  and  an  assortment 
of  fixtures  and  jigs  used  in  the  production  of  aluminum 
part-..  Plastics  has  made  it  possible  to  solve  many  of  the 
difficult  problems  common  to  metal  tooling.  In  addition  the 
construction  of  plastics  tooling  is  a  relatively  simple  and 
inexpensive  method  which  reduces  tooling  cost  and  produc- 
tion time  to  speed  the  manufacture  of  aircraft. 

An  airframe  is  a  structure  comprising  several  thousand 
integral  parts  assembled  and  held  together  by  countless 
rivets.  Individual  parts  made  on  the  hydropress,  drop- 
hammer,  and  by  other  operations,  flowing  from  all  sections 
of  the  factory  to  sub-assembly  jigs  or  the  final  assembly 
line  are  pieced  together  to  form  the  basic  structure  of  an 
airplane.  A  vast  organization  is  required  to  coordinate  and 
follow  these  parts  through  many  different  departments  dur- 
ing the  processing. 

"Glass  Fuselage"  Tested 

The  specific  gravity  of  aluminum  largely  dictates  the  type 
of  -tructures  designed  for  aircraft.  Since  the  performance 
and  efficiency  of  an  airplane  depends  upon  the  normal  gross 
wi-iifht,  engineers,  in  order  to  improve  its  speed  and  ma- 
neuverability, have  specialized  in  monocoque  design.  There- 
to obtain  the  best  strength  to  weight  ratio,  the  gauge 
of  sheet  metal  must  be  reduced  to  a  point  where  instability 
is  a  prime  factor.  Hence  the  structure  must  be  reinforced 
and  stabilized  with  stringers,  bulkheads,  ribs,  etc. 

Plastics  may  be  a  solution  to  these  problems.  Recently 
an  aft  monocoque  fuselage  section  was  built  for  the  BT-15 
trainer  airplane.  The  fuselage  molded  in  one  unit  consists 
of  low  pressure,  resin-impregnated  Fiberglas  laminated  to 
a  low  density  core  material.  This  structure  when  tested 
proved  50  percent  stronger  than  metal  fabrication  and  80 
percent  stronger  than  a  wooden  fuselage  on  a  strength- 
weight  basis.  Conceived,  designed  and  built  at  Wright 
Field  by  the  A.T.S.C.  Engineering  Division,  the  fuselage 
did  not  "flower"  under  gunfire;  high  explosive  projectiles 
failed  to  detonate  because  of  the  material's  low  density. 
Encouraged  by  the  success  of  the  fuselage  section,  Wright 
Field  has  contracted  to  have  several  sets  of  wings  built  for 
the  AT-6  airplane  for  similar  tests. 

Thus,  if  the  use  of  plastics  will  continue  to  enable  the 
airplane  manufacturer  to  simplify  production  methods,  save 
weight,  costs  and  manhours,  the  future  of  synthetic  materi- 
als in  the  aeronautical  field  holds  great  promise.  END 


CONTRACT  &  CUSTOM 

Injection 

PLASTICS 
MOLDING 

DESIGNING  OF  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 

Write  today  for  quotations 
Specify  your  requirements 


UNITED  PLASTIC  CORP. 


144  Flaqg  Street 


Clinton.  Mass. 


WALNUT 
SHELL  FLOUR 

•  Organic  industrial  flour — homogene- 
ous, tough,  non-fibrous.  Uniform  grains, 
in  several  grades,  for  use  in  all  types  of 
resin  dispersion: 

PAINTS 

PLASTICS 

PLYWOOD  RESIN  ADHESIVES 

Sample  I  OH   »KJ»«if 

AGICIDE    LABORATORIES,  INC. 


SoUi  O«c«: 
1717  Toy  lor  Av.nu. 
Rocin*.    W 


GrUdinf  Ptanf  : 
4S4t  loud!*!  ll.d 
Lo.  A.g.l,,,  Colit 


M  MICH   1945 


I'LASTICS 


MS 


Black  thermoplastic  Resin,  melting  point  either 
300  or  340°F,  crystalline  form,  bags.  Principal 
uses — Molding  Compounds,  paints  and  varnishes, 
inks,  rubber  compounding  and  principal  ingredi- 
ent in  an  artificial  rubber. 

CARBON    POWDERS — ACTIVATED    CARBON — OIL, 

SOLUBLE  DYES — FLEXIBLE  LACQUER — CARBU- 

RIZINC  COMPOUND — CARBON  COKES 


WILSON  CARBON  COMPANY 


INCORPORATED 


60  E.  42nd  St. 


NEW  YORK  17.  N.  Y. 


in    MOULDING 

From  Simple  Production  fo  Infrlcofe  Multi-insert  Design 

The  diversity  in  the  products  illustrated  truly  reflects  Zollinger's  ex- 
tensive facilities  for  producing  plastics. 

Well  known  for  designing,  engineering  and  mold-making  ability 
.  .  .  complete  plant  production  Is  now  available  for  all  types  of 
molding.  Compression  ...  up  to  200  tons  hand,  semi-automatic 
or  fully  automatic  press  operation 

'"'"""""" 


1245  Warren  Avenue 


PLASTICS  PRODUCTS 

Downers  Grove,  Illinois 


Wnp  It  Up! 

(Continued  from  page  60) 


J 


development  has  not,  by  any  means,  been  confined  to  that 
material.  Molded  and  cast  pieces  will  increasingly  make 
themselves  evident.  Plastics  of  film  gauge  have  not  yet 
found  any  considerable  adoption  in  this  field,  except  as 
windows  in  paperboard  display  packages,  yet  there  is  al- 
ways the  possibility  that  they  may. 

Molded  and  cast  display  packaging,  when  the  plastics  is 
not  in  combination  with  other  materials,  has  one  of  its  most 
familiar  employments  in  the  rack  or  open  container,  which 
constitutes  the  immediate  point  of  sale  of  the  product.  They 
have  held  arrays  of  cigarette  and  chewing  gum  packs, 
lower-priced  cosmetic  jars  and  many  other  items.  They 
have,  actually,  a  combination  of  display  and  dispenser  func- 
tions and  it  is  in  this  form  that  heavy-gauge  display  pack- 
aging found  greatest  usefulness.  When,  however,  the  pieces 
on  display  are  for  display  purposes  only,  or  when  freshness 
of  appearance  is  to  be  preserved,  whether  or  not  the  pieces 
are  dispensed,  the  role  of  molded  and  cast  plastics  becomes 
a  supplementary  one.  In  that  case,  rigid  sheeting  takes 
chief  place,  in  most  cases  as  transparent  cover.  There  was 
a  time  when  this  cover  on  display  packaging  was  of  glass. 
In  many  cases,  it  still  is.  But  transparent  rigid  sheeting  is 
rapidly  replacing  it,  not  only  because  the  plastics  lacks  the 
fragility  of  glass,  but  also  because,  for  many  shapes,  it  is 
easier  to  form  to  required  contour. 

Although,  rigid  transparent  sheeting  is  used  occasionally 
all  by  itself  in  counter  display  packaging,  it  is  found  more 
often  in  combination  with  other  materials.  And  those  com- 
binations are  quite  diverse.  Here  are  some  examples,  us- 
ing cellulose  acetate:  sheeting  for  counter  top  and  walls, 
solid  (rod)  trim  along  the  joints,  cushion  of  white  uphol- 
stery fabric,  base  of  paperboard  (for  pipe  display)  ;  cyl- 
indrical walls  of  sheeting,  base  of  tin,  humidor  lid  of  tin 
(for  display  and  dispensing  of  cigars)  ;  drawn  dome  of 
sheeting,  base  of  solid  cast  phenolic,  lacquered  metal  trim 
(vitamin  display) ;  dome  and  walls  of  sheeting,  joints 
trimmed  with  silver  metallic  rod,  base  of  natural  grain 
wood  (pipe  display).  These  few  examples  alone  show  the 
various  potentialities  of  the  combination  of  plastics  with 
other  materials  in  the  designing  of  counter  display  packag- 
ing. 

Re-use  Packaging 

At  first  thought,  film  would  not  appear  to  be  a  form  of 
plastics  packaging  that  one  would  associate  with  a  re-use 
function.  And  yet  there  is  more  than  one  concrete  instance 
to  show  that  film  has  its  potentialities  even  in  that  direc- 
tion. A  film  packaging  has  been  developed  for  paint  brushes 
to  provide  protection  against  dust  and  dirt  before  use.  But 
one  of  the  selling  points  for  this  package  is  the  fact  that 
the  film  envelope  is  intended  for  storage  of  the  brush  after 
use.  Before  the  war,  one  form  of  Pliofilm,  of  a  "sheathing" 
character,  made  hoods  for  food  dishes  placed  in  the  refrig- 
erator. The  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.  has  a  postwar 
project  for  placing  this  form  of  Pliofilm  in  the  re-use  pack- 
aging field.  The  stated  intention  is  to  provide  Pliofilm  of 
this  kind  for  the  packaging  of  a  varied  group  of  dry  goods, 
including,  among  others,  sweaters,  bathing  suits,  blankets, 
towels,  napkins  and  so  on.  The  Pliofilm  envelopes  will  be  re- 
usable for  many  other  purposes. 

Generally,  however,  re-use  packaging  has  found  and  is 
likely  to  continue  to  find  its  most  adaptable  materials  in 
rigid  sheeting  and  in  molding  and  castings. 

In  rigid  sheeting,  it  may  be  expected  that  the  emphasis 
on  transparency  will  be  affected  by  the  added  sales-stimu- 
lative quality  of  color.  In  addition,  design  will  look  in- 


.'Ufi 


w.  A  «  T  t  r  « 


IWARPH 


crcasingly  toward  extending  the  re-use  potentialities  of  the 
package.  As  for  example,  there  is  a  package  that  may  sell 
spools  of  thread;  in  re-use,  it  may  hold  buttons  or  fishing 
tackle  or  small  nuts,  bolts  and  screws  or  other  small  hard- 
ware. 

The  utilization  of  color  combinations  in  re-use  packag- 
ing of  the  molded  and  cast  types  has  long  been  prevalent. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  potentialities  of  the  combination  of 
I  plastics  with  other  materials,  like  wood  and  metal,  haven't 
nearly  been  realized.   As  in  the  case  of  rigid  sheeting,  di- 
I  versification  of  re-use  possibilities  is  to  be  looked  for.  The 
I  highly  sales-incentive  attribute  of  re-use  packaging  has  al- 
\  ready  been  discussed  here.    The  extent  to  which  this  is 
1  valid  may  be  seen  from  the  fact  that  there  are  re-use  pack- 
ages that  are  higher  in  manufacturing  cost  than  the  prod- 
ucts they  house  and  that  the  consumer  may  often  buy  a 
package  not  for  the  contents  but  for  the  package. 

Dispenser  Packaging 

Packaging  for  dispensing  by  the  consumer,  as  distin- 
guished from  point-of-sale  dispensing  is  here  considered 
as  including  the  dispensing  of  both  liquids  from  bottles  and 
solids  from  other  types  of  container. 

Candidly,  the  glass  bottle  is  still  for  from  being  dis- 
placed by  the  plastics  bottle.  True,  the  development  of  new 
resins  is  causing  some  plastics  to  match  glass  for  \vide 
range  of  chemical  resistances — polystyrene,  for  example.  It 
is  also  true  that  no  plastics  shatters  as  glass  does.  There 
is  the  additional  fact  that,  volume  for  volume,  most  plas- 
tics are  lighter  than  glass.  But  two  problems  remain.  First, 
and  more  important ;  that  the  material  for  a  plastics  bottle 
is  about  three  times  more  expensive  as  that  for  a  glass  bot- 
tle. Second,  plastics  bottle  manufacture  does  not  yet  have 
the  well-standardized  automatic  means  of  fabrication  that 
exists  in  the  glass  bottle  industry. 

An  interesting  and  perhaps  promising  development  of  the 
last  year  or  so  is  the  blown  plastics  bottle.  In  this  process, 
the  plastics  is  extruded  as  a  bubble  and  is  blown  against  a 
mold  of  the  required  shape  and  dimensions.  Bottles  have 
been  made  by  this  method  of  polystyrene  where  resistance 
to  chemicals  was  the  requirement  and  of  cellulose  acetate 
where  the  prime  requisite  was  strength. 

The  observations  made  on  the  cost  factors  that  militate 
against  the  plastics  bottle  apply  where  the  contents  are  in 
the  low  or  medium  priced  class.  But  where  the  contents 
are  high-priced,  disparity  in  bottle  cost  is  not  much  of  a 
consideration.  Expensive  perfumes  and  other  liquid  cos- 
metic preparations,  for  which  the  container  must  be  deco- 
ratively  in  consonance  with  the  price  of  the  product,  are 
frequently  found  in  plastics  bottles. 

When  we  discuss  dispenser  packaging  and  its  relation  to 
solid  content  we  find  widespread  utilization  of  plastics  for 
containers.  The  packaging  of  cosmetic  creams,  for  in- 
stance, is  definitely  taking  that  direction.  Face  powders 
and  rouge,  especially  those  of  the  better  grade,  are  now 
seen  in  plastics  containers  everywhere.  Lipstick  holders, 
too,  lean  away  from  metals.  As  a  general  statement,  it  can 
be  said  that  the  cosmetics  industry  is  still  the  dominant 
user  of  plastics  for  dispenser  packaging. 

Closures 

Plastics  bottle  and  jar  caps,  most  of  which  are  molded 
or  cast  from  phenolic,  urea  and  styrene  resins,  are  an  old 
story,  of  course.  In  the  simply  shaped  bottle  caps,  includ- 
ing those  in  which  the  closure  function  is  supplemented 
with  color  for  sales  appeal,  the  developments  that  may  be 
anticipated  are  mainly  improvements  in  the  characteristics 
of  the  material  itself,  such  as  dimensional  stability  (which, 
in  some  plastics,  is  already  excellent)  and  extension  of  the 
range  of  chemical  resistances  and  improvement  in  fabrica- 


Assembly  and  fabrication  of  27  part  model 

aircraft  Beets  Army  Air  Force  inspection. 

Parts  Milled  by  Cram  Mlf.  Co. 


You  [*joy  With 

PRECISION  FABRICATION 

As  a  preliminary  step  to  molding,  fabri- 
cation avoid*  initial  high  tooling  co»ti 
and  enables  you  to  thoroughly  test  your 
product  to  assure  correct  design  and 
economical  production. 
As  a  finishing  step  after  molding,  pre- 
cision fabrication  and  assembly  are 
established  necessities. 
At  Plastiiab  you'll  find  a  vigorous  organ- 
ization with  all  facilities  for  high  stand- 
ard workmanship  from  model  making 
to  line  pioducton. 


PLASTIFAB 

1404-6-8    EAST   67th    STRUT 

CHICAGO,   ILLINOIS 
Telephone  MIOway   3688 


A  company  is  known  by 
the  customers  it  serves! 


ENGINEERING     SPECIALTIES     CORPORATION 

*-  has  designed,  engineered  and  produced 
highly  intricate  types  of  precision-built  plas- 
tic molds  for  many  of  the  most  prominent 
molders  in  the  country.  A  list  of  our  prin- 
cipal customers  will  be  supplied  on  request. 

»  »  In  our  organization  are  nationally- 
known  authorities  on  plastic  molds  and 
molding.  Their  long  experience  in  this  field 
has  repeatedly  proved  to  be  of  great  practical 
value  to  our  clients. 

»  JO1  We  are  prepared  to  give  you  prompt 
delivery  on  any  type  of  mold  you  require. 
Your  inquiry  will  receive  immediate  atten- 
tion from  our  designing  and  consulting 
division.  Phone,  write  or  wire  today. 

Engineering    Specialties    Corporation 

3476  Gibson,  Dttroit  1,  Michigan 

PRECISION-BUILT        PLASTIC       MOLDS 
COMPRESSION      •      INJECTION      •      TRANSPIR 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


347 


PANELYTE 


Laminated  Phenolic  Sheet,  Rod.  Tubes 

Whsn  the  job  calls  for  high  mechanical  strength 
together  with  good  electrical  qualities,  consider 
the  use  of  Panelyte  laminated  phenolic  sheets, 
rods  and  tubes.  They  are  impervious  to  most 
acids  and  alkalies  and  are  readily  machined. 

For  your  convenience  we  carry  in  Chicago  a 
representative  stock  of  standard  Panelyte 
grades.  In  addition  we  have  a  complete  fabri- 
cating plant  and  can  furnish: 

AIRCRAFT  SPECIALTIES— fairleads,  pulleys,  etc. 

WASHERS — any  size,  one  or  a  million. 

GEAR   BLANKS— Band  Sawed  or  smooth  turned  to 

size. 

PANELS— Cut  to  size,  drilled,  tapped  and  engraved. 
PUNCHINGS— Simple  or  intricate. 
SCREW  MACHINE  PARTS  from  rod  or  tubing. 
SPECIALTIES  from  Rods  and  Tubes. 
VALVE  DISCS  for  Oil,  Steam  and  Water. 

Would  you  like  a  technical  Booklet  on  Panelyte? 
Send  lor  one  on  your  letterhead. 

Chicago  Fabricated  Products 

355  North  Justine  St. 
Chicago  7.  111. 


As  far  reaching  as  the 
Great  Lakes  Waterways  are  the  facili- 
ties of  the  GREAT  LAKES  PLASTICS  for 
covering  the  plastic  industry. 


novelty  or  precision 


compression-injection-extrusion 


Let  us  help  you  solve  your  plastic  problems. 
Immediate  attention  assured. 

GREAT  LAKES  PLASTICS 


1950  W.  Ogden  Ave. 


Chicago,  Illinois 


ing  methods,  although  even  now  these  are  becoming  in- 
creasingly rapid  and  automatic.  However,  the  design  of 
closures  has  not  been  static  at  the  point  of  closure  function 
alone.  It  has  progressed  a  long  distance  along  the  road  of 
sales  stimulation.  Here  again,  the  cosmetic  field,  with  its 
highly  decorative  closures,  has  gone  farthest,  but  the  idea 
can  be  expected  to  spread. 

Another  development  that  will  make  increasing  head- 
way is  the  dispensing  closure — a  matter,  in  this  case,  of 
mechanical,  instead  of  decorative,  design.  An  old  standby 
in  this  group  is  the  atomizer  top.  A  more  recent  one  is 
the  dispenser  cap,  with  either  cork  inner  grip  or  outer  fric- 
tion fit,  for  liquor  bottles.  Still  more  recent  is  the  spout 
and  siphon,  both  of  polystyrene,  for  dispensing  charged  wa- 
ter. Within  the  past  year,  the  design  of  dispensing  closures 
has  taken  still  another  tack  in  an  oil  can  spout  injection 
molded  of  cellulose  acetate.  It  was  found  possible  to  nar- 
low  the  spout  orifice  to  a  smaller  diameter  in  plastics  than 
is  usual  in  metal  spouts,  so  that  the  dispensing  of  the  oil 
drops  can  be  better  controlled.  It  happens,  in  this  case, 
that  not  only  the  spout,  but  the  whole  oilcan,  which  was 
produced  to  Navy  specifications,  is  of  plastics.  The  cap 
into  which  the  spout  fits  is  compression  molded  of  phe- 
nolic; the  shoulder  of  the  can  is  injection  molded  of  cellu- 
lose acetate ;  and  the  body  is  cast  in  one  piece  of  thin-walled 
cellulose  acetate. 

Industrial  Packaging 

The  decorative  eye-appeal  considerations  that  are  often 
so  important  in  consumer  packaging  arc,  of  course,  of  lit- 
tle consequence  in  industrial  packaging.  But  aside  from 
that,  all  the  other  plastics  packaging  functions  will  be  found 
utilized  to  greater  or  lesser  degree. 

Protective  packaging  has  become  so  integral  a  part  of 
transshipment  and  storage  for  war  purposes,  especially  for 
metal  parts  and  mechanical  components,  that  it  must  have 
extensive  application  in  industry  postwar. 

Re-use  is  a  less  obvious  packaging  function  for  industry. 
Still,  where  small  mechanical  parts  are  delivered  packed 
in  rigid  sheeting  containers  (and  this  is  another  wartime 
development)  the  boxes  will  be  reusable  for  containing 
other  small  parts — in  some  cases,  for  dispensing  parts  to 
an  operator  at  the  machine. 

Plastics  bottles  would  seem  to  be  destined  for  industrial 
uses.  And  dispensing  closures,  not  only  for  oils  but  also  for 
other  liquids  that  require  slow  dispensing,  constitute  a  likely 
adjunct  of  industry. 

Transparent  foil  and  film,  primarily  employed  as  pro- 
tective packaging  for  metal  parts,  have  another  potential 
value.  They  make  possible  the  visual  inspection  of  parts 


BEADED    BLANK 


ADHESIVE 


BOXBOARD 

OR  ETHOCEL  SHEETING 


SECTION 


COMPLETED    BOTTOM 


Production  economies  in  the  fabrication  of  transparent  side- 
walled  containers  can  be  effected  by  continuously  beading  both 
sides  of  a  strip  of  "Ethocel"  sheeting.  Circular  and  oval  bot- 
toms are  made  by  interlocking  beads  and  cementing  the  overlap 


348 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


on  delivery  and  before  storage  without  the  necessity  for 
disturbing  the  wrapping. 

Fabrication 

Methods  oi  fabrication  of  the  plastics  package  vary  as 
widely  as  do  the  function  and  form  of  material.  In  sonic- 
cases,  the  production  of  the  package  itself  is  a  plastics  in- 
dustry operation;  in  others  it  is  not. 

In  the  case  of  wraps  of  foil  or  dim  or  laminated  papers 
and  of  direct  coating,  the  fabrication  of  the  actual  package 
takes  place  in  the  plant  in  which  the  package  contents  are 
produced.  The  machinery  for  placing  the  coating  or  wrap- 
ping around  the  product  is  part  of  the  plant's  equipment. 

Packaging  made  of  rigid  plastics  sheeting  is  generally 
contracted  for  outside  the  plant  that  makes  the  package 
contents.  The  slow  development  of  automatic  machinery  in 
this  field  has  been  a  considerable  damper  on  a  type  of  pack- 
aging that  has  great  potentialities.  The  excellent  progress 
so  far  made  in  packaging  with  rigid  sheeting  has  taken 
place  in  the  face  of  this  drawback. 

The  fabricating  methods  hitherto  used  for  rigid  sheeting 
are  longitudinal  seaming,  spiral  winding,  folding,  drawing 
and  extrusion. 

Tubular  containers  of  the  longitudinally  seamed  type  are 
made  of  a  sheet  rolled  over  on  itself,  with  the  meeting  edges 
sealed  in  a  lap  joint.  Automatic  operation  of  the  curling 
and  sealing  parts  of  the  process  has  made  progress,  but  the 
affixing  of  disc  bottoms  is  still  mostly  a  hand-operated  task. 

The  spiral-wound  container  is  made  by  having  a  strip  of 
sheeting  stock  spirally  wound  on  a  mandrel  at  the  same 
time  that  the  meeting  edges  are  bonded,  all  in  continuous 
motion.  There  has  been  little  progress  toward  the  develop- 
ment of  automatic  machinery  specifically  for  this  process. 
There  have  been  adaptations  from  machinery  used  for  mak- 
ing spiral-wound  tubing  of  paper,  but  they  have  been  inade- 
quate, especially  for  plastics  cementing  requirements. 

Since  elimination  of  all  visible  seams,  whether  longi- 
tudinal or  spiral,  in  tubular  containers  of  transparent  rigid 
sheeting  would  greatly  enhance  the  attractiveness  of  this 
packaging,  an  extrusion  method  of  fabrication  would  ap- 
pear to  be  a  logical  procedure.  The  drawback  is  that  ma- 
chinery so  far  developed  for  this  purpose  drastically  limits 
application.  Except  in  a  few  experimental  instances,  the 
maximum  diameter  now  available  for  extruded  tubes  of 
ri^id  sheeting  gauge  is  2J4".  Yet  this  method  of  fabricating 
this  tubing  is  so  definitely  correct  that  processes  for  the 
extrusion  of  large  diameters  ought  to  be  an  early  develop- 
ment. 

Tnl  ike  the  manufacture  of  folded  paper  and  cardboard 
boxes,  in  which  the  sheet  is  prepared  for  folding  by  scor- 
ing- at  the  line  of  the  fold,  the  material  for  folded  plastics 
boxes  cannot  be  scored.  The  line  of  the  fold  must  be  heated 
before  the  sheet  can  be  bent.  Localizing  the  heat  along  the 
line  of  the  fold  has  generally  been  accomplished  by  heating 
the  whole  die  and  then  insulating  all  parts  not  in  the  line  of 
the  fold,  air  presses  and  long  stroke  presses  ordinarily  be- 
inp  employed  for  this  work.  A  promising  development  in 
folded  box  fabrication  is  electronic  heating.  Unlike  other 
means  in  which  heat  is  applied  to  the  material,  electronic 
heating  generates  heat  within  the  material.  Recent  devel- 
opments have  shown  that  this  generation  can  be  localized 
to  a  fine  line.  This  would  make  it  possible  to  dispense  with 
the  heating  of  dies  and  the  awkwardness  of  insulation. 

How  far  the  folding  method  will  give  way  to  the  deep- 
drawing  process  will  depend  on  the  rapidity  of  develop- 
ment of  fully  automatic  machinery  in  either  field.  In  es- 
sence, the  drawn  container  is  made  in  a  press  in  which  a 
ram,  reciprocating  between  guides,  actuates  a  force  that 
••s  the  material  into  a  die.  A  number  of  machines 
have  been  developed  specifically  for  this  process.  Some  of 


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349 


Hera's  skill  and 
quick  service... 


and  Qtk&i  Qi 


rie^fc 


On  Plastic  and  ether  materials  .  .  .  Art.  Design, 
Color  and  Finish  as  best  suited  to  your  product 
...  For  Industry.  Advertising  and  over-the- 
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COLORFUL  AND  FINISHING  TOUCHES  to  plastic 
plates,  covers,  dials,  gaskets,  art  specialties,  accessories, 
toys,  games,  novelties. 

THERMOPLASTIC  COATING  on  thin  papers  and 
all  surfaces  ;  Sealing,  gumming,  fabrication,  machining, 
die-cutting,  shaping  and  allied  services. 

WORKING  TOO  with  paper,  cardboard,  wood,  glass, 
metal,  fabrics,  etc.  Specialty  printing,  silk  screen  print- 
ing, stencils  to  order,  imprinting  large  areas.  Plastic 
and  other  production  for  displays,  promotion  and  ad- 
vertising pieces. 

WHATEVER  YOUR  DECORATIVE  OR  FINISH-  ' 
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We  will  reply  promptly  ...  and  our  delivery  record 
is  a  splendid  one. 

SCREEN  PROCESS  COMPANY 

36  S.  Penn.  Street  Indianapolis  4.  Indiana 

A  creative,  designing  and  producing  service 


ELIMINATES 
MANPOWER 
PROBLEMS 

1  HIS 


compact 
automatic  ma- 
chine punches  fins 
and  cleans  holes 
of  Urea,  Phenol  and  Melamine 
buttons.  Completely  automatic  it 
saves  countless  man-hours  of 
work  and  performs  with  perfect 
efficiency.  Can  be  set  and  re-set  to  handle  all 
sizes.  3  models:  Model  S  accepts  sizes  12  to 
34;  Model  SP  accepts  sizes  36  to  50;  Model  SX 
accepts  sizes  12  to  50.  Production  up  to  450 
per  minute. 


CORPORATION 
386  FOURTH  AVENUE  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 


them  were  fairly  effective;  many  were  plagued  by  me- 
chanical breakdowns;  none  of  them  was  fully  automatic. 
A  healthy  stride  in  the  direction  of  the  fabrication  of  deep- 
drawn  plastics  sheeting  containers  by  automatic  means  has 
been  taken  in  the  machinery  mentioned  earlier  by  Mr.  Hop- 
ping. This  press,  a  wartime  development  devised  to  sup- 
ply an  urgent  need  for  the  packaging  of  ammunition  com- 
ponents and  other  service  items,  automatically  draws  the 
containers  from  continuous  lengths  of  cellulose  acetate  or 
nitrate.  As  compared  with  hand  presses,  which  produce 
from  6  to  IS  containers  a  minute,  the  new  press  turns  out 
from  90  to  120. 

While  it  would  seem  that  molding  procedures  would  also 
have  a  place  in  the  fabrication  of  containers  of  rigid  sheet- 
ing, there  has  been  little  development  in  this  direction.  One 
of  the  chief  reasons  for  this  is  the  reluctance  of  custom 
molders  to  work  on  overall  thicknesses  which  are  less  than 


In  the  domain  of  heavy-gauge  plastics  packaging,  most 
of  the  fabrication  is  by  molding  or  casting,  although  a  few 
fine  examples  of  plastics  packaging,  mostly  in  short  pro- 
duction runs,  have  been  fabricated  by  machining  opera- 
tions. A  fair  amount  of  packaging  also  has  been  produced 
by  extrusion,  notably  lipstick  holders.  All  of  the  standard 
molding  and  casting  procedures  come  into  play  here.  Au- 
tomatic molding  machinery  and  casting  techniques  are  well 
developed  and  improvements  are  constantly  being  made. 
Unless  there  are  radically  new  developments  in  the  design 
of  heavy-gauge  packaging,  the  plastics  fabricating  indus- 
tries are  in  good  position  to  meet  all  requirements  in  this 
field.  END 


^Photo    nhowlnt    "Veedol"    motor    oil    container,    courteny    PackajEinis    Parade 


Ken  fores  in  Decoration 

(Continued  from  page  86) 


has  been  partly  engraved,  and  the  design  painted  in  colors 
other  than  the  dominant  blue. 

H.  F.  Pearson,  who  has  been  carrying  out  these  decora- 
tive experiments  for  Rohm  &  Haas  Company,  feels  that  he 
has  only  made  a  beginning  in  this  type  of  work.  The  mate- 
rial, he  says,  "can  be  machined  very  easily  with  relatively 
simple  equipment.  The  tool  we  use  is  not  unlike  a  dentist's 
burr.  The  selection  of  the  shape  of  tool  will  depend  on  the 
delicacy  of  the  design  and  on  the  surface  finish  desired  in 
the  finished  part.  Small  sanding  wheels  will  produce  a  fine, 
frosted  surface;  rough  burrs  will  produce  an  irregular, 
grainy  effect. 

"In  addition  to  these  possible  varieties  in  surface  effect, 
it  is  also  possible  to  introduce  color  by  means  of  the  now 
popular  dip-dyes  which  can  be  applied  either  with  an  eye- 
dropper,  as  illustrated,  or  by  a  paint  brush.  After  coloring, 
we  have  found  it  advisable  to  fill  the  cavity  with  plaster  to 
prevent  accumulation  of  dust. 

"Different  artists  will  prefer  different  techniques  for  this 
engraving  work.  Some  prefer  to  hold  the  Plexiglas  rigid 
and  use  the  engraving  tool  like  a  pencil.  Others  claim 
they  can  obtain  better  control  by  fixing  the  rotating  burr 
and  moving  the  material  against  the  burr. 

"In  either  case  it  is  important  that  the  design  be  engraved 
on  the  back  of  a  sheet,  not  only  so  that  the  objects  will 
appear  to  be  imbedded  in  the  Plexiglas,  but  also  because 
designs  so  engraved  appear  to  have  greater  brilliance  than  a 
design  engraved  on  the  top  surface.  In  addition,  it  is  often 
desirable  to  bevel  the  sides  of  the  piece  approximately  45°, 
for  this  creates  a  frame  of  glowing  reflected  light  around 
the  engraved  object." 


350 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


How   the   use   of   plastics   otters    a   new   approach   to   headdress 
style    is   shown   in   this    "Lumarith"    creation    by    Emile    Norman 


Elmer  J.  Cermato,  who  confesses  that  he  has  not  had  such 
good  luck  with  the  acrylics  and  styrenes,  has  done  nicely 
by  the  Catalin  cast  phenolics.  As  the  illustration  in  color 
shows,  he  has  fabricated  diverse  ornaments,  on  the  theory 
that  if  one  doesn't  "take"  another  will,  and  changing  a 
design  involves  no  extra  tooling  cost.  Actually,  he  reports 
a  heavy  demand  for  them  (when  they  are  available),  and  at 
prices  from  three  to  five  times  as  much  as  can  be  obtained 
for  similar  ornaments  in  other  materials.  He  attributes 
their  attractiveness  to  "the  overall  effect  of  carving  and 
the  combination  of  inlays  and  overlays." 

Here's  how  Mr.  Cermak  gets  one  of  his  most  fetching 
effects — that  of  concentric  circles  in  two  different  colors. 
The  first  step  is  to  inlay  a  rod  of  crystal-clear  Catalin  in  a 
cylinder  of  red  or  whatever  color  is  desired.  The  rod  is 
then  sliced  to  the  desired  thickness,  usually  about  J^-inch, 
after  which  the  flower  or  other  design  is  carved  out  and 
the  petals  are  dyed.  Finally,  this  piece  is  laid  on  top  of  a 
slice  of  white  rod,  which  is  carved  to  conform  to  its  shape. 

The  simple  equipment  required  for  this  kind  of  fabrication 
makes  an  attractive  field  for  those  who  have  the  right  talent, 
Mr.  Cermak  using  the  following  type  of  equipment :  a  band 
saw,  the  blade  travelling  at  4400  ft.  per  min. ;  a  jig  saw, 
using  a  jewelers'  type  blade;  a  6-inch  band  sander  using  wet 
band  at  2000  ft.  per.  min.;  a  spindle  for  outside  carving, 
operating  at  9000  rpm;  a  2-inch  band  sander  for  contour 
sanding,  run  at  1500  ft.  per  min. ;  a  3  hp  buffing  arbor  with 
10  inch  buffs,  travelling  at  2000  rpm  spindle  speed.  The  list 
is  completed  by  a  drill  press  with  accessories  for  shaping 
and  veining,  and  a  high  speed  band  grinder  (operating  at 
27,000  rpm)  for  fine  inside  carving  such  as  petals  require. 

The  Tykie  Toys  also  illustrated  with  this  article  show  a 
different  treatment  of  Catalin.  At  present,  these  quietly 
gay  toys  are  fabricated  from  the  small  stocks  or  odd  ends 
which  may  be  available  from  time  to  time.  Before  these 
materials  went  on  the  critical  list,  the  company  began 
operating  with  certain  specific  shapes.  But  now,  as  Dick 
Grosvenor,  its  manager,  says,  "We  take  any  odd  lots  of 
materials  which  are  available  and  work  it  up  into  the  most 


MICROFLEX 


riMi 


ELAYS 


*  Accuracy  within  +  0.1  oi  1%  ol  time  scale. 
*Time  setting  adjustable  over   1   to  600  ratio 

*  6  operating  and  contact  arrangements 

For  machine  tools,  molding  presses,  heat  treating, 
and  other  applications  where  an  accurate  and  de- 
pendable timing  relay  is  required. 

>  H7RlT£  Bulletin  No.  291 

W^73"^I7      ™      „   .V'       F«'  comploto  data  on  Eaal* 
\JSJS--       fOD'*  Timers    and    count    rtlaT». 

EAGLE  SIGNAL  CORPORATION 


TIMING    RELAYS 


MOLINE.  ILLINOIS 
REPEAT  TWOS 


COUNT    RELAYS 


M  \KCfI     1<U-. 


I*I..\STI1'S 


PERFECT  PLASTIC  PRODUCTS 
NEED 

PERFECT  MOLDS 

T 

"Salco  Master"  Service  with  its  fine  engineer- 
ing department,  comprehensive  shop  equip- 
ment, and  skilled  die  makers,  hand  and  panto- 
graph engravers  is  in  position  to  turn  out  the 

PERFECT  MOLD 

whether  for  precision  or  ornamental  plastics 
NOW  AND  IN  THE  POST  WAR  ERA 

for 

Injection  Molds — Hobs  and  Hobbings 

Pantograph   Engraving  in   Molds 

Steel  Type  and  Dies  for 

Stamping  Plastics 


SCHODER  &  LOMBARD  STAMP  &  DIECO..INC. 

132-138  LAFAYETTE  ST..  New  York  13.  N.  Y. 


Protective 


VNNV\VI///,^ 

7  Reflective  :. 
x' / M  1 1  •  \ *\ x x" 

PEARL  ESSENCE 

Intensifies 
Luminescence 

SEE 
U.  S.  P.  2,318,089 

Non-Priority  Unlimited  Quantities 


attractive  merchandise  we  can  consistent  with  quality  mer- 
chandise and  not  quantity  alone." 

The  company  distributes  a  small  but  effective  broadside, 
combining  human  interest  with  useful  information  about  the 
material  of  which  the  toys  are  made.  It  reads  in  part : 

"The  first  Tykie  Toys  were  actually  designed  for  a  real 
baby.  His  nickname  was  "Tykie"  and  that  is  where  the 
name  of  our  product  originated. 

'  'Tykie'  liked  these  toys  so  much  because  they  were 
light  in  weight  and  easy  for  him  to  handle.     They  were 
excellent  for  teething  because  they  have  only  rounded  edges.  . 
The  bright  colors  caught  his  eye  immediately,  and  they  were 
so  amusing  and  made  enough  noise  to  keep  him  interested. 

'  'Tykie  Toys'  are  made  of  a  durable  plastics,  brilliant  in 
color  yet  colorfast,  non-poisonous,  non-inflammable,  and  in- 
ert to  saliva.  They  can  be  easily  sterilized  by  dipping  in 
boiling  water,  then  immediately  rinsing  in  cooler  water. 
They  can  be  washed  without  inqury  in  a  mild  soap  and  water 
solution." 

Here,  then,  is  a  view  into  a  new  field  for  plastics— one 
which  holds  great  promise  for  new  ventures  in  color  when 
the  war  is  over  and  when  materials  and  labor  will  permit 
the  designer  to  express  himself  freely  and  without  restric- 
tion. END 


Machining  Cast  Phenolics 

(Continued  from  page  102) 


CORPORATION 

133  Waverly  Place,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


machining  operation  in  itself.  With  a  specially  designed 
jig,  the  sander  can  replace  other  machine  operations  in,  for 
instance,  cutting  a  convex  contour  on  the  edge  or  corner  of 
a  phenolic  sheet  or  block.  As  in  grinding,  the  abrasive  tex- 
ture of  the  sanding  surface  will  depend  on  the  nature  of  the 
work  and  it  will  take  a  hand  in  governing  operating  speed. 
Where  the  sanding  operation  is  to  remove  a  considerable 
amount  of  material  in  one  pass,  a  fairly  coarse  grade  of 
sandpaper  or  abrasive  cloth  is  needed  so  that  production 
may  be  rapid.  Where  this  is  the  case,  a  subsequent  finer 
sanding  operation  may  be  required  before  finishing.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  only  a  small  amount  of  material  is  to  be  re- 
moved or  if  the  feed  rate  can  be  slow,  a  finer  textured  garnet 
paper  will  provide  a  finer  prefinishing  surface.  Regardless 
of  the  texture  of  the  abrasive  surface,  the  work  should  not 
be  held  too  long  at  any  one  point  if  overheating  is  to  be 
avoided.  The  operating  speed  of  sanding  surfaces  will  de- 
pend on  the  area  of  work  to  be  sanded  and  must  be  deter- 
mined by  test.  Proper  exhausts  must  be  employed  to  carry 
off  phenolic  dust  and  fumes. 

Finishing  by  Hand 

There  are  many  types  of  work,  such  as  large  pieces, 
fragile  ones  and  those  that  are  of  unusual  shape,  that  must 
be  finished  and  polished  by  hand-feeding  to  buffs,  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  tumbling  is  a  far  more  economical  opera- 
tion. In  the  hand  process,  both  ashing  and  polishing  are 
best  performed  on  a  buff  4"  to  6"  wide  and  12"  to  14"  in 
diameter.  It  should  be  composed  of  soft  muslin  discs,  un- 
stitched and  with  muslin  spacers  between  the  discs. 

For  ashing,  a  preliminary  to  polishing,  a  thick  paste  of 
Grade  00  pumice  and  water  is  applied  to  both  buff  and  work 
before  the  piece  is  put  to  the  buff.  The  buff  is  operated  at  a 
speed  of  about  1200  rpm.  This  speed  is  maintained  also  for 
the  polishing  operation  which,  after  the  work  has  been 
rinsed  free  of  all  pumice,  is  done  on  another  similar  wheel 
dressed  with  tripoli  or  other  polishing  compound.  For 
hardening  the  finish,  there  may  be  a  third  pperation  on 
another  buff,  which,  this  time,  is  operated  clean  and  dry. 

Wherever  possible,  hand  finishing  should  give  way  to 
tumbling,  a  much  more  efficient  operation  since  there  is  no 


352 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


feeding  of  individual  pieces.  Wet  ashing  performed  by  the 
tumbling  process  is  of  value  only  for  rough-surfaced  work 
and  for  removal  of  comparatively  large  amounts  of  material. 
A  square,  hexagonal  or  octagonal  barrel  may  be  used,  pref- 
erably of  soft  wood.  As  in  all  tumbling  operations,  the 
barrel  is  never  more  than  half  filled.  In  the  actual  process, 
the  effect  of  movement  of  the  work  should  never  be  that  of 
dropping ;  the  action  should  have  a  sliding  effect.  For  ash- 
ing of  phenolic  pieces,  the  barrel  is  rotated  at  about  30  rpm. 
Ashing  formulas,  like  all  tumbling  formulas,  vary  widely  as 
between  types  of  cast  phenolics  and  between  fabricators' 
preferences.  A  formula  suggested  by  the  Catalin  Corpora- 
tion is  a  good  basic  recipe.  It  consists  of  4  oz  of  FFF 
pumice  to  every  12  qts.  of  parts  to  be  ashed,  with  enough 
water  added  to  barely  cover  the  parts.  A  running  time  of 
one  hour  will  provide  a  good  mat  finish. 

Dry  Tumbling 

For  most  well-machined  parts,  ashing  can  be  dispensed 
with.  Dry  tumbling  will  usually  provide  the  finish  needed. 
In  this  process,  a  hexagonal  or  octagonal  barrel,  either  of 
hardwood  or  hardwood-lined,  is  operated  at  from  30  to  50 
rpm,  depending  on  the  compositional  character  of  the 
phenolic  in  work.  The  lower  limit  is  a  safe  speed  for  all 
cast  phenolics.  Running  time  will  depend  on  the  character 
of  the  phenolic,  the  shape  of  the  pieces  and  the  finish  re- 
quired. This  will  normally  be  not  less  than  four  or  five 
hours  nor  more  than  fourteen.  Advance  testing  for  running 
time  in  tumbling  is  neither  feasible  nor  advantageous. 
Where  experience  with  tumbling  of  the  type  of  material  in 
work  is  insufficient  to  gauge  the  running  time  in  advance, 
periodic  examination  of  the  condition  of  the  pieces  during 
the  course  of  the  run  itself  is  the  best  test.  And  here  again, 
the  phenolic  pieces  in  dry  tumbling  should  be  in  sliding 
rather  than  in  dropping  motion. 

A  basic  formula  for  dry  tumbling,  modifiable  in  specific 
applications,  is  suggested  by  Catalin.  It  consists  of  3  parts 
pegs,  2  parts  articles,  1  part  FFF  pumice,  1 1/3  cups  flushing 
oil  or  paraffin  oil. 

After  this  finishing  operation,  the  articles  are  tumbled 
clean  in  a  barrel  operating  end-over-end  for  about  5  minutes 
and  containing  2  qts.  kerosene  to  12  qts.  coarse  hardwood 
dust,  the  volume  contents  of  the  barrel  being  half  sawdust 
and  half  articles.  After  this  process,  the  pieces,  removed 
from  the  sawdust  and  thoroughly  dried,  present  a  hard, 
highly  polished  surface. 

While,  in  a  number  of  operations,  the  machining  of  cast 
phenolics  calls  for  more  meticulous  attention  to  the  working 
condition  of  tools  and  machines  than  some  other  plastics  do, 
the  material  itself  and  the  results  its  produces  well  merit 
this.  There  is  no  plastic  that  can  outdo  phenolics  for  range 
of  color  and  especially  for  brilliance  of  finished  surface. 
Nor  is  any  other  plastic  of  similar  beauty  superior  to  phenol- 
ics in  rigidity  and  durability  in  service.  END 


Boosting  Quality  With  Electronic  Heat 

(Continued  from  page  82) 


His  lengthy  experience  with  electronic  heating  in  the 
molding  of  the  spool  end  and  other  products  of  thermoset- 
ting  materials  leaves  no  doubt  in  the  mind  of  W.  K.  Brom- 
ley, Continental's  chief  engineer,  that  the  introduction  of 
industrial  high  frequency  in  the  plastics  field  was  a  major 
step  forward.  "Sound  and  economical  operation  is  virtually 
impossible  without  it — particularly  in  the  molding  of  heavy 
and  involved  pieces  from  high  impact  compounds,"  he  de- 
cleares. 

A  contract  for  ring  mountings,  recently  completed  by 
Continental,  also  demonstrated  high  frequency's  effective- 
ness in  reducing  overhead.  A  high  impact  material  was 


RESPROID 

Plastics 


Extruded  Rods  and  Tubes 

Special  Shapes 

Custom  Calendering 

Sheets  for  Laminators 


Our  laboratory,  actively 
engaged  In  the  develop- 
ment and  adaptation  of 
plastics,  will  be  glad  to 
work  with  you  on  solving 
your  plastic  problems. 


We  We/come  Inquiries 

RESPRO  Inc. 

CRANSTON    10,    R.    I. 


KOCH  ovens  will  answer  yoyr  need  for  economical,  efficient 
unin  for  tooting  and  preheating  of  platflci.  Standard  designs, 
including  tkorf  typei.  drawer  typei,  cabinet  types,  and  track 
types  In  any  tile  you  require  or*  ready  now  for  quick  delivery. 
Send  today  far  Illustrated  bulletin,. 


DRAWER    TYPE 

ELECTRIC    CABINET    OVEN 

Detloned  for  prelteatlna.  drylni 
or  finish-Diking  small  pertt.  this 
rrjul.r  KOCH  Electric  Own  hu  • 
tpeclal  Mnel  el  metal  drawon  In 
ploee  of  fhe  utual  doer  construc- 
tion. 

One  or  more  drawers  may  ho 
emptied  aad  refilled  wlthoel  sort- 
ously  aftectlni  the  trmperalure  In 
in.  eron  ond  In. 
remainder  of  t  h  i 
work  la  process. 


SHtLF   TYPE 

ELECTRIC  CAIINET  OVEN 

Especially    tor    preheating    la 
ynlti  ol  shoot  plattlot. 


-, tan    he    laid    en    ahtKet 

of  tram  and  pl>eed  la  the  erea. 
A  handy  tool  pedal  tloeet  the  deer. 
rllmlnatlat  aaetahn  h  t  a  I  leu 
Paatth*  ereu-new  etroalatHW  It 
provided  »y  a  Mower  type  laa. 
Thlt  alta  Intnret  an  one*  tempera- 
tare  threaihoat.  The  eeaa  oaa  he 
operated  al  JOO"  to  4o»'  F. 


MARCH  1945 


f»  I,  .t  K  T 1 1  * 


3S3 


DUNNING  AND  BOSCHERT 
PRESS  CO. 

330  WEST  WATER  ST. 
SYRACUSE  4,  N.  Y. 

Manufacturers  of 

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TRANSFER  MOLDING  PRESSES 

HYDRAULIC   PUMPS 

ACCUMULATORS 

VALVES 


SEND  US  YOUR  SPECIFICATIONS 
WRITE  FOR   CATALOG 


I-OIOIIM. 

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Solvents 


to  your  design 
for 

Models 

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Experimental 

Ornamental-Uses 

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Sawing  Grinding 

Drilling  Sanding 

Tapping  Buffing 

Carving — Turning 
Silk-Screening 

MATERIALS 

Acrylics — Wood,  Metal,  etc. 

Note  busy  on  Defense  Production  with  sufficient  time 
for  development  of  "return  to  civilian  production  items." 

KLISE  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

52  Cottage  Grove  S.W. 
Grand  Rapids  2,  Michigan 

Offices:    New   York,   Jamestown,    Chicago,   Columbus,    High    Point, 
Los  Angeles.    Fort    Lauderdale,    San    Francisco. 


used.  Rejections  ran  30%  with  conventional  molding.  In 
contrast,  when  the  preforms  were  preheated  in  a  1.5  kw 
Thermex  unit,  rejections  averaged  only  10%  and  the  pro- 
duction rate  climbed  100%.  Savings  in  scrap  and  increased 
output  totaled  $252  daily  in  operating  economy,  while  the 
cost  of  the  electronic  heat  was  $2.42 — the  same  as  in  the 
case  of  the  rayon  spool  ends. 

Another  Continental  example  of  the  efficiency  of  high 
frequency  molding  is  offered  in  the  production  of  instru- 
ment housings,  for  which  a  tire  cord  filled  high  impact 
phenolic  material  is  used.  An  8  kw  Thermex  unit  with  a 
preheater  cabinet  attached  raises  each  preform  to  molding 
temperature  in  70  sees.  The  application  of  electronic  heat 
to  the  preforms  effected  a  dramatic  improvement :  Produc- 
tion jumped  100%  while  the  number  of  rejects  fell  off  75%. 

The  cost  of  Thermex  heat  in  this  instance  can  be  con- 
sidered approximately  as  listed  here : 


(Dollars) 
Value 


Initial  cost 7850 

Tube  replacements  (based 

on  average  life  of  5000 

hours) 3870 

Maintenance 1  200 


De- 
preciation 
Period 

(Mrs.) 
30,000 


30,000 
30,000 


Cost 
Per 
Hour 
(Centi) 
.262 


.129 
.040 


Power  cost. 


Ic       per   kw   hr.         .165 


Total  cost  per  hour 596 

The  cost  of  operating  the  unit  for  24  hrs  is  $14.30.  The 
75%  decrease  in  scrap  represents  a  saving  of  approximately 
$380  a  day.  Increase  in  production  efficiency  was  100%. 

The  8  kw  Thermex  unit  used  in  this  operation  can  easily 
feed  a  continuous  stream  of  preforms  to  three  presses.  A 
third  is  soon  to  be  employed,  and  production  will  go  up 
33%%  with  savings  in  proportion. 

A.  F.  Fukal,  Continental's  design  and  development  en- 
gineer, points  out  that:  "The  molding  of  general  purpose 
and  loaded  thermosetting  materials  could  not  be  carried  on 
with  scientific  exactitude  until  the  coming  of  Thermex 
electronic  equipment,  which  supplies  absolutely  uniform 
heat  throughout  the  preform.  In  the  past,  it  obviously  was 
impossible  to  raise  the  temperature  of  the  outside  and  in- 
side of  a  mass  of  powder  simultaneously  by  conventional 
means,  and  this  created  many  vexatious  problems  in  cur- 
ing that  often  were  insurmountable.  High  frequency  irons 
out  these  production  wrinkles  and  opens  up  profitable  new 
markets  to  the  plastics  industry,  since  larger  and  more  com- 
plex pieces  can  now  be  manufactured  successfully  and 
economically." 

The  range  of  thermosetting  products  made  in  the  Con- 
tinental plant  with  preforms  preheated  by  Thermex  units 
includes : 

Instrument  housings,  rayon  spools,  distributor  bodies, 
distributor  cans,  inner  cup  assemblies,  insulator  blocks, 
variable  sheaves,  and  casters. 


Harnessed  Power 

(Continued  from  page  140) 


sistance  and  low  water  absorption.  These  qualities  make 
them  excellent  insulators  for  coaxial  cable  spacings,  coil 
forms,  condenser  housings,  etc.  Hundreds  of  electrical 
measuring  instruments,  precision  and  commercial  types  for 
portable  use,  panel  mountings,  etc.,  used  by  all  industries 
depend  upon  plastics  for  their  insulation,  supports  and  hous- 
ing. 

It  is  in  the  electronic  field  that  plastics  possessing  excel- 
lent electrical  properties  will  find  a  large  and,  perhaps,  non- 
competitive  market.  Great  strides  have  already  been  made, 
but  the  war  has  absorbed  all  production  and  much  informa- 


354 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


tion  is  still  a  military  secret.  It  can  \w  said,  though,  that 
post-war,  the  electrical  industry  will  have  material  that  was 
only  a  dream  a  few  years  ago. 

Expansion  in  Radio  Applications 

Most  electrical  uses  for  plastics  materials  are  reflected  in 
that  rapidly-growing  offshoot  of  electricity— radio.  Here 
is  a  field  which  has  been  dependent  upon  plastics  for  some 
time,  and  in  addition  has  increased  its  utilization  of  these 
materials  many-fold  during  the  war. 

Three  general  qualities  which  distinguish  plastics  from 
other  types  of  materials  are  responsible  for  their  widespread 
use  in  radio— insulation,  strength  and  light  weight.  This 
unbeatable  combination  made  plastics  almost  indispensable 
to  the  industry,  and  resulted  in  their  displacing  hard  rubber, 
which  at  first  was  widely  used  for  its  low  loss  character- 
istics. Rubber  had  the  disadvantages  of  lacking  mechanical 
strength,  deteriorating  with  age  and  exposure  to  ozone,  and 
injuring  metal  parts  because  of  its  sulfur  content.  Pressed 
fibre,  adopted  later,  also  proved  unsatisfactory  because  its 
tendency  to  absorb  moisture  reduced  insulating  qualities. 
Another  substance  combining  shellac  and  lampblack  ex- 
hibited a  serious  lack  of  mechanical  strength. 

Not  until  the  advent  of  molded  phenolic  Bakelite  did  the 
industry  feel  that  it  had  found  the  natural  material  for  cer- 
tain vital  purposes.  At  first  regarded  as  a  cure-all  and  used 
excessively,  to  the  detriment  of  the  loss  factor,  this  material 
subsequently  found  its  place,  and  was  supplemented  by 
others  serving  different  functions.  In  the  latest  radio 
models  now  in  military  use  one  finds  control  knobs,  panel 
escutcheons  and  meter  cases  of  molded  Bakelite  (the  stand- 
ard grade  general-purpose  primarily  used  for  mechanical 
reasons  rather  than  for  low-loss  factor. )  Tube  sockets  and 
vacuum  tube  bases  generally  employ  mica-filled  phenolic, 
which  is  weaker  than  general-purpose  grade  when  not  in- 
corporating a  fibre  filler.  When  containing  the  filler,  how- 
ever, this  material  is  as  strong  as  the  standard  grade  but  has 
a  lower  loss  factor,  and  finds  application  in  insulating  vari- 
able condenser  supports,  as  resistor  mounting  boards  and  in 
switch  wafers. 

Paper-base  phenolic  is  found  in  tie  lugs,  small  strips 
which  support  wiring  and  minor  components.  Radio  fre- 
quency coil  forms  employ  phenolic-impregnated  tubing,  or, 
may  be  molded  of  low-loss  mica-filled  Bakelite,  with  a  screw 
thread  molded  on  the  inside  to  facilitate  adjustment  of  the 
magnetic  core,  which  is  made  of  powdered  iron  in  Bakelite 
resin  binder. 

Other  plastics  applications  include  the  sealing  of  fixed 
condensers  inside  low-loss  Bakelite;  extruded  plastics  tub- 
ing for  insulating  grommets  and  "spaghetti"  wire  covering ; 
coating  of  insulated  wire  with  butyl  acetate  and  neoprene ; 
and  the  use  of  polystyrene  wherever  chemical  and  heat  re- 
sistance, light  stability  and  transmission  and  low  water  ab- 
sorption are  paramount. 

Polystyrene  is  ranked  among  materials  having  a  bright 
future  in  radio,  for  in  addition  to  the  properties  already  men- 
tioned, it  also  is  characterized  by  high  dielectric  strength, 
and  favorable  dielectric  constant  and  power  factor.  For 
this  reason  it  will  also  find  considerable  use  in  television.  It 
can  be  formed  into  films  and  tapes  for  insulation,  and  has 
many  applications  in  wartime  radio  equipment  which  have 
not  yet  been  divulged. 

Molded  phenolic  materials  are  widely  used  as  cable 
clamps,  and  punched  linen  base  phenolics  as  tube  sockets. 
Other  radio  uses  include  molded  phenolic  fuse  assemblies, 
cut  and  drilled  supports  of  paper-base  phenolic,  and  molded 
phenolic  power  line  sockets. 

An  outstanding  example  of  electrical  applications  for  plas- 
tics in  radio  is  the  ribbed  spheroid  coil  form  4"  X  5"  molded 
for  a  U.  S.  Army  radio  of  low-loss  liakflite  phenolic  by  the 
American  Insulator  Co.,  Xew  Freedom,  Pa. 


R 


"All  the  problems  of  the  world  could  be  settled 
easily  if  men  were  only  willing  to  think." 

—  Nitholai  Murray  Buffer 

RECTO 

MOLDED  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

Mtlroi*  6862 


DETROIT 

L.  S.  HOUSE 
3-167  General  Motors  Bid 9.,  Madison  5781 


INJECTION  AND 

COMPRESSION;  MOLDING 


.  .  .  specialists  in  high 
impact  material 


Equipped  for  complete  manufacture  of 
plastic  products  —  assembling  as  well 
as  molding. 


ME  HAAS  COMPANY 

MENDON,    MICH. 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


TRANSLATE  YOUR  PRODUCT 
INTO  PLASTICS 

When  you  want  to  add  the  beauty, 
color  and  warmth  of  plastics  to 
your  product,  consult  NEO.  We 
can  provide  you  with  designs  that 
combine  artistry  with  sound 
engineering. 

•  DESIGNING 

•  MOLD  MAKING 

•  MOLDING 

by  INJECTION  •  COMPRESSION  •  EXTRUSION 

NEO  PLASTICS   PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

55  West  42nd  Street 

New  York  City  18 

Longacre  3-1668 


V 


Laminated  Insulating  Materials 

Laminated  insulating  materials  designate  a  large  group  of 
materials  which  are  an  essential  and  important  part  of  all 
electrical  equipment.  In  the  group  are  many  different  grades 
and  types,  but  they  are  all  related  because  they  employ  the 
same  or  similar  ingredients  combined  in  a  different  manner. 

Each  of  the  materials  is  made  of  a  filler  (or  base)  and  a 
binder.  The  fillers  used  are  cotton,  glass  fibers,  asbestos 
fabrics,  paper  and  mica  flakes.  The  binders  are  numerous 
types  of  synthetic  resins,  varnishes,  shellac  and  gelatinizing 
chemical  compounds  such  as  zinc  chloride.  There  are  many 
different  types  within  these  classes  of  fillers  and  binders 
which  permit  almost  unlimited  selection  for  controlling  the 
properties  of  laminated  products. 

The  materials  are  produced  in  sheet,  rod  and  tube.  An 
unlimited  variety  of  insulating  parts  for  electrical  equip- 
ment can  be  fabricated  from  these  basic  forms  by  machining, 
forming  and  punching  methods.  The  outstanding  char- 
acteristics, responsible  for  widespread  use  in  the  insulation 
of  electrical  circuits  are  dielectric  strength,  power  factor, 
water  resistance,  mechanical  strength,  light  weight  and 
toughness.  Other  desirable  properties  such  as  resistance 
to  chemicals,  vibration-damping  capacity  and  low  coefficient 
of  friction,  are  responsible  for  many  other  uses  where  elec- 
trical insulation  is  not  a  primary  requirement. 

Vulcanized  fiber  is  made  by  laminating  sheets  of  rag  paper 
treated  with  zinc -chloride  solution  to  form  a  homogeneous 
mass  by  gelatinizing  and  interlocking  the  cellulose  fibers. 
Removal  of  the  zinc  chloride,  by  bleaching  and  drying,  pro- 
duces a  dense,  homogenous  material  which  has  many  uses 
in  the  electrical  industry.  It  possesses  the  characteristics 
of  hardness  and  denseness  which  resist  abrasion,  high 
mechanical  strength,  toughness  to  withstand  shock  loads, 
high  dielectric  strength  under  normal  atmospheric  condi- 
tions, easily  machined. 

The  dielectric  strength  of  fiber  may  be  reduced  as  much 
;i^  75  percent  after  prolonged  exposure  to  humid  atmos- 
phere. I'nder  no  circumstances  should  it  be  used  as  an 
insulating  material  where  even  occasional  immersion  in 
water  is  likely  to  occur. 

Fish  paper  insulation  is  an  exceedingly  tough  insulating 
paper  developed  primarily  for  use  as  an  insulation  for  arma- 
ture slots  and  field  coils.  Extra  strong  fibers  are  used,  and 
the  chemical  treatment  is  somewhat  different  from  that  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  vulcanized  fiber  insuring  those  qual- 
ities which  are  most  essential  in  an  insulating  paper. 

Such  insulation  is  made  in  sheet  and  continuous  rolls,  or 
in  ribbon  rolls  for  automatic  machines.  It  is  furnished  in 
natural  dark  gray  color  only. 

General  uses  in  electrical  equipment  are  armature  wedges, 
slot  insulation,  attachment  plugs,  brush  backs,  brush-holder 
bushings,  bushings,  casings  for  enclosed  fuses,  commutator 
rings,  insulation  for  armature  and  field  coils,  ignition  cable 
tubes,  panel  boards,  push  buttons,  switch  bars,  arc  chutes. 
intcrpole  barriers,  rail  and  trolley  insulation,  grummets. 

Fiber  may  also  be  treated  during  the  process  of  manufac- 
ture with  special  water-proofing  resin.  It  possesses  the  fol- 
lowing characteristics,  which  qualify  it  for  many  uses  in  the 
electrical  industry:  hard,  (will  resist  abrasion);  dense, 
tough  and  strong;  high  dielectric  strength;  good  arc  resist- 
ance, but  somewhat  less  than  vulcanized  fiber ;  easily  ma- 
chined ;  and  resists  moisture  better  than  fiber. 

Laminated  insulation  in  tubular  form  is  widely  used  and 
is  made  by  impregnating  special  draft  paper  with  resin  and 
shellac  mixtures  and  subsequently  heating  under  pressure. 
Such  tubes  are  more  resistant  to  arcing  than  most  synthetic 
resinous  laminated  materials  and  possess  excellent  dielec- 
tric properties.  These  tubes  are  used  for  buss  insulation, 
cable  joints,  wall  bushings,  supports,  transformer  tank  lin- 
ing, motor  and  generator  brush  holders,  collector  rings,  coil 
supports,  etc.  END 


356 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Latin   American  Markets 

(Continued  from  page  156) 


In  the  absence  of  official  statistical  data,  dealer  informa- 
tion estimates  the  average  annual  imports  at  65,000  pounds 
of  phenolic  resins  and  15,000  pounds  of  urea  resins.  Ap- 
proximately 60  per  cent  of  these  synthetic  resins  are  said  to 
go  into  the  manufacture  of  buttons,  door  knobs,  handles,  and 
other  small  articles;  -H)  per  cent  enter  into  the  manufacture 
of  paints,  enamels,  and  varnishes.  Cellulose  acetate  imports, 
which,  before  1941,  averaged  8000  pounds  annually,  are  re- 
ported to  have  more  than  doubled  as  the  result  of  the  oper- 
ations of  a  new  comb  manufacturing  plant. 

This  upward  trend  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics  products 
is  expected  to  continue,  which  should  prove  an  additional 
stimulant  for  exports  from  the  United  States. 

COSTA  RICA: — Small  quantities  of  plastics  materials  are 
imported  for  the  production  of  combs  and  toothbrushes,  in 
addition  to  materials  for  the  production  of  cellophane  papers 
for  the  tobacco  industry. 

KCI-ADOR: — Ecuador  imported  small  quantities  of  non- 
laminated  casein  resin  sheets  for  the  manufacture  of 
brooches,  buckles,  and  buttons,  as  well  as  some  alkyd  resins 
and  cellulose  nitrate  plastics  used  in  the  production  of  lac- 
(|iiers,  paints,  and  varnishes. 

PAKAC.I-AY: — Paraguay  has  imported  only  negligible 
quantities  of  plastics  materials. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Robert    F.    Schneider.   Foreign  Commerce  Weekly,  April   5.    1944. 
F.   Ceoling.   Foreign  Commerce   Weekly,  April   22,   1944. 

Susan    M.    Phillips,    Inquiry    Reference    Service.    U.    S.    Dept.    of  - 

merce.   May,    1944. 
,-AIdene    Harrington    Leslie.    Foreign    Commerce    Weekly,    September    16, 


Com- 


Low-Viscosity Resins 

(Continued  from  page  116) 


arent  in  recent  months.  The  joining  of  these  members 
>  solid  structural  elements  can  be  accomplished  by  con- 
ntional  riveting,  or  now,  by  the  more  mechanically  dur- 
ile  adhesives.  To  describe  a  few  applications :  One  manu- 
cturer  cements  rubber  O-rings  to  a  molded  phenolic  valve 
at :  another  assembles  his  laminated  phenolic  ammunition 
llers  with  furfural  resin  adhesive;  rubber  sealing  flanges 
re  cemented  to  cellulose  acetate  moldings;  acrylic  covers 
nre  cemented  on  phenolic  storage  battery  cases;  a  laminated 
phenolic  tray  is  reinforced  with  cemented  phenolic  stiffen- 
ing rilis :  "Masonite"  sheet  for  hydro  press  work  faced  with 
laminated  phenolic  and  many  others. 

Molding  materials  prepared  from  furfural  derivative, 
have  been  described  in  various  patents  and  employed  com- 
mercially to  a  limited  extent.  Their  cost  has  been  higher 
than  the  corresponding  molding  compounds  prepared  with 
phenol ics,  and  hence  they  have  been  somewhat  at  an  econo- 
mic disadvantage.  At  the  start  of  World  War  II,  there  was 
a  limited  production  of  a  furfural  molding  compound  in  con- 
junction with  a  ligno-cellulose  filler  as  a  substitute  for  hard 
rubber  compositions.  Storage  battery  cases,  miner's  lamps, 
closures,  suction  blade  fans  and  others  were  molded  from 
this  material.  Following  are  some  of  the  molding  char- 
i sties  of  this  resin: 

Compression    molding    temperature 310-340*    F 

Molding   pressure  2503-4000   psi 

Mold  shrinkage  (in  per  in)  007-.OIO 

Specific  gravity   |  .40 

Tensile  strength  4500  psi 

liod   impact  strength  0.14-0.16 

I'ul,  versatile  resins  have  been  prepared  from  furfuryl 


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alcohol  and  formaldehyde,  the  mole  ratio  of  the  quantity  of 
furfuryl  alcohol  to  the  quantity  of  formaldehyde  situated  at 
1  to  l/2  and  1  to  3.  Resinification  proceeds  under  acid  con- 
ditions at  a  pH  of  1.5  to  3.5.  Resins  thus  produced  are 
liquid  thermosetting  resins  soluble  in  alcohol  and  acetone 
and  curable  under  heat  and  pressure. 

Aside  from  their  slightly  higher  price,  many  of  the  fur- 
fural resins  produced  must  cure  under  acid  conditions  un- 
favorable to  cellulosic  fillers.  This  may  yield  materials 
somewhat  brittle  after  the  molding  operation.  There  are 
indications  however,  that  a  more  neutral  pH  may  be  pos- 
sible to  effect  resinification. 

Casting  Resins  from  Furfural 

Liquid  resins  from  furfural  derivatives,  suitable  for  cast- 
ing purposes,  also  show  considerable  promise.  This  is  a 
field  which  should  be  eminently  suited  to  these  materials 
which  exist  as  soluble,  heat-hardenable  liquids  or  infusible 
gels.  In  thick  sections,  some  heat  as  well  as  catalysts  may 
be  employed  to  cure  the  resin.  Because  of  low  viscosity  the 
amount  of  filler  which  can  be  conveniently  stirred  in  is 
large.  Finely-divided  diatomaceous  earth,  powdered  silicon 
dioxide,  finely-divided  wood  flour,  walnut  flour,  asbestos 
filler,  tire  cord  filler,  glass  wool,  are  among  those  fillers 
added  to  cast  furfural  resins.  The  writer  feels  confident 
that  there  will  be  a  large  increase  in  the  casting  of  furane 
resins,  because  their  physical  properties  and  low  shrinkage 
compare  very  favorably  with  phenolic  casting  resins.  In 
addition,  the  initial  low  viscosity  of  furane  resins  reduces 
the  possibility  of  entrapping  air  bubbles. 

Under  certain  conditions,  liquid  furane  resins  are  compat- 
ible with  liquid  phenol-formaldehyde  resins  and  may  be 
employed  as  extenders  or  modifiers  for  the  latter.  This  is 
particularly  true  for  the  phenolic  resins  which  may  be  also 
acid  catalyzed  to  cure  very  rapidly.  End  products  are  deep 
black  in  color,  though  when  well-polished,  they  are  rich  and 
lustrous  in  appearance. 

Plaster  Impregnants 

Two  furfural  resin  derivatives,  one  alkaline-catalyzed 
and  the  other  acid-catalyzed  have  been  developed  by  the 
writer  for  the  impregnation  of  plaster  of  Paris.  There  are 
various  ways  in  which  the  resin  may  be  incorporated  in 
with  the  plaster  to  yield  interesting  results,  although  the 
technique  which  has  proven  most  popular  is  the  impregna- 
tion of  formed  and  dried  blocks  of  plaster  of  Paris,  Hydro- 
cat,  or  Hydrostone.  The  impregnation  may  be  carried  out 
by  the  well-known  vacuum  pressure  procedure  or,  more  sat- 
isfactorily yet,  by  simple  immersion  of  the  dried  parts  at 
atmospheric  pressure  and  temperature.  Smaller  pieces  may 
be  completely  submerged  in  the  liquid  resin,  while  very 
large  members  too  large  to  immerse  may  be  covered  with 
wet  rags  saturated  with  the  liquid  resin,  which  is  absorbed 
into  the  plaster  of  Paris  surface. 

The  effect  may  be  likened  to  the  absorption  of  ink  by  a 
piece  of  blotting  paper.  One  can  readily  see  the  compara- 
tively rapid  absorption  of  the  resin  by  the  plaster.  The  im- 
pregnation of  small  plaster  pieces  under  atmospheric  pres- 
sure and  room  temperature  will  result  in  about  30%  resin 
content,  based  on  the  final  impregnated  weight.  Less  resin 
may  be  desirable  for  larger  pieces  for  economy  reasons,  as 
in  many  instances  it  is  necessary  only  to  impregnate  the 
surface— say  to  the  depth  of  about  %",  and  cure  the  resin 
on  the  spot 

Cure  of  the  impregnated  plaster  will  result  in  at  least  a 
3-  to  4-fold  improvement  of  its  physical  properties.  The 
final  surface  will  be  as  hard  and  scratch-resistant  as  a  cast 
resin  surface,  and  may  be  sanded  and  polished  as  may  be 
desirable.  Some  of  the  improvements  in  strength  resulting 
from  the  impregnation  of  plaster  of  Paris  with  Resin  XR,  a 
furane  resin  derivative,  are  illustrated  in  Fig.  2.  Cure  at 


358 


PLASTi CS 


MARCH  1945 


temperatures  as  low  as  120°  F  may  bring  about  a  substan- 
tial improvement  in  physical  properties. 

The  hardening  and  toughening  of  plaster  of  Paris  should 
however  not  be  considered  a  cure-all  for  the  plaster,  because 
all  it  accomplishes  is  a  decided  improvement  in  strength 
and  serviceability.  This  does  not  mean  that  the  plaster 
still  will  not  break  or  chip;  it  has  simply  placed  plaster 
closer  to  cast  resins  in  working  properties.  Impregnated 
plaster  does  however,  have  one  big  working  advantage  over 
the  cast  phenol-formaldehyde  resins,  and  that  is  in  shrink- 
age upon  curing.  The  superior  dimensional  stability  of  im- 
pregnated and  cured  plaster  of  Paris  should  be  of  decided 
interest  in  various  tools,  drill  jigs,  form  blocks  and  the  like. 

Furfural  resins  are  just  beginning  to  make  their  debut 
into  the  plastics  industry.  Just  where  they  will  fit  in  rela- 
tion to  other  resins  is  beginning  to  make  itself  clear.  These 
useful  thermosetting  resins  will,  in  their  own  manner,  do 
much  to  extend  the  fields  of  applications  for  plastics.  END 

Bibliography 

(1)  Tobie,  News  Ed.— Ind.  &  Eng.  Chem.   18.  72,   I9«. 

(2)  A.  P.  Dunlop  and  Fred   N.  Peters— "Nature  of  rtirfuryl  Alcohol"— Ind.  & 
Eng.  Chem.— Vol.  34,  Bl+^uly,   I9<42. 

(3)  John    Delmonte — "Protective    Coatings   from    Furfural    Resins" — Plastics — 
Vol.  I.  No.  5.  p.  39— October,  1944. 


Color  By  Dip-Dye 

(Continued  from  page  148) 


the  dye  used  for  cellulose  acetate  (Curve  I).    The  equation 
for  this  curve  is 

600 

%  transmission  =  --  10 
time  +  6 

Although  an  entire  family  of  curves  can  be  determined 
for  the  various  combination  of  dyes  and  materials  along 

Advantages  and  Disadvantages  of  Hydrocarbon  and 
Water  Type  Dyes 

Advantages  (Hydrocarbon  dyes) 

1—  Because    dyeing    is    performed    at    room    temperature,   costs    are 
lower  since  no  heating  is  required 

2  —  Foster  to  light 

3  —  Unaffected  by  water,  i.e.  will  not  be  leached  out  of  the   plastics 
by  water 

(Water  Dyes' 

1  —  No  disagreeable  odor 

2  —  No  fire  hazard  (noninflammable) 

3  —  Lower  shipping   costs   since   it   is   sold   as   a   concentrated    powder 

Disadvantages  (Hydrocarbon  dyes) 

1  —  Disagreeable  odor  due  to  the  solvents  used 

2  —  Since  it   is  available  only  in  solution  form,  handling    s  bulky  and 
inconvenient 

3  —  Because  the  surface  of  the  plastic  is  attacked  by  the  solvent,  careful 
control  must  be  used  to  keep  surfaces  from  touching  each  other 

4  —  Fire  hazard  (inflammable) 

(Water  Dyes) 

1  —  Because  the  solution  is  heated,  danger  of  distortion  is  possible  and 

so  close  control  must  be  exercised 

2  —  Medium  fastness  to  light 

3  —  These  dyes  can  be  leached  out  of  the  plastic  by  water  although 
this  ii  accomplished  at  a  fairly  slow  rate 


with  corresponding  Munsell  numbers,  space  does  not  per- 
mit these  to  be  given  here. 

Examples  of  Dip-Dyeing 

In  order  to  show  the  possibilities  of  dip-dyeing,  a  repre- 
sentative group  of  parts  now  being  commercially  dip-dyed 
and  marketed  is  discussed  here.  Some  of  these  are  illus- 
trated in  the  colored  section  forward.  There  is  the  novelty 
application  in  which  doll  furniture  is  colored  to  whatever 
shade  is  desired.  The  material  used  in  this  case  is  methyl 


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MARCH  1945 


PLASTICS 


"GREAT  BRITAIN"  Technical  Director  of  large 
British  Paint  and  Chemical  Manufacturer  producing  all  types 
of  Paint,  Varnish,  Synthetic  Resins  and  Synthetic  Drying 
Oils,  and  raw  materials  for  the  Plastics  industry,  is  now  in 
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•    PRODUCT    DESIGNER 

Large  Plastics  Manufacturer  •ptctallzlnff  In  eTtraiton  and  Injection  mould- 
ing seeks  top  notch  designer  with  proven  record  (or  developing  new  prod- 
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salary.  Writ*  In  detail  to 

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MM  A  .ufir  A  .TTfmrnr  Your  POST  WAR 

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L.  H.  BATTALEN 

DESIGN.  MECH.  ENG. 

FORMERLY  WITH  MASTER  TOOL  1  DIE  MAKERS,  INC. 

INJECTION  &  COMPRESSION  MOLOERS 

MOLD  MAKER   .    .   .   NOVELTIES   .    .    .   TOYS 

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In   the   April    issue   of   plastics    look   for   an 

analysis  of 
JOBS  IN  THE  PLASTICS  INDUSTRY 

As  a  result  of  the  stimulus  given  plastics  by  the  war,  with 
consequent  influx  of  new  personnel  and  the  development  of 
new  processes,  jobs  in  the  industry  require  re-valuation. 
This  article  offers  a  basic  description  of  all  principal  occu- 
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methacrylate.  The  versatility  of  dip-dyeing,  is  evident  in 
that  objects  such  as  jewelry  can  be  dyed  to  suit  the  cus- 
tomer. Beautiful  variations  in  color  certainly  can  be  made. 
Again,  dip-dyeing  can  be  applied  to  precision  coloring,  such 
as  contact  lenses.  In  these,  the  color  must  be  of  the  correct 
shade  and  must  not  have  any  effect  on  the  eyes  since  they 
are  in  direct  contact.  In  both  instances  special  dip-dyes  do 
the  job  remarkably  well. 

Probably  the  severest  application  met  by  dip-dyes  is  in  the 
colored  upper  windshield  used  in  the  cockpit  of  the  B-25 
bomber.  The  dye  must  be  extremely  light  fast,  must  not  be 
affected  be  rain,  snow,  etc.,  and  must  pass  rigid  optical  re- 
quirements. Special  dip-dyes  have  been  developed  for  this 
purpose.  END 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

1.  Clewell,   T.  H.  and  Payne,  H.   W.     "The  Use  of  Pigments,  Lakes, 
and  Other  Coloring  Materials  in  Plastics."     Ind.  fr  Bug.  Chem.  29,  760 
(1937). 

2.  Anonymous  "Colors   and   Pigments   for   Plastics."     Chem.   and  Ind. 
(London)  55,  June  23   (1936). 

3.  Clark,    F.    G.      "Coloring    Materials    for    Copolymer    Vinyl    Chloride- 
Acetate  Compounds."     Ind.  and  Eng.  Chem.  35,  368  (1943). 

4.  Munsell,  A.  H.     Munsell  Book  of  Color.     Munsell  Color  Co.,  Inc., 
Baltimore,    Maryland    (1942). 

5.  Encyclopedia   Britannica.      Vol.   6.       pp.   63. 

6.  Ibid.     pp.   63A. 

7.  Rohn  and  Has«  Tech.  Bulletin  Dyeing  of  Pleiiglas  Rods  and  Sheets, 
May  20.   1940. 

The  author  wishes  to  acknowledge  the  cooperation  of  the  Krieger  Color 
and  Chemical  Co.  who  furnished  all  dyes  used  for  experimental  work. 

All  colored  parts  illustrated  with  this  paper  have  been  dyed  with 
Kriegr-O-Dip  dyes. 


Scrap  Is  An  Asset 

(Continued  from  page  122) 


A  certain  amount  of  processing  is,  of  course,  necessary, 
regardless  of  the  care  taken  by  the  molder  or  fabricator. 
In  some  cases,  metal,  paper  or  foreign  inserts  are  deeply 
imbedded  in  the  parts,  and  it  does  not  pay  to  remove  them 
from  scrap.  However,  it  is  not  nearly  as  difficult  to  sepa- 
rate molded  rejects  into  the  parts  having  different  colors 
or  parts  made  of  different  molding  compounds  as  it  is  to 
separate  re-ground  scrap  from  foreign  matter,  especially 
when  the  latter  is  of  the  same  color.  For  example,  cellu- 
lose acetate  may  be  mixed  with  methyl  methacrylate  of  the 
same  color.  Still  greater  difficulties  occur  when  the  re- 
ground  scrap-  contains  more  than  two  types  of  contamina- 
tion. 

Processing  Equipment 

To  do  a  complete  job  of  reclamation,  equipment  must  be 
utilized  which  washes,  grinds,  magnetizes,  separates  by  flo- 
tation, sifts  and  compounds  the  scrap.  A  fully-equipped 
chemical  laboratory,  including  a  small  compress  and  injec- 
tion molding  machine,  also  proves  helpful.  All  shipments  of 
scrap  must  be  tested  by  a  chemist  to  determine  its  compo- 
sition and  the  nature  and  extent  of  its  contamination,  if 
any.  Chemical  analysis  will  also  show  whether  it  will  be 
profitable  to  recondition  the  scrap  or  discard  it. 

If  the  pieces  of  scrap  are  too  small  for  hand  sorting,  the 
material  must  be  ground  before  further  processing  can  be 
attempted.  Good  results  have  been  obtained  by  the  author 
with  Ball  &  Jewell  grinders,  which  are  available  in  all  sizes, 
according  to  the  form  and  size  of  the  pieces  which  have  to 
be  granulated. 

The  advantages  of  keeping  colors  and  material  segre- 
gated into  uniform  groups  can  be  seen  from  the  fact  that 
the  molder  receives  from  the  scrap  processor  a  grade  of 
material  which  corresponds  to  the  purity  of  his  scrap.  If 
he  has  failed  to  separate  colors,  he  receives  a  re-ground, 
mixed-color  scrap  which  is  not  as  valuable,  according  to 
OPA  Order  MPR  345,  as  that  produced  from  purer  stock. 

If  the  scrap  contains  brass,  aluminum  or  other  non-fer- 
rous pieces,  chemical  flotation  must  be  used,  since  this  is 
the  only  means  for  removing  such  matter.  Foreign  plas- 


360 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


ties  substances  may  also  be  removed  in  this  manner.  Fer- 
rous ingredients  are  easily  separated  with  a  magnetic  drum 
so  powerful  that  it  retains  all  pieces  regardless  of  size. 

Once  the  scrap  is  freed  of  contaminants,  it  may  either 
be  used  as  is  for  re-molding,  or  it  can  be  further  improved 
by  re-compounding  (adding  plasticizers  or  flakes  in  order 
to  obtain  proper  flow — softer  or  harder,  as  desired).  The 
better  care  the  molder  takes  in  accumulation  of  waste,  the 
better  is  the  quality  of,  and  the  lower  are  the  operating  ex- 
penses involved  in  re-converting  scrap  into  high-grade 
molding  materials. 

Experience  has  shown  that  properly-reworked  plastics 
can  often  hardly  be  distinguished  from  virgin  material,  al- 
though in  some  instances  it  is  desirable  to  improve  reclaim 
by  adding  original  stock.  Just  what  the  molder  should  do 
depends  upon  the  quality  he  is  trying  to  achieve  and  the 
quality  of  the  stock  available  to  him. 

Effort  spent  in  instituting  proper  salvage  procedures  at 
this  time  should  not  be  regarded  merely  as  a  war  measure, 
but  rather  as  an  investment  in  conservation.  Even  after 
the  war,  when  fresh  materials  are  available  at  reduced 
prices,  the  molder  and  fabricator  will  still  be  well  com- 
pensated for  the  attention  he  has  given  to  procedures  which 
expedite  processing  scrap  into  good,  re-usable  plastics  ma- 
terial. END 


Plastics  in  Refrigeration 

(Continued  from  page  128) 


ing.  Moisture  absorption,  another  cause  of  dimensional 
change,  is  nil.  Absence  of  plasticizer  also  results  in  strength 
retention,  since  it  is  the  loss  of  plasticizer  after  molding 
which  causes  some  materials  to  become  brittle.  The  fact 
that  there  is  no  loss  in  strength  of  molded  parts  is  a  tem- 
perature drop  to  as  low  as  — 40°  C  also  commends  polys- 
tyrene for  refrigerator  applications. 

Additional  Uses 

Among  the  many  interior  parts  for  which  plastics  may  be 
used  are  the  following:  Butter  receptacle  control  knob, 
defrost  indicator  lens,  drain  tray  handle,  conservador  latch, 
thermometer  housing  and  dial,  pearl  corner  bracket  on 
moldings,  corner  trim,  drain  trap;  storage  bin  handles, 
knob  and  ornamentation;  cold  control  wheel,  evaporator 
frame,  sight  gauge  float  rod,  milk  shelf  handle,  drip  pan, 
light  switch  plunger,  crisper  tray  fronts  and  handles,  and 
light  control  dials.  END 


Growth  of  the  U.  S.  Refrigeration  Industry 


ndustry 
Ye.r 


Household 

Refrigeration 

Units 


Average 
Sales 
Price 

w 


TO  1920. 
1921. 
1922. 
1923. 
1924 
1925. 
1926. 
1927. 
1928. 
1929. 
1930 
1931  . 

1933 

1934 

1935. 

1936. 

1937. 

1938. 

1939. 

1940 

1941 


10.000 600 

5.050 550 

12,000 ..525 


18,000 475 

30,000 450 

75.000 ..425 


210.000 390 

390,000 350 

560,000 334 

840.000 212 

850.000 215 


.  965,000 258 

.  840,000 195 

.1,080.000..,  ..110 


.1.390.000 172 

.1.722.000 106 

.2,222.000 104 

.2,559.000 171 

.1,430.000 172 

.2.085,000 169 

.2.780.000 164 

.3.700.000...  ..161 


:::  ::::: 
! 


::::: 


!!!!!!!!! 


ill 


I  a  it  i  itumt  I  ii  I.  ii  tut  it  company,  emtaatlnhed 
for  .7fV  uearu  in  1'hicago.  im  loohlna  for  a 
crratlre  Industrial  ili-\inn<-r  for  a  IHTIIKI- 
ttfiti  connection. 

M  or/,  trill  hi-  pleanant  am  u  ••  hare  a  com- 
ftlflf  Kimi in'i-riiiti  ffi-/m  rmii-tt  t  to  cooper- 
ate  In  ilif  production  of  major  appliance* 
of  a  ilii  fr-ifii-il  n  a  i  n  i,-. 

It  «•  iranl  a  man  capable  of  *ludulna  our 
InduHlru.  and  de*tanlna  our  product*  Into 
li-niliT-liiii.  n'e  hare  a  modern  and  fullo- 
etiulpped   plant    to   produce    the   kind   of 
merehandl*e  a  top-lllahl  dexlaner  irould 
be  proud  to  be  associated  trlth. 
Add r f**  Plant Icit,  Hox  IS 
S  tO  .V.  .Michigan    I  <  .  ..  f hlcaao  II.  III. 


For  Post  Precision  Milling  Operations 


DOUGLAS  PRECISION  MILLER 

Product!...  .  Tool  Room  .  Model  Shop 

32"  x  8»  working  lurface  o!  table. 
Wide  ran,.  oJ  .pindl.  .p-ed.  and  re- 
,.r»ible  »««d»  to  choow  from  for  all 
material!  and  all  accuracy  r«ruire- 

A  handy  machln.  of  w.U  b°l<""-»d 
de.ign.  which  pro»e.  it*  worth  In  tht 
»hop  lor  procWon  milling. 
UnlTermal  Milling  attachment,  and  dl 
Tiding  head*  or.  a»allabU  to  In- 
create  «h«  «cop«  oJ  operation*. 

PROMPT  DELIVER 


Full     unl  vma  I       Dividing     H«»d 
milling    attach-       •  nd_  T«  ll  •  t  or  h 

7ft-  rl*l on  DtTtdln* 
H««d  and  Tali- 
Modi  lUtlo  40:1. 


DOUGLAS  MACHINERY   CO.,  Inc. 

ISO     iHOADWAT     •     NIW     YOUK      N     Y 


MARCH  1945 


PLASTtCS 


'.-I 


Advance  Molding  Corp 

Agicide  Laboratories,   Inc 

Airtronics   Manufacturing    Co 

Alexander   Hamilton   Institute 

Allied    Products   Corporation 

Allmetal   Screw   Products  Co 

American  Decalcomania  Co.,  Inc. 

American   Extruded  Products  Co.. 

American    Flange   *   Manufac- 
turing Co.,  Inc 

American    Molding    Powder  & 
Chemical   Corp 

American   Phenolic   Corporation.. 

Amos  Molded   Plastics 

Arey.   R.   G.,  Company 

Arrow   Plastics  Co 

Art   Plastic  Company 

Auburn    Burton    Works    Incor- 
porated    


Advertising    Agency 
.Kermin-Thall    


West-Marquis.    Inc  ................. 

Ralph  H.  Jones  Company,  The.... 

Grace   &   Bement   Incorporated  ..... 

Firestone   Advertising   Service,   Inc. 
Geo.   J.   Cowan  Advertising  ....... 

Ralph  Eisenberg   .................. 


....213 
....345 
...17? 


Freiwald    A    Coleman    Advertising. 
Vanguard    Advertising 


Evans  Associates,   Inc 

Sidener  and  Van  Riper,   Inc 

John  A.  Smith  S   Staff 

Powerad   Company,  The 

Industrial    Conversions,    Inc 

.Charles  L.   Rumrill  &  Company 


....1*7 
...304 

..155 
....331 

...113 


....328 
. ...  32 
.SO,  SI 
....247 
21 


....245 
..  31 


Bamberger,   A Vanguard   Advertising    330 

Barnes  *  Relnecke Behel  and  Waldie  and  Briggs 30 

Battalen,   L   H 340 

Biggs  Boiler  Works  Co.,  The C.  A.   Reese  Advertising  Agency 181 

Blaw-Knox    Company    Al  Paul  Lefton  Company,  Inc 99 

Booton    Molding   Company A.  J.  Slomanson 40 

Brilhart,  Arnold,  Ltd Henri  LeMothe  Agency Back  Cover 

Burnet  Co.,  The 3C7 

Butterfield,   T.   F..   Inc I4S 

Buttondex    Corporation    350 

Catalin  Corporation   Walter   J.   Gallagher,   Advertis- 
ing     Second  Cover 

Celanese    Plastics  Corporation Ivey  *   Ellington,    Inc 225 

Cello-Plastic  Chemical  Co Dittman,   H.   M ...2*0 

Celold  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc Marvin  Sherret  Advertising 317 

Chemaco  Corporation   ft.   T.    O'Connell    Company 235 

Chemical   Division,  The   B.   F. 

Goodrich    Company    Grlswold-Eshleman  Co.,  The 7 

Chemical    Manufacturing    Co.,    The 344 

Chicago    Fabricated    Products 348 

Chicago    Molded    Products 

Corporation    Almon  Brooks  Wilder.  Inc.  HI.  It2,  193.  194 

Ciba   Products  Corporation Cory  Snow,    Inc 285 

Cinch    Manufacturing    Corpo- 
ration    D.  T.  Campbell,   Inc el 

Clark,  Robert  H.,  Company West-Marquis.   Inc 314 

Cohan-Epnar   Co.,    Incorporated 309 

Columbian   Rope  Company Barlow  Advertising  Agency,   Inc 5 


Rope  Co 
Plastics 


Products 


Connecticut 
Company 
Consolidated    Molded   Products 

Corporation     Walter  J.   Gallagher,  Advertising if 

Continental   Can  Company,   Inc.. .  .Batten,  Barton,  Durstine  4  Osborn,   Inc.  45 

Continental   Plastics_Corp Jim   Duffy  Company,  Advertising 308 

.Rossi   &   Hirshson    283 

.George  T.  Metcalf  Co 337 


.Philips  Webb  Upham  Advertising  Co.. 219 
.Walter  J.   Gallagher,  Advertising 


Continental  Screw  Co. 

Cook,  Lawrence  H.,  tnc 

Cumberland    Engineering    Co. 

Curtis   Manufacturing    Company..  .Oakleigh   R.   French   &   Associates  . 


.287 
.284 


Davies,  Harry,  Molding  Company 293 

Davis,  Joseph,  Plastics  Co Scheck   Advertising   Agency   Incor- 
porated      298 

Design  Service  Co Thomas  D.   Penti  Co 129 

Despatch  Oven  Company Harold   C.   Walker,   Advertising 304 

Detroit  Macoid  Corporation   Walter  J.    Gallagher,   Advertising 227 

Detroit  Mold  Engineering  Com- 
pany   Charles  M.   Gray  ft   Associates 274 

Detroit  Wax  Paper  Co 343 

Diana  Clock  Works     James  A.  Greig  t  Associates,  Inc 341 

Dickten  (  Masch  Mfg.  Co 354 

Dillon.  W.  C..  1  Co..   Inc 275 

DoAII    Company,   The Weston-Barnett.   Inc , 157 

Douglas  Machinery  Co.,    Inc. Rea,    Fuller  ft   Company   3*1 

MacManus    John  ft  Adams,  Inc.... 238,  239 

.Young   &   Rubicam,   Inc 299 

.354 
.  17 
.  27 


Dow   Chemical   Company,  The. 

Drackett    Company,    The 

Dunning   and   Boschert   Press   Co. 
Dura   Plastics,   Inc. 


.Vanguard  Advertising    

Durite   Plastics   Incorporated Lawrence  I.    Everling 

Duro  Metal   Products  Co Irving   J.  Rosenbloon    Advertising 

Agency  292 

Eagle   Grinding   Wheel   Co.       343 

Eagle   Signal    Corporation Bawden    Bros.,    Inc 351 

Eclipse    Fuel    Engineering 

Company Van  Auken  &  Ragland 183 

Eclipse    Moulded    Products 

Company      Morrison  Advertising  Agency,  Inc 233 

Ekstrom,   Carlson   t  Co 358 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The  .  Ruthrauff  &  Ryan,  Inc.,  Advertising 87 

Electroforming   Co 338 

Emeloid   Co.,   Inc.,  The United  Advertising   Agency 282,  321 

Engineering    Specialties   Cor- 
poration     Maxon    Incorporated     347 

Executone,   Inc Joseph   Kafz  Company,   The 340 

Extruded  Plastics,  Inc J.  M.   Hickerson,   Inc 197 


Famco  Machine  Co Western    Advertising    Agency 

Federal  Telephone  and  Radio 

Corporation    

Felsenthal,  G  ,  *  Sons 

Formica   Insulation   Co.,  The... 


.320 


..Marschalk  S   Pratt  Co 4 

Lieber    Advertising    Co 8 

..Chester  C.    Moreland   Co.,  The 115 

Francis,  Chas.   E.,  Co Wheeler-Kight  and  Gainey,  Inc 281 


Gemloid   Corp.,   The 314 

General    Electric    2*1 .242 

General    Industries    Company, 
The    Fuller  *  Smith  S  Ross,  Inc.  201 


Advertising  Agency 

General   Molded   Plastics $9 

General    Plastics   Corporation     33? 

Gering   Products,    Inc M.    C.    Diedrich 278 

Girdler   Corporation.   The Roche,  Williams  *  Cleary,  Inc 103 

Gits    Molding    Corporation Merchandising    Advertisers        .  333 

Glass,  Harry  H.,  I  Bro H.  J.   Gold   Co.   Advertising 245 

Globe  Tool  and   Molded   Products  Co 249 

Great   Lakes   Plastics 343 

Grigoleit   Company,   The |4Q 

Grotet   File  Co.   of  America Lee-Stockman.    Inc '..337 

Grotalite  Manufacturing  Co.,   Inc.  .S.   C.   Baer  Company,  The 288 


....Kreicker  *   Meloan,  Inc 355 

W.   L.   Black  Advertising   Agency 344 

Crescent  Advertising   Service...  ...310 

301 

Anderson    Davis  ft  Platte,  Inc 273 

...I.    A.    Feinstein 149 

....Fuller  ft  Smith  &  Ross,  Inc.   .  ...145 


Haas  Company,  The 

Hall    Line    Corporation 

Hammond    Machinery    Build- 
ers,   Inc 

Harvey,  Guy  P     S  Son 

Hassall,   John,    Inc 

Hawley    Products   Company 
Hercules    Powder   Company 

Incorporated     

Hinde  &  Dauch   Paper  Com- 
pany, The  Howard   Swink  Advertising  Agency 147 

Hodgman  Rubber  Co Franklin    Advertising    Service 34 

Hood    Rubber  Company McCann-Erickson,    Inc 141 

Hoosier  Cardinal   Corporation 85 

Hopp  Press,  The Gallard    Advertising    Agency 327 

House  of  Plastics Charles    Oswald    117 

Hummel-Ross    Fibre    Corporation.  .Courtland  D.  Ferguson,  Inc 101 

Hydraulic    Press    Mfg.    Company, 
The    —  Jay  H.  Maish  Company,  The 3 

Imperial  Molded  Products  Corp. .  .Kreicker  &  Meloan,  Inc ..37 

Improved    Paper    Machinery 

Corporation    Davis  Press,  Inc..  The 332 

Industrial    Conversions    Incor- 
porated      Industrial  Conversions,  Inc 25? 

Industrial    Equipment   Company 334 

Industrial  Molded  Products  Co — Wesley  E.  Sharer  and  Associates 143 

Industrial   Plastics  Corporation 311 

Induitrial    Screw   A   Supply   Company 349 

Invincible    Tool    Co Reuter  &   Bragdon   Incorporated 300 

Jarrell-Ash    Company    318 

Karlstad,  Andrew  C 358 

Kearney  1  Trecker  Products  Klau-Van  Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 

Corporation  Inc.  59 

Kimberly-Clark  Corporation  Foote,  Cone  &  Belding  13 

Kingsbacher-Murphy  Co Mayers  Company,  The 341 

Kingsley  Gold  Stamping  Machine  Co 314 

Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Company Cory  Snow,  Inc 277 

Klise  Manufacturing  Company 354 

Koch,  George,  Sons,  Inc R.  Malcolm  and  Associates 353 

Krieger  Color  and  Chemical 

Company  Warren  P.  Fehlman  Adv.  Co 296,  304 

Kuhn  *  Jacob  Molding  & 

Tool  Co Eldridge-Northrop,  Inc.  . ?3 

Kun-Kasch,  Inc Kircher,  Lytle,  Helton  &  Collett 3? 

Kux  Machine  Company Kuttner  &  Kuttner  Advertising ..272 

La boratory    S pecia Ities,    Inc 328 

Lance    Manufacturing    Company 13? 

Lansky   Die  Cutting  Co Aid  ridge  &   Preston  Advertising 314 

Leommster  Tool  Co..   Inc Cory  Snow,   Inc 175 

Lester-Phoenix,    Inc Ralph    Maitland    107 

Lewis,   A.   Steven " 153 


Mack  Molding   Company George  Homer  Martin,  Advertising. 

Macmillan    Company,   The Atherton  &  Currier  Incorporated 


25 
294 
351 
257 
202 
339 


MacRae's   Blue   Book Western   Advertising   Agency 

Magnetic   Plastics  Company,  The.. Gregory    Advertising,    Inc.    

Marblette   Corporation    James  Perlowin Facing   Pg 

Markal   Co Vernon   S.    Weiler,    Advertising 

Martindell    Molding    Co Eldridge-Northrop,    Inc 323 

Mayfair  Molded   Products  Corporation 2B 

Mearl    Corporation,    The 352 

Metaplast   Company Sam  J.  Gallay,  Advertising 133 

Meyercord   Co.,   The Western    Advertising    Agency 19 

Michigan   Molded   Plastics.   Inc Wallace-Lindeman,    Inc 189 

Midland   Die  and   Engraving   Co.     Behel  and  Waldie  and   Briggs 110,  III 

Milford  Rivet  I  Machine  Co.,  The  Alfred   D.  Guion  &  Co.,   Inc 28? 

Mills,   Elmer   E Bozel    &   Jacobs 90 

Milwaukee  Industrial  Designers 349 

Minneapolis  Plastic  Molders,  Inc..  .Addison   Lewis  &  Associates 279 

Misener   Mfg.   Co.,    Inc 338 

Missouri    Pacific    Lines 332 

Modern   Plastics  Corporation Paxson    Advertising,    Inc 313 

Modglin    Company 342 

Molded    Products Cruttenden    &   Eger 63 

Mosinee  Paper  Mills  Company Klau-VanPietersom-Dunlap    Associates, 

Inc 121 

Munising    Paper   Company,   The... Robert  A.  Gallagher  Service 204 

McAleer  Manufacturing  Co L.  Charles  Lussier,  Inc 24 

Mclnerney   Plastics  Co Webber  Advertising   Agency 1*9 

National    Lock   Company L.  W.  Ramsey  Advertising  Agency,  The. 131 

National  Organ  Supply  Co National   Service    271 

National    Plastic   Products   Com- 
pany    Joseph  A.  Wilner  Company,  The 312 

National  Vulcanized   Fibre  Co John  Gilbert  Craig  Advertising 35 

Neo    Plastics    Products    Company. R.    T.    O'Connell    Company 354 

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The. Charles   Daniel    Frey   Advertising 

Agency   10 

Niacet  Chemicals  Corporation 359 

North  American  Electric  Lamp  Co.Clifford  F.   Breeder 320 

Northern   Industrial  Chemical 
Company    Callaway  Associates,  The 334 


362 


PLASTICS 


MARCH  1945 


Advertising  Index 


AoVertru'ng   Agency 

Omni     Products    Corporation 

Owens-Corning    Fiberglas   Corpor- 
ation      Fuller  I  Smith  1   Row  Inc.. 


.2S3 
.220 


Parisian  Novelty  Company Rob.rt   Peterson   Advertising   Agency     .177 

P..H.H    Roll    (.tit    Company.     Inc. |  ac, 


Pennsylvania    Cod  I    Products    Company 


Pioneer   PUitlcs   Company 

PUikon  Olviilon,  Llbbey-Owens- 

Ford   Glai»  Company 

Ptaitic  01*  and  Tool  Corp 

Plastic    Finishing    Corporation   . 

Plastic    Industrial,    Inc 

Plastic    Film    Corporation 

Plasticraft  Specialties 

Plastics  Industrial  Tachnlcal 

Institute 


.Maldrum  1  Fawsml  h  Advartls    g. 
Booker-Cooper,   Inc 
.Jack  Straus  berg 

Charles   8run.ll. 
.Sander  Rodkin  Advertising  Agancy 


343 

14.  IS 
330 
2t 
302 
14 
3S7 


.Beaumont  and   Hohman   Incorporated  .324 

Plastifab     347 

Ptastiques  Laboratories.  Tha  . .  [342 

Plastite   Adhesive   Cement  Company '.'.'".     ...3SB 

Plai    Corporation Charlat    Brunalle         II 

Precision   Plastics  Company Earle  A.  Buckley  Organliation,  Tha 12 

Printloid.    Inc Shappe-Wilkas   Inc.      . 

Protective  Coatings  Inc L.  Charles  Lussier,   Inc..  ...303 

Pyro    Plastics   Company,   Tha 255 

Radio  Corporation  of  America.. 
Radio  Receptor  Company,  Inc.. 
Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.I.  Inc. 

Recto  Molded  Products,  Inc 

Reed-Prentice   Corp 

Reinhold    Publishing    Corp 

Respro    Inc 


Rodgers    Hydraulic.    Inc 

Rohm  1  Haas  Company 

Rothco    Products  

Royla,  John,  A  Sons 


K.nyon  t   Eckhardt  Inc.,  Advartlslng 

Shappe-Wilkes    Inc 

.Richard  Thorndike  Advertising 

Howard-Wesson  Co. '. '. '. '. '.'.'.'. '. '. 

.Ray-Hirsch    Company 

.Frank  E.   Dodge  t  Company, 

Incorporatad     

.  McCann-Erickson     Inc 

.Nawell-Emmett  Company 

.Rothschild   Advertising   Agenc 


Santay  Corporation Vanden  Company,  Inc..  The.. 

Sav-Way    Industries Floral.  Phillips  i   Clark.  Inc.. 

Schoder  A  Lombard  Stamp  A  Dia  Co.,  Inc... 

Schwab  ft   frtnk     'nc 

Screen   Process  Company 

Shaw    Insulator   Company Charias    irunella 

Slagel,    M.    B..    Associates 

Slater,  N.  G.,  Corp Kermin-Tha 

Snydar  Brilliant  Co 

Sobenite    Inc Lamport-Fox-Pr.il  1  Dolk  Inc 

Soim.r  Co Ehrlich  S   Nauwlrth 

South  Band   Modern  Molding  Company 

Speed-O-Laq    Products  Company.  .McCord   Company,   Inc.,  Tha 


.137 
344 
.123 
.355 

187 
.335 

353 
284 

.124 
324 

.  34 

.  24 
.  55 
.352 

.304 

350 

BO 

'.in 

340 

.  II 

.307 
308 

.315 


Stack   Plastics 


Aetv*rfi*ing  Agtnty 


Andrews   Advertising    Agency 
Standard  Products  Company,  Tha     Brooke,  Smith,  French  A  Dorranca, 


Inc 


Sterling   Plastic!  Co Walter  J    Gallagher,   Advartlslng 

Stokes.  F.  J.  Machine  Co McLain  Organliation   Incorporatad 

Strieker   Srunhuber   Co  Aldrldge-Preston    Advertising 

Swanson,    Arthur,    and    Associate! 

Synvar    Corporation 

T  Die  Cast  and  Molded  Product! 

Taylor  Fibre  Company       Gray    ft    Rogers. 

Teckna    Company Lee-Stockman,    Inc.. 

Tennessee    Eastman   Corporation  .  .Fashion   Advartlslng   Co.,   Inc 

Tlnnarman  Products,  Inc White  Advertising  Company. 

Trans-Malic   Plastics  Company 

Tri-Stata  Plastic   Molding 
Company    Jack    Strauibarg     

United    Plaitlc    Corp... 
United  Screw  and   Bolt 

Corporation  

United   States  Testing    Company, 

Universal   Hydraulic   Machinery  Co 
Utah  Plastic  1   Die-Cast  Co 


231 


.Fred  W.   Mellis  Advertising 
Robert  B.  Grady  Company. 


3IT 
.  KB 

..Xtl 

33« 

135 

..241 

47 

a.  23 


.310 
.M 
.  » 
.  II 


Valley    Manufacturing   Co Phllllpi  Wiebb  Upham  t  Co 

Velepec    Fred   M.  Co Schactar,   Fain  I   Lent 

Victory  Manufacturing  Company   ..Earle  Ludgin  A  Company.. 

Victory    Plastics    Company James  Thomas  Chlrburg  Company 

Virginia-Lincoln    Corp Houck  A  Company,  Advertising   ... 


.  .J.  Haydan  Twin,  Tha  House  of 
. .  Mantarnach,    Inc 

R.  T.  O'Connall  Company 

..Hardy  Advartlslng 


Walker  Goulard   Plehn  Co 

Waterbury   Companies,    Inc 

Watertown   Manufacturing 

Company,   Tha 

Western   Shade   Cloth   Company 

Tha    

Westinghouse  Electric  t  Mfg.  Co.. Fuller  i  Smith  t  Row  Inc... 
White,  Thos.  J..  Plastics  Company  Wesley  K.   Nash  Company     . 

Williams,   W.    E.   Co Altomari  Advertising  Agency 

Wilson   Carbon   Company 

Worcester  Moulded   Plastics 

Company    C    Jerry  Spaulding,  Inc 

Wrlglay,   Jr.,   William,   Company    Ruthrauff  t  Ryan,  Inc 


Third 


.2*7 

.312 
274 
2U 

.211 

324 


..20t 

..171 
77 


.144 


Cover 
270 


Yardlay  Plastic!  Co Byer  1  Bowman  Advertising  Agancy       343 


Zlv  Steal  1  Wire  Co. 
Zolllnger,    Albert    ... 


.217 
.144 


EACH  MONTH  IN 


plastics 


.  .  .  the  currently  vital  news  of  the  plastics  industry,  presented  In 
balanced,  authoritative  articles.  Planned  for  all  manufacturers,  chem- 
ists, engineers  and  designers  who  must  have  practical  information  about 
plastics  and  their  application  to  the  needs  of  today  and  tomorrow 

BE   SURE   TO    KEEP  YOUR   SUBSCRIPTION   IN    FORCE 


«  FABRICATORS  « 

LAMINATED  BAKELITE  and  VULCANIZED  FIBRE 
FOR     INDUSTRIAL    •    MECHANICAL    and    ELECTRICAL    TRADES 

SHEETS    •    RODS    •    TUBES 


AIRCRAFT    SPECIALTIES    •    WASHERS    •    PLASTIC    PARTS    •    INSULATION    • 
PARTS    MADE    FROM    BLUEPRINT    SPECIFICATIONS 


RADIO    PARTS 


PIONEER   PLASTICS  COMPANY 


80  GREEN   STREET 


NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


MARCH  1945 


I'LASTU'S 


Ml 


To 


ELECTRONIC    HIGH    FREQUENCY    HEATERS    CAN    DO    FOR    THEM 


. 

'/a Pc"n«rv 


and  are  m<- 
the  Heaters  as 
rpPUed  to  laminating 
°nd  heat  sealing  P-'P" 
'in  the  production  ol 
paper  bags-" 


'*• 


•We  are  intersted  In  the 
application  of  heating 
and  drying  tobacco,  par- 
ticulary  as  to  the  dry- 
Ing  in  hogsheads." 


' 


•We  are  interested  in 
your  Ihermatron  electronic 
high  frequency  Bating 

system  for  the  drying  ol 

sole    leather." 


uV* 


I 


THAT  APPLICATIONS  FOR   Therm^fron    INTERNAL  HEAT 
GENERATION  ARE  SO  VAST  THAT  WE  HAVE  NOT  AS  YET  EVEN  TAPPED  THE  SURFACE. 

•  li«-_riii«i£ron  — neaf  without  flame— can  be  extensively  used  in  the  setting  of  plastics. 
It  heats  and  dries  all  types  of  non-metallic  materials,  including  textiles,  paper,  powders, 
wools,  ceramics,  etc.  It  cures  rubber  and  sets  glues. 

SUBMIT  SAMPLES  of  your  materials,  along  with  details  of  your 
problem,  to  Radio  Receptor  engineers.  We  will  be  glad  to  make  all 
necessary  tests,  and  give  you  a  full,  unbiased  and  confidential  report, 
including  our  opinion  as  to  whether  or  not  it  will  pay  you  to  use 
this  type  of  heat.  There  is  no  charge  or  obligation  for  this  service. 

ff'rile,  on  your  own  letterhead,  for  our  new  ThejrmjSlroii 
folder  to  Dept.  P-3. 

Standard  sizes  from  500  watts  to  30  kilowatts  output. 
Units  of  special  sizes  and  frequencies  built  to  order. 


Division 


RADIO  RECEPTOR  COMPANY,  !:>< 


2.%1   WKST   I  »th  STREET 


>K\%    YORK   I  I.  >.  V. 


SINCE      1922      IN      RADIO      AND      ELECTRONICS 


MARCH  1945 


ET'S  GET  ON  YOUR  PLASTICS  PLANS. 


ven  though  the  war  decks  remain  far  from  cleared,  future  plastics  applications  in  your  field 
f  manufacture  are  naturally  under  discussion.  With  increasing  regularity  such  planning 
leetings  take  place  with  the  Trio  in  attendance.  The  best  way  to  tell  how  great  a  role  may 
e  assigned  to  plastics  applications  is  to  start  from  the  beginning.  Your  plans  may  depend 
pon  some  form  of  plastics  other  than  injection  moulding.  We  tell  you  so.  Or  injection 
moulding  may  be  the  answer  which  at  first  glance  never  occurred  to  you,  in  which  case  you 
an  count  heavily  on  our  unbiased  experience  as  custom  moulders,  our  moulding  techniques 
nd  our  unusual  facilities.  Let  your  thoughts  of  plastics  take  shape  with  the  help  of  the  Trio. 


For  Custom  Injection 
Moulding  ...  try  the  Trio 


.„„,.,.... 


.-•—'"••" 


AT    THE   PRESENT  TIME,  NYLON  IS  AVAILABLE  ONLY  FOR  CRITICAL  WAR  USE 


iPR 
1945 


'^* 

y 


1 


J 


The  War  Department's  Chemical  Warfare 
Service  has  developed  a  specific  require* 
ment  for  which  Catalin  has  proven  ideally 
suited!  Small  Catalin  jars,  ordinarily  iden- 
tified as  cigarette  humidors  or  cosmetic 
containers  offered  the  design  and  structural 
form  necessary  to  a  newly  devised  and 
highly  effective  bombing  pattern. 

For  the  present,  fulfillment  of  this  vitally 
Important  assignment  is  requiring  every 
possible  ounce  of  Catalin's  vast  and  com- 
plete production.  And  .  .  .  even  though  such 
a  situation  curtails  civilian-use  Catalin,  re- 
member that  the  end  purpose  of  the  task  at 
hand  will  mean  a  brighter  future — sooner! 

So,  as  Catalin  continues  to  lay  these 
needed  bomb  elements  on  the  line  .  .  .  con- 
tinue to  lay  your  Catalin  plans  on  the  line, 
too.  For  this  purpose  the  facilities  and  coun- 
sel of  our  technical  staff  are  at  your  service! 

CATALIN  CORPORATION 

ONE  PARK  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 

CAST  RESINS   •    IIQUID  RESINS 
MOLDING  COMPOUNDS 


X 


SPEED  NUTS  OVER  TOKYO      , 


Boeing  uses  thousands  of  SPEED  NUTS 
on  every  B-29  Superfortress  to  make 
them  lighter,  faster  and  deadlier. 


Photos  courtesy  of  Booing  Aircraft  Company 


SPEED    NUTS    HELP  THESE    BOEING   WORKERS    BOOST    B-29    PRODUCTION 

TINNERMAN  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

2127    Fulton   Road,  Cleveland   13,  Ohio 

In    Canada:   Wallace    Barntt   Co.,    lid.,    Hamilton,    Ontario  In   England:   Simmondi  Atrac«»ori*t,   IM.,  London 


FASTEST    THING    IN    FASTENINGS 


APRIL   19  I.', 


PLASTICS 


1001- 


Molds  for  plastics  pose  some  tough  milling  problems 
occasionally.  Here's  a  tray  mold  —  that  could  have 
been  difficult,  but  it  was  completed  on  a  Milwaukee 
Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine  with  typical  speed,  econ- 
omy, and  accuracy. 

Read  this  job  report  — 

TRAY   MOLD 

CAVITY  SIZE  —  width,  12  inches,  length,  15i/2  inches, 
depth,  11/2  inches. 

Time  required  for  milling  both  mold  halves  complete  — 
219  hours. 

All  form  cutters  milled  to  correct  size  and  shape  on  the 
Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine. 

Check  these  advantages  of  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head 


Milling  Machine  and  how  you  can  benefit  from  them 
in  your  own  shop: 

DIRECT  . .  .  mills  mold  cavities  in  a  single  set-up  with- 
out the  aid  of  templets  or  models. 

ACCURATE . . .  chances  for  error  are  eliminated  because 
there  is  no  change  in  set-up.  Exact  control  of  all  com- 
binations of  cutting  movements — possible  only  with  this 
machine — transmits  mathematical  precision  to  the  work. 

FAST  .  .  .  initial  job  preparation  and  set-up  time  is  re- 
duced to  the  minimum.    Accurate  performance  of  the 
machine  saves  operator's  time  and  rapid  production  of 
intricate  molds  and  dies  is  the  result. 
Write  for  Bulletin  No.  1 002C  and  complete  information. 


BUILDERS  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGETMILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER  •  AUTOMETRIC  JIG  BORER  •  CENTER  SCOPE. 


Kearney  &  Trecker 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee  14,  Wisconsin 


Bookmakers  are 
giving  odds  on  Geon 


Because— with  0B011  it's  the  combination  of  properties  that  counts 


IT'S  BETTER  than  even  money  that  GEON-coated  fabric 
or  paper— or  flexible  unsupported  sheet — will  be 
broadly  used  for  book-binding  when  the  GEONS  are 
released  for  non-military  applications.  That's  because  a 
product  made  from  GEON  can  be  planned  to  include  the 
properties  needed. 

For  example,  the  ideal  book  binding  must  wear  well — 
particularly  in  public  library  service.  Covers  made  from 
GEON  will  wear  indefinitely,  because  of  their  excellent 
resistance  to  abrasion  and  their  long  flex  life.  They  won't 
be  appreciably  affected  by  age,  either  .  .  .  Books  get  dirty. 
Covers  made  from  GEON  will  be  waterproof,  easily 
washed  .  .  .  Color  is  an  important  factor  in  the  sale  of 


books.  GEON  materials  may  be  brilliantly — or  delicately 
— colored  .  .  .  Many  valuable  book  covers  have  been  de- 
stroyed by  mildew.  GEON  will  be  unaffected  by  mildew 
— discoloration  will  wash  right  off. 

These  and  other  properties  of  GEON — resistance  to 
chemicals,  foods,  heat,  cold,  light  and  many  other  destruc- 
tive elements,  may  be  had  in  an  almost  limitless  variety 
of  planned  combinations.  GEON  may  be  made  into  a  wide 
variety  of  forms,  too — coatings  for  fabric  and  paper; 
flexible  sheet  or  film  for  packaging  materials;  brief  cases, 
upholstery;  flexible  or  rigid  extrusions  and  molded  goods 
for  innumerable  applications.  Probably  you  can  suggest 
additional  applications  for  these  truly  versatile  raw 
materials. 

For  more  complete  information  about  GEON  polyvinyl 
materials,  write  Department  UU-4,  Chemical  Division, 
The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company,  324  Rose  Building, 
Cleveland  15,  Ohio. 


CHEMICAL  DIVISION 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company 


334  IOSI   IUILDINO     •     CIIVIIAND    IS,   OHIO 


APRIL  194.-, 


PLASTICS 


The  Case  of  the  Accurate  Spool  Ends 

Plastic  spool  ends  for  rayon  yarn  must  be  kept  within  a  toler- 
ance of  plus  or  minus  .0025".   Otherwise  the  rayon  yarn 
may  break  as  it  is  wound  around  the  spool,  causing 
costly  shutdowns  at  the  mill.  Before  preheating  with 
Thermex  High  Frequency  Heat,  rejects  due  to  warping 
and  blistering  averaged  10%  at  the  plastics 
plant  producing  these  spools  (name  on       <"? 
request).  After  Thermex  equipment  was 
put  into  operation,  the  spools  were  kept  within 
the  required  tolerance  with  rejection  rate  of 
only  1%,  resulting  in  an  additional  $50 
worth  of  usable  pieces  per  day  for  each 
production  unit;  production  rose 
15%,  and  quality  has  been 
sharply  upgraded.  Taking  into 
account  the  drop  in  the  num- 
ber of  rejects  alone,  the  initial 
investment  in  Thermex  equip- 
ment will  be  recovered  in  less  than 
six  months.  Thermex  High  Frequency  Heat 
has  been  applied  with  equal  success  to 
many  other  items  in  this  and  many  other 
plastics  plants.    Mail  the  coupon. 


A  TRUE  STORY  ABOUT  THE 


THE  FIRST  INDUSTRIAL  HIGH    FREQUENCY   DIELECTRIC    HEATING    EQUIPMENT 


THE  GIRDLER  CORPORATION,  THERMEX  DIVISION, 

DEPT.  PM-4,  LOUISVILLE  1,  KY. 

Please  send  me  complete  information  about  Thermex  for  plastics. 


'Same 


Firm  \arne  and  ,4ddress. 


Mod..  28x0       A  GIRDLER  PRODUCT      L 

8  PLASTMCS 


APRIL  1945 


/THOUGHT^ 
ALL  METALS 
WERE  STRONel 


POOR  DESIGN 
CHUM,  DOtfTGET 

SORE  AT  METALS 
BECAUSE  ONE 
BREAKS! 


J.  HE  Sympathy  of  the  Plastics  Trade 
Goes  out  to  the  Metals  Trade 
When   Something  like  This 
Happens. 

People  are  Bound  to  make  Mistakes 
Sometimes,  in  Designing  Parts  from  the 
Great  Variety  of  Metals  Available. 

The  Problem  is  to  Keep  the  Buying 

Public 

From  renouncing  AH  Metals  because 
One  Application  Fails. 
We  Understand  that  the  Metals  Trade 
Is  Making  Progress. 


Like  Metals,  there  are  Many  Plastics. 
Like  Metals,  Each  Plastic  has  Many 

Forms. 

Like  Metals,  there  are  Misapplications. 
Like  Metals,  We  Hope  for  no 
General    Condemnation   Because 
Some   one  Miscalculates 
Or  tries  to  Save  a  Penny. 

If  You  Too  are  Worried  .  .  . 
Deal  with  a  Well  Established  Molder. 
Well  Staffed,  Well  Equipped. 
Of  Long  and  Varied  Experience. 
Like  Us?  We  Hope. 


A  request  on  your  IcHer  head  w'Hl  oring  you  o  copy  of 
"A   Ready   Reference  for  Plastics." 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS.    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS,    OF    MOST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     •     NEW  JERSEY     •     Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 

NEW        YORK        OFFICE 

Chanm  Bldg  .  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N   Y  .  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


APRIL  194.1 


PLASTICS 


FlBERGLAS 

gives  formed  plastics  parts 
5  BIG  advantages 


The  combination  of  Fiberglas  textiles  (fine  fibers 
of  glass  twisted  into  yarn  and  woven  into  fabrics ! 
and  certain  contact  or  low-pressure  resins  ha? 
resulted  in  a  new  and  different  structural  material. 
It  has  many  significant  properties  and  qualities 
which  excel  those  of  any  material  previously  avail- 
able for  commercial  use. 

As  applied  to  the  production  of  formed  plastics 
parts,  Fiberglas  textiles,  used  as  a  reinforce- 
ment, assure: 

1.  Simplified  fabrication 

2.  Higher  impact  strength 

3.  Better  strength-to-weight  ratio 

4.  Greater  rigidity 

5.  Dimensional  stability 

In  the  production  of  dies  and  jigs,  structural 
forms  and  complicated  parts,  the  necessity  of 
metal  dies  and  machining  is  avoided,  important 
time  and  cost  savings  are  effected.  For  example, 


Complicatfd  aircraft  duct  saves   man-hours  on  the  production  line  be- 
cause ducts  are  not  dented  or  permanently  deformed  during  installation. 


the  aircraft  duct,  illustrated  above,  is  a  one-piece 
fabrication,  not  an  assembly  of  several  parts. 

Impact  strength  from  five  to  ten  times  that 
previously  obtained  in  laminates  is  now  being 
attained  through  Fiberglas  reinforcement.  The 
glass  fibers  have  great  flexibility  and  stand 
high  stresses  without  permanent  deformation. 
They  are  not  affected  by  moisture  changes  within 
the  range  of  commercial  usage,  remaining  dimen- 
sionally  stable. 

Possibly  these  properties  suggest  an  application 
to  the  product  you  are  now  manufacturing  for 
war,  or  are  planning  for  postwar  markets.  Owens- 
Corning  Fiberglas  Corporation  does  not  manu- 
facture resins  or  finished  laminates  but  will  be 
glad  to  furnish  experimental  samples  of  Fiberglas 
and  data  on  techniques  in  its  use  with  plastics. 
Write:  Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corporation, 
1881  Nicholas  Bldg.,  Toledo  1,  Ohio.  In  Canada, 
Fiberglas  Canada  Ltd.,  Oshawa,  Ontario. 


FIBERGLAS 


A  BASIC  MATERIAL 


•T.  M.  Reg.  U.  S.   Pat.  Off. 


10 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


•  Many  postwar  ideas  now  growing  into 
more  finished  form  in  engineering  and 
drafting  rooms  will  call  for  molded  plastic  parts. 

For  these,  General  Industries  offers  the 
services  of  its  molded  plastics  division. 

Please  get  us  right.  We  make  no  pretense  at 
designing  your  molded  plastic  parts.  You  know- 
that  job  hotter  than  we  ever  hope  to. 

But,  we  can  tell  you  whether  it's  a  practical 
molded  plastic  job.  We  can  help  you  select  the 
right  plastic  compounds — and  in  many  cases 
can  suggest  minor  changes  or  refinements  re- 
sulting in  better  parts,  delivered  faster  or  more 
iTiinomically. 

This  "know-how"  extends  through  our  mold- 
making  and  processing  divisions.  Small  parts 
or  large  ones  are  carefully  and  skillfully  engi- 


neered through  the  intricacies  of  mold-design- 
ing, so  that  when  they  leave  the  molds  they  are 
accurate  in  dimensions  and  finely  finished. 

Of  course,  we  have  the  necessary  machines 
for  the  molding  of  large  or  small  work,  in  any 
quantities,  by  compression,  transfer  or  injection 
processes.  And  we  keep  our  delivery  promises. 

So,  if  you  arc  planning  postwar  products  that 
include  molded  plastics,  keep  in  touch  with 
General  Industries.  Right  now,  we're  working 
100%  for  Uncle  Sam,  but  when  the  end  of  that 
is  in  sight,  we'll  be  glad  to  work  with  you. 

THE  GENERAL  INDUSTRIES  COMPANY 

Molded  Plastics  Division  •  Elyria,  Ohio 
Ckicifo:  Phom  Centrii  1431  Hiwnkii:  Pkm  Mr  6IU 

Detroit:  Pkeno  Malison  2141  Pkilriiliku:  PIOM  Clrtll  HIS 


THE 


APRIL  1945 


MOLDED 
Pi. 


V0&& 


are  not  new  in  plastic  molding  ! 


True,  the  concussion  and  deadly  intent  are  lacking.   And  the 
aftermath  is  constructive  rather  than  destructive.  But  the  com- 
pelling forcefulness  of  the  principle  in  lowering  sales  resistance 
bears  a  striking  similarity. 

Plastic  moldings,  to  "move"  at  point-of-sale,  require  commer- 
cial bazookas — eye  attraction,  sleek  finish,  functional  design, 
rugged  construction,  etc.  Each  in  its  own  way,  is  a  prerequisite 
in  tearing  down  sales  resistance,  competition  and  costs. 

Skill  is  the  ammunition — a  quarter  century  of  molding  for  all 
phases  of  industry;  facilities  are  the  weapon — three  plants  for 
efficiently  meeting  requirements  .  .  .  Wayne,  New  Jersey; 
Arlington,  Vermont;  Waterloo,  P.  Q.,  Canada.  The  bull's  eye 
is  the  result  of  close  collaboration  between  all  our  engineers 
and  technicians. 

This  versatile  "bazooka"  can  be  aimed  at  your  post-war  target 
by  addressing  inquiries  to  Mack  Molding  Company,  Inc.,  130 
Main  Street,  Wayne,  New  Jersey. 


MOLDED 
EXCELLENCE 


SIKS    OfflCIS     Nil    (OIK    CUT     INIIIMPOLIS 


Here  is  the  "home"  plant  of 
MACK  MOLDING— located  con- 
veniently in  the  New  York  Metro- 
politan area.  Another  completely 
equipped  plant  which  will  be 
ready  for  your  plastic  molding 
pbnnings  when  the  war  ends. 


CHICUO     DniOlt.     80STON    t    SI     LOUIS 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


SALES  SUCCESS  IN 
HANDBAGS... 


inspiration  for 

radio  grilles  or  grommets, 

buckles  or  buttons 


V 

Jm  Sales  winners  on  a  mass  production  basis  come  from  the 
/     L  cellulosics.  This  Plasticflex  handbag — trade-name  of  its  makers, 
R.  Appel,  New  York — is  typical.  Comprising  200  mar-proof  cellulose 
acetate  "discs",  it  fills  a  long-felt  need  among  women.  Constant 
handling,  perspiration,  cannot  change  its  color.  A  damp  cloth  rapidly 
restores  its  luster.  The  overwhelming  demand  for  these  bags  was 
quickly  met  by  high-speed  injection  molding.  One  operation  puts 
36  "discs"  on  the  assembly  line. 

This  example  suggests  many  other  applications  for  the  cellulosics. 
They  bring  one-shot  molding  economy  and  the  re-use  of  scrap; 
durability,  strength,  and  molded-in  beauty;  and  volume-^roiW  sales 
appeal.  They  can  spell  success  for  you. 


Lightweight 
plus  toughness  for 

radio  grillei 


Wear  resistance,  high  finish, 
for  grommets  and  guides 


Enduring    color,   high   luster, 
for  bucklci  and  burtom 


HERCULES 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
CELLULOSE  NITRATE 
ETHYL  CELLULOSE 


Hercules  does  not  make  plastics  or  molding  powders,  but  supplies  the  high-quality  cellulose  derivatives  from  which  they  are  mode.  For  data,  pleas*  writ* 
Cellulose  Products  Dept.  P.     HEH.CULES       POWDER,     COMPANY    WHmin.ton  99,  Delaware.  C~M 


NCOHPOHATCD 


APRIL  1947) 


I' I.  AST  11  S 


13 


f 

postwar  /><v^£v 


\ 


&£SS£2£*x-~ 

\ 


\ 
\ 

\ 
.J 


Only  / >i'->iir<''.s  seo{,  plug  and 
flange  can  give  drums  the  exclu- 
sive Tri-Sure  triple  protection. 


CLOSURES 


For  safe,  seepage  -  proof  deliv- 
eries under  all  conditions, aluiays 
specify  ''''Tri-Sure fitted  drums." 


AMERICAN    FLANGE   &   MANUFACTURING   CO.  INC.,   30    ROCKEFELLER    PLAZA,  NEW  YORK   20,  N.  Y. 

TRI-SURE  PRODUCTS  LIMITED,  ST.  CATHARINES,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 
14  PLASTICS  APRIL  1945 


PIXSHC   COAFfD   fAl»ICJ 


(1CACHINC 


COATING  AND 
IMPREGNATING 


WINDOW   SMADf  ClOTH 


PLASTIC  COATED  FABRICS  may  play  an 

important  part  in  your  plans  for  the  future 


When  industry  again  turns  to  peace 
time  pursuits  there  will  be  a  heavy  de- 
mand for  many  kinds  of  fabrics  "multi- 
proofed"  with  plastics. 

Vinyl  resin  coatings  are  here  to  stay. 
Called  upon,  after  Pearl  Harbor,  to 
pinch-hit  for  scarce,  conventional  fab- 
ric proofing  materials,  they  have  per- 
formed superbly  under  most  difficult 
conditions.  For  hundreds  of  applica- 
tions they  have  permanently  replaced 
the  protective  materials  for  which  they 
were  substituted. 

Coating  fabrics  with  plastics  is  noth- 
ing new  to  our  organization.  Long 
before  Pearl  Harbor,  it  was  an  accom- 
plished fact.  With  a  background  of 


nearly  half  a  century  of  fabric  coating 
experience  we  were  among  the  first  to 
master  the  difficult  technique  of  ap- 
plying plastic  coatings  to  cottons, 
silks,  rayons,  nylons,  ducks,  burlaps 
and  paper. 

Chances  are  that  somewhere  in  your 
post-war  operations  you  will  use  to 
good  advantage  some  type  of  fabric 
coated  or  impregnated  with  protective 
plastics. 

You,  for  instance,  may  be  a  manu- 
facturer of  items  for  consumer  sale 
such  as  luggage,  furniture,  books,  rain 
wear,  shoes,  shower  curtains,  garment 
bags,  baby  carriages,  mattresses  —  or 
—  you  may  be  a  manufacturer  of 


heavy  goods  such  as  railway  coaches, 
airplanes,  automobiles,  trucks,  re- 
frigerators, etc.  If  yours  is  a  fabric 
problem,  we  believe  we  can  supply 
the  answer. 

Our  research  and  manufacturing  fa- 
cilities are  now  devoted  largely  to  the 
production  of  fabrics  for  our  armed 
forces  and  essential  civilian  uses.  When 
production  can  be  safely  diverted  from 
these  essential  requirements,  our  entire 
facilities  will  again  be  at  your  service. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC   FABRICS  DIVISION 

The  Western  Shad*  Cloth  Company,  22nd  A   Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Plailit    Fabrics    Division:     VINYL  RESIN.   PYROXYLIN   AND  OTHER   PLASTIC  COATINGS   •    PROOFED  FAIRICS  AND   PAPERS    •    SIMULATED  LEATHERS 
Induttrial   Fabrics   Division:     RUIIER  HOLLANDS   •  VARNISHED  SEPARATOR  ClOTH    •  IOOK  CLOTHS   •  AND  OTHER  SPECIALIZED  FAIRICS 
Window   Shad*   Division:     WINDOW   SHADE  CLOTH,  ROLLERS  AND  ACCESSORIES   •   ClOTH  AND  PAPER  WINDOW   SHADES 

JOANNA  TEXTILE  MILLS.  GOIDVIUE,  SOUTH  CAROLINA 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


15 


TtCS 


WITH  the  growing  importance  of  high  frequency 
heating  in  the  plastics  industry,  we  become  con- 
cerned with  the  Federal  Communications  Commission 
proposal  to  allocate  certain  wave  lengths  for  industrial 
purposes.  Tentatively,  the  FCC  has  proposed  three 
channels — 13.66;  27.32  and  40.98  megacycles,  with 
allowances  for  certain  minimum  deviations. 

But,  our  industry  does  not  consider  these  channels 
sufficient  or  the  minimum  deviations  practical,  as  an 
SPI  committee  headed  by  Paul  Zottu  told  the  Com- 
mittee at  one  of  the  open  hearings.  It  pointed  out  that 
no  crystal  controlled  equipment,  such  as  is  required  in 
a  narrow  band  allocation,  has  yet  been  developed  which 
can  handle  the  wide  variations  in  load  that  take  place 
in  a  single  industrial  operation.  What  the  industry 
needed,  the  SPI  committee  declared,  was  a  wide  band, 
preferably  in  the  region  of  27  megacycles. 

In  presenting  its  case,  the  committee  told  of  the  vital 
war  products  the  plastics  industry  is  turning  out  with 
the  aid  of  electronic  heating,  and  it  presented  photo- 
graphic evidence  of  installations  in  molding  plants  and 
of  their  general  layout  to  show  how  difficult  some 
working  conditions  actually  are.  Further,  the  commit- 
tee offered  to  familiarize  FCC's  engineering  staff  with 
the  peculiar  conditions  which  now  exist  in  plastics 
plants.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  and  to  hope 
that  the  Commission  will  accept  this  offer  of  coopera- 
tion and  assign  one  or  more  of  its  engineers  to  make 
a  field  study  of  our  industry  before  a  verdict  is  ren- 
dered. The  fine  record  which  the  FCC  has  compiled 
in  its  many  fair  dealings  with  industry,  leaves  one 

with  nothing  but  optimism  regarding  the  outcome. 
*     *     * 

IN  the  beginning  there  was  cotton  hosiery  and  wool 
hosiery.  Then,  luxury-loving  America  took  to  the 
silk  stocking.  Eventually,  a  new  competitor  appeared 
in  the  form  of  a  synthetic  fibre  which  used  half  a 
dozen  aliases  to  make  itself  sound  like  silk — until  it 
finally  decided  that  "rayon"  was  good  enough.  The 
next  hosiery  material  came  from  the  plastics  industry 
in  the  form  of  the  elusive  nylon,  and  up  to  now  many 
people  have  assumed  that  nylon  was  going  to  carve  out 
a  great  big  portion  of  the  hosiery  field  for  itself  after 
the  war. 

But  wait  a  minute !  Here  may  be  still  another  com- 
petitor. We  don't  know  whether  the  steel  industry 
is  making  faces  at  us,  but  we  have  the  word  of  Walter 
Tower,  president  of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  In- 
stitute, that  several  companies  are  experimenting  with 
stainless  steel  finely  drawn  into  fibres  which  can  be 
woven  into  hosiery.  A  newspaper  wag  has  already 
suggested  that  runs  in  these  stockings  can  be  welded. 


<  >n  the  other  hand  the  steel  industry  may  perhapl 
offer  more  serious  competition  to  another  segment  of  i 
our  industry  with  its  permanently  colored  sheet  steels! 
These  are  intended  for  such  uses  as  automobile  bodies! 
and  their  industrial  threat  is  that  they  will  eliminate 
the  need  for  synthetic  lacquers  as  coating  agents.  We'rJ 
keeping  our  fingers  crossed  on  this  development  thoughlj 
until  we  find  out  more  about  the  permanence  of  thai 
color.  After  all,  color  applied  to  a  surface,  as  it  haaj 
to  be  on  steel,  is  not  at  all  like  the  molded-in  color  of 
plastics  materials.  If  it  does  not  prove  to  be  suh-ll 
stantially  more  durable  than  the  coatings  now  being! 
developed,  which  are  more  tenacious  than  coatings! 
previously  used,  it  may  not  have  much  of  a  future  inlj 

competition. 

*  *     * 

HKRK'S   another  note  en   inter-industry   competi-H 
tion.    The  low  pressure  molders  who  have  beenB 
working  on  refrigerator  panels  and  other  such  largel 
parts  will  be  interested  to  learn  that  the  Aluminum 
Company    of    America    is    planning    to    manufacturel 
kitchen  furniture.   \Yhether  the  line  will  be  confined  tol 
lightweight  chairs,  cupboards  and  the  like  is  not  yetl 
clear,  but  the  molders  had  better  anticipate  a  possible 
invasion  of  their  domain.    Alcoa  makes  a  formidable 

and  worthy  competitor. 

*  *     * 

IN  this  issue  we  are  publishing  the  first  of  a  proposed 
series  of  articles  on  the  fire  hazards  existant  in 
plastics  processing  plants,  and  how  one  should  guard 
against  them.  We  feel  that  such  information  is  of  vital 
importance  to  the  industry  at  this  time,  particularly 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  it  contains  so  many  relatively 
small  plants  which  are  sometimes  apt  to  be  neglect  ful 
of  precautions.  Quite  coincidental!}-,  and  as  we  write 
these  lines,  word  comes  to  us  of  an  explosion  in  the 
New  York  area  at  a  plant  which  works  with  magne- 
sium and  plastics  materials.  In  a  room  where  molten 
magnesium  was  being  processed,  so  that  magnesium 
vapor  was  also  present,  one  or  two  of  the  workmen 
insisted  on  an  occasional  smoke.  (Imagine  that,  at  a 
time  like  this,  with  a  cigarette  shortage.)  As  a  result, 
they  are  now  reposing  on  a  hospital  cot  somewhat  the 
worse  for  wear  and  tear.  Their  company  had  posted 
a  sign  forbidding  smoking,  but  it  was  not  strict  enough 
in  enforcing  this  elementary  precaution.  It  might  be 
a  good  idea  for  management  to  stage  laboratory  dem- 
onstrations of  the  flammability  or  explosive  quality 
of  the  materials  it  uses.  Workmen  who  see  such  dem- 
onstrations are  not  apt  to  forget  that  the  warning 
signs  posted  in  the  plant  mean  what  they  say,  and  that 
it  is  to  their  interest  to  pay  strict  attention  to  them.  END 


16 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


1. 


Cai  Plastic 
ildiig  iipnie 
yiir  pnhct? 


Tur  Plastic  Part 
sfaultf  be  HIM 

•f.  .flat? 


ili  :  Sill  I 

ur  Ml  I 


Kurz-Kasch 


Macerated   cotton  fabric  for  ex 
tra  strength. 


Evenlv  cut  lengths   of  tire   cord 
for    plastics   of   utmost    strength 


FILFLOC 


Pur*   cotton    flock    of   surpassing 
cleanliness    and    uniformity. 


For  MAXIMUM  results,  a  filler  should  vary  not 
only  with  the  type  of  compound,  but  also  with 
the  shape  and  function  of  the  finished  piece. 

And  little  variations  often  cause  a  big  differ- 
ence. We  have  seen  the  impact  strength  of  a 
molded  item  boosted  as  much  as  18%  by  find- 
ing exactly  the  right  cut  of  filler. 

This,  of  course,  requires  the  cooperation  of 
molder,  compound  supplier,  as  well  as  experi- 
ence and  know-how  on  the  part  of  the  filler 
manufacturer.  Rayco  has  this  experience  and 
know-how,  and  an  eager  willingness  to  put  its 
research  facilities  to  work  on  the  problems  of 


finding  for  each  of  your  items  the  filler  that's 
EXACTLY  RIGHT. 

You  use  fillers  to  improve  your  product.  Aim 
for  nothing  less  than  the  MAXIMUM  improve- 
ment! The  assistance  of  Rayco  engineers  is 
"Yours  for  the  asking." 


CONSIDER  PLASTIC  HELMET  LINER  SCRAP 


This  low-cost  molding  compound  of  the  phenol-for- 
maldehyde type  is  quite  widely  applicable,  and 
effects  desirable  economy.  Prompt  shipment  from 
ample  stock.  Request  sample  and  price. 


of  R.I. 
INC. 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO. 

45  TREMONT    ST.,    CENTRAL    FALLS,     RHODE     ISLAND 

4*ttC 


JO* 


OBTAIN  COMPOUNDS  CONTAINING  RAYCO  FILLERS 


FOR  GOOD  FLOW  AND  EXTRA  STRENGTH 


18 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


DUAL     LOAD      SELL 


I  he  new  Airtronics  Model  DE  preheater  gives  you  /wo  sets  of  time 
and  power  controls  in  a  single  preheater  with  a  single  set  of  output 
electrodes.  You  can,  for  example,  adjust  one  set  of  controls  to  handle 
a  15  cubic  inch  preform  of  one  material,  and  the  other  set  for  a  30 
cubic  inch  preform  of  another  material,  and  run  the  two  alternately 
or  in  any  sequence  to  feed  two  or  more  presses  without  further  ad- 
justment. You  just  press  one  button  for  one  type  preform,  and  another 
for  the  second  type.  In  many  applications,  the  powerful  3  KW  Model 
DE  has  the  productive  capacity  of  two  preheaters. 

The  Dual  Load  Selector  is  only  one  of  the  unique  production  en- 
gineered features  of  the  Model  DE.  Other  important  advantages  are 
the  Automatic  Power  Regulator,  which  holds  the  output  power  at 
its  pre-set  level  throughout  the  heating  interval  regardless  of  pre- 
form variations;  and  Automatic  Load  Circuit  Tuning,  which  main- 
tains maximum  preheater  efficiency. 


//  you  need  a  preheater  that  will  keep  several  jobs  running  smoothly 
at  the  same  time . . .  that  has  reserve  power  for  the  tough  jobs . . .  the 
Airtronics  Model  DE  will  answer  your  needs.  Write  today  for  the 
new  4-page  catalog  describing  its  unique  flow-production  features. 
Specify  your  preheating  problems  for  our  analysis  and  recommenda- 
tions. There  is  no  obligation.  Write  Dept.  P. 


*AM«*CTU«.HG  CO. 


CHICAGO 

121  W.  Wock.r  Drive 
Zone  1 


NEW  YORK 

31-28  Qveent  Bl.d 
Long  l.land  City,  Zon.  I 


LOS  ANGELES 

3245  W.  San  F.rnondo  I 
Zen*  26 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


19 


! 


WHITMIP.       YOU 


F0*    ELCCTIICAL  APPLIANCES 


OFPICI   MACHINE  J  OK  INDUSTRIAL  tOUIPMCKT 


\ 


TOOl*  //  MDIO8 


CASH  POh^^CUCKS  ggtcAMflUS  6»i  JIWCLHV 

IATDIUMM  mrunes  •^u  MI  CICAL  MCEss«uf<>5o 


You  $ee  above  some  typical  post-war  product  parts- 
samples  of  plastic  moldings— one  in  Saran— two  with 
metal  inserts  in  Styrene— others  in  different  materials— 
for  forward-looking  Amos  customers.  The  molds  have 
been  Amos-engineered  and  built— ready  for  fast  produc- 
tion, when  materials  are  available. 

Amos  facilities  are  being  greatly  expanded  for  doing 
plastic  molding  jobs— and  doing  them  right— the  way 
customers  want  them.  A  new  plant  is  about  to  be  com- 
pleted and  equipped  for  compression  as  well  as  injection 
molding.  Then,  Amos  can  take  care  of  more  customers 
who  want  their  post-war  plastic  molding  jobs  done  right, 
from  engineering  to  finishing. 

Now's  the  time  to  get  your  jobs  ready  to  go.  Just  send 
us  your  drawings  or  write  us  what  you  have  in  mind  to 
be  molded  in  plastics. 

AMOS  MOLDED  PLASTICS    •   EDINBURGH,  INDIANA 

Division  of  Amoi*Thompson  Corporation 


INJECTION  « 


CO 


20 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


That  prefabricated  housing  is  not  confined  to  the  low-price  brackets  is  Illustrated  by  this  Gunnison  Deluxe  Sire  No.  S 
dwelling.  Plastics  play  a  part  In  homes  like  this  an  plywood  bonding  resins,  and  as  impregnated  wood  laminates  contain- 
ing sealed-in  rock  wool  .bat  The  latter  are  used  as  floors,  outer  walls,  partitions  and  ceilings,  giving  4-way  insulation 

The  Use  of  Plastics  in  Factory-Built  Homes  Promises  to 

Improve  Their  Appearance,  Durability  and  Sales  Appeal 


ami  can  aiil   Mil>-taiitially  in  post-war  employment."     Sip 
nificant  of  llic  possibilities  of  this  prospect  is  the  recent  re 
lease,  by  the  National  Bureau  of  Standards,  of  a  set  of  new- 
standards   fnr   this  type  of  construction,  developed   in  co- 
operation with  the  Prefabricated  Home  Manufacturers'  In 
stitute. 

Recent  surveys  indicate  that  from  1,300,000  to  !,/"(• 
homes  will  be  needed  annually  for  ten  years  after  the  war. 
It  is  estimated  that  67%  of  these  homes  will  be  in  rTVTbirtS 
price  bracket,  and  this  is  the  natural  market  for  prefabri- 
cated  homes.  According  to  these  figures,  750,000  houses, 
a  conservative  estimate,  will  be  prefabricated  each  year  dur- 
ing the  ten-year  period. 

A  breakdown  of  the  dollar  values  of  materials  needed  for 


•"P  E  war  has  spurred  a  demand  for  prefabricated  houses 
X  that  is  expected  to  continue  well  into  the  post-war  pe- 
riod. This  will  have  an  inevitable  effect  in  the  plastics  in- 
dustry. The  tremendous  need  for  new  homes,  as  shown  by 
the  National  Resources  Planning  Board  and  other  govern- 
ment agencies,  presents  a  problem  that  requires  mass  pro- 
duction methods  for  its  solution,  with  attractive  and  durable 
dwellings  rolling  like  automobiles  off  assembly  lines.  Armed 
with  unprecedented  purchasing  power  owing  to  restricted 
wartime  buying,  the  American  people  want  good  homes  at 
reasonable  prices,  in  far  greater  numbers  than  ever  before. 
That  is  why,  in  the  words  of  Benjamin  F.  Fairless,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation,  "prefabricated 
homes  should  become  one  of  the  world's  greatest  industries 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTtCS 


21 


Water-resistant  plastics  coating  makes  corrugated  paper 
a  low-cost,  permanent  lorm  for  the  pouring  of  concrete 


The  corrugated  paper  used  in  Dur-I-Cell  structure  below 


the  construction  of  a  typical  24'  by  28'  prefabricated  house,  | 
as  published  recently  in  Prefabricated  Homes,  shows  that 
this  represents  an  annual  cost  of  materials  and  equipment  of  E 
$1,079,453,500,  the  unit  cost  for  each  house  being  $1,449.59.  I 

The  role  of  plastics  in  this  development  promises  to  be  a  \ 
stellar  one.  The  application  of  plastics  to  "packaged"  homes  . 
is  limited  today  by  their  scarcity  as  a  critical  war  material. 
At  present,  their  use  in  this  regard  is  as  a  substitute  for  rub- 
ber in  electrical  equipment ;  for  brass  and  copper  in  plumb- 
ing  and,  most  important  of  all,  as  a  bonding  agent  in  the 
fabrication  of  plywood. 

The  part  predicted  for  plastics  in  "packaged-home"  con- 
struction in  the  post-war,  ten  year  period  is  indicated  by  the 
following  items  included  in  the  breakdown  of  the  afore-  | 
mentioned  figures :  For  each  year  the  total  cost  of  moldings  I 
and  trim  expected  to  be  used  will  be  $30,525,000;  of  doors, 
$22,275,000 ;  of  plywood  or  wallboards,  $223,847,500 ;  of 
glues,  $19,185,000 — and  practically  all  of  these  items  require 
the  use  of  synthetic  resins. 

Contrary  to  popular  opinion  prefabricated  homes  are  not 
restricted  to  low-price  brackets.  While  many  are  in  the 
$3,000  group,  mass-produced  dwellings  up  to  $8,500  will  be 
widely  available  in  more  attractive  styles,  with  terms  of 
payment  suited  for  consumers  with  incomes  of  $40  to  $45 
per  week.  Homes  with  prefabricated  structures  costing  more 
than  $20,000  were  made  even  before  the  war.  The  differ- 
ence is  in  the  more  expensive  wall  or  roof  facings,  interior 
finish,  kitchen  equipment,  fireplaces  and  heating  system,  the 
shell  of  the  house  being  the  same  as  that  of  cheaper,  mass- 
produced  dwellings. 

This  fact  has  an  important  bearing  on  the  post-war  role 
of  plastics  in  housing.  It  means  a  tremendous  potential 
market  for  "packaged"  homes  since  they  can  be  tailored  to 
almost  any  taste,  style,  and  income  bracket.  Moreover,  it 
means  an  expanding  post-war  demand  for  a  wide  assortment 
of  plastics  products  to  finish,  equip  and  furnish  the  prefab- 
ricated home — from  the  lowest-priced  to  the  most  expensive 
kinds  of  refrigerators,  wall  panels  and  furniture. 

Types  of  Plastics  Applications 

There  are  two  types  of  construction  in  prefabricated  hous- 
ing, and  both  involve  plastics:  (1)  The  resin-bonded  type 
of  solid  walls,  floors  and  roof  panels;  and  (2)  the  new  "cel- 
lular" type  in  which  impregnated  paper  is  used  as  a  core  fo 
hollow  floors  and  walls. 

It  is  the  first  type  that  is  referred  to  in  so-called  "ply- 
wood" mass-production  housing.  In  a  typical  production 
process,  hardwood  veneers  are  piled  on  top  of  each  other 
with  a  sheet  of  thermosetting  phenolic  resin  between  each 
veneer.  The  grains  of  the  veneers  are  at  right  angles  to 
each  other  and  this  crossing  of  the  grain  minimizes  warping 
and  twisting.  Under  huge  hotplate  presses,  the  resin  ef- 
fects a  surface  penetration  of  the  veneers  and  bonds  them 
securely.  The  final  product,  a  laminated  sheet,  is  water- 
proof, extremely  strong,  and  unaffected  by  acids,  corrosion, 
and  mold-producing  bacteria. 

Bonding  agents  are  really  misnamed;  they  should  be 
called  "transforming  agents."  Laminated  wood  veneers 
that  have  been  bonded  or  impregnated  with  phenol-formal- 
dehyde resin  glue  will  not  warp,  are  resistant  to  extreme 
temperatures  and  offer  greater  strength-weight  ratios.  Fur- 
thermore, the  development  of  new  phenol  and  urea  resin 
glues  in  the  aircraft  and  shipbuilding  industries,  under  the 
pressure  of  war  requirements,  means  better  bonding  agents 
and  therefore  better  prefabricated  houses  after  the  war. 

The  ideal  resin  would  perform  the  following  three  func- 
tions, simultaneously :  ( 1 )  It  would  act  as  a  satisfactory 


Combined  weight  of  1154  Ib  makes  no  impression  on  the 
resin-coated  corrugated  paper  cells  which  comprise  the 
Dur-I-Cell  construction  developed  by  Maurice  Deutsch 


22 


APRIL  1945 


Maximum  livability  has  been  designed  into  prefabricated  plastics-plywood  homes  by  Plywood  Structures, 
Inc..   as   exemplified   by   this   type,    1000   of   which    are   included   in   a   North   Vallejo,    Calif.,   project 


bonding  agent,  gluing  together  the  laminated  veneers;  (2) 
it  would  impregnate  the  veneers,  thus  converting  them  into 
a  new  and  more  durable  substance  and  (3)  it  would  pene- 
trate to  the  surface,  giving  it  a  smooth,  resistant  exterior  so 
that  no  further  finishing  operation  would  be  needed. 

While  no  resin  entirely  achieves  this  threefold  goal,  the 
first  two  conditions  can  be  largely  met  in  practice.  It  is  an 
exaggeration  to  claim,  as  is  sometimes  done,  that  the  resin 
is  distributed  so  evenly  through  the  cellular  structure  of  the 
wood  in  the  hotplate  hydraulic  press  that  glue  lines  are  to- 
tally eliminated.  What  is  true,  however,  is  that  the  pene- 
tration is  deep  enough  to  justify  claims  of  satisfactory  bond- 
ing and  superiority  over  ordinary  plywood.  The  resultant 
product  has  greater  tensile  strength,  is  warp-proof,  water- 
repellent,  twist-proof,  vermin-proof,  insect-proof  and  fire- 
resistant.  It  is  particularly  good  for  flooring,  as  it  provides 
a  permanent  wax  finish,  durable  color,  and  hard-wearing 
surface. 

Another  development  in  plywood  manufacture,  by  E.  I.  du 
Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.,  is  the  impregnation  of  wood  by 
resin-forming  methylolurea  (see  July  issue  of  PLASTICS). 
By  the  compression  of  treated  veneers  under  heated,  pol- 
ished platens,  highly  polished,  finished  surfaces  are  pro- 
duced directly.  These  veneers,  it  is  claimed,  become  self- 
bonding  under  heat  and  pressure  and  require  no  other  bond- 
ing agent;  also,  the  compressive  strength  of  the  treated 
wood  is  said  to  be  so  great  that  it  can  be  substituted  for 
steel  parts  in  textile  machinery.  The  wood  can  be  highly 
polished  and  dyed  by  built-in  coloring  material  and  is  adapt- 
able for  fabricated  flooring  because  of  its  resistance  to 
warping  and  splitting.  Equipment  for  industrial  utilization 
of  this  process  has  already  been  installed  in  a  number  of 
plants. 

Lightweight  floors,  consisting  of  a  structural  hollow-core 
network  between  two  layers  of  plywood,  are  made  possible 
by  plywood  tubes.  These,  made  on  wooden  molds  or  man- 


drels, are  cured  under  fluid  pressure.  They  are  also  used 
for  structural  columns.  One  of  their  first  applications  was 
in  the  manufacture  of  powerful  75-ft  radio  masts  for  the 
Signal  Corps.  Weighing  only  250  Ib,  they  take  the  place 
of  1900-lb  metal  masts. 

In  the  post-war  prefabricated  home,  arches  and  beams 
will  probably  be  of  laminated  wood,  which  is  less  expensive 
and  lighter  than  metal  and  in  some  cases  more  durable. 
Laminated  materials  impregnated  with  phenolic  or  urea 
resins  under  heat  and  pressure  of  2000  psi  can  be  bonded 
into  tough  sheets  that  serve  admirably  for  paneling,  par- 
titions, wainscoting,  shelving,  ceilings,  baseboards,  columns, 
door  surfaces  and  wall  covering.  With  rigid  vinyl  chloride- 
acetate  sheeting,  color  and  durability  of  varying  kinds  and 
degrees  can  be  achieved  and  the  surfaces  can  be  made  trans- 
lucent, opaque,  or  marble-like,  as  desired. 

Interior  Surfacing 

Interior  walls  may  be  paneled  in  the  richest  grains  of  fine, 
rare  hardwoods,  with  variations  for  the  different  rooms. 
Thus,  walnut  may  be  used  in  the  living  room,  light  mahog- 
any in  the  bedroom  and  white  surfaces  in  the  kitchen  and 
bathroom.  The  floors,  made  of  panels,  may  be  of  quartered 
white  oak  and  have  built-in  heating  ducts.  The  superiority 
of  plastics  surfaces  is  shown  again  by  the  fact  that  the 
paneled  walls  cannot  be  permanently  stained  by  dirt  or  fin- 
ger prints,  are  entirely  waterproof,  and  cannot  warp.  A 
financial  advantage  is  that  they  never  need  repainting  and 
redecorating. 

Gunnison  Housing  Corp.  panels  contain  chemically 
treated  rock  wool  bat  sealed  inside  and  are  used  for  floors, 
exterior  walls,  partitions  and  ceilings.  This  insures  "four- 
way"  insulation  for  the  completed  home,  which  is  adapted 
for  moderate  incomes.  In  the  finishing  process,  waterproof 
resin  lacquers  are  applied  to  all  interior  surfaces,  while  the 


APRIL  194,-) 


PLASTiCS 


23 


Thin  sheets  of  metal  around  a  plastics-impregnated 
paper  cell  core  form  a  low-cost  unit  for  quick,  emer- 
gency housing.  The  metal  may  be  sprayed  with  a 
plastics-based  paint  in  order  to  prevent  corrosion 


exteriors  of  the  wall  panels  receive  a  coat  of  resin  sealer 
and  then  a  coat  of  whiting. 

Each  panel  is  virtually  a  box-girder,  the  "stress-covered" 
engineering  principle,  developed  in  aviation,  being  applied 
in  its  construction.  Superior  strength  results,  for  when 
stresses  are  applied  to  the  panel,  one  side  is  in  compression 
while  the  other  side  is  in  tension.  Thus,  it  is  claimed  that 
a  completed  Gunnison  home  will  withstand  a  windload  of 
200  mph,  compared  to  the  limit  of  70  mph  for  conventional 
houses.  Similarly,  the  plastics  wood  flooring  can  tolerate 


Another  use  for  plastics-coated  corrugated  paper  is 
as  a  bonding  contact  with  self-hardening  materials, 
such  as  plaster,  which  adhere  tenaciously  to  We 
surface.  Exterior  surfacing  may  be  similarly  applied 


loads  in  excess  of  650  psf,  compared  to  the  limit  of  50  Ibs 
in  ordinary  dwellings. 

In  recent  years,  new  processes  in  molding  have  been  de- 
veloped, which  reduce  time,  require  lower  temperatures  and 
pressures  and  enable  molding  of  large  panels  in  one  piece. 
While  .these  developments  took  place  mostly  in  the  fields  of 
aircraft  and  small  naval  craft  production,  they  have  impor- 
tant applications  in  prefabricated  home  construction.  One 
example  is  low-pressure  laminating.  It  creates  laminated 
products  in  a  few  seconds  of  time  and  uses  pressures  of  only 
0.25  psi  and  temperatures  as  low  as  70°  F.  For  flat  panels, 
pressure  up  to  250  psi  is  applied.  To  prevent  denting  on  the 
surface,  an  extra  layer  of  impact-resisting  wood  is  intro- 
duced. 

On  the  other  hand,  plywood  panels  of  extremely  large  size 
can  be  molded  in  one  piece  now,  thanks  to  the  Thaden  proc- 
ess which  makes  use  of  the  air  in  a  thin,  flexible  rubber 
bag,  kept  from  expanding  by  a  die.  The  press  is  made  ex- 
tensible to  any  length  required,  and  a  special  method  of 
spraying  on  the  liquid  resin-bonding  agent  is  used.  This 
overcomes  the  limitations  of  the  spreading  machine  and  the 
application  of  glue  in  resin  film  form.  Laminates  of  almost 
every  conceivable  shape  can  be  molded  by  this  process.  It 
enables  the  manufacturing  of  packaged  houses  to  be  speeded 
up  with  minimum  manpower. 

For  complicated  curved  pieces,  the  autoclave  method  is 
used.  The  laminated  plywood  is  placed  on  the  complex 
mold  surrounded  by  a  rubber  bag.  This  is  put  in  the  auto- 
clave and  the  rubber  bag  is  evacuated,  causing  a  partial 
vacuum.  Steam  is  turned  on  and  the  resultant  heat  exerts 
pressure  on  the  resin  which  hardens  on  the  form  of  the  mold. 

"Heatronic"  molding  is  a  further  development:  It  makes 
presses  available  for  larger  moldings  with  the  usual  plastics 
materials.  In  this  process,  the  resin  and  plywood  are  heated 
by  electrostatic  currents  instead  of  the  regular  steam-pres- 
sure plates.  The  charge  is  warmed  uniformly,  so  that  a 
complete  molding  of  a  large  piece  can  be  performed  in  a 
single  operation.  This  method,  applied  to  prefabricated 
housing  after  the  war,  will  speed  up  construction  of  units 
and  cut  labor  costs.  While  more  expensive,  it  molds  pieces 
that  cannot  conveniently  be  handled  by  other  processes 
owing  to  the  thickness  of  the  sections  (W  and  more).  The 
heating  unit  measures  about  4'  by  6'. 

Transfer  and  jet  molding  make  possible  the  rapid  molding 
of  thin  sections  of  intricate  parts,  with  a  minimum  of  re- 
jects, each  part  having  full  strength  and  uniform  quality. 

The  "Dur-/-Cell"  System 

The  second  type  of  prefabricated  house  construction, 
called  the  Dur-I-Cell  System,  makes  use  of  an  impregnated 
paper  core  in  place  of  plywood  and  represents  a  departure 
in  the  field.  It  was  developed  in  the  research  laboratories 
of  Maurice  Deutsch,  consulting  engineer,  of  New  York 
City.  The  cores  make  up  the  permanent  skeleton ;  they  are 
said  to  be  durable,  waterproof  and  fireproof.  Made  with  cor- 
rugated or  solid  fibre  board,  they  are  covered  with  plastics, 
plastics  wood,  plywood,  cement  or  other  self-hardening  ma- 
terial or  sheet  metal.  The  construction  employs  the  box- 
girder  principle  of  engineering,  with  resultant  hollow  floors, 
walls  or  roof  units  either  fixed  or  demountable. 

Mr.  Deutsch  visualizes  entire  communities  of  these  dwell- 
ings at  no  greater  cost  than  less  attractive  and  non- fireproof 
houses.  He  claims  that  maintenance  and  fuel  costs  will  be 
less,  stresses  their  fireproof  quality,  and  states  that  they  are 
also  warp-proof,  waterproof,  termite-  and  insect-proof.  Tht 
strength  of  the  Dur-I-Cell  paper  cores  was  shown  by  their 
use  in  the  six  coffer-dams  of  the  Edison  Memorial  Bridge 
foundations  where,  according  to  the  chief  engineer,  they 
proved  satisfactory  from  both  a  structural  and  an  economic 
viewpoint. 

The  advance  of  impregnated  paper  and  its  application  in 
(Continued  on  page  117) 


24 


APRIL  1945 


AVIATION  blueprints  are  stored  in  tubes  of  transparent  Tenite. 
•*"•  The  plastic  containers  keep  prints  dust -free,  prevent  their  be- 
coming frayed  and  torn,  and  provide  compact  and  orderly  storage. 
Bint-prints  are  clearly  visible  through  the  transparent  Tenite. 

To  produce  these  storage  tubes,  Tenite  tubing  of  several 
diameters  is  continuously  extruded,  cut  to  the  desired  length,  and 
sealed  at  one  end  with  a  disc  of  the  same  material.  The  other  end 
is  plugged  with  a  wooden  stopper  and  labeled  for  identification. 
Properties  of  extreme  toughness,  transparency,  dimensional 
stability,  ease  of  molding  and  extruding  make  Tenite  an  ideal 
material  lor  protective  coverings.  These  blueprint  storage  tubes 
pie.vige  the  use  of  Tenite  tubing  for  other  containers  of  this  type— 
lor  example,  eases  for  fishing  rods  and  fly  rods,  tripod  cases,  map 
eases  for  yachts.  Further  information  about  Tenite  may  be  obtained 
from  the  TENNESSEE  EASTMAN  CORPORATION  (Subsidiary 
of  Eastman  Kodak  Company),  KINGSPORT,  TENNESSEE. 


Plans  for  planes 
stored  in 

Tenite  tubing 


Storuxr  tulx--  intruded  by  Kxtruiled  I'la-li.  *.  !i 
for  Curliss  WrlKlit  Corp. 


333 


L! 


l/e 


erjen 

Industrial  Designer  and  Lighting  Cons. 


Offering  a  Responsive  Medium  for  Varied  Decorative 
Effects,  Plastics  Have  Re-Vitalized  Lighting  Design 


THE  importance  of  good  lighting,  properly  diffused,  is 
steadily  receiving  more  recognition  and  emphasis,  and 
presents  a  field  that  is  replete  with  possibilities  for  the  use 
of  plastics.  Industrial  designers  in  this  field  have  been 
busy  with  postwar  designs  and  plans,  with  an  eye  to  future 
demand  for  lighting  design  to  fit  the  streamlined  tempo  of 
tomorrow's  living. 

The  expanded  demands  for  electric  power  during  the  war 
have  made  it  necessary  to  improve  lighting  efficiency  in  or- 
der to  conserve  fuel.  Hand  in  hand  with  the  improvements 
in  engineering  will  go  improvements  in  design,  especially 
in  the  design  of  lighting  for  homes  and  other  non-industrial 
buildings.  Much  of  the  plant  capacity  which  was  formerly 
devoted  to  lighting  fixtures  is  now  employed  on  military 
orders.  When  these  companies  return  to  civilian  produc- 
tion, and  the  materials  are  again  available,  new  types  of 
lighting  appliances  may  be  expected.  The  first  post-war 
models  of  automobiles  and  refrigerators  may  be  along  pre- 
war lines,  but  in  the  lighting  industry,  where  little  retooling 
is  necessary,  there  should  be  abundant  novelty. 

Plastics  are  of  interest  to  the  lighting  designer  for  many 
reasons.  They  are  available  in  all  thicknesses  and  in  all 
colors.  They  may  be  opaque,  translucent,  or  crystal  clear. 
They  can  be  given  a  shiny  or  a  matte  finish.  They  are  not 


The  uniformity  and  easy  maintenance  ot  urea  formaldehyde  are 
utilized  In  these  two  smartly-designed  lighting  reflector  bowls. 
Left,  the  author's  bowl  design  for  300.  500  w.  silvered  lamps 


"Beetle"  urea  formaldehyde  contributes  light  weight,  shat- 
ter-resistance and  good  diffusion  to  these  attractive  fixtures, 
achieving  new  high  In  lighting  utility,  safety  and  efficiency 


"Plaskon's"  shatter-resistance  increases 
safety  and  cuts  replacements  costs,  suit- 
ing it  ideally  for  utility  applications 


r 


: 


Want  to  make  a  hit  with  the  little  lady  in  the 
apron?  Then  give  her  kitchen-ware  of  plastics 
.  .  .  like  these  products  molded  by  us  for  Devine 
Foods,  Inc.,  Chicago. 

No  wonder  the  lady  is  all  smiles!  Those  handy 
mixing  bowls  can  be  jostled  into  crowded  re- 
frigerators without  breaking  or  chipping.  Their 
super-smooth  surface  cleans  easily,  won't  tarnish, 
and  will  not  impart  a  foreign  taste  to  foods.  The 
bowls  nest  handily  inside  one  another  .  .  .  with 
the  covers  on.  And  they  will  even  stand  oven 
temperatures  required  for  baking  custards. 

The  two  trays  are  designed  especially  for  cafe- 
teria use.  Food  is  served  directly  into  the  com- 


partmented  tray  to  save  the  bother  and  expense 
of  dishes.  At  present  the  entire  production  of 
this  plastic  kitchen-ware  is  being  taken  by  the 
armed  forces  .  .  .  principally  for  use  in  hospitals. 
After  Victory,  however,  it  will  find  a  ready  and 
eager  civilian  demand. 

The  commercial  success  of  this  plastic  kitchen- 
ware  depends  largely  on  molding  to  exact  stand- 
ards ...  an  assignment  which  Devine  Foods, 
Inc.,  entrusted  entirely  to  us.  We'll  be  glad  to 
assist  your  engineers  in  developing  similarly  MK 
cessful  products  ...  or  will  submit  quotations 
based  on  your  present  specifications.  MOLDED 
PRODUCTS  COMPANY,  4533  W.  Harrison  St., 
Chicago  (*4)  III. 


AI'RIL  1945 


I        V       I        S       I       O       N 


MOLDEDCC  S  PRODUCTS 


I'LASTICS 


The  ceiling  panels,  which  provide  an  uninterrupted  stream  of  light  in  this  room,  are  anchored  at  intervals  by  acrylic 
dowels.     One   feature   of   the   attractive   fluorescent    fixture,   which   holds   four   40-w   tubes,   is   the   plastics   shield 


as  heat-resistant  as  glass,  but  they  are  not  as  fragile,  either, 
and  they  have  been  found  to  be  a  responsive  medium  for 
the  achievement  of  a  wide  variety  of  decorative  effects. 

In  front  of  one  of  the  exhibits  at  the  New  York  World's 
Fair  stood  pylons,  80  or  90  ft.  high,  made  of  translucent 
urea  formaldehyde  laminate.  When  the  pylons  were  lighted 
up  from  the  inside  they  were  bathed  in  a  soft  glow.  The 
laminate  diffused  the  light,  so  that  the  spectator  would  not 
see  its  source. 

For  this  application,  plastics  had  to  be  the  material  of 
construction.  Glass,  the  only  other  translucent  construc- 
tion material,  would  not  have  had  the  required  toughness 
and  resilience.  Paraphrasing  the  old  adage,  people  who 
throw  stones  should  live  in  plastics-windowed  houses. 

If  a  plastics  or  other  transparent  material  has  a  high  in- 
dex of  refraction,  it  will  bend  light  around  curves.  Several 
transparent  plastics  do  have  a  sufficiently  high  index  of  re- 
fraction for  this  purpose. 

For  example,  acrylic  has  found  its  way  to  the  modern 
operating  table,  solving  what  was  formerly  a  problem  of 
providing  intense  illumination  in  the  surgeon's  working 
area.  Because  of  its  heat,  an  incandescent  bulb  could  not 
be  held  too  close.  Now  the  clamps,  probers  and  similar 
devices  are  fashioned  of  plastics.  The  light  source  may  be 
several  feet  away ;  the  light  is  piped  to  the  cool  end  of  the 
plastics  holding  tool,  which  thus  serves  a  double  purpose. 

A  pleasing  effect  can  be  obtained  by  combining  acrylic 
and  translucent  urea-formaldehyde.  In  a  cove-lighting  in- 
stallation at  the  offices  of  Salant  and  Salant,  in  New  York, 


This  Kulka  turn-type  flu- 
orescent socket,  molded 
of  "Beetle,"  assures  sat- 
isfactory mechanical  and 
electrical  operation  by 
virtue  of  secure  spring- 
hinge  fastening,  resis- 
tance to  vibration,  di- 
mensional stability,  light 
weight  and  electrical  in- 
sulating characteristics 


28 


rods  of  crystal-clear  acrylic  are  spaced  by  sheets  of  urea 
laminate.  When  illuminated  from  behind,  the  urea  glows 
warmly  while  the  acrylic  sparkles  brilliantly. 

Cellulose  acetate,  in  the  form  of  transparent  sheets,  has 
been  employed  successfully  in  fluorescent  lighting  fixtures 
designed  so  that  the  heat  build-up  is  not  too  great. 

For  decorative  effect,  plastics  have  made  important  con- 
tributions to  lighting  design.  From  an  engineering  view- 
point, however,  plastics  have  not  always  been  completely 
satisfactory  in  this  connection. 

Urea-formaldehyde  is  not  so  efficient  a  transmitter  of 
light  as  flashed-opal  glass.  The  plastics  absorbs  from  25% 
to  50%  more  light  than  the  diffusing  glass.  (The  light 
which  is  radiated  by  a  light  source  is  either  reflected,  ab- 
sorbed, or  transmitted  by  the  diffusing  medium.  It  is  only 
the  transmitted  light  that  is  useful;  the  absorbed  light  is 
wasted.) 

Under  the  influence  of  heat,  urea-formaldehyde  seems  to 
undergo  a  chemical  reaction  which  decreases  the  propor- 
tion of  light  transmitted  and  increases  the  proportion  re- 
flected. Tfiis,  again,  means  a  net  loss  in  efficiency. 

Finally,  luminous  bowls  of  urea,  although  low  in  initial 
cost,  do  have  a  tendency  to  crack  radially  when  subjected 
to  the  heat  of  an  incandescent  lamp  for  long  periods. 

The  big  drawback  to  thermoplastics,  of  course,  is  their 
poor  resistance  to  heat.  The  lighting  fixture  must  be  de- 
signed so  that  any  thermoplastic  parts  are  well-ventilated 
and  not  too  close  to  the  light  source.  It  must  also  be  re- 
membered that  the  thermoplastic  may  creep  and  become 
deformed  if  it  is  subjected  to  an  appreciable  load  at  elevated 
temperatures. 

There  seems  to  be  a  widespread  belief  that  fluorescent 
lighting  is  "cool"  lighting.  To  be  sure,  there  is  a  slight 
improvement  over  incandescent  lighting;  but  heat  is  still 
a  problem. 

In  an  incandescent  bulb,  about  7%  of  the  energy  supplied 
by  the  electric  current  is  changed  to  useful  light  radiation. 
The  other  93%  is  converted  to  invisible,  hot  infra-red  rays. 
Thus  the  lighting  efficiency  is  only  7%. 

The  lighting  efficiency  of  a  hot-cathode  fluorescent  lamp 

is  12  to  15%,  the  balance  of  the  power  going  into  infra-red 

heat  rays.    One  might  conclude  from  these  figures  that  the 

fluorescent  lamp  is  twice  as  good  as  the  incandescent  bulb. 

(Continued  on  page  109) 


PLASTiCS 


APRIL  1945 


They  said  it  couldn't  be  done  —  but  the  Kuhn 
&  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Company  of  Trenton, 
New  Jersey  did  it  ...  with  Megatherm! 

All  previous  attempts  to  compression-mold  this 
heater-coupling  with  ordinary  methods  of  pre- 
form heating,  had  resulted  in  rejection  ratios  as 
hi.^li  as  99  to  1.  Because  of  its  large  size,  irregular 
shape,  and  variable  thickness,  it  posed  a  difficult 
production  problem. 

But  the  high-speed  uniform  heating  of  the 
rag-filled  resin-bonded  preform  with 
Megatherm  electronic  heat  resulted  in 


flawless  finished  couplings  with  a  unooth  surface 
and  minimum  flash  that  passed  rigid  inspection 
tests  100%. 

Here  is  another  proof  that  Megatherm  can  do 
the  job  better  .  .  .  not  only  in  production 
problems  involving  large  parts,  irregular  shapes, 
and  variable  thicknesses,  but  in  run-of-the-mi" 
operations. 

And  as  a  result,  more  and  more  plastic  pro- 
cessors are  installing  Megatherm  .  .  .  tin- 
modern  tool  for  modern  industry.  Get  the 
story  on  Megatherm  now. 


*ederal  Telephone  and  Radio^brporatfa 


L   -   r.i 


INDUSTRIAL 


TRONICS 


SION 


Newark  1,  N.  J. 


APRIL  194.-) 


PL  AST  H'S 


29 


In  producing  a  pattern  on 
cellulose  nitrate  buttons 
with  a  hubbing  machine, 
the  indexed  head  insures 
accurate  spacing  of  cuts 


Not  Nearly  as  Flammable  as  Is 
Commonly  Thought,  This  Material 
Provides  Ideal  Machining  Stock 


MACHINING  CELLULOSE 


NITRATE 


e 


, 


DESPITE  the  outstanding  progress  being  made  in 
developing  new  plastics  materials,  cellulose  nitrate 
still  remains  one  of  the  best  materials  to  design  for  and 
to  work  with.  From  the  fabricator's  standpoint  it  is  in 
many  respects  an  ideal  plastics  to  machine.  It  is  clean; 
its  shavings  are  smooth;  it  creates  no  flying  dust,  since 
particles  are  heavy  enough  to  settle  at  once;  it  throws  off 
no  fumes  that  require  special  precautions;  and  it  requires 
no  blower  systems. 

The  bugbear  in  handling  cellulose  nitrate  is  that  it  is 
commonly  thought  of  as  highly  flammable.  The  fact  is 
that  not  less  than  600°  F  is  needed  for  ignition  of  this  sub- 
stance. This  was  demonstrated  in  a  test  performed  last 
July  at  the  instance  of  the  National  Retail  Dry  Goods 
Association.  A  lighted  cigarette  was  put  to  a  sheet  of 
cellulose  nitrate  J4"  thick.  The  fire  ate  through,  making 
a  hole,  as  it  would  with  many  materials  other  than  this  one, 
but  there  was  no  ignition  beyond  the  immediate  point  of 
the  hole.  Brushed  rayon,  because  of  its  thinness,  is  far  more 
inflammable  than  cellulose  nitrate  and  yet  it  is  worn  by 
the  millions  of  yards. 

As  far  as  the  fabricator  of  cellulose  nitrate  is  concerned, 
flammability  is  no  problem  at  all — if  a  few  minor  precau- 
tions are  taken.  First,  avoid  over-rapid  feed  in  those 
operations  where  either  the  material  or  the  tool  is  in  revolu- 
tion. Second,  dispense  with  abrasives  in  cutting  and  in 


the  removal  of  material  from  its  surfaces.  Third,  keep 
flame  away  from  volatile  solvents.  Aside  from  a  few  spe- 
cific precautions  of  this  kind,  which  are  as  normal  for  this 
material  as  other  precautions  are  normal  for  other  plastics, 
cellulose  nitrate  is  amenable  to  most  machine  operations 
used  in  plastics  fabrication. 

Circular  Sawing 

A  circular  saw  blade  of  any  usual  diameter  may  be  used 
on  cellulose  nitrates,  provided  that  the  exposed  teeth  come 
up  only  slightly  above  the  work.  There  is  an  advantage, 
however,  in  smaller  diameter  saws,  in  that  there  is  much 
less  likelihood  of  transmission  of  vibration  to  the  perimeter 
of  the  blade.  An  8"  diameter  blade  is  a  good  mean  for  gen- 
eral work.  It  should  be  made  of  high-speed  steel  and 
should  range  from  .040"  to  .065"  in  thickness.  Also,  it 
should  be  hollow-ground  and  have  a  pronounced  set.  A 
tooth  distribution  of  8  to  the  inch  will  do  for  most  work. 
Although  operating  speed  will  vary  with  the  diameter  of 
the  blade  and  with  the  thickness  of  the  material,  3500  rpm 
may  be  set  as  a  standard  based  on  the  8"  blade  here  de- 
scribed. Speed  variations  may  be  gaged  from  this  base. 
The  fact  is,  though,  that  there  need  be  little  variation  from 
this  standard  if  feed  is  accommodated  to  the  thickness  of 
the  material  operated  upon  at  this  maintained  speed.  Feed 
should  not  be  forced,  regardless  of  work  thickness. 


30 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


The  use  of  the  split  chuck  makes  hand-chucking 
possible  on  small,  lathe-type  machinery.  Here,  since 
the  chuck  is  revolving,  its  segments  are  not  visible 


A  fine  stream  of  water  should  play  upon  the  point  of 
operation  at  all  times.  The  saw  must  be  kept  keen — a  con- 
dition which  can  be  properly  met  by  sharpening  the  blade 
after  not  more  than  4  aggregate-hours  of  operation.  The 
material  will  occasionally  cake  the  saw,  especially  if  thick 
sections  are  in  work.  This  can  be  taken  care  of  by  scrap- 
ing lightly  and  then  washing  off  any  remaining  film  with 
acetone.  With  the  proper  selection  of  saw  blade  and  with 
these  small  attentions  to  operating  conditions,  fairly  rapid 
production  and  clean  cuts  will  result. 

Band  Sawing 

In  band  sawing  cellulose  nitrate  sections  up  to  >i"  in 
thickness  no  lubrication  is  necessary.  For  thicknesses 
greater  than  j£",  lubrication  should  be  used.  The  sim- 
plest procedure  for  this  purpose  is  to  run  the  band  through 
an  oiled  wadding  placed  above  the  work.  The  wadding 
should  cover  the  entire  width  of  the  band  except  the  teeth. 
In  lay-ups  or  stacked  work,  lubrication  is  best  accomplished 
by  interlaying  the  sheets  with  waxed  or  oiled  paper. 

For  straight  cuts  a  band  YI"  in  width  is  used,  whereas 
for  shaped  cuts  narrower  blades  are  utilized,  which  grade 
down  to  3/16"  width  with  increasing  curvature  of  cut.  A 
tooth  distribution  of  16  to  the  inch  will  take  care  of  most 
work.  The  tooth  set  will  increase  with  the  sharpness  of  the 
curve  and  decrease  with  the  thickness  of  the  section.  Where 
both  sharpness  of  turn  and  thickness  of  material  are  con- 
siderable, a  compromise  on  tooth  set  will  have  to  be  ar- 
rived at  by  test.  An  operating  speed  that  will  serve  most 
band  sawing  purposes  on  cellulose  nitrate  is  from  1600  to 
1700  fpm. 

Jig  Sawing 

Cellulose  nitrate  sections  up  to  1"  in  thickness  may  be 
safely  and  accurately  cut  on  the  jig  saw.  For  most  work 
a  No.  15  "blue"  blade  will  serve.  For  section  thicknesses 
from  .080"  up,  a  measure  of  tool  economy  can  be  achieved 
by  cutting  down  old  band  saw  blades  of  3/16"  width  and 
using  them  in  place  of  jig  saw  blades.  This  is  feasible, 
however,  only  on  outside  cuts.  A  good  all-round  operating 
speed  is  about  1000  to  1200  fpm.  Lubrication  is  as  desirable 
in  this  operation  as  it  is  in  band  sawing.  The  best  proce- 
dure is  to  underlay  the  sheet  with  waxed  or  oiled  paper  and 
in  lay-ups  to  interlay  the  sheets  with  the  same  material. 


In  pressure-shaping,  as  on  this  knuckle  press,  blanks  pro- 
ceed as  shown  from  hot-plate  to  press,  then  to  cold  water, 
where  the  embossed  pattern  becomes  permanently  set 


» 


This  jig  feeds  the  blank  in  a  cold-punching  operation  merely 
by  letting  it  slide  into  the  holding  chamber.  The  blank 
adheres  to  punch-pins  until  the  ram  recedes  to  predeter- 
mined point.  The  blank  is  kicked  off.  {alls  on  a  curved- 
surface  sheet  of  cellulose  nitrate  and  slides  off  on  to  the  table 

Slicing 

Slicing  is  by  far  the  most  advantageous  machine  process 
for  cutting  blanks  from  cellulose  nitrate  rod  stock.  Com- 
pared with  sawing,  slicing  offers  a  cleaner  cut,  faster  pro- 
duction, and  100%  utilization  of  the  material.  Since  cellu- 
lose nitrate  has  a  low  water  absorption  rate,  nothing  more 
complicated  than  a  hot  water  bath  is  needed  to  soften  it 
for  slicing.  The  water  temperature  should  be  kept  at  140°  F 
and  the  immersion  time  should  be  about  1  min.  The  tube 
into  which  the  softened  rod  is  inserted  for  feeding  must 
not  only  conform  to  the  rod's  cross-section,  but  also  pro- 
vide a  fairly  snug  fit.  This  snugness  is  necessary  in  order 
to  prevent  distortion  of  the  material  in  the  region  of  the 
slice.  Another  precaution  serving  the  same  end:  Operate 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


31 


If  feed  is  properly  controlled,  no  coolant  Is  needed,  even  in 
combined  turning-cutoff  operations,  as  on  this  rod  machine 


Vapor   polishing   of   cellulose   nitrate   work — a    rapid-produc- 
tion process — requires  only  exposure  to  ethyl  acetate  vapor 


the  knife  blade  as  close  to  the  mouth  of  the  tube  as  possible. 
When  the  rod  has  a  cross-sectional  contour  that  presents 
outer  corners,  as  in  a  square  rod,  or  presents  acute  in-curves, 
as  in  a  petal  design,  it  should  be  so  placed  in  the  tube  holder 
that  the  pressure  of  the  slicing  stroke  will  bear  on  the  long- 
est uninterrupted  line  in  the  cross-section.  Whatever  slight 
distortion  there  may  be  in  the  blank  immediately  after  slic- 
ing is  corrected  by  the  return  of  the  material  to  its  normal 
shape  as  it  cools  at  room  temperature. 

Since  general  practice  does  not  usually  call  for  rod 
thickness  much  beyond  2",  a  press  with  a  3"  stroke  can 
handle  almost  all  slicing  requirements.  The  knife  should 
be  made  of  high-speed  steel ;  it  should  be  about  3/16"  thick 
and  have  a  long  bevel  running  back  from  the  cutting  edge. 
This  edge  must  be  kept  at  razor  sharpness  if  the  cut  is  to 
be  clean  and  production  rapid.  For  really  good  work  not 
only  must  the  blade  be  honed,  but  the  cutting  edge  must 
be  buffed  to  remove  all  steel  particles  that  may  scratch  the 
work  in  the  course  of  the  slice.  The  speed  of  the  slicing 
stroke  will  depend  entirely  on  the  cross-sectional  area  of 
the  rod  stock  and  must  be  determined  by  test.  However,  a 
general  idea  of  speed  rates  may  be  gained  from  the  fact 
that  a  properly  conditioned  and  operated  press  can  easily 
produce  a  disc  %"  thick  from  a  rod  -Hi"  in  diameter  at  the 
rate  of  80  gross  per  hour. 

Blanking 

Cellulose  nitrate  may  be  blanked  and  punched  in  thick- 
nesses of  l/t"  and  more.  Thin  sheeting  ranging  up  to  about 
.020"  may  be  stamped  out  cold  on  a  punch  press  at  the  very 
rapid  rate  of  400  a  minute  for  a  J^"  wide  strip.  In  ordinary 
blanking  operations  on  stock  up  to  .040"  no  heat-softening  is 
required  if  male  and  female  blanking  dies  are  used.  For 
thicknesses  above  .040"  the  material  must  be  heat-softened, 
and  sharp-edged,  long-bevel  cutters  must  be  used.  The 
sheet  should  be  dry-heated  on  a  hot-plate  at  a  temperature  of 
from  150°  to  160°  F.  It  should  be  sandwiched  between  the 
plate  and  a  thin  asbestos  sheeting.  If  sheets  of  large  area 
are  used,  there  may  be  sufficient  cooling  before  the  whole 
sheet  is  utilized  to  require  reheating. 

In  cold  punching  operations,  the  feed  may  be  as  rapid 
as  the  operator  can  make  it.  Within  limits,  this  is  also 
generally  true  of  hot  blanking,  especially  on  the  thinner 
gauges,  except  that  transfer  time  of  the  sheet  from  the  hot- 
plate to  the  press  lengthens  the  process.  A  10  ton  press 
will  provide  ample  pressure  for  almost  all  ordinary  blank- 
ing operations  on  cellulose  nitrate  stock. 


Pressure  Shaping 

Many  of  the  designs 


The  need  for  coolant  in 
channeling  and  other 
shaper  operations  like  this 
is  obviated  by  mounting 
the  cutter  on  an  off-angle 
collar,  as  illustrated  below 


worked  into  the  surface  of  cellulose 
nitrate  blanks,  especially  those 
incised  and  relief  designs  nor- 
mally associated  with  turning  or 
milling  operations,  can  be  more 
rapidly  and  economically 
achieved  on  a  press  than  on  a 
lathe.  A  concentric  circle  pat- 
tern, the  so-called  "turned  ef- 
fect," is  one  of  many  examples. 
A  knuckle  press,  because  of  its 
ease  of  control  and  smoothness 
of  operation,  is  best  for  this 
purpose.  Since  no  cutting  is 
done  and  no  material  removed, 
the  thickness  of  the  blank  is  no 
consideration. 

The    blank    should    be    heat- 
softened  on  a  hot-plate  at  a  tem- 
perature of   160°  F.  and  after- 
ward  is   fed  under   a   die   that 
(Continued  on  page  106) 


Are  you 

sniffing  around 

for  a  belter  product? 


(Can  you  name  the  plastic  part*  that  make 
up  thi*  "dog"?  See  chart  below.) 


Call  this  pooch  unusual?  He's 
nothing  compared  with  Conti- 
nental's Plastics  Division. 

Today,  when  selecting  the 
right  plastic  means  so  much  to 
a  product,  our  designers,  en- 
gineers and  research  men 
have  produced  many  unusual 
things.  Plastic  parts  for  swivels 
and  syringes,  cogs  and  combs 
and  cutlery,  plane  parts  and 
pumps— these  and  a  lot  more, 
planned  and  turned  out  by 
men  who  know  their  business. 


Our  long  years  of  experience 
in  the  plastics  field  plus  the 
best  facilities  you'll  find  any- 
where add  up  to  the  solution 
to  any  manufacturer's  problem 
of  improving  an  old  product 
or  introducing  a  new  one. 

So  count  on  Continental  to 
suggest  the  exact  plastic  fea- 
tures your  product  should 
have.  You'll  find  an  alert,  pro- 
gressive organization  ready  to 
give  sound,  practical  advice 
and  assistance  at  all  times. 


Tun*  in  "REPORT  TO  THE  NATION."  tttry  Saturday  oier  CBS  eoatl-la-eoait  network 


CONTINENTAL 


PLASTICS 

DIVISION 


CAN     COMPANY,    INC. 

HEADQUARTERS:     Cambridge.    Ohio 

Sales  Representatives  in. ill 
Pnncipjl  Cities 


B 


(a)  Draw**  pvlli — injection,  (b)  A.r  tcoop  mounting — comprtf 
lion;  (c)  Glob*  boi« — inftclkxii  Id)  Sol..  lKkx.hoW« — 
comprtuiOn;  (•)  Funn«l — comprvtiion;  (f)  Short  for  voporitor 
— comprvuionj  (g.)  Bushing — companion.  |h|  Hoifbrvth  hondl* 
— injection;  (i)  Gvarthift  boll  —  compreu.cn.  (j|  fcVtnh  cop  for 
motor companion. 


COMPRESSION  .INJECTION -EXTRUSION 
SHEET   FORMING  •  LAMINATION 


Other  product*  of  Continental  Can  Company:  Mrtal 
cans  for  food  and  othrr  prodjcU;  fiber  and  paper 
container*;  crown  cap*  and  cork  product*;  machinery 
and  equipment.  Special  war  ran-  and  weapon*. 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTiCS 


Mechanization  Shifts  Molding1 
Into  High  Gear 


Major  Economies  Effected  by 
Automatic  Compression  Presses 
Should  Put  Plastics  in  Favorable 
Position  for  Post-War  Competition 


NEW  chapters  in  the  history  of  the  fully-automatic 
compression  molding  machine  are  in  the  making,  and 
while  there  has  been  little  actual  wartime  building  of  such 
machines,  the  manufacturers  have  not  marked  time,  count- 
ing on  eager  post-war  demand  to  absorb  the  type  of  equip- 
ment they  offered  before.  Instead,  they  have  been  develop- 
ing new  machines  even  though  they  have  had  extremely 
limited  opportunity  to  build  them. 

Before  the  war,  several  hundred  of  the  type  which  per- 
form all  functions  of  the  molding  cycle  automatically  were 
in  use  and  were  proving  their  economic  value.  In  war  work, 
they  produced  precision  parts  meeting  the  most  rigid  Army 
and  Navy  specifications,  especially  in  the  molding  of  high 
dielectric  materials  which  require  exact  timing  in  cure. 

In  the  evolution  of  compression  molding  presses,  the 
trend  has  been  toward  the  inclusion  of  an  increasing  num- 
ber of  automatic  features,  as  well  as  increasing  the  size 
of  presses  and  the  number  of  cavities,  and  generally  im- 
proving operations.  , 

The  simple  hand-press,  used  now  chiefly  for  experimental 
and  laboratory  work,  is  characterized  by  small  size,  .single 
opening  and  removeable  molds  which  are  loaded  and  un- 
loaded outside  the  press. 

The  matwaHy-controned  press  goes  a  step  further  by 
permitting  power  operation  of  the  press,  with  only  the 
controls  handled  by  the  operator.  The  mold  is  generally 
fixed  to  the  press  on  bolsters  and  parallels.  Pull-back 
mechanism  opens  the  mold,  strippers  are  provided  to  eject 
finished  work,  and  head  position  can  be  adjusted. 

Semi-Automatic  Type 

The  semi-automatic  press  is  distinguished  by  its  auto- 
matic cycle  control,  with  the  cycles  established  in  advance. 
It  closes,  "breathes,"  cures,  opens  and  knocks  out  work 
automatically.  The  operator  need  only  load  the  hopper, 
start  the  machine  and  remove  finished  parts.  These  units 
may  incorporate  a  built-in  platen  travel  control  mechanism 
which  permits  accurate  timing  during  the  final  close  in 
order  to  minimize  damage  to  the  work  and  the  machine. 
Relatively  low  pressures  are  used. 

Automatic  presses  carry  the  trend  to  its  ultimate  con- 
clusion— namely,  the  mechanization  of  the  entire  process, 
including  the  loading  of  the  hopper  and  the  removal  of 
finished  parts.  Production  speeds  are  competitive  with  that 
of  injection-molding  for  thermoplastics. 

These  units  may  include  such  special  attachments  as  a 
device  for  automatically  unscrewing  and  ejecting  threaded 
parts  at  rates  of  more  than  1000  per  day  for  each  cavity. 
Some  presses  incorporate  a  pre form-producing  unit  (which 
also  automatically  feeds  the  preforms  to  the  mold),  further 


reducing  operating  time.  As  in  semi-automatic  presses, 
closing  speed  can  be  accurately  controlled  during  final  com- 
pression. The  platens  may  be  heated  by  electricity  or  steam, 
and  the  pressure  applied  by  electric  motor  or  by  hydraulic 
cylinder.  In  some  types,  compressed  air  actuates  the  slid- 
ing table  which  feeds  powder  into  the  mold  cavities  from 
the  hopper,  and  may  also  be  used  to  eject  finished  work. 

Regardless  of  the  type  of  press  used,  the  principles  of 
compression  molding  remain  the  same :  Accurately-weighed 
material  in  the  form  of  loose  powder  or  preforms  must  be 
fed  into  an  open  mold  composed  of  two  or  more  parts,  the 
mold  closed  under  pressure  (1000  to  10,000  psi)  and  heat 
(250  to  400°  F),  and  subsequently  cooled  in  the  case  of 
thermoplastics.  With  thermosetting  materials,  the  prob- 
lem is  to  heat  the  material  just  enough  and  rapidly  enough 
to  prevent  it  from  setting  in  the  mold;  also  to  produce  a 
uniform  heat  throughout  the  material  so  that  the  outside 
has  not  begun  to  set  before  the  interior  is  heated. 

New  Fully-Automatic  Models 

Of  the  automatic  machines  recently  developed,  a  few 
have  been  put  into  production.  One  of  these  is  a  50-ton 
hydraulic  press,  designed  to  bring  the  advantages  of  auto- 
matic operation  to  the  production  of  much  larger  parts 
than  can  be  made  on  the  earlier  15-ton  models.  As  in  the 
earlier  type,  all  steps  of  the  molding  cycle  are  performed 
automatically,  no  operating  attention  being  required.  This 
press  is  not  to  be  confused  with  existing  semi-automatic 
units  usually  of  150  to  300-ton  capacity,  which  lack  the 
automatic  loading  and  unloading  features. 

The  new  press  feeds  molding  powder  from  a  hopper, 
measures  a  predetermined  charge  for  one  or  more  cavi- 
ties, loads  a  double  charge  if  desired,  closes,  "breathes"  the 
mold,  cures  and  ejects.  The  entire  cycle  is  timed  exactly 
and  repeated  indefinitely.  All  operations  are  guarded  by 
automatic  safety  devices.  If  a  piece  is  not  ejected  or  the 
machine  runs  out  of  molding  powder,  the  press  stops,  and 
visible  and  audible  alarms  indicate  that  it  needs  attention. 
When  the  trouble  has  been  corrected,  a  push  of  a  button 
starts  the  machine  off  again  in  full  automatic  production. 

Economies  are  possible  with  automatic  molding,  not  only 
from  the  standpoint  of  reducing  labor,  but  in  the  reduction 
of  rejects,  the  saving  of  molding  material,  mold  cost,  finish- 
ing and  assembly  costs,  and  others.  Production  per  mold 
cavity  may  range  up  to  10,000  or  more  per  week,  when 
machines  are  kept  in  continuous  operation,  24  hr  per  day 
for  all  7  days.  Sub-cavity  molds  are  used  to  advantage.  A 
dozen  or  more  small  moldings  can  thus  be  made  at  one  time 
and  production  of  10,000  to  15,000  per  day  has  been  at- 
tained. 

Automatic  molds  are  small,  with  few  cavities,  by  com- 
parison with  large  multiple-cavity  molds  used  in  conven- 
tional molding.  Therefore  they  can  be  made  in  less  time, 
at  less  cost,  and  can  be  put  into  production  more  quickly. 
Molding  material  is  saved,  since  each  charge  is  accurately 
metered,  reducing  flash  to  a  minimum  and  removing  it  in 
most  cases  by  simple  tumbling.  Parts  produced  by  auto- 
matic molding  are  uniform  and  accurate.  Users  of  such 
machines  have  reported,  on  long  runs  of  military  work, 
rejects  of  only  3%  or  less.  Thus  substantial  savings  in  as- 
sembly operations  result. 

(Continued  on  page  122) 


34 


FLASTtCS 


APRIL  1945 


, 

*  '-' 


The  benefit!  of  automatic  operation  are  brought  to  larger 
products  by  this  new  Stokes  50-ton  compression  press.  In- 
set, compressed  air  mechanism  ejects  and  cleans  the  mold 


The  beauty  of  natural  fur  is  captured  in  this  modeled  plas- 
tics-treated sheepskin.  Three  stages  in  the  process  are 
shown:  Raw  skin;  before  resin  application;  and  finished  fur 


/     from  Vats 

Plastics  Improve  Natural  Pelts, 
Turn  Sheepskin  into  Quality  Fur 


THANKS  to  plastics  resins  and  the  perfection  of  a  re-^ 
markable  processing  method,  the  luxury  of  high- 
quality  fur  can  he  brought  within  the  economic  range  of 
a  vast  number  of  persons  for  the  first  time,  and  natural 
furs  themselves  can  be  so  improved  as  to  save  countless 
thousands  of  dollars  in  depreciation  and  spoilage. 

Rare  indeed  is  the  woman  who  has  no  desire  for  the 
beauty  and  softness  of  a  fur  coat.  Yet,  because  there  have 
been  only  slow  advancements  in  the  technique  of  obtaining, 
raising  and  producing  natural  fur,  this  luxury  has  remained 
outside  the  reach  of  many.  The  new  method  permit  >  the 
simulation  of  expensive  furs  simply  by  the  special  treatment 
of  sheepskin  and  similar  materials. 

Brought  to  a  high  state  of  development  within  recent 
months,  the  new  process  involves  the  use  of  chemical  re- 
actions characteristic  of  the  plastics  industry.  It  permits 


V 


f 


After  the  skin  has  been  treated  with  special  chemicals 
and  placed  thru  the  beater,  it  is  ironed,  the  worker  wear- 
ing rubber  gloves  to  protect  his  hands  from  the  intense  heat 


£  conversion  not  only  of  sheepskin  hut  also  bristle,  cord- 
it,  felt,  carpeting  and  clothing  into  materials  possessing 
•rely  new  appearance  and  properties.  The  process  can 
!  used,  for  example,  to  impart  to  the  coarse,  kinky  fibres 
f  wool  the  curl,  lx>dy.  silkiness  and  lustre  of  natural  heaver, 
Bering  it  in  addition,  water-,  crease-  and  moth- 
•stant.  Although,  as  stated,  the  process  can  also  be 
Id  to  enhance  the  beauty  and  greatly  improve  the  wear- 
Cities  of  natural  fur,  at  the  present  time  the  chief 
Eriication  of  the  process  is  the  conversion  of  sheepskin 
Beaver. 

Responsible  for  this  development  is  Dr.  J.  B.  Calva, 
resident  of  J.  B.  Calva  Co..  Minneapolis,  whose  methods 
•resent  the  culmination  of  15  years  of  painstaking  rr- 
»rch  on  wool  and  hair. 

The  Calva   process   is  also  said   to  make  possible  the 


manufacture  from  shorn  wool  of  a  felt  which  is  indistin- 
guishable from  fur  felt.  Hats  made  from  ordinary  fur 
felt  look  somewhat  the  worse  after  a  pouring  rain.  They 
"shrink,"  so  to  speak,  whereas  hats  made  from  Calva-pro- 
1  felt  will  not.  Bristles  which  have  Uecn  rejected  for 
use  in  domestic  and  industrial  brushes  l>ecause  of  insuffi- 
cient stiffness  or  rigidity  can  be  treated  to  enhance  these 
properties.  The  cordage  industry  also  is  looking  to  the 
process  for  the  solution  of  many  of  its  difficulties.  In  the 
clothing  accessories  field,  these  treated  furs  are  used  as 
trimming  for  cloth  coats,  footwear,  gloves,  and  mittens. 

Perhaps  the  most  significant  feature  in  the  commercial 
exploitation  of  this  process  is  its  versatility.  Wherever 
hair  or  fibres  of  any  type  enter  into  industrial  operations, 
the  Calva  process  can  be  utilized  to  advantage.  According 
to  Benjamin  H.  Weiss,  president  of  the  Calva  Fur  Patents 


Keep  her  in  mind  .    .  because  it's  good  business!  For  she  is  your  customer 
of  tomorrow  .    .  who  will  be  responsive  to  the  appeal  of  Columbia  Plastic  prod- 
ucts so  new  in  shape,  in  color,  in  functional  design,  as  to  captivate  her  with 
their  glamour.  And  Columbia  has  the  vision,  the  realistic  experience,  the  unrivalled 
molding  facilities  to  bring  these  products  in  unending  flow  to  the  new  Plastic 
Age  that's  just  around  the  corner! 


COLUMBIA 


COLUMBIA  PROTEKTOSITE  CO.,  INC..  CARISTADT,  M.J. 


First  step  in  processing  shearlings,  is  soaking  them  in  brine 

Corp.,  New  York  City,  the  large  American  carpeting  con- 
cerns have  already  expressed  much  interest  in  applying 
it  to  the  improvement  of  rugs  and  carpets.  Pile,  the  basic 
component  of  carpets  and  rugs,  is  composed  of  shorn  wool, 
and  all  of  the  properties  which  can  be  obtained  in  the 
processed  fur  can  be  secured  for  pile. 

\\Yiss  foresees  a  great  application  of  the  Calva  proc- 
cs~  in  dress  and  suit  manufacturing.  Who  has  not  felt 
stuffy  and  uncomfortable  on  a  hot  Summer  day,  even  in  the 
thinnest  of  fine  worsteds?  Ordinarily,  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  processed  furs,  the  sheepskin  fibres  are  converted 
only  along  the  top  J4".  the  lower,  kinky  portion  of  the  wool 
fibre  being  left  intact  because  of  its  insulating  properties. 
Rut  it  is  possible  to  convert  the  entire  length  of  the  wool 
fibre  for  men's  tropical  wear,  thus  destroying  all  of  its  in- 
sulating properties  and  insuring  lightness  and  coolness. 
Consequently,  it  is  predicted  that  it  will  be  possible  to  make 
a  wool  possessing  less  warmth  than  cotton  and  having  such 
qualities  as  impermeability  and  crease  resistance.  More- 
over, the  processed  wool  can  readily  be  dyed  in  vivid  colors 
heretofore  impossible  in  wool.  Still  in  the  experimental 
stage  is  the  development  for  wool  of  a  satin  finish  which 
will  be  comparable  to  silk  satin. 

Calva  processed  sheepskins  may  be  dyed  in  any  of  the 
jr  tones,  such  as  beaver,  logwood,  silver  smoke,  and  beige, 
loreover,  it  is  also  possible  to  achieve  high  tones,  such  as 
reen  and  "stoplight"  red.  Fur  merchants  and  other  people 
ustomed  to  handling  furs  admit  that  natural  furs  such  as 
aver  and  nutria,  lose  their  beauty  and  lustre  after  pro- 
nged exposure  to  rain  or  after  considerable  wear.  Calva- 
processed  furs  retain  their  beauty  and  lustre  under  these 
nditions.  Indeed,  even  repeated  dry-cleaning  has  no 
eleterious  effects  on  them.  Sheared  beaver  may  be  so 
ileverly  simulated  that  not  even  a  fur  expert  can  detect  the 
difference  between  the  genuine  and  the  imitation  by  visual 
spection.  Exact  imitations  arc  not  being  made  now,  for  in 
rder  to  simulate  the  white  lines  that  are  a  characteristic 
dcntification  of  natural  beaver,  the  sheepskin  must  undergo 


After  being  soaked,  skins  are  toggled  (stretched  and  dried) 

an  expensive  dyeing  process  which  adds  about  $20  to  tin- 
wholesale  cost  of  the  fur.  As  the  OPA  ceiling  price  is  $'>5 
for  Calva-processed  furs,  the  manufacturers — Winslow 
Brothers  &  Smith  Co.,  Norwood,  Mass. — are  refraining 
from  putting  exact  imitations  on  the  market  until  the  OPA 

Before  resin  treatment,  the  reverse  side  of  the  skin  is  buffed 


APRIL  1945 


39 


One  method  of  applying  resin  to  the  wool  is  hand-doping 


Putting  the  treated  skin  through  a  beater  prepares  for  ironing 


makes  an  equitable  adjustment  which  will  take  into  account 
til  is  added  cost. 

Although  beaver  is  the  most  widely  simulated  fur  at  pres- 
ent, it  is  not  the  only  fur  that  can  be  simulated  by  the 
process.  By  selecting  sheepskins  having  the  appropriate 
number  of  fibres  per  square  inch  and  the  proper  fibre  length, 
fox,  lynx,  nutria,  seal  and  even  mink  can  be  successfully 
imitated.  If,  instead  of  sheepskin,  the  pelt  of  the  humble 
Chinese  rice-rat  is  used  as  a  starting  material,  a  product 
can  be  made  which  is  scarcely  distinguishable  from  the 
coveted  sable.  Dr.  Calva  asserts  that  there  is  no  fur  which 
cannot  be  simulated,  provided  careful  attention  is  paid  to 
the  choice  of  the  starting  material,  as  well  as  to  the  method 
of  processing. 

Chemical  Explanation 

The  basic  principles  underlying  the  procedure  used  in 
the  treatment  of  all  of  the  materials  mentioned  are  funda- 
mentally the  same.  The  reason  is  that  wool  fibres  constitute 
the  parent  substance  in  all  of  the  converting  reactions — and 
the  Calva  process  depends  upon  chemical  modification  of 
the  components  of  the  fibres.  Wool  fibres  are  composed 
mainly  of  keratin,  a  protein  substance  of  undetermined 
molecular  weight.  The  keratin  is  formed  by  the  linkage — 
in  a  manner  as  yet  not  fully  understood — of  polypejuide 
chains  of  molecules.  When  the  keratin  is  treated  with  an 
acid,  a  polypeptide  salt  is  formed  at  the  expense  of  the 
secondary  valence  forces  which  hold  the  polypetide  chains 
together.  This  activation  with  acid  enables  the  polypeptide 
chains  to  slide  over  one  another  and  makes  for  resiliency 
and  flexibility  in  the  fibre. 

The  treatment  with  acid  effects  the  first  modification  of 
the  physical  structure  of  the  wool  fibre  and  may  be  regarded 
as  the  initial  stage  in  the  degradation  of  keratin.  If  the 
reaction  is  carried  one  step  further,  cleavage  of  the  polypep- 
tide molecule  itself  takes  place,  and,  as  the  reaction  is  car- 
ried out  in  an  aqueous  medium,  it  is  simply  a  hydrolysis 
which  yields  amino  acids.  Both  of  these  reactions — the 
separation  of  the  molecular  chains,  and  the  breakdown  of 
the  individual  polypeptide  molecular  chains — occur,  so  that 
reactive  imino  groups  are  left  on  the  chains  not  hydrolyzed, 
and  reactive  amino  groups  are  formed  on  the  liberated 
amino  acids. 

In  order  to  make  permanent  this  change  in  the  character 
of  the  fibre,  which  produces  freedom  of  motion  and  elimi- 
nates the  "kink,"  the  rigidity  with  which  the  polypeptide 
molecules  were  originally  held  together  must  be  restored. 
To  obtain  the  firm  linkage  necessary,  advantage  is  taken  of 
the  condensation  reactions  which  occur  between  formalde- 
hyde and  amino  groups,  and  between  formaldehyde  and 
imino  groups.  In  the  reactions,  the  hydrophilic  amino 
groups  are  destroyed,  and  the  activated  imino  groups  are 
linked  sturdily  by  methylene  bridges.  The  materials  are 
also  impregnated  with  cresol — a  chemical  similar  to  the 
phenol  used  in  the  well-known  reaction  with  formaldehyde 
to  produce  thermosetting  resins — which  also  polymerizes 
with  the  formaldehyde.  The  over-all  result  of  this  series 
of  reactions  is  that  the  wool  fibres,  which  are  kinky  and, 
being  permeable  to  moisture,  have  a  tendency  to  mat,  are 
straightened  and  rendered  resistant  to  moisture,  chemicals 
and  abrasive  action. 

The  great  percentage  of  Calva-processed  fur  manufac- 
tured by  Winslow  Brothers  &  Smith  Co.  (more  than  1500 
skins  daily  are  turned  out  at  the  Massachusetts  plant)  is 
used  for  domestic  consumption.  However,  a  large  quantity 
of  the  processed  fur  goes  into  the  manufacture  of  pilot 
suits  for  the  Army  Air  Forces  and  the  Marine  Corps.  The 
(Continued  on  page  114) 


A  shearer  cuts  the  skin  to  desired  ske  before  it  receives 
the  electrifying-brush  lustre  treatment.  The  doping,  ironing, 
shearing  and  lustre  operations  are  repeated  several  times 


IT  PAYS 


Thousands  of  Closures 
Per  Hour 


For  low-cost  closures  or  similar  threaded  parts, 
pay  to  Mold  Automatically.  Stokes  Presses  art- 
simple,    fully    safeguarded,    completely 
automatic,   with  split-second  timing. 
There   can   be    no   under    or    over 
cure,  caps  are  of  the  highest  qual- 
ity. A  single  operator  tends  a  bat- 
tery of  machines.  A  single  mold 
only  is  required. 

Machines  are  fast  .  .  .  the  entire 
time  required  for  loading,  clos- 
ing,  opening,   unscrewing  and 
ejecting  is  7  to  10  seconds  only. 
To  this  add  time  for  cure,  which 
\.iries  with  cup  size  and  material, 
and  you  obtain  a  40  to  60-second 
cycle  tor  most  caps.  Thus,  if  a    50- 
second   cycle  is  required   for  20-mm 
short  skirt  c.ips,  hourly  production  would 
be  5,832  c.ips. 

Investigate  the  possibilities  of  Stokes  Auto- 
matic (  losure  Presses.  Now  available  in  50-ton 
and  1  Mi-ton  models.  Send  samples. 


it  will 


F.    J.    STOKES    MACHINE 

6040  Tabor  Road,  Philadelphia  20,  Pa. 


CO. 


Production  of  the  plastics  master  tool- 
ing model  begins  with  the  experimental 
model  and  the  plaster  mold  made  from  it 


A  waterproof  plywood  core  is  shaped  to 
correspond  to  the  inside  mold  contour, 
then  it  is  placed  in  the  mold  and  secured 


CCMPLtTCD    MASTEB  AND   f»AMt ' 


Resin  poured  between  mold,  frame;  heat- 
hardened,  lacquered.  With  water,  butt 
lines  scribed,  casting  is  master  model 


Facilitating  Production 
With  Plastics  Tooling 


aris 


Tool  Liaison  Executive 
Lockheed  Aircraft  Corp. 


Lockheed  Has  Blazed  the  Trail  tor 
Plastics  Applications  That  Promise 
Many  Advantages  to  Varied  Industries 


OF  the  many  achievements  scored  by  plastics  during  the 
war  period,  the  growth  in  their  use  as  production 
tooling  material  may  yet  prove  to  be  one  of  the  most  out- 
standing from  the  point  of  view  of  post-war  expansion. 

Although  currently  employed  almost  entirely  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  parts  from  lighter  metals,  it  is  known  that  the 
field  for  application  is  considerably  broader.  Not  only  will 
light  metals  find  wider  use  in  new  spheres  after  the  war, 
but  experimentation  with  plastics  in  the  heavier-metal  in- 
dustries may  open  new  opportunities  for  development. 

For  these  reasons,  it  is  important  the  production  men 
in  every  phase  of  industry  give  careful  attention  to  the 
intensive  work  done  over  the  past  five  years  by  Lockheed 
Aircraft  Corp.  toward  improving  plastics  materials  for  tool- 
ing purposes.  Here  is  a  company  whose  work  is  strictly 
on  a  mass-production  basis,  and  whose  data,  accumulated 
by  painstaking  experimentation  and  in  actual  production, 
can  profit  numerous  types  of  manufacturing  firms. 

Latest  product  of  Lockheed's  efforts  has  been  the  release 
of  a  comprehensive  group  of  data  based  on  its  work  over 
the  last  2  years  in  testing  and  applying  the  unlimited  num- 
ber and  combination  of  plastics  materials.  Covering  both 
thermosetting  and  thermoplastic  types,  this  information  is 
presented  in  PLASTICS  for  the  first  time. 

Lockheed,  a  pioneer  in  the  use  and  promotion  of  plastics 


tooling,  first  publicized  its  technique  in  February,  1943, 
with  a  manual  designed  to  acquaint  executives,  engineers, 
foremen,  tool  designers  and  tool  planners  with  the  progress 
made  by  its  Manufacturing  Research  Group  in  this  field. 
Since  that  time,  however,  so  much  of  importance  occurred 
that  the  firm  felt  it  imperative  to  issue  further  data. 

This  discussion  will  cover  the  following  phases  of  the 
subject:  Thermosetting  Casting  Resins;  Laminates;  Ther- 
moplastic Casting  Materials;  and  Sequence  of  Plastics 
Tools  Applied. 

Thermosetting  Casting  Resins 

Phenol-formaldehyde,  a  basic  plastics  for  thermosetting 
casting  resins,  is  obtained  in  a  liquid  syrupy  state.  When 
cast,  an  acid  catalyst  and  a  filler  are  added,  the  accelerated 
reaction  of  the  acid  catalyst  on  the  resin,  with  the  aid  of 
heat,  causing  polymerization.  The  filler,  which  is  usually 
redwood  flour  or  asbestos,  makes  the  casting  less  expensive 
and  more  resistant  to  fracture. 

The  plastics  casting  is  a  hard,  inflexible  material  having 
sufficient  strength  for  its  recommended  applications.  It  is 
chemically  inert,  insoluble,  and  infusible.  The  usual  sol- 
vents, including  alcohol,  benzine,  turpentine,  lacquer  thin- 
ner, will  not  effect  it;  nor  will  water,  oil  or  gasoline. 

Its  color  is  variable  depending  on  the  pigment  in  the 


42 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


SAV-WAY 
INDUSTRIES 


MACHINE        TOOL         DIVISION 

BOX    117,    HARPER    STATION 
DETROIT     13,     MICHIGAN 


Stony  of  SARA-SEAL 


THIS  free  booklet  describes  completely 
the  principle  and  operation  of  the  amaz- 
ing machine  which  seals  an  almost  limitless 
variety  of  products  in  moisture-proof,  air- 
tight, floating  bags  of  transparent  plastic. 
It  gives  technical  data  on  sealing  methods 
and  materials.  A  book  for  everyone  inter- 
ested in  protective  packaging.  The  coupon 
will  bring  your  copy. 


Plea»e    lend   me   a   copy    of   your   new    Sara-Seal    booklet. 
NAME 


POSITION. 
FIRM 


ADDRESS 
CITY 


JTATI_ 


AI'RIL  194:> 


PLASTICS 


43 


Fig.  1.  (Above).  "Panelyte,"  "Dilecto"  and  "Celastic"  lami- 
nates strengthen  this  formed  router  block.  Right  (Fig.  2).  how 
laminated  sheets  are  used  to  make  a  horizontal  router  block 


resin.     The  surface  is  identical  with  the  mold  surface. 

Castings  may  be  made  to  conform  to  any  shape  or  con- 
tour, the  methods  and  formulas  varying  with  the  type  of 
tool  and  its  intended  application.  Various  fillers  react 
differently  to  the  catalyst,  altering  physical  properties  of 
the  casting;  i.e.,  compressive  strength  and  shrinkage.  As- 
bestos flour,  asbestos  fibre  or  redwood  flour  have  been 
found  to  resist  the  acid,  and  when  used  as  fillers  with  the 
aid  of  a  covert  product  have  eliminated  aftershrinkage  com- 
pletely. 

Thermosetting  casting  resins  (in  this  case  phenolics) 
are  used  in  making  tools  such  as  master  tooling  models, 
formed  router  blocks,  drill  jigs,  inspection  check  gauges, 
saw  jigs,  shaper  blocks,  scribe  jigs,  and  forming  dies. 

Molds  for  casting  the  plastics  may  be  made  from  plaster, 
wood,  metal,  glass,  cardboard,  the  plastics  itself,  or  a  com- 
bination of  any  of  the  above.  Plaster  or  wood  have  been 
found  to  be  most  satisfactory  because  of  the  ease  in  work- 
ing. The  plastics  will  reproduce  the  finest  detail  of  the 
mold.  A  cellulose  nitrate  or  a  cellulose  acetate  butyrate 
lacquer  is  generally  used  as  a  parting  medium  between  the 
plastics  and  mold  surface,  except  in  glass  molds  where  no 
medium  is  needed.  A  thin  coat  of  wax  placed  on  the  lac- 
quer aids  the  removal  of  the  casting  from  the  mold. 

Preparing  Plastics  for  Casting 

To  prepare  the  plastics  for  casting,  the  following  gen- 
eral procedure  is  followed  at  Lockheed  Aircraft  Corpora- 
tion. The  amount  of  resin,  filler  and  catalyst  is  carefully 
calculated.  The  resin  is  then  drained  from  the  container 
into  a  metal  mixing  bowl  and  the  filler  thoroughly  mixed 
into  the  resin,  using  an  electrical  motor-driven  cake  mixer. 
The  catalyst  is  added  and  the  whole  is  thoroughly  stirred. 

After  thorough  stirring,  the  plastics  is  poured  into  the 
mold.  Precautions  are  taken  to  avoid  trapping  of  air  in 
casting  as  the  trapped  air  results  in  flaws.  In  most  molds 
air  vents  are  provided.  The  plastics  is  poured  into  the 
lowest  part  of  the  mold  forcing  the  air  out  as  it  works  its 
way  upward  to  the  top. 

Castings  are  left  to  stand  at  room  temperature  from  2  to 
4  hr  before  oven  curing,  to  allow  air  bubbles  to  rise  to  the 
top  surface  and  to  permit  exothermic  heat  of  chemical  re- 
action to  be  expended.  The  castings  are  baked  in  an  oven 
at  170°  F  for  several  hours  depending  upon  the  volume  of 
the  castings  and  the  thicknesses  and  materials  of  the  mold 
sections,  through  which  heat  must  pass  to  penetrate  the 
plastics.  In  general,  the  castings  are  removed  when  they 
are  hard  and  solid ;  an  overnight  cure  is  usually  sufficient. 
Insufficient  oven  heating  results  in  weak,  brittle  castings; 


ROUTER   tlOCK  USING    PHiNOLIC    LAMINATE 

over-long  heating  does  not  appreciably  harm  them.  The 
combination  of  heat  and  acid  reaction  of  the  catalyst  solidi- 
fies and  hardens  the  phenolic. 

The  castings  are  cleaned  with  denatured  alcohol  after 
removal  from  molds,  and  are  then  sealed  with  a  lacquer 
sealer. 

Machining  the  castings  is  done  with  wood  working  tools 
and  machines.  Machining  the  phenolic,  evolves  the  same 
speed,  depth  of  cut,  etc.,  that  govern  work  on  any  dense 
but  slightly  brittle  material.  In  castings  where  excessive 
machining  is  contemplated,  the  use  of  redwood  flour  as  a 
filler  is  preferable  in  that  asbestos  tends  to  dull  machine 
cutting  tools. 

Advantages  of  Wood  Core 

Practically  all  tools  made  of  theremosetting  casting  resin 
are  constructed  with  a  wooden  core  and  faced  with  approxi- 
mately a  ?x"  thick  layer  of  phenolic  on  the  working  sur- 
face of  the  tool.  The  phenolic  when  cast  directly  to  wood, 
adheres  securely;  thus  the  wood  has  a  three-fold  purpose. 
(1)  it  lightens  the  tool,  (2)  it  affords  a  satisfactory  foun- 
dation for  a  thin  layer  of  plastics  (the  thin  cross-section 
of  plastics  cures  more  rapidly  than  a  solid  casting  would), 
also  a  suitable  base  to  which  brackets  may  be  attached,  and 
(3)  it  eliminates  all  initial  shrinkage. 

Illustrated  in  the  accompanying  series  of  sketches  is  the 
general  sequence  of  operations  in  making  a  plastics  master 
tooling  model. 

A  full  scale  plaster  model  of  a  loft  layout  in  three  dimen- 
sions, is  made  to  the  inside  or  outside  mold  line  of  the  skin 
of  an  air-frame  assembly.  Because  the  plaster  model  is 
not  dimensionally  stable  over  a  long  period  of  time,  and 
because  a  dimensionally  stable  plastics  has  been  developed, 
a  duplicate  of  the  plaster  model  is  made  of  plastics  to  be 
used  for  a  permanent  reference. 

In  Sketch  1,  plaster  shells  arc  taken  from  the  plaster 
model.  The  shells  are  so  constructed  that  they  will  form 
into  a  closed  mold  with  only  the  top  open.  Care  is  maintained 
in  constructing  the  shells  to  insure  adequate  reinforcement 
to  eliminate  possible  warping  which  would  distort  the  con- 
tour; also  wall  thicknesses  of  the  mold  are  held  rather  con- 
stant to  facilitate  even  heat  distribution.  The  inner  surface 
is  lacquered  to  prevent  the  plastics  from  adhering. 

In  Sketch  2,  a  waterproof  plywood  core  is  shaped  to  cor- 
respond to  the  approximate  contour  of  the  inside  mold  sur- 
face. Space  is  allowed  for  nonshrink  plastics,  between  the 
core  and  mold  surface.  The  core  is  constructed  by  lami- 
nating sheets  of  plywood  and  rough  sawing  the  edges  to 
simulate  the  respective  contour  of  the  mold  section.  Dowel 


44 


PLASTH  S 


APRIL  1945 


Fig.  3.     Steps  in  the  Making  of  a  "Celastic"  Drill  Plate 


"•0X./LL   £AS£ 


The  first  step  is  to  frame  un- 
trimmed  part  on  drill  base;  then 
apply  H"  layer  of  clay,  and  pour 
in  the  plaster  to  form  a  backing 


Part  and  base  are  now  removed  and 
part  is  sprayed  with  lacquer;  the 
drill  rods  are  then  driven  into 
holes  and  bushings  are  attached 


In  the  third  step.  "Celastic"  sheets 
are  cut  to  size  and  laid  on  part 
to  required  depth,  hand-forming 
around  contours  and  bushings 


Cellophane  sheet  is  laid  over  "Cel- 
astic"; pressure  applied  with  plas- 
ter mold  and  C-clamps  before  baking 


After  3  to  10  hr  in  oven,  assem- 
bly is  removed  and  cooled;  the 
plaster  mold  is  then  lifted  oil 


Operation  is  completed  by  driv- 
ing drill  rods  out  thru  base,  re- 
leasing the  part  and  drill  plate 


pins  are  properly  located  to  hold  the  core  in  proper  posi- 
tion in  the  mold.  Air  vents  are  provided  at  advantageous 
points. 

In  Sketch  2,  rough  core  is  positioned  in  the  mold  and 
properly  fastened  to  avoid  possible  shifting. 

Next,  previously  made  thermosetting  casting  resin 
is  poured  into  mold,  completely  sealing  the  wooden  core 
with  phenolic.  The  cast  resin  is  allowed  to  stand  at  room 
temperature  for  the  necessary  number  of  hours  required  to 
permit  air  in  the  mix  to  rise  to  the  top  surface  and  to  per- 
mit exothermic  heat  from  chemical  reaction  to  be  expended. 

After  the  preliminary  curing  or  partial  polymerization 
h;i-.  taken  place,  the  mold  and  casting  is  placed  in  an  oven 
and  the  final  "set"  or  curing  takes  place.  This  operation 
takes  several  hours  depending  on  the  volume  of  the  mold. 

Later,  the  mold  is  moved  from  the  casting  after  it 
has  l>een  taken  from  the  oven.  The  casting  is  subsequently 
i-leaned  and  checked  for  accuracy. 

In  Sketch  3,  water,  butt  and  reference  lines  are 
scrilH-d  and  colored  for  visual  aid.  Reference  lines  were 
transferred  through  the  operations  from  the  plaster  model 
tn  the  plaster  shells  and  finally  to  the  plastics  casting.  The 
casting  is  attached  to  a  suitable  steel  base.  After  lacquer- 
ing, the  tool  is  complete,  and  is  known  as  a  master  tooling 
model. 

In  Sketch  3,  completed  plastics  master  tooling  model 
demonstrating  typical  methods  of  obtaining  die  contours, 
dr..  and  method  of  obtaining  contour  check  fixtures  for 
diet-king  production  tooling  is  also  illustrated. 

The  master  affords  a  permanent  diuietisionally  stable 
model  used  to  establish  contours  of  checking  gauge,  tool 


contour  templates,  cast  patterns,  blue  blocks,  and  fixtures 
and  to  establish  trim  lines  and  hole  locations  on  jigs. 

Laminates — Phenolic-Impregnated,   Paper-Base 

Paper-base  laminates  are  manufactured  under  numerous 
trade  names,  Dilecto,  Panelyte  and  Richlitt,  the  processes 
used  being  very  similar;  basically  they  are  (1)  the  manu- 
facture of  the  thermosetting  synthetic  resin,  (2)  the  im- 
pregnation of  the  paper,  and  (3)  the  pressing  and  curing 
of  the  impregnated  sheet  by  the  use  of  heat  and  extremely 
high  pressure. 

When  the  impregnated  sheet  is  subjected  to  heat  and 
pressure  the  several  layers  of  paper  and  phenolic  are  com- 
pressed and  cured  into  a  dense,  homogeneous  mass. 

The  laminates  are  manufactured  in  a  wide  variety  of 
grades,  depending  on  the  paper  base,  the  resin  content,  and 
the  reaction  of  the  ingredients.  Each  specific  grade  is  in- 
tended for  a  specific  use  and  is  formulated  to  possess  defi- 
nite characteristics.  Some  grades  are  primarily  intended 
for  electrical  insulation  applications  and  possess  very  good 
insulating  qualities  while  other  grades  are  made  to  serve 
in  mechanical  capacities  and  are  strong  and  tough.  The 
grades  designed  for  mechanical  applications  are  employed 
for  tooling  at  Lockheed.  The  finished  surfaces  of  the-<- 
laminates  are  attractive,  they  arc  supplied  with  a  dull,  semi- 
gloss,  and  a  polished  finish.  They  are  supplied  in  black, 
or  in  natural  color,  which  varies  from  a  light  brown  to  .1 
dark  brown.  Standard  sheet  sizes  for  Dilecto  XX  are  38"X 
38",  38"X43",  38"X96",  39"X46",  and  46"X70"  in  thick- 
nesses from  .010"  to  2"  inclusive.  Dilccto  XX  laminates  are 
hard  and  rigid,  having  relatively  high  tensile 


APRIL  194.-, 


I*  LAST  US 


1.-, 


Fig.  4.  Another  type  of  formed  router  block,  consisting  of 
wooden  nest  block  with  phenolic-face  "Celastic"  hold-down 
plate,  plywood  base,  and  a  "Dilecto"  bottom  guide  plate 


psi)  compressive  (34000  psi)  and  flexural  (16000  psi) 
strengths.  They  are  dimensionally  stable,  and  for  most 
practical  purposes  may  be  considered  chemically  inert,  in- 
soluble and  infusible.  The  usual  solvents,  such  as  alcohol, 
benzine,  turpentine  and  lacquer  thinner  have  no  effect  on 
them,  nor  do  water,  oil  or  gasoline. 

The  light  weight  of  the  laminates  (approximately  one- 
half  that  of  aluminum)  makes  their  application  to  tooling 
preferable  to  that  of  metals.  They  are  more  desirable  than 
Masonite,  which  is  produced  from  by-product  wood  chips 


Fig.  5.  Exploded  view  of  a  formed  router  block  used  as  a  com- 
bination horizontal  router  block  and  scribe  jig.  A  "Fibeiglas" 
laminate  hold-down  backed  with  wood  gives  the  unit  rigidity 

46 


reduced  to  the  cellulose  fibres  by  high  pressure  steam  and 
rolled  or  pressed  into  boards,  in  that  the  paper-base  lami- 
nates are  stronger  and  less  likely  to  chip. 

Machining  qualities  of  the  plastics  are  very  good.  They  can 
be  sheared,  sawed,  shaved,  punched,  milled,  turned,  drilled, 
reamed,  threaded,  sanded  and  stamped.  In  machining,  prac- 
tically the  same  rules  apply  as  in  machining  brass.  Highest 
possible  speeds  and  the  use  of  carbide  tipped  tools  are  rec- 
ommended by  the  manufacturers. 

Tools  that  are  entirely  or  partially  made  of  these  lami- 
nates include:  hydro  and  hand  form  blocks,  which  are  used 
to  form  flanges  and  joggles  and  are  free  of  double  contours; 
drill  jigs,  such  as  junction  boxes;  router  blocks,  the  lami- 
nate being  used  as  guide  bases  for  pin  routers.  Best  appli- 
cations are  for  single  plane  contoured  tools  and  for  struc- 
tural combination  with  other  materials. 

Laminates — Phenolic-Impregnated,  Fabric-Base 

Fabric-based  laminates,  manufactured  under  numerous 
trade  names,  such  as,  Panelyte,  Micarta,  and  Phenolite,  are 
made  by  methods  which  are  basically  the  same  as  those  used 
in  making  the  paper-base  type.  Like  the  paper-base  lami- 
nates, they  are  manfactured  in  a  wide  variety  of  grades, 
depending  on  the  base  material,  resin  content  and  the  reac- 
tion of  the  ingredients.  The  grades  intended  for  mechani- 
cal applications  are  the  ones  referred  to  in  this  article. 

The  laminates  used  at  Lockheed  are  made  of  high-grade, 
heavy-weave,  cotton-fabric-base,  and  are  strong,  tough  and 
abrasion  resistant.  Panelyte  900,  a  representative  material, 
is  obtained  in  sheet  sizes  36"X36",  36"X48",  48"X60", 
48"X30"  and  in  thicknesses  from  .015"  to  and  including  2" 
(10"  in  thickness  on  special  order). 

The  finished  surfaces  of  these  laminates  are  semi-glossy 
and  are  usually  natural  in  color,  which  is  a  light  brown. 
Like  the  paper-base  laminates,  for  most  practical  purposes, 
they  may  be  considered  as  chemically  inert,  insoluble  and 
infusible.  The  usual  solvents  alcohol,  benzine,  turpentine, 
lacquer  thinner  have  no  effect  on  it;  nor  do  water,  oil  or 
gasoline.  The  fabric-base  laminates  are  hard,  rigid  mate- 
rials, possessing  greater  strengths  than  the  paper-base. 
Panelyte  900  has  a  tensile  strength  (flat  with  grain)  of 
12,000  psi,  compressive  strength  of  40,000  psi  and  flexural, 
20,300  psi. 

They  are  dimensionally  stable  and  light  in  weight,  ap- 
proximately the  same  as  the  paper-base  laminates  and  one- 
half  that  of  aluminum,  which  makes  their  application  to 
tooling  desirable. 

Machining  qualities  of  the  plastics  laminates  are  good. 
They  may  be  sheared,  sawed,  shaved,  punched,  milled, 
turned,  drilled,  reamed,  tapped  or  threaded,  sanded  and 
stamped.  In  machining,  practically  the  same  rules  apply 
as  in  brass.  Highest  possible  speeds  and  the  use  of  carbide- 
tipped  tools  are  recommended  by  the  manufacturers. 

These  laminated  sheets  are  used  in  conjunction  with 
other  materials  to  make  such  tools  as  horizontal  router 
blocks,  the  fabric-based  laminate  being  used  as  the  guide 
as  shown  in  Fig.  2. 

They  are  also  used  as  bases  for  attached  tool  accesso- 
ries, such  as  hold-down  clamps.  The  fabric-base  has  ex- 
cellent holding  qualities  for  screws  and  pins. 

The  fabric-base  laminate  is  recommended  as  guides  for 
router  blocks  where  the  contour  is  singular,  because  of  its 
resistance  to  abrasive  wear  and  its  heat  forming  qualities. 
It  may  be  formed  with  a  radius  \l/i  times  its  thickness  by 
heating  to  400°  F  for  a  period  of  2  to  4  min.  When  it  has 
cooled  it  will  retain  the  formed  shape.  Thin  sheets  about 
%"  thick  are  formed  and  glued  together  with  Phenoglue. 
The  thin  sheets  facilitate  forming  and  the  laminate  builds 
up  strength.  It  is  not  recommended  for  multiple  contours 
or  compound  curves  since  heavy  equipment  would  be  re- 
quired to  form  the  material.  It  is  recommended  that  Celas- 

PLASTICS  APRIL  1945 


An  Important 


Plastics 


Announce"""11 


I.ighly  significant  among  countless  new  materials  developed  for  war  requirements  is  Styraloy — trade  name 
fur  a  remarkable  group  of  plastics  belonging  in  a  category  between  rubber-like  materials  and  rigid  thermoplastics. 

"Working  it  out  together"  with  the  Armed  Forces,  Dow  developed  the  first  of  this  impressive  new  line — 
Styraloy  22 — to  provide  a  one-piece  cable  sheathing  with  a  low  power  loss  at  high  frequencies  and  possessing 
great  durability  and  flexibility.  These  unique  qualities — combined  with  others  presented  below  in  capsule  form 
— point  to  its  use  in  a  broad  range  of  products.  As  a  result,  unlike  many  war-born  materials,  Styraloy  anticipates 
a  peacetime  career  of  great  importance. 

Now  that  Styraloy  is  available  for  commercial  purposes,  molders  and  manufacturers  or  designers  will  find 
Dow  equally  willing  to  cooperate  with  them  in  developing  to  the  fullest  extent  the  numerous  applications 
indicated  by  the  impressive  list  of  Styraloy's  properties.  "Let's  work  it  out  together." 

We  at  Dow  know  from  experience  that  success  in  plastics 
is  not  a  one-man  nor  even  a  one-industry  job.  It  calls  for 
the  combined  skill  and  cooperation  of  manufacturer  or 
designer  plus  fabricator  plus  raw  materials  producer. 
Working  together,  this  team  saves  time  and  money 
and  puts  plastics  to  work  successfully. 
Call  us — we'll  do  our  part. 


.          S 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES:  (>m-.piece  cable  sheathing;  handles  fur 
lools,  household  appliances,  etr.;  fiu-krl-;  bushings;  COU  form*;  fl.mr 
mats;  scuff  plates;  many  applications  still  to  be  a-i  ••II.IIIH-.|. 

PROPERTIES  AND  ADVANTAGES:  Ili^h  dielectric  -trench,  low  power  loss 

i'\.-r  all   Irrqui-Mi  ir~.    Power   factor  only    .(H>.">   at    I(M)..'<IM)   i 
Flexible  ami  shock  n-M-lant  from   -  <KI     F.  I"  1M:.'     F.  Spcciln    LT.IMU 
]••-•,  tlian    1    (II,, at-  in  water).  Water  al,-orplion  mil)   .2  to  ..">','.  !!• 
beat,  i./one,  an<l  ino-t  chemical-.   HifjIiK  replant  to  abr.i-ion.   K> 
permanent  iinlciitation.   Ide.ilU   -uiteil  to  cxlru-ion  of  complex  cross 
•ns  and   readily  fabri,  'her   molding  techniques.   Kasily 

macliined. 

THE    DOW    CHEMICAL    COMPANY    •    MIDLAND,    MICHIGAN 


N.w  Ywk 
Oilc«0«     • 


•      lotten 

SI.   Lou, I 


Philod.lph.o       •       WoiMngKn       •       CUv.lanJ       •       D«..» 
Houtlon       •       S«n    ffanclic*       •       L»fl 


PL.ASTICS 


»TTtO«      •     fTMOCIl 
MIAN      •      MIAN  FILM      •      ITHKOAT      •      1TTIALOT 


Fig.  6.  In  preparing  the  die  for  casting  a  punch,  tin-lined  boards 
are  shaped  around  the  die  to  form  a  mold  extending  8-10"  above 
the  die's  upper  surface.  Processed  plastics  is  cast  directly  to  the 
die.  being  so  poured  as  to  avoid  cold  shuts  and  trapping  of  air 


tic  or  Fiberglas  laminates  be  considered  in  these  more  diffi- 
cult applications. 

In  general,  the  fabric-based  laminates  may  be  used  in 
place  of  the  paper-based  laminates,  where  greater  strength 
is  required  and/or  where  simple  forming  is  necessary.  An 
outstanding  example  may  be  found  in  our  formed  router 
block  a  combination  tool,  used  on  pin  routers  and  horizon- 
tal routers.  It  is  constructed  of  wood,  thermosetting  cast- 


Fig.  7.  After  the  punch  is  cast,  the  inserts,  which  are  used  to 
secure  the  finished  punch  to  the  drop  hammer  head,  are  located 
in  liquid  plastics  by  means  of  studs  fastened  to  a  spider  such 
as  shown  here.  When  solidified,  plastics  holds  inserts  in  place 

48 


ing  resin,  Celastic,  Panelyte,  Masonite,  plywood,  rolled 
Kirksite  and  steel. 

Fig.  1,  shows  the  phenolic- faced  nest  exposed.  Heat 
forming  grade  of  Panelyte  was  formed  and  attached  to 
cylindrical  side  to  act  as  a  guide  for  horizontal  router  bit. 
Dilccto  furnished  a  guide  for  the  horizontal  router  bit  on 
the  other  side.  Being  cheaper,  it  was  used  because  no  form- 
ing was  necessary. 

The  bottom  was  made  of  Masonite  with  Kirksite  embed- 
ded for  guiding  the  pin  router.  Masonite  will  chip  when 
used  for  guides ;  on  the  other  hand,  Dilecto  could  have  been 
used,  eliminating  the  necessity  of  the  Kirksite  in  critical 
wearing  areas. 

(  clastic  backed  with  mahogany  comprises  the  hold-down. 
Since  this  tool  was  made,  it  has  been  discovered  that  Fiber- 
glas laminate  adapts  itself  to  this  type  equally  well  and  is 
less  expensive  to  fabricate. 

These  plastics  made  possible  the  fabrication  of  a  tool, 
which  when  used  in  conjunction  with  the  routers,  opened 
a  new  and  faster  method  of  trimming  the  part  shown.  Pre- 
viously the  part  was  hand  trimmed  with  an  overpress  tem- 
plate used  as  a  pattern.  The  part  is  now  trimmed  complete 
on  this  one  tool. 

Laminates — Colloid-Treated,  Fabric-Base 

Celastic  is  the  trade  name  of  a  colloid-treated  fabric, 
whose  composition  is  cotton  flannel  impregnated  with  a 
mixture  of  pyroxylin  (cellulose  nitrate  in  a  solvent)  and  a 
fire  retardant.  The  treated  fabric  is  semi-stiff,  like  card- 
board, and  resembles  heavy  blotting  paper  in  appearance. 

When  a  solvent  is  applied,  such  as  ethyl-acetate  or  any 
pyroxylin  solvent,  or  a  covert  solvent  discovered  by  Lock- 
heed's Manufacturing  Research  Plastics  Group,  it  becomes 
soft  and  pliable,  and  may  be  shaped  quickly  and  easily  to 
any  contour.  In  as  little  as  25  min,  but  preferably  over- 
night, it  will  gain  rigidity  if  the  pyroxylin  solvents  are 
used,  the  solvent  evaporates  leaving  the  Celastic  in  the 
formed  shape.  Using  the  covert  solution  it  will  gain  rigid- 
ity in  3  to  10  hr  of  oven  curing  at  170°  F.  The  latter 
solvent  polymerizes  rather  than  evaporating,  thus  adding 
strength  to  the  Celastic.  Shrinkage,  which  occurs  when 
other  solvents  are  used,  is  eliminated.  This  factor  is  of 
paramount  importance  in  building  certain  types  of  tools,  for 
example,  drill  plates. 

Celastic  adheres  to  any  material  including  metal.  Cello- 
phane, which  adheres  to  Celastic  but  not  to  other  materials, 
is  used  as  a  parting  medium. 

Laminating  involves  the  simple  operations  of  submerg- 
ing the  sheets  in  the  solvent  and  laying  successive  sheets 
one  upon  another  until  the  desired  thickness  is  obtained. 
Metal  bushings,  hinges,  etc.,  may  be  fitted  in  their  respec- 
tive positions  during  the  operation. 

Slight  pressure  is  applied  and  the  laminate  is  baked  to 
polymerize  the  solvent.  When  cured,  it  is  impossible  to 
delaminate,  and  edges  do  not  chip. 

The  material  is  hard  and  rigid,  light  weight  (one-sev- 
enth the  weight  of  steel )  and  has  very  good  strength  quali- 
ties. The  coefficient  of  thermal  expansion  nearly  parallels 
that  of  aluminum.  Initial  shrinkage  and  aftershrinkage  are 
nil.  It  is  non-magnetic  and  non-metallic ;  oil  and  water  have 
no  effect  on  it,  but  common  solvents  do.  Sheet  Celastic 
may  be  cut  like  cloth  with  ordinary  scissors  or  tin  snips. 
Laminated  Celastic  may  be  sawed,  drilled,  filed,  tapped  and 
lightly  sanded. 

Operations  performed  in  making  a  drill  plate  of  this  ma- 
terial are  fully  explained  in  Fig.  3.  These  operations 
are  basic  and  the  operations  are  similar  for  all  applications 
which  include  hold-down  plates  and  drill  plates. 

The  tool  shown  in  Fig.  4  is  an  example  of  an  actual  tool 
in  production  use,  a  formed  router  block,  consisting  of  a 
wooden  nest  block  with  phenolic-face,  Celastic  hold-down 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


For  a  quarter  of  a  century, 

Emeloid  has  steadily  widened 
the  scope  and  range  of  its  many  plastic  services 
until  today,  in  one  of  America's  most 

completely  equipped  plastics  plants,  we  offer  a 
variety  of  skills  and  facilities  that  combine  to  produce  parts 
or  products  .  .  .  better,  faster,  more  economically. 

An  Emeloid  25th  Anniversary  blotter  pad — attractively 
lithographed  in  color  and  embossed — will  gladly  be  tent  on  request. 


THE    EMELOID    CO.,  INC.  Arlington,  N.  J. 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


49 


Operational  Sequence  (A  to  0) 
Followed  in  Fabricating  a 
Tenite  II  Tool  Used  to 
Make  Sheet  Metal  Products 


A 


A  plaster  shell  is  taken  from  the 
master  tooling  model  to  obtain  the 
desired  contour  in  the  part,  mak- 
ing allowances  for  draft  and  other 
factors  to  facilitate  removal  of 
the  finished  tool  from  sand  mold 


PLtdTCK      TDOLINC,     PATTCfH 
H4SX 

MOWING   SAND 


B 


The  plaster  pattern  is  placed  in  wood  flask, 
sand  packed  solidly  around  it;  bottom  boards 
are  nailed  to  the  flask  top  to  form  a  bottom 
when  the  flask  is  reversed,  enabling  pattern 
removal.  Sprues  in  sand  permit  pouring  met- 
al at  lowest  section  and  without  mold  damage 


C 


Metal  is  poured  into  mold,  solidifies, 
and  the  casting  is  shaken  from  the 
sand.  After  it  has  been  sand-finished, 
bottom-leveled  and  checked  with  con- 
tour templates  taken  from  master  mod- 
el, the  casting  becomes  a  female  die 


D 


A  thermoplastic  ("Tenite  II")  punch  and 
drawring  are  cast  directly  to  the  die.  After 
punch  and  ring  are  sawed  apart,  backing 
plates  attached  and  the  whole  assembled, 
it  becomes  a  double-action  draw  die 


E 


After  the  die  is  set  up  in  a  double-action  press 
and  sheet  metal  parts  formed,  one  of  the  parts 
is  trimmed  and  drilled  per  design  for  use  as 
a  sample  part  in  fabricating  a  plastics  formed 
router  block,  a  drill  jig  and  gage  template 


plate,  plywood  base,  Dilecto  bottom  guide  plate,  steel  and 
maple  wood  accessories.  Formed  sheet  metal  part  is  nested 
and  held  in  position  showing  how  excess  flange  was 
trimmed. 

This  item  featuring  the  Celastic  hold-down  weighs  only 
one-seventh  as  much  as  a  steel  hold-down  of  the  same  size. 
It  follows  the  contours  of  the  part  perfectly,  whereas  a 
steel  hold-down  would  only  contact  the  part  in  spots,  be- 
cause it  is  very  difficult  to  heat,  form  and  weld  steel  to 
contours  with  an  exacting  fit. 

The  fabricating  department  estimated  that  8  manhours 
were  expended  in  making  the  Celastic  hold-down  and  that 
it  would  have  taken  approximately  20  manhours  to  make  a 
conventional  steel  hold-down. 

In  constructing  a  scribe  jig  a  wooden  nest  block  faced 
with  thermosetting  casting  resin  was  placed  on  a  plywood 


base,  using  Dilecto  clamp  pads  and  a  laminated  Celastic 
hold-down.  The  prominent  part  of  this  tool  is  the  double- 
purpose  Celastic  plate,  which  serves  to  hold  the  part  in 
position  while  the  edge  of  the  plate  acts  as  a  guide  for  the 
scribe. 

The  fabrication  department  estimated  that  9  manhours 
were  expended  in  making  the  plate,  and  that  a  steel  jig 
would  have  taken  approximately  18  manhours.  The  Celas- 
tic plate  holds  the  part  more  perfectly  and  is  less  likely  to 
scratch  the  sheet  metal  parts. 

Flexibility  is  the  surprising  property  of  Fiberglas.  This 
is  because  the  fibres  are  incredibly  thin  in  relation  to  their 
length ;  steel  is  rigid  in  a  thick  short  piece,  but  when  heated 
and  drawn  into  a  long  thin  wire,  it  becomes  extremely 
flexible.  The  same  is  true  with  glass. 

Fiberglas  tapes  were   originally   developed   as  a  basic 


50 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


-••"  pHtia| 


651B5 


' — 


APRIL  1945 


51 


COPE-  Sri/Knee  wee) 


C4RDBOMO 
'SIN 
METAL    PAKT 


'£S//V 
UOODEM  Ct\ 

PLYWOOD   BASE  \ 
DILECTO 


G 


Thermosetting  casting  resin  is  poured 
into  the  space  between  core  and  part 
thru  sprues.  The  casting  is  cured,  be- 
coming part  of  the  core,  is  cleaned 
and  lacquered.  Phenolic  provides  a 
face  for  the  core.  Block  is  mounted  on 
plywood  base;  clamps  are  installed 


H 


A  formed  router  block  nest 
is  constructed  of  (top  to 
bottom)  phenolic  face,  wood 
core,  plywood  base  and  "Di- 
lecto"  bottom  with  slot  to 
guide  pin  router.  The  trim 
lines  are  roughly  scribed 
on  an  untrimmed  part  pre- 
viously formed  in  double- 
action  die.  using  the  sam- 
ple part  made.  Trim  lines 
are  used  to  determine  the 
edge  of  the  nest  block.  Then 
a  wood  core  is  shaped  to 
the  approximate  contour 
of  the  untrimmed  part. 
Dowels  suspend  lacquered 
part  about  3s"  from  core. 
Lacquered  cardboard  is  put 
around  space  between  core 
and  part.  Cracks,  corners 
are  sealed  with  plaster. 
This  forms  a  closed  mold 


Four  to  six  layers  of  "Fi- 
berglas"  cloth  are  cut  to 
approximate  size  of  un- 
trimmed part  used  in  de- 
veloping the  nest  block. 
The  part  is  lacquered  on 
the  surface  opposite  from 
the  face  used  to  obtain 
contour  for  nest  block, 
since  hold-down  will  be 
applied  to  sheet  metal 
part  on  that  surface.  As 
lacquer  dries,  plastics 
mix  is  prepared  as  previously  described,  except  less  filler  is  added  and 
covert  shrinkage  inhibitor  is  used.  "Fiberglas"  sheets  are  painted  with 
resin  on  one  side  and  lacquered  surface  of  part  is  covered  thinly  with 
resin  to  assure  smooth  surface  on  hold-down.  Nert.  as  shown  above,  "Fiber- 
glas" sheet  is  laid  on  part,  resin-side  to  resin-side,  and  smoothed.  Then 
next  sheet  is  laid  on,  etc.,  until  4  or  6  layers  are  laminated,  using  mod- 
erate hand  pressure  to  eliminate  air  bubbles.  Clamps  are  unnecessary.  The 
assembly  is  baked  in  an  oven  for  about  4  hr  at  170°  F  to  set  the  resin. 
After  baking,  hold-down  is  removed  from  untrimmed  part  and  trim  lines 
are  scribed  on  it,  using  sample  part  as  template.  Hold-down  edges  are  then 
band-sawed  about  Vs"  inside  trim  line  to  permit  router-bit  clearance 


A   sheet   of   paper-base   laminate,   such   as   "Dilecto"   is   fit 
to  plywood  base  on  nest  block;  secured  with  wooden  screv 
"Dilecto"     has     enough     abrasion     resistance    t  o     withsta. 
wear    from    guide    pin    or    pin    router.      Next,    a    hold-doij 
is    made    to    hold    part    in    position    while    being    routed, 
this    case,    it    is    made    of    laminated    "Fiberglas"    ck 
which    has    been    bonded    with    a    thermosetting    reH 


Hold-down  is  clamped  on  the  nest  block  to  as- 
sure perfect  coordination.  After  the  "Dilecto" 
sheet  is  attached,  trimmed  sample  part  is  pc~ 
sitiond  on  the  block  and  the  hold-down  on 
the  part,  and  securely  clamped.  Using  the 
trimmed  part  as  guide,  a  slot  is  routed  in  the 
"Dilecto"  bottom  to  guide  tool  around  the 
router  bit,  thus  trimming  sheet  metal  parts  uni- 
formly. The  tool  is  now  a  formed  router 
block,  and  is  inspected  by  employing  it  to 
trim  untrimmed  part  used  in  making  the  tool 


fabric  for  electrical  insulation;  however,  their  high  tensile 
strength,  and  resistance  to  temperature,  moisture,  most 
acids,  oils  and  corrosive  vapors  have  proven  them  to  be 
an  excellent  structural  base  for  plastics  laminates. 

Fiberglas  fibres  possess  the  greatest  tensile  strength- 
weight  ratio  of  any  commercial  material  either  occurring 
in  nature  or  synthesized.  Fibres  averaging  .00023"  in  di- 
ameter are  reported  to  have  a  tensile  strength  of  more  than 
250,000  psi. 

To  laminate  the  cloth,   it   is   impregnated  with   a  cast 


phenolic  resin,  such  as  Baker's,  and  baked  to  harden  the 
phenolic. 

The  cloth  will  not  shrink,  stretch  or  swell  with  moisture 
changes,  because  each  of  the  fibres  is  a  tiny  glass  rod  with 
no  cellular  interstructure;  subsequently,  when  it  is  impreg- 
nated with  Lockheed's  formula  of  Baker's  Casting  Resin, 
which  has  a  shrinkage  inhibitor  included,  no  shrinkage  or 
swelling  takes  place,  because  the  glass  rods  do  not  absorb 
moisture. 

The  resin-impregnated  cloth  may  be  shaped  to  any  con- 


52 


PLASTtCS 


APRIL  1945 


CLUTCH  HEAD  users  have  the  answer  to  this  question  .  .  .  for  that  is  how  they 
measure  the  economy  and  efficiency  of  screw  driving  on  their  assembly  lines. 

The  explanation  of  this  unequalled  "high-score"  driving  is  simple.  It  lies  in  the 
ruggedness  and  design  of  the  Type  "A"  Bit.  This  ruggedness  is  self-evident  and  is 
made  possible  ONLY  by  the  mating  design  of  the  Clutch  recess.  This  means 
stamina  to  stand  up  through  a  longer  driving  spell,  free  from  tool  change  inter- 
ruptions .  .  .  speeding  up  the  production  tempo  and  rolling  up  the  record  of  thou- 
sand upon  thousand  of  extra  screws  per  bit. 

Note,  too,  that  the  driving  score  of  this  bit  is  multiplied  time  and  time  again 
because  it  may  be  repeatedly  restored  to  original  efficiency  by  a  60-second  appli- 
cation of  the  end  surface  to  a  grinding  wheel. 

Other  special  features  incorporated  in  CLUTCH  HEAD  Screws  con- 
tribute importantly  to  greater  safety,  higher  production,  and 
lower  costs.  We  invite  your  personal  investigation  of  these 
and  will  send  you,  BY  MAIL,  package  assortment  of  CLUTCH 
HEAD  Screws,  sample  Type  "A"  Bit,  and  illustrated  Brochure. 


Being  operative  with  an 
ordinary  screwdriver  or 
any  flat  blade  of  reason- 
ably accuratewidth,  this 
is  THE  ONLY  MODERN  SCREW 
that  simplifies  your 
field  service  problems. 


Note  the  straight-walled 
Clutch  matched  by 
straight-sided  driver  for 
square  engagement,  elimi- 
nating" ride-out"  tendency 
with  hazard  of  slippage  as 
set  up  by  tapered  driving. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     1.  NEW  YORK   7 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


53 


CLAY 


CARDBOARD 


CCLLOPHAUE 
DRILL  ROD 

BUSHING 
CLAMP 


M£5T  tiLOCK. 


K 


Now  a  drill  jig  is  made  with  phenolic-faced  nest  (formed  in  same 
manner  as  router  block  nest),  and  a  double-purpose  "Celastic"  drill 
plate,  which  holds  preformed  part  while  bushings  guide  drilling. 
Drawing  shows  plaster  impression  being  taken  from  preformed  un- 
til mmed  part  to  apply  compression  to  "Celastic"  while  it  is  curing 


L 


Holes  are  drilled  in  nest  block,  using  sample  part 
as  guide,  to  hold  and  locate  drill  bushings  until 
regular  bushings  can  be  secured  to  "Celastic."  Cel- 
lophane is  placed  over  part.  Sheet  "Celastic"  is  cut 
to  fit  block,  with  holes  allowed  for  bushings 


c£ LAST ic  SHEET? 


After  4-6  "Celastic"  sheets  are  dipped  In  covert  solvent  to 
render  them  pliable,  they  are  laminated  on  lacquered  part 
hinge  edges  nesting  between  layers.  Cured  "Celastic"  bonds 
bushings  and  hinges  securely  to  it.  Sheet  cellophane  on  "Ce- 
lastic" keeps  it  from  adhering  to  plaster  pressure  pad 


0 


Lastly,  after  the  assembly  is  removed  from  the  oven,  the 
pressure  pad,  clamps  and  other  attachments  are  removed 
and  excess  flange  is  band-sawed  off  the  hold-down.  The 
drawing  illustrates  the  use  of  this  completed  plastics 


The  plaster  pressure  pad  is  positioned  on  the  cellophane 
.  I  and  pressure  applied  with  "C"  clamps.  The  assembly,  includ- 
N  ing  nest  block,  sample  part.  "Celastic"  and  pad,  is  placed 
ll  in  oven  for  3-10  hr  at  about  170"  F  to  solidify  solvent  and 

convert   "Celastic"   laminate   into   a  hard,   rigid   material 

tour  or  contours.  When  the  phenolic  is  cured,  the  lami- 
nate is  slightly  flexible;  however,  it  may  be  made  rigid  by 
using  a  wooden  backing  where  practical. 

Applications  of  this  low  pressure  laminate  have  been 
limited  to  hold-down  fixtures  for  formed  router  blocks, 
combination  horizontal  router  blocks,  scribe  jigs,  and  shaper 
saw  jigs. 

The  applications  may  be  very  similar  to  those  of  Celastic; 
however,  comparing  a  comparable  number  of  layers,  Fiber- 
glas  is  slightly  flexible,  whereas  Celastic  is  rigid  within 
itself.  Fiberglas  or  Celastic  should  replace  steel  almost  ex- 
clusively for  hold-down  fixtures  used  in  conjunction  with 
tools  containing  contours. 

"Fiberglas"  vs  "Celastic" 

In  the  initial  stages  of  development,  the  outstanding  ad- 
vantage of  Fiberglas  over  Celastic  lies  in  the  simplicity 
of  operations  required  to  build  up  a  laminate.  Although 
the  methods  will  vary  with  different  types  of  tools,  the 
method  used  for  making  a  hold-down  fixture  reinforced  with 

(Continued  on  page  111) 
54  APRIL  1945 


America's  Fine  Furniture  and  Interior  Paneling . . .  made  &&%,  Ptcu&Mt 


TJI-RMANENCE  of  its  exceptional  strength 
•!•  is  an  outstanding  feature  of  Plaskon  Resin 
Glue.  This  new  resin-type  glue  is  immune  to 
the  destructive  forces  of  moisture,  dryness, 
bacteria,  fungi,  and  age.  It  holds  flat  wood 
areas  and  joined  surfaces  with  a  grip  so  power- 
ful and  permanent  that  warping,  splitting, 
cracking  and  peeling  are  eliminated  under 
even  the  most  exceptional  service  conditions. 

The  homes  of  tomorrow,  in  every  price  range, 
will  have  furniture,  paneling,  plywoods,  pre- 
fabricated units,  and  other  wood  products  of 
new  beauty,  long  life  and  extra  service  because 
manufacturers  will  use  permanent  Plaskon 
Resin  Glue  in  large  quantities.  It  is  delivering 


exceptional  performance  in  many  war  appli- 
cations such  as  assault  boats,  wooden  aircraft, 
life  rafts,  ponton  boats  and  treadways,  and 
other  highly  essential  products. 

Permanent  Plaskon  Resin  Glue  offers  you 
exceptional  manufacturing  and  sales  advan- 
tages in  old  and  new  products.  Our  experienced 
field  men  will  gladly  help  develop  your  plans. 


PLASKON  DIVISION 

UIIEY  •  0 WfNS  •  FORD  CUSS  CO. 
2106  Sylvan  Av«nu» 

Tol.do  6,  Ohio 

Canadian  Agent x 

Canadian  InduitrUi,  Ltd. 

Montreal.  P.  O. 


PLASKON 


RESIN   GLUE 


HVCON 


«EQ.   TRADE    MARK 


is  now  available  for  Commercial  application— at  pressures  to  3OOO  p.s.i. 


4*1 


2.25   GPM  at  1 8OO  RPM  in  two  types 


Furnished  direct  motor  drive  or  for  base  mounting 

Quiet—  Compact 


and 


on 


420  LEXINGTON   AVENUE.   NEW  YORK   17,  N.  Y.     •      FACTORIES:  WATERTOWN,  N.  Y. 


Ground  wires  are  attached  to  all  lacquer  drums  stored  or  be- 
ing  used   thruout   the  Roxalin   plant   to  prevent   static   sparks 


Chemicals 
at  Work 


(Lit 


t/n 


Technical  Assistant  to  Plant  Manager 
Roxalin  Flexible  Finishes 


er&on 


Safety  Is  on  a  Par  with  Men, 
Materials  and  Engineering  as 
A  Major  Factor  in  the  Well- 
Planned  Production  Program 


THE  effectiveness  of  a  fire  prevention  program  cannot 
be  measured  by  a  yardstick  calibrated  in  dollars  and 
rents.  Because  human  life  is  the  most  important  considera- 
tion, any  program  outlining  the  steps  to  be  taken  should 
cover  all  possible  dangers  that  might  exist  in  the  industrial 
plant.  This  is  especially  true  in  the  protective  coatings  in- 
dustry, where  the  very  nature  of  the  many  compounds  used 
requires  the  utmost  intelligence  in  handling. 

Instruction  of  personnel  is  one  of  the  basic  require- 
ments. Giving  comprehensive  information  to  plant  man- 
agers, superintendents  and  foremen  is  necessary  so  that 
they  in  turn  may  clearly  educate  the  worker.  New  em- 
ployes must  be  educated  immediately  to  existing  hazards 
and  what  will  be  expected  of  them  in  the  observance  of 
protective  measures.  Constant  vigilance  on  the  part  of 
management  is  necessary  in  order  to  counteract  negligence 
and  carelessness. 

The  control  of  static  electricity  can  be  exercised  by  see- 
ing that  all  mixing  tanks,  solvent  lines,  motors,  machinery 
and  storage  tanks  are  equipped  with  ground  wires  con- 
nected to  a  water  pipe  which  has  its  termination  in  the 
ground  and  not  at  a  tank.  The  use  of  ground  wires  should 
be  enforced  when  emptying  one  container  into  another. 
The  contact  points  of  ground  wires  must  be  kept  clean  and 
securely  fastened  at  all  times. 

The  protective  coatings  industry  falls  into  the  Class  I, 
Group  D,  classification  which  provides  for  the  use  of  Un- 
derwriters- Approved,  explosion-proof  electrical  equipment. 
Thi-.  equipment  should  have  routine  inspection  to  see  that 
all  grounds,  connections  and  switches  have  not  deteriorated. 

Close-up  view  ol  the  ground  clamp  placed  on  lacquer  drums 
to  prevent  static  spark  Irom  igniting  lacquer  as  it  is  poured 

APRIL  1945  PLASTtCS 


izardous  atmosphere  detector  and  ana- 
r  used  to  determine  the  amount  of 
jerous  fumes  coming  from  mixing  vats 


Worker  demonstrates  one  of  many  blank- 
ets located  throughout  the  Roxalin  fac- 
tory for  use  when  clothing  catches  fire 


Shatterproof  extension  lamps  are  used 
to  examine  vats  containing  highly  flam- 
mable lacquers  going  thru  mixing  stage 


Sparks  in  fume-laden  areas  are  a  factor  contributing  t 
explosions  and  fires.     Eliminating  these  explosive  mml 
lions  may  be  accomplished  by  providing  forced  ventil.-ni,, 
and  equipment   for  testing  the  condition  of  the  air  in  trj 
working  area.    Blowers  and  fans  equipped  with  explosior 
proof  motors  and  with  properly-located  switches  will 
much  to  withdraw  fumes  that  hover  close  to  the  floor 
the  top  of  mixing  tanks  or   in  empty  drums.     Period!, 
check-up  on  the  condition  of  the  air  at  any  point  of  oper 
tion  is  easily  made  by  instruments  which  show  at  a  glan. 
any  toxic  or  explosive  hazard.     Also  helping  to  eliminat 
this  condition  are  non-sparking  tools  and  shoes.    The  inno 
cent  operation  of  removing  the  bung  from  a  drum  of  solver, 
with  an  ordinary  steel  wrench,  or  the  scuffing  of  tin  hee 
of  a  shoe  with  exposed  steel  nails  may  result  in  disaster 

These  precautions  may  be  to  no  avail  if  the  worker' 
cleanliness  is  such  that  it  invites  trouble.     Clothes  shoul 
have  frequent  laundering  and  then  be  treated  with  a  fin 
proofing  process.     It  is  the  company's  duty  to  see  that  i 
workers  are  always  cleanliness-conscious. 

A  safe  area  approved  by  the  State  Labor  Departme 
should  be  provided  for  smoking.  This  should  be  conver, 
lently  located,  but  not  so  as  to  endanger  the  safety  of  th 
manufacturing  area.  The  worker  should  be  taught'to  rea 
ize  that  the  craving  for  tobacco  is  no  excuse  for  the  <H 
posure  of  human  life  to  mortal  danger. 

Emergency  Measures 

Responsibility  does  not  cease  with  the  steps  taken  fo 
fire  prevention.  If  a  fire  does  occur  we  should  be  prepare 
to  handle  it  systematically  and  intelligently  with  the  leas 
lost  time.  The  orderly  evacuation  of  a  building  is  accom 
plished  by  a  well  planned  system.  Time  studies  during  fir 
drills  should  be  considered  to  determine  where  changes  fo 
improvement  can  be  made.  Drills  are  important  so  tha 
everyone  knows  exactly  what  is  expected  of  him  in  tlij 
event  of  an  emergency.  Alarm  signals  used  should  be  sucl 
that  they  cannot  be  confused  with  the  work  day  whistle 
Sirens  operated  by  air,  steam  or  electricity  are  recouii 
mended  because  their  high  pitch  can  be  detected  over  manj 
manufacturing  noises.  A  good  signal  system  would  in 
cate  the  floor  of  the  building  on  which  the  fire  has  occurs 
A  group  of  plant  personnel  may  be  selected  to  act  as 
(Continued  on  page  115) 

Showers  like  this  are  installed  at  frequent  intervals  thruout 
the  plant,  also  to  stop  personnel  fires.    Note  the  large  ring 

PLASTICS  APRIL  194 


>N  TTUflE 


Drawings  by  Julian  Krupa.  Plastics'  Art  Depatlmenl 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of   Plastics   Applications  to  Post-War  Products 

(PLASTICS  welcomes  designers'  contributions  to  this  department) 


U>ec  •  le  or  melami 


in  the 


Plastics 
Industry 

Its  Growth  Spurred  by  the  War, 
Plastics  Offers  Many  New  Jobs  to 
Satisfy  Urgent  Post-War  Demands 


IT  IS  really  within  the  last  15  years  or  so  that  the  pla 
tics  industry  has  grown  to  national  importance.  J 
1930  the  United  States  Department  of  Labor  had  est 
mated  that  there  were  about  30,0(XI  workers  in  this  tieli 
by  1939  this  figure  had  grown  to  91,000  and,  by  1943, 
requirements  and  scarcity  of  other  materials,  boosted  it  t 
500,000.  After  V-day  the  industry  is  expected  to  increas 
the  number  of  employees  still  further.  One  leading  plastic 
materials  producer  expects  to  employ  some  40,000  men  an 
women  to  manufacture  synthetic  fabrics  alone  when  civi 
ian  production  is  resumed  once  again. 

"The  plastics  industry"  is  a  general  term  which  has  bee 
applied  to  several  different  fields.  It  includes  the  mam 
facture  of  plastics  materials  such  as  synthetic  resins,  casei 
and  cellulose  compounds  in  liquid,  powder,  flake,  sheet,  roc 
tube  or  other  unfabricated  forms.  It  includes  the  mam 
facture  of  rayon  and  other  synthetic  yarns;  the  impreg 
nating  and  coating  of  various  materials ;  the  fabrication  an 
molding  of  plastics  products. 

Since  the  plastics  materials  industry  is  part  of  the  chem 
cal  industry,  plastics  being  made  from  such  basic  organ 
chemicals  as  phenol,  acetone,  and  nitro-cellulose  compounc 
operations  in  plants  making  these  materials  are  similar 
those  in  the  average  chemical  plant.  Unskilled  worke 
are  common,  since  many  of  the  mixing,  rolling,  blendin 
and  grinding  processes  are  machine  operations  which  ca 
be  learned  in  a  short  time.  Fully  one-fifth  of  the  occup 


Drs.  D.  T.  Mowry  and  Reid  Fordyce.  discoverers  of  Monsanto's  new  "Cerex,"  shown  here  checking  a  distillation  temperature 
in  the  Dayton  laboratories,   exemplify  the  chemists,   whose    unceasing   efforts   make   plastics   synonymous   with   progress 


T 


• 


-i.^ 
m 


/ 


'/. 


PRODUCT 


PRODUCT 


.  ,.0.«CT.OH 


DESien  SERVICE  Co. 


mi, 
l<ool  (r)-nat*tt**A*- 


3    WILLIAM    STREET  NEWARK    2. 

MARKET    2-431O 


COMPLITI  Ot&ION  SERVICE 


40  EXCHANGE  PLACE          NEW  YORK  5. 
HANOVER  2-776S 


APRIL  194.-> 


65 


ANALYSIS  OF  PRINCIPAL  PLASTICS  OCCUPATIONS 


Plastics  Materials 

Duties 


Train- 
Ing 
Tim** 


Wag* 
Rotas 


Autoclave  Operator 
(Male) 


Banbury  Milt  Operator 
(Male) 


Celluloid    Roll    Oper- 
ator 

(Also  known  as  Cell- 
uloid Roller,  Cell- 
ulotd  Roll  Man, 
Celluloid  Man — 
Male) 

Chemist 

(Research  Chemist, 
Development 
Chemist,  Organic 
Chemist,  Chemical 
Engineer  —  Mate 
or  Female) 

Continuous  Drier 
Operator 
(Male) 

Dehydrator 
(Male) 


Densifier 
(Male) 


Glue  Mixer 
(Male) 


Granulating  Machine 
Operator  (Mate  or 
Female) 

Gronulator  Operator 
(Mate  or  Female) 


Kettle  Operator 
(Mate) 

Kneading  Machine 
Operator 
(Mole) 

Laboratory      Cureman 
(Laboratory   Mill- 
man,    Cureman, 
Laboratory  Com- 
pounder — Male) 


Charges,  operates  and  un* 
loads  a  high  pressure  vessel 
used  in  the  manufacture  of 
chemicals  for  plastici  materials. 
Regulates  amount  of  chemicals 
used,  pressure,  temperature 
and  time  of  machine  operation. 

Operates  a  type  of  grinding 
mill  equipped  with  two  spiral 
rolls  operating  in  opposite  di- 
rections in  an  enclosed  case  in- 
to which  plastics  ingredients  are 
fed. 

Operates  machine  which 
mixes  various  materials  to  pro- 
duce cellulose  acetate  in  sheet 
form.  Adds  specified  quantity 
of  camphor  and  coloring  mat- 
ter and  dumps  into  machine. 
Regulates  machine  to  mix  mate- 
rials and  roll  to  desired  gage. 

Performs  research  on  mate* 
rials  and  processes  in  the  pro- 
duction of  various  plastics.  May 
analyze  procedures  and  mate- 
rials and  develop  new  ap- 
plications. 

Tends  a  hot-air  drying  ma- 
chine which  dries  various  plas- 
tics materials  by  conveyor  belt 
system. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
reduces  the  moisture  content 
of  plastics  materials  to  required 
percentage. 

Operates  a  centrifugal  type 
machine  which  mixes  and  den- 
lifles  dry  or  liquid  resins  or 
other  plastics  with  various 
fillers. 

Prepares  hot  or  cold  ad- 
hesives  in  a  steam  jacketed 
vessel  equipped  with  mechan- 
ical agitators.  Weighs  out  in- 
gredients and  adds  required 
amount  of  water. 

Feeds  raw  materials  into 
hopper  of  machine  which  grinds 
them  into  granulated  or  pow- 
dered form. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
grinds  lump  or  flake  plastics  to 
powder  form. 

Produces  various  plastics  ma- 
terials by  polymerizing  compo- 
nent solutions  in  reaction  kettles. 


Feeds  various  ingredients  in- 
to hopper  of  machine  which 
mixes  and  kneads  them  into 
required  density. 

Mills,  tests  and  cures  samples 
of  synthetic  rubber.  Uses  plas- 
tometer  to  test  plasticity  of  un- 
cured  stock.  May  also  test  for 
volatile  matter  by  determining 
weight  loss  resulting  from  dry- 
ing. 


II   up 

75c-$l 
90c-$1.25 

Open 

75c-$l 
75-90c 
75-90c 

75c-JI 

65-85c 

oSc-oSc 
75c-$l 
75c-$l 

SI. SI. 25 


Extrusion  is  a  major  occupation  in  the  industry.     Here 
we   see   it   applied   to   polyethylene   cable   insulation 


TIM* 


Duties 


Train- 
Ing 
Tim* 


Wag* 
Rates 


Materials  Analyst 
(Assistant  Chemist, 
Laboratory  Tech- 
nician, Labora- 
tory Assistant — 
Male  or  Female) 


Mill  Operator 
(Male) 


Mixer  Operator 
(Male) 


Mixing  Machine 
Operator  (Male 
or  Female) 


Physical   Tester 

(Laboratory  As- 
sistant, Solids 
Tester — Male  or 
Female) 


Synthetic  Resin  Operator 
(Mole) 


Makes    quantitative    and  A  Depends 

qualitative    analyses    of    raw  to  on' 

materials  to  determine  whether  E  skill 

they  meet  chemical  and   phys-  involved 

ical  specifications.  (May  be 
highly  skilled  occupation,  but  in 
many  plants,  this  job  has  been 
reduced  to  simple,  routine  test- 
ing which  may  be  mastered  in 
a  week.) 

Mixes  ingredients  in  a   ball  B  85c-$l.25 

mill  to  form  plastici  materials 
according  to  specifications. 

Operates   a    machine   which  0  75c-$l 

mixes  and  densities  various  in- 
gredients to  make  up  plastics 
materials. 

Operates  a  tumbler  like  or  D  65-90c 

centrifugal  type  machine  with 
counter  moving  paddles  which 
thoroughly  mix  ingredients  into 
desired  plastics  compounds. 

Tests  physical  properties  of  A                   Depends 

materials.       Gages    materials,  to                       on 

determines   tensile     strength,  E                       skill 

modulus,  hardness,  etc.  May  be  involved 
limited    to   only    one   of   these 
tests. 

Tends     automatic     or    semi-  C  75c-S  1 

automatic  equipment  which  con- 
trols the  chemical  reactions  by 
which  synthetic  resin  is  pro- 
duced. 


lions  in  this  field  may  be  learned  in  a  month  or  less,  and 
another  three-fifths  may  be  learned  in  3-12  months. 

The  remaining  20%  of  the  workers  in  this  industry — a 
comparatively  high  percentage — consists  of  professional 
workers  such  as  organic  chemists,  chemical  engineers, 
mechanical  and  industrial  engineers,  accountants  and  physi- 
cists. The  jobs  for  the  chemists  and  chemical  engineers 
are  research  positions  for  the  most  part,  although  some  in- 
clude administration  and  production  duties.  Most  of  the 
engineering  occupations  involve  the  maintenance  of  build- 
ings and  equipment,  the  improvement  of  production  tech- 
niques, development  of  safety  devices  and  new  materials. 
Many  of  the  lesser  chemist  jobs  are  held  by  women. 

The  manufacture  of  rayon,  cellophane  and  allied  prod- 
ucts is,  in  reality,  a  phase  of  the  plastics  materials  industry, 
but  because  of  its  tremendous  importance  in  the  national 
economy,  we  have  listed  it  as  a  separate  field.  The  bulk 
of  the  jobs  in  this  industry  are  semi-skilled  occupations 


*  A=2    years    and    longer,    B=l-2    years,    C=6-I2    months.    D=3-4    months 
and    E=less  than   3   months. 


that  will  take  6  to  12  months  to  learn.  Much  of  the  wurk 
is  light  and  sedentary  and  is  performed  by  women. 

The  impregnating  and  coating  of  textiles,  paper  and 
other  materials  is  generally  performed  for  purposes  of 
water-,  fire-,  mold-  or  gas-proofing,  or  merely  for  decora- 
tive reasons.  Here,  too,  most  of  the  occupations  are  semi- 
skilled and  take  6  to  12  months  to  learn.  Because  so  much 
of  the  work  is  heavy,  however,  involving  working  with 
huge  rolls  often  weighing  several  hundred  pounds,  few 
women  have  been  employed  in  this  field. 

The  fabrication  and  molding  of  plastics  products  is  the 
basic  field  popularly  known  as  the  plastics  industry.  For 
the  most  part,  where  machining  operations  are  to  be  done, 
the  same  occupations  exist  as  are  found  in  the  ordinary  ma- 
chine shop.  We  shall  not  attempt  to  discuss  such  machin- 
ing operations  in  this  study,  for  there  is  little  difference 
between  the  occupational  level  of  the  screw  machine  opera- 
tor who  works  on  Litcite  and  the  one  who  works  on  steel. 
We  have  limited  ourselves  throughout  this  study  to  those 
occupations  which  are  unique  in  the  plastics  industry.  Thus, 


66 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


THIe 

Outlet 

Train- 
Ing                  Wag.                                     Ml. 
Time               Rote* 

Train- 

Duti.l                                     ,ng 

Wag. 
Rot«j 

Synfhetk  Retln  Oper- 

Tends various  automatic  and 

B                 90c-$l.30 

Coater 

ator 

seml-outomatk      machines      to 

(Coating       Machine 

Operates    a     machine     that                C 
forms  o  transparent  wrapping 

(Chemical         Oper- 

control the   chemical  reactions 

Operator  — 

material  from  cellulose  acetate. 

ator,     Cauttkiter 

producing  synthetic  resin. 

Mole) 

Regulates  operating  tempera- 

Man,  Filter   Press 

ture  of  machine,  flow  of  solu- 

Operator.    Filter 

tion,  air,  water  and  steam,  and 

Operator.  Flaker 

sees  that  supply  of  dope  Is  kept 

Man,       Hydrator 

adequate. 

Man—  Male) 

Tablet  Pre»Former 
(Male  or  Female) 

Forms    pellet    preforms    by 
pressing  powdered  plastics  In- 
to a  preforming  device. 

E                    65-85c 

Coating    Operator 
(Coating    Room 

Helper—  Male  or 
Female) 

Examines  transparent  mate- 
rial as   tt  passes  thru  tanks  and 
rollers    to    see    that    It    flows 
smoothly  and  receives  a  com- 

50-75c 

plete  waterproofing  bath. 

Synthetic  Yarns 

Cone   Winder 
(Rewlnder  —  Male 
or  Female) 

Operates  o  winding  machine               F 
to  transfer  yarn  from  bobbins, 
cokei  or   spools   to   cones  for 

50-7Sc 

shipment. 

Acetone  Recoverer 

Operates  machine  which  re- 

A                90c-$1.25 

(Acetone     Recovery 
Man  —  Mole) 

covers  acetone  vapor  after  the 
spinning  process  by  regulating 
the  temperature  of  the  cooling 

Copper 
(Cop   Winder, 
Tuber,  Tub. 

Operates  o  winding  machine                 E 
to  transfer  yarn  from  bobbins, 
spools,    etc.,    to    cops    (paper 

SO-7* 

unit. 

Winding  Machine 

tub.t). 

Operator  —  Male 

Acid  Mixer 

Makes  up  solution  of  various 

B                 80c-$1.10 

or  Female) 

(Acid  Weigher,  Acid 

acids,  salt  and  other  ingredients 

Worker,    Acid 
Correct  ion  Man  — 

for  bath  used  in  spinning  pro- 
cess to  coagulate  viscose  fila- 

Correction Man 
(Bath    Mixer,    Bath 

Mixes    various    chemical*   to                B 
form  both  solution  used  to  co- 

sck.n.io 

Male) 

ments. 

Attendant,       Co- 

agulate   filaments    in    cupram- 

agulating  Man  — 

monigm,  nitrocellulose  and  vis- 

Acid   Patrolman 

Regulates    the    flow    into    a 

B                 80c-$UO 

Male) 

cote  methods  of  making   syn- 

(Bath   Attendant, 

trough    of    bath    solution    pre- 

thetic yams. 

Spinning    Both 

pared  by  acid  mixer  in  order 

Man) 

to  coagulate  extruded  viscose 

Cotton    Washer 

Places  cotton  (inters  in  tubs               E 

SO-7Sc 

filaments.  Often  combined  with 

(Cotton   Cleaner, 

for  washing.  May  remove  (int- 

job of  acid  mixer. 

Laborer  —  Mole 

ers  after  washing  process. 

or  Female) 

Bobbin   Drier 

Operates    drying    room    or 

E                    50-75c 

(  Drier     Operator  — 

machine  which  dries  bobbins  full 

Cotton   Wringer 

Places  washed  cotton  (inters                E 

50-75< 

Male  or  Female) 

of  washed  rayon  or  other  syn- 

(Wr ing  .  r  m  a  n  — 

in    wringer    to    partially    dry 

thetic  yarn. 

Male) 

them.  Also  removes  (inters  and 

trucks    to    wherever    needed. 

Bobbin  Inspector 

Examines    bobbins    of    syn- 

E                   50-75c 

(Yarn    Inspector    — 

thetic  yarn  for  broken  threads 

Counter 

Counts    sheets    of    synthetic                 E 

S0-75c 

Female) 

and  other  flaws.  May  also  sort 

(Checker—  Male   or 

material  before  sending  them 

according  to  quality. 

Female) 

on  to  be  cut  to  size.     Keeps 

record  of  stock  counted. 

Bobbin   Washer 

Takes  bobbins  from  spinning 

6                    50-75c 

(Washer,  Washmon 

machines  and  places  them  on 

Desulphurizer 

Dipt  skeins  of  thread  in  tubs                C 

75c-SI 

—  Mole     or     Fe- 

racks of  automatic  washer.  May 

(Mai.) 

of   a   chemical   solution   to  re- 

male) 

also  regulate  washer. 

move  the  sulphur.    This  Is  done 

by  hand   where   washing,   de* 

Box   Tender 
(Spinning       Depo. 

Is  responsible  for  the  proper 
operation   of   the   machines   in 

A              $1.25-$1.75 

sulphurizing,      bleaching      and 
drying  are  separate  processes. 

ment        Foreman, 

the  spinning  department.  Makes 

In  many  plants  he  will  operate 

Machine    Repair- 

adjustments and  repairs  when- 

a   machine   which   will   do   all 

man  —  Male) 

ever  necestory.    Often  super- 

these things  in  one  continuous 

vises  the  machine  operators  in 

process. 

their  work. 

Dipper 

This  occupation  exists  where                 E 

50-7Sc 

Coke  Boy 
(laborer.  Trucker  — 
Male) 

Moves  cokes  of   yarn  from 
place  to  place  as  directed. 

E                    65-85c 

(Washer—  Male    or 
Female) 

there  are  no  washing  machines 
used.     Worker    merely    hangs 
the  skeins   m   tubs   of  washing 

solution. 

Coke  Drier 
(Drier     Operator  — 
Male  or  Female) 

Similar  to  bobbin  drier,  ex- 
cept that  he  works  with  cakes 
instead  of  bobbins. 

E                    50-75c 

Drier  Operator 
(Drier,  Dry  ing  -Room 
Operator  —  Mole) 

Hangs  bobbins  or  skeins  on                E 
pole*  or  stkks  in  drying  cham- 
ber,   or    on    endless   chain   of 

65  85c 

Cake  Inspector 
(Inspector  —  Male  or 

Examines  cokes  of  yarn  for 
broken  strands  and  other  flaws. 

E                    50-75c 

drier.  Also  removes  yarn  and 
may   deliver  to   next  position. 

Female) 

Removes      excett       of       loose 

Drum  Operator 

Watches  yarn  as  it  is  wound               E 

50-75c 

thread. 

(Male  or  Female) 

on  o  drum  by  machine  to  tee 

Cake   Washer 

Removes     the      ring-shaped 

D                   65-85c 

that    it    It    wound    evenly    and 
without  breaks. 

(Washer.  Washman 

cake    of    synthetic    yarn    from 

—Mole) 

bucket  or  pot  where  it  hat  been 
automatically     piled     by     spin- 
ning   machine,   wrapt   cake   in 
cloth    and    hangs   on    rack    of 

Dry-End  Operator 
(Male) 

Tends  drying  end  of  casting                C 
machine    in    which     sheet    of 
synthetic     material     it     made. 
Controls   thickness   of    material 

7*c-$l 

washing  machine. 

by  regulating  temperature,  set 

Cake   Wrapper 

Wraps  cakes  of  synthetic  yarn 

D                    50-85c 

of  rollers,  etc.  Also  Inspects  for 

(Wrapper  —  Male 

In  doth  to  protect  the  threads 

quality. 

or  Female) 

during    the   steaming,   washing 
and  drying  processes. 

Edger  Man 
(Trimmer  —  Mole    or 

Piles  sheets  of  material  even-               E 
ly  and  runs  th.m  thru  o  machine 

SO-7S< 

Coke    Wring  erman 

Operate*        a        centrifugal 

D                   65-85c 

Female) 

which  trims  them  evenly. 

(Wringer  Operator 
—  Male) 

wringer  to  partially  dry  caket 
of    synthetic    yarn    that    have 

Filter  Changer 
(Filter      Cleaner  — 

Cleans  sediment  from  Alter               D 
that    strains    synthetk    solution 

7Sc-tl 

and  may  truck  them  to  workers 
In  other  department!. 

Male) 

just  before  It  it  spun  Into  fila- 
ments for  thread. 

Costing    Room    Oper- 
ator— (Male) 

Manipulate!  valves  of  ma- 
chine regulating  flow  of  viscose 
solution    Into    acid    both    that 

C                 90c-$l.l5 

Filterman 
(Filter     Cleaner  — 
Male) 

Operates    a    filter    press    to                C 
remove    foreign    matter    from 
viscose     solution;     also     tends 

7*-». 

coagulates   it   into   a    sheet  of 

vacuum    tanks    which    remove 

film  for  transparent  wrapping 

bubbles  from  solution. 

material.  May  supervise  one  or 

more  helpers. 

Inspector 

(Sorter,    Checker  — 

Examines    finished    material                C 
for   Imperfectiont   before   H   Is              to 

J0-90c 

Chemkal    Deportment 

A  general  worker  in  a  de- 

C                  50-85c 

Male) 

packed  for  shipment.                                  E 

Worker 

partment  where  row  material  it 

(Chemical      Worker 

treated  chemically  to  produce 

Jet  Man 

Cleans  gummy  residue  from                D 

40-90c 

—  Mate     or     Fe- 

spinning solution,  is  shifted  from 

(Spinneret    Cleaner 

spinnerets  to  prevent  clogging 

male) 

one  operation  to  another. 

—  Mole    or    Fe- 

of    tiny     holes      in     spinnerets 

male) 

through  which  solution  is  forced 

Chum  Man 

Operates  o  mixing  machine 

C                  65-85c 

in  formation  of  synthetic  yarn*. 

(  Churn  «r,      Barrarte 

which  mixes  carbon  dtsulphide 

Operator,    Churn 

and   alkali  cellulose  crumbs  to 

Laboratory  Tetter 

Prepares    and    photographs               A 

91  if 

Operator,   Mixer 

produce  cellulose  xonthote. 

(Male  or  Female) 

microscope   slides   of   synthetk 

Man  —  Mole) 

threads  for  analysis. 

Al'RIL  1945 


1'I.ASTICS 


67 


Injection  molding,  also  a  basic  job,  is  made  safe  by  screens 
which  must  be  in  place  before  the  machine  can  be  operated 


Title 


Duties 


Train- 

ing  Wage 

Tim*  Rates 


Lacing   Cutter 
(Female) 


Maintenance  Mechanic 
(Male) 


Materials  Analyst 
Pump  Tetter  (Male) 


Recovery 
(Mole) 


Operator 


Reeler 

(lacer,  Skelner, 
Reeling  Operator 
—  Male  or  Fe- 
male) 

Ripening     Room     Op- 
erator 
(Cellulose      Ripener 

— Male) 


Cuts  synthetic  threads  to 
lengths  of  about  a  yard  long 
and  ties  the  threads  of  skeins 
together  with  them  so  they  will 
not  tangle.  ^  —  _ 

Keeps  machinery  and  me- 
chanical equipment  in  good  re- 
pair. Dismantles  machines  to 
gain  access  to  defective  parti 
of  machines.  Repairs  parts, 
using  hand  or  machine  tools. 
Reassembles  machines. 

See  description  under  Plas- 
tics Materials  Manufacturing 
Occupations. 

Checks  viscose  pumps  to  see 
whether  they  ore  properly  ad- 
justed or  repaired  after  main- 
tenance mechanic  has  worked 
on  them.  Records  time  required 
to  draw  off  measure.  In  some 
plants,  this  job  is  combined  with 
that  of  maintenance  mechanic. 

Re-treats  material  which  has 
been  rejected  because  of  some 
defect.  Dumps  Into  vats,  reg- 
ulates temperature  and  adds 
whatever  chemicals  may  be 
necessary. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
reels  synthetic  thread  from 
calces  to  skeins. 


Tends  tanks  in  which  collulose 
is  aged  prior  to  being  pro- 
cessed into  yarn  or  other  mate- 
rial. Regulates  temperature  in 
the  tanks. 


E  50-75c 


A  J1.25-J1.75 


A  90c-$l.?5 


B  90c-JI.15 


C  65c-$1 


C  75c-$1 


Title 


Duties 


Train- 

'ing 

Tim* 


Wag* 
Rates 


Roll  Carrier 

(Laborer— Male) 


Shoveler 

(Aging  Room  Hand, 
Aging  Hand, 
Crumb  Packer — 
Male) 


Shredder  Operator 
(Male) 


Skein  Drier 

(Drier — Male  or  Fe 
male) 


Skein   Washer 
(Male  or  Female) 


Slitter 

(Cutter— Male) 


Soda   Dialyier 
(Male) 


Solution  Maker 
(Male) 


Sorter 

(Inspector,  Croder, 
Classifier  —  Fe- 
male) 


Spinner 

(Funnel  Man — Mole 
or  Female) 


Spinning  Both  Man 


Spinning   Bath 
Patrolman 


Spool  Carrier 
(Trucker — Male) 


Moves  rolls  of  material  from 
department  to  department  by 
means  of  a  hand  truck,  an 
electric  truck  or  a  handcar 
mounted  on  tracks. 

Shovels  pulp,  in  the  form  of 
alkali-cellulose  crumbs,  into  1 0- 
gal.  tanks  for  aging  purposes. 
Closes  and  marks  cans  with 
date  and  hour  of  packing  and 
stacks  in  storeroom.  In  more 
modern  plants  this  operation  is 
all  done  automatically. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
chops  sheets  of  alkali  cellulose 
or  other  material  into  crumbs. 

Hangs  skeins  of  yarn  on  rods 
that  are  carried  automatically 
through  a  drying  chamber.  May 
regulate  temperature  of  the 
drier. 

Hangs  skeins  on  rods  in  wash 
machine  where  boiling  chlor- 
inated water  washes  and 
bleaches  the  thread.  Often 
combined  with  job  of  skein  * 
drier. 

Operates  machine  which  cuts 
sheets  of  material  to  desired 
sizes. 

Tends  several  tanks  into 
which  the  liquid  containing 
caustic  soda  is  piped  in  order 
to  remove  the  caustic  soda. 
Regulates  discharge  of  pure 
soda  and  feeds  more  solution 
into  tanks  as  required. 

Dissolves  cakes  of  cellulose  in 
a  solvent  by  breaking  up  the 
compressed  cakes  of  cellulose 
acetate  and  adding  it  slowly 
to  the  solvent  in  Hie  miiing 
tank. 

Sorts  sheets  of  materials  into 
various  grades. 

Inspects,  grades  and  sorts 
skeins  of  yarn  before  they  ore 
packed.  Checks  for  lumps, 
breaks  and  other  flaws. 

Operates  a  spinning  machine 
which  forces  liquid  cellulose 
solution  through  fine  holes  into  a 
solidifying  bath  then  winds  the 
solidified  filaments  into  a 
thread. 

Regulates  the  mixing  and 
flow  of  an  acid  bath  solution 
by  machine. 

Controls  the  flow  of  co- 
agulating solution  to  troughs  in 
which  viscose  or  other  spinning 
solution  is  coagulated  into  cell- 
ulose filaments. 

Transports  spools  where 
needed  by  hand  truck. 

(Continued  on  page  123) 


65-85c 


65-85c 


«5-90c 


50-85c 


60-9c 


65-90c 
85c-$l.l5 


65-85c 


30-70c 

60-eoc 


65-90c 


85c-$l.20 


B5c-S1.20 


65-83c 


no  mention  is  made  of  jobs  such  as  hand  truckers  or  ac- 
countants, which  are  applicable  to  hundreds  of  different 
industries. 

Occupations  vary  greatly  from  plant  to  plant,  depending 
on  the  size  of  the  company,  the  materials  worked,  the  adapt- 
ability of  the  worker  and  the  techniques  and  methods  de- 
veloped by  supervision.  In  one  company,  for  instance,  a 
man  might  spend  all  of  his  time  mixing  pigment;  in  another 
he  may  also  be  operating  a  shredding  machine.  Similarly, 
a  shredder  operator  at  one  plant  might  perform  his  job 
substantially  different  from  the  manner  in  which  a  shredder 
operator  works  in  another  plant.  In  discussing  the  accom- 
panying job  listings,  we  have  tried  to  picture  plastics  occu- 
pations as  they  exist  today  in  most  companies  throughout 
the  country,  without  delving  into  individual  plant  differ- 
ences. It  is  possible,  too,  that  an  occupation  we  might 
show  under  one  name  may  be  known  as  something  entirely 
different  at  some  companies.  To  offset  this,  we  have  tried 


to  include  under  an  occupational  title  all  of  the  different 
names  by  which  it  may  be  known. 

In  setting  up  the  accompanying  table  of  occupations,  we 
have  listed  in  four  columns  the  titles  by  which  a  job  might 
be  known,  the  duties  involved  or  a  brief  description  of 
what  the  job  is,  the  amount  of  training  time  necessary  to 
achieve  moderate  efficiency,  wage  ranges  and  whether  the 
occupation  is  normally  performed  by  men,  women  or  both. 
Wage  ranges  shown  are  based  on  those  prevailing  for  these 
jobs  in  the  Chicago  area;  in  those  cases  where  occupations 
do  not  exist  in  the  Chicago  area,  ranges  for  comparable 
skills  were  given.  These  wage  rates  do  not  include  over- 
time, piece  work  or  other  bonus  pay. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  both  these  training  periods  and 
wage  rates  may  be  out  of  line  as  far  as  individual  plants 
may  be  concerned.  For  the  most  part,  however,  they  are 
fairly  accurate  and  may  be  taken  as  representative  of  the 
industry  as  a  whole  in  the  base  area.  END 

ft  t   1  «  VI  f  «  APRIL   1 9  i:> 


SMOOTH,  RAPID  CUTTING 

of 

PLASTICS  •  PLYWOODS 
LAMINATES  •  WOOD 


Saran  up  to  3"  thick  cut  at  the  rate 
of  IS  to  30  sq.  in.  per  min. 

Saran   Tubing,    '2"    to   4"    diam.   at 
rate   of   .03   to   .12    minutes   per   cut 

Zephyr  slices  through  Butyl 

like   a  knife   going   through 

cheese 


Especially  designed  to  cut  the  new, 
tough  materials,  the  Zephyr  is  speed- 
ing through  work  in  war  plants.  And, 
these  light-weight  materials  are  here 
to  stay — will  be  used  for  thousands 
of  civilian  products. 

The  Zephyr  cuts  them  as  easily  as  the 
Black  Widow  zooms  through  flak-in- 
fected skies. 


Right  now  and  in  the 
future,  the  Do  ALL 
Zephyr  can  take 
away  your  cutting 
worries. 

The  Inside  Story  of  Zephyr 
in  pictures,  sent  on  request 


DoALL 


On 
Rapids,  Hartforr  -ipohs  Los  Angeles 

Providence,  Rochester,  Rockford,  St.  Louis,  San  Francisco, 


CONTINENTAL   MACHINES,    INC. 

1382  S.  Washington  Ave.       •       Minneapolis  4,  Minn. 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


69 


Blow  Molding-  Opens 
Opportunities  to  Plastics 


Effect  of  blow  molding  sheet  cellulose  acetate  or  polystyrene 
while  uniformly  softened  by  heat  and  edges  clamped  between  a 
ring  and  cover.  The  sheet  becomes  a  hemisphere,  the  stretch- 
ing resulting  in  the  decrease  in  thickness  shown.  Final  wall 
thickness  is  expressed  in  percent.  Continued  blowing  would 
produce  the  expanded  shape,  with  severe  thinning  at  bottom 


u. 


/T 


Vice-President 
Plax  Corporation 


Capable  of  Forming  Shapes  Which 
Are  Difficult  to  Produce  by  Other 
Processes,]  This  Method  Has  Great 
Possibilities  If  Rapid,  Low-Cost 
Manufacture  Can  Be  Attained 


RECENT  radical  developments  in  the  art  of  molding 
hollow  articles  by  using  fluid  pressure  have  opened 
many  new  and  interesting  possibilities  for  expanded  use  of 
this  technique  in  the  plastics  field.  Although  it  is  an  old 
art,  blow  molding  has  been  so  improved  that  molders  with 
an  eye  to  the  future  would  do  well  to  investigate  it  thor- 
oughly, but  with  careful  attention  to  the  many  problems  in- 
volved in  applying  it  successfully. 

Because  it  permits  the  fabrication  of  items  possessing 
unusual  shapes,  difficult  to  form  by  other  processes,  blow 
molding  promises  to  expand  the  field  of  applications  for 
plastics  considerably,  provided  its  technique  is  mastered  and 
properly  applied.  In  addition,  it  produces  surfaces  of  ex- 
ceptionally smooth  internal  finish.  Molds  required  for  blow- 
molding  can  be  made  of  such  materials  as  cast  iron  and 
aluminum,  and  others  which  are  relatively  inexpensive  to 
purchase  and  shape. 

Blow  molding  may  be  roughly  classified  into  three  gen- 
eral fields : 

(1)  THE  INDIRECT  METHOD. — A  rod,  sheet  or  tube  is 
blanked  out,  reheated  and  blown  to  final  shape. 

(2)  THE  DIAPHRAGM  METHOD. — Recently,  preforms  are 
built  up  from  pieces  and  blown  to  final  shape  behind  a  rub- 
ber diaphragm.    This  method  is  commonly  used  to  build  up 
laminated  structures  in  which  the  flow  is  almost  zero,  and 
is  commonly  known  as  "bag  molding."    This  process  is  not 
the  "blow  molding"  described  here,  and  is  therefore  omit- 
ted.   One  variation  in  which  a  rubber  diaphragm  is  held  in 
contact  with  the  plastics  and  blown  with  it,  thus  controlling 


70 


PLASTiCS 


APRIL  1945 


This  Prescription  lor  War-Paper 


was  rate 


Paper  becomes  the  deciding  factor  of  success  or  failure  in  many  products. 
For  instance:  A  product  made  according  to  a  prescription  approximating  the 
above,  had  stood  up  for  years  in  normal  prewar  service.  But  when  certain 
new  war  weapons  made  additional  demands  on  this  product,  it  failed. 

The  paper  part  of  the  product  proved  to  be  the  cause  of  the  failure.  Proper 
adjustment  in  processing  the  paper,  re-writing  of  the  prescription  and 
establishment  of  proper  controls  to  attain  the  maximum  limit  of  one  of  the 
ingredients  (formerly  ignored),  prevented  further  failures.  MOSINEE  thus 
made  another  valuable  contribution  to  the  war  effort. 

Engineering  MOSINEE  to  work  better  in  your  processing  or  packaging 
equipment  and  re-writing^f  your  paper  prescription  may  be  the  answer  to 
success  for  your  product.  Consultation  oetween  your  technicians  and  Mosinee 
engineers  can  be  arranged  without  obligation,  at  your  convenience. 


Pltmt 

your  Itllrr 
" Alitalia*  t>tft.  I  " 


PAPER  MILLS  COMPANY 


MOSINEE 


WISCONSIN 


APRIL  19ir> 


71 


Fig.  3A 


Fig.   3B 


Direction  of  approach  of  the  sheet  to  the  mold  affects  thickness  distribution.  When,  as  in  Fig.  3A,  the  sheet  is  blown 
against  a  female  hemispherical  mold,  the  approximate  distribution  of  Fig.  1  is  obtained.  If  a  male  hemispherical  mold  is 
pushed  up  into  the  sheet  which  is  held  outside  the  mold,  a  cap  clamps  the  sheet,  air  blows  it  into  tight  contact,  and  a  fair- 
ly uniform  distribution  is  obtained  with  a  tendency  to  thickness  at  the  top  of  the  hemisphere.  This  is  seen  in  Fig.  3B 


the  stretch,  is  included  as  a  legitimate  part  of  blow  molding. 
(3)  THE  DIRECT  METHOD. — Molding  powder  is  made 
plastic,  then  formed  into  an  appropriate  intermediate  shape 
and  blown  into  the  final  shape  in  a  rapid  sequence  of  opera- 
tions. 

Basic  Comparison  of  Methods 

These  three  methods  may  be  further  distinguished  by 
their  objectives.  That  of  the  first  is  to  change,  modify  or 
refine  the  shape  of  some  stock  item.  That  of  the  second  is 
the  same,  with  the  requirement  that  better  distribution  be 
obtained.  The  aim  of  the  third  is  to  produce  items  by  low- 
cost  mass  production. 

All  three  have  advantages  and  limitations  which  make  it 
difficult  to  choose  the  most  economical.  The  sequence  of 
events  in  forming  the  object  is  very  similar  in  all  cases. 
First,  the  plastics  must  be  made  soft  and  stretchable  by  heat 
and/or  solvent.  Next,  it  must  be  formed  and  solidified  against 


Fig.  4.    Approximate  distribution  obtained  when 
a  flat  sheet  is  blown  into  contact  with  a  cylinder 


the  mold.  Lastly,  it  must  be  removed  from  the  mold.  Sub- 
sequent trimming,  finishing  or  assembly  may  be  required. 

In  the  older  forms  of  blow  molding  plastics  such  as  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  toys  from  nitrocellulose  sheet,  two 
sheets  were  placed  between  the  two  mold  halves  of  a  mold 
with  a  small  air  tube  leading  between  the  sheets.  The  two 
halves  were  then  pressed  together  and  heated  while  air  or 
steam  was  blown  between  the  sheets.  The  pressure  of  the 
air  between  the  sheets  caused  them  to  blow  out  against  the 
mold  sides  as  the  sheets  softened,  and  the  pressure  of  the 
mold  halves  around  the  rim  of  the  cavity,  coupled  with  the 
heat,  caused  the  sheets  to  seal  and  thin  down  around  the 
edge  of  the  cavity.  Pressure  was  maintained  between  the 
sheets  while  the  mold  was  cooled  to  permit  removal  of  the 
plastics.  The  articles  were  then  trimmed  from  the  sheet. 

The  cycle,  which  involved  heating  and  cooling  the  molds, 
required  a  long  time.  Moreover,  there  was  always  danger 
of  warpage  of  the  expensive  molds  if  cycles  were  pushed  to 
the  limit.  Modern,  high-production  cycles,  using  hot  plas- 
tics and  cool  molds,  can  be  run  at  rates  higher  than  30 
cycles  per  minute  when  using  .010"  sheet  stock.  Unfortu- 
nately, the  utilization  of  the  sheet  stock  is  seldom  more 
than  50%,  a  cost  factor  which  cannot  be  overlooked. 

The  rubber  diaphragm  method  is  avoided  wherever  pos- 
sible on  thin,  low-cost  articles  since  the  diaphragms  do  not 
stand  up,  and  the  cycle  is  much  longer.  The  method  is  par- 
ticularly useful  in  forming  large,  heavy-gage  sheets  (%" 
to  -Hs")  where  the  requirements  are  stringent  and  cost  is 
secondary. 

The  third  (direct)  method,  being  a  mass-production  op- 
eration, is  chiefly  applicable  to  articles  such  as  bottles,  al- 
though such  large  sale  items  as  Christmas  tree  balls,  salt 
shakers,  toilet  floats,  special  collars  with  threads,  and  an 
assortment  of  specialties  have  been  made.  It  has  not  been 
possible  to  obtain  as  good  an  appearance  on  some  items  as 
can  be  obtained  by  making  them  from  sheet  stock,  and  the 
distribution  of  wall  thickness  is  not  as  perfect  in  some 
shapes.  Nevertheless,  the  variation  works  out  to  advantage 


72 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


INDUSTRIAL  CONVERSIONS 
INCORPORATED 


A    FULLY    INTEGRATED    SERVICE 

TO 

THE    PLASTICS    INDUSTRY 


PRODUCT  ANALYSIS Investigation  and  evaluation  of  new  designs. 

Analysis  of  prospective  materials,   processes 
and  methods  of  manufacture. 

PRODUCT  ENGINEERING       ...      Design,  manufacturing  research,  investigation 

and  correction  of  manufacturing  difficulties. 

TOOLING A  complete  tooling  program  from  layout  to 

production. 

DISTRIBUTION Sales  engineering,   marketing   research   and 

publicity. 

COLLECTION   AND  Technical  and   Instructional  manuals,   reports 

PRESENTATION  OF  DATA     ...      and  visual  aids. 

CONTACT 

Industrial  Conversions  Incorporated 

1O1     PARK    AVENUE 
MUrroy    Hill    5-O47S  NEW    YORK    17,    N.   Y. 


APRIL  1945  P  LAST  1 1  *  73 


Fig.  5.  Mold  top  with  a 
spring-retained  cover  sur- 
rounding small  plunger. 
Soft  sheet  across  female 
mold  is  stretched  by  de- 
scending cover,  plunger  as 
at  left.  When  fully  down, 
air  blows  plastics  in  po- 
sition shown  at  the  right 


Fig.  6.  Large  plunger  pro- 
duces very  good  distribu- 
tion. Rapidly  •  descending 
plunger  causes  slight  pres- 
sure on  air  trapped  below 
sheet,  preventing  movement 
of  sheet  along  the  face  of 
plunger  and  around  curved 
lower  portion  of  the  side 


in  many  cases,  and  it  is  possible  to  make  articles  by  this 
method  cheaply  and  easily,  which  would  be  virtually  im- 
possible by  any  other  method. 

Blow  Molding  from  Sheets 

If  a  sheet  of  plastics  such  as  cellulose  acetate  or  poly- 
styrene, is  uniformly  softened  by  heat  and  its  edge  clamped 
between  a  ring  and  cover  as  in  Fig.  1,  and  air  at  the  same 
temperature  is  blown  between  the  plastics  and  the  cover 
until  the  original  flat  sheet  becomes  a  hemisphere,  the 
stretching  which  results  will  cause  a  decrease  in  thickness 
as  shown  in  black  on  the  right.  Owing  to  the  restraining 
action  of  the  ring,  the  plastics  immediately  adjacent  to  it  is 
prevented  from  expanding  radially,  and  little  change  in 
thickness  takes  place.  Shortly  below  the  ring,  the  wall  be- 
gins to  thin  down  rapidly  and  reaches  about  one-third  of 
the  original  thickness.  If  the  original  sheet  is  marked  with 
lines,  the  actual  movement  can  be  followed,  and  it  will  be 
found  that  points  on  a  diameter,  such  as  A,  B,  C,  D,  E  and 
F  will  move  along  the  lines  shown  on  the  left  to  points  A, 
B,,  C,,  D,,  E,  and  F,. 

A  hemisphere  is  the  natural  shape  taken,  and  is  the  sim- 
plest one  to  discuss.    Actual  measurements  show  final  wall 
thickness  as  shown  by  the  figures  expressed  in  percent.    The 
same  principles  apply,  however,  in  the  blowing  of  more~ 
complicated  shapes. 

If,  for  example,  blowing  were  continued  inside  a  mold 
shaped  as  in  Fig.  2,  movement  would  continue  along  the 


Fig.  7.    Objects  may  be  blown  from  shapes  other  than  sheet. 
Tubing  here  is  ready  to  be  blown  into  complicated  contour 


74 


PLASTICS 


lines  until  the  plastics  was  stopped  by  the  wall.     Friction 
would  prevent  downward  motion  along  the  wall,  and  the 
entire  portion  of  the  spherical  end  formed  by  revolving  the 
arc  A,O,  (Fig.  2)  would  be  formed  by  the  plastics  coming 
from  the  circular  portion  of  the  original  sheet,  whose  radius 
was  AO.    Obviously,  such  severe  thinning  would  have  oc- 
curred that  the  region  A,O,  would  have  no  appreciable 
stiffness  even  if  the  original  sheet  were  .015"  to  .025"  thick. 
The  above  refers  to  material  blown  and  stretched  at  con- 
stant temperature.    If  a  hot  sheet  is  blown  in  an  environ- 
ment of  considerably  lower  temperature,  such  as  the  open 
air  or  a  cold  mold,  the  sheet  loses  heat  at  a  rate  which  is 
approximately  proportional  to  the  difference  in  tempera- 
tures.    The  heat  content  of  the  sheet  is  proportional  to 
the  thickness  so  that  temperature  falls  rapidly  as  the  sheet 
thins  down,  and  its  viscosity  (resistance  to  stretching)  in- 
creases rapidly.    (Fig.  6.)    This  tends  to  prevent  the  severe 
thinning  at  the  lower  part  of  the  hemisphere  (Fig.  1)  and 
will  give  an  actual  thickness  for  blowing  in  the  open  air  of 
about  half  the  original  thickness,  instead  of  one  third.    In 
the  case  of  Fig.  2,  severe  thinning  cannot  be  prevented  and 
it  is  only  necessary  that  the  cylindrical  portion  be  long  in 
proportion  to  its  diameter  for  the  end  to  thin  down  to  use- 
less proportions. 

Figs.  3A  and  3B  show  the  difference  resulting  in  the 
thickness  distribution  which  is  due  to  the  direction  of  ap- 
proach of  the  sheet  to  the  mold.  In  Fig.  3A,  the  same  ap- 
proximate distribution  is  obtained  as  in  Fig.  1,  when  the 
sheet  is  blown  against  a  female  hemispherical  mold.  If  the 
sheet  is  held  outside  the  mold  and  a  male  hemispherical 
mold  is  pushed  up  into  the  sheet,  then  a  cap  is  pressed 
downward  clamping  the  sheet,  and  air  is  used  to  blow  the 
sheet  into  tight  contact,  as  in  Fig.  3B,  the  distribution 
obtained  is  quite  uniform  around  most  of  the  hemisphere 
and  tends  to  be  thickest  at  the  top. 

A  severe  thinning  down  occurs  where  the  hemisphere 
joints  the  flat  rim,  but  the  thinning  is  small  in  extent.  If 
the  hemisphere  is  trimmed  out,  leaving  a  narrow  rim  and 
two  such  parts  are  cemented  to  form  a  ball,  the  resultant 
will  exhibit  considerable  strength  at  all  points.  The  sys- 
tem, Fig.  3B,  has  been  found  useful  in  forming  Christmas 
ornaments. 

Fig.  4  shows  the  approximate  distribution  obtained  when 
a  flat  sheet  is  blown  into  contact  with  the  walls  of  a  flat 
bottom  cylindrical  die.  The  left  side  shows  plastics  hem- 
isphere just  before  it  contacts  the  bottom.  Thereafter,  the 
plastics  moves  along  the  arrow  lines  toward  the  corner,  as 
shown  on  the  right.  The  material  is  stopped  when  it  con- 
tacts the  mold  and  is  held  there  by  friction.  As  the  edge  is 
approached,  the  plastics  loses  thickness  rapidly,  becoming 

APRIL  1945 


very  thin.  Such  distribution  is  not  serviceable,  since  the 
edge  will  take  the  most  severe  abuse  in  service.  This  con- 
dition may  be  helped  by  a  well-rounded  edge,  but  it  is  then 
not  satisfactory  unless  the  article  requires  a  very  shallow 
draw.  This  distribution  can  be  materially  improved  by 
using  a  plunger  to  effect  most  of  the  movement  of  the  plas- 
nd  finishing  the  molding  by  blowing  it  into  tight  con- 
tact with  the  mold. 

In  Fig.  5,  the  top  of  the  mold  consists  of  a  spring-re- 
tained cover  surrounding  a  small  plunger.  The  softened 
sheet  is  placed  across  the  female  mold,  the  cover  and 
plunger  descend  with  the  plunger  extending  only  a  short 
distance  below  the  cover. 

Further  motion  forces  down  the  plunger  and  causes  the 
sheet  to  stretch  as  shown  on  the  left.  When  fully  down, 
air  blows  the  plastics  into  contact  as  on  the  right,  which 
also  shows  the  approximate  resulting  distribution.  When 
the  plunger  is  large,  as  in  Fig.  6,  good  distribution  is  ob- 
tained. In  this  case,  the  rapidly-descending  plunger  causes 
a  slight  pressure  in  the  air  trapped  below  the  sheet,  tending 
to  prevent  movement  of  the  sheet  along  the  face  of  the 
plunger  and  around  the  curved  lower  portion  of  the  side. 
The  effect  is  similar  to  that  of  Fig.  3B.  Final  blowing  re- 
sults in  the  distribution  shown  on  the  right. 

Objects  may  be  blown  from  shapes  other  than  sheet.  Fig. 
7  shows  tubing  inserted  in  a  mold  ready  to  be  blown  to  a 
complicated  contour.  The  procedure  necessary  depends  on 
the  plastics,  but  in  general,  the  mold  must  be  of  the  split 
type,  and  must  have  a  means  of  controlling  temperature,  as 
illustrated  by  the  steam  jacket.  Rubber  corks  or  other 
couplings  enable  a  pipe  to  be  attached  to  each  end  of  the 
tube.  Cup  washers  work  well  in  some  cases. 

Steam  is  admitted  into  one  side  and  blown  through  the 
tube  until  it  softens.  The  outlet  is  provided  with  a  pressure 
regulator  so  temperature  and  pressure  can  be  controlled. 
The  softened  plastics  will  blow  outward  until  it  contacts  the 
mold.  At  this  time,  air  is  admitted  to  replace  the  steam, 
thus  maintaining  the  pressure  while  the  mold  and  article 
are  cooled.  By  using  a  longer  tube  and  cup-sealing  washer 
fitting  on  the  inside,  the  tube  may  be  forced  axially  inward, 
thus  helping  to  fill  the  large  cavities.  This  results  in  better 


Fig.  8.   Variable  thickness  diaphragm  controls  plastics  stretch 


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PLASTICS 

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»     20    40    60    80   100  120  140  160  180  200  UD  240  260  SO  30 

TEMPERATURE  orpTAWCS  Cd 

)       1       2       3      4      5      b      7      8      9      10     II      12     13     14      1! 

TEMPERATURE  OF  &.ASS  i*c  *  io-I) 

Fig.   10.    Viscosity  temperature  curves  and  working  range 
lor   polystyrene,    acetate   and    a    lime    glass   composition 

APRIL  1945  PLASTICS 


Fig.  9.  Manufacturing  process  of  Christmas  tree  balls. 
When  mold  halves  close  about  extrusion,  they  pinch  the 
bottom  preventing  plastics  from  blowing  out.  Portion 
of  neck  is  pinched  out  so  that  air  pressure  is  forced  in 


distribution.  Under  certain  conditions,  the  tube  may  be 
preheated  in  steam,  inserted  in  the  mold  and  blown  to  size 
without  changing  mold  temperature.  Movement  might  be 
limited  in  some  cases,  but  such  plastics  as  polyethylene  can 
be  cold-blown  to  size  if  not  too  great  changes  are  required. 

Instead  of  using  internal  pressure,  the  mold  may  be  con- 
nected to  a  vacuum  pump  through  its  vents,  and  hot  tubes 
sucked  up  against  the  mold.  Here  it  is  necessary  to  expand 
the  end  of  the  tube  by  some  means  to  prevent  the  ingress  of 
air  at  the  ends.  Conformity  to  mold  contour  is  not  usually 
as  good  as  when  internal  pressure  is  used,  but  the  system 
permits  long  sections  of  tubing  to  be  heated,  part  by  part, 
and  formed  in  sections  which  are  later  cut  apart. 

In  some  cases,  it  becomes  necessary  to  force  the  plastics 
to  take  a  shape  which  it  cannot  be  made  to  do  by  any  of  the 
above  means.  One  solution  to  the  problem  is  to  use  a  rub- 
ber diaphragm,  whose  thickness  varies  inversely  with  the 
stretch  wanted.  The  thin  portions  stretch  easily  while  the 
thick  may  be  made  virtually  non-stretching  under  the  forces 
involved. 

Application  of  the  diaphragm  method  is  shown  in  Fig.  8. 
(Continued  OH  page  118) 

75 


The  Purchasing-  Agent  Speaks 

A  Word  to  the  Wise  Plastics  Producer  on 

How  His  Industry  Can  Best  Present  Its  Case  to  the  End-User 


y 


m 


President 
Lewyt  Corp. 


NOT  every  purchasing  agent  is  a  technical  genius;  yet 
many  of  them  will  probably  wish  they  had  a  doctor's 
degree  in  engineering,  when  at  long  last,  at  war's  end,  their 
company  will  begin  investigating  the  possibilities  for  meet- 
ing the  public's  demand  for  more  and  more  commodities. 

No  good  progressive  purchasing  man  is  going  to  buy  up 
a  lot  of  the  type  of  merchandise  he  had  been  buying  before 
the  war,  first  because  his  company  probably  will  want  to 
look  over  the  whole  field  before  it  goes  into  production  on 
its  old  lines,  and  secondly,  because  unless  he  was  sure  there 
was  no  advancement  in  his  industry  during  the  war,  he'd  be 
risking  his  company's  money  in  a  lot  of  obsolete  merchan- 
dise if  he  did.  Of  course,  he'd  be  safe  if  he  was  sure ;  but 
the  way  the  war  has  been  going,  it's  a  pretty  good  bet  to 
assume  that  some  advancement  was  made  in  almost  every 
field.  And,  in  many  cases,  plastics  have  played  a  large  part 
in  these  advancements,  and  with  the  war  over,  they  would  be 
diverted  to  the  more  humdrum  pursuits  of  satisfying  the 
public's  everyday  needs. 

Yet,  most  purchasing  agents  know  a  lot  less  about  plastics 
than  they  should ;  and  since  they  undoubtedly  are  working 
for  plastics-conscious  organizations,  it  might  be  beneficial 
if  we  searched  their  needs  and  tried  to  work  out  some  for- 
mula by  which  there  could  be  a  mutual  understanding  be- 
tween them  and  the  various  factors  which  make  up  the 
plastics  industry. 

After  the  laboratory  technicians,  the  design  engineers, 
and  the  production  men  have  made  their  contributions  to  a 
particular  project  for  the  utilization  of  plastics,  the  pur- 
chasing agent,  naturally,  must  buy  the  particular  plastics  to 
be  used.  It  would  seem,  therefore,  highly  advisable  for 
these  people  to  take  a  good,  long  look  at  this  new  "Plastics 
World"  of  which  so  much  has  been  heard. 

One  of  the  first  facts  that  appear  is  that  plastics  are  not 
merely  new  and  fabulous  substances.  Plastics  are,  in  fact, 
a  vast  industry  of  which  only  the  frontiers  have  been  ex- 
plored, and  almost  daily  new  far  reaching  factors  add  to  its 

76  PLASTICS 


growth.  It  is,  therefore,  rather  difficult,  although  not  im- 
possible, for  the  alert  purchasing  agent  to  be  sufficiently  well 
informed  about  plastics  to  function  as  intelligently  as  he 
should.  However,  by  accepting  the  fact  that  plastics  are  an 
industry  and  not  just  new  materials,  the  alert  purchasing 
agent  can  apply  certain  general  yardsticks  which  will  en- 
able him  to  be  of  maximum  help  to  his  company  in  its  quest 
for  the  right  plastics  to  meet  its  broad  and  varied  require- 
ments. 

Yardsticks  of  Evaluation 

As  in  any  other  industry,  four  factors  require  intelligent 
study:  (1)  the  raw  materials;  (2)  the  manufacture;  (3) 
the  engineering;  and  (4)  the  technical  skills. 

RAW  MATERIALS: — In  dealing  with  this  factor  there  are 
a  host  of  considerations  involved.  Many  plastics  materials 
have  a  number  of  characteristics  in  common,  yet  may  differ 
widely  on  a  particular  point  which  deserves  the  purchasing 
agent's  major  consideration.  For  instance:  there  might  be 
a  negligible  difference  between  the  tensile  strength  of  sev- 
eral plastics  under  consideration  but  a  wide  range  of  differ- 
ence in  their  relative  impact  strength.  Consequently,  if  the 
product  under  consideration  was  an  attractive  plastics  hous- 
ing for  an  alarm  clock,  impact  strength  would  be  the  major 
consideration  of  the  two,  since  the  stage  to  which  an  alarm 
clock  may  be  subjected  would  require  sufficient  impact 
strength  to  withstand  bumps,  knocks,  falls,  etc. 

As  in  dealing  with  iron,  lumber,  textiles,  steel,  copper, 
etc.,  there  is  a  direct  ratio  between  the  performance  or 
service  factor  of  the  product  to  be  made  and  the  character 
of  the  material  to  be  used.  Since  there  are  and  will  likely 
continue  to  be  a  wider  range  of  plastics  materials  than  most 
other  substances,  some  standard,  a  guide  or  check-chart, 
would  enable  the  purchasing  agent  to  more  quickly  find 
the  right  material.  While  it  is  not  conclusive,  a  good 
check-chart  with  regard  to  plastics  materials  might  well 
be  a  consideration  of  the  following  points : 


Specific  Gravify 
Refractive    Index 
Tensile  Strength 
Modulus  of  Elasticity 
Compressive  Strength 
Impact  Strength 
Hardness 


Thermal  Conductivity 
Specific  Heat 
Thermal  Expansivity 
Dielectric  Strength 
Dielectric  Constant 
Moisture  Absorption 
Flammability 


MANUFACTURE: — In  dealing  with  this  subject  here,  we 
refer  particularly  to  the  fabrication  of  the  raw  materials 
into  some  particular  form :  rod,  sheet,  molded  parts.  In  this 
connection  new  developments  in  the  basic  operations  are 
not  likely  to  occur  since  the  basic  operation  is  the  applica- 
tion of  heat  and  pressure  to  the  raw  materials.  Such  ad- 
vancements as  will  undoubtedly  occur,  will  come  in  the 
advance  skills  with  which  heat  and  pressure  are  applied. 
For  instance,  until  relatively  recently  injection  molding 
was  a  semi-automatic  operation  requiring  the  constant 
supervision  of  a  machine  hand.  Then  along  came  Chrysler 
with  a  method  and  a  machine  which  does  a  fully  automatic 
injection  molding  job.  Consequently,  the  time  and  cost 
(Continued  on  page  120) 

APRIL  1945 


injgeneerinq 

NOW. ..FOR  THE  AGE  OF  FLIGHT  TOMORROW 


A  postwar  sky  giant's  lightest  structural 
load  will  be  its  plastics  parts.  From  tiny  corrosion- 
resistant  fittings  and  transparent,  flexible  fuel  lines  to  colorful, 
decorative  panels,  seats  and  upholstery,  specialized  plastics 
will  give  greater  permanence  at  a  fraction  of  the  weight  of  the 
materials  they  replace. 

INGENEERING*  by  Victory  Plastics  Company  has  resulted  in  unique, 
compression-molded  plastics  laminations  that  are  adaptable  to  numerous  uses  in  the 
aviation  industry  .  .  .  And  to  other  industries  .  .  .  your  industry  . .  .  similar  applications  of 
ingenuity  to  the  creation,  design  and  fabrication  of  postwar  plastics  products  will  give  you 
advantages  over  competition.  Victory  Plastics  Company,  60  Scabbard  Street,  Hudson,  Massachusetts. 


PLASTICS     f COMPANY 


COMPRESSION          •          TRANSFER          •         INJECTION          •          LAMINATION          •          SATURATION 


APRIL  194.-> 


I*  LAST  I  <  * 


COPTNIOHT    )•<*•     VICTOMy  PlAiTiC*   CO. 

77 


Newest  among  products  made  of  vinyl  resin-coated 
fabrics  is  this  hand-painted  umbrella  of  Terson 
Voile,  a  material  developed  by  the  Athol  Mfg.  Co. 


\ 


Used  in  a  millinery  stand  or  in  a  quick- 
acting  fitting,  "Plexiglas"  shows  its  ver- 
satility by  a  broad  variety  of  appli- 
cations. The  fittings  permit  garden  hose 
lengths  to  be  joined  quickly,  while  the 
simple  design  on  the  stand  adds  beauty 


One  ol  the  more  intricate  designs  which  can  be 
molded  into  a  product  is  evident  in  this  cream 
rouge  container  of  General  Electric  "Textolile" 


Where  toughness  is  paramount,  Resistoflex  Corp.'s 
compar  answers  the  problem.  Here  we  see  it  used  to 
resist  the  wearing  effects  of  tremendous  force  gener- 
ated in  a  sand  blast  cabinet,  and  to  wind  watches  at 
the  U.  S.  Naval  Observatory  and  Hamilton  Watch  Co. 
Compar  covers  a  fool-long  paddle  in  this  operation 


The  clips  illustrated  above  have  proved  advan- 
tageous as  fasteners  for  wires,  cables  and  hydrau- 
lic lines  They  are  fabricated  with  Dow  s  "1.T 
Ethocel,"  a  tough  thermoplastic  having  shock  re- 
sistance at  low  temperatures  and  low  dimensional 
change  over  an  extensive  range  of  conditions 


Leading  edges  and 
other  contoured  aircraft 
wing  surfaces  can  be 
fabricated  from  "Cono- 
lite"  more  economically 
than  from  other  high- 
strength  materials  ac- 
cording to  Consolidated 
Vultee  Aircraft  Corp. 


Plastics'  Field  Broadened 
By  JVew  Material  Possessing 
Outstanding  Strength-Weight 
Ratio  and  Impact  Resistance 


Low-Pressure  Laminates 
Form  High-Strength  Structures 


CONOLITE — a  new  low-pressure,  high-strength  lami- 
nate developed  by  Dr.  G.  G.  Havens  and  G.  A. 
Gordon,  research  engineers  for  Consolidated  Vultcc  Air- 
craft Corp.,  at  San  Diego,  Calif.,  is  currently  being  u>ed 
to  fabricate  airplane  parts  which  are  stronger  and  lighter 
than  previously-used  duraluminum  parts. 

The  foremost  advantage  of  Conolite  is  its  high  strength- 
weight  ratio.  Although  its  specific  gravity  is  only  1.64.  it 
has  maximum  tensile  and  compressive  strengths  of  120.0' X) 
and  56,000  psi,  respectively,  and  a  maximum  modulus  01 
elasticity  of  4.7  x  108. 

Because  it  is  currently  somewhat  expensive  to  produce, 
Conolite  is  being  used  only  for  the  fabrication  of  the  more 
intricate  airplane  parts,  such  as  ducts  and  contoured  wing 
surfaces,  whose  construction  with  metals  would  require 
excessive  investments  in  time,  tools  and  labor.  This  is 
practical  because  the  new  laminate  can  be  formed  with 
greater  economy  than  any  other  high  strength  material 
currently  known  to  exist.  When  the  cost  of  Conolite  com- 
ponents has  been  reduced,  it  is  possible  that  the  laminate 
will  be  used  to  fabricate  entire  airframes. 

One  reason  why  the  material  is  particularly  desirable  in 
the  construction  of  airplanes  is  the  tendency  of  the  material 
to  deaden  vibrations.  In  a  recent  vibration  test,  the  trailing 
edge  overflap  of  a  B-24  Liberator  wing  was  molded  from 
Conolite  and  placed  on  a  vibrating  table.  Although  the 
laminated  part  was  lighter  than  a  similar  aluminum  part, 
the  overflap  showed  no  signs  of  failure  after  55  hr  of  test- 
ing. A  dural  overflap  would  have  been  completely  useless 
after  a  test  of  this  type. 

Most  plastics  laminates  have  an  undesirable  tendency  to 


ab-nili  moisture  and  deteriorate  when  subjected  to  salt 
water  and  various  other  liquids.  Conolite  specimens  have 
been  immersed  in  salt  water,  benzene,  aromatic  fuels,  and 
acetone  for  periods  ranging  from  24  to  48  hr  without  signs 
of  deterioration. 

Metal  and  fabric  airplane  wings  lose  a  certain  amount 
of  efficiency  after  prolonged  periods  of  operation  due  to 
small  scratches  and  mars  made  by  the  impact  of  small  stones 
and  other  debris  which  are  encountered  while  taking  off 
or  landing.  Conolite  wing  surfaces  are  not  subject  to  this 
loss,  because  they  can  withstand  impact  of  126  ft-lb/sq  in. 

There  are  three  types  of  Conolite,  each  consisting  of 
fibre  impregnated  with  a  thermosetting  resin.  Type  F  em- 
ploys extremely  fine  filaments  of  Fibcrglas;  type  C  is  rein- 
forced with  high-strength,  cellulose  fibres,  and  type  FC  i> 
a  combination  of  the  others.  The  laminating  resin  for 

"Conolite"  finds  ideal  application  in  intricate  ducts 


80 


APRIL  1945 


Let  AMPHENOL 


I  in  shape 


°«»wa 


;     .      .-    . 


What   material?    What   shape?    What    characteristics? 
These  are  big  questions  in  every  design  department 
and  product  engineer's  mind,  whenever  new  products 
are  discussed.  With  years  of  experience  Amphenol 
can  answer  them  for  the  wide  range  of  old  and 
new  type  plastics  applications. 

Particularly  in  the  new  science  of  electronics  are 
exact  answers  necessary  .  .  .  tolerances  very  close  .  .  . 
production  runs  very  large.   In  this  highly  specialized 
field  Amphenol  has  enjoyed  a  major  success 
climaxed  by  months  of  war  production  to  rigid  A-N, 
British  and  U.H.F.  specifications. 

When  your  plans  involve  strict  electrical 
characteristics,  high  precision  or  quantity  production, 
think  first  of  AMPHENOL  and  save  time. 

PlJItics  for  Electronics  and  Industry 
— Pirts  (or  Ridla— U.H  F.  CaMo  — 
Connectors  (A-N.  British.  U.H.F.)  — 
Conduit— Ciblt  Assemblies 

AMERICAN  PHENOLIC  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    SO,   ILLINOIS 
IN   CANADA  •  AMPHENOL    LIMITED  •  TORONTO 


A  PR  1 1.   19ir, 


PLASTICS 


81 


This  close-up  view  shows  how  "Conolite"  laminations 
are  cured  by  means  of  high-frequency  radio  equipment 

all  three  types  is  another  new  Consolidated  Vultee  devel- 
opment, designated  N13p;  it  is  made  by  combining  a 
thcrmosetting  with  a  thermoplastic  resin. 

In  most  chemical  and  physical  properties,  type  F  is 
slightly  superior  to  the  others.  However,  C  is  frequently 
used  because  of  its  extreme  stiffness.  PC  represents  a 
compromise  and  has  some  of  the  good  properties  of  both 
F  and  C. 

FibergUts  or  Partisan  fabric  may  be  used  as  received  from 
the  mills  in  making  Conolite  laminations.  However,  if  it 
becomes  contaminated  with  grease  or  dirt,  the  cloth  should 
be  thoroughly  dry-cleaned  with  a  good  naphtha  type  solvent 
before  it  is  used. 

The  fibres  are  impregnated  simply  by  passing  the  fabric 
through  a  bath  of  N13p,  which  is  usable  at  room  tempera- 
tures, and  then  between  two  rubber  squeegees  to  remove 
excess  resin.  Then  the  material  is  air-dried  for  a  period 


Physical  Properties  of  "Conolite" 

Maximum  modulus  of  elasticity 4.7  x  1 06 

Maximum  tensile  strength  (psi) 1 20,000 

Maximum  compressive  strength  (psi) 56,000 

Specific  gravity 1.44 

Curing  pressure  (psi) 10-15 

Curing  temperature  (°F) 300 

Resistance  to  ordinary  acids,  alkalies,  and  solvents Good 

Resistance  to  water,  oils,  and  cutting    compounds Good 

Maximum  Rockwell  hardness  (M-scale) 110 

Maximum  impact  resistance  (edgewise  — ft — Ib. — in2) 1 262 

Ultimate  bearing  strength  (psi) 82,000 

Resistance  to  vibrations Excellent 

Normal  color Orange 

fin'*" Smooth,  glossy 

of  24  hr,  or  oven-dried  for  a  period  of  20  min  at  a  tem- 
perature of  140°  F.  When  it  is  oven-dried,  the  fabric 
should  be  suspended  so  that  it  will  not  wrinkle,  sag  or  be 
subjected  to  dust  or  moisture. 

The  procedure  followed  in  laminating  Conolite  moldings 
varies  in  accordance  with  the  nature  of  the  parts  to  be 
fabricated  and  the  stresses  to  which  they  will  be  subjected. 
Generally  speaking,  the  lamination  should  be  such  that  all 
of  the  fabric  fibres  will  run  parallel  to  the  direction  of 
maximum  stress;  however,  it  occasionally  has  been  found 
advantageous  to  position  the  layers  of  fabric  so  that  the 
fibres  will  be  at  an  angle  to  one  another.  The  curing  may 
be  accomplished  either  in  a  vacuum  bag  or  in  a  hydraulic 
press  at  a  pressure  of  10  to  15  psi  and  a  temperature  of 
300°  F.  (+25°  or— 10°)  in  a  period  of  approximately 
30  min,  depending  on  the  thickness  of  the  laminate. 

Precautions  that  must  be  observed  in  order  to  obtain 
good  Conolite  laminations  are  as  follows: 

(1)  The  fabric  must  contain  the  correct  amount  of  resin 
to  produce  a  finished   lam'inate  containing  33%    (—7%) 
solid  resin  for  Conolite  C  and  27%  (—7%)  for  Conolite  F. 

(2)  The  resin-impregnated  fabric  must  be  stored  in  a 
scaled  container  at  a  room  temperature  of  approximately 

(Continued  on  page  116) 


"Fiberglas"  or  "Partisan "  fabric  is  passed  through  a  bath  of  "N13p"  resin,  then  between  rollers 
to  remove  excess  resin.  Tests  made  with  the  radio  apparatus  shown  indicated  that  "Conolite" 
laminated  parts  could  be  mass-produced  successfully  through  the  application  of  high  frequency 


82 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS'  Washington  Correspondent 


MOST  plastics  molders  now  realize  that  they  must  devote  their 
energies  and  facilities  to  military  production.  There  is  no 
material  and  there  is  no  machinery  for  those  who  fail  to  under- 
stand. WPB  has  let  it  be  known  that  molders  are  expected  to 
forget  any  other  work,  for  the  time  being.  It  is  doubtful  whether 
the  word  has  reached  them  quite  as  bluntly  as  it  is  written  here, 
but  the  fact  remains  that  the  molder  who  tries  to  dodge  approxi- 
mately 100%  war  production  will  not  be  able  to  get  materials 
or  equipment  to  do  any  other  kind  of  work.  The  thermosetting 
production  industry  has  been  making  100%  military  plastics  for 
some  time  past;  the  recent  pressure  has  been  exerted  on  the 
thermoplastic  injection  molders.  Obviously,  since  they  will  not 
be  able  to  secure  plasticizers  or  other  materials  unless  they  do 
work  for  the  Army,  Navy,  or  for  other  war  agencies,  it  is  logical 
that  practically  all  have  fallen  in  line.  Everybody,  in  the  plastics 
industry  as  well  as  in  other  industries,  is  beginning  to  understand 
clearly  that  the  next  six  months  are  expected  to  be  the  toughest 
in  the  war  years.  The  general  thought  in  Washington  seems  to 
be  that  from  now  until  October,  at  least,  all  supplies  and  mate- 
rials will  become  scarcer,  and  that  inventories  everywhere  will 
dwindle.  No  one  appears  to  think  further  than  six  months  ahead ; 
the  next  six  months  are  regarded  as  the  barren  months,  no 
matter  how  soon  the  war  with 'Germany  ends.  It  is  generally 
assumed  that  there  will  be  little  change  in  the  over  all  industrial 
and  economic  situation  even  then,  although  some  adjustments 
and  inevitable  or  unavoidable  temporary  slackening  of  the  pres- 
ent tightness  is  anticipated  at  that  time.  It  also  is  expected,  how- 
ever, that  the  shift  from  the  Atlantic  theater  of  war  to  the 
Pacific  will  involve  the  production  of  more  supplies,  at  least 
equal  in  volume  to  the  present  production  schedule,  and  almost 
certainly  more. 

Substitutions  Exhausted 

The  plastics  industry  has  apparently  reached  the  present  stage 
because  substitutions  have  been  exhausted  and  there  are  no  more 
materials  to  be  obtained  for  much  unessential  civilian  produc- 
tion ;  moreover,  the  shortages  are  so  acute  that  the  small  order 
exemptions  have  been  cut  to  tiny  bits  so  that  no  segment  of  the 
industry  can  longer  carry  on  civilian  production  within  the 
small  order  supply  limitations.  Apparently,  scrap  of  any  kind 
must  be  used  for  some  secondary  military  purposes  or  primary 
civilian  production,  and  so,  little  is  left  for  what,  although 
scarcely  to  be  regarded  as  luxuries,  are  so  classified;  and  the 
scrap  in  this  category  is  mainly  used  in  what  is  called  the 
"fringe"  of  the  industry.  This  category  is  explained  by  pointing 
to  the  swarm  of  small  items  which  may  be  found  in  stores,  such 
as  miniature,  plastics  animal  figures,  and  other  bibelots,  which 
are  made  of  scrap.  We  are  told  that  many  of  these  and 
similar  products  are  made  in  small  shops  by  those  who  have 
makeshift  equipment,  and  who  often  are  unable  to  do  war  work 
of  any  kind.  The  limited  production  for  urgent  civilian  needs  is 
indicated  by  the  allocations  for  March.  The  Plastics  Branch 
approved  strictly  limited  quantities  of  various  materials  for 
emulsions  to  finish  shoe  leathers;  for  components  of  medical 
instruments ;  dentures ;  spectacle  frames ;  wood  heel  covers ;  pens 
and  pencils;  also  for  electrical  parts,  safety  goggles,  printing 
plates,  ignition  parts,  farm  articles,  knobs  and  handles,  buttons, 
closures,  safety  helmets,  tooth  brushes,  lamp  bases,  and  railroad 
supplies. 

Plastics  materials  for  protective  coatings  were  permitted 
only  for  food  containers  and  electrical  insulation.  Some 
material  was  released  for  printing  inks,  a  little  for  furniture, 
laundry  and  kitchen  equipment,  and  for  some  plumbing  equip- 


ment. Almost  invariably  allocations  were  denied  for  items  such 
as  thermos  caps,  office  equipment,  dishes,  household  hardware, 
drinking  tumblers,  alarm  clocks,  soap  trays,  cigarette  cases, 
cosmetic  packaging,  electric  iron  parts,  washing  machine  parts, 
vacuum  cleaner  parts,  radio  cabinets,  fishing  reels,  trays,  camera 
cases,  and  similar  requisitions.  With  this  shrinkage  of  plastics 
for  ordinary  life  it  is  notable  that  the  National  Bureau  of 
Standards  is  making  an  investigation  into  the  complaints,  from 
consumers  and  retailers,  that  some  plastics  closures  are  imper- 
fect. It  has  been  reported  from  many  parts  of  the  country  that 
perfumes,  lotions,  lighter  fluids,  and  other  liquids,  in  containers 
capped  by  plastic  closures,  reached  the  ultimate  purchaser  with 
the  contents  reduced  considerably.  Manufacturers  of  the  products 
protest  the  closures  are  responsible  for  evaporation  and  leakage. 
No  judgment  has  been  rendered  yet  by  the  National  Bureau  of 
Standards;  other  agencies  of  Government,  competent  to  do  so, 
have  reached  the  conclusion  that  such  part  of  the  wastage  as  may 
legitimately  be  charged  to  the  closures  is  due  to  poor  craftsman- 
ship in  closure-making  including  such  imperfections  as  poor  fit, 
careless  molding,  machinery  in  need  of  adjustment,  and  in- 
different material.  The  users  of  the  closures  complain  that 
plastics  closures  split  easily  when  the  containers  are  tested  before 
they  are  shipped.  The  National  Bureau  of  Standards  is  ex- 
pected to  make  a  careful  and  wholly  impartial  test  of  any 
samples  submitted  by  packers  as  well  as  by  closure-manu- 
facturers. 

Manpower  and  Reefassificafions 

There  are  835,000  men,  between  the  ages  of  18  and  29,  who 
were  deferred  from  military  services,  for  apparently  sound 
reasons  having  to  do  with  their  importance  to  the  industry  which 
employed  them.  They  were  generally  rated  as  "key"  men 
in  their  companies. 

During  March,  ending  April  1,  these  men  came  up  for  consid- 
eration by  the  firms  which  employed  them,  and  by  the  WPB  local 
committees  and  organizations,  and  finally  by  the  WPB  Special 
Committee  in  Washington.  Out  of  the  835,000  who  have  been 
under  consideration,  255,000  will  again  be  deferred  by  their  local 
draft  boards  because  they  are  considered  by  WPB  as  absolutely 
essential  in  their  jobs.  This  leaves  580,000,  who  will  be  called 
before  their  local  draft  board  for  re-classification.  It  is  expected 
at  least  290,000  of  this  number,  (half  of  them,  or  even  more)  for 
one  good  reason  or  another  will  be  found  not  good  material  for 
the  Army.  These  men  obviously  will  again  be  exempted  and 
placed  in  2- A  or  a  similar  rating,  and  probably  will  not  be  called 
again  unless  the  contents  of  the  national  military  barrel  runs 
very  low. 

This  shaking  down  of  key  men  has  been  vitally  and  trouble- 
somely  interesting  to  the  plastics  industry  at  all  levels.  It  has 
hit  every  industry  and  every  part  of  every  industry.  It  was 
planned  that  the  average  industry,  in  direct  war  work  or  in 
essential  civilian,  should  be  able  to  retain  15%  of  its  deferred 
key  men.  Some  industries,  by  reason  of  location,  or  by  reason 
the  importance  of  their  immediate  contracts,  might  retain  as  high 
as  30%  of  their  deferred  workers.  The  method  of  winnowing 
out  the  deferments  is  now  considered  as  the  most  logical  approach 
to  the  whole  problem  of  sifting  the  essential  from  the  not-so- 
essential  workers.  When  the  warning  came  that  the  280,000 
men  must  be  taken  from  the  so-called  key  brackets  after  April 
1,  all  business  firms,  everywhere,  who  employed  men  in  the 
category  were  advised  to  secure  Special  Form  42A,  to  be  had 
either  from  WPB  local  offices  or  from  the  local  draft  boards. 
They  were  warned  to  be  certain  the  forms  'when  filed  would  not 


APKII,    I'll:, 


PLASTICS 


83 


contain  statements  that  could  not  be  supported  to  the  last  detail. 
The  forms  had  to  be  filed  with  the  local  WPB  office.  In  due 
time  the  employer  as  well  as  the  employee  was  called  in  for 
a  conference  with  the  official  in  the  local  WPB  who  could 
intelligently  gauge  the  particular  application.  This  official,  in 
consultation  with  the  local  Production  Urgency  Committee,  then 
formulated  the  decision  about  the  appeal  for  further  deferment. 
The  recommendations  were  then  sent  to  Washington,  to  the 
agency  which  would  act  as  claimant  for  deferments  of  the  men 
employed  by  the  industries  for  which  the  agency  acted  as 
claimant  in  other  relations,  such  as  CMP. 

These  claimant  agencies  are :  Rubber  Reserve  Co. ;  WPB 
Rubber  Bureau ;  Army  Services  Forces ;  Army  Air  Forces ; 
Navy  Department;  WPB;  Maritime  Commission;  Petroleum 
Administration  for  War ;  ODT ;  War  Shipping  Administra- 
tion; Board  of  War  Communications;  WFA;  Procurement  and 
Assignment  Service ;  Office  of  Scientific  Research  and  Develop- 
ment ;  Solid  Fuels  Administration ;  Scientific  and  Technical  Per- 
sonnel ;  and  a  group  for  which  no  other  Federal  agency  acts  as 
claimant,  chiefly  professional.  The  technical  and  scientific  men 
in  the  plastics  industry  came  under  the  Scientific  and  Technical 
Personnel ;  the  general  production  and  material  firms,  and  their 
men,  came  under  the  Chemicals  Bureau,  Plastics  Branch,  of 
WPB  ;  others  came  under  the  Army,  Navy,  or  other  agencies, 
for  which  they  might  be  doing  the  bulk  of  their  work. 

Numerous   Applications 

Obviously,  each  claimant  agency  received  thousands  of  appli- 
cations from  many  different  industries  which  headed  into  their 
industry  divisions.  And  logically  the  applications  were  far 
more  numerous  than  the  255,000  deferments,  which  could  be  allo- 
cated to  all  industry  of  the  United  States.  Consequently,  each 
claimant  agency  went  before  the  Special  Committee  in  Washing- 
ton, with  representatives  from  WPB,  WMC,  SSS,  Army,  Navy, 
and  some  other  agencies,  and  presented,  in  each  case,  the  bulk 
requirements  as  represented  by  the  claimant  agency  for  all  in- 
dustries under  its  wing. 

This  final  wholesale  process  was  exactly  the  same  as  the 
proceeding  before  the  WPB  Requirements  Committee  when  each 
claimant  division  appears  for  its  share  of  the  slice  of  the  metals 
to  be  allocated  under  the  CMP— Controlled  Materials  Plan.  It 
is  the  CMP  adapted  to  the  allocation  of  manpower  for  the  Army 
and  Navy.  The  Special  Committee  naturally  had  to  cut  the 
requisitions  of  each  claimant  agency  and  fit  the  final  allocations 
into  the  framework  of  the  255,000  who  could  be  dispensed  with. 
The  yardstick  which  determined  the  fate  of  the  individual  was 
the  words:  "indispensable  and  irreplacable."  The  same  general 
yardstick  applied  to  the  needs  of  the  claimant  agencies.  When 
the  results  were  finally  returned  to  the  claimant  agencies  they, 
in  turn,  processed  their  figures  and  made  similar  reduced  alloca- 
tions among  the  industries  for  which  they  were  responsible. 
Finally  the  awards,  or  allocations,  in  each  industry  were  returned 
to  each  locality,  and  the  WPB,  or  other  claimant  agency,  in  each 
locality  were  obliged  to  work  over  their  figures  in  the  same  man- 
ner. 

Thus  finally  the  original  appellant  was  advised  how  many 
men  he  had  saved,  and  who  they  were.  I  f  he  felt  aggrieved  he  was 
entitled  to  protest  to  the  State  Selective  Service  Officer,  through 
the  local  draft  board.  But  the  chances  would  be  very  remote 
that  he  could  get  a  reversal  of  all  this  proceeding. 

Phthalic  Anhydride  Restrictions 

Phthalic  anhydride  occurs  most  often  in  the  text  of  the  re- 
leases which  have  recently  been  issued  by  WPB.  The  pressing 
need  for  more  material  was  announced  in  the  statement  which 
proclaimed  that  increased  facilities  for  its  production  were  immi- 
nent. Within  a  few  days  thereafter  WPB  urged  the  printing 
and  publishing  industries  of  the  nation  to  conserve  phthalic 
anhydride,  as  it  is  used  in  four-color  process  printing  inks. 
The  allocation  was  much  reduced,  and  WPB  expected  that  print- 
ing ink  manufacturers  would  quickly  produce  substitutes  for  the 
red,  blue  and  green  shades  obtained  by  use  of  the  phthalic  anhy- 
dride. 

It  was  also  announced  that  all  phthalic  anhydride  must  be 
sold  only  under  strict  WPB  authorization,  except  for  the  10  Ib 
small  order  exemption.  Further  restrictions  were  formally  em- 
braced in  an  amendment  to  Schedule  59  to  Order  M-300.  The 
new  restrictions  tightened  control  over  purchases  of  the  resin, 
brought  coatings  under  more  control,  and  imposed  further  re- 


strictions on  the  use  of  the  material  for  a  number  of  items.  Late 
in  February  it  was  all  but  withdrawn  for  civilian  uses.  Acrylic 
monomer  and  acrylic  resin  was  placed  under  tighter  control  to 
safeguard  military  needs,  and  the  small  order  exemptions  cover- 
ing glycol  ethers,  urea  and  melamine  aldehyde  resins  were  re- 
duced almost  to  the  vanishing  point.  About  the  only  material 
that  may  be  regarded  as  comparatively  free  is  polyvinyl 
chloride.  But  it  is  almost  useless  without  plasticizers,  and  the 
plasticizers  are  so  tightly  controlled  that  practically  none  are 
available  for  any  but  the  most  urgently  essential  civilian  require- 
ments. 

Growth  of  Plastics  Industry 

The  National  Bureau  of  Standards  is  responsible  for  the  state- 
ment that  the  plastics  industry  has  increased  its  production  ten 
times  in  the  past  ten  years.  The  volume  of  synthetic  resins  is 
estimated  at  more  than  700.000,000  pounds  in  1944.  It  regards 
the  plastics  rocket-launching  tube  as  the  most  conspicuous  ac- 
complishment in  military  plastics  for  1944.  The  tube  is  de- 
scribed as  10  ft  long,  4J/2  ft  in  inside  diameter,  and  is  hung  in 
clusters  of  three  under  fighter  planes.  It  is  superior  to  steel 
and  light  metals  becanse  it  is  lighter  in  weight,  does  not  corrode, 
and  reduces  hazards  in  handling  the  rocket.  The  Bureau  also 
stresses  the  development  of  high-frequency  pre-heating  equip- 
ment, and  its  adaptation  to  solution  of  swift  molding  of  heavy 
sections,  as  another  conspicuous  achievement  of  1944.  Ignition 
parts  have  been  cured  in  1  min  instead  of  6;  propeller  blocks 
in  2  min  instead  of  12;  and  telephone  handsets  in  3  min  instead 
of  8. 

Another  marked  improvement  during  1944  was  the  adapta- 
tion of  injection  and  extrusion  molding  processes  to  thernn  Bet- 
ting materials.  WPB  announced  that  it  has  been  found  that 
plastics  forms  are  more  economical  and  save  skilled  labor  in 
fabricating  metal  sheets.  A  special  study  is  now  in  progress  to 
determine  which  of  several  plastics  materials  may  be  used  most 
effectively. 

General  Notes 

F.  H.  Carman,  General  Manager  of  the  Plastics  Materials 
Manufacturers  Association,  has  announced  the  appointment  of 
a  West  Coast  Technical  Committee  by  the  Resin  Adhesive 
Division  of  the  Association.  The  Committee  consists  of  C.  E. 
Rozema,  Resinous  Products  &  Chemicals  Co.  chairman;  John 
Stephan,  I.  F.  Laucks,  Inc.;  Hal  B.  DeWaide,  Bakelite  Corp.; 
K.  K.  Graham,  Durez  Plastics  &  Chemicals  Co.;  and  B.  IVIKv. 
Balfour  Guthrie  &  Co.  Ltd.,  representing  Catalin  Corp.  This 
action  follows  the  general  pattern  of  the  work  of  the  Resin  Ad- 
hesive Technical  Committee  in  the  east,  which  has  been  func- 
tioning for  a  year.  The  western  committee  is  expected  to 
function  most  actively  at  this  time  in  connection  with  technical 
matters  involving  the  armed  services,  Government  laboratories, 
the  Douglas  Fir  Plywood  Association,  and  individual  fabricators 
employing  resin  glues.  Material  improvement  in  testing  methods 
and  sampling  procedures  is  expected.  The  Plastics  Materials 
Manufacturers'  Association  has  launched  an  extensive  program 
for  1945  which  includes  research  surveys  in  cooperation  with  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  A  study  of  fundamental 
engineering  properties  and  methods  of  testing  adhesives  is  in- 
cluded in  the  joint  project. 

*     *     * 

Rayon  cord  has  been  prohibited  in  the  manufacture  of  small 
truck  tires,  and  is  restricted  almost  solely  to  military  and 
heavy  duty  tires  used  in  some  highly  essential  civilian  activity. 
Commerce  Department  reports  that  the  large  rayon  industry  of 
Switzerland  has  been  carrying  on  under  very  heavy  difficulties 
the  solution  of  which  is  not  in  sight.  WPB  reports  that  black 
marketing  of  genuine  Nylon  has  become  negligible,  but  that 
bogus  "nylon"  peddled  by  racketeers  is  a  very  genuine  headache. 
By  various  methods  they  surreptitiously  sell  a  very  inferior 
grade  of  rayon  as  "nylon."  Packages  have  been  seized,  marked 
"nylon,"  with  the  name  of  fictitious  manufacturers.  Nylon  has 
been  found  to  be  extremely  useful  in  making  anti-exposure  suits 
for  airmen  of  the  Services.  The  Nylon  is  coated  with  a  sub- 
stance making  it  water-tight  and  air-tight.  During  the  test. 
two  officers  were  in  freezing  water  for  an  hour,  and  then  climbed 
on  a  life  raft  where  they  remained  for  two  hours  more.  Al- 
though the  temperature  registered  15°  above  zero  the  officers 
reported  no  real  discomfort  from  cold.  They  were  garbed  in 
light  flying  clothes  under  the  Nylon  suit.  END 


84 


PLASTiCS 


APRIL  1945 


(CAPTAINS  OF 
INDUSTRY 
Plant  your  flag 
on  top,  too! 


This  year  we've  got 
to  make  2  =  3!  We've 

4  4  S      G  ^  ^  /      got  to  lend  Uncle  Sam 

$ot  t&  ntOGe  £  -5  f    fo  2  chunks  almost  as 

much  as  we  lent  last  year  in  3.  Which  means  that,  in  the 
approaching  7th  War  Loan,  each  of  us  is  expected  to  buy 
a  BIGGER  share  of  extra  bonds. 

The  27  million  smart  Americans  on  the  Payroll  Savings 
Plan  are  getting  a  headstart!  Starting  right  now  they  are 
boosting  their  allotments  for  April,  May  and  June  — so  that 
they  can  buy  more  bonds,  and  spread  their  buying  over 
more  pay  checks. 

Our  Marines  went  over-the-top  at  Iwo  Jima  in  the  greatest, 
and  hardest,  battle  in  the  Corps'  history.  Now  it's  your  turn ! 
Your  quota  in  the  7th  is  needed  to  help  finish  this  war,  side- 
track inflation,  build  prosperity.  So,  captains  of  industry, 
plant  your  flag  on  top  —  like  the  Marines  at  Iwo  Jima ! 


CAPTAINS  of  INDUSTRY—  here's  your 


if 

•k 


for  a  successful  plant  drive  : 

Get  your  copy  of  the  "7th  W»r  Loan  Com- 

pany Quotmi"  from  your  local  War  Finance 

Chairman.  Study  it  ! 

Determine    your   quota    in    E    Bond*  —  the 

backbone  of  every  War  Loan. 

Arrange  for  plant-wide  showings  of  "Mr.  & 

Mrs.  America"  —  the  new  Treasury  film. 

Distribute    "How    to    Get    There"  —  a    new 

War    Finance    Division    booklet    explaining 

the  benefits  of  War  Bonds. 

Circulate  envelopes  for  keeping  bonds  safe. 

Display  7th  War  Loan  potters  at  strategic 

points. 

And  -  see   that  a  bench-to-bench,  office-to- 

office  7th  War  Loan  canvass  is  made. 


TbeTreasury  Department  acknowledges  with  appreciation  the  publication  of  ibis  menage  by 


<K        TV 

ZIFF-DAVIS    PUBLISHING    COMPANY 

it         This  is  an  official  ('.  S.  Treamry  advertisement  prepared  under  the  am  fifes  of  Treasury  Deportment  and  Var  AJiertising  Council        it 

APRIL  194:,  PLASTICS  85 


ENGINEERING 


By  LEWIS  WINNER 

Market  Research  Engineer 

Applications  . . .  Methods  . . .  Materials 

The  "hot-spot"  problem  often  encountered  in  translucent 
screens,  in  still  and  motion  picture  projection  work,  appears 
to  have  been  solved  by  the  unique  application  of  plastics 
and  polarized  light.  The  development  recently  announced 
by  Bernard  M.  Bodde  of  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  provides  a 
screen  adapted  for  the  projection  of  still  or  motion  pictures 
on  one  side  and  viewing  or  photographing  on  the  opposite 
side.  The  screen  has  a  flexible  transparent  base  consisting 
of  cellulose  acetate,  ethyl  cellulose,  or  some  other  suitable 
plastics.  This  plastics  base  is  mixed  with  a  material  that 
crystallizes  to  form  microscopic  crystals  which  will  polarize 
light.  A  random  orientation  of  the  microscopic  crystals 
provides  random  polarization  of  light  passing  through  the 
screen.  In  this  way  the  light  rays  that  are  not  wanted  are 
halted  at  the  screen.  Mr.  Bodde  claims  that  by  stopping 
the  desired  amount  of  light  rays  at  the  screen  he  obtains 
a  sharp  picture  on  the  projection  side  of  the  screen,  as 
well  as  one  which  has  the  appearance  of  substantial  depth. 

Previous  solutions  of  the  hot-spot  problem  provided  for 
bending  of  the  unwanted  amount  of  light  rays  away  from 
the  screen,  off  the  axis  of  the  projection  line.  The  hot-spot 
usually  provides  a  higher  value  of  light  intensity  at  the 
center  of  the  screen  than  at  the  edges.  This  new  method 
is  said  to  supply  an  overall  application  of  light. 

In  preparing  the  polarizing  solution,  Mr.  Bodde  uses  6 
gms  of  quinine  bisulphate  or  other  members  of  the  qui- 
nine family  and  adds  200  cc  of  butyl  alcohol,  then  heats  and 
stirs  to  dissolve  the  quinine  until  it  becomes  viscous. 
While  the  thick  mass  is  hot,  about  an  equal  quantity  of 
approximately  2  gms  of  iodine  sulphate,  dissolved  in  40  cc 
of  ethyl  alcohol,  is  added,  mixed,  and  allowed  to  cool  until 
the  mass  has  the  consistency  of  gelatin.  Mr.  Bodde  stated 
that  the  iodine  delays  the  crystallization  of  the  quinine. 
Then  to  1%  to  2%  of  the  gelatin-like  mix  is  added 
99%  or  98%  of  the  ethyl  cellulose  or  cellulose  acetate 
screen  material  which  had  been  dissolved  in  a  solvent.  It 
is  then  mixed  thoroughly  and  sprayed  on  the  screen.  The 
first  spraying  might  have  a  thickness  of  .0001";  then  a  series 
of  thin  coatings  are  sprayed  on  in  rectangular  form,  with 
each  succeeding  spray  increasing  in  thickness  so  that  the 
coating  at  the  center  of  the  screen  might  be  .0005"  (or  five 
times  the  thickness  of  the  coating  at  the  outer  edge). 

Flexible  Coating  Formed 

Mr.  Bodde  said  that  since  the  polarized  coating  is  com- 
posed of  the  same  material  as  the  plastics  base,  it  unites 
with  the  screen  to  form  a  flexible,  transparent  coating. 

The  microscopic  crystals  increase  as  we  go  toward  the 
center  of  the  screen.  According  to  Mr.  Bodde,  however,  the 
proportions  are  such  that  the  crystals  are  separated  so  that 
light  can  pass  between  them  without  being  polarized,  such 
interstices  decreasing  in  size  as  the  thickness  of  the  crystal 
pile  increases  toward  the  center  of  the  screen.  The  light 
that  strikes  a  crystal  at  the  bottom  of  a  pile  is  polarized 
in  one  direction,  and  such  light,  on  striking  a  crystal  above 
it  which  lies  at  an  allied, angle  can  pass  through  the  upper 
crystal  in  an  amount  depending  upon  the  angle  between  the 
two  crystals.  If  they  are  at  right  angles  to  each  other, 
no  light  will  pass  where  the  upper  crystal  intersects 
the  light  from  a  lower  crystal.  Thus,  pointed  out  Mr. 
Bodde,  the  areas  in  which  the  light  is  transmitted  through 
the  coating  are  very  small  in  comparison  to  the  size  of  the 
magnified  silver  grain  of  the  picture  as  it  appears  on  the 
screen,  and  what  ever  appearance  of  grains  there  may  be  in 
a  projected  picture  is  not  increased  because  of  this  plastics 
coating. 
New  Process  Facilitates  Shaping 

Applying  plastics  masses  to  a  rubber  mill  for  sheeting, 
calendering,  or  extruding  has  always  been  quite  a  problem. 
The  usual  mixing  of  an  alkyd  resin  and  carbamide-for- 

86 


maldehyde-alcohol  is  not  satisfactory,  for  the  mixture  is  not 
readily  handled.  It  is  sticky  and  adhesive  to  mill  rolls  or 
other  surfaces.  In  addition,  even  when  these  mixtures  are 
successfully  handled,  pin  holes  and  blisters  in  the  cured 
object  introduce  material  deformities.  This  obstacle  is 
said  to  have  been  overcome  by  a  process  conceived  by 
Frank  J.  Myers  of  Philadelphia.  He  has  found  that  by  me- 
chanically working  and  simultaneously  heating  together  an 
alkyd  resin  and  carbamide-formaldehyde-alcohol  condens- 
ate, he  can  obtain  a  heat-curable,  millable,  moldable,  ex- 
trudable  and  calenderable  plastics  composition.  He  says 
that  the  resultant  plastics  mass  can  easily  be  handled  with 
conventional  equipment,  and  this  mass  may  be  mixed  with 
fillers,  pigments  or  modifying  agents.  It  is  then  possible 
to  shape  the  resulting  composition,  and  heat  to  a  point 
at  which  it  becomes  insoluble,  infusible  and  heat-noncon- 
vertible. 

Discussing  the  reaction  products  of  the  soluble  alkyd 
resin  and  carbamide-formaldehyde-alcohol  condensate,  Mr. 
Myers  said  that  by  heating  a  resin  formed  from  a  polybasic 
acid,  polyhydric  alcohol  and  a  non-drying  oil  or  fatty  acid 
with  carbamide-formaldehyde-alcohol  condensate  at  120°  to 
180°  C,  an  infusible  homogeneous  heat  non-convertible  plas- 
tics mass  of  limited  plasticity  is  formed.  Glycerin,  glycol, 
diethylene,  glycol,  polyethylene  glycol,  etc.,  can  be  used  for 
the  polyhydric  alcohol.  Polybasic  acids  include  maleic, 
adipic,  citric,  and  mixtures  of  such  acids.  To  modify  the 
alkyd  resins,  myristic,  stearic,  oleic  or  other  mixtures  "f 
fatty  acids  as  from  non-drying  or  semi-drying  oils,  or  the 
oils  themselves  such  as  those  from  cocoanuts,  castor,  cotton 
seed,  etc.,  may  be  used. 

Mr.  Myers  also  reported  that  the  reaction  products  of  oil- 
modified  non-drying  alkyd  resins  in  the  carbamide  condens- 
ates  provide  a  very  useful  class  of  insoluble  infusible 
plastics  masses  used  in  preparing  the  heat-curable  composi- 
tions of  this  development. 

Light  Weight  Plastics 

While  light  weight  and  plastics  have  been  synonymous, 
there  have  been  many  occasions  where  the  plastics  have 
not  been  as  light  as  desirable.  This  has  been  particularly 
true  with  thermosetting  plastics  using  phenol-formaldehyde 
with  or  without  a  filler.  And,  of  course,  where  reinforcing 
members  or  fillers  of  high  specific  gravity  were  included, 
the  plastics  mass  was  increased  in  weight.  Philip  S.  Turner 
of  Williamsport,  Pa.,  has  overcome  this  by  a  method  which 
provides  a  light-weight  thermosetting  plastics  that  is 
capable  of  being  reinforced  with  other  materials  of  higher 
modulus. 

The  development  also  provides  for  the  fabrication  of 
light-weight  structures  without  the  use  of  extremely  high 
pressures  in  the  curing  of  the  plastics..  Heretofore,  it  has 
been  necessary  to  use  extremely  high  pressures  and  large 
molds  for  this  purpose. 

Describing  his  process,  Mr.  Turner  pointed  out  that  in 
the  hot  curing  of  thermosetting  plastics,  water  and  other 
vapors  are  formed  and  driven  off  by  the  incident  heat  and 
chemical  reactions.  These  vapors  normally  tend  to  expand 
as  a  function  of  the  temperature  to  which  they  are  sub- 
jected. Increased  pressure,  however,  will  minimize  this 
expansion.  In  order  to  provide  plastics  free  of  bubbles 
and  blowholes,  heretofore,  very  high  pressures  were  used 
during  curing.  In  this  new  development,  the  water  freed 
as  an  incident  to  curing  is  absorbed  by  starch  granules  in- 
cluded in  the  plastics  mass. 

Explaining  this  reaction,  Mr.  Turner  stated  that  when  an 
uncured  phenol-formaldehyde  plastics  mass  is  provided 
with  from  2%  to  12%  by  weight  of  starch  granules  inter- 
mittently mixed  with,  or  suspended  on,  fibres  included  in 
the  mass,  and  that  mass  is  cured,  the  water  and  other 
vapors  formed  by  the  chemical  reaction,  together  with  the 
water  originally  contained  in  the  starch  and  resin,  cause 
the  starch  particles  to  swell  and  produce  a  closed  cell  struc- 
ture which  has  a  lower  density  than  the  weighted  average 
density  of  the  ingredients.  By  lowering  the  curing  pres- 
sure, a  lighter-weight  material  is  produced.  Also  an  in- 
crease in  the  curing  temperature  produces  lighter  mate- 
rial. Starch  swelling  is  usually  controlled  to  prevent  the 
starch  grains  from  exploding. 

APRIL  1945 


ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


1.  •   •   MATERIALS  •  •  •  FORMRITE  compounds  "M."  "E."  "R"— nonpriority  materials  which 

can  be  compounded  in  many  colors  for  a  wide  variety  of  uses. 

2.  ..TOOLING    ••••  For  temporary,  production,  duplicate  production  tooling,  for  experi- 

mental design  models,  cast  plastic  tools  can  be  used  profitably  when 

applied  properly. 

.  .  .  Our  service  can  be  obtained  in  two  ways 

(a)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  us 

(b)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  yourself  with  our  material  and  as- 
sistance 

.  .  .  Tool  applications  include:  Drill  jigs.  Keller  Models,  routing  fix- 
tures, assembly  and  checking  fixtures,  patterns,  molds,  form  blocks, 
mandrels  for  forming  plastics,  laminates  and  plywoods. 


3...  PRODUCTION 


.EXPERIMENTAL 
DEVELOPMENT.  . . 


(a)  CASTINGS  .  .  .  small  or  large,  simple  or  intricate  .  .  .  using  phe- 
nolic resins,  plaster,  Lucite.  Formrite  and  other  casting  materials  as 
prescribed . . . 

. .  .  using  a  variety  of  mold  materials  such  as  plaster,  rubber,  gela- 
tine, wax,  sample  parts  or  models  as  required  . . . 

...  for  Industry,  Scientific  and  Medical  Reproductions,  Art  Work 
and  Advertising  Displays  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions. 

(b)  RUBBER  .  .  .  facilities  available  for  processing  synthetic  and  nat- 
ural rubber  by  the  dip,  cast  and  other  methods. 

(c)  Miscellaneous  production  items  using  latest  forming,  fabricating, 
assembly  and  manufacturing  processes. 


.  .  .  Our  laboratories  are  available  for  the  development  of  your  ex- 
perimental or  production  problems  utilizing  our  diversified  experience 
in  design,  sculpture,  art  work,  preparation  and  reproduction  of 
original  models,  plaster  work,  tooling  techniques,  mold  making,  sub- 
stitution of  materials,  product  and  process  development  .  .  .  For  In- 
dustrial. Scientific  and  Commercial  items  .  .  .  Problems  on  unusual 
and  difficult  jobs  are  our  specialty. 


...LET   US  WORK  ON  YOUR  PROBLEM... 

GotUact 

ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


3322   57 
WomkkU 


L.  L.  N.  T. 

9-3262 


101  Park  Ay.nue 
New  York  17,  N.  T. 
MUrray    Hill    5-0471 


1512    Callowhlll   Sir..! 
Philadelphia  30.  Pa. 
RIT.nhoui.  1441 


APRIL  1945 


i*  LAST  i  rs 


87 


...THANKS  TO 

MOLDED  PLASTICS 

The  trench  mortars  are  doing  a  big  job  these  days. 
Until  the  big  guns  come  up,  the  infantry  must  de- 
pend on  them  as  its  only  mobile  artillery.  That's 
why  they  need  plenty  of  ammunition  .  .  .  and  fast. 

The  business  end  of  the  trench  mortar  shell  is 
molded  of  plastic  .  .  .  and  a  tricky  bit  of  molding  it 
is,  requiring  extreme  precision  all  along  the  line, 
in  engineering,  mold  -making,  molding  and  finish- 
ing. And,  as  to  quantity,  it's  the  largest  mass- 
production  job  ever  undertaken  by  the  industry. 

CMPC  is  proud  to  be  one  of  the  top  ranking 
molders  selected  to  produce  this  important  molded 
plastic  fuze.  As  usual,  we  made  the  intricate  molds 
in  our  own  plant  as  well  as  the  complicated  jigs, 
fixtures,  and  inspection  devices.  And,  as  usual,  we 
have  been  meeting  delivery  dates  as  per  schedule. 
Plenty  ...  on  time. 

If  your  plans  call  for  molded  plastics  you'll  find 
CMPC  a  mighty  good  place  to  do  business.  A 
CMPC  Development  Engineer  will  be  glad  to  dis- 
cuss your  problems  with  you  .  .  .  without  obligation. 
Why  not  ask  for  his  services  today? 

CHICAGO 
MOLDED 

PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


1031  N.KolmarAve.  C* 


Chicago  51,  Illinois 


COMPRESSION,       INJECTION,       AND        TRANSFER        MOLDING        OF        ALL        PLASTIC         MATERIALS 


88 


APRIL  194.") 


WHAT'S 


I 


PLASTICS 


New  Safety  Shield 

Dilley  Mlg.  Co. 
Cleveland.  O. 

A  new  safety  device, 
designed  to  eliminate 
the  need  of  goggles 
and  face  shields  in 
many  machine  tool  op- 
erations. 

This     novel      item, 
known  as  Dilley  Muii- 
n,-tic    Grip-Shield,    is 
tied  of  I'U-xiglas 
manufactured    for   the 
DilU-y  Co.  by  Rohm  & 
Haas   Co.    Consisting 
;;iick,  transparent 
-lint   of   plastics,   the 
shield    can    be    in- 
stantly positioned  with- 
out tools,  due  to  its  being  anchored  in  a  permanent  magnet  base. 
The  magnet  holds  it  in  position,  yet  with  a  slight  twist  may  be 
d  to  suit  operating  conditions. 

.Mtiiinetic  Grip-Shields,  it  is  said,  can  be  used  on  all  types  of 
machinery  such  as  lathes,  grinders,  drill  presses,  milling  ma- 
chines, buffing  and  sanding  machines,  and  wood-working  ma- 
chines such  as  band  saw,  joiner,  planer,  jig  saw,  and  other  types 
where  protection  is  required.  Constructed  to  deflect  flying  chips, 
metal  dust,  sparks,  oil  and  liquids,  protecting  machine  operators 
without  obstructing  vision,  Grip-Shields  are  made  in  sizes  rang- 
ing from  3"  x  4"  to  8"  x  10",  as  well  as  in  hood  type  for  long- 
time operations (214) 


molded  and  all  common  machining  operations  can  be  applied, 
while  in  assembly  it  can  be  cemented  to  itself,  similar  plastics  or 
other  materials  with  adhesive  bonds (216) 


Mycalex  "Series  K"  Announced 

Mycalex  Corp.  of  America 
Chiton,  N.  J. 

A  new  and  advanced  grade  of  Mycalex  insulation,  designated 
as  Mycalex  Series  K,  a  capacitator  dielectric. 

The  chief  advantage  listed  for  this  new  material  is  that  it 
offers  a  selective  range  of  dielectric  constants,  from  8  to  15  at 
inn-  megacycle,  supplying  various  values  as  to  dielectric  constant. 
Available  in  thicknesses  of  1/8"  to  1",  in  14"xl8"  sheets;  thick- 
-  range  down  to  1/32"  in  smaller  sheets;  and  14"  to  18" 
rods,  1/4"  to  1"  in  diameter.  A  large  field  of  application  should 
be  possible  for  Mycalex  K  since  it  is  readily  machinable  to 
all  but  the  most  complex  designs,  according  to  description.  It 
can  also  be  molded,  with  the  incorporation  of  metal  electrodes 
or  inserts,  where  desired (215) 


Unusual  Chemical  Compound 

The  Dow  Chemical  Co. 
Midland,  Mich. 

Unique  chemical  compound,  called  Styroloy,  described  as  a 
cross  between  plastics,  rubber  and  wood,  and  having  exceptional 
electrical  properties,  being  workable  like  wood,  and  as  a  molding 
powder  lending  itself  to  all  common  forms  of  plastics 
fabrication. 

A  diversity  of  uses  is  forecast  by  its  makers  for  Slyraloy, 
which  at  present  is  manufactured  in  the  form  of  a  powder  to 
form  products  which  have  varying  degrees  of  hardness,  and  it 
is  anticipated  that  it  will  be  made  in  all  colors  by  mixing  with 
dyes  or  pigments.  Pipe  fittings,  bushings  and  antenna  insulators 
arc  at  present  l>eing  fabricated  of  Slyraloy,  its  elongation  being 
useful  where  metal  inserts  are  involved,  because  of  its  ability 
to  withstand  wide  temperature  variations  without  cracking,  it  is 
said. 

In  compression  molding,  sheets  varying  from  1/32"  to  1"  in 
thickness  have  been  formed,  and  .005"  to  .060"  thick,  by  calen- 
dering process.  It  is  also  said  that  Slyraloy  can  be  extrusion 


Steam  Plate  Hydraulic  Press 

Chaa.  E.  Francis  Co. 
Huntinqton,  Ind. 

A  practical  variation 
to  a  small  general  pur- 
pose hydraulic  press, 
as  announced  by  the 
manufacturer. 

Extremely  husky 
plate  support,  "V's" 
for  easy  loading,  and 
a  special  locking  de- 
vice for  strain  rod  nuts 
to  prevent  their  un- 
screwing, are  among 
features  listed  for  this 
press,  which  is  de- 
scribed as  being  ideal 
for  a  wide  variety  of 
plastics  work,  although 
originally  designed  to 
handle  laminated  plas- 
tics for  war  items.  It 

is  said  to  be  particularly  useful  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics 
playing  cards  or  similar  items. 

The  Francis  steam  plate  press  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration  is  30"  x  30"  x  2",  153-ton  capacity,  with  motor 
driven  pump  unit,  automatic  pressure  and  temperature  controls, 
and  equipped  with  11  steam  plates (217) 


A  New  Marking  Machine 

The  Acromark  Co. 
Elizabeth.  N.  J. 

Improved  features  are  listed  for  this  new  type  marking 
machine,  designated  as  Acromark  No.  9AP. 

Among  its  advantages  its  makers  cite  the  following:  Conical 
surface  marked  with  standard  straight  line  type  and  holder; 
long  markings  on  cone-shaped  parts  easily  accomplished,  with 
tapered  fixture  ballbearing  providing  perfect  marking;  simpli- 
fied equipment  for  marking  chemical  delayed  fuze  parts  for 
shell  and  bomb  noses.  A  full  size  floor  model  cast  iron  pedestal 
described  as  "properly  designed  and  at  the  correct  height  for 
the  average  workman"  characterizes  the  Acromark  No.  9AP, 
with  pedestal  base  recessed  so  that  the  operator  may  work  close 
to  the  machine,  thus  facilitating  handling  and  loading  of  parts. 

The  machine  has  been  designed  to  operate  efficiently  over  a 


To  simplify  for  our  readers  the  task  of  obtaining  de 
tailed  information  regarding  the  new  products,  proc- 
esses end  trade  literature  described  herein,  fLASTICS 
offers  the  prepeid  postcard  inserted  here. 

In  rapidly-moving  times  such  as  these,  keeping  up 
with  every  latest  development  In  one's  field  is  e  "must.  ' 
Wer's  Insatiable  demend  for  swifter  production,  and 
the  competitive  drive  toward  lower  manufacturing 
costs  require  that  ell  avenues  leading  to  a  solution  of 
these  problems  be  explored  thoroughly. 

Each  Hem  in  this  section  Is  keyed  with  a  number, 
which  should  be  entered  on  the  postcard  to  facilitate 
Identifying  the  eiact  product,  process  or  publication 
about  which  information  is  desired. 


PLASTICS 


89 


long  period  of  time ;  depth  control  slide  and  main  marking  head 
are  provided  with  adjustable  gib  to  compensate  for  wear;  other 
moving  parts  are  provided  with  bushings,  all  moving  surfaces 
being  of  steel  on  cast  iron  or  bronze (218) 


Light  Weight  Blower 

L.  R.  Mfg.  Co.  Div.,  The  Ripley  Co. 
Torrington,  Conn. 

Small,  light-weight 
blower  for  heat  dispersion, 
recently  added  to  the  line 
of  the  L.  R.  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Division  of  the  Ripley 
Co. 

Designated  as  Model  No. 
2%,  the  new  blower  is 
available  with  shaft  bores 
of  either  .1895"  or  %".  The 
one-piece  housing  with  alu- 
minum motor  plate  is  4j/i" 
from  top  to  bottom. 

The  unit,  weighing  only 
3'/2  oz,  is  said  to  deliver  50 
cfm  at  8000  rpm,  operating 
under  all  conditions  of  cli- 
mate and  temperature. 

Housings  of  this  company's  blowers  are  of  light  weight,  high 
impact  phenolic  plastics,  with  wheels  of  turbo-type  cadmium 
plated  steel,  available  in  either  clockwise  or  counter-clockwise 
rotation (219) 


New  Resin  Glue 

Libbey-Owens-Ford  Glass  Co. 
Toledo.  O. 

A  new  powdered  resin  glue,  for  which  many  exceptional 
properties  are  claimed,  has  just  been  announced  by  Plaskon 
Division,  Libbey-Owens-Ford  Glass  Co.,  Toledo,  O. 


This  hot-press  phenolic  glue,  known  as  Plaskon  810-12  is 
extensible  with  wheat  flour  and  thus  is  said  to  allow  unusual 
economy  while  meeting  strict  performance  standards  in  ply- 
wood and  furniture  panel  stock.  Used  without  extension,  the 
new  glue  is  described  as  meeting  the  most  rigid  requirements  in 
water  and  weather  resistance,  plywood  made  with  it  being  usable 
under  prolonged  or  constant  extremes  of  temperature  and  humid- 
ity, and,  at  its  maximum  permissible  extension  with  wheat  flour 
(equal  parts  of  resin  and  flour)  to  assure  a  bond  that  will  with- 
stand a  3-hr  boil  test  without  delamination (220) 


Versatile  Plastics-Derived  Fabric 

Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

A  light-weight  and  waterproof,  plastics-derived  fabric  to  be 
known  as  Vitafilm,  which  is  said  to  be  easily  cleanable  with  a 
damp  cloth,  and  to  be  flame-resistant  as  well  as  resistant  to  oil, 
acids,  greases,  sunlight  and  fading. 

It  is  supplied  in  film  form,  in  strips  slightly  less  than  an  inch 
wide,  which  are  twisted  and  stretched  by  the  fabricators  into 
strong,  slender  threads  that  are  then  woven  into  a  variety  of 
colors,  patterns  and  textures  on  conventional  textile  mill  equip- 
ment. 

Among  the  potential  uses  for  Vitafilm  are  listed  those  in  lug- 
gage, handbags,  uppers  for  shoes ;  thread  is  adaptable  for 
crocheting  into  various  articles  such  as  women's  hats,  costume 
accessories,  etc (221 ) 


Heating  Pot  Developed 

Kindt-Collins  Co. 
Cleveland,  O. 

Special  heating  pot  for  a  number  of  low-melting-point  mate- 
rials, including  certain  types  of  plastics  material,  waxes,  shellacs, 
etc.  Originally  designed  as  a  glue  pot  for  patternmaking  and 
wood  working  shops,  it  is  said  to  have  been  found  highly  efficient 


(The  Proper  Path  to  Follow 


THE  BEST  IN   MOLDED  PLASTICS 


There  is  many  a  pitfall  on  the  road  to 
good  plastic  molding.  The  safest  way  is 
to  follow  the  path  marked  out  by  those 
who  have  already  been  over  the  road. 


ARTINDELL  MOLDING  co. 

OLDEN  and  6th  Street  .  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


90 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


in  inciting  and  maintaining  liquidity  of  diverse  materials. 

Described  as  being  electrically  heated,  completely  automatic 
ix-rmancntly  wet,  fire-and-explosion-proof,  maintaining  uniform 
ly  low  temperature  at  all  times,  this  pot  is  7}i"  high.  9"  out 
side  diameter,  6)$"  inside  diameter,  and  weighs  8J4  Ibs.  At 
present  available  only  in  2-qt.  capacity,  its  heating  element 
thermostatically  controlled,  operates  with  a  vacuum-sealed  fluic 
which  circulates  between  the  outer  and  inner  shells,  transferring 
equal  heat  to  all  parts  of  the  material  being  heated (222) 

All  Purpose  Punch  Press 

Maxant  Button  &  Supply  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

A  nrw  type  open-face  punch  press, 

described  as  being  suitable  to  a  wide 

of  small  punch  press  work  and 

capalilc   of    accomplishing    rapid    and 

accurate  operations  in  stamping,  per- 

forating,  blanking,  punching,  piercing, 

Unlit  drawing,   forming  and  assembly 

crimping,  die  work,  and   many 

similar  operations. 

The  body  of  this  press  is  heavily  re- 
in forced  without  unnecessary  weight; 
slides  are  designed  for  maximum  wear 
and  can  be  furnished  in  various  lengths 
to  change  working  distance  above  bed. 
It  lias  a  throat  height  of  10",  depth  4"  ; 
distance  of  bed  to  slide,  7%"  ;  bed  area, 
9"x8";  stroke  2%".  It  is  said  to 
work  equally  well  on  plastics,  syn- 
thetics, metal,  cloth,  wood,  and  rubber, 
and  to  produce  short  runs  at  long  run 
due  to  large  crosshead,  open  face 
-(ruction  to  permit  quick  change 

of  dies  for  fast  set-up,  quickly  adjustable  ram  for  distance  of 
-tn.ke,  and  ready  adjustability  of  strokes  per  minute (223) 


New  Type  Adhesive 

B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.,  Koroseal  Div. 
Akron.  O. 

This  rubber  cement,  named  Plastilock  500,  is  described  as  a 

non-thermoplastic,  water-and-aromatic-oil-resistant  adhesive  for 

ng  plastics,  wood,  metal,  and  ceramic  giaterials  to  them- 

or  to  each  other ;  to  provide  superior  bonding  qualities  and, 

me  cases,  to  be  usable  in  place  of  rivets  or  screws. 

Best  results  in  the  use  of  Plastilock  500,  it  is  advised,  are 

rained  by  applying  heat  with  pressure  to  obtain  good  surface 

contact,  the  bond   strength  varying  with   the  materials   being 

red. 

It  is  reported  that  this  new  adhesive,  used  for  metal-to-metal 
1  ••  •ruling,  has  shown  a  shear  strength  of  3250  Ihs  psi,  and  tension 
Mn-ngths  of  4000  Ibs  psi  have  been  reached (224) 


Unusual  Mortar  and  Pestle 

New  England  Carbide  Tool  Co. 
Cambridge.  Mass. 

Special  line  of  mor- 
tars and  pestles,  devel- 
oped for  use  in  the 
chemical  field.  The 
mortar,  constructed 
with  a  steel  body,  is 
lined  with  a  boron  car- 
tiidc  insert,  which  is 
ground  to  the  correct 
shape  and  then  pol- 
ished to  a  mirror-like 
finish.  The  pestle  has 
a  steel  handle,  with  a 
[xilislicd  boron  carbide  rod  mounted  at  one  end. 

Kxtremely  hard,  boron  carbide  is  non-metallic,  cannot  charge, 
and  therefore  will  not  pick  up  lint,  dust,  or  metal  particles  which 
might  contaminate  the  materials  being  ground,  according  to 
description,  and  the  mirror-like  surfaces  are  said  to  be  so  smooth 
that  pit  marks  or  surface  irregularities  are  eliminated,  and  both 


BEAUTIFY  PLASTICS 
WITH 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTMCS 


91 


mortar  and  pestle  can  be  made  sterile  clean  after  use.  Used  in 
large  scientific  research  laboratories  for  more  than  six  months, 
no  signs  of  wear  or  contamination  in  any  experiments  have 
appeared  on  either  pestles  or  mortars,  it  is  said (225) 


strip  coatings  and  free  films,  particularly  those  used  as  protec- 
tive wrappings  for  ordnance  materials  subjected  to  climatic  va- 
riations and  temperature  extremes.  Other  applications  now  be- 
ing used  are  coated  fabrics,  shower  curtains  and  rainwear.  (227) 


Diabasic  Acid  for  Resins 

Heyden  Chemical  Corp. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

A  recently  announced  dibasic  acid,  known  as  M.D.A.,  a  techni- 
cal grade  of  methylene  disalicylic  acid  (dihydroxydiphenyl- 
methane  dicarboxylic  acid)  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  isomers. 

According  to  the  company,  alkyd  resins  made  with  M.D.A. 
and  a  pentaerythritol  alcohol,  and  used  to  formulate  varnishes, 
produce  improved  rapid-drying  protective  coatings. 

M.D.A.  may  also  be  used  with  rosin  and  pentaerythritol 
alcohols  to  produce  modified  phenolic  resins  which  can  be 
cooked  into  varnishes  by  the  usual  methods  to  produce  fast- 
drying  paints  and  varnishes  said  to  be  of  improved  chemical 
resistance  (226) 


Low  Temperature  Plasticizer 

Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Commercial  scale  production  of  a  new  ester  type  plasticizer 
for  polyvinyl  chloride  has  teen  announced.  Said  to  impart  a 
high  degree  of  flexibility  to  vinyl  coated  fabrics  subjected  to 
low  temperatures,  such  as  those  used  in  strip  coatings,  free  films. 
and  insulation  jackets,  the  product,  known  as  Dioctyl  Sebacatc, 
is  described  as  a  "high  boiling,  stable,  light-colored  liquid,  com- 
bining the  excellent  low  temperature  flexibility  associated  with 
dibtityl  sebacate  with  the  extreme  non-volatility  characteristics 
exhibited  by  dibenzyl  sebacate."  It  is  not  susceptible  to  extrac- 
tion by  water,  but  is  not  resistant  to  oils. 

The  combination  of  plasticizing  efficiency,  low  volatility,  and 
excellent  water  resistance  attributed  to  this  plasticizer  are  said 
to  work  advantageously  in  the  manufacture  of  polyvinyl  chloride 


Recording  Instruments 

Precision  Scientific  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

This  group 
of  recording 
instruments  is 
to  be  known 
as  Telcvac, 
featuring  Type 
MR,  and  Type 
5"  for  ultra 
vacuum. 

Type  MR 
(illustrated), 
with  a  range 
of  0-500  m  i  - 
crons,  utilizes 
the  new  Tele- 
vac  No.  500 
thermal  gauge 

with  specially  treated  elements.  Features  of  the  latter  are  listed 
as  including  coated  filaments  to  prevent  "off  calibration"  pe- 
riods due  to  water,  oil  vapor  or  other  contaminating  vapors, 
increased  sensitivity  gained  through  the  use  of  2  filaments  in 
both  standard  and  variable  tubes  of  the  vacuum  gauge,  all 
gauges  interchangeable  without  recalibration,  assurance  of 
duplicate  readings  in  terms  of  absolute  pressure  in  microns,  and 
gauge  supplied  with  a  special  Leeds  and  Northrup  .UiVrmm/.r 
Strip  Chart  Recorder  calibrated  directly  in  microns (228) 


\af   »*«      f+\  \\^P^  *  rO" 

>tf«£gSBSS3£ 


^^^:««^ 


C  C  U  R  A  T  E 


MOLDING 
CORPORATION 


132    NASSAU    STREET 


BROOKLYN,    N 


92 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


Mature  It 


eview 


Consoweld  Engineering  Manual 

Consolidated  Water  Power  &  Paper  Co. 
Wisconsin  Rapids.  Wis. 

A  concise  and  convenient  manual  prepared  and  issued  by  the 
Plastics  Division  of  Consolidated  Water  Power  &  Paper  Co., 
for  the  stated  purpose  of  providing  authoritative  engineering, 
processing  specifications,  and  standards  data  on  the  many  forms 
of  Consoweld  high  strength  plastics. 

The  manual  is  published  in  loose-leaf  form,  to  allow  additions 
and  revisions,  issued  by  the  company,  to  be  included  as  they 
become  necessary,  thus  keeping  the  manual  continually  up  to  date 
on  Contmi'fld  developments. 

Bound  in  a  sturdy  and  attractive  cover,  the  contents  of  the 
manual  are  divided  into  subject  classification  by  handy  index 
tabs,  arranged  to  include  various  information  on  such  subjects  as 
Consoweld  available  forms  and  methods  of  manufacture;  codes 
and  specifications ;  materials,  properties ;  standards ;  weight  data ; 
and  various  other  data.  Illustration  and  tables  are  used  through- 
'•in.  and  brevity  and  clarity  are  combined  to  help  make  this  com- 
l>ai  t  manual  a  means  of  ready  reference (229) 


Universal  Air  Filters  Bulletin 

Universal  Filter  Co. 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Recently  issued,  this  bulletin  (No.  304)  provides  detailed  in- 
formation on  the  company's  line  of  air  filters  and  paint  spray 
units,  outlining  the  functions  and  operation  of  these  items  and 
listing  their  special  advantages.  The  standard  sizes  in  which 
they  are  provided  are  also  listed,  and  photographic  illustration 
and  line  drawing  show  details  of  the  products (230) 


Amphenol  New  Catalog  Section  "D" 

American  Phenolic  Corp. 
Chicago,  HI. 

A  new  Scftit'ii  D  for  the  Amphcnol  complete  catalog  describ- 
ing 26  different  types  of  RG  cables,  as  well  as  many  companion 
high  frequency  connectors  for  UHF  and  electronic  applications. 
It  is  designed  to  brills  up  to  date  complete  details  and  specifica- 
tion', governing  the  production  of  RG  type  cables  as  approved 
by  the  Army-Navy  RF  Cable  Co-ordinating  Committee  for 
manufacture  by  this  firm.  Polyethylene  dielectric  is  utilized  in 
the  cables,  making  them  suitable  for  use  in  ultra  high  frequency 
and  general  electronic  fields,  and  mica-filled  Rakflite  or  poly- 
Myrene  insulation  is  featured  in  the  connectors ( 231 ) 


Tenite  Booklet 

Tennessee  Eastman  Corp. 
Kinqsporl.  Tenn. 

A  28-page  booklet  listing  the  merits  and  characteristics  of 
Tenilf,  "a  thermoplastic  molding  material  made  from  East- 
man cellulose  esters."  Profusely  illustrated  with  photographs 
in  full  color  as  well  as  in  black  and  white,  numerous  applica- 
tiniis  of  Tetiile  are  depicted  and  described  in  this  attractive  and 
informational  booklet. 

Typical  and  specific  uses,  molding  process  description  (in 
brief),  and  summary  of  properties,  of  Tenite,  are  included  in 
the  contents  of  the  booklet (232) 


A  Ready  Reference  for  Plastics 

Boonlon  Molding  Co. 
Boonton.  N.  I. 

The  original  edition  of  this  booklet  appeared  in  1933,  and  has 

been  kept  steadily  up  to  date  in  the  field  through  successive  revi- 

of  which  the  current  issue  represents  the  seventh.    It  holds 

a  compilation  of  data  described  by  the  Boonton  Co.  as  "a  brief 

description  of  the  commonly  used  plastics  and  their  origin,"  and 

APRIL  1945  PLASTiCS 


Templotes  used  In  speeding  up  work  of  engineers 
and  draftsmen  In  the  laying  out  of  drawlngi  and 
blueprint!  or*  made  to  icalt  by  Felsenthal  —  lor 
Hop  null,  glau  blocks,  corrugated  metal,  and 
many  other  producti.  Uied  now  to  ipeod  produc- 
tion for  war,  they  will  be  equally  valuable  poit 
war.  If  you  con  use  a  similar  production  old,  write 
us.  Your  Inquiry  will  have  Immediate  attention. 


was  "compiled  for  the  guidance  of  engineers  and  buyers,"  by 
George  K.  Scribner. 

Briefly  and  succinctly  it  lists  and  describes  numerous  moldable 
plastics,  with  their  characteristics  and  tables  of  properties,  appli- 
cations, various  potentialities,  trade  names,  and  other  pertinent 
data, 

A  brief  outline  of  "A  Holder's  Organic  Chemistry"  is  a  fea- 
ture of  the  booklet,  and  information  on  physical  properties,  com- 
pression molding,  injection  molding,  color — its  visibility,  mean- 
ings, combinations — with  relation  of  plastics,  elements  of  part 
design ;  these  and  numerous  other  phases  of  the  plastics  picture 
are  handled  in  this  booklet,  which  also  holds  a  collection  of 
tables  and  data  for  quick  information  and  reference (233) 


Beryllium  Copper  Castings 

The  Beryllium  Coip.  of  Pennsylvania 
Reading.  Pa. 

A  new  catalog,  giving  considerable  information  on  casting 
characteristics  of  beryllium-copper.  Its  applications  and  advan- 
tages in  the  field  of  cast  molds  and  dies  for  plastics  are  described 
and  specific  properties  for  such  use  are  listed.  The  catalog  is  fully 
illustrated  throughout (234) 


Pentalyn  Resins  Described 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

This  technical  bulletin,  entitled.  "An  Exclusive  Varnish- 
Making  Development,"  evaluating  Pentalyn  resins  and  their  ap- 
plications in  the  varnish  and  paint  industry,  has  been  issued  by 
Hercules  Powder  Co. 

Complete  information  on  the  four  Pentalyns  (A,  G,  M  and  X) 
is  provided,  covering  the  physical  and  chemical  properties  of 
these  products,  as  well  as  listing  of  their  comparable  melting 
point,  color,  acid  number,  specific  notation  and  gravity,  hydroxyl 


content,  thiocyanogen  value,  iodine  number,  refractive  index,  and 
viscosity.  The  basic  structure  of  the  Pentalyn  resins  and  ester 
gum  are  illustrated  in  this  booklet,  which  also  contains  compara- 
tive tables  on  the  softening  point,  heat  stability,  oxidation  resist- 
ance of  the  two  materials,  and  typical  Pentalyn  varnish  formula- 
tions   (235) 


Coumarone-Indene  Resins 

The  Neville  Co. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Timely  booklet  entitled  "Neville  Resins  and  Plasticizers," 
issued  by  the  Neville  Co.  and  believed  to  contain  the  most  com- 
plete data  on  coumarone-indene  resins  ever  published,  as  well  as 
much  other  new  material  in  the  resin  and  plasticizer  field. 

Detailed  specifications,  properties,  compatibilities  and  other 
characteristics  are  given  throughout  this  82-page  booklet,  as 
well  as  figures,  tables  and  basic  formulae  included  to  define 
thoroughly  the  potentialities  of  the  products  and  to  serve  as  a 
workbook  from  which  to  initiate  experimentation. 

Contents  include  chapters  on  such  subjects  as  industrial  uses 
of  Neville  resins  and  plasticizers  in  various  applications,  new 
Neville  products  under  development,  outline  of  testing  methods, 
and  other  information  of  major  interest  concerning  the  com- 
pany's products,  embodying  much  material  recently  made  avail- 
able through  Neville  research  and  as  a  result  of  product  be- 
havior in  practical  use. 

A  fully  detailed  and  comprehensive  index  is  provided  in  the 
booklet,  for  reference  purposes (236) 


Quality  Control 

Continental  Machines,  Inc. 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Compact,  pocket-size  handbook  on  scientific  inspection 
through  controls  offered  by  precision  measuring  instru- 
ments. Contains  over  200  photographs,  diagrams,  charts. 


We  Poinf 
With  Pride 


to  this  fine 
example  of 


TRANSFER 
MOLDING 

Shown  here  is  only  one  of  many 
types  of  molding  done  in  this  plant. 
Knowledge  of  materials,  accurate 
mold  making,  careful  inserting  of 
metal  parts  and  continued  care  in 
the  molding  process  are  the  factors 
responsible  for  the  production  of 
high  grade  molded  parts  like  the 
one  shown  ^prtD  19, 


TRADE    MARK 


KUHH  &  jflcoB  moLDino  &  TOOL  co 


1200    SOUTHARD    STREET.    TRENTON  8,    N.  J.-  <y 

TELEPHONE  TRENTON  5391  CX 

NEW   YORK — S.  C.  Ulmann,  55  W.  «  St.  PHILADELPHIA — Towle    &    Son    Company,    18   W.   Chelten    Ave.    Bldj. 

NEW  ENGLAND — Wn>.  T.   Wyler,  204  Lordship   Road,   Stratford,   Conn. 


94 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


and  tables;  included  are  a  number  of  conversion  Ubles  and 
considerable  measuring  data  to  provide  pertinent  informa- 
tion for  the  precision  measuring  methods  required  in  scientific 
inspection. 

This    140-page   handbook,    bound    in    stiff   cover,    lists,    pic- 
tures  and   describes   DoALL   gages   and   other   precision,    in- 
strument*  and   their   uses.   A   complete   glossary    is   included. 
(237) 


Two  New  Hcli-Coil  Bulletins 
Aircraft  Screw  Products  Co..  Inc. 
Long  Island  City.  N.  Y. 

Bulletin  No.  240,  on  the  subject  of  the  company's  Hcli-Coil 
insert  kits,  lists,  the  Heli-Coil  inserts,  with  data  fully  descriptive 
of  the  product  and  its  uses,  and  shows  two  compact  kits,  No.  12 
and  N'n.  12-A.  The  inserts,  precision-shaped  coils  of  stainless 
steel  »r  |>liosphor  bronze  wire,  which  engage  screw  threads  of 
the  American  National  System,  are  described  as  providing  a 
hard,  anti-friction  lining  for  tapped  threads  in  plastics,  light 
metals,  plywood  and  other  relatively  soft  materials,  protecting 
against  wear,  stripping,  seizing  and  galling. 

Bulletin  No.  260  describes  the  merits  of  Heli-Coil  service  for 
production,  maintenance,  and  salvage (238) 


Cellulosic  Thermoplastics 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington.  Del. 

A  new  technical  booklet,  prepared  by  the  Cellulose  Products 
Dept.  of  Hercules  Co.,  listing  and  describing  the  results  of 
dimensional  stability  tests  on  cellulosic  plastic  at  high  tempera- 
tures and  high  humidities,  indicating  comparative  dimensional 
stabilities  of  high  acetyl  cellulose,  cellulose  acetate  butyrate, 
and  ethyl  cellulose  plastics  under  temperature  and  tropical  cli- 
matic conditions. 

Interest  in  dimensional  stability  of  plastics  having  been  greatly 
intensified  since  the  war  started,  because  of  military  require- 
ments, it  is  felt  that  the  data  in  this  booklet  should  be  particu- 
larly timely. 

Its  contents  include  a  number  of  sketches  in  color;  also  pho- 
tographs, and  several  comprehensive,  full-page  tables.  There  is 
an  explanation  of  test  conditions,  and  a  detailed  discussion  of 
the  data  contained  in  the  various  illustrations (239) 


Luf kin  General  Catalog 

The  Luflcin  Rule  Co. 
Saginow,  Mich. 

This  257-page  catalog  (12-C)  is  compactly  compiled,  and 
divided  into  sections,  or  chapters,  each  devoted  to  listing  and 
description  of  a  classification  of  the  company's  measuring 
devices. 

Classifications  include  precision  tools,  steel  tapes,  woven  tapes, 
tape-rules,  spring-joint  boxwood  rules,  lumber  rules,  and  mis- 
cellaneous rules.  A  thoroughly  detailed  numerical  index  and  an 
alphabetical  index,  are  included  in  the  catalog,  as  well  as  sev- 
eral pages  of  useful  tables,  decimal  equivalents,  etc. 

The  catalog  is  a  handy  size,  and  is  clearly  and  adequately 
illustrated  throughout  (240) 


Modern  Testing  and  Development  Laboratory 

I.  O.  Ross  Engineering  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

A  brochure  describing  in  detail  and  with  photographic  illus- 
tration the  Ross  Laboratory  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  a  mod- 
ern testing  and  development  laboratory  equipped  to  permit  com- 
•al   tests  producing  a  reasonable  facsimile  of  actual   field 
•mils.     Described  as  being  possible  of  proving  of  unusual 
tn  industrial  concerns  seeking  to  determine  the  most  em- 
means  for  processing,  for  solving  drying,  curing,  insula- 
tion and  other  problems,  the  laboratory's  facilities  for  aid  to 
such  concerns  are  listed  and  explained (241 ) 


PLASTICREATED 

store  and  counter  DISPLAYS 

For  eye-stopping  store  and  counter  dis- 
plays that  show  your  merchandise  to 
best  advantage,  you  will  find  the  answer 
in  "Plasticreated"  displays. 

"Plasticreation"  is  our  term  for  an  un- 
usual creative  service  that  embodies  orig- 
inal artistic  design  as  well  as  superior 
fabrication  in  plastics. 

If  you  are  interested  in  having  us  de- 
velop for  you  displays  of  distinctive 
charm  and  marked  selling  appeal,  it  will 
pay  you  to  get  in  touch  with  us. 


Jay  Tyson,  CrMtivt  D«slgn«r 

SPECIALISTS    IN    DESI6N    AND    FAIIICATION 

1730   (UCUD   AVINUC.  CUVIIANO   II.  OHIO 


Now  available  in  many 

beaulifml  colors  out 

for  every  purpose. 


There  is  only  one 
-CELLO-PLASTIC. 
Do  not  accept  substitute s. 


Brings  New  Colorful  Beauty  and  Durable  Protection  to 
FLOORS  *  WOODWORK  *  WALLS  *  EXTERIORS 

Plastic    is    now    prepared    in      oils  combined  with  the  finest 
'—  •—  "      paint  pigments.  A  Cello-Plastic 
product  is  available  for  almost 


liquid  paint  form  for  use  in 
home,  office,  store  and  factory. 
This  has  come  about  through 
the  formulation  of  synthetic 
resins  with  specially  processed 


any  type  of  finish  or  surface. 
Does  not  chip  or  crack! 

BRILLIANT*  SMOOTH  *  TOUGH  *  DURABLE 

ff\n  fl  f\f\DC.  Cello- Plastic  (transparent)  is  a  non-skid  plastic 
rUK  rLV/Wlva  finish  for  all  types  of  floors.  Outwears  wax 
200  to  1.  This  amazing  new  treatment  gives  floors  a  "cellophane-like"  Plastic 
finish.  Eliminates  pores  that  absorb  dirt,  thus  making  floors  easy  to  clean. 
Ideal  for  all  surfaces  including  wood,  concrete,  linoleum,  asphalt,  tile,  rubber, 
composition,  etc.  Eliminates  waxing  and  polisbinf.  Unexcelled  for  marine  use. 

E-v  T  C  D  I  f\  D  T*1'5  modern  finish  is  a  severely  tested  product 
A  I  B  K  I  \J  I*,  that  surpasses  old  fashioned  type  house  paints. 
Pigmented  with  Titanium  Dioxide,  the  whitest  and  best  covering  pigment, 
combined  with  kettle  processed  linseed  oils  and  plastic  resins,  it  makes  a  rich, 
colorful,  lasting  coating.  Makes  homes  and  buildings  outstanding.  For  use  on 
wood,  stucco,  brick  or  shingle. 

It.1  Y  E  n  I  4">  B    Brings  newglamour  into  homes— protects  floors 
N   I    E  K  I  VJ  K    woodwork,  furniture,  etc.,  with  its  long-lasting, 
"cellophane-like"  Plastic  finish.  Easy  to  apply— flows  smoothly— l-i-M  no 
brush  marks— self  leveling. 

Product  liability  underwritten  by  one  of  America's 
largest  insurance  companies. 


CELLO-PLASTIC  CHEMICAL  CO. 


PARK   BLDG.,   PITTSBURGH   22,   PA. 


LIBRARY 


SPI  1944-45  DIRECTORY 


By  Society  of  the  Plastics  Industry 

A  directory  listing  440  member  plastics  concerns  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  with  a  breakdown  of  molders,  extruders, 
fabricators,  laminators,  and  material  and  machinery  manufactur- 
ers. It  also  contains  a  listing  of  institutional  and  research  SPI 
members,  as  well  as  publisher  and  professional  members. 

There  is  a  products  index,  a  materials  index,  a  machine  in- 
dex, and  a  "Who's  Who  in  Plastics"  section  listing  executives, 
sales  and  engineering  personnel  of  member  companies;  and  de- 
tailed SPI  Organization  and  Technical  and  Engineering  Com- 
mittee charts,  by-laws  and  technical  committee  regulations  of  the 
SPI,  as  well  as  a  description  of  the  activities  of  the  society,  are 
contained  in  the  book. 

The  volume  is  bound  in  a  cloth  cover,  which  is  treated  with 
polyvinyl  butyral. — John  B.  Watkins  Co.,  Neiv  York,  N.  Y,, 
247  Pages,  $2.50. 


PLASTICS  SCIENTIFIC  &  TECHNOLOGICAL 

By  H.  Ronald  Fleck 

An  up-to-date  volume  covering  the  scientific  and  technological 
aspects  of  the  plastics  industry,  comprising  a  critical  survey  of 
the  literature  and  a  correlation  of  diversified  data  designed  to  be 
of  value  both  to  chemists  of  the  plastics  industry  and  to  practical 
men  whose  work  calls  for  knowledge  of  plastics  from  chemical 
and  technological  angles. 

Considerable  detail  is  devoted  to  recent  plastics  developments, 
and  diagrams  and  charts  appear  throughout  the  book,  and  its  15 
chapters  cover  phases  of  plastics,  from  raw  materials  to  manu- 
facture of  plastics  articles,  taking  in  plastics  chemistry,  manufac- 
ture, physical  properties,  resins,  dies  and  molds,  chemical  analy- 
sis, theoretical  principles  of  polymerization,  adhesives,  etc.  The 
first  chapter  concerns  the  history  of  plastics,  and  cites  specific 
milestones  in  the  progress  of  the  industry.  There  are  a  number 
of  interesting  tables,  and  a  carefully  compiled  index  completes 
the  book.  Chemical  Publishing  Co.,  Inc.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  325 
pages,  $6.50. 


CHEMISTRY  OF  ENGINEERING  MATERIALS 

By  Robert  B.  Leighou 

The  fourth  edition  of  a  book  which,  over  a  period  of  twenty- 
five  years,  has  been  of  use  to  students  of  science  and  to  practicing 
engineers.  The  original  purpose  of  Prof.  Leighou  has  been  re- 
tained, say  the  publishers — namely,  the  purpose  of  providing 
information  on  the  chemical  properties  of  engineering  materials 
so  that  these  materials  may  be  more  intelligently  selected  and 
used. 

The  book  has  been  brought  up  to  date  and  numerous  changes 
and  additions  in  text  incorporated,  to  keep  pace  with  modern 
developments.  As  in  previous  editions,  it  has  been  assumed  that 
the  reader,  through  formal  course  work  or  by  private  study,  has 
a  knowledge  of  elementary  general  chemistry ;  on  this  premise, 
the  book  is  intended  for  use  as  a  textbook  by  students,  or  as  a 
reference  book  by  practicing  engineers  whose  formal  training  has 
not  included  the  study  of  advanced  courses  in  chemistry  and 
metallurgy. 

Included  in  its  21  chapters  are  those  devoted  to  such  subjects 
as  abrasives,  organic  plastics,  organic  protective  coatings,  glues 
and  adhesives,  insulating  materials,  etc.  Charts,  graphs,  and 
tables  are  used  throughout  the  text,  and  a  comprehensive  index 
is  part  of  the  volume.  Mc-Grmi'-Hill  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York 
City,  645  pages,  $4.50. 


96 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


PROBLEMS  in 


plastics 


Problems  and  questions  may  be  submitted  to 
this  department  for  answering  by  the  techni- 
cal editora  or  specialists  in  the  induitry. 


We  have  heard  of  a  concern  in  California  which  manufactures 
a  material  suitable  for  use  in  jigs  and  fixtures;  ground  walnut 
shells  are  used  as  a  filler.  Can  you  furnish  us  with  the  name 
of  this  company  ?  F.  E.  M.,  Holland,  Mich. 

The  Baker  Oil  Tools,  Inc.,  6000  S.  Boyle  Ave.,  Los 
Angeles  11,  produces  a  cast  phenolic  resin  -unlit  a  walnut 
shell  flour  filler.  This  material  is  used  in  dies  for  form- 
ing metal,  as  well  as  in  jigs  and  fixtures. 

*  *    * 

Where  can  we  purchase  acrylic  tubing,  seamed  or  seamless, 
2"  to  4"  in  diam.,  1"  to  4"  long,  with  wall  thickness  from  %«" 
to  Jj"?  J.  E.  Y.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

There  are  a  number  of  firms  which  can  supply  the 
material  you  desire,  but  we  suggest  that  you  contact  the 
Rohm  &  Haas  Company,  Washington  Square,  Phila- 
delphia, who  will  probably  be  able  to  help  you.  Hmv- 
ever,  this  material  has  "gone  to  war"  and  you  probably 
will  not  be  able  to  obtain  it  in  unlimited  quantities. 

*  *    * 

What  concerns  manufacture  plastics  shaker  tops  for  2-oz.  bot- 
tles? D.  C.  G.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Among  the  companies  which  manufacture  plastics 
shaker  tops  are  the  Federal  Toot  Corp.,  412  N.  Lecnnlt 
St.,  Chicago  12;  and  Lapin  Products,  Inc.,  164  Dclancey 
St.,  Newark  5,  N.  J. 


We  use  steel  decked  dryer  cars  to  transfer  burned  clay  prod- 
ucts from  extruding  machines  to  hot-air  dryers  to  remove  excess 
moisture  before  they  go  to  the  baking  kilns  for  completion.  Be- 
cause of  the  humidity,  the  metal  decks  become  rusted,  causing 
discoloration  of  the  clay.  Is  there  a  plastics  which  could  be 
applied  to  or  molded  over  the  metal  strips?  It  would  have  to  be 
able  to  withstand  a  temperature  of  200*  F. 

T.  J.  B..  Austin,  Texas 

We  suggest  that  you  contact  the  Bakelite  Corp..  30  E. 
42nd  St.,  New  York  17,  which  produces  a  phenolic  resin 
coaling;  and  the  American  Cyanamid  Co..  30  Rocke- 
feller Plaza,  Neiv  York  20,  which  produces  urea  and 
melamine  resin  coatings,  alt  of  which  would  probably  be 
suitable  for  coating  the  steel  decks  of  your  dryer  cars. 


Can  you  tell  us  who  manufactures  umbrella  covering  material 
from  plastics  film?  E.  N..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

For  information  concerning  plastics  film  for  use  as 
umbrella  covering  material,  we  suggest  you  contact  the 
following  companies:  Carbide  and  Carbon  Chemicals 
Corp.,  Plastics  Div.,  30  E.  42nd  St..  New  York  17;  and 
The  B.  P.  Goodrich  Co.,  Koroseol  Div.,  Akron,  Ohio. 


Sj>( 


Slotted  or 

Recessed 

Heads 


HOVTITE 

SCREWS 

If  you  are  looking  for  speed-up  methods  in  your 
assembling,  eliminate  time-consuming  tapping  opera- 
tions by  using  HOLTITE  "Thread-Forming"  screws  for 
metal-to-metal  and  plastic  fastenings.  Cutting  their  own 
threads  in  drilled,  pierced  or  formed  holes,  these  speed 
screws  effect  a  stronger, tighter,  vibration-resitting  fasten- 
ing as  each  thread  stays  tight  in  the  perfect  mating 
thread  it  has  cut  in  the  material. 

Furnished  in  three  types — Type  "A",  "~7_"  grid  "C." 
Send   for   information    of  specific   uses   and   meth 
Check  your  assemblies — you'll  find       Also  jurniihed 


these  speed  screws  can  be  used  to 
save  time  and  strengthen  many  parts 
of  your  products. 


with    Machine 
Screw  threads 


CONTINENTAL 

croru/  rn  Ne»B«dibfd.Ma«.w 

sJV.ri.Ul        VW.  BUY  MORE  BONDS 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


97 


Plans  for  volume  production  of  melaraine  have  been  an- 
nounced by  Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  to  be  undertaken  at  a  new 
plant  which  is  being  built  at  the  company's  Merrimac  division, 
Everett,  Mass.  Melamine,  which  has  been  found  to  possess 
utility  in  a  wide  range  of  war  applications,  as  well  as  a  vast 
number  of  peacetime  possibilities,  is  technically  known  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  tri-amine  family,  and  Monsanto  research  technicians, 
by  reacting  it  with  formaldehyde,  have  produced  gratifying  re- 
sults in  such  fields  as  textiles,  plastics,  and  plywood  manufacture. 

In  textiles,  melamine  resins  impart  greater  crush-resistance, 
longer  wear,  and  more  shrinkage-resistance,  without  changing 
the  feel  or  appearance  of  the  fabric. 

Employed  in  plastics,  melamine  produces  a  material  char- 
acterized by  good  resistance  to  high  and  low  temperatures,  su- 
perior arc  resistant  properties,  excellent  moldability,  exceptional 
utility  as  a  surface  coating,  and  an  almost  unlimited  color  range. 

Melamine  resins  likewise  have  been  found  useful  in  the  prep- 
arations of  plywood  glues  and  laminates,  and  are  unaffected  by 
wood  acids.  The  basic  patent  on  melamine  formaldehyde  resins 
is  held  by  Monsanto. 

*     *     » 

Owens-Coming  Fiberglas  Corp.,  Toledo,  O.,  advises  of 
the  use  of  "Fiberglas"  in  the  insulation  of  refrigerators,  as 
well  as  of  buildings,  ships,  railroad  cars  and  trucks.  In  or- 
der to  provide  "Fiberglas"  insulation  of  predetermined  den- 
sity and  dimensions,  phenolic  resin  is  sprayed  on  to  the 
glass  fibres  in  relatively  small  quantities  (\l/2%  to  a  possible 
4%)  by  weight,  depending  upon  the  product  to  be  formed.) 
The  mass  of  interlaced  fibres  is  then  compressed  while  un- 
der heat  that  sets  the  resin,  providing  these  permanent- 
form  "Fiberglas"  insulating  materials. 


Completing  cut-out  In  "Fiberglas"  permanent-form  in- 
sulation to  make  a  panel  for  household  refrigerator 


Full  control  of  The  Evans  Chemical  Corp.,  1627  W.  Fort 
St.,  Detroit,  manufacturers  of  "Econite, "  an  all-purpose  plastics 
filler,  has  been  purchased  by  Charles  C.  Layman,  according  to 
recent  announcement.  Mr.  Layman  succeeds  his  former  partner, 
Leslie  E.  Evans,  as  president  of  the  corporation,  from  which 
Mr.  Evans  is  retiring  to  conduct  private  research  work  in  plas- 
tics. Appointment  of  John  N.  Reid  as  active  manager  of  the 
corporation  has  been  announced  by  Mr.  Layman.  "Econite"  is 


98 


fLA8TtC8 


being  currently  marketed  in  the  automotive,  truck  and  truck 
body  field,  and  it  is  reported  that  plans  are  being  formed  to 
extend  hs  sale  to  a  broader  scope  of  civilian  usage  after  the  war. 

*  *      * 

It  has  been  announced  that  basic  patents  covering  elec- 
tronic vulcanization  of  rubber  and  other  materials  have 
been  purchased  by  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.  and  Firestone  Tire 
&  Rubber  Co.  The  patents  were  originally  granted  on  dis- 
coveries made  by  R.  A.  Dufour  and  H.  A.  Leduc,  of  France, 
and  by  E.  E.  W.  Kassner,  of  Switzerland. 

In  making  the  announcement,  the  two  companies  stated 
that  the  patents  would  be  made  available  both  to  the  rub- 
ber and  the  plastics  industries  on  a  reasonable  basis,  in  the 
interest  of  speeding  electronic  development  so  that  im- 
proved rubber  and  plastics  products  at  lower  cost  will 
ultimately  be  made  available  to  consumers. 

Electronic  vulcanization,  by  its  rapid  creation  of  uniform 
heat  throughout  the  product  being  vulcanized,  is  said  to 
make  possible  the  saving  of  considerable  time  and  to  pro- 
vide other  advantages  in  molding,  improvement  of  prod- 
ucts, etc.  An  electronic  sewing  machine  which  "stitches" 
with  heat  instead  of  thread  is  being  used  in  the  fabrication 
of  new  plastics  films  and  fabrics. 

*  *     * 

Under  recently-completed  arrangements  between  The 
Jasper  Wood  Grafters,  Inc.,  Jasper,  Ind.,  and  Dominion 
Plywoods,  Ltd.,  Southampton,  Ontario,  as  announced  by 
President  Cyril  D.  Henderson  of  the  latter-named  com- 
pany. Dominion  Plywoods  Ltd.  has  been  granted  exclusive 
Canadian  rights  to  the  use  of  the  patented  "Gramwood" 
process  of  molding. 

This  "Gramwood"  process,  described  as  a  radically  new 
method  of  molding  veneer  and  plywood,  developed  and 
patented  by  The  Jasper  Wood  Grafters,  Inc.,  is  said  to  have 
many  applications  in  the  household  and  office  furniture 
fields,  as  well  as  extensive  postwar  possibilities. 

*  »     * 

General  offices  of  Detroit  Mold  Engineering  Co.,  Detroit, 
Mich.,  were  recently  consolidated  and  moved  to  the  com- 
pany's factory  at  6686  East  McNichols  Rd..  where  added 
space  and  facilities  will  expedite  growing  production  and 

expansion. 

*  *     * 

Announcement  has  been  made  by  The  Lake  Erie  Chem- 
ical Co.,  Cleveland,  O.,  of  the  sale  of  its  Burgess  Fastening 
Equipment  Division,  which  will  now  operate  independently 
as  The  Burgess  Fastening  Co.,  1220  West  9th  St.,  Cleve- 
land, under  the  general  managership  of  Warren  S.  Johnson. 

*  *     * 

Men  and  women  employees  of  The  Formica  Insulation 
Co.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  manufacturers  of  laminated  plastics 
being  used  in  diversified  applications  in  the  war  effort,  have 
been  awarded  a  second  star  on  the  Army-Navy  "E"  Award 
for  production  achievement,  according  to  recent  announce- 
ment. 

*  *     » 

Sylvania  Industrial  Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  advises  of  the 
use  of  a  special  kind  of  cellophane  for  wrapping  pellets  of 
ammunition.  Said  to  be  in  use  on  all  major  battlefronts,  it  is 
described  as  being  remarkably  effective  in  protecting  trench 
mortar  ammunition  from  moisture.  Although  being  used 
entirely  for  war  requirements  at  this  time,  its  possibilities 
for  post-war  applications  are  expected  to  be  many. 

*  *      * 

Plasticote  Co.,  textile  coaters,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  has  reported 
the  company's  move  to  new  and  larger  quarters  at  9  Erie  St. 
The  Plasticote  plant  at  Ossining,  N.  Y.  has  been  closed  in  order 

APRIL  1945 


to  combine  its  facilities  with  those  of  the  Patcrson  estab- 
lishment at  _the  new  location,  which  provides  greater  space 
and  convenience  for  the  company's  operations. 


Construction  of  a  $1,500,000  chemical  plant  to  manufac- 
ture a  wide  variety  of  vinyl  copolymer  plastics  is  scheduled 
to  be  started  in  the  near  future,  at  Natrium,  W.  Va.,  by  the 
Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  according  to  announcement 
recently  made  by  P.  W.  Litchfield,  chairman  of  the  board, 
at  the  company's  headquarters  in  New  York  City. 

The  new  plant  is  to  have  a  capacity  of  3,000,000  Ibs  a  year, 
permission  to  build  it  having  been  granted  by  the  War  Pro- 
duction Board  because  of  the  wide  range  of  usefulness  of 
the  new  synthetics  in  war  materials  and  in  relieving  the 
critical  shortages  of  natural  rubber  products. 

Decision  to  build  the  plant  was  based  on  the  results  of 
research  carried  on  at  the  company's  laboratories  during 
the  past  two  years,  which  established  the  fact  that  the 
plastics  could  be  made  in  a  great  variety  of  forms  and  a 
wide  range  of  characteristics.  Particularly  useful  for  pack- 
aging purposes,  either  in  the  form  of  self-supporting  film 
or  as  a  coating  on  paper,  they  also  have  a  number  of  other 
uses.  As  fabric  coatings,  according  to  Dr.  L.  B.  Sebrell, 
Goodyear's  director  of  research,  they  can  be  used  wherever 
a  waterproof  or  abrasion-resistant  coating  is  required.  Ex- 
truded in  the  form  of  tubing,  these  new  copolymers  can  be 
used  for  insulating  wire  (being  flame-resistant  and  possess- 
ing good  electrical  properties,  it  is  said).  Among  other 
attributes  of  these  copolymers  are  listed  oil-resistance  and 
resistance  to  deteriorating  effects  of  the  ultra-violet  rays 
of  the  sun. 

An  exceptionally  wide  field  of  use  is  seen  for  these  new 
plastics,  says  Dr.  Sebrell,  because  an  extremely  large  num- 
ber of  them  is  possible. 


The  Metal  Specialty  Co.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  recently  an- 
nounced that  it  had  been  awarded  the  honor  of  being  privi- 
leged to  fly  the  tri-colored  Army-Navy  "E"  burgee  with 
three  stars,  in  recognition  of  its  consistently  high  record  of 
production. 


Duramold  Division  of  Fairchild  Engine  &  Airplane  Corp. 
has  announced  the  removal  of  its  general  office  and  factory 
from  New  York  City  to  Girts  Road,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


Timber  resources  to  supplement  the  raw  material  require- 
ments of  its  Algoma,  Wis.,  operation  have  been  contracted 
for  by  United  States  Plywood  Corp.,  Ltd.,  according  to 
recent  announcement  by  Lawrence  Ottinger,  president  of 
the  corporation,  the  purchase  consisting  of  44,000  acres 
of  virpin  timberland  in  Ontario,  Canada.  The  Algoma 
plant  is  at  present  operating  entirely  on  war  production, 
says  Mr.  Ottinger. 


Announcement  has  been  made  by  Walter  Kidde  &  Co., 
Inc.,  Belleville,  N.  J.,  that  the  company  has  recently  pur- 
chased the  capital  stock  of  Youngstown  Miller  Co.,  Inc., 
manufacturers  of  plastics  coaters  and  oil  reclaimers,  for- 
merly of  Sandusky,  O.,  but  with  main  office  now  located  at 
Main  St.,  Belleville.  It  is  further  announced  that  sale 
of  the  Youngstown  Miller  products  will  continue  through 
selected  distributors  and  representatives  of  the  parent 
company. 

*     *     * 

New  projects  and  products  that  DuPont  will  be  ready  to 
launch  when  the  war  is  over,  together  with  increased  out- 
lets for  existing  products,  are  expected  to  bring  an  all-time 
high  in  the  company's  peace-time  employment,  according 
to  a  recent  estimate. 

In  1942  nearly  half  of  DuPont's  gross  sales — 46% — con- 
sisted of  products  that  either  did  not  exist  in  1928  or  were 
not  then  manufactured  in  large  commercial  quantities. 

In  the  United  States  the  company  now  has  more  than 
70,000  research  workers  in  3400  industrial  laboratories. 


Ingenious  New 

Technical  Methods 


Presented  in  the  hope  that  they  will 
prove  Interesting  and  useful  to  you. 


New  Quick-set  Dial  Drill  Sharpener 

Eliminates  Guesswork ...  Keeps  'em 

Drilling  Faster  — Longer 


Attached  to  the  Drill  Sharpener, 
it  adjusts  drill  edges  to  the 
proper  angle  for  precision 
grinding,  putting  drill  sharp- 
ening on  a  quick,  efficient  basis. 

QUICK-SET  DIAL  easily  and 
accurately  adjusts  Sharpener 
for  sharpening  drillfrom  5/32* 
to  1  sizes.  Dial  insures  accu- 
racy in  measuring  angles  and 
clearances  on  twist  drills,  pre- 
venting trouble  and  making 
drills  last  longer.  Dial-Set 
sharpened  drills  cut  faster  and 
more  accurately,  as  the  edges 
are  alike  and  uniformly 
sharpened. 

Precision  built,  calibrated 
and  tested,  unit  is  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate.  Saves  wear  and 
tear  on  drill  presses— prolongs 
drill  life— cuts  costs— improves 
quality — speeds  output. 

Another  thing  worth  remem- 
bering is  VC'rigley's  Spearmint 
Gum.  That  familiar  red,  white 
and  green  package  which  al- 
ways meant  "a  help  on  your 
job."  No  more  of  this  famous 
brand  and  flavor  is  being  made 
for  anyone  now — even  for  the 
Armed  Forces  overseas— as 
Wrigley's  stockpile  of  finest 
quality  raw  materials  is  all  used 
up.  But— remember  Vi'rigley's 
Spearmint— The  Flavor  Lasts. 

Ytu  an  git  ctmpUtt  hftnutiut  frtm 
IxJxitrul  SfKultitt,  122  S. 


Front  view  of  grinder 


Side  view  of  grinder 


Z-oO 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


99 


Completion  of  what  is  described  as  "the  largest  and  most 
advanced  research  laboratory  ever  created  for  the  develop- 
ment of  improved  tires  and  other  rubber  and  plastics  prod- 
ucts," has  been  announced  by  John  W.  Thomas,  chairman 
of  the  Firestone  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  Akron,  O. 

Extremely  modern  in  every  possible  detail  of  construc- 
tion and  equipment,  the  laboratory  is  designed  to  facilitate 
research  in  improvement  for  immediate  wartime  require- 
ments, as  well  as  further  development  on  postwar  projects. 


Lieutenant  Charles  D.  Wiley,  Washington,  D.  C.,  a  29- 
year-old  war  veteran,  was  selected  as  winner  of  the  first 
prize  in  the  second  annual  small  house  competition  of 
the  magazine  Arts  &  Architecture,  sponsored  by  United 
States  Plywood  Corp.  Lieut.  Wiley's  winning  design, 
calling  for  a  simple  plywood  house  of  modern  lines  and 
planning,  is  pictured  above. 

The  competition,  designed  to  stimulate  interest  in 
"America's  Ideal  Postwar  Small  Home"  for  the  average 
family,  attracted  hundreds  of  entries.  In  nearly  all  of  the 
rating  plans  submitted,  emphasis  was  placed  on  the  de- 
sirability of  factory-built,  field-assembled  structural  and 


utility  units,   which  would  not  conflict  with   individual   tastes] 
in  architecture.     Factors  of  efficiency,  compactness,  con- 1 
venience  and  comfort,  plus  economy,  were  considerations 
of  most  of  the  entrants,  according  to  announcement  of  the 
award. 


Ned  G.  Levien,  president  of  the  Ivorycraft  Co.,  Inc.,  Long  (] 
Island  City,  N.  Y.,  has  announced  that  he  has  bought  the  || 
plant  and  all  of  the  physical  assets  of  that  company,  which  i 
he  founded  in  1926,  and  is  continuing  the  business  at  the  |j 
same  address,  under  the  name  of  Ned  G.  Levien  Co. 

*  *     * 

In  a  recently-held  ceremony  at  the  company's  plant,  the 
personnel  of  Radio  Receptor  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  i 
received  the  second   White  Star,  representing  their  third  I 
award  from   the  United  States  Army  and  Navy  for  high  I 
performance  on  the  production  line. 

*  *     * 

The  organization  of  Optical  Plastics  Co.,  which  will  pro- 
duce optical  equipment  with  plastics  elements,  at  115 
Jericho  Turnpike,  Mineola,  N.  Y.,  has  recently  been  an- 
nounced. 

*  *     * 

A  further  addition  to  the  company's  manufacturing  plant 
is  announced  by  O.  C.  Stahl,  president  of  The  American  Ex- 
truded Products  Co.,  1001  N.  La  Brea  Ave.,  Hollywood, 
Calif.,  providing  the  company  with  a  total  of  13,000  sq  ft  of 
space  devoted  exclusively  to  the  manufacture  of  extruded 
products  for  the  aircraft,  ship  building,  and  motion  picture 
industries. 

In  addition  to  the  manufacture  of  extrusions,  from 
powder  to  finished  product,  the  company  advises  that  it  also 
fabricates  and  designs,  and  maintains  an  experimental  and 
research  department  for  manufacturers. 


Kux  Preform  Presses 

THE  NEW  MASSIVE  MODEL  65  PRODUCES 
PREFORMS  3"  DIAMETER,  HAS  A  3"  DIE 
FILL  AND  APPLIES  75  TONS  PRESSURE 

Thi»  rugged  preform  press  with  its  heavy  duty,  one-piece  east 
steel  main  frame  will  produce  odd  shapes  as  well  as  round 
preforms.  The  pressure  applied  by  both  top  and  bottom  punches 
results  in  more  solid,  dense  preforms,  which  have  less  tendency 
to  crumble  or  break  during  handling.  This  new  Model  65  press 
is  built  to  safely  withstand  high  pressures  of  up  to  75  tons  at 
top  production  efficiency. 

Choice  of  a  complete  size  range  of  machines  in  both  single  punch 
models  and  multiple  punch  rotaries  is  also  available. 

Writ*  Dopt.  PL  for  catalog  or  domomtratlon 


Kux  MACHINE  COMPANY 

J9J4-44     W.    HARRISON    ST.     •     CHICAGO     94,    ILLINOIS 


I 


100 


MODEL  65 


APRIL  1945 


Changes  in  the  branch  office  personnel  of  Owens-Corn- 
ing Fiberglas  Corp.,  Toledo,  O.,  have  been  announced  by 
W.  P.  Zimmerman,  vice  president,  as  follows:  Ben  S. 
Wright,  who  has  been  manager  of  the  Fiberglas  Fabrics 
Division  in  the  Toledo  general  offices,  since  1940,  has  been 
transferred  to  Cleveland  to  manage  the  company's  branch 
uftice  there,  succeeding  W.  H.  Atkinson,  who  in  turn  suc- 
ceeds Frank  L.  Myers  as  Chicago  branch  manager. 

Mr.  Myers,  it  is  announced,  is  returning  to  the  Toledo 
offices  to  engage  on  special  Fiberglas  assignments  in  the 
field  of  thermal  insulation.  Earl  Swaim,  formerly  branch 
manager  in  Buffalo,  is  also  returning  to  the  Toledo  office. 


Ben  S.  Wright  R.  L.  Westbee  B.  W.  Lueck 

G.  H.  Halpin,  vice  president  and  sales  manager  of  Min- 
nesota Mining  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  has  announced  the 
following  promotions  in  the  company's  tape  division:  Ber- 
nard W.  Lueck  has  been  made  products  sales  manager  of 
industrial  "Scotch"  masking  tape,  sandblast  stencil  and 
"Scotch-Rap;"  Robert  L.  Westbee  has  been  named  sales 
manager  of  electrical  tape  and  electrical  insulation  products; 
and  O.  N.  Del  Porte  has  become  sales  manager  for  the  shoe 

tape  line. 

*      *      * 

S.  W.  Jones,  Jr.,  was  recently  appointed  assistant  district 
manager  of  the  New  England  district  of  Celanese  Plastics 
Corp.,  a  division  of  Celanese  Corp.  of  America.  W.  R. 
Poucher,  formerly  associated  with  Sylvania  Industrial 
Corp.,  succeeds  Mr.  Jones  as  assistant  to  the  director  of  the 
films  and  foils  division  at  the  N.  Y.  office. 
*  «  * 

Recently  announced  was  the  election  of  George  O. 
Boomer  to  the  presidency  of  The  Girdler  Corp.,  Louisville, 
K>.,  which  is  parent  corporation  of  Thermex  (one  of  its 
three  divisions).  Mr.  Boomer  succeeded  Walter  H.  Girdler, 
Sr.,  who  died  early  this  year. 


4s* 


G.  O.  Boomer 


S.  W. 


.  Jr. 


H.  F.  Kula. 


The  appointment  of  Howard  F.  Kulas  to  the  post  of  vice 
president  in  charge  of  operations  for  Plastic  Molded  Prod- 
ucts, Inc.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  has  been  announced  by  the 
board  of  directors  of  that  company. 


AUBURN  ENGINEERING... 

to  help  solve  your 
Molded  Plastic  Problems 

Does  the  design  lend  itself  to  plastic  molding? 
Could  it  be  made  better?  What  plastit  will 
be  best?  These  are  questions  for  exp<-rt>  in 
answer. 

Auburn's  engineers  have  been  solving  such 
problems  for  70  years.  From  design  stage  to 
delivery,  engineering  "know-how"  means 
uninterrupted  production  of  perfect  p;irt->. 


For  small  parts  molded  automatically  at  low 
cost,  write:  Woodruff  Company  Division, 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Auburn,  New  York. 


AUBURN   ENGINEERED   PLASTIC 


ypcs  of  Molding  Complete  Mold  Shop 

Extruded  Tubes  and  Shape* 


AUBURN    BUTTON   WORKS 


APRIL  1945 


HLASTI CS 


101 


Rotorex  Precision  Tapper 

CONVERTS  YOUR  DRILL  PRESS  TO 
A  PRECISION  TAPPING  MACHINE 

The  attachment  may  be  Installed  and  removed  in  a  matter  of  minutes. 


CHECK  THESE  FEATURES: 

Positive  and  Automatic  Control  of  Lead 

Hardened  and  Precision  Ground  Lead  Screws 

Instantaneous  Emergency   Reverse 

Complete  Automatic  Cycle 

Accurate  control  of  depth.   Accuracy  to  .010" 

Foot  control  of  tapping  cycle  leaves  Operator's 

hands  free  for  loading  work 

Capacity  5-40  to  %" 

Minimum   of   investment  —  COMPLETE   ATTACH- 

MENT $175.00 


ll 


Two  weeks  delivery  on  Tappers  for  14"  and  17 
Delta;  approximately  6  weeks  for  other  types  of  Dril 
Presses  having  a  round  column  of  from  2'/2  to  3% 
diameter  and  throat  depth  of  from  7  to  10  inches 


WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FURTHER  DESCRIPTIVE  UTERATUREl 


DOUGLAS   MACHINERY   CO.,  Inc. 


ISO    BROADWAY 


NEW    YORK,  N.  Y. 


Canadian  SP/  Conference 

The  third  annual  conference  of  the  Canadian  section  of 
the  SPI,  held  at  the  Mount  Royal  Hotel,  Montreal,  on  Feb- 
ruary 6  and  7,  was  attended  by  approximately  400  plas- 
tics molders,  extruders,  fabricators  and  material  suppliers 
from  all  parts  of  Canada. 

The  program  was  arranged  to  cover  subjects  relating 
to  plastics  of  concern  mainly  to  the  war  effort,  inasmuch 
as  the  Canadian  plastics  industry,  like  that  in  the  United 
States,  is  almost  wholly  converted  to  the  production  of 
war  materiel.  Topics  of  timely  interest  to  those  in  at- 
tendance at  the  conference  were  covered  in  detail,  and 
included  such  subjects  as  post  formed  laminates,  described 
by  J.  Roger  White,  vice  president  in  charge  of  sales  of  the 
Formica  Insulation  Co.;  electronic  heating  of  plastics, 
covered  by  J.  D.  McDonald,  of  McDonald  Mfg.  Co.;  resins 
for  plywood  formed  the  subject  of  a  paper  by  R.  D.  His- 
cocks  of  National  Research  Council;  blow  molding  of  ther- 
moplastics was  handled  in  a  paper  of  James  Bailey,  of  the 
Plax  Corp.  Other  topics  listed  in  the  program  included 
talks  on  residual  strains  in  formed  methacrylate  sheets, 
by  Dr.  R.  Richardson,  Duplate  Ltd.;  plastics  for  wire  cov- 
ering, by  Douglass  Short,  Canada  Wire  &  Cable  Co.;  and 
plastics  wartime  applications,  by  W.  J.  Connelly,  manager 
of  the  consumer  relations  division  of  Bakelite  Corp.,  a  unit 
of  Carbide  &  Carbon  Corp. 

In  his  address,  Mr.  White  presented  comprehensively  the 
story  of  the  recently-developed  process  of  post  forming  of 
laminates,  as  used  in  the  production  of  many  aircraft  and 
other  "war  parts,"  citing  attributes  of  light  weight,  high 
strength,  and  rigidity. 

The  subject  of  blow  molding  of  plastics,  as  dealt  with  by 
Mr.  Bailey,  classified  the  operation  of  such  molding  into 
three  general  methods,  and  proceeded  through  basic  com- 
parison of  the  three  methods.  (See  Mr.  Bailey's  article, 
page  70,  this  issue.) 


J.  R.  White 


D.   Hiscocks 


J.  McDonald 


Dr.  Hiscocks  in  his  discourse  on  plywood  structures 
covered  in  detail  the  topic  of  resins  for  such  purpose. 

Types  of  stress  and  their  respective  effects,  and  experi- 
mentation toward  their  correction,  were  discussed  by  Dr. 
Richardson  in  his  address  on  the  subject. 

W.  J.  Connelly's  speech  reviewed,  in  brief,  some  of  the 
significant  developments  in  plastics  since  Pearl  Harbor. 

Describing  how  certain  plastics  which  came  suddenly  to 
the  fore  during  the  critical  rubber  situation  have  displayed 
desirable  and  frequently  superior  properties,  Mr.  Short's 
address  was  planned  to  indicate  the  importance  of  these 
materials  in  the  wire  industry,  where  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  pounds  are  said  to  be  used  annually  in  wire  cover- 
ing, ducting,  and  various  insulating  applications. 

Mr.  McDonald,  in  covering  the  topic  of  "heatronic  mold- 
ing," discussed  details  of  molding  methods,  results,  and 

.  w^a  APRTT.   194.R 


possibilities,  mentioning  the  over-all  saving  in  molding  cy- 
cle and  greater  adaptability  in  molding  thick  cross  sections, 
as  obtainable  by  the  preheating  method. 

A  review  of  SPI  activities  during  1944  was  presented  by 
W.  T.  Cruse,  executive  vice  president  of  the  association, 
on  the  second  day  of  the  conference.  Business  meetings, 
luncheons,  dinners  and  other  "get-together"  arrangements, 
including  movies  and  television,  formed  additional  high- 
lights of  the  conference. 

Tying  in  with  the  conference,  a  radio  address  by  Dr.  R. 
V.  V.  Nichols,  of  McGill  University,  was  broadcast  over 
C.B.C.  Trans-Canada  from  Montreal,  on  February  3.  The 
subject  of  Dr.  Nichols'  address  was  "Plastics  Education 
in  Canada."  Other  radio  broadcasts  scheduled  to  coincide 
with  the  conference  were  one  by  George  K.  Scribner,  presi- 
dent of  SPI,  and  by  K.  W.  Braithwaite,  chairman  of  the 
SPI  Canadian  section. 


Lighfing   Exposition  Postponed 

The  International  Lighting  Exposition  scheduled  for  Chi- 
cago, April  19-23,  has  been  postponed  until  next  year,  according 
to  announcement  by  S.  R.  Naysmith,  chairman  of  the  Industrial 
and  Commercial  Lighting  Equipment  Section  of  the  National 
Electrical  Mfrs.  Association.  This  is  in  compliance  with  the 
expressed  desire  of  the  Government  to  reduce  travel  congestion 
resulting  from  conventions  and  expositions. 


SPI  Pacific  Coast  Section  Meets 

The  Pacific  Coast  Section  of  the  SPI,  at  its  annual  executive 
meeting  at  Los  Angeles,  in  March,  elected  the  following  new 
officers :  Chairman,  Frank  Wilcox,  president  of  Wilcox  Plastics 
Co. ;  vice  chairman,  Robert  A.  Cooper,  Plastic  Tool  &  Die  Co. ; 
secretary,  R.  B.  Gutsch,  Plastic  &  Die-Cast  Products  Corp.; 
treasurer,  Ted  Templin,  McDonald  Mfg.  Co.;  membership  chair- 


man, Bert  Murman,  Wilson,  George  Meyer  Co. ;  technical  com- 
mittee chairman,  W.  I.  Beach,  North  American  Aviation, 
Inc. 

Fred  Kennedy,  American  Molding  Co.,  was  named  northern 
California  representative;  Arthur  J.  Norton,  Seattle,  Washing- 
ton representative;  Horace  lilackman,  Calplasti  Corp.,  fabrica- 
tors' representative;  M.  T.  Gardiner,  Celanese  Plastics  Corp., 
material  manufacturers'  representative;  and  Geoge  Davies,  Jr., 
Eccles,  Davies  Machinery  Co.,  machinery  dealers'  representative. 


ACS  Midwest  4word 

The  first  Midwest  Award  of  the  American  Chemical  So- 
ciety, St.  Louis  Section,  was  presented  Dr.  Lucas  P.  Ky- 
rides,  research  director  of  the  Organic  Chemicals  Division 
of  Monsanto  Chemical  Co.,  at  an  award  dinner  in  his  honor, 
at  the  Coronado  Hotel,  St.  Louis,  on  March  5. 

This  award  is  a  gold  medallion  which  is  to  be  given  an- 
nually by  the  St.  Louis  Section  to  the  individual  adjudged 
most  outstanding  in  the  point  of  "meritorious  contribution 
to  the  advancement  of  pure  or  applied  chemistry  or  chemi- 
cal education." 

Presentation  of  the  award  was  made  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Wil- 
lard,  professor  of  chemistry,  University  of  Michigan. 


SPE  Forms  Milwaukee  Chapter 

A  new  chapter  of  the  SPE,  Inc.,  has  been  formed  in  Mil- 
waukee, with  P.  R.  Marvin,  of  the  Milwaukee  Gas  Specialty 
Co.,  as  Section  president,  and  with  the  following  board  of 
directors:  A.  D.  Foote,  Allis  Chalmers  Co.;  R.  P.  Geisler, 
J.  M.  Nash,  and  A.  Williams,  all  of  Eclipse  Moulded  Prod- 
ucts Co.;  H.  R.  Marshall,  Cutler-Hammer  Co.;  S.  P.  Walsh, 
Formica  Insulating  Co.;  G.  Kroening,  Chicago  Die  Mold 
&  Mfg.  Co.;  W.  F.  Strutz,  Chicago  Molded  Products  Corp.; 
and  Mr.  Marvin. 


•v  .:r-  ':<: 

^ 
^ 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


. 
MB*:'-! 

BOUGHT  -  SOLD 
or  RECLAIMED  for  YOU! 


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A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
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CELLULOSE  ACETATE  — CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 

A   Dependable   Source  of  Supply  (or  re-worked  Ce/lu/ose  Acetate 
ond  Ce//u/ose  Bufyro/e  molding  powders 

GERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENILWORTH,  N.  I. 
APRIL  1945  PLASTICS 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 

103 


MILLING  ATTACHMENT  FOR  VERTICAL 
OR  HORIZONTAL  MILLING  MACHINES. 
BALL  BEARINGS  ON  ALL  SPINDLES. 


f7  B  &•  S;  ft  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


FOR  GLASS,  PORCELAIN,  DIE  CAST  OR 
PLASTIC  MOLDS,  METAL  PATTERNS, 
FORGING  DIES,  MODEL  MAKERS,  FORMING 
DIES,  AUTOMOBILE  AND  SHEET  METAL 
DIES,  OR  ANY  CAVITY  MOLDS. 


#7  B  6-  S;  tt  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


ADAPTER  TO  KIT  MACHINE. 

CLAMPS  ON  MACHINE  AND  ADAPTER. 

SOLID  AS  A  ROCK. 


A  number  of  mold  makers,  both  plastic  and 
die  casting,  have  requested  us  to  make  a  90° 
head  to  go  on  their  milling  machines,  for  those 
jobs  they  could  not  do  with  their  present  ver- 
tical and  horizontal  machines,  in  milling  hard- 
to-get-at  cavities  in  molding  dies. 

Well,  we  have  met  that  request,  and  your  mill- 
ing machine  heads  are  ready  to  go  to  work. 
The  orders  that  mold  makers  are  sending  us, 
by  wire,  by  phone,  by  mail— and  the  satisfied 
letters  that  come  back,  are  proof — You  need 
it  too. 

Deliveries^  Two  Weeks. 


INVINCIBLE  TOOL  CO. 

6200  EMPIRE  BL   PITTSBURGH  22,  PA 

Mo^U  oj  floJt  IvUetl  and  job  Plane*.  'Jooli 


overseas 


By  KENNETH  R.  PORTER 

Plastics'   London   Correspondent 

The  only  G.I.  (U.  S.  Army)  plastics  shops  in  Europe  broke 
one  of  the  great  bottlenecks  of  the  war  when  shortages  of  plas- 
tics and  rubber  rings,  which  seal  the  blades  in  propeller  hubs, 
threatened  to  ground  hundreds  of  planes  needed  for  the  massive 
D-day  air  offensive. 

Working  against  a  deadline,  an  impregnated  phenolic  cloth 
ring  was  produced  that  completely  solved  the  problem.  Not  only 
was  it  found  to  be  more  flexible,  but  a  slight  change  in  design 
of  the  sealing  edge  permitted  greater  adhesion  to  the  blade  when 
prop  torque  moved  the  outside  plastics  ring.  So  good  was  its 
performance  that  it  is  standard  equipment  today. 

In  fact,  so  spectacular  is  the  performance  of  this  entire  shop 
that  its  foreman,  Master  Sgt.  Virgil  E.  Buchanan,  has  recently 
been  awarded  the  Legion  of  Merit.  His  citation  reads  that  he 
"designed  and  built  hydraulic  presses  and  molding  machinery 
from  salvaged  equipment  from  engine  test  blocks  and  hydraulic 
systems  of  airplanes"  .  .  .  "and  through  his  resourcefulness  and 
ingenuity  this  machinery  was  built  and  critical  air  corps  .  . .  items 
were  placed  in  production.  .  .  ." 


Master  Sgt.  Buchanan  with  some  of  the  parts  molded 
at  the  "G.I."  plastics  shop.  A  350-ton  pressure  mold- 
ing press  (right)  is  one  oi  machines  built  by  the  men 

But  Sgt.  Buchanan  is  accustomed  to  winning  awards.  In  1941, 
working  on  extruded  plastics  with  the  Macklenburg-Duncan 
Company  of  Oklahoma  City,  his  work  enabled  the  firm  to 
win  first  prize  for  architectural,  interior  decorating  and  furni- 
ture design  at  the  National  Exposition  of  Plastics  in  New  York. 

Ai  a  civilian  technician  in  1942  he  built  a  60- ft  plastics  extrud- 
ing machine  at  the  San  Antonio  Air  Depot,  later  heading  the 
plastics  molding  shop  at  the  Oklahoma  City  Air  Depot  He 
joined  the  army  in  1943  and  just  naturally  got  back  into  plastics 
at  an  Air  Service  Command  Depot  somewhere  in  England. 

The  development  of  this  unique  plastics  shop  is  a  tribute  to  the 
ingenuity  of  Sergeant  Buchanan  and  a  score  of  G.I.'s  .  .  .  men 
who  devised  machinery  and  equipment  "right  from  scratch"  to 
meet  battle-timed  orders. 

A  little  more  than  a  year  ago  officers  in  charge  of  this  huge 
aircraft  repair  depot  decided  that  a  plastics  shop  was  necessary. 
At  that  time  it  was  the  only  hope  of  obtaining  brake  seals  to 
get  grounded  P-47's  back  into  the  air.  So  they  "wrote  a 
blank  check."  Sgt.  Buchanan  could  have  whatever  men,  tools, 
and  material  he  needed.  But  equipment  would  have  to  be  built. 

Lining  up  a  good  crew  of  25  men  to  build  equipment  was  fairly 
easy.  There  are  plenty  of  expert  $2  an  hour  tool  and  diemakers 
working  for  a  soldier's  pay.  And  the  magic  word  "plastics"  drew 


a  number  of  other  enterprising  men  anxious  for  experience  in  a 
field  with  post-war  possibilities. 

Because  there  was  no  surplus  molding  equipment  available  in 
England  the  men  started  right  in  building  their  own  hand- 
operated  compression  presses.  At  the  same  time  they  hopefully 
put  in  a  $77,000  order  for  equipment  from  "the  States." 

Their  first  presses,  of  original  design,  were  of  the  vertical 
type  with  upstroke  movement  of  plastics.  A  commercial  truck- 
type  jack  was  used  to  actuate  the  platen  movement  on  the 
smaller  presses  and  motor -driven  pumps  on  the  larger  presses. 
The  heating  medium  is  hot  oil,  heated  by  an  electric  immersion 
heater  and  circulated  by  a  pump.  Temperatures  are  thermo- 
statically controlled.  Ram  pressures  range  from  10  to  25  tons 
on  small  presses  to  100  tons  on  motor  driven  pump  presses. 

Raw  metal  was  easy  to  obtain,  but  specialized  parts  were  not. 
The  whole  base  was  scoured.  Aircraft  thermostats,  with  the 
Centigrade  scale  changed  to  Fahrenheit,  made  good  controls. 
Dial  pressure  gauges  off  instrument  panels  worked  fine  when 
line  pressure  readings  were  converted  to  ram  pressures.  Photo- 
graphic dark  room  time-alarms  made  excellent  timers. 

Work  was  started  immediately  on  the  first  completed  press 
turning  out  the  rubber  brake  seals  for  P-47's.  Hopes  for  the 
$77,000  order  from  the  States  were  rapidly  fading,  so  more 
presses  were  built.  So  far,  eleven  presses  have  been  completed, 
four  of  them  power-operated  hydraulically ;  and  the  men  are  still 
building  equipment,  including  an  injection  machine  for  thermo- 
plastics and  a  350-ton  press  for  mold  hobbing. 


Hand  presses  on  which  ram  pressures  of  10  to  25  tons  are 
developed  were  built  from  salvaged  materials  and  are  part 
of  the  equipment  of  this  Air  Service  Command  plastics  shop 

The  injection  machine  is  of  the  horizontal  type  with  a  short 
capacity  of  3  oz,  and  it  will  be  completely  hydraulically  operated 
with  an  electrically  heated  injection-cylinder  and  steam-heated, 
water-cooled  mold. 

Orders  began  to  pile  in  after  the  first  press  was  completed. 
At  first  the  Sergeant  did  the  molding  while  the  men  looked  on. 
Later  they  gradually  caught  the  hang  of  it.  After  several 
months,  all  molding  supervision  was  turned  over  to  assistants. 

Orders  at  first  were  mostly  for  rubber  parts.  One  job  in- 
cluded 116,000  grommetts.  Another  was  for  80,000  shock-ab- 
sorbers, done  with  an  84-cavity  mold  with  about  100  parts. 

They  couldn't  get  molding  machinery,  but  they  did  get  the 
best  sort  of  U.  S.  tool  and  die  equipment.  In  the  die  shop  are 
two  rotary  head  milling  machines,  several  standard  mills,  lathes, 
horizontal  and  vertical  shapers,  drill  presses,  special  saws,  and 
a  jig  boring  machine. 

Soon  the  plastics  jobs  began  to  develop.  There  are  more  than 
300  different  kinds  of  plastics  parts  on  the  average  aircraft, 
and  many  types  have  numerous  variations. 

The  first  big  plastics  job,  one  of  the  best  from  the  standpoint 
of  size  and  workmanship,  was  a  bombsight  cover  enclosing  the 
bombardier's  calibrating  gauge.  Available  facilities  wouldn't 
permit  the  usual  thermoplastics  construction,  so  it  was  made  of 
thermosetting  material  with  a  clear  thermoplastics  window  sealed 
in  at  the  top.  The  covers  are  13*  long,  3#"  wide  and  1^*  high. 


)  IMI1II 
PROBLEMS 

Ottto 

M'Aleer 


*  A       BY  THE   ABOVE   REQUEST, 

we  don't  wish  to  imply  that  we 

^t  B£M-          /»•«/€•>•  tlu-  toughest  nuts  in  crack. 

f  f*.  f  What  we  want  to  establish,  is 
^^•V  that  our  broad  experience  in  pro- 

duction finishing  procedure  and 
product  improvement  through  finishing,  makes  us 
confident  that  we  can  help  you  materially  to  meet  your 
war  production  plastic  finishing  requirements  — and 
aid  in  your  post-war  finishing  planning  too. 

If  you  are  extending  the  way  in  which  plastics  are 
serving  the  war  effort,  you  will  have  need  of  the  broad, 
practical  plastic  finishing  knowledge  offered  by  Mc- 
Aleer's  Plastic  Finishing  Division. 

Let  McAJeer  study  your  problem.  Whether  it  involves 
plastics  or  metals  or  a  combination  of  both,  we  can 
recommend  job-proven  finishing  methods  and  mate- 
rials—and follow  through  as  needed. 

The  value  of  this  service  is  written  in  the  production 
records  of  manufacturers  whose  plastic  finishing  de- 
partments are  working  today  under  greater  pressure 
than  ever  before. 

Just  write  or  phone.  We'll  be  glad  to  furnish  com- 
plete details  and  characteristics  of  the  McAleer  Quality- 
Controlled  plastic  finishing  material  that  is  job-fitted  to 
meet  your  particular  needs.  No  matter  how  tough 
your  finishing  problem  may  be— McAleer  can  crack  it. 


FOR  FAST  ACTION,  if  lh»  prodvch  you  ui.  or 
mole*  or*  derived  from  thm  baft)  material  f  be/ow, 
(•no*  somp/*s  of  work  or  on  outline  of  what  you 
want  in  fh*  way  of  finith.  Wf'll  tofc«  if  from  thtrm. 

PHENOI-FORMAIDEHYDES  •  UREA-FORMALDE- 
HYDES •  ACRYLATES  and  METHACRYLATES 
STYRENE5  •  HARD  RUBBERS  •  CASEINS  •  ETHYL- 
CELLULOSES  •  CELLULOSE  ACHATES  •  CELLULOSE 
ACETATE  BUTYRATES  •  CELLULOSE  NITRATES 


MANUFACTURING  CO. 


ROCHESTER,  MICH. 

PLASTICS    FINISHING    DIVISION      *      * 


M<ALEEH    MANUFACTURING    CO.,    CHATHAM.    ONT. 


APRIL  194.') 


I'L.ISTICS 


105 


AUTO  UPHOLSTERY  THAT 
STAYS  EVERLASTINGLY  NEW 

Imagine  upholstery  that  retains  its  bright  colors  indefinitely. 
...seating  on  which  dirt,  grease  and  even  ink  can  be  wiped 
clean  with  a  damp  cloth  to  keep  it  constantly  fresh  and  new. 
Fabrics  woven  of  SARAN  BY  NATIONAL  are  tough,  resist 
abrasion  and  offer  no  end  of  long-lasting  service. 

NATIONAL  rxiru.Ui  SARAN  monofiUment  (or  manufacturer* 
of  numcrou*  product*.  Write  (or  umpire  of  SARAN  and  we'll 
be  itlaJ  to  Jucuu  itk  pOMibilitici  in  relation  to  your  future  plant. 


nuTinnni,  PLRSTI 


OOfNTON.   M»»YVAND 


In  use  by  leading  plants 
everywhere,  the  Dillon  port- 
able tester  is  truly  Universal. 
Tests  in  COMPRESSION- 
TENSILE-TRANSVERSE 
or  SHEAR,  and  is  amazingly 
simple  to  operate!  Has  self- 
aligning  grips,  maximum 
hand,  7  different  gauges  — 
all  interchangeable!  Capac- 
ities from  250  up  to  10,000 
Ibs.  May  be  motorized  or 
hand  operated. 


For  that  poit-war  lob- 
be  lure  yours  i>  a  preci- 
sion Dillon  Tester.  Low  In 
colt,  it  if  made  for  a  lite- 
time  of  fine  service!  Write 
today  for  8-page  folder 
in  color. 


DILLON 


TESTER 


W.  C.  DILLON  &  CO.,  INC. 

5408  WEST  HARRISON  ST. 
CHICAGO  44,  ILLINOIS,  U.  S.  A. 


Another  good  job  was  the  detonator  cover  for  an  explosive 
device  on  Fortresses  and  Liberators  used  to  destroy  secret  in- 
struments in  the  event  of  an  anticipated  crash. 

These  had  been  made  of  transparent  Lucite  in  one  piece,  and 
were  consistently  cracking  from  contraction  in  high  altitude 
cold.  They  are  an  important  item  as  they  enable  the  pilot  to 
see  at  a  glance  whether  the  trigger  on  the  detonator  is  cocked. 

The  new  shop  made  them  of  thermosetting  material  with  a 
thermoplastics  transparent  window  inserted  with  non-setting  glue, 
The  thread  fit  on  the  part  itself  was  given  more  room  so  that 
it  could  contract  without  tightening  on  the  shaft.  Not  one  of 
these  covers  has  ever  cracked. 

In  another  case  dial  window  frames  were  badly  needed  for 
airborne  radio  sets ;  a  big  order,  since  there  are  several  sets  on 
each  bomber.  Ordinarily  made  of  metal,  this  would  have  meant 
a  complicated  machining  job  on  each  one,  requiring  months  for 
the  initial  order  of  200.  The  entire  order  was  completed  in  a 
few  weeks. 

Perhaps  their  highest  precision  job  was  a  gear  and  crank 
assembly  for  airborne  radios.  This  consisted  of  a  plastics  cover, 
knob  and  handle  and  three  plastics  gears,  all  with  metal  inserts. 
These  were  fitted  down  to  a  .002  tolerance,  considerably  closer 
than  most  commercial  manufacturers  care  to  work.  There 
were  very  few  rejects.  END 


Machining  Cellulose  Nitrate 
(Continued  from  page  32) 


has  been  cut  to  impress  the  required  pattern.  The  die  need 
be  made  of  nothing  tougher  than  brass,  but  it  should  be 
highly  polished  in  order  to  reduce  pressure  friction  against 
the  material  and  to  reduce  the  possibility  of  the  blank 
sticking  to  the  die.  As  the  material  is  soft,  no  great  pres- 
sure need  be  exerted  upon  it  by  the  die.  Immediately  upon 
relief  of  the  pressure  the  shaped  piece  must  be  dropped 
into  cold  water.  This  sets  the  pattern  at  once.  Cooling 
must  be  rapid,  because  gradual  cooling,  at  surrounding 
temperature,  will  offer  the  material  an  opportunity  to  start 
reverting  to  its  original  shape.  Feed  may  be  as  rapid  as 
the  operator  can  make  it.  The  blank  must,  of  course,  be 
held  in  alignment  with  the  descending  die.  Under  the 
operator's  left  hand  in  the  photo  illustrating  this  operation 
is  a  jig  which  not  only  provides  a  chamber  for  this  purpose, 
but  also  has  a  simple  spring-actuated  finger-operated  release 
for  withdrawal  of  the  piece  after  shaping. 

Driffing 

Standard  twist  drills  as  small  as  No.  56  may  be  used 
for  drilling  operations  on  cellulose  nitrate  stock.  Carbon 
steel  drills  may  be  used,  but  high-speed  steel  drills  are 
preferable.  The  drills  should  be  wide-fluted  and  should 
have  or  be  given  a  sharp  web,  a  fair  rake,  and  a  clearance 
angle  of  at  least  10°. 

No  coolant  is  necessary  in  drilling  cellulose  nitrate  if  the 
operating  speed  is  normal  and  the  feed  unforced.  For  deep 
holes,  especially  those  of  considerable  diameter,  with- 
drawal of  the  drill  for  chip  removal  should  be  somewhat 
more  frequent  than  for  other  thermoplastics.  Caking  of 
the  drill  can  be  minimized  by  avoiding  forced  feed  and  by 
withdrawing  at  regular  intervals.  Spindle  speeds  will  be 
governed  mainly  by  drill  diameter,  but  in  no  operation  will 
they  be  very  high.  Even  for  a  1/64"  hole  the  operating 
speed  should  not  go  much  above  2600  rpm.  Optimum 
speeds  for  a  number  of  other  standard  diameters  are  as 
follows:  1/16"— 2100  rpm,  ft"— 1950  rpm,  y4"—l750  rpm, 
^"—1000  rpm. 

Turning 

The  relatively  rapid  feed  made  possible  by  the  revolving 
split  chuck  makes  the  small  machine  that  is  equipped 
with  this  device,  for  example,  the  button  turning  lathe  and 
lathe-derived  instruments  like  the  rod  machine,  a  very  effi- 


i  MI; 


if  I     t  +.   I    I  t 


A  PR  IT.   1<US 


cient  unit  for  small  parts  production  turning.  If  the  tools 
are  properly  ground  and  the  feed  is  correct,  the  regulation 
of  operating  speed  to  325  fpm  will  serve  well  for  most  of 
these  operations.  This  is  true  even  for  a  simultaneous 
turning  and  cut-off  process  of  the  kind  that  is  characteristic 
of  the  rod  machine.  No  coolant  will  be  necessary  in  proper 
operation. 

High-speed  steel  is  standard  for  turning  tools,  but  carbide- 
tipped  tools  are  more  economical  for  long  production  runs. 
The  tool  should  have  a  clearance  of  10°  or  more  and  should 
be  ground  to  a  negative  rake  of  about  3°.  It  should  be  set 
at,  or  only  very  slightly  above,  the  center  of  the  work.  Feed 
should  not  be  so  slow  as  to  cause  grazing  nor  so  rapid  as 
to  scorch  the  material. 

Threading  and  Tapping 

Standard  taps  and  dies  of  high-speed  steel  may  be  used 
in  the  threading  of  cellulose  nitrate.  Operating  speeds  will 
vary  with  the  dimensions  of  the  thread  and  the  diameter 
of  the  work,  but  a  mean  may  be  set  at  about  100  rpm  for 
threading  and  50  rpm  for  tapping.  As  high  an  operating 
speed  as  1750  rpm  is  attainable  with  the  type  of  thread- 
ing operation  in  which  a  spindle-mounted  spiral  gauge 
guides  a  toothed  cutter  which  is  fed  to  revolving  work. 

Mil/ing 

The  standard  milling  machine,  although  valuable  for 
operations  on  large  work,  generally  yields  in  the  fabrica- 
tion of  cellulose  nitrate  to  smaller  and  perhaps  more  flexible 
machines  as,  for  example,  the  hubbing  machine.  Even 
though  the  hubbing  machine  tool-holder  can  be  made  to 
take  standard  round  multiple-toothed  milling  cutters,  the 
tool  most  often  used  is  single-bladed  and  has  a  single  cut- 
ting edge  which  is  shaped  to  provide  the  required  contour 


of  cut  Since  the  split  chuck  is  stationary,  the  work  may 
have  cross  sections  other  than  the  uniformly  round.  The 
tool  should  be  made  of  high-speed  steel  and  should  have  a 
negative  rake  of  from  2°  to  3°  and  a  clearance  of  from  5° 
to  7°.  For  most  work  the  operating  speed  will  be  about 
3500  rpm. 

An  even  more  flexible  machine  is  the  "flywheel,"  which 
may  be  used  not  only  for  a  number  of  milling  operations, 
but  also  for  other  operations,  including  drilling.  It  is 
ordinarily  operated  at  from  1700  to  1800  rpm  for  cellu- 
lose nitrate.  Like  the  hubbing  machine  its  head  is  indexed 
to  provide  for  accurate  distribution  of  multiple  cuts,  but 
the  flywheel  has  the  additional  advantage  that  its  head 
swivels,  so  that  cuts  may  made  or  holes  bored  at  various 
angles  from  the  plane  of  the  face  of  the  work.  Here  too, 
a  split  chuck  facilitates  feeding  of  the  work. 

Shaping 

Channel  cuts  on  a  shaper  or  beveler  are  taken  at  rather 
high  speed.  Using  a  cutter  having  18  teeth — a  good  stand- 
ard tooth  distribution  for  this  work — and  having  a  l%" 
diameter,  which  serves  very  well  for  depths  of  cut  to 
Yt,",  the  operating  speed  for  efficient  production  should  be 
from  4500  to  5000  rpm.  But  working  at  this  speed  with 
cellulose  nitrate  would  usually  mean  scorching  of  the  ma- 
terial and  possibly  ignition  if  the  chips  are  jammed.  Al- 
though it  seems  that  a  coolant  is  necessary  here,  it  can  be 
avoided.  The  method  to  be  adopted  for  this  purpose  is  to 
mount  the  cutter  on  an  off-angle  collar  about  6°  off  the 
horizontal  plane.  This  method,  as  the  cutter  revolves, 
gives  the  tool  a  sort  of  over-all  clearance,  modifies  the 
biting  character  of  the  cut  by  a  shaving  action,  and  greatly 
reduces  frictional  heat.  Naturally,  off-angle  cutting  of  this 
kind  will  produce  a  channel  considerable  wider  than  the 
width  of  the  tool's  cutting  edge.  A  1/16"  cutter,  for  in- 


mm* 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


HOBALITE 


for 

NOBBED  MOLD   DIES 

A  GOOD  SINKING  IN  1935 

TODAY 

PERFECT  CAVITIES  ARE  NOBBED 

12'  x  6'  x  2'  Deep  -  1  0"  Did.  x  3*  Deep 

The  plastic  molding  industry  grows  in  leaps  and 
bounds.  We  had  to  improve  Hobalite  at  that  pace.  March, 
1939,  closed  a  long  period  of  research  and  checking  under 
actual  nobbing  conditions,  proving  we  had  improved  hobability, 
reduced  porosity,  and  improved  reaction  to  heat  treatment. 

The  hobbed  cavities  in  Hobalite  have  that  perfect  finish 
which  gives  high  lustre  to  the  molded  part.  Properly  case- 
hardened  and  heat  treated  it  withstands  a  pressure  of  82 
Tons  Per  Square  Inch. 


A  complete  stock  of  all  standard  sizes  carried 
in  our  Chicago  Warehouse  for  immediate 
shipment. 

ESTABLISHED  1911 


2945  W.   HARRISON   STREET  •  CHICAGO    12,  ILLINOIS 

Branch  Offices  and  Warehouses: 

131*  So.  dockland.  Calumet,  Mich.  .    14643  M.yon  Rood,  Detroit  27,  Mich. 

4»r  W.  South  SI.,  Indianapolis  4,  Ind.  •  3731  W.  Highland  Blvd.,  Milwaukee  *, 

Wit.  •  1617  North  7Hi  SI.,  SI.  Louli  6,  Ma. 


6 


MR.  MANUFACTURER 


Let's  talk  about  your  machining  plastics 
problems  .  .  .  No  matter  what  type  plastic 
.  .  .  bakelite,  polystyrene,  dialectene,  cat- 
alin,  lucite,  Plexiglas—  (tolerances  held  to 
.001  inch). 

ROTHCO  —  Specialize™  in  precision  ma- 
chining of  intricate  Plastic  parts. 


W«  Invite  your  inquiries  and  problems. 
Immediate  attention  assured. 


SWucfs 


stance,  will  take  a  %"  cut.  The  ratio  will  be  greater  for 
tools  with  smaller  cutting  edges  and  lower  for  those  with 
wider  cutting  edges.  The  off-angle  traverse  of  the  cutter 
must  be  taken  into  consideration  in  calculating  the  size  of 
the  cutting  edge  for  a  given  width  of  channel.  In  general, 
it  is  best  to  avoid  trying  to  take  cuts  wider  than  l/2"  in  a 
single  pass.  It  is  safer  in  cutting  wider  channels,  to  take 
one  pass  that  will  produce  a  cut  narrower  than  the  required 
width  and  then  to  double  over  with  another  pass  to  com- 
plete the  operation. 

Finishing 

Grinding  as  a  finishing  operation  is  not  applied  to  cellu- 
lose nitrate.  In  fact,  grinding  is  not  a  feasible  operation 
on  this  material  in  any  operation.  Removal  of  material 
by  abrasive  action  of  any  kind  is  not  a  suitable  procedure 
for  cellulose  nitrate,  although,  by  careful  manipulation, 
sanding  may  occasionally  be  used  on  it.  It  is  far  safer 
and,  in  most  operations,  more  efficient  to  utilize  other 
procedures.  Removal  of  material  from  rough  surfaces, 
for  example,  can  be  accomplished  by  a  large  steel  burr  or 
rotary  scraper  mounted  on  a  horizontal  spindle.  Wet  ash- 
ing may  also  be  used  to  this  end. 

EUFFING.— The  buff  for  wet  ashing  is  in  all  respects  similar 
to  the  buff  for  dry  polishing.  A  serviceable  diameter  is 
8";  the  buff  width  should  be  from  4"  to  6".  Soft  unstitched 
muslin  should  be  used  for  the  leaves,  which  should  alter- 
nate with  spacers  of  the  same  material.  These  spacers  may 
be  old  discarded  buff  leaves  cut  down  for  this  purpose. 
Operating  speed  should  be  about  1000  rpm. 

For  wet  ashing,  a  thick  paste  of  00  pumice  and  water 
should  be  applied  before  the  work  is  set  to  the  buff.  After 
the  work  has  received  a  good  rubbing,  it  should  be  washed 
thoroughly  to  free  it  from  pumice.  Then  it  should  be 
polished  on  a  buff  to  which  Tripoli  or  some  other  polishing 
compound  has  been  applied. 

Buff  polishing  and  the  conventional  tumbling  are  neces- 
sary where  surfaces  of  more  or  less  matt  or  satin-like 
finish  are  desired;  but  they  are  machine  operations  which, 
for  highly  brilliant  finishes,  can  be  dispensed  with  in  favor 
of  non-machine  processes  that  are  more  economical,  require 
less  skill,  and  produce  more  rapidly.  One  non-machine  proc- 
ess is  acetone  dip  polishing;  another  is  acetone  vapor 
polishing.  Both  provide  high  polish,  but  the  dip  method 
offers  a  greater  brilliance  of  surface. 

DIP  POLISHING. — Chemically  pure  acetone  should  be  used 
for  the  bath.  A  wooden  frame  or  fixture  is  set  up  to  take 


Efficient  slicing  requires  a  razor-sharp,  well-buffed  blade 
and   snug  fit   of  cellulose  nitrate  rod  in   its   tube   holder 


II    I       !    •.     f     1    /      k. 


AUDIT       1UI-. 


several  nitrocellulose  pieces — or,  if  the  pieces  are  small 
enough,  several  dozen— which  are  attached  by  pins  or  hooks. 
The  frame  is  lowered  over  the  bath  to  immerse  the  pieces 
in  the  acetone  from  10  to  IS  sec,  depending  upon  the  size 
of  the  piece.  The  acetone  dissolves  enough  of  the  material 
on  the  surface  to  smooth  it  and  bring  it  to  a  polish.  The 
pieces,  which  remain  in  the  frame,  are  set  aside  to  dry.  They 
are  ready  for  light  handling  in  from  3  to  5  min  and  are  hard- 
dry  in  from  1  to  2  hr. 

VAPOR  POLISHING. — In  this  process,  the  pieces  do  not  even 
touch  the  liquid  acetone.  The  mechanical  set-up  is  this: 
A  deep  pot  which  is  set  on  a  hot-plate  maintained  at  a  tem- 
perature of  160°  to  170"  F,  is  filled  to  about  one-third  with 
either  ethyl  acetate  or  chemically  pure  acetone,  preferably 
the  former,  which  is  kept  in  agitation.  Around  the  exterior 
of  the  upper  third  of  the  pot  are  wound  water-conducting 
coils  through  which  cold  water  circulates  constantly.  As 
the  vapor  from  the  heated  solution  rises  and  enters  the  cool 
zone  near  the  top  of  the  pot,  it  condenses.  A  hooded  duct 
above  the  pot  carries  off  the  fumes.  Nothing  could  be  sim- 
pler than  the  polishing  procedure  with  this  arrangement. 
The  cellulose  nitrate  pieces  are  dropped  into  an  ordinary 
sieve,  and  the  sieve  is  held  in  the  path  of  the  vapor  for 
3  sec  and  removed.  Drying  is  immediate.  The  finish,  al- 
though not  as  brilliant  as  that  produced  by  the  acetone  dip 
method,  is  nevertheless  a  high  polish. 

In  closing,  a  "tip"  on  bringing  to  life  old  cellulose  ni- 
trate stock  would  be  helpful.  Sometimes  rod  stock  many 
years  old  becomes  hard  enough  to  present  some  processing 
difficulties.  This  stock  can  be  rendered  completely  machin- 
able by  immersion  over  night  in  a  solution  consisting  of  1 
part  acetone  to  4  or  5  parts  water. 


END 


Lights  On! 

(Continued  from  page  28) 


Actually,  as  much  as  one-half  of  the  output  of  a  fluorescent 
lamp  may  be  wasted,  because  the  light  source  is  a  cylinder 
of  appreciable  diameter,  and  it  is  not  possible  to  design  a 
reflector  which  will  fully  utilize  the  diffused  light  that 
emanates  from  the  bulb  in  an  upward  direction. 

The  cold-cathode  bulb,  exemplified  by  the  familiar  red 
neon  sign  and  the  bluish  mercury  vapor  lamp,  is  destined 
to  occupy  an  important  place  in  post-war  industrial  light- 
ing. Cold-cathode  lighting  has  been  held  back  because  it 
requires  high  voltages  (4000  to  15000  volts)  and  was  there- 
fore considered  impractical  for  small  installations.  But 
transformers  and  sockets  are  available  today  which  make 
the  cold-cathode  tube  practically  "fool-proof."  Since  cold- 
cathode  tubes  may  be  fashioned  in  curved  shapes,  they  offer 
greater  opportunity  to  the  designer. 

For  home  lighting,  the  incandescent  lamp,  which  brings 


In  the  May  Ixue  pf  p/OSf/CS,  look  for — 

HOW  TO  BOND  PLASTICS 


>  authoritative  article  by  Mel  Meyers,  on*  of  PLASTICS' 
leading  writeri,  on  a  subiecl  of  growing  importance  to  the 
industry.  Complete  with  data  on  to  materials,  techniques, 
dimensions,  pressure*  and  time  (actors,  the  article  includes 
discussion  of  the  soak  joint,  spread-on  ioinl  and  hypodermic 
method;  and  describes  several  useful  cementing  ligi. 


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...  at  a  cost  comparable  to  metal  plating  on 
metal.  With  a  process  developed  to  meet  exact- 
ing specifications  of  Navy,  Air  Force  and  Elec- 
tronic manufacturers  .  .  .  Plastic  Platers  provides 
the  skilled  craftsmanship  for  electroplating  your 
thermosetting,  thermoplastic  or  ceramic  part  with 
any  desired  metal. 

We're  anxious  to  help  plan  and  produce  your 
metal  plated  plastic  products.  So  please  forgive 
•ny  delay  you  may  encounter  with  us  while  the 
all-out  war  effort  is  on. 


APRIL  194r> 


PLASTMCS 


109 


The  inner  secrets  of  men  and  metals  are 
easily  penetrated  by  the  X-ray. 

It  requires  no  X-ray  to  see  the  intricate 
mechanism  oi  your  product  when  viewed 
as  a  TRANSPARENT  PLASTICS  MODEL 

Such  models  tell  their  story  without 
words,  saving  explanation  and  discus- 
sion, and  are  now  being  used  by  repre- 
sentative companies  in  practically  every 
branch  of  manufacturing. 

All  work  is  done  to  precise  specifications. 

INJECTION*  COMPRESSION  •TRANSFER    MOLDS 


STRICKER  BRIMHUHER  en. 


out  the  red-orange-yellow  end  of  the  spectrum,  may  be  ex- 
pected to  maintain  its  present  supremacy,  for  its  light  is 
flattering  to  the  human  complexion.  In  fact,  much  of  the 
romance  associated  with  dining  and  wining  by  candlelight 
may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  the  light  of  the  candle  contains 
an  even  greater  preponderance  of  the  red-yellow  portion  of 
the  spectrum. 

Along  with  technical  and  engineering  changes,  revolu- 
tionary changes  in  design  may  be  expected.  Lighting  in 
its  present  form  leans  too  heavily  on  the  past.  The  de- 
signer is  on  the  threshold  of  opportunity.  He  can  find  se- 
curity in  "ancestor  worship,"  designing  wall  fixtures  that 
resemble  gas  mantles  and  cut-glass  chandeliers  that  would 
look  just  as  proper  if  the  bulbs  were  replaced  by  candles. 
But  if  he  has  courage  and  imagination,  he  will  spurn  con- 
vention and  make  the  best  possible  use  of  new  materials 
and  new  engineering  techniques.  The  design  of  an  article 
should  be  an  expression  of  its  function,  not  an  arbitrary 
esthetic  motif. 

It  is  now  possible  to  foresee  a  time  when  present  concepts 
of  illumination  will  be  scrapped,  and  plastics  will  play  a 
part  in  bringing  about  efficient  and  optically  correct  trans- 
mission media  for  artificial  light  and  perhaps  for  daylight, 
also.  We  have  already  begun  to  make  use  of  plastics  for 
transmission  of  daylight.  Windows  of  aircraft  are  fabri- 
cated from  sheets  of  acrylic  or  cellulose  acetate ;  Venetian 
blinds  have  been  made  from  various  thermoplastics;  green- 
houses and  chicken  coops  are  protected  from  the  elements, 
yet  exposed  to  ultra-violet  radiation  of  the  sun,  by  trans- 
parent cellulose  acetate  film. 

With  the  flexibility  inherent  in  incandescent  and  fluores- 
cent lighting,  we  can  have  luminous  ceilings  and  walls,  thus 
creating  an  atmosphere  which  is  truly  in  harmony  with  the 
twentieth  century. 

Ultimately,  we  may  use  our  windows  for  the  transmis- 
sion of  both  daylight  and  artificial  light.  Light  sources  can 
be  built  into  the  framework  of  the  windows ;  then,  by  means 
of  louvres  or  Venetian  blinds,  both  artificial  and  natural 
light  may  be  introduced  to  the  room  in  accordance  with  the 
best  principles  of  engineering  and  art.  END 


Bathroom  lighting  fixture  molded  of  pearl-white  "Beetle" 

APRIL  1945 


Plastic*  Tooling 

(Continued  from  page  54) 


a  wood  backing  for  rigidity,  will  give  a  general  view  of  the 
operations  required. 

In  brief,  a  formed  sheet  metal  part  is  lacquered  to  pre- 
vent resin  from  adhering.  A  rough  wood  backing  block 
is  shaped  to  approximate  contour  of  part.  Layers  of  Fiber- 
glas cloth  are  cut  to  size,  brush-impregnated  with  resin, 
and  laminated  on  backing  block,  forming  and  pressing  out 
trapped  air  bubbles  with  hands.  The  part  is  then  placed  on 
the  block  and  pressed  firmly  to  assure  a  good  fit.  The  whole 
is  placed  in  an  oven  and  baked  at  170°  F  for  at  least  3  hr. 

After  removal  from  the  oven,  accessories,  etc.,  are  at- 
tached and  it  is  ready  to  use.  A  detailed  description  and 
illustrations  appear  in  the  section  of  this  article,  entitled 
"Sequence  of  Plastics  Tools  Applied."  A  photograph  of 
a  formed  router  block  with  a  Fiberglas  hold-down  is  shown 
in  Fig.  5. 

The  tool,  used  as  a  combination  horizontal  router  block 
and  scribe  jig,  consists  of  a  wood  nest  block  faced  with 
thermosetting  casting  resin,  plywood  base,  rolled  Kirksite 
router  bit  guides,  steel  and  wood  accessories,  Fiberglas 
hold-down  backed  with  wood  for  rigidity.  The  part  shown 
has  been  routed  and  scribe  lines  may  be  seen  on  each  end 
of  the  part.  The  ends  of  the  hold-down  serve  to  guide  the 
scribe. 

The  fabricating  department  estimated  that  it  took  only  5 
manhours  to  make  the  complete  hold-down.  Parts  of  this 
nature  were  conventionally  hand  trimmed  with  the  aid  of 
an  overpress  template. 

T/iermop/osf/c  Casting  Material 

Thermoplastic  molding  compositions  of  the  cellulose  fam- 
ily are  in  use  at  Lockheed,  namely  PlastaUoy,  Tenite  II, 
and  Ethocel.  The  materials  are  used  for  drop  hammer  and 
press  punches.  Lockheed's  Manufacturing  Research  De- 
partment has  not  completed  experimentation  in  this  field, 
therefore,  is  not  in  a  position  to  release  conclusive  in- 
formation regarding  preference  of  materials. 

PlastaUoy  and  Ethocel  are  ethyl  cellulose  materials  with 
plasticizers  added.  The  plasticizers  are  organic  compounds 
which  are  compatible  with  cellulose  esters,  and  which  serve 
to  impart  moldability.  Pigments  may  be  introduced.  Cel- 
lulose plastics  are  unaffected  by  ordinary  temperatures.  The 
heat  conductivity  is  very  low,  and  they  support  combustion 
with  difficulty.  Surfaces  of  the  materials  are  lustrous, 
pleasant  to  the  touch  and  dirt  resistant.  They  are  not 
damaged  by  most  vegetable  and  mineral  oils,  but  alcohols 
will  discolor  the  surfaces. 

Tenite  II  is  supplied  for  compression  and  injection  mold- 
ing, continuous  extrusion  and  blowing,  in  formulas  and 
flows  adapted  to  various  conditions  and  uses.  The  formula 
by  Lockheed  is  Tenite  II  Hs  which  is  the  hardest 
form  of  granules.  Granules  are  plasticized  and  processed 
by  a  moans  developed  by  Lockheed  Manufacturing  Re- 
search Department.  This  is  mentioned  because  previous 
methods  of  melting  this  material  have  required  pressure  in 
one  form  or  another;  for  example,  injection  and  compres- 
sor) molding,  and  extruding.  This  necessitated  costly  dies. 
The  objects  produced  were  limited  in  size  because  of  the 
pressure  required  and  the  cost  of  the  equipment  necessary. 
A  large  machine  was  needed  to  make  an  object  of  approxi- 
mately 1  Ib,  whereas  on  the  other  hand,  objects  weighing 
1000  Ib  have  been  cast  using  the  process  developed  by 
Lockheed. 

PlastaUoy  No.  8  and  9  and  Ethocel  No.  200  and  300 
are  supplied  mainly  for  drop  hammer  and  press  punch 
applications,  development  of  which  Lockheed  contributed 


ARROW 

FOR 

INJECTION 
MOLDING 


ARROW 
PLASTICS 

COMPANY 

* 

PASSAIC 
NEW  JERSEY 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


Specialists   in 


OMPRESSION 
MOLDING 


.,  |o,  immedi^*n7aku  .ourc.  lor  part.  "2^ 


TABLE  1. — Bend  Radii  Form  Limitation  for  "Tenite  II"  Double  Action  Press  Punch 

ALUMINUM 
THICKNESS  (IN.) 
Grade  .025  .032  .040  .051  .064  .072  .081  .091  .102 


.125 


MT 


24  SO  ALC  
24  SO  ALC  
24  SO  ALC  
3  SO  AL  AL  
3  SO  AL  AL  
3  SO  AL  AL  

.020 

.1/16  1/16.. 
.1/16  1/16.. 
.3/32  3/32.. 
.1/16  1/16.. 
.1/16  1/16.. 
.3/32  3/32.. 

.025 

...1/16  
...1/16.... 
...3/32.... 
...1/16  
...1/16.... 
...3/32  

.030 

.1/16  3/32  1/8  
.1/16  3/32  1/8  
.3/32  1/8  5/32  
.1/16  1/16  
.1/16  1/16  
.3/32  1/8  

STEEL 
.035                         .042 

1/8  3/16  3/16  1/4  M  J  F 
1/8  1/8  3/16  3/16  MRF 
3/16  3/16  1/4  5/16  D  8  R 
MJF 
MRF 
D  B  R 

.050                        .062                          MT 

1010. 
1010. 
1010. 
302-1 
302-1 
302-1 

1/16.. 
1/16.. 
1/16.. 
A  1/16.. 
A  1/16.. 
A  1/16.. 

1/16  
1/16  
1/16  
1/16  
1/16  
1/16.... 

1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 

1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 

1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 
1/16. 

3/32  
3/32  
3/32  
3/32  
3/32  
1/16  

....3/32. 
3/32. 
....3/32. 
....1/8.. 
....3/32. 
1/16. 

M  J  F 
MRF 
D  B  R 
M  J  F 
MRF 
D  B  R 

LEGEND:  MT — Metal  ThickneMj  M  J  f — Minimum  |oggl»  formed  with  "Tenite  II"   punch;   M  R  F  — Minimum  radii  formed  with    "Tenite    II"    punch;  D  B  R  —  Desirable    bend    radii   for 
aluminum  or  tteel  sheet.  All  bend  radii  measured  to  inside  of  metal. 


a  major  portion  through  application  of  experimental  formu- 
lations. These  materials  are  supplied  in  two  distinct  forms 
which  are  combined  to  obtain  the  final  casting  compound. 
This  is  done  to  facilitate  processing.  For  convenience, 
these  materials  are  distinguished  by  "A"  and  "B."  The 
former,  which  is  the  plasticizer,  has  a  low  melting  point, 
while  that  of  "B"  is  considerably  higher. 

The  Lockheed  processing  technique,  developed  through 
extensive  research  requiring  approximately  two  years,  in- 
volves the  use  of  a  processing  unit  consisting  of  a  storage 
sump,  a  boiler,  and  a  kettle  to  process  the  plastics  granules. 
The  kettle  has  an  inner  and  an  outer  wall  with  coils  wind- 
ing around  the  two.  An  electrically-driven  screw  type  agi- 
tator is  located  inside  the  kettle.  High-flash  point  fluid 
is  pumped  from  the  sump  through  the  boiler,  where  it  is 
heated,  then  through  the  coils  in  the  kettle,  in  turn  heating 
the  kettle  and  back  to  the  sump  again.  The  kettle  has  a 
gate  located  at  the  bottom  from  which  the  processed  plastics 
is  released. 

A  predetermined  amount  of  plasticizer  is  poured  into  the 
kettle  and  heated  to  a  temperature  between  ,370°  and  380° 
F.  The  granules  are  then  added  quite  rapidly  at  first,  but 
much  slower  as  the  mix  thickens.  This  variation  is  due  to 
the  ratio  of  plasticizer  to  that  of  the  granules.  An  average 
of  600  Ib  may  be  processed  in  4  to  5  hr.  When  the  desired 
poundage  has  been  added  it  is  allowed  to  cook  until  all  the 
granules  are  melted  and  the  correct  casting  temperature 
reaches  370°  to  380°  F.  Previously  cast  materials  may 
be  reclaimed  and  can  be  added  to  the  mixture  at  any  stage 
of  the  process  after  the  plasticizer  has  reached  its  working 
temperature. 

The  plastics  is  continuously  stirred  while  cooking.  This 
is  accomplished  with  the  agitator  which  scrapes  within 
%"  of  the  wall  surfaces.  The  reason  for  agitating  is  to 
prevent  the  plastics  from  adhering  to  the  kettle  walls  where 
it  would  burn  and  to  evenly  distribute  the  ingredients  as 
well  as  the  heat. 

Preparation  of  the  die  for  casting  the  punch  is  nearly 
the  same  as  that  for  casting  lead  punches.  Tin-lined  or 
lacquer-coated  boards  are  shaped  around  the  preheated 
(230°  F.)  die  to  form  a  mold  extending  8"  to  10"  above 
uppermost  surface  of  die  (Fig.  6).  The  processed  plastics 
material  is  cast  directly  to  the  die,  being  poured  through 
a  tin  funnel,  the  lower  end  of  which  is  kept  below  the 
surface  of  the  plastics  in  the  die.  Lapping  of  the  plastics 
which  tends  to  cause  cold  shuts  and  trapping  of  air  is 
partially  avoided. 

After  the  punch  is  cast,  the  inserts,  which  are  used  to 
secure  the  finished  punch  to  the  drop  hammer  head,  are 
located  in  the  liquid  plastics  by  means  of  studs  fastened  to 


a  spider.  (Note  picture  of  spider  with  inserts  attached  in 
Fig  7).  The  plastics,  when  it  has  solidified,  holds  the  in- 
serts in  place  securely.  In  press  punches,  inserts,  with  a 
few  exceptions,  are  not  necessary;  the  top  surface  is  tapped 
and  threaded  so  that  backing  plates  may  be  attached.  Back- 
ing plates  made  from  die  material  or  steel  serves  as  hold- 
down  facility. 

Cooling  of  the  plastics  requires  considerable  time, 
varying  with  the  size  and  volume  of  the  casting.  The 
average  casting  requires  about  two  days  elapsed  time  to 
prepare,  cast,  cool  and  sear-in;  however  several  castings 
are  usually  made  at  one  pouring.  As  soon  as  the  outer 
surfaces  of  the  punch  have  solidified  the  wooden  box  is 
removed  to  aid  cooling. 

When  necessary  to  counteract  initial  shrinkage  in  the 
plastics,  the  punch  is  removed  and  the  die  heated  to  a 
temperature  above  the  melting  point  of  the  plastics.  The 
punch  is  then  lowered  into  the  die  and  pressure  applied 
by  means  of  ordinary  cabinet  makers  clamps.  The  surface 
contacting  the  die  remelts  and  fills  the  areas  from  which  it  J 
shrank  in  the  initial  cure.  A  water  spray  quench  is  ap- 
plied, cooling  the  die  and  punch  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

This  operation,  called  "sear-in"  compensates  for  initial 
shrinkage  assuring  a  perfect  fit. 

The  top  surface  of  the  cast  punch  is  never  smooth; 
consequently  it  is  surfaced  parallel  to  the  bottom  surface 
of  the  die.  This  is  done  on  a  planer,  or  with  a  radial 
drill  using  a  fly  cutter. 

After  surfacing,  the  drop  hammer  punch  is  ready  to 
use.  Single  action  press  punches  need  only  to  have  a 
backing  plate  attached  and  they  are  ready  for  use.  Double- 
action  draw  dies  are  made  by  sawing  the  drawring  from 
the  punch  and  attaching  a  backing  plate  to  each.  Note  that 
allowances  for  sheet  metal  thicknesses  have  not  been  made; 
nor  have  blue-in  operations  been  performed.  Neither  is 
necessary. 

A  Kirksite  die  with  a  plastics  punch  was  developed  to 
determine  the  minimum  bend  radii  and  joggles  that  could 
be  formed  with  such  a  tool.  The  metals  and  thicknesses 
shown  in  Table  I  were  formed  with  the  same  punch  using 
a  drop  hammer  and  a  650  Clearing  Press.  A  sear-in  oper- 
ation was  performed  on  the  punch  after  it  was  used  on 
the  drop  hammer  and  prior  to  using  it  on  the  press.  In 
the  event  that  the  face  of  a  punch  becomes  marred  or 
deformed,  it  is  unnecessary  to  recast.  A  sear-in  operation 
will  renew  the  face. 

The  plastics  punches  may  be  machined  with  tools  de- 
signed for  metal  or  wood  work.  They  may  be  sawed, 
milled,  drilled,  tapped  and  filed;  but  sanding  with  high- 
speed machines  is  unsatisfactory  due  to  the  heat  generated. 


112 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


A  review  of  operations  in  making  and  using  a  drop 
hammer  punch  will  serve  as  a  basis  for  judging  the  advan- 
tages of  using  the  plastics  punch  on  drop  hammer  dies : 

Lead  is  cast  directly  to  the  drop  hammer  die  without 
allowance  for  metal  thickness  of  the  part  to  be  formed. 
The  die  is  then  set  up  in  the  drop  hammer  and  the  vertical 
surfaces  are  hand  scraped  to  compensate  for  the  thickness 
of  the  sheet  metal  to  be  formed.  It  is-  often  necessary 
to  rescrape  the  punch  after  a  number  of  parts  have  been 
formed  because  the  lead  punch  tends  to  flatten  and  spread. 
Small  radii,  beads  and  joggles  are  likewise  beaten  back, 
resulting  in  larger  radii  than  originally  obtained  and  neces- 
sitating the  use  of  rubber  strips  to  compensate  for  the 
deformation.  A  large  percentage  of  parts  formed  in  drop 
hammer  dies  are  done  with  the  aid  of  rubber  set-ups;  the 
preforming  operations  with  the  rubber  deforms  the  lead 
punch  making  it  imperative  to  cast  a  new  lead  punch  with 
which  to  re-strike  the  partially-formed  parts. 

The  plastics  punch,  like  lead,  is  cast  directly  to  the  die, 
without  clearance  for  metal  thickness.  Beyond  this  point 
the  advantages  of  the  plastics  become  apparent.  The  die 
is  set  up  in  the  drop  hammer  and  sheet  metal  parts  are 
formed  without  further  ado.  The  elasticity  of  the  plastics 
enables  it  to  compress  enough  for  metal  thickness,  and  the 
same  characteristic  explains  why  it  does  not  deform  when 
used  in  conjnction  with  rubber  set-ups.  Although  the 
plastics  compresses,  it  has  an  excellent  recoil  which  accounts 
for  its  good  forming  qualities.  It  forms  small  radii,  jog- 
gles, and  beads  more  consistently  than  does  lead. 

Research  has  proven  that  these  materials  are  not  suitable 
for  all  types  of  drop  hammer  dies.  With  a  few  exceptions 
they  are  generally  adaptable  to  dies  forming  aluminum  and 
its  alloys;  but  not  applicable  to  dies  forming  stainless  steel. 
Outstanding  advantages  of  using  plastics  for  single  or 
double-action  hydraulic  press  punches  and  drawrings  over 
the  conventional  zinc  base  metals  lies  in  the  elimination 
of  the  many  man  hours  of  grinding  required  to  coordinate 
the  working  surfaces  of  the  castings  and  clear  for  part 
thickness. 

The  average  zinc  base  metal  punch  requires  the  follow- 
ing component  tools,  operations,  and  estimated  average 
man-hours  to  make  tool  or  perform  operation : 

(1)  Plaster  pattern— 5. 

(2)  Sand  mold,  impression  from  pattern — 2. 

(3)  Cast  zinc  bast  metal  in  mold  to  form  punch — 1. 

(4)  Grind  punch  to  fit  die  and  clear  for  metal  thickness 
of  part — SO. 

(5)  Surface  top  of  punch — 2. 

Following  are  the  operations  required  for  the  average 
plastics  punch : 

(1)  Prepare  die— 2. 

(2)  Cast  punch  directly  to  die — 1. 

(3)  Sear-in  punch — 3. 

(4)  Surface  top  of  punch — 1. 

(5)  Make  and  attach  backing  plate — 6. 

The  need  for  a  plaster  pattern,  sand  mold,  and  grinding 
has  been  deleted  in  making  the  plastics  punch,  producing 
a  saving  of  some  45  man  hours.  The  advantages  of  the 
drawring  are  comparable.  With  reasonable  care  and  within 
certain  bounds  of  application,  these  plastics  will  produce 
parts  cheaper  and  faster  than  other  known  materials. 

Sequence  of  Plastic*  Tools  Applied 

General  sequence  of  operations  and  common  methods 
practiced  in  developing  plastics  tooling  used  in  sequence 
with  other  types  of  tooling  in  the  fabrication  of  a  typical 
formed  sheet  metal  part,  is  illustrated  in  Sequence  A  to  O. 

This  tool  completes  the  cycle,  presenting  a  fair  picture 
of  how  plastics  is  applied  and  utilized  in  fabricating  a 
typical  formed  sheet  metal  part.  END 


NAMES*  DESIGNS 
TRADEMARKS 


at  its  best 


CONTINENTAL'S  precision  molding  has 
consistently  met  the  high  requirement*, 
the  high  production  schedules,  ol  war 
and  civilian  manufacturers. 

Your  order  would  be  handled  In  the 
same,  highly  efficient  manner.  Experi- 
enced personnel  and  production  "know- 
how"  guarantee  precision  .  .  .  accuracy 
.  .  .  exact  adherence  to  your  specifica- 
tions. 

We  can  handle  the  complete  lob  In  our 
own  plant.  Including  making  ol  the  dies. 
Call  us  today  for  a  speedy  quotation. 


CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 

308  West  Erie  St.          SUPerior  8474 


CHICAGO  10,  ILL. 


APRIL  194.") 


PLASTICS 


113 


KRIEGR-O-DIP'    PLASTIC 

DYES 

For  EVERY  Type 

of  Plastics 

The  KRIEGR-O-DIP  scries  of 
Plastic  Dyes  now  available 
for  ALL  types  of  Plastic  Pro- 
duction. Easy  to  use,  safe, 
dependable. 

Nationally  used  by  Molders, 
and  by  producers  of  Plastic 
Equipment  and  Material  who 
DEMAND  uniform  and  per- 
fect Dye  results. 

KRIEGR-O-DIP 

"S"    Standard    Chemical 

Dye. 
"A"    For  Cellulose  Acetate 

and  Tenite. 

"W"  Dye  used  in  Hot  Wa- 
ter. 
"V"     For    Polystyrene    Vlny- 

llte. 

"FLUER-O-PLAS  K"  Pro- 
duces FLUORESCENT  ef- 
fect for  materials  used 
under  BLACK  LIGHT  — 
Dials,  Medical  Equip- 
ment, Novelties,  etc. 

14  COLORS 

All  interminable,  giving  an 
unlimited  variety  of  available 
shades  meeting  the  most  ex- 
acting requirements. 
For  prices  and  additional  in- 
formation, write,  wire  or  tele- 
phone. 

KRIEGER  COLOR  &  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Established   Since   If 20 
Manufacturers  of  "KRIEGR-O-DIP" 

Member  of  the  S.P.I. 

Tel.  Hillside  7361  6531  Santa  Monica  Blvd. 

HOLLYWOOD,  38,  CALIF. 


KRIEGRODIP 


Furs  from  Vats 

(Continued  from  page  40) 


MIDLAND  DIE  AND  ENGRAVING  COMPANY 

18OO  W.  BERENICE  AVENUE      •     •     •     CHICAGO.  13,  ILLINOIS 


suits  now  being  made  for  the  staff  of  Gen.  Henry  H.  Arnok 
are  honey-beige;  the  Marine  Corps  wears  dark  grayisl 
brown ;  and  the  Army  Air  Forces  wear  a  solid  dark  brown 
Saks-Fifth  Avenue  in  New  York  City,  Mandel  Brothers  ir 
Chicago,  and  Woodward  &  Lothrop  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
are  three  of  the  many  department  stores  offering  Calva 
processed  fur  coats  for  sale,  at  a  retail  cost  of  about  $160 
A  hint  of  the  magnitude  of  post-war  demand  for  this  mer 
chandise  may  be  gleaned  from  the  fact  that  during  a  recent 
widely-advertised  sale  at  the  Saks-Fifth  Avenue  store,  pub 
lie  enthusiasm  compelled  the  management  to  guard  the 
models  until  the  jammed  crowds  dispersed ! 

In  the  manufacturing  process,  shorn  sheepskins  (shear 
lings)  are  treated  in  imitating  short-haired  furs,  such  as 
beaver,  seal,  and  nutria ;  the  unsheared  sheepskins  are  used 
in  imitating  long-haired  furs,  such  as  silver  fox  and  lynx. 
Two  different  methods  are  used  by  Winslow  Brothers  & 
Smith  Company : 

(1)  The  tanned  shearling  is  placed  in  a  vat  containing  a 
solution  of  cresol,  alcohol,  benzol  and  water.     Hydrogen 
chloride  gas  is  bubbled  through  the  solution  to  activate  the 
keratin.     (The  activating  acid  used  is  not  the  same  for  all 
furs  made  by  this  process;  different  qualities  are  secured 
with  different  activating  acids.)     At  the  end  of  120  min., 
during  which  the  temperature  has  been  maintained  at  38°  C., 
the  pelt  is  submerged  in  a  solution  of  formaldehyde  for  20 
min  and  kept  at  a  temperature  of  45°  C.    Here  condensa- 
tion takes  place  between  the  formaldehyde  and  the  cresol 
and  between  the  formaldehyde  and  the  activated  keratin 
fibres. 

(2)  The  fur  side  of  the  pelt  is  brushed  by  hand  with  the 
keratin   activating   solution   and   the   reacting  substances. 
Though  this  is  the  more  expensive  process,  it  is  more  ex- 
tensively used  than  the  immersion  process  mentioned  above. 

The  finishing  operations  employed  in  both  of  these  meth- 
ods are  the  same.  After  the  skins  have  been  allowed  suffi- 
cient time  to  react  with  formaldehyde,  they  are  washed  to 
remove  any  excess  of  reactant  that  might  be  present,  and 
then  dried.  A  subsequent  heat  treatment  completes  poly- 
merization. The  length  of  the  fibres  is  made  uniform  by  a 
clipping  process,  following  which  the  skins  are  polished  to 
bring  out  their  lustre.  Dyeing  is  the  last  operation  per- 
formed on  the  pelts.  They  are  then  ready  to  be  sewn  into 
coats. 

The  facilities  of  the  Calva  laboratory  at  Minneapolis  have 
been  enlarged,  and  a  pilot  plant  has  been  set  up  to  determine 
how  well  new  laboratory  discoveries  will  weather  the  de- 
mands of  mass-production  methods.  Rather  than  have  each 
industry  set  up  its  own  developmental  laboratory,  it  has 
been  decided  to  centralize  all  testing  and.development  work 
under  one  roof.  END 


plastics    is  proud  to  offer,  in  its  May  issue — 
Understanding  Plastics  Chemistry 

by  the  outstanding  Dr.  George  H.  Brother,  acting  head. 
Protein  Division,  Bureau  of  Agricultural  and  Industrial 
Chemistry.  Agricultural  Research  Administration,  U.  S.  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  His  description  of  the  basic  prin- 
ciples in  this  field  will  clarify  much  terminology  commonly 
used  in  plastics  literature. 


Subscribe  to  plastics 


today! 


114 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


Danger!   Chemicals    at    Work 

(Continued  from  page  58) 


fire  department,  headed  by  a  chief  and  assistants.  It  is 
their  duty  to  make  the  foam  attachments  to  company  hy- 
drant lines  in  case  the  severity  of  the  fire  demands  its  use. 
In  addition  they  must  have  a  well-organized,  first-hand 
knowledge  of  the  methods  and  types  of  apparatus  used  for 
different  kinds  of  fires.  A  member  of  this  group  can  be 
asM.irned  to  call  the  city  fire  department,  either  by  telephone 
or  a  nearby  city  fire  box,  if  needed.  Although  the  com- 
pany fire  department  should  be  a  well  trained  group,  the 
responsibility  of  knowing  what  to  use  on  each  type  fire  does 
not  terminate  with  them.  Each  worker  should  know  the 
locations  of  the  plant  fire-fighting  equipment,  what  to  use 
and  how  to  use  it.  Manufacturers  of  this  equipment  are 
only  too  willing  to  instruct  personnel  on  its  proper  use. 

A  well-trained  organized  group  of  workers  is  useless  un- 
less equipment  is  there  to  help  them.  A  properly-installed 
sprinkler  system  heads  the  "must"  list.  This  does  double 
duty  in  protecting  the  plant  when  unoccupied  at  night.  The 
sprinkler  heads  are  set  at  a  temperature  low  enough  so  that 
if  a  fire  occurs  and  is  unchecked,  they  will  release  a  steady 
spray  of  water  when  this  temperature  is  reached.  The 
sprinklers  are  connected  to  a  system  such  as  American  Dis- 
trict Telegraph  which  has  a  centrally-located  office.  If  a 
sprinkler  head  goes  off,  the  location  is  indicated  on  a  board 
at  this  district  office.  If  a  call  to  the  plant  indicates  that  it 
is  unattended  or  occurs  at  night,  ADT  immediately  notifies 
the  city  fire  department  and  sends  a  representative  to  deter- 
mine the  cause  of  the  trouble. 

I  Mans  of  the  working  area  and  the  proper  location  of  fire 
fighting  equipment  must  be  studied,  and  provisions  made  to 
keep  these  areas  clear  and  accessible  at  all  times.  Charts 
can  be  placed  around  the  plant  indicating  that  the  best  type 
of  extinguishing  agents  for  wood,  textile  and  rubber  are 
water  and  soda  acid  foam. 

Never  use  water  on  oil  or  flammable  liquids  such  as  gaso- 
line, naphtha,  kerosene,  benzine,  etc.,  as  water  only  tends 
to  spread  the  fire.  The  best  agent  for  this  kind  of  fire  is 
foam-vaporizing  carbon  dioxide.  When  properly  directed 
at  a  fire,  this  excludes  the  oxygen  needed  for  combustion. 
These  extinguishers  are  constructed  with  a  simple  operating 
valve  attached  to  a  metal  hand  tank  of  various  weights.  A 
hose  with  Bakclite  nozzle  fastened  to  the  tank  permits  easy 
direction  of  the  CO2  to  the  base  of  the  fire.  All  large  mix- 
ing and  storage  tanks  should  be  equipped  with  this  type  of 
extinguishing  agent.  As  soon  as  a  flash  occurs,  the  surface 
of  the  container  is  automatically  covered  with  a  blanket  of 
CO2  vapor  which  in  no  way  affects  the  contents  of  the 
vessel. 

Serious  injury,  such  as  shock,  may  result  if  water  is  used 
on  electrical  fires  in  place  of  the  recommended  CO2  or  car- 
bon tetrachloride  (CCI4)  extinguisher. 

Should  an  emergency  arise,  be  prepared  to  care  for  per- 
sonnel who  may  be  injured.  If  a  worker's  clothes  become 
ignited,  he  can  extinguish  these  flames  very  rapidly  by  using 
a  commercial  fire  blanket  mounted  on  a  wall  bracket.  A 
centrally-located  shower  will  aid  the  fire  blanket  in  extin- 
gui>hing  flames.  This  should  be  constructed  of  a  shower 
type  head  with  a  chain  suspended  to  Mich  a  height  that  a 
ring  attached  to  the  end  is  easily  grabbed  and,  with 
little  pulling  effort,  releases  a  flood  of  water. 

First  aid  stations  should  l>e  located  conveniently  through- 
out the  plant  for  treatment  of  minor  injuries.  Superficial 
burn--  can  be  treated  at  these  stations  and  then,  if  ncces.-ary, 
additional  medical  care  given  by  a  physician.  Severe  burn 
should  receive  immediate  hospitalization,  since  tin- 
first  half  hour  after  a  seven-  liurn  i-  the  ino-t  iin|x>rtant 
treatment  period. 

APRIL  1945 


NOSCO   deiigni  a  product  you'll  live  with  tomorrow 

Put  your  ideas  for  plastics  in 
NOSCO'S   CREATIVE  HANDS 

DESIGN  in  plastics  can  make  or  break  your  idea 
.  .  .  controls  factors  from  cost  to  sales  appeal. 

NOSCO'S  creative  hands  know  design — are  at 
your  service  to  appraise  your  need  for  plastics — 
to  engineer  low  cost,  fine  appraisal  practicability 
and  sales  appeal.  Know Nosco  for Nosco  Knows 

NOSCO    P/as+i'cs 


SERVE  2  PRESSES 
AT  THE  SAME  TIME! 


with  a 

IM:M'\H  ii 

Plastic  Preheating 
OVKX     -r 


ADVANTAGES 

Speeds  up  press  operation. 
Has  25  sq.  It.  of  drawersptce. 
Cuts  molding  time  ow  50  %. 
Improves  flow,  reduces  rejects 
Guarantees  heat  uniformity. 
Assures  faster  curing. 


•  Built  with  big  roomy  drawer*  on 
both  ends,  this  compact  Despatch  oven 
lets  you  feed  2  presses  at  once.  Save* 
time  and  assures  ample  supply  of 
properly  heated  plastic  pre-form»  or 
"biscuiU."  Has  10  drawers,  each  19* 
x  19*  x  1  '-4 ".  Automatic  thermostat 
control;  heat  range  150°  to  500°  F. 
Fully  guaranteed,  rosy  to  use  and  adapt- 
able to  all  molding  requirements. 

WRIT!   I0«   lUUUlM   TODAY) 


OVEN   COMPANY 


I' LAST  I CS 


115 


ESSENTIALS . . 

Right  now,  winning  the  war  is  our  most  essen- 
tial business.  We  are  busy  with  work  directly 
concerned  with  our  victory. 

However,  we  can  make  a  place  in  our  sched- 
ule for  some  new  accounts. 


If  STEEL  RULE  DIES. 
HEAT  EMBOSSING  or 
DIE  CUTTING  of 
PAPER,  CARDBOARD 
and  SHEET  PLASTICS  is 
your  problem,  you  can 
count  on  us  for  Economi- 
cal, Reliable  and  Prompt 
Service. 


On  thi.  job  STEEL  RULE 
DIES  were  only  1/20  the 
cost  of  conventional  male 
and  female  dies. 


uREENE   ST..   NEW   YORK   12. 


GRAMERCT   7-7267-8.9 


PLASTIC 
SPECIALISTS 

• 

c 

INJECTION 

AND 

EXTRUSION 
MOLDING 

ALSO 
FA  B  R  I  C  ATI  N  G 


The    GEMLOID    CORP 

79-10   ALBION    AVENUE 
ELMHURST,    L.  I.,    N .  Y. 


Low-Pressure  Laminates 

(Continued  from  page  82) 


75°  F  when  it  is  not  to  be  used  immediately.  In  no  case 
should  the  impregnated  fabric  be  stored  longer  than  1 
month  or  at  temperatures  of  more  than  75°  F. 

(3)  Extreme  care  must  be  exercised  in  building  up  lami- 
nates to  see  that  the  fibres  are  laid  in  the  proper  direction. 
Since  the  uni-directional  Conolite  fabrics  have  100%  of 
their  strength  concentrated  in  one  direction,  any  error  in 
laying  up  the  cloth  will   result  in  a  seriously  weakened 
product. 

(4)  Excessive  temperatures  must  be  avoided  in  curing 
the  C  and  FC  types. 

(5)  The  molds  must  be  designed  so  that  they  will  have 
sufficient  strength  to  withstand  the  pressures  involved  in 
curing   Conolite.    Although   they  are   comparatively  low, 
such  pressures  may  constitute  a  very  large  total  force  which 
will  cause  distortion  in  sizeable  molds. 

A  series  of  tests  were  recently  conducted  to  determine 
whether  Conolite  could  be  cured  by  means  of  high  frequency 
heating.  Although  the  tests  were  not  exhaustive,  the  re- 
sults were  entirely  satisfactory  and  it  now  seems  possible 
that  parts  made  of  this  material  will  eventually  be  mass- 
produced  with  radio  frequency  equipment. 

Dr.  Havens  explains  the  work  of  developing  Conolite 
as  follows: 

"Most  plastics,  by  themselves,  have  little  strength  either 
in  tension  or  compression.  Those  having  a  high  modulus 
of  elasticity  are  very  brittle,  while  those  that  are  flexible 
have  very  low  moduli.  In  an  attempt  to  remedy  these  defects, 
many  fillers,  ranging  from  powdered  minerals  to  macerated 
fabrics,  have  been  added  to  the  plastics.  Experience  has 
shown  that  a  blending  of  materials,  each  having  a  few  good 
properties,  often  produces  a  new  material  with  properties 
superior  to  those  of  any  of  the  originals.  On  this  premise 
Conolite  was  developed.  It  was  decided  that  a  filler  having 
high  modulus,  high  strength  and  good  chemical  stability 
combined  with  a  laminating  resin  having  good  adhesion  to 
the  filler,  good  flow  properties  during  cure,  good  tempera- 
ture resistance,  impact  resistance,  and  chemical  resistance 
would  produce  a  laminate  having  superior  chemical  and 
physical  properties. 

"We  found  that  high-strength  glass  and  cellulose  fibres 
met  the  necessary  requirements  for  a  satisfactory  filler,  but 
no  available  resin  was  suitable  in  all  respects  as  a  laminat- 
ing material.  So  we  combined  a  thermosetting  adhesive 
resin  having  a  high  modulus  of  elasticity  and  high  heat 
resistance  with  a  thermoplastic  adhesive  resin  having  a 
low  modulus  of  elasticity  and  high  tensile  strength.  The 
result  was  N13p — a  resin  with  high  strength,  high  modulus, 
good  adhesion  to  glass  and  cellulose  fibres,  and  good  heat 
resistance." 


This    square    air    duct   has   been    fabricated    from    "Conolite"   for 
use  in  the  cabin  heating  system  of  a  Consolidated  B-24  "Liberator" 


116 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


Home*  W*n  JV*  ver  £1*.  TAis / 

(Continued  from  page  24) 


tills  field  is  further  indicated  by  the  impregnated  paper 
tubes  and  pipes  developed  for  the  conduction  of  hot  and  cold 
r,  light  and  heavy  condensate  oils  and  other  liquids. 
These  tubes  can  be  used  in  spiral,  convolute  or  concentric 
ings,  and  can  conduct  air  as  well  as  water.  For  ven- 
tilating tubes,  ducts  or  conduits,  the  "paper  plastics"  re- 
places wood,  metal  and  clay  products.  It  furnishes  unusual 
strength  and  durability  in  underground  conduits. 

There  is  now  being  produced  an  impregnated  paper  pipe 
which  has  been  found  acceptable  for  drain  and  soil  purposes. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  plastics  can  be  threaded  like  brass  or 
iron,  is  acid-proof  and  can  withstand  a  temperature  of  350° 
F.  The  Navy  Department  is  said  to  have  expressed  its  in- 
terest in  this  product,  as  it  is  seeking  a  pipe  which  is  non- 
metallic,  non-magnetic,  non-corrosive,  and  shock-resistant. 

Thermoplastics  such  as  polystyrene,  a  clear,  crystal  sub- 
stance having  unusual  resistance  to  water,  are  also  adaptable 
for  plumbing.  Non-corrosive,  they  are  ideal  for  tank  floats. 
For  toilet  flush  valves  and  elbows,  sink  stoppers  and  soap 
dishes,  cellulose  acetate  is  used.  Made  in  various  agreeable 
colors,  plastics  brings  esthetic  qualities  into  the  bathroom 
and  can  be  chosen  to  harmonize  pleasantly  with  the  walls. 

In  the  post-war  "packaged  home,"  bathroom  fixtures  may 
be  largely  of  plastics,  with  phenolic  shower-spray  heads  and 
faucet  handles.  Phenolic  laminated  toilet  seats,  though  not 
yet  commercially  successful,  may  yet  attain  wide  consumer 
acceptance.  The  bath  tub  might  have  a  laminated  core 
coated  with  opaque  resin-base  coatings.  The  lightweight 
plywood  tub  is  already  a  reality  and  the  next  logical  step, 
though  not  yet  realized,  is  the  unit-molded  bathroom,  with 
handbowl,  tub  and  toilet  fixtures  designed  as  a  single  unit. 

The  bathroom  floors  and  walls  of  prefabricated  homes 
may  be  tiled  with  plastics  which  hold  the  color  and  do  not 
chip.  The  acrylic  plastics  will  probably  be  popular,  espe- 
cially for  plumbing  handles,  faucets,  towel  racks  and  tooth- 
brushes, as  they  are  adaptable  for  extruded  moldings  and 
offer  an  assortment  of  decorative  treatments  in  both  trans- 
parent and  opaque  colors.  On  the  other  hand,  hamper  ve- 
neers, towel  bars  and  faucet  handles  may  be  of  cellulose 
acetate,  because  of  its  toughness,  lightness  and  beauty  of 
coloring. 

Closets  in  prefabricated  homes  will  in  many  cases  be  made 
from  plywood,  as  this  requires  a  minimum  of  framing.  The 
surfaces  are  uniform  and  can  be  made  to  harmonize  with 
any  color  scheme  of  interior  decoration  by  the  choice  of 
different  kinds  of  hardwood.  It  is  especially  adapted  for 
built-in  furniture  like  dinette  tables,  benches  and  window 
boxes,  as  well  as  for  shelving  and  screens. 

Furniture  Applications 

As  to  the  furniture  itself,  even  before  the  war,  demand  for 
products  made  partially  or  entirely  from  methyl  methacry- 
late  was  on  the  upcurve.  At  the  present  time,  this  material 
is  largely  in  the  service  of  Uncle  Sam,  in  the  form  of  bomber 
and  pursuit  plane  noses,  turrets  and  enclosures.  Furniture 
factories  engaged  in  aircraft  subcontracting  are  making 
plans  to  capitalize  on  their  war  experience  in  this  field  for 
the  manufacture  of  plastics  furniture  after  the  war.  For 
mass  production  and  a  price  level  that  is  compatible  with 
the  middle-income  bracket  of  packaged-home  owners,  simple 
construction  is  essential  in  order  to  bring  manufacturing 
costs  down  to  a  minimum. 

Discriminating  home  owners  may  prefer  to  have  the  tops 
of  their  tables,  radio  cabinets  and  dressers  made  of  a  lami-  I 
nated  plastics  sheet  produced  by  incorporating  quartered 
walnut  veneer  into  the  surface  with  a  transparent  protective 
lamination  over  the  wood  veneer.    This  creates  a  surface  I 


•  Certain  plastics  withstand  heat 
better  than  others.  Some  are  particu- 
larly adapted  for  jobs  that  must  with- 
stand wear.  Others  are  best  for  ma- 
chining and  threading.  •  The  secret 
of  success  in  plastics  is  in  knowing 
the  right  plastic  to  use  for  the  job  at 
hand.  •  Ask  us  to  help  you  see  what 
plastics  son  do  in  your  business. 
•  Just  send  photo,  sample  or  specifi- 
cations, and  we'll  tell  you  quickly  if 
it  can  be  made  in  moulded  plastics. 

THE  MAGNETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

1900   EUCLID   BUILDING      •      CLEVELAND   IS,   OHIO 


PERNICKETY? 


WE  ARE 


We  know  what  close  tolerances 
mean  .  .  .  that  precision  is  the 
First  Prerequisite  in  Electronics. 

KIRKMOLD    SPECIAL 

Injection  Molding  Process  for 
standard  and  made-to-measure 
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molded  flatlics  by 
•  KIRK  • 


MOLDING    COMPANY 

142  BROOK  STREET 
CLINTON  MASSACHUSETTS 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


117 


UNIVERSAL  Serves  America's   Leading   Industries 


The   "Original"  Patented  porous  stone  Airfilter 
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The  Porous  Stone  Insures 
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PLUS  filtration  through  the  min- 
ute pores  of  a  synthetic  stone. 
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NORTH  AMERICAN  ELECTRIC  LAMP  CO. 

1004  Tyler  Street  St.  Louis  6,  Missouri 

lift 


that  is  proof  against  cigarette  burns,  coffee  stains  and  fruit 
acids. 

Fabrics  may  be  pyroxylin-coated  or  treated  with  vinyl 
resins.  Durable,  washable  and  dyed  in  subtle  and  attractive 
colors,  they  will  be  used  widely  for  upholstery,  window  cur- 
tains and  floor  coverings.  Nylon  window  screens  may  re- 
place metal  screens ;  they  can  be  rolled  up  and  put  away  like 
shades  and  will  not  rust  or  corrode.  Venetian  blinds  will 
be  of  translucent  plastic,  in  various  shades.  The  acrylics 
will  be  commonly  used  in  illuminating  fixtures  as  they  are 
optically  clearer  than  glass  and  will  weigh  less.  For  fluor- 
escent lighting,  cellulose  acetate  is  particularly  effective. 

Concrete  indication  that  demand  for  packaged  homes  is 
expected  to  soar,  with  all  that  this  implies  for  plastics,  was 
furnished  by  a  recent  announcement  that  Henry  J.  Kaiser, 
famous  ship-builder,  who  is  now  a  partner  in  the  $20,000,000 
Standard  Gypsum  Company,  plans  to  sell  factory-built  sec- 
tions of  houses,  as  well  as  building  materials,  on  a  large 
scale.  His  company  will  mass-produce  and  sell  the  "core 
of  post-war  houses,"  including  interior  wall  panels  and 
whole  sections  such  as  kitchen,  bathroom,  and  laundry.  A 
new  plastics  cement  which  looks  like  stucco,  but  is  more 
durable,  will  be  a  feature  of  the  Kaiser  homes,  which  will 
use  "every  imaginable  variety  of  architectural  design." 

All  of  this  points  to  an  expanding  future  for  prefabricated 
houses  and  a  rising  market  for  plastics  applications  in  the 
mass-produced  home  of  the  future.  END 


Molding 

(Continued  from  page  75) 


All  steam  jackets  and  controls  are  omitted  for  sim- 
plicity. A  plastics  disc  (1)  is  placed  across  the  top  of  the 
female  hemispherical  mold  (3).  A  porous  washer  (2) 
made  from  wire  screen  rests  against  the  plastics  above 
which  is  the  variable  thickness  diaphragm  (3).  Cover  (4) 
is  pressed  down,  sealing  against  the  rubber  diaphragm,  and 
clamping  the  sheet.  The  whole  is  now  heated,  for  example, 
by  applying  equal  steam  pressure  to  P-2  and  P-2.  This 
forces  the  plastics  tightly  against  the  diaphragm.  Any  air 
between  the  two  escapes  through  the  porous  screen  washer 
(2),  into  the  annular  space  (7),  which  remains  substan- 
tially at  atmospheric  pressure  because  of  slight  leakage  be- 
tween the  cover  (4)  and  the  mold  (5). 

When  the  plastics  has  softened  uniformly,  pressure  (P) 
is  reduced  sufficiently  below  P-2  to  cause  the  diaphragm  and 
plastics  to  blow  into  contact  with  the  mold.  During  all  of 
this  motion,  the  material  is  forced  to  follow  the  diaphragm 
by  the  f rictional  forces  resulting  from  the  pressure,  P-l  and 
P-2,  both  of  which  are  substantially  above  atmospheric. 
The  whole  is  now  cooled  and  the  valve  (6)  opened.  This 
allows  the  pressure  (P-2)  to  enter  between  the  diaphragms 
and  the  blown  plastics  and  the  diaphragm  will  spring  back, 
leaving  the  plastics  against  the  mold.  The  whole  may  then 
be  taken  apart  and  the  material  removed.  Obviously,  the 
system  is  subject  to  fully  automatic  operation  if  the  number 
of  parts  wanted  will  justify  the  expense.  Hot  sheet  may 
be  used  with  a  cold  mold,  the  cover  acting  as  a  shear  to  cut 
out  the  disc  of  hot  plastics.  The  system  is  handicapped  by 
the  comparatively  short  life  of  the  diaphragms  at  common 
plastic-working  temperatures.  Moreover,  the  diaphragm  is 
usually  rough  and  the  lustre  of  the  plastics  may  be  dulled. 

Direct  Blowing 

Bearing  in  mind  that  there  are  three  major  steps  in  this 
process — softening  the  plastics,  forming  a  blank  or  parison, 
and  blowing  the  parison  to  final  shape,  it  will  be  found  that 
the  exact  procedure  in  any  case  is  dependent  upon  the  com- 
plexity of  the  object  to  be  blown.  The  final  result  may  be 
accomplished  by  many  methods.  Steps  may  consist  of  the 
following : 

PLASTICS  APRIL  1945 


A.  Softening   the   PUttic 

(1)  Chemicals 

(A)  Plasticize    the    solvent 

(B)  Emulsify  the  plastics 

(2)  Healing 

C)  Heat  by  contact 

D)  Heat  by  friction 

E)  Heat  by  controlled   hot  air  or  steam   blast 

F)  Heat  by  radiation 

G)  Heat  by  electronic  methods 

B.  Forming  a  Parison 

I      Dip  form  in  lacquer  solution  and  dry 

Dip  hot  plunger  in  fine  cold  powder,  thus  melting  on  a  coat 

Same  as  above,  using  outside  hot  mold 

Spray  coat  a  form,  then  dry  and  strip 

Spray  hot  blast  melted  plastics  on  form,  cool,  strip 

Press  parison  from  hot  gob  of  plastics 

Injection   mold   parison 

Extrude  sheet,  use  hot 

Extrude  tube,  use  hot 

10)  Machine  blank,  reheat  part  to  be  blown 

11)  Rlter  emulsion  on  mold,  dry  and  heat 

12)  Make  preform  by  winding  hot  sheet 

13)  Make  preform  by  dipping  cold  form  in  molten  plastics 
I  14)   Slush  mold  parison 

C.  Blowing   Simple   Shapes 


Use  cold  mold  and  cold  air  with  hot  blank 

Use  cold  blank,  hot  mold  and  hot  air 

Use  cold  mold,  cold  blank,  steam  or  hot  air  heat  inside  blank 

Use  cold  to  medium  warm  mold,  cold  blank,  hot  liquid  blow- 


ing fluid 

(5)  Use  cold  mold,  cold  blank,  cycle  heat  and  blow.    Then  cool 

mold  finished  piece 

(6)  Use   vacuum   applied   to   mold   to   replace   internal   air   pres- 

sure in  the  above 

I)    Use  rubber  bag  inside  to  isolate  plastics 
8)    Use    graduated    thickness    on    rubber    bag    to    control    dis- 
tribution 

(9)    Blow   to    intermediate    shape    to   freeze    certain    areas,    then 
transfer  to  final  blow  mold  and  blow  final  shape 

D.  Blowing   Complicated    Shapes 

I  First  blow  large  enough  ball,  then  pinch  out  product 
Blow  part,  pinch  part 

Pinch  and  seal  in  the  internal  air  pressure 
Any  of  above  with   further   complication   of   punch-forming 
certain   parts 

(5)  Blow  large  and  cool.    Insert  complicated  shape  carefully,  re- 

heat and   permit  plastics  to  shrink  back  on  form 

(6)  Metal  inserts  may  be  placed  in  mold  and  the  plastics  blown 

against   or   around    them.     This    permits    undercuts   to    be 
blown   and   the  article   removed   as  in   regular   molding 

(7)  Metal  inlays  can  be  placed  in  mold  and  left  in  place 

E.  Types  of  Machine 

II  Single  head,  single  mold 
21   Single  head,  multiple  mold 
3)    Multiple  head,  multiple  mold 

It  is  only  necessary  to  select  one  from  each  of  the  four 
groups,  either  C  or  D  to  outline  a  blowing  process.  There 
are  2646  combinations  using  Group  A  and  2058  combina- 
tion-; using  Group  D.  About  two-thirds  of  all  of  these  could 
result  in  a  useful  cycle.  This  brings  up  the  problem :  "How 
can  one  select  the  best  cycle  for  the  direct  blowing  of  an 
article?" 

Nearly  all  commercial  operations  must  start  from  com- 
mercial grades  of  molding  powder,  and  the  process  is  now 
confined  to  the  thermoplastic  type  of  resins.  The  usual 
method  of  handling  which  involved  delivery  under  pressure, 
will  limit  the  method  of  heating  to  contact  heat  in  which 
frictional  heat  may  be  developed  as  a  secondary  matter. 
Preheating  the  powder  has  led  to  objectionable  complica- 
tion^. 

In  Group  B,  those  which  have  been  used  commercially 
with  suoros  are:  (1)  the  method  of  forming  the  parison 
by  dipping  the  form  in  a  lacquer  solution,  drying  it  and 
stripping  it  from  the  form;  (7)  injection  molding  the  pari- 
son ;  and  (9)  extruding  a  tube. 

In  Group  C  only  (1),  which  consists  of  blowing  the  hot 
p;tri><ni  in  a  cold  mold  with  cold  air.  and  (3),  which  uses 
a  cold  or  cool  mold,  a  cool  blank  with  steam  or  hot  air  used 
as  a  blowing  and  blank  heating  means,  have  been  used  com- 
mercially. 


PLASTICS 

th»  Flattitt  Finiihtr 


YOUR    SYMBOL   OF    DEPENDABLE    FINISHING 

SAYSl  "Plastics  parts  are  precious  these  days.  So  don't  take 
chances  with  hit-or-miss  finishing  methods.  Trust  your  prod- 
ucts only  to  experts.  Bring  'em  to  me  and  you're  sure  of  top- 
notch  Machining,  Assembly  and  Color-Spraying  every  time!" 


CORPORATION 

4034  N.  KOLMAR     *    CHICAGO  41.  ILL. 


"PACKAGED" 

TIME  CONTROLS 


Engineered  to  Purchasers' 

Requirements. 

Delivered  Ready  to  Install. 


LEOMINSTER 


SERIES  "44" 


Fully  Automatic  Injection  Molding  Machine 
equipped  with  Eagle  control  panel. 

Precision  Timing  of  the  operating  cycle  is 
insured  by  Microflex  Timers  providing  1  10  sec. 
accuracy  over  120-second  time  scale. 

Send  us  your  timing  control  problems. 

EAGLE  SIGNAL  CORPORATION 

MOLINE  ILLINOIS 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTICS 


119 


AMERICAN  MOLDING  POWDER 
&  CHEMICAL  CORP. 

Manufacturers  of: 


pAcer) 


CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
MOLDING  POWDERS 

Any  Color  -  Any  Flow 


American  Molding  Powder 
&  Chemical  Corp. 

44   Hew**  Street 
Brook  yn   11,  N.  V. 

Tel.:    IVergre.n    7-38(7 


T  DIE  CAST  AND 
MOLDED  PRODUCTS 

A   compile   manu/acfuring   service. 
DESIGNERS—INJECTION  HOLDERS—DIE  CASTERS 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

NOVELTIES,  HARDWARE,  AUTOMOTIVE  SPECIALTIES. 

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UTAH  PLASTIC  & 
DIE-CAST  CO. 

Servicing  the  Intermountain  Area 
CUSTOM  INJECTION  MOLDERS 

DESIGNERS  and  DIE  CASTERS  oi 
ZINC  and  ALUMINUM  ALLOYS 

A  complete  manufacturing  service. 
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In  Group  D  the  first  four  methods  have  been  used  with 
success.  The  type  of  machine  as  given  in  Group  E  will  be 
determined  largely  by  the  output  wanted  from  the  machine. 
While  this  very  materially  reduces  the  number  of  successful 
applications,  it  still  does  not  enable  one  to  proceed  with 
assurances  in  evaluating  the  direct  blowing  process. 

Fig.  9  shows  a  tube  with  hemispherical  end  and  the  move- 
ment which  takes  place  when  such  an  object  is  blown  up 
in  open  air.  In  Fig.  10  is  presented  a  comparison  between 
the  viscosity  temperature  curves  for  two  plastics  and  one 
composition  of  lime  glass. 

Limitations  in  Use 

One  very  naturally  jumps  to  the  conclusion  that  since 
there  are  hundreds  of  millions  of  glass  bottles  sold  in  the 
U.  S.  every  year,  there  must  also  be  a  place  for  at  least  tens 
of  millions  of  plastics  bottles.  When  thinking  of  this  com- 
parison, one  must  remember  that  glass  is  a  very  cheap 
material,  the  ingredients  of  which  cost  from  $7  to  $15  a 
ton  and  which  in  the  commercial  grades  usually  used  for 
bottles  can  be  delivered  to  the  forming  machines  at  a  price, 
including  all  melting  operations,  of  $15  per  ton.  Moreover, 
it  is  substantially  unaffected  by  all  ordinary  foods  and 
chemicals,  except  those  containing  hydrofluoric  acid;  it 
does  not  permit  migration  of  air  or  water  through  its  wall; 
it  does  not  impart  tastes  or  odor  to  its  contents,  and,  when 
filled  with  liquid  and  dropped  upon  a  wooden  floor  or  a  floor 
covered  with  any  sort  of  carpeting  material,  it  will  with- 
stand a  shock  at  least  as  great,  and  often  greater,  than  will 
thin  bottles  made  from  many  of  the  plastics  materials.  It 
can  be  seen  that  the  use  of  a  general-purpose  plastics  bottle 
to  replace  glass  is  not  likely. 

Nevertheless,  the  virtues  of  the  plastics  bottle  are  such 
that  it  can  and  will  be  used  for  special  applications  in  which 
its  properties  are  of  advantage.  Polystyrene  bottles  may 
be  used  to  contain  and  convey  hydrofluoric  acid  and  hydro- 
fluoric acid-bearing  compounds.  Mixtures  consisting  of  oil 
emulsions  may  be  packed  in  certain  plastics  containers.  All 
dry  compounds  such  as  talcum  powder  or  any  dry  material 
which  is  not  especially  hygroscopic  can  be  packed  in  plastics 
containers.  Cosmetic  bottles  are  made  from  the  tough 
plastics  that  are  immune  to  breakage  by  dropping  in  the 
bathroom  or  on  to  tile  floors.  Plastics  bottles  are  also  light 
and  in  the  beautiful  variety  of  colors,  have  an  esthetic  ap- 
peal which  the  glass  bottle  in  its  ordinary  form  does  not 
have.  The  fields  in  which  blown  plastics  articles  have  so 
far  proven  successful  include  any  form  of  container  which 
is  now  being  made  from  plastics  sheet.  END 


The  Purchasing  Agent  Speaks 

{Continued  from  page  76) 


factors  of  this  type  of  molding  will  come  down.  Then, 
speaking  of  compression  molding,  there  is  the  advancement 
of  low  pressure  molding  whereby  it  is  possible  to  fabricate 
certain  types  of  low  cost  forms.  Therefore,  the  purchasing 
agent,  must  recognize  several  factors  which  indicate  wheth- 
er injection  or  compression  molding  is  the  manufacturing 
process  to  be  used.  Broadly  speaking ;  he  should  be  familiar 
with  the  relationship  which  exists  between  the  type  of  mold- 
ing and:  (1)  the  size  of  the  product;  (2)  the  intricacy  of 
its  design;  (3)  the  number  of  cut-outs  or  insets  involved; 
(4)  the  number  of  dies  required  to  attain  a  given  pro- 
duction. 

ENGINEERING  : — In  regard  to  this  matter,  the  purchasing 
agent  who  is  helping  his  company  achieve  a  place  with  the 
aid  of  plastics  should  be  well  equipped  to  act  as  liaison 
officer  between  the  engineering  requirements  of  his  company 
and  the  engineering  abilities  of  his  sources  of  supply.  One 
of  the  biggest  fields  for  plastics  will  be  their  use  in  com- 


120 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


bination  with  other  materials  as  component  parts.  Thus, 
a  specific  knowledge  of  the  job  which  a  particular  plastics 
component  is  expected  to  do  by  his  company  will  permit 
the  purchasing  agent  to  more  intelligently  deal  with  his 
vendors.  On  the  other  hand,  the  wider  the  purchasing 
agent's  knowledge  of  materials  and  manufacturing  proc- 
esses, the  more  able  he  is  to  cooperate  with  his  own  engi- 
neering and  production  people.  In  this  connection  it  is 
important  to  consider  whether  a  particular  manufacturer 
makes  his  own  tools  and  dies  or  whether  he  has  them  done 
on  the  outside.  As  has  been  well  proven  throughout  the 
years  of  war  production,  the  more  avenues  which  a  prod- 
uct must  travel  to  completion,  the  more  grief  there  is  likely 
to  be.  Where  a  fabricator  of  plastics  materials  is  equipped 
with  his  own  tool  shop,  the  question  of  whether  the  tools  are 
right  is  his  responsibility  and  not  someone's  else.  Similarly 
with  regard  to  the  matter  of  engineering,  the  wider  the  va- 
riety of  a  particular  vendor's  operations,  the  more  likely  he 
is  to  have  acquired  the  range  of  engineering  ability  with 
which  to  make  plastics  fit  the  job. 

Final  Consideration 

TECHNICAL  SKILLS: — In  regard  to  this  last  of  the  four 
factors,  it  is  just  as  difficult  to  establish  a  criterion  in  the 
field  of  plastics  as  in  any  other  field.  The  best  yardstick  is 
evidence  of  previous  performance  plus  an  ingenuity  to  meet 
new  or  unexplored  situations.  On  top  of  this  may  well  be 
the  thoroughness  with  which  a  particular  plastics  manufac- 
turer is  able  to  finish  his  operations  to  the  point  that  when 
they  are  brought  to  assembly  they  can  be  used  without  the 
need  for  additional  work,  awd  with  minimum  rejections. 

During  a  war  it  is  more  the  job  of  the  purchasing  agent 
to  procure  than  to  actually  purchase.  He  is  asked  to  obtain 
delivery  of  products  often  without  regard  to  cost.  But,  in 
the  cost-conscious  period  of  reconversion  and  peacetime 
economy,  he  will  again  occupy  his  role  as  a  most  important 
personage  in  establishing  the  cost  of  the  product  his  com- 
pany sells.  To  do  this  he  will  again  have  to  give  cost,  and 
not  procurement  first  consideration.  This  is  no  disadvan- 
tage to  the  plastics  industry  because  since  plastics  are  new 
materials,  they  must  rely  to  some  extent,  upon  replacing 
other  materials  in  order  to  secure  their  markets.  With  all 
due  regard  for  certain  elements  of  sales  appeal  which  plas- 
tics can  bring-  to  a  given  product  by  reason  of  color  and 
touch,  catering  to  these  two  senses  must  be  on  a  competitive 
basis. 

Other  older  materials  with  which  the  purchasing  agent 
has  long  been  familiar — iron,  steel,  wood,  copper,  glass,  etc. 
— are  also  in  expanded  production.  Their  sponsors  also 
have  developed  new  manufacturing  techniques  and  applied 
new  engineering  principles  by  which  the  use  of  these  prod- 
ucts will  be  extended  to  fields  hitherto  ignored.  Since  it  is 
only  logical  that  a  newcomer  in  any  field  is  more  the 
competitor  than  those  already  in  that  field,  it  is  plastics 
which  are  facing  rigorous  competition  from  existing  ma- 
terials and  not  the  reverse  as  many  would  have  us  believe. 

Price  the  Determining  Factor 

As  an  alert  and  rugged  competitor,  plastics  have  already 
won  many  competitive  laurels.  But,  to  realize  the  promise 
which  the  plastics  industry  holds  for  the  purchasing  agent, 
it  will  have  to  win  many  more  and  on  a  strictly  competitive 
basis.  The  determining  factor  of  a  competitive  basis  is  not 
what  one  manufacturer  thinks  or  what  another  manufac- 
turer may  disagree  with.  It  is  what  the  ultimate  user  thinks 
and  what  he  or  she  agrees  with.  Outside  of  a  relatively 
small  number  of  consumers  who  do  not  rightly  constitute 
a  market  as  far  as  mass  goods  are  concerned,  price  is  the 
determining  factor  in  every  purchase. 

In  the  processes  of  mass  producing  an  article  for  the  mass 
market,  it  has  long  been  accepted  by  progressive  manage- 
ments that  the  purchasing  agent  has  a  definite  contribution 


•••• 
^  WATERBURY     PLASTICS 

Moldings  of  Merit 

I    When    Louis    Daguerre    of    Franca    perfected    his 
*     photographic    process    In    1839,    he    little    thought 
I    that  It  would  lead  to  a  great  Industry.  Yet  com- 
•i         position  cases  of  remarkable  beauty  were  created 
in  this  country  to  protect  the  Daguerreotype  and 
that  was  tha  start  of  Plastic  Molding  In  America. 

Waterbury  Companies,  Inc.,  then  known  as  the 
Waterbury  Button  Company,  molded  many  prod- 
ucts of  plastic  materials  In  those  early  days. 

^"^        ^C  \{    cD  J  Today     their    sii     manufacturing     divisions     serve 

lfcOv  \  American    industry   with   a    wide   range    of   plastic 

,\\*-         .  \       '     and  metal  products;  all  made  in  one  plant  under 

o\>*  .^VJ*     \         one  responsibility;  molded  together  when  required 


*< 


v^s 


or  assamblad  in  complata  unlti. 

Look  to  this  prograssiva  company  for  your  plastic 
and  matal  parts  naads.  Whan  writing  addrass 
Dapt.  S. 


WATERBURY    COMPANIES,   INC. 

formerly  Wofwrbury   it/ft,  n   Ztt  ,  I*.   Ill  J 

WATitiuir,  coNNicricur 


Stop  that  preheating  and 
molding  cycle  guesswork- 
Install  RELIANCE  TIMERS 
and  turn  out  the  best  work." 


Listad  by  Undarwrltart  Labora- 
tories for  10  amparas  at  I2S  volts 
and  S  amparas  at  250  volts.  Twenty- 
one  types  are  available  to  cover 
practically  any  timing  requirement. 


An    extremely    ac- 
curate    motor-driven 
electrical  timer.  «pa- 
v      cially  suited  to  plas- 
\    tic    molding     opera- 
i    fiont.  You  simply  set 
I    the   timing   hand   for 
'     the  time  interval  de- 
sired   and    the   timer 
will  make  (or  break) 
the  electrical  circuit 
at    tha    end    of    the 
period  It  it  set  for. 
The    /ow    price    will 
.  surprise  you. 


DIANA  Clock 

6O5  W.  WASHINGTON  BLVD. 

C  H  I  C  A  O  O 


APRIL  1945 


PLASTiCS 


121 


IF  YOU  WANT  OUTLETS 
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NEW  •    USED 
REBUILT 

For  the  Plutic-Moldlnl-Rubbcr-Chemlol-Wood   >nd    Metal  Working   Industries 

SPECIAL  OFFERINGS 

Complete  Plastic  Button  Molding  Equipment  Comprising  6 — Terkelsen 
Presses,   2 — Cotton   Preform   Machines,    Various   Sizes   Molds,    Button 
Piercing  Machines,  Tumbling  Barrels,  Etc.    All  In  Excellent  Condition. 
Inspection  Under  Power. 
New  Industrial  Equipment  Company  6"  i  12"  Laboratory  Mills. 

HrDKAULIC    EQUIPMENT    SPECIALS 
1— Elmes   20  Ton   Laboratory   IT»«».   8"  x  g-   Electrically   Heated   Platena,   Thermo- 

Htatlc   Control*.    Daylight   Opening   Adjustable    4" — 13". 
1— New    157    Ton    Mobbing    Press,    and    1— New    4OO    Ton 

ir .'Line    PreM.    la-    Daylight.    Hardened    steel    Anvils. 

Each     Complete    with     Either    Hand    or    Power    Driven 

Pump   with    Necemmary    Piping   and    Acceaaorlea. 
4— Buckeye    4OO    Ton    Preaaea.    2O-  it  38"    Platena.    e'-O" 

Daylight.    16"   Diam.    X    rV-fl-    Stroke    Up   Moving   Rama. 

Steel    Cylinders    4OOO  s     wp. 

Other    sizes    Presses.    Piimpa.    Accumulator*,    Preform    Ma- 
chines,   Grinders.    Machine    Tools.     Etc. 

INDUSTRIAL  EQUIPMENT  COMPANY 

S73  Broad  Street  Newark  2.  N.  J. 


FOR  SALE 


New,  Used  and  (ebui/r 


Hydraulic  Presses,  Pumps,  Accumutatori,  etc. 

for  Plastic  &  Rubber  Industries 
Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Your  Surplus  Equipment 

UNIVERSAL  HYDRAULIC   MACHINERY  COMPANY 

285  Hudson   Street,  New  York  13.  N.  Y.  Walker  5-5332-3 


ANDREW    C.    KARLSTAD 

INDUSTRIAL  DESIGNER 

COMPLETE   PRODUCT    DESIGN    &    ENGINEERING    SERVICE 

4144  VENTURA  CANYON  AVE.  SHERMAN  OAKS.  CALIF. 

PHONE— STATE  4-5480  (A  SUBURB  OF  LOS  ANGELES) 


WANTED 


Small  or  medium  sized  Plastics 
Molding  Plant  with  injection 
equipment  with  or  without  Tool  Shop.  Advise  full 
details. 

Box   19,  %  Plastics 
540   N.   Michigan   Ave.,  Chicago    II,   Illinois 


L.  H.  BATTALEN 

DESIGN.  MECH.  ENG. 
FORMERLY  WITH  MASTER  TOOL  »  DIE  MAKERS,  INC. 

INJECTION  &  COMPRESSION  MOLDERS 

MOLD  MAKER  .   .   .   NOVELTIES  .   .   .  TOYS 

ORNAMENTAL  PLASTIC  &  METAL  SPECIALTIES 

682  Broadway.  N.  Y.  C.  Algonquin  4-4254 


to  make  to  both  engineering  and  sales  by  reason  of  his 
knowledge  of  materials  and  their  manufacture.  Many  of  the 
advancements  which  have  marked  the  progress  of  plastics 
from  a  laboratory  experiment  into  a  sizable  industry  have 
been  achieved  by  working  with  a  potential  customer's  engi- 
neers. This  practice  should  not  be  discontinued,  but  the 
plastics  industry  would  do  well  to  expand  their  industry  op- 
erations to  include  more  than  before  the  purchasing  agent. 

Four  Factors 

Recognizing  the  fact  that  the  purchasing  agent's  function 
is  definitely  concerned  with  cost,  plastics  people  should  re- 
flect engineering  and  technical  information  as  concerns  both 
materials  and  process  in  terms  of  cost,  which  is,  after  all,  the 
purchasing  agent's  common  denominator.  Four  simple  fac- 
tors will  aid  any  purchasing  agent  to  appraise  with  accuracy 
the  possibilities  of  plastics  for  his  company  and  its  product : 
(1)  the  cost  of  the  materials.  (2)  The  cost  of  securing 
the  molding  tools  or  dies;  (3)  molding  or  fabricating  cost; 
(4)  finishing  cost.  These  factors  embrace  the  four  items 
previously  referred  to,  viz :  materials,  manufacture,  engi- 
neering, techniques. 

Today  and  in  the  days  immediately  ahead,  purchasing 
agents  will  be  required  to  investigate  plastics.  It  is,  rather, 
up  to  the  plastics  industry  than  the  purchasing  agent  to  say 
how  the  latter  should  look  at  this  important  industry.  In  one 
direction  lies  a  vast  mass  of  Sunday  Supplement  wizardry. 
In  the  other  direction  lie  the  most  satisfactory  answers  for 
plastics  people,  be  they  manufacturers  of  materials,  ma- 
chinery, or  any  form  of  plastics  products.  The  answer 
would  seem  to  be  what  the  plastics  industry  itself  is  able 
to  show  to  purchasing  agents  when  they  "Look  at  Plastics." 

END 


Mechanize  tion 

{Continued  from  page  34) 


A  typical  example  of  savings  effected  by  the  use  of  fully 
automatic  presses  is  provided  by  a  nationally-known  foun- 
tain pen  part.  This  small  part  cost  $5.95  per  thousand 
when  molded  by  conventional  methods.  Rejects  were  the 
big  problem,  inaccuracies  in  large,  multiple-cavity  molds 
greatly  complicating  assembly.  Automatic  molding  now 
produces  these  parts  at  a  total  cost  of  $2.30  per  thousand, 
including  material,  labor,  heat  and  power,  overhead  and 
amortization  of  machines  and  molds.  Two  15-ton  machines 
produce  20,300  caps  per  24-hour  day.  Thus,  an  investment 
of  $7000  for  automatic  molding  machines  and  molds  saves 
an  approximate  $11,000  per  year  in  the  cost  of  these  parts, 
and  considerable  time  and  labor  in  the  assembly  opera- 
tions. 

Although  precise  figures  are  not  available  on  war-time 
products,  it  has  been  definitely  shown  that  major  economies 
were  effected  on  a  variety  of  parts,  some  of  which  could  not 
previously  be  molded.  Typical  of  these  are  a  switch  cover, 
previously  die-cast  or  stamped ;  a  harmonica  comb,  made  to 
close  tolerances,  in  which  riveting  or  other  fastening  meth- 
ods are  eliminated ;  and  parts  for  goggles,  of  which  the 
lens  retaining  ring  is  threaded  on  the  inside  and  another 
ring  to  seat  the  lens  is  threaded  on  the  outside.  Two-holed 
insulators,  %"  in  diameter  and  3/16"  thick,  are  made  eight 
at  a  time  in  a  sub-cavity  mold,  at  the  rate  of  6000  per  24- 
hr  day,  at  a  cost  of  88c  per  thousand. 

A  completely  automatic  150-ton  press  is  a  definite  peace- 
time probability.  The  machine  has  been  engineered,  but 
immediate  manufacture  is  not  contemplated.  It  will  utilize 
the  control  systems  and  other  features  of  Stokes  automatics 
and  is  designed  to  bring  the  advantages  of  automatic  pro- 
duction to  the  manufacture  of  parts  such  as  tube  bases, 
sockets  and  other  products  which  are  made  in  runs  of 
millions.  END 


122 


PLASTICS 


APRIL  1945 


Jobs  in  the  Plastics  Industry 

(Continued  front  f>ayc  68) 


Till. 


Train- 
Ing 
Tim* 


Wag* 

Rotev 


T«r*room   Man 


Thread   Inspector 
(Inspector — Female) 


(Twister,        Twisting 
Operator  —  Fe- 


Washer 

(Mole  or  Female) 


(Roll  Man) 


Tends  viscose  solution  mixers 
in  which  cellulose  xonthate  it 
mixed  with  o  solution  of  Caustic 
soda  and  transformed  into  o 
liquid. 

Passes  thread  behind  electric 
tight  and  examines  it  for  flaws. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
twists  specified  number  of 
strands  into  thread. 


Removes  cones,  bobbins, 
spools  or  cakes  of  synthetic 
yarn,  and  places  on  rack  to 
wash  acid  from  thread. 

Operates  o  winding  ma- 
chine; sees  that  material  is 
wound  on  roll*  smoothly  and 
evenly.  Also  moves  rolls  by 
hand  truck,  electric  truck  or  rail 
car  wherever  needed. 


80c-$l.lO 
50-75e 

<so-80c 

30-75c 
A5-85c 


Impregnating,  Coating  and  Laminating 


Calender    Man 
(Embosser) 


(Mole) 


Cure  Mar, 

(Male  or  Female) 


Glue  Mill  Operator 
(Male) 


Glue  Heater 
(Male) 


Hot  Air  Seasoning 
Man  (Mole) 


Hot  Plate  Plywood 
Press  Operator  (Ve- 
neer press  opera- 
tor— Mole) 


laminating  Press 
Operator  (Male) 


Make-Up   Man 


Mandret  Man 

(Male  or  Female) 


Feeds  plastics  covered  lex- 
tile  or  paper  between  the  rolls 
of  an  embossing  machine,  one 
of  which  has  a  design  cut  in  its 
surface.  This  design  is  thus  im- 
printed upon  the  material  put 
thru  the  machine. 

Operates  o  machine  that  im- 
pregnates paper  or  fabrics 
with  synthetic  resins.  Places 
large  roll  of  paper  or  fabric  in 
machine,  set  angle  of  coating 
knife,  scoops  dope  to  surface  of 
cloth  or  paper  and  regulates 
course  of  material  through 
oven. 

Places  laminated  plastks 
tubes  in  mold  and  cures  under 
heat  and  pressure. 

Crushes  dried  glue  to  re- 
quired size  by  dumping  into 
hopper  and  starting  mill,  be- 
ing careful  not  to  feed  glue 
too  fast  and  thus  choke  the 
hopper. 

Tends  a  glue  heating  ma- 
chine which  liquefies  glue  to 
degree  required.  Places  ground 
glue  into  hopper  and  regulates 
heating  apparatus. 

Tends  o  heated  chamber  or 
room  in  which  veneer  or  plastics 
materials  may  be  properly 
seasoned.  Controls  tempera- 
ture of  chamber  and  length  of 
seasoning  in  accordance  with 
the  degree  of  moisture  content, 
etc.,  which  might  be  required. 
May  load  and  unload  chamber. 

Makes  "Impreg,"  "Compreg" 
or  other  plastics-impregnated 
woods  by  gluing  together,  un- 
der great  heat  and  pressure, 
many  pieces  of  thm  veneer 
which  have  been  coated  with 
phenolic  resin  glue,  by  operat- 
ing o  hot  plate  plywood  press. 

Operates  a  hydraulic  press 
(usually  low  pressure)  which 
produces  sheets  of  plastic* 
material  by  pressing  layers 
of  resin- impregnated  paper, 
textile  or  other  material  be- 
tween steel  plates. 

Mixes  ingredients  to  moke 
coating  dopes.  Weighs  in- 
gredients, svch  OS  nitrocellulose, 
solvents,  oils  and  pigments  and 
puts  them  in  mixing  machine. 
Takes  sample  of  mixture  and 
compares  with  desired  sample. 
Adds  ingredients  until  he 
matches  color  and  quality. 

Tends  a  semi- automatic  ma- 
chine which  winds  filler  onto 
heated  mandrels  In  making 
laminated  plastics  tubing. 


75c-$l 


B  85c-$1.15 


75c-$l 


65-85c 


65-85c 


75c-»l 


$1. 00-$  1.30 


8Sc-$l.lO 


8Se-$U5 


For   information   on    our    Standard   Navy    and   Marl- 
time    Fitting*    coniu/f    Graybar    Cltctric    Company. 


7-11   ELKINS  ST.,  SO.  BOSTON  27,  MASS. 
35    YEARS    OF    PLASTIC    MOLDING    EXPERIENCE 


ihermoplasf.es 


scrap 


BOUGHT 


der  SOLO 


SELL  US  YOUR  THERMOPLASTIC  WASTE.  Sell  u.  re- 
jected molded  p/eees  or  obsolete  molding  powders — 
cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  oceto-butyrote,  polystyrene. 
methyl  methocrylote.  or  polyvinyl  resin. 

WE  SEPARATE  ALL  CONTAMINATIONS,  removing  steel 
or  other  mixtures — metal  or  anything  else — and  rework 
and  plasticize  the  material  into  first  class,  ready-to->se 
reprocessed  molding  powder. 

Bur  FROM  US  when  reconditioned  molding  powder  Is 
needed  /or  your  process.  You'll  find  our  product  a  trust- 
worthy and  reliable  element.  Contact  ui  at  our  modern 
plant.  Inquiries  will  receive  prompt  attention. 


4i-90« 


(Further  job  classifications  art  on  page  124) 


BAMBERGER 

plastic 
materials 


APRIL  194:. 


I'l.ASTH'S 


Call  or  Write 

Department  P 

44  He  we.  St..  Brooklyn  11.  N.  Y. 
Evergreen  7-3887 
Cable:   Chemprod 


123 


Titl. 


Duties 


Train- 
I  ing 
Tim* 


Wag* 

Rqt.s 


Till. 


Duli.s 


Millman 

(Paint  MIX. 


Oven  Tendrr 
(Mai.) 


(Embosser — Male) 


Weighs  pigments,  measures 
oil,  and  places  them  Into  a  mix- 
ing machine  where  they  are 
ground  and  mixed  together  to 
produce  the  coloring  material 
used  as  a  dying  coating.  May 
also  keep  record  of  formulas  of 
various  pigments  so  as  to  be 
able  to  duplicate  shades  and 
rintj  years  later  by  reference 
to  hU  records. 

Controls  the  temperature, 
humidity  and  conveyor  speed 
of  an  oven  in  which  laminated 
plattict  sheeting  is  dried.  These 
ovens  may  be  either  vertical  or 
horizontal 

Operate*  a  hydraulic  em* 
bossing  machine  to  Impart  a 
design  to  plastics  coated 
fabrics,  paper  or  synthetics. 


90e-$1.25 


75c-$l 


75c-$1 


for  Sale: 


One  Kux  Model  60  single 
punch  Preform    Machine 


Serial  No.  6044365,  with  5  H.P.  Reeves  motor  driven 
Variable  Speed  Drive,  serial  No.  5KG-284D11,  220 
volt,  60  cycle,  3  phase,  overload  push  button  switch, 
belts,  pulley,  guards  and  motor  mounting.  Purchased 
April,  1943.  This  machine  was  purchased  NEW  and 
is  offered  AS  IS.  Subject  to  prior  sale. 

Ceiling  Price  $2,784.00,  FOB  Decatur,  Illinois. 
Available  about  May  15,  1945.  Manufacturer's  rat- 
ing— maximum,  diameter  tablet  2Vi";  maximum 
depth  of  full  2";  maximum  pressure  30  ton.  This 
machine  now  in  service  and  is  being  released  be- 
cause of  procurement  of  larger  machine. 

The  Grigoleit  Company, 

744  East  North  Street,  Decatur  80,  Illinois 


ROUTER  BITS— FORM  CUTTERS  and 
MACHINES  for  HIGH  SPEED  CON- 
TOUR and  STRAIGHT  CUTTING  PLASTICS 

Send  lor  Ctltlot  No.  43 

EKSTROM,  CARLSON  &  CO. 

1410  Railroad  AT*.  ROCKFORD.  ILL. 


WANTED 

By  large  manufacturing  company — Injection  Molding  Machine. 
Reed  Prentice,  H.P.H.  Watson-Stillman  or  equivalent  8  or  12 
ounce  size  preferred — are  interested  In  any  size  available. 

Box   20.  %   Plastics.   540   N.   Michigan   Ave.,   Chicago   II.   Illinois. 


CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING 


CHEMICAL  OR  MECHANICAL  ENGINEKR  wanted  for  design  and  pro- 
duction of  new  low  pressure  molded  plastic  products.  By  progressive  client 
of  ours  located  short  distance  from  N.  Y.  Excellent  postwar  opportunities. 
Write  in  detail.  Replies  treated  confidentially.  Rex  Ceder,  Advertising, 

140  Nassau  St.,  New  York  7,  N.  Y. 

POSITION  WANTED  :  Plastic  Engineer — Age  46 — Excellent  personality 
and  appearance.  Capable  of  Mold  designing — research  and  management  In 
Plastic  Plant.  Reply  Box  21,  %  Plastics. 

ADVERTISING  AND  SALES  EXECUTIVE:  Phenolic  resin  manufacturer 
interested  in  baring  someone  to  take  over  advertising  department.  Must 
have  good  personal  appearance  as  part  of  duties  will  be  on  sales  develop- 
ment and  publicity.  Must  have  a  good  knowledge  of  advertising  and  pref- 
erably experience  In  the  plastics  Industry.  Salary  $400-1600  per  month 
depending  on  experience,  education,  etc.  Reply  in  detail  to  Box  22,  % 
Plastics. 

NEW  ENGLAND  plastic  Molding  company  needs  a  young  capable  foreman 
to  supervise  finishing  assembly,  packing  and  shipping.  Plastic  back- 
ground preferred.  Good  future.  Salary.  Reply  Box  23,  %  Plastics. 


Train- 

ing 
Tim. 


Wage 
Ra1«s 


Recovery  Man 

(Solvent      Recovery 
Man) 


Rewinder 
(Mole) 


Squeeze  Operator 
(Male) 


Tube  Baker 

(Male  or  Female) 


Tends  automatic  equipment 
in  o  recovery  room.  Hot  air  Is 
circulated  In  the  cooling  ovens 
to  evaporate  the  solvents  used 
tn  the  coating  process.  The  sol- 
vent vapor  is  then  sucked  Into 
this  recovery  room  where,  by 
means  of  activated  carbon, thr 
solvent  Is  recovered  to  be  used 
over  again.  Watches  gages  for 
records. 

Takes  toll  of  grey  goods  as 
it  has  come  from  the  mill  and 
runs  It  off  on  a  winding  machine 
watching  for  tears,  bad  weav- 
ing and  other  Imperfections 
which  he  cuts  out,  re-seaming 
the  sheeting  and  then  rewinds 
and  tends  it  to  the  coating 
ovens. 

Tends  o  machine  in  which  a 
sheeting  of  one  type  of  plattks 
is  run  through  a  bath  solution  of 
another  in  the  production  of 
laminated  sheets.  Squeeze  rolls 
of  the  machine  press  out  the 
excess  solution. 

Tends  an  oven  which  bakes 
aminated  plastics  tubing  prior 
to  the  curing  process. 


90c-$l.25 


75c-$l 


Fabricated  Plastics  Products 


Bench   Assembler 
(Assembler  —  Male 
or  Female) 


Cellophane    Bag    Ma- 
chine   Operator 
(Mole) 

Chopper 

(Die  Cutter  —  Mole 
or  Female) 


Compressor  Operator 
(Caster.     Hydraulic 
Press  Operator — 
Male  or  Female) 


Design  Inserter 
(Male) 


Draw  Man 

(Mate  or  Female) 


Fmbher 

(Burrer  —  Mole  or 
Female 

Fin  Remover 

(Male  or  Female) 


Gate  Cutter 

(Male  or  Female) 


Gluer 

(Male  or  Female 


Lacquerer 

(Sprayer— Male) 


Plate  Worker 

(Press    Operator}— 
Male  or  Female 


Polisher 

(Male  or  Female) 


Uses  pliers,  screw  drivers  and 
other  hand  tools  to  assemble 
miscellaneous  small  plastics 
items. 

Sets  up  and  operates  a  bat* 
tery  of  machines  that  cut,  fold 
and  glue  cellophane  bags. 

Uses  a  mallet  and  die  to 
punch  out  parts  for  plastics 
novelties  from  sheets  of  plas- 
tics. 

Operates  a  hydraulic  press 
to  stemp  out  small  plastk  parts 
or  Items.  May  also  Inspect  items 
after  they  have  been  made. 


Inserts  metal,  glass  or  other 
designed  items  in  plastics  ar- 
ticles by  heating  the  article  to 
softness  in  a  gas  furnace  and 
then  inserting  the  item  and 
allowing  it  to  cool  to  a  firm  fit. 

Operates  a  punch  press  type 
of  machine  in  which  a  shaped 
plunger  descends  upon  plastics 
sheeting,  usually  thermoplastic, 
which  have  been  preheated  to 
permit  deep  drawing,  and 
forces  it  into  the  die  in  such  a 
way  that  it  forms  tightly  around 
the  plunger.  The  material  cools 
and  hardens  on  the  plunger  and 
is  removed  when  the  operation 
ii  completed. 

Files  rough  edges  off  plastics 
parts  with  a  hand  file. 


Operates  a  finishing  machine 
which  removes  the  fin  from  a 
molded  part.  May  also  put  a 
bevel  on  the  article. 

Tends  an  automatic  gate 
cutting  machine  equipped  with 
circular  saws  and  a  moving 
table  which  carries  away  the 
sprue. 

Bends  or  folds  and  glues 
sheets  of  plastics  materials  to 
form  various  novelty  items, 
such  as  powder  puff  boxes, 
tooth  brush  containers,  etc. 

Sprays  plastics  articles  with 
paint  or  lacquer,  using  a  spray 
gun. 

Operates  a  large  hydraulic 
press  that  presses  plastics  ma- 
terials Into  various  shapes  by 
applying  great  heat  and  pres- 
sure. 

Operate*  o  buffing  machine 
which  smooths  and  poJMies 
sheet,  tube  or  rod  plastics. 


C 
to 

E 


75c-J1 


65-90c 


55c-$l 

depending 

on  skill 


80c-$1.15 
50-75c 

75-90e 
75c-$1 

65-95c 


124 


PLASTiCS 


50-75c 


50-75c 


50-75c 


6  50-75c 


E  65-85c 


D  65-90c 


E  65-90c 


APRIL  1945 


Train- 

Mi 

Outlet 

mg 

Wag. 

T,m. 

••to* 

Polt**r  Hand 
(Mol.  or  r*mol*| 

PoliWi*.  il»ot,  tub.,  rod  or 
olttor  typ.t  of  plottki  by  Hand. 

E 

50-7Sc 

Lormd.r 
(Mol.) 

OporaUt   o   mochin*   whkh 
grindt  icrop  plailki  motorlolt 
to  powd*r. 

E 

65.«5c 

Squ..I*  Biv.l.r 

(Sq«**»  Gun  Op- 
•rotor i  Dimpl.r — 
Mol*  or  PMnale) 

Tub.  MaV.r 
(Mol*  or  F.mol.) 


T«i,M«r-Mon 

(Mol*  or  F*mal*) 


lo|  Mold.r 
(Mol.) 


Cold  Mold-, 
|M«4o| 


Molding 
MacMrw    Opwotor 

IMol.) 


IMol.) 


Extrusion  Presi 

Operator  (Mole  or 


Flash  Remover 
(Male  or  Female) 


Hammerman 
(Mole) 


ntectwn  Molder 
(Mole) 


Us*s  a  pneumatic  gun  to  form 
dimples  In  plastics  materials 
Into  which  rivets  ore  later 
countersunk. 

Makes  cellophane  bags  by 
wrapping  sheet*  of  cellophane 
around  a  form  and  seollng  the 
ends  by  pre.iing  with  a  heated 


Operates  o  revolving,  barrel 
type  washer  which  smoothly 
polishes  small  plastks  molded 


Molding 


Operates  a  machine  which 
moldi  sheet  plaitk.  to  deiired 
shape  by  applying  great  prr\- 
wre  between  a  female  die  and 
a  rubber  bag  generally  Ailed 
with  air  or  fteam.  Thi»  technique 
Is  widely  used  In  the  aircraft 
industry  and  hot  alto  been 
applied  In  the  furniture  field. 

Operate!  a  machine  with 
fluff*  filler  to  desired  density. 

Produce*  ball  like  iKapet  by 
placing  two  sheets  of  plastks 
materials  on  top  of  one  another 
in  o  mold,  fusing  them  at  the 
edges  and  then  introducing  a 
stream  of  air  between  the 
sheets  through  an  opening  In 
the  mold. 

Operates  a  power  punch 
press,  a  toggle  press  or  a  quick 
acting  hydraulic  press  In  which 
a  mold  has  be«n  set  to  mold 
plaitk i  parts  using  bitumen, 
cement  or  resin  btndefs.  Filli 
the  open  mold,  either  volume  t- 
rically  or  by  ore-weighing  the 
charge  and  closes  the  molds. 

Operates  a  machine  which 
moldi  plastics  parts  and  items 
by  the  comprenion  method. 
Placet  supply  of  plastics  mate- 
rial in  hopper  and  starts  ma- 
chine, regulating  heat  and 
pressure  of  the  machine,  and 
removes  finished  article.  May 
atio  clean  dies,  moke  minor  re- 
pairs and  adjustments,  and 
help  set-up  the  machine. 

Makes  plans  for  moldi  to 
produce  plastics  articles  as  re- 
quired by  manufacturer.  May 
advise  at  to  type  of  plattici 
material  to  be  US*d  TOT  the 
product  and  the  metal  of  which 
the  mold  is  to  be  constructed. 

Operatei  a  machine  which 
forcei  plastics  material  through 
a  die  to  form  rods  and  other 
plastics  items.  May  cvt  the  rods 
or  Hems  as  they  ore  extruded 
from  the  die. 

Uses  a  Ale  or  carving  tpindle 
to  remove  by  hand  the  flash 
and  sprue  caused  during  com- 
pression molding. 

Us*s  on  air  hammer  to  blast 
a  molded  part  out  of  the 
chase  or  oft  the  plunger  in 
comprewion  molding  without 
causing  disfiguring  scars  on 
the  port. 

Operates  an  infection  mold- 

ing  machine.  Fills  hopper  with 
pi  a  it  ic  i  materials  which  ore 
then  liquified,  regulates  flow  of 
water  through  mold  to  cool  It, 
and  then  starts  machine  to  in- 
ject the  liquified  plastics 
the  cooled  mold.  This  t 
the  plastks  and  forms  the  do- 
sired  article  which  It  then 
ejected  from  the  machine. 

(Further  job  classifications  are  on  pa^e  126) 


oO-85c 


65-85c 


o5-85c 


$.41.25 


65-SSc 
85c-$l.lO 


75c-$l 


85c-S1.20 


SI. SO  up 


75e-$l 


65-85c 


•5c-$UO 


75c-$l 


When  you  get  an  A-PE-CO  Photo - 
Copyer,  you  ve  added   versatile,  accu- 
rate and  efficient  help  to  every  depart- 
ment of  your  business.  A-PE-CO  copies 
direct  from  anything  written,  typed, 
printed,  drawn  or  photographed— even 
if  on  both  sides.    A-PE-CO  is  simple 
to  operate  —  no  darkroom,  camera, 
or  film  needed. 


Thousands  of  A-PE-CO  u*er*  are  saving 
time,  labor,  and  money  because  they  wrote 
for  the  A-PE-CO  folder.  Write  for  your 
copy  todmy. 


AMERICAN  PHOTOCOPY 
EQUIPMENT  COMPANY 

284?   North   Clark   Str.«l 

D.pl.  PA-4S  Chicago  14,  III. 

R*pr*t*ntotlv*fl  In  principal 

CitiM  and   Canada 


EARLY     SALES, 
GOOD   PROFITS 


R.E.C.  technicians  welcome  plastics  prob- 
lems. This  high-speed  machine  typifies  the 
equipment  ready  at  R.E.C.  to  expedite  output 
of  plastics  products  —  assisted^  by  plastics 
experts  —  at  your  service. 

ADDRESS:    1258     HIGHLAND     STREET 


HOLLISTON,  MASS. 


APRIL  1943 


PLASTICS 


125 


Advertiser 

Accurate  Molding  Corporation.. 

Airtronics  Manufacturing  Co.   ... 

Allmetal  Screw  Products  Co 

American    Flange   &    Manufac- 
turing Co.   Inc 

American    Molding    Powder   & 
Chemical   Corp 

American    Phenolic   Corporation. 

American    Photocopy    Equip- 
ment   Company 


Amos  Molded   Plastics 

Arrow    Plastics    Company 

Art  Plastic   Company 

Auburn    Burton    Works    Incor- 
porated      

Bamberger,    A 

Battalen,  L.  H 

Becker  Bros.  Engraving  Co.  . . . 
Boonton  Molding  Company... 
Brilhart,  Arnold,  Ltd 

Catalin   Corporation 


Cello-Plastic  Chemical  Co 

Chemical  Division,  The  8.  F. 

Goodrich  Company  

Chicago  Molded  Products 

Corporation  

Ciba  Products  Corporation  .... 
Columbia  Protektosite  Co.,  Inc. 
Continental  Can  Company,  Inc. 

Continental   Machines,   Inc 

Continental  Plastics  Corp 

Continental    Screw    Co 


Advertising  Agency 
.  Rothschild   Advertising   Agency 92 

West-Marquis,     Inc l» 

.Firestone   Advertising   Service,   Inc Ill 

.  Freiwald  A  Coleman  Advertising 14 

Vanguard    Advertising    120 

.Evans   Associates,   Inc 81 

.Klau-Van    Pietersom-Dunlap   Asso- 
ciates,   Inc 125 

Sidener   and   Van   Riper,    Inc 20 

.The    Powerad    Co Ill 

Industrial   Conversions,   Inc 87 

.Charles  L.   Rumrill  &  Company 101 

Vanguard  Advertising  123 

122 

Schacter,  Fein  4  Lent 127 

.A.  J.  Slomanson  Associates,  Inc 9 

.Henri  Le  Mothe  Agency Back  Cover 

.Walter  J.   Gallagher, 

Advertising   2nd  Cover 

.H.   M.   Dittman,  Advertising ?t 

.The    Griswold-Eshleman    Co...  .     7 


Design  Service   Co 
Despatch  Oven  Company 
Diana  Clock  Works 
Dillon,  W.  C.,  4  Co.,  Inc 
Douglas  Machinery  Co.,  Inc 
Dow  Chemical  Company,  The.. 

Eagle    Signal    Corporation 
Ekstrom,  Carlson  &  Co 

Emeloid  Co.,  Inc.,  The 


.Thomas  D.   Pentz  Co. 

.  Harold  C.  Walker,  Advertising 

.James  A.  Greig  &  Associates.   Inc. 


Federal  Telephone  and   Radio 

Corporation    Marschalk  1  Pratt  Co 

Felsenthal,  G.,  4  Sons Lieber  Advertising  Co. 

Gemloid  Corp.,  The   

General    Industries   Company,   The  Fuller  1  Smith  &  Ross  Inc 

Gering    Products   Inc M.   C.   Diedrich 

Girdler  Corporation,  The Roche,  Williams  &  Cleary,  Inc.. 

Grigoleit   Company,    The    


Karlstad,   Andrew   C 

Kearney    4    Trecker    Products 
Corporation 


.Almon   Brooks  Wilder,   Inc 89 

.  Cory   Snow,    Inc 107 

.  United  Advertising  Agency 38 

Batten,    Barton,    Durstine    4    Osborn, 
Incorporated     33 

Weston-Barnett,   Inc i» 

.Jim   Duffy  Company,   Advertising    113 

.Rossi    &    Hirshson. *7 

45 

....115 
....121 


Rea,    Fuller   S   Company 102 

MacManus,   John   4    Adams,    Inc 47 

Bawden    Bros.,    Inc Ill 

.Cummings.     Brand    &    McPherson, 

Advertising    

.United  Advertising  Agency 


124 

4? 

.  2» 
«3 

lit 
...   II 

.101 

§ 

...124 


Hercules    Powder    Company, 

Incorporated     Fuller    4    Smith    S    Ross   Inc 13 

House  of  Plastics Charles   Oswald    15 

Hydraulic   Press  Mfg.  Co.,  The     ..The   Jay   H.    Maish   Company 3 

Industrial    Conversions 

Incorporated    Industrial   Conversions   Inc 73 

Industrial    Equipment    Company 122 

Invincible   Tool    Co 104 


122 


.Klau-Van    Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 


Advertiser 

Kingsley  Gold   Stamping   Machine 

Co 

Kirk,  F.  J.  Molding  Company.... 
Krieger  Color  4  Chemical  Co.  . 
Kuhn  I  Jacob  Molding  &  Tool  Co. 

Kurz-Kasch,    Inc 

Kux    Machine    Company 

Lansky  Diecutting  Co 

Mack  Molding  Company,  Inc 

Magnetic  Plastics  Co.,  The 

Marblette   Corporation    

Martindell   Molding  Co 

Metaplast    Company 

Midland   Die  and    Engraving   Com 

pany     

Molded  Products  Company   

Mosinee   Paper   Mills  Company... 

McAleer  Manufacturing  Co 

National   Organ   Supply  Co 

National    Plastic    Products 

Company    

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The 

North  American  Electric  Lamp  Co 
Northern   Industrial  Chemical 
Company    

Owens-Corning   Fiberglas 
Corporation     


Advertising  Agency 


Page 


Cory   Snow,    Inc 

Warren    P.    Fehlman  Adv.   Co 

Eldridge-Northrop,    Inc 

Kircher,  Lytle,  Helton  4  Collett  .... 
Kuttner  &   Kuttner,   Advertising 


...113 
...117 
•...114 
.  ..  ?4 
...  17 
...100 


Aldridge   4    Preston,   Advertising lit 

George   Homer   Martin   .... 


12 

Gregory   Advertising,    Inc 117 

James   Perlowin,   Tech.,    Illus.. 51 

Eldridge-Northrop,    Inc 90 

Sam   J.    Gal  lay.    Advertising 91 

Behel  and  Waldie  and   Briggs 114 

Cruttenden   &   Eger,  Advertising 27 

Klau-Van   Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 

Inc 71 

L.  Charles  Lussier,  Inc 105 

National  Service   115 

The  Joseph  A.  Wilner  Company 104 

Charles    Daniel    Frey,    Advertising 

Agency    54 

.Clifford   F.   Broeder  118 

Callaway  Associates,  The   123 


Fuller  4  Smith  S  Ross  Inc. 


10 


Meldrum  It   Fewsmith  Advertisi 
Jack   Strausberg    .    ..... 

James  A.   Greig   &   Associates, 


ng    . 
Inc.. 


Pennsylvania  Coal   Products 

Company  

Plaskon  Division,  Libbey-Owens- 

Ford  Glass  Company  

Plastic  Finishing  Corporation 

Plastic  Platers  

R  E  C  Manufacturing  Corp 

Radio  Receptor  Company,  Inc.  ... 
Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I.,  Inc. 

Rohm  &   Haas  Company 

Rothco   Products    

Sav-Way    Industries    

Siegel,  M.   B.,  Associates 

Stokes,    F.    J.,    Machine    Co 

Strieker   Brunhuber  Co 

T  Die  Cast  and   Molded   Products 

Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation         Fashion  Advertising  Co.,  Inc 

Tlnnerman    Products,    Inc The  White  Advertising  Company. 

Tri-State  Plastic  Molding  Company  Jack   Strausberg    

United    Screw    and    Bolt 

Fred   W.    Mellis  Advertising 

Christy    Humburg    


Cory  Snow,   Inc 

Shappe-Wilkes   Inc 

Richard  Thorndike    

Newell-Emmett    Company    

.  Rothschild   Advertising   Agency 

Florei,    Phillips   4    Clark,    Inc 

McLain    Organization,    Incorporated 
. Aldridge-Preston   Advertising    


Corporation 

Universal   Filter   Co 

Universal   Hydraulic   Machinery 

Company      

Utah  Plastic  &  Die-Cast  Co.   ... 


.Gunn-Mears  Advertising  Agency 


55 

119 
109 

.125 
128 
.  18 

.  43 
108 

43 
122 
.  41 
.110 

.120 
25 
5 

no 

53 
.118 

122 
120 


Victory    Plastics    Company    James  Thomas  Chirurg  Company.... 

Water  bury  Companies,  Inc Manternach,    Inc 121 

Western  Shade  Cloth  Company, 

The    Hardy    Advertising    IS 

Worcester  Moulded   Plastics 

Company    C.  Jerry  Spaulding, 

Incorporated    3rd   Cover 

Wrigley,   Jr.,   William,   Company     Ruthrauff  S    Ryan,    Inc W 

Ziv  Steel  ».  Wire  Co 108 


Train- 

Title 

Duties                                ing                 Wage                                       Title 
Tim*               Rates 

Duties                              ing 
Time 

Wag* 
Rotes 

Jet  Molder 
(Mole) 

Operates    a  machine  similar                C                   85c-$1.20                  Ovenman 
to  an  injection  molding  machine,                                                                                 (Male) 
except  that  it  hai  to  been  con- 
structed at  to  permit  continuous 
molding  of  thermosetting  plastics. 

In  the  cold  molding  process,                C 
takes    pieces   after   they   have 
been    ejected    from    the    mold 
and    places   them    in    an    oven 
where     they     are     baked     at 
temperatures      ranging      from 

80c-$l 

Mold  Setter 
(Male) 

Sets  up  molds  in  injection  and                 A                  90c-$  1  .20 
compression  molding  machines, 
bolting  and  clamping  in  place. 
Makes  adjustments  as  they  may 
be  required  from  time  to  time 

TOO-400°F     for      10-40     hr., 
depending    on    the    compound 
used,    size    and    shape    of   the 
pieces    and    the    purpose    for 
which  they  will  be  used. 

and  removes  dies. 

65-90C 

Molder  Helper 
(Male) 


Mold  Maker 
(Male) 


Helps  molder  by  placing  in- 
serts such  as  pins,  screws,  nuts, 
etc.,  into  newly-molded  plastics 
ports. 

Constructs,  repairs  and  main- 
tains metal  molds  for  all  types 
of  molding  processes,  using 
various  machine  tools. 


126 


Single  Stroke  Preforrr 
75-90c  (Male  or  Female) 


$1.25-$1.83  Rotary  Preformer 

(Male  or  Female) 


i'LASTMCS 


employs  one  set  of  punches  and 
dies  and  makes  short  runs  of 
preforms,  usually  of  odd  shapes 
and  sizes. 

Operates  a  rotary  machine 
which  preforms  at  a  high  rate 
of  speed  by  means  of  multiple 
punches  and  diet. 


65-90c 


APRIL  1945 


...  FOR  YOUR  PLASTICS  PROBLEMS 

We  label  it  a  three  dimensional  solution  because 
die  design,  die  making  and  moulding  techniques 
form  the  backbone  of  every  successful  injection 
moulded  plastic  job.  These  three  attributes  are 
our  long  suits.  They  have  made  possible  the  eco- 
nomical production  of  scores  of  volume  items,  each 
piece  varying  in  quality  and  in  strict  conformity 


to  specifications.  To  these  add  a  full  knowledge 
of  mbterials  and  their  properties,  those  for  instance 
that  offer  corrosion  and  abrasion  resistance,  dielec- 
trical  strength,  proof  against  shock  or  moisture, 
and  those  that  permit  extremely  close  tolerances. 
When  you  submit  your  problem  to  the  Trio,  you 
follow  in  the  footsteps  of  scores  of  industries  whose 
first  inquiry  about  plastics  came  to  us. 


For  Custom  Injection 
Moulding  ...  try  the  Trio 


8    GRAFTON    STREET 

17   EAST  42nd  ST.,   NEW   YORK    17,  N. 


WORCESTER      8,     MASSACHUSETTS 
EXPORT  OFFICE:  90  BROAD  ST.,  NEW  YORK  4.  N.  Y. 


t 


MAY 
1945 


...Ever  the  Gem— 

CATALIN 

Catalin  is  power  over  color.  At  any 
of  the  innumerable  points  across 
the  spread  of  its  broad  spectrum, 
Catalin  cast  resins  can  pause  .  .  . 
and  there  vividly  and  dramatically 
reproduce  the  variations,  hues  and 
rich  sparkle  which  emenate  from 
nature's  semi-precious  stones.  It  is 
this  that  sets  Catalin  apart  from 
and  above  all  other  plastic  ma- 
terials; qualifies  it  for  example, to 
portray  to  pattern  the  luxury  of 
marble,  quartz,  onyx,  and  to  re- 
enact  the  depth  and  reflections  of 
jet,  jade,  ivory  and  garnet. 

For  products  that,  in  appearing  at 
their  finest,  must  also  observe  im- 
portant manufacturing  economy, 
the  use  of  Catalin  stands  ...  as  ever 
.  .  .  the  gem! 

CATALIN  CORPORATION 

ONE  PARK  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 


THE  SELF-LUBRICATING 


HYDRAULIC  PRESSURE  MEDIUM 


i 


During  the  last  few  years,  there  has  been  a  gradual  revolution  in 
the  operation  of  hydraulic  plastics  molding  presses.  This  has  been 
due  to  the  development  of  variable  delivery  pumps  which  use  oil 
instead  of  water  as  a  hydraulic  pressure  medium. 

The  advantages  of  oil  are  legion.  Its  self-lubricating  qualities 
permit  the  use  of  smooth-bored  steel  cylinders.  Rams  are  permanently  packed  with  metal  piston 
rings.  Close  tolerances  can  be  maintained  in  both  press  and  pump,  guaranteeing  high  hydraulic 
efficiency  and  maintenance  free  service.  Since  oil-hydraulic  pumps  are  of  compact  design,  each 
molding  press  is  a  self-contained  unit,  with  individual  electric  motor  drive.  The  only  connections 
required  to  put  press  in  operation  are  electric  power  and  cooling  water. 
The  Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Company  is  a  pioneer  builder  of  self-contained 
oil-hydraulic  molding  presses.  Each  press  is  powered  by  one  or  more  H-P-M 
radial  pumps.  If  you  are  considering  the  installation  of  plastics  molding 
machines,  investigate  the  outstanding  features  of  H-P-M  "All-Hydraulic" 
presses.  Write  today  for  H-P-M  Bulletin  4411. 

THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO.,  Mount  Gilead,  Ohio,  U.S. A. 

BRANCH    OFFICES  -  NEW   YORK,    PHILADEl  PH I  A,    CLEVELAND,    DETROIT    AND    CHICAGO 
REPRESENTATIVES    IN    PRINCIPAL    CITIES 


PLASTICS 
MOLDING    MACHINES 

In  lection    -    Compression    -    Electronic 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


WILLIAM  B.  ZIFF 

Publisher 

B.  G.   DAVIS 
General  Manager 

C.  B.    TIGHE 
Assistant  to  Publisher 

EDITORIAL 
MICHAEL   H.   FROELICH 

Editor 
WILLIAM  SCHACK 

East  Coast  Editor 

DAVID  GOODMAN 

Associate  Editor 

M.  CHURCH 

Associate  Editor 

LILA  SHAFFER 

Associate  Editor 

SANFORD  LEVINE 

Editorial  Assistant 

GAITHER  LITTRELI. 

W est  Coast  Editor 

FRED  HAMLIN 

Washington  Editor 

HARRY    KcCORMACK 

Technical  Editor 

FRANK  ROSS 

Staff  Photographer 

KENNETH  R.   PORTER 

London  Correspondent 

ADVERTISING 

GEORGE  BERNER 

Advertising  Director 

JAMES    CERBONE 
Eastern  Advertising  Manager 

ROY  E.  UNDER 
Midwest  Advertising  Manager 

WILLIAM  L,  PINNEY 
Western  Advertising  Manager 


HERMAN  R.  BOLLIN 

Art  Director 

H.  G.  STRONG 

Circulation  Director 

H.  I.  MORGANROTH 

Production  Director 

BRANCH    OFFICES 

NEW  YORK  (I) 

Empire  State  Blag.,  Wl  7-0400 

LOS  ANGELES  (14) 
SIS  S.  Hill  St.,  TV  cker  9213 

WASHINGTON  (4) 
International  Bldg.,  EXEcutive  6900 

LONDON 
Grand  Bldg.,  Trafalgar  Square 

TORONTO— 21 
King  Street,  East 


Portrayed  on  the  cover 
this  month  is  the  appli- 
cation oi  a  multi-color 
finish  for  testing  in  the 
textile  printing  labora- 
tories of  Roxalin  Flexi- 
ble Finishes,  Inc.  Photo 
by  Frank  Ross,  PLAS- 
TICS staff  photographer 


CM  O      N      r      i       NTS 


FEATURES 

When  to  Plate? 27 

Design  for  New  Markets ! Edgar  Bartolucci  and  J.  J.  Waldheim  30 

Hit-and-Run  Bullets William  Schack  and  Maurice  Roddy  34 

Service  for  the  Asking E.  K.  Madan  44 

Better  Home  Television 48 

Your  Choice  of  Colors  in  Self-Sealing  Screens Sanford  Levine  50 

Protect  and  Attract  with  Coated  Papers J.  B.  Cleaveland  52 

On  Your  Feet ! William  Rossi  55 

Plasticizers  for  the  Cellulosics Leonard  F.  Pinto  58 

How  to  Bond  Plastics Mel  Meyers  64 

Vinyl  Makes  Precision  Negatives.  . .  .Ben  Rudnick  and  H.  F.  Inskip  74 

Enhancing  Injection  Molding  Efficiency C.  F.  Gatehouse  78 

Understanding  Plastics  Chemistry Dr.  George  H.  Brother  84 

Things  to  Think  About D.  A.  Dearie  92 

DEPARTMENTS 

Plastics  in  Perspective 22  Industry  Highlights   129 

On  the  Drafting  Board 91  People  131 

Plastics  at  Woric 100  Association  Activities  133 

Capital  Report  116  Engineering  News  Letter 135 

What's  New  in  Plastics? 121  Plastics  Overseas  137 

Literature  Review  .  .  125  Problems  in  Plastics 139 


COPYRIGHT  1945 

ZIFF-DAVIS   PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Editorial  Offices.   IS5  North  Wabash   Ave..  Chicago  I,  III. 

PLA8TIC8  1«  published  monthly  by  Zlff-Darts  Publishing  Company.   185  North  Wabash  Are..  Chicago  1.  ffl. 
SUBSCRIPTION  RATES:  In  C.  8..  Mexico.  South  and  Central  America,  and  U.  8.  Possessions.  12  Issues  $5.01 
24  Issues.  18.00;  In  Canada,  12  Issues.  $5.50:  24  Issues.  $9.00:  In  British  Empire.  12  Issue*.  $6.00.     All  other 
foreiitn  countries.   12  Issues.  $8.00.     Subscribers  should  allow  two  weeks  for  chance  of  address.     Address  an 
subscription  letters  to  the  Director  of  Circulation.  PLASTICS.  185  North  Wabash  Ave..  Chicago  1.  TJ1.    Entere 
at  Chicago.   Illinois,   post  office  under  Regulation  573:  acceptance  under  act  of  June  5.   1934.  authorized  Mav 
12.  1944.    Contributors  should  retain  copy  of  contributions.    All  submitted  material  must  contain  return  postaae. 
Contributions  will  be  handled  with  reasonable  care,  but  this  magazine  assumes  no  responsibility  for  their  safrty. 
Accepted  material  Is  subject  to  adaptations  and  revisions  to  meet  editorial  requirements.     Payment  covers  all 
authors',  contributors'  and  contestants'  rights,  title  and  Interest  In  and  to  the  material  accepted  and  will 
made  at  our  current  rates  upon  acceptance.    All  photos  and  drawlnw  are  considered  part  of  material  pnrchaseo. 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


CO-RO-LITE  products  and  the  pre-forms  from  which 
they  were  molded.  CO-RO-LITE  is  also  supplied  in 
sheets  of  standard  sizes. 

Write  for  a  copy  of  the  booklet  "Columbian  CO-RO- 
LITE  Rope  Fibre  Plastics",  it  contains  engineering  data, 
illustrations,  and  descriptive  information  on  molding 
this  strong,  tough  plastic. 


rrocen  palrntfd;  trnd'marl: 
fffiilfretl    in    V.  S.   I'ut.   Off. 


CO-RO-LITE  is  a  ready-to-mold,  high- 
impact,  industrial  plastic  compound,  re- 
enforced  with  long,  tough,  interwoven  rope 
fibres.  Effective  interweaving  is  accom- 
plished by  a  patented  needling  operation 
which  drives  tufts  of  fibres  through  the 
mass,  forming  a  uniform  bulk.  The  fibre 
bulk  of  these  bats  can  be  controlled  thereby 
varying  the  character  and  density  of  the 
finished  plastic.  This  bat  is  impregnated 
with  a  thermo-setting  powdered  resin,  and 
sintered  to  facilitate  handling. 

Die,  transfer,  flash,  and  fluid  pressure 
molding  are  practicable  with  CO-RO-LITE, 
and  required  results  arc  obtained  with  pres- 
sure varying  from  80  psi  in  fluid  pressure 
molding,  to  3000  psi  in  die  molding.  Molding 
temperatures  for  both  high  and  low  densities 
range  from  270  to  350  deg.  F. 

CO-RO-LITE  offers  many  distinct  phys- 
ical advantages  for  tough-service  applica- 
tions in  the  field  of  industrial  plastics. 
CO-RO-LITE  products  are  hard,  smooth 
and  lustrous. 


COLUMBIAN    ROPE    COMPANY 

400-10  Genesee  St.,  Auburn,  "Jhe  Cordage  Ci'/y,"  N.  Y. 

Canadian    License*,    Canadian    Bridge    Engineering    Company,    lid. 
Bon   157,  Walkerville,  Ontario,  Canada 


MAY  1945 


FLASTiCS 


To  Conserve  Critical  Materials 
this  paper  prescription  was  created: 

•  IB  •  •• 


MOSINEE,  as  a  war  material,  has  solved  many  manufacturers'  critical  supply 
problems.  "Discoveries"  in  paper  and  processing,  important  also  to  postwar 
production,  have  resulted  from  cooperation  between  manufacturers,  product 
engineers,  and  paper  technicians  of  The  Mills  of  Mosinee. 

The  MOSINEE  presciption  outlined  above  is  a  typical  development,  resulting 
in  paper  that  is  serving  the  war  effort  with  complete  satisfaction.  Discussions 
with  Mosinee  engineers  may  disclose  valuable  opportunities  for  you  in  modern 
"Essential  Papers"  with  specified  high  bursting  strength .  .  .  dielectric,  tear 
or  tensile  strength  .  .  .  pliability,  controlled  acidity  or  alkalinity  .  .  .  water 
repellency,  accurate  caliper,  uniform  density  or  other  technical  character- 
istics required  by  your  product.  Mosinee  experience  and  facilities  are  avail- 
able now,  for  present  or  postwar  planning. 


Please  address 

your  letter 
Attention  Deft.  E" 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Tubular  extrusions 
from  Geon 


. . .  Show  versatility  of  new  polyvinyl  materials 


THOSE  tubular  sections  represent  a  score  or  more  of 
applications  for  GEON  polyvinyl  materials.  There's 
"spaghetti",  10/10OO*  inside  diameter,  for  slipping  on 
radio  and  switchboard  wire.  It's  brightly  colored  for 
quick  identification.  There's  tasteless,  non-toxic  beverage 
tubing  for  bringing  beer  from  the  basement  to  the  bar. 
There's  hose  that  resists  the  action  of  acids  under  high 
pressure.  And  many,  many  others.  Some  are  flexible — 
others  rigid.  Some  are  black— others  brilliantly  colored. 
All  were  processed  on  standard  machinery. 

The  same  variety  may  be  found  in  cast  or  calendered 
unsupported  sheet  or  film  of  GEON.  Or  in  pressure  or 


MAY  19ir, 


injection  molded  goods.  Or  in  coatings  for  fabric  or 
paper.  The  same  properties— and  many  more— may  also 
be  found  in  these  other  forms  in  an  almost  limitless 
variety  of  combinations.  What  properties  do  you  need  in 
your  product?  Resistance  to  oils,  chemicals,  food,  sun- 
light, air,  wear,  aging,  flame,  heat,  cold?  Do  you  need  a 
flexible  or  rigid  material?  Should  it  be  colored,  clear  or 
opaque?  GEON  offers  these  and  many  other  important 
properties  in  combinations  that  can  be  planned  to  meet 
your  specific  requirements. 

Urgently  needed  for  military  uses,  all  the  GEONS  are 
subject  to  allocation  by  the  War  Production  Board.  Lim- 
ited quantities  are  available  for  experiment,  and  our  devel- 
opment staff  and  laboratory  facilities  will  help  you  work 
out  special  problems  or  applications.  For  more  complete 
information  write  Department  UU-5,  Chemical  Division, 
The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company,  324  Rose  Building. 
Cleveland  1  5,  Ohio. 

CHEMICAL  DIVISION 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Company 

334    ROSI    BUILDING      •      ClIVILANO   IS,  OHIO 

PLASTICS 


\ 


v-1, 


Up-to-date 
ANSWERS 

TO  YOUR 

Plastic  Problems 


The  whirlwind  progress  in  plastics  poses  some 
problems  for  the  user,  or  the  prospective  user. 
Materials  and  processes  for  telephone  parts  differ 
vastly  from  those  used  on  bicycles  .  .  .  and  a 
handle  for  an  iron  calls  for  different  characteristics 
than  demanded  by  a  water  flask  for  a  soldier. 

This  is  where  experience  counts,  and  the  right 
equipment  to  turn  out  the  parts  accurately 
and  economically.  At  General  Industries,  we  have 
both.  And  we  keep  up  to  date  in  our  engineering 
and  with  our  machinery. 

That's  why  it  might  be  wise  for  you  to  consult 
with  General  Industries  if  you  have  a  problem 
in  plastics.  We  don't  pretend  to  know  all  there  is 
to  know  about  plastics;  but  we  believe  we  have,  in 
our  group  of  men,  enough  combined  experience 
and  initiative  to  meet  any  molding  problem  that 
can  be  met — and  some  that  other  folks  feel  might 
be  impossible. 

Our  capacity  for  service  is  extensive.  We  are 
one  of  the  really  LARGE  CAPACITY  HOLDERS 
in  the  country.  That  means  we  can  handle 


large  moldings  as  well  as  smaller  ones.  We  do 
compression,  transfer  and  injection  molding,  in  all 
plastic  materials  moldable  by  these  processes. 

We  prefer  to  make  our  own  molds  and  assume 
complete  responsibility  for  the  quality  of  the 
work,  as  well  as  for  its  prompt  delivery. 

We'll  be  glad  to  discuss  the  use  of  molded 
plastics  for  your  products  or  parts.  There's  a 
wealth  of  experience  here  that  you  can  call  on, 
and  get  prompt  and  reliable  answers.  No  obliga- 
tion, of  course. 


THE 


MOLDED  H  PLASTICS 

Mo/dec/  Plastics  Division      •      Elyria,  Ohio 


Chicago:  Phone  Central  8431 
Detroit:  Phone  Madison  2146 


Milwaukee:  Phone  Daly  (818 

Philadelphia:  Phone  Camden  2215 


PLASTICS 


^ 


Close-up  view  of  catitics 
in  the  solid   mold  block. 


This  14-cavity  plastic  mold  is  a  "sticker"  if  you  try  to 
produce  it  by  ordinary  methods  —  but  read  this  report 
of  its  production  with  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head 
Milling  Machine! 

The  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  method  made  it  possible 
to  set  up  both  halves  of  this  shower  curtain  hook  mold 
on  the  machine  table.  One  cavity  of  each  shape  was 
then  laid  out  by  means  of  a  scriber  held  in  the  machine 


Plastic  shower-curtain  books  in  mul- 
tiple, as  they  rome  from  the  mold. 

1000  P 


spindle.  Each  milling  operation  was  first  performed  on 
the  location  of  the  layout  and  then  repeated  for  each 
additional  cavity.  Uniform  and  unvarying  precision  is 
repeated  by  this  multiple  origination  of  cavities  with 
the  Rotary  Head  Method.  Total  milling  time  complete 
—  52  hours. 

Write  for  Bulletin  1002-C  for  full  information  on  this  un- 
usual machine  tool  and  the  Rotary  Head  method  of  milting. 


BUILDER6  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGET  MILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER -AUTOMATIC  JIG  BORER 'CENTER  SCOPE. 


Kearney  &  Trecker 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee  14,  WUconwn 
Subsidiary  of  Kearney  A   Tr«ck»>   Corporation 


When  this  time  comes . . . 
well  be  ready  to  mold 
peacetime  parts  . . . 
in  two  shakes  of  a 

LAMB'S  TAIL . . 


/IA, 


'You're   selling    vacuum    cleaners  ?  !  !  ! 
— Why   didn't  you   say   so    before  ?  !  !  !" 


Unfortunately 

For  the  Plastics  Industry, 

We  are  Afraid 

That  Many  People 

Not  Now  in  Plastics 

Have  the  Idea 

That  This  Picture 

Shows  How 

Any  Plastics  Salesman 

Will  be  Greeted 

After  the  War. 

'Taint  So,  Chum! 

The  Discerning  Purchaser  .  .  . 

And  Most  will  be  Discerning, 

Will  be  Thinking, 

Back  of  his  Re-assumed 

Cold  and  Fishy  Eye, 

"How  did  This  Guy  Treat  Me 

When  he  had  Me  by  the  Short  Hair?" 

Was  he  All  Out  for  War? 

Did  he  Cooperate  until  It  hurt? 

Did  he  Brush  me  off? 

Has  he  Improved  his  Plant? 

Is  he  a  Damn  Good  Molder 

With  a  D.  G.  Organization? 

Many  Have  Been  Called 

Few  will  be  Chosen. 

We  offer  You  our  Record 

And  Our  Booklet: 

"A  Ready  Reference  For  Plastics" 

If  Requested  on  your  Letter  Head. 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS.    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS,    OF    MO'ST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     •     NEW  JERSEY     •    Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 

NEW        YORK        OFFICE 

Chan  in  Bldg  .  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N.  Y.,  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


PLASTi CS 


MAY  1945 


LIGHTWEIGHT 


COCKPI 


COOI     R 


suggestion  for  postwar 
piping  or  phonograph  parts/ 
covers  or  containers 


A 

Economy  in  large  moldings,  too,  is  a  trait  of  the  cellulosics. 
f '  \   Consider  this  cockpit  ventilator  for  Republic's  Thunderbolt, 
molded  by  Pyro  Plastics  Co.,  from  cellulose  acetate.  Seventeen  inches 
long,  12  ounces  light,  it  ignores  wide  temperature  extremes,  lubricating 
oil,  hydraulic  fluid,  impact  shocks.  Injection  molding  produces  the 
main  tube  in  45  seconds,  the  4-ounce  nozzle  in  30  seconds. 

This  suggests  a  wealth  of  other  applications  where  one-shot  injection, 
re-use  of  scrap,  ready  machining  and  assembly,  lightweight  strength 
and  durability,  and  enduring  good  looks  are  your  goal. 


lightweight,  corrosion  resistance, 
for  watt*  pipes 


Bright  color,  tronslucency,  for 
automatic  phonographs 


Colorful,  odorieu,  to*f«l*v, 
packages  and  ckxurvi 


HERCULES 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
CELLULOSE  NITRATE 
ETHYL  CELLULOSE 


Hercules  does  not  make  plastics  or  molding  powder,  but  supplies  the  high-quality  cellulose  derivatives  from  which  they  are  made.  For  data,  pleeie  write 
HERCULES       POWDER.      COMPANY  W  "Market  Street,  Wilmington  99,  Delaware. 


INCOttPOftATtO 


.MAY  1947, 


PLASTICS 


11 


0 


AIRTRONICS    MODEL  DE 

PACKS    MORE    PREHEATING    POWER 

INTO    LESS    PRODUCTION    SPACE 


The  Airtronics  Model  DE  delivers  2.5  KW  of  power,  yet  occupies  less 
space  than  many  1  KW  preheaters.  Its  greater  power  means  faster  pre- 
heating of  more  material;  its  smaller  size  means  economy  of  floor 
space  — important  in  crowded  war  plants  where  every  square  foot  must 
pull  its  production  weight. 

The  powerful  Model  DE  also  features  such  exclusive  production  ad- 
vantages as: 

•  AUTOMATIC  POWER  REGULATION 

•  AUTOMATIC  LOAD  CIRCUIT  TUNING 

—  these  automatic  controls,  working  together,  hold,  output  power 
constant  at  a  pre-set  level  regardless  of  variations  in  the  character- 
istics of  the  material  being  preheated,  and  keep  preheater  efficiency 
at  its  highest  practical  value. 

•  DUAL  LOAD  SELECTION 

—  which  provides  two  independent  sets  of  controls  that  can  be  pre- 
set to  heat  molding  material  for  two  presses  running  different  jobs. 

The  Model  DE's  extra  power  gets  tough  jobs  done... does  run-of-the-shop 
jobs  faster . . .  and  in  many  cases  actually  doubles  preheating  capacity.  Send  for 
the  new  four  page  folder  describing  its  unique  production  advantages.  Dept.  P 


Model  DE  Plus-Features 


2.5  KW  Output  Power 
Automatic  Load  Circuit  Tuning 
Automatic  Power  Regulator 
Self-Positioning  Electrodes 
Compact  — only  36"  high,  26"  wide, 
22"  deep. 

Input  Voltage  Regulator 
Mobile 


NOW  —  Faster  Preheating 

MATERIAL    (1   Ib.) 

TIME 

TEMPERATURE 

BM   120 

42  sec. 

240°  f 

BM  926 

37  sec. 

240°  f 

DUREZ  55 

49  sec. 

240°  f 

DUREZ  2491 

48  sec. 

240°  f 

TEXOIITE  1589 

42  sec. 

240°  f 

MANIIFACTUR.MO  CO. 


CHICAGO 

121  W.  Wacker  Drive 
Zon.  1 


NEW  YORK 

31-28  Queens  Blvd. 
long  Island  City,  Zone  1 


LOS  ANGELES 

5245  W    San  Fernando  Rd. 
Zone  26 


12 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Here  is  the  well-equipped 
plani  in  the  sprawling  Green 
Mountains  at  Arlington,  Ver- 
mont. A  splendid  locale  for 
futurizing  ...  in  trout  and 
maple  syrup  .  .  .  and  plastics. 


a  lot  In  common  with  plastics  I 


If  you  were  buying  masterpieces  of  art,  you  would  be  well 
advised  to  obtain  the  opinion  of  an  expen  to  make  your 
selections.  Experience  is  also  required  in  the  specification 
of  plastic  molding. 

We  make  no  claims  for  Da  Vinci  techniques,  or  the  super- 
lative craftsmanship  of  the  old  masters.  We  do  know  some- 
thing about  the  art  of  plastic  'molding — the  right  material 
for  the  job,  design  and  construction  to  meet  all  functions 
of  the  application,  consistent  high  quality,  fine  finish,  etc. 
And  for  your  post-war  developments,  MACK  MOLDING 
maintains  three  completely  equipped  plants  —  Wayne, 
New  Jersey;  Arlington,  Vermont;  Waterloo,  P.Q.,Canada. 
Address  inquiries  to  Mack  Molding  Co.  Inc.,  130  Main 
Street,  Wayne,  New  Jersey. 


MOLDED 
EXCELLENCE 


MAY  194.') 


uttt  imcis:  in  mi  cm.  cuctii.  KIIIII.  nsiii 

PLASTI CS 


iiiiiiiMiu    i  si.  nut 


13 


IS   YOUR    PRESENT   PRODUCT    OUT    OF    DATE? 


(Can  you  name  the  plastic  part* 

that  make  up  this  "high  wheeler"? 

See  chart  below.) 


Plastic  bicycle?  No,  just  an 
artist's  way  of  showing  you  some 
of  the  varied  products  and  parts 
made  by  Continental's  Plastics 
Division. 

If  we  placed  end  to  end  all  the 
plastic  items  we're  now  making, 
they'd  stretch  quite  a  distance. 
New  uses  are  being  found  for 
plastics  almost  every  day.  Con- 
tinental takes  the  lead  in  con- 
verting these  discoveries  into 
practical  application. 


With  equipment  to  produce 
by  compression,  injection,  extru- 
sion, lamination  or  sheet  form- 
ing— our  experienced  staff  can 
plan  the  right  plastic  for  your 
product — and  give  it  the  exact 
features  it  should  have. 

So  count  on  Continental  for 
the  latest  and  best  in  plastics. 
You'll  find  an  alert,  progressive 
organization  qualified  to  give 
sound,  practical  advice  and  as- 
sistance at  all  times. 


Tunt.in  "REPORT  TO  THE  NATION,"  ewr»  Saturday  over  CBS  cooll-to-cootl  network. 


CAN     COMPANY,    INC. 


HEADQUARTERS:    Cambridge,    Ohio 


Sales  Representatives  in  all 
Principal  Cities 


H 


(a)  Air  tcoop  mounting — compression;  (b)  Hairbrush  handle* — 
injection;  (e)  Segment  for  circular  file — injection;  (d)  Latch — 
injection;  (e)  Drawer  handle — injection;  (f)  Molding — extru- 
vion;  (g)  3-piece  sheave  for  variable — compression;  (h)  Ball 
retainer — compreuion. 


COMPRESSION-  INJECTION-  EXTRUSION 
SHEET   FORMING  *  LAMINATION 


Other  products  of  Continental  Can  Company:  metal 
cans  for  food  and  other  products;  fibre  and  paper 
containers;  crown  caps  and  cork  products;  machinery 
and  equipment;  special  war  cans  and  weapons. 


14 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


BRANCHES:  NEW  YORK  .  CHICAC 
DETROIT  .  CLEVELAND  •  BRIDGEPORT 


A  large  opening  at  one  portal -a  pair  of  smaller  openings 
at  the  opposite  end  ...  and  midway  between  both 
extremes,  an  intricately  designed  cavity-a  veritable 
LABYRINTH  of  mold-challenging  passageways!  In  addition  to 
this  maze  of  requirements,  the  specifications  called  for 
external  threading,  internal  threading  and  an  all-around 
adherence  to  closest  tolerances. 

And,  since  you  are  now  looking  at  the  finished,  compression- 
molded  piece,  it  goes  without  saying  that  Consolidated 
designed  and  engineered  its  way  through  this  assignment— 
successfully!  It  also  helped  to  boost  our  production 
know-how  up  a  peg!  We  will  be  very  glad  to  shore  our 
molding  experience  with  those  faced  by  similar  production 
problems.  Inquiries  invited! 

onsolidated 

MOLDED    PRODUCTS    Co+pa*a&AH 
30*  CHERRY  ST.    SCRANTON  2,  PA. 


MAY  1945 


I' I.  AST  It  S 


15 


-    . 


^mms^sssmi^ 


rnHt «-- 

^H^S^""—"-^" 


•«"«' 


,o  «ull  T««'  *"•          TAMIcnlX 


.  ir  vou  * »'  •" '- „  rtu.  oBUOAi."  •- -         WITH  YO 

^•SSsSs^ss^ — 


DESIGH  SERVICE  Co 


jxsic 
Lroi  Q-nvineefiAr 


3    WILUIAM    STREET  NEWARK    2.     N.     J. 

MARKET    2-431O 

40  EXCHANGE  PLACE  "^    NEW  YORK  5.    N.    Y. 
HANOVER  2-7765 


COMPLETE  OESIGH  SERVICE 


16 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


PEDAL  OPENS  OVEN  •  PORTABLE  MO 


NEW.     THE  1  KW  MEGATHERM 


Here  is  the  Megatherm  you  have  been  waiting 
for  ...  a  compact  dielectric  heating  unit  de- 
signed for  maximum  performance. 

Ideal  for  production  line  use  in  plastics 
processing . . .  quick,  uniform  heating  of  plastic 
preforms  permits  free  flow  conditions  in  the 
mold  .  .  .  allows  lowered  closing  pressures. 

Fitting  easily  between  molding  presses, 
the  new  Megatherm  is  only  20  inches 
wide  .  .  .  mounted  on  smooth  -  running 


casters  with  a  special  lock  down  feature. 
The  Megatherm  MD-1A  is  versatile  . . .  han- 
dles a  wide  range  of  materials  and  work  sizes 
. . .  heats  plastics,  rubber,  rubber  substitutes 
wood,  glue  and  other  dielectrics  .  . .  defrost* 
frozen  foods,  and  shows  great  possibilities  in 
the  sterilization  of  pharmaceutical  and  sim- 
ilar products. 

Write  now  on  your  company  letterhead 
for  data  on  the  NEW  1  KW  MEG  ATM  Hi  M 


Federal  Telephone  and  Radio  Corporation 


•Hq|.  IT.  S.   I'M.  <>n,. 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


Newark  1,  N.  J. 


17 


PLUS- 


M 


.AKING  fillers  is  one  job.  Assisting  in  the  scientific  selection  of  a  filler  suited  to 
each  item  EXACTLY — that's  another  job.  Rayco  does  both!  This  plus-value  of  our 
service  is  liked  by  both  molders  and  compound  manufacturers.  They  add  cotton  fillers 
for  product  improvement.  They  add  Rayco  Fillers  to  assure  MAXIMUM  improvement. 


Let  us  assist  you  in  utilizing  this  low 
cost  molding  compound  of  the  phe- 
nol-formaldehyde type.  Its  possibilities 
are  great  —  and  so  is  its  economy. 
Ample  supply  available. 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO. 


of  R.I. 
INC. 


&>tto«. 


jo* 


18 


45  Tremont  St.,  Central  Falls,  R.  I. 
PLASTICS  MAY  1945 


MOLD  AUTOMATICALLY 

A  STOKES   PRESS   FOR   EVERY   NEED 

Completely  Automatic  Molding  —  on  Stokes  Presses  —  is  the  acknowl- 
edged, moil  rcoHomical  method  for  producing  thousands  of  different 
plastics  parts. 

Automatic  Molding  saves  molding  labor  .  .  .  one  man  operates  a  bat- 
tery of  presses.  It  saves  time  and  material  .  .  .  cycles  are  greatly  re- 
duced through  split-second  liming  and  flash  losses  reduced  8%  to  10% 
or  more. 

Mold  cost  is  low  because  a  few  cavities  are  used  to  do  the  work  of 
many.  Product  changes  can  be  made  quickly  and  economically  because 
molds  can  be  made  in  a  fraction  of  the  usual  time  and  at  minimum  cost. 
Output  is  high  ...  up  to  10,000  or  more  moldings  per  week  per  cavity. 
Parts  are  produced  as  needed,  reducing  excessive  inventories.  Parts 
are  of  highest  quality  .  .  .  there  are  no  human  errors  to  contend  with. 
For  your  present  or  post-war  parts,  consider  the  advantages  of  Auto- 
matic Molding  with  Stokes  Presses.  Write  for  full  information  now. 

F.  J.   STOKES    MACHINE    CO.     6O4O  T.bor  Rd.    Phiio.  20,  PO. 


9  STOKES  15-TON  COMPLETELY  AUTOMATIC  MOLDING 
MACHINE  —  the  machine  that  established  Automatic  Mold- 
ing as  sound,  economical  practice.  Hundred*  are  in  service 
making  thousands  of  different  molded  piece*.  Complete, 
self-contained  unit,  electrically  powered  and  healed. 

^  STOKES  50-TON  HYDRAULIC  COMPLETELY  AUTOMATIC  MOLDING 
MACHINE  for  larger  piece*  and  more  piece*.  Feature*  same  patented 
control*  as  the  15-ton  press — Automatic  Cycle  Controller,  and  Super- 
Sensitive  Trap  lhat  checks  every  piece  made  and  literally  "run*  the 
press"  .  .  .  the  only  proved  and  foolproof  method  of  operating  a  Com- 
pletely Automatic  machine.  Only  2  hp.  motor  required  to  develop 
full  SO  tons  press  capacity.  High-speed  operation  with  controlled 
closing  speed. 


MOLDING  EQUIPMENT 


MAY  1945 


FLASTI CS 


19 


AND  PAUUNS 


AIRPLANE 

NGS   AND   UPHO 


plastic 
coated 
fabrics 


BABY 
CARRIAGES 


FURNITURE 
UPHOLSTERY 


SPORTS 
EQUIPMENT 


SHOWER 
CURTAINS 


BOOK 
BINDINGS 


UMBRELLAS 


These  are  but  a  few  of  the  items  for 
which  our  plastic  coated  fabrics  and 
papers  will  be  used  after  the  war. 

There  are  many  other  applications, 
of  course,  some  of  which  are  already 
familiar  to  our  research  staff — many 
more  have  not  yet  come  to  our  at- 
tention. 

Check  your  post  war  plans.  Do  plas- 
tic coated  fabrics  and  papers  show 
up  anywhere  in  the  picture? 


An  early  contact  with  a  reliable 
source  of  supply  will  give  you  the 
advantage  of  an  early  start  with 
many  of  the  experimental  hurdles 
behind  you. 

We  have  the  plant  facilities  and  the 
experience  to  help  you  build  a  "qual- 
ity line"  right  from  the  start.  Our 
craftsmen  were  among  the  first  to 
master  the  new  and  difficult  tech- 
nique of  applying  the  new  vinyl  res- 
ins to  fabrics  and  papers.  We  are  one 


of  the  largest  suppliers  of  these  fab- 
rics to  our  armed  forces. 

You  name  it — chances  are  we  can 
coat  it.  Your  inquiry  will  be  held  in 
strict  confidence  and  accorded  every 
possible  consideration. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC    FABRICS    DIVISION 

The  Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  22nd  &  Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Plailic    Fabrics    Division:     VINYL   RESIN,    PYROXYLIN    AND   OTHER    PLASTIC    COATINGS    •    PROOFED    FABRICS   AND    PAPERS    •    SIMULATED    LEATHERS 
Industrial    Fabrics     Division:     RUBBER    HOLLANDS    •    VARNISHED    SEPARATOR    CLOTH    •    BOOK    CLOTHS    •    AND    OTHER    SPECIALIZED    FABRICS 
Window    Shad*    Division:       WINDOW    SHADE   CLOTH,   ROLLERS   AND   ACCESSORIES    •    CLOTH   AND    PAPER    WINDOW    SHADES 

JOANNA    TEXTILE    MILLS.    GOLDVILLE,    SOUTH    CAROLINA 


20 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


CLOSURES 


RECENTLY,  a  ship  Hailing  from  an 
East  Coast  port  was  found  to  be 
afire  in  one  of  the  Imlil-  which  con- 
l:iiii<-«l  drums  of  oil.  Hoses  and  pumps 
were  put  to  work  pouring  hundreds  of 
i»ii~  of  water  into  the  inferno,  in  the 
hope  that  the  drums  would  not  ex- 
plode, u  liic  li  would  turn  the  ship  into 
a  blazing  torch. 

When  the  vessel  reached  port,  and  the 
fire  was  finally  overcome,  the  drums 
that  were  in  the  hold  were  put  ashore. 
They  were  found  to  he  badly  scorched, 
with  all  the  paint  and  brands  burned 
off,  leaving  no  identification  of  the 
contents.  A  number  of  drums  were 
opened  through  the  ,-im  li  closure. 
Samples  of  the  oil  were  taken  which, 
after  a  test,  were  found  to  contain 
no  water — even  though  the  drums  had 
been  pounded  by  hundreds  of  tons  of 
water,  and  submerged  for  hours. 


A  vessel  outward  bound  from  the 
United  States  sprang  a  serious  leak  in 
one  of  the  holds  when  she  was  one  day 
out.  The  cargo  of  about  500  drums  of 
lubricating  oil  in  the  hold  was  soon 
submerged  by  the  inrush  of  water. 

The  ship  was  turned  back,  and  finally 
made  port,  where  pumping  operations 
cleared  the  hold  of  water  to  enable  re- 
pairs to  be  made.  The  500  drums  of  oil 
were  unloaded  onto  the  wharf,  where 
they  were  examined  to  ascertain  if  the 
contents  had  been  contaminated  by 
the  water.  In  every  drum  it  was  found 
that  the  oil  was  intact,  and  absolutely 
free  of  water.  After  the  drums  had 
been  cleaned,  their  return  to  the  ship 
was  authorized,  and  soon  they  were 
sent  to  their  destination  overseas. 


The  drums  on  both  of  these  ships  were 
sealed  with  Tri-Snre  (".Insures.  In  thrir 
safe  passage  "through  fire  and  watrr." 
these  drums  add  their  testimony  to 
••\iilctice  all  over  the  world  that  every 
drop  of  liquid  in  a  Tri-Sure  equipped 
drum  is  safe  anywhere,  under  any  con- 
ditions. They  are  a  reminder  of  what  is 
true  today,  as  it  was  >*-«i«-nl:iy,  and  as 
it  will  !><•  tomorrow:  it  nlirays  pays  to 
specify  "Tri-Sure  fitted  drums." 


AMERICAN    FLANGE   &    MANUFACTURING   CO.  INC.,   SO    ROCKEFELLER    PLAZA,  NEW   YORK   JO,  N.   Y. 
TRI-SURE  PRODUCTS  LIMITED,  ST.  CATHARINES,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

MAY  1945  PLASTICS  21 


FIVE  of  this  year's  twelve  months  are  already  his- 
tory. Yet  so  far  there  is  relatively  little  relief  from 
the  shortages  which  seriously  threatened  the  full  ac- 
complishment of  the  many  production  goals  our  gov- 
ernment demanded  of  the  industry. 

Some  relief  is  anticipated  with  V-E  Day,  but  it  is 
highly  problematical  that  that  relief  will  be  appreciable 
unless  there  is  a  quick  end  to  the  war  with  Japan.  Yet, 
anything  can  happen,  and  this  feeling  is  reflected  in 
the  report  of  chemical  trends  and  developments  just 
released  by  the  Department  of  Commerce. 

Among  other  things,  the  report  highlights  the  fact 
that  the  plastics  industry,  at  the  beginning  of  1945, 
faced  a  raw  material  squeeze,  probably  the  worst  in  its 
history.  The  effects  of  intensified  military  needs  for 
chemicals  required  in  the  manufacture  of  plastics  ma- 
terials, it  points  out,  have  already  been  reflected  in 
allocations  which  are  considerably  different  from  those 
issued  in  1944.  But  there  is  a  ray  of  hope  in  the  state- 
ment that  "Any  change  in  demands  (of  chemicals, 
plasticizers,  etc.)  for  such  uses,  can  abruptly  alter  the 
plastics  supply  situation  either  upward  or  downward." 
We  can  criticize  this  as  fence  straddling  talk,  but  we'd 
much  prefer  believing  the  report  intends  to  imply  that 
the  end  of  hostilities  in  Europe  will  mean  increased 
materials  with  which  our  industry  can  work. 

An  estimated  80  percent  or  more  of  the  plastics  in- 
dustry's total  output  is  said  to  be  going  into  military 
use  and  a  large  part  of  the  balance  into  essential  prod- 
ucts. January  demands  for  plastics  for  war  uses  con- 
tinued at  peak  levels,  declines  in  allocations  were 
necessarily  found  primarily  for  less  essential  civilian 
products.  Demands  have  risen  sharply  and  plastics 
have  suddenly  become  unavailable  for  many  nonessen- 
tial  applications. 

Production  was  being  maintained  at  capacity  levels 
wherever  possible,  but  increased  military  requirements 
prevented  any  appreciable  easing  of  materials  for  the 
production  of  civilian  goods.  The  supply  of  plastics 
could  change  rapidly  for  the  better  if  there  were  a 
drop  in  explosive  and  other  related  war  buying.  How- 
ever there  is  little  basis  of  hope  in  this  respect  until 
either  the  fall  of  Germany  or  the  increase  of  raw  ma- 
terial production.  The  supply  of  plastics  above  those 
required  for  essential  products  is  expected  to  be  limited 
for  the  next  several  months. 

Yet,  there  are  signs  that  the  lid  will  be  off  some 
industrial  restrictions  imposed  by  the  European  war. 
*  *  * 

THIS  column  recently  took  issue  with  a  Fire  Com- 
missioner for  misinforming  his  staff  on  the  fire 
hazards  of  some  plastics  goods.     Since  then  a  more 
serious   situation   was  'created   when   the   California 
State  Senate  passed  a  bill  so  inadequately  worded  that 


it  would  have  practically  banned  the  sale  in  that  State 
of  any  fabrics  made  of  synthetic  fibres,  due  to  their 
alleged  flammability.  The  bill  in  question  slipped 
through  before  effective  opposition  could  be  organized, 
but  fortunately,  when  the  Assembly  was  considering 
the  companion  measure,  manufacturers,  retailers  and 
others,  including  the  Society  of  the  Plastics  Industry, 
were  given  an  opportunity  to  be  heard.  As  a  result, 
the  bill  was  modified  so  that  it  safeguards  both  the 
business  interests  and  the  public  itself. 

The  act  passed  by  the  Senate  provides  that  articles 
"more  highly  inflammable  than  cotton  cloth  in  its  nat- 
ural state"  may  not  be  sold.  Among  the  amendments 
to  the  Assembly  measure  is  an  expansion  of  the  word 
"article,"  so  that  it  reads  "an  article  of  wearing  ap- 
parel, cloth  drapery  or  other  fabric  or  material  made 
from  or  containing  any  synthetic  fibre"  and  also  a 
redefinition  of  the  term  "inflammable  article"  as  "any 
article  more  inflammable  than  any  similar  wearing  ap- 
parel, cloth,  drapery,  or  other  fabric  or  material  made 
from  or  containing  only  natural  fibre  and  determined 
by  the  fire  marshal  to  be  highly  inflammable." 

In  arriving  at  these  amendments,  actual  flammability 
tests  were  reported  to  have  been  made ;  and  the  new 
measure  would  allow  the  State  fire  marshal  or  his 
deputies  to  enter  any  premises  during  business  hours 
to  find  out  whether  inflammable  articles  are  being 
manufactured  or  offered  for  sale. 

It  is  evident  that  the  industry  will  have  to  watch 
every  part  of  the  country  for  similar  legislation.  For 
once  a  restrictive  law  is  passed  anywhere,  there  is  a 
tendency  for  other  localities  to  follow  suit,  often  with- 
out looking  too  intensely  into  all  the  factors.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  a  representative  from  California  has 
introduced  a  bill  in  Congress  which  would  make  it 
unlawful  to  use  the  mails  or  any  medium  of  com- 
munication or  transportation  in  interstate  commerce 
of  "any  article  of  wearing  apparel,  cloth,  drapery,  or 
any  other  fabric  or  material  made  or  containing  any 
synthetic  fibre  which  is  wholly  or  in  part  made  from 
or  contains  any  hazardous  explosive  or  other  substance 
in  sufficient  quantity  so  as  to  make  such  fabric  or  ma- 
terial more  highly  inflammable  than  cotton  cloth  in  its 
natural  state."  This  is  of  course  an  echo  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Senate's  statute ;  and  no  doubt  the  House  Com- 
mittee on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce,  to  which 
the  representative's  measure  has  been  referred,  will 
be  informed  of  the  amendments  which  have  been  ac- 
cepted in  the  California  Assembly's  revision  of  it. 

Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  a  young  industry  like 
ours  must  pay  to  protect  its  rights.  Here  again,  a 
national  educational  program  sponsored  and  supported 
by  the  industry  will  eliminate  much  of  the  trouble  even 
before  it  starts.  END 


22 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


.  Sir!      Reading  from  left  to  right  — 

a  distributor  head,  a  fuse  box  and  a  housing! 


Not  yet,  but  soon.  And  because  we've 
pre-formed  the  molding  compounds 
this  way,  each  one  will  be  a  better, 
more  economical  plastic  molding  job. 
There  are  so  many  advantages  to 
using  these  pre- forms  (molding  com- 
pounds compressed  into  "pills"  or 
roughs  of  the  finished  molding)  that 
we've  worked  out  special  techniques 
for  it  here  at  Kurz-Kasch.  Equipment 
is  conventional — single  and  multiple- 
punch  machines  for  small  jobs  and 
hydraulic  presses  for  larger  ones  up 
to  1500  grams.  But  we  set  every  press 
in  a  separate  room  so  as  to  knock  out 
the  slightest  chance  for  confusion  of 
materials.  What's  more,  every  room 


is  dust-proofed  as  well  as  air  condi- 
tioned for  perfect  chemical  and  color 
control. 

Going  on  from  here,  your  molding 
cycle  is  shortened.  The  life  of  your 
mold  is  protracted  and  finishing  re- 
duced because  overloading  is  pre- 
vented. And  by  using  pre-forms,  we 
can  give  you  the  advantages  of  our 
many  radio-frequency  preheating  in- 
stallations. 

This  attention  to  detail  bears  di- 
rectly on  quality  and  costs.  It's  ap- 
plied to  every  phase  of  your  molding 
operation,  here  at  Kurz-Kasch — from 
design  to  finishing  and  delivery.  If 
you  want  to  place  fail  responsibility 


for  your  plastic  molded  parts  with  a 
firm  whose  reputation  has  grown 
since  the  birth  of  the  plastics  industry 
— and  whose  plant  facilities  are 
among  the  largest  and  most  modern 
of  any  exclusive  custom  molder — ask 
for  a  Kurz-Kasch  engineer  today.  No 
obligation. 


Have  you  asked  for  your  free  copy  of 
A  Businessman's 
Guide  to  Plastics.' 
Address  Depart- 
ment 7,  please,  on 
your  letterhead — 
we'll  send  it  at 
once  with  our 
compliments. 


Kurz-Kasch 

for  over  28  years  Planners  and  Molder s  in  Plastics 

Kun-Kotch,    Inc.,     1413    South    Broadway,    Dayton    1,    Ohio.     Branch     Sa/ci     Ottittt:     New    York   •   Chicago  •   Dtfr»l» 
Indianapolii  •   Lot  Angeles  •  Dallas  •  SI.  Louis  •  Toronto,  Canada.   Export   Ollittn   19  Broad  Slroot,   N«w  York  City 


M\Y   1945 


I'l.ASTICS 


H 


what  you  should  know  about 


Dow's  new  plastic 


O  Y 


Enthusiastic  response  from  many  electrical  engineers  followed 
the  recent  announcement  of  Styraloy  22.  Such  special 
interest  is  well-founded  for  this  new,  Dow  developed  syn- 
thetic elastomer  already  occupies  an  important  place  in  the 
field  of  low-loss,  low  capacitance,  high  dielectric  strength, 
insulating  material. 

Developed  initially  for  insulation  uses  where  low  loss  at  high 
frequency  was  an  important  factor,  Styraloy  22  soon  attracted 
attention  for  other  uses  .  .  .  for  aircraft  ignition  installations 
because  of  its  flexibility  at  low  temperatures  and  freedom 
from  corona  attack  even  at  high  altitudes  .  .  .  for  radio 
gaskets,  bushings,  and  similar  products  .  .  .  for  combining 
with  synthetic  rubber  to  provide  flexible,  water  resistant 
wire  insulation. 

These  are  some  of  the  things  you  should  know  about  Styraloy 
22 — so  you  can  determine  where  this  new  product  can  best 
fit  into  your  own  plans.  Complete  data  is  available  on  request. 


We  at  Dow  know  from  experience  that  success  in 
plastics  is  not  a  one-man  nor  even  a  one-industry 
job.  It  calls  for  the  combined  skill  and  cooperation 
of  manufacturer  or  designer,  plus  fabricator,  plus 
raw  materials  producer.  Working  together,  this  team 
saves  time  and  money  and  puts  plastics  to  work 
successfully.  Call  us — we'll  do  our  part. 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES:  '  heathing;  hamll 

PROPERTIES  AND  ADVANTAGES:  I 

I',  in  212C  K.  N 
in  water).  Water  absorption  on! 

i-tant  to  at 

.;nil  readily 
fabricated  liy  other  molding  techniqn 


THE   DOW  CHEMICAL   COMPANY 


MIDLAND,   MICHIGAN 


^  ork 
('hiragn     • 


*    Bopi 

iia    •    Houston     •    San  Francuco     •    Lot  Angetai    •    Seattle 


STY  RON      .      ETHOCEL      .      ETHOCEL  SHEETING 
SARAN     .     SARANFILM     .     STRIfCOAT     .     STYRALOY 


Fiberglas -plastics    fabrication*    by    United    States 
Rubber  Company  for  ,\aih-H<~lvtnator  Corporation 


FIBERGLAS -REINFORCED   PLASTICS 

— a  spectacular,  new,  lightweight 


Fiberglai — gltm  in  Hi«  form  of  An*  flb*n — twbtod 
into  yarn  and  woven  into  cloth,  pouvuvt  many  of  HM 
properties  most  jooaht  after  in  tow-pre»iure  laminotet. 


Aircraft  struc- 
tural parts,  such 
as  the  cabin 
structure  of  the 
Army  R-6  Heli- 
copter, are  now 

being  made  of  plastics  reinforced 
with  Fiberglas  —  fine  filaments  of 
glass  woven  into  cloth,  then  used  with 
low-pressure  resins  in  the  fabrica- 
tion of  extremely  strong,  lightweight 
laminated  plastics  parts. 

Fiberglas  textiles  are  resistant  to 
moisture,  therefore  are  dimension- 
ally  stable.  They  possess  great  tensile 
strength,  and  are  resistant  to  heat, 
"iU.  corrosive  vapors  and  most  acids. 
The  combination  of  Fiberglas  and 
•  riiain  low-pressure  resins  has  re- 
Milti'd  in  a  material  with  properties 
which  excel  those  of  any  material 
previously  available  for  commercial 


use.  For  example,  impact  strength 
from  five  to  ten  times  that  previously 
obtained  in  laminates  is  now  attain- 
ed through  Fiberglas  reinforcement. 
Higher  strength -to -weight  ratios, 
greater  rigidity,  dimensional  stabil- 
ity and  simplified  fabrication  are  but 
a  few  of  the  advantages  which  are 
resulting  in  the  rapidly  increasing 
use  of  Fiberglas  for  reinforced  plas- 
tics sheets  and  formed  parts. 

Samples  and  complete  information 
on  Fiberglas  Textiles  will  be  sent 
to  you  on  request.  Owens-Corning 
Fiberglas  Corp.  does  not  manufac- 
ture resins  or  finished  laminates  but 
will  be  glad  to  furnish  data  on  tech- 
niques in  the  use  of  Fiberglas  and 
low-pressure  resins.  Write:  Owens- 
Corning  FiberglasCorp.,  1881  Nicho- 
las Bldg.,  Toledo  1,  Ohio.  In  Canada, 
Fiberglas  Canada  Ltd.,  Oshawa,  Ont. 


R-6  cabin  structure  of  Rberglai  -  reinforced  plaitk 
being  trimmed  and  mad*  ready  by  U.S.  Rubber  far 
thipment  to  Noih-K*l«notar. 


FIBERGLAS 


The  »  6  HeOcopter  wMo%  wM  be  wed  to  romport 
WMMJMi  from  kMXt*»lbl«  combat  araat  and  w* 
Mtvtn  ••lory  ovtpwH  wi 


A   BASIC  MATERIAL 


•T.  M.  R*f  "•  9-  f".  OU. 


MAY  1945 


f»  L  ASTi  t  S 


25 


FO«  EiicTmCAL  MTUMCM 


OFFICi   MACHINES  01  IHBUITUAl  IQOIfKIIlT 


TOOL*//  M»IO» 


lAIHKOOM  FIITUMI  -J,  MfOIUU.  ACCtSMUfS^io 


•mm**MFer* 


'ft 


It  takes  experience,  skill  and  the  right  equipment  to 
engineer  and  mold  an  attractive,  perfect-fitting  plastic 
frame  for  a  fine  pocketbook— or  a  beautiful  plastic  com- 
pact—like you  see  above.  Amos  has  what  it  takes  to  do 
these  and  numerous  other  jobs  exactly  right— the  way 
the  customer  wants  them. 

From  engineering  to  finishing,  Amos  does  plastic  mold- 
ing jobs  that  go  into  many  different  fields.  Whether  it 
be  a  large  or  small  component  part  for  some  machine 
or  appliance— or  an  all-plastic  product — Amos  does  the 
job  completely— and  does  it  right. 

Amos  facilities  are  being  greatly  expanded.  A  new  plant 
is  about  to  be  completed  and  equipped  to  take  care  of 
more  customers  who  want  their  post-war  plastic  mold- 
ing jobs  done  right.  Now's  the  time  to  get  your  jobs 
ready  for  fast  production  when  materials  are  available. 
Just  send  us  your  drawings  or  write  us  what  you  have 
in  mind  to  be  molded  in  plastics. 

AMOS  MOLDED  PLASTICS   •   EDINBURGH,  INDIANA 

Division  of  Amos-Thompson  Corporation 


COWP*ESS1 


26 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


The  plated  butyrate  lapel  pin  combines  plastics'  light- 
ness with  lustre  of  metal.     Urea  button  is  copper  plated 


Based  on  a  discussion  which  appeared  recently  in  PLAS- 
TICS PROGRESS,  published  by  Chicago  Molded  Products 
Corp.,  this  article  is  presented  by  PLASTICS  magazine  be- 
cause it  carries  a  message  of  major  importance  to  the  indus- 
try. Recent  years  have  witnessed  marked  advances  in  the 
technique  and  the  use  of  metal-plating.  The  conservative 
view  of  this  development,  contained  in  the  accompanying 
article,  may  serve  as  a  guide  to  those  confronted  with  this 
question.  All  items  pictured  were  plated  by  Plastic  Platen, 
Chicago. 


AT  FIRST  thought,  plating  plastics  with  metal  might 
appear  to  the  average  molder  or  buyer  of  plastics, 
to  be  like  the  proverbial  "gilding  the  lily." 

"Why,"  we  ask  ourselves,  "when  we  have  achieved  in 
plastics  the  advantages  of  a  wide  range  of  beautiful,  lus- 
trous colors  that  are  molded  into  the  piece  and  cannot  be 
scratched  off  or  worn  off,  why  cover  this  with  metal,  par- 
ticularly when  this  means  an  extra  operation?" 

Plastics  molders,  alert  to  safeguard  the  public's  accept- 
ance of  plastics,  are  cautioning  against  unwise  or  over- 
zealous  use  of  plastics  as  a  substitute  for  metal  in  applica- 
tions that  are  the  best  suited  to  metal.  Why,  then,  imitate 
the  appearance  of  metal  ? 

A  closer  scrutiny,  however,  will  show  that  the  idea  of 
plating  plastics  with  metal  is  based  on  a  tried  and  proven 
principle;  namely,  that  in  many  applications,  a  combina- 
tion of  metal  and  plastics  will  yield  certain  advantages 
which  cannot  be  found  in  either  metals  or  plastics  alone. 
Since  the  earliest  days  of  the  plastics  industry,  metal  in- 
serts have  been  molded  into  plastics  parts  to  provide  extra 
strength  for  small  threads,  or  other  sections.  More  recently, 
plastics  have  been  molded  over  metal,  to  combine  the  ap- 
pearance of  plastics  with  the  strength  of  metal,  as  in  auto- 
mobile wheels.  Now,  the  metal  plating  process  provides 
still  another  means  of  combining  metals  with  plastics — a 
new  field  of  commercial  and  military  applications. 


Established  Custom  Molder  Advises 
Plating  Only  When  the  Combination 
Yields  Advantages  Not  Obtainable 
With  Plastics  or  the  Metals  Alone 


There  are,  it  is  claimed,  several  methods  for  the  metal 
plating  of  plastics.  Common  to  all  methods  is  the  step 
which  distinguishes  it  from  metal  plating  of  metals — the 
first  coat  of  a  copper  or  silver  bonding  solution.  This 
acts  not  only  as  an  "anchor"  or  adherent  for  subsequent 
metal  coats  but  also  as  a  conductor  for  the  electro-deposit- 
ing of  metal  plating.  Plastics  are,  of  course,  non-conduc- 
tive, and  it  was  only  with  the  development  of  a  conductive 
bond  coat  which  could  be  applied  by  painting,  spraying 
or  immersion  that  the  metal  plating  of  plastics  became 
commercially  practicable. 

Preliminary  to  this  coating,  the  plastics  part  is  cleaned 
to  the  point  at  which  it  will  not  "water  break."  This  is 
done  chemically  in  some  methods.  In  others,  the  part  is 
cleaned  by  "roughening"  either  by  sand  blasting  or  tum- 
bling in  sand.  Beyond  these  initial  steps  the  electro-deposit- 
ing processes  are  much  the  same  as  in  plating  metal. 


Cylinder  illustrate*  ipol  plating  inside  molded 
glass-iilled  plastics  tub*  used  In  condertMt  as- 
sembly. Shown  also  it  plated  part  used  with  It 


MAY  1945 


I •  I .  \ STICS 


27 


Plating  emphasizes  surface  details  of  religious  chaplet.     Letters  on  the  unplated  sample  are  difficult  to  read.    Osier-Bauer's  "Magic 
Spray"   salt   and   pepper   server   of   corrosion-resistant   polystyrene  is  shown  beside  the  same  unit  silver-plated  for  formal  service 


By  masking,  one  can  "spot  plate"  a  plastics  piece  in  strips, 
broad  bands  or  other  decorative  or  utilitarian  effects.  This 
opens  up  broad  fields,  particularly  in  electrical  applications. 
It  makes  commercially  possible,  for  instance,  an  integral 
unit  which  acts  as  an  insulator  on  one  side  and  as  an  elec- 
trical conductor  on  the  other.  Since  high  frequency  currents 
travel  only  on  the  surface  of  a  conductor,  a  plating  of  only 
.0003"  to  .0005"  is  sufficient  for  RF  work.  Kindred  uses 
of  metal-plated  plastics  in  electrical  units  such  as  on  coil 
forms,  antenna,  and  directional  aerial  loops,  are  widespread 
in  war-time  uses,  and  it  is  logical  to  believe  they  will  as- 
sume an  equal  or  greater  importance  in  peacetime  pro- 
duction. 

Decorative  Uses 

The  radio  cabinet  photo  illustrates  how  metal  plating 
can  be  used  at  one  time  for  both  functional  and  decorative 


purposes.  Through  the  grille  and  dial  openings,  the  reader 
will  see  that  the  opposite  end  of  the  cabinet  has  been  plated 
on  the  inside  for  grounding  and  shielding.  The  inside  front 
panel,  top,  and  opposite  end  are  similarly  plated,  though 
not  shown.  Then  a  bright  metal  band,  on  the  outside  at 
the  base  of  the  cabinet  provides  by  its  contrast  an  interest- 
ing decorative  effect. 

In  the  decorative  field  there  are  numerous  occasions 
where  plated  plastics  are  definitely  better  for  their  pur- 
pose than  their  metal  counterpart,  strange  as  it  may  seem. 
There  are,  for  example,  times  when  such  hardware  as 
knobs  or  handles  should  be  finished  in  chromium,  or  nickel, 
or  antique  copper,  to  harmonize  with  the  other  fixtures  of 
a  unit.  Yet  in  such  applications  as  heating  or  refrigerat- 
ing units,  an  all-metal  handle  might  be  uncomfortably  hot 
or  cold  to  the  touch.  Here  a  relatively  non-conductive, 
(Continued  on  page  106) 


Radio  cabinet  interior  is  metal-plated  for  grounding  and  shielding;  outside  metal  band  is  a  decorative  aid.    Plastics 
handles  shown  resist  temperature  changes  and,  when  metal  plated,  harmonize  with  the  other  accessories  of  their  unit 


28 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


I : 


a 


Vnite  cow  molded  by  Elmer  E.  Mills  Corp. 
or  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 


This  miniature  COW  molded  of  Tenite  represents  the  ideal  Guernsey. 
One-ninth  life  size  and  perfectly  proportioned,  the  model  was  patterned  after 
the  best  points  of  six  cows  of  the  "close  to  ideal"  class,  and  will  be  used  as  a 
concrete  basis  for  judging  and  the  ultimate  improvement  of  the  breed. 

The  Tenite  cow  is  composed  of  eight  injection-molded  pieces  cemented  to- 
gether and  painted.  Tenite  is  molded  to  exact  measurements,  with  faithful  repro- 
duction of  the  finest  details,  and  has  a  high  degree  of  dimensional  stability. 
Because  of  the  speed  with  which  it  can  be  molded,  large-scale  production  i» 
possible;  a  Tenite  model  of  the  ideal  Guernsey  can  be  made  available  to  every 
buyer,  breeder,  and  judge  of  cattle  at  a  nominal  price. 

So  enthusiastic  has  been  the  reception  of  the  Tenite  Guernsey  that  model* 
are  soon  to  be  made  of  other  breeds— Jersey,  Holstein,  Ayrshire,  and  Brown 
Swiss;  Hereford,  Shorthorn,  and  Aberdeen  Angus.  TENNESSEE  EASTMAN 
CORPORATION  (Subsidiary  of  Eastman  Kodak  Co.),  KINGSPORT,  TENN. 


Tenite 


AN  EASTMAN   PLASTIC 


Design  fox  JVew  Markets! 

To  Meet  the  Challenge  of  Competitive  Materials, 
Plastics  Should  Be  Coupled  with  Bold  and  Progressive 
Design  in  Products  That  Will  Make  the  Fullest 
Use  of  Their  Appearance  and  Versatility 


£/9ar  BartoLcci  and  $.  $.    WMl, 


Industrial   Designers 


It 'I  IH 


A  new  principle  in  relaxation  is  offered  by  Bartolucci-Waldheim 
chair,  which  incorporate!  a  contour-fitting  shape  and  a  two- 
position  design.  The  webbing  can  be  woven  of  strong  plastics 
filaments;  the  plastics-bonded  plywood  may  be  surfaced  with 
decalcomania  simulating  the  grain  of  any  natural  wood  desired 


INDUSTRIAL  design,  a  term  which  is  coming  to  mean 
more  and  more  in  the  business  world,  is  taking   its 
proper  and  well-earned  place  at  the  conference  tables  of 
progressive  plastics  firms — large  and  small. 

To  the  uninitiated,  the  term  is  often  misleading,  and  per- 
haps it  might  be  better  to  coin  the  phrase  ''socio-industrial- 
designer"  as  more  applicable  to  and  descriptive  of  the  work 
in  this  field.  "Socio-"  is  prefixed  because  the  industrial 
designer  must  first  consider  the  mass  consumer's  wishes 
and  wants  before  he  proceeds  with  the  manufacturer's  cal- 
culations, templates  and  tools. 

The  designer  should  be  extremely  sensitive  to  line,  pro- 
portion, texture,  form  and  color,  as  well  as  consumer  wants; 
— these  are  his  justification  for  understanding  design — butj 
he  must  couple  this  ability  with  a  talent  for  meeting  and 
solving  practical  problems  and  requirements  of  manufactur- 
ing within  a  limited  time. 

Many  regard  industrial  design  merely  as  the  "dressing 
up"  of  products  and  packages.  Actually  it  is  much  deeper 
and  far  more  important  than  this  alone.  Industrial  design 
is  the  beginning  of  successful,  scientific  marketing.  To 
produce  sales,  the  designer  must  create  the  right  product  at 
the  right  tune.  This  involves  studies  and  surveys  of  the 
consumer,  his  wants,  needs  and  ability  to  pay. 

Likewise,  the  designer  must  know  all  possible  facts  about 
the  manufacturer — his  production  experience,  plant  set-up, 
sales  outlets,  and — at  this  time — his  labor  supply. 

The  merchant  who  is  to  sell  the  product  must  also  be 
taken  into  consideration.  Since  merchants  are  primarily 
interested  in  "mark  up,"  cost  of  the  raw  materials  and 
manufacture  are  basic  to  any  discussion  of  their  problems. 
They  should  also  be  asked  their  opinions  regarding  the 
salability  of  the  item  and  its  logical  price  bracket.  Thus,! 
all  factors  prior  to  time  of  sale  lie  within  the  scope  of  in-j 
dustrial  design. 

Most  mass  production  industries  have  acknowledged  the 
value  of  design  by  employing  full-time  consultants.  The 
plastics  industry,  besides  being  a  mass  production  industry, 
has  double  reason  for  being  keenly  concerned  and  informed 
about  the  element  of  design.  It  is  young,  just  coming  of 
age,  and  needs  all  the  outside  experience  it  can  garner  to] 
help  it  through  its  growing  stage;  and  it  must  brace  itself  j 
against  innumerable  counter-attacks  and  challenges  by 
materials  it  has  replaced,  not  to  mention  new  materials  tOj 
come. 


30 


MAY  1945 


Plastic*  adhesives  and  surfacing  can  play  a  vital  part  in  this 
unusual  coffee-table,  separable  into  two  attractive  end-tables 

Historically,  industrial  design  began  with  mass  produc- 
tion. In  earlier  times  (sometimes  even  today!)  engineer- 
ing technique  had  the  right-of-way  over  taste  and  esthetics. 
From  1800  to  1830  the  people  who  were  the  engineers  were 
also  the  designers,  and  products  and  machinery  had  a  nat- 
ural charm  and  beauty. 

From  1830  to  1925  educational  specialization  caused  a 
divorce  between  engineering  and  design.  The  artist  could 
find  no  outlet  in  the  engineer's  work;  the  engineer  did  not 
try  to  appreciate  the  work  of  the  artist.  This  lack  of  under- 
standing between  two  fields  which  actually  have  so  much  in 
common  was  combatted  by  Gropius'  Bauhaus.  This  school, 
founded  in  1919,  brought  forth  a  new  type  of  architect- 
engineer-artist.  Product  and  architectural  design  throughout 
the  world  were  to  feel  its  influence  within  a  decade.  The 
trend  persisted,  and  in  the  30's  industrial  design  broadened 
to  include  architecture,  motion  picture  and  town  planning, 
culminating  in  complete  Utopias. 

The  40*5  and  the  war  made  plastics  one  of  the  main  con- 
cerns of  the  designer.  Being  some  of  the  most  versatile 
and  flexible  of  materials,  they  lent  themselves  admirably  to 
many  new  applications  created  by  the  war  with  limitations 
imposed  on  the  use  of  metals,  wood  and  glass. 

As  a  result,  after  a  lag  during  which  some  unfortunate 
experiences  occurred,  plastics  companies  began  to  concern 
themselves  with  design,  the  designer's  approach,  and  con- 
sumer taste. 

In  doing  so,  they  immediately  came  face  to  face  with  one 
firm  law  of  industrial  growth :  That  change  is  the  substance 
of  progress  and  the  basis  of  successful  design.  Not  change 
for  change's  sake,  but  change  based  on  the  latest  findings 
of  science  and  a  broadening  understanding  of  humans. 

There  is  an  economic  critical-point  at  which  "playing 
safe"  becomes  a  losing  proposition.  The  manufacturer  who 
refuses  to  make  design  changes  will  look  about  him  and 
discover  that  other  factories  are  growing  because  they  are 
making  successful  design  changes  in  their  merchandise. 
One  of  the  main  functions  of  the  designer  is  to  isolate  and 
analyse  for  his  client  the  critical  point  at  which  change  is 
imperative.  It  is  at  this  point  that  it  becomes  necessary  to 
forge  ahead  by  anticipating  public  needs  and  creating  new 
desires. 

One  fact  which  illustrates  the  importance  of  design  to 
plastics  is  that  plastics  items  are  purchased  on  a  cost-per- 


1899 


1920 


1925 


1938 


1938 


1940 


EVOLUTION  OF 
THE  TELEPHONE 


The  telephone  was  one  of  the 
first  mass-use  items  to  gravitate  to 
plastics.  Early  models  (1899)  ware 
of  metel  or  wood.  Turned  wood 
gave  way  to  metal  tube  (1920). 
Although  many  companies  used 
plastics  parts  earlier,  it  was  not 
until  1925  that  the  Automatic 
Electric  Company  introduced  the 
first  all-plastics  phone  and  base. 

Two  factors  moved  the  industry 
shortly  thereafter  to  convert  to 
plastics:  (I)  Metal  boxes  needed 
costly  maintenance,  chiefly  for  re- 
finishing  when  scratched,  or  re- 
placing when  rusted;  and  (2)  plas- 
tics cases  permitted  substantial 
savings  in  assembly,  for  terminals 
were  molded  into  the  basic  struc- 
ture. 

The  1930's  found  the  horiiontal 
design  winning  out  over  the  verti- 
cal, as  illustrated  here,  with  the 
bell  encased  in  the  base.  How- 
ever, it  should  be  noted  that  the 
bell  was  not  placed  into  the  base 
until  the  latter  was  made  of  plas- 
tics. The  reason:  Incorporating 
the  bell  in  a  metal  case  only 
added  to  an  already  burdensome 
weight.  Plastics  overcame  this  ob- 
jection. Thus,  the  early  cradle 
phones  had  metal  bases,  later 
shifting  to  plastics  and  the  en- 
cased bell. 

The  latest  trends  take  several 
forms,  as  exemplified  by  the  last 
two  models  shown,  the  first  of 
them  representing  a  type  now  in 
limited  use.  Note  that  it  incor- 
porates the  dial  beneath  the  arm, 
further  economiiing  the  overall 
shape  and  taking  a  step  closer  to 
the  ideal  form  that  will  permit 
the  use  of  a  single  type  on  both 
wall  and  desk. 

The  ultimate  in  telephone  de- 
sign might  be  that  illustrated  by 
the  last  on*  in  this  series,  the 
product  of  a  Hollywood  designer; 
or  it  may  appear  in  the  form  sim- 
ilar to  that  presented  in  PLAS- 
TICS' April  issue  ("On  the  Draft- 
ing Board"),  with  dialing  sup- 
planted by  a  "keyboard."  In  either 
case,  plastics  will  undoubtedly  play 
a  major  role,  offering  greater  flei- 
ibility,  ease  of  modification,  versa, 
tility,  enhanced  style  and  lowered 
assembly  costs. 


MAY  1945 


I •  L AST  I C S 


31 


These  three  barometers  illustrate  the  importance  of  combining  plastics  with  other  materials.    Oi  the  three,  the  part-plastics, 
part-wood   unit   (center)   has   enormously   outsold   the   others,    which   are   constructed   of   all-plastics   (right)   and   all-wood 


Radical  departures  are  in  store  even  for  the  common  coat-hanger 
and  coat-hook,   as  shown  by  the  author's  designs  in  plastics 


piece  basis  rather  than  "by  the  pound,"  as  is  the  case  with 
most  other  materials. 

Metals  have  a  long  history  of  selling  by  weight,  dating 
from  days  prior  to  mass  production.  This  was  due  to  the 
high  intrinsic  values  of  the  first  metals  commercially  used. 
Plastic  materials,  as  a  whole,  do  not  have  this  high  intrinsic 
value.  Their  worth  is  determined  more  by  their  shape  and 
form  than  the  value  of  the  material  used  in  them.  Of 
course,  the  cost  of  "buying  by  the  piece"  is  greatly  deter- 
mined by  design.  Two  alarm  clocks,  each  having  the  same 
amount  of  material,  may  vary  considerably  in  selling  price 
because  of  a  difference  in  mold  costs  resulting  from  com- 
plexity of  design.  Thus  simplified  designs  are  almost  man- 
datory. Simplicity  vs.  intricacy  is  the  battlefield  of  profits 
and  losses.  Here  plastics,  allied  with  modern  design,  can 
more  than  hold  their  own. 

This  of  course  makes  it  imperative  that  plastics  free 
themselves  from  traditions  imposed  by  other  materials. 

Despite  this  seemingly  obvious  fact,  plastics  manufactur- 
ers often  have  a  fear  of  making  the  changes  recommended 
by  the  designer — fear  that  their  products  might  go  beyond 
the  line  of  public  acceptance.  It  is  safer,  they  falsely  ra- 
tionalize, to  keep  design  lines  the  same,  traditional. 

Such  anxiety  and  concern  can  be  understood  in  the  light 
of  mass  production,  with  the  enormous  expenditures  en- 
tailed by  retooling  and  new  dies.  Nevertheless,  this  desire 
to  play  safe  is  unwise  in  the  long  run  from  an  economic 
viewpoint,  and  harbors  other  hazards. 

For  example,  why  do  so  many  consumers — and  even  plas- 
tics personnel  themselves — still  regard  plastics  as  substitute 
materials?  Let  us  take  the  case  of  a  plastics  pen  holder  re- 
cently seen  in  a  school  stationary  store.  This  pen  holder 
duplicated  exactly — in  shape  and  color — the  wood  type  used 
in  grade  school  many  years  ago.  The  original  wood  pen- 
holder had  its  design  determined  by  the  lathe  on  which  it 
was  turned.  The  shape  of  the  plastics  imitation  was  de- 
termined not  by  function,  not  by  virtue  of  its  new  material, 
not  even  by  molding  processes — but  by  the  desire  of  its 
producer  to  play  safe. 

(Continued  on  page  110) 


32 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


LASTIC 
HOUSINGS 


A  liouMri'j  K  tlic  "package"  in  winch 
yt)iir  product  I>D<.'S  on  the  tn.nkct. 
Therefore  it.  should  have  i \c  value  .  .  . 
sleek  lines,  snicmtli  texture  pleasant  to 
the  touch,  and  in  many  cases  the  added 
beauty  of  color  and  lustre. 

Plastic  housings  excel  in  all  these 
qualities.  But  they  can  contribute 
many  more  unseen  features.  For  one 
thing,  the  housing  often  serves  -as  in- 
sulation against  electricity  or  heat.  It 
frequently  doubles  as  a  rugged  frame 
which  supports  complicated  interior 
mechanisms.  By  virtue  of  its  strength, 
resistance  to  water  or  chemicals,  the 
housing  affords  protection  to  the  mech- 
anism. Finally,  it  can  be  made  trans- 
parent or  opaque,  to  reveal  or  conceal 
what  it  encloses  .  .  .  whichever  is  de- 
sirable.- 

The  variety  of  housings  which  we 
have  helped  to  design  and  produce  has 
given  us  the  status  of  specialists.  Our 
backlog  of  experience  \vill  be  useful  in 
developing  housings  for  your  products. 
Write  to:  MOLDED  PRODUCTS 
COMPANY,  4533  W.  Harrison  St., 
Chicago  24,  111. 


PLAIN 
PLATE 


ARMOR 
PLATE 


I 


The  frangible  bullet  penetrates  plain  duraluminum,  but  shatters  on  hitting  the  specially-treated  plate 

Hit-and-Run  Bullets 

(/-5u     (A/iltiam  /Z5.  ^cnacK  ana    iflaurice   r^oaau 

Combination  Lead-Plastics  Practice  Ammunition  That  Disintegrates 
Against  Target  Permits  Duplication  of  Aerial  Combat  Conditions 


PLASTICS  have  written  a  new  and  sensational  chapter 
in  the  history  of  military  aviation  with  the  develop- 
ment of  a  frangible  bullet,  which  makes  it  possible  for  gun- 
nery students  to  shoot  actual  ammunition  at  attacking  planes 
during  aerial  sham  battles. 

Brain  child  of  Maj.  Cameron  Fairchild,  Army  Air  Forces 
Training  Command's  Central  School  for  Flexible  Gunnery, 
the  frangible  bullet  is  a  .30  cal  machine  gun  slug  made  from 
a  combination  lead  and  plastics  material  hard  enough  to 
withstand  being  fired  through  a  machine  gun  but  soft 
enough  to  splatter  harmlessly  into  a  fine  powder  having  the 
approximate  consistency  of  sugar  when  coming  in  contact 
with  specially  treated  duraluminum. 

According  to  Training  Command  officers,  virtually  every 
condition  of  combat  can  be  duplicated  except  anti-aircraft 
fire  and  return  fire  from  the  "attacking"  fighter  plane. 

An  attacking  fighter  plane,  protected  with  the  duralumi- 
num armor,  is  fired  upon  by  a  gunner  in  the  attacked  plane, 
who  uses  the  frangible  bullets. 

By  direction  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Barton  K.  Yount,  command- 
ing general  of  the  AAF  Training  Command,  frangible  air 
slugging  is  now  conducted  as  part  of  the  standard  curricu- 
lum at  gunnery  schools  at  Laredo,  Tex. ;  Ft  Meyers,  Fla. ; 


Panama  City,  Fla. ;  Harlingen,  Tex. ;  Yunia  and  Kingman, 
Ariz. ;  and  Las  Vegas,  Nev. 

"The  frangible  bullet  gives  the  gunner  a  chance  to  deliver 
a  real  punch  at  a  live  opponent,"  General  Yount  said.  "The 
AAF  expects  the  results  in  terms  of  combat  efficiency  to  be 
far-reaching.  It  will  aid  immeasurably  in  the  practice  of 


The  frangible  bullet  is  a  .30  cal. 
machine  gun  slug  made  from  combi- 
nation plastics  and  lead  material 


34 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


position  firing  and  in  the  teaching  of  deflection  shooting." 
Through  a  special  process,  an  armor  plate  has  been  de- 
veloped which  causes  the  frangible  bullet  to  disintegrate  on 
contact  with  it  at  high  velocities.    If  two  identical  pieces  of 
armor  plate  are  placed  side  by  side  as  targets  and  both  are 
•  1  with  frangible  bullets,  the  slugs  will  penetrate  the 
plate  which  has  n,.t  been  specially  treated  but  will  disin- 
tegrate upon  impact  with  the  one  which  has.    Ordinary  bul- 

'  ed  at  the  plates  will  pierce  both. 

Delicate  instruments  under  the  special  armor  transmit  an 
impulse  to  a  spotlight  in  the  center  of  the  propeller  huh, 
causing  it  to  flash  brightly  when  the  bullets  strike.  This 
••[>in  hall"  mechanism  is  the  heart  of  the  RP-63  target 
plane  for  it  informs  the  gunner  in  the  other  plane 
whether  he  is  on  or  off  the  target,  in  addition  to  giving  him 
an  exact  record  of  his  percentage  of  hits.  The  hit  indicator 

ieveloped  by  the  Air  Transport  Service  Command's 
radio  laboratories  with  engineers  of  the  Sperr>  Gyroscope 

ing  the  Sperry  engine  detonation  indicatoi  as  a  basis 
for  its  work. 

Because  of  its  ability  to  carry  extra  weight,  its  relatively 
small  service  area,  and  its  high  speed  and  rate  of  climb, 
the  Bell  P-o3  Kinycobra  was  chosen  by  the  ATSC  to  serve 
as  the  target  plane  on  frangible  bullet  air-to-air  firing  mis- 
sions in  flexible  gunnery  schools.  Another  factor  in  favor 
of  this  plane  is  that  its  completely  inclosed  liquid-cooled  en- 
gine and  clean  lines  are  more  easily  armored  than  ships  with 
radial  engines.  It  is  covered  with  more  than  one  ton  of 
specially-treated  armor  plate.  Assignment  of  300  Kingco- 
bras  to  the  AAF  Training  Command  for  use  in  air  firing 
training  with  the  frangible  bullet  has  been  ordered  by  AAF 
headquarters. 

Preparation  of  the  Kingcobra  for  use  as  a  target  plane 
entailed  numerous  modifications.  It  was  necessary  that  the 
pilot  be  perfectly  safe  from  any  angle.  Accordingly,  he 
irrounded  by  armor  plate  and  1"  bullet-resistant  glass. 
Heavy  plate  was  also  installed  around  vital  parts  of  the  en- 
pine  and  gas  tanks,  and  special  grilles  were  designed  to 
pn.tect  the  air  intakes  and  exhaust  outlets.  The  propeller 

•  be  especially  thick-skinned  to  withstand  the  bullets. 
Despite  these  modifications,  the  RP-63  will  clock  more  than 
300  mph  at  25.000  ft. 

Previous  Training  Methods 

Prior  to  introduction  of  the  frangible  bullet,  student  gun- 

ther  fired  live  ammunition  at  sleeve  targets  trailed  by 

other  planes  or  "shot"  movies  of  attacking  P-63's  with  gun 

cameras.  Upon  completion  of  the  mission,  hits  were  checked 

•mting  the  holes  in  the  cloth  target  or  by  viewing  the 

gun  camera  film  through  special  assessing  devices. 

Training  Command  officers  point  out  that  the  advantage 

if  being  able  to  correct  the  gunner's  aim  immediately  is 

the  crux  of  the  frangible  bullet's  training  value.  Added  to 

this  prime  advantage  is  the  ability  for  the  first  time  to  sim- 

•he  conditions  of  combat  on  a  gunnery  training  mis- 

Ision.     Under  the  old   system   training  bombardment  gun- 

•  as   comparable    to   training   a    prize    fighter   for   a 
championship  bout  "without   sparring  partners  and  with 
shadow   hoxing  only." 

I  >i -integrating  qualities  of  the  frangible  bullet  arc  demon- 
strated with  a  specially-designed  box  target  at  which  ammu- 
nition is  fired  with  a  modified  .30  cal  machine  gun  similar 
to  the  guns  used  in  aerial  missions  on  the  frangible  bullet 

•  The  open  side  of  the  box  facing  the  machine  gun 
•ed  with  a  sheet  of  paper  and  a  sheet  of  armor  plate  is 
against  the  rear  wall  of  the  box.     The  paper  front 

.ifeguard  the  collection  of  dust  from  the  ex- 
'  ammunition,  for  the  disintegrated  frangible  bullet 
ts  mainly  of  a  very  fine  dust  which  is  blown  away 
A  pile  of  fine  textured  dust  created  by  the  disinte- 
gration of  the  slugs  hitting  against  the  armor  plate  is  ob- 


A  radiosonic  device  lights  a  lamp  in  the  propeller  hub  of  the  at- 
tacking plane  when  it  is  hit  by  frangible  bullets.  This  can  be  seen 
by  the  gunner  in  the  "attacked"  plane.  Note  that  bullet*  do 
not  penetrate  the  glass  used  to  protect  the  pilot  of  the  plane 


M  \V    191:, 


PLASTICS 


35 


First  step  in  molding  the  bullet  is  weighing  out  powder 
The  powder  is  then  placed  into  a  transfer  molding  chamber 


served  on  the  box  floor  after  the  gunnery  practice  has 
halted. 

First  man  to  fly  a  target  plane  was  Capt.  Charles  E.  Evei 
ett,  who  had  returned  to  the  U.S.  from  action  in  the  Soutli 
west  Pacific,  assigned  to  temporary  duty  at  the  gunner 
school  at  Buckingham  Field  near  Fort  Meyers.  He  fle> 
an  A-20  termed  the  "Alclad  Nag,"  which  was  complete! 
armored  with  the  specially  treated  metal. 

The  frangible  bullet  project  started  in  May,  1942,  wit 
a  desire  on  the  part  of  Maj.  Cameron  Fairchild  to  mak 
training  more  realistic.  After  talking  his  ideas  over  wit 
the  Director  of  Training  at  Harlingen,  Major  Fairchil 
received  permission  to  start  the  ball  rolling.  Taking  a 
interest  in  the  project,  Col.  Jacob  Smart,  who  was  on  Ge 
Henry  H.  Arnold's  Advisory  Council  at  AAF  headquartei 
in  Washington,  brought  the  AAF  School  of  Applied  Tai 
tics  into  the  picture.  With  this  and  Training  Comman 
backing,  Major  Fairchild  began  research.  Steady  pr 
was  made  with  the  cooperation  of  Duke  and  Princeton  Un 
versities  and  various  research  laboratories. 

Finally,  a  practical  formula  was  achieved.  Major  Fai 
child  was  sent  to  Buckingham  Army  Air  Field,  Fla.,  o 
detached  service  to  conduct  the  first  prolonged  firing  test 
The  Materiel  Command  at  Wright  Field  was  in  the  mear 
time  developing  a  suitable  target  ship,  for  any  bullet  stron; 
enough  to  be  fired  from  a  gun  would  damage  a  thin-skinne 
airplane. 

Improves  Accuracy 

What  the  plastics  bullet  means  in  the  actual  training  pro 
gram  of  combat  flyers  can  be  understood  from  the  rei 
ported  improvement  in  the  accuracy  of  fire.  Formerly,  a 
well-trained  gunner  scored  one  hit  per  1000  rounds  of  ami 
munition  fired.  After  training  with  the  plastics  bullet,  m 
has  boosted  his  marksmanship  to  150  hits  per  1000  shots! 

The  plastics  bullet  is  even  being  shipped  abroad  for  us( 
by  flyers  after  they  come  back  from  short  leaves.  Just  as  i 
top-flight  pianist  who  has  not  played  his  instrument  for  a 
few  days  gets  off  form  and  has  to  warm  up  again  will; 
finger  exercises,  so  a  skilled  gunner  loses  a  little  of  tha 
fine  adjustment  which  only  combat  brings  forth.  Even  i 


Shown  between  the  press  platens  are  61  finished  slugs 


r 


PLASTIC  PARTS 

....  PRODUCED   TO   YOUR   SPECIFICATIONS 


PRINTING 

DIE  CUTTING 

CEMENTING 

Wide  experience  by  oil  known 
processes  in  the  opplicotion  of 
printing,  engraving,  silk  screen 
ing,  die  cutting  and  cementing 
of  all  thermoplastics. 


FORM/NO 

Specialists  in  deep  drawing  radio 
dial  windows,  embossing,  swag- 
ing and  bending  in  Acetate, 
Vinylite  and  Acrylics. 


MACHINING 

Precision  threading,  screw  ma- 
chine, milling,  drilling,  turning 
of  Polystyrene,  Acrylics,  Pheno- 
lics,  Nylon,  Tenite;  sheets,  tubes 
and  rods;  through  spindle  capac- 
ity up  to  2V4"  rod. 


ASSEMBLY 

Our  engineers  can  assist  you  in 
problems  ofdesignand  assembly 
of  your  plastic  units. 


PRINTLOID, 


93  Mercer  Street 
New  York  12,  N.  Y. 


MAY  1945 


I  •  I.  A  ST1  C  S 


37 


few  days  off  duty  may  impair  that  fine  adjustment.  There- 
fore gunners  returning  to  service  are  given  a  few  hours  of 
practice  with  the  frangible  bullet  to  key  them  up  to  the 
mark. 

Among  the  problems  involved  in  developing  the  frangible 
bullets  was  to  find  a  type  of  bullet  which  could  be  fired  from 
machine  guns  and  would  approximate  the  trajectory  of  .50 
cal  bullets  without  their  devasting  effect.  Credit  for  the 
solution  of  that  problem  is  due  Dr.  Paul  Gross,  head  of  the 
Department  of  Chemistry  at  Duke  University  and  consult- 
ant to  the  National  Defense  Research  Council,  and  to  his 
assistant,  Dr.  Marcus  Hobbs. 

Technically,  the  frangible  bullet  was  made  possible  by 
a  double  development  job — one  on  the  material  of  the 
bullet  and  the  other  on  the  molding  process  by  which  it  is 
produced.  The  prime  contract  was  given  to  Duke  Uni- 
versity, which  placed  Drs.  Hobbs  and  Gross  in  charge. 

Developing  the  Mixture 

A  plastics  resin  (it  may  not  be  identified  as  yet)  was 
formulated,  which,  on  being  mixed  with  the  right  propor- 
tion of  lead,  would  have  the  requisite  physical  properties. 
But  that  was  -not  all.  These  laboratories  also  solved  the 
fundamental  problem  of  creating  so  intimate  a  mixture 
of  the  lead  and  plastics  that  they  would  not  separate  under 
the  conditions  in  which  the  bullet  was  made  or  used.  In 
recent  years,  since  the  development  of  powder  metallurgy, 
successful  use  has  been  made  of  metal-plastics  mixes,  but, 
so  far  as  has  been  reported,  this  is  the  first  case  where 
the  mixture  cannot  be  disintegrated  by  physical  means. 

On  the  second  part  of  the  job — that  of  determining 
optimum  molding  conditions,  single  cavity  and  seven- 
cavity  pilot  molds  were  used,  and  the  proper  molding 
cycle  was  established  at  least  in  a  preliminary  way;  for 
it  was  naturally  modified  under  actual  production  condi- 
tions. 

In  addition  to  these  studies  of  the  bullet  proper,  a  solu- 
tion was  also  worked  out  for  the  health  hazards  incidental 
to  the  handling  of  the  lead  component,  without  which  it 
would  be  impossible  to  proceed  to  production. 

Production  Process 

Details  of  the  production  process  itself  given  here  are 
drawn  from  the  experience  of  Universal  Plastics  Corpora- 
tion, one  of  the  major  sources  of  procurement,  which  has 
already  turned  out,  at  this  writing,  some  16,000,000  bullets. 
Other  firms  participating  in  this  program  are:  Boonton 
Molding  Co.,  Compression  Molding  Co.,  Consolidated 
Molded  Products  Corp.,  The  Grigoleit  Company,  Indus- 
trial Molded  Products,  Mack  Molding  Co.,  Molded  Prod- 
ucts Co.  (Chicago),  Pal  Tool  Co.,  Plastics  Engineering 
Co.,  Shaw  Insulator  Co.,  Waterbury  Companies,  Inc.,  and 
The  Woodruff  Company. 

Superficially,  after  the  basic  researches  referred  to 
above,  the  molding  job  looks  simple.  The  plastics-metal 
mix  is  supplied  in  powder  form,  ready  for  the  press.  The 
powder  is  fed  to  a  transfer  pot,  whence  it  flows  into  the 
cavities  of  the  mold;  the  press  goes  through  the  proper 
cycle;  and  that's  all  there  is  to  it — almost.  The  fact  is, 
as  Universal  Plastics  found  out,  that,  even  with  the  use 
of  a  set  of  standard  molds,  apparently  all  alike,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  adjust  the  amount  of  charge  for  each  mold.  Due 
to  the  unusual  flow  characteristics  of  the  material  and  the 
peculiar  way  heat  diffuses  through  it,  there  is  as  much  as 
a  5  per  cent  variation  in  the  amount  of  material  which 
must  be  fed  to  the  various  molds. 

At  first,  the  company  compressed  the  powder  into  pre- 
forms, but  it  soon  learned  that  this  procedure  required 
more  material  and  higher  pressures  than  did  the  use  of 
straight  powder.  Further,  the  material  played  havoc  with 

oo  MAY 


the     pre-forming     equipment     used     in     this     operation. 

The  molder  had  also  to  supplement  the  basic  researches 
which  had  been  made  on  a  pilot  scale,  in  order  to  work 
out  the  precise  conditions  for  achieving  the  best  results 
on  a  mass  production  scale.  It  was  found  that  variations 
in  pressure,  temperature  and  the  molding  cycle  had  a 
marked  effect  on  the  dimensions  and  physical  properties 
of  the  bullet.  With  a  fluctuation  of  press  pressure,  varia- 
tions of  as  much  as  .0005"  in  the  diameter  of  the  bullet 
resulted.  The  significance  of  this  magnitude  of  variation 
can  be  assayed  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  bullet's  total 
diameter  tolerance  is  only  .002".  (Incidentally,  Richard 
O.  A.  Peterson,  vice-president  and  operations  manager  of 
Universal  Plastics  Corporation,  points  out  that,  as  a  result 
of  this  work  on  the  frangible  bullet,  molders  who  want  to 
attain  peak  efficiency  post-war  are  going  to  pay  a  good 
deal  more  attention  to  this  question  of  cycle  uniformity.) 

In  the  relatively  short  time  in  which  the  process  has  been 
used,  notable  improvements  have  been  made.  In  the  begin- 
ning 65%  of  the  charge  turned  up  in  the  culls.  Now  the 
ratio  has  been  reversed.  The  rest  is  not  all  wasted,  however. 
for  approximately  85%  of  the  lead  can  be  recovered  from 
the  culls,  and  turned  back  for  re-use  in  the  mix. 

Improvements  have  been  made  in  the  molds  also.  The 
standard  design,  used  by  all  the  molders  who  are  making 
the  frangible  bullet,  was  worked  out  by  the  Newark  Die 
Company,  with  the  Columbia  Engineering  Company  turn- 
ing out  the  greatest  number  of  molds.  The  latest  models 
incorporate  improvements  in  design  suggested  by  the  Pal 
Tool  Company  which  greatly  reduce  the  cull  and  make  pos- 
sible the  production  of  twice  as  many  bullets  per  pound 
of  material  as  came  from  the  first  molds. 

At  the  Woodruff  Company,  the  Lauterbach  process  has 
been  adapted  to  the  production  of  the  bullet.  There,  a 
continuous  rotary  press  is  used.  It  has  20  stations,  with  a 
five-cavity  die  at  each  station. 

Universal  Plastics  has  made  use  of  the  original  Newark 
Die  Company  molds  and  subsequent  improvements.  At 
first  it  used  61-cavity  molds;  now  it  is  employing  molds 
with  91  cavities.  In  all,  the  company  built  21  molds  and 
rebuilt  7,  making  a  total  of  28  molds  in  effective  use. 

One  of  the  neatest  tricks  in  the  production  of  the  molds 

Gage  used  to  check  the  outside  diameter  of  slugs 


lereVSometjpg 

r    ^ 


a  Red  Head ! 


Ring  mounting*,  made  of  high  impact 
material.  Rejections  averaged  30%  with 
conventional  molding.  When  preforms 
were  heated  with  Thermex  RED  HEAD 
model  185X  rejections  averaged  only 
1056  and  (he  production  rate  immediately 
climbed  100%.  Savings  in  scrap  and  in- 
creased output  totalled  $252  daily  per  unit. 


Preparatory  to  molding  distributor  caps, 
operator  removes  uniformly  plasticized 
preforms,  3  OD  by  '•,  thick,  from  28X0 
Thermex  unit.  High  Frequency  Heat  went 
on  when  he  closed  the  drawer,  stopped 
when  required  temperature  was  reached. 
He  has  no  manual  tuning  to  do— nut  even 
•  starter  button  to  push. 

MAY  1945 


There's  something  about  a  Red  Head— especially  when  it  comes  to 
speeding  up  plastics  production.  For  most  molding  operations, 
one  of  those  red-topped  Thermex  high  frequency  heating  units  will 
double  the  output  by  cutting  down  molding  time  cycles  at  least  50%. 
The  material  is  properly  preheated  and  plasticized  usually  in  sec- 
onds. Because  Thermex  high  frequency  energy  heats  uniformly, 
throughout  the  mass  of  the  material,  there  also  is  a  marked  reduc- 
tion in  the  number  of  flaws  and  consequent  rejects.  Mail  the  coupon. 


A  BIRDLER   PRODUCT 


THE  GIRDLER  CORPORATION,  Dcpt.  PM-5,  Thermex  Division.  Louisville  1.  Ky. 
Please  send  performance  and  application  data  about  the  complete  line  of  Thermex 
RED  HEADS. 


Name 

Firm  Name  and  Addrtu . 


I •  I  . I  STICS 


39 


Frangible  bullets  withstand  impact  from  60°.  but  not  90° 


is  the  task  of  plating  them  with  chromium.  This  has 
been  found  to  be  absolutely  essential  to  prevent  sticking  of 
the  material.  The  process  for  doing  this  effectively — for 
plating  every  cavity  and  the  transfer  pot  as  well — was 
worked  out  by  the  Newark  Industrial  Hard  Chrome  Com- 
pany. 

The  bullets  go  through  several   testing  and  inspecting 
procedures.    A  Go-No  Go  gage  tests  them  for  trueness  of 


diameter.  On  a  device  especially  designed  by  Universal, 
they  are  examined  for  surface  and  point  imperfections. 
In  this  clever  fixture,  the  bullets  come  rolling  along  on  a 
belt  to  the  inspector,  who  views  them  through  a  magnify- 
ing glass.  Encountering  a  diagonal  bar,  the  bullets  are 
gently  rotated,  so  that  the  inspector  sees  them  all  around. 
Rejects  are  placed  in  a  compartment  from  which  they  are 
automatically  moved  into  a  discard  container. 

Once  every  hour,  a  batch  of  bullets  is  taken  from  each 
mold  for  the  tips  to  be  tested  on  an  impact  machine.  They 
are  considered  satisfactory  if  the  points  hold  up  when  the 
load  is  dropped  from  the  60°  angle  and  break  at  90°.  To 
make  sure  of  the  identification  of  the  cavity  which  is  re- 
sponsible for  an  imperfect  bullet  a  chart  bearing  a  num- 
ber for  each  cavity  is  used  as  a  guide. 

Another  useful  test  is  that  which  checks  the  nose  of  the 
bullet  for  correct  angle.  This  is  done  with  the  aid  of  a 
profile  or  ogive  gage.  Although  a  bullet  defective  in  pro- 
file would  also  have  other  defects  which  would  be  quite 
apparent,  the  gage  is  a  supplementary  means  of  detecting 
it. 

New  Machine  Sizes,  Wraps 

The  company  has  also  developed  a  machine  which  will 
size  and  package  the  slugs  automatically,  thus  speeding 
up  shipment.  This  machine  is  expected  to  be  set  up  shortly. 

Reference  was  made  before  to  the  studies  made  on  the 
health  hazards  incidental  to  working  with  lead.  At  Uni- 
versal Plastics,  an  elaborate  system  of  precautions  for 
safeguarding  the  health  of  the  workers  has  been  instituted. 
Workers  are  given  a  medical  examination  every  month. 
They  are  provided  a  quart  of  milk  every  day,  together 
with  special  tooth-paste,  nail  brushes,  soap,  hand  lotions, 
and  a  change  of  coveralls  several  times  a  week.  No  case 
of  lead  poisoning  has  been  discovered  among  the  workers. 

Not  the  least  interesting  factor  in  this  job  is  the  speed 
with  which  the  production  program  was  put  into  effect. 
Only  a  month  after  Universal  had  submitted  its  bid  to  Ord- 
nance, it  was  in  production.  Cooperation  between  all  the 
agencies  and  companies  involved  has  also  been  remark- 
able. 

The  story  of  the  plastics  bullet  does  not  end  here.  There 
are  signs  that  there  will  be  an  interesting  new  chapter 
post-war  when  it  may  be  used  for  target  practice,  skeet 
shooting  and  even  in  hunting  small  game.  END 


The  61  slugs  are  inspected  while  in  master  pattern  board  An  ogive  gage  checks  the  slug  point  for  correct  contour 

40  PLASTICS  MAY  1945 


•  or  a  quarter  of  a  century, 

Emeloid  has  steadily  widened 
the  scope  and  range  of  its  many  plastic  services 
until  today,  in  one  of  America's  most 

completely  equipped  plastics  plants,  we  offer  a 
variety  of  skills  and  facilities  that  combine  to  produce  parts 
or  products  .  .  .  better,  faster,  more  economically. 

An  Emeloid  25th  Anniversary  blotter  pad — attractively 
lithographed  in  color  and  embossed — will  gladly  be  tent  on  request. 


MAY  194;-) 


THE    EMELOID    CO.,   INC.  Arlington,  N.  J. 


i*  f,  .t  .«*  T  i  r 


41 


WHY  TRANSFER  MOLDING  IS  ECONOMICAL- 


Among  the  reasons  why  transfer  molding 
achieves  greater  economy  is  the  fact  that  this 
process  makes  fullest  use  of  all  the  advan- 
tages of  high  frequency  preheating.  The 
combination  of  high  frequency  preheating 
and  transfer  molding  results  in  an  increase 
of  molding  production  speeds  of  as  much 
as  several  hundred  percent. 

For,  even  without  high  frequency  preheat- 
ing, transfer  molding  of  phenolics,  ureas  and 
melamines  is  efficient.  In  contrast  with  older 
molding  methods,  the  t  her  most- tt  ing  com- 
pound is  changed  to  its  plastic  state  in  a 
chamber  connected  with  a  closed  mold, rather 
than  in  the  mold  itself.  The  plasticized  com- 
pound then  flows  under  pressure  from  the 
chamber  into  the  mold,  which  may  have 
many  cavities.  After  "curing,"  the  mold  is 
opened  for  ready  removal  of  parts. 

When  older  methods  are  used  in  combi- 
nation with  high  frequency  preheating,  the 
operator  must  work  back  and  forth  from  the 
preheater  to  the  mold,  with  a  preform  for 
every  cavity.  When  transfer  molding  is  com- 
bined with  high  frequency  preheating,  the 
operator  can  load  a  single  charge  per  press 
operation. 

Typical  of  the  pieces  which  can  be  pro- 
duced more  speedily  with  transfer  molding 
is  the  block  at  right,  approximately  9^4" 
long. 


SHAW  INSULATOR  COMPANY 

180  COIT  STREET,      if      IRVINGTON  11,  NEW  JERSEY 


There  are  licensed  transfer  molders  near  you.  A 
list  of  them,  a  bulletin  on  "Why  Transfer  Molding 
Gives  Fine  Inserts",  and  reprints  of  technical  articles 
by  Shaw  engineers  will  be  mailed  on  request. 

Between  the  resources  of  Plax  Corporation,  Hart- 
ford 5,  Conn.,  and  those  of  Shaw— which  have  been 
growing  since  1892— you  will  be  able  to  obtain  ad- 
vanced help  in  the  application  to  your  specific  needs 
of  a  broad  range  of  plastic  materials  and  processes. 

For  informed  help  with  your  product  problems,  and 
for  the  names  of  licensed  transfer  molders  near  you 
.  .  .  write  Shaw. 


42 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


DATA  ON  PLAX  POLYETHYLENE  PRODUCTS 


Several  bulletins  on  Plax  polystyrene  products  and 
how  to  machine  them. 

Data  on  Plax  cellulose  acetate,  cellulose  acetate 
butyrote,  and  methacrylate  products. 

An  article  on  Plax's  blov/n  products. 

Ethyl  Cellulose  anij  styramic  are  among  the  other 
materials  offered  by  Plax  in  various  forms.  In  coopera- 
tion with  the  Shaw  Insulator  Company,  Irvington  11, 
N.  J.,  Plax  can  give  you  help  covering  nearly  all 
plastic  materials  and  methods.  For  such  help,  or  for 
any  of  the  literature  listed  above  .  .  .  write  Plax. 


Polyethylene  is  supplied  by  Plax  in  film,  slab, 
rod,  tube,  fiber  and  blown  wire  forms,  in  a  wide 
range  of  sizes  and  in  all  colors,  from  clear  to 
pearlescent.  The  unusual  characteristics  of  this 
material  are  as  follows: 

MECHANICAL 

Elongation,  77°  F,%  30.5OO 

Tensile  Strength,  p.i.i.  (-70».  77*.  170«F) 

50OO:  1700:  7OO 

Modulus  of  Elasticity  in  Tension,  p.i.i. «  10'       .146 
Flexural  Strength,  p.s.i.  1700 

Rockwell  Hardness  1 JR 

Impact  Strength,  ft.  Ibs.  per  in.  of  notch; 

'/i"x  '/2~  notched  bar  I  rod  tests,  4  ft.-lb. 

machine,  room  temperature  Does  not  break 

Water  Absorption,  24  hrs.,  %  0.01 

Specific  Gravity  •     .92 

ELECTRICAL 

Volume  Resistivity,  ohm,  cms. 

(50%  rel.  hum.  at  25°C) 
Dielectric  Strength,  short-time 

volts  per  mil,  '/a  in.  thick 
Frequency  Dielectric  Constant 

60  2.3-2.4 

10»  2.3 

10«  2.3 

THERMAL 

Distortion  Temperature,  "F  122 

Softening  Point,  °F  219-239 

Specific  Heat,  cal.  per  °C  per  gram  0.5 
Burning  Rate                          Ignites  and  burns  slowly 

Thermal  Expansion.  10-''  per  °C  10.5 
Thermal  Conductivity,  10-*  cal.  par  I 

per  sq.  cm/1  °C  per  cm.  7 


CHEMICAL   EFFECTS 


ION 

Power  Factor 
.OOOJ..OOOS 
.0002..000S 
.0002-.0005 


Weak  Acids 
Strong  Acids 
Weak  Alkalis 
Strong  Alkalis 
Alcohols 
Esten 
Ketones 
Hydrocarbons 

The  outstanding  electrical  properties,  toughness 
and  resistance  to  moisture  of  Plax  polyethylene 
products  adapt  them  to  a  vast  range  of  ut*s. 
For  data  on  sixes  and  adaptability  to  specific 
applications,  write  Plax. 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


43 


/or  the  asking- 


President,  The  Emeloid  Company 


To  Make  the  Most  of  Your  Product,  Let  the  Fabricator 
Or  Molder  Contribute  His  Valuable  Experience  Not  Only 
In  Manu/actnrinff,  But  Also  in  Design  and  Development 


TOP  SIRLOM 

ROAST 


How  adjustability  was  designed  Into  plastics  price  ticket  holders 


THOSE  who  are  designing  their  products  to  incorpo- 
rate plastics,  or  are  planning  to  do  so,  are  often  un- 
aware of  just  what  the  various  plastics  processors  can 
do  for  them.  They  hear  of  molders,  fabricators  and  lami- 
nators,  but  are  not  clear  as  to  the  kind  of  job  each  of  them 
does.  Even  if  they  are,  they  still  do  not  realize  the  amount 
of  service  available  to  them.  They  believe  plastics  producers 
to  be  simply  manufacturers,  making  a  product  exactly  as 
it  is  handed  to  them  in  blue-print  or  other  form.  This 
article  will  endeavor  to  give  present  and  potential  end-users 
of  plastics  a  few  examples  of  the  service  the  skilled  fabri- 
cator and  molder  can  offer  them  beyond  routine  manufac- 
turing processes. 

Perhaps  the  best  way  to  illustrate  this  is  to  cite  case 
histories  from  the  experience  of  the  author's  own  company. 
Here  is  an  instance  of  how  the  firm  helped  a  customer  with 
whom  it  had  been  doing  business  for  20  years  and  who 
still  had  not  realized  that  he  was  not  taking  full  advantage 
of  its  fabricating  knowledge.  For  this  customer,  we  had 
been  making  printed  laminated  price  tickets  for  butchers 
and  meat  stores.  Although  he  had  no  complaint  about 
them,  he  was  not  satisfied  with  the  ticket  holder  that  was 
in  use.  We  asked  him  to  bring  in  samples  of  all  the  differ- 
ent price  ticket  holders  that  were  on  the  market.  After 
studying  them,  we  developed  a  new  holder  for  him. 

His  grievance  had  been  that  he  had  to  have  a  very  large 
stock  of  holders  on  hand  for  each  kind  of  commodity  that 
was  to  be  labeled  and  priced.  We  therefore  decided  to 
design  a  universal  holder  that  would  be  suitable  for  every 
type  of  commodity.  As  the  illustration  shows,  this  holder 
was  a  rectangular  piece  of  sheet  plastics,  originally  cellulose 
nitrate,  about  3"  X  4".  It  was  formed  with  slotted  bosses 
so  that  a  descriptive  plate  (e.g.,  Corned  Beef)  could  be 
inserted  at  the  top,  the  price  (consisting  of  individually- 
inserted  numbers)  underneath;  and  the  quantity  "Ibs." 
"piece,"  etc — as  a  separate  unit  alongside  the  price.  It 
is  obvious  that  the  same  holder  could  set  forth  "Eggs, 
40<  doz"  or  "Cauliflower.  20*  per  head."  Thus  it  was  a 
universal  price  ticket  holder. 

With  the  fabricating  knowledge  of  what  can  be  done  in 


The  many  applications  found  by  the  fabricator  for  a  large  sup- 
ply of  four-leaf  clovers  to  which  one  of  its  clients  had  access 


44 


MAY  1945 


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to  Attract."  It's  filled  to  overflowing  with  new  packaging  ideas  for  the  post-war  period. 


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and  you  have  the  right  combination  (or 
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THE    HINDE   &  DAUCH    PAPER    COMPANY.    4575    DECATUR    STREET.    SANDUSKY.    OHIO 

'  •  <  I  •  r  I  •  i     lii      BALTIMORE     •     BOSTON     •     B  U  f  F  A  I  O    •    CHICAGO    •    ClEVflANO    •    DETROIT    •    OlOUCESTfl.    N.    J. 
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MAY  194.-> 


1*1.  .\STtCfi 


4.-, 


I    First  step  in  Emeloid's  production  of  a  plastics  ruler  is 
lithographing  calibrations  on  an  opaque  sheet  of  vinyl 


forming  sheet  stock,  the  company  was  able  to  give  this 
customer  something  beyond  his  expectations. 

Early  this  year  the  firm  developed  a  calculating  chart, 
used  in  aerial  navigation,  for  a  large  company.  Subse- 
quently two  of  their  engineers  asked  to  have  it  modified. 
They  wanted  to  supply  five  additional,  removable  discs 
which  could  be  detached  by  the  navigator  while  his  fingers 
were  encased  in  thick  mittens,  for  he  had  to  use  the  charts 
in  flight  at  high  altitudes. 

The  use  of  screws  and  nuts  was  impossible  under  the 
circumstances.  Snap  buttons  were  out  of  the  question,  too. 
Any  small  parts  that  might  have  to  be  held  in  the  fingers 
could  not  be  used  because  it  was  obvious  that  heavily-gloved 
fingers  would  not  be  able  to  handle  them.  The  final  solu- 
tion was  developed  at  that  very  first  meeting,  when  one  of 
our  men  suggested  a  spring  grip,  rotatable  on  a  fixed  pin. 
Spring  grips  can  be  pushed  to  one  side  by  a  heavily  gloved 
finger,  and  pushed  back  again  without  any  trouble. 

Another  instance  was  the  development  of  a  container  to 
hold  a  four-leaf  clover,  which  was  attached  to  a  key  chain. 
Our  client  had  access  to  a  large  source  of  the  leaves — the 
real  thing,  not  imitation — and  he  wanted  to  capitalize  on 
their  novelty  appeal.  But  he  had  no  idea  of  how  plastics 
materials  could  be  used  for  the  purpose.  We  designed  a 
container  of  transparent  cellulose  acetate,  injection  molded. 
The  clover  was  inserted  in  a  depression  and  held  in  place 
by  a  patented  method  of  gripping. 

Large  quantities  of  the  clovers  were  mounted  on  printed 
paper  discs.  The  disc  was  imprinted  "Genuine  Four-leaf 
Clover — Good  Luck  Charm"  on  the  side  on  which  the  clover 
was  mounted.  The  reverse  side  contained  an  advertising 
message.  The  paper  disc  with  clover  attached  was  pro- 
tected by  a  transparent  plastics  disc. 

Sometimes  a  fabricator  is  satisfied  if  his  customer  is  sat- 
isfied. We  believe  that  an  ambitious  fabricator  should  size 
up  a  customer  and,  if  the  latter  has  the  facilities  for  selling, 
try  to  think  of  items  he  might  be  able  to  add  to  his  line. 
In  one  case  the  company  took  one  of  its  very  old  numbers, 
a  letter  opener,  and  showed  the  customer  how  his  clover 
would  look  very  well  in  it.  Only  a  few  days  after  he  was 
presented  with  finished  samples,  he  booked  some  very  sub- 
stantial orders  on  this  item.  We  also  designed  a  money- 
clip  into  which  the  four-leaf  clover  was  mounted ;  and  are 
now  working  on  a  month-at-a-glance  calendar,  for  use  on 
the  desk  or  at  home,  into  which  the  clover  will  be  mounted. 

The  problem  of  producing  in  plastics  an  item  that  has 
been  made  in  another  material  is  one  that  comes  up  con- 
stantly in  the  trade.  Like  every  reputable  processor,  we 


2    After  it  has  been  lithographed,  the  opaque  layer  is  then 
laminated  between  two  transparent  layers  of  sheet  vinyl 


As  it  emerges  from  the  hydraulic  laminating  press,  the 
sheet  has  nine  rulers,  which  are  cut  out  by  rotary  saw 


never  encourage  this  when  the  item  can  be  more  properly 
produced  in  the  original  medium  than  in  plastics.  But 
when  a  plastics  would  be  more  suitable  we  give  the  product 
a  thorough  going  over  and  re-design  it  when  necessary. 

For  example,  we  had  an  inquiry  as  to  whether  we  could 
make  up  a  hydrometer,  an  instrument  which  measures  the 
specific  gravity  of  liquids,  this  one  being  intended  spe- 
cifically for  testing  anti-freeze  solutions.  Along  with  the 
inquiry  came  three  samples  of  the  conventional  glass  hy- 
drometer— and  two  of  them  were  broken.  This  was  already 
a  good  argument  for  making  the  instrument  in  plastics ! 
But  we  also  discovered  other  production  weaknesses  in  the 
blown  glass  hydrometer.  For  one  thing,  no  two  are 
exactly  alike,  so  that  each  one  has  to  be  calibrated.  This 
is  done  by  adding  very  small  lead  shot  as  weights — a  labori- 
ous hand  process;  after  which  the  instrument  is  sealed. 
It  occurred  to  us  that  if  the  hydrometers  were  injection 
molded,  all  of  them  would  weigh  the  same.  Therefore  a 
pre-determined  weight  could  be  set  into  the  bottom  of  the 
device,  and  there  would  be  no  need  for  lead  shot. 


46 


PLASTiCS 


MAY  1945 


It  is  obvious  that  the  production  of  glass  hydrometers 
depends  on  skilled  glass  blowers.  In  injection  molding,  the 

lion  is  a  24-hr  one  and  no  skills  are  required. 
Recently  a  company  manufacturing  fishing  lures  sent  us 
a  wooden  device  upon  which  a  hand  line  is  wound.    This  is 
made  by  taking  two  wooden  rods  about  y\"  in  diameter 
and  about  6"  long,  and  joining  them  like  a  ladder  with  two 
rungs,  one  on  each  end  of  the  wooden  rod.     This  design 
a*  necessary  only  because  the  device  was  assembled  with 
•  •n  dnwcK.    Instead  of  going  ahead  on  the  item  "as  is," 
mtacted  the  customer  and  wanted  to  know  if  he  in- 
on  this  particular  form.     His  answer  was,  'Tlcase 
-ign  it  so  that  the  item  will  suit  the  purpose  and  look 
as  attractive  as  possible." 

Instead  of  being  round  and  thick,  these  will  In-  flatter  in 
the  cross  section  so  that  less  material  is  necessary.  It  will 
al-<>  be  possible  to  have  this  manufacturer's  trade  mark 
in  raised  letters  on  one  of  the  flattened  sides,  whereas  he 
had  no  identification  before.  Someone  has  even  suggested 
a  hole  at  one  end  so  that  a  cord  can  be  tied  to  the  fisher- 
man's belt  or  secured  to  some  other  fixed  object  to  prevent 


Each  ruler  is  then  "faced  off" — an  operation  in  which  it 
is  trimmed  to  exact  size  and  all  edges  machined  smooth 


The    thick    top    transparent    layer    of    vinyl    provides 
sufficient  depth  to  machine  two  beveled  edges  at  45° 


tne  wnoie  contraption  irom  flying  overboard  in  the  excite- 
ment of  a  strike. 

The  final  product  ready  for  sale  will  look  Ix-tter  in  color- 
ful plastics,  and  therefore  it--  sales  appeal  will  IK-  enhanced. 
It  will  therefore  command  a  higher  price  and  no  doubt 
have  a  higher  sales  volume,  which  will  offset  its  somewhat 
higher  cost  of  production.  The  higher  price  is  also  more 
than  offset  by  the  greater  durability  of  the  plastics  item 
over  the  wooden  one,  in  which  any  or  all  of  the  four 
separate  pieces  glued  together  may  become  detached  and 
thus  absolutely  end  the  usefulness  of  the  product. 

The  customer  was  evidently  impressed  by  this  desire  to 
think  the-  problem  through  with  him,  l>ecause  he  has  sent 
along  a  half  dozen  wooden  fishing  lures  for  adaptation  to 
plastics. 

In  plastics  fabrication  a  great  many  proce-ses  are  called 
into  play.  A  man  may  IK-  an  expert  molder  but  may  know 
very  little  about  printing,  forming,  die  cutting,  stamping, 
beveling,  assembling,  hydraulic  press  or  thin-sheet  laminat- 
ing by  the  roller  process,  etc.  It  may  not  be  possible  or 
feasible  for  him  to  set  up  all  of  these  operations  in  his  own 
plant.  In  that  case,  he  ought  to  make  it  his  business  to 
have  close  relations  with  processors  or  fabricators  who  can 
perform  operations  that  he  does  not  have  facilities  for  in 
his  own  plant. 

It  is  by  means  of  such  combined  operations  that  a  fabri- 
cator can  furnish  his  customer  with  the  greitest  amount  of 
service. 

For  example,  the  Navy  was  using  a  heavy  aluminum 
ruler  32"  long.  When  this  metal  became  very  critical,  it 
was  necessary  to  replace  it.  The  only  substitute  that  came 
to  mind  was  a  plastics,  and  we  were  able  to  produce  such 
a  ruler,  requiring  extreme  accuracy,  by  the  combined  op- 
erations of  lithographing,  lamination,  beveling  and  routing. 
Far  from  being  a  mere  substitute,  the  final  product,  be- 
cau-i  of  its  flexibility  was  considered  superior  to  the  rigid 
aluminum  ruler  previously  used.  It  is  more  readable,  as 
a  result  of  the  use  of  red  and  blue  ink  on  a  white  back- 
ground: and  is  lighter — the  aluminum  ruler,  %"  thick, 
weighed  1  Ib,  7  oz;  the  plastics  ruler,  0.120"  thick, 
weighed  6  oz. 

The  material  used  was  a  vinyl.  Colored  lithographing 
was  done  on  a  thin  sheet  of  white  opaque  material  and  then 
laminated  between  a  thin  sheet  of  transparent  on  the  under 
side  and  a  heavy  sheet  of  transparent  on  the  upper  side  to 
provide  sufficient  thickness  for  a  45°  bevel. 

The  plastics  ruler  was  also  produced  at  a   tremendous 
reduction   in  the  cost.     The  aluminum  product  formerly 
cost  about  $30,  as  against  $4  for  the  plastics  ruler. 
(Continued  on  f>ti(jc  144) 

6    The  final  step  involves  ashing  and  buffing  operations, 
which  produce  highly-polished  surfaces  on  the  rulers 


The  great  light-gathering 
power  ol  the  new  system 
is  illustrated  by  this  set- 
up, in  which  a  bright 
image  of  a  skyline,  shown 
inverted  in  the  center 
lens,  is  undestroyed  even 
by  daylight  illumination 
in  area  of  the  receiver 


Acrylics'  Optical   Quality  Permits 
Large-Screen  Television  in  Homes 


BETTER  HOME  TELEVISION 


Spherical  Mirror 


THE  size,  brilliance,  clarity  and  steadiness  of  images 
reproduced  by   the  latest  model   RCA  Victor  large- 
screen  home  television  receivers  are  made  possible  by  four 
major  technical  developments — two  of  them  involving  plas- 
tics— recently  demonstrated  in  Radio  City,  New  York. 

The  size  of  the  projected  image  on  the  advance  model 
demonstrated  was  21%"xl6".    The  four  developments  are: 

(1)  A  reflective  optical  system,  incorporating  an  aspher- 
ical  acrylic  lens,  that  collects  from  the  image  on  the  re- 
ceiving tube  and  projects  onto  the  viewing  screen  six  times 
more  light  than  the  conventional  f/2  glass  movie  projec- 
tion lens  and  without  loss  in  the  quality  of  the  image. 

(2)  A  translucent  acrylic  viewing  screen  built  in  the  re- 
ceiver with  molded  surfaces  designed  for  even  distribution 
of  light  over  the  area  of  the  screen  and  distribution  of 
transmitted  light  within  the  normal  viewing  angle. 

(3)  An  automatic   frequency  control  which  eliminates 
picture  distortion. 

(4)  A  new  high  voltage  cathode  ray  tube  yielding  an 
initial  brilliant  image  on  the  face  of  the  tube. 

Life-size  reproduction  of  the  images  is  possible  because 
of  a  special  optical  system  developed  by  loury  Maloff  and 
David  Epstein  of  RCA.  The  optical  system  consists  of  a 
bowl-shaped  mirror  and  the  molded  acrylic  lens.  The 
cathode  ray  receiving  tube  is  mounted  face  downward  in 
(Continued  on  page  114) 


This  optical  system  was  developed  by  RCA,  using  acrylics  in  cor- 
recting lens  and  21M)xl6"  viewing  screen,  fo  achieve  bright, 
high-definition  images  needed  for  large-screen  home  reception 


48 


PLASTMCS 


MAY  1945 


ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


I..  .  MATERIALS 


FORMRTTE  compounds  "M"  "E."  "R"— nonpriority  materials  which 
can  be  compounded  In  many  colors  for  a  wide  variety  of  uses. 


/...TOOLING    •  •  •  •   F°r  temporary,  production,  duplicate  production  tooling,  for  experi- 
mental design  models,  cast  plastic  tools  can  be  used  profitably  when 
applied  properly. 
.  .  .  Our  service  can  be  obtained  in  two  ways 

(a)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  us 

(b)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  yourself  with  our  material  and  as- 
sistance 

.  .  .  Tool  applications  Include:  Drill  jigs,  Keller  Models,  routing  fix- 
tures, assembly  and  checking  fixtures,  patterns,  molds,  form  blocks, 
mandrels  for  forming  plastics,  laminates  and  plywoods. 

3  ...  PRODUCTION  *  •  •  (a)  CASTINGS  . .  .  small  or  large,  simple  or  intricate  .  .  .  using  phe- 
nolic resins,  plaster,  Lucite,  Formrite  and  other  casting  materials  as 
prescribed . . . 

.  . .  using  a  variety  of  mold  materials  such  as  plaster,  rubber,  gela- 
tine, wax,  sample  parts  or  models  as  required  . .  . 

.  .  .  for  Industry,  Scientific  and  Medical  Reproductions,  Art  Work 
and  Advertising  Displays  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions. 

(b)  RUBBER  .  .  .  facilities  available  for  processing  synthetic  and  nat- 
ural rubber  by  the  dip,  cast  and  other  methods. 

(c)  Miscellaneous  production  items  using  latest  forming,  fabricating, 
assembly  and  manufacturing  processes. 


4.  ..EXPERIMENTAL 
DEVELOPMENT. . . 


.  .  .  Our  laboratories  are  available  for  the  development  of  your  ex- 
perimental or  production  problems  utilizing  our  diversified  experience 
design,  sculpture,  art  work,  preparation  and  reproduction  of 


in 


original  models,  plaster  work,  tooling  techniques,  mold  making,  sub- 
stitution of  materials,  product  and  process  development  .  .  .  For  In- 
dustrial, Scientific  and  Commercial  items  .  .  .  Problems  on  unusual 
and  difficult  Jobs  are  our  specialty. 


.LET   US  WORK   ON   YOUR  PROBLEM... 


G&tiact 
ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


3322   57  Str..t 
Woodtld..  L.  L.  H.  Y. 
HArem.y.r  9 -3262 


101  Park  Ar.nue 
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u        anfora  cJLevine 

PLASTICS   Editorial   Assistant 


The  sealing  characteristic  of  a  nylon  screen  may  be 
shown  by  puncturing  it  with  an  object.  Note  that  the 
fibres  are  not  ruptured,  but  have  been  displaced.  The 
screen  may  be  smoothed  out  easily  with  the  fingars 


ADD  to  your  list  of  outstanding  wartime  developments 
a  type  of  window  screening  which  can  be  rolled  up 
and  pulled  down  like  a  shade,  which  can  be  punctured  by  a 
pencil  and  afterwards  exhibit  no  traces  of  a  hole;  in  addi- 
tion is  fungi-,  moisture-,  and  chemical-resistant  and  weighs 
l/7th  as  much  as  its  pre-war  metal  counterpart ! 

Although  \vc  on  the  home  front  may  not  be  familiar  with 
such  screening  as  this,  it  is  a  commonplace  object  to  mil- 
lions of  servicemen  overseas.  Shelters  in  the  South  Pacific 
and  complete  tents  in  Africa  are  made  of  it.  Some  80,- 
000,000  sq  ft  we  T  PI.  nufactured  last  year,  all  for  military 
purposes  abroad.  It  is  in  such  great  demand  that  the 
manufacturers  were  not  even  able  to  fill  military  needs 
here  in  continental  United  States!  This  new  achievement 
is  another  wartime  development  of  plastics  which  will  add 
to  the  comfort  of  post-war  living. 

Vinylidene  chloride  is  the  plastics  most  commonly  used 
at  present,  but  a  process  has  been  patented  which  makes 
possible  the  use  of  any  plastics  material  (especially  nylon). 
The  feature  of  this  process — patented  by  Harry  VV.  Thomas 
of  the  Radio  Patents  Corp.,  New  York — is  the  insertion  of 
a  crimp  in  the  plastics  filament.  But  no  matter  what  plas- 
tics is  chosen  as  the  starting  material,  it  presents  certain 
important  advantages  over  metal  screens,  which  most  com- 
monly contain  a  mixture  of  90%  copper  and  10%  /inc. 
although  galvanized  iron  wire  screens  are  used  to  a  lesser 
extent. 

Most  striking  of  the  advantages  is  the  fact  that  when 
the  screen  fibres  arc  pushed  out  of  position — for  example, 
by  a  pencil  thrust — it  is  possible  to  rework  them  into  their 
original  position  simply  by  passing  the  fingers  over  the 
fibres  in  the  region  of  the  hole.  Another  advantage  is  that 
the  fibres  may  be  dyed  in  attractive  colors.  It  is  not  at 
all  improbable  that  in  the  future  housewives  will  select 
screens  as  carefully  as  they  now  do  other  decorative  house 
furnishings,  such  as  curtains,  draperies  and  rugs.  In  ad- 
dition, there  is  no  sagging  "belly"  or  permanent  indenta- 
tion with  a  plastics  screen;  it  remains  even  and  uniform 
under  all  normal  conditions  of  wear. 

Because  its  filaments  are  pliable,  resilient  and  light  in 
weight,  the  plastics  screen  can  be  attached  to  a  spring  roller 
and  operated  in  exactly  the  same  fashion  as  an  ordinary 
window  shade.  Although  metal  screens  that  work  like 
this  have  been  placed  on  the  market,  their  cost  is  ten  times 
the  predicted  cost  of  the  plastics  ones ;  moreover,  they  are 
especially  subject  to  permanent  set. 

Because  the  plastics  fibres  can  be  made  transparent  or 
translucent,  a  screen  woven  from  them  will  transmit  more 
light  than  a  metal  screen,  which  invariably  darkens  a  room. 

Anyone  owning  a  light-colored  Summer  house,  white  for 
example,  dreads  the  day  when  streaks  caused  by  a  mixture 
of  dirt  from  the  air  and  rust  from  metal  window  screens 
have  to  be  cleaned  from  the  outside  walls,  the  window 
sash  and  the  post  trimmings.  Also,  in  handling  the  metal 
screens  one  must  take  care  to  avoid  scratches  and  cuts 
from  loose  wire  ends.  These  difficulties  are  overcome  by 
installing  plastics  screens,  which  do  not  oxidize  or  present 
sharp  edges.  They  can  be  cleaned  with  water  from  a  hose. 

Another  chore  besides  washing  walls  that  house  owners 


50 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


in  Self-Sealing  Screens 

Now    Doing     Yeoman     Military    Service,     Plastics     Filaments     Will 
Provide  Tomorrow's  Homes  with  Light,  Rollable  Window  Screening 


bewail  is  lifting-  the  heavy  metal  screens  and  attaching 
them  to  the  windows.  In  contrast,  the  plastics  screens  arc 
lij;ht  and  can  be  enclosed  in  flexible  rubber  frames  which, 
in  addition  to  being  attached  to  rollers  like  a  window  shade, 
can  be  installed  by  zippers,  snaps,  or  by  being  affixed  to  the 
wood  molding. 

The  bonding  of  the  woven  plastics  screen  cloth  to  the 
rubber  frame  is  easily  accomplished  by  inserting  it  be- 
tween strips  of  natural  or  synthetic  rubber  whose  surfaces 
are  only  partly  vulcanized.  Pressing  down  over  the  strips 
with  a  heating  iron  completes  vulcanization  and  as  a  result 
bonds  the  screen  fibres  in  a  frame.  If  a  rubber  frame  is 
for  some  reason  undesirable,  various  liquid  glues  will  serve 
well  in  bonding  the  screen  cloth  to  whatever  material  is 
thought  more  suitable. 

Observers  in  the  South  and  tropical  areas  report  that  the 


plastics  screens  wear  ten  times  as  long  as  the  metal  ones 
— largely  because  of  their  resistance  to  fungi  and  humidity. 
Moreover,  tests  involving  exposure  to  a  salt  water  en- 
vironment show  that  although  no  appreciable  change  was 
apparent  in  the  plastics  screens  after  18  months,  the  metal 
screens  deteriorated  within  18  days. 

The  cost  picture  for  manufacturing  plastics  screens  is 
very  attractive.  Most  important  is  the  fact  that  no  special 
equipment  is  needed  for  weaving  the  plastics  fibres.  With 
slight  modifications,  the  looms  commonly  used  in  textile 
fabric  mills  will  serve  the  purpose.  The  only  metal  screen 
that  will  be  able  to  compete  on  a  cost  basis  with  the 
plastics  is  the  one  made  of  iron — and  iron  will  have  to 
remain  at  a  price  of  about  7<  a  pound.  The  reason  is  that 
— assuming  a  not  improbable  post-war  price  for  nylon  of 
(Continued  on  page  106) 


Colorhilnesa  is  the  keynote  of  plastic*  screens,  which  promise  to  brighten  many  a  structure  after   the  war.    These 
are   "Velon"   screens   made   by   Firestone   Industrial   Products    Company    from    vinyl  vinylidene    chloride    copolymer 


FROM  the  time  they  were  first  combine 
those  two  versatile  raw  materials — plasti: 
and  paper — have  complemented  each  other  a 
mirably,  yielding  improved  products  of  unusu 
quality  and  utility.  In  the  form  of  highly  dec 
rative  and  durable  packaging  and  ornament 
materials,  plastics-coated  papers  offer  industj 
a  means  of  boosting  sales  volume  by  enhancing 
the  appearance  and  extending  the  service  perk 
of  merchandising. 

Coating  not  only  lends  unusual  and  attract^ 
textures  and  design  to  papers,  but  also  improvj 
moisture- vapor   resistance,   which   inhibits   tl 
corrosion  of  metals  and  the  spoilage  of  fooffli 
Chief  decorative  applications  include  \vi; 
papers,  disposable  liquid  containers,  paste  con 
tainers,  greeting  cards  and  display  material 
Thanks  to  war  improvements,  these  papers  wij 
be  found  to  possess  sufficient  strength  to  perm 
their  application  for  many  purposes  to  whic 
they  have  been  hitherto  unsuited. 

The  history  of  this  development  begins  wit 
early  efforts  to  eliminate  the  common  deficierj 
cies  of  paper.  Formed  from  a  fibrous  eel1 
base  that  is  matted  together  and  felted  in  main: 
facture  to  interlock  the  fibres,  paper  providi 
an  ideal  material  for  many  applications,  pn 
vided  durability  is  not  a  requirement. 

However,  there  are  many  reasons  why  uri 
treated  paper  proves  unsatisfactory  in  certai 
cases.  It  tears  readily,  disintegrates  when  wet 
is  porous,  does  not  protect  moisture-scnsitiv 
materials,  and  is  difficult  to  keep  sanitary. 

The  paper  converter  has  therefore  attempts 
to    improve    the    properties    of    virgin    papa] 
through  the  use  of  resinous  sizings;  varnish 
oil   and  natural  resin  coatings,  and  wax  iml 
pregnations.     It  was  only  natural  that,  as  th 
importance   of    plastics    resins   became   recog 
nized,  they  should  be  tried  out  as  a  means  o( 
improving  the  quality  and  versatility  of  paper 
This   combination    was   so    successful   that  i  • 
found  immediate  acceptance. 

Actually,  the  treatment  of  papers  in  thij 
manner  may  be  said  to  have  begun  with  Egyp 
tian  papyrus,  the  exceptional  qualities  of  whicll 
were  probably  due,  in  part,  to  resinous 
pregnation  of  the  pulp  caused  by  chemicals  ii) 
the  waters  of  the  Nile.  Although  the  che 
today  can  create  the  type  of  resin  he  wants, 
is,  in  essence,  doing  only  the  same  thing 
was  accomplished  centuries  ago  by  other  means 

The  types  of  plastics-coated  papers  now  avail* 
able  are  prodigious,  and  they  can  be  divid 

One  important  coating  process  in- 
volves flood  coating  of  butyral  film 
to  lead  foil,  the  latter  itself  backed 
with  kraft  paper  for  added  strength 


Aohn  £5.   (^leavetana 


Vice-President  and  General  Manager 
Cleaveland   Laboratories  &  Mfg.  Co. 


with  Coated  Papers 

Special  Resin  Treatments  Convert  Paper  Into 
Material  oi  Striking  Beauty  and  Durability 


gem-rally  into  two  classes,  depending  on  their  end-use — 
cli'Ciirutive  and  protective.    While  the  early  use  of  natural 

with  paper  and  papyrus  was  strictly  utilitarian,  the 
fir>t  plastics  resins  were  applied  for  decorative  purposes. 
This  was  accomplished  by  the  coating  method,  as  illustrated 
by  the  introduction  of  artificial  leathers  several  decades 

Although  paper  was  tried,  it  was  later  discarded 
because  of  the  difficulty  of  coating  over  its  smooth  surface 
with  tin-  coating  machines  then  available,  and  because  of 
the  l>a-ic  weakness  of  felted  material  as  compared  with 
n.  Taper  converters  who  were  producing  flint  and 
friction  clay-casein  finishes  studied  pyroxylin,  but  could 
see  little  advantage  in  it  in  its  use  as  against  the  more 
traditional  materials.  Its  high  price,  together  with  the 
fire  and  explosion  hazards  involved  in  its  handling  and 

fir^t  seemed  to  offer  insurmountable  obstacles. 
Later,  the  efficiency  of  pyroxylin  as  a  bronzing  medium, 
known  widely  as  "banana  oil"  because  of  the  odor  of  the 
amyl  alcohol  solvent  used,  became  established.    In  the  late 


20's  and  early  30's  a  few  concerns  recognized  the  possi- 
bility of  making  imitatiop  gold  and  stiver  papers  that 
would  not  tarnish  or  smudge  when  wet. 

Prior  to  that  time  the  imitation  gold  and  silver  papers, 
produced  by  mixing  bronze  or  aluminum  powders  in  starch 
or  casein,  were  unstable  and  would  tarnish  quickly.  But  the 
vibrating  brush  and  varnish  roller  coating  machines  could 
not  be  used  because  of  the  rapidity  of  evaporation  of  the  sol- 
vents used. 

The  principle  of  the  reverse  roll  machine  was  then  worked 
out.  In  this  method  of  coating,  the  solution  is  applied  and 
metered  on  the  paper  by  rolls  running  counter  to  the  travel 
of  the  web.  The  film  is  then  applied  smoothly  without  the 
suction  flow  marks  prevalent  in  the  transfer  roll  varnish 
coating  machines. 

The  pyroxylin  gold  and  silver  papers  were  an  immediate 
success.  Large  quantities  were  sold  and  without  doubt  the 
production  of  this  paper  will  be  still  greater  after  the  war. 
(Continued  on  page  102) 


After  the  first  coating  of  resin  has  been  applied  to  paper  or  cloth  (the  latter  is  illustrated  here),  some  fibres  must  still 
be  smoothed  down.  To  do  this,   the  material  is  friction -calendered  between  rollers;  then  another  coat  is  applied 


This  Part-by-Part  Analysis  of 
The  Shoe  Indicates  Many 
Immediate  Usages  for  Plastics 


A  PREVIOUS  article,  (See  "Can  Plastics  Meet  Foot- 
wear Needs?";  PLASTICS,  February,  1945)  discussed 
some  of  the  general  problems  confronting  plastics  and  their 
n  footwear.     That  article  was  concerned  chiefly  with 
the  obstacles  plastics  had  to  overcome  before  they  were 
ready  to  compete  with  leather.     Here,  however,  we  will 
show  how  and  where  plastics  can  fit  into  the  shoe  picture 


Many  plastics  men  seem  to  be  making  a  common  error. 
They  are  concentrating  their  efforts  on  the  all-plastics  shoe, 
something  that  probably  can't  and  won't  become  a  reality 
For  some  time. 

First,  plastics  have  yet  to  overcome  some  major  handicaps 
before  they  edge  leather  out  of  the  footwear  picture.  There 
are  the  obstacles  of  porosity,  pliability,  elasticity,  workabil- 
ity, thermal  conductivity,  etc.  Second,  there  is  the  problem 
of  cost — whether  suitable  plastics  will  be  cheaper  than 
leather  and  other  shoe  materials.  Third,  the  use  of  plastics 
may  require  some  changes  in  shoe  machinery  and  operating 
techniques  to  be  developed  by  shoe  workers  skilled  only  in 
leather. 

Fourth,  the  cattle  raising  and  tanning  industries  are  huge 
and  powerful  organizations.    They  will  certainly  fight  new 
competition.    However,  they  have  no  monopoly  on  the  shoe 
industry,  and  have  had  successful  competition  from  such 
products  as  wood,  cotton,  wool,  metals,  fabrics,  glass  and 
rork  (for  example,  the  wood  heel  as  opposed  to  the  leather 
icel  on  women's  footwear).   Nevertheless,  it  will  take  quite 
bit  of  doing  to  de^rone  leather  as  king  of  the  industry. 
None  of  these  factors,  or  any  other,  is  intended  to  in- 
fer that  plastics  are  facing  indestructible  competition.    They 
iren't.    Shoe  manufacturers  see  plastics  as  a  most  promis- 
ng  new  material,  particularly  for  post-war  use.    They  are 
limply  waiting  for  suitable  plastics  for  footwear  uses  to 
•omc  along. 

Meanwhile,  is  the  shoe  field  closed  to  plastics  ?  Definitely 
lot,  for  there  are  numerous  fine  opportunities  now  open 
'or  plastics.  But  since  these  are  not  being  utilized,  an  en- 
Icavor  to  point  them  out  to  the  shoe  manufacturer  will  be 


Plastics  could  add  to  durability  of  counter,  bottom   filler,   welt- 
ing, arch  pad,  heel,  tongue;  firmness  of  toe,  lightness  of  shank 


When  style  It  the  keynote,  even  the  all-plastics  shoe  is  not 
a  dream,  as  illustrated  by  this  ($16)  product  of  O.  E.  Ihle.  N. 
Hollywood,  Calif.,  made  of  Aero  Quality  "Lumarith"  tinted 
sheet  stock,  with  "Celanese"  ribbons.  They  are  light,  strong, 
washable,  perspiration-resistant,  versatile  and — ration  free 


BOTTOM  FILLER 


OUTER 
COUNTER 


.INNER  COUNTER 


SHANK-PIECE 
TONGUE 


HEEL 
LAYERS 


—SHANK 


ARCH  PAD 


TOE  BOX 


WELTING 


IAY  194:> 


FLA9TIC8 


Colorful,  long-wearing,  non-marking,  this  Goodrich 
"Koroseal"   (vinyl)   sole   is   impervious   to  moisture 

made  in  the  course  of  the  discussion  which  follows. 

For  the  time  being  let's  forget  about  the  overall  footwear 
picture,  and  about  the  all-plastics  shoe.  Let's  concentrate 
on  certain  parts  oi  the  shoe  where  plastics  can  probably  do 
a  better  job  than  leather,  or  any  of  the  other  materials  com- 
monly used. 

None  of  these  parts  of  the  shoe  demands  requirements 
which  plastics  can't  meet  now.  For  instance,  porosity  would 
present  no  problem  in  the  heel ;  hence  the  non-porous  plas- 
tics would  not  be  at  a  disadvantage  here,  but  would,  because 
of  certain  properties,  have  a  distinct  edge  over  leather  or 
wood.  Remember,  too,  that  shoes,  like  any  mass-produced 
article,  are  assembled.  All  the  parts  aren't  made  in  one 
factory  but  many  are  purchased  from  various  outside  sources 
and  brought  together  in  the  shoe  factory.  These  include 
heels,  welting,  nails,  thread,  buckles,  counters,  soles.  Let's 
take  up  now  each  of  these  parts  separately. 
The  Counter: — This  is  the  back  part  of  the  shoe  upper 
which  fits  around  the  heel  of  the  foot.  It  is  usually  a  chem- 
ically stiffened  leather,  though  in  cheaper  shoes  it  is  fre- 
quently made  of  paperboard  which  usually  quickly  loses  its 
shape  when  exposed  to  dampness,  heat,  pressures,  etc. 

It's  important  to  the  appearance  of  the  shoe  and   tilt- 


Typical  of  the  new  uses  and  applications  for  plas- 
tics in  the  realm  of  footwear  is  a  development  re- 
cently perfected  by  Leo  L.  Kay,  Milwaukee,  plastics 
specialist,  in  the  form  of  a  "clamp-on"  sole  for 
bowling  shoes,  which  will  eliminate  scuffing  of  alleys 
by  bowlers  wearing  unsuitable  footgear. 

These  new  soles  are  attached  to  shoes  by  a  clamp 
on  each  heel,  and  are  arranged  so  that  they  can  be 
shortened  or  lengthened  to  fit  various  size  shoes, 
by  means  of  sliding  traps.  Tests  proved  that  they 
left  no  trace  of  marks  on  bowling  alley  runways; 
provided  the  kegler  with  a  firm,  light  support ;  re- 
duced skidding  and  sliding. 

They  are  at  present  being  sold  to  bowling  alley 
owners,  who  are  making  them  available  to  bowlers. 

Plastics-cleated  slip-on  golf  shoes,  to  be  marketed 
shortly,  have  also  been  designed  and  tested  by  in- 
ventor Kay. 


health  of  the  foot  that  the  counter  retains  its  firmness  with 
wear.  Yet,  this  part  takes  a  constant  pounding  from  the 
action  of  the  foot  in  walking,  and  soon  even  the  best  count- 
ers soften  and  lose  their  shape,  especially  on  the  average 
priced  shoe. 

Plastics  can  replace  leather  and  paperboard  here.  They 
have  greater  integrity  and  durability  to  resist  heel  pres- 
sures. They  can  retain  their  original  rigidity  or  firmness 
longer  than  leather  and  paperboard,  thus  providing  the  snug 
heel  fit  necessary  to  foot  comfort  and  the  appearance  of 
the  shoe.  And  when  mass  produced  (counters  are  cut  to 
simple,  standard  patterns)  the  plastics  counter  would  prob- 
ably cost  less  than  either  leather  or  paperboard. 
The  Heel: — Here  is  one  of  greatest  opportunities  for  plas- 
tics in  footwear.  The  two  most  common  materials  now 
used  are  leather  and  wood,  though  cork  and  rubber  are  not 
uncommon,  but  these  latter  are  far  from  ideal  materials, 
and  the  wood  heel  is  susceptible  to  cracking  or  buckling. 

Leather  likewise  has  disadvantages.  The  leather  heel 
isn't  one  solid  piece  but  is  built  up  of  several  layers,  each 
averaging  about  one-eighth  or  one-quarter  inch  in  thickness. 
These  layers  are  held  together  by  nails  or  cement  or  both. 
But  under  constant  stresses  and  body  weight  (the  average 
housewife's  shoe  receives  a  total  daily  weight  of  almost 
1500  tons)  these  layers  will  often  be  displaced  so  that  their 
edges  jut  out  from  the  "heel  wall."  This  not  only  weakens 
the  whole  heel  structure,  but  contributes  to  unsightly  ap- 
pearance. 

(Continued  on  page  141) 


Delman's,  manufacturer  of  high- 
priced  women's  shoes,  has  used 
cast  "Catalin"  buckles  since  1944 
in  solid  and  combination  colors 


56 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


HVCON 


Packaged  Units  for  Fast  Preffill 
with  3OOO  p.  s.  i.  Closing  and  Holding  Pressure 

Using  JO  CPM  and  20  CPM  Low  Pressure  Pumps 
in  Combination  with  %  CPM  and  I1/*  CPM  Pumps  at  3000  p.  s.  i. 

Units  Complete  with  Pumps  on  Double  End  Motor  .  .  .  Unloading  and  Relief  Valves 
and  Micronic  Filter  .  .  .  All  Mounted  on  4O  Gal.  Water  Cooled  Reservoir 


Specifications  and  Engineering  Data  on  Bequest 


MAY  1945 


420  LEXINGTON   AVENUE,  NEW  YORK    17,  N.  Y.      •      FACTORIES:   WATERTOWN,  N.  Y. 

PLASTICS 


57 


Plasticizers 

for  the  Cellulosics 

How  Modifying  Agents  Can  Be  Employed 
to  Make  These  Plastics  More  Adaptable  to 
A  Growing  Array  of  Product  Applications 


oLeonard  ..jr. 


Research   Chemist 


THE  cellulose  esters  represent  a  phase  of  the  plastics 
industry  important  enough  to  be  considered  a  story 
in  themselves.  Recent  years  have  witnessed  great  prog- 
ress in  the  application  of  these  highly  adaptable  resins  to 
varied  industrial  and  commercial  fields.  Their  ease  of 
manufacture,  the  low  cost  of  the  original  materials,  and 
their  versatility  have  commended  this  class  of  resins  for 
a  multitude  of  uses. 

In  the  cellulose  esters,  however,  we  find  that  the  prob- 
lem of  selecting  plasticizers  may  be  either  very  baffling 
and  relatively  costly  or  quite  simple  and  rather  cheap.  In 
order  to  impart  certain  properties  to  this  group  without 
sacrificing  other  favorable  properties  which  they  already 
possess,  it  may  be  necessary  to  alter  the  starting  materials 
in  some  manner.  There  may  be  other  means  of  doing  so, 
but  addition  of  a  plasticizer  is  at  present  the  cheapest  and 
most  practical  method  of  doing  so. 


Since  the  general  properties  of  plasticizers  have  already 
been  discussed  somewhat  in  detail,1  this  paper  will  deal 
only  with  their  relationship  to  the  plastics  of  the  cellulose 
derivatives.  In  this  class  of  resins  the  significant  prob- 
lem is  the  retention  of  the  proper  degree  of  tensile  strength 
while  striving  to  improve  flexibility,  toughness  and  impact 
resistance. 

Cellulose  Nitrate 

The  use  of  plasticizers  might  be  said  to  have  begun  with 
the  addition  of  camphor  to  soften  cellulose  nitrate.  Today, 
even  though  camphor  is  still  used,  it  is  supplemented  by 
other  compounds  which  give  the  resin  properties  it  lacks 
fundamentally,  just  as  tricresyl  phosphate  imparts  flame 
resistance  and  other  compounds  impart  color  stability,  flex- 
ibility and  shock  strength. 

Cellulose  nitrate  is  colloided  in  masticating  mixers  with 


The  flexibility  oi  plasticized  nitrocellulose  film,  made  from 
a  given  viscosity  type,  varies  with  plasticizer  used  and  with 
ratio  of  plasticizer  to  nitrocellulose,  as  these  curves  show 


100 


o 

u. 


u 

-I 
m 


O 

o 


a. 
a. 
O 
I 
U 


- 

x 


10  20  3O  40  SO 

?0  To  70  To  50 

PER  CENT    PLASTICIZER 
PERCENT    NITROCELLULOSE 


60 
40 


Relationship  between  different  plasticizers  in  their  effect 
on  hardness  of  a  nitrocellulose  film.  Hardness  varies  with 
each  plasticizer  and  ratio  of  plasticizer  to  nitrocellulose 


500 


400 


ui 
o 

t£ 


300 


O 

z 


200 


100 


10  20  30 


PERCENT       PLASTICIZER 
PERCENT      NITROCELLULOSE 


58 


PLASTMCS 


MAY  1945 


ONE   OF  A   SERIES    PORTRAYING  "THE   SPEED   NUT   FAMILY  OF    FASTENERS" 


Twin    and   Multiple    SPEED    NUTS    COMBINE 
Fasteners    into    One    Unit! 


•  Individual  SPEED  NUTS  offer  tre- 
mendous advantages  over  ordinary 
fasteners,  but  Twin  and  Multiple  SPEED 
NUTS  go  even  further.  They  COMBINE 
two  or  more  SPEED  NUTS  into  one  unit 
to  simplify,  reinforce  and  speed  up 
multiple  fastening  attachments. 

Twin  type  SPEED  NUTS  are  avail- 
able with  }/i"  to  1"  hole  spacings,  for 
machine  or  sheet  metal  screws.  Center 
hole  permits  riveting  in  place  for  blind 
location  assembly. 

Multiple  type  SPEED  NUTS  are  avail- 
able, with  1"  to  2"  hole  spacings,  for 
62,  8Z  or  1 0Z  sheet  metal  screws.  Sup- 
plied in  any  desired  lengths  or  in  coils. 
Made  of  spring  steel  for  riveting  in 

TINNERMAN  PRODUCTS,  INC. 

2137   FULTON    ROAD,   CLEVELAND  13,  OHIO 

In  Canada:  Wallace  Born..  Co.,  lid.,  Hamilton,  Ontario. 
In  England:  Simmondl  A.roc.tionet,  Ltd.,  London. 


blind  location,  or  stainless  steel  for 
welding. 

Where  "float"  is  necessary  to  com- 
pensate for  unavoidable  misalignment 
of  holes,  SPEED  NUT  Retainer  Strips 
are  recommended,  as  shown  in  panel 
at  left.  Here  self-retaining  "U"  type 
SPEED  NUTS  are  slipped  over  alumi- 
num or  stainless  steel  strips,  in  "float- 
ing" register  with  the  screw  holes. 

In  writing  for  samples,  please  give 
screw  size  and  hole  spacing. 


FASTENINGS 


PLASTICS 


THE    BASIC    PRINCIPLE 

of  Spring -Tension  Lock  it 
Embodied  in  all  Speed  Nut  Detignt 

59 


500 


400 


LJ 

z 

0 

or 


o 

z 


b. 

a. 


300 


200 


100 


0  20  40  60  80  100 

FLEXIBILITY   -  SCHOPPER     DOUBLE     FOLDS 

The  relationship  between  hardness  and  flexibility  for  six  dif- 
ferent plasticizers.  As  hardness  increases,  flexibility  de- 
creases, the  rate  oi  change  varying  with  the  plasticizer  used 

plasticizers  and  solvents,  and  strained  under  hydraulic 
pressure  while  it  is  still  in  its  soft  condition.  Some  of 
the  plasticizers  used  are  camphor,  tricresyl  phosphate, 
butyl  phthalate,  and  ethyl  abietatc. 

Some  of  the  properties  imparted  to  cellulose  nitrate 
plastics  by  these  plasticizers  are  fire  resistance,  good  flexi- 
bility, toughness,  water  resistance,  color  stability,  film 
strength,  gloss  and  good  working  qualities. 

Cellulose  nitrate  can  be  obtained  in  sheets,  rods,  tubes, 
films  and  foils,  which  are  characterized  by  broad  color 
range,  toughness,  strength,  good  lustre  and  ease  of  fabri- 
cation. Some  of  its  uses  are  tool  handles,  hammer  heads, 
fountain  pens,  shell  parts,  typewriter  keys,  badges  and 
many  others. 

Ceffufose  Acetate 

Cellulose  acetate  plastics  are  notably  tough,  durable, 
non-inflammable,  mechanically  strong  and  easily  molded. 
These  characteristics  may  be  improved  by  adding  plastic- 


~~1 1        I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T~ 

LOAD-ELONGATION    CURVES    OF    ETHOCEL    FILMS 
PLASTICIZED     WITH     DOW     PLASTICIZER    6 


J I          I          1 

CTHOCEL    .    100    C 


ETHOCCL j    100    CPS     STANDARD-tTHOXr 
PLASTICIZtH    CONTENT,  IN%    OF    THE    FILM 


izers   with   high   boiling   point   and   low    vapor   pressure. 

The  characteristics  desired  in  the  finished  product  are 
dependent  upon  properties  of  both  the  plasticizer  and  the 
cellulose  acetate.  Those  of  cellulose  acetate  are  deter- 
mined by  its  acetyl  content,  which  can  be  controlled  by 
chemical  means.  Therefore,  the  choice  of  suitable  plastic- 
izer with  regard  to  the  acetyl  content  of  the  acetate  will 
achieve  the  best  result.  There  should  be  no  conflict  be- 
tween the  properties  of  the  plasticizer  and  those  of  the 
cellulose  acetate.  This,  perhaps,  can  best  be  illustrated  by 
the  following:  The  acetyl  content  of  a  cellulose  acetate 
plastics  will  determine  whether  or  not  the  material  will 
absorb  water.  A  plasticizer  that  absorbs  water  should  not 
be  used  with  an  acetate  that  absorbs  little  water  due  to  its 
high  acetyl  content.  The  result  of  combining  an  acetate 
of  high  acetyl  value  with  a  plasticizer  of  good  water  re- 
sistance would  result  in  a  most  favorable  product. 

The  compatibility  of  plasticizer  and  acetate  is  directly 
proportional  to  the  acetyl  value,  and  the  amount  of  plas- 
ticizer required  is  inversely  proportional  to  the  acetyl  con- 
tent; i.e.,  less  plasticizer  is  required  in  acetates  with  higher 
acetyl  content. 


Effect  of  Common  Plasticizers  on  Properties  of 
Cellulose  Acetate  Molding  Compositions 

TESTS  MADE  ON  PLASTICS  COMPOSED  OF  66  PARTS  HERCULES  CELLU- 
LOSE ACETATE  (PM  GRADE)  AND  34  PARTS  PLASTICIZER 

(Courtesy  H0rculei  Powder  Co.) 

flexure)        Water 

Solution1  Strength      Absorbed 

Matficizer  (Temp.  °C)  Hordnett*      |p«i)       (%,48Hr<) 

Dimethyl  phlholat. 120 32 5840 1.14 

Dielhyl  phthalate 

Methox 

Methyl  phthalyl  ethyl  glycolale.  . 

Ethyl  phthalyl  ethyl  glycolote 

p-Toluene  ethyl  sulfonamid 

Ethyl  toluene  ethyl  sulfonamid .  .  . 
Triphenyl  phosphate  (28  parts).. 


.140 15 5680 1.20 

.150 31 5370 1.48 

.148 65 7110 0.77 

.148 50 6930 0.97 

.133 75 6860 0.94 

.153 90 9160 0.85 

.180 81 9020 1.17 

Triacetin  (28  parts) 132 66 7360 1.9 

Diethylene  glycol  dipropionate 123. . . — 45 4500 1.48 

(Leaching) 

173 40 6100 1.40 

These  are  additional  materials  sometimes  in- 
corporated into  cellulose  acetate  plastics 
to  provide  mechanical  properties,  and  are 
not  true  solvents  for  cellulose  acetate. 


Acetyl  triethyl  citrate... 

Camphor 

Diphenyl  phthalate. . . . 
Sucrose  octa-acetate... 
Di butyl  phthalate 


1  Temperature  to  dissolve  y2  gm  PM  type  cellulose  acetate  in  2  am  plasticizer  contained* 

in  a  '/j  x  6'  test  tube  and  heated  in  an  oil  bath  at  the  rate  of  3  C/min  temperature  rise. 
>  Plastics  hardness,  Rockwell  M  Scale  at  70  f  and  50-60%  RH 
1  Plastics  strength,  determined  by  cantilever  bending  at  70"f  and  50-60%  RH 
'Plastics  water  absorption  by  2"  disc  ',  4'  thick,  immersed  for  48  hr  in  water  at  70'f 


In  molding  compositions  the  degree  of  plasticity  can  be 
controlled  by  varying  amounts  and  types  of  plasticizer  as 
well  as  the  acetyl  content  of  the  basic  cellulosic  material. 
Highly  specialized  and  intricate  molding  processes  can  be 
used  involving  relatively  thin  cross  bars  and  cross  sec- 
tions from  properly  plasticized  plastics,  since  they  can  be 
extremely  strong  mechanically. 

Another  property  that  is  beneficial  but  not  always  neces- 
sary is  the  solvent  power  of  the  plasticizer.2  Some  appli- 
cations depend  upon  active  solvent  behavior  of  the  plas- 
ticizer at  room  temperature.  More  often  perhaps,  as  is  the 
case  in  molding,  extrusion  of  sheets,  rods,  and  tubes  or  in 
operation  requiring  heat,  plasticizers  must  be  chosen  which 
are  active  solvents  at  elevated  temperatures  without  even 
considering  their  solvent  action  when  cold.  In  some  cases 
where  a  plasticizer  has  excellent  solvent  properties  but  is 
too  volatile  (or  vice  versa),  a  combination  of  the  two 
would  give  beneficial  properties  to  the  product. 

Flexibility  is  another  factor  to  be  considered  in  plastic- 


30  40 

ELONGATION,  PfRCENT 


60 


MAY  1945 


,1,1.  l, 


PLASTICS,  RUBBER,  WOOD 


Here's  a  machine  every  operator  likes.  Its  performance  is  an 
attention  holder  every  minute.  Its  speed  is  a  real  challenge  — 
there's  no  waiting  for  the  Zephyr  to  catch  up.  It  travels  just 
as  fast  as  he  cares  to  make  it  go,  up  to  12,000  r.p.m. 

The  3,300  pounds  of  weight  make  the  DoALL  Zephyr  prac- 
tically vibrationless  when  cutting  the  tough  new  metals,  alloys 
and  laminates  used  today  for  war  production  and  in  the 
future  for  civilian  needs. 

Your  output  can  be  doubled  without  extra  effort.  It's  just 
a  matter  of  increasing  the  speed  and  guiding  the  work. 

Want  to  see  it  work?  Phone  your  DoALL  man  for  a  demon- 
stration in  your  own  plant,  or  write  us. 


Angle  Cutting 

Because  of  the  36"  throat  and 
tilting  worktable,  true  angles 
are  cut  in  20%  to  50%  leu 
lime  than  by  cut-off  methods. 


Send  for  Circular 

Learn  something  about  the  re* 
markable  performance  of  the 
DoALL  Zephyr  from  our  latest 
illustrated  circular. 


Contour  Sawing 


I**KM  UUuftry 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


61 


~~i — i — i — i — r 

LOAD-ELONGATION    CURVES    OF    ETHOCEL    FILMS 
PLASTICIZED     WITH     N-BUTYL    STEARATE 


LOAD-ELONGATION    CURVES    OF    ETHOCEL    FILMS 
PLASTICIZED     WITH     DIBUTYL    PHTHALATE 


ETHOCEL i    100    CPS     STANDARD -ETMOXY 
PLASTICIZER    CONTENT,    IN  %   OF    THE    FILM 


ETHOCEL j    100  CPS.    STANOARD-ETHOXY 
PLASTICIZER    CONTENT,    IN   %  OF    THE    FILM 


20  30  40  SO 

ELONGATION,    PERCENT 


20  30  40  SO 

ELONGATION.    PERCENT 


izing  cellulose  acetate.  The  addition  of  plasticizer  may  be 
used  to  improve  the  flexibility  and  stretch  of  a  plastics  so 
that  no  crazing  occurs  when  it  is  formed.  The  concen- 
tration of  the  plasticizer  is  dependent  upon  the  nature  of 
the  plasticizer.  (This  resilience  and  flexibility  is  illustrated 
by  the  falling  ball  test  designed  by  Gjon  Mili  of  Celanese 
Plastics  Corp.) 

The  fault  of  most  cellulose  acetate  plasticizers  is  that 
they  may  be  too  volatile,  undergoing  rapid  evaporation, 
highly  soluble  in  water  and  may  tend  to  crystallize  out  on 
long  standing. 

Cellulose  acetate  plastics  are  not  true  solutions  of  cellu- 
lose acetate  and  plasticizer  but  colloidal  suspensions  of  cel- 
lulose acetate  in  plasticizer.  Suitable  plasticizers  for  use 
with  these  plastics  are  diethyl  phthalate,  dimethyl  phthalate, 
methyl  phthalyl  ethyl  glycolate,  dimethoxy  ethyl  phthalate, 
tricresyl  phosphate,  dimethyl  "Cellosolve"  phthalate  and 
dicarbitol  phthalate  plus  some  of  the  sulfonamides. 

Cellulose  acetate  molding  powders  are  prepared  by 
either  of  two  processes — solvent  or  non-solvent.  The  sol- 
vent process  involves  the  mixing  of  cellulose  acetate  with 
plasticizer  in  a  heavy  kneader  with  required  alcohol  and 
acetone  until  a  uniform  doughy  colloid  is  formed.  This 
then  may  be  treated  accordingly  by  sheeting  on  warm  rolls 
to  a  stiff  form,  incorporating  desired  colors,  and  grinding 
up  in  a  knife  mill  to  desired  granulations  preparatory  to 
molding.  By  varying  this  process,  sheets  may  be  block 
pressed,  extruded  or  sheeted. 

The  non-solvent  process  involves  mixing  cellulose  ace-< 
tate,  plasticizer  and  color,  colloiding  at  a  high  temperature 
in  a  Banbury  type  mixer  or  a  hot  roll. 

Physical  Properties  of  Nitrocellulose  Films* 

(Plailicized  and  Unplotticiied  with  Dibutyl  Phlholate  and  Row  Cotter  OH) 
Formulation  123456 

Nitrocellulose  RS  '/t  Sec.. ..100 66.7 40 

Nitrocellulose  RS  5-6  Sec 100 66.7 40 

Dibutyl  phthalate 33.3 33.3 

Raw  castor  oil 60 60 


Data 


Tensile  strength  (kg-sq  cm)(  1 ) .  804 . 

(21.877. 

Elongation  (%) (D.6.4., 


..998 472 71.. 

.1047 

..15.7 15.2 44.. 

(2J.5.2 10.6 

Flexibility  (Schopper,.  .  .(1 ).  21 62 

double  folds) (2).  10 27 


438  .....  151 
20.1....  90.9 


l=fresh  film;  2=film  exposed   outdoors  for   I   week. 

•Solvent  from  which  films  were  cast:  Butyl  acetate,  ethyl  acetate,  ethanol  and 

toluene  (all  25%  by  weight). 


Cellulose  acetate  can  be  used  for  injection  molding,  com- 
pression molding,  extrusion  molding,  sheeting,  films,  foil, 
rods  and  tubes,  some  of  its  applications  being  airplane 
windows  and  windshields,  bag  frames,  buttons,  films,  gages, 
dials,  food  covers,  tool  handles,  packaging  and  displaying, 
gas  mask  lenses,  playing  cards  and  many  more. 

Cellulose- Acetate-Butyrate 

This  material  has  attained  its  greatest  value  in  cases 
where  cellulose  acetate  has  proven  quite  unsatisfactory  in 
regard  to  its  limited  solubility  in  cheap  solvents,  limited 
compatibility  with  high-boiling-point  plasticizers,  poor 
flexibility  at  rather  low  temperatures  and  poor  resistance 
to  moisture. 

The  properties  of  this  ester  can  be  varied  by  increasing 
or  decreasing  the  amounts  of  acetic  and  butyric  acids  and 
their  anhydrides.  In  cases  where  the  butyric  acid  content 
is  higher  than  the  acetic  acid  content,  the  ester  is  more  com- 
patible with  the  high-boiling-point  water-resistant  plastic- 
izers. These  plasticized  esters  have  low  moisture  absorp- 
tion plus  excellent  weathering  resistance,  being  unaffected 
by  changes  in  atmospheric  and  climatic  conditions.  Some 
of  the  properties  of  this  plasticized  resin  include  high 
dimensional  stability,  high  impact  strength,  high  elonga- 
tion, toughness  and  good  flow  characteristics  even  when 
concentration  of  plasticizer  is  low.  Cellulose  acetate- 
butyrate  can  be  used  in  both  injection  and  compression 
molding.  One  application  of  this  resin  that  has  many  pos- 
sibilities is  in  applying  the  plasticized  resin  to  fabrics,  im- 
parting finishes  that  are  waterproof,  glossy  and  supple. 

Some  of  the  better  plasticizers  for  this  group  include 
triphenyl  and  tricresyl  phosphates,  dioctyl  phthalate,  butyl 
sebacate,  methyl  "Cellosolve"  phthalate,  butyl  "Cellosolve" 
phthalate,  diamyl  and  dibutyl  phthalates. 

Ethyl  Cellulose 

This  cellulose  derivative  up  to  fairly  recent  times  was 
not  exploited  because  of  the  prohibitive  cost  of  produc- 
tion, but  due  to  the  development  of  large-scale  production 
in  the  last  decade,  costs  have  been  lowered  considerably. 
This  material  has  many  characteristics  not  found  in  the 
other  cellulose  derivatives  which  make  it  suitable  for  many 
applications.  Chief  among  these  are  its  unusual  extensi- 
bility and  flexibility,  compatibility  with  a  great  number  of 
plasticizers,  low  flammability  and  chemical  stability. 

Individual  tests  for  impact  strength,  hardness,  abrasion 
resistance,  flexibility,  tensile  strength  and  elongation  were 
(Continued  on  page  108) 


62 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Thousands  of  Fabricated  Parts  from  Taylor's  Sheets,  Rods,  Tubes 


One  of  several  parts  for  an 
artificial  leg,  which  is  sawed, 
milled  and  drilled  from  a  flat 
sheet  of  Phenol  Fibre. 


Hinge  support  blocks  for 
theP-51  Mustang  fighter  planes' 
elevator  trim  tabs  were  created 
and  designed  by  Taylor  en- 
gineers. 

Switch  spacers,  made  from 
tubes  of  Phenol  Fibre,  are 
quickly  and  accurately  finished 
on  a  Taylor  automatic  screw 
machine. 


From  sheets,  rods,  and  tubes  of  Phenol  Fibre  or  Vulcanized  Fibre,  Taylor 
makes  thousands  of  different  fabricated  parts,  turning  them  out  by  the 
millions  and  doing  it  quickly,  accurately,  and  economically. 

Almost  every  one  of  these  parts  is  specially  designed  for  a  special  purpose 
and  calls  for  a  laminated  plastic  with  special  characteristics.  Their 
common  feature  is  light  weight  with  great  strength.  In  addition,  they 
have  insulating,  electrical,  and  dielectrical  properties  unequalled  by 
any  other  material. 

Having  been  in  this  business  for  more  than  fifty  years,  Taylor  also  has  a 
stock  of  standard  tools  for  turning  out  such  things  as  plain  washers,  and 
shoulder  bushings,  in  so  many  different  sizes  that  the  chances  are  good 
that  the  size  you  need  is  in  stock  and  your  fabricated  part  can  therefore 
be  made  more  quickly  and  more  inexpensively. 

Whatever  your  problem,  our  engineers  will  gladly  tell  you,  without 
obligation,  exactly  what  Taylor  Laminated  Plastics  can  contribute  to  its 
solution.  Write  us  today,  sending  sketch  or  blueprint. 


LAMINATED   PLASTICS:  PHENOL  FIBBE  •  VULCANIZED  FIBBE  •  Sheets.  Rods.  Tubes,  and  Fabricated  Parts 

MORKISTOWN,  PENNSYLVANIA  •  OFFICES  IN  PRINCIPAL  CITIC*  •  PACIFIC  COAST  HEADQUARTERS :  S44  8  SAN  PEDRO  ST.. LOS  ANOCLC8 11 

MAY  1945  PLASTICS  63 


to 


:%*!>> 


^* 


Fabricator  Offers  Hi- 
Experience  to  Gaiclc 
TTiose  Interested  ir 
Improving  Their  SkiL 
At  This  Manual  Tasl 


j£ 


3^ 


HOW  TO 


Fig.  1.    Trays  for  simultaneous  immersion  of 
two  edges  to  be  soak-jointed  are  economical. 


THE  bonding  of  plastics  parts  is  still  a  manual  opera- 
tion and  there  are  no  signs  as  yet  that  machinery  is 
being  developed  for  this  purpose.  Some  progress  has  been 
made  in  mechanizing  cementing  operations  on  relatively 
thin  sheeting  for  production  of  packaging  containers,  but 
the  joining  of  fabricated  plastics  parts  remains  in  the  hand 
stage.  There  are  thousands  of  items  which  must  be  com- 
pleted in  this  way. 

In  surveying  the  chief  techniques  used  in  the  bonding  of 
those  plastic  most  commonly  used  in  fabricating  plants, 
this  discussion  draws  particularly  on  the  experience  of  K. 
Steen  Jensen,  production  manager  of  Dura  Plastics,  Inc., 
New  York.  His  cooperation  has  also  been  enlisted  in  per- 
forming a  number  of  experiments  to  illustrate  the  effects  of 
several  misoperations. 

There  is  only  one  method  of  cement  application  common 
to  most  plastics — that  which  is  designated  here  as  the 
"spread-on"  joint.  The  other  most  widely  utilized  proce- 
dure, but  one  that  is  confined  to  thermoplastics,  chiefly 
acrylics  and  cellulose  acetates,  is  the  "soak"  joint.  The 
"dip"  method,  which  is  in  effect  a  rapid  and  abbreviated 
soak,  is  used  only  for  cellulose  nitrates.  Most  phenolics 
will  accept  only  a  spread-on  joint.  Application  by  spray- 
gun  is  occasionally  used  in  the  bonding  of  large  areas,  as 
in  sheet  lamination,  but  it  finds  comparatively  little  appli- 
cation in  fabricating  plants.  Two  special-purpose  tech- 
niques are  the  eye-dropper,  a  variation  of  spread-on,  and 
the  hypodermic,  a  remedial  procedure. 

Before  describing  these  techniques  of  cementing  plastics, 
it  is  well  to  point  out  a  number  of  precautions  that  should 
be  observed  in  all  cementing  operations,  regardless  of  the 


method  of  application,  the  character  of  the  bonding  agent 
or  the  type  of  plastics  in  work.  While  not  all  cements  for 
plastics  application  are  flammable,  so  many  of  them  are, 
that  it  is  safest  to  keep  all  cements  away  from  open  flames. 
And  while  not  all  cement  vapors  are  toxic,  it  is  equally 
good  sense  to  allow  ample  ventilation  in  the  area  where 
cement  is  being  used.  In  preparing  the  surfaces  to  be 
joined,  all  dust,  dirt,  grease  and  even  water  should  be  re- 
moved from  them,  so  that  no  contamination  can  affect  the 
joint.  The  joint  surfaces  should  have  as  accurate  a  fit  as 
possible.  Finally,  in  most  cases,  the  amount  of  cement  ap- 
plied should  be  only  great  enough  to  cover  the  surface  com- 
pletely and  uniformly. 

There  is  no  universal  cementing  agent  for  plastics  ma- 
terials. None  of  the  commonly  used  cements  for  acrylics, 
as  an  example,  is  effective  on  phenolics  or  acetates.  One 
of  the  few  bonding  agents  that  may  be  used  interchangeably 
is  acetone  for  both  cellulose  acetates  and  cellulose  nitrates, 
and  it  will  be  noticed  in  this  case  that  the  ester  is  the  same 
for  both. 

Cementing  agents  for  acrylics  may  be  roughly  classified 
into  those  that  contain  the  resin  itself  in  solution  and  those 
that  do  not.  Among  the  purely  solvent  agents  of  the  latter 
type  are  glacial  (100%)  acetic  acid,  ethylene  dichloricle  and 
methylene  dichloride.  Their  action  consists  of  dissolving 
a  portion  of  the  surfaces  to  be  joined  and  solidifying  the 
bond  by  diffusion  and  evaporation.  The  resin-constituent 
cements,  on  the  other  hand,  complete  the  bond  by  polymeri- 
zation. These  agents  include  the  monomer  type  of  cement, 
which  is  simply  a  liquid  methyl  methacrylate  monomer  and 
which,  before  use,  must  be  activated  toward  partial  poly- 
merization by  a  catalyst ;  monomer-solvent  cement,  which, 
in  addition  to  the  monomeric  methyl  methacrylate,  contains 
a  considerable  proportion  of  straight  solvent,  like  methy- 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


: 


Fig.  2.  Oveilong  immersion  and  excessive  softening  caused  squeeze-out  that  produced  these  runs.  Even 
il  no  runs  are  developed,  care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  deeper  welts  along  the  joint  than  necessary 


lene  dichloride;  partially  polymerized  monomer,  which  is 
procured  by  heat-treating  the  monomer  to  a  degree  of  vis- 
cosity and  adding  methylene  dichloride ;  and  solvent  mono- 
mer, which  is  made  by  dissolving  acrylate  shavings  in  a 
glacial  acetic  acid  or,  preferably,  methylene  dichloride. 

The  cementing  techniques  to  be  prescribed  for  acrylics 
will  hold,  with  very  slight  modification,  for  cellulose  ace- 
tates as  well.  For  general  quality  and  for  strength  of  joint 
particularly,  the  soak  joint  is  the  preferred  method.  Mr. 
Jensen  has  found  that  the  rigid  specifications  for  strength 
of  joint  in  acrylic  parts  that  have  been  laid  down  by  the 
Army  and  Navy  can  be  met  only  by  the  soak-joint. 

The  Soak  Joint 

Soak-jointing  of  acrylates  may  be  accomplished  with  any 
of  the  acrylic  bonding  agents  previously  mentioned.  Mr. 
Jensen  notes,  however,  that  solvents  are  quicker-acting 
than  is  the  monomer  and  finds  them  generally  preferable 
for  soak-joints.  As  for  all  types  of  joints,  the  surfaces  to 
be  soak-jointed  should  have  a  fully  conforming  fit  Non- 
fitting  protuberances,  even  slight  ones,  should  be  machined 
or  sanded  off  before  being  cement-treated.  In  the  case  of 
curved  joints,  the  radii  of  both  surfaces  should  be  the  same. 
Where,  for  some  reason,  misaligned  surfaces  can  not  be 
brought  to  all-over  contact,  they  can  often  be  made  to  con- 
form by  heat-softening  them  to  forming  temperature,  con- 
tacting the  joint  surfaces,  applying  pressure  to  them  until 
they  are  in  complete  fit  and  maintaining  the  pressure  until 
the  joint  has  cooled. 

While  this  method  of  achieving  accurate  fit  in  prepara- 
tion for  cementing  is  of  value  in  the  case  of  compound  joint- 
lines,  there  are  a  number  of  drawbacks :  An  additional  and 
often  elaborate  jig  may  be  necessary  to  confine  the  heat  to 
the  area  of  the  joint;  also,  overall  dimensions  may  be  lost 
in  the  collapse  of  material  at  the  hcat'ed  joint  when  pressure 


is  applied.  In  preparing  the  joint  surfaces,  it  is  well  to 
keep  in  mind  that  some  acrylates  take  a  better  bond  on  a 
polished  surface,  while  others  do  better  with  surfaces  ma- 
chined to  smoothness  but  not  polished. 

For  a  strictly  utility  joint,  in  which  appearance  is  no 
consideration,  the  acrylic  pieces  may  be  left  unmasked  for 


Fig.  3.  Bubbles  formed  in  a  Joint 
due  to  inadequate  Immersion  may 
be  removed  with  hypodermic  needle 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


Fig.  4.  Lines  in  laminated  bloc) 
show  remit  of  relief  oi  preecun 
before  complete  setting  of  jolnti 

65 


WORLD    OVER...  PIONEERS    IN 
PLASTICS,  SOLVING  TODAY. .  .TOMORROWS  PROBLEMS 


Hawley's  Global  facilities,  long  estab- 
lished with  the  reputation  of  definite 
leadership  in  the  Plastic  field,  are  the 
result  of  years  of  proven  and  success- 
ful experience  in  the  growth  and  tran- 
sition of  the  Plastic  World.  With  plants 
in  the  new  and  old  Worlds — the  con- 
stant exchange  of  Ideas  and  latest 
developments — the  solving  of  inter- 
related problems  with  their  ever-chang- 
ing and  newly  discovered  applications, 


and  the  consequent  results  of  the  swift 
and  steady  growth  of  the  Hawley  or- 
ganization account  for  Hawley  as  being 
the  recognized  authority  in  Resin  Fibre 
and  molded  Fibre  Products. 
We  at  Hawley  are  proud  of  our  Ac- 
complishments to  date.  For  many  years 
the  development  of  better  Plastics  has 
been  a  tradition  with  us,  and  Tomor- 
row's developments  are  always  a  chal- 
lenge "for  the  best  that  is  yet  to  come." 


ANOTHER    HAWLEY  FIRST...   HAWLEY-MADE    AIR    HOSTESS 


Model  of  world's  largest  Transport 
Plane,  giant  Consolidated  Vultee,  of 
which  Pan-American  World  Airways 
has  ordered  a  fleet.  Each  plane  will 
carry  204  passengers,  15,300  pounds 
of  baggage,  mail  and  express  —  will 
be  12  times  size  of  standard  twin- 
engined  commercial  aircraft  —  wing 
span  equal  to  height  of  21-story  build- 
ing. Flying  time  New  York  to  London 
9  hours.  Six  engines  will  produce 
power  equivalent  to  353  automobiles. 


66 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


SYDNEY.  AUSTRALIA    .ST.  CHARLES.  ILLINOIS.  U  S  A.    .BRANTFORD.  CANADA     LONDON.  ENGLAND     BUENOS  AIRES.  S  AMERICA 

GLOBALLY  ESTABLISHED,  THE   HAWLEY  PLANTS  ASSURE  WORLD- 
WIDE  LEADERSHIP  IN  THE  PLASTIC  FUTURE  OF  TOMORROW'S  WORLD 

NO    HAWLEY    PLANT    IN    THE    FOUR    CORNERS    OF    THE    EARTH     IS    MORE    THAN 
60    HOURS    FLYING    TIME    FROM    THE    HOME    PLANTS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES 

TRAYS    ARE    NOW   BEING    USED    BY   THE    GLOBAL    PAN-AMERICAN    AIRWAYS    SYSTEM, 

AS    WELL    AS    ALL    OTHER    MAJOR    AIRLINES    IN    THE    AMERICAS 


Today  our  facilities  are  concentrated  on  the 
needs  of  the  Armed  Forces,  and  the  manu- 
facture of  plastics  for  war  equipment  for 
the  Aviation,  Radio,  Automotive,  Electrical 
appliance,  Housing,  and  other  specialized 
fields  .  .  .  Plastics  ranging  from  one-half 
inch  diaphragms  that  are  a  vital  part  of 
communications  equipment,  to  explosive 


LICENSING    MANUFACTURERS 


containers  that  share  a  vital  part  in  the 
winning  of  the  war. 

When  the  day  of  Victory  arrives,  and  we 
are  again  free  to  use  fully  our  resources 
and  enterprises  in  a  peaceful  world, 
Hawley  Resin  Fibre  Plastics  will  enter  upon  a 
new  Era  of  further  successful  developments 
in  the  coming  Plastic  World. 


MAY  194.-) 


ST.  CHARLES,  ILLINOIS 

I'l.ASTHS 


PRODUCTS  COMPANY 


67 


Fig.  5.    Cushion  caused  by  immersion  in  cement  shows  swelling 
at  soak-joint  edge.     Here  it  is  confined  by  adhesive  tape  mask 

the  soaking  process.  In  most  jobs,  however,  it  is  desirable 
to  confine  the  softening  action  of  the  cement  as  nearly  as 
possible  to  the  immediate  region  of  the  joint  and  to  protect 
all  other  areas.  For  this  purpose,  the  areas  to  be  protected 
are  masked  with  any  tape  that  is  impervious  to  the  action 
of  the  cement.  Mr.  Jensen  has  found  that,  for  acrylics,  cel- 
lophane adhesive  tape  meets  the  requirements  best.  Not 
all  of  the  piece  need  be  masked,  only  those  parts  which  will 
need  protection  because  they  are  around  the  region  of  the 
joint.  But,  in  any  case,  not  less  than  a  l/i"  width  of  tape 
should  be  used.  The  tape  should  be  in  complete  and  tight 
contact  with  the  areas  to  be  protected,  in  order  to  prevent 
the  inclusion  of  air  pockets  between  tape  and  plastics  into 
which  cement  might  infiltrate.  The  edge  of  the  tape  runs 
parallel  to  the  line  of  the  joint  and  should  be  from  1/32"  to 
1/16"  away  from  it,  depending  on  the  depth  of  softening 
required. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  use,  for  soaking  purposes,  a 
tray  or  other  vessel  that  is  impervious  to  the  cement  action. 
The  edges  or  surfaces  to  be  joined  are  immersed  in  the 
solution  for  a  period  sufficient  to  develop  a  soft  cushion  at 
and  immediately  around  the  joint  edges  as  illustrated  in 
Fig.  5.  The  required  depth  of  the  cushion  will  depend  upon 
how  accurate  a  fit  has  been  obtained  between  the  edges  or 
surfaces  to  be  cemented.  Where  the  edges  are  perfectly 
fitting  or  nearly  so,  the  cushion  may  be  shallow.  Where 
there  are  nonconforming  irregularities,  the  cushion  must 
be  fairly  deep  in  order  to  eliminate  them.  The  longer  the 
immersion,  the  deeper  the  cushion.  Immersion  time  needed 
to  afford  a  desired  result  will  depend  on  variations  in  the 
character  of  the  material  and,  even  more,  on  variations  in 
type  and  characteristics  of  cement.  In  general,  however, 
it  can  be  said  that  5  min  of  soaking  is  the  minimum  for 
closely  fitting  joints  and  10  the  minimum  for  joints  showing 
slight  variations  of  fit — something  that  will  often  happen 
in  rapid  production. 

Timing  the  Immersion 

Undertimed  immersion  provides  too  shallow  a  cushion, 
which  means  inadequate  contact  at  the  joint,  which  in  turn 
means  bubbles  at  the  joint,  as  shown  in  Fig.  3.  Overlong 
immersion  develops  a  cushion  so  deep  that,  when  the  parts 
are  assembled  and  even  mild  bonding  pressure  is  applied, 
there  is  a  squeeze-out  of  cement  so  excessive  as  to  cause 
liquid  to  run  along  the  surfaces  of  the  parts,  as  in  Fig.  2. 
Even  if  no  runs  are  developed,  the  squeeze-out  may  be  great 
enough  to  throw  up  deeper  welts  along  the  line  of  the  joint 
than  would  normally  occur  under  proper  procedure.  All 
of  these  considerations  make  it  evident  that  a  pre-produc- 
tion test  for  immersion  time,  setting  time  and  other  proce- 
dures is  sensible  practice  on  all  new  jobs  which  do  not  dupli- 


Fig.   6.     These   fine   radiating   lines   that   denote   "crazing" 
were  developed  because  of  excessive  local  bonding  pressure 

i  ale  experience  with  work  previously  performed. 

After  the  cement-softened  edges  are  joined,  only  light 
pressure  need  be  maintained  until  the  joint  is  set.  Tin- 
degree  of  pressure  will  depend  upon  a  number  of  factors, 
among  them  the  area  of  the  joined  surfaces  and  the  char- 
acter of  the  work  itself.  A  half-cylinder  of  material  %" 
thick,  like  that  illustrated  in  Fig.  1,  has  a  high  resiliency 
in  its  structure  that  must  be  taken  into  consideration  in 
the  application  of  pressure,  if  slipping  and  distortion  are 
to  be  avoided.  A  joint  of  this  kind  will  take  a  pressure  of 
less  than  J4  Ps'-  Other  butt  joints  of  larger  cross-section 
and  of  rigid  work  structure  may  take  up  to  10  Ib  per  linear 
inch  of  joint. 

Apply  Resilient  Pressure 

In  all  cementing  operations  in  which  shrinkage  of  the 
joint  is  to  be  compensated  for,  the  bonding  pressure  must 
have  resiliency.  Toward  this  end,  spring  or  battery  clips 
or  rubber  pads  may  be  placed  to  intervene  between  the 
plastics  part  and  the  clamp  or  block  that  supplies  the  pres- 
sure. This  would  be  the  case  for  the  simplest  straight  joints 
on  pieces  whose  surfaces  are  aligned  in  the  same  plane.  But 
where  location  of  parts  in  the  assembly  is  a  problem  at  all, 
jigs  must  be  devised  for  the  purpose.  Regardless  of  the 
method  of  assembly  and  the  means  of  pressure  adopted, 
slipping  of  the  joint  before  or  during  setting  must  be 
guarded  against. 

Left  untreated  when  pressure  is  applied  at  the  edges  of 
a  joint,  the  joint  will  develop  a  welt  which  is  composed  of 
excess  cement  and  softened  plastics  extruded  by  the  applied 
pressure.  If  this  excess  is  lightly  scraped  off  while  it  is 
still  liquid  and  soft,  subsequent  sanding  operations  may  be 
minimized.  The  welt  may  be  contained  almost  to  the  point 
of  imperceptibility,  Mr.  Jensen  points  out,  if  masking  is 
applied  very  close  to  the  joint  edges. 

The  joint  must  be  permitted  to  set  completely  before 
pressure  is  entirely  relieved.  A  joint  that  is  not  fully  set 
will,  if  pressure  is  relieved,  continue  its  shrinkage  until  a 
shallow  channel  is  formed  along  the  line  of  the  joint.  The 
joint  marks  caused  by  such  channeling  are  graphically 
shown  in  Fig.  4.  The  joint  lines  may,  of  course,  be  subse- 
quently eliminated  by  sanding  down  and  polishing  the  en- 
tire surface  of  the  piece  across  which  the  line  appears.  But, 
often  enough,  considerations  of  dimension  and  overall  ap- 
pearance make  the  removal  of  that  much  material  highly 
undesirable.  And  that  is  aside  from  the  amount  of  labor 
time  lost. 

There  is  great  variation  in  setting  time  when  using  dif- 
ferent cementing  agents.  In  the  case  of  some  purely  solvent 
cements,  like  acetic  acid,  a  setting  time  of  3  hr  is  needed 
before  handling  of  the  joined  pieces  is  safe.  On  the  other 


68 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


rtWfffcf 


'ewt  ,  *  *~vr>vw  ~*~**,  is  ^  only  <<test  tube,, 

that  can  correctly  measure  the  outstanding  performance  of  CLUTCH  HEAD 
Screws  .  .  .  for  the  lower  cost  that  comes  from  smoother,  faster  and  safer 
driving.  Compare  these  CLUTCH  HEAD  advantages,  of  both  screw  and 
driver,  with  any  other  screw  on  the  market: 

•jf  Center  Pivot  insures  dead-center  entry  to  prevent  canting;  makes  straight  driving 
automatic. 

*A"  Deep  positive  engagement  for  definite  torque  drive,  elimination  of  chewed-up 
heads,  and  protection  against  slippage  to  damage  manpower  and  materials. 

•jf  Square  instead  of  "tapered"  engagement  disposes  of  "ride-out"  tendency  and 
reduces  end  pressure  fatigue  to  a  minimum. 

•jf  The  exclusive  CLUTCH  HEAD  Lock-On  which  unites  screw  and  bit  as  a  unit  for 
easy  one-handed  reaching  and  driving. 

^  The  unmatched  tool  economy  of  the  Type  "A"  Bit  which  drives  home  extra 
thousands  of  screws,  uninterruptedly  .  .  .  and  which  may  be  repeatedly  recon- 
ditioned to  original  efficiency  by  a  60-second  application  of  the  end  surface  to  • 
grinding  wheel. 

•jt  CLUTCH  HEAD'S  simplification  of  field  service  .  .  .  because  it  is  the  only  modern 
screw  operative  with  an  ordinary  type  screwdriver. 


So  that  you  may  get 
a  first-hand  under- 
standing of  these  many 
advantages,  you  are 
invited  to  send  for  a 
package  assortment  of 


CLUTCH  HEAD  Screws, 
sample  of  the  Type  "A" 
Bit,  and  illustrated 
Brochure.  These  will 
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and  without  obligation. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     3.  NEW   YORK   7 


M\Y 


f»  L  AST  I  T  * 


69 


Fig.  7a.    The  eye-dropper,  a  time-saver,  may  be  used  where 
strength   is   no   consideration.     Cement   one   surface   only 


Fig.  7b.    Wet-surfaced  piece  is  affixed  to  its  mate  in  simple 
locator  jig,  and  the  joint  is  given  momentary  finger  pressure 


hand,  with  some  resin-constituent  cements,  the  joint  sets  in 
less  than  10  min.  A  pre-production  test  is  usually  neces- 
sary to  determine  setting  time,  unless  experience  has  been 
had  with  both  material  and  cementing  agent  on  similar 
work.  As  for  hardening  of  the  joint  to  full  strength  to 
permit  machining,  the  safe  procedure  is  to  allow  at  least 
24  hr. 

Heat  may  be  applied  for  more  rapid  curing  of  joints,  but, 
in  production,  this  is  not  an  especially  advantageous  proce- 
dure and  is  usually  eliminated.  When  rapid  curing  is  de- 
sirable, any  type  of  heat  application  may  be  used,  as  long 
as  the  heat  is  kept  well  below  the  forming  temperature  of 
the  material. 

The  Spread-on  Joint 

What  is  termed  the  "spread-on"  joint  in  this  discussion 
is  intended  to  cover  the  procedures  in  which,  regardless  of 
the  means  used,  the  cement  is  applied  on  the  surfaces  to  be 
joined — frequently  on  only  one  of  the  surfaces.  Various 
applicators  are  utilized  for  the  purpose — brush,  paddle, 
roller,  glass  rod,  even  a  rubber-sheathed  finger.  The  ce- 
ment may  also  simply  be  flowed  on.  The  brush,  which 
would  seem  to  be  the  simplest  and  easiest  means  for  the 
purpose,  is  sometimes  the  least  desirable.  The  extreme 
viscosity  of  many  cements  tends  to  gum  the  brush.  Of 
course,  caking  of  the  applicator  is  likely  to  happen  in  time 
regardless  of  the  device  used.  But  the  cake  is  more  difficult 
to  control  and  remove  from  a  brush  than  it  is  from  a  wood 
or  rubber  paddle,  for  instance,  or  a  roller  or  a  glass  rod. 
Generally  speaking,  the  brush  is  best  adapted  to  the  thin 
solvents. 

While  any  of  the  types  of  cement  used  for  the  acrylic 
soak  joint  may  be  applied  in  the  spread-on  method,  the 
best  spread-on  jobs  are  produced  with  more  viscous  agents, 
provided  that  the  viscosity  is  not  heavy  enough  to  impede 
freedom  of  flow.  A  monomer  cement  used  for  this  purpose, 
if  not  viscous  enough,  may  be  partially  polymerized  by  slow 
and  controlled  heating  to  provide  the  required  viscosity. 
Straight  solvent  cements  may  be  thickened  by  dissolving 
in  them  some  shavings  of  the  same  acrylate  as  that  of  which 
the  parts  to  be  joined  are  made. 

The  cement  need  be  applied  to  only  one  joint  surface,  as  a 
rule,  and  the  parts  may  be  assembled  right  after  that.  Bond- 
ing pressures  applied  to  a  spread-on  joint  are  somewhat 
greater  than  those  used  for  a  soak-joint,  although  it  is  still 
a  mild  pressure.  Precautions  in  connection  with  pressure 
and  setting  time  that  apply  to  the  soak-joint  obtain  for  the 
spread-on  joint  as  well. 

In  the  joining  of  surfaces  of  large  area,  as  in  a  lamina- 
tion, the  degree  of  applied  pressure  will  be  inversely  af- 
fected by  the  weight  of  the  top  sheet.  A  large  sheet  of  %" 
thickness  or  more,  for  instance,  has  a  weight  which,  in  itself, 
provides  much  of  the  pressure  needed.  In  any  case,  the 
bonding  pressure  should  be  sufficient  to  eliminate  all  air 
pockets  and  to  compensate  for  shrinkage  in  the  joint  during 
the  setting  period.  Excessive  pressure,  on  the  other  hand, 
is  also  to  be  avoided,  and  all  the  more  so  when  pressure  is 
localized.  Excessive  local  pressure  is  apt  to  produce  craze 
marks  similar  to  those  which  are  illustrated  in  Fig.  9. 
This  experimental  piece  consists  of  two  ^"-thick  acrylic 
sections  on  the  surface  of  one  of  which  graph  lines  have 
been  painted.  The  lined  surface  was  cemented  to  a  surface 
of  the  companion  sheet,  so  that  the  graph  lines  would  be 
imbedded  within  the  resultant  joint.  A  monomer  cement, 
flowed  on,  was  used  for  the  purpose.  Instead  of  applying 
evenly-distributed  pressure  over  the  whole  assembly,  screw- 
clamp  pressure  of  excessive  proportions  was  applied  over 


Fig.   7c.     After   the  two  pieces  have  become   firmly   joined, 
the  assembly  is  removed  from  the  jig  and  put  aside  to  dry 


70 


MAY  1945 


I 


lr 


•   There  are  three  major  features  which  distinguish  Plaskon  Molded  Color  for 
closures:  utility,  economy,  and  attractiveness. 

Plaskon  molding  materials  are  plastics  that  are  especially  resistant  to  the 
chemical  and  physical  action  of  a  wide  variety  of  products  that  must  be  packaged. 
Plaskon  is  completely  impervious  to  the  effects  of  alcohol,  acetone,  or  other  com- 
mon organic  solvents.  It  is  not  affected  by  oils,  fats  or  greases.  Because  it  is  odorless, 
tasteless  and  inert,  it  has  no  effect  upon  any  products  with  which  it  comes 
into  contact. 

Plaskon  can  be  molded  in  large  quantities  at  very  economical  prices.  Distinctive 
designs  and  shapes  can  be  secured  to  give  new  individuality  to  packages. 

Plaskon  is  available  in  a  wide  range  of  beautiful,  permanent  colors  that  improve 
the  appearance  of  any  container,  catch  the  eye  and  help  make  sales.  We  can  give 
you  helpful  assistance  in  suggesting  designs,  qualified  Plaskon  molders,  and 
technical  advice  so  that  you  can  efficiently  adapt  Plaskon  Molded  Color  to  your 
manufacturing  and  sales  programs. 

PUSKON  DIVISION,  IIBBEY-OWENS- FORD  GLASS  COMPANY,  21M  Sylvan  A»...  ToU4«  «. 

In  Canada:  Canadian  lnduitri««,  Ltd.,  Montreal 


HUH 


MOLDED    COLOR 


Fig.  8.    Twisting  a  key  in  the  cam  supplies  bonding  pressure 
tor  the  two  part*  of  the  handle  of  an  acrylic-framed  mirror 

a  local  area  of  about  1"  in  diameter  and  maintained  until 
the  joint  was  set.  The  multitude  of  fine  craze  lines  seen  in 
the  illustration  was  the  result. 

Mr.  Jensen  considers  monomer  the  only  safe  agent  for 
the  cementing  of  transparent  acrylics  of  large  area.  With 
cements  of  this  type,  he  finds,  the  possibility  of  crazing  is 
minimized,  provided  always  that  excessive  bonding  pres- 
sure is  not  applied.  Many  cements,  especially  solvents  like 
ethylene  dichloride,  will  cause  crazing  in  laminations 
even  where  no  pressure  is  applied,  the  weight  of  the  sheet 
being  sufficient  by  itself  to  provide  a  pressure  that  is  exces- 
sive for  that  cementing  agent. 

Eye-dropper  application  in  the  cementing  of  plastics  (a 
..ow-on  which  is  a  variation  of  spread-on)  is  of  value  for 
rapid  operation  on  joints  of  mild  strength.  Purely  decora- 
tive pieces  and  many  types  of  display  fixture,  in  which  no 
great  stress  is  put  on  the  cemented  joints  in  use,  are  bonded 
by  this  method.  The  aperture  of  the  ordinary  eye-dropper 
is  large  enough  to  take  monomer  and  other  of  the  more 
viscous  cements,  as  well  as  the  thin  solvents.  Jigs  used 
for  eye-dropper  joints  need  no  provision  for  the  application 
of  pressure ;  they  are  devised  purely  for  location  of  the  as- 
sembly. The  eye-dropper  flows  the  cement  onto  the  surface 
of  only  one  of  the  pieces.  The  other  has  already  been  po- 
sitioned in  the  jig.  The  cement-filmed  surface  is  positioned 
on  the  mate  surface,  the  joint  is  given  momentary  finger- 
pressure,  and  the  assembly  is  removed  from  the  jig  and 

Fig.  9.    Jig  for  lamination  of  two  sheets.    Upper  wooden 
board   is   thick   enough   to   distribute   pressure   evenly 


then  put  aside  to  dry.    This  procedure  is  clearly  illustrated 
in  Figs.  7a,  7b  and  7c. 

The  Hypodermic 

Fig.  3  shows  not  so  much  a  method  of  cementing  as  a 
remedial  measure  for  a  misoperation.  Hypodermic  proce- 
dure is  resorted  to  where  bubbles  appear  in  an  assembled 
joint.  The  bubbles  (small  air  pockets)  may  be  caused  by 
any  of  a  number  of  errors,  the  most  frequent  being  insuffi- 
cient immersion  time  for  a  soak  joint  and  insufficient  bond- 
ing pressure,  especially  the  former.  The  condition  must  be 
caught  and  corrected  while  the  joint  is  still  soft  in  order  to 
permit  the  introduction  of  the  hypodermic  needle. 

A  standard  medical  hypodermic  syringe  is  used  for  the 
purpose.  A  barrel  capacity  of  5  cc  will  be  adequate  for  most 
jobs.  The  solution  that  is  used  is  preferably  the  same  as 
that  which  was  applied  as  a  cementing  agent.  Care  must 
be  taken  to  remove  every  vestige  of  air  from  the  syringe 
before  the  needle  is  inserted  into  the  joint,  for  otherwise  it 
will  be  air  and  not  solution  which  is  first  injected.  The  air 
is  expelled  from  the  syringe  by  up-ending  the  syringe  and 
pushing  up  the  plunger  until  a  drop  or  two  of  the  solution  is 
forced  out  of  the  needle  aperture.  With  the  needle  inserted 
into  the  bubble,  the  injection  of  the  cement  forces  the  air  in 
the  pocket  out  along  the  sides  of  the  needle,  as  the  cement 
enters  the  space. 

When,  as  occasionally  happens,  some  difficulty  is  experi- 
enced in  forcing  the  air  out  or  the  cement  in,  wiggling  the 
needle  slightly  will  do  the  trick.  Pressure  must  be  main- 
tained on  the  plunger  to  maintain  the  flow  of  cement  until 
the  needle  is  entirely  withdrawn  from  the  joint,  for  other- 
wise a  new  air  pocket  will  be  left  in  the  space  that  was  occu- 
pied by  the  needle. 

Although  the  hypodermic  should  be  brought  into  play 
while  the  joint  is  still  soft,  the  technique  is  not  entirely 
ruled  out  for  a  hardened  joint.  In  that  contingency,  two 
fine  holes,  of  a  diameter  sufficient  to  allow  an  easy  sliding 
fit  for  the  needle,  are  drilled  into  the  joint  to  reach  the 
bubble.  The  needle  is  introduced  through  one  hole  and  the 
cement  is  injected  into  the  pocket  until  both  the  bubble  and 
the  second  hole  are  filled.  As  the  needle  is  withdrawn  from 
its  own  hole,  plunger  pressure  is  maintained  so  that  this  hole 
is  also  filled  with  cement.  Generally,  only  a  straight  solvent 
can  be  handled  by  the  hypodermic  syringe.  Monomer,  mono- 
mer-solvent and  partial  polymer  cements  are  too  viscous  for 
passage  through  the  bore  of  the  needle. 

There  is  one  other  major  method  of  bonding  acrylics, 
a  "welding"  technique.  This  method,  first  treated  in  the 
November  issue  of  PLASTICS,  provides  for  application  of 
heat  to  depolymerize  the  joint  surfaces  and  then  for  re- 
polymerization  of  the  joint  on  cooling  under  pressure. 
While  it  has  not  yet  achieved  wide  adoption,  this  technique 
has  excellent  potentialities.  It  is  also  quite  possible  that 
it  may  find  application  for  other  thermoplastics  besides 
acrylates. 

Cellulose  Acetates 

Both  the  soak  and  spread-on  techniques  used  for  acryl- 
ics are  fully  applicable  to  cellulose  acetates  and  the  pro- 
cedures and  precautions  are  much  the  same. 

There  are  two  basic  types  of  bonding  agent  for  cellu- 
lose acetates:  Solvent  cements  and  body  or  "dope"  ce- 
ments. Describing  solvent  cements  for  cellulose  acetates 
as  those  "comprising  liquid  solvents  or  blends  of  solvents 
and  diluents,"  a  brochure  of  Celanesc  Plastics  Corporation 
points  out  that,  with  these  agents,  "the  rate  of  evaporation 
and  solvent  attack  may  be  adjusted  to  meet  varying  con- 
ditions and  types  of  work"  and  that  cements  of  this  class 
"act  more  a<  welding  agents  than  as  adhesives,  and  that 
(Continued  on  page  145) 


MAY  194.-> 


73 


After  sensitized  material  is 
exposed  in  a  contact  printer, 
with  a  vinyl  sheet  acting 
as  the  negative,  it  is  devel- 
oped in  the  customary  photo- 
graphic solutions,  washed, 
then  dried  in  racks  as  shown 


Vinyl  Makes 

Precision 

Negatives 


y  Ben  Kuc/nici 
d  ^/r.  U". 


an 

Engineers,   Republic  Aviation  Corp. 


The  Use  of  Opaqued  Sheets  Cuts  Production  Costs, 
Eliminates  a  Costly  Camera,  Improves  Accuracy 


INDUSTRIES  engaged  in  activities  requiring  the  use  of 
precision  templates  will  find  interest  in  a  labor  and  time- 
saving  technique  developed  by  Republic  Aviation,  producers 
of  the  famed  Thunderbolt  P-47  fighter.  Taking  an  impor- 
tant part  in  the  execution  of  this  technique,  transparent  plas- 
tics have  helped  make  possible  the  production  of  large  tem- 
plates which  have  speeded  the  work  of  the  hundreds  of  sub- 
contractors who  are  engaged  in  turning  out  important  parts 
of  the  versatile  fighting  airplane  which  is  making  such  an 
enviable  reputation  for  the  makers,  by  its  phenomenal  suc- 
cess against  the  Nazi  and  the  Japs. 

From  the  industrial  standpoint,  use  of  the  transparent 
plastics  in  this  process,  has  made  possible  the  elimination  of 
the  use  of  a  camera  with  its  resulting  disadvantages  while 
keeping  the  many  obvious  advantages  of  photographic  re- 


production. In  the  past,  the  making  of  large  templates  has 
run  the  gamut  of  many  photographic  processes  for  trans- 
ferring engineering  drawings  to  metal.  Unfortunately,  most 
of  them  are  not  practical  for  the  small  manufacturer. 

Cameras  with  lenses  of  sufficient  focal  length  to  take  72" 
work  are  almost  prohibitively  expensive  and  any  enlarging 
process  causes  some  distortion — difficulties  at  the  edge  of 
large  pieces  of  work  are  encountered  even  when  the  best 
obtainable  lenses  are  used.  Also,  in  methods  employing 
X-Ray  there  is  the  need  for  expensive  precautions  against 
the  dangers  of  the  rays  besides  the  added  expense  of  delicate 
equipment  and  skilled  operators. 

Now,  Republic  Aviation  is  releasing  to  industry  the  proc- 
ess, known  as  Ray-Product ion  which  eliminates  these  dis- 
advantages and  offers  both  unquestioned  accuracy  and  un- 


74 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


The  Standard  Products  Co.,  Port  Clinton,  Ohio  Plant 


Reid  Products,  Diriiion  of  The  Standard 
Products  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


The  Standard  Products  Co., 
Marine  City,  Mich.  Plant 


The  Standard  Products  Co., 
Plastics  Division,  St.  Clair,  Mich. 


One  of  the  largest  injector  (tresses  in  the  uortd. 
Plastics  Division,  St.  Clair,  Mich. 


At  your  service 


THE  STANDARD  PRODUCTS  COMPANY  is  an  organization  of  engineers 
and  technicians  dedicated  to  the  designing  and  manufacturing  of 
Steechan  glass-run  window  channel,  mechanical  rubber  goods,  metal 
stampings,  thermo  plastics,  thermo  setting  plastics,  armament,  munitions 
and  automobile  hardware. 

Through  years  of  experience,  this  company  has  acquired  a  wealth  of 
knowledge  in  the  art  of  creative  development  and  production.  Standard 
Products  reputation  for  efficiency  in  manufacturing  did  not  just  happen, 
but  is  the  result  of  a  slow,  careful  building  process,  developed  by  a  corps 
of  top-flight  executives,  engineers  and  loyal  workers  .  .  .  definite  per- 
sonalities that  are  reflected  in  the  products  they  produce. 

*  *  * 

The  Standard  Products'  engineering  and  planning  divisions  are  at 
your  service.  Mail  all  inquiries  to  The  Standard  Products  Company. 
50)  Boulevard  Bldg.,  East  Grand  Blvd.  at  VC'oodu-ard,  Detroit  2,  Mich. 


THE    STANDARD    PRODUCTS    COMPAN 


G»n«ro/    Officet    and    Research     Laboratory  —  505     Boulevard     Bldg.,     Detroit     2.     Mich 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


ma 
n .^-M-      •  ~.. 


4> 


v 
\ 


A  composite  master  layout  and  individual  templates  fabricated  by  the  Ray  Production  method 


precedented  savings  in  the  making  of  templates.  For  Ray- 
Production  no  camera  is  needed,  the  usual  intermediate  step 
of  making  a  glass  negative  is  eliminated,  there  is  no  possi- 
bility of  distortion,  no  X-Ray  is  employed,  and  the  expen- 
sive process  of  sensitizing  metal  by  adhering  Pliofilm  or 
rolling  on  paste  has  been  changed  to  the  more  economical 
and  more  efficient  method  of  spray  coating. 

Ray-Production  which  has  been  in  use  at  Republic  for 
some  time  now  is  a  fast,  simplified  and  extremely  accurate 
method  of  reproducing  lines  on  any  flat  working  surface, 
i.e.,  aluminum,  steel,  wood,  plastics,  paper,  etc.  The  many  ad- 
vantages in  being  able  to  sensitize  any  type  of  material  and 
rapidly  duplicate  on  these  surfaces  all  lines,  contours,  intri- 


The  templates  made  from  a  vinyl  negative  were 
combined  to  produce  this  complete  plaster  mold 


cate  shapes  and  hole  patterns  immediately  become  apparent 
when  viewed  in  the  light  of  the  variety  of  uses  that  have 
already  been  accomplished. 

Lofted  layouts  are  the  working  foundation  from  which 
all  tooling  starts.  Obviously,  it  follows  that  the  reproduc- 
tion of  lines  on  metal  and  other  materials  is  valuable  to  any 
industry  that  uses  patterns,  templates,  tools,  dies,  jigs  and 
assembly  fixtures. 

The  Ray- Production  process  uses  two  types  of  negatives 
— vinyl  and  metal.  The  vinyl  negatives  are  used  for  all 
detail  layouts,  flat  patterns,  form  blocks  and  the  co-or- 
dination of  hole  patterns,  but  are  at  present  limited  in  size 
to  20"  by  50"  overall.  The  metal  is  used  on  larger  work. 

The  preparation  of  a  plastics  negative  is  accomplished  by 
spraying  a  clear  sheet  of  vinyl  with  an  opaque  coating. 
The  color  of  this  coating  is  light  gray,  almost  white.  This 
color  of  the  opaque  coating  may  be  any  shade  that  is  de- 
sirable ;  however,  white  is  chosen  because  of  the  necessity 
of  using  construction  lines  in  pencil,  such  as  radial  lines  for 
the  development  of  basic  contours,  or  grid  lines  for  reference 
purposes.  Another  method  of  obtaining  radial  and  grid 
lines  by  the  use  of  Ray-Production  will  be  described  here 
subsequently.  Obviously,  these  lines  will  not  be  required 
on  the  positive  master  reproduction,  but  are  essential  to  the 
loft  engineer  for  development  work. 

The  loftsman's  interpretation  of  the  engineer's  design 
may  now  be  accomplished  by  simply  scribing  through  the 
opaque  coating,  thus  exposing  the  clear  plastics  sheet,  which 
may  now  be  used  as  a  photographic  negative  with  all  letter- 
ing being  printed  in  reverse. 

Any  number  of  positive  master  reproductions  may  now  be 
obtained  by  placing  the  plastics  negative  in  a  contact  printer 
with  a  previously  sensitized  sheet  of  material,  expose  for  ap- 
proximately .5  sec  and  develop  in  the  usual  developing  and 
fixing  solutions,  in  a  manner  which  is  well  known  to  the 
photographic  art.  These  reproductions  can  then  be  washed, 
dried  and  made  ready  quickly  for  shop  use. 

There  are  several  unique  applications  for  both  types  of 
(Continued  on  page  147) 


76 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


PROVED  BY  WAR— — — — 


IMPROVIO 


WRIT 


RESINS 

THEtMOStTTINO   PHENOL-FU*FU*AL   AND  PHENOL-FOHMALDEHYDl   TYPtS 


ADHESIVES 

THtlMOSf  TTING  AND  COLD-SETTING 


THERMOSETTING   CEMENTS 

FOf   MfJAL-TO  MfTAL  AND   OTHER  APPLICATIONS 


MOLDING    COMPOUNDS 


OIL   SOLUBLE   RESINS 


WATER    SOLUBLE   RESINS 


NEW   PROCESSES 


OUf?   EXPERIENCE  IS  AVAILABLE  TO    YOU 


LY  1945 


INCORPORATED 

FRANKFORD    STATION    f.    O.        PHILADELPHIA    24,    PA. 
REPRESENTATIVES     LOCATID    ATl 

3838  Santa  Fe  Av*.,         1274   Foliom   St.,         67  Lexington  Ave.,    4226  Cedar  Spr.ng.. 
lot  Angelas  11,  Cal.    San  Fronciico  3,  Cal.       Buffalo  9,  N.  Y.          Dallas  4,  Te«ai 

352  Plymouth  Rood,      245  W.  Franklin  Si.,     2711  Oliv.  St.,     4851  S.  St.  loui.  Av»., 
Union,  N«w  J.r..y  MorrhvilU,  Pa.          St.  Louis  3,  Mo.  Chicago  32,  III. 

PLASTICS 


11 


Enhancing  Injection 
Molding  Efficiency 


.    Ljalen 


oitJe 


Vice-President 
Arnold  Brilhart,  Ltd. 


Molder  Finds  Vertical  Press  Improves 
Operating  Speed  and  Insert  Retention 


THE  rapid  growth  of  the  plastics  industry,  and  the  ratej 
of  activity  which  it  has  attained,  especially  in  recent] 
years,  has  inevitably  embraced  a  considerable  amount  of 
experimentation,  testing,  and  proving  of  methods  and  pro- 
cedures. 

One  of  the  most  outstanding  examples  of  this,  in  the  ex- 
perience of  Arnold  Brilhart  Co..  has  been  in  the  use  of 
vertical  molding  machinery.  Several  months  ago  this  com- 
pany added  to  its  equipment  a  12-oz.  Lester-Phoenix  verti 
cal  injection  press  (see  Fig.  1)  which  has,  to  date,  prove< 
in  production  to  have  numerous  benefits. 

The  most  striking  examples  of  these  benefits  are  indicate< 
by  the  recent  increase  in  the  use  of  inserts  in  the  moldinf 
of  thermoplastic  materials.  A  few  years  ago,  very  littK 
insert  work  was  done  in  injection  molding,  and  when  th( 
necessity  for  this  type  of  work  was  observed,  it  was  hel< 
back  by  the  fact  that  placing  inserts  sideways  in  mold^  \va 
often  a  slow  and  laborious  process,  and  that  the  insert 
tended  to  shake  loose  in  the  course  of  molding, .resulting  it 
high  rejection  rates. 

In  molding  around  inserts,  there  are  several  factors  t 
be  considered.  First,  the  force  of  gravity:  It  is  obviou 
that  a  steel  pin,  let  us  say,  which  is  standing  in  a  shallov 
hole  bored  into  a  horizontal  surface,  is  much  more  stabl 
than  it  would  be  if  it  were  placed  in  a  hole  of  equal  dept 
bored  into  a  vertical  surface.  In  the  former  case,  gravit 
tends  to  pull  the  pin  downward  toward  its  seat,  while  in  th 
latter,  gravity  has  a  tendency  to  pull  the  pin  away  frori 
its  seat. 

When  inserts  are  placed  in  the  side  of  a  mold,  both  th 
normal  vibration  of  the  machine  and  the  acceleration  an 
deceleration  of  the  movable  platen  may  cause  the  inserts  t 
chatter  and  shake  loose.  If  inserts  fall  out  of  position  jus 
as  the  mold  closes,  there  is  danger  that  the  mold  may  b 
seriously  damaged  or  completely  ruined,  at  great  cost  to  til 
niolder.  If  the  inserts  merely  shake  loose  but  do  not  fal 
they  may  render  the  moldings  worthless,  and  raise  both  th 
reject  rate  and  the  molding  time  of  the  acceptable  parts  s 
high  as  to  make  the  cost  prohibitive  and  the  entire  job  in- 
practical. 


Fig.  1.  Lester-Phoenix  3-V-12  vertical  injection  machine  (hydraulic 
system  not  shown)  is  installed  three  feet  below  floor  tevel  so 
that  the  mold  opening  is  at  a  height  convenient  for  the  operator 


78 


Fig.  2.  This  view  of  the  3 
V-12  injection  molding  ma- 
chine shows  part  oi  the  mold 
actuating  mechanism,  which 
operates  vertically  and  ex- 
tends below  floor  level.  The 
hydraulic  system  can  be 
mounted  on  the  same  base 
as  the  machine,  or  can  be 
installed  in  the  basement 


The  precaution  must  therefore  be  taken  to  design  dies  and 
inserts  in  such  manner  that  the  latter  cannot  work  loose 
and  fall.  This,  too,  takes  time  and  costs  money.  Take  Fig. 
4,  for  example.  Here  it  is  desired  to  mold  a  plastics  part 
with  a  metal  insert,  the  insert  being  a  solid  cylinder  l/%'  in 
diameter  and  $i"  long,  with  J/£"  of  the  insert  extending  out 
of  the  plastics  material.  Ordinarily,  each  insert  would  have 
10  include  a  pin  which  extends  into  the  mold  far  enough  to 
hold  the  insert  securely.  The  mold  must  be  drilled  for  the 
pin  and  counterbored  for  the  insert.  After  the  moldings 
are  made,  the  pins,  which  are  then  useless,  must  be  removed. 
Clearly,  both  the  additional  die  work  and  the  post-molding 
machine  work  consume  time  and  money.  Making  the  part 
on  a  vertical  press  renders  the  pin  unnecessary,  because  the 
inserts  will  stand  firmly  in  the  W  hole  prepared  for  them. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  motion  study  and  cost  of  labor 
involved  in  the  placing  of  inserts,  the  vertical  machine 
offers  other  benefits.  It  can  be  slow  and  difficult  work 
to  place  a  large  number  of  inserts  in  a  mold  which  faces  to 
the  side.  The  worker  must  operate  in  several  different 
planes,  consuming  far  more  time  and  energy  pushing  inserts 
into  place  than  if  he  were  working  on  a  single  horizontal 
plane  dropping  the  inserts  into  position. 

Moreover,  when  the  mold  is  horizontal  it  is  a  simple 
matter  to  design  a  holding  fixture  which  will  position  the 
inserts  accurately  and  then  drop  them  into  position  as  a 
ottom  slide  is  withdrawn.  Such  devices  are  particularly 
valuable  to  place  the  inserts  in  multiple  cavity  molds.  An 
unskilled  worker  can  load  a  number  of  fixtures  in  advance 
of  the  molding  operation. 

Fig.  5a  shows  a  flat  metal  ring  with  a  thicker  ring  ol 
plastics  material  molded  around  its  outside  diameter  and 
extending  about  halfway  inward  toward  its  inside  diameter. 
Fig.  5b  shows  how  securely  the  insert  lies  on  the  bottom 
half  of  the  mold  in  a  vertical  press,  with  little  danger  of 
dislodging  during  the  closing  of  the  mold. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  inserts  arc  almost  always 
placed  in  the  movable  half  of  the  mold,  whether  a  vertical 
or  horizontal  press  is  being  used.  Molds  are  designed  to 
enable  the  movable  half  to  pull  the  molding  out  of  the 
stationary  half,  and  if  inserts  were  placed  in  the  latter  they 
would  tend  to  hold  the  molding  hack  and  tear  it  apart.  In 

Fig.  3.     How  material  descends  and  is  heated  in  a  vertical  press 

MAY  194.')  PLASTU'S  79 


plastic 
screening 


LASTIC  screening  will  revolutionize  and  replace  the  manufacture  of  metal 
screening.  The  process  of  making  plastic  screening  is  basically  covered  by 
U.  S.  Patent  No.  2,364,404  and  others,  on  both  the  article  and  the  method 
of  manufacturing. 

Several  companies  are  now  producing  plastic  screening  under  this  process.  We 
invite  inquiries  from  reliable  manufacturers  for  licenses  under  reasonable  terms. 

Plastic  screening  is  made  in  a  manner  similar  to  metal  screening,  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  simple  attachment  to  standard  weaving  machines.  Nylon  or  any 
suitable  thermoplastic  can  be  used  in  its  manufacture. 


Post-War  Markets 

Today,  millions  of  square  yards  are 
being  made,  all  going  to  the  armed 
forces.  Here  is  a  wonderful  post-war 
product,  well  worth  investigating  im- 
mediately. 


We  are  arranging  to  grant  manufac- 
turing licenses.    Inquiries  are  invited. 


RADIO   PATENTS 
CORPORATION 

10  EAST  ^.OTH  STREET. 
NEW  YORK  z6,  N.  Y. 


PLASTIC    SCREENING    IS    COVERED    BY    U.    S.    PATENTS     2,278,538,     2,297,729, 


80 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


do  you  want  to  make 
plastic  screening? 


PLASTIC  SCREENING   IS  SUPERIOR 
TO  ANY  METAL  SCREENING 


LeSS    Weight  Plastic  Screening   is  five  to   eight  times  lighter  than   equivalent   metal 

^~^^^~~^^^~"  screening. 

tO  Handle      Screens  can  be  made  to  roll  up  like  a  window  shade,  or  zipped  or  clipped 
into  place. 


Stronger 


Inexpensive 


Durable 

Passes  More 
Light 


//  a  hole  is  pierced  through  the  screen  with  a  pencil  or  sharp,  pointed  ob- 
ject, the  threads  realign  themselves  immediately,  the  hole  disappears,  and 
the  screen  remains  uninjured.  Extremely  resilient — /'/  resists  dents  and 
bulges. 

With  improved  frame  and  other  construction,  modern  plastic  screening 
will  cost  less  than  any  metal  screen.  Its  initial  cost  will  be  about  the  same 
as  any  good  grade  metal  screening,  but  its  longer  life,  easier  handling  and 
lower  mounting  charge  makes  it  much  cheaper  than  any  finished  metal 


The  plastic  screen  is  non-corrosive,  unaffected  by  salt  air,  easily  washable. 

It  can  be  made  in  various  color  schemes  and  used  for  decorative  purposes. 
It  admits  more  light  than  does  metal  screening.  It  can  be  made  opaque, 
translucent  or  transparent. 


Some  of  the  Uses 
of  Plastic  Screening 

Besides  Insect  Screening,  it  can  be  used 
for  light  summer  furniture,  hammocks, 
chair  seats,  bed  springs,  upholstery  base, 
stretchers,  nets,  shoes,  purses  and  nu- 
merous other  applications. 


We  are  arranging  to  grant  manufac- 
turing licenses.    Inquiries  are  invited. 


RADIO   PATENTS 
CORPORATION 

10  EAST  ^.OTH  STREET 
NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 


2,349,226,      2,355,635,      2,364,404,       2,368,689        OTHERS      PENDING 


I  •  I,  t  ST1CS 


rCOUNTERBORE  ONLY 


Fig.  4.     Horizontal  molds  ofier  simple  insert  installation 


•PLASTIC  MOLDING 


METAL  RING 


Fig.  5a.    Side  view  o!  insert  shown  in  Fig.  Sb 


PARTING  LINE  OF  MOLDj7 


INSERT  LIES   FLAT 


Fig.  Sb.    Flat  ring  insert  lies  securely  on  the  bottom  of  mold 
82 


a  horizontal  press  it  is  possible,  if  necessary,  to  install  in- 
serts in  both  halves  of  the  mold,  while  this  is  impossible  in 
a  vertical  press. 

In  most  cases,  the  fact  that  the  movable  half  of  the  mold 
moves  downward  in  a  vertical  press  is  an  additional  ad- 
vantage in  that  gravity  helps  separate  the  molding  from  the 
upper  or  stationary  half  of  the  mold. 

As  this  is  written,  the  Brilhart  plant  has  had  production 
runs  on  two  highly  critical  parts  for  military  equipment, 
both  of  which  were  previously  regarded  as  impossible  to 
produce  from  thermoplastic  materials,  and  it  is  now  evident 
that  many  other  items  can  be  made  on  the  vertical  press 
which  would  otherwise  have  to  be  designed  for  different 
materials  and  different  production  methods. 

Reducing  Shrinkage 

One  of  the  parts  now  being  made  is  a  diopter  ring  for 
binoculars,  previously  made  of  aluminum  at  high  cost.  The 
manufacturer  decided  to  mold  it  of  plastics  material  to  save 
weight  and  money,  but  after  the  die  was  built  it  was  found 
that  the  plastics  parts  shattered  too  easily  to  meet  Govern- 
ment specifications.  The  job  was  turned  over  to  Brilhart 
and  was  molded  with  a  metal  insert  to  add  strength.  This 
job  has  been  found  simple  and  speedy  with  the  vertical 
press.  Made  of  Lucite  (HM  122),  it  is  now  being  produced 
at  the  rate  of  200  per  hr. 

A  13"  diameter  ring  for  a  Naval  instrument,  always 
hitherto  made  of  bronze,  is  now  also  being  made  of  Lucitc 
on  the  vertical  press.  (Because  of  their  critical  nature,  it 
is  not  permitted  to  show  photographs  or  drawings  of  either 
of  these  parts,  or  to  describe  their  function  in  detail.) 
This  part  had  been  thought  impossible  to  mold  because 
plastics  materials  tended  to  shrink  beyond  the  limits  pre- 
scribed by  Government  specifications,  and  tended  to  warp 
because  the  part  involved  has  a  thick  section  adjoining  a 
thin  section.  Although  Lucite  is  reputed  to  shrink  .008" 
per  inch  of  span,  it  was  possible,  on  a  vertical  press,  to  re- 
duce shrinkage  to  a  minimum  which  met  the  specifications, 
and  to  mold  the  part  to  a  dimensional  tolerance  of  +  -002", 
—  .000.  Instrumental  in  maintaining  this  accuracy,  and 
eliminating  shrinkage,  is  a  special  flow-control  valve  which 
controls  the  speed  of  the  plunger  at  any  point  in  its  descent, 
from  a  predetermined  velocity  to  zero,  and  makes  possible 
the  independent  control  of  injection  speed  and  pressure. 
The  ring  described  here  was  molded  at  low  injection  speed 
and  20,000  psi  pressure. 

The  vertical  machine  construction  offered  another  advan- 
tage in  this  instance.  The  ring  is  removed  from  the  mold 
by  stripper  plates  which  move  the  stripper  plate,  with  the 
molding,  off  the  core.  If  the  mold  were  built  for  a  horizon- 
tal press,  it  would  have  to  have  very  closely  lapped  pins  and 
bushings,  so  that  stripper  plates  would  ride  freely  and  not 
lock.  It  is  estimated  that  mold  construction  time  and  cost 
has  been  increased  more  than  60%  by  the  vertical  design. 

Facilitating  Mold  Set-up 

An  advantage  claimed  for  vertical  construction  is  easier 
setting  up  of  molds.  The  mold  is  wheeled  up  to  the  machine 
on  a  die  table  instead  of  being  lowered  through  the  top  of 
the  machine  frame  by  crane.  The  large  mold  space,  unim- 
peded by  bars  or  other  interfering  mechanism,  is  also  an 
important  factor  in  the  ease  of  getting  the  mold  into  the 
machine  and  properly  aligned.  (Fig.  6). 

Although  the  machine  shown  in  Fig.  1  is  now  being  used 
only  for  injection  molding  of  thermoplastics,  it  was  de- 
signed and  can  be  used  also  for  the  jet  molding  of  thermo- 
setting  materials  and  the  injection  molding  of  electronically- 
heated  thermosetting  preforms.  The  change  from  one 
process  to  another  can  be  accomplished  with  little  loss  of 
time. 

(Continued  on  page  112) 


PLASTt CS 


MAY  1945 


*'  ""'     <*"">•'.  .,«. 

0 


vC'V  {••--. ^.  • 

-.-'•'.   ..  - 


.', 


MAY  1945 


I •  I .  ^t  S  T  f  f ' « 


83 


-MONOMER 


H 


H,6-OH 


SECTION      OF    A     CELLULOSE     POLYMER 


FIGURE 


Understanding1  Plastics 
Ghent  is  try ... 

Part  I — An  Introduction  to  the  Intricacies  of  Chemical  Structure, 
With  Special  Emphasis  on  the  Cellulosics  and  Their  Derivatives 


olJr. 


.  brother 


Presently  in  charge  of  protein  research  at  the  U.  S.  Soybean 
Industrial  Products  Laboratory,  Urbana,  III.,  and  at  Western 
Regional  Research  Laboratory,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, Albany,  Calif.,  the  author  has  contributed  much  to  the 
development  of  plastics,  as  exemplified  by  "Karolith,"  a  casein 
material,  which  he  brought  to  successful  manufacture  after 
research  at  Mellon  Institute.  He  has  also  produced  lacquer 
finishes  for  leather  and  chemical  control  of  calf-skin  tanning 
for  Griess-Pfleger  Tanning  Co.,  and  adhesives,  coatings  and 
other  plastics  for  United  Shoe  Machinery  Corp. 


PERSONS  interested  in  plastics  may  be  divided  roughly 
into  three  groups:  The  research  chemists,  who  are 
well  informed  on  the  composition  and  chemical  structure  of 
plastics  but  have  had  little  or  no  experience  in  molding  and 
fabrication  techniques ;  the  plastics  operators,  who  have  had 
extensive  experience  in  fabrication  but  have  only  vague 
ideas  regarding  composition  and  structure ;  and  the  general 
public,  to  whom  plastics  are  versatile,  but  mysterious  mate- 
rials. 

The  operating  engineers  are  doing  an  excellent  job  on  the 
publication  of  methods  and  operations  of  plastics  fabrica- 
tion, and  the  literature  issued  by  the  chemists  is  inclusive 
and  progressive.  It  is  the  object  of  this  series  to  discuss  the 


complicated  subject  of  plastics'  chemical  structure  in  such 
a  way  as  to  give  those  who  are  interested,  but  have  little  or 
no  chemical  background,  a  useful  picture  of  the  materials. 
Such  a  picture  is  vital  if  one  is  to  have  a  genuine  under- 
standing of  the  properties  of  the  16  or  so  principal  plastics 
and  be  able  to  apply  them  intelligently.  It  does  not  pretend 
to  be  complete.  For  the  details  omitted,  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  the  excellent  literature  on  the  subject  of  high 
polymers. 

Plastics  are  all  produced  from  organic  (carbon)  com- 
pounds, such  as  coal,  petroleum,  acetylene,  plant  or  animal 
products.  Carbon  is  the  principal  constituent  of  these,  as 
evidenced  by  sooty  (carbon)  smoke  or  the  formation  of  a 
black  char  (carbon  )  when  they  burn.  Plastics  show  the 
same  characteristics.  In  addition  to  carbon,  hydrogen  oc- 
curs in  all  plastics,  together  in  some  cases  with  oxygen  and 
or  nitrogen  and  a  few  other  elements.  Plastics  which  are 
non-flammable  contain  chlorine.  The  composition  of  plas- 
tics is  thus  seen  to  be  quite  simple.  The  complication  cen- 
ters, as  with  all  organic  materials,  in  the  different  ways 
these  few  elements  are  united  or  combined  to  produce  the 
different  plastics,  or  in  other  words,  in  the  relationship  and 
arrangement  of  the  chemical  components.  One  property 
common  to  all  plastics  is  apparent  from  their  composition ; 
i.e.,  inability  to  withstand  high  temperatures  without  de- 
composition and  charring. 

Little  was  known  about  the  structures  of  plastics,  except 
that  they  were  complex,  until  Wallace  Hume  Carothers,  a 
research  chemist  working  for  du  Pont,  formulated  in  the 
early  1930's  what  has  come  to  be  known  as  the  theory  of 
high  polymers.  The  direct  results  of  Carother's  work  was 
the  development  of  nylon  and  the  improvement  of  Dufrene 
to  Neoprene.  The  indirect  and  far  more  important  result 
has  been  the  explanation  and  understanding  of  the  structure 
not  only  of  plastics,  but  also  fibres  and  rubbers,  and  the  de- 
velopment of  many  new  plastics,  fibres  and  rubbers.  The 


84 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


PEACE 


is  a  beautiful  word.  Merely  to  mention  it  brings  visions 
of  wonderful  things:  Children  at  play;  men  fishing,  gardening,  relaxing; 
mothers'  eyes  and  hearts  smiling;  everybody  happy. 

To  fight  for  peace  is  such  a  paradox.  Yet  that  is  what  we  fight  for!  We  look 
forward  to  seeing  the  pendulum  swing  fast  towards  Victory  and  Peace! 

"K"  All  our  manufacturing  skill  and  power  are  now  being  directed  to  help  bring  Victory 
and  Peace.  When  that  day  comes  we  will  then  be  able  to  direct  our  activities  to  peace- 
time production.  We  eagerly  anticipate  serving  you  with  your  peace-time  plastic  needs. 


PLASTICS  co. 

yf  /      ARLINGTON,   N.   J.      Formerly  The  Insel  Co. 


MAY  1945 


I •  LA  STIC S 


85 


MONOMER    OF   A    CELLULOSE     NITRA 


FIGURE  2 

success  of  the  recent  synthetic  rubber  program  owes  much 
to  this  theory.  Plastics,  fibres  and  rubbers  are  all  organic 
high  polymers,  linear  in  organization,  permanently  or  at 
some  stage  in  their  production. 

In  order  to  understand  what  is  meant  by  the  term  "high 
polymer",  it  is  necessary  to  consider  the  fundamental  unit 
of  a  compound — the  molecule.  A  high  polymer  molecule  is 
made  up  of  one  or  more  groups  of  elements,  which  may  have 
existed  as  separate  molecules,  combined  so  that  the  group  is 
repeated  again  and  again.  By  "high"  is  meant  "large",  so 
in  a  high  polymer  these  repeating  units  will  be  in  the  hun- 
dreds. The  unit  is  known  as  a  "monomer".  If  the  high 
polymer  is  linear,  the  units  will  be  strung  out  in  a  chain 
form.  For  example,  if  "A"  represents  a  monomer,  then  a 
linear  high  polymer  of  it  would  have  the  structure 

_A— A— A— A— A— A— A— 

If  there  are  two  or  more  different  monomers,  such  as  "A" 
and  "B",  a  copolymer  results: 

_A— A— B— A— A— A— B— A— 

The  process  of  forming  polymers  is  known  as  "polymeriza- 
tion". If  any  by-product  results,  usually  water,  it  is  called 
polymerization  by  condensation,  or  simply  "condensation". 
The  reaction  is  induced  by  the  presence  of  agents  known  as 
"catalysts",  which  are  not  found  in  the  final  product,  and  the 
time  necessary  for  the  polymerization  is  reduced  by  applica- 
tion of  comparatively  low  temperatures,  about  350°  F  being 
the  maximum. 

In  order  to  represent  and  correlate  the  chemical  struc- 
tures of  the  different  plastics,  it  will  be  found  helpful  to  ap- 
ply some  of  the  terminology  and  conventions  of  the  organic 
chemists.  By  these,  elements  are  represented  by  letters  of 
the  alphabet ;  thus  C  represents  carbon  and  Cu,  copper.  This 
symbol  also  represents  the  "unit  fixed  combining  weight"  of 


MONOMER   OF   CELLULOSE    TRIACETATE 


the  element ;  i.  e.,  the  unit  relative  weight  of  the  element  al- 
ways found  in  combination.  For  example,  C  represents  12 
weight  units  of  carbon,  O  represents  16  of  oxygen.  CO> 
therefore  represents  12  plus  (16X2)  or  44,  which  is  known 
as  the  "molecular  weight".  This  is  not  the  weight  of  a  mole- 
cule, but  rather  the  sum  of  the  relative  combining  weights 
of  the  elements  making  up  the  molecule.  There  are  well  es- 
tabled  methods  for  the  laboratory  determination  of  the  mole- 
cular weights  of  polymers,  from  which  the  number  of  mono- 
mers in  the  polymer  is  readily  calculated  by  simple  division, 
the  molecular  weight  of  the  monomer  being  obtained  as  was 
that  of  carbon  dioxide  above. 

For  the  mechanics  of  combination,  each  element  has  been 
found  to  possess  a  fixed  number  of  bonds  the  nature  of 
which  involves  complicated  mathematical  physics  for  expla- 
nation and  understanding,  but  which  are  structurally  rep- 
resented in  this  series  simply  as  dashes.  Thus  carbon 

I 


has  4;  oxygen  ( — O — ),  2;  Hydrogen  (H — ),  1 ;  nitrogen 

I 
-N-      or-N  = 

has  3  or  5,  as  shown;  chlorine  (Cl — )  one,  and  so  on. 
Thus  carbon  combines  with  4  hydrogens, 

H 

I 

H-C-H 

I 
H 

2  oxygens    (O  =  C  =  O),    1    hydrogen   and    1    nitrogen: 

H-C=N 

The  structure  of  organic  compounds  is  made  up  of  count- 
less carbon-to-carbon  bondings.  Where  single  bonding 
satisfies  elemental  proportion,  the  compounds  are  called 
saturated,  as  for  example  ethane  (GH«): 

H      H 
I        I 

H— C— C— H 
I        I 
H       H 

Where  single  bonding  does  not  satisfy,  double  or  triple 
bonding  is  indicated  and  the  compounds  are  called  unsat- 
urated,  thus  ethylene  (GH«) 

H      H 

I       I 
H— C=C— H 

and  acetylene,  GHj  (H — G=C — H).  Unsaturated  com- 
pounds are,  in  general,  more  reactive  than  saturated.  Car- 
bon-to-carbon structure  consists  of  straight  chains 

I       I       I       I       I 

— c-c-c-c— c— 

I     I     I     I     I 

-c  — 

I 

(C — C — C — C — C),  branched  chains  and  rings,  the  most 
common  being  the  "benzene"  ring,  which  by  convention  is 
usually  represented  by  a  hexagon,  thus : 

H 
I 
C 


FIGURE  3 


86 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Thorough  Spade  Work 

brings  results 


m  M<   loin     GARDENERS    by    the    hundreds 
of  thousands  throughout   the  nation   are 

•  now   entering   upon   their   third   year   of   "war 
gardening."      Their    contribution    toward    l>»l- 

•  stering    the    country's    food    supply    has    been 
i   tremendous.     But  many  of  them  have  learned, 
.    through   bitter  experience,  that  to   get   results 

•  thorough  spade  work  must  be  done.     Scratch- 
.'    ing  the  surface  with  a  rake  or  hoe  doesn't  do 

the  job. 


METAL-PLASTICS 


Here  at  Lance  we've  learned  long  ago  that 
thorough  "spade  work"  is  the  only  method 
which  produces  satisfactory  results.  And  by 
satisfactory  results  we  mean  not  only  the  finished 
product,  but  the  means  toward  that  end. 
Thorough  spade  work  encompasses  proper  de- 
sign .  .  .  the  careful  selection  of  materials  .  .  . 
the  decision  as  to  how  to  build  the  tools  .  .  .  re- 
search into  every  condition  affecting  every 
phase  of  the  job  at  hand.  That's  what  thorough 
"spade  work"  means  to  us.  And  to  top  it  all — 
that's  what  spells  satisfaction  for  our  customers. 


Maybe  you  don't  like  to  do  "ipadc 
work" — a  lot  of  people  don't.  While 
we're  not  in  buiincii  to  do  all  the 
other  fellow's  thinking,  we  arc  ready 
to  cooperate  in  doing  all  the  "ipade 
work"  necessary  where  there's  a* 
even  chance  of  a  good  crop.  Your 
inquiry  ii  all  we  need. 


inng 
Company 


FIFTH    and    COURTLAND    STREETS     •    PHILADELPHIA   40,   PENN, 


MAY  1945 


I •  LASTtC S 


4tr 


H  H 
MONOMER     OF    AN     ETHYL     CELLUlJOSE 


FIGURE  4 

The  straight  chain  carbon-to-carbon  bonding  is  of  im- 
portance in  high  polymer  structure  because  in  most  cases 
the  "backbone"  consists  of  this  formation,  while  the  reactive 
portions  of  the  molecule  are  found  in  the  branched  side 
chains.  In  a  few  important  polymers,  notably  cellulose  and 
cellulose  derivatives  and  the  phenolics,  rings  are  the  major 
part  of  the  backbone. 

Plastics,  fibres,  and  rubbers  are  organic  linear  high  poly- 
mers. If  roughly  oriented — that  is,  if  the  molecular  chains 
are  arranged  and  extended  along  the  same  axis  by  extru- 
sion or  milling  on  rolls  and  then  stretched — they  can  be  dif- 
ferentiated. The  rubbers  will  snap  back  to  the  original  posi- 
tion upon  release  of  stretching  force,  the  plastics  will  return 
slowly,  while  fibres  will  remain  in  the  stretched  position  and 
will  show,  when  tested,  a  marked  increase  in  tensile 
strength. 

The  reason  for  this  difference  will  be  found  in  the  struc- 
ture of  the  side  chains.  If  these  are  large  and  bulky  and 
contain  groups  exerting  but  feeble  attraction  for  groups  on 
other  chains,  the  chains  cannot  pack  closely  nor  be  held 
when  drawn  together  by  stretching,  so  the  material  snaps 
back  to  its  original  position.  If  on  the  other  hand,  the 
groups  are  small  and  do  exert  strong  attractive  forces,  the 
material  remains  stretched  and  by  the  locking  of  these  forces 
between  the  closely-packed  chains,  increases  resistance  to 
slippage  and  rupture.  Plastics,  in  structure  and  properties, 
are  seen  to  be  intermediate  between  rubbers  and  fibres.  The 
introduction  of  substances  which  are  attracted  and  held  be- 
tween the  chain  molecules  would  tend  to  weaken  the  attrac- 
tion between  these  chains  and  render  the  plastics  more  like 
a  rubber.  Such  materials,  known  as  "plasticizers",  have  the 
function  of  rendering  plastics  more  soft  and  fluid  when 
heated  and  more  soft  and  flexible  when  cold. 

So  long  as  the  polymer  chains  are  free  and  not  intercon- 
nected, the  material  is  fusible  with  heat  and  soluble  in  prop- 
er solvents.  Such  plastics  material  is  known  as  "thermo- 
plastic". As  bonds  are  formed  between  the  polymer  chains, 
the  material  becomes  less  readily  softened  by  heat  and  more 
difficult  to  dissolve,  until  with  a  certain  degree  of  cross- 
linkage",  it  is  practically  infusible  and  insoluble.  Such 
plastics  are  known  as  "thermosetting",  heat  speeding  the 
reaction  of  cross-linking,  but  not  causing  it.  This  distinc- 
tion between  thermoplastic  and  thermosetting  plastics  mate- 
rials is  fundamental  and  universal  in  the  industry. 

Cellulose  Derivatives 

The  preparation  of  cellulose  plastics  is  a  good  example  of 
the  conversion  of  a  fibre  into  a  plastics  by  the  introduction 
of  more  bulky  groups  into  the  side  chains  in  place  of  groups 
having  strong  interattraction.  The  cellulose  unit  may  be 
represented  by  Fig.  1. 

The  side  chains  are  small,  permitting  close  packing  of  the 


chains,  and  the  reactive  groups  (the  OH)  exert  strong  at- 
traction between  the  chains.  Treatment  of  cellulose  (cotton 
or  wood  fibre)  with  a  strong  acid  under  proper  conditions 
and  with  strong  sulphuric  acid  present  as  a  catalyst,  pro- 
gressively replaces  the  OH  groups  with  the  acid  group, 
thus  forming  a  salt,  or  in  the  language  of  organic  chemistry, 
an  "ester."  If  nitric  acid  is  used,  cellulose  nitrate  results; 
if  acetic  acid,  cellulose  acetate;  and  if  a  mixture  of  acetic 
and  butyric  acids,  cellulose  acetate-butyrate.  These  are  all 
plastics,  the  principal  cellulose  esters  to  be  used  commer- 
cially as  plastics.  Inasmuch  as  the  reactions  are  progres- 
sive and  under  control,  end  products  of  different  degree  of 
esterification  and  with  somewhat  different  properties  are 
produced.  All,  however,  are  permanently  fusible  and  sol- 
uble, in  marked  contrast  to  cellulose. 

CELLULOSE  NITRATE  :  Cellulose  nitrated  to  contain  about 
13%  nitrogen  is  gun  cotton;  around  12%  nitrogen,  a  lac- 
quer-base material,  and  around  11%  nitrogen,  the  base  for 
plastics.  It  is  thus  evident  that,  although  cellulose  nitrate 
plastics  are  quite  flammable,  it  is  not  correct  to  refer  to  them 
as  gun  cotton.  Camphor  has  always  been  used  as  a  plastici- 
zer  for  these  plastics,  which  are  known  by  such  trade 
names  as  Celluloid,  Pyralin,  and  Nixonoid.  These  are  not 
molded,  but  supplied  to  the  trade  as  sheets,  rods  and  tubes, 
from  which  finished  articles  are  fabricated  by  machining, 
forming,  drawing  and  similar  operations.  This  type  of  ma- 
terial is  dissolved  or  softened  by  practically  all  organic  sol- 
vents, except  hydrocarbons,  is  readily  colored  by  spirit  sol- 
uble dyes  and  inorganic  pigments,  is  quite  stable  towards 
water,  absorbing  about  1.5%  in  24  hr  immersion,  but  tends 
to  discolor  and  decompose  when  exposed  for  long  periods 
to  direct  sunlight.  The  plasticizer  is  volatile,  as  evidenced 
by  the  characteristic  odor  of  camphor,  so  in  time  the  mate- 
rial becomes  brittle.  This  is  most  noticeable  in  the  case  of 
films  (See  Fig.  2). 

Cellulose  nitrate  lacquer  material  is  supplied  in  different 
viscosities  depending  upon  the  size  of  the  polymer.  High- 
viscosity  material  (40  sec  and  more)  is  made  up  of  long 
chains  and  gives  strong  films  but,  because  of  high  bodying 
capacity,  workable  solutions  contain  comparatively  low  per- 
centages of  solids.  The  exact  reverse  is  the  case  with  lo\\  - 
viscosity  material  (l/2  or  J4  sec).  Plasticizers  are  necessary 
for  flexible  films,  tricresyl  phosphate  or  the  phthalates  bcin.e: 
commonly  used.  For  adhesion  of  the  films,  a  resin  such  as 
shellac  or  a  suitable  thermoplastic  synthetic  resin,  is  usually 
in  the  mixture.  Solvents  used  are  a  proper  balance  of  low 
boilers  (acetone,  ethyl  acetate)  and  high  boilers  (butyl  or 
amyl  acetate,  Cellosolves  or  the  like),  in  order  to  dry  quick- 
ly, yet  prevent  film  "blush."  Cellulose  nitrate  lacquers  such 
as  Duco,  Pyroxylin  and  others,  have  found  considerable  ap- 
plication as  surface  coatings  for  metals,  wood,  leather  and 
textiles  (artificial  leathers  and  Fabncoid).  Also  in  cements, 
as  in  the  Compo  shoe. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE:  Cellulose  acetate  has  been  applied 
principally  as  a  molding  plastics,  working  well  in  injection 
presses.  Known  under  such  trade  names  as  Lutnaritli, 
Nixonite,  Plastacele  and  Tenite  I  and  others  the  plastics  is 
produced  in  the  entire  range  of  colors  from  clear  transpar- 
ent to  opaque  white  or  black,  is  permanently  fusible  and 
soluble,  has  good  resistance  to  sunlight  but  not  to  water,  ab- 
sorbing up  to  5%  in  24  hr  immersion.  It  is  plasticized  with 
tricresyl  phosphate  and  the  phthalates  and  is  incompatible 
with  cellulose  nitrate,  cellulose  acetate-butyrate  and  many 
resins.  Fibres  spun  from  this  plastics  are  known  as  "ace- 
tate rayon,"  or  "Celanese  rayon"  (Fig.  3). 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE-BUTYRATE:     Cellulose  acetate  buty- 

rate  plastic,  Tenite  II,  is  similar  to  cellulose  acetate  in  all 

properties,  except  that  water  absorption  is  only  about  1.5%, 

instead  of  5%  in  24  hr.    Its  principal  use  is  that  of  an  in- 

(Continued  on  page  140) 


88 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


II 

tov-U  1   §» 


FABRICATION 


CONSULT 


dura 


Meeting  today's  demands  for  accuracy  and  precision  in  fabricating  plastics  for 
war  needs,  dura  is  well  equipped  and  experienced  to  fulfill  your  requirements 
when  peace  returns.  The  problems  met  by  dura  today  in  building  vital  parts 
for  landing  craft,  planes  and  instruments  foretell  the  contributions  dura  will 
make  in  peacetime  production.  Acrylics,  laminated  phenolics,  acetates,  styrenes, 
etc.  machined,  formed,  polished,  welded  to  your  specifications.  Our  assistance 
and  advice  is  offered  freely  to  interested  firms  who  are  looking  ahead  to 
postwar  opportunities. 

NOW    IS   THE    TIME   TO    CONSULT    DURA 


dura  plastics. 


inc.  1   WEST  34  STREET.  NEW  YORK  1.  N.  Y. 


IAY  1945 


Custom  fabricafing  specialisfs  to  the  aviation,  electronic  and  shipbuilding  industries. 

PLASTICS 


89 


Another  "Flying  First" 


that  grew  out  of 


Plexiglas 


N 


The  adaption  of  \  acuuin  and  air  pres- 
sures in  fabricating  large  acrylic  sheets  is  a 
Rohm  &  Haas  development  with  far-reachin  g 
implications  also  for  the  fabricator  and  the 
buyer  of  plastic  parts.  For  details  on  this  fast, 
improved  method,  call  oiir  nearest  office: 
Philadelphia,  Detroit,  Los  Angeles,  Chicago, 
Cleveland,  New  York.  Canadian  Distributor: 
Hobbs-Glass  Ltd.,  Montreal. 


WHEN  flying  speeds  climbed  up  over  the 
300  m.p.h.  mark,  PLEXIGLAS  "green- 
houses" —  panels  of  plastic  in  a  metal  frame- 
work —  were  developed  to  protect  fighter 
pilots  from  fierce  winds  and  freezing  slip- 
streams. Thus,  strong,  tough  and  perma- 
nently transparent,  PLEXIGLAS  helped  make 
possible  one  of  the  major  improvements  over 
the  Jennys  and  Allisons  of  World  War  I. 
Now  another  Plexiglas  development  elimi- 
nates even  the  metal  framework.  The  one- 
piece  "bubble"  canopy  of  tear-drop  design 
gives  the  pilot  better  all-around  visibility, 
unbroken  by  metal  supports.  It  reduces  wind 
resistance  and  drag  with  resultant  gains  in 
speed.  It  further  increases  the  savings  in 
weight  already  possible  because  of  this 
remarkable  plastic's  inherent  light  weight. 

r  DO 

PLEXICLAS  is  the  trade-mark,  Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off.  t  for  the  acrylic  resin  thermoplastic  sheets  and  molding  powders  manufactured  by  Rohm  &  Haas  Company. 
Represented  by  Cia.  Rohm  y  Haas,  S.R.L.,  Carlos  Pellegrini  331,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  and  agent*  in  principal  South  American  cities. 


ONLY   ROHM  &  HAAS  MAKES          eXtgaS    CRYSTAL-CLEAR   ACRYLIC  SHEETS 

AND   MOLDING   POWDERS 


ROHM   &   HAAS   COMPANY 

it  tsiil\<:To\  sot  i/</;.  /•////.  !/>/;/./•///  i.  /•  i. 

Manufacturers  of  Chemicals  including  Plastics  .  .  .  Synthetic  Insecticides  .  ,  .  Fungicides  .  .  .  Enz»mes  .  .  .  Chemicals  for  the  leather.  Ttitile  ind  oUicr  Industries 


nrnnrp 

H      -i 
1_L  J    I  1 J  I  \ 


Drawinqs  by  Julian  Krupa.  Plastics'  Art  Department 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of  Plastics  Applications  to  Post-War  Products 

(PLASTICS  welcomes  designers'  contributions  to  this  department! 


his  at- 

ct:v    :shtray  provides  a  means  of  holding  menus  and  flap  matches, 
by  Peter  Muller-Munk  of  Carnegie  Institute     '    I      :  :iology 


Use  of  two  impact-resistant 
phenolic  moldings  makes  possi 

:i  usual  padlock   h 
.    cons    : 
ickle   operaii:: 
spring    acr  ..  .    h.    pro- 

des   superior   protection 
lainst    sawing   o: 

keyhole   is   more   aco 
ble  than  on  many  other  locks. 
Designed  by  Peter  Mi.: 


How  everyday  items  can  b«  designed  with  a  flair  i*  shown  by 
P»ggy  Ann  Rondo.  N«w  York,  tranipaivnt  plcutlcs  dgaratt*  box 


Fig.    1.     The    system-type    compression    press,    powered 

from  a  single  and  remote  source,  is  exemplified  by  this 

French  Oil  Mill  unit 


Things  to 
Think  About 


2b. 


Plastics   Division    Manager 
North  &  Judd  Mfg.  Co. 


Successful  Molding  Requires  an 
Intimate  Knowledge  of  Equipment, 
Production,  Personnel  Problems 


AS  A  RESULT  of  the  tremendous  strides  made  by 
plastics  during  the  past  few  years,  hundreds  of  large 
manufacturing  concerns  are  today  planning  to  enter  this 
field  just  as  soon  as  conditions  permit.  Many  executives 
who  have  seen  their  products  gradually  affected  in  one  way 
or  another  are  facing  the  future  with  a  certain  amount  of 
skepticism,  while  others  are  making  definite  plans  to  aug- 
ment their  present  facilities  with  a  limited  investment  in 
plastics  molding  equipment  after  the  war.  Unquestionably, 
the  rapid  progress  of  the  new  plastics  materials  poses  a  diffi- 
cult problem  for  the  manufacturer  who  is  earnestly  striving 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  times,  but  definite  decision  should  be 
reached  only  after  serious  thought  has  been  given  to  various 
aspects  of  the  business.  In  other  words,  cold  facts  must  be 
carefully  weighed  from  a  sales  as  well  as  a  manufacturing 
standpoint  and  no  individual  should  be  unduly  influenced  to 
"go  into  plastics"  just  because  many  people  feel  that  it  is  the 
"coming  industry."  For  those  who  have,  however,  decided 
to  institute  a  plastics  molding  department,  the  sequence  of 


Fig.  2a.    Among  the  varied  equipment  which  can  be  used  to  put  the  system-type  compression  molding  press 
on  a  production  basis  is  the  single-pressure,  hydro-pneumatic  accumulator  and  pump  system  illustrated  here 


»mr  wuvi 

'  Sir  JOB  OCSIRED 
•ID  PRCSIURC 


AIR  TANK 


RESERVOIR 


•  N  PACKAGE  r OR M 


Decorate  your  p>ostwar  products  at  a  fraction 
of  handpainting  time  and  cost  with  colorful 
Meyercord  Decorative  Decals.  They're  durable, 
washable  and  easily  applied  at  production  line 
speeds.  Hundreds  of  beautiful  stock  designs  will 
be  available  at  war's  end,  or  exclusive  designs 
can  be  made  to  your  order  in  any  size  or  number 
of  colors.  Eye-appeal  increases  buy-appeal  and 
Meyercord  Decorative  Decals  easily  and  inex- 


pensively  provide  just  the  right  decorative  treat- 
ment. Learn  how  the  Meyercord  method  provides 
you  a  designing  and  decorating  department  in 
package  form.  Write  for  complete  details.  Please 
address  all  inquiries  to  Department  84-5. 


/?«?  ft/04  j2a~cU.  .  .  a~d  Keep. 
DECORATE    YOUR     PRODUCTS     WITH 


fiCORD 


THE    MEYERCORD   CO..  CHICAGO   44,  III. 
SALES    OFFICES    IN    PRINCIPAL   CITIES 


IAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


93 


Fig.  2b.  Also  suitable  for  the  system-type  compression  press  are  the  single-pressure,  weighted  accumulator  and  pump 

thought  should  follow  a  well  defined  pattern  of  fornmlative 
plans. 

Development 

The  first  question  usually  asked  is,  "How  much  will  it 
cost?"  It  is  only  natural  that  the  astute  entrepreneur  will 
want  to  know  the  amount  of  capital  required  to  enter  the 
plastics  business,  but  the  answer  depends  on  more  important 
considerations.  First  and  foremost  of  these  is  the  matter  of 
products  to  be  made  and  the  anticipated  volume  of  the  se- 
lected items.  This  groundwork  should  precede  the  question 
of  finance,  inasmuch  as  the  required  investment  will  depend 
on  equipment  which  must  be  purchased. 

In  general,  the  presses  required  will  be  either  the  com- 
pression or  injection  type,  and  probably  both  methods  of 
molding  will  be  necessary.  If,  for  instance,  a  half-dozen  or 
more  items  have  been  developed,  the  material  best  suited  for 
them  should  next  be  ascertained.  Selection  of  the  proper 
plastics  material  will,  in  turn,  determine  the  types  of  press 
required  due  to  the  fact  that  the  thermoplastics  are  injec- 
tion molded  while  the  thermosetting  compounds  are  molded 
•  by  compression. 

Personnel  Requirements 

As  is  true  in  any  business,  profitable  operation  depends 
to  a  large  degree  upon  the  quality  of  the  organization  com- 
prising that  business.  Experience  and  engineering  knowl- 
edge are  essential  attributes  in  the  plastics  molding  industry, 
and  the  executive  who  expects  to  spend  any  sizeable  amount 
of  money  to  enter  the  field  should  proceed  with  the  utmost. 
caution.  To  the  layman,  the  molding  of  plastics  appears  quite 
simple,  but  the  apparent  ease  of  operations,  whether  com- 
pression or  injection,  is  most  deceptive.  Behind  the  success- 
ful manufacturing  of  any  plastics  molded  part  lie  many 
months  of  concentrated  development  work,  and  the  entre- 
preneur should  weigh  carefully  the  selection  of  his  technical 
staff.  Attempts  to  utilize  engineers  who  are  engaged  in 
some  other  type  of  work  and  unfamiliar  with  plastics  tech- 
nology will  usually  prove  to  be  false  economy  because  the 

Fig.   3.     Alternative  to  the  system-type  press  is  the  self- 
contained  unit  incorporating  an  individual  pump  and  motor 


94 


MAY  1945 


PLASTIC 


A  CAS  I  PHENOLIC  RESIN  OF 
EXCEPTIONAL   QUALITIES 


Outstanding  among  plastics,  Marblette  has 
a  jewel-like  depth  and  a  complete  color 
range  which  duplicates  the  appearance  of 
precious  stones,  tortoise  shell  and  ivory. 

Its  almost  infinite  variety  of  colors  is  avail- 
able in  transparent,  translucent,  opaque,  or 
in  mottled  effects.  Marblette  also  comes  in  a 
waterclear  form  known  as  "Crystle"  in  a 
wide  choice  of  colors. 

Marblette's  machining  characteristics,  re- 
sistance to  oil  and  acids,  non-inflammabil- 
ity and  exciting  beauty  make  it  ideal  for 
countless  manufacturing  needs. 


A  jew  of  the  many  types  of  Special  Marblette 
castings  made  to  customer's  specifications. 


SPECIAL    CASTINGS 

Marblette  is  supplied  in  sheets,  rods,  tubes,  and  special  castings  such  as  cutlery  handles,  kitchen  utensil 
handles,  pipe  stems,  cigarette  holders,  clock  cases,  automotive  trimmings,  jewelry  items,  buckles,  etc.  Special 
shapes  made  to  customer's  specifications  can  be  supplied  provided  draft  is  all  one  way. 


MARBLETTE  LIQUID  PHENOLIC  RESINS 

Casting  Resins  for  Forming  Dies  and  Tools 

Metal  Casting  Sealing  Resins 

Bonding  Resins 

Low  Pressure  Laminating  Resin 

Bristle  Setting  Cement 

Laminating  and  Insulating  Varnish 

Clear  Phenolic  Lacquer 


MARBLETTE 


WILL  HELP  PLAN  YOUR  WORLD  OF  TOMORROW 


The  Marblette  staff  of  engineer*  offerj  its  services  to  help  with  your 
manufacturing  problems.  Write  to  us  outlining  your  needs.- 


THE  MARBLETTE  CORPORATI 


MonWbefvrvn  of  Phtnolic  ffvu'ns  S<nc«  1929 
37-21    Thirtieth   St.,    Long   Island  City  1,    N.  Y 


MAY  1945 


f»  i,  .t  STIC  * 


95 


Fig.  4.    Injection  molding  machine  capacity  is  expressed  in  the  weight  of  the  material  (in  ounces)  which  the  machine 
can  eject  through  the  nozzle  each  time  the  plunger  moves  forward  in  operation.     An  8-oz  machine  is  shown  here 


molding  of  plastics,  with  its  multifarious  problems,  is  en- 
tirely different  from  any  other  process  of  manufacturing. 
In  both  the  sales  and  the  production  fields,  experienced  per- 
sonnel should  be  engaged. 

The  industry  has  now  become  so  large  that  one  man  is 
seldom  fully  experienced  in  all  of  its  diversified  phases. 
Consequently,  the  men  employed  should  be  specialists  in 
their  chosen  line  of  endeavor.  In  other  words,  if  a  concern 
planned  to  enter  a  branch  of  the  industry  which  was  de- 
voted to  the  molding  of  laminates,  the  men  selected  should 
have  an  intimate  knowledge  of  all  the  various  processes  per- 
taining to  this  type  of  molding.  An  engineer  experienced 
in  compression  and  injection  molding  would  prove  of  great 
value  in  the  laminating  field,  but  would  be  best  suited  to  a 
position  of  responsibility  in  a  plant  which  specialized  in 
compound  molding. 

If  it  is  assumed  that  a  dozen  or  more  items  have  been 


selected  and  that  on  most  of  them  the  sales  possibilities  are 
considered  excellent,  this  development  must  be  followed  by 
selection  of  the  proper  equipment.  As  previously  pointed 
out,  the  type  of  presses  will  probably  include  compression 
as  well  as  injection  machines,  and  the  matter  of  financing 
must  therefore  be  considered  objectively.  Injection  presses 
are  very  much  alike  so  far  as  general  principles  of  operation 
are  concerned,  but  they  vary  considerably  in  rated  capacity. 
Most  of  them  are  fully  automatic  and  self-contained,  and  the 
decision  as  to  purchase  should  accordingly  be  made  more 

Fig.  6.    Preform  presses,  exemplified  by  this  Arthur  Colton  Co. 
rotary  unit,  can  be  valuable  additions  to  the  molding  plant 


Fig.  5.    This  diagram  illustrates  the  technique  of  determin- 
ing the  machine  capacity  for  a  given  type  of  operation 

96 


MEET  ME 


TAl  PLASTIC   ENGINEERING 


Planned  Perfection 


A  Short  Order  Department  bridges  the  gap  between  a 
sample  and  production.  It  can  be  an  economical  means 
of  trying  out  a  new  idea  on  a  semi-production  basis.  It 
has  many  other  uses  too,  such  as  short  runs  of  special 
equipment,  sample  orders,  etc.  So  whether  it  is  ten  pieces 
or  ten  thousand  Cinch  Short  Order  Service  Department 
.  .  .  complete  in  every  detail,  metal,  plastic  or  assem- 
blies .  .  .  has  been  a  boon  to  our  customers  for  those 

No.  6  in  a  Series  of  Advertisement.  "MEET  MEtol  Pla»tic  Engineering" 


overnight  "hurry  up"  change  overs.  Nearly  every  manu- 
facturing business  has  such  problems.  We  are  glad  to 
have  helped  in  countless  such  emergencies.  Perhaps  you 
too  owe  it  to  your  company  to  investigate  our  facilities. 


CINCH 


MAY  1945 


P  I .A  S  T I  C  S 


MANUFACTURING 
CORPORATION 

2335  W.  Van  Buren  Street,  Chicago  12,  Illinois 

Subu'diory  of  United-Carr   Fottener   Corp.,   Cambridge,  Matt. 

97 


'ig.  7.   Among  accessory  equipment  needed  in  the  molding  plant 
re   such   comparatively    inexpensive   units   as   scrap   grinders 


from  the  standpoint  of  quality,  capacity,  and  price  rathei 
than  the  type  of  installation. 

Compression  equipment  is  a  different  story.  The  hydrau- 
lic, or  oil-draulic,  presses  are  divided  into  two  groups,  and 
the  entrepreneur  must  give  careful  consideration  to  the  type 
of  machines  best  suited  for  his  purpose.  The  decision  in- 
volves a  somewhat  long  term  view  and  requires  more  or  less 
conjecture  with  regard  to  the  future.  Investigation  of  the 
different  groups  shows  why  the  selection  is  so  important. 

Hydraulic  presses  similar  to  the  accumulator-operated 
combination  transfer  and  semi-automatic  molding  press 
illustrated  in  Fig.  1  derive  their  power  from  a  single  and 
remote  source,  and  are  commonly  known  as  system-type 
presses.  This  type  of  machine  depends  upon  a  power  house 
for  its  pressing  and  heating  power.  In  other  words,  pumps, 
boilers,  accumulators,  pipes,  etc.,  as  illustrated  in  Figs.  2a 
and  2b,  have  to  be  available  in  order  to  make  a  system-type 
operate  on  a  production  basis,  and  the  presses  so  supplied 
vary  in  capacity  according  to  the  ram  size.  Consequently  a 
plant  might  have  system-type  machines  with  rams  varying 
from  six  inches  in  diameter  up  to  twenty  inches,  with  nu- 
merous intermediate  sizes. 

As  an  alternative  to  the  system  type  of  machine,  there  is 
the  so-called  "self-contained"  press  such  as  the  machine 
illustrated  in  Fig.  3.  This  press  is  exactly  what  the 
name  implies,  inasmuch  as  it  requires  no  outside  source 
of  power  to  make  it  operate.  Instead,  the  self-contained 
press  includes  an  individual  pump  and  motor  from  which 
is  derived  the  power  either  to  open  or  close  the  movable 
platen.  Heat  may  be  obtained  from  steam  or  electricity, 
the  latter  means  requiring  no  boiler.  By  comparison  it. 
can  accordingly  be  seen  that  the  self-contained  press  does 
not  rely  on  a  single  main  source  of  power  supply  involving 
an  accumulator,  large  compressors,  a  system  of  pipes,  etc., 
but  can  be  placed  in  any  convenient  location  where  electri- 
cal connections  are  available.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  necessary  pressure  application  is  an  integral  part  of  the 
press  itself. 

Inasmuch  as  there  are  two  such  distinctly  different  types 
of  press  from  which  to  choose,  the  question  naturally  arises 
as  to  which  should  be  selected.  The  answer  depends  to  a 
large  degree  upon  the  ultimate  volume  of  business  expected. 
If,  for  instance,  a  concern  expects  to  expand  from  year  to 
year  with  a  future  objective  of  50  or  more  presses,  it  would 
be  more  economical  to  make  a  larger  investment  at  the  out- 
set, and  install  the  system-type  presses.  If,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  concern  is  planning  to  manufacture  on  a  limited 
scale,  the  fully  automatic  or  self-contained  presses  would  be 
the  type  to  purchase.  It  should  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  in- 
stallation of  an  entire  power  plane  is  an  expensive  proposi- 
tion, and  should  be  considered  only  when  a  large  number 
of  presses  are  to  be  used.  Self-contained  presses  of  eithet 
the  semi-automatic  or  fully  automatic  design  cost  more 
than  the  system-type,  but  require  no  expensive  means  of 
remote  operation. 

Press  Capacities 

Aside  from  the  technical  aspects  of  correct  molding  pres- 
sures, the  entrepreneur  must  become  interested  in  pres- 
sures from  a  production  standpoint.  In  both  compression 
and  injection  molding,  the  maximum  available  pressures  de- 
termine the  limit  of  production,  so  it  becomes  necessary  at 
the  outset  to  figure  the  desired  volume  and  thence  arrive  at 
the  machine  capacities  required  (see  Fig.  5).  Compression 
molding  presses  vary  in  capacity  anywhere  from  a  20-ton 
laboratory  press  up  to  as  high  as  700  tons,  and  since  the  size 
(Continued  on  page  149) 


Fig.  8.   Tumbling  machinery  is  required  for  certain  types  oi 
(intoning.    This  is  a  Lupomatic  Tumbling  Machine  Co.  product 

98  MAY  1945 


your  product  can  be  improved 
with  a  Kimpreg    Surface 


A  revolutionary  new  alloy-like  material 
is  achieved  bv  fusing  to  plywood's  sur- 
face a  cured  plastic  skin  of  KIMPREC.  This 
resultant  material  is  not  a  plywood  in  the 
ordinary  sense,  not  a  conventional  plas- 
tic- laminate.  It  is  a  brand  new,  better 
structural  medium  with  countless  appli- 
cations in  many  products — including,  very 
probably,  those  you  plan  for  post-war 
production. 

With  MMi'HKG,  plywood  is  converted 
into  an  improved  substance  which  can  be 
marhined,  formed  and  fastened  like  ordi- 
nary wood — yet  has  a  plastic's  smooth, 
tough  surface  and  beautiful,  permanent, 
paintless  finish. 

KIMPREC  adds  the  following  advantages 
to  plywood:  1)  increases  durability  and 
flcxural  strength;2)  provides  resistance  to 


moisture  and  vapor;  3)  armor-plates 
against  extreme  abrasion;  4)  diminishes 
grain-raising  effects;  5)  makes  the  material 
scuffproof,  splinterproof,  snag-resistant; 
6)  affords  a  stainproof,  washable,  "wipe 
clean"  surface;  7)  creates  resistance  to 
chemical  action,  decay,  temperature-ex- 
tremes, fire,  vermin,  and  mold.  Moreover, 
it  is  warm  to  the  touch,  does  not  have 
the  chill  "feel"  of  metal  surfaces. 


Today  all  KIMPREC  is  required  for  mili- 
tary needs,  ranging  from  airborne  "pre- 
fab" huts  to  glass-smooth  tables  for  park- 
ing parachutes  without  snagging.  Hence, 
the  wartime  color  of  KIMPREC  is  a  soldierly 
olive-drab.  Post-war,  however,  it  will  be 
offered  in  a  variety  of  appealing  hues. 

Now  is  the  time  to  investigate  the  pos- 
sibilities of  KlMPREG-surfaced  material^  fur 
your  peacetime  requirements. 


Send  Coupon  for  FREE  KIMPREG  Book  to: 
Kimberly-Clark  Corporation,  Neenah,  Wis 


P-S4S 


impre 

TRADE     M  A  RK    A" 


Amoog  ike 


I  of  KIMPRF.C  mn:  B*f<U*  Lumber  *  Mautfaauring  Campmft  Otymfic 

;  fU  of 


i  aareulf  fnj*anf  m  Ua*fUu  fir  Plynood  ur/WW  »u»  KlMPHfG. 
it  t»U  iuU«r  I*.  irmJt  mmmt  »// 


fyp»  of  Bunnni 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


99 


On  exhibit  at  21st  semi-annual  California  Gift  and  Art 
Show  held  in  Los  Angeles  week  of  Jan.  29  was  a  display 
case  of  acrylic  plastics  combining  fragile  appearance 
with  sturdiness,  presented  by  California  Belleck  Co.;  a 
toy  phone  with  movable  dial  made  by  Western  Plastics 
of  phenols  finished  in  varied  colors:  and  an  artificial 
flower  of  richly-tinted  "Plexiglas"  shown  by  Albert  Arkin 


Said  to  be  the  only  one  in  spiral  form, 
this  washing  machine  agitator  Is  molded 
of  phenolics  by  The  Watertown  MJg.  Co. 


Attractive  and  practical  is  this  pipe  and 
humidor  set  made  of  an  acrylic  plastics  by 
Dorian  Studio,  and  shown  at  California  show 


Now  being  experimentally  used  in  hospitals 
throughout  the  country,  Dow's  "Ethocel"  sheet- 
ing is  here  shown  fabricated  into  an 
oxygen  tent  which  houses  a  premature  baby 


Tennessee  Eastman'*  "Tenite,"  sturdy  and  lightweight, 
is  molded  by  Nosco  Plastics  into  an  attractive  mirror 
stand.  Plas-Tex  Corp.  molds  a  "Tenite"  case  for  its 
own  Pure  Kold  Unit  which,  when  placed  in  refrigera- 
tor, is  said  to  preserve  freshness  and  flavor  of  foods 


Vinyl  poker  chip  rack  by  Tabor  Metxler  was  dis- 
played at  the  California  show  by  Hoyt  Treadway 


MAY    I'M:, 


Ill] 


Protect  ana  Attract  wit 
COATED  PAPERS 


I 


The  smooth  sheen  of  polyvinyl  butyral  film  is  shown  in  this  close-up.    Lead  foil  is  being  coated 


(Continued  from  page  S3) 

Other  decorative  pyroxylin  papers  were  developed.  High 
gloss  patent  leather  surfaces  were  very  popular  and  continue 
to  be.  Dull,  waterproof  suede  papers  were  tried  and  used 
considerably.  Crystallizing  materials  such  as  naphthalene 
were  added  to  lacquers,  producing  a  coating  of  crystal  de- 
sign having  unusual  richness  and  novelty. 

This  was  the  decorative  era.  With  the  country  in  the 
midst  of  the  depression,  industries  exerted  every  effort  to 
increase  sales  with  the  least  increase  in  costs.  The  stream- 
lining and  modernization  of  packages  were  given  tremen- 
dous impetus.  Early  pyroxylin  plastics  papers  offered  a 
durability  and  beauty  of  finish  previously  unknown  in  fancy 
papers,  and  their  use  pulled  a  struggling  product  back  from 
sales  oblivion. 

Now,  the  tiny  seed  of  an  idea  was  sown  in  many  a  pack- 
aging engineer's  mind — namely,  that  plastics-coated  papers 
might  offer  something  more  than  just  an  appeal  to  the  eye. 
Why  couldn't  wrapping  materials  be  produced  that  would 
protect  the  product  it  was  used  on  as  well  as  to  beautify  it  ? 
Why  couldn't  whole  containers  be  made  from  plastics-coated 
papers?  The  resins  had  the  requisite  properties — it  re- 
mained only  to  use  them  and  to  bring  them  out  in  an  eco- 
nomically practical  form.  The  paper  could  serve  as  a  car- 
rier and  contribute  its  own  good  qualities. 

Heat-sealing  finishes  were  developed,  at  first  to  improve 
the  handling  of  cellophane  and  other  transparent  wrapping 
materials,  but  soon  their  use  spread  to  glassine  paper, 
and  then  as  ways  and  means  were  worked  out  to  make  the 
finish  non-blocking  under  ordinary  temperatures,  the  coat- 
ing was  applied  to  all  types  of  papers.  Later  moisture- 
vaporproofness  was  added.  Such  finishes  have  been  a  tre- 
mendous boon  in  war  packaging,  not  only  insuring  a  more 
impervious  wrapping,  but  also  speeding  the  packaging  op- 


eration by  eliminating  production  bottlenecks  from  that 
source. 

Heat-seal  coatings  are  used  in  huge  quantities  on  all 
types  of  paper  and  fabrics.  They  are  being  worked  out  so 
that  the  need  of  much  wet  pasting  will  be  eliminated.  In 
the  postwar  period  it  should  be  possible  to  get  bottle  labels, 
box  papers,  and  even  such  things  as  wall  papers  that  may 
be  applied  with  the  application  of  heat  alone,  eliminating 
water  pastes. 

Moisture-vaporproof  and  chemical-resistant  finishes  have 
been  developed  in  pace.  This  has  made  practical  the  pack- 


Coated  paper  being  reinforced  with  fabric  backing 


102 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Victory  first  .  .  .  then,  the 
pursuits  of  peace.  To  speed 
victory  buy  War  Bonds  and 
let  your  money  keep  the 
weapons  moving  to  the 
front.  Our  boys  will  do  the 
rest.  Remember:  War  Bonds 
are  the  best  investment  in 
the  future  of  our  country 
.  .  .  your  stake  in  victory. 


Northrop  Aircraft's  Black  Widow  P-61  night  fighter,  largest  pursuit  plane  in  the 
world,  carries  a  sting  that  can  blast  out  of  the  sky  anything  that  flies.  Fast,  deadly 
and  different,  she  maneuvers  easily,  lands  at  a  remarkably  low  speed  for  her  size 
and  weight.  Slxe  has  the  heaviest  fighter  plane  armament  in  the  world.  With  a 
crew  of  two  or  three  men,  she  is  being  successfully  used  on  many  fronts.  Although 
built  to  stalk  and  sting  the  enemy  by  night,  she  does  an  equally  effective  job  in 
daylight  combat. 

Virginia-Lincoln's  modem  plastic  "Valinite"  flies  with  the  deadly  Black  Widow 
on  her  missions  —  her  streamlined  fuselage  nose  being   fabricated  of   "Valinite". 
Naturally,  we  are  proud  of  the  magnificent  success  of  this  plane,  and  the  part  "Vali- 
nite" plays  in  her  makeup.     Our  con- 
sultants will  be  glad  to  explain  the 
many  advantages   of   "Valinite"   for 
peacetime  uses. 

-*. 


MAY  1945 


I*  I ,  ASTICS 


103 


Pyroxylin  paper  printed  by  intaglio  is  inspected  for 
tears,  wrinkles,  printing  defects  and  color  uniformity 


aging  in  simple  heat-sealing  envelopes  of  such  hygroscopic 
materials  as  powdered  drugs,  sugar,  salt  and  similar  water- 
sensitive  powders.  In  fact,  these  envelopes  are  so  im- 
pervious they  are  being  used  to  package  and  protect  rub- 
ber articles  from  air  deterioration. 

It  is  easy  to  visualize  the  savings  that  can  be  brought 
about  in  the  future  by  the  reduction  in  spoilage  of  mate- 
rials so  packaged.  It  would  not  be  unusual  to  expect  al- 
most every  product  that  is  now  put  up  in  paper,  wood  or 
other  permeable  substances  to  be  first  sealed  and  protected 
in  a  moisture-vapor  resistant  coated  envelope. 

While  these  finishes  have  added  to  the  cost  of  papers 
lo  which  they  are  applied,  the  actual  amount  varies  over 
a  wide  range,  depending  upon  the  qualities  needed  in  the 
paper.  Thus,  the  value  and  efficiency  of  the  product  may 
be  summed  up  not  by  "what  does  it  cost?"  but  by  "what 
does  it  save?" 

After  the  war  it  is  probable  that  the  greatest  emphasis 
will  be  placed  on  the  production  of  heat-sealing  coated  pa- 
pers with  an  increase  in  weight  of  only  2  to  S  Ib  per  ream. 

Cellophane-coated  paper  labels,  sleek  and  durable,  are 
easily  applied  and  add  much  to  the  product's  appearance 


These, finishes  will  be  made  to  give  adequate  protection  for 
a  moderate  length  of  time  and  for  extreme  element  re- 
sistance, the  types  of  plastics-coated  wrapping  materials 
used  by  the  Armed  Forces,  called  Method  II  will  be  avail- 
able. 

Coating  machines  used  for  the  application  of  plastics 
solutions  to  papers  and  fabrics  have  been  brought  to  a  high 
stage  of  development.  There  has  been  considerable  im- 
provement and  new  designing  during  the  war,  principally 
in  producing  heavier  coatings  and  in  laying  a  film  of  plas- 
tics on  paper  without  solvent,  either  by  applying  it  as  a 
slurry  and  passing  the  paper  through  sufficient  heat  to  melt 
and  fuse  the  coated  surface  or  by  applying  the  plastics 
in  a  molten  state.  A  great  deal  still  remains  to  be  done, 
but  the  groundwork  for  really  economical  coating  has  been 
laid. 

By  far  the  most  popular  machine  for  applying  an  im- 
pervious film  to  paper  is  the  reverse-roll  coaler.  There 
are  two  types  in  use.:  In  the  first,  the  solution  is  picked  up 
from  a  reservoir  pan  by  an  applicator  roll.  The  solution 
on  the  roll  is  metercd  by  another  roll  rotating  reversely 
against  the  applicator.  This  metered  wet  film  is  then 
transfered  to  the  paper  by  the  applicator  which  also  ro- 
tates counter  to  the  travel  of  the  paper.  In  the  second, 
the  applicator  roll,  turning  counter  to  the  direction  of  the 
paper,  lays  on  an  excess  of  the  solution  which  is  removed 
as  the  paper  passes  between  two  metering  rolls. 

Knife    spreading   machines   are    used    infrequently    for 


Protection  of  ordnance  against  rust  and  condensation  is  provided 
by  "Induwrap"  ("Lumarith"  laminate)  and  other  similar  materials 


paper  and  then  only  for  light  coatings  on  specialty  products. 
Hot-melt  plastics  are  often  applied  by  a  knife  but  then  the 
paper  is  usually  subjected  to  additional  heat  sufficient  to 
flow  together  the  streaks  and  uneven  spots  that  are  bound 
to  develop. 

Very  light  discontinous  films  are  applied  by  means  of  an 
intaglio  printing  machine.  An  over-all  halftone  screen 
design  is  etched  in  a  copper  roll.  The  plastics  solution  is 
transferred  to  this  etching  by  another  roll  riding  in  a 
reservoir  pan.  The  excess  is  scraped  off  the  copper  by  a 
vibrating  doctor  knife,  leaving  the  plastics  only  in  the  low 
spots  of  the  etching.  The  paper  then  picks  up  the  plastics 
on  its  more  absorbent  surface  as  it  passes  between  the 
inked  copper  roll  and  a  rubber  roll  under  pressure. 

The  extreme  non-porosity  of  plastics-coated  papers  is 
their  most  valuable  feature  for  all  save  decorative  uses. 
Even  the  closest-woven,  most  heavily-coated  fabric  exhibits 
a  certain  tendency  toward  porosity  that  hampers  its  use 
for  moisture-vaporproof  packaging.  This  is  due  prin- 
cipally to  minute  fibres  that  pierce  the  coating.  In  smooth 
calendered  paper  the  fibres  are  so  small  that  a  relatively 
light  coat  will  seal  and  bury  them.  END 


104 


MAY  1945 


STAMPED  PRODUCTS 


Yardley  is  equipped  to  extrude  any 
kind  and  color  of  thermoplastic 
material  in  continuous  lengths  up 
to  6"  in  width.  Tolerances  and 
thicknesses  are  carefully  controlled 
to  your  specifications  from  .015 
to  .125. 

Continuous     sfn'pi     we     new     make     for 

stamped  products  include: 

SARAN          ETHOCEL     STYRALLOY 
ACETATE      VINYL  POLYSTYRENE 


ARDLEY 


M2   PARSONS    AVf  COIUM1US    15.   OHIO 

DSE    ACKTAT*.    IUTYHATI.    rOLYSTYMNI.    STY*ALLOY    o-d   VINYLS     All.   l.i«tl«i.    **4    C»« 


MAY  1945 


f »  L A STICS 


Sell-Sealing  Screens 

(Continued  from  page  51) 


50<  a  pound — seven  times  the  coverage  per  pound  can  be 
had  by  using  the  plastics,  which  weighs  one  seventh  as 
much  as  the  iron. 

The  manufacturers  of  the  Velon  (vinylidene  chloride) 
type  of  screen  also  believe  that  they  will  be  able  to  com- 
pete favorably  with  the  iron  screen.  The  slight  price  ad- 
vantage in  favor  of  the  iron  is  offset  by  the  simple  frame 
required  by  the  plastics  and  their  non-oxidizing  qualities. 
After  the  war  it  is  expected  that  doors  and  windows  with 
plastics  screens  will  be  available  at  a  cost  of  about  $1 ! 

Other  uses  than  window  screening  to  which  the  same 
woven  plastics  cloth  can  be  put  are  legion.  Since  the 
fibres  can  be  extruded  in  larger  or  smaller  diameters,  the 
woven  plastics  can  be  custom-tailored  to  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  the  conditions  under  which  it  is  used.  Ex- 
truded fibres  having  large  diameters  can  be  woven  into 
articles  which  will  require  the  greatest  strength;  for  ex- 
ample, hammocks,  ambulance  stretchers,  fish  and  tennis 
nets;  also  Summer  furniture  offering  maximum  ventila- 
tion, such  as  the  backs  and  seats  of  modernistic  porch 
chairs.  Shoes,  suspenders,  garters,  belts,  and  transparent 
curtains  are  but  a  few  of  the  articles  into  which  the  small- 
diameter  fibre  cloth  can  be  fabricated. 

Another  application  of  the  material  is  as  insect-killing 
screen,  which  could  be  produced  from  a  combination  metal 
and  plastics.  According  to  a  patent  held  by  the  Radio 
Patents  Corporation,  the  weft  would  be  made  of  metal 
and  would  carry  current  lethal  to  insects,  the  plastics  warp 
acting  as  insulation.  This  type  of  death-trap  would  be 
impossible  to  make  with  an  all-metal  screen,  because  the 
wires  would  "short"  where  they  came  into  contact  with 
each  othpr. 

For  sanitary  uses  in  hospitals,  such  as  collapsible  screens 
which  are  placed  around  beds,  the  chemical  inertness  of 
the  screening  makes  it  an  eminently  suitable  material.  As 
a  matter  of  fact  negotiations  are  now  under  way  for  its 
use  in  all  public  New  York  City  hospitals.  To  provide 
better  ventilation  during  the  Summer  months  the  screening 


could  be  used  in  removable  back  sections  of  buses,  trolley 
cars,  trains  and  automobiles. 

It  is  conceivable  that  other  plastics  could  be  fabricated 
into  frames  for  the  screens  to  produce  an  all-plastics  unit, 
or  methacrylates  or  styrenes  could  be  made  into  slats  for 
Venetian  blinds  to  which  the  screening  might  be  attached 
to  form  a  continuous  unit.  For  this  latter  use  William 
Dubilier,  president  of  the  Radio  Patents  Corporation,  sug- 
gests the  following  arrangement :  If  two  separate  housings 
— one  at  the  top  and  the  other  at  the  bottom  of  the  win- 
dow— were  provided,  the  slats  could  be  lodged  in  one  and 
the  screening  to  which  they  would  be  attached  in  the  other, 
so  that  interchanging  the  two  would  be  a  simple  matter. 
When  the  screening  is  retracted  into  its  housing,  the  slats 
are  pulled  into  position  and  vice  versa. 

In  weaving  the  screen  from  nylon,  the  single  fibres  that 
are  placed  on  the  loom  are  monofilaments  extruded  as 
thin  rods  which  are  drawn.  Ordinarily,  because  of  the 
tension  exerted  in  the  stretched  fibres,  the  woven  screen 
would  contract  into  an  uneven  jumble  as  soon  as  it  was 
taken  off  the  loom.  To  avoid  this  the  nylon  fibres  undergo 
a  crimping  treatment.  This  consists  of  passing  the  fibres 
over  hot  rollers  and  at  the  same  time  pressing  down  on  them 
with  a  heavy,  specially  designed  wheel.  The  combined 
effect  of  heat,  tension,  and  pressure  cause  the  fibres  to 
hump  up  and  crimp.  The  crimp,  put  into  the  fibres  after 
the  screen  is  woven,  provides  for  greater  elasticity  and 
greater  restoring  force  when  they  are  stretched.  This  ex- 
plains why  it  is  possible  to  eliminate  small  holes  which  ap- 
per  when  the  screening  is  punctured.  END 


When  to  Plate ? 

(Continued  from  page  28) 


This   purse  illustrates  one  of  the  many 
items  in  which  nylon  screen  cloth  is  used 


plated  plastics  handle  would  be  the  ideal  solution. 

Another  factor  enters,  at  this  point,  which  could  be  very 
important  where  high  impact  strength  is  desired  along  with 
a  decorative  effect. 

Fibrous  fillers  add  tremendously  to  the  impact  or  shock- 
resistant  strength  of  a  plastics  piece,  but  preclude  the  pos- 
sibility of  attractive  coloring  and  finish.  Metal  plating 
such  parts  would  make  it  possible  to  combine  the  light 
weight  and  strength  of  plastics  with  fine  appearance. 

Exponents  of  metallic  plating  point  out  that  when  prop- 
erly applied,  metal-on-plastics  may  provide  a  more  durable 
plating  job  than  metal-on-metal.  Since  there  is  between 
metal  and  plastics  no  galvanic  or  electrolytic  action,  as  be- 
tween'dissimilar  metals,  the  metal-plated  plastics  offers 
greater  resistance  to  corrosion.  Nor,  in  plastics,  can  there 
be  eruptions  of  rust  through  the  plating  from  the  material 
beneath.  This  would  obviously  recommend  plated  plastics 
for  use  in  marine  hardware  and  for  goods  used  in  tropics. 

Metal  or  Plastics  Finishes  from  One  Mold 

One  of  the  outstanding  advantages  of  metal  plating  from 
the  merchandising  standpoint  lies  in  the  fact  that  the 
manufacturer  can,  from  a  single  set  of  tools,  secure  parts 
with  either  a  colorful  plastics  finish,  or  a  metallic  finish,  as 
desired.  By  making  the  one  set  of  tools  serve  for  both  types 
of  finish,  the  manufacturer  can  save  the  cost  of  tools  for 
the  metal  base.  This  will  often  amount  to  a  substantial  per- 
centage of  overall  costs,  especially  on  relatively  short  runs. 

The  merchandising  possibilities  of  such  a  range  of  fin- 
ishes are  obvious.  The  Cameo  dispenser  could  be  used  to 
illustrate  this  point.  The  Cameo  Corp.,  as  part  of  its  mer- 
chandising plan,  furnishes  a  very  decorative  dispenser  for 
its  cleansing  powder.  These  dispensers  are  molded  in  a 
number  of  attractive  colors,  an  idea  that  is  fast  finding 
favor  with  housewives  who  want  a  frequently  used  cleanser 
"handy"  at  all  times  but  want  it  to  be  an  integral,  decorative 


106 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


PRECISION 


Here  is  a  preview  of  the  PARVA  COMBINA- 
TION SQUARE,  an  ingenious  device  if  ever 
we  saw  one.  It  is  a  divider,  protractor,  triangle,  ruler, 
compass  and  french  curve  —  all  in  one. 

We  show  it  simply  as  an  example  of  the  kind  of 
problems  we  will  be  solving  after  the  war.  And  to  make 
such  a  precision  instrument  in  plastic  was  a  problem, 
for  obviously  the  tolerances  had  to  be  very  close, 
and  the  molding  exactly  controlled  to  avoid  warping. 
Equally  important  from  the  manufacturers'  standpoint, 
we  will  be  able  to  provide  a  perfect  combination  of 
quality,  volume  and  price. 

If  you're  at  all  interested  in  plastics,  keep  that  name 
"PRECISION"  in  mind.  We'll  be  available  the  minute 
Peace  whistles  blow. 


PRECISION 


4647-61   STENTON   AVE. 


PHILADELPHIA  44,  PA. 


MAY  194.') 


I  •  L A STICS 


107 


part  of  their  bath  or  kitchen  equipment.  Cameo  is  now 
experimenting  with  a  metal-plated  dispenser  for  the  type 
of  modern  bathroom  where  everything  must  be  of  gleam- 
ing chromium.  Not  only  is  a  metal-plated  dispenser  thus 
secured  with  no  additional  tool  cost,  but  also  in  this  case, 
a  plastics  dispenser,  metal-plated,  has  many  obvious  ad- 
vantages over  an  all-metal  counterpart.  It  is  less  affected 
by  the  corrosive  elements  and  rust-forming  moisture  which 
the  use  of  the  article  would  involve.  It  should  not  be  too 
heavy  for  milady's  hand,  and  an  all-metal  dispenser  as  light 
as  one  of  plastics  would  have  to  be  formed  of  a  sheet  so  thin 
as  to  make  it  easily  dented  if  knocked  against  a  faucet  or 
the  edge  of  a  bathtub. 

It  is  easy  to  conceive,  too,  of  a  large  additional  market 
for  a  plated  salt  shaker  of  non-corrosive  plastics  which  will 
harmonize  with  the  gleaming  silverware  on  the  table. 

The  summertime  nuisance  of  a  metal  salt  shaker  with  its 
.holes  "gummed  up  and  green"  with  wet  salt  is  too  common 
an  experience  to  dwell  further  upon  here.  There  is  scarcely 
a  metal  that  is  not  attacked  by  the  corrosive  action  of  salt. 
Hence,  the  growing  popularity  of  plastics  salt  shakers.  A 
good  example  is  the  Oster-Bauer  Shop's  "Magic-Spray" 
salt  and  pepper  servers.  In  the  colorful  plastics  finish  these 
units  lend  themselves  beautifully  to  use  in  kitchen  or  break- 
fast room.  Silver  plating  would  adapt  them  readily  to 
more  formal  table  arrangements. 

Limifofions 

Like  every  other  process,  the  metal  plating  of  plastics 
has  its  distinct  limitations.  The  prospective  user,  particu- 
Ifrly  at  this  stage  of  development,  should  consider  these 
limitations  carefully,  and  should  at  the  same  time  critically 
analyze  the  claims  made  by  the  exponents  of  plating. 

For  example,  it  is  sometimes  claimed  that  metal  plating 
can  be  used  to  increase  the  impact  strength  of  plastics  parts. 
That  claim  can  be  readily  substantiated,  we  believe.  How- 
ever, it  is  important  to  bear  in  mind  that  to  add  appreciably 
to  mechanical  strength,  it  is  necessary  to  apply  a  coating  of 
metal  much  heavier  than  used  in  commercial  plating  prac- 
tice, and  consequently  far  more  costly  than  ordinary  plat- 
ing. For  the  present,  at  least,  that  fact  may  make  it  com- 
mercially impractical  to  use  plating  for  strength,  except 
in  highly  specialized  cases  where  the  advantages  to  be 
gained  are  so  great  as  to  justify  the  higher  cost. 

The  greatest  limitations  of  plastics  plating  today  occur 
among  the  thermoplastic  materials.  Many  thermoplastic 
parts  have  been  very  successfully  plated,  yet  there  never- 
theless remain  a  number  of  practical  difficulties  to  be  con- 
sidered. 

First  of  all,  thermoplastic  parts  are  often  small,  with 
relatively  thin  sections,  and  consequently  have  a  certain 
degree  of  flexibility.  Flexing  of  the  article  in  use  tends  to 
loosen  or  destroy  the  bond  between  metal  and  plastics. 
Again,  thermoplastics  particularly  have  higher  thermal  ex- 
pansion than  metals— a  fact  which  also  tends  to  loosen  the 
bond  when  the  article  is  subjected  to  varying  temperatures. 
Finally,  most  thermoplastics  use  plasticizers,  with  varying 
degrees  of  affinity.  It  is  harder  to  apply  properly  a  bond 
coat  to  a  plastic  which  loses  its  plasticizer  easily.  And  after 
the  bond  coat  is  successfully  applied,  the  continual  exud- 
ing of  the  plasticizer  might  in  time  impair  its  adherence. 

Metal  plating  of  thermoplastics  is  most  likely  to  be  suc- 
cessful when  the  entire  piece  is  plated,  thus  enveloping  the 
plastics  entirely  in  metal.  Partial,  or  "spot"  plating  of 
thermoplastics  should,  for  the  present,  be  generally  avoided. 

One  of  the  most  important  points  to  be  considered  in 
choosing  a  plastics  for  metal  plating,  is  the  moisture  ab- 
sorption of  the  material.  An  excess  of  moisture  in  the 
plastics;  may  in  time,  cause  blisters,  thus  destroying  the 
bond. 

Another  important  consideration  is  that  the  plated  finish 


can  be  no  better  than  the  finish  beneath  it.  As  in  a  metal 
base,  plating  will  enhance  the  beauty  of  a  well  finished 
piece,  but  magnify  the  defects  of  a  poorly-finished  surface. 

Best  Applications 

The  best  and  most  satisfactory  applications  of  the  metal 
plating  process  thus  far  have  been  with  the  thermosetting 
materials.  Because  of  their  greater  rigidity  and  their  free- 
dom from  plasticizers,  the  thermosetting  plastics  lend  them- 
selves well  both  to  overall  and  to  partial  plating. 

From  the  foregoing,  the  reader  will  readily  appreciate 
that  the  metal  plating  of  plastics  is  today  a  valuable  com- 
mercial process,  whose  great  potentialities  have  thus  far 
barely  been  touched.  He  will  also  appreciate  that  to  realize 
these  potentialities  each  job  must  be  planned  from  the  out- 
set with  due  consideration  of  the  factors  involved.  In 
actual  practice,  that  can  best  be  accomplished  by  calling 
in  both  a  competent  plastic  molder  and  an  electro-plater  ex- 
perienced in  plastics  while  the  job  is  still  in  its  initial 
stages.  END 


Plasticizers  /or  the   Cellulosics 

(Continued  from  page  62) 


made  to  determine  the  general  mechanical  behavior  of  such 
a  compound.  Load  elongation  curves3  were  used  as  a 
means  of  evaluating  the  mechanical  properties  of  ethyl 
cellulose  and  the  effects  that  plasticizers  have  upon  them. 

In  considering  plasticizers  to  be  used  with  ethyl  cellu- 
lose, it  is  very  necessary  to  consider  volatility,  heat  and 
light  stability,  chemical  resistance,  odor,  color,  taste,  flam- 
mability  and  electric  properties. 

The  conditions  of  temperature  under  which  the  end 
product  is  used  determines  how  volatile  the  plasticizer  may 
be.  Low-boiling  plasticizers  tend  to  volatilize  from  the 
plastics  upon  aging  and  upon  contact  with  heat,  resulting 
in  embrittlement  and  decreased  flexibility.  In  the  case  of 
films,  checking  will  occur;  in  molded  articles  there  will  be 
shrinkage  and  eventual  rupture.  Inasmuch  as  ethyl  cellu- 
lose itself  is  so  stable  to  heat,  a  characteristic  which  stim- 
ulates its  use  in  applications  involving  elevated  tempera- 
tures, plasticizers  of  low  volatility  are  preferred. 

The  plasticizer  should  be  fairly  stable  to  heat  and  light, 
as  is  the  basic  ethyl  cellulose;  otherwise  undesirable  brit- 


TOO 


108 


PLASTICS 


~~i 1 1 1 1 1 1      . 

LOAD-ELONGATION    CURVES    OF    ETHOCEL    FILMS 
PLASTICIZED     WITH    CASTOR     OIL 


CEL  ;    100  CPS.    STANDARD-ETHOXY 
PLASTICIZER    CONTENT,    IN%OF    THE     FILM 


plastics  for  electronics 


Electronics  manufacturers  operate  under  speci- 
fications that  are  extremely  exacting  in  both 
electrical  and  physical  characteristics.  Close  tol- 
erances must  be  met  in  their  equipment — there- 
fore must  be  met  in  plastic  parts  Amphenol  makes 
for  them.  Success  in  meeting  these  conditions 
usually  boils  down  iothe  right  plastic  (viiih  the  re- 
quired characteristics) in  the  right  form  (design). 
Experience  in  this  critical  work  enables 


Amphenol  to  serve  a  wide  range  of  industrial 
manufacturers — particularly  when  the  essentials 
are  physical  strength,  elasticity,  ability  to  stand 
wear  or  exposure  to  heat,  moisture,  oil,  acid  and 
other  conditions. 

Electronics  and  industrial  manutacturers  are 
finding  the  answers  to  such  problems  in 
Amphenol's  engineering  and  production  depart- 
ments. Amphenol,  one  of  the  leading  molders  of 
plastics,  has  been  well  known  in  this  field  for 
many  years  and  thoroughly  proved  by  heavy 
wartime  manufacturing  schedules.  As  your  prob- 
lem's come  up  "Ask  Amphenol." 

AMERICAN      PHENOLIC      CORPORATION 

Chicago  SO,  IlllooU 
In  Canada    •     Amphwiol  Umttod    •     Toronto 


hiincilu  EliciiMlci  »<  Mnlir— Neb*  MM  •  I  I  I  CiMi  iM  CMMCIHI  •  CwMt  •  CiWuuwMMt  •  CMMCIWI  ( 1 1.  ItttM,  I  I  M 


MAY  1945 


I'  L  .%  STIC  S 


109 


— i 1 1 1 1       i       i       r       r       i       i 

LOAD-ELONGATION    CURVES    OF    ETHOCEL    FILMS 
PLASTICIZED    WITH     AROMATIC    PHOSPHATES 


ETHOCEL  ;    100    CPS    STANDARD-ETHOXY 
PLASTICIZER    CONTENT,     13%  OF    THE     FILM 

I 1 1 


I.  DOW    PLASTICIZER    II 
?.OOW    PLASTICIZER    7 
3.  ETHOCELj    UNPLASTICIZED 
4  .  DOW     PLASTICIZER     2 
DOW    PLASTICIZER    6 
G.DOW     PLASTICIZER     5 
7.  TRIPHENYL    PHOSPHATE 
8.TRICRESYL    PHOSPHATE 


30  40 

ELONCATIONj   PERCENT 


tleness  and  discoloration  may  occur,  rendering  the  plastics 
unfit  for  use. 

Selecting  a  plasticizer  compatible  with  ethyl  cellulose 
is  a  simple  matter,  since  this  material  may  be  combined 
with  phthalates,  stearates,  glycerides,  fatty  acid  esters, 
amides  and  phosphates.  Some  of  the  better  plasticizers  to 
be  used  with  ethyl  cellulose  are  di(o-xenyl)  monophenyl 
phosphate,  triphenyl  phosphate  and  tricresyl  phosphate, 
which  are  characterized  by  •  non-volatility,  retention  of 
flexibility  and  reduction  of  burning  rate;  diphenyl  p'ltha- 
late,  dibutyl  "Cellosolve"  phthalate,  di-ethoxy  ethyl  phtha- 
late  for  non-volatility;  and  dibutyl  phthalate,  dianiyl  phtha- 
late, Santicizers  E-L5  and  B-16,  where  some  volatility  is 
allowable;  castor  oil  in  films  for  hardness  and  flexibility; 
butyl  stearate  as  a  softening  agent  which  improves  flexi- 
bility at  higher  concentration ;  butyl  "Cellosolve"  stearate 
for  non-volatility;  o  and  p  toluene  ethyl  sulfonamide  for 
good  flexibility  and  light  stability ;  and  methyl  phthalyl 
ethyl  glycollate  for  low  volatility  and  stability. 

Because  it  can  be  so  easily  varied  by  means  of  plastic- 
izers, ethyl  cellulose  can  be  put  to  many  uses.  It  can  be 
obtained  in  the  form  of  molding  powder  to  be  used  for 
varied  molded  and  extruded  products,  and  as  sheeting,  film, 
lacquer  and  coating.  It  finds  application  in  airplane  parts, 
wire  coatings,  trim  moldings,  tubings,  aircraft  control  parts, 
fabric  coatings,  electrical  appliances,  goggle  frames,  hose 
nozzles  and  fittings,  ice  trays  and  a  host  of  other  varied 
uses.  END 

References 

1  Pinto,  Leonard  F.,  PLASTICS.  Feb.  24,   1945. 

*  Malm,  Carl  J.,  Fordyce,  Charles  R.,  Tanner,  Howard  A.  Ind.  Eng.  Chem.. 
34,  430-435  (1942). 

3  Bass,  Shailer  L.,  and  Kauppi,  T.  A.  Ind.  Eng.  Chem.,  29,  478-484  (1937). 

[The  author  wishes  to  acknowledge  the  courtesy  of  Dow  Chemical  Co.  and 
Hercules  Powder  Co.  in  supplying  the  graphs  to  illustrate  this  article.] 


Design  for  New  Markets! 

(Continued  from  page  32) 


Actually,  since  the  pen  holder  offered  little  in  the  way 
of  advantages  over  its  predecessor,  it  failed  to  attract  much 
attention.  Had  the  manufacturer  improved  on  its  function 
(there  were  many  chances  for  design  change  here),  or 
beauty,  or  both — it  would  have  had  less  sales  competition. 
It  would  have  been  new  .  .  .  had  new  eye  appeal  .  .  .  new 
functional  appeal  .  .  .  new  sales  appeal,  and  would  have 


not  been  in  direct  competition  with  its  prototype.  Plastics 
ask  for  change — demand  it !  Yet  this  imitative  story  is 
repeated  on  item  after  item. 

Producers  who  play  too  safe  not  only  jeopardize  their 
relative  position  in  the  field,  but  also  the  entire  trade,  as 
shown  by  the  plywood-veneer  industry  in  its  youth,  15-20 
years  ago. 

When  this  industry  began  to  sell  its  products  to  a  mass 
market  (as  the  plastics  industry  is  doing  today)  it  openly 
referred  to  them  as  "substitutes"  for  solid  lumbers.  In  fact, 
it  hated  to  admit  they  were  different,  that  they  cost  less. 
Ply  and  veneer  rapidly  acquired  a  reputation  for  "cheap- 
ness." Some  years  later  these  industries  awoke  to  their 
mistake,  realized  that  their  products  had  great  innate  vir- 
tue, and  in  many  ways  were  better  than  solid  lumber  or 
natural  finish.  By  then  it  was  almost  too  late. 

Then,  with  great  effort  and  time,  associations  were  set 
up  and  given  large  publicity  appropriations  to  combat  the 
very  stories  that  the  plywood  and  veneer  industries  orig- 
inally told  and  honestly  believed  themselves. 

Perhaps  one  of  the  best  examples  of  an  industry  alert  to 
the  possibilities  of  plastics  is  the  telephone  industry.  (See 
page  31.) 

What  would  have  seemed  fantastic  10  years  ago,  looms 
as  a  post-war  possibility  today.  Function  and  the  material 
both  lead  it  toward  this  form.  Of  course,  this  direction  may 
be  offset  by  a  new  principle  of  dialing,  as  illustrated  by  the 
keyboard  system  suggested  in  the  March  issue  of  PLASTICS. 
Should  such  a  new  type  come  in,  plastics  will  probably  play 
a  major  role  in  its  design  because  they  lend  themselves 
naturally  to  radical  change. 

Production  costs  can  more  easily  be  lowered  when  the 
designer  has  a  free  hand,  than  if  he  is  instructed  to  make  a 
broach,  a  phone  or  a  what-have-you  look  like  their  tradi- 
tional counterparts.  Whereas  traditional  design  often  im- 
poses unforeseen  and  unfortunate  limitations,  advancing 
technology  automatically  demands  new  design  and  ages 
existing  models.  According  to  Mr.  Joslin  of  E.  I.  du  Pont, 
"Since  motor  car  production  was  stopped  by  war,  the  shiny 
1942  models  in  dealers'  storerooms  have  aged  technically 
20  years !" 

Modern  Design  Cuts  Cost 

It  can  be  proven  that  modern  design,  applied  to  plastics, 
saves  money  for  the  manufacturer: 

(1)  Already  mold  costs  have  been  mentioned.  If  the  de- 
signer has  to  adhere  closely  to  existing  designs,  it  limits 
his  usefulness.    He  cannot  design  to  cut  expenses  on  such 
things  as  tapping,  flash  removal,  polishing,  etc.,  whose  re- 
duction greatly  lowers  costs ! 

(2)  Simplified    shapes    are    usually    insurance    guards 
against  breakage  and  failure.     Intricacy  begets  high  mold 
costs  and  usually  serves  no  structural  purpose. 

(3)  The  very  process  of  molding  calls  for  design  simpli- 
fication along  modern  lines,  thus  tending  to  save  costs  on 
finishing  operation,  molds,  and  the  use  of  material.    The 
importance  of  this  factor  increases  with  the  shortness  of 
the  run. 

(4)  Merchandise  and  items  designed  especially  for  plas- 
tics production  must  be  capable  of  reinforcements  through 
the  use  of  ribs  and  beads,  to  be  guarded  against  brittleness, 
cracking  or  breaking.     (A  design  one  might  be  copying, 
the  traditional  design,  may  have  no  ribs  or  beads  because 
the  material  it  was  originally  made  of  did  not  call  for  it.) 

(5)  A  reduction  in  the  number  of  parts  can  be  obtained. 
Given  a  free  rein,  the  designer  will  often  find  it  possible 
to  reduce  the  number  of  parts  by  incorporating  two  or  more 
formerly  separate  units  into  a  single  plastics  piece. 

(6)  Proper  plastics  design  should  be  directed  toward 
minimizing  the  waste  of  scrap.     Woodworking  plants  are 
often  heated  by  burning  waste  material  from  their  pro- 
duction. 


110 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Pipe  tfwwdttf.  ov  "Defoate  Pfyette 

SARAN  READILY  FILLS  BOTH  REQUIREMENTS 


A  little  ingenuity  and  some  stock  Saran  Plastic  go  a  long 
way  in  developing  new,  useful  products,  particularly 
when  you  need  something  to  resist  the  action  of  corrosive 
materials  .  .  .  Shown  here  are  only  a  few  of  the  things 
we  have  developed  in  our  own  laboratories  to  meet  in- 
dustrial needs.  On  the  top  is  an  anti-splash  acid  funnel 
made  from  a  sheet  of  Saran  and  half  of  a  pipe  coupling. 
The  whole  unit  is  attached  to  a  heavy  Saran  pipe  assembly. 
In  the  insert  is  a  delicate  pipette  made  from  Saran  rod 


and  tube.  All  were  cut  from  stock  material  and  welded 
by  simple  methods  with  tools  readily  available.  It  will 
pay  you  to  investigate  the  versatility  of  Saran  Plastic  Pipe, 
Tube,  Sheet,  Rod  and  Molded  Fittings  .  .  .  Send  for 
our  latest  P-ll  Technical  Bulletin,  just  off  the  press, 
which  illustrates  methods  of  welding  Saran.  Let  us  put 
you  on  the  list  to  receive  our  coming  new  P-12  Bulletin 
covering  the  fabrication  of  Saran. 


SARAN       HODGMAN  RUBBER  CO. 


•U.  8.  P»t.  No. 
2160631 


FRAMINGHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS 


New  York  16 
261   Fifth  Avenue 


Chicago  2 
173  West  Madison  Ave. 


San  Francisco  5 
121  Second  Street 


Saran  tube,  pipe  fillings,  sheet  and  rod.   Extruded  products  of  rubber  and  plastic. 

Horco  Coated  Fabrics. 


MAY  1945 


I  •  I,  A  ST1CS 


111 


In  some  plastics  plants,  however,  one  sees  almost  all 
plastics  scrap  picked  up  in  the  factory  dust  pan  because  it 
is  composed  of  diverse  materials  too  difficult  or  costly  to 
separate. 

The  plastics  industry  can  utilize  planned  design  to  expand 
its  hold  on  the  consumer  market  by  four  possible  methods : 
(1)  Combining  with  other  materials ;  (2)  Properly  timing 
the  introduction  of  new  plastics  to  the  public;  (3)  Elimina- 
tion of  gingerbread  and  frills;  and  (4)  Selecting  materials 
having  the  properties  needed  for  a  given  application. 

By  willingness  to  combine  with  other  materials,  plastics 
will  be  able  to  enter  many  fields  it  does  not  now  serve  in. 
It  has  been  said  by  merchandising  men  that  items  which 
are  part  plastics  often  outsell  an  all  plastics  item.  Some- 
times this  is  due  to  proper  limited  use  in  combination  with 
other  materials,  and  sometimes  it  is  due  to  public  skepticism 
about  an  all-plastics  item.  The  three  Bavarian  House 
barometers  shown  on  page  32  illustrate  this  point.  One  is 
all  wood,  the  second  is  wood  and  plastics  combined,  while 
the  third  is  all  plastics.  The  combination  outsold  the  others 
by  far.  This,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  plastics  house 
was  considerably  cheaper!  Why?  Because  the  public 
must  be  led  to  all-plastics  items  gradually?  Perhaps.  Would 
the  all-plastics  model  have  outsold  the  other  two  if  it  had 
not  tried  to  imitate,  but  rather  had  been  an  original  house 
of  some  sort,  instead  of  one  known  to  be  made  of  wood  in 
its  original  form  ?  People  who  wanted  the  Bavarian  type 
house  wanted  it  for  a  certain  trueness  about  it.  The  answer 
is  probably  to  be  found  in  both  explanations. 

Importance  of  Timing 

Proper  and  timely  introduction  to  the  public  is  necessary 
to  combat  skepticism.  A  few  years  ago  the  plastics  indus- 
try came  in  for  a  great  deal  of  criticism  by  the  press  and 
tradepapers  because  it  had  gone  hog-wild.  Wild  dream 
"Living  Rooms  of  Tomorrow,"  "Kitchens  of  Tomorrow" 
were  advertised  throughout  the  nation.  A  great  deal  of 
them  were  fantastic  nonsense,  making  promises  to  a  buying 
public  that  it  could  not  fulfill.  This  led  to  public  skepticism 
which  a  sobered  up  industry  is  now  trying  to  live  down. 

Elimination  of  frills  and  gingerbread  is  necessary  not 
only  to  cut  molding  costs  but  also  to  demonstrate  that  the 
plastics  industry  is  a  modern  one  with  potentialities.  Other- 
wise public  acceptance  will  be  on  a  "substitute"  and  "or- 
namental" level.  The  importance  of  choosing  the  right 
material  can  be  shown  by  example: 

At  the  approach  of  war,  a  manufacturer  started  to  sell 
a  plastics  drain  pipe  for  kitchen  sinks.  A  publicity  item 
released  by  this  firm  read,  "Major  advantages  in  the  use  of 
plastics  (cellulose  acetate  in  this  case)  for  this  application 
are  obvious.  Rust,  normally  a  maintenance  hazard  with 
metal  installations,  is  nonexistent.  In  addition  the  surface 
finish  of  the  plastics  drain  is  more  than  'skin  deep' ;  it  will 
not  wear  away  with  age,  and  does  not  require  constant  pol- 
ishing." 

Of  course,  as  you  probably  know,  should  a  person  let  the 
hot  water  run  down  the  drain  for  10  or  15  min,  the  pipes 
become  soft  and  fail.  A  thermosetting  plastics  such  as 
melamine  formaldehyde  should  have  been  used. 

Another  manufacturer  at  the  start  of  the  war  attempted 
to  make  ammunition  shells  of  plastics !  Actually,  no  plastics 
are  suitable  at  the  present  time,  since  extremely  exacting 
tolerances  must  be  observed,  and  warpage  and  flexing  can- 
not be  tolerated. 

I»  a. third  case,  a  manufacturer  combined  two  plastics  in 
one  compact,  which,  when  placed  on  the  merchant's  shelf 
under  high  temperature  conditions,  explode  intp  flames.  A 
little  testing  would  have  avoided. this  situation  !  Naturally, 
modern  advances  in  plastics  research  and  experience  will 
tend  to  eliminate  some  of  these  unfortunate  experiences  of 
the  past.  Children's  plastics  toys,  once  easily  chipped  when 


made  of  certain  plastics,  have  been  toughened  by  the  use 
of  new  fillers  in  phenolic  resins,  thus  averting  the  possibility 
that  the  child  will  swallow  broken  pieces. 

Today  the  plastics  industry,  in  common  with  other  indus- 
tries, is  confronted  with  two  major  problems.  It  must  be 
set  for  rapid  conversion  to  peacetime  goods,  and  it  must 
promote  the  right  products  for  mass  sales.  Both  can  be 
anticipated  through  proper  design.  END 


Enhancing  Molding  Efficiency 

(Continued  front  page  82) 


This  machine  has  the  same  type  of  frame  and  mold  ac- 
tuating mechanism,  and  the  same  capacity  as  the  12-oz. 
horizontal  machines  of  the  same  make.  In  order  to  bring 
the  movable  mold  platen  to  waist  height,  the  machine  is 
installed  with  its  base  somewhat  below  the  level  of  the  floor 
on  which  the  operator  stands,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2.  In  the 
Brilhart  plant,  the  hydraulic  system  is  installed  beside  the 
machine,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  illustrations,  although  it  is 
quite  possible  and  practical  to  install  it  in  the  basement  or 
floor  below. 

The  injection  cylinder  for  thermoplastics,  probably  the 
most  important  functioning  part  of  any  injection  molding 
machine,  is  the  same  as  those  used  on  the  company's  hori- 
zontal machines,  with  the  exception  that  the  elbow  in  the 
cylinder  near  the  nozzle  is  eliminated.  This  cylinder  has 
a  hollow  plunger  and  inner  stem  and  provides  an  annular 
or  ring-shaped  heating  chamber  (see  Fig.  3)  which  exposes 
the  descending  material  to  heat  transfer  from  both  the 
outside  and  inside  simultaneously,  the  heat  being  supplied 
by  electrical  resistance  heating  collars  encircling  the  cylin- 
der. The  material  is  then  fed  through  a  number  of  small 
spreader  holes  to  expose  it  to  even  greater  and  more  uni- 
form heat  concentration,  and  is  completely  plasticized  and 
ready  for  injection  before  it  reaches  the  nozzle. 

Because  of  this  efficient  method  of  plasticization,  the 
material  offers  little  frictional  resistance  to  the  plunger 
stroke  and  is  driven  into  the  mold  cavities  with  very  little 
loss  of  applied  pressure.  Moldings  thus  produced  are  dense 
and  homogeneous  throughout,  with  a  structural  stability 
which  minimizes  cooling  shrinkages  and  makes  it  possible 
to  attain  tolerances  as  close  as  —  .001"  and  hold  them  after 
cooling.  The  tensile,  compressive,  impact,  shear  and  flex- 
ural  strength  of  such  moldings  is  greater  than  that  of  the 


Fig.  6.    Close-up  of  mold  aperture  of  Lester-Phoenix  machine 


112 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


at  4O  below 

Food  is  kept  hot  for  bomber  crews 
in  a  thermostatically  controlled  unit. 
Tops  of  food  cups  for  soup  and 
coffee  are  molded  from  boiling 
water  resistant  melamine,  with 
screw  caps  that  fit  tightly —  avoid 
spilling.  Because  of  their  long 
experience  in  handling  melamines, 
Watertown  was  chosen  to  mold 
these  sturdy  sanitary  tops. 


The  Watertown  Manufacturing  Company, 
1000  Echo  Lake  Road,  Watertown,  Conn. 
Branch  office— Cleveland  •  Sales  offices- 
New  York,  Chicago,  Detroit,  Milwaukee. 

Courtesy  The  Toppan  Slave  Company,  Mansfield,  O. 


NAME      AS     OLD     AS      THE     PLASTICS      INDUSTRY 


MAY  1943 


PLASTiCS 


113 


usual  moldings,  since  they  are  less  likely  to  contain  shrink- 
age strains  caused  by  uneven  flow  and  weld;  their  surfaces 
are  hard,  smooth,  free  of  weld  marks,  and  they  have  a  high 
resistance  to  thermal  shock. 

The  functioning  of  the  heating  and  plasticizing  equip- 
ment has  a  major  bearing  on  the  speed  of  production,  inas- 
much as  a  machine  can  not  produce  any  faster  than  it  can 
plasticize  the  charge.  The  type  of  cylinder  shown  in  Fig.  3 
plasticizes  a  charge  with  unprecedented  rapidity. 

The  importance  of  variable  and  independently  controlled 
injection  speed  and  pressure,  mentioned  previously  in  con- 
nection with  the  molding  of  Lucite  in  the  Brilhart  plant, 
cannot  be  overemphasized.  Many  plastics  materials  require 
relatively  low  speed  and  tremendously  high  pressure  to  pack 
the  material  into  the  mold  tightly  enough  to  produce  a  fine 
microstructure,  while  others  require  exactly  the  opposite 
procedure.  Brilhart  has  found  that  nylon,  for  instance, 
must  be  injected  at  high  velocity  because  of  the  speed  at 
which  it  sets  up;  high  pressure,  however,  may  cause  bubbles 
and  flash.  In  its  molten  state,  nylon  has  a  consistency  sim- 
ilar to  that  of  SAE  10  motor  oil,  will  enter  an  opening 
only  .001"  wide,  and  therefore  flashes  very  easily. 

As  in  the  case  of  horizontal  machines,  the  frame  of  the 
vertical  machine  is  of  cast  steel,  and  the  mold  adjustment 
is  accomplished  by  means  of  a  large  centrally-located  screw, 
which  assures  constant  and  absolute  parallelism  of  mold 
platens.  The  toggle  mechanism  develops  mold  locking  pres- 
sure of  400  tons,  and  is  built  so  that  the  shock  loading  of 
injection  is  not  applied  directly  to  the  toggle  pins,  which 
might  cause  breakage,  but  is  transferred  directly  to  the 
heavy  alloy  cast  steel  frame. 

The  vertical  injection  molding  machine  possesses  certain 
advantages  which  are  likely  to  increase  the  scope  and  ap- 
plications of  injection  molding.  When  the  war  is  over  and 
data  is  available  on  a  number  of  moldings  which  cannot  be 
described  now,  it  will  undoubtedly  be  discovered  that  ver- 
tical injection  molding  machines  have  already  helped  to 
solve  many  problems  now  vexing  molders,  particularly  those 
relating  to  the  installation  of  inserts.  END 


Better  Home  Television 

(Continued  from  page  48) 


the  lower  portion  of  the  apparatus  with  a  bowl-shaped 
mirror  below  it  facing  upward.  Light  from  the  face  of  the 
tube  is  reflected  upward  from  the  mirror  through  the  lens 
to  a  flat  inclined  mirror  near  the  top  of  the  cabinet  from 
which  it  is  thrown  on  the  back  of  the  viewing  screen.  The 
vertical  mounting  makes  it  possible  to  install  the  entire 
receiver  and  optical  system  in  a  cabinet  smaller  than  the 
standard  radio  console. 

The  great  light-gathering  power  of  this  optical  system 
permits  transfer  to  this  screen  of  a  high  percentage  of  the 
light  projection  on  the  face  of  the  tube.  The  aspherical 
lens  brings  the  light  reflected  by  the  mirror  to  a  sharp 
focus  on  the  screen.  The  major  obstacle  of  the  develop- 
ment of  this  system  was  the  time  and  cost  involved  in 
producing  aspherical  lenses  from  glass.  This  problem  was 
solved  at  RCA  by  devising  methods  and  equipment  for 
molding  the  lenses  of  methyl  methacrylate. 

Two  other  optical  problems  were  also  solved.  One  was 
the  tendency  which  the  screen  would  normally  have  to  de- 
velop a  hot  spot  resulting  in  a  glare  in  the  center  and  in- 
sufficient light  in  other  parts  of  the  image.  The  other  was 
the  distribution  of  a  major  portion  of  the  light  to  the  spec- 
tators. Solutions  were  found  in  a  combination  of  principles 
which  have  been  incorporated  in  the  molding  design  of  the 
screen,  assuring  both  even  distribution  of  light  over  the 
image  area,  and  proper  distribution  of  transmitted  light 
within  the  normal  viewing  angle. 


It  has  been  known  for  a  long  time  that  aspherical  sur- 
faces in  combination  with  either  spherical  or  aspherical 
mirrors  may  be  arranged  into  optical  systems  of  high 
aperature  and  high  definition.  Astronomers  made  use  of 
these  principles  in  an  arrangement  consisting  of  a  spherical 
mirror  and  an  asperical  lens.  However,  high  cost  and 
difficulties  in  constructing  such  systems  prevented  their 
general  utilization.  RCA  systems  consist  of  a  spherical 
front  surface  mirror  and  an  aspherical  lens  positive  in  the 
central  portion  and  gradually  changing  into  negative  near 
its  periphery.  The  gain  in  illumination  on  the  viewing 
screen  with  a  new  system  is  about  six  or  seven  to  one, 
when  compared  with  a  conventional  f/2  lens.  The  quality 
of  the  image  is  high. 

Handicaps 

The  main  handicap  of  the  new  system,  the  high  cost  of 
the  lens,  has  been  overcome  by  the  development  of  ma- 
chines for  making  aspherical  molds  and  by  developing  a 
process  for  molding  aspherical  lenses  from  plastics.  A 
special  research  project  was  undertaken  to  investigate 
methods  for  producing  the  lenses,  using  Plexiglas  as  the 
acrylic. 

Difficult  problems  arose.  One  of  them  was  that  of  mak- 
ing molding  surfaces  of  metal  in  the  shape  of  the  negative 
replicas.  Another  serious  problem  to  contend  with  was 
that  of  obtaining  optical  finishes  on  metals.  Both  were 
solved,  as  follows : 

A  hardenable  stainless  steel  flat  disk  is  first  profiled, 
aided  by  a  template.  This  template  is  filed  to  a  theoretical 
curve  which  has  been  calculated.  The  profiling  machine 
has  a  5-to-l  lever  action  which  calls  for  a  template  five 
times  deeper  than  the  final  curve. 

Profiling  is  done  by  diamond  wheels,  and  the  resulting 
curve  is  tested  on  a  precision  curvemeter,  final  adjustments 
of  which  are  done  by  fine  grinding  and  polishing  on  a  pre- 
cision polishing  machine.  The  final  optical  finish  is  the 
result  of  metal,  proper  hardening  and  tempering,  and  proper 
choice  of  abrasives  and  polishing  agents. 

The  lens  is  compression  molded.  The  remaining  opera- 
tion after  molding  is  that  of  boring  a  hole  in  the  center  of 
the  lens  to  accommodate  the  protruding  nick  of  the  cathode 
ray  tube.  The  lens  is  then  ready  for  use.  No  polishing 
or  finishing  of  any  sort  is  required. 

Molding  the  Lenses 

Molded  correcting  lenses  for  reflective  optical  systems 
possess  very  good  optical  properties,  especially  better  trans- 
mission and  less  scattering  of  light,  than  glass.  Of  course 
the  plastics  lens  does  not  have  the  surface  hardness  nor 
the  scratch  resistance  of  glass,  but  even  without  any  special 
care  it  has  stood  up  well  under  laboratory  operation.  The 
c/)ld  flow  under  operation  was  found  to  be  negligible.  The 
cold  flow  depends  on  the  operating  temperature  which  for 
a  television  lens  is  around  room  temperature.  Should  new 
designs  require  higher  operation  temperatures,  the  new 
boilable  methyl  methacrylates  will  be  used. 

In  one  possible  arrangement  for  mounting  the  correcting 
lens,  it  fits  into  a  recess  on  the  top  of  a  metal  barrel,  the 
recess  being  counterbored  for  a  snug  fit  with  the  correcting 
lens.  The  spherical  mirror  is  mounted  on  the  bottom  cover 
of  the  barrel  by  means  of  a  collar  and  not  through  the 
center  hole  in  the  mirror. 

The  viewing  screen  is  also  fabricated  from  methyl  metha- 
crylate, but  contains  a  diffusing  substance  incorporated  in 
the  material.  The  plastics  is  used,  rather  than  glass,  to 
facilitate  production  of  the  surface  patterns  used  to  improve 
light  distribution  on  the  screen.  At  this  time  a  description 
of  the  screen  is  being  withheld.  END 


114 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1943 


GAS    MASK    PARTS 

The  Lumarilh*  X  components  must  fit  pre- 
cisely to  insure  vital  protection.  1  64" 
lenses  must  curve  to  exact  specifications 
sealing  discs  in  angle  lube  must  be  air- 
tight. All  the  way  through  Lumarilh  X  as- 
sures dimensional  accuracy,  toughness. 


EMERGENCY    FISHING    KIT 

Here's  a  real  meal  ticket  for  downed  flyers 
awaiting  rescue.  Directions  are  permanent- 
ly stamped  in  the  container.  The  kit  even 
includes  a  plastic  lens  lor  starting  a  fire. 
The  material  Lumarith*  C.A.  —  is  water, 
(mold  and  fungi  proof,  exceptionally  tough. 


WATER    TESTING    KIT 

This  rugged  Lumarilh*  E.  C.  (ethyl  cellu- 
lose) container  protects  a  set  of  chemicals 
used  to  test  water  supplies  for  advancing 
fighters.  Color-reaction  comparison  speci- 
mens secured  to  the  cover  can  be  clearly 
seen  yet  protected  against  weather  factors. 


COMBINATION    FLASK 

First  it  serves  as  a  container  for  emergency 
rations  and  medical  supplies,  then  when 
sealed  with  accompanying  pressure-sensi- 
tive tape  as  a  flask  lor  emergency  water 
supply.  It's  made  ol  tough,  waterproof, 
non-shallerable  Lumarith  E.G. 


Fabric,  metal  foil,  cellophane  and  Lumarith 
foil  effectively  team  up  to  protect  GI  Joe 
from  poison  gases.  The  cape  is  sealed  with  | 

pressure-sensitive  tape  backed  with  Luma- 
rith. For  the  container,  Lumarith  supplies 
waterproofness,  toughness,  fold  strength. 


RESCUE    SIGNAL    LIGHT 

Signalling  through  darkness  to  rescue  par- 
lies at  sea,  this  Lumarith  X  encased  battery 
lamp  saves  many  a  downed  flyer's  or  sea- 
man's life.  It's  loagh.  watertight,  shock- 
proof  -qualities  thai  have  made  Lumarilh 
plastics  outstanding. 


IN  HUNDREDS  of  applications— on  land,  at  sea,  and 
in  the  air— Lumarith  meets  new  and  exacting  re- 
quirements for  high  impact  strength,  waterproof- 
ness  and  dimensional  stability. 

From  spiral  wound  Lumarilh  containers  for 
medical  items,  to  Aero  Quality  Lumarilh  sheets 
for  cockpit  enclosures,  a  wide  range  of  formula- 
lions  score  new  highs  in  tensile  strength,  flexural 
capacity  and  surface  resistance. 

Lumarith*  E.  C.  particularly  stands  out  for  high 
impact  strength  and  dimensional  stability  even 


under  extremes  of  humidity  and  temperature. 

Our  technical  staff  has  helped  to  simplify  any 
number  of  war  production  problems  in  plastics. 
Why  not  take  advantage  of  this  service?  Celanese 
Plastics  Corporation,  a  division  of  Celanese  Cor- 
poration of  America,  180  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  16,  N.Y. 

•iui.u.s.r.1.0*. 


EXECUTIVES!  Just  published,  136  page  manual  entitled,  "FABRICATING  METHODS  FOR  LUMARITH*  CELLULOID*  AND  SIMILAR  THERMOPLASTIC 
MATERIALS"  Writ*  for  complimentary  copy  on  your  company  letterhead    Additional  copies,  $1.00  each 

MAY  1945  PLASTICS  115 


PLASTICS'  Washington  Correspondent 


THERE  are  two  points  of  view  in  the  Capital  about 
plastics  prospects.  In  Government  offices  the  word  is 
that  supplies  and  facilities  will  be  much  more  painfully 
pinched  in  the  months  immediately  ahead,  while  outside  of 
Government  offices,  in  other  responsible  quarters,  it  is  said 
that  the  Army  will  doubtless  announce  its  cutbacks  by  the 
early  part  of  May.  The  Army,  meanwhile,  is  completely 
non-commital,  but,  at  the  same  time,  seems  to  be-  accumu- 
lating everything  in  sight  that  it  may  have  to  use,  appar- 
ently acting  on  the  premise  that  it  is  wise  to  stock  up  to  be 
ready  for  all  eventualities.  The  reason  that  the  plastics 
industry  is  so  hard  hit  at  this  writing  is  because  the  supply 
of  raw  materials  has  been  cut  down  almost  to  the  vanish- 
ing point — a  mere  trickle.  The  materials  are  not  actually 
denied  the  plastics  industry — they  are  headed  off  before 
they  can  reach  the  industry.  There  are  so  many  urgent 
war  uses  which  have  priority  before  plastics  that  little  is 
left  by  the  time  the  plastics  industry  needs  are  reached.  The 
squeeze  hits  the  producers  of  military  goods  almost  as 
hard  as  it  hits  those  who  produce  civilian  essential  wares. 
In  OCR,  Dr.  George  K.  Hamill  and  his  associates  are 
the  advocates,  the  champions  of  civilians,  in  the  need  for 
durable  goods.  They  have  put  up  an  extraordinarily  good 
fight  in  the  past,  and  the  durable  goods  industrialists  have 
leaned  heavily  upon  them  in  emergencies.  But  at  this  time 
there  is  almost  nothing  Dr.  Hamill  and  his  associates  can 
do.  Although  such  word  has  not  been  generally  circu- 
lated at  the  time  this  is  written,  acetic  anhydride,  cellulose 
acetates,  and  the  range  of  cellulose  materials,  which  have 
been  the  last  ditch  for  civilians,  also  have  dwindled  to 
the  point  of  almost  nothing.  The  same  holds  true  of  the 
phenolics.  The  absolute  absence  of  plasticizers  is,  of  course, 
not  news.  In  addition,  the  plastics  needs  of  civilians,  no 
matter  what  quality  or  kind  of  scrap  may  be  involved,  are 
vitally  affected  by  the  tremendous  need  to  feed  Europe 
and  other  parts  of  the  globe.  Areas  in  Europe,  especially, 
must  be  brought  back  into  production  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible. Obviously  we  need  our  own  food  products  which 
we  grow  and  process  over  here,  and  patently  it  is  becom- 
ing more  and  more  unpopular  to  ship  huge  quantities  of 
food  to  other  nations,  when  we  need  the  food  here  at  home 
to  preserve  health  and  morale.  Those  European  areas 
must  therefore  be  enabled  to  raise  their  own  food.  It 
accordingly  seems  logical  to  anticipate  that  huge  quanti- 
ties of  fertilizer  will  go  to  Europe  as  soon  as  possible  so 
that  farmers  over  there  may  produce  crops  this  summer. 

Fertilizers  vs  Plastics 

Fertilizers  in  a  chemical  sense  spell  methanol  and  nitro- 
gen and  acetate  and  other  products  which  also  mean  plas- 
tics. Our  Government  friends  seem  to  think  that  the  shrink- 
age in  cellulose  products  means  there  will  be  no  scrap  in 
May  and  June.  This  would  mean  an  extraordinary  jolt 
to  the  marginal  production  for  civilian  requirements.  Va- 
rious metals  will  probably  be  easier,  due  in  part  to  the  fact 
that  Navy  has  already  cutback  a  quantity  of  metal  which 
may  be  available  for  civilian  goods  such  as  washing  ma- 


chines, vacuum  cleaners,  and  many  other  items  which  use 
plastics  parts.  Consciousness  of  this  situation  leads  our 
Government  friends  to  predict  that  plastics  will  lag  be- 
hind metals  the  next  few  months,  and  in  some  quarters  the 
manufacturers  of  the  goods  are  urged  to  fall  back  on  the 
materials  and  the  forms  they  used  before  they  had  plastics 
parts;  this  could  provide  a  temporary  expedient  to  carry 
them  through  until  the  plastics  materials  are  again  available. 

In  Government  the  consensus  of  opinion  appears  to  be 
that  the  going  will  be  tough  in  plastics  for  at  least  six 
months,  with  greater  scarcities.  The  hope  seems  to  be 
that  after  V-E  Day  the  full  scale  needs  in  Europe  will 
taper  off  quickly,  and  that  this  effect  will  lead  the  Army 
to  suggest  a  sort  of  holiday  in  production,  for  a  very  short 
time.  This  slowing  down,  it  is  thought,  may  last  2  months, 
3  months,  6  months — or  even  longer;  the  inclination  here 
is  to  assume  that  it  will  last  3  or  4  months.  It  seems  to  be 
generally  agreed  that  a  certain  amount  of  confusion  may 
prevail  for  a  limited  time,  due  to  inevitable  problems  of 
reconversion,  etc. 

The  Government  people  who  combat  the  intricate  prob- 
lems of  the  plastic  industry  look  forward  to  the  post- 
V-E  Day  period  as  the  gap  during  which  they  will  be  able 
to  make  moves  which  will  enable  them  to  adjust  and  read- 
just the  various  equations  to  give  the  industry  a  sound, 
healthy,  fresh  start.  The  Army  in  the  meantime  is  ex- 
pected to  gather  its  forces  for  the  new  program,  which  it 
must  initiate  to  set  in  motion  the  larger  war  in  Asia.  It  is 
generally  believed  that  the  plastics  industry,  as  well  as 
many  other  industries,  will  start  up  after  the  post-V-E  Day 
lull  with  all  and  more  of  the  momentum  which  carried  war 
production  along  before  V-E  Day.  In  other  words,  the 
full-scale  war  in  Asia  may  require  every  bit  as  much  pro- 
duction as  was  necessary  for  the  combined  war. 

Manpower  Problems 

Aside  from  discussions  about  reconversion,  the  principal 
subject  discussed  now  in  Washington  is  manpower.  The 
plastics  industry  is  reported  to  have  more  than  its  share 
of  trouble.  In  some  areas  there  is  greater  scarcity  than  in 
others.  And  there  are  a  number  of  localities  where  the 
experience  in  the  metropolitan  areas  of  New  York  is  re- 
peated in  one  way  or  another.  On  the  New  York  side  of 
the  Hudson,  plastics  establishments  have  little  difficulty 
with  this  problem.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  is  apparently 
a  surplus  of  manpower.  But  over  in  New  Jersey  there  is 
real  manpower  shortage,  and  the  most  curious  phase  of 
the  situation  is  that  it  is  practically  impossible  to  induce 
the  surplus  of  workers  on  the  New  York  side  of  the  Hud- 
son to  go  over  into  Jersey.  At  the  level  of  fabricators  and 
molders,  we  are  told  that  it  is  possible  to  employ  part-time 
workers,  which  sometimes  eases  the  strain.  But  at  other 
levels  the  workers  must  contribute  full  time.  It  is  at  these 
levels  where  the  difficulty  is  greatest. 

In  the  primary  material  bases  the  shortage  is  further 
aggravated  by  the  lack  of  understanding  among  draft 
boards  which  sincerely  fail  to  grasp  the  importance  of 


116 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


The  sample  of  INDERON  illus 
trated  at  the  right,  shows  how 
the  plastic  facing  gives  a 
smooth,  hard  surface  —  how 
the  plywood  core  gives 
"depth",  strength  and  body  to 
the  plastic  laminate. 


Just  what  is  this  NEW 

STRUCTURAL  PRODUCT? 


It  '^plastic-faced plyivood. 
The  hard,  smooth,  grain- 
less  plastic  is  permanently 
fused  to  a  laminated  resin- 
bonded  plywood  core. 

NOW  plastic  and  plywood  have  been  com- 
bined — "alloyed"  —  to  produce  a  structural 
product  which  offers  the  smooth,  hard,  per- 
manently finished  qualities  of  plastic  plus  the 
strength,  durability  and  rigidity  of  exterior 
type  plywood. 

INDERON  is  waterproof  •  •  resistant  to 
moisture  and  vapor  --  resistant  to  chemicals, 
decay,  fungi  and  temperature  changes.  It  is 
stable  —  strong,  durable.  It  needs  no  surface 
protection  —  no  additional  decorative  treat- 


ment. 


In  your  postwar  planning,  consider  the  advantages 
of  this  smooth,  hard-surfaced  plastic-plywood 
laminate  for  assembly  trays,  flooring,  die  blocks, 
spools  and  icels.  special  containers,  office  furni- 
ture and  fixtures  and  parts  bins — for  any  struc- 
tural use  where  low  cost,  workability,  smoothness 
and  strength  are  desirable.  Three  grades  will  be 
available — Standard,  Decorative  and  Industrial. 
Write  for  complete  data — today. 


INDERON  panels  are  per-| 
manently  faced  with  three 
or  more  layers  of  a  resin- 
impregnated  plastic.  This 
gives  INDERON  its  hard, 
smooth,  durable  surface. 


The  core  of  each  INDER- 
ON panel  is  resin-bonded 
exterior  type  fir  plywood. 
This  gives  rigidity, 
strength  and  "balance"— 
makes  possible  a  LOW 
COST  plastic  laminate 
with  depth  and  body. 


The  plastic  facing  is  per- 
manently fused  to  the  ply- 
wood core  by  heat  and 
pressure.  It  can't  come 
loose!  Plastic  and  plywood 
become,  in  effect,  a  single 
heat-bonded  unit.  Panels. 


available  m  standard  4x8 
foot  sizes,  are  smooth, 
hard,  strong,  durable,  yet 
easy  to  work,  form  and 
fasten. 


Manufacturers 

Buffelen  Lumber  &•  Mfg.  Co.      Washington  Veneer  Co. 

Olympia,   Wash. 


Tacoma   2,    Wash. 


For  Information  Write 
CHICAGO   SALES   OFFICE 

9    South    Clinton    St.,  Chicago    8,    Illinois 


MAY  1945 


PLASTICS 


117 


Ingenious  New 

Technical  Methods 


Presented  in  the  hope  thai  they  will 
prove  interesting  and  useful  to  you. 


New  Fluorescent  "Flud-Lite"  Magnifiers 
Increase  Efficiency  of  Inspectors, 
Assemblers,  Toolmakers  and  Machinists! 


For  use  in  every  war-busy  plant, 
this  newly  devised  "Flud-Lite" 
Magnifier,  increases  eye-efficiency 
— reduces  error — takes  strain  off 
the  worker.  The  device,  available 
in  two  models:  bench-type  (illus- 
trated), and  portable-type  (with- 
out base  and  friction  joint  arms), 
does  two  vital  jobs: 

(1)  Magnifies  the  work  through  a 
high-quality   five-inch    di- 
ameter lens.  (For  supermog- 
nification,   an   attachment   is 
available  which  doubles  the 
power  of  the  lens.) 

(2)  Floodlights  the  work  with  a 
built-in,    glare-free,   daylight 
fluorescent  light. 

Frame  and  arms  of  "Flud-Lite"  are 
die  castings,  ribbed  for  strength 
and  efficiency.  Durable  black  fin- 
ish. Magnifier  operates  on  AC  cur- 
rent, 1 10-120  volts,  60  cycles.  Pre- 
cision built  throughout,  it's  a  help- 
on-the-job  worth  remembering. 

Remember  Wrigley's  Spearmint 
Chewing  Gum,  too.  Our  guarantee 
of  the  product  has  always  been 
uniform  highest  quality.  That 
guarantee  still  holds,  even  though 
thatfamiliarwrapperis  nowempty, 
because  we  have  ceased  manufac- 
ture of  Wrigley's  Spearmint  Gum. 
And  we  will  resume  production 
only  when  we  know  we  can  make 
it  up  to  Wrigley's  Spearmint  stand- 


You  can  get  complete  information  from 

Stanley  Electric  Tool  Division,  The 

Stanley  Works,  New  Britain, 

Connecticut 


Bench  type  "Flud-Lite"  Magnifier, 
with  adjustable  friction  arm  joints. 


Bottom  view,  showing  built-in 
fluorescent  daylight  lamp. 


1-64 


technical  personnel  and  scientifically-equipped  chemists  and 
similar  workers.  These  frequently  irreplaceable  men  have 
been  taken  for  military  service  to  such  an  extent  that  some 
parts  of  the  industry  have  been  so  seriously  threatened 
with  such  lack  that  they  may  not  be  able  to  function  prop- 
erly. Draft  boards  generally  are  made  up  of  busy  business 
and  professional  men  who,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  are 
compelled  by  circumstances  to  leave  investigation  and  the 
essence  of  determination  to  the  employees  of  the  boards. 
Usually  the  job  is  done  well,  but  often  the  full-time  em- 
ployees lack  the  experience  that  enables  the  more  sea- 
soned business  man  to  bring  a  less  aloof  and  arbitrary 
consideration  to  bear  on  these  -  intensely  human  problems. 
It  is  not  a  fault;  the  result  is  the  inevitable  consequence 
of  the  haste  and  speed  with  which  these  war  problems 
must  be  solved  by  those  who  must  tackle  the  job  with  the 
resources  at  their  command. 

Plastics  Foreign  Reports 

In  the  near  future,  B.  F.  Cooling,  the  plastics  specialist 
in  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce,  will  issue  the  first  of  a  series  of  studies 
about  plastics  as  related  to  various  countries,  particu- 
larly those  countries  with  which  we  maintain  free  com- 
merce, and  those  which  have  been  liberated  or  occupied. 
It  is  anticipated  the  first  group  will  discuss  South  and 
Central  American  countries.  The  studies  are  issued  in  the 
Industrial  Record  Reports  published  by  the  Department  of 
Commerce.  The  Report  which  will  come  out  in  the  im- 
mediate future  covers  Chile  and  Mexico.  Much  of  the  in- 
dustrial activities  in  these  countries  revolves  around  fabri- 
cation and  molding.  They  are  rich  potential  markets  for 
raw  materials  and  for  machinery.  It  is  expected  the 
Chilean  study  will  be  particularly  interesting  because  it 
covers  a  territory  more  or  less  new  to  us  in  plastics.  The 
Mexicans  have  developed  a  considerable  industry,  and  are 
marketing  some  of  their  products  in  this  country. 

Another  recent  Government  publication  of  interest  to  the 
plastics  industry  is  the  report  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census,  covering  Cellulose  Plastic  Products,  which  came 
out  in  March.  The  latest  previous  report  was  issued  in 
1940.  This  is  the  first  assembly  of  figures  since  Pearl 
Harbor:  It  covers  cellulose  rods,  tubes,  sheets,  and  simi- 
ilar  products,  for  the  years  of  1942,  1943,  1944,  and  the 
first  months  of  1945.  The  figures  are  given  by  months. 
Copies  may  be  had  by  writing  the  Director  of  the  Bureau 
of  The  Census,  Department  of  Commerce,  Washington  25, 
D.  C. 

Resin  Imports  Speeded 

World-wide  shortage  of  plastics  resins  and  increas- 
ing shortage  of  Congo  gum  copal  has  prompted  WPB  to 
hasten  imports  of  natural  resins  from  liberated  areas  of 
the  Philippines  and  the  East  Indies.  Early  in  March  the 
natural  resins  were  brought  under  control  by  an  alloca- 
tion order  as  part  of  M-300,  Appendix  B  type  Schedule. 
In  February  the  demand  for  urea  and  melamine  aldehyde 
resins  was  2,000,000  pounds  in  excess  of  the  production  of 
7,000,000  pounds.  To  curb  the  use  of  the  resins,  consum- 
ers wert  required  to  apply  on  Form  WPB-2945  instead  of 
filing  purchase  orders  of  proposed  use.  Past  and  present 
as  well  as  proposed  uses  are  now  checked.  WPB  Chem- 
icals Bureau  announced  that  the  formaldehyde  shortage, 
as  well  as  manpower  troubles,  are  responsible  for  the  in- 
creasing scarcity  of  phenolic  resins.  Certain  types  of  phe- 
nols are  insufficient  for  critical  needs.  Military  needs  of 
phthalic  anhydride  also  have  expanded  beyond  availability. 
Dyestuffs  are  particularly  short.  WPB  also  issued  warn- 
ing of  the  dangerously  low  supply  of  phthalic  alkyd  resins. 
News  of  further  restrictive  orders  may  be  expected.  END 


118 


PLASTtCS 


MAY  1945 


I  tti  1 


ONE   UNIVERSAL   HIGH    QUALITY 


When  it  comes  to  clean-cutting,  close  tolerance 
drilling  and  tapping  —  so  vital  in  fabricating  and 
machining  plastics  —  you've  got  to  hand  it  to  Morse 
tools,  as  so  many  modern  shops  do.  Put  them  into 
your  production  picture  .  .  .  and  see  for  yourself. 

TWIST    DRILL    AND 
MACHINE  COMPANY 

NEW    BEDFORD,   MASS.,  U.  S.   A. 

NEW   YORK   STORE:    130   LAFAYETTE   ST CHICAGO   STORE:   570   WEST   RANDOLPH   ST. 

-^-^— — — — ^—  SAN     FRANCISCO     STORE:     1180     FOLSOM     ST.  __^_— _ 

MAY  1945  r  LAST  I CS  119 


PLANNING  to  use  molded  plastics  .  .  .  today  .  .  .  tomorrow? 
If  you  are  you'll  want  a  copy  of  this  new  booklet.  It's  brimful 
of  practical,  helpful  information  that  every  buyer  of  molded 
plastics  should  have.  It  gives  you  an  idea  of  what  plastics  are  good 
for  ...  and  what  their  limitations  are.  It  points  out  some  of  the 
more  important  "do's  and  don'ts"  in  designing  .  .  .  explains  mold- 
making,  molding,  finishing  .  .  .  gives,  in  chart  form,  the  character- 
istics of  the  more  popular  molding  materials.  And  it's  profusely 
illustrated  throughout  with  charts,  diagrams,  drawings,  and  photos. 

In  short,  it's  full  of  practical,  down-to-earth  facts  .  .  .  the  kind 
of  information  you'll  want  whenever  your  job  calls  for  plastics. 
And  since  it's  based  on  our  quarter  century  of  experience  in  the 
business,  we  believe  it's  a  book  you'll  want  to  have  .  .  .  and  keep. 

No  .  .  .  there's  no  charge.  Just  drop  us  a  line  on  your  company 
letterhead  and  your  copy  will  be  sent  pronto  .  .  .  with  our  compli- 
ments. Since  the  supply  is  limited,  we  suggest  you  write  today. 


CHICAGO 
MOLDED 

PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


1031  M.  Kolmor  Ave. 


Chicago  51,  Illinois 


COMPRESSION,        INJECTION,       AND        TRANSFER        MOLDING        Of       ALL        PLASTIC        MATERIALS 


120 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


gives  you 


ha  t 


Pla 


tear 


contributions 


No  manufacturing  executive  can  afford  to  relax  his  efforts  to 
keep  up  with  the  new  developments  exploiting  plastics'  possi- 
bilities. 

To  present  the  executive  with  a  concise  survey  of  this  expanding 
field,  PLASTICS  will  compile  each  month  first-hand  reports  from 
companies  initiating  important  developments  in  materials,  meth- 
ods, equipment  and  literature.  This  section  will  be  both  a  source 
of  vital  information  and  a  stimulus  to  research.  It  will  pay  to 
fully  investigate  each  item  of  interest. 


,  for 


each  item  on  the  following  pages  is  keyed  with  a  number.  To 
request  additional  information,  you  have  merely  to  list  the  key 
numbers  on  the  postpaid  card  below.  We  will  then  endeavor  to 
furnish  you  with  as  complete  data  as  possible  concerning  the 
product  or  publication. 

Be  sure  to  specify  in  the  proper  place  (1)  The  issue  in  which  the 
item  appeared;  (2)  The  key  number  at  the  end  of  each  item; 
(3)  Your  name,  company,  address,  including  postal  zone  and 
state,  and  your  title. 

The  card  below,  you  will  note,  may  also  be  used  to  obtain  more 
information  about  the  products  advertised  in  this  issue  of 
PLASTICS. 


ail  this 


lease  send  me  additional  information 
and  literature  on  items  listed  below  whidi  ap- 
peared in  the _._/ssne  of        M 'J [3 


Lift  by  Key  No*,  from  "What's  New 
in  Plattict"  or  "Literature  Review": 


Name 


Address 


ADVERTISED  PRODUCTS  (name  and  page) 


CHy 

Company 


Title 


Zone         State 


TO    TELL 
DOIN 


American  industry,  and  particularly  the  plastics 
ndustry,  has  found  that  cooperation  builds  for  the  benefit  of  all. 
One  of  the  most  amazing  and  gratifying  results  of  our  war  effort 
has  been  the  working  together  and  the  sharing  of  progressive 
information. 

You  can  expedite  war  production  by  watching  and  contributing 
to  the  new  methods,  new  equipment  and  new  information  ex- 
plained in  this  section  of  PLASTICS.  This  pooling  of  information 
can  work  only  to  the  mutual  advantage  of  all  who  participate. 
Therefore,  please  send  us  complete  descriptions  of  your  new 
methods  and  equipment,  and  include  glossy  prints  for  illus- 
tration, if  possible. 

REACH    THE    LEADERS    OF    INDUSTRY 
&Y    ANNOUNCING 


W 


YOUR  NEW  PRODUCTS 
YOUR  NEW  METHODS 
YOUR  NEW  CATALOGS 


plastics^ 


Keep 

Hi 

industry 
abreast 
of  your 
compani 
progress 


185  NORTH  WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO  1,  ILLINOIS 


FIRST  CLASS 
PERMIT  NO.  3463 
SEC.  310,  P.  L.  *  R. 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


BUSINESS     REPLY    CARD 

NO  POSTAGE  NECESSARY  IF  MAILED  IN  THE  U.S.A. 


2c  Postage  will  be  Paid  by 

plastics 

18«fNORTH     WABASH     AVENUE 

CHICAGO    1,  ILLINOIS 


What  the  other  fellow  is  doing 
is  reported  in  the  following 
pages.  To  get  further  details 
on  any  of  these  items  you  have 
only  to  fill  out  the  reverse  side 
of  the  attached  card. 


WHAT'S 


PLASTICS 


Automatic  Plastics  Forming  Machine 

Celanese   Plastics  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Fully  automatic,  high  speed  forming  press,  described  as  being 
capable  of  drawing  plastics  containers  at  enormous  savings  in 
labor  and  time  with  consequent  implications  for  the  postwar 
plastics  field.  The  high  production  capacity  and  low  operating 
costs  credited  to  this  machine  are  expected  by  its  makers  to 
give  new  impetus  to  plastics  packaging. 

In  war  production,  the  new  equipment  has  made  possible  the 
production  of  millions  of  plastics  ammunition  components  for 
all  kinds  of  projectiles,  notably  plastics  parts  of  the  M-69  in- 
cendiary bomb  which  has  been  used  with  such  telling  effective- 
ness against  Japan.  This  bomb  required  3  formed  plastics 
components  which  had  to  be  produced  in  tremendous  quantity 
and  at  a  dependable  rate  of  production,  the  bomb  being  abso- 
lutely inoperative  without  these  components.  Until  the  develop- 
ment of  the  automatic  forming  machines,  drawing  equipment 
which  was  used  for  containers  of  this  type  was  manually  or 
semi-manually  operated,  and  drawn  or  formed  parts  were  turned 
out  at  the  rate  of  about  3  to  20  pieces  per  minute,  depending 
upon  the  complexity  and  depth  of  the  draw  and  the  gage  of 
the  plastics.  With  the  new  machine,  it  is  said  that  from  65  to 
more  than  100  units  per  minute  are  being  produced,  depending 
upon  the  unit,  and  that  4  to  6  machines  can  easily  be  super- 
vised by  one  operator,  thereby  increasing  the  rate  of  produc- 
tion per  worker.  Although  production  has  been  confined  to 
forming  Celluloid  and  Lumarith  plastics  parts,  the  machines 
are  said  to  be  capable  of  performing  equally  well  on  all  thermo- 
plastic films. 

Equipment  is  to  be  produced  by  F.  L.  Smithe  Co.,  New  York, 
which  has  been  licensed  by  the  Celanese  Corp.  to  distribute 
these  machines  without  restriction,  as  soon  as  materials  for  their 
construction  become  available (242) 


View  of  Celanese  automatic  plastics  forming  machine  show- 
ing material  remaining  after  container  has  been  drawn 
and  cut  off,  being  wound  on  spool  at  left  for  later  reuse 


Large  Size  Plastics  Sheets 

Direct  Reproduction  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Especially  processed  from  vinyl  plastics  to  a  standard  size  of 
51^"  by  144",  these  sheets  have  been  developed  for  accurate 
drawings  and  close  tolerance  reproduction.  Available  in  several 
different  types,  special  sizes  and  surfaces  can  be  furnished  upon 
request. 

There  are  a  number  of  features  listed  for  this  process,  and  a 
representative  group  of  uses  include  those  in  such  fields  as 
map  drawings  and  reproduction;  aircraft;  automotive;  dies  and 


templates;  steel  cutting;  lithographic;  engineering  and  experi- 
mental, etc.  A  unique  system  of  template  or  flat  pattern  repro- 
duction on  a  direct  contact  base  has  been  developed  by  the 
Direct  Reproduction  Corp.  in  connection  with  these  sheets. 

Dark  rooms  and  large  developing  tanks  are  said  to  be  un- 
necessary with  this  process,  due  to  the  development  of  a  special 
emulsion  which  can  be  used  under  artificial  light.  Any  of  the 
sheets  can  be  coated  with  blueprint  solution,  sepia  emulsion,  or 
the  company's  special  dichromated  emulsion  which  is  obtainable 
in  any  desired  color.  Research  is  now  being  made  with  chloride, 
bromide,  and  reflex  silver  emulsion (243) 


Polarizing  Apparatus 

Precision  Scientific  Co. 
Chicago.  HI. 

Used  to  determine  the 
amount  of  strain  produced 
by  fabrication  or  mechan- 
ical manipulation  of  trans- 
parent, rigid  and  non- 
rigid  plastics  materials, 
also  for  the  identification 
of  transparent  plastics. 

This  new  Polarizer  con- 
sists of  a  source  of  illu- 
mination diffused  through 
opal  glass,  for  uniformity, 
with  two  Polaroid  sheets 
held  between  clear  glass, 
above  the  light  source ; 
the  upper  glass  section  is 
adjustable  through  a  dis- 
tance of  approximately 
8".  The  item  is  IS"  square  x  16"  high,  with  rubber-cushioned 
polaroids  and  glass  plate (244) 


Splined  Type  "Rivnut" 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

Suitable  for  use  in  plastics,  wood,  leather,  hard  rubber  or 
other  material  where  it  is  necessary  to  anchor  a  nut  firmly  for 
attaching  accessories,  this  item  is  an  addition  to  the  regular  line 
of  Rhmuts  which,  originally  developed  by  the  company  for  use 
in  the  aviation  industry,  are  now  being  adapted  for  use  in  other 
fields,  such  as  automotive,  refrigeration  and  electrical  equip- 
ment. 

In  the  new  type  Rivnut,  splines  beneath  the  countersunk  head 
supply  resistance  to  torque,  while  the  bulge  or  "upset"  which 
forms  below  the  end  of  the  splines  furnishes  the  tension  resist- 


To  simplify  for  our  readers  fka  talk  of  obtaining  de 
tailed  information  regarding  the  naw  products,  proc- 
atses  and  trade  literature  daiertbad  harain.  PLASTICS 
offers  the  prepaid  postcard  inserted  hare. 

In  rapidly-moving  times  such  as  these,  leaping  up 
with  every  latest  development  in  one's  field  is  a  "mutt." 
War's  insatiable  demand  for  swifter  production,  and 
the  competitive  drive  toward  lowar  manufacturing 
costs  require  that  all  avanuas  leading  to  a  solution  of 
these  problems  be  aiplorad  thoroughly. 

Each  item  in  this  section  Is  keyed  with  a  number, 
which  should  be  entered  on  the  postcard  to  facilitate 
identifying  the  aiact  product,  process  or  publication 
about  which  information  it  desired. 


MAY  1945 


PI.  AST  I  <  S 


121 


ance,  thus  locking  the  splincd  Rhmut  into  place,  two  ways.  In- 
ternal threads  left  intact  within  the  shank  take  an  attachment 
screw  for  installation  of  accessories. 

This  splined  Rivnut  is  being  made  in  3  regular  sizes;  6-32, 
8-32,  and  10-32,  in  aluminum  or  brass (245) 


Improved  Bonding  Resin 

Plastics  Div.,  American  Cyanimid  Co. 

New  York,  N.  Y.  . 

Craze-resistant     urea 
formaldehyde  resin  ad- 
hesive named  Urac-183, 
offering  improved  bond- 
ing for  intricate  wooden 
i    parts  where  the  applica- 
^|L  tion  of  high  pressure  to 
H          secure  a  uniformly  thin, 
durable    glue    line    has 
heretofore  proved  difficult. 

This  new  adhesive,  having  improved  features  for  low-pressure 
wood  assembly  work  in  various  industries,  is  said  to  reduce  con- 
siderably the  problem  of  crazing,  or  fine  cracking  of  the  glue, 
which  causes  deterioration  of  the  glue  lines.  Listing  of  fields 
for  application  includes  aircraft,  furniture,  automobile,  marine, 
woodworking  (including  lumber  lamination  for  wooden  struc- 
tures and  buildings),  sporting  goods,  musical  instruments. 

Other  advantages  claimed  for  Urac-183  are  greater  storage 
stability,  elimination  of  amylaceous  filler,  control  of  glue  line 
pH  to  values  acceptable  under  U.  S.  and  R.C.A.F.  specifications, 
low  cost,  and  provision 
of  hardener  system  for 
summer  temperature 
use.  With  this  product, 
in  low-pressure  bonding, 
it  is  said  that  glue  line 
thickness  up  to  .020" 
may  be  tolerated,  pro- 
viding particular  advan- 


tages  in  low-pressure  gluing  of  complex  shapes. 

Illustration  at  top  shows  cast  samples  of  cured  adhesives.  in- 
dicating crazing  and  distortion  of  glue  structure  due  to  break- 
down of  resin  structure  under  varying  moisture  conditions,  in 
all  but  sample  "C"  which  is  of  Urac-183.  Lower  illust  ation 
shows  typical  rub  joint,  oak  blocks  assembled  with  finger  pres- 
sure only,  and  indicates  high  percentage  of  wood  failure..  (246) 


Unusual  Plastics  Yarn 

Freydenberg  Bros. -Strauss,  Inc. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Potentialities  for  a  plastics  yarn  reported  as  a  recently-de- 
veloped product  of  this  company  indicate  an  unusual  scope. 

Named  Plexon,  this  yarn,  which  is  to  be  put  into  use  after 
the  war,  according  to  announcement,  promises  application  in 
fabrics  which  will  have  fire-resistance,  resistance  to  mild  acids, 
oil,  perspiration,  and  grease,  as  well  as  sturdiness  and  durability. 

Fire-repellent  draperies,  sheer  stockings  which  will  have  un- 
usual qualities  of  wear,  and  other  materials  of  every-day  use, 
are  mentioned  among  the  items  that  can  be  made  from  this  new 
yarn.  Its  composition  is  said  to  combine  fibres  such  as  cotton, 
rayon,  Fiberglas  and  plastics  solutions (247) 


Resin  for  Nitrocellulose  Lacquers 

Resinous  Products  &  Chemical  Co. 
Philadelphia  Pa. 

Designated  as  Paraplex  RG-8  "a  member  of  the  Paraplcx 
series  of  resins  which  have  been  used  extensively  in  nitrocellu- 
lose lacquers  because  of  their  excellent  plasticizing  quality,  per- 
manence and  compatibility,"  this  product  is  described  as  an 
unallocated,  long  type  alkyd  resin  designed  as  an  all-purpose 
grinding  medium  for  nitrocellulose  pastes  which  eliminates  sol- 
vent hazards  during  paste  grinding,  and  to  have  an  acid  number 
below  3.5. 

In  the  100%  form,  Paraplex  RG-8  has  a  viscosity  similar  to 
that  of  the  high-viscosity,  non-dyeing  oils  used  in  lacquers ;  low 


CURVES  —  ANGLES  —  PLANES 


Itave  a  4.<p.ecia,l  mea*U*t<f.  fo*  £.  S.  fj.  whett  it  co-meA.  to- 

EXPERT   PLASTIC   MOLDING 

It  takes  experience  to  know  just  what  is  possible  in  the  molding  line — 
sometimes  the  cost  of  making  molds  is  greater  than  a  certain  design  is 
worth.  It  may  be  better  to  change  the  design  a  trifle.  We  are  business  men 
as  well  as  molders,  and  we  believe  it  is  up  to  us  to  give  you  the  best  pos- 
sible piece  at  the  lowest  cost.  Consult  us  or  one  of  our  Sales  Representa- 
tives before  you  have  committed  yourself.  We'll  be  happy  to  advise  you. 

&JflCOBmOLDin<i&TOOLCO. 


TRADE    MAR* 


1200  SOUTHARD  STREET.  TRENTON  8,  N.  J. 

TELEPHONE  TRENTON  5391 


Sales  Representatives:  NEW  YORK— S.  C.  Ullman,  55  W.  42nd  St.  PHILADELPHIA— Towle  *  Son  Co., 

NEW  ENGLAND— Wm.  T.  Wyler,  204  Lordship  Road.  Stafford,  Conn. 


W.  Chelton  Ave.  Bldg. 


122 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


in  cost,  it  is  said  to  be  highly  compatible  with  nitrocellulose, 

ethyl  cellulose,  polyvinyl  butyral,  and  chlorinated  rubber,  but  not 

with  vinyl  resins,  and  to  possess  good  durability,  permanence. 

,   and  other  desirable  qualities (248) 


Adaptable  Sander 

Exaclone  Tool  &  Die  Co. 
Hollywood.  Calif. 

For  sanding,  debarring,  and 
finishing  plastics,  metals,  rub- 
lier  products,  wood,  and  many 
t\  PCS  of  special  materials,  this 
new,  brush-backed  sanding 
wheel,  to  l>e  known  as  Sand- 
0-Flex,  is  said  to  be  outstand- 
ing in  its  adaptability  to  jobs 
formerly  done  by  hand. 

A  central  magazine  houses 
the  strip  abrasive,  8  of  which 
-trips  extend  through  the  hous- 
ing and  are  held  against  the 
work  by  tough  bristles  which 
"cushion"  the  abrasive,  facili- 
tating its  action  in  and  around 
corners  and  on  convoluted  or 
irregular  surfaces,  etc.  Overall  diameter,  including  brushes,  is 
approximately  8" ;  a  wide  range  of  abrasives  of  various  grits  and 
trades  are  supplied  with  the  sander. 

Sand-O-Fles  fits  all  standard  '/i"  and  $i"  motor  shafts,  sta- 
tionary or  flexible,  or  can  be  supplied  to  fit  almost  any  shaft 
size  on  request ;  it  is  suggested  for  various  uses,  including  re- 
moving "flash"  from  protective  coatings :  in  pattern  making, 
home  workshops,  etc (249) 


Oil  Well  Sealing  Compound 

Wilmington  Chemical  Corp. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Known  as  Sym'ar  Oil  ll'cll  Sealiny  Compound,  a  resinous 
compound  developed  especially  for  sealing  oil  wells,  recently 
announced  by  Wilmington  Chemical  Corp.  in  collalxjration  with 
the  Synvar  Corp.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

It  is  described  as  providing  a  water-and-oil-resistant  seal  and 
forming  an  integral  and  uniform  structure  with  rock  formation 
and  pipe.  A  minimum  of  shrinkage  is  assured,  and  the  compound 
is  s.iid  to  be  usable  at  any  temperature.  It  is  supplied  in  separate 
components  which  are  combined  just  before  use,  with  the  pro- 
portions of  the  different  components  adjusted  to  suit  existing 
well  conditions (250) 


Colored  Plastics  Collets 

United  Precision  Products  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

Replacing  metal  collets  formerly  used  in  the  company's  Dtib- 
\ersil>1e  plug  gage,  green  plastics  collets  are  used  for  the 
ulug  and  red  plastics  for  the  "No  Go"  plug ;  both  are  con- 
tained in  the  handle  of  the  gage,  providing  instantaneous  visible 
in  formation  on  the  plug  to  be  used. 

The   plastics   collets   arc  described  as  having   a  number  of 

advantages  over  the  type  previously  used  for  this  purpose,  among 

them  being  listed  the   following:   Grip  the  plug  with  a   more 

secure  hold ;  cannot  be  twisted  out  by  vise  or  wrench ;  no  slip- 

if  plug;  easily  removable  by  means  of  a  drift;  use  elimi- 

scratching  or  marring  of  the  plug,  thereby  preserving  its 

icy  for  longer  time;  reduction  of  weight. 

Another  factor  cited  in  their  favor  is  that  they  are  dielectric, 

which  is  important  inasmuch  as  insulation  must  be  reckoned  with 

in  the  use  of  gages  in  many  places. 

An  entirely  new  handle  has  been  designed  for  Dublife  plug 

with   colored  collets,  designed  so   that  either  plug  can 

be  quickly  removed  without  disturbing  the  other (251) 


The  beauty  of  three-dimensional  effects 
through  injection  molding  is  exemplified 
by  the  automobile  dial  illustrated.  .  .  . 
This  is  our  FELSOGLO  procets,  available 
now  on  war  contracts,  and  also  partic- 
ularly suited  for  postwar  radios,  auto- 
mobiles, refrigerators,  ranges  and  similar 
applications.  .  .  Our  Design  and  Engi- 
neering Department  is  at  your  call. 


MAY    1945 


I •  I  A ST1CS 


123 


MILLING  ATTACHMENT  FOR  VERTICAL 
OR  HORIZONTAL  MILLING  MACHINES. 
BALL  BEARINGS  ON  ALL  SPINDLES. 


#7  B  &•  S;  #2  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


FOR  GLASS,  PORCELAIN,  DIE  CAST  OR 
PLASTIC  MOLDS,  METAL  PATTERNS, 
FORGING  DIES,  MODEL  MAKERS,  FORMING 
DIES,  AUTOMOBILE  AND  SHEET  METAL 
DIES,  OR  ANY  CAVITY  MOLDS. 


#7  B  6-  S;  #2  M.  T.  S. 
OR  AS  SPECIFIED. 


ADAPTER  TO  FIT  MACHINE. 

CLAMPS  ON  MACHINE  AND  ADAPTER. 

SOLID  AS  A  ROCK. 


A  number  of  mold  makers,  both  plastic  and 
die  casting,  have  requested  us  to  make  a  90° 
head  to  go  on  their  milling  machines,  for  those 
jobs  they  could  not  do  with  their  present  ver- 
tical and  horizontal  machines,  in  milling  hard- 
to-get-at  cavities  in  molding  dies. 

Well,  we  have  met  that  request,  and  your  mill- 
ing machine  heads  are  ready  to  go  to  work. 
The  orders  that  mold  makers  are  sending  us, 
by  wire,  by  phone,  by  mail— and  the  satisfied 
letters  that  come  back,  are  proof— You  need 
it  too.  Deliveries-Two  Weeks. 


INVINCIBLE  TOOL  CO. 

620O  EMPIRE  BL  PITTSBURGH  22,  PA 

MaJusfri  o/  $o&  letted,  and  f)o&  PIOVCM.  ^ooli 


Unusual  Flame-Resistant  Plastics 

Celanese  Plastics  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

A  combination  of  properties  not  hitherto  found  in  one  plastics 
is  claimed  for  the  recently-announced  series  of  flame-resistant 
Lumarith  CA  plastics  molding  material. 

Developed  originally  for  cable  grommets  for  ship  hold  com- 
partments, these  materials  are  said  to  possess  high  resistance  to 
combined  heat  and  humidity;  toughness;  colorability  and  mold- 
ability  by  the  injection  process ;  odorless ;  do  not  tend  to  promote 
corrosion;  higher  (by  about  33J/$%)  resistance  to  cold  flow. 

It  is  stated  that  the  new  materials  not  only  meet  the  specifica- 
tions of  flame  resistance,  but  that  in  abrasion  tests  it  was  found 
that  their  use  had  added  life  to  electrical  cables  which  wore  away 
when  other  grommets  were  used. 

Although,  like  all  of  the  Celanese  plastics,  the  application  of 
this  new  series  is  at  present  directed  exclusively  to  war  work, 
the  company  feels  that  postwar  applications  for  Lumarith  CA 
will  be  many,  particularly  in  the  electrical  industry (252) 


Portable  Pyrometer 

K.  H.  Huppert  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

Weighing  only  IJ^-lbs,  this  lance  and  prod-type  pyrometer  is 
said  to  offer  revolutionary  design  features,  and  is  particularly 
adaptable  to  reading  the  temperature  of  various  molten  ma- 
terials, hot  air  or  liquids,  and  for  hot  surfaces,  if  used  with 
prod-type  thermocouple. 

The  body  design  of  this  instrument  elevates  the  scale  to  an 
angle  which  provides  maximum  reading  ease  in  all  working 
positions,  and  minimizes  side  reflections  on  the  scale  glass. 
Danger  of  the  glass  breaking  is  also  reduced  by  means  of  the 
unusual  shape  of  the  device. 

Instrument  movement  provides  accuracy  of  reading  to  2% 
of  scale  range;  duo  scale  is  standard  with  readings  of  0  to 
500"  F  and  0°  to  1000°  F,  —0*  to  750"  F  and  0"  to  1500°  F,— 
or,  0°  to  1000°  F  and  0  to  2000°  F,  or  equivalent  °C.  Other 
scales  are  available (253) 


Twin-Fluted  Countersinks 

Grobet  File  Co.  of  America 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Recent  addition  to  the  line  of  chatterless  countersinks  made  by 
this  company. 

Formed  of  high-speed  steel,  ground  after  hardening,  these 
twin-fluted  countersinks  are  described  as  fulfilling  the  com- 
pany's exacting  standards  for  precision  tools,  ground  to  close 
tolerances,  and  being  fast-cutting.  They  are  recommended  by 
their  makers  for  cutting  plastics,  plywood,  aluminum,  mag- 
nesium, steel,  etc.,  and  are  said  to  provide  a  very  smooth,  micro- 
inch  finish.  There  are  8  twin-fluted  countersinks  to  a  set,  giv- 
ing a  full  range  of  6  sixes  with  duplicates  in  2  sizes.  Each  is 
guaranteed  against  chattermarks (254) 


Handy  Pipe  Joint  Compound 

Lake  Chemical  Co. 
Chicago,  HI. 

Pipe  joint  compound  prepared  in  stick  form  for  convenience, 
ease  of  use  and  handling,  known  as  Pipetite-Stik,  intended  for 
use  on  all  types  of  metal  and  plastics  threads.  Said  to  assure 
tight,  leak-proof  jointures,  by  means  of  3  or  4  strokes  across 
pipe  threads. 

Among  its  features  are  listed  the  following:  Unaffected  by 
air,  water,  steam,  acid,  gas,  brine,  etc. ;  lubricates  and  completely 
seals  pipe  joint  threads,  nuts,  bolts,  gaskets,  turn-buckles;  with- 
stands vibration,  temperature  changes,  pressure  or  deflation. 
Quickly  applied,  Pipetite-Stik  is  encased  in  a  cardboard  holder, 
for  great  convenience (255) 


124 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


iterature  R 


eview 


Revised  Manual  on  Assembly  Gluing 

Society  of  the  Plastics  Industry 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Prepared  by  the  Resin  Adhesive  Sub-Committee  of  SPI, 
this  manual  (General  Information  No.  3)  is  a  revised  and  up- 
to-date  version  of  the  first  issue,  published  in  1942,  on  the  use 
of  resins  in  gluing  together  parts  and  sub-assemblies.  Designed 
to  keep  readers  abreast  of  latest  developments  in  this  work, 
and  to  provide  information  helpful  in  obtaining  maximum  quality 
results  and  general  serviceability  of  structures  as  applied  to 
such  developments,  the  manual  contains  sections  on  types  of 
resin  adhesives  for  assembly  gluing ;  function  of  the  glue ;  gluing 
technique ;  pressure ;  heating  methods ;  aging ;  a  representative 
list  of  suppliers,  and  a  glossary  of  trade  names  used  in  the  in- 
dustry. 

The  manual  is  priced  at  $1  for  single  copy,  with  reduction  for 
quantity  orders (256) 


Plastics  Molding  Story 

Chicago  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Chicago.  111. 

Competently  written  and  well-illustrated  booklet  titled  "The 
Story  of  Plastic  Molding,"  compactly  arranged  in  condensed 
form,  and  embodying  an  adequate  amount  of  specific  information 
on  the  subject  of  molded  plastics.  Divisions  of  the  booklet  cover 
such  subjects  as  "Molded  Plastics— When  To  Use  Them,"  "The 
Custom  Molder,"  "Choosing  the  Right  Plastic  Material,"  and 
continues  through  with  details  of  the  molding  process,  explain- 
ing how  molds  are  made;  how  mold  capacity  affects  production 
costs;  data  on  designing  for  plastics  molding,  with  information 
on  the  use  of  inserts. 

A  convenient  and  easily-read,  2-page  chart  presents  the  com- 
parative physical  properties  of  leading  plastic  molding  materials. 
Photographs  and  sketches  are  used  throughout.  The  booklet  is 
in  2  colors,  and  consists  of  12  pages  and  cover (257) 


Thickness  Gages  Described 

General  Electric  Co. 
Schenectady.  N.  Y. 

Three  types  of  the  company's  "thickness  gage,"  designated  as 
A,  B,  and  C,  respectively,  for  measuring  the  thickness  of  non- 
magnetic material  on  magnetic  iron  or  steel,  are  described  in 
this  recently-issued  bulletin  No.  GEA-4363. 

Each  type  of  gage  is  pictured,  and  description  in  detail  of  each, 
with  concise  information  as  to  its  adjustment,  operation,  and 
uses,  clearly  set  forth.  The  bulletin  also  contains  helpful  infor- 
mation in  the  form  of  a  summary  of  application  data,  table  of 
specifications,  etc (258) 


"Rosan"  Locking  System 

Bordwell  £  McAlister,  Inc. 
Hollywood.  Calif. 

Recently  released,  this  bulletin  tells  the  story  of  the  Rosdn 
Locking  System  for  Rosdn  threaded  inserts  in  plastics,  metals 
or  wood. 

Detailed  sketches  and  diagrams,  clearly  explained,  and  pho- 
tographs showing  a  typical  installation,  as  well  as  condensed  in- 
structions for  installation,  are  included  in  the  bulletin,  and  func- 
tions and  attributes  of  the  system  and  products  described. .  (259) 


Centrifugal  Pumps 

Allis-Chalmets  Mig.  Co. 
Milwaukee.  Wis. 

Description  and  illustration  of  this  company's  single  suction 
pedestal  type  centrifugal  pumps  (SS-B)  are  contained  in  this 
recently-issued  bulletin  No.  B6351. 

Cross-section  drawings  of  this  line  of  pedestal  type  pumps, 
and  standard  specifications,  which  are  based  on  the  standard  con- 


MAY  1945 


125 


The  3  Steps  in 
"PLASTICREATION" 

To  conceive  the  original  idea  itself  for 
a  new  product  or  modern  application 
of  an  old  one  ...  to  design  it  in  artistic 
and  distinctive  form  and  fashion  of 
compelling  beauty  ...  to  fabricate  it 
from  suitable  plastics  with  a  skilled 
craftsmanship,  a  sense  of  enduring  fit- 
ness for  its  purpose  and  a  choice  of 
materials  that  will  best  meet  particular 
requirements — 

These  are  the  3  progressive  steps  in  the 
complete  service  we  term  "Plasticrea- 
tion." 

It  is  the  ability  to  create  and  develop 
original  new  conceptions  that  has  given 
the    House    of    Plastics    its    un- 
usual prestige  in  the  fabricated 
plastics  field.    "Plasticreation"  is 
the  answer  if  you  are  interested 
in    the    modern    possibilities    of 
plastics  as  applied  to  any  special 
production  problem. 


735  CARNEGIE   AVE.  •   CLEVELAND  15,  OHIO 


struction  "cast  iron  bronze  fitted"  pumps,  are  included  in  the 
bulletin,  with  illustration  and  tabulation  of  dimensions.  Photo- 
graphic illustration  of  the  various  pumps,  and  concise  data  con- 
cerning their  merits,  are  also  contained  in  the  bulletin. . . .  (260) 


Insulation  Heating  &  Melting 

Ajax  Electrothermic  Corp. 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

Well-detailed  booklet  indicating  and  describing  a  number  of 
practical  uses  for  high-frequency  heat  in  industry. 

Divided  into  4  sections,  the  first  of  which  is  devoted  to  a  his- 
tory and  description  of  induction  heating,  this  booklet  presents 
concisely-written  information  on  the  subject,  outlining  various 
applications. 

Photographic  illustrations,  supplemented  by  sketches  and  dia- 
grams, are  well  distributed  through  its  24  pages.  Essential  data 
pertaining  to  the  subject  matter  of  each  of  the  sections  of  the 
booklet  is  embodied  in  compact  form  for  quick  and  easy 
assimilation,  and  descriptive  captions  accompany  the  photo- 
graphs  (261 ) 


"Plexiglas"  Booklet 

Rohm  &  Haas  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Descriptive  literature  on  Plexiglas  sheets,  rods,  and  molding 
powders,  listing  outstanding  advantages  and  briefly  noting  cer- 
tain applications  of  this  plastics  in  aircraft,  war  uses,  industrial 
and  scientific  fields,  home  and  building,  advertising  displays,  and 
personal  accessories (262) 


Steam  Generator  Catalog 

Clayton  Mfg.  Co. 
Alhambra,  Calii. 

The  complete  line  of  Clayton  expansion  type  steam  generators, 
from  15  to  100  hp,  is  described  in  a  catalog  just  issued  by  the 


company.  Fuel  consumption  for  oil  and  gas-fired  types  is 
shown  in  tabulated  form. 

Illustrated  by  photographs  and  diagrams,  this  booklet  lists 
the  outstanding  features  of  the  company's  line  of  generators, 
providing  details  on  their  construction  and  performance,  etc., 
and  enumerating  design  features  and  specifications,  applicable 
to  all  of  the  models. 

Diagram  showing  method  of  water  flow  and  steam  circuit  of 
one  of  these  generators  in  plant  operation  is  shown,  with  ex- 
planatory data  provided (263) 


Electrical  Insulating  Varnish 

Dow  Coming  Corp. 
Midland,  Mich. 

Descriptive  booklet  entitled  "DC  Varnishes,"  presenting  the 
properties  of  the  company's  DC  993  varnish  and  outlining  the 
recommended  procedures  in  applying  this  Dow  Corning  Silicone 
product  to  the  insulation  of  electrical  equipment.  Describing 
these  varnishes  and  resins  as  natural  complements  to  inorganic 
insulating  materials,  because  of  their  inorganic  skeleton,  the 
booklet  lists  qualities  and  uses  of  DC  993  and  outlines  speci- 
fications including  testing,  physical  properties,  electrical  proper- 
ties, shipping,  and  availability (264) 


Electric  Timer  Bulletin 

C.  H.  Stoelting  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

Recently  released,  4-page,  electric  timer  bulletin  (No.  1100) 
describing  the  company's  line  of  table  model  and  wall  model 
stop  clocks,  precision  chronoscopes,  combination  timers  and  im- 
pulse counters,  stop  watch  controllers,  and  spring  wound  X-ray 
timers. 

Wide  application  is  listed  for  these  timers  in  industrial  and 
laboratory  testing,  such  as  in  measuring  start-to-stop  intervals 
of  relays  and  instruments,  and  for  checking  sequence  operations. 


-.--•••-  ,\  ,.,,-v  *  •;••-;-  --:^.if^<L7i 

v'    ''-' 


•  -  . 

'  •  ,--.'•:'.'  tt.Jj?-&ri'&£y.&,'f?'z:fi.{s/-iti'. 

BOUGHT—  SOLD 
or  RECLAIMED  for  You1. 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
facilities  for  reworking  your  scrap. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE —  CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 

A   Dependable   Source   of  Supply   for  re-worked   Cellulose  Acetate 
and  Cellulose  Butyrate  molding  powders 

6ERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENILWORTH,  N.  I. 
126  PLASTtCS 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 

MAY  1945 


Circuit  diagrams  are  included  in  the  bulletin,  showing  correct 
methods  of  connecting  the  various  times  in  test  circuits. . . .  (265) 


Handbook  on  Fabricating  Methods 

Celanese  Plenties  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Designed  to  answer  many  of  the  most  frequently-asked  ques- 
tions concerning  the  fabricating  of  plastics  materials,  this  book, 
entitled  "Fabricating  Methods  for  Lumarith,  Celluloid,  and  Simi- 
lar Thermoplastic  Materials,"  has  been  prepared  and  published 
by  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.,  a  division  of  Celanese  Corp.  of 
America. 

Written  in  simple  and  direct  language,  comprehensively  dia- 
grammed and  illustrated,  this  manual  contains  complete  in- 
formation on  the  fabricating  of  thermoplastics,  including  pri- 
mary and  secondary  cutting  procedures ;  fabricating  of  film,  foil 
and  sheet  stock ;  and  various  molding  processes  and  methods 
for  finishing  all  types  of  articles  made  from  these  materials. 

The  benefit  of  75  years  of  research  and  scientific  study  has 
been  condensed  into  easily  rcad-and-assimilated  information  in 
this  136-page  handbook  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the  industry 
in  training  returning  servicemen  and  other  newcomers  to  the 
rapidly  expanding  plastics  field. 

It  is  planned  to  reprint  the  manual  from  time  to  time,  in  order 
to  incorporate  corrections  or  revisions  resulting  from  develop- 
ments in  fabricating  techniques. 

The  publishers  advise  that  because  of  paper  limitations,  it  is 
necessary  at  this  time  to  limit  distribution  to  one  complimentary 
copy  to  each  executive  requesting  it  on  company  letterheads. 
Individuals,  including  students,  may  purchase  additional  copies 
at  $1  each (266) 


For  Improved  Belt  Grinding 

Divine  Bros.  Co. 
Utica.  N.  Y. 

Bulletin  giving  descriptive  details  and  photographic  illustra- 
tion of  the  company's  DBY  Bookstand,  presented  as  a  basic  part 
of  the  Divine  abrasive  belt  system. 

Uses  and  advantages  of  the  product  are  briefly  and  separately 
paragraphed  in  the  bulletin,  which  also  depicts  and  describes 
I'M-UBX  lathes  and  VCS-DBX  abrasives  belt  polishing  lathe, 
for  use  with  DBY  Hackstands,  Specifications  are  tabulated, 
and  explanatory  legend  is  incorporated  in  each  photograph.  (267) 


New  Type  Molding  Powders 

Plastics  Dept..  E.  I.  duPont  deNemours  &  Co. 
Arlington.  N.  J. 

This  recently  issued  8-page  pamphlet  provides  a  digest  of 
plastics  manufactured  by  the  du  Pont  Plastics  Dept. — their 
forms,  applications  and  properties. 

It  includes  information  on  FM1,  a  new  injection  molding  com- 
position of  nylon ;  HM-122,  raw  Lucite  molding  powder ;  Poly- 
thene, Bulacilc,  Pyralin.  Plastacele,  etc.  Various  uses  of  the 
plastics  are  listed  and  supplemented  by  photographic  illustra- 
tions  (268) 


"Allymer"  Bulletins 

Columbia  Chem.   Div.,  Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Co. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

Recently-published  bulletins  including  Allymer  Research  Re- 
ports Nos.  44-10,  and  44-11,  setting  forth  properties  of  Allvmtr 
castings  CR39  and  CR149,  respectively;  Report  No.  44-13,  titled 
"Copolymers  of  Allymer  CR39;"  and  Report  44-15,  dealing  with 
electrical  properties  of  castings  laminates  of  Allymers  CR39 
and  CR149 (269) 


Chemical  Creations  of  "Hercules" 

Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

Number  14  of  a  regular  series,  this  26-page  booklet,  attrac- 
tively bound,  titled  "Hercules  Chemist,"  holds  valuable  infor- 
mation on  various  chemical  developments  and  creations  by  the 
company's  chemists.  "Nitrocellulose  Lacquers  with  High 
Solids,"  "Hercules  Clorafins,"  "Hercules  Pine  Oils,"  "Glycol 
Ester  Resins,"  are  discussed  in  detail,  and  illustration,  tables 
and  diagrams  are  included  in  each  chapter.  "Recent  Develop- 


TO    FINISHED    PRODUCT 

....  WE  TAKE  ALL  OF  THE 
RESPONSIBILITY  for  meeting  your 
molding  requirements.  When  you  call 
in  a  Minneapolis  Plastic  Molders  repre- 
sentative for  consultation  about  your 
plans,  you  deal  with  an  expert  prepared 
to  follow  through  to  the  finish.  Respon- 
sibility for  handling  all  phases  of  the 
work  is  centered  at  one  single  source. 

Our  facilities  bring  you  the  benefit  of 
the  knowledge  of  specialists,  each  expe- 
rienced in  his  own  line,  for  industrial  de- 
sign, mold  and  die-making,  compression 
and  transfer  molding.  Our  reputation  for 
dependability  has  been  tested  and  proved 
— first  by  industry;  in  recent  years  by  the 
rigid  specifications  of  the  armed  forces. 

Write  us  for  recommendations  about 
how  your  molding  problems  can  best  be 
met  —  for  suggestions  about  new  uses  for 
plastics  in  your  business.  No  obligation. 


MINNEAPOLIS  PLASTIC 

MOLDERS,  INC. 

2302   East   31st   Street  -  Minneapolis   6.  Minn. 


MAY  1945 


I'  I.  AST  I  <'  S 


127 


FLEXIBILITY... 

in  meeting  your  problem 

Does  a  special  part  for  the  product 
you  make  present  a  problem  in  de- 
sign —  in  materials  —  in  costs?  Call 
on  our  consultant  service  for  help  — 
no  obligation  to  you.  Our  engineer- 
ing experience  and  our  modern  ma- 
chines are  both  geared  to  flexibility 
in  the  manufacture  of  cold-forged 
specialties.  In  most  cases,  moreover, 
at  a  saving  in  costs  to  you. 


This  Decimal  Equiva- 
lents wall  chart  is  accu- 
rate to  four  places  and 
signalled  in  three  col- 
on. Yours  at  no  cost  or 
obligation.  Just  send  us 
your  name,  title  and 
address. 


See  our  Catalog  in  Sweet's  File 
for  Product  Designers 


JOHN  HASSALL,  INC. 

Specialists  in  Cold-Forging  Since  1850 

160  Clay  Street,  Brooklyn  22,  N.  Y. 


SPECIAL  NAILS  RIITO  SCR(« 


Hossall 


ments  from  Hercules,"  covers  the  company's  newest  develop- 
ments, cited  in  paragraph  form (270) 

X-Ray  Diffraction  Apparatus 

North  American  Philips  Co.,  Inc 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

A  12-page  booklet  describing  X-Ray  diffraction  techniques 
and  applications,  includes  diagrams,  typical  diffraction  films, 
and  several  tabulations  in  order  to  show  how  Norelco  X-Ray 
Diffraction  equipment  is  used  for  identification,  research  and 
production.  Among  the  specific  problems  cataloged  in  the  book- 
let, for  handling  by  these  methods,  are  problems  in  the  fields 
>f  plastics,  such  as  cellulose,  plastics  film,  resins,  etc.  Outstand- 
ing features  of  this  Norelco  equipment  are  explained  in  the 
booklet,  with  various  industrial  applications  listed (271) 

Adjustable  Cutting  Tools 

Robert  H.  Clark  Co. 
Beverly  Hills.  Calif. 

Catalog  No.  44,  containing  description  and  photographic  il- 
lustration of  this  company's  line  of  adjustable  cutters. 

The  products  include  tool  holders,  counterbore  and  spot  facer, 
hole  cutters,  thread  tool  grinding  fixtures,  fly  cutters,  lever-lock 
boring  bars,  etc.,  and  the  catalog  presents  data  on  specific  uses 
of  each. 

Photographs  and  sketches  are  used  to  good  advantage  in  show- 
ing these  tools  in  typical  mechanical  operations  for  which  they 
are  respectively  designed. 

The  catalog  handles  description  and  data  pertaining  to  each 
tool,  separately,  and  provides  a  table  of  specifications  covering 
each  of  the  items (272) 


The  A  B  C  of  Electronic  Heating 

Scientific  Electric 
Gorfield,  N.  J. 

A  16-page  booklet,  prepared  for  both  engineers  and  manufac- 
turers, on  the  subject  of  electronic  heating,  and  bearing  the 
above-captioned  title. 

The  essential  facts  of  electronic  heating  are  discussed  in  this 
booklet  in  clear  and  uncomplicated  terminology.  It  contains  a 
brief  record  of  the  historical  background  and  development  of 
electronic  heating,  explaining  the  principle  of  its  operation  and 
describing  the  2  basic  methods  of  its  application. 

A  number  of  present-day  uses  are  listed,  and  many  typical  ap- 
plications are  depicted,  as  well  as  described. 

The  booklet  is  well  illustrated  and  contains  a  table  of  specifi- 
cations of  standard  generators (273) 


Heat  Treating  Hobbed  Cavities 

Midland  Die  &  Engraving  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

Just  published,  this  booklet,  titled  "How  to  Heat  Treat 
Hobbed  Cavities  by  Midland,"  explains  the  procedure  developed 
and  recommended  by  the  company's  metallurgists,  as  an  aid  to 
providing  assurance  of  economical  and  sustained  production  of 
precision  parts,  to  users  of  these  cavities (274) 


"Cheraaco"  Bulletins 

Chemaco  Corp. 
Berkeley  Heights,  N.  J. 

Specification  data  on  the  company's  polystyrene  molding  mate- 
rial is  contained  in  a  bulletin  which  briefly  describes  the  material, 
its  origin,  and  its  characteristics.  Special  properties  are  listed, 
and  suggested  applications  and  typical  uses  are  indicated.  The 
final  page  of  this  bulletin  presents  a  comprehensive  listing  of  the 
general  properties  of  Chemaco  polystyrene,  including  mechanical, 
thermal,  chemical,  and  electrical  properties,  as  well  as  physical 
characteristics  and  working  qualities. 

Bulletin  7-B  deals  with  Chemaco  W ,  a  cellulose  acetate  mold- 
ing compound  described  as  non-warping  and  heat-resistant,  odor- 
less, tasteless,  with  low  water  absorption  quality,  and  possessing 
compatibility  with  other  cellulose  acetate  material. 

A  number  of  suggested  uses  for  this  material  are  listed  in  the 
bulletin,  and  its  properties  are  indicated. 

Leaflets  containing  price  schedule  and  brief  descriptive  data 
on  these  and  other  of  the  company's  products  are  also  available, 
each  being  printed  in  a  different  color,  providing  ease  of  identifi- 
cation for  each  leaflet (275) 


128 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


At  the  annual  meeting  of  stockholders  of  The  Formica  In- 
sulation Co.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  late  in  March,  D.  J.  O'Conor,  com- 
pany president,  announced  that  with  its  current  production 
continuing  to  go  into  vital  war  applications,  contracts  and  orders 
received  by  the  company  during  the  preceding  month  had  been 
the  largest  in  2Yt  yrs. 

In  a  statement  based  on  inquiries  already  received  by  the 
company,  Mr.  O'Conor  said  that  there  is  "every  indication 
that  demands  for  laminated  materials"  such  as  are  made  by  The 
Formica  Co.  will  be  "greater  in  postwar  than  in  the  prewar  era." 
He  added  that  research  and  engineering  developments  completed 
during  the  war  would  provide  new  postwar  applications,  partic- 
ularly in  the  decorative  and  transportation  fields,  and  mentioned, 
among  continuing  or  expanded  applications  of  laminated  plastics, 
postwar  use  in  mechanical  parts  or  ignition  devices  for  auto- 
motive equipment;  in  body  interiors  of  motor  cars,  buses,  and 
railroad  cars.  The  building  and  furniture  industries,  new  home 
construction  and  improvements,  he  pointed  out,  would  provide 
fields  for  many  applications. 

Mr.  O'Conor  also  said  that  the  engineering  department  of  The 
Formica  Co.,  while  busy  on  war  production,  has  been  able  to 
develop  a  number  of  new  grades  of  chemically-resistant,  lami- 
nated plastics  which  he  said  would  have  special  interest  for  the 
rayon  and  chemical  industries. 


of  Worcester  Moulded  Plastics  Co.,  Worcester,  Mass.,  for  sus- 
tained efficiency  in  production  for  the  war  effort.  The  announce- 
ment states  that  this  is  the  first  molding  plant  in  this  country  to 
be  so  honored. 

It  is  further  announced  that  after  April  5  the  company  will 
occupy  new  and  larger  space  at  14  Hygeia  St. 

Shrinkage  control  in  the  laundering  of  woolen  garments 
is  the  principal  advantage  of  several  claimed  for  Lanaset,  a  mela- 
mine  resin  produced  by  American  Cyanamid  C«.  It  is  said  that 
materials,  after  being  treated  with  this  product,  achieve  im- 
proved tailoring  and  draping  qualities,  and  that  it  stabilizes 


A  fourth  Army-Navy  "E"  award,  in  the  form  of  a  third 
white  star  for  their  "E"  pennant,  has  been  won  by  the  employees 


You're  Off  To  A  Good  Start  With 


When  It  Comes  To 

THE   BEST   IN    PLASTIC   MOLDING 

Don't  make  a  mistake — the  way  you  finish  a  job  of  Plastic  Molding 
depends  on  the  start  you  get — the  way  your  piece  is  designed — the 
way  the  dies  are  made — the  material  you  select — and  finally  the  way 
the  molding  is  done.  It  will  pay  you  to  use  an  organization  such  as  this 
with  sufficient  experience  and  equipment  to  handle  or  supervise  every 
step  of  production.  Now  entirely  devoted  to  the  war  effort,  but  always 
glad  to  discuss  future  plans. 

ARTINDELL  MOLDING  co. 

OLDEN  and  6th  Street  •  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


MAY  1945 


PLASTtCS 


129 


wool  and  wool  blends  without  affecting  the  absorbency  normally 
characteristic  of  the  materials,  reduces  "matting"  of  the  wool 
upon  laundering,  and  prevents  fuzzing. 

Lanasct  finish  for  wool  fabrics  has  been  found  to  be  of  particu- 
lar value  in  the  processing  of  dress  materials,  blends  of  wool 
and  rayon  for  sportswear,  tropical  worsteds  for  men's  suits, 
sweaters,  children's  wear,  blankets,  sox,  etc. 

Shown  in  the  accompanying  photograph  are  two  sweaters 
which  were  the  same  size  before  laundering.  The  sweater  at  left 
of  the  illustration,  treated  with  Lanaset,  contrasts  sharply  with 
the  untreated  garment  at  right.  Both  were  given  the  same  test 
laundering. 


Establishment  of  B.  F.  Goodrich  Chemical  Co.,  a  divi- 
sion of  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.,  has  been  announced.  William 
S.  Richardson,  who  has  been  associated  with  B.  F.  Goodrich 
since  1926,  is  president  of  the  new  Chemical  Co.,  which  is  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  the  Goodrich  line  of  Gcon 
vinyl  resins,  chemicals,  and  rubber  materials. 

Offices  and  laboratories  are  located  in  Cleveland,  and  manu- 
facturing plants  in  Kentucky,  New  York,  and  Ohio. 


The  use  of  plastics  for  coating  and  impregnating  textiles  for 
special  military  demands  has  now  been  developed  to  a  point 
where  it  is  expected  to  broaden  the  utility  of  woven  cotton  goods, 
according  to  an  announcement  by  E.  I.  duPont  de  Nemours  & 
Co.  The  materials,  known  as  Fabrilite  plastic -coated  fabrics, 
made  with  synthetic  resin  compositions,  may  be  heat-sealed  or 
readily  cemented,  it  is  said,  and  can  be  given  "high"  or  translu- 
cent colors.  Designs  can  be  embossed  on  the  surface. 

Flexible,  light-weight,  and  unusually  tough,  the  materials  are 
described  as  being  washable,  having  good  draping  properties,  and 
possessing  also  such  advantages  as  ease  of  cutting  and  stitching, 
resistance  to  perspiration,  stains,  moths,  food  chemicals,  as  well 


as  resistance  to  abrasion,  cracking,  stretching  or  shrinking.  They 
are  said  to  afford  high  protection  against  water,  cold,  wind  and 
dust. 


Plans  for  the  leasing  of  a  building  in  Scranton,  Pa.,  for  the 
manufacture  of  plastics  products  used  in  the  Navy  construction 
program  were  recently  announced  by  the  Plastics  Division  of 
General  Electric  Co.,  Pittsfield,  Mass.  It  is  expected  that  the 
new  plant,  containing  25,000  sq  ft  of  floor  space,  will  be  in 
production  this  summer. 


The  Wilmington  Chemical  Corp.,  10  E.  40  St.,  New  York, 
has  announced  that  it  is  now  prepared  to  offer,  in  collabora- 
tion with  the  Synvar  Corp.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  a  complete  line 
of  urea  formaldehyde  and  phenol  formaldehyde  resins.  Present 
products  include  standard  resins  in  liquid  and  powder  form  for 
a  wide  range  of  applications,  as  well  as  specially-developed  prod- 
ucts for  specific  end  users.  Thermoplastic  type  resins  will  also 
lie  available  in  the  near  future,  it  is  announced. 


The  establishment  of  Hercules  Powder  Co.'s  Cellulose 
Products  Department  Chicago  office  as  a  branch  office  was  re- 
cently announced  by  J.  B.  Wiesel,  d. rector  of  sales  and  de- 
velopment for  the  Cellulose  Products  Department.  The  branch 
office  will  be  under  the  management  of  Fred  J.  Shankvveiler, 
formerly  of  the  department's  N.  Y.  office. 


ERRATA 

Transposition  of  captions  on  page  88  of  PLASTICS'  March 
issue  ("Color  by  Dip-Dye")  resulted  in  credit  being  given  to 
Great  American  Color  Co.  for  dyes  developed  by  Krieger  Color 
&  Chemical  Co.,  Hollywood,  Calif.  All  colored  parts  illustrated 
with  the  article  were  dyed  with  Kriegr-O-Dip  dyes. 


versatile,  flexible 


This  low-cost  16"  DURO  Band  Saw  has  a  wide 
range  of  uses  —  and   many  special  features 

Ideal  for  quick-changing  times — here  is  an  efficient  machine  for  cutting 
tubing,  extruded  shapes,  bar  stocks,  metal  sheets,  casting  gates,  plastics, 
brake  linings,  hard  rubber,  slate,  fibre  and  many  other  materials.  Can  be 
adjusted  to  obtain  standard  wood  cutting  speeds  by  a  slip  of  a  lever. 
Some  of  its  special  features  include:  Heavy  machined  cast  iron  trunnion; 
special  roller  blade  guides  which  reduce  blade  crystallization  and  lesson 
blade  breakage;  new  design  which  permits  all  adjustments  to  be  made 
from  front  while  saw  is  in  operation;  New  Departure  Ball  Bearings;  Upper 
wheel  mounted  in  machined  dove-tailed  ways  with  adjustable  steel  gibs; 
many  other  advantages.  Metal  cutting  speeds:  230  and  596  R.P.M.  Wood, 
cutting  speeds:  2300  and  5960  R.P.M. 

Send  for  Catalog — of  low-cost  Metal  Cutting  Band  Saws,  single  and  multi- 
spindle  Drill  Presses,  Circular  Saws,  Jointers,  Routers,  Shapers,  Grinders, 
Lathes,  Scroll  Saws. 

Available  on  Priorities  Only 


DURO 


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DURO    METAL    PRODUCTS    CO..    2671    N.    KILDARE    AVE..    CHICAGO    39.    ILL. 

ALSO    MAKERS    OF    ©S/S©    HAND    TOOLS 


130 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.  has  announced  the  recent 
appointment  of  Dr.  C.  H.  Greenewalt  as  an  assistant  director 
of  the  development  department  of  the  company.  Dr.  Greenewalt 
has  been  associated  with  the  du  Pont  organization  since  1922. 

*  »    * 

Announcement  has  been  made  by  The  Glenn  L.  Martin  Co., 
Baltimore,  Md.,  that  Robert  H.  Kittner,  forme -ly  associated 
with  American  Hard  Rubber  Co.,  has  joined  the  Martin  organi- 
zation as  manager  of  its  newly-created  Plastics  &  Chemicals 
Division,  where  he  will  have  complete  charge  of  the  develop- 
ment program  of  Marvmol  products.  Clayton  F.  Ruebensaal, 
co-inventor  of  Afarvinol,  the  new  Martin  elasto-plastics,  has 
been  appointed  technical  director  of  this  division. 

*  *     * 

Robert  Montee,  formerly  maintenance  engineer  of  Plastic 
Die  &  Tool  Corp.,  Los  Angeles,  has  been  made  production  super- 
intendent of  that  company,  and  has  been  named  to  its  executive 
committee,  according  tq  announcement  recently  received. 


R.  H.  Kittner 


Robt.  Montee 


I.  A.  Owen 


Officials  of  The  Sorg  Paper  Co.,  Middletown,  O.,  have  an- 
nounced several  appointments  in  the  company's  newly-established 
Resin  Products  Dept.  John  A.  Owen  has  been  made  sales 
manager ;  C.  A.  Sorg,  production  manager ;  L.  C.  Currier,  mill 
manager  of  the  company,  will  manage  the  new  department,  also ; 
and  D.  M.  Yost  will  be  chairman  of  the  development  division. 

Establishment  of  this  new  department,  for  production  and 
further  development  of  resin-fortified  papers,  culminates  several 
years  of  extensive  research  and  experimentation  conducted  by 
the  company  in  that  field. 

*    *    * 

W.  D.  Clark  has  been  promoted  to  the  position  of  assistant 
general  manager  of  the  textile  division  of  United  States  Rubber 
Co. 

*  *        * 

Aeroil  Burner  Co..  Inc.,  West  New  York,  N.J.,  has  advised 
of  the  appointment  of  Bernard  Gould,  formerly  in  charge  of 
dip  tank  sales  for  the  company,  to  the  position  of  general  sales 
and  advertising  manager. 

*  *        * 

The  re-appointment  of  F.  S.  Cockburn  as  field  representative 
in  Peru,  where  he  represented  the  company  prior  to  the  outbreak 
of  the  war,  has  been  announced  by  Allis-Chalmers  Co.,  Milwau- 
kee, Wis. 

*  *        * 

Plaskon  Division  of  Libbey-Owens-Ford  Glass  Co.,  Toledo, 
has  announced  the  following  appointments  in  its  research  dept. : 
Dr.  William  C.  Dearing,  associate  director  of  chemical  re- 
search, and  Leonard  S.  Meyer,  associate  director  of  engineering 
research. 

*  *        * 

Dr.  Alfred  J.  Stamm  has  been  appointed  chief  of  the  Divi-' 
sion  of  Derived  Products  of  Forest  Products  Laboratory,  Mad- 
ison, Wis. 

In  this  capacity,  Dr.  Stamm,  who  has  Ix-en  a  mcinhrr  of  the 
Laboratory  staff  for  20  years,  succeeds  the  late  Dr.  Earl  C. 
Sherrard. 


LUXURIOUS    METALS 

ON 
INEXPENSIVE  PLASTICS 


MAY  194:, 


I'LASTI  CS 


131 


and  Armour 
is  ready  to  help 

with  your 
abrasive  problems 


Great  things  are  being  planned  today  for  better  living 
tomorrow.  And  perhaps  sooner  than  you  think,  these 
plans  will  become  realities.  When  the  time  comes 
you'll  be  glad  that  you  called  on  Armour's  long  expe- 
rience in  abrasive  manufacture  to  help  you  choose  the 
right  techniques  and  the  right  tools  for  your  plastics. 

For  all  types  of  sanding  ...  in  removing  parting 
lines  and  flashings,  in  smoothing  rough  spots  and 
molded  defects— in  any  finishing  operation  .  .  .  there 
are  specialized  Armour  abrasives  designed  to  do  a  better 
job  at  less  cost.  All  are  available  in  sheets,  rolls,  belts, 
discs  and  in  special  forms  for  specific  jobs. 

If  you're  planning  a  postwar  plastic  product  or  if 
you're  working  with  plastics  now,  you'll  find  that 
working  with  Armour  abrasives  means  better  finishing. 

Yes,  great  things  are  in  the  making  for  post- 
war. But  until  final  Victory,  industry's  chief  aim 
is  supplying  the  weapons  of  war  to  our  fighting 


men! 


For  practical 

abrasive  advice, 

write  or  call 


Armour 
Sandpaper  Works 


DIVISION    OF   ARMOUR   AND   COMPANY 
1355  W«l  3UI  Sir..!      Chicago  9,  IINnol. 


Dr.  Zay  Jeffries,  vice  president  of  the  General  Electric  Co., 
Pittsfield,  Mass.,  has  been  selected  as  winner  of  the  Francis  J. 
Clamer  Medal  of  The  Franklin  Institute,  according  to  recent 
announcement  by  Dr.  Henry  Butler  Allen,  secretary  and  di- 
rector of  the  Institute.  This  silver  medal  is  awarded  at  least 

once  in  5  years. 

*  *    * 

Harold  B.  Morris  has  been  appointed  technical  representative 
of  the  Naugatuck  chemical  division,  United  States  Rubber  Co., 
and  Dispersion  Process,  Inc.,  in  the  Akron  area. 

*  *    * 

H.  Z.  Benton  has  joined  the  engineering  staff  of  American 
Phenolic  Corp.,  Chicago. 

*  *    * 

Election,  by  the  board  of  directors,  of  Ellis  L.  Spray  as  a 
vice  president  of  the  Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co.,  in 
charge  of  elevator  and  air  conditioning  activities  of  the  com- 
pany at  Jersey  City,  has  been  announced. 

*  *    * 

The  recent  appointment  of  Ward  Keener  to  the  position  of 
assistant  to  the  president  of  The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co.,  Akron, 
O.,  has  been  announced.  Dean  E.  Carson  succeeds  Mr.  Keener 
as  director  of  business  research. 

*  »    * 

The  following  appointments  in  Thermex  Division  of  The 
Girdler  Corp.,  Louisville,  Ky.,  have  been  announced  by  C.  C. 
Brumleve,  sales  manager:  John  M.  Frey,  Central  District 
representative,  with  office  in  Chicago ;  •  and  Ray  G.  Peterson, 
Northeastern  District  representative,  headquartering  in  New 

York  City. 

*        *        * 

Thomas  Redmond  has  been  appointed  Detroit  sales  rep- 
resentative for  F.  J.  Stokes  Machine  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
handling  the  entire  Stokes  line  of  equipment. 

*  *    * 

Tennessee- Eastman  Corp.,  Kingsport,  Tenn.,  has  announced  the 
sudden  and  untimely  death  of  John  Burke  Scheer.  Also  an- 
nounced is  the  appointment  of  Nelce  C.  Taylor  to  the  post  of 
Tenite  sales  representative,  with  headquarters  in  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

*  *    * 

California  Spray-Chemical  Corp.,  Richmond,  Calif.,  has  ad- 
vised that  Lee  R.  Hudson  has  been  appointed  purchasing  agent 
and  credit  manager  for  the  company,  and  that  Fred  E.  Allison 
has  been  made  traffic  manager. 

*  *     * 

Wilson  Carbon  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York  City,  has  announced 
the  election  of  Ralph  J.  Andrews,  its  research  director,  to 
the  post  of  vice  president  of  the  company. 

*  *     * 

Announced  by  Emery  Industries,  Inc.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
is  the  appointment  of  J.  D.  Faiella  to  direct  the  company's 
new  Plastolein  Products  department,  which  has  been  es- 
tablished to  handle  the  development  and  commercial  appli- 
cation of  a  new  series  of  fatty  acid  derivatives,  including  the 
dibasic  azelaic  and  monobasic  pelargonic  acids. 

*  *     * 

Forrest  C.  Tenney  has  joined  Continental  Can  Com- 
pany's Chicago  office,  in  an  executive  capacity. 

*  *     * 

Bert  S.  Cross,  who  has  been  manager  of  new  products 
department  of  Minnesota  Mining  &  Mfg.  Co.,  St.  Paul,  for 
the  past  2  years,  has  been  named  general  manager  of  the 
company's  "Scotchlite"  Division. 

*  *    * 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Texti- 
leather  Corp.,  Toledo,  O.,  Jules  D.  Lippman  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  corporation  and  L.  H.  Green,  former  president, 
was  named  chairman  of  the  board. 

*  *    * 

Recent  announcement  from  the  Plastics  Division  of  General 
Electric  Co.,  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  advises  that  Thomas  E.  Giblin 
has  been  named  district  manager  of  the  central  district  of  the 
company's  Chemical  Dept.,  and  Philip  E.  Doell  has  been  ap- 
pointed district  manager  of  the  east  central  district. 

Mr.  Giblin,  who  was  formerly  in  charge  of  plastics  sales  in 
the  central  district,  will  continue  to  headquarter  in  Chicago,  and 
Mr.  Doell  will  retain  his  offices  in  Cleveland. 


132 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


The  Question  of 


Chicago  War  Production  Conference 

Plastics  were  interestingly  featured  during  the  recent  Chicago 
War  Production  Conference,  held  at  the  Stevens  Hotel,  Chicago, 
on  March  29. 

Sponsored  by  various  members  of  the  Technical  Societies 
Council  in  co-operation  with  the  U.  S.  Army,  U.  S.  Navy,  and 
the  War  Production  Board,  the  Conference  featured  panel  ses- 
sions on  technical  subjects  of  vast  interest  to  industry.  There 
were  two  plastics  panels,  sponsored  by  the  Society  of  Plastics 
Engineers ;  the  first  dealt  with  the  topic  of  new  development  in 
molded  and  extruded  plastics,  and  the  second  was  concerned  with 
new  developments  in  laminated  and  fabricated  plastics. 

Among  the  featured  speakers  on  these  subjects  were  G.  Holm- 
gren, Badger  Plastics,  Inc.;  R.  Webster,  technical  representa- 
tive, Dow  Chemical  Co.;  G.  W.  Borkland,  president,  General 
Plastics  Corp. ;  J.  A.  Healy,  engineer,  Formica  Insulation  Co. ; 
W.  F.  Homer,  director  of  the  biological  laboratory,  Belmont 
Radio  Corp. ;  and  V.  P.  Grindle,  field  engineer,  Meca  Corp. 


Plastics  Industry  Organization  Meeting 

A  number  of  representatives  of  the  plastics  industry  in  the 
Twin  City  area  attended  a  recently-held  dinner  meeting  at  Hotel 
Radisson,  Minneapolis,  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the  forma- 
tion of  a  plastics  industry  organization. 

Arranged  by  Jon  Hall,  Minneapolis  Plastics  Corp.,  acting 
chairman  of  the  present  SPI  Twin  City  company  members,  the 
meeting  was  addressed  by  Hubert  Humphrey,  business  research 
and  public  relations  counsellor,  on  the  importance  and  need  for 
organizing  the  plastics  industry  in  that  area ;  Dr.  Charles  Mann, 
chief  of  chemical  engineering,  University  of  Minn.,  outlined  the 
importance  of  additional  research  and  study  in  the  plastics  field ; 
and  William  T.  Cruse,  executive  vice  president  of  SPI,  stressed 
the  historical  background  of  plastics,  and  the  value  of  a  united 
effort  in  the  advancement  of  an  industry.  Prof.  Fulton  Holtby, 
head  of  the  school  of  mechanical  engineering,  University  of 
Minn.,  offered  the  facilities  of  that  school  for  research  and  any 
assistance  which  could  be  rendered  by  it  to  the  progress  of  in- 
dustry organization. 

The  following  advisory  committee  was  appointed  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  meeting :  Jon  Hall,  chairman ;  Professor  Fulton 
Holtby;  Clark  Dailey,  Northwest  Plastics;  Herbert  Galloway, 
Minnesota  Plastics;  Harvey  Hill,  Rogers  Hydraulic;  A.  G. 
Morrison,  Maico  Co. ;  Ralph  Bowman,  Superior  Plating  Co. ; 
T.  W.  Ingersoll,  Plastics  Inc. 


Dinner  Meeting  of  Cleveland  SPE 

The  Cleveland  Section  of  the  SPE  held  a  dinner  meeting  at 
the  Cleveland  Club,  on  March  30,  at  which  the  main  speaker 
was  James  T.  Hoffman,  Geveland  attorney,  who  spoke  on  the 
subject  of  patents  and  how  they  are  applied  in  the  field  of 
plastics  machinery,  design  and  materials.  A  member  of  the 
Rehabilitation  Section  of  Crile  General  Hospital  briefly  outlined 
the  progress  being  made  in  the  rehabilitation  of  wounded  vet- 
erans. 


Forum  Meeting  Well  Attended 

An  attendance  of  more  than  200  was  reported  at  a  meeting 
of  the  New  York  chapter  of  the  National  Institute  of  Credit, 
held  on  April  10  at  the  Hotel  Pennsylvania,  New  York  City. 
"The  Plastics  Industry — Its  Future  and  Financial  Structure," 


answered 


No.  5 

SERIES 

STANDARD 
MOLD  BASES 

STANDARD 
55-S  SERIES 
MOLD  PARTS 


STRIPPER  PLATE 
MOLD   BASES 


DME's  greatly  in- 
creased production 
facilities  now  make 
possible  introduc- 
tion of  the  new  No.  5  series  of  mold  bases  (including 
stripper  plate  bases)  and  mold  parts.  These  mold  bases 
are  of  increased  size— 12"  wide  and  23V  long— thus 
offering  greater  range  and  versatility  in  molding  .  .  . 
and  they  come  completely  assembled,  available  imme- 
diately direct  from  stock. 

OME  NEWS   will   bt   mailed   you 

monthly  upon   your  rtquttl. 


—  DETROIT      MOLD 

ENGINEERING     COMPANY 


6686    t.    McNICHOLS   DO. 


DfTROIT    12,   MICHIGAN 


MAY  1945 


I •  L  A  S  T  i  C  S 


133 


•fr  Installed  in  1936  at  the  St.  Louis  Plant  of 
Carter  Carburetor  Corporation,  the  three  Curtis 
Air  Compressors  shown  above  were  on  almost 
continuous  24-hour  duty  for  five  years.  During 
this  period,  they  operated  at  80  Ib.  pressure,  pro- 
viding air  for  the  entire  plant. 

J.  H.  Klasey,  plant  engineer,  states  that  "they 
gave  surprisingly  good  service  with  very  little 
maintenance." 

Here  is  only  one  example  of  how  Curtis  Model 
"C"  Compressors  are  saving  money  through  de- 
pendable performance  and  freedom  from  mainte- 
nance expense  for  thousands  of  manufacturers 
throughout  the  country.  Curtis  economy  is  the 
result  of  such  experienced  design  features  as: 

•  Tapered  Roller  Bearings 

•  Cciitro-riiig  Lubrication 

•  Carbon-free  Disc  Valves 

•  Automatic  Pressure  Unloader 

9  Precision  Construction  Throughout 

Curtis  Compressors  are  available 
in  capacities  up  to  300  cfm.  For 
proof  of  their  efficiency  and  oper- 
ating advantages,  send  the  coupon 
for  full  information.  Ask  for  bulle- 
tins C-4-C  and  C-27-C. 

CURTIS 

ST.  LOUIS  •  NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO  •  SAN   FRANCISCO  .   PORTLAND 

CURTIS  PNEUMATIC  MACHINERY  DIVISION      C-ws 

of  Curtis  Manufacturing  Company 

1914  Kienlen  Avenue,  St.  Louis,  Missouri 

Please  send  me  bulletins  C-4-C  and  C-27-C. 


FqoviCTORY 


Name. 


Firm. 


formed  the  topic  of  a  discussion  by  speakers  George  Scribner, 
president  of  Boonton  Molding  Co.,  and  Casper  M.  Bower,  indus- 
trial research  analyst. 

Boston-Providence  5PI  Chapfer  formed 

A  new  chapter  of  the  SPI  has  been  formed  in  New  England. 
This  is  the  Boston- Providence  chapter,  with  H.  H.  Wanders, 
Northern  Industrial  Chemical  Co.,  as  chairman,  and  A.  A.  Law- 
rence, Dow  Chemical  Co.,  secretary. 

This  is  the  third  SPI  chapter  to  be  formed  in  the  New  Eng- 
land area;  the  others  are  the  Rridgeport-Waterbury-Meriden 
chapter  and  the  Springfield-Hartford-and-Worcester-Leominster 
chapter. 


Plastics  Club  of  the  U.  S.  Meets 

A  meeting  of  the  Plastics  Club  of  the  United  States  was  held 
on  April  10  at  the  Hotel  Pennsylvania,  New  York  City. 

Harold  Frutchey,  manager  of  the  Development  Division  (  f 
Ideal  Plastics  Corp.,  spoke  on  the  subject  of  "Plastics  from 
Molds" ;  "A  Buyer's  View  of  Plastics,"  was  the  topic  of  a  talk 
given  by  Charles  A.  Peters,  of  Lewis  &  Conger,  New  York  City. 
Another  highlight  of  the  meeting  was  a  film  titled  "Careers 
for  Cellulose,"  produced  by  Hercules  Powder  Co. 


Fabricating  Division  of  SPf  Meets 

At  a  dinner  meeting  held  at  the  Hotel  Sheraton,  New  York 
City,  the  Fabricating  Division  of  the  SPI  heard  speeches  de- 
livered by  George  K.  Scribner,  president  of  the  Society,  David 
Hopping,  sales  manager  of  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.,  and  H.  Pear- 
son, director  of  the  Product  Development  Laboratory,  Rohm  & 
Haas  Co. 

In  his  talk,  Mr.  Scribner  urged  unity  of  the  various  divisions 
of  the  plastics  industry  to  meet  competition  of  other  industries. 
Mr.  Hopping  discussed  the  new  manual  recently  issued  by  Cela- 
nese Plastics  Corp.  on  the  subject  of  fabricating  methods  for 
Celanese;  and  Mr.  Pearson  used  lantern  slides  to  illustrate  his 
talk  on  Plexiglas  design. 


Street 

City 


Zone.  . .  .State. 


SPf  Low  Pressure  industries  Division 

The  SPI  low  pressure  industries  division,  recently  organizca. 
plans  to  carry  out  a  comprehensive  program  in  the  interests  of 
the  group,  included  in  which  are  not  only  the  pressure  molders 
but  also  the  material  suppliers,  machinery  manufacturers,  pro- 
fessional and  research  laboratories.  The  low  pressure  molders 
group,  it  is  announced,  is  to  be  composed  of  contact  molders, 
fluid  molders  and  straight  compression  molders  using  pressures 
of  500  psi  or  less. 

Plans  include  the  circulation  of  prepared  papers  of  interest 
to  the  Division,  by  means  of  SPI  bulletins  because  of  war  time 
restrictions  on  meetings  of  more  than  fifty ;  a  clearing  house 
plan  for  the  exchange  of  ideas  and  technical  information  among 
its  members ;  and  other  projects  of  benefit  to  the  group. 

W.  Burdette  Wilkins,  Ridgewood,  N.  J.,  is  chairman  of  the 
Low  Pressure  Industries  Division  Temporary  Committee,  with 
Robert  J.  Brinkema,  New  York  City,  as  alternate;  other  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  are  Wm.  G.  Appel,  New  York ;  John  A. 
Owen,  New  York;  Dr.  L.  J.  Marhoefer,  Camden,  N.  J.;  Alfred 
A.  Glidden,  Watertown,  Mass. ;  Herbert  R.  Simonds,  New 
York ;  L.  W.  Gane,  Auburn,  N.  Y. ;  John  Avignonc,  New  York ; 
Wm.  B.  Darling,  New  York ;  L.  C  Chesley,  New  York ;  C.  L. 
Condit  is  secretary. 


Possibilities  of  Invisible  Rays 

Addressing  the  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  section  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Chemical  Engineers  at  a  recent  meeting, 
Eugene  W.  Beggs,  engineer,  of  the  Westinghouse  Lamp  Di- 
vision, predicted  far-reaching  industrial  possibilities  for  in- 
visible rays  in  taking  the  place  of  chemicals  in  certain 
compounding  processes.  New  plastics,  new  rubber  prod- 
ucts, new  foods,  new  chemicals,  may  emerge  from  the 
chemical  laboratory  in  the  future  as  a  result  of  irradiation 
by  electric  lamps  producing  invisible  ultraviolet,  Mr.  Beggs 
said.  Among  examples  of  the  possibilities,  he  mentioned 
that  light  rays  can  polymerize  chemicals  into  dense,  gummy 
substances  such  as  plastics  and  rubber  by  uniting  the  mole- 
cules, and  can  make  possible  many  new  chemical  com- 
pounds by  invisible  chlorination. 


134 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


ENGINEERING 

Jlett&i 


By  LEWIS  WINNER 

Mortof  R»»«arch   Eng/nMr 

Spherical  Forming  of  Plastics 


plastics  problems  have  been  so  perplexing  a>  those  con- 
cerning spherical  forming,  with  drawing  difficulties  and  dis- 
tortion the  major  obstacles.  Solution  progress  appeared  slowiy 
until  shortly  before  the  war,  when  several  significant  de- 
velopments were  completed.  Unfortunately,  due  to  security 
reasons,  descriptions  of  the  methods  had  to  be  withheld.  Re- 
cently, however,  it  has  become  possible  to  reveal  some  of  these 
improvements.  One  of  these  interesting  contributions  permits 
the  manufacture  of  streamlined,  curved  plastics  window  panes 
which  are  uniform  and  equal  in  their  strength  throughout,  and 
completely  free  from  vision-distorting  wrinkles.  Conceived  by 
Paul  B.  Weichbrodt  of  Buffalo  and  Fred  I..  Williamson  of 
Kemnore,  N.  Y.,  and  originally  adopted  by  the  Bell  Aircraft 
Corp.,  the  development  provides  for  the  use  of  cellulose  deriva- 
tive materials,  which  can  be  drawn  with  equalized  control, 
particularly  at  the  marginal  edges.  Heretofore,  aircraft  plas- 
tics panes  with  thinned  marginal  edges  have  frequently  burst 
under  high-speed  flight  conditions.  This  has  been  due  to  faulty 
tions  between  the  window  panes  and  framing  structures. 
forming  the  material,  previously,  flat  sheets  were  usually 
ated  to  a  plastic  state  and  then  stretched  over  a  male  form 
Iling  at  the  opposite  edges  of  the  stock  sheet.  This 
hod  involved  a  gripping  of  the  sheets  at  the  marginal  edges 
I  a  very  critical  application  of  stretching  means.  Thus,  highly 
:illed  operators  were  required  to  perform  the  stretching  proc- 
which  was  very  difficult  to  control.  In  the  new  process, 
vhich  can  be  operated  by  unskilled  help,  a  forming  collar  is 
'  atured.  According  to  Weichbrodt  and  Williamson,  a  flat 


piece  of  thermoplastic  material  is  lirst  heated  in  an  men  so  as 
to  make  the  sheet  slightly  pliable  and  plastic.  It  is  then  brought 
to  the  forming  equipment,  which  should  be  located  in  a  room 
with  temperature  substantially  lower  than  the  temperature  of 
the  material  being  formed.  While  the  sheet  is  being  trans- 
ported, its  outer  surface  cools  and  hardens  slightly,  while  the 
center  body  remains  in  a  malleable  condifion.  The  sheet  it  then 
placed  upon  the  form  and  the  forming  collar  is  lowered  to  bear 
against  it  for  deforming.  It  bears  directly  downward  against 
the  sheet  during  this  process,  giving  the  sheet  freedom  to  draw. 
This  eliminates  lateral  stretching  or  pulling  of  the  stock. 

Polymerization  Method  Used 

Another  recently-disclosed  development  that  minimizes  dis- 
tortion in  "glass-type"  plastics  is  one  prepared  by  Vincent  Meu- 
nier,  Akron,  O.,  which  employs  a  polymer  method.  Used  by 
the  Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Co.,  this  process  provides  clear 
transparent  polymers  of  any  desired  shape,  free  from  cracks 
and  bubbles.  In  an  analysis  of  the  polymerization  process, 
Meunier  points  out  that  a  solid  or  semi-solid  gel  results  during 
the  process.  The  polymer  in  the  gel  usually  consists  of  a 
mixture  of  soluble  and  insoluble  polymers  which  can  be  sep- 
arated by  extraction  with  solvents.  The  quantity  of  insoluble 
material  in  the  gel  is  quite  large  in  most  cases,  sometimes 
being  about  20-75%  by  weight,  as  a  total  mixture.  This  gel 
is  usually  soft,  pliable,  and  may  be  readily  flexed.  Thus,  a 
flat  sheet  may  be  bent  or  curved  with  little  fear  of  fracture.  It 
is  possible,  for  instance,  to  polymerize  ethylene  glycol  bis  (meth- 
allyl  carbonate)  to  form  a  gel  W  thick,  12"  long,  and  2"  wide, 
which  may  be  lapped  upon  itself  to  form  a  cylindrical  section. 
Meunier  points  out  that  by  additional  polymerization  to  a  gel 
state,  applying  a  coating  of  a  polymerizable  material  to  the 
surface  and  then  further  polymerizing  the  gel  in  the  coating, 
an  interesting  variety  of  polymer  sheets  of  substantial  size  may 
be  obtained. 

Unsaturated  alcohol  polyesters  of  polybasic  acids  such  as  the 
esters  of  oxalic,  citric  or  titanic  acids,  can  be  employed  in  this 
process,  as  can  unsaturated  alcohols  containing  up  to  10  carbon 
atoms,  such  as  vinyl,  methallyl  or  methyl  vinyl  carbinyl. 


Cumberland  Scrap  grinding  machines  will  granu- 
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These  Machines  are  simple  in  design,  rugged  in 
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Our  new  post-war  models,  now  available,  are 
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Send  for  complete  information. 


Cumberland    ?/}    Machine    IlluUrat.d. 


CUITlBERLflnD   EflGinEERinG  CO 


P.  O.  BOX  216    Dept.  B 


PROVIDENCE.  R.  I. 


MAY  1945 


r  L  A  STIC  S 


135 


in    MOULDING 

From  Simple  Product  Ion  fo  Intricate  Mu/f /-insert  Deiljn 

The  diversity  In  the  product*  Illustrated  truly  reflects  Zollinger'i  ei- 

teniive  facilities  for  producing  plastics. 

Well    known   for  designing,    engineering    and   mold-making   ability 

.  .  .  complete  plant   production  Is  now  available  for  all  types  of 

molding.     Compression  ...  up  to  200  tons  hand,  semi-automatic 

or  fully  automatic  press  operation 

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Discussing  molds,  Meunier  points  out  that  the  time  at  which 
the  gel  should  be  released  from  a  mold  surface  is  determined 
by  the  nature  of  the  gel,  varying  widely  with  different  materials 
and  catalyst  concentration.  One  way  to  determine  the  time  is 
to  analyze  the  percentage  of  insoluble  matter  present  in  the  gel. 
This  process  involves  disintegrating  a  weighed  portion  of  the 
gel,  extracting  the  gel  overnight  with  a  solvent  for  monomer 
and  soluble  polymer  such  as  acetone,  chloroform,  or  carbon 
tetrachloride,  and  determining  the  weight  of  the  undissolved 
matter.  Usually  the  percentage  insoluble  in  the  gel  exceeds 
20%  by  weight  of  the  gel.  It  should  not  be  in  excess  of 
about  75%  by  weight. 

Meunier  also  indicates  that  polymerization  may  be  applied  so 
that  the  product  is  formed  into  a  plastics  mass  which  can  be 
extruded  or  formed  into  a  continuous  sheet  and  polymerized 
to  a  strong  gel  without  any  adhesion  to  a  mold.  The  sheet 
can  then  be  conveyed  through  a  polymerizing  chamber  and 
finally  severed,  coated,  shaped  and  polished. 

Thermoplastics  Insulation 

"The  use  of  thermoplastics  as  insulations  and  protective 
sheaths  on  electrical  wires  and  cables  constitutes  perhaps  the 
most  important  advancement  made  in  this  field  in  more  than 
ten  years."  So  said  H.  C.  Crafton,  Jr.  and  H.  B.  Slade  in  a 
paper  delivered  before  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers  several  weeks  ago.  Crafton,  a  research  chemist,  and 
Slade,  a  research  engineer,  with  the  Okonite  Co.,  pointed  out  that 
the  development  and  use  of  thermoplastics  is  rapidly  becoming 
more  and  more  a  science  rather  than  an  art.  Citing  polysterene 
resins  as  an  illustration,  they  stated  that  while  it  has  rather 
poor  dimensional  stability  at  moderately  elevated  temperatures, 
is  greatly  swollen  or  dissolved  by  many  common  solvents  and 
oils,  and  is  highly  flammable,  the  two  first-mentioned,  unde- 
sirable characteristics  could  be  eliminated  to  a  significant  degree 
by  cross-linking  (the  styrene-divinylbenzene  copolymer).  They 
further  said  that  the  improvement  in  these  two  properties,  as 
well  as  the  decrease  in  flammability,  was  accomplished  in  a 
development  of  the^polychlorastyrenes. 

Offering  a  chart  to  compare  the  properties  of  many  of  the 
thermoplastics.  Crafton  and  Slade  revealed  many  unusual  fac- 
tors, such  as  that  materials  having  a  low  elongation  and  little 
flexibility,  although  their  tensile  strength  and  modulus  may  be 
very  high  (polystyrene,  certain  acrylics)  have  been  rated  poor  for 
mechanical  properties. 

Discussing  the  use  of  plastics  for  insulation,  Crafton  and  Slade 
pointed  out  that  plasticized  polyvinyl  chloride  has  proved  highly 
satisfactory.  Where  prolonged  moderate  heat  is  encountered,  this 
material  may  last  as  long  as  impregnated  paper  or  varnished 
cambric.  They  said  that  where  extremely  light  walls  of  in- 
sulation were  sometimes  obtained  by  use  of  several  layers  of 
varnished  cambric  tapes,  7  to  10  mils  thicks,  the  cellulose  acetate 
types  of  insulation  have  provided  equal  or  better  services  with 
several  1J4  mil  tapes. 

These  experts  also  cited  the  importance  of  plastics  use  as  a 
protective  covering  for  wire  and  cables,  mentioning  such  factors 
as  good  resistance  to  air,  sunlight  and  erosion,  and  adding  that 
some  materials,  such  as  vinyl  plastics,  have  excellent  resistance 
to  cutting  and  instantaneous  abrasion,  but,  being  thermoplastics, 
they  do  soften  with  heat. 

Analyzing  the  relative  merits  of  plastics'  insulations,  Crafton 
and  Slade  said  that  the  lowest  loss  material  is  polyethylene. 
There  are  also  ethyl  cellulose,  cellulose  acetate  and  cellulose 
acetate  butyrate  and  finally,  polar  vinyl  plastics.  Cellulose  ace- 
tate was  rated  ahead  of  the  vinyls  because  of  recent  tests  and 
also  on  the  assumption  that  moisture  is  not  a  serious  condition. 
They  pointed  out  that  the  susceptibility  of  individual  materials 
to  individual  deteriorating  influences  makes  the  whole  subject 
complex  and  productive  of  research  and  development  projects. 

Pfostics  Replacements  of  Metal 

The  effectiveness  of  plastics  as  a  metal  replacement  appears 
to  grow  daily.  One  recent  metal  replacement  development,  idea 
of  Harold  B.  Watson,  Beloit,  Wis.,  is  a  plastics  hinge  for  a 
toilet  seat.  The  hinge  is  completely  reinforced  against  break- 
age, and  provides  free  pivotal  motion.  It  also  has  sufficient 
elasticity  to  yield  under  normal  stress  and  take  up  the  play  or 
clearance  in  the  links  between  the  parts.  Stress  is  transferred 
to  a  reinforcing  member.  END 


136 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


overseas 


By  KENNETH  R.   PORTER 

Pfoiflci'  London  Correspondent 

First-hand  information  as  to  what  Germany  has  developed  in 
some  fields  of  industry  during  the  war  is  directly  obtainable  by 
means  of  items  carried  by  German  prisoners  of  war.  Notable 
among  these  items  have  been  several  of  plastics  materials,  found 
on  front-line  prisoners  recently  captured. 

One  such  item,  an  ingeniously-constructed  plastics  flask  hold- 
ing anti-gas  liquid,  lends  a  certain  amount  of  color  to  the  rumor 
that  Nazi  militarists  had  in  mind  the  use  of  gas  as  a  "final 
weapon." 

It  is  a  flat-sided  container  consisting  of  three  main  parts; 
the  one-piece  body  with  a  molded  thread-neck  has  a  plate 
remented  in  place  to  form  the  bottom.  It  is  "corked"  by  a  cone- 
shaped  hexagonal  screw  cap  anchored  to  the  neck  by  a  safety 
"no-drop"  cord.  The  bottle  itself  measures  254"  by  2J4"  by  ft" 
and  is  made  of  a  clouded  orange-colored  plastics,  Vie"  thick. 

The  flask  is  carried  in  a  lacquered,  reddish-brown  pressed 
paper  case,  with  a  push  cap.  Instructions  for  the  use  of  its 
contents  (approximately  3  oz)  are  contained  on  the  side  of  the 


"Anti-gas"   flask,   of   plastics,   with   lacquer-covered 
pressed  paper  case,  which  is  carried  by  Nazi  soldiers 

bottle  as  well  as  on  the  case,  both  of  which  are  marked 
"Hautentgiftungssalbe"  (anti-gas  ointment).  This  flask  is  an 
excellent  example  of  fine  finish  and  detail  in  one-piece  molding, 
as  well  designed  as  many  which  are  produced  in  Allied  plastics 
plants. 

Another  article  of  interest  taken  from  a  Nazi  prisoner  is  a 
small  "palm-size"  flashlight  made  of  jet-black  plastics.  The 
two-sectioned,  single  mold  case  with  a  full  length  side  hinge 
has  a  series  of  corrugations  so  as  to  be  easily  grasped  in  the 
hand.  The  light  aperture  with  the  bulb  inserted  at  the  bottom 
of  a  highly  polished  counter-sunk  receptacle,  used  as  a  reflector, 
is  at  one  end  of  the  case.  A  simple,  built-in  lever  action  on- 
and-off  switch  operates  an  elementary  circuit  encased  in  the 
"head."  There  are  no  springs,  clips  or  straps  to  hold  the  bat- 
tery in  place. 

The  two-section  construction,  which  necessitates  no  machin- 
ing, is  a  perfect  example  of  die  design,  both  halves  being 
practically  identical,  with  the  exception  of  the  addition  of  the 
bulb,  reflector  and  switch  unit.  The  case  measures  4"  by  2ft" 


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PLASTICS 


137 


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operation  a  Despatch 
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Open  case  of  palm-size  flashlight  which  forms  pan 
of  the  equipment  of  Nazi  soldiers  and  is  made  of  jet- 
black  plastics  in  twin-section  single  mold  construction 

by  I'A",  and  formed  of  phenol  formaldehyde  resin  filled  with 
wood  pulp  %"  thick.  The  case  alone  weighs  less  than  4  oz. 
Trade  markings  indicate  that  it  was  made  in  1942  by  the 
Robert  Karst  Mfg.  Co.,  Berlin,  S.W.  68.  These  are  only  two 
of  many  plastics  items  found  in  the  equipment  of  Nazi  soldiers. 

British  Plastics  Developments 

Among  the  recent  new  plastics  developments  and  products  to 
make  their  appearance  in  Britain  is  a  plastics  electric-heating 
panel  which  may  be  employed  to  heat  buildings,  trams  and 
automobiles.  It  is  the  result  of  many  years  of  experimentation 
by  74-year-old  Sir  William  Yarworth  Jones.  One  of  the  larger 
British  railways  is  already  experimenting  with  the  panels  for 
warming  passenger  coaches. 

The  inventor  claims  that  the  panels  might  also  be  used  in 
the  walls  of  rooms ;  under  the  carpet,  as  a  heater  for  beds, 
motor-cars,  buses,  airplanes,  or  the  saloons  and  cabins  of  ships. 
Sir  William  has  also  perfected  reinforced  plastics  with  a  break- 
ing load  of  between  120  and  132  tons  to  the  sq  in,  yet  4  times 
lighter  than  steel. 

Those  who  seriously  indulge  in  the  piscatorial  pastime  might 
l>e  interested  in  the  invention  of  Group  Captain  A.  R.  Arnold, 
of  the  RAF,  who  has  taken  out  a  patent  on  a  so-called  "plastics 
fly."  The  principal  difference  between  this  fly  and  the  common 
artificial  fly  is  in  the  wings,  which  are  made  of  plastics  cello- 
phane, rather  than  from  hackles. 

In  the  Arnold  plastics  fly,  these  new  type  wings  have  aero- 
dynamic characteristics  and  are  shaped  like  an  aerofoil.  Being 
ri^id,  but  movable,  they  may  be  spread  for  gliding  to  give  a 
parachute  descent,  so  the  fly  may  alight  on  placid  water  with- 
out any  visible  disturbance.  Closed,  and  with  proper  adjust- 
ment, the  fly  can  be  made  to  do  a  fast  vertical  dive. 

The  plastics  cellophane  wings  give  a  colorful  iridescence. 

Controversial  Aspects 

The  pro  and  con  of  the  plastics  industry  in  England  might 
well  be  summed  up  in  the  following  extracts,  recently  made 
public. 

Minimizing  extravagant  claims  of  the  plastics  industry  as 
a  whole,  Britain  was  rather  pessimistically  warned  by  Norman 
Crump,  City  Editor,  London  Times,  that  "some  of  the  sug- 
gested uses  of  plastics  may  be  translated  into  fact  in  the  future, 
but  they  are  not  economic  propositions  today." 

"Nor  will  plastics,"  he  went  on  to  say,  "with  all  its  advan- 
tages and  attractions,  entirely  supplant  the  older  and  better- 
known  raw  materials  of  industry." 

In  what  might  be  regarded  as  an  optimistic  reply,  Brendan 
Bracken,  British  Minister  of  Information,  remarked  upon  the 
possibilities  in  England  of  this  comparatively  new  field. 

"A  few  years  ago  plastics  was  regarded  as  a  'gadget'  in- 
dustry," he  said.  "It  now  employs  about  100,000  workers  and 
uses  each  year  4,000,000  tons  of  raw  materials  derived  from 
the  coal  and  gas  industries  alone.  This  'infant'  may  alter  the 
future  of  many  industries  and  become  a  vast  earner."  END 


138 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


LEMS 


,-n plastics 


Probltmi  and  qu«itioni  may  b«  lubmlttcd  to 
rhil  d»partm«nt  for  anlwaring  by  th»  t«chni- 
c«l  •diton  or  specialists  in  tn»  industry. 


Is  there  a  transparent  soft  plastics  material  which  has  the 
workability  of  modeling  clay,  but  does  not  combine  chemically 
with  other  more  stabilized  plastics? 

R.  M.  P..  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

As  far  as  we  know,  no  such  plastics  material  is  avail- 
able at  the  present  time.  Research  work  is  in  progress 
on  a  soft  gummy  type  of  acrylic  plastics,  but  this  is  not 
yet  ready  for  production. 


How  are  fluorescent  pigments  used  in  clear  plastics? 

A.  C.  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Fluorescent  pigments  can  be  mired  with  molding 
powders  made  from  transparent  resins  such  as  acry- 
lates  and  methacrylates,  vinyls,  cellulose  acetate  and 
polystyrene.  If  you  have  a  definite  application  in  mind, 
ire  suggest  you  write  to  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  & 
Co.,  Inc.,  Wilmington,  Del.;  or  to  the  Rhode  Island 
Laboratories,  Inc.,  100  Pulaski  St.,  West  Warwick,  R.  I. 


We  would  like  information  about  Plasti-Cote.     How  does  it 
differ  from  ordinary  enamel;  is  it  suitable  for  home  use? 

W.  N.  M.(  Hammonton,  N.  J. 

Plasti-Cote  differs  from  ordinary  enamel  in  that  it 
lias  a  plastics  base  of  resins,  cellulose  and  mica  instead 
of  linseed  oil.  Its  manufacturer,  Cello-Nu  Products,  65 
E.  Lake  St.,  Chicago,  markets  a  general  line  for  home 
use.  This  comes  in  clear  and  transparent  types,  and  in 
all  colors  for  use  on  walls,  linoleum,  tirindoiv  trim  and 
frames,  etc. 


Can  you  furnish  us  with  a  list  of  companies  who  specialize  in 
handling  exports  of  articles  made  of  plastics? 

A.  J.  J..  Jamaica,  B.  W.  I. 

Among  the  exporters  of  plastics  products  are:  Acap 
Company,  136  Liberty  St.,  New  York;  Harving  Paper 
Co.,  135  Broadway,  New  York;  Liberty  Mercantile 
Co.,  1199  Broadway,  New  York;  Omni  Products  Corp., 
40  E.  34th  St.,  New  York. 


Where  can  we  get  information  regarding  a  plastics  violin 
which  we  understand  is  now  on  the  market? 

C.  C.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

There  has  been  a  lot  of  publicity  given  to  a  trans- 
parent plastics  violin.  We  suggest  you  contact  the 
Rohm  &  Haas  Company,  222  W.  Washington  Square. 
Philadelphia,  who  will  probably  be  able  to  furnish  you 
with  the  information  you  desire.  We  understand,  hou'- 
ever,  that  this  instrument  has  been  made  only  for  dis- 
play purposes  and  is  not  intended  to  replace  the  con- 
ventional violin. 


There  is  only  one  plastic 
-CELLO. PLASTIC. 
Do  not  accept  substitutes. 


Sow  available  in  many 

beautiful  colors  ana 

for  every  purpose. 


Brings  New  Colorful  Beauty  and  Durable  Protection  to 
FLOORS  *  WOODWORK  *  WALLS  *  EXTERIORS 


Plastic  is  now  prepared  in 
liquid  paint  form  for  use  in 
home,  office,  store  and  factory. 
This  has  come  about  through 
the  formulation  of  synthetic 
resins  with  specially  processed 


oils  combined  with  the  finest 
paint  pigments.  A  Cello-Plastic 
product  is  available  for  almost 
any  type  of  finish  or  surface. 
Does  not  chip  or  crack! 


BRILLIANT*  SMOOTH  *  TOUGH  *  DURABLE 

C|  /"NrtDC  Cello-Plastic  (transparent)  if  *  oo»-AiJ  plastic 
rLVsVSIO  finish  for  all  types  of  floors.  Outwears  wax 


types 

20O  to  1.  This  amazing  new  treatment  gives  floors  a  "cellophane-like"  Plastic 
finish.  Eliminates  pores  that  absorb  dirt,  thus  making  floors  easy  to  clean. 
Ideal  for  all  surfaces  including  wood,  concrete,  linoleum,  asphalt,  tile,  rubber. 
composition,  etc.  Eliminate!  waxing  ami  polishing.  Unexcelled  for  marine  use. 

EV  T  C  D  I  f\  D  This  modern  finish  is  a  severely  tested  product 
A  I  C  K  I  \J  K  ,hai  surpasses  old  fashioned  type  house  paints. 
Pigmemed  with  Titanium  Dioxide,  the  whitest  and  best  covering  pigment. 
combined  with  kettle  processed  linseed  oils  and  plastic  resins,  it  makes  a  rich. 
colorful,  lasting  coating.  Makes  homes  and  buildings  outstanding.  For  use  on 
wood,  stucco,  brick  or  shingle. 

Ilkl  T  C  D   I  O   D     Brings  new  glamour  inui  homes—  protects  floors 
W   I   a.  «V  I  \J  K    woodwork,  furniture,  etc.,  with  its  long-lasting. 
"cellophane-like"  Plastic  finish.  Easy  to  apply—  flows  smoothly—  leaves  no 
brush  marks  —  self  leveling. 

Product  liability  underwritten  by  one  of  America1! 
largest  insurance  companies. 


CELLO-PLASTIC  CHEMICAL  CO. 

PARK   BLDG..    PITTSBURGH   22,   PA. 


MAY  1945 


I  •  I.  A  STIC  S 


139 


NAMES*  DESIGNS 
TRADEMARKS 


Understanding  Plastic*  Chemistry 

(Continued  from  page  88) 

jection  molded  plastics,  but  some  fibres  have  been  produced 
from  it  by  extrusion,  and  it  is  finding  limited  application  as 
a  lacquer. 

ETHYL  CELLULOSE:  In  addition  to  the  cellulose  esters, 
one  cellulose  ether,  ethyl  cellulose,  has  been  developed  as  a 
very  interesting  plastics  by  treating  cellulose  with  strong 
caustic  soda  and  the  resulting  material  with  ethyl  chloride. 
As  both  a  plastics  and  a  film  material  it  is  tougher  than  the 
ester  group,  plasticizes  with  the  same  plasticizers,  may  be 
produced  in  the  same  color  range  and  is  permanently  ther- 
moplastic, so  molds  satisfactorily  in  injection  dies.  It  is 
also  compatible  with  a  wide  range  of  oils  and  waxes,  form- 
ing, when  dissolved  in  molten  wax,  new  tough  waxy  mate- 
rials of  many  potential  uses,  such  as  drop  hammers  and  pro- 
tective film  for  small  metal  parts,  applied  by  molten  dip  and 
removable  by  stripping.  Ethyl  cellulose  lacquer  is  solu- 
ble in  alcohol-toluol  mixtures,  is  compatible  with  a  wide 
range  of  resins  and  with  cellulose  nitrate.  This  material, 
introduced  just  prior  to  the  war,  has  found  so  many  useful 
applications  in  the  war  effort  that  it  has  been  under  high 
priority  restrictions  from  the  start  and  it  will  probably  be 
among  the  leading  plastics  in  post  war  applications  (Fig.  4). 

The  preparation  of  other  cellulose  ethers  is  possible,  but 
to  date  none  but  the  ethyl  ether  have  been  applied  as  plastics. 
The  methyl  ether,  methyl  cellulose,  is  water  soluble,  so  finds 
some  application  as  a  pigment  binder  in  water  coatings  and 
paints,  an  entirely  different  class  from  that  in  which  plas- 
tics materials  find  application.  It  is  quite  possible  that  fur- 
ther research  on  cellulose  ethers  will  bring  out  materials 
with  properties  of  importance  in  the  plastics  field.  These 
possibilities  should  include  mixed  as  well  as  straight  ethers. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  all  the  cellulose  plastics  and  plastics 
materials  have  resulted  in  the  conversion  of  a  fibre  (high 
polymer)  into  a  plastics  (high  polymer)  by  changing  the 
structure  and  composition  of  groups  attached  to  the  back- 
bone. This,  the  essential  part  of  the  high  polymer,  remains 
unchanged  as  the  fibre  is  changed  to  the  plastics.  Restora- 
tion of  OH  groups  should  again  produce  the  fibre  polymer. 

REGENERATED  CELLULOSE:  This  is  essentially  what  is 
done  in  the  production  of  "regenerated"  cellulose  products : 
The  cellulose  is  treated  with  strong  caustic  soda  solution,  as 
in  the  first  step  in  preparation  of  cellulose  ethers.  The  prod- 
uct is  then  treated  with  carbon  disulphide,  which  completely 
dissolves  the  cellulose,  producing  "viscose"  or  cellulose  xan- 
thate.  The  viscose  solution  of  quite  heavy  body  is  forced 
through  openings  under  the  surface  of  a  salt-and-acid  solu- 
tion, which  restores  the  original  structure  of  the  cellulose, 
causing  the  formation  of  insoluble  fibres  if  the  openings  are 
holes,  or  of  films  if  the  opening  is  a  slit.  The  fibres  are 
finished  to  produce  "viscose  rayon,"  the  films,  cellophane  or 
Sylphrap.  One  fundamental  difference  is  to  be  noted  be- 
tween acetate  rayon  and  viscose  rayon :  The  first  is  a  plas- 
tics produced  in  fibre  form,  but  it  is  permanently  fusible  and 
soluble,  hence  heat  and  solvent  sensitive.  The  second  is 
merely  cellulose  in  a  new  form,  therefore  non-thermoplastic. 

Cellulose  is  the  principal  natural  polymer  which  is  con- 
verted to  plastics  materials  by  chemical  reactions  with  its 
side  chains.  Protein  and  shellac  are  other  natural  polymers 
which  will  be  considered  in  subsequent  articles,  the  first 
under  the  classification  of  "polyamides"  and  the  second  as 
a  miscellaneous  material.  In  all  the  other  principal  plas- 
tics materials  the  polymers  have  been  built  up  from  the 
monomers  as  the  result  of  research.  In  many  cases,  even 
the  monomer  is  not  a  natural  product,  so  in  a  very  real  sense 
those  plastics  are  man-made.  Their  development  presents 
an  interesting  chapter  in  the  importance  of  chemical  struc- 
ture in  plastics  progress.  END 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


On  Your  Feet! 

(Continued  from  page  56) 


The  postwar  trend  will  be  toward  lighter  weight  with- 
out sacrifice  of  wearing  qualities.  The  heel  is  one  place 
where  weight  can  be  appreciably  reduced,  for  though  wood 
is  fairly  light  in  weight,  safety  hazards  increase  as  the 
wood  becomes  lighter.  Leather  is  relatively  heavy.  Cork, 
though  light,  is  impractical  except  for  a  few  types  of  shoes 
because  the  material  tends  to  "shred"  and  lose  its  shape. 

Plastics,  on  the  other  hand  are  perfectly  adaptable.  They 
can  be  made  not  only  lighter  than  other  materials,  but  with- 
out the  inherent  drawbacks  of  leather,  wood,  rubber  and 
cork.  However,  the  one-piece,  lightweight  plastics  heel 
must  be  able  to  receive  and  hold  intact  the  nails  or  large 
screws  which  bore  down  into  it  so  that  it  stays  firmly  at- 
tached to  the  shoe.  Its  outer  surface  should  not  chip  or 
peel. 

Plastics,  however,  have  the  strong  asset  of  wearing  longer 
than  leather,  wood,  rubber  or  cork — a  decided  advantage 
since  the  heel  is  generally  the  first  part  of  the  shoe  which 
needs  repair. 

Rubber  is  usually  used  only  as  the  bottom  layer,  being 
attached  to  the  leather  or  wood  heel.  It  is  used  for  re- 
siliency, as  a  shock  absorber  in  walking,  and  it  can  be  at- 
tached as  easily  to  plastics  as  to  leather  or  wood.  It  is 
probable  that  resilient  plastics  will  replace  rubber,  thus  giv- 
ing us  the  all-plastics  heel. 

However,  since  the  war  drastically  reduced  the  supply 
of  rubber,  shoe  manufacturers  have  achieved  the  same 
shock-absorbing  effect  by  substituting  a  heel  cushion  inside 
the  shoe  where  the  heel  of  the  foot  rests  upon  the  heel  seat. 
Here  is  another  excellent  chance  for  plastics  to  replace  the 
conventional  heel  seat  materials — wool,  cotton  felt,  sponge 
rubber,  cork,  etc.,  which  have  a  common  disadvantage  in 
that  they  soon  flatten  out  with  wear,  thus  losing  their  cush- 
ioning and  shock-absorbing  value.  A  resilient  plastics  that 
overcame  this  common  fault  would  be  a  boon  and  a  prof- 
itable item.  These  cushioned  heel  seats  are  a  permanent 
fixture  in  almost  all  "corrective"  shoes  and  many  types  or 
ordinary  footwear. 

The  Last 

The  last  is  not  actually  a  part  of  the  shoe,  but  is  an  essen- 
tial part  of  shoe  making — and  a  wide  open  field  for  plastics. 
It  is  simply  the  form  over  which  the  shoe  is  molded,  and  is 
usually  made  of  wood.  All  lasts  could  easily  be  made  from 
plastics,  and  since  a  new  last  must  be  molded  for  each  new- 
styled  shoe  a  tremendous  amount  of  wood  is  used  by  the 
industry.  Each  style  must  have  a  certain  range  of  sizes, 
about  12,  for  example,  for  a  woman's  shoe.  And  there  are 
hundreds  of  lasts  for  each  size  to  permit  outting  the  shoe 
into  mass  production.  Consider  that  each  of  the  many 
branches  of  footwear  (men's,  women's,  girls',  boys',  in- 
fants', etc.)  require  hundreds  of  new  styles  with  each  sea- 
son, and  we  soon  realize  the  enormous  number  of  lasts  that 
are  needed. 

Plastics  could  well  supply  this  need.  There  are  two 
major  requirements.  The  material  must  be  rigid  in  its 
finished  form,  and  it  must  receive  and  hold  tacks  well. 

The  wood  last  is  carefully  shaped  to  the  exact  measure- 
ment and  contour  of  the  shoe  design  by  ordinary  wood- 
working machinery  and  tools.  It  is  cut,  planed  and  skived 
partly  by  hand  but  mostly  by  the  costly  and  complex  last- 
ing machine.  Last  making  is  an  industry  in  itself.  It  is 
precision  work  where  fractions  of  an  inch  are  important. 
Wood  has  been  so  far  most  satisfactory,  but  it  has  been 
used  for  centuries  only  because  nothing  better  or  cheaper 
has  been  developed. 

The  insole  and  upper  part  of  the  shoe  are  "lasted"  or 


Place  your  plastic  problems  with 
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MAY  1945 


I »  L  A  S  T  i  C  S 


141 


at  its  best 


CONTINENTAL'S  precision  molding  has 
consistently  met  the  high  requirements, 
the  high  production  schedules,  oi  war 
and  civilian  manufacturers. 

Your  order  would  be  handled  in  the 
same,  highly  efficient  manner.  Experi- 
enced personnel  and  production  "know- 
how"  guarantee  precision  .  .  .  accuracy 
.  .  .  exact  adherence  to  your  specifica- 
tions. 

We  can  handle  the  complete  lob  In  our 
own  plant.  Including  making  oi  the  dies. 
Call  us  today  for  a  speedy  quotation. 


CONTINENTAL  PLASTICS  CORP. 

308  West  Erie  St.         SUPerior  8474 
CHICAGO  10,  ILL. 


Specialists  in 


ALLMETAL  > 

80    GRAND 


HETHER  you  are  planning 
on  a  big  job  or  a  small  one. 
lor    immediate    use    or    postwar 
production,  call  on  us.  You  will 
find  us  a  dependable  source  for 
parts  made  by  compression  mold- 
ing. If  you  have   a  molding   job 
under    consideration    consult    us 
before  you  set  up  your  produc- 
i  tion  program.  Our  staff  may  be 
\able    to    help    smooth    the    way. 


ICS   DIVISION 

HEW    PRODUCTS    CO. 

EKT,  NEW  YOHK    13.    N.    Y. 


molded  over  the  wooden  form.  The  parts  of  the  shoe  are 
held  to  the  last  by  numerous  tacks  in  key  positions.  The 
shoe,  while  on  the  last,  is  specially  treated  until  its  shape 
is  firmly  set.  Then  the  shoe  is  removed  from  the  last, 
and  the  same  last  is  used  on  the  next  pair  of  shoes  of  the 
same  size  and  style.  When  the  last  is  worn  with  too  many 
tack  holes  it  is  discarded. 

Effect  on  Lost-Making 

Plastics  could  revolutionize  the  last  making  industry, 
could  bring  about  drastic  reductions  in  costs  and  time  and 
could  impart  greater  accuracy  and  uniformity  in  the  lasts. 
The  great  asset  of  plastics  is  that  it  can  be  molded,  and 
once  the  mold  has  been  designed  to  precise  measurements 
and  contour,  any  number  of  lasts  of  the  same  size  and  style 
can  be  rapidly  produced.  These  lasts  will  be  identical  in 
uniformity — something  which  is  not  always  true  with  the 
wood  last.  And  they  will  not  require  final  "touching  up" 
by  hand  that  is  often  required  of  the  wood  last. 

The  complex  last  making  machines  could,  for  the  most 
part,  be  discarded.  Operating  costs  would  thus  be  drastic- 
ally reduced,  and  savings  in  time  and  labor  would  be  sub- 
stantial. And  accuracy  of  measurements  and  shape — so 
vital  to  shoe  manufacturer,  retailer  and  consumer — would 
attain  a  higher  degree  of  perfection. 

As  pointed  •  out  above  it  is  important  that  the  material 
be  able  to  receive  and  hold  tacks  well.  The  plastics,  be- 
cause it  is  shaped  by  molding,  would  not  have  to  be  con- 
cerned with  the  problems  of  workability,  that  is,  of  cutting, 
planing  and  skiving  as  required  of  wood  and  other  ma- 
terials. 

Lastly,  plastics  should  be  able  to  appreciably  undersell 
wood  when  the  plastics  last  is  placed  in  mass  production. 
As  a  raw  material  plastics  could  match  the  cost  of  wood; 
and  it  has  the  added  advantage  that  it  can  be  factory-pro- 
duced while  wood  as  a  raw  product  is  subject  to  extra  costs 
such  as  transportation,  labor,  tariffs  and  special  treatment. 
Remember,  wood  is  used  for  lasts  today,  as  it  was  5000 
years  ago,  only  because  no  practicable  competitive  entry 
has  been  submitted.  Many  shoe  or  last  manufacturers 
would  be  eager  to  discuss  and  experiment  with  the  pos- 
sibilities of  plastics  lasts. 

The  Toe  Box: — This  is  the  stiffened  part  of  the  shoe  over 
the  toes.  Here,  as  in  the  counter,  leather  is  most  commonly 
used,  with  paperboard  second.  This  part  is  designed  to 
stay  firm  and  retain  its  original  shape  so  that  the  shoe  looks 
well  and  the  toes  are  protected  and  free  to  function  and 
exercise. 

However,  the  toe  box  on  the  average  shoe  eventually 
softens  and  caves  in,  with  wear,  heat,  pressure  and  other 
factors  contribute  to  its  early  downfall.  The  result  is  seen 
in  ingrowing  toenails,  corns,  blisters  and  other  toe  irrita- 
tions. 

A  light  but  firm  plastics  that  can  retain  its  shape  under 
conditions  of  heat,  wear  and  pressures  would  be  ideal  for 
this  use,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  it  can't  be  done. 
The  Shank-Piece: — Almost  all  shoes  have  a  thin  and  nar- 
row strip  of  metal  on  the  "shank"  or  arch  area,  directly 
under  the  middle  of  the  foot.  It  is  usually  about  4  or  5 
inches  long,  about  1  inch  wide.  Though  it  is  sometimes 
erroneously  called  an  "arch  supporter"  it  is  actually  only  a 
reinforcement  in  the  shoe  to  keep  the  shank  from  breaking 
down.  Most  shank-pieces  are  rigid  or  semi-rigid,  of  tem- 
pered steel  and  contain  a  degree  of  spring. 

These  pieces  are  cut  to  standard  form,  and  plastics  could 
take  the  place  of  metal  for  this  use.  They  have  the  ad- 
vantage of  lighter  weight  and,  in  mass  production,  could 
perhaps  be  produced  cheaper  than  metal.  It  is  quite  prob- 
able also  that  a  plastics  containing  the  required  spring  and 
strength  could  be  made.  The  main  caution  should  be  against 
brittleness.  In  low-arched  or  flat  feet  the  entire  body  weight 


142 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


is  directly  upon  the  shank  of  the  shoe,  and  even  metal 
shank-pieces  sometimes  crack. 

The  Bottom  Filler: — Between  the  inner  and  outer  soles  is 
a  cavity,  a  space  between  .'  s  and  J4  inches.  This  is  filled 
with  one  of  various  materials:  ground  cork,  leather  scraps, 
fabric  scraps,  sawdust,  spun  fibre  glass,  etc.  This  filler  is 
held  together  by  cement. 

The.ic  materials,  however,  have  a  common  fault.  Under 
body  weight  and  heat  of  the  foot  the  filler  material  loses 
cohesion  and  "creeps";  it  forms  humps  and  saucer-like 
cavities  so  that  the  original  smooth  surface  is  lost,  and 
much  discomfort  results  to  the  wearer. 

As  a  result,  shoe  manufacturers  have  long  searched  for 
more  satisfactory  fillers,  with  spun  fibre  glass  being  proved 
the  best  to  date. 

A  "creeping"  bottom  filler  resulting  in  an  uneven  inner 
sole  surface  causes  the  feet  to  burn  and  ache  and  often  leads 
to  severe  foot  disorders.  It  is  probable  that  the  answer  lies 
in  a  non-creepable  plastics  filler,  such  as  perhaps  the  plastics 
sponge.  This  contains  the  extra  asset  of  resiliency,  which 
makes  walking  easier.  But  there  is  the  problem  of  porosity 
and  heat  producing  effects.  Most  rubber  or  rubber-like  ma- 
terials are  thus  handicapped.  The  sole  of  the  shoe  should  be 
ventilated  as  much  as  possible,  and  should  never  add  to  the 
natural  heat  of  the  foot  to  cause  burning  sensations  and 
excessive  perspiration  of  the  foot. 

Arch  Pads: — Before  the  war  there  were  almost  1000  dif- 
lerent  makes  of  "arch  supporter"  shoes  on  the  market. 
Most  of  these  had  some  type  of  arch  pad  which  fitted  under 
the  arch  of  the  foot — either  under  the  main  arch  or  the 
"metatarsal"  arch  at  the  ball  of  the  foot.  These  pads  usually 
consisted  of  wool  or  cotton  felt  or  sponge  rubber  or  leather. 
Under  pressure  they  soon  flattened  and  lost  their  original 
shape  and  value. 

Shoe  manufacturers  are  still  looking  for  materials  that 
will  stand  up  better  than  these.  Why  not  plastics? 
Welting,  Tongues  and  Straps: — This  is  a  wide-open  mar- 
ket for  new  materials.  Welting  is  used  on  most  shoes. 
This  is  a  narrow  strip  of  leather  fitting  around  the  shoe 
between  the  sole  and  upper.  Its  prime  requirement  is  that 
it  take  and  hold  stitching. 

The  tongue  and  straps  of  shoes  could  be  of  laminated 
plastic.  Many  shoe  styles  call  for  tongues  and  straps  of 
contrasting  material,  color  and  design  against  the  rest  of 
the  shoe  to  give  a  decorative  effect.  Any  industrious  plas- 
tic man  who  would  furnish  a  variety  of  sample  plastic 
straps,  tongues  and  welting  would  likely  find  a  fine  reception 
from  shoe  manufacturers. 

Ruckles.  Buttons,  Shoe  Ornaments: — Here  is  an  ideal  foot- 
wear outlet  for  plastics.  A  variety  of  attractive  samples 
could  be  made — after  consulting  shoe  designers — then  of- 
fered for  sale.  These  wares  would  probably  be  snapped  up, 
especially  if  they  could  under-sell  present  articles.  This 
isn't  a  gadget  market  by  any  means.  Hundreds  of  millions 
ot  pairs  of  women's  and  children's  shoes  require  these  items 
yearlv. 

Mucilage,  Laces,  Forms,  Etc.: — Many  supply  dealers  man- 
utacture  and  sell  these  items  to  the  shoe  industry,  realizing 
a  large  annual  gross  from  this  full-time  market.  Eyelets, 
hooks,  nails  and  thread  are  other  items  which  could  be 
made  of  plastic  and  profitably  sold  to  the  shoe  industry. 

What  has  been  outlined  in  the  foregoing  isn't  concerned 
with  any  long-range  view  into  the  future.  The  plastics 
parts  and  articles  of  the  shoe  and  shoe  making  can  be  made 
and  sold  now.  However,  over-optimistic  plastics  men  who 
envision  a  sudden  and  overwhelming  invasion  of  plastics 
into  the  shoe  industry  to  abruptly  push  leather  and  other 
materials  into  an  obsolete  past  are  apt  to  be  disappointed. 
It  won't  happen  that  way.  The  transition  will  come  gradu- 
ally. Plastics  must  first  prove  themselves  practicable  shoe 
material,  must  earn,  rather  than  force,  their  way  into  the 


o/EAVE  THESE  CHAIRS 
IN  THE  SUN  AND  RAIN 

Incredible  as  it  seems,  fabrics  woven  of  SARAN  BY 
NATIONAL  keep  their  bright  colorful  beauty  in- 
definitely with  never  a  sign  of  wear.  Rain  won't  harm 
them  .  .  .  sun  won't  fade  them.  Dirt,  grease,  even  ink 
can  be  wiped  away  with  a  damp  cloth.  To  manu- 
facturers of  upholstered  furniture  this  plastic  won- 
der-material holds  unlimited  possibilities. 


nBTIOIWL  PLBBTI 


too* 


,oct 


"YOUR  PLASTICS  DRILLING.  TAPPING 
JOBS  DESERVE  THE  CARE  OF  EXPERTS 

.  .  .  Be  sure  your  parts  and  inserts  fit. 
Have  yours  done  by  my  helpers." 


CORPORATION 

4O34   N.  KOIMAB     •     CHICAGO  41 .  III. 


MAY  1945 


i  •  i,  .t  srtr  s 


143 


ADJUSTABLE  FLY  CUTTER 

Two  models  cut  quick,  clean,  accurate  holes  within  a 
2Vz"  to  10"  range,  up  to  1"  thick.  Cross-section  of  cut 
has  appearance  of  letter  "W"  with  each  blade  taking 
out  its  own  side.  Unique  angles  at  which  blades  are 
held  and  new  grinding  technique  on  high-speed  steel 
cutting  blades  prevent  chatter.  Shank  is  heat-treated. 
Removable  pilot,  hardened  and  ground,  permits  use  of 
lead  drills  I-—&-FC 


9330  SANTA  MONICA  BOULEVARD      •      BEVERLY  HILLS.  CALIFORNIA 


TO  USERS  OF 


HERE  IS  AN  OFFER  OF  TWO  VALUABLE  HELPS  FOR 
USERS  OF  HOBBED  CAVITIES  BY  MIDLAND  ...  A  STEEL 
STAMP  FOR  POSITIVE  IDENTIFICATION  OF  EACH  HOBBED 
CAVITY,  AND  A  BOOKLET  ON  HEAT  TREATING. 


1 

2 


STEEL  STAMP  -Midland's  trade  mark  is  stamped  on 
every  bobbed  cavity  before  shipment.  However,  when 
an  unfinished  block  is  machined  the  trade  mark  is 
removed.  A  steel  stamp  offered  to  you  free  by  Mid- 
land enables  you  to  replace  this  important  identifi- 
cation and  so  assure  recom- 
mended heat  treatment. 


HOW  TO  HEAT  TREAT  HOBBED  CAVITIES-This  new 
booklet  gives  in  detail  the  heat  treating  procedure 
developed  and  recommended  by  our  metal- 
lurgists for  Hobbed  Cavities  by  Midland. 
Follow  this  procedure  in  your  shop—  ask 
your  heat  treater  to  follow  it  —  and  be  re- 
warded by  long  and  economical  produc- 
tion of  precision  parts. 


a- 
*•>,! 


Write  today,  referring  by  order  number  to  your  most 
recent  purchase  from  us.  You  will  receive  by  return 
mail,  without  obligation,  a  steel  stamp  and  a  copy  of 
"How  To  Heat  Treat  Hobbed  Cavities  by  Midland." 

Midland  DIE  AND  ENGRAVING  COMPANY 


CHICAGO 


144 


13, 

(. 


CI         AVENUE 
ILLINOIS    


1 


shoe  field.  Once  they've  gained  a  greater  degree  of  the 
shoe  industry's  interest  and  confidence,  and  plastics  men 
have  gained  a  more  intimate  understanding  of  footwear 
needs  and  problems,  the  all-plastics  shoe  might  become  an 
actuality.  But  meanwhile  they've  opened  up  numerous  prof- 
itable markets  with  their  "auxiliary"  products. 

Indicative  of  the  great  interest  and  rapid  progress  in  the 
plastics  shoe  field  is  the  fact  that  459  out  of  914  alien  shoe 
and  leather  patents  cover  plastics  compositions,  or  processes 
involving  plastics  materials. 

Plastics  have  a  fine  reception  awaiting  them  in  the  shoe 
industry,  and  they  have  some  opportunities  that  will  be 
greater  in  the  post-war  years  than  ever  accorded  any  other 
leather-competing  material.  The  shoe  industry  is  eager 
to  draw  more  of  its  materials  from  home  rather  than  for- 
eign markets,  such  as  those  which  supply  most  of  their 
leather,  wood,  cork,  rubber,  certain  fabrics  and  metals. 
This  makes  the  shoe  industry  largely  dependent  on  outside 
sources.  They  are  looking  more  and  more  to  materials  and 
products  made  here  at  home,  independent  of  tariffs,  trans- 
portation costs  and  other  factors  which  influence  prices  and 
production. 

Plastics  are  probably  the  answer.  END 


Service  for  the  Asking 

(Continued  from  page  47) 

Two  jobs  done  for  the  Walter  Kidde  Company,  manu- 
facturers of  fire  extinguishing  equipment,  also  called  com- 
bined operations  into  play.  The  first,  right  after  Pearl 
Harbor,  was  to  provide  name  plates  for  their  apparatus 
and  instruction  plates  used  on  installations,  in  place  of  the 
bronze  and  other  metal  plates  then  in  use.  The  bronze 
piece,  used  on  ships,  measured  about  5y2  X  9y2".  We 
found  this  could  be  injection  molded  in  red  cellulose  acetate 
and  then  gilt  stamped  with  the  required  reading  matter. 
In  the  same  way,  we  later  made  up  many  smaller  plates, 
all  polished,  beveled  and  gilt-stamped.  For  some  purposes 
the  same  size  could  be  used,  with  only  the  stamping  changed. 

This  was  a  comparatively  simple  assignment  from  the 
Kidde  company.  The  next  one  called  for  different  and 
more  combined  operations.  The  Navy  was  using  an  in- 
flatable life  raft,  and  wanted  a  cover  for  the  raft's  valve 
which  was  rather  intricate  in  design  and  had  to  bear  in- 
structions as  to  when  the  valve  was  set.  These  instructions 
had  to  be  in  the  center  of  the  cover,  leaving  a  clear  trans- 
parent edge  all  around.  The  desired  result  was  achieved 
by  injection  molding  the  cover  in  transparent  cellulose 
acetate,  with  a  depression  of  about  1/32".  The  instruction 
plate  was  printed,  laminated,  and  die-cut,  then  cemented  into 
this  depression. 

Customer  Cooperation 

A  very  important  part  of  good  service  is  customer  co- 
operation. We  always  insist  on  knowing  just  what  he  has 
in  mind  before  we  proceed.  Frankly,  this  is  a  selfish  atti- 
tude, for  we  do  not  want  to  figure  a  job  two  or  three 
times.  If  a  customer  expresses  his  requirements  cagily,  he 
is  probably  not  giving  all  the  data  to  which  the  producer 
is  entitled,  and  he  must  be  so  told.  If  he  is  a  big  fellow, 
he  will  realize  that  this  attitude  is  to  his  own  detriment. 
If  he  is  a  little  fellow,  he  might  be  holding  back  because  he 
is  afraid  that  some  one  will  steal  his  idea.  In  that  case 
we  advise  him  to  get  what  legal  protection  he  can.  We 
make  it  a  point  to  request  that  the  patent  or  other  protec- 
tion be  secured  before  ideas  are  submitted  for  estimate. 
Actually,  the  producer's  desire  not  to  figure  a  job  more 
than  once  works  out  to  the  "customer's  advantage  as  well, 
for  the  faster  we  can  get  to  work  on  a  job  the  sooner  and 
more  economically  the  customer  will  have  his  product.  END 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


How  to  Bond  Plastics 

(Continued  from  page  73) 


joints  can  be  made  which  will  have  up  to  90%  of  the 
strength  of  the  parts  joined."  Body  cements,  the  compa- 
ny notes,  are  those  that  have  a  base  material  of  the  plas- 
tics itself  with  plasticizers,  dissolved  in  volatile  solvents 
and  diluents.  As  the  solvents  evaporate,  there  is  left  a 
film  which  acts  as  an  adhesive  medium  between  the  parts 
joined.  Body  cements  are  especially  recommended  for 
the  joining  of  dissimilar  materials  when  mutual  solvents 
are  not  available  and  for  cementing  similar  materials  when 
the  surfaces  to  be  joined  do  not  make  intimate  contact. 

For  the  soak-jointing  of  cellulose  acetates,  a  number  of 
unblended  solvents,  such  as  acetone  and  ethyl  acetate,  may 
be  used  alone.  The  trouble  with  acetone  used  by  itself  is 
that  its  extremely  high  evaporation  rate  tends  to  cause 
"blushing"  or  frosting  of  the  cellulose  acetate  surface  to 
which  it  is  applied.  Properly  constituted  blends  can  be 
made  that  will  avoid  this  condition  and  yet  provide  a  good 
bond.  For  a  fast-drying  joint  without  blushing,  Tennessee 
Eastman  Corporation  suggests  the  following  blend:  200 
acetone,  200  methyl  acetate,  30  methyl  Cellosolve  acetate. 
For  a  slower-drying  but  much  stronger  bond,  the  com- 
pany recommends  the  following  formulation:  100  acetone, 
100  methyl  acetate,  100  methyl  Cellosolve  acetate,  50  diace- 
tone  alcohol. 

Immersion  time,  depth  of  cushion,  degree  of  pressure 
are  governed  by  the  same  considerations  as  with  acrylics. 

For  bonds  produced  by  spread-on  application,  dopes  or 
body  cements  are  more  effective  than  solvents.  In  dope 
cements,  the  solution  contains,  dissolved  in  suitable  sol- 
vents, a  proportion  of  cellulose  ester  or  of  the  particular 
cellulose  material  of  which  the  pieces  are  made.  The  pro- 
portions and  types  of  both  solvents  and  esters  that  con- 
stitute dope  cements  will  vary  considerably  with  the  com- 
position of  the  cellulose  acetate  in  work,  so  that,  as  a  general 
rule,  it  is  advisable  to  consult  the  manufacturer  of  the  plas- 
tics material  on  the  proper  formula  for  a  body  cement  to 
be  used  for  a  given  job. 

In  most  spread-on  cementing  operations,  the  joint  should 
be  assembled  and  pressure  applied  right  after  application  of 
cement  and,  as  usual,  pressure  should  be  maintained  until 
the  joint  is  set.  In  most  cases,  24  hr  of  hardening  should 
be  allowed  before  any  machining  is  done  on  the  joined  piece. 

Cellulose  Nitrates 

Bonding  on  cellulose  nitrates  is  usually  done  with  chemi- 
cally pure  acetone  alone,  although  body  cements  are  often 
used  in  the  cementing  of  surfaces  of  large  area.  Since  ace- 
tone has  a  rapid  evaporation  rate,  assembly  of  parts  after 
surfacing  with  the  solution  must  be  quicker  than  is  the  case 
with  plastics  for  which  the  bonding  compound  is  of  lower 
evaporation  rate.  For  jobs  which,  because  of  slow  or  com- 
plicated manipulation  or  for  some  other  special  reason,  call 
for  slower  evaporation  of  the  solvent,  a  small  percentage 
of  alcohol  may  be  added  to  the  acetone  as  an  evaporation 
retardant. 

For  the  bonding  of  small  cellulose  nitrate  parts,  as  in 
fixing  a  button  shank  to  the  button  body,  the  dip  method  is 
generally  found  most  convenient,  acetone  being  applied  to 
only  one  of  the  two  surfaces  to  be  joined.  The  piece  is 
dipped  fairly  quickly,  is  immediately  assembled  to  the  com- 
panion surface,  is  given  a  momentary  and  very  light  pres- 
sure— and  is  put  aside  to  dry.  The  piece  joined  by  this 
method  may  be  handled  in  5  min  and  be  machined  in  2  hr. 

There  was  a  time  when,  for  the  production  of  joints  of 
sizable  area,  the  applicator  was  an  acetone-saturated  woolen 


HOBALITE 

for 

MOBBED  MOLD   DIES 

A  GOOD  SINKING  IN  1935 

TODAY 

PERFECT  CAVITIES  ARE  HOBIED 

12'  x  6*  x  2"  Deep      10"  Dio.  x  3'  D..p 


The  plastic  molding  industry  grows  in  leaps  and 
bounds.  We  had  to  improve  Hobalite  at  that  pace.  March, 
1939,  closed  a  long  period  of  research  and  checking  under 
actual  hobbing  conditions,  proving  we  had  improved  hobobility, 
reduced  porosity,  and  improved  reaction  to  heat  treatment. 

The  hobbed  cavities  in  Hobalite  have  that  perfect  finish 
which  gives  high  lustre  to  the  molded  part.  Properly  case- 
hardened  and  heat  treated  it  withstands  a  pressure  of  82 
Tons  Per  Square  Inch. 

A  complete  stock  of  all  standard  size*  carried 
in  our  Chicago  Warchotwe  for  immediate 
shipment. 

ESTABLISHED  1911 


2945  W.   HARRISON   STREET  •  CHICAGO   12,  ILLINOIS 

Branch  Offices  and  Warehouses: 
1316  So.  dockland,  Calumet,  Mich.  •   14643  Meyeri  Road,  Detroit  27,  Mich. 
W.  South  St.,  Indlanapolii  4,  Ind.  •  3731  W.  Highland  Blvd.,  Milwaukee  t, 
420  WU.  •  1617  North  7th  St.,  SI.  Lou.i  6,  Mo. 


'lite 


The  use  of  transparent  plan 
tics  in  this  study  model  of  an 
electrical  connector  gives  di- 
rect visibility  of  form,  in- 
ternal construction  and  oper 
ation.  It  tells  the  inside  story 
without  words. 


CUE-MOLD 
PLASTICS  MODEL 


TRANSPARENT 

PLASTICS  STUDY 

MODEL 

Tho  pro-mold  plastics  model 
represents  the  product  in  its 
actual  finished  state  before 
expensive  production  molds 
are  made;  frequently  sav- 
ing costly  errors. 


INJECTION-COMPRESSION  TRANSFER  MOLDS 


STRICKER-BRUNHUBERLO. 


I HJECT:  OH -COMPRESSION 
TRANSFSR  MOIBS 


19  WEST  I4H.   STNCET 


WAtk.nl  9-OI«l 


NIWrORK  IO  N  ». 


MAY  19ir. 


f  •  I, ASTICS 


145 


rnnouncina:= 

a  new,  complete,  authoritative  book  on  a  key 
reagent  in  the  Plastics  field. 

FORMALDEHYDE 

By  J.  FREDERIC  WALKER 

Chemical  Research  Division,  Electrochemical  Depart- 
ment, E.  1.  du  font  de  Nemours  &  Co., 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

This  volume  is  the  first  serious  attempt  to  sift 
and  analyze  the  vast  literature  with  a  view  to 
presenting  its  essential  facts  in  compact  and 
comprehensible  form.  Years  of  experience  in 
this  field  have  enabled  Dr.  Walker  to  review 
and  evaluate  the  mass  of  material  published  on 
formaldehyde.  Some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of 
this  task  is  given  by  the  fact  that  if  he  had 
mentioned  all  the  references,  he  would  have 
produced  twenty  volumes  instead  of  one!  His 
results  comprise  a  volume  that  will  be  a  stand- 
ard reference  for  years  to  come. 
400  Pages  A.C.S.  Monograph  No.  98  $5.50 

Send  for  FREE  1945  Book  Catalog— 
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330  West  42nd  Street  New  York  18,  N.  Y. 


T  DIE  CAST  AND 
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mitten.  Today  there  are  two  accepted  methods,  brushing 
and  spraying,  the  latter  especially  for  large-scale  lamina- 
tions. The  use  of  the  brush  dipped  in  acetone  does  not 
differ  from  any  common  brush  application,  except  that  a 
heavy  flow  of  acetone  should  be  avoided.  Only  one  sur- 
face need  be  covered  with  the  solution.  For  the  spray  meth- 
od of  application,  a  paint-type  of  spray-gun  may  be  adapted 
to  the  purpose  by  providing  it  with  a  fine  nozzle. 

Neither  brush  nor  spray-gun  are  confined  to  acetone 
cementing.  Either  may  be  used  for  the  application  of  body 
cements,  except  that,  in  the  case  of  the  spray-gun,  the  noz- 
zle will  be  coarser  to  take  care  of  the  higher  viscosity  of 
body  cements,  which,  for  cellulose  nitrates,  usually  contain 
a  pyroxylin  base.  After  application  of  the  cement,  the 
joined  sheets  are  put  under  a  pressure  of  about  2000  psi  at 
a  temperature  of  about  200°  F. 

Phenolic* 

The  soak  technique  cannot  be  used  on  phenolics.  The 
normal  application  is  the  spread-on.  For  coating  large 
areas,  the  most  efficient  method  is  to  ride  the  phenolic  sheel 
over  rollers  which  pass  through  the  cementing  solution  as- 
they  revolve.  Another  application  is  by  rubber  paddle.  For 
edge  joints  and  others  of  comparatively  small  cross-section, 
a  glass  rod  serves  as  a  good  applicator.  Mr.  Jensen  has 
found  a  "rubber  finger"  useful  for  this  purpose.  For  most 
resin-based  cements  the  joint  must  be  prepared  by  sanding 
off  all  polish  from  the  surfaces  to  be  joined  in  order  to  per- 
mit penetration  by  the  cement.  The  surfaces  of  both  pieces 
are  coated. 

Phenolics  vary  so  widely  in  composition  that  it  is  difficult 
to  formulate  and  compound  cements  for  these  materials  on 
the  fabricating  plant  premises.  It  is  generally  advisable 
to  consult  the  manufacturer  of  the  particular  phenolic  ma- 
terial that  is  in  work.  Most  of  the  cementing  agents  made 
by  phenolics  manufacturers  for  application  on  their  plastics 
have  a  phenolic  resin  base,  to  which  an  accelerator  or  hard- 
ener, in  the  proportion  of  about  10%,  is  added  just  before 
the  solution  is  to  be  used. 

Just  as  the  composition  of  bonding  agents  varies  with 
different  phenolics  manufacturers,  so  also  do  curing  pro- 
cedures vary.  Catalin  Corporation,  for  instance,  which  sup- 
plies a  cement  to  bond  Catalin  to  Catalin,  recommends  that 
a  temperature  of  150°  F  be  applied  to  the  cemented  article? 
for  from  20  to  30  min,  and  that  they  then  be  allowed  to 
set  for  from  4  to  12  hr,  depending  on  the  proportion  of 
accelerator  used.  Marblette  Corporation,  which  provides 
a  cement  for  the  bonding  of  phenolics  to  thermosetting 
plastics  generally,  recommends  that  the  joint  be  allowed  to 
set  at  room  temperature  overnight  and  that  it  then  be  cured 
at  168°  F  for  1  hr. 

Bonding  pressures  on  joints  using  phenolic-resin-based 
cements  are  normally  mild,  about  10  psi  or  less.  In  any 
case,  pressure  is  maintained  until  the  bond  is  set. 

Mr.  Jensen  has  recently  experimented  with  a  rubber- 
based  cement  which  he  has  found  effective  for  a  number  of 
phenolics  bonding  applications.  This  cement,  supplied  by 
the  National  Adhesives  Company,  must  be  almost  dry,  with 
no  sign  of  tackiness,  before  bonding  pressure  is  applied.  The 
cement  is  applied  on  the  polished  surface.  The  required 
pressure  is  great;  Mr.  Jensen  places  it  just  short  of  the 
breaking  pressure  of  the  phenolic.  The  pressure  is  main- 
tained for  from  45  min  to  1  hr  and  then  the  joint  is  put 
aside  to  harden  to  machinability — usually  about  1  hr. 

Cementing  Jigs 

Except  for  the  simplest  type  of  joint,  in  which  standard 
clamps  of  one  kind  or  another  or  slight  modifications  of 
them  may  be  used,  jigs  are  a  necessary  and  important  part 
of  production  jobs  of  cementing.  Where  more  than  one 


146 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


joint  in  different  planes  arc  to  be  assembled  for  bonding 
and  where  applied  pressures  are  multi-directional,  the  re- 
quired jig  is  often  a  considerable  challenge  to  the  ingenu- 
ity of  the  technician. 

Basic  Principles 

Mr.  Jensen  sets  four  basic  principles  for  efficient  cement- 
ing jig  design: 

(1)  The  jig  must  be  simple  to  operate.    The  purposes 
of  the  jig  include  not  only  the  primary  ones  of  location  and 
of  maintenance  of  pressure,  but  also  the  simplification  of 
manual  operation  and  the  conservation  of  labor  time.  Since 
the  jig  should  be  simple  enough  to  be  operable  by  an  inex- 
perienced operator,  the   fewer  the  manipulable  parts  the 
better. 

(2)  The  jig  should  provide  positive  location  for  the 
parts  to  be  joined. 

(3)  The  jig  should  provide  for  proper  pressure  for  the 
specific  job.     Where  shrinkage  takes  place  at  the  joint, 
there  should  be  adequate  resiliency  of  pressure.    The  pres- 
sure should  not  be  great  enough  to  cause  distortion.    And, 
especially  in  the  case  of  transparent  plastics,  the  pressure 
should  not  be  so  great  as  to  cause  crazing. 

(4)  The  number  of  duplicated  jigs  made  for  any  pro- 
duction run  should  be  large  enough  to  maintain  continuity 
of  work.    In  other  words,  by  the  time  an  assembly  is  closed 
into  the  last  jig,  the  joined  piece  in  the  first  jig  should  be 
sufficiently  set  for  removal  and  handling,  though  not  neces- 
sajily   for   machining.      Where   rapid-action   cements   are 
used  and  where  required  setting  time  is  brief,  only  four  or 
five  jigs  may  be  all  that  is  necessary  to  achieve  this  rotation. 
On  the  other  hand,  slow-setting  jobs  may  require  100  jigs 
and  more. 

Hand  screws  and  wing-nuts  as  closing  and  clamping 
devices  are  common  on  cementing  jigs,  but  they  are  slow 
as  compared  with  some  other  devices  for  the  purpose,  es- 
pecially those  having  eccentric  or  cam  action,  like  the  one 
on  Fig.'  8.  The  chief  advantage  of  the  eccentric  type  of 
clamp  is  that  it  is  quick-acting  for  both  opening  and  clos- 
ing. The  purely  locator  type  of  jig,  like  the  one  in  Fig. 
7,  in  which  no  provision  has  to  be  made  for  maintaining 
pressures,  is  a  much  simpler  affair  in  design  and  construc- 
tion, but.  except  for  the  pressure  requirement,  all  the  other 
principles  of  jig  design  obtain.  END 


Vinyl  Negati\ 

(Continued  from  page  76) 


negatives.  An  innovation  being  incorporated  by  several 
aircraft  companies  is  that  of  placing  a  title  block  and  com- 
plete bill  of  material  on  the  negative,  thus  eliminating  the 
necessity  of  making  a  pencilled  drawing  on  tracing  paper  in 
order  to  obtain  blueprints  and  Vandykes.  All  paper  prints 
may  then  be  pulled  directly  from  the  master  negatives 
(either  type). 

Duplicating  Master  Negatives 

Another  unique  and  useful  variation  is  that  a  second  mas- 
ter negative  may  be  duplicated  from  the  original.  To  pre- 
pare a  duplicate  plastics  negative,  the  same  procedure  as 
making  the  original  is  followed  except  when  the  printed 
image,  or  any  portion  of  it,  is  traced  with  a  scriber  or  any 
sharp  pointed  instrument,  the  clear  vinyl  backing  sheet  is 
exposed,  thus  giving  a  second  photographic  negative.  Little 
skill  is  required  for  this  tracing  operation  and  inexperienced 
people  have  been  taught  to  do  it  in  a  short  time.  Using  the 
old  fashioned  method  of  hand  layout  to  complete  engineering 
design  changes  and  revisions  to  drawings  on  the  shop  tem- 
plates, would  require  thousands  of  manhours.  Time  con- 
sumed in  duplicating  hole  patterns  and  basic  contours  is  a 


KRIEGR-0-DIP"      ' 

Plastic  Dyes 

KRIEGR-O-DIP 

"S"  Standard  Chemical  Dye. 

"A"  For  Cellulose  Acetate 
and  Tenite. 

"W"  Dye  used  In  Hot  Water. 

"V"   For   Polystyrene  Vlnyllte. 

"FLUER-O-PLAS  K"  Produces 
FLUORESCENT  effect  for 
materials  used  under 
BLACK  LIGHT  —  Dials, 
Medical  Equipment.  Nov- 
elties, etc. 

For  EVERY  Type 
of  Plastics 

The  KRIEGR-O-DIP  series  of 
Plastic  Dyes  now  available 
for  ALL  types  of  Plastic  Pro- 
duction. Easy  to  use,  safe, 
dependable. 

Nationally  used  by  Molders 
and  producers  of  Plastic 
Equipment  and  Material  who 
DEMAND  uniform  and  per- 
fect Dye  results. 

14  COLORS 

All  tntermliable,  giving  an 
unlimited  variety  of  avail- 
able shades  meeting  the 
most  electing  requirements. 
For  prices  and  additional  In- 
formation, write,  wire  or 
telephone. 

KRIEGER   COLOR   &   CHEMICAL   COMPANY 

Established   Since    1920 
Manufacturers  of  "KftlEGR-O-DIP" 

Tel.   Hillside  73A1  4531    Santa  Monica  Blvd. 

Member  of  the  S.P.I.  Hollywood  38,   Calif. 


1855 


Saturating  Papers 
for  PLASTICS 

W.G.P.  furnishes  saturating  papers 
for  the  impregnation  of  thermo-plastic 
and  thermo-setting  types  of  resins  in 
fluid  form  for  medium  or  high  degree 
of  absorption.  We  can  also  supply 
saturating  papers  in  100%  rag  base 
in  colors.  Manufacturers  of  leather 
substitutes  from  natural  or  synthetic 
rubber  latex  for  consumption  in  the 
luggage  and  shoe  trades  should  in- 
vestigate the  unusual  qualities  of 
saturating  papers  offered  by  W.G.P. 

Sample  sheets  and  rolls  available 
in  various  fhJcine*»e». 


\V\I.K  t:ii- 


tiroiTt   10  ASI   mis   01   IMI   wane 


"PAPER 

AND    BOARD 


MAY  1945 


I'hASTtCS 


147 


PERNICKETY 


WE  ARE 


We  know  what  close  tolerances 
mean  .  .  .  that  precision  is  the 
First  Prerequisite  in  Electronics. 

KIRKMOLD    SPECIAL 

Injection  Molding  Process  for 
standard  and  made-to-measure 
parts  for  the  Electronic  Industry. 

molded  plastics  by 
•  KIRK  • 


J    O     6/0 
MOLDING 


COMPANY 


CLINTON 


142  BROOK  STREET 

MASSACHUSETTS 


ESSENTIALS . . 

Right  now,  winning  the  war  is  our  most  essen- 
tial business.  We  are  busy  with  work  directly 
concerned  with  our  victory. 

However,  we  can  make  a  place  in  our  sched- 
ule for  some  new  accounts. 


If  STEEL  RULE  DIES, 
HEAT  EMBOSSING  or 
DIE  CUTTING  of 
PAPER.  CARDBOARD 
and  SHEET  PLASTICS  is 
your  problem,  you  can 
count  on  us  for  Economi- 
cal, Reliable  and  Prompt 
Service. 


On  this  job  STEEL  RULE 
DIES  were  only  1/20  the 
cost  of  conventional  male 
and  female  dies. 


1*4  GREENE  ST..   NEW  YORK   12 


GRAMERCT   7.7247-8-9 


waste  of  vital  man  power  so  urgently  needed  at  this  time. 

It  has  been  found  essential  to  preserve  the  original  master 
negative  for  reference  purposes,  for  new  reproductions  re- 
quested by  sub-contractors  who  are  still  fabricating  parts 
that  do  not  incorporate  new  revisions,  and  for  the  Inspection 
Department  which  must  still  check  these  parts  when  shipped 
from  the  subcontractors'  plant  to  Republic. 

Luminous  Plastics  Negatives 

Clear  vinyl  is  also  sensitized  and  an  image  developed.  This 
results  in  a  clear  transparency,  with  the  image  appearing  as 
a  fine  black  line. 

The  uses  for  master-luminous  negatives  are  many  and 
varied.  One  novel  application  in  the  aircraft  industry  and 
effecting  a  tremendous  saving  in  manhours  of  lofting  time 
is  by  the  use  of  a  master  grid.  The  luminous  sheet  is 
sprayed  with  the  usual  coating  of  white.  Upon  this  surface 
is  scribed  very  accurately  2"  grid  lines  covering  the  entire 
sheet.  Also,  radial  lines  emanating  from  the  center  of  this 
sheet  are  scribed  for  every  10°  of  a  circle.  This  master 
grid  is  then  filed  in  the  Reproduction  Department  and  is 
reproduced  on  other  sensitized  luminous  plates  each  time 
a  loft  engineer  has  a  development  to  make.  This  procedure 
alone  saves  the  Loft  Department  hundreds  of  manhours 
which  normally  would  be  required  in  erecting  vertical  and 
horizontal  central-lines  and  reference  points  prior  to  the 
actual  developing  of  basic  contours. 

Several  unique  applications  have  been  found  for  this  type 
of  negative  material  that  are  not  possible  with  the  luminous 
negatives.  For  example,  let  us  consider  the  case  of  a  bracket 
which  has  been  re-designed.  On  completion  of  the  lay- 
out, it  is  essential  that  all  dimensions  and  hole  patterns  be 
thoroughly  checked  by  a  loft  inspector.  The  image  of  the 
original  bracket  is  printed  on  clear  vinyl  and  forwarded 
to  the  inspector  who  simply  places  it  over  the  previously 
completed  negative  of  the  redesigned  bracket.  It  immediate- 
ly becomes  apparent  by  visual  checking  that  the  hole  pattern 
has  been  accurately  duplicated  by  the  loftsman. 

As  for  the  many  uses  of  reproductions  for  tooling,  during 
the  discussion  above  concerning  preparation  of  master  neg- 
atives, several  uses  were  brought  out.  Others  follow :  steel 
reproduction  plates  of  any  desired  thickness  are  used  by 
the  Tool  Department  in  the  construction  of  sub-assembly 
and  assembly  fixtures.  In  fabricating  these  tools,  the  steel 
Ray-Production  is  bolted,  riveted,  or  arc  welded  to  the  base 
of  the  fixture  prior  to  the  incorporation  of  stops,  brackets 
and  quick  acting  clamps  for  holding  the  detail  parts  which 
comprise  the  assembly.  This  procedure  eliminates  any  hu- 
man error  in  the  positioning  of  a  separate  template  as  would 
normally  be  the  case  using  the  old  method  of  tool  making. 
Also,  as  the  template  becomes  an  integral  part  of  the  fixture, 
it  is  permanently  available  for  periodic  inspection  of  the 
tool. 

In  the  manufacture  of  dies  and  punches,  both  male  and 
female  templates  are  cut  out  from  reproductions.  Pattern 
and  drill  templates,  routing  fixtures,  and  drill  nests  are 
made  by  reproducing  the  images  directly  on  */&"  steel  plates. 
These  are  then  cut  and  drilled  and  become  the  actual  pro- 
duction tools  used  for  the  fabrication  of  detail  parts.  Images 
are  also  reproduced  directly  on  1"  or  2"  Masonite  or  steel 
for  purposes  of  making  form  blocks. 

Republic  was  faced  with  the  gigantic  problem  of  supply- 
ing hundreds  of  subcontractors  with  master  layouts  and 
design  data.  The  Republic  plant  at  Evansville  required  all 
layouts  and  data,  and  another  large  aircraft  company  sched- 
uled to  build  Thunderbolts  had  to  be  supplied  with  all  master 
layouts  and  design  data  of  the  airplane.  Obviously,  it  would 
have  required  a  tremendous  increase  in  loft  personnel  and  a 
delay  of  several  months  to  complete  this  program.  How- 
ever, with  the  aid  of  the  Ray-Production  process  this  was 
accomplished  in  a  matter  of  a  few  weeks.  END 


148 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Thing*  to  Think  About 
(Continued  from  page  98) 


of  the  part  to  be  molded  is  governed  by  the  procurable  pres- 
sure, a  certain  amount  of  time  must  be  devoted  to  determin- 
ing the  correct  compression  presses  to  be  installed. 

Capacities  of  injection  machines  are  based  more  on  the 
amount  of  material  available  per  cycle  than  the  amount  of 
pressure  required  to  produce  good  parts.  Nevertheless,  the 
size  of  part  and  required  volume  per  unit  of  time  are  still 
the  determining  factors  in  the  proper  selection  of  injection 
presses.  Injection  machines,  such  as  the  8-oz  one  shown 
in  Fig.  4,  vary  in  size  from  2  oz  up  to  about  22  oz,  and  more, 
in  capacity.  The  number  of  ounces  refers  to  the  amount 
of  material  that  the  machine  is  capable  of  ejecting  through 
the  nozzle  each  time  the  plunger  moves  forward. 

Heating  Media 

There  are  two  general  ways  in  which  compression  molds 
are  heated,  either  by  steam  or  electricity,  while  injection 
cylinders  utilize  electricity  only  and  therefore  require  no 
special  attention.  On  compression  molding,  however,  where 
system-type  presses  have  been  selected,  the  power  house  and 
its  steam  boiler  capacity  must  be  given  first  consideration. 

The  use  of  steam  for  a  heating  medium  has  many  advan- 
tages from  an  economical  as  well  as  from  an  efficiency  stand- 
point, for  it  is  usually  less  expensive  and  permits  closer  tem- 
perature limits  than  other  methods.  To  offset  these  features, 
though,  there  are  certain  disadvantages.  In  the  first  place 
the  use  of  steam  requires  an  elaborate,  and  sometimes  costly, 
network  of  pipes,  traps,  connectors,  etc.,  which  have  to  be 
connected  to  and  from  each  press.  Secondly,  insulation  is 
required  around  the  pipes  near  the  presses  in  order  to  reduce, 
partially,  the  excessive  heats  radiating  from  the  dies.  This 
insulation  also  reduces  the  heat  loss  from  the  steam  as  it 
comes  from  the  boiler  room.  Finally,  the  molding  room 
temperatures  become  unbearably  high  due  to  steam  pipe 
radiation  during  the  extremely  hot  summer  months.  Such 
conditions  have  a  marked  effect  on  the  efficiency  of  the  oper- 
ators who  have  to  endure  abnormal  working  conditions  day 
in  and  day  out. 

Electrical  heating  is  the  best  alternative  to  the  use  of 
steam.  From  a  power  cost  standpoint,  the  use  of  electric 
cartridges  may  be  higher,  but  even  so,  the  cleanliness  and 
improved  working  conditions  resulting  therefrom  very  often 
tip  the  scales  in  favor  of  this  method  of  heating.  With 
electricity,  molding  temperatures  cannot  be  controlled  with- 
in the  close  range  attainable  with  steam,  but  most  thermo- 
setting  compounds,  except  the  phenolic  colors,  are  little 
affected  by  minor  temperature  variations.  Electrical  cart- 
ridges conduct  heat  only  at  the  mold,  and  require  nothing 
more  than  two  wires  to  connect  them  to  the  main  line.  They 
may  be  bought  in  varying  diameters,  lengths,  and  wattages, 


In  the  June  issue  of  plastics,  look  forward  lo  an  article  of 
exceptional  merit: 

MULTIPROOFING  FABRICS 

— the  inside  story  of  how  fabric!  are  coated  with  plastics 
to  achieve  unusual  quality  and  appearance,  far  surpassing 
that  ol  the  untreated  material. 


Subscribe     fo 


plastics 


todoy! 


WATERBURY  PLASTICS 

Tttviit 


WRITE  DEPT.  S 
for   Information 


WATERBURY    COMPANIES,    INC. 


WATIRBURY,    CONNECTICUT 


plastics  sends 
Sales  Appeal.  Durability 


But  it's  knowing  how  to  use  plastics  that  spells 
the  difference.  That's  why  your  woik  at 
Magnetic  Plastics  is  custom  moulded 
bom  the  plastics  that  best  withstand 
the  weai  their  job  demands. 

Ask  us  to  help  you  see  what  plastics 
can  do  in  your  business.   lust  send 
photo,  sample  or  specifications,  and 
we'll  tell  you  quickly  if  it  can  be 
made  In  moulded  plastics. 


THE  MAGNETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

1900  EUCLID  BLDG.      •     CLEVELAND   15,  OHIO 


MAY  1945 


I '  L  A  STICS 


149 


IF  YOU  WANT  OUTLETS 
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(Wt  WM  Carry  Our  Own  Account*  if  Nicmory) 

M.  B.  SIEGEL 

ASSOCIATES 
FACTORY  REPRESENTATIVES  AND  DISTRIIUTORS 

63  E.  ADAMS  ST.  CHICAGO  3.  ILL 


MACHINERY 


NEW  •    USED 
REBUILT 

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Complete  PUstic  Button  Moldlnf  Equipment  Comprlslnj  8 — Terkelsen 
Presses,  Z— Colton  Preform  Machine*,  Vmrlous  Sizes  Mold»,  Button 
Plerclnt  Machines.  Tumbling  Barrels,  Etc.  All  In  Excellent  Condition. 
Inspection  Under  Power. 

New  Industrial  Equipment  Company  8'  i  II"  Laboratory  Mills. 
HYDRAULIC  EQUIPMENT  SPECIALS 

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Each    CorapUU    with     ClUi»r    Hand    or    Power    Driven 

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INDUSTRIAL  EQUIPMENT  COMPANY 

173  Iro.d  Street  Newark  2,  N.  J. 


FOR  SALE 


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for  Plastic  *  Rubber  Industrie! 
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UNIVERSAL  HYDRAULIC   MACHINERY  COMPANY 


215  Hudson   Street,  New  York  13.  N.  Y. 


Walker  5-5332-3 


L.  H.  BATTALEN 

DESIGN.  MECH.  ENG. 
FORMERLY  WITH  MASTER  TOOL  I  DIE  MAKERS.  INC. 

INJECTION  1  COMPRESSION  MOLDERS 

MOLD  MAKER   .   .   .   NOVELTIES  .   .   .  TOYS 

ORNAMENTAL  PLASTIC  t  METAL  SPECIALTIES 

682  Broadway,  N.  Y.  C.  Algonquin  4-4254 


ROUTER  BITS— FORM  CUTTERS  and 
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EKSTROM,  CARLSON  &  CO. 

1410  Railroad  AT*.  BOCXFORO,  ILL. 


ANDREW    C.    KARLSTAD 

INDUSTRIAL  DESIGNER 


COMPLETE   PRODUCT   DESIGN 

4.144  VENTURA  CANYON  AVE 
PHONE— STATE  4-S4W 


&    ENGINEERING    SERVICE 

SHERMAN  OAKS,  CALIF. 
(A  SUIURI  OF  LOS  ANGELES) 


and  failure  of  any  one  unit  can  easily  be  rectified  by  merely 
making  a  replacement  in  much  the  same  manner  as  putting 
in  a  new  light  bulb. 

Financial  Investment 

The  amount  of  capital  required  to  institute  a  plastic  mold- 
ing plant  will  depend  chiefly  upon  the  total  productive  ca- 
pacity required.  Two  types  of  presses  have  been  mentioned, 
namely,  compression  and  injection,  and  prices  of  this  equip- 
ment vary  according  to  the  sizes  needed. 

Compression  presses  of  the  system-type  may  be  bought 
for  $2,000  or  $3,000  each,  while  the  self-contained  units  cost 
more.  The  latter  type  start  at  approximately  $3,500  and 
increase  in  price  up  to  $7,000  each,  depending  on  the  total 
tonnage  available.  Injection  machines  vary  in  price  from 
around  $5,000  up  to  as  high  as  $22,000  each.  Consequently, 
it  can  be  seen  that  a  firm  can  easily  invest  $50,000  for  a  half 
dozen  self-contained  presses  and  one  or  two  injection  ma- 
chines. This  expenditure  is  exclusive  of  any  auxiliary 
equipment  such  as  preforming  machines,  preheaters,  tum- 
bling barrels,  and  other  less  expensive  finishing  machines. 
Moreover,  the  cost  of  molds  used  for  producing  the  parts 
has  not  been  included.  This  expense,  whether  listed  as  a 
capital  asset  or  as  operating  equipment,  must  be  taken  into 
consideration  in  instances  where  the  firm  expects  to  pioneer 
a  new  product  and  construct  the  necessary  dies.  Large 
production  molds  require  an  investment  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars and  this  expense  must  therefore  be  added,  in  order  to 
obtain  the  total  figure  required. 

In  addition  to  the  cost  of  presses  and  molds,  there  is  the 
matter  of  preform  presses  which  are  often  necessary  com- 
ponents to  the  full-fledged  molding  plant.  A  large  rotary 
preform  press  is  illustrated  in  Fig.  6.  Preform  machines 
range  in  price  from  $4,000  to  $8,000  each  and  are  used  to 
cold-press  the  thermosetting  materials  into  solid  parts  of 
uniform  weight  and  volume.  Another  expensive  compo- 
nent of  the  compression  molding  plant  is  the  high-frequency 
heating  unit,  but  this  equipment  is  required  only  in  limited 
instances  such  as  in  the  making  of  heavy  cross-sectional 
parts.  The  remaining  equipment  necessary  to  complete  the 
plant  is  relatively  inexpensive.  Machines  such  as  grinders 
for  granulating  thermoplastic  scrap  (see  illustration,  Fig. 
7),  tumbling  barrels  used  in  finishing  small  parts,  as  illus- 
trated in  Fig.  8,  oven  preheaters,  sanders,  kick  presses,  and 
many  other  types  of  finishing  equipment  can  be  obtained 
for  a  matter  of  hundreds  rather  than  thousands  of  dollars. 
Likewise,  the  compressed-air  unit,  which  is  so  essential  for 
the  blowing  out  and  cleaning  of  the  molds,  is  not  too  ex- 
pensive, but  all  of  the  units  when  added  up  will  require  a 
minimum  of  $2,000  or  $3,000. 

It  should  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  above-listed  capital  ex- 
penditures are  exclusive  of  any  material  compounding 
equipment.  As  a  general  rule,  the  plastics  entrepreneur 
will  depend  upon  the  large  chemical  companies  for  his 
supply  of  both  the  thermosetting  and  thermoplastic  com- 
pounds, but  the  phenolic  materials  are  sometimes  made  by 
the  molder,  to  a  limited  extent.  In  the  event  that  the  phenol- 
formaldehyde  resins  are  to  be  mixed  with  the  fillers  and 
other  necessary  ingredients,  an  additional  heavy  burden  of 
expenditure  must  be  set  aside  for  mixers,  grinders,  large 
rolls,  etc.  Also,  the  services  of  an  experienced  chemist  will 
have  to  be  engaged  in  order  to  formulate  and  properly  con- 
trol all  of  necessary  steps  in  the  manufacturing  process.  END 


PLASTICS  wishes  to  credit  Martin  Sacoder  of  Celoid 
Manufacturing  Co.,  New  York,  for  his  cooperation 
in  preparing  the  article  "Machining  Cellulose  Ni- 
trate" in  the  April  issue.  All  photos  show  the  use 
of  equipment  at  the  Celoid  Manufacturing  Co.  plant. 


150 


PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Advcrtfsvr 

Airtronic*  Manufacturing  Co.   . . 
All  metal  Screw  Products  Co.  .... 
American    Flang*    A    Manufac- 
turing Co..  Inc. 
American  Phenolic  Corporation. . 

Amos  Molded  Plastics   

Armour  Sandpaper  Works 

Arrow   Plastics  Company 

Art  Plastic  Company 

Arvey    Corporation 


Adv»rtiiing  Agency  Pag* 

Weit-Marquls.   Inc 12 

Firestone  Advertising  Service,  Inc. 142 

Frelwald  and  Coleman  Advertising 21 

.Evans  Associates.   Inc ....lot 

Sldener  I  Van  Riper,  Inc 2i 

Foote.  Cone  1   leldlng     132 

The    Powerad   Company 131 

.Industrial   Converiions,  Inc.. 4t 

ISI 


lattalen.    L.   H  .....  ....... 

Boonton  Molding  Company  ... 
Irilhart,  Arnold.  Lid  .......... 

Buffelen  Lumber  a  Mfg.  Co.  .  . 

Catalin  Corporation 


Celanese  Plastics  Corporation   .  , 
Cello-Plastic  Chemical  Co  ....... 

Chemical  Division,  The   I.   F 

Goodrich  Company  ............. 

Chicago  Molded  Products  Corp. 
Cinch   Manufacturing  Corporation 
Clark,  Robert  H.,  Company  ..... 

Columbian  Rope  Company  ...... 

Consolidated  Molded  Products 

Corporation    ................... 

Continental  Can  Company,   Inc... 
Continental   Machines,   Inc  ....... 

Continental  Plastics  Corp  ........ 

Cumberland  Engineering  Co  ..... 

Curtis  Manufacturing  Company  .  . 


ISO 

....A.  J.   Slomanson  Associates,   Inc 10 

Henri  LeMothe  Agency     Sack  Cover 

. . . .  The.  Condon  Company,  Inc 117 


Walter  J.  Gallagher. 

Advertising  2nd  Cover 

Ivey  1  Ellington  Inc. IIS 

H.  M.  Dlttman,  Advertising 139 

.The   Grlswold-Eshteman  Co 7 

Almon   Irooks  Wilder,   Inc....  ...120 

D.  T.  Campbell,   Ine t7 

West-Marquis.    Inc 144 

Barlow  Advertising  Agency,  Inc S 

Walter  J.  Gallagher,  Advertising IS 

Batten,  Barton,  Durstine  *  Osborn,  Inc.  14 

Waston-Barnett,   Inc 61 

Jim   Duffy.   Inc 142 

Richard  Thorndlke   I3S 

Oakleigh  R.  French  J  Associates 134 


Davis,  Joseph,  Plastics  Co Scheck  Advertising  Agency,   Inc (S 

Design  Service  Co Thomas  D.   Pentl  Co 14 

Despatch  Oven  Company       Harold  C.  Walker,  Advertising IK 

Detroit  Mold  Engineering  Co Charles  M.  Gray  ft  Associates 133 

Diana  Clock  Works  .  ..James  A.  Greig  I  Associates,  Inc ...13* 

Dillon   W.  C..  *  Co.,  Inc 141 

Dow  Chemical  Company,  The  ..       MacManus,  John  ft  Adams,  Inc 24 

Dura  Plastics,  Inc.   Vanguard    Advertising 89 

Durlte  Plastics  Incorporated Lawrence  I.  Everling 77 

Duro  Metal   Products  Co Irving  J.  Rosenbloom  Advertising 130 

Ekstrom,  Carlson  ft  Co Cummings,  Brand  ft  McPherson,  Adv...  ISO 

Emeloid  Co.,  Inc..  The   United  Advertising  Agency 41 

Engineers  Specialties  Division  Baldwin  t  Strachan  Inc 137 

Federal   Telephone   and    Radio 

Corporation    Marschalk  S  Pratt  Co 17 

Felianthal,  G..  ft  Son  Llaber  Advertising  Co 123 


General  Industries  Company,  The  .Fuller  t  Smith  I  Ross  Inc S 

Gering   Products.   Inc M.  C.  DIedrlch 126 

Gird  I. r  Corporation,  The  Roche,  Williams  S  Claary,  Inc 39 


Hawaii,  John,   Inc Anderson,  Davis  A  Platte,   Inc. 

Hawley  Products  Company  .... 
Hercules  Powder  Company,  Inc. 
Hlnde  A  Dauch  Paper  Company 

Hodgman  Rubber  Co 

House  of  Plastics 


128 
I.  A.   Feinsteln. .........;*...!..... ..44.  67 

Fuller  A  Smith  A  Ross  Inc II 

Howard  Swtnk  Advertising  Agency 45 

Franklin  Advertising  Agency Ill 

Charles  Oswald  I2S 


Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Co..  The          The  Jay  H.  Malsh  Company 3 

Industrial  Equipment  Company  ...Louis  F.  Herman  Advertising  Agency   ..ISO 
Invincible  Tool  Co 124 

Karlstad.  Andrew  C 150 

Kearney  A  Treckar  Products  Corp.    Klau-Van  Pletersom-Dunlap  Associates, 

Inc * 

Kimberly-Clark  Corporation    Foote,  Cone  A  Balding 99 

Kingsley  Gold  Stamping  Machine 
Co Continental   Advertising   Service 140 


Adv*rlii»r  Advertising  Agency 

Kirk,  F.  J.,  Molding  Company  ....Cory  Snow,  Inc 148 

Krieger  Color  *  Chemical  Co Warren  P    Fahlman  Adv.  Co 147 

Kuhn  ft  Jacob  Molding  1  Tool  Co. .  Eldrldge-Northrop,   Inc 122 

Kun-Kasch.  Inc Kircher,  Lytle.  Helton  ft  Collett 23 

Lance  Manufacturing  Company   17 

Lansky  Dlecuttlng  Co Aldridge  ft  Preston.  Advertising 14* 


George  Homer  Martin 13 

Gregory  Advertising.   Inc 149 

Per lo win  and  Perlowfn 9f 

Eldrldqe-Northrop.     Inc 129 

Sam  J.  Gallay  Advertising 131 

Western  Advertising  Agency 93 

Behel  and  Waldle  and  Brlggs 144 

Addlson  Lewis  *  Associates 127 

Cruttenden  1   Eger,  Advertising   33 

Horton-Noyes   Company 119 

Klau-Van   Pletersom-Dunlap  Associates, 
Inc.  i 

National  Organ  Supply  Co National  Service  141 

National  Plastic  Products  Co The  Joseph  A.  Wilner  Company 143 

New  York  Air  Brake  Company,  The  ..Charles  Daniel  Frey,  Advertising  Agency  57 

Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Corp Fuller  1  Smith  ft  Rosi  Inc 25 


Mack  Molding  Co.,  Inc. 
Magnetic  Plastics  Co.,  The 

Marblette  Corporation    

Martlndell  Molding  Co 

Metaplait  Company   

Mevercord  Co.,  The  

Midland  Die  and  Engraving  Co... 
Minneapolis  Plastic  Molders.  Inc.   . 
Molded  Products  Company 
Morse  Twist  Drill  and  Machine  Co. 
Moslnee  Paper  Mills  Company  


Pennsylvania  Coal   Products  Co... 
Plaskon  Division.  Llbbey-Owens 

Ford   Glass  Company    

Plastic  Finishing  Corporation 

Plai  Corporation 

Precision  Plastics  Company 


Printloid.    Inc Shappe-Wllkei    Inc 

Quality  Plastic  Co 


Vanguard  Advertising  72 

Maldrum  ft  Fewsmlth  Advertising 55 

Jack  Strausberg 143 

Charles  Brunena  43 

Earle  A.  Buckley  Organization.  The 107 

r  L  . vi/'il 1__  »T 


37 
.151 


Radio  Patents  Corporation    Relss  Advertising M.  II 

Radio  Receptor  Company,  Inc Shappa-Wilkes   Inc 152 

Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  I.,  Inc.. Richard   Thorndlka IB 

Reinhold  Publishing  Corp Ray-Hirtch  Company 144 

Rohm  ft  Haas  Company  Newell-Emmett  Company  90 


Sav-Way   Industries   Florei-Phllllps  S  Clark,  Inc S3 

Shaw  Insulator  Company Charles   Brunei le 42 

Slegel.  M.  B.,  Associates  ISO 

Standard  Products  Company,  The     Brooke,  Smith    French  I  Dorrance,  Inc.  75 

Stokes,  F.  J.    Machine  Co McLaln  Organisation,  Incorporated 19 

Strlcker-Srunhuber  Co Aldridga-Preston   Advertising 145 

T  Die  Cast  and  Molded  Products 144 

Taylor  Fibre  Company  Gray  ft  Rogers 

Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation  ...Fashion  Advertising  Co.,  Inc 29 

Tlnnerman  Products,  Inc.  The  White  Advertising  Company 59 

Trl-State  Plastic  Molding  Company  Jack    Strausbarg 

United  Screw  and  Bolt  Corp Fred  W.  Mellls  Advertising 49 

Universal  Hydraulic  Machinery  Co.  Gunn-Mears   Advertising    Agency ISO 

Utah  Plast  A  Die-Cast  Co ...  144 

Virginia-Lincoln    Corp Houck  ft  Company,  Advertising: 103 


Walker  Goulard  Plehn  Co 

Washington  Veneer  Co 

Waterbury  Companies,   Inc 

Watertown  Manufacturing  Co.... 
Western  Shade  Cloth  Company. 
Worcester  Moulded  Plastics  Co. 
Wrigley,  Jr.,  William.  Company 


The  House  of  J.  Hayden  Twtss 147 

.The  Condon  Company 117 

.Manternach,    Inc 149 

.  R.  T.  O'Connell  Company 113 

.  Hardy  Advertising 20 

.C.  Jerry  Spaulding.  Inc 3rd  Cover 

.Ruthrauff  I  Ryan,  Inc I  IB 


Yardley  Plastics  Co Byer  ft  Bowman  Advertising  Agency IOS 


Ziv  Steel  *  Wire  Co 

Zollinger,  Albert 


Vernon  S.  Weiler,  Advertising 145 

.James  A.  Grieg  ft  Associates,  Inc 134 


LABORATORY  TECHNICIAN  WANTED 

Experienced  on  coating  paper  and  cloth  and 
in   compounding    adhesive:.     Steady   employ- 
ment, good  working  conditions,  and  excellent 
post-war  opportunity  in  rapidly  expanding  or- 
ganization with  nationwide  operations. 

ARVEY  CORPORATION 

3462  N.  Kimball  Avenue                      Chicago  18.  Illinois 
Phone:  Independence  1400 

QUALITY 
FINISHING  AND  ASSEMBLING 
OF  PLASTIC  PARTS 
ALSO  MOLDING  AND  DESIGNING 
SUBCONTRACTING  OUR  SPECIALTY 
POSTWAR  WORK  DESIRED 

QUALITY  PLASTIC  CO. 

405  W.  Philadelphia  Street            Whittier,  Calif. 

CLASSIFIED   ADVERTISING 

MANUFACTURER'S     REPRESENTATIVE 

Having   Intlmat*   Contact   with   Important  Chain  and   D*»t.    Store 
Buy»n.      It   Opening    New    York    Show    Room.     S*«ks   Top    Lin* 

PLASTIC  MERCHANDISE 

(on  Commission  Basis) 
Excellent  Reputation  and  References 
•ox   24  c/e   Plaitlci.   Empire   State   Bldg.,   N.  Y.   1.   N.  Y. 

WA.NTKD  for  mold  and  material  touting  purpose*  6  or  8  or.  Injection  mold 
machine.    The  machine  will  be  used  for  experimental  purposes  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  plastics  Industry.  Thomas  Engineering  Company,  24  Scott 
St..   Ni-wark   -'.   N.  1. 

BUY    WAR     BONDS 

MAY  1945 


I  •  L A ST1CS 


151 


PACKED  WITH 

POWER 


THE  NEW 


LECTRONIC    DIELECTRIC 
HEAT   GENERATOR 
5    KW    OUTPUT* 


Will  heat  a  5  pound  preform  in  90 
seconds— occupies  less  floor  space 
than  many  generators  of  one-half 
its  power — uses  new  type  long  life 
radial  fin  tubes — operates  auto- 
matically. 


TECHNICAL    DATA 


OUTPUT— 5  KW  plus. 

INPUT— 8   KVA   (approximate). 

LINE  VOLTAGE— 220  volt.  60  cycle,  3  phase. 

FREQUENCY— 30  me.  — 15  me..  5  me.  op- 
tional. 

HE4T  OUTPUT— Up  to  17,000  BTU's  per 
hour. 


OUTPUT  CIRCUIT— Permits  heating  of 
loads  of  widely  varying  characteristics  with 
a  minimum  amount  of  adjustment. 

TUBES — New  long-life  external  anode  tubes, 
SIZE— 24"  wide;  28"  deep;  59"  high. 
WEIGHT— Approximately  1000  Ibs. 


Completely  self-contained,  ready-to-use.  A  compact  power-packed  model,  particularly  designed  for 
heavy-duty  preheating  in  the  plastic  molding  industry  where  floor  space  is  at  a  premium.  Will  heat 
a  3.3  pound  preform  in  one  minute  or  a  5  pound  preform  in  90  seconds.  Its  generous  capacity  also 
males  it  suitable  for  rugged  general  purpose  production  use  as  well  as  research  requirements  involving 
substantial  power. 

Complete  specifications  of  the  new  THERMATRON  "Heatmaster"  and  other  standard  models  from 
500  watts  to  30  kilowatts  contained  in  our  new  circular  sent  on  request.  Custom  equipment  up  to  125 
KW  designed  and  built. 

'.-ill  Thermatront  rated  on  output 

Division 


HAIMO    RECEPTOR    <  OMIVVN  Y.   l>< 


WKST    I  »th  STIIUKT 


>KfV  YORK    I  I.  >'.  V. 


Engineers  and  Manufoc/urerj  of  Airway  and  Airport  Radio  fquipmenf 

SINCE      1922      IN      RADIO      AND      ELECTRONICS 


PKINTED  IN  F.  8.  A. 

PLASTICS 


MAY  1945 


A  MOVE  IN  YOUR  DIRECTION 


Our  new  plant,  although  but  a  step  away 
from  our  previous  location,  is  much  closer  to 
you  and  to  your  consideration  of  plastics.  Our 
former  working  area  has  been  multiplied  four 
times  at  14  HYGEIA  STREET,  four  times  the 
opportunity  to  make  our  techniques  of  thermo- 
plastic moulding  available  to  you.  This  includes 
huge  new  moulding  units  too,  of  our  own  design. 


War  production  already  occupies  every 
inch  of  moulding  capacity  at  14  HYGEIA 
STREET.  But  the  facilities  for  solving  your  plastics 
problems,  for  initiating  die  designs  remain 
unlimited.  Expect  to  hear  more  about  14 
HYGEIA  STREET,  more  to  convince  you  that  this 
address  belongs  at  the  top  of  the  list  of  places 
to  talk  plastics. 


FOR    CUSTOM     INJECTION    MOULDING 


TRY    THE    TRIO 


VK&fom  Jrtuecfam 

WORCESTER  MOULDED  PLASTICS  CO. 

14  HYGEIA  STREET.  WORCESTER  8.  MASS. 

IT  East  42nd  St.,  N.»  York   IT.  N.  Y. 
r.port   OH.cr:    90   Broid   St..    Ne.    York   4.   N.  Y. 


•^  •»"*      w 

:$-&    a 


#, 


HHI  /u  • 

^v- 


^    s:sx 


>r-  •    •> 


m 


intained 


arts- 


i  nrice 

facture,  pr 


&; 


^ 


L 


^ 

IN 
MOLDING  * 

ARNOLD 


5  M.ODLENECK  RO 


.Y. 


In  another  of  its  warfront  roles 


\ 


. 


f 


serves  as  bodyguard  to  a  detonator 

A  special  type  of  detonator,  resembling  a 
fountain  pen,  developed  by  U.  S.  Engineers 
and  fabricated  by  Plastic  Turning  Co.,  Inc., 
utilizes  two  Catalin  castings  to  house  -in 
and  protect  the  element's  firing  mechanism. 

The  use  of  Catalin  proved  perfect  for  the 
application.  Catalin  is  tough,  dimensionally 
stable.  It  was  also  possible  to  obtain  it 
quickly,  in  the  quantity  required,  cast  to 
exacting  specifications—  and  in  the  correct 
color  desired. 

While  urgent  assignments  like  these 
affect  the  availability  of  Catalin  for  im- 
mediate civilian  purposes,  they  need  in  no 
way  postpone  a  get-together  for  the  ex- 
change of  ideas  relative  to  postwar  plan- 
ning. Catalin's  technical  staff  will  be  very 
happy  to  render  your  inquiry  a  prompt 
response. 

CATALIN  CORPORATION 

ONE  PARK  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  16,  N.  Y. 

CAST  RESINS  •   LIQUID  RESINS 
MOLDING  COMPOUNDS 


M^ 


m 


But  You  Can't  Camouflage 
The  Quality  of  Molded  Plastics 


Remember  Emerson 

And  the  Better  Mousetrap? 
And  the  Paths 

Beaten  to  the  Door? 

There  are  Beaten  Paths 
to  Boonton 

And  they  Carry  Many 
People  to  Us. 


We  Believe 

That  Better  Plastics 

Are  Closely  Tied  to 


Sound  and  Plentiful 
Engineering 

Skillful  and  Expert 
Material  Selection, 


Modern  and  Efficient 
Equipment. 

Clever  and  Careful 
Mold  Design. 


Long  and  Varied 
History,  and 

Heavy  Thinking. 

And  a  group  of  people  from  the  Janitor  up  who  like  their  jobs  and  want  to  work  for  you. 

Our  "Ready  Reference  f'ir  Plastics"  is  yours  if  it  will  help  you  buy  or  design  plastic  moldings. 


JUNE  1945 


BOONTON   MOLDING    COMPANY 

MOLDERS,    BY    MOST    ALL    METHODS,    OF    MOST    ALL    PLASTICS 
BOONTON     •     NEW  JERSEY     •     Tel.  Boonton  8-2020 

NEW        YORK        OFFICE 

Chanm  Bldg .,  122  East  42nd  Street.  New  York  17.  N  Y ..  MUrray  Hill  6-8540 


3 


WILLIAM  B.  ZIFF 
Publisher 

B.  G.  DAVIS 

General  Manager 

C.  R.    TIGHE 
Assistant  to  Publisher 

IDITORIAL 

MICHAEL   H.   FROELICH 

Editor 

WILLIAM  SCHACK 

Field  Editor 

M.  CHURCH 

Associate  Editor 

LILA  SHAFFER 

Associate  Editor 

SANFORD  LEVINE 

Editorial  Assistant 

GAITHER  LITTRELL 

West  Coast  Editor 

FRED  HAMLIN 

Washington  Editor 

HARRY   McCORMACK 

Technical  Editor 

FRANK  ROSS 

Staff  Photographer 

KENNETH  R.   PORTER 

London  Correspondent 

ADVERTISING 

GEORGE  BERNER 

Advertising  Director 

JAMES   CERBONE 

Eastern  Advertising  Manager 

ROY  E.  UNDER 
Midwest  Advertising  Manager 

WILLIAM  L.  PINNEY 
Western  Advertising  Manager 


HERMAN  R.  BOLLIN 

Art  Director 

H.  G.  STRONG 

Circulation  Director 

R.  I.  MORGANROTH 

Production  Director 

BRANCH    OFFICE 


NEW  YORK  (I) 

Empire  State  Bldg.,  WI  7-0400 

LOS  ANGELES  (14) 
SIS  S.  Hill  St..  TU  ckcr  9213 

WASHINGTON  (4) 
International  Bldg.,  EXEcutive  2502 

LONDON 
Grand  Bldg.,  Trafalgar  Square 

TORONTO— 21 
King  Street,  East 


A  color  matcher  at 
Western  Shade  Cloth 
Co.  blending  individual 
pigment  p  a  a  t  e  i  to 
match  a  new  color  is 
portrayed  on  this 
month's  cover.  Photo 
by  Hank  Kroeger,  Jr. 
• 


N       T       E       N       T       S 

JUNE    1945  VOLUME  2     NUMBER  6 

FEATURES 

What  Material? Edgar  Bartolucci  and  J.  J.  Waldheim  23 

Electrically  Speaking Gerard  A.  Albert  28 

Light  Without  Power Sanford  Levine  34 

Multiproofing  Fabrics Benjamin  E.  Beale  36 

Merchandising  Plastics Murray  Beveridge  39 

Plastics  Make  Good  Industrial  Tools.  B7.  H.  Plumer  and  R.  L.  Dudley  42 

Design  for  Inserts ! Eugene  Jacob,  Jr.  46 

Adapting  Dielectric  Heat  to  Low-Pressure  Molding.  .H.  B.  Reed,  Jr.  52 

Determining  the  Flammahility  of  Thermosetting  Materials 

James  A.  Gale,  R.  W.  Stewart  and  J.  B.  Alfers  56 

Understanding  Plastics  Chemistry  (Part  II) .  .Dr.  George  H.  Brother  64 

Lignite,  Source  of  Low-Cost  High-Dielectric  Resins.  . .  .A.  D.  Sinning  70 

Materials  Men  Are  NOT  Magicians William  B.  Darling  75 

The  Economics  of  Transfer  Molding M.  Freund  82 

How  to  Make  the  Most  of  Acrylics H.  F.  Pearson  88 


D    E    P    A 

Plastics  in  Perspective 18 

On  the  Drafting  Board 63 

Plastics  at  Work 80 

Capital  Report   95 

What's  New  in  Plastics? 99 

Literature  Review   104 


T    M    E 


T    S 


The  Plastics  Library 109 

Association  Activities  110 

Engineering  News  Letter 112 

Industry  Highlights  115 

People  119 

Plastics  Overseas  .  .121 


Problems  in  Plastics 123 


COPYRIGHT  l?45 

ZIFF-DAVIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Editorial   Offices.    185   North   Wabash   Ave..   Chicago   I.   III. 

PLASTICS  li  published  monthly  by  ZllT-Davis  Publishing  Company.  185  North  Wabash  Ave..  Chicago  1.  111. 
SUItSCRIPTION  ItATES:  in  C.  S..  Meiico.  South  and  Central  America,  and  U.  S.  Possessions.  12  Issues  $5.00: 
24  Issues.  $8.00:  In  Canada.  12  issues.  $5.50:  24  Issues.  $9.00;  In  British  Empire.  12  Issues.  $(i.OO.  All  other 
foreign  countries,  12  Issues.  $8.00.  Subscriber*  should  allow  two  weeks  for  change  of  address.  Address  all 
subscription  letters  to  the  Director  of  Circulation.  PLASTICS.  185  North  Wabash  Ave..  Chicago  1.  111.  Entry 
as  second  class  matter  pending  at  the  post  office  at  Chicago.  Illinois.  Contributors  should  retain  copy  of  con 
tributions.  All  submitted  material  must  contain  return  postage.  Contributions  will  be  handled  with  reason 
able  care,  but  this  magazine  assumes  no  responsibility  for  their  safety.  Accepted  material  is  subject  to  adapt 
tions  and  revisions  to  meet  editorial  requirements.  Payment  covers  all  authors',  contributors'  and  contestants 
rights,  title  and  interest  in  and  to  the  material  accepted  and  will  be  made  at  our  current  rates  upon  ac 
ceptance.  All  photos  and  drawings  are  considered  part  of  material  purchased. 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


WE    READ 
BETWEEN 


THE 
BLUEPRINT 


LINES 


-     . 


PLASTIC  MOLDERS  can  look  at  a  prospective  job 
from  two  angles.  They  can  take  the  blueprint 
you  supply,  figure  their  methods,  materials, 
costs  and  deliveries  exactly  as  indicated.  That 
is,  they  can  read  just  the  lines  on  the  blueprints. 

AT  GENERAL  INDUSTRIES,  we  do  more.  Natu. 
rallv .  \ou  know  the  functions  of  the  plastic  part 
better  than  we  do,  so  we  don't  attempt  any- 
major  design  changes.  But  we  dn  know  plastics, 
and  from  our  wide  experience  can  make  sugges- 
tions which  come  from  reading  between  the 
lines  of  the  blueprint. 

QUITE  OFTEN,  our  customers  have  found  that 
our  ideas  result  in  a  product  improved  in  utility 
or  appearance,  delivered  quicker  and  at  a  lower 
final  cost. 

THIS  METHOD  calls  for  wide  experience  in  the 
plastic  industry.  It  requires  a  real  knowledge  of 
mold  making  and  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
many  different  plastic  compounds.  And,  of 


course,  it  must  be  backed  up  by  modern  equip- 
ment and  operators  who  know  their  jobs. 

SO,  when  you  are  thinking  of  postwar  plastic 
parts,  we  suggest  that  you  ask  us  to  "read  be- 
tween the  blueprint  lines."  Right  now,  we're 
100%  on  war  work,  but  when  that  job  is  done, 
we'll  have  engineers  and  facilities  to  take  on  your 
peacetime  plastic  molding.  We'd 
like  to  have  you  call  on  us. 


THE 


MOLDED         PLASTICS 


Molded  Plenties  Division 

CUu[t:  PkHi  Ciitrtf  1411 
litrtit:  Pkni  tattut  2141 


•      Elyria,  Ohio 
Ntankn:  rkii*  Mr  1111 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTI CS 


TIME 


HOT  PREFORMS  FASTER  .  .  . 

with   AIRTRONICS   Full-Cycle   Peak   Heatini 


With  ordinary  electronic  preheaters, 
the  output  power  rises  gradually 
during  the  heating  interval  and  max- 
imum power  is  reached  only  at  the 
end  of  the  cycle.  In  the  AIRTRON- 
ICS Model  DE,  the  output  power 
rises  rapidly  to  maximum  and  stays 
there  throughout  the  heating  cycle 
...resulting  in  faster  heating  of 
more  material  per  kilowatt  of  power. 

This  peak  preheating  is  accom- 
plished through  the  combination  of 
AIRTRONICS  Automatic  Power 
Regulation  and  AIRTRONICS  Au- 
tomatic Tuning  which  keeps  power 
at  its  peak  during  the  entire  heating 
cycle  regardless  of  variations  in 
preform  characteristics.  No  other  pre- 


heater  utilizes  this  production-speed- 
ing combination. 

Additional  advantages  of   the 
AIRTRONICS  Model  DE  are: 

•  2.5  KW  output  power 

•  Dual  load  selection  —  pro- 
viding two  independent  sets  of 
controls  that  can  be  preset  to  heat 
molding   material  for  two  presses 
running  different  jobs 

«    Compactness  and  mobility 

These  high-production  advantages  give 
you  more  usable  BTU's  per  second . . . 
more  BTU's  per  square  foot  of  floor 
space.  The  Model  DE  makes  preheating 
simpler  and  faster.  In  many  cases  it  can 
actually  double  your  preheating  capacity 
Send  for  the  new  four-page  folder  that 
describes  it  in  full  detail.  Write  Dept.  P. 


Automatic  Load  Circuit  Tuning  and  Auto- 
matic Power  Control  are  accomplished  by 
specially  designed  electronically-controlled 
induction  motors  shown  in  the  illustration 
above. 


MANUFACTURING  CO. 


CHICAGO 

407  S.  Dearborn 
Zone  5 


NEW  YORK 

31-28  Queens  Blvd. 
long  Island  City,  Zone  1 


PLASTICS 


LOS  ANGELES 

5245  W.  San  Fernando  Rd. 
Zone  26 

JUNE  1945 


icationfti 
d  important 


teresting 

r  I  "'HAT   UWely  lady  Arobably  doesn't   gi 
A  what  me  handbag  is  made  from.  But 
interested/in    the   fact   that   it's  easy    to 
because   ft's  watenproof  and   washable, 
because  /t  resist^  scuffing  and  wear  d 
ness.  And  she  knows  that   it   won't 
yellow  jven  after  continued  handli 

/just  a  few  of  the  propcry 
that  nfay/je  imparted   to  a   finis 
product  /hrough   the   use  of 
polyvinyuraw  materials.   And 
gej/l  ma/jy  interesting  and  im/ortdjht 


Geon 


example,  you  can  nuike^scuffproof,  good-look- 
practically  indestructible  luc^age  and  brief  c 
olstery  material  that  can  be  left  outdoocs_because  it 
ists  the  aging  effects  of  weather;  water  and  mildew- 
proof  fabric  coatings  for  rainwear,  shower  curtains, 
tents;  soles  and  heels  that  will  outwear  leather  many 
times;  film,  sheet  or  coatings  of  GEON  for  packages  that 
will  resist  wear,  aging,  chemicals,  foods,  tobacco,  oils 
and  greases,  moisture,  heat  and  cold.  All  products  made 
from  GEON  may  be  brilliantly  or  delicately  colored. 

There  are  applications  for  GEON  in 
every  industry  in  America.  For  more 
complete  information  write  Department 
UU-6,  B.  F.  Goodrich  Chemical  Com- 
pany, Rose  Building,  East  9th  and  Pros- 
pect, Cleveland  15,  Ohio. 


'.  Goodricl 

JUNE  194.-) 


icmical  Company 

PLASTICS 


A  DIVISION  OF  THI  I.  F.  OOODKICH  COMPANY 

7 


MOLD  AUTOMATICALLY 

A  STOKES   PRESS   FOR   EVERY   NEED 


Completely  Automatic  Molding  —  on  Stokes  Presses  —  is  the  acknowl- 
edged, most  economical  method  for  producing  thousands  of  different 
plastics  parts. 

Automatic  Molding  saves  molding  labor  .  .  .  one  man  operates  a  bat- 
tery of  presses.  It  saves  time  and  material  .  .  .  cycles  are  greatly  re- 
duced through  split-second  timing  and  flash  losses  reduced  B%  to  10% 
or  more. 

Mold  cost  is  low  because  a  few  cavities  are  used  to  do  the  work  of 
many.  Product  changes  can  be  made  quickly  and  economically  because 
molds  can  be  made  in  a  fraction  of  the  usual  time  and  at  minimum  cost. 
Output  is  high  ...  up  to  10,000  or  more  moldings  per  week  per  cavity. 
Parts  are  produced  as  needed,  reducing  excessive  inventories.  Parts 
are  of  highest  quality  .  .  .  there  are  no  human  errors  to  contend  with. 
For  your  present  or  post-war  parts,  consider  the  advantages  of  Auto- 
matic Molding  with  Stokes  Presses.  Write  for  full  information  now. 


F.  J.   STOKES    MACHINE    CO.     6O4O  Tabor  Rd.    phiia.  20, 


STOKES  15-TON  COMPLETELY  AUTOMATIC  MOLDING 
MACHINE  —  the  machine  lhat  established  Automatic  Mold- 
ing as  sound,  economical  practice.  Hundreds  are  in  service 
making  thousands  of  different  molded  pieces.  Complete, 
self-contained  unit,  electrically  powered  and  heated. 

^  STOKES  50-TON  HYDRAULIC  COMPLETELY  AUTOMATIC  MOLDING 
MACHINE  for  larger  pieces  and  more  pieces.  Features  same  patented 
controls  as  the  15-ton  press — Automatic  Cycle  Controller,  and  Super- 
Sensitive  Trap  lhat  checks  every  piece  made  and  literally  "runs  the 
press"  .  .  .  the  only  proved  and  foolproof  method  of  operating  a  Com- 
pletely Automatic  machine.  Only  2  hp.  motor  required  to  develop 
full  50  tons  press  capacity.  High-speed  operation  with  controlled 
closing  speed. 


MOLDING  EQUIPMENT 


8 


PLASTtCS 


JUNE  1945 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES: 

Plating  ina-k-;  rliriiiir.il  pump 

|iarl-:  \.ihc-  .mil  \aKe  pail-;  name 
mrlrr  part-;  paint  bru-h  liainllr-; 
in-ill. ill. Hi;  -topper-;  funnel-;  l.i.ltle-; 
i  I'.-iiic-;  phimblng  part-  anil  equipment; 
wire  ...ating;  pipe  anil  lulling  fur  in-1.ill.i- 
lii.n-  requiring  chemical  anil  corn. -ion 

resistance;  monofilunent  fur  textiles. 


PROPERTIES: 

Resistant    In   chemical-,   alira-n.n.   .  ,,rr.. 
-lull.  water,  ami  moisture:  (iui.il  rl. 
lli-ulal'.r;     excellent      tllrrinal     insulator; 
nmi-ll.nmn.ililc;    tmigli;    llexililr;    dimen- 

-ii.nalK    -t.il.li-;    nut    n-. mended    for 

in-t  ill  ill.  M-  i. -.(.linn;'  temperature  re- 
sistance above  170°  Fahrenheit;  tends 
t»  [.littleness  at  very  low  temperatures. 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES: 

Lighting   fixture-;   insulators;    liatlery 
li  yilrt.nirtrrs;    funnrU;    rl. 

I. ....I    boodling  i'.|iiipmrnt;  pliann 

'•al.     ri.sinctir    anil    jrwrlrv     ii.ntainrr-; 
.•  jrwrlry:  nnvrltirs;  rrlri;- 

purl-;    pi-n-;    pencils;   liipiur   ili>p. 

;  chemical  apparatus;  ili-lic-; 

lenses;  ilcn.rativc  ulijects,  trim. 


PROPERTIES: 

.    Iran-lucent    nr   opaque;    broad 

rofur  i-llent    high    freqnemv 

elrctrii  al     in-iilalur;    can     "pi|«-"    light 

thmiigli  rml  at  angles,  and  an.nn.l  |.cn.I-; 

•ILalii--;  I..H 

water  ahsorption;  light  uei^ht;  -table  al 
l..w  i.  liiiiiic.l  -..Ivcnt  resist- 

ance; available  only  in  rigid  forms. 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES: 

n -raft  part-: 

cu nt. liner-;   in-iilatur-;  tla-lili<:lii-:  aiitn- 
'•iitcheiin-;    refrigerator 
tool    hanille-;    r...l-.    tnlu-- 
arnl  -pecial  cxiru.l.-il  .-hapo  for  \ 
trim;    aiiloinoli\r    and    aircraft    Hindow 
;  modern  window  l>lim]-.  Also  used 
!'C  and  wire  coating. 


PROPERTIES: 

Extra    tough,    particularly    at    low    tem- 
perature-;  attra.tr. I..I-;   pleasant   to 

handle;    Iran-parent    or    translucent; 
diiiien-ionally    -tal.lc  to   \arving  climatic 
comlilion-    and    temperatun--;    li 
weight;  available  in  wi  '  flow- 

not    available    in    cry-lal    i"lur;    limited 
chemical  and  solvent  resistance. 


RALOY 


PRESENT  AND  POTENTIAL  USES: 

Communication  ral.les;  lianillc-  t..r  tools 
of  many  kind-,  as  well  a-  numerous 
In .  n  -ell..  Ill  apphall'-es.  etc.;  g.iskct-;  hush- 
"il  form-;  floor  mat-:  -culf  pl.ite-; 
ami  maiiv  other  application*  -till  to  lie 

ile.l.     Ideally    Mlitnl     I 

in. us    ami    readily 
fabricated   l.\    other  moliling  technii|ne-. 


PROPERTIES: 

High  il  li,  low  power  I..-- 

r   only 
llexil.le  and 

-hoi-k  re-i-tant  In. m        'XI     I 
Spei -ill.  i  1.  Water  absorp- 

tion mil)  .'2  to  .,'1'^.   I; 
and    in  nianent 

in. I. -ill. HI, .11.    alira-i.ui.     I  i-iK     machined. 


J&& ttot^iTouC  fiaeflie'i' 

We  al  Dow  know  from  *xp«rience  thai  success  in  plastics 


DOW 


for  the  combined  skill  and  cooperation  of  manufacturer 
or  designer,  plus  fabricator,  plus  raw  materials  producer. 
Working  together,  this  team  saves  time  and  money  and  puts 
plastics  to  work  successfully.  Call  us  —  we'll  do  our  part. 


PLASTICS 


THE    DOW    CHEMICAL    COMPANY,    MIDLAND,    MICHIGAN 

N*w  York     •     lotion     •     Philadelphia     .     Wothinglan     •     Cleveland    •     DelroH    •    Chicago    •    Si.  loutt    •     Houilo. 


Francitco     •     Let   Anoetet 


Need  a 


Plastic  products  whose  manulacture  requires  several 
operations  can  be  turned  out  faster  and  more  eco- 
nomically when  all  production  phases  are  centered 
at  one  source.  Here  at  Emeloid — in  one  of  America's 
most  completely  equipped  plastic  plants — we  offer 
that  kind  of  service  ...  a  diversity  of  skills  and  variety 
of  facilities  which  include  more  than  18  different  types 
of  operations.  We  invite  you  to  consult  us  when  you 
need  "combined  operations"  in  plastics. 


ARLINGTON 


Co.,  I 


E  R  S  E  Y 


i  I  i 


HYDRAULIC   PRESS 
LAMINATING 


EMBOSSING 


This  new.  profusely  il- 
lustrated brochure. 
"Progress  in  Plastics", 
is  yours  lor  the  asking. 
You'll  find  it  helpful  in 
determining  just  how 
Emeloid  can  be  of  as- 
sistance to  you.  Send 
for  your  free  copy  — 
today! 


PLASTtCS 


JUNE  1945 


WANT  TO  TEST  IT  YOURSELF? 


FlBERGLAS*-REINFORCED 

plastics  have  passed  the 
"aircraft  test"  with  fl\  ing 
colors.  This  new  material 
is  being  used  in  the  fabrication  of  flat  sheets, 
structural  members  and  formed  parts  in  many 
types  of  aircraft  where  great  strength  with  light 
weight,  dimensional  stability,  and  resistance 
to  moisture  and  temperature  changes  are  of 
vital  importance.  It  combines  properties  and 
characteristics  which  are  not  found  in  other 
materials. 

Test  it  yourself.  Write  for  the  sample  lami- 
nate included  with  the  new  folder  "Low-Pressure 
Laminates  Reinforced  with  Fiberglas  Cloth". 
Try  bending  it,  pounding  it,  or  put  it  to  your 
own  torture  test.  Then  determine  where  the  ad- 
vantages of  this  improved  material  can  be 
applied  to  the  products  you  are  planning 
on  making. 

Fiberglas  is  glass  in  the  form  of  fine  fibers  or 
filaments  having  extremely  high  tensile  strength. 
Twisted  into  yarns,  woven  into  cloths  and  tapes, 


these  Fiberglas  textiles  impart  their  properties 
to  the  finished  low-pressure  plastics  laminates. 

For  example,  impact  strength  from  five  to  ten 
times  that  previously  obtained  in  laminates  is 
now  being  attained  through  Fiberglas  reinforce- 
ment. The  glass  fibers  have  great  flexibility  and 
stand  high  stresses  without  permanent  deforma- 
tion. They  are  not  affected  by  moisture  and  tem- 
perature changes  within  the  range  of  commcn  i.il 
usage;  they  remain  dimensional!)'  stable. 

Write  for  your  copy  of  the  new  folder,  with 
sample  attached,  today.  Owens-Corning  Fiber- 
glas Corporation,  does  not  manufacture  resins  or 
finished    laminates    but    will 
be    glad    to    furnish    experi-  / 

mental  samples  of  Fiberglas  ^ 
textile  materials  and  data  on 
technique  in  their  use  with 
plastics.  Write  Otvens-Cornin/i 
Fiberglas  Corporation,  1881 
Nicholas  Bldg.,  Toledo  1,  O. 


In  Cfittdn,  Fibrrflmi  I  aamdt  Lid., 
OjAflMd,  Ontan.i. 


FIBERGLAS 


JUNE  194') 


n.  11.  R>«.  u.  s.  P«I.  OK. 

I*  I.  ASTICS 


A   BASIC  MATERIAL 


11 


HITCON 


<^t% 


Packaged  Units  for  Fast  Preffill 
with  3OOO  p.  s.  i.  Closing  and  Holding  Pressure 

Using  10  CPM  and  20  CPM  Low  Pressure  Pumps 
in  Combination  with  %  CPM  and  l'/2  CPM  Pumps  at  3OOO  p.  s.  i. 

Units  Complete  with  Pumps  on  Double  End  Motor  .  .  .  Unloading  and  Belief  Valves 
and  Micronic  Filter  .  .  .  All  Mounted  on  40  Cat.  Water  Cooled  Reservoir 


Specifications  and  Engineering  Data  on  Request 


THE    NEW  1TO 


12 


420  LEXINGTON   AVENUE,  NEW  YORK    17,  N.  Y.      •      FACTORIES:   WATERTOWN,  N.  Y. 

PLASTtCS  JUNE  1945 


SPEED  NUTS  are  the  only  fastening  devices  that 
provide  a  COMPENSATING  thread  lock  and  a  SELF- 
ENERGIZING  spring  lock.  TWO  distinct  forces  are 
exerted  on  the  screw,  as  the  SPEED  NUT  is  tightened. 

First,  a  compensating  thread  lock,  the  two 
arched  prongs  moving  inward  to  engage  and  lock 
against  the  root  of  the  screw  thread.  These  free- 
acting  prongs  compensate  for  tolerance  variations, 
and  function  perfectly  on  oversize  or  undersize 
screw  or  bolt  threads. 

Second,  a  self-energizing  spring  lock,  cre- 
ated by  the  compression  of  the  arch  in  both  the 


prongs  and  base.  The  combined  forces  of  the 
thread  lock  and  spring  lock  definitely  eliminate 
vibration  loosening. 

SPEED  NUTS,  proven  in  pre-war  commercial  in- 
dustry and  now  boosting  the  production  of  military 
airplanes,  are  ready  to  assist  you  in  the  assem- 
bly of  post-war  metal,  plastic  or  wood  products. 
Literature  is  available  on  over  3000  shapes  and 
sizes,  for  standard  or  special  assemblies. 

TINNERMAN      PRODUCTS      INC. 

2127   Fulton    Road  Cleveland,    Ohio 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTICS 


AIRPLANE 
NGS    AND  UPHOLSTER!' 


lo-J 


NURSERY    CRIBS   AN 
INFANTS'  WEAR 


RAINWEAR 


plastic 
coated 
fabrics 


SPORTS 

EQUIPMENT 


SHOWER 
CURTAINS 


IUCCAG 


BOOK 

BINDINGS 


SOWL 
COVERS 


These  are  but  a  few  of  the  items  for 
which  our  plastic  coated  fabrics  and 
papers  will  be  used  after  the  war. 

There  are  many  other  applications, 
of  course,  some  of  which  are  already 
familiar  to  our  research  staff — many 
more  have  not  yet  come  to  our  at- 
tention. 

Check  your  post  war  plans.  Do  plas- 
tic coated  fabrics  and  papers  show 
up  anywhere  in  the  picture? 


An  early  contact  with  a  reliable 
source  of  supply  will  give  you  the 
advantage  of  an  early  start  with 
many  of  the  experimental  hurdles 
behind  you. 

We  have  the  plant  facilities  and  the 
experience  to  help  you  build  a  "qual- 
ity line"  right  from  the  start.  Our 
craftsmen  were  among  the  first  to 
master  the  new  and  difficult  tech- 
nique of  applying  the  new  vinyl  res- 
ins to  fabrics  and  papers.  We  are  one 


of  the  largest  suppliers  of  these  fab- 
rics to  our  armed  forces. 

You  name  it— chances  are  we  can 
coat  it.  Your  inquiry  will  be  held  in 
strict  confidence  and  accorded  every 
possible  consideration. 


Joanna 


PLASTIC    FABRICS    DIVISION 

The  Western  Shade  Cloth  Company,  22nd  &  Jefferson  Streets,  Chicago  16 

Plastic    Fabrics    Division:     VINYL    RESIN,    PYROXYLIN    AND    OTHER    PLASTIC    COATINGS    •    PROOFED    FABRICS    AND    PAPERS    •    SIMULATED    LEATHERS 
Industrial    Fabrics    Division:     RUBBER    HOLLANDS    .    VARNISHED    SEPARATOR    CLOTH    •    BOOK    CLOTHS    •    AND    OTHER    SPECIALIZED    FABRICS 
Window    Shad*    Division:       WINDOW    SHADE    CLOTH,    ROLLERS    AND    ACCESSORIES    •    CLOTH    AND    PAPER    WINDOW    SHADES 

JOANNA    TEXTILE    MILLS,    GOLDVILLE,    SOUTH    CAROLINA 


14 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


{Can  you  name  the  plaitic  parti  that  make 
up  thii  "  ileamboat"?  See  chart  beloir.) 


How  to  put  your  product  on  the  right  course 


Are  you  all  at  sea  trying  to 
make  a  better  product?  Conti- 
nental's Plastics  Division  can 
steer  you  right. 

Whether  you're  looking  for 
beauty,  durability,  lightness, 
toughness,  or  anything  else  in  a 
product,  we're  fully  equipped  to 
do  the  job.  Our  complete  facili- 
ties enable  us  to  plan  and  turn 
out  products  of  all  sizes,  colors 
and  shapes — from  buttons  to 
bomb  parts,  faucets  to  furniture 
— each  requiring  a  different  tech- 

Tune  in  "REPORT  TO  THE  NATION,"  ctcrg  Saturday  oter  eoait-to-toait  CBS  nrtvork. 

CAN     COMPANY,    INC. 

HEADQUARTERS:    Cambridge,    Ohio 

Sales  Representatives  in  all 
Principal  Cities 


nique  in  design,  research  and 
manufacture. 

If  you're  faced  with  a  product 
problem,  Continental's  staff  of 
plastics  experts  can  solve  it  in 
the  shortest  possible  time  at  the 
lowest  possible  cost. 

So  count  on  Continental  to 
give  your  product  the  right  fea- 
tures. You'll  find  an  alert,  pro- 
gressive organization  ready  to 
give  sound,  practical  advice  and 
assistance  at  all  times. 


COMPRESSION-  INJECTION  •  EXTRUSION 
SHEET    FORMING  •  LAMINATION 


(a)  Johonuvn  gag*. block  COM — comprauioA)  (b)  U.  S.  Navy 
flashlight — injection;  (c)  Drawer  pulli — injection;  (d)  Segment 
for  circular  flu — inj.clio.1.  (t)  Molding — «xtnmon,  (f)  Glob, 
bait — injection. 


Other  product*  of  Continental  Can  Company:  metal 
cans  for  food  and  other  product*;  fibre  and  paper 
containers;  crown  caps  and  cork  products;  machinery 
and  equipment. 


JUNE  1945 


I'LASTMCS 


15 


another  Rugged  Paper  "War  Worker" 


Food  containers  for  our  armed  forces  must  be  engineered  to  resist  the 
ravages  of  all  climates  and  extremes  of  conditions  .  .  .  for  no  one  knows, 
in  advance,  the  ultimate  destination  of  the  shipments.  Extensive  research, 
much  effort  and  money  have  been  invested  by  the  paper  industry  to  provide 
containers  that  assure  arrival  of  food  in  fine  condition. 

MOSINEE,  engineered  to  the  above  prescription,  is  a  development  of  paper 
technicians  at  the  Mills  of  Mosinee  ...  an  important  contribution  to  this 
field  .  .  .  "Essential  Paper"  that  combines  greaseproofness  and  high  density, 
while  retaining  the  basic  strength  of  the  sulphate  fibre  for  improved  bend- 
ing, folding  and  scoring. 

Mosinee  engineers  will  be  glad  to  discuss  this  product  with  you,  and  offer 
extensive  experience  and  facilities  in  creating  specific  papers  or  improving 
your  processing. 


Please  address 

your  letter 
"AttentionDept.E." 


16 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


w 


J/fc%e  f/ww  JU  /uwfc 


The  speed  and  accuracy  with  which  this  extrusion  die 
was  milled  is  unusual  —  but  it's  typical  performance 
for  a  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  Milling  Machine  — 
the  most  versatile  machine  ever  designed  for  die  and 
mold  work.  Read  this  job  report: 

Material  .  .  .  High  Vanadium  —  High  Speed  Steel.  Operation 
.  .  .  machine  orifice  of  extrusion  die.  Tim*  Distribution  .  .  . 
set  up,  '4  hour;  layout,  %  hour;  rough  mill  outline,  Hi" 
deep,  2  hours;  rough  drill  opening  through  die,  1  hour;  finish 
mill  outline,  Jfj",  2j.j  hours;  square  cut  corners  with  slotting 
attachment,  %  hours;  mill  lead  side  of  die,  3/4  hours; 
Total  Tim*  —  10  hours.  No  templets  were  required. 

Check  these  advantages  of  the  Milwaukee  Rotary  Head  Mill 
Machine  and  how  you  can  benefit  from  them  in  your  own  ihop: 

DIRECT  —  mills  mold  cavities  in  a  single  set-up  without  the 
aid  of  templets  or  models. 


ACCURATE — no  changes  in  set-up  eliminates  chances  for  error. 
Exact  control  of  all  combinations  of  cutting  movements  — 
possible  only  with  this  machine  —  transmits  mathematical 
precision  to  the  work. 

FAST  —  initial  job  preparation  and  set-up  time  is  reduced  to 
the  minimum.  Accurate  performance  of  the  machine  saves 
operator's  time  and  rapid  production  of  the  intricate  molds 
and  dies  is  the  result.  Write  for  Bulletin  No.  1002C  and 
complete  information. 


BUILDERS  OF  MILWAUKEE  ROTARY  HEAD  MILLING 
MACHINE  •  MIDGETMILL  •  SPEEDMILL  •  FACE  MILL 
GRINDER  •  AUTOMETRIC  JIG  BORER  •  CENTER  SCOPE. 


Kearney  &  Trecker 


CORPORATION 

Milwaukee  14,  Wisconsin 

Subtidiory  of  K*om*y  t  Tr*ck*r  Corporation 


V-E  DAY,  with  all  its  implications,  puts  a  tremen- 
dous burden  on  the  plastics  industry.  First,  there 
is  still  the  difficult  job  ahead  of  beating  the  Japs.  The 
industry,  therefore,  will  be  expected  to  continue  doing 
the  same  kind  of  magnificent  war  job  which  helped 
beat  Nazi  Germany.  There  is  no  doubt  that  there  will 
be  no  shirking,  and  no  stalling  in  getting  on  with  the 
Pacific  war,  and  of  trying  to  get  it  over  with  as  quickly 
as  possible.  And,  there  is  no  doubt  about  the  whole- 
hearted cooperation  of  the  industry  in  achieving  this 
goal. 

On  the  other  hand,  V-E  Day  probably  means  the  re- 
lease of  more  materials  for  civilian  use.  It  means  that 
many  ideas  will  become  realities.  It  means  that  proj- 
ects, long  dormant  because  of  critical  shortages,  will 
be  put  to  the  test  of  actual  use.  It  means,  in  effect,  that 
the  experience  and  know-how  gained  under  the  stress 
of  war  will  become  manifest  in  a  thousand  and  one 
new  things  for  which  an  eager  public  has  long  been 
waiting  with  some  pent  up  anticipation. 

It  is  here  that  a  word  of  caution  is  necessary.  Let 
us  not  forget  that  the  public  is  expecting  great  things 
of  all  industry ;  that  it  has  been  led  to  believe  that  new 
and  miraculous  developments  have  taken  place  which 
will  change  the  entire  course  of  our  living.  Some  of 
this  is  true,  but  a  lot  of  it  isn't.  We  think  particularly 
of  what  is  expected  of  radar,  of  jet  propulsion  and 
helicopters,  and  of  what  is  expected  of  plastics.  And 
we  know  that  people  are  in  for  a  lot  of  disappointment 
because  all  their  expectations  are  not  going  to  be  real- 
ized. In  short,  we've  oversold  ourselves.  That's  why 
the  plastics  industry  must  proceed  carefully  and  with 
deliberate  caution.  Nevertheless,  industry  has  ad- 
vanced because  of  the  war,  and  the  resulting  techno- 
logical achievements  and  industrial  developments  will 
surely  make  some  impact  on  our  lives. 

At  this  point,  it  would  be  well  to  retrogress,  and  to 
recall  some  pre-war  and  war  incidents  which  were  not 
only  odious,  but  harmful  to  the  whole  industry.  We 
refer  especially  to  the  use  of  materials  for  which  they 
were  not  intended,  and  which,  thus,  invariably  failed 
in  service  and  which  just  as  invariably  gave  plastics  a 
black  eye.  Whether  improper  design  was  the  cause, 
or  whether  it  was  ignorance,  the  harm  done  to  plastics 
was  the  same. 

Much  of  the  damage  to  the  industry's  reputation 
could  have  been  avoided  either  by  intelligent  design, 
proper  labelling,  or  by  both.  The  pitfalls,  however, 
are  still  with  us,  and  that  is  why  we  define  the  dangers 
which  are  ahead  if  neither  thought  nor  careful  consid- 
eration is  given  to  the  design  and  the  use  of  materials. 


The  industry  must  accept  the  criticism  and  under- 
take to  correct  the  error,  thus  preparing  itself  for  a 
better  and  stronger  position  in  the  ensuing  days.  It  is 
for  this  reason  that  we  call  attention  to  the  article 
"What  Material  ?",  in  this  issue.  The  message  it  car- 
ries will  have  a  profound  effect  on  every  manufac- 
turer, designer  and  seller  of  plastics  products. 
*  *  * 

THE  intensive  campaign  made  by  American  indus- 
try to  enlist  the  aid  of  employes  in  improving  pro- 
duction techniques  has  borne  much  fruit.  Any  number 
of  companies  have  given  substantial  cash  awards  to 
their  personnel  in  the  shop  for  advancing  useful  sug- 
gestions. Now  comes  an  interesting  example  of  a  man 
who  kept  on  thinking  about  his  plant  even  after  he  was 
inducted  into  the  Army. 

A  private  formerly  employed  by  Westinghouse  Elec- 
tric &  Manufacturing  Company  recently  found  an  un- 
usual type  of  lamp  socket  in  Germany  in  which  he 
thought  his  old  company  would  find  interest.  It  was 
made  of  a  plastics  material,  a  small  alloy  current  con- 
tact being  the  only  metal  used  in  its  construction.  Al- 
though the  company's  engineers  found  the  device  im- 
practical for  American  use,  a  check  was  sent  to  the 
soldier  "in  recognition  of  his  thought  fulness,  and  his 
desire  to  assist  in  the  productive  effort  at  home  while 
he  is  concerned  with  safeguarding  the  American  right 
to  continue  that  productive  effort." 
*  *  * 

IN  THE  rush  of  doing  business  these  days,  we  almost 
lost  sight  of  a  memorable  milestone  in  our  lives — the 
first  anniversary  of  plastics  magazine.  So,  may  we 
take  a  moment  to  wish  our  healthy  and  growing  young- 
ster a  "Happy  Birthday,"  and  to  express  the  hope  that 
it  continues  to  serve  the  plastics  industry  well,  and  to 
make  further  substantial  contribution  to  the  advance- 
ment of  that  industry. 

With  a  year  of  service  under  our  belt,  we  are  better 
able  to  adjust  our  sights  to  the  job  ahead.  We  hope 
that  in  the  days  to  come  our  achievements  and  our  en- 
deavors will  earn  us  ever-increasing  confidence  and 
good-will.  We  are  already  flattered  by  the  wide  ac- 
ceptance of  our  past  efforts,  and  we  trust  our  future 
endeavors  will  be  just  as  well  received.  We,  at  least, 
will  do  everything  in  our  power  to  merit  and  earn  that 
reception. 

It  is  our  desire  to  grow  with  the  industry  as  it  ap- 
proaches industrial  greatness.  And,  it  is  our  intention 
to  extend  every  aid  needed  to  help  the  industry  attain 
that  pinnacle  in  American  industrial  enterprise  for 
which  it  is  definitely  headed.  END 


18 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


We  take  our  own  Kkk  III  the  PffflfS 

—if  we  earn  it! 


Maybe  you  know  the  plastic  mold- 
er's  best  alibi  when  his  shipments  to 
you  go  astray-:— "metal  insert  trouble." 
Either  shipments  to  him  wandering 
off,  or  wandering  tolerances  after 
they  get  there  —  he  says.  Well,  at 
Kurz-Kasch,  we  can't  pass  the  buck 
on  your  plastic  molding  schedule! 
Luckily,  we  don't  have  to  very  often. 
We  take  full  responsibility  for  all 
inserts,  most  of  which  are  made  right 
in  our  plant — all  kinds,  of  all  metals, 
by  all  methods. That  means  that  when 
you  place  your  molding  job  with 


Kurz-Kasch,  you're  also  placing  com- 
plete responsibility  for  that  job  in 
full  —  that  engineering,  mold-mak- 
ing, insert-making,  molding  and 
finishing  will  mesh  together  to  get 
out  specified  quantities  at  stated  times 
widiout  excuses. 

All  these  facilities  are  grouped 
under  one  roof  in  one  of  the  largest, 
best-equipped  exclusive  custom  mold- 
ing plants  in  the  country — and  our 
Dayton,  Ohio,  address  makes  it 
mighty  convenient.  We'll  let  our  28- 
year-old  record  of  service  to  Ameri- 


can industry  speak  for  the  caliber  of 
our  work.  What  we  want  to  say  is — 
if  you  have  molded  plastics  on  your 
mind,  talk  it  over  with  a  Kurz-Kasch 
engineer.  No  obligation — just  ask. 

"A  Businessman's  Guide 
to  the  Molding  of  Plastics" 


Send  for  your  free 
copy  of  (his  illus- 
trated brochure. 
Just  write  to  Dept. 
7  on  \mir  letter- 
head and  we'll 
send  it  with  our 
compliments. 


Kurz-Kasch 


For  over  28  years  Planners  and  Molders  in  Plastics 

Kurz-Kasch,    Inc.,     1413     South    Broadway,    Daylon    1,    Ohio.     Branch     Sa/««     Offices:     New    York  •   Chicago   •   Detroit 
Indianapolis   •   Lot  Angelei   •   Dallas   •   SI.  Louli   •   Toronto,  Canada.   Export   Offices:    89    Brood    Street,    New   York   City 


JUNE  1945 


I'  L  A  STI1  S 


19 


Vx 


^fetut  SenewA 


broad  range  of  operating  facility  .  .  .  for  shortcuts  to  faster,  smoother,  and  safer 
driving  on  the  line;  plus  the  cancellation  of  field  service  handicaps  that  must 
be  accepted  with  all  other  screws. 

CLUTCH  HEAD'S  straight-walled  recess,  matched  by  the  straight-sided  Type 
"A"  Bit,  accelerates  assembly.  This  "square"  engagement,  as  opposed  to 
tapered  driving,  disposes  of  ride-out  and  the  need  for  end  pressure  .  .  .  thus 
eliminating  at  once  a  fatigue  factor  and  the  hazard  of  slippage.  Then,  the  wide 
roomy  Clutch  is  an  easy-to-hit  target  and  Center  Pivot  entry,  for  automatically 
straight  driving,  quickly  inspires  the  "greenest"  operator  with  speed  born  of 
confidence. 

Equally  important  is  CLUTCH  HEAD'S  simplification  of  field  service. 

It  is  the  only  modern  screw  operative  with  an  ordinary  type  screwdriver  of 
reasonable  accuracy  in  width,  thickness  of  the  blade  being  a  secondary  con- 
sideration. Add  to  this  the  advantage  of  the  Type  "A"  hand  driver  for  the  easy 
withdrawal  of  screws,  undamaged  and  held  securely  by  the  CLUTCH  HEAD 
Lock-On  for  re-use.  It  will  be  found,  too,  that  the  Lock-On  frequently  saves  the 
dis-assembling  of  surrounding  units  by  reaching  into  hard-to-get-at  spots. 


There  are  other  time  and 
money  saving  CLUTCH  HEAD 
features,  includingsimpli- 
fied  60-second  bit  recon- 
ditioning. We  invite  your 
personal  judgment  on 


these  and  will  mail  you, 
on  request,  package 
assortment  of  CLUTCH 
HEAD  Screws,  sample 
Type  "A"  Bit,  and  the 
illustrated  Brochure. 


UNITED  SCREW  AND  BOLT  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO    8  CLEVELAND     1.  NEW  YORK   7 


20 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Cellulose  acetate  shower  head  per- 
forms well  under  normal  conditions; 
pulls  both  bell  and  plate  out  of  shape 
in  excessively  hot  water  which  per- 
mits water  to  splash  out  uncontrolled 


By  £J9ar  /BarloLcl  and  $. 


ucci  ant 

Industrial    Designers 


I  tin 


Choice  of  Proper  Material  and 
Informative  Labelling  Promises 
Elimination  of  the  Unwarranted 
Criticism  of  Plastics  Products 


which  it  was  not  capable  of  performing.  This  was  doubly 
unfortunate,  for  the  public,  being  inexperienced  in  the  ways 
and  characteristics  of  various  plastics,  blamed  the  entire 
industry  for  the  inevitable  failures.  Some  of  the  mistakes 
could  be  charged  to  "growing  pains,"  but,  even  so,  they 
would  not  have  occurred  had  the  designer  used  the  right 
plastics  material  in  the  first  place. 

The  public  must  learn  that  a  misuse  of  plastics  for  one 
item  should  not  condemn  the  entire  industry — they  should  be 
taught  what  to  expect  from  plastics  .  .  .  and  what  not  to 
expect.  This  is  important  to  a  future  healthy  growth  of  the 


WHEN  World  War  II  broke  out,  plastics  were  en- 
thusiastically touted  as  the  solution  to  shortages  of 
such  materials  as  steel,  aluminum,  brass,  etc.  It  was,  ac- 
cordingly, only  a  logical  step  for  thousands  of  firms  to  begin 
exploring  the  possibilities  of  plastics  both  as  substitutions 
and  as  new  applications.  As  a  consequence,  there  soon 
appeared  a  flood  of  articles  under  the  over-all  name, 
"plastics." 

The  industry  itself  did  an  excellent  job.  Theories  were 
turned  into  fact  almost  overnight ;  new  engineering  was  dis- 
covered, investigated,  and  rushed  into  practice.  Many  new- 
ly-formed companies  mushroomed,  while  existing  ones  ex- 
perienced phenomenal  growth.  Plastics  had  "caught  on"  in 
a  big  way ! 

At  the  start  of  the  war,  however,  the  plastics  industry  was 
at  the  "awkward  age."  By  analogy  it  seems  to  have  gone 
through  its  adolescence  in  the  past  few  war  years.  Com- 
paring the  rapid  growth  of  plastics  to  that  of  the  metals  in- 
dustry, plastics  could  rightfully  be  referred  to  as  one  of  the 
modern  phenomena. 

With  its  almost  incredibly  swift  progress,  it  was  inev- 
itable that  some  mistakes  would  be  made  in  plastics.  In 
many  cases  the  fault  lay  in  employing  a  material  for  a  job 


Plastics  and  sponge-rubber  combination  (top)  make  a  func- 
tional letter  moistener.  The  simplified  version  (below)  en- 
deavors to  make  plastics  perform  moistening  and  mop-up 
functions,  fails  in  both  as  plastics  holes  clog  with  glue 


JUNE  194:, 


1'LASTI  CS 


23 


Ideal  for  stirring  long,  cool  drinks,  this  spoon  retains  its  shape  under  normal  use 


Left  on  top  of  a  metal  garden  table,  with  hot  sun  on  it, 
the  spoon  takes  new  forms,  becomes  almost  useless 


Removed  from  drain  after  immersion  in  boiling  water, 
plastics     stopper     flexes     easily,     becomes     flabby 


industry.  Yesterday's  mistakes  must  be  remedied  today,  if 
customers  are  to  be  retained  after  the  war. 

Interviewing  a  vice-president  in  charge  of  sales  for  a  large 
department  store  in  Milwaukee  the  other  day,  the  author 
learned  that  this  man  had  asked  his  buyers  to  be  doubly 
cautious  when  ordering  plastics  composition  merchandise. 
I  )uring  the  conversation,  he  suddenly  proceeded  to  condemn 
plastics  .  .  .  and  without  exception.  Apparently  some- 
where along  the  line  this  man  had  become  prejudiced  against 
the  entire  industry — probably  because  of  a  few  unfortunate 
experiences  in  his  purchases. 

Fortunately,  however,  this  man  is  not  typical  of  all  mer- 
chandisers. One  of  the  largest  mail  order  companies  in 
America  was  questioned  in  this  regard — a  company  through 
whose  Bureau  of  Standards  Division  pass  a  large  number  of 
products  composed  of  a  great  variety  of  materials.  This 
Division  is  headed  and  staffed  by  scientists;  the  gist  of  their 
opinion  on  their  experience  with  plastics  was  to  the  effect 
that  while  the  division  had  had  some  unfortunate  experi- 
ences in  this  respect,  it  would  have  been  highly  unreason- 
able for  them  to  come  to  a  blanket  decision  against  all 
plastics ;  they  felt  that  in  most  of  such  instances  which  they 
had  encountered  the  fault  lay  not  in  the  plastics  itself,  but 
in  the  manufacturer  of  the  item  not  being  sufficiently  con- 
versant with  the  plastics  materials  for  specific  uses.  Had 
the  correct  material  been  used,  they  believed,  the  unfor- 
tunate experiences  would  probably  never  have  occurred. 

One  example  cited  was  a  showerhead,  of  cellulose  acetate, 
which  came  to  the  department  for  approval,  from  the  buyer 
of  such  merchandise.  The  item  functioned  perfectly  under 
all  standard  tests,  providing  a  "fine"  spray,  or  adjusting 
easily  into  a  "coarse"  spray;  fitted  snugly  into  the  existing 
pipe ;  was  color-fast  and  pleasing  in  appearance.  Ribbings 
were  well-engineered  for  strength,  and  at  normal  shower 
temperatures  the  item  worked  splendidly. 

One  of  the  functions  of  all  Standards  Bureaus  being 
to  seek  information  on  the  "unforeseen"  which  often  hap- 
pens, this  Bureau  experimented  to  find  out  what  would 
result  if  the  water  were  turned  from  extreme  hot  to  ex- 
treme cold,  by  a  child,  a  number  of  times.  Under  test  it 
was  found  that  the  item  held  up  perfectly,  adapting  itself 
to  the  rapidly  changing  temperatures  without  cracking.  But 
what  would  happen  if  the  same  (hypothetical)  child  left 


24 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Use  of  plastics  in  combination  with  other  materials  otters  many  advantages.   The  metal-plastics  razor  top  (left)  seems  to  otter 
exactness  of  lit.  low  heat  conduction,  pleasantness  of  touch.     It  fails  to  break  in  5-foot  drop  test  as  did  this  all-plastics  razor 


the  hot  water  running  for  10  min  through  the  showerhead 
at  a  temperature  which  no  human  being  could  endure  ?  The 
Bureau  discovered  the  answer  by  subjecting  the  item  to  a 
10  min  test  of  water  at  140° ;  the  results  are  shown  in  the 
accompanying  photograph.  Bell  and  adjuster  warped  and 
torqued.  While  the  seams  did  not  leak,  they  began  to  gape. 

Under  ordinary  conditions,  this  is  an  excellent  shower 
head.  Only  under  abnormal,  but  possible,  conditions,  it 
failed.  It  accordingly  becomes  obvious  that  every  manu- 
facturer must  know  thoroughly  the  material  and  design 
that  he  plans  to  use,  in  order  to  guard  against  every  pos- 
sible contingency. 

While  instances  of  material  misuse  may,  and  should,  be 
attributed  to  "growing  pains"  of  a  young  industry,  there 
is  also  the  factor  of  negligence  in  not  checking  the  physical 
characteristics  sheets  or  tables  before  proceeding  with  the 
model  and  in  not  testing  the  item  and  labeling  its  limita- 
tions before  putting  it  on  the  market. 

Other  examples  of  the  wrong  kind  of  plastics  being  put 
to  nearly  impossible  tasks  are  found  in  the  Research  Labora- 
tory files,  and  from  these  much  can  be  learned.  Here  are 
a  few : 

Shrinkage  or  warping  due  to  improper  curing,  loss  of 
plasticizer,  or  just  a  natural  aging  of  the  material,  can 
cause  many  a  headache  to  buyers  in  clock  and  hardware 
departments.  Watch  crystals  and  flashlight  lens  falling  out 
cause  ill-will  for  the  mail  order  company,  and  for  the 
plastics  industry.  Many  of  these  failures  originate  in  the 
cellulose  acetate  family.  In  many  cases  cellulose  acetate 
butyrate  (Tenite  II)  is  found  to  give  less  trouble. 

The  mention  of  cellulose  acetate  butyrate  brings  up  the 
problem  of  low  cost  tableware  handles.  After  a  few  years 
of  service,  splitting  frequently  occurs  where  the  plastics 
and  metal  butt.  This  problem  has  not  yet  been  satisfac- 
torily solved,  although  some  design  solutions  have  proved 
better  than  others. 

While  the  existing  formulae  of  cellulose  acetate  afford 
many  advantages  in  the  design  of  tableware — extreme 
toughness,  high  polish,  resilience,  as  well  as  favorable  tac- 
tile sensations  (being  a  low  conductor  of  heat  it  never  gets 
too  hot,  and  the  extremely  smooth  finish  is  pleasant  to 


touch),  there  are  nevertheless  some  disadvantages.  Due  to 
its  average  1.9%  water  absorption,  cellulose  acetate  is  not 
the  most  suitable  material  to  put  into  water.  Water  get- 
ting between  the  metal  and  the  plastics,  and  which  can't 
be  wiped  off  when  drying,  is  probably  the  cause  of  so  much 
splitting.  Though  dilute  alkalies  and  acids  have  only  slight 
effect  on  this  plastics,  strong  solutions  of  these  will  harm 
the  material. 

Undoubtedly,  the  final  solution  will  be  attained  by  the 
collaboration  of  a  chemist  with  a  designer. 

Frictional  contact  between  two  plastics  can  be  a  source  of 
trouble.  Due  to  chipping,  warping,  wearing  down  or 
shrinking,  friction  joints  often  bind  or  fail.  Binding  causal 
the  "lab"  to  reject  a  plumbing  valve  in  which  a  plastics 
valve  moving  against  a  plastics  pipe  made  the  object  im- 
practicable, as  it  would  wedge.  Failure  has  often  been  noted 
on  joints  like  the  screw.  From  experience,  the  lab  often 
prefers  the  use  of  metal  inserts  for  the  plastics  -crews. 
Generally,  there  is  greater  trust  for  the  combination  metal- 
plastics  joint  than  for  all-plastics  joint. 

Plastics  Screw  Forms  Needed 

The  plastics  industry  .sin mid  undertake  a  thorough  study 
of  the  screw  problem.  MOM  plastic-  screws  are  of  the 
double  Y-thread  type.  A  few  use  the  American  National 
Standard  thread.  The  wood  industry  found  long  ago  that  it 
could  not  duplicate  the  metal  screw  in  performance  if  it 
adopted  the  standard  metal  threading.  So  it  developed  its 
own  screw  shapes  such  as  those  used  on  wood  vises,  broom 
handle  joints,  etc.  These  have  served  well.  The  time  may 
now  be  ripe  for  the  plastics  industry  to  develop  its  own 
screw  forms,  with  either  the  Acme  or  Whitworth  threads 
apparently  the  profitable  directions  in  which  to  experiment. 

"Easy  to  break  and  hard  to  mend"  epitomizes  a  problem 
when  purchasing  plastics  items,  with  radio  cabinets  being 
typical  examples  of  what  materials  the  Standards  Lab  is 
asked  to  specify.  Prior  to  the  war,  many  radio  shops  han- 
dled a  separate  line  of  plastics  radio  cabinets,  so  that  by 
now  enough  experience  has  been  gained  to  permit  a  broad 
general  conclusion  regarding  the  materials  which  would  do 
the  job  best.  The  determining  factor  between  breakage  and 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTICS 


25 


Proper  cautioning  on  this  soap  dish  advises  against  its  use  in  boil- 
ing water.  Informative  labelling  minimizes  criticisms  of  plastics 

non-breakage  in  cabinets  is  the  plastics'  ability  to  absorb 
mechanical  energy.  Experience  and  impact  strength  tests 
reveal  phenolics  often  to  be  better  than  ureas  for  this  pur- 
pose. The  solution  lies  in  the  use  of  stronger  materials — 
and  perhaps  a  new  type  of  design  for  resisting  impact. 

The  results  of  experience  can  often  be  predicted  by  study- 
ing any  chart  or  graph  on  the  various  physical  and  chemical 
characteristics  of  a  material. 

An  example  of  the  wrong  use  of  plastics  for  the  job  con- 
stitutes mystery.  It  seems  that  a  salesman  in  Mississippi 
sold  a  group  of  barracked  soldiers  some  formfit  coat-hangers 
practically  guaranteeing  the  soldiers  a  saving  of  hours  of 
work  saved  in  pressing  their  uniforms.  So  they  hung 
their  uniforms  on  the  hangers,  but,  on  a  very  hot  day,  on 
entering  the  barracks  they  found  their  uniforms  on  the 
floor.  The  culprit?  Investigation  revealed  that  methyl- 


•S& 


\prlest 


ot 
not 


intere 


This  newspaper  item  is  definitely  damaging  to  plastics. 
Proper  design  and  labelling  may  have  avoided  the  charges 


methacrylate,  the  substance  used  for  the  hangers,  had  flexed 
just  enough  in  the  heat  to  permit  the  uniforms  to  slip  off 
and  drop  to  the  floor.  It  might  be  wise  to  review  here  (for 
the  coat-hanger  maker  and  his  salesmen  who  might  read 
this  article)  the  plastics  materials  which  could  have  been 
better  used  because  of  their  heat-resistant  properties:  (1) 
polystyrene;  (2)  general-purpose  phenolics;  (3)  low  loss, 
acid  and  alkali-resistant  phenolics;  (4)  acetate-butyrate ; 
(5)  ethyl  cellulose  and  cellulose-acetate. 

Combination  Design  Advantageous 

Plastics  in  combination  with  another  material  often  gives 
better  functional  service  than  either  of  the  materials  by  it- 
self. This  might  well  be  the  case  with  the  plastics  razor, 
the  first  of  which  had  many  drawbacks.  For  instance,  tile 
floors  and  falling  razors  were  entirely  incompatable.  In 
addition,  the  plastics  either  warped  or  changed  form  when 
left  under  very  hot  water  for  long  periods.  The  difficulty 
was  overcome  by  using  a  combination  material  razor  having 
a  metal  head  and  a  plastics  arm.  Together  they  make  a 
fine  team — metal  for  precision,  plastics  for  pleasantness  of 
touch,  low  heat  transmission,  color. 

Plastics  belt  buckles  or  buttons  have  come  in  for  more 
than  their  share  of  criticism.  Though  most  plastics  buttons 
are  made  of  vegetable  ivory  or  casein,  other  materials  are 
used,  and  these  as  a  general  rule,  eventually  cause  trouble 
because  they  will  either  crack,  chip,  or  break  down  under 
a  "tub  beating."  An  interesting  illustration  is  made  in  con- 
'nection  with  rejection  based  on  the  use  of  a  shellac  resin 
button  fixed  to  a  blue  rayon  (acetate  and  viscose).  For 
some  reason  the  chemistry  of  the  button  caused  the  rayon 
to  change  its  color  to  purple  when  they  came  in  contact. 
This  points  to  an  interesting  problem.  Though  plastics 
colors  have  not  caused  much  trouble,  new  difficulties  may 
be  created  when  some  colored  plastics  are  used  in  com- 
bination with  other  materials.  Such  reactions  as  the  one 
just  cited,  though  not  common,  indicate  that  extensive  re- 
search and  testing  still  are  necessary  if  plastics  is  to  keep 
its  place  in  the  post-war  industrial  picture. 

Industrial  design  in  combination  with  modern  chemistry 
can  provide  better-functioning  products.  A  good  example 
where  both  features  were  never  considered  in  combination 
is  a  Venetian  blind  which  recently  underwent  test.  Good 
industrial  design  would  have  formed  the  slats  of  the  blind 
into  gentle  radii  for  strength.  Good  chemistry  would  have 
assured  that  the  material  was  heat-resistant  for  sag  resist- 
ance. Neither  being  employed  the  outcome  was  sag,  the 
rejection  was  inevitable,  and  some  plastics  manufacturer 
lost  a  sale. 

Dishes  and  glasses,  when  made  of  thermosetting  plastics, 
should  have  warnings  attached  or  stamped  on  them  regard- 
ing their  use.  Informative  labeling  protects  the  customer, 
safeguards  the  company.  Thermosetting  plastics,  though 
costing  more,  would  be  better. 

Toys  are  always  up  for  particular  and  critical  scrutiny 
by  buyers.  Children  always  find  how  to  do  the  wrong  thing 
with  a  toy !  Even  the  best  trained  researcher  of  the  mail 
order  house  Lab  fails  occasionally  on  predicting  possible 
outcomes,  and  one  of  the  Lab  men  told  the  following  story 
on  himself.  Recently  when  out  of  town  he  wished  to  bring 
his  2-year  old  daughter  a  present.  Looking  thru  a  gift 
shop  he  found  a  handsome  little  plastics  wagon,  colorful  and 
gay,  strong  and  light.  He  purchased  the  toy,  took  it  home, 
much  to  the  delight  of  his  daughter.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
she  liked  it  so  well  that  within  two  weeks  she  had  literally 
eaten  the  urea-formaldehyde  (and  an  overdose  of  sawdust) 
wheels  right  off ! 

This  man  didn't  say  of  what  material  the  next  toy  he 
bought  for  his  daughter  would  be,  but  there  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  it  will  not  be  plastics.     This  experience  would 
(Continued  on  page  131) 


26 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


navy  trimmings 


'Irnilr  trim  by 
.inliiirn  Hnl/i'ti 
Worts,  Inc.,  ami 
h.\lindt  it  I'liiitin,  If 
jMrgtifihvHf  by 
M 1 1 1 1  mil  it  Hros.,  In 


Kim.  mouthpiece,  and  handle  of  the  Navy  mega- 
phone are  produced  from  black  Tenite,  by  extru- 
sion and  injection -molding.  Extruded  in  a  V- 
shaped  profile, Tenite  rim  stock  is  coiled  to  shape 
while  still  plastic  for  convenient  handling  and 
.ISM mbly.  When  cut  to  lengths,  it  is  slipped  over 
the  edge  of  the  coated  paper  megaphone  and  ce- 
mented in  place.  The  ends  are  bonded  together 
with  an  acetone  solution.  The  molded  mouth- 
piece is  also  cemented;  the  molded  handle  is 
fastened  to  the  side  by  rivets. 

Tenite  is  extruded  in  a  wide  variety  of  strip, 
angle,  and  channel  shapes.  Available  in  all  colors, 
it  makes  decorative  as  well  as  functional  trim  for 
furniture,  wallboard,  terrazzo  flooring,  and  glass 


doors.  Extruded  in  tubular  form,  this  tough.  \ir- 
tually  unbreakable-  plastic  is  proving  suitable  for 
many  types  of  conduits,  rollers,  handles,  and  ion- 
laineis.  To  obtain  further  information  about  the 
uses  of  Tenite,  write  TENNESSEE  EASTMAN 
CORPORATION  (Subsidiary  of  Eastman  Kodak 
Company),  KINGSPORT,  TENNESSEE. 


n 


1ITE 

an  Eastman  Plastic 


Electrically  Speaking! 


Qerard  -A.  -Albert 


Sales  and  Development  Engineer 
National  Vulcanized  Fibre  Co. 


Plastics  Can  Be  Utilized  More 
Efficiently  By  Full  Knowledge 
of  its  Electrical  Properties 


FOR  an  intelligent  application  of  plastics  and  other 
materials  for  insulation,  a  knowledge  of  electrical 
properties,  as  well  as  the  significance  of  these  properties, 
is  essential.  While  scientific  discussions  of  the  electrical 
properties  of  insulating  materials  are  available,  their  ap- 
proach generally  is  directed  to  the  technically-versed  reader. 
This  article,  however,  is  intended  to  explain,  in  non-tech- 
nical language,  the  significance  of  the  more  important  elec- 
trical properties  of  insulating  materials,  and  the  meaning 
of  the  tests  which  measure  these  properties.  Everyone 
knows  that  you  can  make  the  same  statistics  mean  more 
than  one  thing.  The  same  are  relatively  true  for  test  figures 
because  these  latter  also  mean  nothing  unless  the  very  spe- 
cial conditions  under  which  they  are  obtained  are  explained. 
The  principal  electrical  properties  of  insulating  materials 
are :  dielectric  strength,  power  factor,  phase  angle,  loss  an- 
gle, dielectric  constant,  loss  factor,  insulation  resistance, 
volume  resistance,  volumetric  resistivity,  and  surface  re- 
sistance. Each  of  these  various  terms  will  be  treated  in 
the  following  paragraphs. 

Dielectric  Strength 

Dielectric  strength  is  a  measure  of  the  amount  of  voltage 
(electrical  pressure)  that  a  plastics  or  other  insulating 
material  can  be  subjected  to  before  it  fails.  It  is  measured 
by  placing  a  sheet  specimen  between  metal  electrodes  and 
increasing  the  voltage  until  electrical  failure  or  breakdown 


1000 

900 

000 
TOO 
*00 
SOO 
4+o 
300 

J 

• 
t- 

\ 

o 

\ 

F 

z 
lu 

\ 

t> 

U 

K 

1- 

X 

XX.  f*H£NOLIC    LAMINATED 

^ 

^ 

•^^ 

U 

w 

J 
u 

0 

^^ 

—  -  — 

--    -^ 

—     — 

THICKMC99  -MIUS 

XO       to       *o 


00         IZO         14-0        IAO        100         Soo       ZZQ 


Figure  I 

Fig.   1.  Variation  of  dielectric  strength  of  Grade 
XX  Phenolic  Laminated  (Phenolite)  with  thickness 

occurs.  The  dielectric  strength  is  obtained  by  dividing  the 
breakdown  voltage  value  by  the  thickness  of  the  specimen. 
For  instance,  suppose  a  %6"  thick  (.062")  sheet  specimen 
broke  down  at  31,000  volts.  Its  dielectric  strength  would 
be  31,000  volts  divided  by  .062"  (62  mils)  or  500  volts  per 
mil.  The  dielectric  strength  may  also  be  expressed  in  other 
units  such  as  kilovolts  per  inch  and  volts  per  centimeter. 

This  test,  like  all  others,  is  affected  by  several  factors : 
temperature,  rate  of  application  of  voltage,  frequency  of 
voltage,  shape  and  size  of  electrodes,  thickness  of  specimen 
under  test,  moisture,  impurities,  etc.  Fig.  1  shows  how 
the  dielectric  strength  of  Grade  XX  laminated  phenolic 
sheet  material  (Phenolite)  varies  with  thickness.  The  qual- 
ity of  the  specimens  of  all  thicknesses  was  identical  and  the 
tests  were  made  with  the  same  equipment,  following  the 
same  procedure.  Notice  that  the  dielectric  strength  of 
.020"  thick  material  is  1000  volts  per  mil,  whereas  a  %" 
thick  specimen  of  the  same  grade  is  510  volts  per  mil.  For 
this  reason  dielectric  strength  of  an  insulating  material 


Better  performance  of  the  radio  condenser  and  the  polenoid  relay  is  assured  by  the  use  of  the  correct  plastics  for  insulation, 
which  in  these  parts  is  Grade  XXP  "Phenolite."    Laboratory    tests  give   designers  accurate   evaluation   of   each   material 


28 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


FROM 


PLASTICS 


PRODUCTS 


means  little  if  thickness  is  not  specified. 

If  the  insulating  material  has  weak  spots,  such  as  are 
found  in  some  thin  insulating  materials,  its  dielectric 
strength  is  affected  by  the  size  of  the  electrodes — the  larger 
the  electrode  the  lower  the  breakdown  voltage.  However, 
if  the  insulating  material  is  thick  and  homogeneous,  the 
size  of  the  electrode  does  not  alter  its  breakdown  or  punc- 
ture voltage.  Fig.  2  illustrates  how  the  dielectric  strength 
of  .012"  thick  varnished  cambric  and  l/s,"  thick  hard  rubber 
is  affected  by  electrode  size. 

Since  insulating  materials  are  used  under  many  different 
conditions,  it  would  be  an  endless  task  to  test  them  under 
each  and  every  condition.  Accordingly,  the  dielectric 
strength  test,  as  is  the  case  with  all  other  tests,  is  made 
with  a  standard  test  procedure.  Such  standard  test  pro- 
cedures are  formulated  only  after  careful  consideration  of 
all  influencing  factors  by  a  technical  organization  com- 
posed of  both  suppliers  and  consumers.  This  organization 
is  the  American  Society  for  Testing  Materials  (ASTM). 
Committee  D-9  of  the  ASTM  formulated  all  test  proce- 
dures for  electrical  insulating  materials. 

Power  Factor 

When  an  insulating  material  is  exposed  to  an  alternat- 
ing electric  field,  energy  is  dissipated  in  the  volume  of  the 
insulator  (dielectric)  in  the  form  of  heat.  The  measure  of 
this  energy  lost  in  the  insulating  material  is  designated  as 
power  factor.  In  most  applications  of  insulating  materials 
it  is  important  that  this  energy  or  dielectric  loss  be  very 
low.  This  is  especially  true  for  high  frequency  applications 
such  as  radio,  television  and  radar  and  also  for  high  volt- 
age applications  at  60  cycles  (commercial  power  frequency) 
such  as  large  power  cable  networks,  insulators,  and  bush- 
ings. Even  for  plastics  and  other  insulating  materials  not 
intended  for  electrical  insulation,  the  power  factor  measure- 
ment is  important  for  since  it  is  very  sensitive  to  changes 
in  composition,  it  is  a  criterion  of  quality  uniformity.  Low 


Barker  &  Williamson  induction  coils  ior  radio  installations  em- 
ploy Celanese  "Lumarith"  at  four  radial  points  ior  insulation 


The   Tenite-covered   floor 
outlet  is  a  modernized  version 
of  the  older  brass  fitting  at  the  right 


frequency  power  factor  measurements  (1000  cycles  per  sec) 
are  used  to  measure  the  degree  of  impregnation  of  certain 
laminated  plastics  because  the  power  factor  change  between 
the  dry  and  wet  condition  after  immersion  in  water  for  24 
hours  is  an  excellent  indication  of  degree  of  resin  impreg- 
nation in  the  base  material. 

Every  insulating  material  exposed  to  an  alternating  elec- 
tric field  (AC  current)  has  the  capacity  to  store  energy  in 
itself  during  half  of  the  time  (increasing  voltage)  and  to 
again  return  this  energy  to  the  electrical  circuit  during 
the  remainder  of  the  time  (decreasing  voltage).  A  mechan- 
ical analogy  of  this  energy  storing  and  returning  is  the 
compression  and  recoiling  of  a  spring.  Just  as  energy  is 
lost  in  the  spring  due  to  friction,  electrical  energy  is  lost 
in  the  insulating  material  (dielectric),  but  in  this  case  due 
to  more  involved  causes. 

Phase  and  Loss  Angle 

If  the  dielectric  losses  of  an  insulating  material  were 
zero,  the  peak  values  of  the  alternating  voltage  and  current 
waves  impressed  on  it  would  be  90  electrical  degrees  apart. 
However,  if  dielectric  losses  occur,  these  peak  values  are 
no  longer  90°  apart  but  something  less.  This  angular  sep- 
aration of  the  peak  voltage  and  current  waves  of  an  imper- 
fect insulating  material  is  known  as  the  phase  angle.  The 
number  of  electrical  degrees  the  current  and  voltage  waves 
in  an  imperfect  insulating  material  are  distorted  from  90° 
due  to  dielectric  losses  is  called  loss  angle.  In  other  words, 


TABLE  1 — Power  Factor  and  Dielectric  Constant  Ranges 
of   Solid   Insulating    Materials   at   Room   Temperature 


Material 


Measured  at  1000  kc  (1,000,000  cycles) 
Power  Dielectric 

Factor  Constant 


Hard  rubber 

Polystyrene 

Cellulose  acetate  (sheeting) 

Ethyl  cellulose 

Vulcanized  fibre 

Phenolic  laminated,  Grade  XXX  . . 
Melamine  Fiberglas  laminate.... 

Molded  phenolic  (No  Filler) 

Methyl  Methacrylate 

Cold  molded  (non-refractory) .... 
Casein 


....0.003— .008.. 
...0.0001— .0008. 

0.04— .09... 

0.007— .03... 

0.03— .07... 

0.02— .03... 

0.013— .018.. 

0.015— .04... 

0.015— .025.. 

0.07 

0.05— .06... 


3.0 — 3.5 

2.5—2.7 

3.0—5.0 

2.0—3.0 

4.0—7.0 

4.0—4.8 

6.0—7.0 

4.5—5.0 

2.7—3.2 

6.0... 

6.0—7.0 


30 


JUNE  1945 


Laboratory  apparatus  such  as  this  100,000  volts  high  tension  test- 
ing machine  discloses  one  characteristic  of  laminated  plastics 


loss,  angle  plus  phase  angle  equals  90°.  Power  factor  of 
an  insulating  material  is  defined  by  the  trigonometric  ex- 
pression—cosine of  phase  angle.  In  most  commercial  in- 
sulating materials  the  dielectric  losses  are  low  (small  loss 
angle)  and  hence  power  factor  can  be  expressed  by  the 
more  convenient  trigonometric  expression — tangent  of  loss 
angle.  A  tabulation  of  the  power  factor  values  of  some 
commercial  insulating  materials  is  shown  in  Fig.  1.  Be- 
cause in  the  manufacturing  of  insulating  materials  chemi- 
cals are  added  to  yield  definite  physical  characteristics,  its 
electrical  values  are  affected.  This  table  shows  the  com- 
mercial range  of  values. 

Most  people  have  experienced  the  effect  of  high  power 
factor  insulation  when  tuning  a  poorly  insulated  radio  re- 
ceiver. If  the  tuning  condenser  insulation  has  high  power 
factor  several  programs  will  be  heard  together  which  can- 
not be  tuned  out.  If  the  insulation  has  low  power  factor 
(low  dielectric  loss),  the  program  will  not  only  be  louder 
but  each  station  can  be  clearly  tuned  in  or  out  by  turning 
the  dial  through  only  a  few  divisions. 

Dielectric  Constant 

Some  insulating  materials  have  the  ability  to  store  more 
energy  in  themselves  for  the  same  impressed  voltage  than 
others.  A  measure  of  the  amount  of  stored  up  electrostatic 
energy  in  the  insulating  material  is  "dielectric  constant." 


TABLE    2 — Volume    Resistivities    of    Solid    Insulating 
Materials  at  Room  Temperature 

Volume  Resistivity 
Material  (nugohm-cm) 

Ivory 200 

Shellac  compound 2,000 

Ethyl  cellulose 1 0,000,000 

Hard  rubber 5,000,000 

Phenolic  molding  (no  filler) 3,000,000 

Phenolic  laminated,  grade  XX 40,000,000 

Cellulose  acetate  (sheeting) 1 00,000 

Vulcanized  fibre 1 50,000 

Celluloid 20,000 

Fu»ed  quartz 5,000,000,000,000 

Gla««  plate 4,000,000 

Polystyrene 1 ,000,000,000,000 


This  is  an  important  property,  especially  when  choosing  an 
insulating  material  for  static  condensers.  With  a  high 
dielectric  constant  insulating  material  the  condenser  will 
have  a  higher  capacity  than  one  of  the  same  physical  dimen- 
sions using  an  insulating  material  of  a  low  dielectric  con- 
stant. 

The  dielectric  constant  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  the  elec- 
trical capacitance  of  a  sheet  insulating  specimen  provided 
with  metal  foil  electrodes  and  the  capacitance  between  the 
same  electrodes  having  the  specimen  replaced  by  air.  The 
dielectric  constants  of  many  commercial  insulating  mate- 
rials are  listed  in  Table  1. 

Loss  Factor 

In  comparing  insulating  materials  of  different  dielectric 
constants,  the  loss  factor  gives  a  truer  picture  of  their 
dielectric  losses  than  power  factor.  Loss  factor  is  defined 
as  a  product  of  power  factor  and  dielectric  constant. 

Insulation   Resistance 

When  a  direct  current  voltage  (electrical  pressure)  is 
impressed  upon  an  insulating  material,  an  electric  current 
will  flow  both  through  the  volume  of  the  material  and  also 
over  its  surfaces.  The  magnitude  of  this  current  flow  for 
any  insulating  part  depends  upon  the  voltage  applied  and 
its  insulation  resistance.  To  determine  the  insulation  re- 
sistance of  any  insulating  member  it  is  only  necessary  to 
know  the  magnitude  of  the  impressed  voltage  and  to  meas- 
ure the  current  that  flows  between  metal  electrodes  attached 
to  the  insulating  part  under  test.  This  leakage  current 
consists  of  two  parts,  that  which  flows  through  the  volume 
of  the  insulator  and  that  which  flows  over  its  surfaces. 

Volume   Resistance 

Volume  resistance  is  determined  by  measuring  only  the 
current  that  flows  through  the  volume  of  the  material  under 
test — excluding  the  current  which  flows  over  its  surfaces. 
Volume  resistance  is  defined  as  the  ratio  of  the  voltage 
applied  to  the  current  that  flows  through  its  volume  as  a 
result  of  this  voltage.  It  is  usually  expressed  in  megohms 
(1,000,000  ohms). 

Volumetric  Resistivity 

Volumetric  resistivity  of  an  insulating  material  is  the 
volume  resistance  of  a  unit  cube  of  the  material ;  that  is,  it 
is  the  measure  of  the  resistance  of  the  material  itself  and 
not  the  shape  of  the  part  in  question.  It  is  computed  by 


1*00 
I+OO 
1*00 
I  000 
too 

free 

*°0 
COO 

J 

^ 

r  b 

\§ 

\ 

I 

X 

(T 

"V 

1  1 

^ 

£."*« 

fc 

u 

k 

TH«T. 

MAKC 

>  (7UOBCI7 

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0<* 

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ir  or  CLrc 

TICOQ 

CS  -1MB. 

Fig.  2.  Dielectric  strength  of  varnished  cambric  and  hard  rubber 
with  test  electrodes  oi  different  diameters  (taken  irom  D-9.  ASTM) 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTiCS 


81 


A   capacitance  bridge   for  measuring  power  factor 
and     dielectric     constant     of     insulating     materials 

reducing  the  measured  volume  resistance  to  a  unit  cube 
basis.  It  is  usually  expressed  as  megohm-centimeters  or 
megohm-inches.  In  Table  2  are  listed  the  volumetric  re- 
sistivities of  some  common  insulating  materials.  Volume 
resistance  measurements  like  power  factor  are  many  times 
made  for  judging  the  uniformity  of  the  material  and  also 
for  estimating  the  amount  of  impurities.  Hence  many  spec- 
ifications state  that  the  volumetric  resistivity  shall  lie  within 
certain  limits  or  shall  not  be  less  than  a  specified  value.  In 
Fig.  3  are  shown  the  variations  of  the  volume  resistivity 
of  y8"  thick  Grade  XX  laminated  phenolic  and  %"  thick 
clear  plate  glass  with  changes  in  temperature. 

Surface  Resistance 

The  insulation  resistance  of  most  insulators  is  very  good 
under  dry  conditions,  but  becomes  poor  when  exposed  to 
damp  air,  because  their  surface  resistance  changes.  All  in- 
sulating materials  except  waxy  ones  when  exposed  to  the 
air  absorb  moisture  on  their  surfaces  in  a  continuous  film 
depending  upon  the  relative  humidity.  In  some  insulating 
materials  this  absorbed  moisture  dissolves  some  of  the 
salts  from  the  material  itself  or  from  the  dirt  on  the  sur- 
face, thus  making  a  conducting  surface  film.  In  other  plas- 
tics materials  the  surface  moisture  is  absorbed  into  the 
material  and  there  causes  a  conducting  inner  layer  which 
becomes  thicker  with  time  of  exposure  to  the  damp  air, 

Polystyrene  battery  case  is  resistant  to  acids 


10       20     3D    4-0     30      lac      ^O     &O     9O      loo    MO     I?O 


Fig.   3.    Temperature   effect   on   volume   resistivity  of 
Grade  XX  Phenolic  Laminated  and  Clear  Glass  Plate 

with  a  corresponding  lowering  of  resistance.  Table  3 
shows  a  lowering  of  surface  resistance  of  some  insulating 
materials  when  taken  from  25%  relative  humidity  air  to 
90%  relative  humidity  air. 

Notice  that  some  materials,  like  fused  quartz,  have  a  very 
high  volume  resistivity  but  a  very  low  surface  resistance  in 
damp  air.  Quartz  is  "wetted"  by  moisture,  that  is,  moisture 
condensed  on  its  surface  makes  a  continuous  film,  whereas 
on  some  other  materials  the  surface  moisture  breaks  up 
into  small  separated  globules,  with  the  result  that  its  surface 
and  hence  insulation  resistance  is  not  greatly  reduced. 

Since  the  successful  performance  of  electrical  apparatus 
depends  upon  the  insulation  used,  the  foregoing  discussion 
should  aid  those  responsible  for  the  selection  of  the  proper 
insulating  materials.  END 

TABLE  3 — Surface  Resistances  of  Seme  Solid  Insulating 
Materials' 

Surface  Resistance— Megohms 
Material  (15%  Relative  Humidity)          (90%  Relative  Humidity) 

Ivory 10,000 50 

Celluloid 1 00,000 1 ,000 

Marble 1 00,000 10 

Plate  glass 1 00,000,000 20 

Amber 1 ,000,000,000 1 00,000 

Fused  quartz 1,000,000,000 100 

Ceresin 1 00,000,000,000 1 00,000,000,000 

'Taken  from  D-9  of  ASTM 


32 


JUNE  1945 


PENACOLITE 


Though  our  hat  is  tipped  to  the  soulless  little  bolts  of  matter 
that  move  the  world,  we  must  point  out  that  it  was  Penn- 
sylvania Goaf  Products  Company  research  men,  in  Penacolite 
laboratories  who  mada  them  behave  properly. 
In  developing  the  formulae  and  production  techniques  that 
made  possible  low  temperature,  neutral  phenolic  adhesives 
...  in  evolving  the  first  commercially  feasible  resorcin  ad- 
hesive, it  was  our  "know  how"  born  of  years  of  experience 
that  turned  the  trick. 


Resin  users  daily  depend  upon  that  same  experience.  When  faced  with  prob- 
lems in  resins  (phenol,  urea,  melamine,  resorcin,  and  aldehydes)  they  consult 
us,  confident  of  impartial  answers,  tailored  to  their  process  and  its  economics. 

Frankly,  we  benefit  more  from  the  solution  of  their  problems  than  they  do. 
For  it  is  our  constant  contact  with  problems  in  the  field  that  enriches  our 
background  and  permits  us  to  keep  the  quality  and  performance  of  our  own 
products  outstanding. 


For  Complete  Information: 

PENNSYLVANIA  COAL  PRODUCTS  COMPANY 

PETROLIA,   PENNSYLVANIA 
55  West  42nd  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

JUNE  1945  PLASTICS 


88 


Light  Without  Power 


a  oL 


evinc 


PLASTICS  Editorial  Staff 


Phosphorescent  and  fluorescent  lighting  promise  more 
advantages  in  household  items,  various  instruments 


A  "before  and  after  effect" — evidence  of  the  lighting  avail- 
able in  the  phosphorescent  night  table  cover  and  light 
switch  plate.  Both  are  products  of  the  Century  Lighting  Com- 
pany and  are  made  from  adhesive-backed  plastics  sheeting 


RESINS  which  act  both  as  vehicles  for  pigments  and 
as  protective  coats  are  now  being  incorporated  by 
means  of  a  new  process  into  a  plastics  sheeting  used  for 
fluorescent  or  phosphorescent  effects. 

Although  at  the  present  time  most  of  the  sheeting  pro- 
duced is  devoted  only  to  military  purposes,  a  small  quan- 
tity is  trickling  into  the  production  of  goods  for  civilian 
consumption,  with  one  of  the  most  useful  items  made  now 
for  the  home  being  a  phosphorescent  night  table  cover.  A 
reading  lamp  placed  on  the  cover  furnishes  the  necessary 
activation,  so  that  when  the  lamp  is  turned  out,  the  sheet 
gives  off  a  glow  by  which  it  is  possible  to  see  an  alarm 
clock  or  whatever  else  is  on  the  cover,  in  silhouette. 

The  only  other  household  article  made  at  the  present  time 
is  a  small  cutout  of  adhesive-backed  plastics  sheeting  de- 
signed to  fit  over  a  conventional  light  switch  plate,  so  that 
the  switch  lever  projects  through  it.  The  normal  lighting 
in  the  course  of  the  evening  activates  the  sheet,  and  it 
glows  after  the  lights  are  turned  off.  Should  it  be  neces- 
sary to  get  out  of  bed  during  the  night,  one  can  easily  lo- 
cate the  switch  in  the  dark — without  stumbling  into 
dressers  and  fumbling  around  the  wall. 

The  sheeting  can  be  supplied  by  the  manufacturers  in 
rolls  of  tape  with  an  adhesive  backing,  so  that  it  is  ready 
for  immediate  application.  But  if  permanent  installation 
is  necessary,  it  is  sent  to  laminators  who  form  it  into  rigid, 
durable  plaques  or  signal  panels.  The  sheeting  is  resistant 
to  sunlight,  water,  heat,  and  sudden  changes  of  weather, 
and  as  it  contains  no  phosphorous  or  radioactive  ingre- 
dients, it  presents  no  hazard  in  handling. 

Laminators  will  be  especially  interested  in  the  following 
properties  of  the  plastics  sheeting :  It  requires  little  storage 
space  and  can  be  stored  almost  indefinitely  without  danger 
of  deterioration,  stiffening,  or  cracking.  It  can  be  cut  easily 
with  a  scissors  and  can  be  supplied  with  any  desired  type 
of  fluorescent  or  phosphorescent  pigment.  It  has  no  pig- 
ment particles  on  the  surface,  thus  giving  the  maximum 
brightness. 

The  manufacturers,  Century  Lighting  Co.,  New  York 
City,  believe  that  after  the  war  the  adhesive-backed  sheet- 
ing will  be  replaced  in  the  main  by  the  laminate-like  form, 
for  which  some  suggested  uses  are  luminescent  switch- 
boards, dials,  inlays  for  night  tables  and  radios,  stripping 
on  beds  and  dressers,  and  all-purpose  phosphorescent  pan- 
eling. 

For  present  military  purposes  the  sheeting  is  laminated 
for  long-time  wear  between  two  vinyl  chloride-acetate 
sheets  into  such  articles  as  signal  panels,  markers  indicat- 
ing exits  for  use  in  ship  holds  should  the  power  fail,  and 
dials  for  aircraft  instrument  panels. 

To  understand  clearly  its  use  in  aircraft  it  is  first  im- 
(Continu-ed  on  page  130) 


34 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


THE  GENIUS  TO  CREATE 


THE  SKILL  TO  PR  0  D  U  C 


-' 

BRi 

•fSfcSB 


'-,'•- 

, 

>,v..r:..-.  V 

11  -     i  .•  •       M 
a      ..      ,..•   •  ••  H 

••  -  I H  •*--  *••",'• 


9       •  m  •  '••'••-•-'','Wm  -:- 

\  m  W* 

I--:     SHB 


Vjombining  exceptional  sales  appeal  with  artistic 
craftsmanship  the  Fountain  Shaving  Brush  display  is  one  of  the 
newest  creations  of  our  designing  department    It  represents 
"Plasticreation"  at  its  best,  effectively  translating  originality 
of  design   into   beautiful  and  practical  plastic  fabrication. 

The  other  items  shown— from  the  novel  beverage  dispenser 
to  the  attractive  display  fixtures, cigarette  holder 
and  wastebasket— typify  the  wide  range 
of  application  of  "Plasticreation"  to 
^.  meet    requirements   of  modern 

utility  as  well   as   to  achieve 
unusual  decorative  effects . . . 


JAY    TYSON 


CREATIVE     DESIGNEK 


735  CARNEGIE  AVE.  •   CLEVELAND  15,  OHIO 


Beautifully  Coated  Textiles   Offer 
Wide  Appeal  in  Many  Applications 


THE  war  has  made  many  demands  upon  the  synthetic 
coatings  industry  and  they  have  been  met  with  out- 
standing success.  Plastics  coatings  on  cotton,  synthetic 
yarns,  combinations  of  the  two,  and  on  paper,  have  been 
developed  to  give  superlative  performance.  Coated  fab- 
rics are  now  tailor-made  to  withstand  high  hydrostatic 
pressure,  to  be  fireproof  and  mildew-resistant,  to  possess 
good  flexibility  at  extremely  low  temperatures,  and  to  re- 
sist blocking  and  plasticizer  exudation  at  high  tempera- 
tures. Excellent  abrasion  resistance  and  long  flex-life  are 
also  properties  of  prime  importance  which  can  be  readily 
supplied. 

The  application  of  coatings  to  textiles  for  purposes  of 
protection  or  decoration  is  not  new.  The  "cloth-of-gold" 
worn  in  King  Arthur's  day  was  nothing  more  than  crude 
sheeting  heavily  covered  with  equally  crude  paint  or  dye. 


The  use  of  synthetic  coatings  did  not  really  begin,  how- 
ever, until  1855  when  an  Englishman  named  Alexander 
Parks  combined  cellulose  nitrate  with  some  gums  and  a 
softener  to  form  a  varnish-like  protective  covering.  By 
1882,  with  such  scientists  as  John  Stevens,  Hyatt,  Fields 
and  Hale  taking  the  lead,  a  large  number  of  other  plas- 
tics suitable  as  coatings  were  discovered.  When,  late  that 
year,  it  was  found  that  pigments  and  bronzes  could  be 
added  to  these  synthetics  to  form  beautiful  surfaces,  the 
future  of  the  industry  was  assured. 

Today  there  are  a  good  many  of  these  coating  materials. 
Probably  the  most  commonly  used  and  adaptable  of  all  the 
synthetic  coating  compounds  is  cellulose  nitrate.  Impor- 
tant because  of  its  low  cost  and  the  fact  that  it  is  readily 
soluble  in  an  infinite  number  of  solvents  and  that  it  has  a 
high  softening  temperature,  it  has  been  used  for  airplane 


Almost  any  type  of  fabric  may  be  plastics  coated.    Here  are  a  few  samples  ranging  irom  sheer  nylon  lo  heavy  duck. 


&& 


enamn 


£  &Je 


Superintendent,    Plastics   Coated    Fabrics 
Division,  The  Western   Shade  Cloth  Co. 

laliric  dopes,  automobile  and  furniture  finishes,  artificial 
leather,  and  to  form  a  multitude  of  moisture-proof  and 
decorative  coatings. 

Other  synthetics  used  for  coatings  include  the  alkyd 
n-Miis.  acrylate  and  methacrylate  resins,  ethyl  cellulose,  the 
oleo  resins,  cellule  »e  acetate,  cellulose  acetate  butyrate,  the 
urea-formaldehyde  resins,  the  ester  type  resins,  polyvinyl 
butyral,  polyvinyl  chloride,  the  mclamine  resins,  vinyl  ace- 
tate, and  the  various  copolymers  of  polyvinyl  chloride  and 
many  other  organic  compounds.  Each  of  these  plastics 
coating  materials  has  many  characteristics  which  must  be 
well  analyzed  in  order  to  make  a  proper  selection  for  a 
specific  usage.  For  example,  the  urea-formaldehyde  resins 
are  known  for  their  toughness,  their  clarity  and  their  re- 

(Continufd  on  page  127) 


Plastics  coated  fabrics  may  now  be 
multiproofed  so  as  to  satisfy  almost 
any  physical  or  chemical  requirement 


m 


A  lew  swatches  ol  artificial  leather 
showing  different  grains  produced  by 
engraved  rolls  of  embossing  machine 


IN  PLASTICS       METALS 


I 


-~-" 


Mavco't  ads  are  designed  to  combine  the  beauty 
of  its  "Plexiglas"  compacts  with  the  utility  oi  the 
material.  The  illustration  at  the  left  is  to  be 
used  as  the  basis  for  ad  copy  closely  resembling 
that  above;  it  also  will  make  up  into  a  brochure 


Merchandising  Plastics 


trl 


'u     I  Hurra  it   IS-Jei/eriaae 

ff  ff 

President.   Movco   Sales,   Inc. 


How  Factual  Ads  Build  Good-Will  For 
Plastics,   Sell  More  Acrylic  Compacts 


WHEN,  some  time  last  year,  the  air  was  full  of  talk 
about  informing  the  public  about  the  various  kinds 
of  plastics  materials,  we  decided  to  put  the  idea  into  prac- 
tice. Since  our  business  is  limited  to  compacts  and  cig- 
arette cases,  we  naturally  limited  our  campaign  to  the  only 
material  with  which  we  work — the  acrylics.  From  the  re- 
sults obtained,  we  feel  that  any  manufacturer  who  is  sold 
on  the  plastics  he  uses  for  a  particular  purpose,  can  build 
a  great  deal  of  good-will  for  himself  and  for  the  plastics 
industry  by  informing  the  consumers  in  his  advertising, 
giving  reasons  why  a  material  is  being  used  in  preference 
to  another  for  a  certain  product.  Our  initial  educational 
campaign  was  so  successful  that  we  are  extending  it  to  an 
enlarged  promotion  planned  for  this  year. 


After  experimenting  with  several  materials,  it  was  de- 
cided to  confine  our  production  of  compacts  and  cigarette 
cases  to  the  acrylics.  By  using  only  one  material  rather 
than  a  variety  of  plastics,  we  hoped  to  standardize  our 
products  so  that  they  would  stand  for  something  definite  in 
the  minds  of  store  buyers  and  merchandise  men  and  in  the 
minds  of  their  customers.  The  qualities  which  appealed 
to  us  in  acrylics  for  our  purposes  were  lightness  of  weight, 
stability  of  fit,  resistance  to  weathering,  capacity  to  be 
molded  in  relatively  thin  sections,  and  brilliancy  of  color. 

Having  sold  ourselves  on  these  qualities,  we  thought  we 
ought  to  inform  the  public  about  them  through  our  adver- 
tising; and  while  informing  the  public  we  branched  out  a 
bit  and  carried  our  campaign  directly  to  the  intermediaries 


:^H^^^™^ 


Ever  closer  on  the  horizon  looms  the  glorious  day  of  beauty's 
.iberation . .  .when  the  world  of  plastics  will  once  again  be  free  to 
devote  its  talents  to  glamorous  products... of  beauty,  for  beauty  Then, 
ays,  Columbia  Plastics  will  be  in  the  forefront... reflecting  in  even 
greater  measure  the  vision,  unexcelled  engineering  skills,  production 
techniques  and  facilities  that  have  long  made  Columbia  a  leader  in  plastic  molding. 


C  0  L  U  M  B  I 


COLUMBIA  PROTEKTOSITE  CO.,  INC  •  CARLSTADT,  N.  I 


i  oui-»clve>  .uid  the  public — to  store  advertising  man 
.   merchandise   men,   cosmetic   and   costume   jewelry 
buyers,  and  New  York  resident  buyers. 

Our  educational  campaign  was  plotted  along  these  line-.. 
First,  the  consumer  was  reached  by  full  color  advert isc- 

in  1'oijuc,  Fashion  Accessories  and  the  Christum 
Monitor  (magazine  section).  Then,  a  four-page 
brochure  was  prepared,  using  the  I 'ague  cover  as  its  cover, 
tin'  other  three  pages  containing  a  reprint  of  our  ad.  in- 
cluding the  factual  information  about  acrylics,  and  addition- 
al advertising  matter.  This  brochure,  also  in  color,  went  to 
all  the  advertising  and  merchandising  people  mentioned 
above.  In  addition,  a  smaller  brochure  prepared  by  Rohm 
\  1  la. is  \\lmse  ric-riglas  acrylic  we  are  using,  giving  more 
detailed  information  on  the  fabrication  of  this  plastics  was 
sent. 

Our  ad  could  not  be  too  technical,  so  our  copy  read  as 
follows: 

"The  World  of  Fashion  gets  a  lift  from  Plexi- 
glas, the  transparent  plastic  that  won  its  fame  on 
bomber  noses  and  turrets.  Plexiglas,  the  winner  of 
the  John  Wesley  Hyatt  Medal,  the  award  for  the 
outstanding  contribution  to  the  advancement  of  the 
plastics  industry. 

From  bomber  nose  to  beauty  case  is  no  mere 
flight  of  fancy.  For  such  is  the  versatility  of  the 
miracle  plastic,  Plexiglas,  product  of  Rohm  &  Haas 
Company,  pioneers  and  principal  producers  of  crys- 
tal clear  plastics. 

Early  recognition  of  the  superiority  of  Plexiglas 
transparency  and  other  vital  qualities  led  to  nation- 
wide acceptance  and  endorsement,  and  when  Amer- 
ica went  to  war — so  did  Plexiglas.  A  large  per- 
centage of  Rohm  &  Haas  Company's  output  was 
requisitioned  by  the  Government  for  use  in  the 
Iwmiber  noses  and  gun  turrets  of  United  States 
Army  and  Navy  fighting  planes.  Today,  this  fa- 
mous plastic  is  still  on  active  duty — consistently 
proving  its  strength  in  battlefields  of  the  sky  on 
rvcry  fighting  front.  .  .  .  And  now  Plexiglas — front 
page  news  in  world  affairs — has  invaded  the  head- 
lines of  fashion.  Fortunately  for  us — and  for  the 
alert  among  fashion's  purveyors — Plexiglas  has 
now  been  released,  though  still,  of  course,  in  limited 
quantities,  for  civilian  use. 

Almost  as  light  as  the  air  in  which  it  is  so  much 
at  home  .  .  .  this  wonderful  material  so  new  to  the 
world  of  fashion  .  .  .  combines  the  toughness  of 
steel  with  the  transparent  beauty  of  jewels. 

From  this  strong  and  beautiful  plastic,  Mavco 
craftsmen  have  fashioned  a  compact  that  has  all 
the  breathtaking  thrill  of  a  first  flight.  The  design 
is  modern  as  tomorrow — the  colors  are  deep  toned 
and  lovely.  Its  elegant  simplicity  will  appeal  to 
the  most  descriminating  of  your  customers. 

The  women  who  read  Vogue  will  be  entranced  by 
the  description  of  this  new  merchandise  in  Mavco's 
November  advertisement. 

Why  not  anticipate  their  interest?" 

We  did  not  consider  it  sufficient  to  tell  the  facts  alxnit 
I'lc.rii/Ui.f  to  the  consumer  only  in  our  advertising.  We 
went  a  step  further  to  bring  the  same  story  home  to  the 
actual  purchasers  of  our  compacts.  In  each  compact  a 
four-page  "leaflet"  was  enclosed,  cut  in  the  shape  of  our 
trade-mark — a  coronet — bearing  the  following  text  on  the 
in-i'le  "pages": 

"Just  as  there  are  many  different  kinds  of  wood  and 
metal — so  there  are  many  types  of  plastics.  Plexiglas  is 
an  acrylic  plastic,  a  type  distinguished  for  its  crystal-like 
clarity,  gem  tones  and  lasting  beauty.  With  care.  I'lexiglas 
will  retain  its  lively  sparkle  and  hold  its  shape  indefinitely — 
even  after  outdoor  exposure.  The  deep  rich  color  Mavco 
has  chosen  for  its  distinctive  compacts  is  part  of  the  plastic 
and  will  not  chip  off." 

At  the  same  time  we  furnished  our  customers,  or  rather, 
our  material  suppliers  did,  on  our  behalf,  with  window  dis- 
'iitiniu-d  mi  /w/r  129) 


WV*  cm.  PUXI&tAS   .a 

it.  (Mr  ipvU. 
ih 

P< 


TW  <b.p  tick 

l»t  cho«*  to  Hi  JMUrtu 

•      pxi      <rf      IV. 


Inside  pages  of  four-page  "folder"  which  ac- 
companies Mavco  "American  Beauty"  compact 


Reproductions  of  pages  from  Mavco's  advertising  promotion 
folders  which  are  sent  to  advertising  managers  and  merchan- 
disers. These  pages  also  appeared  as  color  advertisements 


HOW   TO   USE  YOU* 


TO  IOAD 

. 

r..«<>    •Mil    Intrtt  •  ti.        v.r   In   M 

ID     !>"• 

-I,.    ,,r.l     10     

f.iu     K»»»    J'mrilll*     flu.*    Irtrl- 
ClK"r'Hr«      **'J      ' 


r-.« 


''"•it"  MUM.frf 

n«  nm. 


Page   from   instruction   "folder"  which  ac- 
companies Mavco  "Full-Pak"  cigarette  COM 


JUNE 


*,  .1  STI4* S 


41 


Plastics  cam  in  operation  on  automatic  screw  machine. 
Cost  of  producing  cam  of  plastics  is   Vt   that  of  steel 


Cam   now   being   experiment- 
ally made  of  "Toolite   #IH" 


Plastics  Make  Good 
Industrial  Tools 


W.    J4. 


and  K.    £    2bUJ/< 


Douglas  Aircraft  Company,  Inc.,  El  Segundo  Plant 


THIS  may  be  the  time  to  consider  in  retrospect  some  of 
the  things  in  industrial  tooling  the  war  has  made  possi- 
ble. We  say  this  advisedly,  because  we  know  now  that  many 
of  these  new  things  were  born  of  outright  necessity  created 
as  a  direct  result  of  our  shortage  of  critical  items  needed 
to  wage  successful  war. 

Now,  however,  that  the  sound  of  gun  and  cannon  fire 
becomes  dim  on  one  front,  and  because  the  outcome  all  over 
is  sealed  in  our  favor,  we  review  the  part  plastics  has  taken 
in  making  possible  the  large-scale  production  of  the  fleets 
of  military  aircraft  which  made  certain  our  victory.  We 
refer  particularly  to  the  heavy-duty  aircraft  tools  which 
plastics  created,  and  which  at  first  blush  hardly  seemed 
to  have  the  strength  and  resistance  to  withstand  the  rigors 
of  industrial  application.  (See  "Facilitating  Production 
with  Plastics  Tooling";  PLASTICS,  April,  1945.) 

Development  of  the  tools  and  techniques  needed  to  do 
the  job  has  been  a  direct  result  of  critical  materials  short- 
ages; yet  the  advancement  has  been  so  unique  and  pro- 
gressive that  continued  application  is  assured  even  when 
shortages  no  longer  exist.  Since  as  a  result  industry  stands 
to  gain  immeasurably,  a  review  is  given  here  of  some  of 
the  work  of  Douglas  Aircraft's  plastics  section,  tooling 


division,  located  at  El  Segundo,  California.  This  unit  al- 
ready has  to  its  credit  the  testing  and  production  of  several 
chemical  compounds. 

Versatile  Thermoplastic 

One  of  the  materials  used  extensively  is  Plastiform,  a 
versatile  product  of  the  Duorite  Plastics  Company.  This 
thermoplastic  material,  a  combination  of  plastics  and  ce- 
ramic, has  many  interesting  properties  such  as  good  sur- 
face hardness,  low  melting  temperature  (240°F),  and  the 
ability  to  duplicate  minute  details  in  pattern  designs.  In 
use  it  requires  only  a  cheap  melting  pot  with  a  capacity 
for  all  practical  purposes  made  of  an  oil  bath  tank  fired 
with  a  small  gas  burner. 

The  following  is  a  brief  report  on  the  thermoplastic  ma- 
terial's versatile  utilization : 

Plastiform  is  applicable  in  the  production  of  tooling  con- 
tour check  tools  for  use  in  grinding  Kirksite  drop  hammer 
dies  and  hydro  blocks.  The  ease  and  speed  with  which 
tooling  contour  check  tools  may  be  fabricated  have  elimi- 
nated hundreds  of  man-hours  of  labor. 

The  steps  necessary  in  making  checking  tools  are  simple. 
First,  a  coat  of  No.  10  motor  oil  is  brushed  or  sprayed  on 


42 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


in_qeneerinq 

NOW.. .FOR  THE  AGE  OF  FLIGHT  TOMORROW 


A  postwar  sky  giant's  lightest  structural 
load  will  be  its  plastics  parts.  From  tiny  corrosion- 
resistant  fittings  and  transparent,  flexible  Fuel  lines  to  colorful, 
decorative  panels,  seats  and  upholstery,  specialized  plastics 
will  give  greater  permanence  at  a  fraction  of  the  weight  of  the 
materials  they  replace. 

INGENEERING*  by  Victory  Plastics  Company  has  resulted  in  unique, 
compression-molded  plastics  laminations  that  are  adaptable  to  numerous  uses  in  the 
aviation  industry  .  .  .  And  to  other  industries  .  .  .  your  industry  . .  .  similar  applications  of 
ingenuity  to  the  creation,  design  and  fabrication  of  postwar  plastics  products  will  give  you 
advantages  over  competition.  Victory  Plastics  Company,  60  Scabbard  Street,  Hudson,  Massachusetts. 


PLASTICS     f COMPANY 


COMPRESSION          >          TRANSFER          •         INJECTION          •          LAMINATION          •          SATURATION 


JUNE  1945 


1*1.  AST  it'S 


COPTIIIOMT  !•«•.  vicToftr  PLASTIC*  CO. 

43 


Drop  hammer  forming  using  "Plastalloy"  male  die.   Elas- 
ticity of  the  thermoplastic  material  minimizes  springback 

the  surface  of  a  plaster  pattern,  or  master  plaster  pattern. 
A  small  roll  of  clay  is  then  placed  completely  around  the 
part,  approximately  .5"  on  the  outside  of  the  trim  line.  A 
thin  layer  of  Plastiform  is  brushed  on  the  surface  of  the 
pattern,  and  a  small  wire  handle  is  sealed  into  position. 
After  the  material  cools  for  approximately  10  minutes, 
plaster  and  hemp  backing  is  applied,  and  the  TCCT  is  then 
ready  for  use. 

Other  successful  uses  for  this  material  are  stretch  dies, 
shadowgraph  impressions,  keller  patterns,  and  shells  in 
which  to  pour  phenolic  castings.  In  addition,  it  overcomes 
the  problems  of  outside  storage  of  plaster  patterns,  since 
it  is  corrosion  resistant.  Thus,  a  light  brush  coat  of  Plasti- 
form makes  it  possible  to  store  master  plaster  patterns  and 
plaster  patterns  outside  without  fear  of  weather  deterio- 
ration. 

Being  a  non-priority  material,  Plastiform  is  also  avail- 
able for  the  manufacture  of  such  various  other  articles  as 
table  lamps,  toys  and  desk  sets.  These  articles  may  be  pro- 
duced by  slush  casting  which  eliminates  coring  problems 
and  speeds  production.  Also,  the  low-melting  temperature 
of  Plastiform  permits  the  pouring  into  low-cost  phenolic 
molds  of  castings  with  superior  surfaces. 

Drop  Hammer  Punches 

Plastalloy  is  another  material  that  Douglas  has  experi- 
mented with  in  the  development  of  plastics  drop  hammer 
punches.  It  is  quite  apparent  that  changing  materials  and 
methods  will  increase  the  demand  for  this  type  of  tooling. 
The  resilient  properties  of  a  thermoplastic  material  lends 
itself  more  readily  to  the  forming  of  metal  parts  than  do 
the  hard  unyielding  surfaces  of  the  lead  and  Kirksite  previ- 
ously used.  It  is  now  a  proven  fact  that  plastics  punches 
form  parts  more  consistently  than  other  methods,  especially 
parts  containing  beads,  or  joggles. 

One  of  the  principal  advantages  gained  in  the  use  of 
plastics  punches  is  the  man-hours  saved  in  preparing  the 
punch  for  us.  This  may  best  be  shown  by  the  steps  which 
are  necessary  for  each  process,  there  being  five  basic  steps 
in  the  making  of  a  lead  punch,  and  only  three  for  a  plastics 
punch. 


In  making  a  lead  punch,  first  the  die  is  heated,  then 
boards  are  placed  around  the  sides  and  clamped  into  posi- 
tion; after  this  the  seams  are  clayed  and  the  die  is  r"eady 
for  pouring.  After  the  punch  is  poured  and  cooled  it  is 
necessary  to  clear  for  metal  thickness.  In  the  pouring  of  a 
plastics  punch  only  three  steps  are  necessary:  heating  the 
die,  boxing  in  the  die  and  pouring.  The  plastics  material 
is  resilient  enough  to  spring  back  for  metal  thickness,  and 
cools  so  fast  that  claying  becomes  unnecessary.  Another 
of  the  advantages  in  using  this  material  is  the  weight 
factor.  Plastics  punches  weigh  approximately  one-tenth  as 
much  as  lead  punches  do,  a  direct  result  of  which  has  been 
sharp  declines  in  maintenance  time  on  the  drop  hammers. 
In  addition,  on  all  rope-operated  drop  hammers  will  be 
found  a  tremendous  decrease  in  rope  breakage,  and  the 
time  necessary  to  repair  or  replace  a  broken  rope. 

Another  advantage  in  the  use  of  Plastalloy  is  that  shrink- 
age may  be  controlled  and  held  to  a  minimum,  something 
that  has  not  been  possible  with  lead  or  Kirksite  punches. 
It  is  the  authors'  opinion  that  there  are  unlimited  uses  for 
this  ethyl-cellulose  material  after  victory,  both  in  tooling 
and  in  the  production  field. 

Tools  from  Phenolics 

Phenolic  casting  resins  are  growing  in  popularity  for 
tooling  and  one  of  the  phenolics  now  in  use  is  Toolitc 
No.  Ill,  a  product  of  the  Adhere  Corp.,  from  which  our 
tooling  division  has  produced  a  number  of  good  low-cost 
tools,  particularly  mill  fixtures. 

MILL  FIXTURES  :  In  the  past,  mill  fixtures  have  been  made 
from  steel  or  Kirksite  castings,  both  of  which  weigh  three 
or  four  times  as  much  as  the  plastics  material  now  in  use. 
Thus,  it  is  now  possible  for  one  man  to  pick  up  a  mill 
fixture  five  or  six  feet  in  length  and  place  it  in  any  desired 
position.  Using  steel  or  Kirksite  fixtures,  it  is  necessary 
to  employ  a  hoist.  The  time  saved  in  this  one  operation 
alone  is  enough  to  warrant  the  use  of  plastics  materials. 
Another  point  to  be  considered  is  the  time  saved  in  ma- 
chining. Toolite  No.  Ill  may  be  machined  at  extremely 
high  speeds  without  dulling  the  cutting  tools;  speeds  as 
high  as  3600  rpm  and  65  inches  per  minute  have  been 
made.  Due  to  the  fact  that  this  material  machines  at  vari- 
ous high  speeds  it  is  possible  to  reduce  machine  time  as 
much  as  four  times  that  of  other  materials. 

The  curing  cycle  of  Toolite  No.  Ill  is  slightly  longer 
than  most  phenolics,  therefore  it  is  wise  to  plan  tooling 
as  far  in  advance  as  possible. 

FORM  BLOCKS  :  Due  to  its  excellent  compressive  strength 
Toolite  No.  Ill  may  also  be  used  for  hydropress  form 
blocks.  Several  of  these  are  now  in  use  at  the  Con- 
solidated Vultee  plant  in  San  Diego,  with  favorable  re- 
(Continved  on  page  124) 


"Plastiform"  coating,  a  combination  of  plastics  and 
ceramic,  is  used  as  a  plaster  pattern  protection 


44 


PLASTiCS 


JUNE  1943 


If  high  frequency  energy 
came  in  bottles 


THE  FIRST  INDUSTRIAL  HIGH  FREQUENCY 
DIELECTRIC  HEATING  EQUIPMENT 

JUNE  1945 


—  the  range  of  capacities  offered  by 
Thermex  would  look  like  this.  Not  one,  not  two,  but  six 
fully  developed  Thermex  units,  designed  especially  for  the 
high  frequency  heating  of  plastic  materials,  are  available. 
In  addition  to  the  general  advantages  of  high  frequency 
heat,  Thermex  gives  you  the  specific  advantage  of  selecting 
to  meet  your  particular  needs  from  the  most  complete  line 
in  the  field.  Find  out  about  Thermex!  Mail  the  coupon. 


R£Z>  HEADS  BY  GIRDLER 


TheGirdlerCorporation,  THERMEX  DI  VISION,  Dept.PM-6,  Louisville  l.Ky. 
Please  send  complete  information  about  Thermex  RED  HEADS. 

Namt 

linn  Name  and  Addrtts 


I  •  I.  .  t  STI  C  S 


45 


Design  tor 
INSER  TS! 

C^uaene  sfacoby  dr. 


Tool  Designer 

Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  &  Too!  Co. 


With  Correct  Designing  of 
Inserts,  Maximum  Strength 
for  Product  and  Minimum 
Molding  Loss  is  Obtained 


THIS  article  on  the  fundamentals  of  insert  design  and 
tolerance  may  be  elementary  to  many  plastics  product 
designers  and  molders.  However,  it  is  hoped  that  this  in- 
formation will  prove  useful  to  others  in  designing  and  man- 
ufacturing plastics  for  maximum  strength  and  for  minimum 
loss  in  molding. 

Custom  molders  are  experiencing  considerable  trouble 
with  inserts  supplied  for  the  products  they  are  molding. 
The  faults  are  not  entirely  due  to  the  insert  manufacturer, 
for  some  of  the  problems  concerning  inserts  could  be  solved 
by  the  product  designer  in  the  preliminary  stages  of  his 
work. 

Inserts  are  manufactured  from  practically  every  sub- 
stance known,  among  them,  brass,  zinc,  steel,  copper  and 
wood.  Their  sizes  and  shapes  vary  according  to  the  specific 
job  the  molded  pieces  and  inserts  are  intended  to  perform. 
To  impart  all  the  necessary  information  about  the  many 
kinds  of  inserts  would  entail  too  lengthy  a  study ;  therefore, 


Group  of  molded  pieces  demonstrates 
various    applications    for    inserts 


Male  inserts  illustrating  grooves   which   hold   them  in 
molded  piece.  Chamfer  at  end  of  threads  aids  placement 


this  article  is  concerned  only  with  the  most  commonly  used 
inserts,  namely,  small  metal  inserts  with  male  or  female 
threads. 

Inserts  must  be  anchored  in  the  product  firmly  so  that 
under  no  circumstances  can  they  rotate  in  it.  When  this 
occurs,  the  assembler  cannot  tighten  the  screw  or  nut  in  or 
on  the  insert.  To  overcome  the  turning  of  the  insert  in  the 
product,  there  must  be  a  diamond  or  straight  knurl  which 
will  allow  the  plastics  to  grasp  the  insert  firmly.  Hexagon 
bar  stock,  especially  on  large  inserts,  is  often  used  to  pre- 
vent the  inserts  from  rotating.  The  insert  must  also  be  fas- 
tened in  the  molding  so  that  it  is  impossible  for  it  to  pull 
out  of  the  product.  To  help  prevent  the  insert  from  pulling 
out  of  the  molding  (which  is  generally  caused  by  the  insert 
being  too  tight  on  the  insert  pin,  a  subject  discussed  later 
in  this  article),  a  groove  cut  into  the  circumference  of  the 
insert  gives  excellent  results  in  holding  it  in  position  while 
molding  and  preventing  the  insert  from  pulling  out  and  de- 


Long  inserts  extending  from  both  sides 
of  molded  piece.    Note  female  threads 


I    Ring  insert  being  placed  in  fixture 


3    Male  inserts  are  placed  in  cavities 


9    Tapping  inserts  with  soft  brass 


2    Placing  ring  insert  in  the  top  die 


4   Female  inserts  are  placed  in  cavities 


6    Material  to  be  molded  placed  in  cavities 


7   Stripping  plate  removes  finished  product  8    Closeup  ol  molded  piece:  inserts  in  foreground. 

JUNE  1945  PLASTICS  47 


Screwing  male  insert  into  threaded  plug  keeps  insert 
threads  clean  and  aids  in  holding  insert  in   position 


When  finished  product  is  removed  from  mold,  plugs  are 
unscrewed,  leaving  inserts  molded  in  proper  position 


straying  the  molding.  Care  must  be  exercised  in  cutting 
the  depth  of  the  groove,  for  if  the  groove  is  cut  too  deep  a 
weakened  condition  occurs,  causing  the  inserts  to  snap  apart 
at  the  groove.  It  must  also  be  mentioned  here  that  on  most 
small  inserts  sufficient  grasping  strength  is  created  by  a 
diamond  knurl. 


Shrinkage 

The  product  designer  unwittingly  causes  the  inolder  a 
larger  percentage  of  rejects  on  his  production  runs  than  is 
necessary,  when  he  doesn't  allow  enough  material  around 
the  insert  to  compensate  for  the  difference  in  shrinkage  of 
the  plastics  and  insert  materials.  When  there  is  not  enough 


material  surrounding  the  insert,  blisters  form  and  the  mate- 
rial cracks  around  the  inserts.  To  prevent  this  trouble 
make  the  wall  around  the  insert  half  the  diameter  of  the 
insert. 

Frequently  the  product  designer  can  help  the  molder  keep 
his  cost  per  piece  down  and  increase  the  production  of  tlirx.' 
pieces  by  designing  the  inserts  used  in  their  product  with  a 
45°  chamfer  at  the  opening  of  the  threaded  hole  which  is 
placed  on  the  insert  pin,  or,  in  the  case  of  the  male  insert, 
by  chamfering  the  end  of  the  threaded  screw  which  fits  in 
the  mold.  As  the  inserts  are  cut  from  the  bar  stock  and 
threaded,  a  burr  is  sometimes  left,  making  it  difficult  for 
the  press  operator  to  place  the  female  inserts  in  position  on 
the  insert  pin,  or  in  the  mold  as  in  the  case  with  malv  in- 


MAJOR  DIAMETERS  OF  SCREW  THREADS  WITH  TOLERANCES  ALLOWED 


Screw            Malar 
Sin        Diameter  (In.) 

Tolerance                   Screw 
On.)                      Site 

Motor 
Diameter  (In.) 

tolerance 

(In.) 

0-80  0.060  

.—0.0015 

Vfc-64.. 

...0.0625  

0.0015 

1-56  0.073  
1-64  0.073  

.—0.0015 
—  0.0015 

W.-72.. 

...0.0625  

.  —  0.001  5 

1-72  0.073  

.—0.0015 

H.-60.. 

...0.0711.... 

.  —  0.0015 

2-56  0.086  
2-64  O.OS6  

.—0.0015 
.—0.0015 

H4-72.. 

...0.0781.... 

..—0.0015 

3-48  0.099  

..-0.0015 

Hi-48.. 

...0.0937  

..—0.0015 

3-56  0.099  
4-32  0.112  

..—0.0015 
..—0.002 

M.-50.. 

0.0937  

..-0.0015 

4-36  0.112  

..—0.002 

fe-48.. 

0.1094...^ 

.  .  -0.002 

4-40  0.112  
4-48  0.112  

..-0.002 
.  .  -0.002 

W32.. 

....0.125  

..-0.002 

5-36  0.125.... 

0.002 

i/,-40.. 

0.125  

0.002 

5-40  0.125.... 
5-44  0.125  

0.002 
0.002 

X4-40.  . 

0.1409  

0.002 

6-32  0.138.... 

0.002 

Mz-32.. 

0.1562  

0.002 

6-36  0.138.... 
6-40  0.138  

0.002 
0.002 

Mi-36.. 

0.1562  

..—0.002 

7-30  0.151  

.  .  —0.002 

'!4i-32.. 

0.1719  

..—0.002 

7-32  0.151  

.  .  —0.002 

7-36  0.151.... 

..—0.002 

K.-24.. 

0.1875  

.  .  —0.002 

8-30  0.164  
8-32  0.164.... 

.  .  —0.002 
0.002 

H.-32.. 

0.1875  

0.002 

8-36  0.164  

0.002 

<fe-24.. 

0.2031  

0.002 

8-40  0.164  
9-24  0.177  

0.002 
..—0.002 

'/fe-24.. 

0.2189  

0.002 

9-30  0.177  
9-32  0.177.... 

.  .  —0.002 
.  .  —0.002 

M*-32.. 

0.2189  

.  .  -0.002 

10-24  0.190  

0.002 

'X.-24.. 

0.2344  

.  .  —0.0025 

10-28  0.190.... 
10-30  0.190  

.  .  —0.002 
0.002 

V4-20.. 

....0.250  

.  .  -0.0025 

10-32  0.190.... 

0.002 

Vi-24.. 

....0.250:.... 

..-0.0025 

12-24  0.216.... 

.  .  —0.002 

12-28  0.216  

..—0.002 

'/4-27.. 

....0.250  

0.0025 

12-32  0.216.... 
14-20  0.242... 

0.002 
0.0025 

'/4-28.. 

....0.250  

0.0025 

14-24  0.242... 

..-0.0025               '/«-32.. 

....0.250  

0.0025 

MINOR  DIAMETERS  OF  THREADED  INSERTS  AND  PIN  DIAMETERS 

Reamed  diameter  after  tapping  allows  appro*.  75%  full  thread. 


Threaded          Reomed       Pin  Diameter 

Hole         Diameter  after     in  Maid 
In  Inter)     Tapping    (In.)         (In.) 


Threaded          Reamed       Pin  Diamet 

Hole         Diameter  after     in  Mold 
in  Inter!     Tapping    (In.)         (In.) 


0-80.. 

0.0469  

0.048 

M.-64. 

0.0469  

..0.048 

1-56.. 
1-64.. 

....0.0550  
0.0595  

0.056 
0.061 

W72. 

0.0469  

..0.048 

1-72.. 

0.0595  

0.061 

*4-60. 

0.0625  

..0.064 

2-56.. 
2-64.. 

0.0700  
0.0700  

0.071 
0.071 

H.-72. 

0.0635  

..0.065 

3-48.. 

0.0785  

0.080 

H>-48. 

0.0730  

..0.074 

3-56.. 
4-32.. 

0.0820  
0.0820  

0.083 
0.083 

Mj-SO. 

0.0730  

..0.074 

4-36.. 

0.0860  

0.087 

H4-48. 

0.0890  

..0.090 

4-40.. 
4-48.. 

0.0890  
0.0935  

0.090 
0.095 

'/i-32. 

0.0937  

..0.095 

5-36.. 

0.0980  

0.099 

Vi-40. 

0.1015  

..0.103 

5-40.. 
5-44.. 

0.1015  
0.1040  

0.103 
.0.105 

K.-40 

0.1160  

..0.117 

6-32.. 

0.1065  

.0.108 

Mi-32. 

0.1250  

..0.124 

6-36.. 
6-40.. 

0.1110  
0.1130  

.0.112 
.0.114 

*fe-36. 

0.1285  

..0.130 

7-30.. 

0.1200  

.0.121 

<!ir32. 

.'  0.1406  

..0.142 

7-32.. 
7-36.. 

0.1200  
0.1250  

.0.121 
.0.126 

X.-24. 

0,1470  

..0.148 

8-30.. 
8-32.. 

0.1285  
0.1360  

.0.130 
.0.137 

X.-32. 

0.1570  

..0.158 

8-36.. 

0.1360  

.0.137 

<X,-24. 

0.1610  

..0.162 

8-40.. 
9-24.. 

0.1405  
0.1360  

.0.142 
.0.137 

Tfa-24. 

0.1770  

..0.178 

9-30.. 

0.1440  

.0.145 

Jfe-32. 

0.1890  

..0.190 

9-32.. 
10-24.. 

0.1470  
0.1495  

.0.148 
.0.151 

'M4-24 

0.1935.... 

..0.195 

10-28.. 
10-30.. 

0.1540  
0.1570  

.0.155 
.0.158 

'/4-20 

0.2010  

..0.202 

10-32.. 

0.1590  

.0.160 

V4-24 

0.2090  

..0.210 

12-24.. 
12-28.. 

0.1770  
0.1820  

.0.178 
.0.183 

'/4-27. 

0.2130  

..0.214 

12-32.. 
14-20.. 

0.1850  
0.1935..... 

.0.186 
.0.195 

</4-28. 

0.2130  

..0.214 

14-24.. 

....0.2010  

.0.202 

'/.-32 

0.2187.... 

..0.220 

48 


PX.ASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


PROVED  BY  WAR. __________ 

„,«««•»  '""""" ' ' 


F°*    IMPROVE 


URIT 


RESINS 

JHEKMOSETJ1NG  PHENOL-FURFURAL  AND  PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE   TYPES 


ADHESIVES 

JHtKMOSETTING    AND    COLD  SITTING 


THERMOSETTING   CEMENTS 

FOR  METAL-TO-METAL  AND   OTHER  APPLICATIONS 


MOLDING    COMPOUNDS 


OIL   SOLUBLE   RESINS 


WATER   SOLUBLE   RESINS 


NEW    PROCESSES 


OUR   EXPERIENCE  IS  AVAILABLE   TO   YOU 


PLASTICS---- 


JUNE  1945 


INCORPORATED 

FIANKFORD    STATION    P.    O.        PHILADELPHIA    24,    PA. 
REPRESENTATIVES     LOCATID     AT: 

3838  Sonta  Fe  Ave.,       1274  Folsom  St.,        67  Lexington  Ave.,   4226  C*dor  Springs, 
Lot  Angvlei  11,  Cal.    San  Franciico  3,  Col.       Buffalo  9,  N.  Y.          Dalloi  4,  T*xai 

352  Plymouth  Rood,     245  W.  Franklin  St.,     2711  Oliv.  Si.,     4851  S.  S».  louii  Av«., 
Union,  New  J*n«y  Morriivill.,  Po.          St.  Louii  3,  Mo.  Chicago  32,  ML 

PLASTICS 


49 


Device  when  loaded  with  inserts  helps  place  them  in  mold 


Inserts  placed  into  plates  for  proper  positioning  in  mold 


serts.  The  rnolder  in  most  cases  of  this  kind  either  has  to 
ream  the  burr  from  the  inserts  at  his  own  expense,  or  send 
the  inserts  back  to  their  manufacturer  which  involves  costly 
delays.  The  45°  chamfer  eliminates  the  burr,  leaving  a 
clean  insert. 

Tolerances 

The  problem  of  insert  tolerances  is  the  most  difficult  of 
all.  The  female  inserts  fit  upon  pins  while  the  male  inserts 
fit  into  holes  bored  into  the  mold;  both,  in  turn,  hold  the 
inserts  in  position  while  the  material  being  molded  plasti- 
cizes  and  sets  around  the  inserts.  If  the  inserts  fit  upon  the 
pins  or  in  the  holes  loosely,  the  material  will  move  the  in- 
sert from  its  set  position  causing  the  piece  to  be  rejected 
during  inspection.  This  moving  from  position  is  especially 
true  of  inserts  which  must  be  placed  on  pins  or  in  holes 
located  on  the  top  die.  Conversely,  if  the  insert  is  placed 
upon  a  pin  or  in  the  insert  hole  too  tightly,  the  inserts  are 
stripped  from  the  plastics  piece  when  it  is  ejected  from  the 
die  by  knock-out  pins.  Thus,  it  is  readily  apparent  that  a 
medium  must  be  reached  between  these  two  extremes.  The 


threads  of  the  insert  must  be  made  so  that  the  insert  will 
remain  on  the  insert  pin  or  in  the  insert  hole  firmly,  but 
not  so  tightly  that  the  pressure  needed  to  remove  the  piece 
from  the  mold  is  less  than  the  pressure  developed  between 
the  insert  and  its  holder. 

When  inserts  are  designed  correctly,  it  is  the  insert  man- 
ufacturer's responsibility  to  hold  the  dimensions  of  his  in- 
serts from  the  first  insert  to  the  last.  As  many  a  molder 
knows,  too  many  times  he  has  had  to  send  the  inserts  for  a 
molding  back  to  his  customer  because  the  inserts  varied  too 
greatly  in  size  or  the  insert  sizes  varied  from  the  original 
order,  thus  causing  the  molder  to  either  change  pins  in  the 
mold  or  else  ream  the  insert  threads  to  the  sizes  used  on 
the  previous  production  run. 

The  accompanying  tables,  which  have  given  excellent  re- 
sults, show  the  thread  sizes  and  tolerances  of  female  and 
male  inserts. 

If  product  designers  and  insert  manufacturers  design  and 
manufacture  inserts  with  the  points  outlined  in  this  article 
in  mind,  molders  can  increase  production  and  cut  rejections 
to  a  minimum.  END 


Diagram  of  male  inserts  shows  grooves  about 
circumference.  Radius  is  left  at  point  where 
threads  join  head,  thus  strengthening  inserts 


Diamond  knurl,  straight  knurl  and  hexagon  of 
female  inserts  show  groove  cut  into  the  circum- 
ference. Section  view  shows  a  45°  chamfer 


50 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Formed  in  a  single  operation 

with  Post-Formed  Phenolite,  this  portable  oxygen  unit 
support  used  in  B-29  Super-Fortresses  illustrates  a 
revolutionary  new  development  in  laminated  plastics. 

Post-Formed  Phenolite* 

Offers  You  New   Possibilities 
for  Profitable   Post-War  Products 


Here,  through  a  new  develop- 
ment in  laminated  phenolic 
plastics,  a  whole  new  avenue 
of  applications  is  opened  for 
you  .  .  .  new  potentialities  for 
successful  post-war  products. 
Economical  to  produce, 
Post-Formed  Phenolite  parts  are 
made  by  heating  the  sheet  material 
for  a  few  seconds  and  forming  in  an 
inexpensive  wooden  mold  with 
standard  press  equipment.  In  a  mat- 
ter of  minutes,  practically  any  shape 
or  form  may  be  obtained — without 
sanding  or  removing  "flash."  Fabri- 
cation may  be  done  before  or  after 
the  forming  operation. 

Phenolite  is  light  in  weight 
(about  half  the  weight  of  aluminum) 
.  .  .  is  an  excellent  electrical  insula- 


tor .  .  .  has  remarkable  mechanical 
strength . . .  possesses  good  machin- 
.iliility. . .  ami  is  highly  resistant  to 
moisture.  This  unusual  combination 
of  properties  makes  it  aversatile  ma- 
terial suggesting  an  almost  endless 
number  of  industrial  applications. 
Now  used  almost  exclusively  for 
structural  parts  in  aircraft— demon- 
strating its  stability  under  varying 
atmospheric  conditions  — Post- 
Formed  Phenolite  is  being  supplied 
for  important  war  purposes  only. 
Rut,  in  it,  you'll  find  countless  possi- 
bilities for  profitable  peacetime 
products.  Write  today  for  further 
information  and  the  assistance  of 
one  of  our  trained  tech- 
nical men  in  planning 
your  post-war  projects. 


u. 


*A  formobl*  th«rmot«ttlng  ih»«»  material 


JUNK  I'll:, 


NATIONAL  VULCANIZED  FIBRE  CO. 

Offices  in  Principal  Cities          Wilmington,  Delaware 
f»  I,  .1  *  TICS  51 


Adapting1  Dielectric  Heat 
to  .Low-Pressure  Molding 


" 


Engineer,    Dura  mold    Division 
Fairchild  Engine  &  Airplane  Corp. 

Proper  Choice  of  Technique  Is  Essential  in  Order 
to  Achieve  the  Best  Results  with  Wood  Laminates 


THE  advantages  of  using  wood  veneers  and  plastics  in 
laminated  airplane  and  other  assemblies  have  been 
reviewed  in  a  number  of  recent  papers.  Better  products 
produced  on  a  larger  scale  and  at  an  accelerated  rate  have 
been  achieved  as  a  result  of  these  processes. 

A  vital  factor  in  the  progress  made  in  this  direction  has 
been  the  high  radio  frequency  dielectric  heating  which 
makes  possible  an  expanded  output  of  certain  types  of  parts. 
In  the  aircraft  industry  almost  every  type  of  heating  has 
been  tried  at  one  time  or  another,  each  of  which  has  its  own 
field  of  application.  At  first,  intrigued  by  the  novelty  of 
high  frequency,  many  manufacturers  began  to  use  the  new 
equipment  as  a  "cure  all."  A  number  of  useful  procedures 
not  forseen  by  electronic  engineers  have  resulted  from  such 
a  procedure.  In  the  coldness  of  an  economic  consideration, 
the  use  of  high  frequency  dielectric  heating  remains  as  an 
essential  tool  in  the  industry. 

Theoretically,  radio  frequency  is  a  uniform  method  of 
producing  heat,  the  uniformity  throughout  any  piece  being 
approached  as  closely  as  is  economically  desirable.  The 
heating  is  produced  in  the  material  by  that  portion  of  the 
radio  frequency  current  that  is  in  phase  with  the  applied 
high  frequency  voltage.  If  the  density  of  the  electrostatic 
field  is  equal  throughout  the  work,  if  the  material  at  any 
point  is  of  equal  electrical  characteristics,  if  the  thermal 
radiation  and  conduction  losses  are  minimized  by  proper 
thermal  insulation,  if  the  applied  voltage  gradient  in  any 
cross  section  is  equal,  and  if  coronal  discharge  is  prevented 
at  the  plates  by  suitable  construction  and  choice  of  operat- 
ing frequency,  the  temperature  rise  throughout  the  work 
will  be  uniform.  By  a  variation  of  applied  voltage  gradient 
by  any  one  of  a  number  of  methods,  the  rate  of  temperature 
rise  will  be  regulated  delicately. 

Sow  current  is  applied  to  the  glue  lines  without  heating  the  wood 


Jettison    fuel    tank   half,    bag-molded    by   Fairchild's    "Duramold" 
process,    using    a    combination    of    dielectric    and    strip    heating 


In  the  heating  of  thermal  insulators,  such  as  wood,  with 
surface  heaters,  the  heat  diffusion  from  the  surface  inward 
is  a  rather  slow  process.  As  a  result  of  this  property, 
there  is  a  maximum  economical  thickness  through  which 
heat  may  be  applied  by  surface  heating.  In  addition  to 
these  economical  considerations,  there  are  the  peculiarities 
of  wood  which  cause  the  prolonged  application  of  thermal 
stress  to  produce  serious  strength  variations  and  failures. 
In  cases  in  which  the  most  remote  section  to  be  heated  in 
a  production  procedure  is  more  distant  from  the  heater  than 
24",  the  low  diffusivity  of  wood  makes  radio  frequency 
(RF)  heating  the  most  practical  procedure.  In  the  RF 
process,  this  low  diffusivity  of  wood  makes  for  even  heat- 
ing since  there  is  a  tendency  to  retain  an  elevated  tempera- 
ture at  any  differential  volume  and  hence  keeps  the  outer 
surface  at  a  high  temperature. 

Varied  Procedures 

Because  of  the  flexibility  of  the  equipment,  RF  heating 
procedures  have  a  number  of  variations.  Work  may  be 
used  as  a  dielectric  between  large  places,  in  which  case  the 
entire  assembly  between  the  electrodes  is  heated  by  the 
power  loss  in  the  imperfect  dielectric.  If  the  work  con- 
tains narrow-glue  lines  and  the  electrodes  may  be  made  to 
contact  the  edges  of  these  glue  lines,  the  resin  may  be  heated 


52 


JUNE  1945 


to  a  temperature  necessary  for  rapid  setting  by  power  dis- 
sipated in  the  resin  film.  In  such  a  case,  the  wood  lami- 
nations are  not  appreciably  heated.  If  the  electrical  proper- 
ties of  the  resin  permit  rapid  heating  to  assure  a  high 
enough  temperature  of  resin  film  before  the  cessation  of 
conduction,  a  sufficiently  high  temperature  is  retained 
against  the  conduction  loss  into  the  wood  and  the  resin  is  set. 
The  method,  obviously,  offers  many  difficulties  as  well  as 
many  advantages.  It  is  necessary  to  adjust  the  electrical 
properties  of  the  resin  delicately,  and  to  have  a  rigidly 
standardized  procedure  for  plant  usage.  This  method  of 


Diagrammatic  sketch  showing  high  frequency  jog  employed 
in  gluing  bulkhead  capstrips  to  web  for  jettison  iuel  tank 


heating  is  extremely  rapid,  the  time  being  measured  in 
seconds.  Rather  complicated  theoretical  considerations 
have  been  developed  and  checked  against  empirical  data 
with  rather  close  results. 

Another  method  of  heating  with  a  number  of  variations 
is  the  stray  field  method.  One  particularly  useful  applica- 
tion of  this  technique  is  the  heating  of  a  rather  remote  glue 
line  too  far  distant  for  surface  heating  and  inaccessible  for 
the  capacitive  or  conduction  type  of  heating.  The  elec- 
trodes are  placed  on  the  same  side  of  the  face  wood  and 
the  remote  glue  line  is  heated  by  the  stray  electrostatic  field 
that  passes  through  the  work.  The  efficiency  of  the  method 
is  quite  low  in  comparison  with  other  types,  and  the  heating 
is  not  always  as  uniform  as  would  be  desired,  but  it  presents 
a  method  for  solving  an  otherwise  almost  impossible  job. 
The  rate  of  heating  may  be  varied  and  controlled  by  any  of 
the  following:  Change  in  electrode  spacing,  change  of  fre- 
quency, change  in  electrical  characteristics  of  work,  varia- 
tion of  applied  voltage,  modifications  in  the  type  of  electrode. 

Another  type  of  heating  closely  related  to  the  stray  field 
method  is  one  which  has  been  given  a  lot  of  consideration 
in  recent  literature.  It  is  a  method  of  heating  of  compound 
curvatures  in  a  capacitive  field  which  has  been  so  adjusted 
as  to  allow  the  voltage  gradient  through  the  work  to  be 
equal  at  any  sector.  This  is  accomplished  with  the  use  of 
properly  designed  electrodes  and  spacers. 

Radio  frequency  equipment  is  of  standard  construction, 
usually  consisting  of  a  self-excited  oscillator  circuit  of 
standard  design,  with  a  number  of  variations  of  coupling 
devices.  If  the  electrical  characteristics  of  the  load  vary 
radically  with  temperature,  and  if  the  electrical  radiation 


from  the  machine  is  kept  very  low  with  adequate  shielding, 
the  load  circuit  may  be  directly  coupled  to  the  tank  coil, 
thus  keeping  the  load  circuit  in  resonance  at  all  times. 
Such  a  tightly  coupled  circuit  is  prone  to  stop  oscillating 
in  the  tank  coil,  with  resulting  discontinuance  of  heating. 

Other  methods  of  coupling  include  the  use  of  auto  trans- 
former type  in  which  the  tank  circuit  of  a  single-ended  oscil- 
lator contains  a  free  end  to  which  the  leads  to  the  work  are 
connected,  and  the  use  of  a  pick-up  coil  which  may  be 
moved  relative  to  the  field  of  the  tank  coil. 

These  types  of  oscillators  are  the  simplest  to  construct 
and  to  operate.  The  range  of  frequencies  available  are  tre- 
mendous, usually  running  from  one  megacycle  to  several 
hundred  megacycles.  Sometimes  the  power  supply  is  rec- 
tified and  filtered,  and  sometimes  "raw"  AC  is  fed  to  the 
plates  of  the  tubes. 

With  the  possibility  of  future  restrictions,  it  is  possible 
either  that  radiation  will  of  necessity  be  cut  to  zero  or  some 
tolerable  value  with  intricate  shielding,  or  the  oscillators 
will  have  a  series  of  designated  frequency  bands  in  which 
to  work.  In  either  case,  the  first  costs  will  become  a  bit 
higher  than  that  for  present  equipment.  If  the  band  widths 
are  small,  it  will  be  necessary  to  use  an  oscillator-power 
amplifier  arrangement  with  a  well-filtered  power  supply,  or 
possibly  even  a  crystal  controlled  oscillator.  Shielding  of 
large  commercial  installations  is  not  always  possible. 

In  the  commercial  lamination  of  large  cross  sections  of 
soft  woods  it  is  not  desirable  to  use  resins  with  too  high  a 
setting  temperature.  Quite  a  bit  of  trouble  is  experienced 
with  those  heated  to  about  250°  because  of  the  rapid  gen- 
eration of  steam  within  the  piece,  which  causes  a  ruptur- 
ing of  cell  walls  if  the  heating  is  not  carried  out  with  ex- 
treme care.  For  this  major  reason  an  intermediate  temper- 
ature phenolic  resin  is  usually  used  with  such  woods  as 
spruce  and  fir  if  the  total  material  thickness  exceeds  3". 

Because  there  is  an  excessive  compression  of  these  softer 
woods,  a  maximum  pressure  exists  for  production  of  opti- 
mum strength.  In  aircraft,  when  using  Sitka  spruce  with 
a  moisture  content  of  6-8%,  heated  to  200-220°  F  for  15-45 
min,  this  optimum  pressure  is  about  80-90  psi.  Above  this 
value,  excessive  compression  occurs  without  a  proportion- 


Pictured  here  are  the  same  jog  and  gluing  operations  ai  are 
shown  in  the  sketch,  together  with  the  high  frequency  machine 


JUNE  194:> 


68 


High  frequency  press  and  jog  for  stack  gluing  bulkhead  capstrips  to  web  assembly  on  jettison  fuel  tank 


ate  increase  in  strength.     At  this  value,  some  compression 
occurs,  but  it  is  not  excessive. 

In  the  heating  of  soft  woods  or  medium  hard  woods  con- 
sisting of  thin  laminates  of  a  moisture  content  of  6-10% 
over  a  male  form  of  a  radius  of  less  than  6-10  times  the 
thickness  of  the  total  layup,  there  is  a  decided  tendency  for 
the  outer  laminations  to  pull  away  from  the  central  ones, 
and  even  to  wrinkle.  This  occurs  even  with  a  multi-section- 


The  exterior  of  a  high  frequency  thermal  unit  show- 
ing the  operating  controls  and  control  instruments 


alized  pressure  if  the  temperature  exceeds  150°.  The  cause 
of  this  phenomenon  has  been  found  to  be  the  excessive  com- 
pression of  the  wood  locked  in  the  nose  section,  even  with  a 
sectionalized  pressure  applicator.  The  remedy  for  this  situa- 
tion is  the  use  of  a  hot-setting  phenolic  resin  that  is  not 
appreciably  precured  until  a  very  high  temperature  is 
reached.  Pressure  is  placed  on  the  nose  section  and  the 
entire  section  is  heated  until  a  large  percentage  of  nose 
compression  has  occurred.  Pressure  may  then  be  applied 
to  the  entire  piece. 

In  preheating  Compreg  preforms,  there  is  experienced  a 
violent  exothermic  reaction  evidently  between  the  resin 
and  the  wood.  If  heating  is  carried  out  too  rapidly  with 
tF,  there  is  danger  of  an  acceleration  of  the  resin- wood 
reaction  to  a  noncontrollable  point.  Added  to  this  is  the  fact 
that  RF  produces  a  higher  temperature  in  the  center  of  a 
piece  of  work,  which  tends  to  accelerate  this  reaction  even 
more.  If  the  heating  rate  is  not  delicately  controlled  by 
suitable  voltage  gradient  adjustment,  there  is  a  danger  of 
an  explosion  of  the  piece  being  heated. 

Used  with  Cold-Set  Resins 

The  use  of  radio  frequency  dielectric  heating  is  not  lim- 
ited to  those  applications  in  which  high  temperature  phe- 
nolic or  medium  temperature  phenolic  resins  are  used  as 
laminating  bonds.  Many  applications  in  the  aircraft  in- 
dustry use  cold-setting  catalyzed  urea  resins  or  catalyzed 
phenolic  or  resorcinol  resins.  The  cold  setting  time  is  usu- 
ally from  6-8  hr.  Since  tying  up  jigs  for  such  a  length  of 
time  would  be  uneconomical,  the  curing  of  these  resins,  in 
many  uses,  may  be  accelerated  appreciably  by  heating  to 
150-200°  F,  thus  reducing  the  curing  time  between  several 
minutes  and  a  half  houi  If  the  geometry  of  the  material 
is  such  as  to  cause  a  difficulty  in  surface  heating,  a  high 
frequency  heating  method  is  most  desirable.  This  is  usu- 
ally the  case  if  the  thickness  of  the  wood  to  the  most  re- 
mote glue  line  to  be  heated  is  more  than  %".  In  many 
cases  such  as  this  there  is  no  economic  advantage  in  surface 
heating  acceleration  over  cold-setting  procedures. 

In  conduction  heating  of  resin  glue  lines  by  radio  fre- 
(Contimied  on  page  125) 


54 


JUNE  1945 


DoALL 


PLASTICS 
OF  ALL 
KINDS 


LAMINATES 


This  sensational  saw  is  making  history  in  war 
plants  today  and  when  civilian  goods  are  again 
in  production,  many  of  the  new  materials  will  be 
used  and  cut  with  this  same  saw — the  DoALL 
Buttress,  which  fits  any  band  sawing  machine. 

Its  special  construction  —  with  wider  spaced, 
extra  hard  teeth  —  means  ample  chip  clearance, 
no  clogging,  longer  saw  life.  The  sum  total 
is  quicker,  smoother  straight-line  and  contour 
cutting. 

NO  RE-SHARPENING 

The  Buttress  holds  its  edge  until  it's  worn  out  — 
without  re-sharpening.  It  is  then  replaced  with 
a  brand  new  band.  This  means  no  lost  time,  no 
work  stoppages. 


CwitoiuS»in{ 


IMMEDIATE  DELIVERY 


Various  widths  and  pitches  —  a  proper  one  for 
each  job.  Available  at  all  our  supply  points. 

FREE  LABORATORY  SERVICE 

Saves  industry  thousands  of  dollars  every  month. 
If  you  have  trouble  cutting  some  material  be- 
cause of  hardness,  sponginess,  brittleness,  etc., 
send  us  sample.  Our  research  engineers  will 
make  tests  until  they  find  the  proper  saw  and 
speed  for  your  job. 


IrVrif*  for  literature  about  the  surprising 
performance  of  the  DoALL  Buttress 

UUU 


HJ 

MukbMi 


INDUSTRY'S     NEW     SET     OF     TOOLS 
THE  DoALL  COMPANY 

245    N.    Laurel    Ave.,    DCS   Plaines,   III. 


Solo  4  S«rv/c»  OMicox:  Baltimore    Biimintham.  Boston.  Buffalo.  Chicato.  Cincinnati.  Cleveland.  Dallas.  Dayton   Den»ei.  Oltioit.  El  Paso    Eril.  Giand  Rapids. 
Hartford   Houston,  Indianapolis.  Kansas  Citi.  Los  Anttlis.  Milwaukee.  Minneapolis.  New  York.  Orlando.  Philadelphia.  Pitlibuiih.  Piondence    Readme..  Rochester 

ftocktord.  SI   Louis   San  Francisco   Seattle.  Statesville.  Syracuse   Toledo.  Tvlsa 


JUNE  1945 


!•  I.  .1ST  I  <  S 


56 


Determining1  the 
Flammability  of 
Thermosetting  Materials 


Jl.   QaL, 


W.  Slevarl      and         .  & 


Chemical  Engineer 
U.  S.  Navy  Yard   Material   Laboratory 


Chemist  Electrical    Engineer 

Bureau   of  Ships,    U.   S.   Navy    Dept. 


Newly-Developed  Apparatus  for 
Testing  Flame  Resistance  on  a 
Quantitative  and  Exact  Basis 


FLAMMABILITY  is  one  of  the  most  widely  discussed 
and  controversial  problems  in  the  plastics  industry,  yet 
a  review  of  methods  presently  employed  for  determining  this 
characteristic  shows  them  to  be  inadequate  for  comparative 
purposes,  and,  for  most  thermosetting  plastics,  entirely 
qualitative  in  nature. 

Present  methods  for  testing  thermosetting  materials  make 
it  impossible  to  rate  them  more  specifically  than  as  self- 
extinguishing. 

The  need  for  a  simple,  yet  comprehensive  method  of 
evaluating  flammability  on  a  quantitative  basis  is  readily 
apparent,  particularly  in  view  of  the  recent  advances  made 
toward  improving  the  flame-resistance  of  many  plastics. 

These  facts  impelled  the  authors  to  investigate  the  pos- 
sibility of  developing  suitable  means  for  determining  the 
flame-resistant  characteristics  of  thermosetting  plastics  on 
a  quantitative,  specific  and  scientifically  exact  basis.1 


A  flame-resistant  material,  as  defined  for  this  investiga- 
tion, is  one  possessing  the  following  characteristics : 

High  ignition  temperature 

Low   burning  time 

Absence  of  smoldering  after  the  flame  is  extinguished 

Retention  of  mechanical  strength  after  burning 

Minimum  distortion  caused  by  exposure  t*  test  conditions 

The  Section  on  Flammability  of  Subcommittee  III  on 
Thermal  Properties,  ASTM  Committee  D-20  on  Plastics, 
has  recently  reported  two  methods  for  testing  of  materials 
classed  as  self-extinguishing  in  ASTM  Standard  Method 
of  Test  for  Flammability  of  Plastics  Over  0.050"  in  Thick- 
ness (D  635  -  44)2,  one  is  a  modification  of  this  method,3 
the  other  makes  use  of  a  globar  heating  element  operating 
at  950°  C.4  The  principle  of  both  methods  is  basically  the 
same;  the  end  of  the  specimen  is  held  to  the  ignition  source 
for  a  specified  period  of  time  and  flammability  determined 
in  terms  of  length  of  burned  portion  and  weight  loss  of  the 
specimen  after  the  source  of  heat  has  been  removed.  The 
specimen  is  supported  in  a  horizontal  position  in  both  in- 
stances. 

The  method  which  has  been  devised  and  found  satisfac- 
tory for  determining  the  flame  characteristics  of  thermoset- 
ting plastics  was  developed  in  the  Material  Laboratory, 
Navy  Yard,  New  York,  at  the  request  of  the  Bureau  of 
Ships  and  is  an  adaptation  of  the  method  presently  used 
by  the  Navy  Department  for  determining  the  flame  resist- 
ance of  electric  shipboard  cables.5'6  A  Nichrome  wire  coil 
is  used  as  the  heating  element,  with  the  specimen  supported 
in  a  vertical  position  within  the  coil.  Materials  are  rated 
in  terms  of  ignition  time,  or  time  required  to  ignite  the 
specimen  after  the  coil  is  energized ;  and  burning  time,  or 
time  required  for  self-extinguishment  of  the  flame  after  the 
coil  current  is  shut  off.  The  amount  of  distortion  caused  by 
burning  is  noted  and,  where  possible,  the  mechanical 
strength  of  the  specimen  after  test  is  determined. 

The  equipment  consists  of  a  specimen  support,  heater 
coil,  and  spark  plugs,  arranged  in  an  enclosure  of  sufficient 
size.  The  enclosure  is  provided  with  vent  holes,  distributed 
around  the  sides  adjacent  to  the  base,  to  admit  fresh  air 
and  an  exhaust  fan  at  the  top,  operated  at  minimum  suction 
just  sufficient  to  carry  off  smoke  and  gases.  The  specimen 
support  is  an  ordinary  four-jaw  lathe  chuck  suitably  se- 
cured to  the  base  of  the  enclosure.  A  sliding  door  at  the 
front  of  the  enclosure,  with  shatterproof  glass  window,  per- 
mits access  to  the  equipment  and  a  clear  view  of  the  inte- 
rior. Details  of  the  equipment,  with  the  test  specimen  in 
position,  are  shown  in  Figs.  1,  2,  and  3. 

The  heater  coil  consists  of  seven  turns  of  No.  10  (0.102" 


Fig.   1.    Close-up  of  the  spark  plugs,  heater  coil  and  supporting 
lugs.     Note    the   specimen    in    position    for   flammability   test 


56 


JUNE  1945 


ART  PLASTIC  COMPANY 


1  •  •  •     MATERIALS* 


compounds  "M."  "E."  "R"—  nonprlorlty  materials  which 
can  be  compounded  In  many  colon  ior  a  wide  variety  of  uses. 


2  .  .  .   TOOLING****   For  temporary,  production,  duplicate  production  tooling,  for  experi- 
mental design  models,  cast  plastic  tools  can  be  used  profitably  when 
applied  properly. 
.  .  .  Our  service  can  be  obtained  in  two  ways 

(a)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  us 

(b)  Manufacture  of  tools  by  yourself  with  our  material  and  as- 
sistance 

.  .  .  Tool  applications  Include:  Drill  jigs,  Keller  Model*,  routing  fix- 
tures, assembly  and  checking  fixtures,  patterns,  molds,  form  blocks, 
mandrels  for  forming  plastics,  laminates  and  plywoods. 


PRODUCTION. 


(a)  CASTINGS  . .  .  small  or  large,  simple  or  intricate  .  .  .  using  phe- 
nolic resins,  plaster,  Lucite,  Formrite  and  other  casting  materials  as 
prescribed . . . 

. . .  using  a  variety  of  mold  materials  such  as  plaster,  rubber,  gela- 
tine, wax.  sample  parts  or  models  as  required  . . . 

...  for  Industry,  Scientific  and  Medical  Reproductions,  Art  Work 
and  Advertising  Displays  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions. 

(b)  RUBBER  .  .  .  facilities  available  for  processing  synthetic  and  nat- 
ural rubber  by  the  dip,  cast  and  other  methods. 

(c)  Miscellaneous  production  items  using  latest  forming,  fabricating, 
assembly  and  manufacturing  processes. 


EXPERIMENTAL 
DEVELOPMENT.  . . 


.  .  .  Our  laboratories  are  available  for  the  development  of  your  ex- 
perimental or  production  problems  utilizing  our  diversified  experience 
in  design,  sculpture,  art  work,  preparation  and  reproduction  of 
original  models,  plaster  work,  tooling  techniques,  mold  making,  sub- 
stitution of  materials,  product  and  process  development  .  .  .  For  In- 
dustrial, Scientific  and  Commercial  Items  .  .  .  Problems  on  unusual 
and  difficult  Jobs  are  our  specialty. 


...LET   US  WORK  ON  YOUR  PROBLEM... 

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HITT.nhout.   1448 


JUNE  1945 


I*  I.  A  STIC  S 


57 


Figs.  2  and  3.  The  entire  test  apparatus  is  illustrated, 
together  with  a  close-up  from  the  front  of  the  same  ac- 
cessories as  are  illustrated  from  another  angle  in  Fig.  1 


diameter)  Nichrome  resistance  wire,  space  wound  to  0.25" 
per  turn  and  1  3/16"  inside  diameter.  The  coil  ends  are 
clamped  into  heavy  copper  lugs  with  the  axis  of  the  coil 
coincident  with  the  axis  through  the  opening  in  the  speci- 
men support  and  with  the  lower  end  of  the  coil  l/2"  above 
the  top  of  the  support. 

Two  spark  plugs  with  extended  electrodes,  diametrically 
opposite,  are  placed  with  their  longitudinal  center  lines  in 
a  horizontal  plane  l/2"  above  the  top  of  the  heater  coil,  to 
ignite  gases  emitted  from  the  heated  specimen.  The  spark 
plugs  are  mounted  in  such  a  manner  that  they  may  be  moved 
to  within  l/i"  of  the  surface  of  the  specimen  when  in  opera- 
tion or  away  from  the  specimen  after  ignition  occurs,  so 
as  to  prevent  their  electrodes  from  becoming  fouled  by  soot. 
A  suitable  electric  circuit  is  provided  to  maintain  continu- 
ous sparking  at  the  electrodes. 

Current  is  supplied  to  the  heater  coil  through  the  heavy 
lugs  which  are,  in  turn,  connected  to  the  secondary  of  a 
transformer.  Current  is  controlled  by  means  of  a  variable 
auto-transformer  in  the  primary. 

Specimens  j4"Xi/i"X5",  of  the  type  commonly  used  for 
flexural  strength  tests,  were  used.  Samples  of  molded  ma- 
terials were  fabricated  to  finished  dimensions  in  a  stand- 
ard test  mold  and  laminated  samples  were  cut  from  l/2" 
thick  sheet  stock. 

Method  of  Test 

The  heating  coil  was  clamped  into  the  copper  lugs,  the 
specimen  inserted  into  the  support  so  that  it  extended  2" 
above  the  top  of  the  coil  and  the  spark  plugs  moved  into 
position  near  the  specimen.  A  centering  device  consisting 
of  a  wooden  mandrel  1%2V  in  diameter  with  a  J%2"  square 
opening  in  its  center  was  used  to  center  the  specimen  ex- 
actly within  the  coil.  Tests  were  conducted  with  a  current 
of  55  amp  passing  through  the  heating  coil.  To  insure 
similar  starting  conditions  for  all  samples  the  coil  was  pre- 
heated for  50  sec  at  operating  current  and  allowed  to  cool 
for  100  sec  before  the  specimen  was  inserted  into  the  sup- 
port. The  variable  auto-transformer  was  adjusted  in  the 
preheat  period  to  provide  a  current  of  55  amp  with  the 
coil  hot.  ( It  should  be  noted  that  the  coil  current  is  greater 
than  55  amp  for  a  short  period  of  time  after  the  coil  is 
energized.  No  attempt  was  made  to  compensate  for  this 
since  the  increase  amounted  to  only  1  amp  and  the  current 
adjusted  itself  to  55  amp  within  10  sec.) 

A  stop  watch  was  started  simultaneously  with  the  ener- 
gizing of  the  heater  coil  and  spark  plugs.  The  ignition 
time  was  noted,  ignition  being  considered  as  occurring  when 
the  flame  transferred  from  the  escaping  gases  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  specimen  and  continued  there,  disregarding  the 
momentary  flashes  which  occurred  in  the  gassing  space 
prior  to  the  sustained  flame. 

Heating  was  continued  for  30  sec  after  ignition  occurred, 
at  which  time  the  current  to  the  coil  was  shut  off.  The 
burning  time  of  the  specimen  was  taken  as  the  time  required 
for  the  flame  to  extinguish  itself  after  the  heater  coil  was 
de-energized. 

To  determine  approximately  the  ignition  temperatures 
of  the  various  materials,  a  time-temperature  curve  was  de- 
veloped (Fig.  4).  Samples  of  materials  which  had  been 
found  to  be  least  distorted  by  the  flame  test  were  used. 
These  included  mineral-filled  melamine,  asbestos  fabric 
filled  phenolic  and  grade  A  A  (Navy  type  FBH)  materials. 
Specimens  were  prepared  by  notching  them  on  one  edge 
and  firmly  affixing  an  iron-constantan  thermocouple  so  that 
the  junction  was  flush  with  the  edge  of  the  specimen.  The 
specimen  was  placed  in  the  support  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  thermocouple  junction  was  midway  between  the  top 
and  the  bottom  of  the  heater  coil.  The  coil  was  energized 
and  the  temperature  at  the  junction  noted  at  30-sec  inter- 


58 


JUNE  1945 


vals  with  a  potentiometer  until  ignition  occurred.    The  coil 
current  was  kept  constant  at  55  amp. 

The  mechanical  strength  of  the  material  after  exposure 
to  flame  is  a  factor  which  has  not  heretofore  been  con- 
sidered in  evaluating  flame  •  resistance.  Obviously,  a  ma- 
terial whose  strength  has  been  reduced  to  the  extent  where 
it  will  collapse  at  slight  pressure  cannot  practicably  be  con- 
sidered flame  resistant,  irrespective  of  its  ignition  time, 
burning  time,  or  other  similar  characteristics.  This  can 
best  be  illustrated  by  assuming  a  large  panel  board  upon 
which  may  be  mounted  thousands  of  dollars  worth  of  valu- 
able instruments.  In  the  event  that  the  panel  board  was 
exposed  to  a  sudden  flash  of  flame,  sufficient  to  cause  igni- 
tion, far  more  damage  would  result  if  the  entire  board  col- 
lapsed than  could  possibly  be  caused  by  the  flame  itself. 
The  flexural  strength  of  some  of  the  materials  after  burn- 
ing was  determined  and  compared  with  the  strength  before 
burning  in  order  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  this  reduction. 

Results  of  Investigation 

Tests  were  conducted  using  the  16  molded  and  10  lami- 
nated types  of  thermosetting  plastics  shown  in  Table  1,  to- 
gether  with  values  of  ignition  time,  burning  time,  and  igni- 
tion temperature,  as  determined  from  Fig.  4.  The  values 
of  ignition  and  burning  times  are  the  averages  of  three  in- 
dividual tests. 

The  burning  characteristics  exhibited  by  the  materials 
may  be  divided  into  three  general  classifications.  These, 
in  order  of  decreasing  suitability  as  regards  flame  resist- 
ance, are : 

(1)  Materials  to  which  burning  was  either  confined 
only  to  the  surface  of  the  specimen  or  to  slight  charring  of 
the  interior. 

(2)  Materials  which  become  completely  carbonized  and 
brittle. 

(3)  Materials  which  continued  to  smolder  for  l/t  to  1 
hr  after  the  flame  was  extinguished,  leaving  a. fine  powdery 
ash  as  a  residue. 

Portions  of  the  burned  samples  are  shown  in  Figs.  5  and 
6.  The  samples  of  mineral-filled  molded  materials  [except 
type  7(a)]  and  grade  A  A,  glass-base  and  asbestos- web- 


too 

900 
°  400 
!  300 
200 
100 

0 

^ 

^ 

^ 

x 

<* 

^ 

s 

7> 

s 

j 

/ 

^ 

/ 

( 

/ 

/ 

J 

/ 

I 

too                               zoo                                i 

IGNITION       TIME   -    SECONDS 

Fig.  4.  Ignition  temperature  conversion  curve — temperature 
vs  time.   The  coil  current  here  li  kept  constant  at  55  amp 


base  laminated  materials  were  sectioned  in  order  to  ascer- 
tain the  extent  of  burning  into  the  interior  of  the  sample. 
The  above  classifications  are  noted  for  each  sample  in  Ta- 
ble 1. 

The  flexural  strength  of  molded  cellulose-filled,  lami- 
nated paper-base,  and  laminated  cellulose  fabric-base  mate- 
rials was,  for  all  practical  purposes,  zero.  All  could  be 
easily  broken  when  tapped  lightly  after  they  had  been 
burned.  Mineral  and  asbestos  fabric-filled  molded  mate- 
rials and  grade  AA,  glass-base  and  asbestos-web-base  lami- 
nated materials  did  not  break  when  dropped  to  the  floor 
from  a  height  of  2  ft.  Flexural  strength  subsequent  to  the 
flame  test  was  determined  for  mineral-filled  melamine,  grade 
AA,  asbestos-web-base,  and  glass-base  materials.  The  val- 


TABLE  1 . — Results  of  Flame  Resistance  Tests 


ASTM  Type  or  Grade  < 


Navy  Type 


Burning 

Classification 


Ignition 
Time  (Sec)  b 


Burning 
Time  (Sec)  < 


Ignition 

Temp.  (Degree,  O  * 


MOLDED  PLASTICS 


Type  2(e)                 

\ 

(. 

86.  .. 

298. 

340 

M 

',  CFG  

Carbonized  —  brittle. 

....{: 

103... 
107.... 

315. 
260. 

380 
385 

Type3  
Type  4  
Type  5(o)  

CH-5  
CFI-10  

Smoldered  
Smoldered  
•  Carbonized  —  brittle. 

128... 
150... 
74..  . 

282. 
262. 
303. 

420 
450 
310 

(b)  
(e)  

I  CR-20  

1  Smoldered  
(....Smoldered  



123.... 
142... 

243. 
259. 

410 
440 

Type  6  

CFI-40  

Carbonized  —  brittle. 
i  .  .  .  .Carbonized  —  brittle. 



121... 
120.  .. 

257. 
244. 

410 
410 

(b)  

i  MFE  

(  •••  .Surface  charring.  .  .  . 
1  .  .  .  .  Surface  charring  .... 



128... 
153... 

229. 
213. 

420 
455 

Type  9  
Asbeitoi  fabric  (phenolic). 
Alpha  cellulose  (melamine) 
Mineral  filled  melamine.  .  . 

MFG  
MFI  
CFI-5  
MFG  

Surface  charring.  .  .  . 
Surface  charring.  .  .  . 
Carbonized  —  brittle. 
Surface  charring  .... 



315... 
177... 
236... 
324... 

52. 
214. 
44. 
52. 

600  + 
490 
555 
600 

LAMINATED   PLASTICS 


Grade  XXX  

PBE  
PBM  

Carbonized  —  brittle  
Carbonized  —  brittle.  .  .  . 

108. 
99. 

437. 
427. 

385 
370 

Grade  LE  
Grade  CE  I 

FBE  

Carbonized  —  brittle.  .  .  . 
/.  .  .  .  Smoldered  

121. 
120. 

356. 
260. 

410 
410 

(b)  \ 

FBG  

.  .  .  .  .Carbonized  —  brittle  
{....  Carbonized  —  brittle  

150. 
290. 

406. 
75. 

450 
600+ 

..  ..FBM  

Smoldered  

88. 

388. 

350 

Grade  AA  

FBH  

Surface  charring  

175. 
152. 

199. 
36. 

485 
455 

Glass  fabric  base  

GBG  

Surface  charring  

222. 

140. 

540 

o  (o),  (b),  |c)  <»no»»  torn*  lyp»  o«  mol»f!ol  lobrkot»d  by  dm"*/**!  manufacturer!, 
b  Ignition  Tim»— tim»  required  (or  lompl.  to  lgn»«  ofl»r  looting  coll  i«  witrgiltd,  cufr.nl — 55  amp. 
c  turning  Tifn« — Hm«  required  (of  I«l(-»»tlnguii>iii««nt  o(  «>•  tarn*  all*!  htoling  coll  l>  d«-*n«rg!i<d. 
d  Ignrtw.  t*mp«roltm — 01  d«t»rmln»d  (ram  Fig.  4. 


TYPE  2-lA)  TYPE  2-(B) 

TYPE  2-<C) 


I  TYPE  3 

i 


ALPHA 

CELLULOSE 
FILLED 

MELAMINE 


TYPE  4        TYPES-(A) 


TYPES-<B)    TYPES-tC)    TYPE  6 


GRADE  GRADE 

CE-(C)  A  A 


MINERAL      ASBESTOS 

FILLED        FABRIC 
MELAMINE     FILLED 


ASBESTOS 

WEB  GLASS 

BASE  BASE 


GRADE 


H 


Figs.  5  and  6.    Molded  (left)  and  laminated  (right)  specimens  after  the  flame  test 


ues  of  flexural  strength  after  burning  are  shown  in  Table  2, 
together  with  flexural  strength  before  burning. 

The  average  deviation  from  the  mean  of  the  results 
noted  in  Table  1  was  15  sec  or  less,  both  ior  ignition  time 
and  for  burning  time.  The  specimen  to  specimen  variation 
for  the  same  material  may  be  attributed  partially  to  lack 
of  constant  conditions  in  the  test  equipment,  such  as  cur- 
rent variations  and  changes  in  air  draft,  and  partially  to 
nonuniformity  of  the  material  itself. 

The  degree  of  flame  resistance,  as  previously  defined,  of 
the  various  types  of  plastics  materials  was  easily  deter- 
mined when  samples  were  tested  in  accordance  with  the 
above  method  of  test. 

Considerable  difference  of  ignition  time  and  burning 
time  was  noted  between  the  respective  types  and  between 
samples  of  the  same  type,  as  supplied  by  different  manu- 
facturers. Reproducibility  of  results,  however,  for  differ- 
ent samples  of  the  same  materials  was  good.  With  respect 
to  ignition  and  burning  time,  it  was  found  that  the  mela- 
mine resin  plastics  had  better  flame-resistant  characteristics 
than  most  of  the  phenolic  resin  materials. 

TABLE  2.— Flexural  Strength 

Application  Flexural 

of  Stress          Strength  (psi)       Average 
with  Respect  Reduc- 

Navy    to  Molding      Before        After      tion  in 
Type      Pressure       Burning     Burning    Strength 


Mineral  filled  melamine.. 

.MFG. 

..Parallel. 

..10900. 

3100.1 

!T/\ 

Normal. 

..11  600. 

3900. 

.70 

Grade   AA  

.FBH.. 

..Parallel. 

..15400. 

3350. 

.,, 

Normal  . 

..15300. 

3550. 

.75 

Asbestos-web  base  

..Parallel. 

..30700. 

7300. 

. 

Normal  . 

..32200. 

16000. 

.65 

Glass-fabric  base  

.GBG. 

..Parallel. 

..27500. 

5400. 

Normal. 

..36700. 

6850. 

" 

Generally,  the  mineral-filled  materials  (including  asbes- 
tos and  glass-base  materials)  were  found  to  be  least  affected 
by  exposure  to  test  conditions.  They  retained  some  sem- 
blance of  mechanical  strength  after  burning  and  resisted 
the  effect  of  flame  to  a  greater  extent  than  the  cellulose- 
filled  materials.  All  of  the  cellulosic  type  specimens  either 
carbonized  completely  or  continued  to  smolder  after  being 
tested.  Mechanical  strength  was  nil  in  both  instances. 
Smoldering  would  be  particularly  undesirable,  because  of 
the  possibility  of  ignition  of  explosive  gas  mixtures  when 
in  confined  quarters. 

On  the  basis  of  the  above  discussion,  it  would  appear 
that  a  mineral-filled  melamine  material  would  be  well  suited 
for  flame-resistant  applications  (providing,  of  course,  the 
electrical  and  mechanical  properties  are  suitable).  The 
results  obtained  for  this  type  of  material  substantiate  this 
deduction.  The  sample  tested  had  an  ignition  time  of  324 
sec,  a  burning  time  of  52  sec,  a  flexural  strength  after 
burning  of  over  30%  of  its  initial  strength,  and  was  only 
slightly  warped  by  burning. 

The  values  obtained  in  the  performance  of  the  test  are  of 
such  a  nature  that  they  can  be  quickly  and  easily  converted 
into  their  more  practical  aspect;  the  determination  of  the 
ignition  temperature  of  the  material.  The  importance  of 
this  value  is  self-evident,  in  that  the  ultimate  user  of  the 
plastics  is  concerned  only  with  the  maximum  temperature 
to  which  the  material  may  be  exposed  without  immediate 
failure. 

Conclusions 

The  above  method  of  test  affords  a  quantitative  indica- 
tion of  the  comparative  flame  resistance  of  materials  for- 
merly classified  only  as  self-extinguishing.    The  differences 
in  the  flammability  characteristics,  as  imparted  by  the  in- 
(Continued  on  page  126) 


60 


PLASTtCS 


JUNE  1945 


PRODUCT  DESIGN 


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In  production. 

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MACHINE  DESIGNING 


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40  EXCHANGE  PLACE  NEW  YORK  5.    N 

HANOVEB  2-7765 


COMPLETE  DtSION  SERVICE 


JUNE  1945 


I »  I .  A STICS 


61 


VISIBILITY  UNLIMITED -WITH 


~N  today's  helicopter,  aircraft  engineers  find 
f  \  another  place  to  put  strong,  crystal-clear, 
light-weight  PLEXIGLAS  to  work.  Known  for  its 
years  of  service  on  every  type  of  Army  and  Navy 
plane  as  "aviation's  standard  transparent  plas- 
tic," PLEXIGLAS  is  the  logical  choice  for  the  nose 

O 

section  of  this  newest  development  in  the  nation's 
wartime  aviation  progress. 

On  the  Sikorsky  R-5  pictured  here,  a  large  one- 
piece  nose  of  PLEXIGLAS  gives  the  pilot  a  clear 
and  unrestricted  view... facilitates  rescue  work 
and  evacuation  of  wounded.  Weight  is  saved  in 
two  ways:  by  the  elimination  of  metal  framework, 
and  by  the  lightness-with-strength  of  PLEXIGLAS 


itself.  By  a  combination  of  stretch  and  vacuum 
forming,  R-5  noses  of  PLEXIGLAS  are  now  being 
produced  on  a  volume  basis. 

This  application  is  one  more  example  of  the 
wide  range  of  possibilities  for  forming  large  sheets 
of  PLEXIGLAS  into  three-dimensional  sections  — 
possibilities  having  very  great  significance  to  the 
fabricator  or  buyer  desiring  to  take  advantage  of 
the  remarkable  combination  of  properties  offered 
by  PLEXIGLAS.  For  technical  advice  or  assistance, 
call  or  write  our  nearest  office:  Philadelphia, 
Detroit,  Los  Angeles,  Chicago,  Cleveland,  New 
York.  Canadian  Distributor:  Hobbs  Glass  Ltd., 
Montreal. 


ONLY  ROHM  &  HAAS  MAKES    PleXlglttS  CRYSTAL-CLEAR  ACRYLIC  SHEETS 

AND  MOLDING  POWDERS 

PLEXIGLAS  u  the  trade-mark,  Reg.  V.  S.  Pat.  Off.tfor  the  acrylic  resin  thermoplastic  sheets  and  molding  ponders  manufactured  by  Rohm  &  Haas  Company. 
Represented  by  Cia.  Rohm  y  Haas,  S.R.L.,  Carlos  Pellegrini  331,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  and  agents  in  principal  South  American  cities. 


ROHM 


HAAS   COMPANY 


ii  .tsui  \t;ro\  soi  nth:,  run.  tnn.i'iu  t.  1-1. 

Manufacturers  of  Chemicals  including  Plastics  .  .  .  Synthetic  Insieticidis  .  ,  .  Finjicides  .  .  .  Eniymts  .  .  .  Chemicals  (or  >ht  Itatntr.  Tiitili'M  idler  Indistrui 


m 


II! 


Drawings  by  lulian  Kiupa.   Plastics'  Art  Department 


Industrial  Designers  Present  Their  Visualization 
of  Plastics   Applications  to  Post-War  Products 

(PLASTICS  welcome*  designers'  contributioni  to  this  department) 


Op*;. 


. ;;     i ;     !•(• 


;*vi 


^>  *  ^  *  *' 


HM 


!iM 


r/x'  's'ssSy 'X/%- 

•%%%%& 


Understanding 
Plastics  Chemistr 


Firestone  "Velon"  will  be  available  to  the  public  after  the  war  in  a  wide  variety  of  styles  and  patterns 


KJU   oljr.   \jeor 


Part  II —  Uniformity  of  Chemical 
Structure  and  Properties  Can  Be 
Developed  Under  Strict  Control 
of  All  Manufacturing  Conditions 


IN  Part  1  of  this  series,  it  was  shown  how  cellulose  de- 
rivatives (plastics)  are  prepared  from  cellulose  (fiber) 
merely  by  changing  the  chemical  groups  in  the  side  chains. 
The  essential  part  of  the  high  polymers,  the  backbone,  re- 
mains unchanged.  It  is  the  purpose  of  this  article  to  show 
how  polymers,  i.e.,  long-chain  molecules  made  up  of  recur- 
ring units,  are  built  up  of  monomers,  the  recurring  units, 
to  produce  plastics  materials.  These  are,  therefore,  new 
materials,  designed  and  built  by  man  and  unlike  anything 
produced  by  nature.  Application  of  human  intelligence  is 
shown  not  only  in  the  development  of  materials  of  prede- 
termined characteristics,  but  also  in  the  uniformity  of  the 
products,  produced  under  carefully  controlled  conditions, 
an  attribute  lacking  in  natural  products,  due  to  differences 
in  raw  materials,  environment  or  other  factors.  This  is 
what  the  word  synthetic  means  in  this  application;  new 
man-made  materials  superior  to  natural  products. 

The   first  plastics  :were  developed  to  be  imitations  of 


.  (terotner 


natural  products.  Thus,  Celluloid  was  to  be  artificial  ivory  ; 
casein  plastic*,  artificial  horn,  and  so  on.  These  were  de- 
veloped by  trial-and-error,  the  chemical  structure  was  but 
vaguely  comprehended  and  control  of  properties  and  uni- 
formity of  product  were  not  too  good.  Today,  the  picture 
is  quite  different.  Plastics  are  developed  to  have  definite 
specific  properties  (within  limits  as  noted  in  the  previous 
article)  which  follow  from  chemical  structures  blue-printed 
in  advance.  Strict  control  of  conditions  during  manufac- 
ture and  fabrication  insure  uniformity  of  structure  and 
hence  of  properties.  This  is  due  to  a  number  of  factors, 
not  the  least  of  which  is  the  application  of  the  theory  of 
high  polymers  to  plastics. 

Vinyl  polymers  are  the  polymerization  products  of  vinyl 
monomers,  while  under  vinyl-like  polymers  are  grouped 
those  plastics  and  rubbers  resulting  from  polymerization 
of  monomers  having  vinyl  groups  at  the  ends  of  chains. 

H     H 

I      I 
The  vinyl  group  is  C  =  C.     The  mechanics  of  polymeriza- 

I       I 

H     R 

tion  is  to  indicate  merely  the  release  of  one  of  the.  double 
bonds  giving  each  C  a  free  bond  to  use  linearly,  thus 


H 
I 

C 
I 
H 


H 
I 

C 
I 
R 


it  is  by  no  means  a  simple  reaction,  requiring  care- 


ful  control  of  temperatures  and  the  presence  of  a  catalyst, 


64 


PLAST1CS 


JUNE  1945 


SAFE  DEPOSIT  BOXES 


/ 


FROM  THE  PX... 


clue  to  better  packaging 
for  tools  or  textiles 
•  •  •  candy  or  cosmetics 


For  countless  postwar  packages,  the  cellulosics  promise  a  new 
high  in  saleability  and  economy.  Outstanding  war-time  examples 
are  these  soap  and  toothbrush  boxes,  molded  by  Boonton  Molding  Co. 
from  cellulose  acetate  for  Lester  D.  Lawson.  Demands  in  1943-1944 
alone  exceeded  4,000,000!  Why?  Largely  because  GI's  and  bluejackets 
found  them  sturdy  enough  to  serve  many  other  needs  ...  as 
shaving  mugs,  receptacles  for  valuables,  even  as  mailing  containers! 

If  you  seek  increased  sales  with  dual-use  packages  or  extra  eye-appeal, 
the  cellulosics  offer  unequalled  toughness,  luster,  light  weight, 
unlimited  color  range— plus  the  savings  of  high-speed  injection 
molding  and  production-line  packaging. 


Toughnets 

and  grease  resistance 
for  tool  packagm 


Transparent 

protection  for  shirts 

or  sheets 


Light  weight 

and  lustrous  color  for 

cosmetic  containers 


ffEKCUlES 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE 
CELLULOSE  NITRATE 
ETHYL  CELLULOSE 


Hercules  does  not  make  plastics  or  molding  powder,  but  supplies  the  high-quality  cellulose  derivatives  from  which  they  are  made.  For  data,  please  write 
HERCULES       POWDEH.     COMPANY    924  Market  Street,  Wilmlngtor,  99,  Delaware. 


INCOHPOIUfCD 


JUNE  194.') 


*  r  i 


St.  Louis  Plastics  Moulding  Co.  injection-molded  this 
35-oz.  plating  mask  used  in  chrome-plating  gear  struts 


High  chemical  resistance,  metal-like  strength  and  tough- 
ness are  found  in  these  pipe  "T"  fittings  of  Dow  "Saran" 


One  set  of  revolving  dies  molded  these  twelve 
medicinal  measuring  spoons  of  Dow  "Styron" 


Various  types  of  articles  molded  of  "Styron" 
show   the   wide   flexibility   of   this   material 


frequently  benzoyl  peroxide.  By  means  of  it  a  number  of 
quite  important  plastics  have  been  developed,  as  will  be 
shown,  and  the  prospects  are  good  for  the  development  of 
many  others. 

Vinyl  Polymers 

POLYVINYL  CHLORIDE  AND  ACETATE:  When  acetylene, 
a  gas  (H  —  C  =  C  —  H,  product  of  the  action  of  water  on 
calcium  carbide  which  is  an  electric  furnace  product  of 
charcoal  and  lime),  is  passed  through  acetic  acid,  under 
proper  conditions,  the  product  is  vinyl  acetate.  If  hydro- 
chloric acid  is  substituted  for  acetic,  vinyl  chloride  is  pro- 
duced. These  monomers  are  polymerized  to  produce  poly- 


1=1 

*     6, 


VINYL      CHLORIDE 


!        S     n 

c=c  jj> 

H       6-C-CH 

VINYL 


• 
ACETATE 


vinyl  acetate  and  polyvinyl  chloride,  respectively,  but  nei- 
ther polymer  is  a  good  plastics  although  both  are  perma- 
nently fusible  and  soluble.  Polyvinyl  acetate  possesses  ex- 


ceptional adhesive  properties  and  is  readily  soluble  in  a 
wide  range  of  organic  solvents,  ketones,  esters  and  ethers; 
it  is  thus  useful  as  a  surface  coating  and  cement.  Its  ad- 
hesive property  makes  it  difficult  to  mold,  and  it  is  also  in- 
clined to  be  somewhat  too  soft  for  a  plastics,  especially 
when  plasticized.  Polyvinyl  chloride,  although  thermo- 
plastic, is  molded  with  difficulty  and  is  soluble  in  only  high 
boiling  point  solvents.  If  mixtures  of  vinyl  chloride  and 
vinyl  acetate  are  polymerized,  copolymers  result  and  these 
are  good  plastics  and  coatings. 


^ 

-c- 
A 


c— c— c — c— c— c— c- 
ti   A    ti    *    6    H    4i 

0=C— CH3 


POLYVINYL 


CHLORIDE— ACETATE 


The  plastics  known  as  vinyls  vary  from  soft,  rubber- 
like  material  used  for  belts  and  suspenders  to  rigid  material 


66 


PLAST1 CS 


JUNE  1945 


Typical  uses  of  Goodrich  "Geon"  are  shown  in  these 
electrical    and    insulating    items    and    safety    tread 


suitable  for  electrical  transcription  records.  Extruded 
around  wire,  it  gives  excellent  electrical  insulation  and  is 
permanently  flexible,  while  being  resistant  to  the  action  of 
water,  chemicals,  and  ozone  and  it  is  non-flammable,  a 
property  which  has  made  it  of  especial  value  to  our  war- 
ships in  this  war.  One  of  the  surface  coatings,  known  as 
Koroseal,  has  the  desirable  resistant  properties  of  the  plas- 
tics; one  of  the  best  known  is  the  coating  for  beer  cans, 
Keglined.  There  also  is  a  fiber  spun  of  vinyl  copolymer. 

POLYVINYL  ALCOHOL:  Polyvinyl  acetate,  treated  with  a 
strong  water  solution  of  caustic  soda  under  proper  condi- 
tions, is  converted  to  polyvinyl  alcohol,  which  is  water 
soluble.  Tubing,  gaskets,  gloves  and  the  like,  which  are 
resistant  to  oils,  greases  and  hydrocarbons,  but  not  to 


•c- 

H 


tf 


OH  H      OH    H      OH   H     OH 

POLYVINYL  ALCOHOL 


water,  are  made  from  polyvinyl  alcohol  and  are  known  by 
the  trade  name  Resistoflex.  Polyvinyl  alcohol  (compar)  is 
also  used  in  paper  coatings  and  cold  water  paints  to  some 
extent.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  polyvinol  alcohol  is  made 
from  another  polymer,  its  monomer,  vinyl  alcohol,  being 
unstable. 

POLYVINYL  BUTYRAL:    Polyvinyl  alcohol  reacts  readily 
with   aldehydes  to   form  polyacetals,  the  most   important 


being  polyvinyl  butyral  (Bulacite,  etc.)  the  reaction  product 
with  butyraldehyde. 

Since  large  bujky  groups  have  been  introduced  into  the 
side  chains  of  the  polymers,  rubber-like  properties  are  to 
be  expected.  The  material  is  too  soft  and  rubbery  for  a 
plastics,  but  it  i>  lough,  water-resistant  and  permanent, 
and  makes  excellent  material  for  waterproofing  textiles  ami 
as  the  plastics  sheet  in  safety  glass. 

It  has  been  found  possible  to  process  fabrics  with  poly- 
vinyl butyral  with  the  same  machinery  and  by  much  the 
same  methods  as  are  used  to  produce  "rubberized"  fabric. 
There  is  a  plastics  used  for  this  purpose  of  modified  poly- 
vinyl butyral,  which  partially  cross-links  upon  moderate 
heat  treatment  and  so  does  not  soften  upon  reheating.  Life 
belts,  raincoats  and  many  other  articles  are  fabricated  from 
polyvinyl  butyral  impregnated  fabrics  for  the  armed  forces. 

The  modern  and  believed  to  be  the  best  safety  glass,  con- 
sists of  a  sheet  of  polyvinyl  butyral  sandwiched  between 
two  plates  of  glass.  Tough,  yet  flexible,  this  plastics  is  the 
only  practical  transparent  material  that  has  been  found  that 
will  stop  a  15  pound  bird  carcass  when  encountered  by  a 
plane  traveling  at  300  mph.  The  assembly  consists  of  a 
sheet  polyvinyl  butyral  j4-'ich  thick  with  a  glass  plate  }A- 
inch  thick  joined  to  either  face. 

Polyvinyl  butyral  is,  with  the  exception  of  the  modified 
form  mentioned  above,  permanently  fusible  and  soluble.  It 
is  more  stable  to  sunlight  and  ozone  than  rubber;  it  is 
tough,  flexible  and  optically  clear  and  transparent;  conse- 
quently it  has  a  wide  potential  use  as  coating  material 
where  its  soft  surface  is  no  handicap.  War  applications 
of  polyvinyl  chloride-acetate  for  electric  insulation  and  of 
polyvinyl  butyral  as  noted  above,  have  increased  the  com- 
bined monthly  production  from  1,300,000  Ibs  in  1940  to 
15,400,000  Ibs  in  1944. 

POLYVINYLIDENE  CHLORIDE:  In  vinylidcne  chloride,  both 
bonds  of  the  second  carbon  are  satisfied  by  chlorine  instead 
of  one,  as  in  vinyl  chloride.  The  polymer,  poly  vinyl  idene 
chloride,  may  be  formed  by  the  same  technique,  as  the 
vinyls.  This  polymer,  although  permanently  fusible  and 


H 

VINYLIDENE     CHLORIDE 


4-W-H-H 

H     a    H    a    H    a    H    a 

POLYVINYUDENE      CHLORIDE 


POLYVINYL  BUTYRAL 


soluble,  is  so  resistant  to  solvent  action  and  so  difficult  to 
control  in  fusion,  it  is  not  a  practical  material.  Copolymers 
with  vinyl  chloride  and  possibly  other  similar  monomers, 
however,  possess  properties  of  considerable  practical  im- 
portance. 

Known  by  the  trade  names  Sarcn,  Geon,  Velon,  the  ma- 
terial is  thermoplastic,  so  may  be  molded  in  injection 
presses,  provided  special  acid  resistant  heads  are  used.  It 
may  also  be  extruded  as  tubes  up  to  6  inches  in  diameter, 
or  as  fibers  having  comparatively  high  tensile  strength, 
good  flexibility  and  permanence,  but  practically  no  stretch. 
It  is  also  produced  in  films,  transparent,  flexible,  tough  and 
absolutely  impermeable  to  water  and  water  vapor. 

The  outstanding  property  of  all  this  material  is  its  ex- 
cellent chemical  resistance,  or  stated  another  way,  its  re- 
sistance to  corrosion.  Its  water  absorption  is  practically 
zero,  it  is  not  affected  by  the  action  of  acids.  Mrung  or  weak, 
and  by  only  one  alkali,  ammonia.  It  is  resistant  to  all  the 
common  organic  solvents.  In  addition,  it  possesses  the  in- 
sulation properties  towards  heat  and  electricity  common 
to  all  plastics  and  has  a  high  softening  temperature  for  a 
thermoplastic  (about  240°  F),  which  indicates  the  material 
will  have  a  fair  degree  of  dimensional  stability.  It>  •• 
tubing  and  piping  for  acids,  especially,  is  to  be  expected  as 
well  as  for  other  liquids  corrosive  to  metals.  Screening 


JUNE  1945 


I' LAST  If 'S 


67 


woven  with  coarse  polyvinylidene  chloride  fibers  is  rust 
and  corrosive  proof,  cannot  be  stretched  out  of  shape  and 
is  easily  kept  clean  and  effective  for  almost  an  indefinite 
time. 

The  same  applies  to  the  reed-like  form  in  which  the 
polymer  is  extruded  for  furniture  upholstery  and  to  fabric 
woven  with  fibers.  Because  of  the  permanence  and  abso- 
lute impermeability  of  polyvinylidene  chloride  films,  they 
have  found  application  as  sealing  material  for  large  ma- 
chine parts  shipped  to  the  fighting  fronts,  effectively  pro- 
tecting them  against  moisture  and  corrosion  without  the 
use  of  the  usual  heavy  grease  covering. 

POLYSTYRENE:  Ethylene,  produced  from  petroleum,  re- 
acted with  hydrochloric  acid  forms  ethylchloride.  This 
reacted  with  benzene,  produced  from  coal  tar  or  from  pe- 
troleum, gives  ethyl  benzene,  which  may  be  converted  to 


H  H  H  H  H  H 

V         V  V          V         V        V         V        V        'i'        Y 

9=9  -9— £—9— 9— 9— 9— 9—£- 

HA  H      A      H     A     H     A     H 


STYRENE 


POLYSTYRENE 


vinyl  benzene,  or  styrene,  by  pyrolysis.  The  polymerization 
is  the  usual  vinyl  type,  requiring  presence  of  a  catalyst, 
such  as  benzoyl  peroxide,  and  carefully  controlled  heat. 

Polystyrene  plastics,  Styron,  Loalin,  etc.,  are  permanently 
fusible  and  soluble,  crystal  clear  transparent,  but  inclined 
to  a  yellowish  cast  upon  long  exposure  to  sunlight,  com- 
paratively high  refractive  index  (1.59),  excellent  resistance 
to  water,  acids  and  alkalies,  water  absorption  in  24  hour 
immersion  being  0.04  percent.  It  molds  readily  in  injection 
presses  and,  due  to  its  optical  clarity  and  high  refractive 
index,  finds  wide  use  in  costume  jewelry. 

Its  most  important  property,  however,  is  its  outstanding 
resistance  to  the  flow  of  electrical  currents,  especially  high 
frequency.  It  has  much  the  lowest  dielectric  loss  factor  of 
any  plastics,  approximately  that  of  fused  quartz,  over  which 
it  has  the  advantage  of  simpler,  easier  fabrication  and  re- 
duced dead  weight.  It  consequently  finds  wide  application 
in  all  high-frequency  instruments,  such  as  radar,  radio  re- 
ceivers and  transmitters,  and  the  like.  It  is  inclined  to  be 
somewhat  brittle,  but  the  introduction  of  plasticizers  re- 
duces its  insulation  value  and  they  are  therefore  not  gen- 
erally used.  Polystyrene  sheets,  when  struck  a  light  blow, 
give  a  characteristic  metallic  ringing  sound. 

Polystyrene,  it  will  be  noticed,  is  a  hydrocarbon  (com- 
posed entirely  of  carbon  and  hydrogen),  so  in  consequence 
is  inclined  to  be  somewhat  flammable.  Its  brittleness  has 
been  mentioned  and  in  addition,  although  its  softening 
temperature  is  fairly  high  for  a  thermoplastic,  it  is  below 
the  boiling  point  of  water. 

Modifications  to  correct  for  these  weaknesses  were  to  be 
expected  and  recently  two  such  modified  polymers  have 
been  announced.  The  first  is  polydichlorostyrene,  the 
structure  of  the  monomer  and  polymer  being  represented 
in  the  diagram  below.  The  substitution  of  two  chlorines  for 
two  hydrogens  in  each  monomer  changes  the  properties  of 
the  material  so  that  it  is  non-flammable,  less  brittle  and  the 
softening  point  is  about  250°  F.  It  is  greyish  in  color  in- 
stead of  crystal  clear,  but  the  water  absorption  is  reduced  to 
0.02%,  resistance  to  acids  and  alkalies  is  excellent  and  high 


M 


H  H  HMUUULJ 

H   [Ja  H  CJa  H  M01 "  M01 


frequency  insulation  properties  are  good,  although  not 
equal  to  polystyrene.  It  can  therefore  find  wide  applica- 
tion in  fields  of  utility  where  polystyrene  is  restricted  by 
flammability  and  low  softening  point. 

The  other  modified  polystyrene  is  understood  to  be  a 
copolymer  of  polystyrene  and  some  other  vinyl.  It  has 
just  emerged  from  the  development  stage,  so  little  is  known 
of  its  properties  beyond  the  fact:  (1)  that  it  is  thermo- 
plastic, but  like  polydichlorostyrene,  with  a  softening  point 
around  250°  F;  (2)  that  it  is  a  good  insulator  for  high 
frequency  installations,  but  not  as  good  as  polystyrene; 
and  (3)  that  it  is  not  water  white  but  inclined  to  be  amber 
in  color. 

POLYETHYLENE:  The  simplest  vinyl  polymer,  although  it 
is  never  called  vinyl,  was  developed  within  the  last  two 
years,  largely  as  a  war  measure.  The  monomer  is  the  hy- 
drocarbon, ethylene,  and  the  polymer,  polyethylene,  is 
known  as  Polyethylene  or  Polythene. 

This  polymer  is  of  especial  interest  to  chemists  in  that  it 
is  a  straight  chain  hydrocarbon,  similar  in  structure  to  the 
paraffin  series.  In  the  absence  of  bulky  side  chains,  this 
polymer  should  lend  itself  to  the  development  of  fibers. 
The  plastics  is  readily  injection  molded  or  extruded  at 


H     H 


H     H 

ETHYLENE 


-c— c— c— c— c— c— c- 
A    K  S'X    H    ft    * 


POLYETHYLENE 


comparatively  low  temperatures,  so  had  a  low  softening 
point.  It  has  excellent  resistance  to  water,  acids  and  al- 
kalies and  has  a  dielectric  loss  factor  almost  as  low  as  that 
of  polystyrene,  0.0005  compared  with  0.0002,  so  its  use  as 
insulating  material  with  high  frequency  circuits  is  indi- 
cated. Its  present  use  is  entirely  as  electrical  insulating 
material,  principally  by  the  U.  S.  Navy,  for  whom  it  was 
developed. 

Vinyf-Like  Polymers 

POLY  METHYL  METHACRYLATE:  If  one  of  the  hydrogens 
in  ethylene  is  replaced  by  — COOH,  the  characteristic  or- 
ganic acid  group,  the  compound  is  acrylic  acid;  if  the  sec- 
ond hydrogen  is  replaced  by  the  methyl  group,  — CH3,  the 
compound  is  methacrylic  acid. 

The  methyl  salt,  or  ester,  of  methacrylic  acid  is  methyl- 
methacrylate,  the  monomer  of  an  interesting  and  important 
plastics,  polymethyl  methacrylate  (Lucite,  Plexiglas).  The 
monomer  is  produced  from  acetone,  derived  from  acetylene 
or  wood,  reacted  successively  with  a  cyanide,  sulphuric  acid 


DICHLOROSTYRENE 


POLYDICHLOROSTYRENE 


H         9=0 

OH "  OH  6-CH, 

ACRYLIC     ACID  METHACRYLIC    ACID        METHYL      METHACRYLATE 

H        CH,    CH,     H        H        CH,    CH,     H 

-C— C— 9— C— C— 9— C— <f- 

H         6=0   C=0  H         H         C=0    C=0  H 

66  o     6 

6H,    CH,  CH,    6H, 

POLYMETHYL      METHACRYLATE 

and  methyl  alcohol.  The  mechanism  of  polymerization  is 
similar  to  that  of  other  vinyls,  with  the  difference,  as 
pointed  out  by  Marvel  and  coworkers,  that  the  monomers 
join  head-to-head  and  tail-to-tail,  rather  than  the  usual 
head-to-tail. 

Esters  of  acrylic  acid  also  form  polymers,  but  these,  to 
(Continued  on  page  127) 


68 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Let  AMPHENOL 


t  in  shape 


What   material?   What   shape?   What   characteristics? 
These  are  big  questions  in  every  design  department 
and  product  engineer's  mind,  whenever  new  products 
are  discussed.  With  years  of  experience  Amphenol 
can  answer  them  for  the  wide  range  of  old  and 
new  type  plastics  applications. 

Particularly  in  the  new  science  oi  electronics  are 
exact  answers  necessary  .  .  .  tolerances  very  close  .  .  . 
production  runs  very  large.   In  this  highly  specialized 
field  Amphenol  has  enjoyed  a  major  success 
climaxed  by  months  of  war  production  to  rigid  A-N, 
British  and  U.H.F.  specifications. 

When  your  plans  involve  strict  electrical 
characteristics,  high  precision  or  quantity  production, 
think  first  of  AMPHENOL  and  save  time. 

Plutici  for  Electronics  nit  Industry 
-Pirts  for  Ridio-U  M  F   C«W«- 
Connicton  (A-N.  Iritis*,  U.H.F.)— 
Condult-Ciblt  *SM«MIM 

AMERICAN  PHENOLIC  CORPORATION 

CHICAGO   SO,  ILLINOIS 
IN  CANADA  •  AMPHENOL   LIMITED  •  TORONTO 


JUNE  1945 


PLA9tTiCS 


69 


SOURCE  OF  LOW-COST 
HIGH-DIELECTRIC  RESINS 


JVew  Members  of  Phenolic  Family 
Promise  to  Improve  Fields  of 
Electrical  Insulation,  Building 
Material,  Decorative  Sheeting 


&  ~4.  2).  Si 


Chief  Chemist 
Chemical  Plastics,  hie. 


inn  in 


<J 


THE  strength  and  resistance  of  ordinary  phenolics  have 
been  combined  with  exceptional  electrical  properties 
in  a  new  series  of  phenolic-like  resins,  as  a  result  of  lengthy 
experimental  work  conducted  by  Chemical  Plastics,  Inc., 
at  its  Minneapolis  pilot  plant. 

Developed  from  the  phenols  produced  in  the  low-tem- 
perature carbonization  of  lignite  and  other  sub-bituminous 
coals,  the  resins  offer  the  possibility  that  plastics  can  be 
produced  from  a  new,  hitherto  untapped  source,  which  is 
found  in  great  abundance  throughout  the  Middle  West  and 
Northwest  areas  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Stim- 
ulus for  the  development  work  came  from  the  desire  of 
those  owning  land  containing  sub-bituminous  deposits  to 
find  uses  for  this  otherwise  profitless  raw  material. 

The  initial  experimentation  with  low-temperature  car- 
bonization was  begun  many  years  ago  by  Lurgi  in  Europe, 
and  has  been  the  chief  means  utilized  by  Germany  for  pro- 
ducing synthetic  gasoline  by  hydrogenating  by-products  of 
the  coking  process.  In  this  country,  however,  Dr.  Karl 
A.  Loven,  president  of  Chemical  Plastics,  adapted  the  pro- 
cess to  the  production  of  plastics  by  developing  unsarurated 
hydrocarbons  which  could  be  reacted  to  form  entirely  new 
materials. 

The  new  phenols  are  reacted  with  formaldehyde  in  some- 
what the  same  manner  as  the  ordinary  laminating  varnish 


Typical  applications  for  lignite 
resins  include  the  dipping  oi  motor 
stators  and  the  dipping  and  impreg- 
nating oi  fluorescent  lamp  ballasts 


resin,  to  form  a  product  which  is  described  as  superior  to 
ordinary  phenol-formaldehyde  resins  in  many  respects. 
Ordinary  catalysts  do  not  seem  to  have  much  effect  in 
hastening  the  resinification  process.  One  special  catalyst, 
however,  was  finally  found,  with  the  result  that  a  high 
resin  yield  was  obtained  using  a  relatively  small  amount 
of  formaldehyde,  compared  with  the  quantity  used  in  or- 
dinary commercial  methods  of  manufacture. 

The  resins  are  comparable  to  the  regular  phenolics  in 
their  tensile  strength,  water  absorption,  flextiral  and  com- 
pressive  strengths,  but  the  dielectric  strength  is  much 
higher,  values  of  1200  v  per  mil  having  been  obtained  on 
a  short-time  test  with  paper-base  laminates.  The  arcing 
resistance  is  also  much  higher,  and  times  of  over  2  min 
have  been  obtained  using  the  ASTM  method  of  testing. 
The  common  XX  grades  of  phenolic  (as  rated  by  the  Na- 
tional Electrical  Manufacturers'  Association)  last  from  6 
to  50  sec. 

As  may  be  expected  with  a  lower  formaldehyde  content, 
these  resins  are  partially  thermoplastic,  and  exhibit  remark- 


70 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Three  types  of  building  materials  made  with  the  new  resins: 
Top,  decorative  board  with  a  designed  surface.  The  core  of 
excelsior  has  been  impregnated  with  lignite  laminating  var- 
nish. Center,  the  same  board  without  the  decorative  surface. 
At  the  bottom  is  a  2"  insulation  board  made  by  the  continu- 
ous process.  The  resin  binder  has  been  cured  between  rollers 


able  punching  and  post-forming  properties,  especially  at 
^lightly  elevated  temperatures.  Even  paper-base  laminates 
can  be  post-formed  to  a  certain  degree  when  made  with 
these  resins.  Ordinarily,  this  type  of  material  cracks  and 
delaminates  when  post-formed. 

By  a  judicious  combination  of  different  acids,  these 
resins  may  have  their  properties  varied  to  produce  a  di- 
mensionally  stable  material  almost  exactly  like  phenol- 
formaldehyde.  One  resin  has  been  produced  which  adheres 
tenaciously  to  metal,  and  is  now  being  used  as  a  base  for 
a  printing  ink  designed  for  lithographic  metals. 

A  modification  of  this  resin,  containing  an  oil  in  chemi- 


Comparison  of  Lignite  Resin  with  Phenolic 
and  Polystyrene 

Gtod.  CPV-3IA 

(Derived  from 
T««t  (A8TM)  _  ««r»  tjcM») 


_ 
Ten«He  strength  (ptl)  ............  12,000  .......  10,500  .......    8,500 

Flexural  strength  (p.i)  ...........  22,000  .......  20,000  .......  15,500 

.44,500.. 


Compreuive  strength  (pji) .  .  .  . 
Water  absorption  (%.  24  hr. 

3  x  I  x  1/16*  fe>  25V  C) 1.15 

Dielectric  strength 

Short  time,  v/mil 1,200 


.40.300 14,300 


1.10. 


850. 


Step  by  step  (v/mil)  ........        650  .......        450. 


0.00 

650 
450 


'These   tests   were   run   on   a   standard   XX    grade   of   laminated    paper 
base  phenolic  laminate,  and  comparable  lignite  laminate. 


cal  combination,  results  in  an  electrical  insulation  varnish 
suitable  for  dipping  rotors  and  stators  of  motors  and  gen- 
erators, and  is  capable  of  being  baked  to  a  tough,  hard  film. 
This  also  has  been  found  to  have  a  dielectric  strength  ot 
as  high  as  1200  v  per  mil. 

The  resins  have  been  known  to  stand  continuous  tem- 
peratures of  over  200°  C  or  390°  F.  Even  at  these  t<  ni- 
peratures  charring  does  not  occur. 

For  punching,  ordinary  laminates  containing  these  resins 
(XX-P  grade)  must  be  heated  to  180-190°  F,  wher«a«  the 
new  type  can  be  punched  at  slightly  over  120°  F.  The 
forming  temperature  of  the  resins  depends  on  the  oven 
used,  but  can  generally  be  placed  at  300°  F,  as  compared 
with  450°  F  for  C-grade  canvas-base  laminates. 

The  water  absorption  (1.15%  in  24  hr.  on  a  3x1x1/16" 
specimen  at  25°  C)  is  low,  considering  that  the  allowable 
Army-Navy  standard  is  2%  for  XX  and  1.2%  for  XXX 
grades  of  phenolics. 

The  resins  have  comparatively  low  boiling  points,  as 
phenolics  go,  are  fast-setting,  but  require  some  heat,  par- 
ticularly the  plywood  adhesive  grade. 

The  finished  resins  made  from  impure  acids  cost  in  the 
neighborhood  of  11#  per  pound.  The  plywood  adhesive 
grade,  however,  can  be  produced  for  about  7.5<  per  pound, 
as  compared  with  9<  for  the  average  phenolic  used  and 
produced  on  the  West  Coast.  Properties  of  this  grade  are 
rated  as  good  as  those  of  the  phenolic  adhesives  commonly 
in  use  today.  (In  shear  tests,  wood  failure  is  100%). 

Comparison  of  the  resin  produced  from  pure  and  impure 


Paper-base  laminates  produced  with  resins  made  from  pure  (light-colored)  and  impure  (dark)  lignite  acids 
are  illustrated  here.  The  thin  sheet,  which  was  made  with  dark  resin,  has  been  surfaced  with  a  decorative 
material.  The  coil  shown  has  been  impregnated  with  resin  to  which  a  suitable  filler  material  has  been  added 


DERIVATION  OF  RESINS  FROM  LIGNITE 


LURGI  LOW- TEMPERATURE 
CARBONIZATION  PROCESS 


DISTILLATION  AND 
PURIFICATION 


CATALYST 

3 

LAMINATING 
RESIN  VARNISH 


PUNCHING 
RESIN 


ELECTRICAL 
INSULATING    VARNISH 


POST- FORMING 
RESINS 


PLYWOOD 
ADHESIVES 


acids  shows  that  the  latter  is  entirely  suitable  as  a  binder 
for  insulating  board,  providing  dimensional  stability 
through  water-resistance,  and  adding  considerable  strength. 
It  can  also  be  used  wherever  its  dark  appearance  is  not  a 
hindrance.  Electrical  and  other  properties  are  as  good  as 
resins  made  from  pure  acids.  The  impure  grade  has  a 
slight  odor  until  it  has  undergone  compression. 

The  chief  advantages  of  the  pure  grade  are  the  lack  of 
odor,  and  the  possession  of  light  color,  which  make  it  suit- 
able for  decorative  applications.  These  include  their  use, 
in  the  form  of  paper-base  laminates,  for  low-cost  interior 
panelling  of  rooms  and  the  surfacing  of  counter  and  table 
tops. 

This  resin  offers  great  post-war  possibilities,  especially 
in  the  electrical  field.  A  post-forming  cloth-base  laminate 
made  with  it  would  have  the  advantage  of  high  impact 
strength,  ease  of  fabrication  and  a  dielectric  strength  ap- 
proaching that  of  paper-base  laminates. 

The  high  caustic  resistance  of  both  grades  makes  pos- 
sible their  use  in  special  chemical  equipment. 

The  resins  give  promise  of  being  suitable  for  combina- 
tion with  hydrolyzed  wood  fibre  (lignin)  to  produce  a  very 
low-cost  building  material,  capable  of  being  molded  into 
plastics  window  sash  and  similar  items.  Since  the  sources 
of  both  lignin  and  the  new  resins  are  extremely  plentiful, 
the  favorable  cost  factor  can  be  readily  appreciated. 


The  insulating  board,  mentioned  previously  in  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  impure  grade,  is  another  prospective  ap- 
plication of  the  resins  to  the  building  field.  Here,  cheap 
excelsior  can  be  macerated,  then  impregnated  and  com- 
pressed to  form  a  light-weight  block,  capable  of  some 
load-bearing,  yet  available  in  a  form  which  can  be  faced 
with  melamine  or  other  suitable  resin  capable  of  taking 
decorative  printed  finishes.  This  material  could  be  pro- 
duced on  a  continuous  basis  by  being  pressed  between  roll- 
ers, with  sheets  of  the  decorative  surfacing  on  each  side 
to  prevent  it  from  adhering  to  the  rollers.  Only  10-15% 
resin  content  would  be  needed.  The  resultant  product 
would  possess  all  the  fabricating  qualities  of  natural  wood, 
but  would  contain  sufficient  dead  air  space  to  provide  in- 
sulation against  passage  of  heat  and  sound. 

Current  experimentation  by  the  company  with  the  ap- 
plication of  the  resin  to  building  materials  is  being  under- 
taken at  the  request  of  the  Canadian  Government,  which 
operates  a  low-temperature  carbonization  plant  producing 
the  lignite  tar  acids  from  which  the  resins  are  made. 

The  resins  require  no  plasticizers  other  than  heat,  since 
they  are  partially  thermoplastic.  However,  they  are  non- 
salvageable.  They  can  be  worked  with  the  usual  plastics 
fabricating  tools. 

Since  they  are  somewhat  slower  curing  than  ordinary 
(Continued  on  page  128) 


Comparative  Properties  of  Lignite  Resin  Grades 

CPV-4                  CPV-21                CPV-21B              CPV-38A                CPV-39 

CPV-210 

CPV-21  5 

Solids  (%)  
Specific  gravity  
pH  
Viscosity  (cenfipo  i  ses)  
Gel  time  (min)  
Color  , 

55  
...1.025-1.03.. 
6-8  
75-125.... 
2.5-3.25... 
.  .  .Dork  Brown.  , 

55  
..1.025-1.03.. 
6-8  

....60-100.... 
...2.5-3.25... 

.  .Dark  Brown.  , 

55  
..1.025-1.03. 
6-8  

....60-100... 
...2.5-3.25.. 
..Jet  Black... 

60  
..1.055-1.057. 
7-9  
....150-250.. 
2.5-3.5... 
Amber.  . 

60  
..1.055-1.057. 
7-9  
150-250.. 
2.66-3.5.. 
,  Amber.  .  . 

55  
...1.025-1.03.. 
6-8  
60-100.... 
3-3.5  
.  .  .Dark  Brown.  . 

55 
..1.025-1.03 
6-8 
....60-100 
...2.66-3.5 
.  .Dark  Brown 

72 


PLASTMCS 


JUNE  1945 


BOLD  SCALE 

IN  AMERICA'S  important  task  of  coal,  gas  and  oil 
conservation,  a  major  requirement  is  the  detection  of 
waste  and  inefficiency.  Encouraging  accomplishments  have 
been  made  with  the  aid  of  highly  accurate  flow  meter 
equipment  such  as  shown  above,  which  supplies  a  24-hour 
visual  record  of  steam  consumption,  steam  pressure,  and 
amount  of  steam  passing  through  the  line. 

Much  of  this  information  is  indicated  on  big,  boldly- 
visible  Plaskon  Molded  Color  scales,  upon  which  the 
meter  markings  are  printed.  Under  all  conditions  these 
markings  can  be  quickly,  easily  and  accurately  seen.  Illu- 
mination behind  the  translucent  Plaskon  unit  makes  the 
entire  scale  glow  brightly,  so  that  each  number  and  word 
stands  out  in  sharp  contrast.  Plaskon  also  gathers  the  light 
from  outside  sources. 

This  is  one  of  the  many  efficient  industrial  services  of 
Plaskon.  Because  of  its  versatility,  Plaskon  has  aided  in 
the  development  and  manufacture  of  important  products 


MoUot  for  AmtrUom  District  Slttm  Co.,  Nona  Ton*u>*m4+.  N. 
*j   Dtmco    PUitiei,    Ditto*.    Otto 


for  the  battle  front  and  home  front.  It  is  a  strong,  non- 
shattering  material,  with  a  smooth  surface,  and  is  available 
in  a  complete  range  of  colors.  It  is  unaffected  by  oils,  fats, 
or  common  solvents;  and  is  completely  resistant  to  arcing 
or  tracking  under  high  voltages  and  high  frequencies. 

Plaskon  Molded  Color  offers  you  a  great  range  of  manu- 
facturing and  sales  advantages,  both  for  present  and  post- 
war requirements.  Experienced  Plaskon  men  will  gladly 
assist  in  adapting  this  versatile,  colorful  plastic  molding 
material  to  your  needs. 


PIASKON  DIVISION 

IIIIIY'OWINI'FOID 

•LASS  COMPANY 

1104  Sylvan  A».n». 

lol.ilo   6,  Ohio 

Cfmmilifm  Agnl: 

»iftln, 

r.  o. 


PLASKON 


MOLDED    COLOR 


were  men  after  our  own  hearts! 


The  Waterloo,  P  Q.,  Canada  plant  stresses  the  strategic  value 
capabilities  of  the  MACK  organization  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  entire  eastern  seaboard  .  .  .  quickly  and  efficiently. 


The  days  of  this  rugged  breed  may  have  passed, 
but  their  spirit  and  dogged  determination  are 
still  very  much  in  vogue.  And  their  attributes 
have  proved  no  exception  in  the  plastic  molding 
field . . . 

Military  and  essential  industrial  requirements 
have  demanded  a  degree  of  pioneering  par  ex- 
cellence. Physical  characteristics,  materials,  fin- 
ishes, tolerances,  etc.  have  all  required  unusual 
ingenuity  and  resourcefulness  to  achieve  "the 
impossible." 

As  with  other  plastic  molders,  MACK  MOLD- 
ING has  been  proud  to  play  its  part  in  these 


furtherances.  A  quarter  of  a  century  of  molding 
for  industry  —  large  and  small  —  had  provided  the 
"pioneering  impetus"  to  do  our  part  of  the  job. 
Three  completely-equipped  MACK  MOLDING 
plants  have  expedited  production  in  the  emer- 
gency —  Wayne,  New  Jersey;  Arlington,  Ver- 
mont; Waterloo,  P.  Q.,  Canada.  Inquiries  for 
post-war  projects  should  be  addressed  to  130 
Main  Street,  Wayne,  New  Jersey. 


MOLDED 
EXCELLENCE 


SUtS    OFFICES:    HEW    »ORK    CUT.    EHICU0.   BCTItlT.   (HUMMUS.     IOSIOK 


ST.    LOUIS 


"Materials  Men 

Are  NOT  Magicians 


Only  by  Complete  Coordination  With 
Raw  Materials  Man  in  Informing  Him 
of  Requirements  of  Material  to  be 
Purchased,  Can  the  Manufacturer  Get 
Widest  Acceptance  of  his  Merchandise 


*Jku 


B. 


Manager.    Plaitici   Div.. 
Riegel  Paper  Corp. 


THE  phone  rang.     It  was  long  distance.     From  half 
way  across  the  continent'  came  the  voice  of  a  manu- 
facturer stating  that  he  wanted  to  make  refrigerator  doors 
out  of  plastics  paper  and  would  we  explain  exactly  how  to 
do  it  while  he  listened  over  the  phone? 

This  is  typical  of  the  requests  of  some  manufacturers 
who  apparently  regard  the  raw  materials  man  as  a  magi- 
cian who  can  pick  out  of  a  hat  not  only  rabbits,  but  answers 
to  the  most  complicated  questions  while  they  wait.  They 
will  phone  or  write  in  their  research  problems  and  expect 
an  immediate  reply,  as  if  they  were  dialing  for  the  time 
or  the  weather. 

Give  All  the  Data 

On  the  other  hand,  there  is  also  the  manufacturer  who 
believes  he  knows  more  than  the  materials  man  does.  He 
has  his  own  ideas  on  the  subject  and  when  he  comes  to 
grief,  as  almost  invariably  happens,  his  howls  of  rage  at 
the  innocent  plastics  material  used  are  loud  and  long. 

Typical  was  the  executive  who  ordered  plastics  paper 
from  us  without,  explaining  what  he  wanted  it  for.  Un- 
fortunately, his  concern  makes  low  density  insulating  board 
and  he  desired  a  hard  phenolic  facing  on  the  product.  We 
would  have  warned  him  against  the  pressure  required  had 
we  known  what  he  intended  to  do.  So,  he  discovered  too 
late  that,  at  250  psi,  the  air  cells  were  squeezed  out  so 
thoroughly  that  the  product  was  no  longer  an  insulating 
board !  Characteristically,  instead  of  blaming  himself,  he 


A  GUIDE  TO  BETTER  LAMINATES 

To  assure  the  use  of  correct  material  in  a  product, 
the  materials  man  should  be  advised  of: 

(1)  Pressure  Range  Desired 
(?)  Curing  Temperatures 

(3)  What  Surfaces  are  to  be  Heated 

(4)  Curing  Cycle  Range 

(5)  Type  of  Pressure  Used 

(6)  Type  of  Laminate  to  be  Made 

(7)  General  Shape  of  Product 

(8)  Strength  Requirements 


directed  his  displeasure  at  the  paper,  which  he  claimed  was 
inadequate.  He  was  right,  of  course,  but  with  this  quali- 
fication— that  every  material,  whether  plastics  or  other- 
wise, is  inadequate  for  purposes  for  which  it  is  not  in- 
tended. 

Cover  Every  Condition 

Then  there  was  the  manufacturer  who  ordered  paper 
without  telling  us  he  wanted  it  for  helmet-lining.  Now, 
most  paper  has  little  stretch.  The  result  was  that  the  lin- 
ing soon  had  more  wrinkles  than  a  prune — and  we  could 
have  told  him  that  in  advance,  thus  saving  him  consider- 
able money  and  inconvenience.  His  idea  was  not  a  bad 
one,  but  his  mistake  was  that  he  did  not  order  the  right 
paper,  which  can  be  made  so  that  it  will  "draw" — as  for 
example,  creped  paper  draws  as  much  as  50%. 

The  mistakes  just  described  could  have  been  avoided  if 
the  manufacturer  had  informed  the  materials  man  before- 
hand of  all  the  requirements  (and  we  do  mean  all)  that 
the  product  had  to  fulfill.  Most,  if  not  all  companies,  keep 
such  inquiries  in  the  strictest  confidence. 

As  a  guide  to  mutually  advantageous  dealings,  the  follow-' 
ing  information  should  be  given  for  every  purchase: 

(1)  What  is  the  pressure  range  available?     In  paper 
plastics,  the  lower  the  resin  content,  the  higher  the  pres- 
sure required — down  to  25%  resin  content.    At  this  point, 
the  adhesion  necessary  to  create  a  solid  mass  becomes  im- 
possible to  attain  with  any  pressure.    The  minimum  resin 
content  which  will  press  successfully  at  100  psi  in  com- 
pression molding  is  about  43%.    A  40%  resin  content  sheet 
could  probably  be  pressed  successfully  at  250  to  300  psi. 
Then,  as  you  go  down  into  the  30%  range,  the  need  for 
pressure  increases  quite  rapidly,  so  that  at  30%  resin  con- 
tent, 2000  psi  must  be  used. 

This  explains  why  information  regarding  the  pressure 
range,  both  available  and  preferred,  is  so  important  to  the 
paper  man. 

(2)  What  are  the  curing  temperatures  availablef    Heat 
is  an  important  factor  in  paper  plastics  laminating,  for  it 
may  damage  or  destroy  the  fibers  if  it  is  too  great.  Another 
point  to  remember  in  this  connection  is  the  importance  of 
controlling  the  amount  of  water  vapor  or  solvent  vapor 
present.    If  too  much  heat  is  applied,  volatile*  arc  created 
faster  than  they  escape,  and  blistering  will   rr-ult. 

Another  factor  is  the  length  of  the  curing  cycle.    Pheno- 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTICS 


75 


lies  cure  as  low  as  240°F,  but  the  cycle  is  an  hour  long. 
If  the  temperature  is  raised  to  320°F,  the  same  resin- 
impregnated  material  in  the  same  laminate-thickness  will 
cure  ifl  only  eight  minutes.  To  some  extent  the  type  of 
resin  used  can  be  adapted  to  temperature  conditions  but 
only  within  a  range  of  about  50  degrees.  Therefore,  curing 
temperature  data  must  be  included  in  an  inquiry. 

Heat  a  Consideration 

(3)  Is  heat  to  be  applied  to  one  or  both  surfaces  of  a 
laminate?    If  one  surface  only  is  heated,  a  period  of  time 
must  be  allowed  to  permit  the  transfer  of  heat  through  the 
laminate  to  the  bottom  sheet  in  order  to  effect  a  cure.    On 
the  other  hand,  if  heat  is  applied  to  both  sides,  the  curing 
cycle  is  reduced  to  the  time  taken  for  heat  to  penetrate  only 
to  the  middle  of  the  laminate.    Bear  in  mind,  also,  that  the 
manner  of  applying  heat  affects  the  finish  of  the  laminate. 
The  reason  for  this  is  that  resin  tends  to  flow  toward  the 
surface  heated.     Hence,   if  a  laminate  is  cured  by  being 
heated  on  one  side  only,  that  side   will   show  a  greater 
accumulation  of  resin  than  the  other  side.     In  contrast,  if 
both  sides  are  heated,  the  flow  of  resin  to  each  surface  is 
about  equal. 

(4)  What  is  the  curing  cycle  range ?     Resins  can  be 
selected  and  modified  in  such  a  way  that  the  curing  cycle 
range  from  maximum  to  minimum  can  be  approximately 
cut  in  half.     Thus,  although  under  certain  conditions  a 
laminate  takes  10  minutes  to  cure  with  a  slow-curing  resin, 
it  will  require  only  five  minutes  to  cure  with  a  fast-curing 
resin. 

At  the  same  time  the  manufacturer  should  not  forget  that 
there  is  a  disadvantage  to  fast  curing — less  relative  stabil- 
ity. Slow-curing  resin  has  a  longer  storage  life  than  resin 
that  is  modified  for  fast-curing.  Assuming  normal  storage 
conditions,  the  storage  range  is  from  six  months  for  slow- 
curing  resins  to  only  about  four  weeks  for  fast-curing 
resins. 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  these  considerations  have 
a  direct  bearing  on  the  economy  of  operation,  the  manu- 
facture, and  the  distribution  of  the  product.  The  impor- 
tance of  storage  life  as  against  that  of  the  curing  cycle 
range  presents  a  problem  that  cannot  be  answered  without 
careful  consideration  of  ail  factors. 

(5)  What  is  the  type  of  pressure  used?    Except  when 
contact  resins  are  involved,  there  are  three  types  of  pres- 
sure:  (a)   straight  compression,  involving  the  use  of  two 
rigid  surfaces;   (b)   flexible  pressure,  making  use  of  one 
rigid  and  one  non-rigid  surface,  like  a  rubber  mat  or  a 
rubber-coated  fabric;  and  (c)  fluid  pressure,  which  makes 
use  of  the  autoclave  and  rubber  bag. 

In  straight  compression  molding,  the  small  irregularities 
on  the  surfaces  of  material  from  which  the  laminate  is 
made  must  be  levelled,  otherwise  there  will  be  extreme  pres- 
sure where  the  spots  are  high  and  lack  of  pressure  where  the 
spots  are  low.  In  flexible  molding,  lower  pressure  can  be 
used  because  the  flexible  member  of  the  press  tends  to  con- 
form to  the  contours  of  the  high  or  low  areas  present.  This 
is  even  more  true  with  fluid  pressure  molding,  where  the 
pressure  needed  is  still  further  reduced. 

Laminate  Composition  Important 

(6)  What  type  of  laminate  is  to  be  made?    The  condi- 
tions of  pressing  and  resin-flow  vary  in  accordance  with 
the  combinations  of  materials  used.     The  paper  manufac- 
turer must,  therefore,  know  whether  the  proposed  laminate 
is  to  be  100%  paper  or  a  combination  of  paper  and  other 
materials,  like   solid  wood,  plywood,  wood  veneer,  fabric, 
glass,  fibers,  sisal  mats,  or  asbestos  board.    If  used  in  com- 
bination, the  relative  percentage  of  paper  should  be  speci- 
fied approximately.     It  should  be  stated  also  whether  the 


paper  is  to  function  as  surface  protection,  as  a  bond  be- 
tween the  layers  of  other  materials,  as  a  barrier  for  air 
pressure,  gases,  oil,  gasoline,  or  other  specified  factors.  If 
either  the  100%  paper  or  the  combination  laminate  is  for 
electrical  applications,  this,  too,  should  be  clearly  stated, 
as  it  may  call  for  a  modification  of  the  resin  in  the  fiber 
to  be  used. 

(7)  What  is  the  general  shape  or  contour  of  the  laminate 
to  be  made?     Certain  impregnated  papers  will  not  form 
double  curvatures  without  patterning  and  do  not  make  a 
good  job  even  when  patterned.     Other  papers  are  more 
adaptable  for  this  purpose  but  will  "draw"  to  some  extent. 
All  types  can  form  flat  panels  or  simple  curves  or  angles 
without  much  difficulty. 

(8)  What    are    the   strength    requirements?      Strength 
specifications  should  include  tensile,  impact,  and  compres- 
sion strength,  and  also   modulus  of   elasticity  and   modu- 
lus of  rupture.     Often  it  is  not  possible  to  include  the  last 
two  factors,  but  a  general  idea  of  what  the  finished  product 
must  withstand  is  essential.    Included  in  this  category  also 
are  the  desired  minimums  of  moisture  absorption  and  re- 
sistance against  acids,  alkalies,  oil,  gasoline,  fungus,  etc. 
These  factors,  as  well  as  the  strength  requirements  of  the 
finished  laminate,  should  be  given  within  reasonable  limits, 
if  possible. 

Manufacturer's  Problems 

One  of  the  biggest  problems  facing  the  manufacturer  en- 
tering the  field  of  molding  laminates  is  that  of  equipment. 
What  type  would  best  fulfill  the  requirements  of  the  prod- 
uct he  has  in  mind?  This  is  a  crucial  question.  Generally. 
the  raw  material  manufacturer  is  willing  to  cooperate,  but 
recommending  the  choice  of  machinery  is  hardly  his  prov- 
ince. Besides,  shortage  of  manpower  has  reduced  his  staff, 
and  he  does  not  have  the  facilities  to  educate  prospective 
customers.  The  latter  must  learn  from  the  experience  of 
others  in  the  field  and  from  consultation  with  equipment 
manufacturers  just  what  sort  of  equipment  to  install  for 
their  purpose. 

Machinery  is  only  one  factor.  Suppose  this  problem  is 
solved  and  the  manufacturer  is  ready  to  produce  a  plastics 
paper  product.  He  may  then  be  stymied  by  one  of  two  (or 
both)  raw  material  obstacles  he  had  not  considered — the 
product  may  not  carry  sufficient  priority  and  have  an  ac- 
ceptable end-use  to  insure  allocation  of  the  necessary  resin ; 
or  he  may  discover  that  another  material  is  better  for  his 
purpose  than  paper.  It  should  be  remembered  that  paper, 
like  every  other  material,  has  its  limitations  as  well  as  its 
virtues — a  fact  that  some  newcomers  in  the  field  do  not 
quite  appreciate.  This  often  leads  to  disappointment  ac- 
companied by  totally  unjustified  bitterness  against  the  paper 
manufacturer. 

Surely,  it  is  not  too  much  to  ask  that  the  plastics  man- 
ufacturer become  acquainted  with  all  the  complex  problems 
in  his  field  before  proceeding  to  manufacture  his  product. 
The  answers  to  many  of  these  problems  cannot  be  obtained 
by  a  simple  telephone  inquiry.  They  must  be  studied  with 
scientific  thoroughness.  Furthermore,  the  literature  pro- 
duced by  paper  manufacturers  should  be  carefully  studied 
and  filed. 

This  discussion  of  paper  laminates  is  important,  not  only 
because  it  affects  the  good  relations  between  the  raw  ma- 
terials man  and  the  product  manufacturer,  but  also  because 
of  the  possible  repercussion  on  public  confidence  regarding 
plastics  products.  This  confidence  should  never  be  taken 
for  granted.  Manufacturers  can  help  to  foster  it  as  well 
as  avoid  personal  disappointment  and  financial  loss  by 
looking  before  they  leap,  and  by  remembering  that  even 
though  plastics  seem  to  be  endowed  with  magical  qualities, 
the  raw  materials  man  after  all  is  certainly  no  magician. 
He  cannot  do  the  impossible.  END 


76 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


We  have  an  ample  and  continuous  supply  of  this  scrap,  which  makes  an  ex- 
cellent molding  compound  of  the  phenol-formaldehyde  type.  If  you  are  not 
familiar  with  its  ever-widening  possibilities,  by  all  means  let  us  give  you  the 

story,  as  this  material  is  a  genuinely  important 

HP*          "  •  opportunity  for  molders  of  many  types  of  articles. 

V  ^nji*.   \     _^^^^  Samples,  prices,  etc.,  promptly  sent. 


RAYCO 
Fillers 

for  free-flowing 
molding  compounds 
JUNE  1945 


RAYON  PROCESSING  CO.  V,i: 


45  Tremont  St.,  Central  Falls,  R.  I. 
PLASTICS  77 


Multiproofing 
Fabrics 

(Continued  from  page  37) 


tention  of  whiteness  upon  baking  and  aging.  Because  of 
these  qualities,  this  family  of  plastics  has  been  used  to  gas 
and  flame-proof  cloth  coatings  for  war  uses. 

Similarly,  the  vinyl  chloride  resins  are  distinguished  for 
their  chemical  inertness  and  the  fact  that  they  are  not  af- 
fected by  many  foods,  oils,  water,  chemicals,  fats,  etc.  They 
have,  therefore,  been  widely  used  for  army  raincoats,  pau- 
lins,  lightweight  tents,  food  bags,  hospital  sheetings,  life- 
preservers  and  cockpit  covers.  Their  civilian  uses  have 
included  shower  curtains,  garment  bags,  table  cloths,  food 
packaging,  laboratory  equipment,  linings  for  plating  and 
pickling  baths  and  storage  tanks. 

In  recent  years,  individual  company  advertisements  and 
publicity  have,  perhaps,  given  the  impression  that  fabric 
coating  is  a  simple  business  which  almost  any  manufac- 
turer with  a  few  extra  square  feet  of  floor  space  might 
profitably  undertake.  Such  an  impression  is  unfortunate, 
for  this  business  is  extremely  technical  and  calls  for  ex- 
tensive and  varied  equipment,  a  large  staff  of  highly  skilled 
craftsmen  and  personnel  well  grounded  in  chemistry  and 
engineering  to  operate  the  laboratories  and  supervise  the 
manufacture  of  many  items.  The  products  must  meet  and 
be  sold  against  definite  specifications,  and  since  no  one 
synthetic  or  any  single  plasticizer  is  the  answer  and  since 
customers'  desires  must  be  met  successfully  both  as  to 
quality  and  originality  of  design  or  "styling,"  there  must 
be  continuous  research  and  development  work,  control  and 
quality  of  the  raw  materials,  a  complete  check  of  the  fin- 
ished article  against  specifications,  and  an  expenditure  of 
every  effort  to  use  the  best  and  most  modern  equipment 
available. 

An  infinite  variety  of  fabrics  is  used  for  plastics  coat- 
ing. These  may  range  from  a  finely  woven  rayon  mar- 


quisette which  can  be  treated  to  make  a  mosquito  net  or 
dipped  and  dried  in  a  tower  eventually  to  become  a  beau- 
tiful shower  bath  curtain,  to  a  heavy  duck  which  can  be 
impregnated  for  army  tent  use  or  coated  to  form  a  rail- 
road vestibule  car  curtain. 

Many  of  our  own  cotton  cloth  constructions  are  woven 
in  our  Joanna  Textile  Mills,  located  in  Goldville,  S.  C. 
The  fabrics  arrive  in  the  greige  state  from  the  mills  and 
one  of  the  first  steps  is  to  desize,  bleach,  and  possibly  dye 
the  material,  depending  upon  the  end  use.  In  some  cases, 
in  order  to  meet  specific  requirements,  the  cloth  is  sized  or 
back-filled.  At  this  stage  in  the  process,  the  cloth  can  also 
be  fire-proofed  and  made  mildew-resistant. 

Rigid  Control 

Rigid  control  is  essential,  for  the  strength  of  a  fabric 
may  be  impaired  by  improper  bleaching  methods.  Dye 
experts  mix  the  dyes  and  prepare  the  solutions  for  the  dye 
machine  operators.  The  latter  run  the  cloth  through  a 
trough  containing  the  dye  solution  and  a  squeeze  roll  ar- 
rangement, a  predetermined  number  of  times  in  order  to 
develop  the  correct  color.  Then  the  water  is  evaporated 
by  passing  the  wet  cloth  over  dry  cans  and  through  the 
tenter  frame  to  hold  the  cloth  out  to  a  correct  width. 

After  bleaching,  dyeing,  flame-proofing,  mildew-proof- 
ing, or  sizing  (the  customer  may  need  only  one  of  these 
operations-or  all  of  them  ).  the  cloth  must  be  inspected  and 
rewound.  In  doing  this,  the  rewinding  operator  looks  for 
imperfections  resulting  from  poor  weaving;  seams  con- 
necting the  various  cuts  of  cloth  must  be  repaired,  and 
other  defects  caused  by  operations  up  to  this  point  are  re- 
moved. The  rewinding  machine  is  also  equipped  with  a 
yardage  counter  which  automatically  registers  the  yardage 
of  the  sheeting  being  rewound.  At  this  time,  the  cloth  is 
ready  to  go  to  the  coating  machines,  or  ovens,  where  a  spe- 
cific plastics  coating  is  to  be  applied. 

While  this  is  going  on,  other  departments  in  the  plant 
are  preparing  for  the  cloth.  In  one  department,  pigments 
previously  prepared  by  the  control  laboratory  are  dispersed 
in  the  proper  plasticizer  or  other  guiding  vehicle.  This  is 
done  on  roller  mills  or  in  ball  mills.  Expert  color  matchers 
blend  the  individual  pigment  pastes  to  match  a  new  color 


Coated  fabrics  may  be  given  rich  finishes  by   passing 
them  through  the  engraved  rolls  of  an  embossing  machine 


Nylon  entering  a  coating  machine  where  one  to  thirty  layers 
of  solution  may  be  applied,  depending  on  end-use  of  the  fabric 


78 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Pigment  paste  being  dumped  into  tanks  along  with  resin, 
solvents   and    plasticizers   to   form   the   coating   solution 


or  check  a  previously  filed  card'fbr  a  color  made  once  or 
many  times  before.  A  careful  record  is  kept  of  the  for- 
mula of  every  color  blended  in  this  department;  in  this 
way,  if  a  customer  wants  to  reuse  a  color  he  used  years 
ago,  the  exact  shade  or  tint  tau.be,  ascertained  merely  by 
referring  to  this  file. 

In  another  department,  these  pigment  pastes  are  blended 
with  the  film  forming  elements  of  the  coating  formula.  De- 
pending upon  its  ultimate  use,  the  coating  composition  may 
be  made  in  a  revolving  paint  mixer  or  in  tanks  where  small 
turbines  revolving  at  high  speed  whip  the  materials  into 
the  final  plastics  form.  Another  method  by  which  the  coat- 
ing composition  may  be  produced  is  to  pour  the  pigment 
paste,  the  resin  and  the  solvent  and  plasticizer  into  large 
steam-jacketed  autoclaves.  The  plastics  composition 
(which,  at  high  temperatures  flows  like  a  thin  syrup)  is 
then  pumped  to  any  point  in  the  coating  department  where 
it  might  be  required  for  direct  application  to  the  fabric. 

Plastics  i-oa tings  may  be  applied  by  roller  coating,  doc- 
tor blade,  spreading,  or  dipping  and  impregnating.  The 
solvent  is  evaporated  in  an  enclosed  tenter  frame  if  no 
shrinkage  is  allowed :  or  in  a  festooning  chamber  if  a  com- 
paratively long  drying  and  baking  cycle  is  to  be  main- 
tained; or  in  a  tower.  The  machine  operator  sews  the  roll 
of  cloth  to  a  blanket  or  leader  already  threaded  tli rough 
the  coating  machine,  adjusts  his  coating  head  and  the  rate 
of  flow  of  the  coating  composition,  pushes  the  starting  but- 
ton, and  the  actual  coating  begins. 

Inside  the  machine,  the  solvents  are  evaporated  from  the 
pla-tics  deposit  on  the  cloth  by  heated  air  which  is  blown 
into  the  oven  at  high  velocity.  Should  the  solvent  concen- 
tration build  up  to  a  certain  point  in  any  part  of  the  oven, 
special  instruments  automatically  shut  down  the  machine, 
and  it  cannot  be  started  again  until  the  oven  is  purged  of 
solvent  vapor.  At  this  point,  a  system  of  electrical  relays 
allows  the  operator  to  restart  his  machine.  This  is  simply 
one  of  many  precautions  which  must  be  taken  to  eliminate 
danger  when  inflammable  solvents  are  used.  While  the 
equipment  is  expensive,  nevertheless  (and  more  impor- 
tant) constant  precautions  are  necessary  to  safeguard  op- 
erating personnel.  The  air  in  the  coating  room  must  be 
kept  at  the  correct  humidity  so  as  to  reduce  static  discharge, 


while  static  grounds  are  u-ed  at  every  conceivable  point. 
If  the  company  is  large  enough  men  should  be  employee! 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  checking  equipment  for  ha/aid-  to 
life  and  property. 

The  coating  machine  operator  runs  his  machine  in  ac- 
cordance with  pre-set  standards.  Speed  and  thickn- 
coat  must  be  closely  controlled.  The  fabric  being  coated 
may  be  as  thin  as  the  sheerest  nylon  or  silk,  or  as  thick  as 
heavy  duck.  It  may  receive  a  single  coat,  pigmented  or 
clear,  or  as  ninny  as  thirty  coats,  depending  upon  the  fin- 
ished weight  desired  and  the  use  to  which  the  final  product 
will  be  put. 

The  solvent,  which  has  been  evaporated  inside  the  coat- 
ing machine  because  of  the  circulated  hot  air,  is  withdrawn 
at  a  controlled  rate  from  the  coating  machines  into  the  sol- 
vent recovery  system  which  is  located  in  another  building. 
The  solvent  is  absorbed  by  activated  carbon.  This  system 
is  entirely  automatic.  At  the  end  of  a  definite  time  cycle, 
the  carbon  in  one  adsorber  is  saturated  and  the  solvent 
vapor  is  switched  to  another  adsorber.  Steam  enters  the 
charged  adsorber  and  strips  the  carbon  of  its  solvent.  The 
steam  and  solvent  vapor  are  condensed  and  eventually  rec- 
tified. After  steaming,  the  carbon  is  cooled  for  a  definite 
time  and  is  then  ready  for  another  adsorption  cycle.  Ad- 
sorption, steaming  and  cooling  cycles  go  on  automatically 
since  all  valves  are  operated  by  a  system  of  cams  con- 
nected to  a  motor.  This  system  is  started  on  Monday 
morning  and  not  shut  down  until  the  following  Saturday. 
The  rectifying  unit  removes  all  but  a  trace  of  water  from 
the  mixture  of  solvent  and  water  and  the  recovered  sol- 
vent with  less  than  1%  water  is  used  over  again. 

The  next  step  for  the  coated  cloth  or  paper  is  either  a 
calendering  operation  or  an  embossing  operation  or  both. 
In  the  former,  the  machine  simply  applies  a  high  smooth 
finish  to  the  material.  In  the  embossing  operation,  the 
coated  material  passes  between  an  engraved  steel  roller 
and  a  cotton  roller  under  high  pressure  and  temperature. 
Since  the  coating  is  thermoplastic,  it  is  molded  at  this 
temperature  and  pressure  to  conform  to  the  engraving  on 
the  steel  roller.  The  embossed  product  can  be  further 
treated  with  pigmented  compositions  to  achieve  beautiful 
two-tone  effects.  The  coated  material  may  also  be  printed 
or  silk  screened  to  obtain  handsome  designs. 

The  final  step  is  inspection,  laboratory  check  and  pack- 
ing for  shipment.  The  inspectors  are  men  with  long  ex- 
perience. They  grade  the  finished  material,  eliminate  de- 
fective merchandise,  closely  check  the  color,  depth  of  em- 
bossing, finish,  and  width.  The  rolls  arc  usually  put  up  on 
paper  tubes;  these  rolls  vary  in  length  from  12  to  500  yards, 
depending  upon  the  individual  customer's  requirements. 
Samples  are  taken  for  the  laboratory  during  this  inspec- 
tion and  the  material  is  held  in  this  department  and  it  is  not 
shipped  until  released  by  the  laboratory  technician-. 

The  uses  to  which  plastics  coated  fabrics  have  been  put 
during  this  war  period  are  many  and  varied.  Among  these 
applications  are  such  highly  important  items  as  jungle  suits, 
tents,  army  raincoats,  navy  foul  weather  clothing,  nylon 
ponchos,  airplane  tarpaulins,  military  upholstering,  camou- 
flage and  mosquito  nettings,  life  preservers,  water  bags, 
hospital  sheetings,  aviation  clothing,  and  many  others. 
With  the  coming  of  peace  and  the  resumption  of  civilian 
production,  the  use  of  synthetic  coatings  should  greatly 
increase.  We  have  already  put  them  to  a  hundred  and 
one  civilian  use* — window  shades,  adhesive  tape,  shower 
curtains,  table  cloths,  bookbindings,  upholstery  covering, 
awnings,  luggage,  golf  bags,  baby  training  pants,  sports- 
wear, table  pads,  baby  carriage  hoods,  sweat  hands.  Vene- 
tian blinds,  pillow  covers  and  a  host  of  other  things.  There 
will  undoubtedly  be  many  new  applications  in  the  jxistwar 
future,  for  an  appreciable  amount  of  research  along  these 
lines  is  now  being  conducted.  END 


.MNE  194r> 


PLASTICS 


79 


Hose  containing  core  ol  Compar  is  immune  to 
fuel*  with  a  high  percentage  ol  aromatics. 
Both  Compar  and  the  hose  assemblies  are 
products  oi  Resistoflex  Corp..  Belleville.  N.  I 


Molded  by  Victory  Mfg.  Co.  ol  a  special 
non-inflammable  "Lumarith".  product  ol 
Celanese  Products  Corp..  these  grcm- 
mets  serve  well  as  electrical  insulation 


Fabricated  ol  "Fibestos"  cellulose  acetate  by  Peerless 
Products  Co.  lor  Galvin  Mlg.  Corp..  this  condenser  hous- 
ing is  transparent,  features  clarity,  uniform  thickness, 
dimensional  stability,  freedom  from  cracks  and  scratches 


Prince  Motchabelli  rouge  containers, 
molded  of  "Tenite  I"  by  Superior 
Plastic  Co  are  smooth  to  the  touch, 
pleasing  to  the  eye.  and  easy  to  use 


Phenol  formaldehyde  streamlined 
case,  housing  Cambridge  Surface 
Pyrometer  is  corrosion-free  and 
cleans  easier  than  metal.  Acrylic 
window  replaces  usual  glass  pane 


Brilliance  and  beauty  are  combined  with 
utility    in    these    molded    "Tenite"    prod 
ucts.    Spray  nozzle  ioi   hose,   molded  by 
Plastics  Die  &  Tool  Corp..  is  non-corrod- 
ing   and    unbreakable,    ottered    In    bril- 
liant   red    to    identity    it    easily    when 
set    in    the   grass   or    placed    in    storage. 
Poker  chips,  product  of  Amatoy  Corp..  have  deep  serra- 
tions molded  in   both  sides  to  facilitate  easy  stacking. 
Design  is  such  that  when  Interlocked,  they  do  not  topple. 
Lightweight,  brightly  colored,   uniform  in  diameter   and 
thickness,  they  are  similar  to  the  professional  type  chips 


The  Economics  oi 


Intricate  shapes,  close  tolerances 
and  other  difficult  molding  jobs  can 
he  economically  done  by  this  method 


T  NJECTION  molding  principles  have  been  applied  to  thermo- 
1  setting  materials  since  the  earliest  days  of  the  commercial 
plastics  industry.  Nevertheless,  this  process  of  molding — in  which 
a  thermosetting  material  is  first  subjected  to  heat  and  pressure 
and  then  forced  into  a  closed  mold  cavity  where  it  is  cured — 
on  account  of  the  insufficient  experimental  and  production 
data  available,  remained  neglected  for  long  as  a  practical  tech- 
nique capable  of  solving  molding  problems  independently  of  the 
conventional  compression  technique. 

Recent  developments,  however,  have  focused  the  attention 
of  British  and  U.  S.  engineers  once  more  on  the  transfer  method 
which,  in  certain  instances,  appears  to  possess  decided  technical 
and  economical  advantages. 

Technically,  the  transfer  method  can  be  applied  to  the  follow- 
ing: 

(1)  Moldings  of  intricate  shape  where  cores  or  loose  parts 
cannot  be  supported  sufficiently  with  opened  tool. 

(2)  Moldings  with  slender  metal  inserts  or  with  inserts  which 
can  be  located  by  tightly  clamped  tool  parts  only. 

(3)  Moldings  where  exceptional  dimensional  tolerances  are 
required,  especially  across  parting  line. 

(4)  Moldings  with  uneven  wall  thickness  where  initial  stresses 
(caused  by  the  large  variation  in  cross  sections)  are  to  be  avoided. 

In  all  these  cases,  the  application  of  transfer  molding  will  be 
correct  and  comply  with  technical  requirements. 

In  all  other  cases,  however,  the  transfer  method  can  be  applied 
only  when  economically  justified. 

Compression  and  Transfer  Methods  Compared 

The  compression  molding  method  using  multiple  units  has 
achieved  a  high  economic  standard. 
The  cost  of  molding  per  piece  may  be  expressed  thus: 


Pk 


Mh.t 


60.  n 


w.t 

n60 


n.Uc 


N 


Overhead      Wages        Toof  costs 
and  Press 
Where 

_Mh  =  Machine  hour  rate  in  cents 

t  =  time  for  one  cycle  in  minutes 
W  =  wages  per  hour  in  cents 
n  =  number  of  tool  units 
Uc  =  costs  for  one  tool  unit  (impr.)  in  cents 
N  =  number  of  moldings 


Pk  =  A.n  +  -'Ha 
A  and  B  are  practically  constant.  By  derivation  Pk  is  a 


Upstroke-downstroke  transfer  press  which  has  only  one 
vertical  pressure  lor  clamping  and  injection  movement 


Injection  press  having  two  separate  vertical  pressures 


82 


PLASTiCS 


JUNE  1945 


^Molding  Sretowce 


uniuERsni 

PLHSTICS  CORPORHTIOH 

NEW    BRUNSWICK     •     NEW    JERSEY 

Moin  Offic«:  270  Modiion  Av«nu«.  N«w  York  It,  N«w  York  •  Sl«tl  Mill 
Products  Compony,  Ine.i  174  W«it  Adomi  Slr««l,  Chicogo  3,  Illinois  • 
Porogon  Solei  Compony.  Int.!  Ill  Soglh  Slr««l.  Philodtphio,  P«nniyl- 
vonio  •  June  ft  Compony:  7I»  N»w  C«nl«r  luilding.  Dtlroil  I.  Miehigon 


Our  plont  focilifiei  are  extensive  pnd  varied,  com- 
prising every  service  from  designing  to  machining 
and  finishing.  To  operate  such  a  plant  requires  the 
combined  skills  and  experiences  of  many  experts 
and  technicians.  At  Universal,  you  will  find  a  setup 
which  is  ideal  for  the  production  of  custom  mold- 
ings in  large  quantities.  Every  operation  is  under 
our  own  roof  and  our  complete  control.  Whether 
your  requirements  ore  immediate  or  postwar,  we 
invite  you  to  consult  our  Planning  Division. 


JUNE  1945 


f»  1.  A  STK  S 


83 


minimum  when 


dn 


I.e.,  Pk  is  a  minimum,  when  the  number  of  impressions 


To  illustrate  this  point,  let  us  consider  the  following  example: 
Contract  number  144,000   (number  of  moldings);  Machine 

hour  rate:  Mh  =  90c:  Wages:  W  =  30c;  Cycle  time:  t  =  4'; 

tool  unit  costs:  Uc  =  7200d. 


$144 


B  -    ™   - 


144.000        1000 
Ik 


1 

1000 

Equation  1  is  valid  for  all  molding  processes  and  single  items 
for  the  transfer  method  are  computed  on  the  basis  that  generally 
the  value  of  t  (cycle  time)  will  be  smaller,  i.e.,  the  number  of 
cycles  p.h.  will  be  increasing  and  the  number  of  tool  units  (n) 
decreasing. 

ttr    .  „        w,    1        Uc  ntr  . . .  Press  cost  for 
Pktr  =  -^  (Mh  +  W)  —  +  ^       transfer  molding 


60 


Ws  _1_    ,  Uc_  nco . . .  Press  cost  for 
60  ^  nco       N  compression  molding 

(the  index  tr  and  co  denote  transfer  and  compression  respectively). 
Assuming  that  the  tool  unit  cost  for  transfer  and  compression 
units  are  equal  and  constant  within  a  certain  number  of  units, 
the  transfer  method  will  be  economical  at: 


(2) 


Neglecting  the  tool  cost  parts: 
ttr  .,  .    1    ^  tco 


1 


(Mh  4-W)  - 

nco 


ttr:  tco  ^  ntr:  nco (3) 

On  the  same  press,  therefore,  the  transfer  method  is  by  com-- 
parison  or  in  competition  with  the  compression  method  econom- 
ical only  when  the  ratio  of  cycle  time  reduction  is  even  or 
larger  than  the  ratio  of  decrease  of  the  number  of  units. 

There  are,  however,  estimating  systems  in  which  the  total 
molding  overhead  is  rated  on  wages  only  and  accordingly  is 
uniform  and  independent  of  press  size. 

In  such  a  case,  equation  2  is  applicable,  also,  but  by  maintaining 
the  same  number  of  cavities  (ntr  =  nc),  the  transfer  molding 
process  must  be  carried  out  on  a  larger  press  and  by  Mh  =  con- 
stant, the  transfer  method  will  be  more  economical. 

The  result,  however,  would  be  fictitious  because  Mh  is,  in 
fact,  not  constant  with  presses  of  different  tonnage. 

But  supposing  the  contract  calls  for  only  one  single  cavity 


INJECTION 
PRESSURE 


CLAMPING 


PRESSURE 


CLAMPING 


PRESSURE 


This  special  angle  press  has  two  independent  pres- 
sures; horizontal  ior  clamping,  vertical  for  injection 


Transfer  press  in  which  the  transfer  force  could  be 
reduced  and  the  standard  power  radio  changed 


This  standard  upstroke  or  downstroke  press  has  one  ver- 
tical pressure  only  for  clamping  and  injection  movement 


84 


PLASTiCS 


JUNE  1945 


CECO 


JUNE  1945 


Tri-dimensional  models  for  movable  or  stationary 
parts  are  now  available  from  the  hands  of  our 
9  '  highly  skilled  experts  in  plastics  (transparent, 
opaque,  etc.),  metal,  and  wood  for  study,  experimentation, 
sales  promotion  or  demonstration. 

We  are  also  equipped  to  provide  a  complete  product 
development  service  from  the  inception  of  the  idea  through 
blueprints  and  models  to  the  finished  mold  by  men  with  long 
years  of  experience  with  leading  model  and  mold  makers. 
Molds  machined  to  extremely  close  tolerances  are  available 
for  all  types  of  molding— Injection,  Compression  and  Transfer. 

MODELS     AVAILABLE     IMMEDIATELY... 

Bring    your    idea   or    blueprint   to   us  today. 

CONDOR    ENGINEERING    CO. 

TOOIMAKERS   TO    THE    PLASTIC    INDUSTRY 
384   SECOND  AVENUE  •  NEW  YORK   10,  N.  Y.  •   GRAMERCY  3-2887 
PLASTICS  85 


1/8 


1/4       3/16       1/2  3/4 

WALL    THICKNESS    (IN.) 


Comparison  of  curing  time  between  compression  and 
transfer  molding  methods  in  relation  to  wall  thickness 


tool;  then  nco  =  ntr,  and  the  economy  of  the  process  depends 
obviously  on  the  ratio  of  the  machine  hour  rate  of  presses  on 
tonnage  required  for  the  compression  or  transfer  method. 

In  such  a  case,  the  economy  of  the  transfer  method  would 
be  determined  by  (1)  time  saving  (ttr.-tc)  and  (2)  tonnage  re- 
quirement or  press  size  (Tons  tr:  Tons  co). 

Considering  that  the  saving  in  time  is  generally  the  saving  in 
curing  time  only  (tc  co— t  ct),  the  advantage  of  using  the 
transfer  method  is  obvious,  as  with  the  compression  method  the 
powder  in  the  tool  is  heated  by  conduction  only  whereas  with  the 
transfer  method  the  heating  of  the  powder  in  the  tool  proceeds 
in  the  following  three  phases: 

(1)  By  conduction  in  the  powder  chamber 

(2)  By  forced  convection  during  the  transfer  from  the  powder 
chamber  into  the  cavities 

(3)  By  conduction  during  the  final  cure 

Above  graph  shows  that  the  overall  heat  transmission  rate  of  the 
transfer  process  is  larger  than  that  of  the  compression  process 
and  illustrates  with  experimental  figures  results  in  time  saving. 

From  this  it  appears  that  up  to  approximately  y^  molding 
wall  thickness  there  is  practically  no  time  saving,  but  above  H* 
molding  wall  thickness  the  saving  in  curing  time  is  gradually 
increasing  and  amounts  to  around  50%  between  %*  and  1*  wall 
thickness. 

Using  preheating,  the  curves  are  more  flat  and  the  saving  on 
curing  time  (tc  co-tc  t)  will  be  minimum  at  maximum  preheating 
temperatures. 

In  general,  the  total  pressure  required  for  each  transfer  tool 
depends  on  tool  size  or,  at  a  given  press  size  (tonnage),  the  maxi- 
mum number  of  tool  units  or  number  of  cavities  is  determined 
by  it. 

But  the  pressure  required  for  each  transfer  tool  system  is 
more  intricate  than  with  compression  molding,  due  to  the  fact 
that  with  compression  molding  the  tonnage  required  is  fixed  by 


practically  constant  values  (there  are  only  slight  variations  in 
specific  pressure),  whereas  with  transfer  molding  there  are  two 
different  forces  acting: 

(1)  The  transfer  force;  i.e.,  the  pressure  required  to  force 
the  powder  from  the  powder  chamber  through  the  nozzle  or  gates 
into  the  cavities. 

(2)  The  clamping  pressure;  i.e..  the  pressure  required  to  hold 
the  tool  parts  or  splits  together  in  order  to  avoid  excess  flash 
and  to  produce  moldings  with  correct  dimensions  across  parting 
line. 

Moreover,  both  these  forces  are  acting  within  the  same  system 
which  can.  therefore,  be  regarded  —  according  to  the  law  of 
hydrostatics  —  as  an  hydraulic  press  on  the  assumption  that  the 
molding  material  constitutes  an  incompressible  fluid. 

The  specific  pressure  is  an  experimental  figure  and  approximate- 
ly three  times  as  large  as  the  specific  pressure  required  for  com- 
pression molding  with  standard  powders. 

From  this  follows,  that  if  the  hydraulic  law  is  valid  for  the 
transfer  molding  system,  the  projected  area  at  disposal  on  a 
fixed  press  is  only  approximately  one-third  of  that  of  the  area 
at  the  disposal  for  the  compression  molding  system. 

This  means,  in  turn,  that  in  comparison  with  compression 
molding,  the  number  of  transfer  tool  units  will  be  one-third 
of  those  required  with  compression;  or  to  put  it  differently,  the 
tonnage  required  will  be  three  times  that  of  the  compression  tool. 

According  to  equation  2: 

ttr:  tco^ntr:  nco  ^  1:3 


Comparing  the  transfer  method  with  the  compression  method 
on  the  same  press  at  a  fixed  tonnage,  the  transfer  method  will  be 
economical  when  the  number  of  transfer  cycles  is  approximately 
three  times  that  of  the  compression  cycles. 

Analyzing  equation  2: 


Mh  onThe  left  side  is  the  machine  hour  rate  for  the  transfer 
press,  the  tonnage  of  which  should  be  three  times  that  of  the 
compression  press  when  ntr  =  nco. 

ttr  (M3TO  +  W)  S  tco  (MTO  +  W) 
MTO  +  W 
M3TO  +  W 
(ttr  depends  on  the  value  of) 
Mto 
M3to 

The  ratio  of  the  machine  hour  rate  of  standard  presses  is  not 
linear;  the  cost  of  one  hour  on  a  150  ton  press  (M3TO)  is  cheaper 
than  3  —  50  ton  (Mto)  presses: 
Mto 


M3to 


and  by  the  additional  wages: 
Mto 


MTO  +  W 
M3TO  +  W 


(Continued  on  page  134) 


Splits    Vertical 


Analysis  of  Transfer  Tooling 


Splits    Horizontal 


Machine 


Disadvantage 


Advantage 


Any  standard  compres-    Angle  press 
sion   press,   down-stroke 

or  up-stroke 

One  pressure  movement    Size  of  moldings  limited 
only;    difficult    pressure    by  clamping  pressure 
control.  Result  is  excess 
flash,      expensive      and 
intricate    tools,    compli- 
cated  tool   operation 


No     special     press     re-    Clamping    and    injection 
quired.   Transfer   princi-     pressures  independently 
pie  incorporated  in  tool    controlled.  Power  oper- 
ated tool  splits 


Any  standard   compres-     Any  standard  press  with     Special  transfer  press 
hydraulic  ejector  gear 


sion  press 


One  pressure  movement    Ratio  between  clamping 

only.    Complicated    tool    and    injection   force   not 

operation.  Difficult  flash    always      economic      for 

control.    Reduced    econ-    transfer    molding.    Tool 

omy  must  be  adapted  to  pe- 

culiar press  elements 
and  fixed  tonnage 

No     special     press     re-    Clamping    and    injection    Independently  controlled 
quired.   Transfer    princi-     pressures  independently    pressures.    Power   oper- 
ple  incorporated  in  tool    controlled.  Power  oper-    ated    tool    splits.    Injec- 
ated  tool  splits  tion  pressure  can  be  ad- 

justed and  clamping 
tonnage  fully  utilized  for 
economic  production 


86 


JUNE  1945 


.WINDOW  S  LIGHT  TO  VIEW 


NEW.     THE  1  KW  MEGATHERM 


Here  is  the  Megatherm  you  have  been  waiting 
for  ...  a  compact  dielectric  heating  unit  de- 
signed for  maximum  performance. 

Ideal  for  production  line  use  in  plastics 
processing . . .  quick,  uniform  heating  of  plastic 
preforms  permits  free  flow  conditions  in  the 
mold  .  .  .  allows  lowered  closing  pressures. 

Fitting  easily  between  molding  presses, 
the  new  Megatherm  is  only  20  inches 
wide  .  .  .  mounted  on  smooth -running 


M 


casters  with  a  special  lock  down  feature. 
The  Megatherm  MD-1A  is  versatile  . . .  han- 
dles a  wide  range  of  materials  and  work  sizes 
.  .  .  heats  plastics,  rubber,  rubber  substitutes 
wood,  glue  and  other  dielectrics  .  .  .  defrosts 
frozen  foods,  and  shows  great  possibilities  in 
the  sterilization  of  pharmaceutical  and  sim- 
ilar products. 

Write  now  on  your  company  letterhead 
for  data  on  the  NEW  1  KW  MECATHKKM 


Federal  Telephone  and  Radio  Corporation 


•««».  u.  s.  PX. 
JUNE  1945 


f»  I.  .1  *  T  1 1  •* 


Newark  1,  N.  J. 


87 


•V  'i 


"Plexiglas"  tray  with  removable  coasters  shows  use  of  effective  design  by  Vargish  &  Company  to  achieve  product  brilliance 


How  to  Make  the  Most  of 


Beauty  Is  Attained  By  Utilizing 
Light  Behavior  in  Transparency 


Director   Product   Development   Laboratory 
Rohm   and    Haas  Company 


IF  DEPRIVED  of  its  clear  transparency,  acrylic  plastics 
would  still  be  remarkably  useful.  Their  permanence, 
weather  resistance,  strength,  hardness  and  the  ease  of  ma- 
chining or  hot  forming  would  give  them  prominence  among 
plastics.  Their  most  startling  characteristic  is,  however, 
their  complete  transparency.  Given  all  the  other  char- 
acteristics as  well,  the  result  is  a  plastics  which,  in  beauty 
and  facility,  opens  many  new  fields  of  design  and  pro- 
duction. 

Obtaining  Beautiful  Results 

There  are  many  uses  of  Ple.riglas  that  do  not  employ 
all  its  properties.  There  is  no  objection  to  these  uses  from 
a  design  standpoint  unless  some  other  material  will  do  a 
better  job.  To  use  the  wrong  material  is  poor  economy 
and,  in  designer's  language,  "unfunctional."  Plexiglas  for 
windows,  where  glass  is  cheaper  and  better,  or  for  bath- 
tubs, where  enamel  will  resist  more  wear  and  will  not 


deform  if  over-heated,  is  poor  functionalism.  If  misapplied, 
a  material  receives  unjust  criticism. 

To  use  a  handsome  material  incorrectly  is  also  poor 
economy.  A  misuse  that  is  widespread  and  sometimes 
difficult  to  define  is  to  neglect  the  inherent  beauty  of  the 
material  if  appearance  is  a  factor  at  all.  This  seems  obvi- 
ous, yet  it  is  astonishing  how  frequently  one  sees  objects 
using  Plexiglas  as  if  it  were  opaque,  or  with  no  application 
of  the  simple  rules  for  getting  beauty  from  its  transparency. 

If  a  material  is  not  inherently  attractive,  the  eye  appeal 
of  the  finished  product  depends  on  applied  form  and  color; 
in  other  words,  on  how  well  the  material  is  disguised. 
When  the  material  is  in  itself  handsome,  design  and  crafts- 
manship need  only  be  employed  to  show  it  to  advantage. 
Because  of  its  great  clarity,  objects  made  of  acrylic  plastics 
can  be  simple  and,  by  that  simplicity,  be  very  beautiful 
and  entirely  functional.  The  designer  and  fabricator  should 
know  how  to  obtain  the  most  beautiful  result  with  the  least 
effort.  That  is  both  good  economy  and  good  taste. 


88 


PLASTt CS 


JUNE  1945 


REFLECTIONS 


O" 


30« 


4-1% 


60" 


9-6% 


38-4% 


Fig.  1.    Light  hitting  a  polished  surface  of  transparent  material 
is   partly   reflected   and   partly    transmitted   into   the   material 


All  too  often,  the  first  uses  of  a  new  material  are  imitative, 
for  people  apparently  like  familiarity.  In  our  office  are  two 
files.  One,  an  early  metal  cabinet,  is  painted  to  imitate 
wood.  The  other,  a  "victory  model,"  is  made  of  wood  but 
painted  green  to  imitate  metal  office  furniture.  That  com- 
plete- the  cycle.  The  oldest  known  plaster  is  on  the  podium 
of  a  throne  and  is  painted  to  resemble  marble.  Now — 
centuries  later — we  have  a  request  in  our  files  for  Plexi- 
glas mottled  to  resemble  marble. 

We  feel — and  hope — that  such  imitative  uses  will  de- 
crease as  Plexiglas  becomes  familiar  for  its  own  qualities. 
Out  of  the  large  number  of  uses  even  now  being  found  for 
the  material  will  grow  certain  ones  in  which  Plexiglas  is 
better  or  more  beautiful  than  any  other  material.  In  these 
uses  lies  the  future  of  the  material. 

Offers  Gloss-Like  Characteristics 

The  wide  sales  appeal  of  Plexiglas  merchandise  lies  es- 
sentially in  its  transparency  and  in  the  effects  that  can  be 
obtained  from  this  transparency.  Those  using  the  ma- 
terial will  therefore  do  well  to  concentrate  on  this  property, 
and  base  their  design  on  a  study  of  what  can  be  done  that  is 
novel  or  useful  or  beautiful  because  of  it.  By  coincidence, 
such  designs  as  these  fall  into  the  modern  trend  toward 
clean,  simple  forms  with  beauty  achieved  by  the  material 
itself. 

There  is  no  optical  effect  possible  with  Plexiglas  which 
could  not,  theoretically,  be  achieved  in  special  or  high 
grade  optical  glass.  Such  glasses  can  carry  light  around  a 
corner.  Glass  can  be  inscribed  in  designs  that  appear  as 
relief  from  the  other  side  or  appear  luminous  when  lighted 
from  one  edge.  With  proper  design,  either  material  will 
produce  articles  of  very  similar  brilliance. 

Our  reason  for  stressing  the  optical  properties  of  Plexi- 
glas is  that  now,  in  this  plastics,  we  have  a  material  that 
combines  these  optical  properties  with  ease  of  handling 
and  other  plastics  qualities.  Beautiful  effects  that  were  too 
fragile,  too  different  or  too  costly  in  glass  are  now  ob- 
tainable in  a  strong  material,  easily  and  cheaply. 

Since  glass  was  first  known,  a  great  deal  of  knowledge 
has  l>een  gathered  about  the  behavior  of  light  in  a  clear 
material.  If  this  knowledge  is  not  applied  an  object  is 
apt  to  be  dull  or  of  a  confused  brilliance — no  matter  how- 
clear  the  material.  Thus,  to  know  the  first  principles  of 
light  behavior  in  a  transparency  is  the  first  and  main  step 
in  designing  to  get  the  most  out  of  Plexiglas. 

Light  hitting  a  polished  surface  of  transparent  material 
is  partly  reflected  and  partly  transmitted  into  the  material. 
When  a  beam  of  light  hits  an  acrylic  resin  surface  verti- 


TKANSMITTto 


CONE  OF 
TRANSMISSION 


RtFLtCTtD 


478 
PLEXIGLAS 


Fig.  3.    Inner  reflection  and  transmission  of  light  in 
"Plexiglas"  (N  indicates  direction  normal  to  surface) 


|O    2O    30   40   50    60    70    »0    90 


DEGREES  FROM  VERTICAL 


DEG.  FROM 
VERTICAL 


REFLECTED         %  TRANSMITTED 


10 
20 
30 
40 
SO 
60 
70 
80 
90 


4 
* 

4.1 

45 

6.9 

9.6 

16.1 

38.4 

100. 


96- 
96 
95.9 
955 
93.1 
70.4 
13.2 
61  6 
0 


Fig.  2.   Until  the  angle  of  the  beam  is  very  oblique 
most  of  the  light  is  transmitted  into  the  material 


JUNE  1945 


fLASTtCS 


cally  (.Fig.  1)  only  about  4%  is  reflected  while  96%  is  trans- 
mitted. As  the  angle  of  the  light  beam  becomes  more 
oblique,  less  light  is  transmitted  and  more  is  reflected  until 
a  beam  parallel  with  the  surface  is  entirely  reflected. 

Notice  that  until  the  angle  of  the  beam  is  very  oblique, 
most  of  the  light  is  transmitted  into  the  material  (Fig.  2). 
This  means,  first,  that  light  normally  goes  through  the  sur- 
face and,  secondly,  that  brilliance  from  the  first  surface  will 
not  be  very  great.  In  designing  for  brilliance,  reflection  at 
the  first  surface  is  not  usually  considered.  However,  the 
material  appears  more  transparent  if  the  line  of  sight  is  di- 
rectly vertical  to  its  first  surface.  It  is  therefore  a  first  rule 
to  design  an  object  so  that  the  line  of  sight  hits  it  as  nearly 
vertical  as  possible  since  sight  travels  precisely  as  light  in 
a  transparency. 

In  designing  an  object,  it  is  simple  to  remember  that  the 
line  of  sight  through  an  object  is  exactly  the  path  followed 
by  light,  and  that  the  paths  are  the  same  in  either  direc- 
tion. 

Designing  for  Brilliance 

The  laws  of  reflection  and  refraction  work  both  ways. 
What  happens  to  a  ray  of  light  in  the  material  when  it  hits 
a  surface  is  the  exact  reverse  of  light  emerging  from  an 
outer  surface  (Fig.  3).  If  a  light  ray  hits  point  O  within  the 
cone  of  transmission,  part  of  it  always  escapes  from  the 
material,  but  a  part  is  reflected  until,  at  the  critical  angle 
and  beyond,  all  is  reflected.  Thus  any  light  hitting  an  inner 
surface  of  the  material  at  47.8°  or  less  is  reflected  100%  in 
an  equal  and  opposite  angle. 

This  property  of  a  transparent  material,  of  completely 
reflecting  light  that  hits  an  inner  surface  outside  of  the  cone 
of  transmission,  is  the  basis  of  this  whole  discussion.  Dia- 
mond is  more  brilliant  than  acrylic  resin  because  the  cone 
of  transmission  being  very  small,  the  angle  of  reflection  is 
very  large.  All  designing  for  brilliance  in  Plexiglas  de- 
pends, first,  on  how  to  get  the  light  to  be  reflected  instead 
of  transmitted  and,  secondly,  on  how  to  get  the  reflected 
light  to  the  eye. 

No  matter  at  which  angle  we  look  at  Plexiglas,  we  can 
see  through  it  if  the  opposite  face  is  parallel.  As  the  two 
surfaces  are  more  oblique  to  each  other,  less  light  is  trans- 
mitted and  more  reflected.  Finally,  when  the  angle  between 
the  surfaces  is  84.4°  or  greater,  no  light  entering  the  first 
surface  can  get  through  the  second.  This  is  the  principle 
of  "light-piping." 

This  explains  why  it  is  impossible  to  see  through  two 
adjacent  sides  of  a  cube.  All  light  going  through  one  face 
is  reflected  from  an  adjacent  face. 

Diffuse,  Directional  Light 

In  this  study  of  light  in  transparent  materials  there  are 
two  types  of  light  to  be  considered  directional  (or  colli- 
mated)  and  diffuse  or,  more  simply,  parallel  and  scattered. 
Diffuse  light  in  Plexiglas  is  composed  of  rays  bouncing 
from  surface  to  surface  at  every  angle  up  to  47.8°.  As  long 
as  the  surfaces  are  smooth  and  polished,  each  ray  will  con- 
tinue bouncing  back  and  forth  at  equal  and  opposite  angles. 
But  if  this  light  hits  a  sculptured  or  painted  surface  it 
bounces  at  new  angles.  Since  much  will  escape  through 
the  opposite  surface,  having  taken  an  angle  of  more  than 
47.8°  to  it,  the  sculpture  or  paint  appears  brilliantly  lighted. 

If  the  light  source  is  near  the  edge  and  diffuse,  as  fluor- 
escent light ;  if  the  Plexiglas  edge  is  sanded,  or  covered  with 
translucent  material,  or  even  if  the  light  enters  at  an  angle 
from  one  end,  the  light  travelling  in  the  material  is  diffuse. 
Diffuse  light  is  thus  best  for  edge-lighting  effects. 

If  the  light  travels  parallel  to  the  surfaces  of  the  material, 
any  interruption  of  the  surface  stops  and  diffuses  that  ray 


LIGHT  AT  AN  ANGLE 


LIGHT  IN  PLEXIGLAS 
IS  REFLECTED  AT 
AN  EQUAL  &  OPPOSITE 
ANGLE  IF  LESS  THAN 
47.8°  TO  THE  PLANE;  AT 
MORE  THAN  47.8°  IT  IS 
TRANSMITTED 


EXTREME         LIGHT  ANGLE 


Figure  4 


WRONG 

RADIUS  TOO  SHORT 


RIGHT 

RADIUS  ™  3  X 
THICKNESS  OF 
MATERIAL  OR  MORE  g 


Fig.  5.  Light  can  be  piped  around  a  bend  in  "Plexiglas."  It  escapes 
if  the  bend  is  too  short,  is  carried  successfully  where  the  radius 
of  the  curve  is  at  least  three  times  the  thickness  of  the  material 


LIGHT  ENTERING  OBLIQUELY 
ESCAPES  SOONER 

Fig.  6.  Where  two  faces  taper  together,  light  entering 
the  open  end  eventually  escapes  from  the  material.  A 
ray  hitting  one  surface  rebounds  to  the  opposite  surface 


90 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


/Itttotnaftc  Proc/ttcft'on 


1  HE  economical  advantages  gained  by  plastic  molding  are 
completely  lost  when  stocks  pile  up  at  hand-operated  drilling  or 
tapping  machines. 

Now  — 

The  POND  OPERATING  FIXTURE  speeds  up  finishing  by 
adding  automatic  action  —  taking  over  practically  all  of  the 
human  operator's  duties  with  increased  speed  and  accuracy. 

With  magazine-  or  hopper-fed  parts,  this  amazing  new  de- 
velopment clamps,  feeds,  unclamps,  and  ejects  the  work,  re- 
quiring no  attention  except  refilling  the  feed  container.  For  parts 
that  must  be  hand-fed  it  performs  every  operation  except  this, 
enabling  the  employee  to  attend  several  machines  at  once. 

The  POND  OPERATING  FIXTURE  is  obtainable  as 
a  component  of  standard  Pond  Drilling  and  Tapping 
Equipment,  as  illustrated.  Or,  it  may  be  obtained  as 
a  separate  unit,  attachable  to  your  own  machines  and 
interchangeable. 

You're  interested  in  faster  production,  reduced  operating  ex- 
penses. Let  us  tell  you  how  the  POND  OPERATING  FIX- 
TURE, a  proved  production  booster  and  manpower  saver,  will 
bring  you  these  advantages  immediately,  and  at  a  new  low 
cost.  Write  for  full  information. 


JL.  Two  typical  successful  applications  of  the  POND 
OPERATING  FIXTURE  now  gaining  widespread  use 
throughout  industry.  Left:  Model  600,  incorporated  in 
a  Pond  Standard  Drilling  Machine.  Right:  Model  600  as 
a  component  in  a  Pond  Standard  Tapping  Machine. 
These  and  other  Pond  Machine  Tool  heads  are  inter- 
changeable on  the  standard  base,  for  a  wide  variety  of 
completely  automatic  second  operational  work. 

POND 

ENGINEERING  COMPANY 

15   PARK    STREET 
SPRINGFIELD,    MASS. 


JUNE  194.') 


!•  L  ASTt  f  X 


91 


DESIGNING  FOR 
BRILLIANCE 


LETTERING,  SCULPTURE,  ETC.,  SHOULD 
BE  ON  THE  REVERSE  SIDE— 


»~ 


BEVELLING 

FBONT 


RIGHT 

ANGLE  BEING  LESS 
THAN  47.8°,  LIGHT 
IS  REFLECTED 


FBONT 


WRONG 

BANGLE  BEING  MORE 
THAN  47.8°,  LIGHT 
IS  TRANSMITTED 


i  LESS  THAN  42.2°, 
VERTICAL  LIGHT  GOES 
THROUGH  SURFACE  II 


BETWEEN  42.2°  & 
45.9°  VERTICAL  LIGHT 
REFLECTS  FROM  II 
&  III,  BACK  THROUGH 


^BETWEEN  45.9°  & 
74°,  VERTICAL  LIGHT 
REFLECTS  FROM  II 
&  GOES  THROUGH  III 


IF  THE  ANGLE  IS  MORE 
THAN  74°,  LIGHT 
REFLECTS 
DOWNWARD  FROM  111 


Fig.  7.  Any  interruption  to  a  polished  surface  causes  light 
to  diffuse,  escape  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  material. 
In  ordinary  design,  bevelling  is  best  done  on  front  surfaces. 
"Plexiglas"  can  be  cut  prismatically,  as  a  diamond  to  get 
simulated  effects.  The  3  triangles  show  varied  light  actions 


so  that  later  surface  breaks  are  not  as  well  lighted.  Light 
can  be  made  directional  with  a  reflector  or  lens  as  for  a 
searchlight.  The  farther  away  a  Plexiglas  edge  is  from  a 
light  source,  the  more  nearly  parallel  are  the  light  rays.  For 
example,  we  consider  the  sun's  rays  to  be  parallel.  Experi- 
ence has  shown  that  objects  of  acrylic  resin,  when  not  in- 
tended for  edge-lighting  effects,  appear  more  brilliant  when 
designed  as  if  the  light  entering  them  were  parallel.  In- 
cidental light  is  of  course  both  diffuse  and  parallel,  but  if 
the  assumption  is  that  it  is  largely  parallel,  most  brilliance 
is  achieved. 

A  ray  of  diffuse  light  entering  one  end  of  a  sheet  or  rod 
will  travel  to  the  opposite  end.  This  is  true  even  of  the 
most  oblique  ray  that  can  enter  the  end  as  illustrated  in 
Fig.  4. 

Making  Light  Work  Best 

More'than  that,  light  can  be  piped  around  a  bend  in  the 
material.  If  the  radius  of  the  bend  is  too  short,  most  of  the 
light  will  hit  the  outer  bent  surface  too  squarely,  fall  in  the 
cone  of  transmission  and  escape. 

If  the  radius  of  the  bend  is  large  enough  so  that  the  last 
ray  (Number  II)  will  not  encounter  the  curved  surface 
within  the  cone  of  transmission  the  light  is  carried  success- 
fully around  the  corner  (Fig.  5).  The  radius  of  the  curve 
should  be  3  times  the  thickness  of  the  material  or  more.  To 
demonstrate  this,  take  a  curved  bar  with  only  one  end  dyed 
pink.  Notice  that  the  light  carries  the  pink  color  out  at  tin- 
other  end.  Probably  very  few  laymen  realize  that  the  clear 
light  (not  the  surface  highlight)  on  the  edge  of  a  glass  dish 
or  bowl  is  light  that  enters  at  the  opposite  edge  and  is  actu- 
ally piped  down  through  the  bowl  and  up  to  the  opposite 
edge.  To  prove  this,  cover  one  edge  and  you  will  see  that 
the  opposite  edge  is  darkened. 

If  it  is  impossible  to  give  enough  radius  to  a  corner  to 
carry  light  around  it,  light  can  be  sent  around  by  bevelling 
the  exterior  to  a  45°  angle. 

If,  instead  of  being  parallel,  the  two  faces  taper  together, 
light  entering  the  open  end  will  eventually  escape  from  the 
material  (Fig.  6).  A  ray,  hitting  one  surface,  rebounds  to 
the  opposite  surface.  Its  angle  to  the  second  surface  equals 
the  angle  to  the  first  surface  fins  the  angle  between  the  tii'o 
surfaces.  Each  time  the  ray  rebounds,  this  angle  is  added 
to  its  angle  until  it  finally  hits  the  surface  within  the  cone 
of  transmission  and  escapes.  If  the  light  is  originally  diffuse, 
its  many  angles  make  it  leak  out  over  the  entire  tapered 
surfaces.  This  may  have  several  applications,  notably  light- 
ing up  a  surface  placed  against  the  taper. 

When  the  light  is  parallel  quite  a  different  phenomenon 
is  produced.  The  smaller  the  angle  between  the  two  sur- 
faces, the  less  is  added  to  each  rebound  of  a  light  ray.  Thus, 
the  smaller  the  angle,  the  farther  the  light  travels  towards 
the  tip  before  it  escapes.  If  the  angle  is  large,  the  lighted 
area  at  the  end  is  large.  The  smaller  the  angle,  the  smaller 
the  lighted  area  and  the  more  intense.  This  is  the  entire 
principle  of  light  funneling. 

Obviously,  it  is  not  necessary  to  sand  the  end  of  a  tapered 
rod  to  let  the  light  escape.  In  medical  instruments,  this 
sanding  is  unnecessary. 

When  anything  interrupts  the  polished  surface ;  whether 
the  surface  is  deeply  curved,  finely  sanded  or  even  painted, 
light  diffuses  from  these  interruptions  and  escapes  from  the 
opposite  side  of  the  material.  Any  surface  treatment  such 
as  lettering  or  design  appears  better  when  seen  through 
the  material  from  the  other  side.  In  other  words,  put  any 
decoration  or  design  on  the  back  of  the  material,  not  the 
front. 

Because  these  interruptions  are  illuminated  by  light  trav- 
elling in  the  material  as  well  as  by  light  through  the  op- 
posite surface,  they  appear,  when  a  strong  light  enters  the 
edge  of  the  sheet,  to  be  luminous.  It  is  possible  to  make  a 


92 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


HFCT 

Lumarith  Plastics 


for  items  of 
personal  us 


LOW  THERMAL  CONDUCTIVITY  is  JUBI  a 

laboratory  way  of  saying  that  Lumarith 
plastics  are  inviting  to  the  touch  in  all 
temperatures.  If  explains  one  of  the 
many  reasons  why  these  jade-like  ther- 
moplastics are  used  so  frequently  in 
applications  involving  personal  contact 
and  handling:  electric  shaver  housings, 
hardware,  tool  handles,  telephone  hand- 
sets .  .  . 

Lumarif h  molded  and  fabricated  items 
have   a   uniform   surface   texture   and 
smoothness  that  actually  improves  with 
handling.  They  are  odorless,  tasteless 
and  non-toxic,  and  can  be  produced  in 
a  limitless  range  of  colors,  color  densi- 
ties and  transparencies. 

Would  you  like  to  know  more  about    ^1 
these  modern  plastics?  Write  for  Product 
Designer's  Booklet,  or  refer  to  Sweet's 
Catalog.  Celanese  Plastic  Corporation, 
a  division  of  Celanese  Corporation  of      ,Vj 
America,  180  Madison  Avenue,  New     ^ 
York  16,  N.  Y. 


Information  for  Product  Designers 


ex^ Ce&&9teoe> 


Toughness  is  characteristic  of  all  lumarith  plastics 
They  have  excellent  colorobility,  water  resistance, 
dielectric  strength,  lightness,  uniformity  and  stabil- 
ity—are interchangeable  in  many  applications.  The 
different   Lumarith  types  and  formulations  accent 
particular    physical    properties    in    the    following 
manner: 

LUMARITH  C.A. 

Cellulose  acetate.  The  most  versatile  of  the  cellu- 
losics  .  .  .  ideal  in  applications  requiring  balanced 
physical  properties  .  .  .  superb  color. 

LUMARITH  X 


JUNE  1945 


High  ocef/f  ceffu/ose  acetate.  Provides  added  di- 
mensional stability  and  moisture  resistance,  with 
superb  color. 

LUMARITH  E.C. 

Ctbyl  cef/u/ose.  Superior  toughness  at  temperature 
extremes,  plus  lightness  and  form  retention. 

CELLULOID 

Ceffufoie  nitrate.  Color,  economy  and  oil  around 
toughness  maintain  the  popularity  of  this  "first 
plastic".  .  .  used  in  volume  for  fabricated  items. 

Success  with  plastics  depends  on  the  proper  se- 
lection of  plastic  type  and  formulation.  Our  tech- 
nical staff  is  at  your  service. 


f  •  LA  STIC  S 


93 


DESIGNING  FOR 
BRILLIANCE 


WRONG 


RIGHT 


RIGHT 


SQUARE 


BEVELLED 


ROUNDED 


Fig.  8.   Edge  brilliance  in  a  box,  dish  or  other  container 
is   attained   by    rounded   or   bevelled    bottom   corners 


WRONG 


RIGHT 


WRONG 


RIGHT 


Fig.  9.  Where  one  edge  of  certain  objects  is  exposed,  dull- 
ness is  eliminated  by  sending  back  the  light  that  goes  in 


WRONG 

2 REFLECTING  SURFACES 
MUST  REMAIN  CLEAN 
AND  POLISHED 
,  ;ED 


RIGHT 


& 
POLISHED 


Fig.   10.    Painted  or  marred  surfaces  will  de- 
stroy the  ability  of  a  surface  to  reflect   light 


lamp  or  rather  a  source  of  illumination  by  edge-lighting  a 
,t  sculptured  or  painted  sheet.    The  source  of  the  light  being 
hidden,  the  engravings  or  painted  surfaces  appear  to  be  the 
source  of  the  light. 

Possible  Uses 

The  potentialities  here  are  hardly  explored  since  so  color- 
less and  clear  a  material  has  not  been  accessible  before  in 
big  sheets.  Advertisements  could  be  edge-lighted  so  that 
the  text  appears  as  brightly-lit,  suspended  letters.  Walls 
covered  with  painted  or  sculptured  sheets  could  be  the 
source  of  light  in  small  rooms  or  richly  decorated  spots. 
Paintings  made  on  Plexiglas  appear  to  radiate  a  clear,  even 
light  with  no  glare.  If  the  edge  of  a  sheet  is  colored,  the 
light  reflected  from  the  surface  interruptions  is  colored.  By 
this  a  whole  color  scheme  could  be  changed  at  will.  If  parts 
of  a  scene  are  put  on  several  superimposed  sheets,  the  edges 
colored  differently  and  lighted,  the  scene  would  appear  in 
color,  light  and  depth. 

If  a  design  calls  for  a  sculptured  Plexiglas  column,  edge- 
lighted  to  illuminate  the  sculpture,  it  would  be  better  to 
form  it  as  a  tube  with  the  sculpture  on  the  inside.  Not  only 
would  this  make  the  sculpture  seen  from  the  outside  appear 
more  brilliant,  but  it  would  give  twice  as  much  reflecting 


surface  for  the  lights  than  if  the  column  were  made  of  a 
solid  rod  of  Plexiglas. 

In  ordinary  designs  it  is  usual  to  bevel  front  surfaces,  a 
tradition  with  opaque  materials  such  as  stone  or  wood.  If 
the  material  is  transparent,  the  bevel  is  best  on  the  back. 
Since  45°  is  less  than  the  critical  angle  of  47.8°  and  since 
it  turns  light  at  right  angles,  it  is  most  effective. 

Demonstrate  this  with  a  bevelled  piece  of  Plexiglas. 
turned  forward  and  backward.  Light  coming  to  the  front 
surface  is  turned  by  the  bevel  to  travel  through  the  material 
to  the  opposite  bevel  where  it  comes  out  again.  In  the  case 
of  a  rod  bevelled  at  both  ends  and  having  a  front  surface 
dyed  pink  at  one  end,  light  is  carried  through  this  dyed  sur- 
face, hits  the  bevel  back  of  it,  travels  the  length  of  the  rod 
and  is  sent  out  as  pink  light  by  the  bevel  at  the  other  end.  If 
a  nameplate  or  plaque  has  a  back  bevel  and  inscription  on  it, 
the  inscription  is  actually  edge-lighted  by  the  light  that  the 
bevel  redirects  through  the  sheet. 

Getting  Diamond  Brilliance 

A  frequent  problem  that  has  arisen  is  to  cut  Plexiglas  as 
a  diamond.  The  art  of  diamond  cutting  consists  of  getting 
as  much  light  in  and  out  of  the  material  as  possible  from 
one  side.  Tables  have  been  worked  out  for  diamond  and 
other  precious  stones,  and  are  applied  the  same  rules  to 


The  principle  is  not  complicated.  It  consists  essentially 
of  a  prismatic  shape.  It  can  be  demonstrated  with  three 
triangles  (30°,  45°,  60°)  in  a  socket  to  show  the  action  of 
light.  The  socket  in  which  they  fit  are  all  red  on  one  side 
only  (Fig.  7).  The  30°  angle  is  simply  transparent.  The 
45°  angle  sends  back  the  light  while  the  60°  angle  trans- 
poses the  image. 

Since  prisms  change  the  direction  of  the  light  entering 
them,  they  can  be  used  not  only  to  obtain  brilliance  but  also 
to  avoid  it. 

Light  entering  a  50°  prism  is  reflected  and  refracted  so 
that  none  of  it  is  visible  over  an  arc  of  over  180°  at  its  tip. 
For  a  60°  triangle,  light  is  cut  out  over  a  smaller  arc  of 
120°. 

In  the  lighting  field  the  use  of  prisms  to  redirect  light  is 
not  all  new.  Where  it  is  possible,  it  is  better  to  redirect 
the  light  by  a  prismatic  shield  which  absorbs  very  little  of 
it,  than  by  a  translucent  shield  which  might  absorb  even 
more  of  it. 

Restraint  Necessary 

For  the  actual  design  of  some  standard  objects  here  are 
a  few  general  pointers.  If  you  want  edge  brilliance  on  a 
box,  dish  or  other  container,  the  bottom  corners  should 
be  either  rounded  or  bevelled  to  carry  the  light  from  one 
edge  to  the  other.  They  should  not  be  square  (Fig.  8). 

If  only  one  edge  is  exposed,  as  for  a  picture  frame,  the 
light  that  goes  in  must  be  sent  back  or  the  edge  will  be  dull 
(Fig.  9). 

Finally,  if  you  have  gone  to  all  the  trouble  of  working 
out  a  handsome  shape  that  does  what  you  want  with  the 
light,  don't  paint  or  otherwise  destroy  the  reflecting  sur- 
faces (Fig.  10). 

There  are  many  applications  of  the  rules  outlined  here  ;  so 
many  combinations  to  be  worked  out  that  it  is  possible  to  go 
on  citing  them  indefinitely.  The  only  way  of  knowing  exactly 
what  effect  you  can  get  is  to  use  as  much  as  you  know  and 
make  preliminary  models.  It  takes  a  better  mathematician 
than  usual  to  predict  what  light  will  do  in  a  complex  form. 

Because  acrylic  resin  is  so  easy  to  work  and  presents  so 
many  opportunities  for  attractive  tricks,  there  is  often  a 
tendency  to  go  overboard.  This  should  be  avoided.  One  or 
two  tricks  are  enough  to  make  an  object  more  attractive. 
When  a  material  itself  is  beautiful,  the  less  craft,  the  more 
beautv.  END 


94 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


'man 

p/osflC*'  Washington  Correspondent 


Tl  1 1C  head  of  one  of  the  WPB  industry  divisions  came  out  of 
an  interagency  meeting  the  other  day  and  said :  "The  Army 
seems  to  think  it  is  building  up  inventories  and  plans  for  15 
years  of  war."  What  he  meant,  of  course,  is  that  the  Army  is 
very  cautious  about  letting  go  of  materials,  manpower,  and 
facilities,  and  that  it  is  slow  about  cutting  back  on  some  produc- 
tion. The  Army,  while  not  saying  much  about  it,  is  very  con- 
scious of  the  fact  that,  barring  the  unpredictable,  there  will  be  a 
grim  war  in  the  Pacific  for  at  least  another  year — a  war  that 
will  take  all  we  can  give  it.  Army  apparently  reasons,  in  this 
respect,  that  the  Pacific  war  may  have  angles  and  incidents  which 
may  call  upon  the  armed  services  of  land,  air  and  water  for  new 
types  of  fighting  with  new  types  of  equipment,  and  possibly 
with  other  new  equations,  for  which  reasons  Army  is  naturally 
reluctant  to  let  go  of  the  production  machine,  back  home,  which 
it  has  managed  to  build,  and  wants  to  hold  together  as  much  of  it 
as  possible,  for  as  long  as  possible,  until  the  war  is  over  in  the 
Pacific  as  well  as  in  Europe.  The  Army  effort  to  go  slow  does 
not  indicate  a  wish  to  choke  off  civilian  supplies  entirely,  but  to 
keep  the  whole  economic  machine  under  some  kind  of  control. 
In  this  connection,  it  appears  that  not  only  the  Army,  but  most 
seasoned  members  of  this  Government,  feel  that  we  must  stay 
under  arms  for  some  time  after  both  wars  are  over;  and  that 
we  must  have  facilities,  materials,  and  stockpile  reserves  for  the 
emergencies  that  can  occur  in  the  best-regulated  of  worlds.  New 
conditions,  new  thoughts,  new  plans,  new  ambitions  will  be 
abroad  in  this  world  after  these  wars,  and  we  must  be  prepared 
to  meet  any  situation. 

These  reflections  have  an  immediate  application  to  the  plastics 
industry.  Xils  Anderson,  the  alert  head  of  the  Plastics  Branch  of 
the  Chemicals  Bureau  of  WPB,  says  that  members  of  the  in- 
dustry are  beginning  to  write  in  asking  about  revocation  of  con- 
trols, relaxation  of  regulations,  and  are  prcssingly  eager  to  know 
more  details  about  the  reconversion  they  read  about  in  their 
newspapers  and  magazines.  The  War  Department  itself  inti- 
mated the  other  day  that  there  might  be  substantial  cutbacks, 
and  when,  as,  and  if  these  cutbacks  were  ripe,  they  might  come 
somewhere  along  about  August  or  October.  There  have  been 
some  cutbacks,  but  they  have  been  merely  switches  from  one 
type  of  production  to  another,  or  deletions  of  orders  for  produc- 
tion that  had  not  even  begun.  No  one  here  seems  really  to 
know  about  the  potential  cutbacks  except,  possil'ly,  the  "brass 
hats"  in  Army,  Navy,  and  WPB,  and,  of  course,  the  President 
and  his  intimate  advisers.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  States  bore  down  hard  on  the  emphasis  that  estimates  of 
cutbacks  are  "a  dime  a  dozen"  in  Washington.  The  most  prev- 
alent opinion  among  the  least  emotional  Government  people  is 
that  cutbacks  and  controls  will  be  initiated  with  caution.  There 
has  been  some  slight  relaxation  which  will  enable  some  pro- 
ducers for  civilian  needs  to  obtain  equipment  and  key  ma- 
chinery which  is  most  urgently  required ;  and  it  has  been  an- 
nounced that  spot  authorizations  may  now  be  made  effective  in 
all  labor  areas,  provided  that  the  civilian  production  will  not 
interfere  with  war  facilities  and  take  away  manpower  working 
on  war  jobs.  Civilian  leaders  in  WPB  and  other  agencies  feel 
that  reconversion  will  come  about  almost  imperceptibly.  The 
gradual  merging  from  war  production  to  civilian  production  is 
expected  to  be  slow  and  encumbered  with  controls  in  order  to 
prevent  any  chaos  or  inflation. 

Revocation  of  Orders 

There  has  been  much  publicity  about  revocation  of  orders. 
Roughly  60  of  the  WPB  controls  have  been  revoked.  There  are 
500  controlling  orders  on  the  WPB  list.  It  has  been  said  among 


those  in  the  upper  brackets  of  WPB  that  150  of  these  orders 
will  gradually  be  cancelled.  But  it  lias  also  l>cen  made  clear  that 
the  Orders  which  are  now  on  the  list  for  cancellation  are  not 
very  important.  In  fact,  they  indicate  the  pattern  of  the  system 
of  control  that  will  probably  be  operated  in  conjunction  with 
war  and  civilian  economy.  It  is  more  than  probable  that  a  part 
of  these  controls  may  spill  over  into  the  postwar  period. 

It  is  significant  that  there  has  been  only  one  revocation  among 
the  numerous  orders  which  apply  especially  to  the  plastics  indus- 
try. The  order  revoked  was  M-154,  which  concerns  preferences 
authorized  for  nitro-cellulose.  In  the  words  of  an  official  of  the 
Plastics  Branch,  the  revocation  "does  not  mean  anything."  The 
armed  services  still  have  the  only  preferred  claim  on  nitro- 
cellulose, which  they  need  in  any  quantity  they  can  obtain. 
There  is  practically  no  nitro-cellulose  for  civilian  use. 

Forecast  of  Modifications 

A  recent  order,  WFO-129,  is  an  apt  illustration  of  the  pattern 
of  modifications  to  come.  It  concerns  stearic  acid,  which  is 
"tight,"  and  will  be  even  tighter.  Competing  claims  from  the 
armed  services  and  from  civilian  agencies  made  it  necessary 
to  define  the  control.  At  the  same  time  the  present  temper  of 
the  country  indicated  that  it  would  be  unwise  to  appear  to  put 
too  much  control  on  another  material  required  for  food.  The 
order  therefore  was  drafted  providing  for  use  of  the  material 
by  certain  manufacturers  producing  for  war  and  for  essential 
civilian  needs  under  certain  preferences,  and  throwing  the  bal- 
ance open  to  anyone  who  could  buy  it  from  his  usual  supplier. 
The  residue  would  thus  apparently  be  available  without  ratings 
to  anyone  able  to  find  a  supplier  who  had  any  to  sell.  The  catch 
was  that  75%  possessed  by  any  supplier  had  to  be  given  to  those 
having  the  preferences,  and  after  the  16th  day  of  each  month 
the  supplier  was  obliged  to  set  aside  another  25%  of  the  fourth 
he  had  left  for  distribution  to  those  who  could  present  direc- 
tives from  WPB.  In  other  words,  if  he  had  20,000  Ih  left  after 
filling  the  original  preferential  orders,  he  was  compelled  to 
freeze  another  5,000  Ib  for  those  who  might  present  an  emer- 
gency certification  from  WPB,  and  he  could  sell  the  15,000  Ib 
finally  left  in  his  stock  to  any  one  who  came  along.  In  the 
normal  course  of  events  he  would  probably  have  demands  for 
50,000  Ib  or  more.  Clearly,  he  would  have  many  headaches  in 
distributing  the  small  residue;  and  those  who  absolutely  nm>t 
have  some  stearic  acid  and  whom  ht  could  not  supply,  would 
have  to  go  to  WPB  and  make  a  hardship  claim.  When  they 
managed  to  obtain  a  certificate,  the  supplier  could  provide  them 
the  material  out  of  his  frozen  5,000  H>. 

The  manner  of  distribution  and  the  method  of  allocation  is 
described  here  in  detail  because  the  principle  of  this  system  un- 
doubtedly will  be  applied  repeatedly  as  the  adjustments  arc  made 
to  the  one-front  war.  The  point  to  bear  in  mind  is  that  the 
intent  is  to  work  down  to  a  simpler  system  of  priorities  for  dis- 
tribution. The  system  is  simpler  in  paper  work,  but  the  essen- 
tial and  fundamental  control  over  the  use  of  material  and  facili- 
ties will  remain.  The  object  is  to  throw  the  solution  of  many 
problems  into  the  laps  of  the  officials  in  the  Regional  ami  Area 
offices.  But  it  seems  logical  to  assume  that  the  new  system  of 
priorities,  even  though  simpler,  will  entail  new  methods,  new 
functions,  and  more  new  ideal,  and  the  inevitable  confusion 
for  a  time  will  still  compel  the  business  man  to  do  much  busi- 
ness with  Washington  to  get  speedier  action. 

Our  friends  in  the  WPB  Plastics  Branch  MiKRrst  making 
clear  that  it  will  not  do  much  good  to  bombard  WPB  in  Wash- 
ington alxjut  controls,  and  materials  and  more  supplies  to  vital- 
ize the  civilian  end  of  the  industry.  To  be  frank,  there  i<  not 


JUNE  194.') 


PL  AST  II  * 





Ingenious  New 

Technical  Methods 


Presented  in  the  hope  that  they  will 
prove  interesting  and  useful  to  you, 


Close-up  of  new 
Pencil  Weld  Gun 


Highly  Versatile  "Pencil  Weld  Gun" 

Welds  Cold... Corrects  Flaws  and 
Defects. ..Saves  Man  Hours,  Materials 

The  Pencil  Weld  Gun,  used 
with  its  Vibra-Weld  Transform- 
er, offers  simplicity  and  versa- 
tility never  before  known  in  the 
industry.  Equally  effective  in  cor- 
recting flaws  and  defects  in  both 
ferrous  and  non-ferrous  metals 
—for  welding  cold,  without  set- 
ting up  stresses  or  crystallization. 

Simple  in  operation,  the  Pen- 
cil Weld  Gun  requires  but  a  few 
moments'  practice  to  achieve  re- 
sults formerly  unobtainable  with 
any  method.  Utilizing  a  combi- 
nation of  air,  high  amperage  and 
low  voltage,  the  weld  never  ex- 
ceeds 125°  to  130°  F.  The  gun 
uses  a  pure  aluminum  or  nickel 
rod,  which  is  applied  directly  to 
the  defective  area.  When  the  sur- 
face has  been  finished  and  pol- 
ished off,  it  is  impossible  to  de- 
tect the  repair.  Easy  to  use,  as 
gun  peens  and  welds  simultane- 
ously. The  Pencil  Weld  Gun  and 
Vibra-Weld  Transformer  can  be 
used  wherever  220  volt  single 
phase  electricity  and  air  outlets 
are  available. 

Unavailable,  however,  is 
Wrigley's  Spearmint  Gum.  As 
the  makers  of  Wrigley's  Spear- 
mint are  unable  to  continue  man- 
ufacture of  the  product  up  to  their 
quality  standards  under  present 
conditions,  the  only  unqualified 
protection  they  can  give  to  the 
consumer  and  the  dealer  alike  is 
to  keep  the  Wrigley's  Spearmint 
wrapper  empty.  While  they  ad- 
vertise this  empty  wrapper,  none 
is  being  made  and  any  found  on 
the  market  is  old  production  of 
a  perishable  product. 

You  can  get  complete  information  from 
Mid-States  Equipment  Company,  2429  S. 
Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago  16,  Illinois 


Pencil  Weld  Gun  with 
Vibra-Weld  Transformer 


much  the  WPB  people  can  do.  There  are  practically  no  mate- 
rials for  civilian  plastics  manufacture,  and  there  are  strict  lim- 
itations on  many  used  for  military  jobs.  It  is  the  same  situa- 
tion we  have  previously  outlined  here.  If  the  materials  are  not 
so  scarce  that  they  must  be  routed  preferentially  for  the  various 
military  purposes,  they  are  used  as  a  basis  for  food,  munitions, 
or  for  some  purposes  probably  more  urgently  necessary  for  the 
war  than  the  immediate  military  product.  Recent  announce- 
ments reveal  that  phosphate  plasticizers  in  any  form  have  been 
placed  under  allocation,  with  a  5  gal  per  month  exemption  for 
small  orders.  Phthalate  plasticizers  are  so  scarce  that  controls 
have  been  still  more  tightened.  Acrylic  resins  were  virtually 
ruled  off  the  civilian  list.  Cellulose  ester  sheets  and  molding 
powder  are  available  only  for  the  most  essential  civilian  re- 
quirements, which  means  that  they  have  a  part  in  war.  There 
is  no  dichlorostyrene  for  civilian  uses ;  and  virtually  no  ethyl 
cellulose.  Phenolics  were  ruled  out  for  table  tops  for  canteens, 
hospitals ;  and  no  molding  powder  was  permitted  for  closures, 
buttons,  electric  iron  handles,  washing  machine  parts,  vacuum 
cleaner  parts  or  other  domestic  appliances ;  nor  for  knobs  and 
handles  for  cooking  utensils,  radio  cabinets,  camera  cases  and 
parts,  medical  vaporizers  or  cup  holders. 

Late  in  April  the  whole  gamut  of  phenolics  was  more  tightly 
restricted.  It  was  announced  that  in  most  instances  military 
assistance  will  be  necessary  to  obtain  the  materials.  Poly- 
dichlorostyrene  was  ruled  out  entirely  for  civilians.  Only  off- 
grade  polysterene  was  made  available  for  the  majority  of  urgent 
civilian  uses.  Further  controls  were  placed  on  maleic  and 
melamine  resins,  because  requirements  for  military  and  essential 
needs  exceed  the  present  supply.  A  check  is  under  way  on  all 
proposed  consumer  uses,  past  as  well  as  present.  All  vinyl 
polymers  were  reported  short ;  and  an  order  was  issued  to  con- 
serve phthalic  alkyd  resins,  as  well  as  pentaerythritol.  These, 
like  most  other  plastics  raw  materials,  are  expected  to  be  in 
short  supply  for  at  least  six  months.  The  use  of  most  of  these 
materials  is  limited  even  on  Army  specifications.  Early  in  May 
the  Plastics  Branch  reported  that  phthalic  anhydride  is  one  of 
the  most  critical  materials  in  the  whole  war  production  program. 
The  increase  expected  in  several  months  must  be  used  for  smoke- 
less powder  and  insect  repellents.  Army  warned  it  would  need 
infinitely  more  phthalic  anhydride  for  insect  repellents  as  the 
Army  moves  into  the  Pacific  in  greater  numbers.  Maleic  an- 
hydride is  almost  as  critical  in  supply  as  phthalic.  WFA  also 
has  made  claims  for  both  materials.  They  enter  into  some 
phases  of  the  food  program.  Acetone  and  diacetone  have  been 
brought  under  more  rigid  control ;  they  have  been  placed  under 
Order  M-300.  Hydroquinone  has  been  placed  under  tight  con- 
trol. Cellophane,  otherwise  tightly  restricted  under  L-20,  may 
be  used  to  package  or  wrap  automobile  fog-and-frost  shields 
by  authority  of  amendment  issued  April  16. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  ledger,  it  is  found  that  WPB  prom- 
ises synthetic  camphor  may  be  used  for  miscellaneous  civilian 
needs  after  lend-lease  and  certified  war  uses  have  been  supplied. 
The  general  assumption  is  that  this  means  that  within  two  to 
three  months  there  will  be  a  reasonably  free  supply  of  the  ma- 
terial. Casein  also  appears  to  be  gradually  becoming  more  free. 
Order  L-37-a.was  amended  in  April  to  make  it  possible  for 
manufacturers  of  musical  instruments,  accessories,  and  repair 
and  replacement  parts,  to  fill  suspended  orders  for  military  needs 
or  Veterans  Administration  institutions,  by  using  idle  or  excess 
methyl  methacrylate  and  phenol  formaldehyde  plastics.  There 
will  be  a  further  demand  for  the  raw  materials,  upon  which 
plastics  are  based,  if  Bill  S.  882,  introduced  by  Senators  Hill 
and  Bankhead,  both  of  Alabama,  is  enacted.  It  bestows  upon 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  TV  A,  and  other  Government 
agencies,  wide  powers  to  establish  a  large  number  of  plants  to 
make  huge  quantities  of  fertilizer. 

Rayon  Production 

Acute  shortage  prompted  WPB  to  call  upon  the  Rayon  Pro- 
ducers' Association  to  strive  immediately  for  a  much  increased 
production  of  high  tenacity  rayon  yarn.  Government  has  found 
that  manpower  shortage  is  the  bottleneck  retarding  capacity 
production.  Approximately  28%  of  the  current  capacity  has 
!>een  lost  by  lack  of  labor,  and  the  situation  is  becoming  worse. 
Production  must  be  increased  40%  to  meet  the  program  for  the 
fourth  quarter  and  55%  more  is  needed  to  supply  1946  require- 
ments. Chairman  Krug  of  WPB  served  notice  that  at  least 
(Continued  on  page  114) 


96 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


--> 


££7$  6ET  WE  ADtWKAL  MS 


Admiral  Halsey  has  his  eye  on  a  fine  white 
horse  called  Shirayuki. 

Some  time  ago,  at  a  press  conference,  he 
expressed  the  hope  that  one  day  soon  he 
could  ride  it. 

The  chap  now  in  Shirayuki's  saddle  is 
Japan's  Emperor— Hirohito. 

He  is  the  ruler  of  as  arrogant,  treacher- 
ous, and  vicious  a  bunch  of  would-be  despots  as  this 
earth  has  ever  seen. 

The  kind  of  arrogance  shown  by  Tojo— who  was  going 

to  dictate  peace  from  the  White  House  .  .  .  remember? 

Well,  it's  high  time  we  finished  this  whole  business. 

High  time  we  got  the  Emperor  off  his  high  horse,  and 

gave  Admiral  Halsey  his  ride. 

The  best  way  for  us  at  home  to  have  a  hand  in  this 
clean-up  is  to  support  the  7th  War  Loan. 

It's  the  biggest  loan  yet.  It's  two  loans  in  one.  Last 
year,  by  this  time,  you  had  been  asked  twice  to  buy 
extra  bonds. 


Your  personal  quota  is  big— bigger  than  ever  before. 
So  big  you  may  feel  you  can't  afford  it. 

But  we  can  afford  it-if  American  sons,  brothers,  hus- 
bands can  cheerfully  afford  to  die. 


FIND   YOU*   QUOTA  .  .  .  AND  MAKf  ITI 

IF  YOUR  AVERAGE 
WAGE 
PER  MONTH  IS: 

YOUR  PERSONAL 
WAR   BONO 
QUOTA  IS: 
(CASH  VALUE) 

MATURITY 
VALUE   OF 
7TH  WAR   LOAN 

BONDS   BOUGHT 

$250 

$187  JO 

$250 

225-250 

150.00 

200 

210-225 

131.25 

175 

200-210 

112.50 

150 

180-200 

93.75 

125 

140-180 

75.00 

100 

100-140 

37  JO 

50 

Under  $100 

18.75 

25 

ALL  OUT  FOR.  7H£  MIGHT/  7*  WAR  LOAN 


ZIFF-DAVIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 


TVu'i  i*  an  official  U.S.  Trramry  advriiafmenl-prf  pared  under  tht  autolcft  of  Trraniry  Drpartmrnt  and  War  Adrfrtlont  Council 

JUNE  194.->  PLASTICS  97 


pgDDUCT  IS 


0#£  PLASTIC 


EVERY  square  jft  in  this  modern  2J^-acre  plant 
is  devoted  lofe  purpose  .  .  .  producing  our  cus- 
tomers' plastic  p. 

We  make  no  products  of  our  own,  nor  do  we  con- 
template, making  any.  We  have  nothing  to  sell  to 
jobbers  or  retailers;  so  we  never  compete  with  the 
manufacturers  we  serve.  Custom  molding  is  not  a 
sideline  with  us  ...  it  is  our  only  business. 

Every  machine  in  our  spacious  tool  room  .  .  .  every 
one  of  our  scores  of  presses  .  .  .  every  man  in  our  organ- 
ization . . .  has  but  one  job — to  produce  molded  plastic 


parts  that  will  meet  our  customers'  most  exacting  re- 
quirements. And  our  success,  for  more  than  a  quarter 
century,  has  been  built  on  doing  that  job  well. 

That,  perhaps,  is  one  of  the  most  important 
reasons  why  CM  PC's  list  of  customers  reads  like  a 
bluebook  of  American  industry  .  .  .  and  why  you, 
too,  will  find  this  a  good  place  to  come  for  your  plas- 
tics parts. 

May  we  discuss  your  next  plastics  job  with  you, 
without  obligation  on  your  part?  Just  ask  for  a 
CMPC  Development  Engineer. 


CHICAGO 
MOLDED 

PRODUCTS 

CORPORATION 


1031    N.  Kolmar  Ave. 


Chicago  51,  Illinois 


COMPRESSION         AND         INJECTION         MOLDING         OF 


MATER 


98 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


what 


new 


Plastics? 


gives  you 


No  manu  ;n  afford 

keep  up  ••  ew  develop 

To  present  the  exe  "i  a  cone 

Held,  PLASTICS  will  compile  each  monti  >  reports 

companies  initiating  important  devclopr  -neth- 

ods.  equipment  and  literature.  This  section  will  be  both  a  source 
of  vital  information  and  a  stimulus  to  research.  It  will  p 
fully  investigate  each  item  of  interest. 


each  item  on  the  following  pages  is  keyed  with  a  number.  To 

request  additional  information,  you  have  merely  to  list  the  key 

numbers  on  the  postpaid  card  below.  We  will  then  endeavor  to 

furnish  you  with  as  complete  data  as  possible  concerning  the 

product  or  publication. 

Be  sure  to  specify  in  the  proper  place  (\)  The  issue  in  whi< 

item  appeared;  (2)  The  key  number  at  the  end  of  each 

(3)  Your  name,  company,  address,  including  postal  zone  and 

state,  and  your  title. 

The  card  below,  you  will  note,  may  also  be  used  to  obtain  more 

information    about    the    products    advertised    in    this    issue    of 

PLASTICS. 


tear  out  and  mail  this  postcard  todaj 


'IW  by  Key  No*,  from  "Wnaf'i  New 
in  P/osfics"  or  "L/ferafi/re  Review": 


/•'/ease  send  me  additional  informatit 
and  literature  on  items  listed  below  whi 
appeared  in  the  , 

/»„.  of  plastic, 


Name 


ADVERTISED  PRODUCTS  (name  and  page) 


Address 


City 


Zone          State 


Company 


Title 


TO    TELL   WHAT   YOU    ARE 
DOING. 


rly  the  plastics 

aur  war  effort 
her  and  the  sharing  of  progressive 


-ar  production  by  watching  and  contributing 
ethods,  new  equipment  and  new  information  ex- 
on  of  PLASTICS.  This  pooling  of  information 
an  work  only  to  the  mutual  advantage  of  all  who  participate. 
Therefore,  please  send  us  complete  descriptions  of  your  new 
methods  and  equipment,  and  include  glossy  prints  for  illus- 
tration, if  possible. 


REACH    THE    LEADERS    OF    INDUSTRY 
ANNOUNCING 


YOUR  NEW  PRODUCTS 
YOUR  NEW  METHODS 
YOUR  NEW  CATALOGS 


plash 


1CS 


185  NORTH  WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO  1,  ILLINOIS 


ep 


pr 

industry 


breast 


of  your 


ompany 


progress 


FIRST  CLASS 
PERMIT  NO.  3465 
SEC.  S10,  P.  L.  *  ft. 
CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


BUSINESS     REPLY     CARD 

NO   POSTAGE  NECESSARY  IF  MAILED  IN  THE  U.S.A. 


2c  Postage  will  be  Paid  by 

plastics 


1  8  sMu  O  R  T  H 


WABASH      AVENUE 


CHICAGO     1.    ILLINOIS 


What  the  other  fellow  is  doing 
is  reported  in  the  following 
pages.  To  get  further  details 
on  any  of  these  items  you  have 
only  to  fill  out  the  reverse  side 
of  the  attached  card. 


WHAT'S 


I 


PLASTICS 


L/*  fi 


Laboratory-Type  Extruding  Machine 

Midwest  Production  Machine  Co. 
Columbus.  O. 

Designed  "to  meet  a 
growing  demand  for  a 
laboratory  type  unit 
offering  quick,  accu- 
rate, low-cost  extru- 
sion of  thermoplastics 
in  any  design,"  this 
Pelco  plastics  extrud- 
ing machine  (Model 
B-103)  is  all  electric 
and  is  completely  self- 
contained,  presenting 
no  installation  prob- 
lems, since  the  unit 
can  be  operated  on  any 
suitable  work  table  or 
bench  and  connects  to 
standard  electrical  cur- 
rent outlets. 

Described  by  its  makers  as  having  an  important  place  in  plas- 
tics research,  design  and  development  of  plastics  parts,  testing 
of  plastics  compounds,  and  other  phases  of  experimental  and 
laboratory-  activity,  and  to  be  useful  for  production  runs  of  ex- 
trusion forms  within  its  limits.  Heat  range  up  to  600°  F  is 
provided  for  by  a  750-w  electrical  heating  element  controlled 
automatically  by  a  thermoswitch  installed  in  the  heating  cham- 
ber, which  maintains  temperature  within  5°  F  after  being  set 
by  inserting  thermometer.  Chrome-plated  and  polished  screw 
operating  in  a  hardened  steel  liner,  has  compression  ratio  of 
12:1;  machine  is  equipped  with  variable  speed  drive,  has  4}4" 
heating  section  with  cooling  section  around  the  feed  throat  to 
insure  uninterrupted  feed.  Base  size  of  machine  is  21"  by  25", 
total  weight  200  Ibs (276) 


Versatile  Alkyd  Resins  Group 

United  States  Rubber  Co. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

A  family  of  "liquid  plastics"  recently  developed,  for  which  a 
variety  of  uses  are  forecast.  They  are  at  present  being  produced 
for  war  purposes  by  the  company's  Chemical  Division  at  Nauga- 
tuck.  Conn. 

Known  as  Vibron  resins,  these  materials,  when  combined  with 
spun  glass,  or  with  other  fabrics,  are  said  to  have  a  strength 
per  Ib  equivalent  to  that  of  steel.  Stronger  building  materials  for 
prefabricated  housing,  stronger  and  lighter-weight  luggage, 
lighter-weight  furniture  which  will  be  impervious  to  dampness, 
are  among  the  possibilities  foreseen  as  resulting  from  the  use 
of  these  plastics.  It  is  also  said  that  their  use  will  permit  of 
reduced  fabrication  costs  of  a  number  of  products,  due  to  the 
fact  that  their  manufacture  requires  only  simple  equipment. 

According  to  description,  they  may  be  combined  with  fabrics 
to  make  an  improved  type  of  artificial  leather,  with  wood  veener 
to  form  decorative  structural  panels ;  with  paper  for  packaging 
materials,  and  decorative  textiles  may  be  treated  to  make  slip- 
covers or  other  upholstery  fabrics. 

Plastics  engineers  at  the  general  laboratories  of  the  company, 
where  the  materials  were  developed,  emphasized  the  versatility 
of  the  materials ;  characteristic  differences  in  physical  properties, 
such  as  hardness,  flexibility,  and  abrasion  resistance  in  finished 
products,  can  be  obtained  by  using  different  types  of  the  Vibron 
resins,  it  is  said (277) 


Improved  Dust  Collector 

Dust  Filter  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

Portable,  self-contained  unit  designed  to  meet  the  need  for  an 
efficient  and  economical  means  of  clearing  the  air  of  dust  arising 
from  any  type  of  dust-producing  operation.  Said  to  be  particu- 


larly adaptable  to  the  requirements  of  buffing  machines,  this 
Tubular  Dustcx  collector  is  designed  on  the  principle  of  reduc- 
ing the  ratio  of  air  volume  to  filter  surface  area. 

Ni>  collector  bags  are  used  in  the  unit,  the  filter  surfaces 
licing  tubular  in  design,  and  Iwttomless ;  dust  filtered  through 
them  is  collected  in  a  pan  at  the  bottom  of  the  unit.  Filter 
surface  area  has  Ixvn  increased  12-fold  over  that  of  the  com- 
pany's standard  unit,  according  to  description,  the  larger  surface 
area  lessening  the  volume  of  air  drawn  through  any  portion  of 
the  filter  at  one  time,  preventing  minute  particles  from  filtering 
through,  and  diminishing  the  static  pressure  loss  frequently 
caused  by  impingement  of  the  surface  area  by  large  quantities 
of  dust.  Filtered  air  is  discharged  through  a  large  muffler  to 
deaden  air  noise,  but  with  minimum  resistance. 

Maintaining  a  static  air  pressure  of  more  than  4"  at  a  velocity 
of  over  5000  LFM,  the  Duslex  collector  is  described  as  being 
completely  fireproofed,  available  in  3  sizes,  36"  to  48"  high, 
a.c.  motors  f$  and  \1A  hp (278) 


Plastics  Pipe  Joint-Flange 

Commercial  Plastics  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

Strong,  durable  flan 
(Van  Stone  type),  re- 
sistant to  acids  and  al- 
kalies, designed  for  us<- 
in  plastics  pipe-line  in- 
stallations where  chemi- 
cals and  oil  are  con- 
veyed, to  provide  a 
quick  means  of  taking  a 
section  of  pipe  down  for 
replacement  or  repair, 
or  for  cleaning  out  obstructions. 

Consisting  of  a  flanged  end-piece  which  is  heat-welded  on  to 
the  plastics  pipe  line,  and  a  steel  ring  for  bolting  to  similar  joint 
flange  to  complete  connection,  this  product  is  now  available  in 
various  sizes  to  fit  pipe  up  to  4"  diam (279) 


Laminated  Plastics  Sheets 

The  Mica  Insulator  Co. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Recently  announced  is  the  availability  of  the  company's  lami- 
nated plastics,  Lamicoid,  in  sheet  form  for  post-forming. 

Said  to  work  easily  for  deep  drawing  of  intricate  parts  and  to 
lend  itself  to  forming  or  drawing  without  breaking  down  the 
fabric  or  weakening  the  parts,  Lamicoid  post- forming  stock  has 
been  extensively  used  in  the  aviation  industry  and  has  numer- 
ous applications  where  good  electrical  properties,  strength  and 
light  weight  are  desired. 

The  sheets  measure  36"  by  42",  are  made  in  thicknesses  of 
1/32"  and  more,  and  are  available  in  2  types:  E-527  for  deep 


To  simplify  for  our  readers  the  tail  of  obtaining  de- 
tailed information  regarding  the  new  products,  proc- 
esses and  trade  literature  described  herein,  p/osHcs 
offers  the  prepaid  postcard  inserted  here. 

In  rapidly-moving  times  such  »i  these,  keeping  up 
with  every  latest  development  in  one'f  field  it  e  "must. ' 
War's  insatiable  demand  for  swifter  production,  end 
the  competitive  drive  toward  lower  manufacturing 
cottt  require  that  all  avenues  leading  to  a  solution  of 
these  problems  be  eiplored  thoroughly. 

Each  item  in  this  section  li  keyed  with  a  number, 
which  should  be  entered  on  the  postcard  to  facilitate 
identifying  the  eiact  product,  process  or  publication 
about  which  information  is  desired. 


JUNE  194.-) 


PLASTICS 


99 


drawing  and  forming  of  intricate  parts ;  and  E-528  for  ordinary 
forming  and  shallow  drawing (280) 


Heavy  Duty  Screw  Pump 

Sier-Bath  Gear  Co. 
North  Bergen,  N.  I. 

Recently-introduced  displacement  pump,  screw  type,  suitable 
to  most  heavy  duty  pumping,  for  handling  thick  liquids,  includ- 
ing certain  acetates,  etc. 

Said  to  operate  without  pulsation  or  vibration  in  the  flow, 
preventing  frequent  loosening  of  piping  occurring  from  impact 
of  a  pulsating  flow,  this  pump  requires  extremely  low  main- 
tenance, the  internal  gear  types  requiring  only  an  occasional 
packing  ring  renewal  which  may  be  made  while  pump  is  in 
service.  Self-centering  "Herringbone"  timing  gears  prevent  side- 
wear  of  screws  resulting  from  contact  while  pumping,  and  the 
end-to-center  flow  of  fluid  in  the  horizontally  mounted  units 
eliminates  thrust  bearings (281 ) 


Printed  Cellophane  Tape 

International  Plastic  Corp. 
Morristown,  N.  J. 

A  new  line  of  Filmonise  printed,  transparent,  cellophane  tape, 
recently  announced,  is  available  to  users  engaged  directly  or  in- 
directly in  a  war  industry. 

Described  as  highly  transparent  with  a  high  tensile  strength, 
is  made  in  Yi" ,  Yi,"  and  1"  widths,  by  2592"  to  be  imprinted  with 
1  line,  2  lines,  or  3  lines,  respectively,  in  rolls  which  fit  standard 
dispensers (282) 

Cable  &  Wire  Stripper 

Ideal  Commutator  Dresser  Co. 
Sycamore,  111. 

For  stripping  plastics,  asbestos,  rubber,  glass,  cambric  and 
other  insulations,  this  lever-type  Ideal  wire  and  cable  stripper 
is  described  as  extremely  easy  to  operate,  employing  a  straight 


line  pull,  to  eliminate  scraping  or  nicking  of  wire;  and  as 
being  well  suited  for  large  volume  stripping  of  all  kinds  of 
single,  parallel  and  other  conductors,  up  to  ^"  diam  in  any 
length.  Equipped  with  set  of  plain  blades,  grooved  blades  are 
also  available,  in  IS  standard  sizes,  for  stripping  rubber-covered 
and  weatherproof  cable. 

Other  important  features  listed  for  this  product  include  au- 
tomatic centering  and  gripping  of  any  diameter  wire,  eliminating 
manual  adjustment;  jaws  instantly  release  wire  at  end  of  strip- 
ping stroke;  automatic  opening  of  blades  to  receive  wire  when 
lever  is  pushed  forward;  adjustable  stop  for  length  of  stripping. 
(283) 


High-Frequency  Converters 

American  Type  Founders,  Inc. 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

Induction  heating  equipment  now  being  manufactured  and  sold 
by  this  company  is  known  as  the  A.T.F.  Hi-Frequency  Com-crtcr 
and  is  available  in  15  kw  and  30  kw  sizes. 

Precision-built,  these  high  frequency  converters  are  designed 
and  constructed  for  quality  performance,  using  sturdy,  power- 
ful, overcapacity  equipment,  operating  on  a  frequency  of  from 
100,000  to  200,000  cycles  per  sec,  and  their  capacity  is  described 
as  being  capable  of  accommodating  most  requirements  for  hard- 
ening, annealing,  melting,  soldering,  brazing,  and  normalizing, 
and  to  effect  saving  of  production  time (284) 


Plastics  Molding  Press 

French  Oil  Mill  Machinery  Co. 
Piqua,  O. 

Combination  compression  and  transfer  molding  press,  newly 
designed,  described  as  a  self-contained  unit  with  hydraulic 
pumping  equipment  built  into  the  bed  of  the  machine,  incorpo- 
rating many  improvements  developed  by  the  company  over  a  pe- 
riod of  years  of  experience  in  building  similar  units. 

Fully  automatic  cycle  controller  covering  various  types  of 


The  Plant  Behind  the  Product 


While  physical  equipment  is  by  no  means  the  only  essential  to  good  mold- 
ing, we  like  to  remind  our  customers  now  and  then  that  our  plant  and  equip- 
ment is  such  that  we  perform  the  most  intricate  plastic  molding  operations  as 
a  matter  of  course.  We  invite  discussion  of  after-the-war  molding  plans. 

KUHH  &  JflCOB  mOLDind  &  TOOL  CO. 


1200    SOUTHARD    STREET.    TRENTON    8,    N.  J.  Ci 

TELEPHONE  TRENTON  5391  Cf 

Soles  Representatives:  NEW  YORK— S.  C.   Ullmann,  56   W.  42nd  St.  PHILADELPHIA— Towle  &  Son  Co.,   18   W.  Chelton  Aye.  Bldg 
NEW  ENGLAND— Wm.  T.  Wyler,  204  lordship  Rood,  Stratford,  Conn. 


cdt*g&™*_7 


( 


100 


FLASTtCS 


JUNE  1945 


molding  is  part  of  each  unit,  and  timing  intervals  and  changes 
from  one  type  of  molding  to  another  can  be  effected  and  ad- 
justed instantly,  according  to  drocription.  Fast-acting,  these 
presses  are  heing  used  in  connection  with  high-frequency  pre- 
heating units  to  obtain  maximum  production  speeds;  idle  closing 
speed  is  listed  as  300"  in/min :  power  requirements  are  kept  to  a 
minimum,  the  100-ton  press  being  |Niwen-d  with  a  S  hp  motor 
and  the  200-ton  press  with  a  "'  .•  lip  motor (285) 


Powerful  Air  Motor 

The  Bellows  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

Compact,  air-driven  reciprocating  power  unit,  to  lie  designated 
BMW,  built  on  the  same  principle  as  the  company's  /M/5  model 
but  said  to  develop  twice  the  piston  thrust  force  of  the  latter  on 
a  given  air  line  pressure  (10.32  against  4.9  times  the  operating 
air  line  pressure). 

Both  models  carry  the  same  basic  principle  in  that  the  valve 


and  operating  controls  are  integral  with  the  cylinder,  to  allow 
full  and  positive  control  over  all  operating  phases  at  all  times. 
Operating  on  any  air  line  pressure  up  to  175  Ib,  the  motors 
require  only  .one  air  connection,  which  may  be  made  either  with 
flexible  air  hose  or  rigid  piping.  Equipped  with  independent 
speed  control  valves  for  piston  rod  advance  and  retraction,  valve 
operating  lever  is  described  as  being  adjustable  to  any  angle  in 
any  plane.  A  number  and  variety  of  uses  are  listed  for  this 
product (286) 


Pressure  Gauge  Tester 

Mansfield  &  Green 
Cleveland.  O. 

Said  to  embody  for  the  first  time  in  a  single  unit  a  pressure 
gauge  tester  which  can  be  used  with  equal  facility  for  bench 
testing  and  for  portable  testing  in  the  field,  this  multi-purpose 
gauge  tester,  recently  developed,  possesses  a  unique,  but  simple, 
doubly  sealed  check  valve  which  completely  eliminates  leakage 
and  loss  of  pressure  even  with  grit  in  the  system,  whether  using 
oil  or  water  and  for  pressures  \\\>  to  10,000  psi,  according  to  its 
makers. 

On  bench  testing,  the  unit  can  be  used  with  test  gauges  or 
with  a  dead-weight  attachment. 

The  principal  uses  of  the  testing  unit  are  listed  as  including 
testing  and  repairing  of  pressure  gauges,  the  setting  of  relief 
or  other  pressure  actuated  valves,  and  general  hydrostatic 
testing  ."...(287) 

Power  Control  Tube 

Lamp  Div..  Weslmqhouse  Elec.  &  Mfg.  Co. 
Bloomlield.  N.  I. 

A  new  15,000-volt  Thyratrnn  power  control  tulie  providing 
split-cycle  control  of  high  power  for  K.F.  heating  unit',  and 
radio  transmitters. 

For  electronic  equipment  designers,  the  Thyralron  WL-678 
is  said  to  make  possible  smooth  ami  instantaneous  power  control 
from  0',  to  100%  load:  simplified  automatic  load  control;  high 


MOLDED 

+  You  can  say  that  again 
about  plastic  products  designed 
or  molded  by  Continental 
Plastics  Corporation. 

We  have  the  experience,  the 
craftsmen,  the  engineering  skill 
and  the  facilities  to  give  you 
the  best  for  competing 
in  postwar  markets. 

NOW  is  the  time  to  bring  or 
send  in  your  blueprints  or  a 
sample  product  for  all  postwar 
plastic  plans.  Or  ask  for 
a  Continental  representative 
to  call. 


CONTINENTAL 

PLASTICS  CORPORATION 

308    WEST    ERIE    STREET 
CHICAGO    10.  III. 


JUNE  1945 


101 


speed  automatic  overload  protection;  low  space  and  weight  re- 
quirements and  low  control  power  requirements.  The  new  grid- 
controlled  mercury-vapor  tube  is  designed  to  combine  the  quali- 
ties of  high  voltage,  power  control,  and  efficiency (288) 


One-Kilowatt  Megatherm 

Federal  Telephone  &  Radio  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

An  easily  portable,  com- 
pactly-designed megatherm, 
designated  as  MD-1A,  with 
nominal  output  of  1  kw,  for 
high-frequency  heating  of  a 
wide  range  of  dielectric  mate- 
rials, recently  developed  by  In- 
dustrial Electronics  Division 
of  Federal  Telephone  &  Radio 
Corp.,  manufacturing  associate 
of  International  Telephone  & 
Telegraph  Corp. 

Contained  in  a  modern, 
streamlined,  reinforced  steel 
cabinet,  the  new  model  stands 
42"  high,  occupies  floor  space 
of  20"  by  24",  and  is  mounted 
on  smooth-running  casters 
furnished  with  a  special  look- 
down  feature  which  secures 
the  unit  at  any  selected  loca- 
tion. Has  detachable  work 

oven  at  top  of  cabinet,  equipped  with  inside  light  and  window 
to  permit  operator  to  view  work  during  entire  heating  cycle. 
Other  features  listed  are  foot-pedal  switch  for  oven  door ;  push- 
button system  controls  application  of  power  to  work ;  automatic 
timer  control  of  duration  of  heating  cycle,  permitting  operation 
by  unskilled  and  non-technical  personnel. 
Described  as  being  ideally  suited  for  preheating  of  plastics 


preforms,  as  a  basic  unit  for  incorporation  into  molding  presses 
or  into  special  production  set-ups,  the  flexible  output  circuit  per- 
mitting processing  of  a  variety  of  load  weights,  heights,  and 
materials.  Uniform  through-heating  of  preforms  is  said  to  be 
accomplished  with  great  saving  of  time,  and  production  of 
molded  parts  considerably  increased  by  use  of  this  unit. 

Equipped  with  cord  and  plug  for  installation  at  any  con- 
venient 220-v,  single-phase  60-cycle  outlet,  the  megatherm  sup- 
plies 3500  BTU  ph  at  its  operating  frequency  of  27  megacycles. 
Other  frequency  ranges  are  available  for  special  purposes.  Total 
power  taken  from  the  line  is  2  KVA,  with  an  overall  efficiency 
of  55%  and  a  power  factor  in  excess  of  90% (289) 


For  Machining  Plastics 

New-Field  Machined  Parts  Co. 
Chicago.  111. 

Versatile  tool,  known  as  the  New-Field  Universal  Fly  Cutter, 
which  is  finding  new  application  in  the  machining  of  plastics. 
Used  for  slotting,  straddle  and  form  milling,  boring  and  flat 
surface  milling,  on  horizontal  and  vertical  mills  and  drill  presses, 
and  is  said  to  be  important  to  plastics  molders,  also,  for  perform- 
ing these  jobs  on  "tough"  steel  in  the  manufacture  of  tools  and 
dies. 

Standard  bits  are  of  cither  tungsten  or  high-speed  steel,  and 
are  inserted  in  holders  which  may  be  rotated  270°  at  right 
angles  to  the  shaft,  permitting  individual  adjustment  for  width 
and  depth  of  cuts,  each  bit  and  holder  being  held  in  position 
by  a  single  Allen  screw.  Complicated  cuts  are  broken  down 
into  simple  units  by  grinding  each  bit  for  a  portion  of  the  job, 
making  each  tool  quickly  adjustable  to  the  performance  of 
multiple  duties.  Bits  can  be  readily  sharpened  or  replaced. 

The  body  of  this  item  is  of  a  special  cast  alloy  containing 
nickel,  -molybdenum,  steel  and  iron,  and  tool-holders  are  of 
case-hardened  steel.  Carefully  balanced,  the  tool  turns  to  any 
desired  speed,  according  to  description,  and  is  available  in  4 
sizes,  providing  a  range  of  bore  from  1"  to  ]'•>".  \\ith  bit  ca- 
pacities from  5/16"  to  Vi" ,  cut  widths  of  H"  to  1^".. 


102 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Locating  &  Centering  Microscope 

Center  Scope  Product! 
Glendaie.  Calif. 

A  plastics  material  replaces 
much  of  the  metal  formerly  used 
to  make  this  item. 

Molded  of  a  special  formula 
of  Tfnile  which  is  said  to  re- 
spond very  little  to  temperature 
changes  which  might  be  encoun- 
tered by  the  instrument,  this 
optical  locating  and  centering 
microscope  is  designed  to  locate 
or  to  center  edges,  lines,  or 
punch  marks  on  a  \vorkpiece  to 
the  spindle  axis  of  any  machine 
tool.  It  is  also  used  for  measur- 
ing dimensions  which  are  inac- 
cessible to  mechanical  devices 
and  for  checking  and  inspection 
work. 

The  walls  of  this  Center  Scope 
are  described  as  being  so  formed  as  to  provide  the  holding  of 
very  close  tolerances  throughout,  and  care  is  taken  to  prevent 
shrinkages  which  might  interfere  with  the  precision  of  the  in- 
strument   (291 ) 


Improvements  in  Molding  Machine 

F.  J.  Stokes  Machine  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Important  improvements,  based  on  more  than  7  years'  ex- 
perience, are  reported  by  the  Stokes  Co.  as  being  incorporated 
in  its  latest  A'o.  200  D  completely  automatic  molding  machine. 

Among  these  improvements  is  listed  a  new  type  trap  or  check- 
ing device,  sensitive  to  the  fraction  of  a  gram,  which  weighs 
the  finished  moldings  and  operates  a  safety  cut-off  to  stop  the 
machine  in  the  event  that  all  molded  pieces  do  not  eject  into  and 
pass  through  the  trap.  Should  a  piece  stick  irf  the  mold  or  a  mold- 
ing be  of  insufficient  weight,  it  is  explained,  the  machine  will 
stop  and  signal  for  attention,  thus  practically  eliminating  possi- 
ble damage  to  the  mold  or  to  the  machine  from  double  filling  or 
other  failure  in  operation  and  helping  to  assure  high  quality 
moldings. 

Other  features  listed  include  an  improved  combination  push- 
off  which  ejects  mechanically  in  case  the  multiple  air-jets  do  not 
blow  the  molding  into  the  trap;  and  an  improved  triple-feed 
device  which  is  readily  adjusted  to  distribute  exact  quantities 
of  molding  powder  where  desired  in  the  mold (292) 

Liquid  Plastics  Dye 

Krieger  Color  &  Chemical  Co. 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Kriegr-O-Dip  W,  formerly  available  in  powder  form,  is  now 
manufactured  in  a  highly  concentrated  liquid  form  which  is  said 
to  speed  up  the  dyeing  rate  and  further  reduce  the  cost  of  pro- 
ducing desired  shades  in  finished  plastics  products,  and  to  pro- 
vide extremely  uniform  results. 

It  U  available  in  a  c«mprehensive  range  of  colors,  all  of  which 
are  intermixable.  and  all  can  be  rebottled  for  later  re-use. .  (293) 


Transparent  Thermoplastic  Tape 

Irvinqton  Varnish  &  Insulator  Co. 
Irvington   N.  J. 

Flexible,  transparent,  thermoplastic  tape,  said  to  facilitate  to 
a  great  extent  inspection  and  servicing  of  equipment  on  which 
it  is  used ;  known  as  Fibron  Afo.  3,  it  is  described  as  resistant  to 
acids,  alkalies,  moisture,  oil,  grease,  and  corrosive  fumes,  and 
possessing  the  qualities  of  flame  resistance,  flexibility  at  low 
temperatures,  and  being  heat-sealing.  With  the  correct  adhe- 
sives,  it  may  be  bonded  to  fabrics,  metal,  ceramics,  wood,  etc. 

Listed  among  applications  of  Fibron  tapes  are  those  of  splic- 
ing pla-tie^  insulated  wire  and  cable,  in  construction  of  auto- 
motive and  nin-raft  lighting  and  ignition  harnesses,  etc.. .  (294) 


Rectifier  Tube 

Taylor  Tubes,  Inc. 
Chicago.  111. 

High-vacuum,  half-wave  rectifier  tube  which  is  said  to  pro- 
vide complete  safety  against  voltage  breakdowns. 


H 


WE  DON'T  MOLD 

Castles  in  the 


Your  post-war  dream  product  can  turn  in  In 
a  nightmare  through  mis-application  of  plas- 
tics. That's  why  Auburn  engineers  study  tin- 
product  from  design  stage  to  end  use  ...  to 
determine  whether  it's  a  job  for  plastics  .  .  . 
to  suggest  the  right  plastics  material  and  tin- 
best  molding  method. 

You  can  depend  on  our  recommendations 
because  we  mold  all  types  of  materials  and 
use  all  standard  molding  methods.  Our  69 
years  of  experience  in  building  molds  and 
making  parts  is  your  guarantee  of  uninter- 
rupted, economical  production. 
• 

For  small  parts  molded  automatically  at  low 
cost,  write:  Woodruff  Company  Division, 
Auburn  Button  Works,  Auburn,  New  York. 


ENGIN 


I  Type*  of  Molding        Compietf  Meld  Shop 
dcd  Tub**  and 


AUBURN    BUTTON   WORKS 


INCOHPOHA t 

RS  SINCE      1(76      A: 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTICS 


ioa 


Designed  for  prolonged  and  trouble-free  service,  the  filament 
is  of  thoriated  tungsten;  electrical  characteristics  listed  are  fila- 
ment power  of  5.0  v  at  10.5  amp;  25,000  peak  forward  v;  60,000 
peak  inverse  v;  average  plate  current  of  .25  amp (295) 

Quick-action  Vise 

Grand  Specialties  Co. 
Chicago,  111. 

Machinist's  vise,  designated  as  Grand  Quickcct  3-Inch  Vise, 
which  can  be  set  and  closed,  or  opened,  "in  a  jiffy,"  according 
to  its  description,  by  pushing  on  body  of  free  jaw  which  slides 
swiftly  on  ratchet  screw  and  precision  guide  rods  and  tightens 
with  turn  of  handle. 

Vise  is  equipped  with  a  trigger  release  pawl  with  J4"  of 
thread  which  holds  the  hardened  screw  under  spring  tension. 

It  is  made  to  open  instantly  to  full  3"  by  pressure  of  thumb 
or  finger  on  trigger  release  after  tension  has  been  eased  by  turn 
of  loose-proof  handle,  and  to  be  then  ready,  without  further 
adjustment,  for  instant  closing  on  other  work (296) 

High  Frequency  Heater 

Climax  Engineering  Co. 
Clinton,  la. 

Recently-announced  electronic  heater  which,  it  is  expected, 
will  be  introduced  in  the  near  future,  this  product  is  to  be 
known  as  Climax  High  Frequency  Heater. 

Described  as  providing  quick,  efficient,  localized  heat  for  sur- 
face hardening,  annealing  and  brazing  of  all  non-metallic  ma- 
terials, and  to  be  especially  adaptable  for  applications  in  the 
food  industry,  in  packaging  and  sealing,  etc (297) 


against  the  saw  blade  teeth  while  the  saw  is  in  motion.  As  it  is 
instrumental  in  preventing  chips  from  clogging,  the  lubricant 
assists  to  guard  against  breakage  of  saw  teeth (298) 


Lubricating  Stick 

Kindt-Collins  Co. 
Cleveland,  O. 

Band  saw  lubricating  stick  designed  to  facilitate  faster  and 
easier  cutting  due  to  an  oily  film  created  between  cutting  edge 
and  material,  provided  by  the  combination  of  mineral  waxes  of 
which  the  stick  is  formed. 

Application   of  the   lubricant   is   made  by   pushing   the   stick 


"Surf-Chek"  Roughness  Standards 

Surface  Checking  Gage  Co. 
Hollywood,  Calif. 

Method  of  finish  designation  said  to  eliminate  guess  inter- 
pretation and  convey  the  engineer's  specific  instructions  to  the 
machinist,  enabling  anyone  to  make  rapid  and  efficient  rough- 
ness comparisons  without  need  of  other  special  instruments. 

Information  is  set  forth  in  a  65-page  educational  text  bound 
to  a  gauge  consisting  of  20  replicas  of  machined  surfaces  pre- 
pared by  turning,  grinding,  milling,  honing,  lapping  and  polish- 
ing, and  varying  in  roughness  from  500  to  5  micro-in. 

The  new  system  is  said  to  have  resulted  in  stepped-up  pro- 
duction, increased  efficiency  and  reduction  of  rejections,  as  being 
reported  by  many  industrialists  who  have  adopted  it (299) 


Toggle-Action  Clamp 

Knu-Vise.  Inc. 
Detroit.  Mich. 

To  meet  situations  where  extraordinary  pressure  is  required 
for  clamping  at  an  angle  to  the  base  mounting,  a  new  toggle- 
action  clamp  has  been  designed  and  recently  placed  on  the  mar- 
ket. Known  as  Model  KV-221,  it  is  somewhat  larger  and 
sturdier  than  the  company's  Model  KV-220. 

Used  to  advantage  inside  of  jigs  where  operating  space  may- 
be limited,  this  clamp  can  also  be  used  as  a  locating  device  in 
progressive  drilling  fixtures. 

The  clamp  weighs  23  oz  and  measures  7%"  in  height  by  6ji" 
in  length.  Its  recommended  load  at  the  end  of  the  standard 
toggle  bar  is  240  Ib (300) 


Kingsbacher-Murphy  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  is  the  distributor  of 
Preco  Press,  which  was  given  mention  in  the  "What's  New  in 
Plastics"  columns  in  the  March  issue  of  p/a$f/c$.  The  fore- 
going information  was  inadvertently  omitted  from  the  item. 


i 


Kux  Preform  Presses 

THE  NEW  MASSIVE  MODEL  65  PRODUCES 
PREFORMS  3"  DIAMETER,  HAS  A  3"  DIE 
FILL  AND  APPLIES  75  TONS  PRESSURE 

This  rugged  preform  press  with  its  heavy  duty,  one-piece  cast 
steel  main  frame  will  produce  odd  shapes  as  well  as  round 
preforms.  The  pressure  applied  by  both  top  and  bottom  punches 
results  in  more  solid,  dense  preforms,  which  have  less  tendency 
to  crumble  or  break  during  handling.  This  new  Model  65  press 
is  built  to  safely  withstand  high  pressures  of  up  to  75  tons  at 
top  production  efficiency. 

Choice  of  a  complete  size  range  of  machines  in  both  single  punch 
models  and  multiple  punch  rotaries  is  also  available. 

Writ*  Depf .  PL  tor  catalog  or  demonstration 


Kux  MACHINE  COMPANY 

1924-44     W.    HARRISON    ST.     •     CHICAGO     34,    ILLINOIS 


MODEL  69 


104 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Details  on  Plastics  Molding 

Depl.  7B.  Kun-Kosch.  Inc. 
Dayton.  O. 

A  timely  and  up-to-the-minute  booklet  entitled  "A  Business- 
man's Guide  to  the  Molding  of  Plastics,"  and  prepared  on  a 
question-and-answer  principle  presenting  replies  to  typical  ques- 
tions asked  by  the  manufacturer. 

Setting  forth  data  on  the  company's  facilities,  equipment  and 
production  capacity,  the  booklet  explains,  under  the  general 
heading  "Functions  of  a  Custom  Molder,"  phases  of  material 
selection,  design,  mold-making,  production,  etc. 

A  page  of  tables  presenting  essential  technical  data  on  various 
plastics,  fillers,  plasticizers,  is  incorporated  in  the  booklet,  and 
photographs  illustrate  steps  in  compression  and  transfer  mold- 
ing, as  well  as  showing  several  of  the  completed  items  produced 
at  this  company's  plant (301) 


Data  on  Liquid  Polystyrene 

American  Phenolic  Corp. 
Chicago.  111. 

Technical  bulletin,  just  released,  giving  detailed  information 
on  Polyiveld  912,  a  pure  polystyrene  in  solution. 
•  The  bulletin  explains  the  uses  and  electronic  characteristics 
of  Polyiveld  together  with  information  on  its  dielectric  constant, 
power  and  loss  factor,  as  well  as  listing  uses  and  electronic 
characteristics  of  the  company's  Acryweld  901,  a  similar  prod- 
uct, but  which  is  used  for  different  applications. 

The  qualities  of  Polyweld,  which  is  recommended  by  its 
makers  for  "doping,"  coating,  impregnating  or  sealing  for 
radio- frequency,  ultra-high-frequency,  very-high-frequency  or 
general  electronic  applications,  are  outlined  in  the  bulletin,  with 
the  statement  that  the  product  will  not  disturb  circuit  constants 
when  used  on  coils,  ceramics,  wire  or  insulation. 

Described  as  non-hygroscopic  and  moisture-repellent,  the  use 
of  Polyweld  in  the  electronic  field;  as  an  adherent  to  join  poly- 
styrene units  together  in  a  "welding"  process;  its  economy  and 
ease  of  application,  and  other  factors  are  listed  in  the  new  bul- 
letin  (302) 


Induction  Heating  Bulletins 

Allis-Chalmers  Mfg.  Co. 
Milwaukee.  Wis. 

Two  very  recently-issued  bulletins,  both  concerned  with  phases 
of  induction  heating. 

Bulletin  B6372  deals  with  application  of  Allis-Chalmers 
vacuum  tube  electronic  heaters  for  both  induction  heating  of 
metals  and  dielectric  heating  of  non-metallic  materials ;  the  4- 
page  bulletin  is  well-illustrated,  and  explains  how  the  two  types 
of  heating  work,  pointing  out  the  advantages  of  each  for  specific 
applications.  Illustrations  of  typical  production  set-ups  of  the 
standard  20  kw  heater  are  included.  Features  of  the  electronic 
heaters  are  listed  and  descril>ed. 

Hulk-tin  B6373  provides  detailed  information  on  the  company's 
l:.xfiiron  arc  converters  which  are  described  as  the  first  stand- 
ard mercury  arc  converters  designed  for  induction  heating 
operations  in  the  500-2000-cycle  frequency  range.  Diagrams, 
graphs,  and  photographs  supplement  the  comprehensive  data  and 
description  contained  in  this  8-pagc  bulletin (303) 


Suspended  Level  Principle  Viscosimeter 

Fish-Schurman  Corp. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

Bulletin  UV297  providing  data  on  the  Ubbelohde  Viscosimeter 
for  determining  the  kinematic  viscosity  of  any  true  viscous 
liquid. 

Details  arc  supplied  on  the  functions  of  this  capillary  type 
viscosimeter  which  is  said  to  measure  viscosity,  under  proper 


OUR  MOLDS  WITH 


HOBALITE  offers  the  greatest 
assurance  of  a  perfect  plastics 
mold. 


Actual  use  has  proven  this 
special  metal  unequalled  for 
withstanding  the  crucial  strain 
of  intricate  hobbing.  When  prop- 
erly case  hardened  and  treated 
it  withstands  the  extreme  pres- 
sure of  82  tons  per  square  inch. 


HOBALITE  is  your  safeguard 
for  producing  finer  molded  plas- 
tics with  hobbed  cavity  molds. 
You  can  be  sure  your  product  is 
right  .  .  .  when  you  mold  with 
HOBALITE. 


Complete  ttock  of  standard  sizes  available  for 
immediate  delivery  from  our  Chicago  warehouse 


JUNE  1945 


ri.ASTtCS 


105 


P 


For  holding  work  in  precise  position  during  var- 
ious operations  of  assembly  and  production. 

Clamping  pressure  is  quick,  positive,  uniform. 
No  chance  for  shift  or  slip.  Released  instantly. 
Help  to  do  better  work  —  faster.  Simplify  the 
building  of  jigs  and  fixtures. 

Catalog  No.  45  details  complete  line  of  clamps 
and  illustrates  many  practical  uses.  Send  for  it. 


Mieh. 


manipulation,  with  an  error  not  greater  than  ±  0.1%,  when  used 
at  efflux  times  of  80-1000  sec,  or  preferably  100-700  sec.  The 
bulletin  also  supplies  details  on  FitzSimons'  Modification  of  the 
Ubbelohde  Viscosimeter,  incorporating  its  suspended  level  prin- 
ciple in  a  vapor  bath. 

Tables  of  capillaries  of  both  models  are  incorporated  in  the 
bulletin (304) 


Considering  Future  Plastics  Developments 

Teckna  Co. 
Bayside,  N.  Y. 

"Looking  Ahead  With  Teckna  Co."  is  the  title  of  an  attrac- 
tive and  timely  booklet  recently  published  by  that  company. 

Specializing  in  the  fabrication  of  parts  machined  from  plastics 
sheets,  rods  or  tubes,  the  company  has  incorporated  in  this 
handy-size  booklet  a  condensed  story  of  its  accomplishments 
and  outline  of  its  postwar  aims,  a  description  of  its  plant  and 
production  facilities,  and  a  brief  classification  of  products,  with 
photographic  illustrations  throughout (305) 


Corrosion  Resistant  Equipment 

Haveg  Corp. 
Newark,  Del. 

Comprehensively  detailed  and  illustrated,  this  bulletin,  desig- 
nated as  Bulletin  F-4,  consists  of  36  pages  and  cover,  with  an 
entire  page  devoted  to  indexing  of  the  contents.  A  brief  general 
description  of  Haveg  corrosion  resistant  equipment,  its  prop- 
erties, characteristics,  etc.,  and  the  several  grades  in  which  it  is 
available,  is  included  in  this  booklet  which  covers  thoroughly 
and  concisely  the  essential  phases  of  the  company's  equipment 
and  installations.  A  considerable  amount  of  information  on 
Haveg  piping  is  provided,  with  details  of  special  value  to  the 
designing  engineer. 

A  wide  range  of  applications  made  of  Haveg  for  industrial 
corrosion  resistant  equipment  is  shown  in  this  bulletin ;  standard 
specifications,  based  on  "10  yrs  of  actual  installation  and  per- 
formance records"  are  also  shown,  and  graphs,  diagrams,  pho- 
tographs and  tables  appear  throughout.  There  is  also  a  section 
devoted  to  Hai>eg-Saran  plastics  pipe,  tubing,  fittings  and  sheets 
and  a  section  dealing  with  Haveg  cold-setting,  acid-resisting 
cements (306) 


felt 


Felt  Wheels  &  Bobs 

Divine  Bros.  Co. 
Utica.  N.  Y. 

Recently-issued    leaflet   describing   the   company's   Dico 
wheels  and  bobs. 

Briefly  and  compactly  outlining  the  uses  and  advantages  of 
each  product,  the  leaflet  provides  information  on  the  qualities  of 
these  felt  wheels  and  bobs,  and  depicts  them  in  photographic 
illustration (307) 


Booklet  on  Cementing 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Akron,  O. 

The  various  kinds  of  rubber  cement  produced  by  this  com- 
pany are  listed  and  described  in  a  recently-published,  12-page 
booklet 

There  is  an  alphabetical  table  providing  a  substantial  number 
of  suggested  cement  applications,  such  as  those  for  cementing 
glass  to  plastics  and  other  materials ;  plastics  to  paper  products ; 
wood  to  plastics ;  and  many  other  applications.  How  to  choose 
the  right  kind  of  cement  for  specific  uses  is  a  feature  of  the  book- 
let, which  embodies  considerable  data  of  interest  to  users. .  (308) 

Permanent  Magnetic  Separators 

Eriez  Mfg.  Co. 
Erie,  Pa. 

Four-page  folder  describing  Eries  non-electric  permanent  mag- 
netic separators  for  removing  "tramp  iron"  from  any  non-me- 
tallic material. 

Details  of  the  product's  operation  and  listing  of  its  special 
features,  with  information  on  installation,  are  included,  together 
with  instructions  on  ordering.  Special  sizes  for  various  require- 
ments can  be  provided.  The  folder  is  illustrated  with  photo- 
graphs, and  typical  installations  are  sketched.  The  Eriez  mag- 


106 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


netic  reclaimer  for  oils  and  other  liquids  is  also  pictured  and 
briefly  described  in  the  folder (309) 

News  of  High-Solids  Lacquers 

Cellulose  Products  Dept.,  Hercules  Powder  Co. 
Wilmington,  Del. 

An  8-page  non-technical  leaflet  listing  the  important  factors 
responsible  for  the  development  of  the  new  high-solids  nitro- 
cellulose lacquers,  the  advantages  of  using  them,  and  providing 
a  short  history  of  the  development  of  lacquer  as  a  protective 
coating (310) 


"Rivnut"  Data  Book 

The  B.  F.  Goodrich  Co. 
Akron.  O. 

10  pages  devoted  to  detailed  information  on  tests  form  part  of 
this  new  40-page  book  of  data  on  Rivnut s,  the  1 -piece,  internally 
threaded  and  counterbored  tubular  rivet  which  can  be  headed 
or  upset  from  one  side  with  a  simple  tool. 

Data  on  typical  Riviiut  thread  strength,  eccentric  loads,  single 
and  double  shear  loads,  tension  loads  and  torque  resistance,  are 
included  in  the  information,  all  of  the  tests  listed  having  been 
conducted  with  standard  test  equipment.  Brass  Rivnuts,  re- 
cently introduced  by  the  company,  are  specially  mentioned  in 
this  booklet  as  having  unusual  strength;  the  new  splined  type 
Rivnut  is  described  and  pictured. 

Sizes,  head  styles,  grip  ranges  of  these  products  are  de- 
scribed; features  for  various  fastening  jobs,  drilling,  installing, 
etc.,  as  well  as  information  on  tools,  adjustments,  ordering,  are 
included. 

The  booklet  is  printed  in  color  and  is  carefully  and  completely 
illustrated  throughout (311) 

Toggle  Clamp  Catalog 

Detroit  Stamping  Co. 
Detroit.  Mich. 

Well-detailed  and  complete  catalog  (No.  45)  presenting  the 
story'  of  the  company's  De-Sta-Co  toggle  clamps.  Utilizing  31 
pages  and  cover,  this  catalog  describes,  and  depicts  by  means  of 
photographs  and  sketches,  the  considerable  variety  of  uses  to 
which  these  items  can  be  applied. 

Diagrams  of  models,  with  dimensions,  description  and  holding 
pressures  of  each,  are  an  important  part  of  the  catalog,  and  there 
is  a  section  devoted  to  the  company's  toggle  clamp  accessories. 
The  clamps  are  available  in  a  wide  variety  of  types  and  sizes, 
and  their  special  features  and  details  of  performance  are  listed 
concisely  and  clearly.  The  catalog  is  attractively  printed  in 
color,  and  durably  bound (312) 


Folder  on  All-Purpose  Sander 

Exactone  Tool  &  Die  Co. 
Hollywood.  Calii. 

Informative  4-page  folder,  just  released,  explaining  operation 
of  the  company's  recently-introduced  Sand-O-Flex  all-purpose 
sander  for  sanding,  deburring,  finishing,  and  polishing  small 
plastics,  metal,  wooden  and  rubber  parts. 

Details  of  how  the  item  can  be  adapted  to  use  with  any  type 
of  abrasive,  its  adaptability  to  most  motor  shafts,  and  numerous 
other  features,  are  listed  in  the  folder,  together  with  data  on 
Sand-O-Flex  construction  and  performance,  and  illustrations 
of  various  of  its  applications (313) 


For  Design  Engineers 

Owens-Coming-Fiberglos  Corp. 
Toledo,  O 

Entitled  "Facts  About  Fiberglas  for  Design  Engineers,'  this 
well -designed  and  informative  folder  presents  essential  data 
on  the  basic  properties  of  Fiberglas  products  in  their  several 
forms. 

The  booklet  lists  four  basic  forms  from  which  "more  than 
100  Fiberglas  products— serving  all  industries— are  made"  and 
proceeds  with  brief  description  and  photographic  illustration  of 
some  of  the  uses  of  various  forms. 

Its  applications  as  reinforcement  for  various  types  of  plastics 
materials  are  among  the  uses  described  in  the  booklet,  together 
with  other  applications  in  industry (314) 


JITNK 


Illustrated  below  It  the  famoutall-pla  tile  E6I  Aerial 
Dead  Reckoning  Computer  u»od  by  every  navigator 
and  bombardier  flying  for  our  Army  and  Navy. 
FILSINTHAL  hat  produced  more  of  the«e  initru- 
mentt  than  all  other  companlei  combined.  Our  ex- 
perience In  producing  preclilon  parti  In  PLASTICS 
It  available  to  you  too.  Write  for  our  Interesting 
and  uteful  Booklet  No.  3A. 


IT  IS TICS 


Catalog  of  Services 

Plastics  Div.,  General  Electric  Co. 
Pittsfield.  Mass. 

Printed  in  color,  this  attractive  booklet  presents  a  concise 
story  of  the  services  which  the  company  is  prepared  to  perform 
in  the  field  of  plastics. 

A  brief  foreword  mentions  G-E  laboratory  facilities  and  prog- 
ress in  plastics,  and  the  pages  which  follow  are  concerned  with 
data  on  some  of  the  plastics  materials  developed  by  the  com- 
pany, to  information  on  the  design  service  which  it  offers,  its 
engineering  service,  mold  making,  manufacturing,  etc. 

Photographic  illustrations  throughout  supplement  the  text  of 
the  booklet,  showing  materials  and  products,  as  well  as  depicting 
various  operations  and  procedures  in  plastics,  including  compres- 
sion molding,  laminating,  and  injection  molding  phases...  (315) 


Electronic  Equipment  Catalog 

Walker-Jimieson,  Inc. 
Chicago,  111. 

Newly-published  catalog  containing  information  and  data  on 
advanced  types  of  electronic  instruments,  devices  and  tools. 

Descriptions  and  photographs  of  such  products  as  industrial 
X-Ray  machines,  testing  equipment,  tools,  plastics  sectional  wir- 
ing systems,  equipment  for  laboratory  and  shop,  and  many  other 
items  of  interest  to  manufacturers,  engineers  and  chemists  in 
the  field. 

The  catalog  is  attractively  prepared,  in  color,  and  contains 
36  pages  of  detailed  information  on  the  products  which  it 
covers (316) 


Ail-Around  Fasteners 

Adel  Precision  Products  Corp. 
Burbank,  Calii. 

Recently-issued  catalog  on  Stalock  new-type,  self-locking  sheet 
metal  fasteners,  which  are  described  as  speeding  assembly  time, 


reducing  costs,  resisting  vibration,  saving  weight  and  being  re- 
usable. 

Of  particular  interest  to  the  plastics  field  is  the  Stalock 
"Push-on"  type  of  fastener,  which  is  said  to  possess  resilient 
locking  action  to  absorb  vibration,  provides  all  around  stud  en- 
gagement assuring  maximum  grip  and  holding  strength,  is  self- 
adaptable  to  odd-shaped  rivets,  nails,  studs,  wire  or  tabs,  and  has 
a  number  of  additional  advantages. 

The  catalog  lists  and  gives  descriptions  of  each  of  these  Sta- 
lock fasteners,  which  the  company  announces  have  been  awarded 
AAF  rating  on  all  types  submitted  to  date.  Illustration  of  each 
item  described  is  included  in  the  catalog,  as  well  as  indications 
for  use  (317) 


"We  Are  There" 

American  Flange  4  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 
New  York.  N.  Y. 

This  is  not  a  technical  piece  of  literature,  but  is  a  publication 
issued  by  the  above-named  company  for  distribution  free  of 
charge  to  those  using  industrial  drums,  in  all  trades  and  fields. 

The  small  volume  is  very  attractively  and  conservatively 
bound,  and  incorporates  in  its  contents  the  similar  publication 
entitled  "We  Were  There,"  which  was  handled  by  the  company 
in  the  same  manner  last  year. 

Written  and  illustrated  by  T.  H.  Chamberlin,  this  book  con- 
sists of  text  matter  and  sketches,  as  well  as  photographs,  which 
combine  to  provide  an  unusual  publication. 

Each  text  page  is  a  chapter  in  itself,  each  on  the  topic  of  a 
different  country  or  geographical  division  or  location,  and  faced 
by  a  sketch  of  either  a  famous  personage  of  that  country  or  of 
a  typical  inhabitant. 

There  is  a  brief  dedication,  and  a  full-page  introduction  to 
the  contents  of  the  book (318) 


R  PERSONAL  POS1-WAR  PLANNING 

-and  that  "LAB"of  Your 


The  new  Dillon  Universal  Tester  combines  finest  Engineering  skill  and 
Accuracy.  Highly  portable,  beautifully  designed.  In  use  today  by 
hundreds  of  leading  plants  everywhere.  Tests  in  TENSILE  —  COM- 
PRESSION -  TRANSVERSE  and  SHEAR.  Motorized  or  hand  operated. 
For  flat,  round  or  specially  shaped  specimens.  The  Dynamometer  Gauge 
is  supplied  in  7  ranges  from  0-250  Ibs.  up  to  0-10,000  Ibs.  All  7 
gauges  are  quickly  and  easily  interchangeable.  Special  tall  models  for 
materials  having  great  elongation  such  as  rubber,  plastics,  etc.  Has 
self-aligning  grips,  maximum  indicator,  ball  bearings.  A  Masterpiece 
of  testing  efficiency  at  America's  most  reasonable  price!  Write  today 
for  B-page  catalog  in  color!  s 

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COLLOIDAL  &  AMORPHOUS  MATERIALS 
By  Lewis,  Squires  &  Broughton 

The  complete  title  of  this  new  volume  is  "Industrial  Chemistry 
of  Colloidal  and  Amorphous  Materials,"  and  its  authors,  Warren 
K.  Lewis,  Lombard  Squires,  and  Geoffery  Broughton,  are  men  of 
wide  experience  in  the  field  of  chemistry,  to  which  they  have 
each  made  a  number  of  original  contributions. 

Combining  a  discussion  of  the  theoretical  bases  of  the  develop- 
ments in  chemistry  of  materials  of  high  molecular  complexity 
with  an  explanation  of  their  many  industrial  applications,  the 
book  explains  the  chemical  structure,  properties  and  behavior, 
and  the  industrial  processing  of  important  materials  such  as 
plastics,  drying  oils,  paper,  paints,  textiles,  adhesives,  protective 
films,  resins,  emulsions,  detergents,  amino  acids,  etc. 

Of  particular  interest  to  the  plastics  field  are  the  chapters 
dealing  with  such  topics  as  "Plasticization  by  Solution,"  cover- 
ing various  phases  of  the  subject;  "The  Plastic  Fibers,"  which 
deals  comprehensively  with  the  techniques,  processes,  etc.,  in- 
volved in  their  production;  a  chapter  of  detailed  information  on 
resins  and  plastics;  and  other  chapters  which  also  contain  data 
of  value  in  connection  with  plastics.  An  author  index  and  a 
subject  index  complete  the  volume. 

Detailed  information  on  new  experimental  findings,  labora- 
tory technique,  industrial  technique,  new  materials  and  new 
uses  of  colloidal  chemistry,  together  with  tables,  charts,  graphs, 
and  photos,  combine  to  provide  a  substantial  reference  book  for 
those  engaged  in  chemical  research  or  in  chemical  industry. — 
The  Macmillan  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  540  pages,  $6. 

PLASTICS  INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  MACHINING 
Plastics  Publishing  Co. 

A  pocket-size,  handy  booklet  of  instructions  for  machining 
plastics.  Contains  pertinent  and  helpful  information  on  sawing, 
milling,  threading,  tapping,  and  drilling  various  plastics,  and  has 
been  prepared  as  an  aid  to  those  interested  in  machining  these 
materials. 

The  data  is  set  forth  in  clear  and  concise  form,  compactly  ar- 
ranged.— Plastics  Publishing  Co.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  38  pages,  $1. 


THE  CHEMICAL  PROCESS  INDUSTRIES 
By  R.  Norris  Shreve 

A  compendium  of  information  on  modern  factory  practice  in 
breaking  down  actual  industrial  procedures  into  unit  operations 
and  unit  processes  in  the  field  of  chemical  industry. 

The  author's  primary  objective,  as  explained  in  the  preface  of 
this  volume,  is  the  presentation  of  chemical  industry  from  the 
chemical  engineering  viewpoint.  Other  objectives,  and  the  man- 
ner in  which  they  have  been  approached,  are  explained  in  detail 
in  the  first  chapter. 

The  book  contains  a  substantial  amount  of  detailed  informa- 
tion which  should  be  of  interest  to  those  in  the  plastics  field, 
KivcriiiK  not  only  topics  pertaining  to  plastics  but  to  various 
phases  of  their  components,  etc. 

There  are  39  chapters  in  all,  including  the  first  chapter  which 
is  concerned  with  the  aims  and  methods  of  the  author  in  pre- 
senting this  volume. 

Each  chapter  is  well  illustrated  by  means  of  charts,  tables, 
diagrams,  and  flow  sheets,  and  the  text  throughout  is  designed 
to  emphasize  not  details  but  broad  principles,  or  a  distinguishing 
characteristic  of  a  certain  process  or  industry.  At  the  ends  of 
the  chapters  there  are  a  few  typical  problems  pertaining  to  the 
industry  roncerned.  An  author  index  and  a  subject  index  com- 
plete the  book.  McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  New  York,  N.Y.,  957 
panes,  $7.50. 


HOLTITE 

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RECESSED  HEAD 
SCREWS  &  BOLTS 


ASSEMBLY  TIME 


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Phillips  Screws  and 
Bolts  cut  assembly  time  an 
average  of  50  ,  with  a  comparable  saving 
in  cost.  Now  the  accepted,  time-proven 
fastening  practise  in  all  plants  striving  for 
smooth,  uninterrupted  production,  these 
modern  recessed  head  screws  and  bolts 
provide  many  additional  advantages  and 
improvements.  Power  drivers  can  be  used  on  more  jobs 
. .  .  Pilot  holes  eliminated  for  stronger  fastening  .  .  .  Easy 
driving  in  difficult  positions  and  angles  .  .  .  Fewer  screws 
required,  or  smaller  siies  used  on  same  operation.  Other 
definite  advantages  are  obtained  from  HOLTITE-Phillips 
fastenings  to  improve  your  assembly  and  speed  produc- 
tion. Specify  HOLTITE  on  your  next  order. 


With  complete 
equipment  and  facil- 
ities for  producing 
Special  parti  and 
fastenings,  we  can 
efficiently  meet  any 
requirement,  exact 

to  specifications 
Send  blueprint,  spec- 
ifications or  sample. 


CONTINENTAL 

SCREW  COMPANY 


JUNE  194:. 


PLASTICS 


109 


ENRICH  PLASTICS 
WITH 


Detroit  Rubber  &  Plastics  Group  Activities 

Executive  Committee  appointments  for  1945  have  been  an- 
nounced by  the  Detroit  Rubber  &  Plastics  Group,  Inc.,  as  fol- 
lows: Chairman,  John  Dudley,  Chrysler  Engineering  Labs.; 
vice-chairman,  R.  J.  Shroyer,  R.  T.  Vanderbilt  Co.;  secretary, 
E.  J.  Kvet,  Baldwin  Rubber  Co.;  counseler,  and  educational, 
Fred  Wehmer,  Minnesota  Mining  &  Mfg.  Co.;  programs,  Dr. 
J.  W.  Temple,  U.  S.  Rubber  Co.;  publicity,  Dr.  C.  W.  Sel- 
heimer,  Wayne  University ;  membership,  E.  Briske,  U.'  S.  Rub- 
ber Co.,  technical  papers,  Earl  Sutler,  Acushnet  Processes  Co., 
and  Richard  Publow,  Essex  Wire  Corp. ;  materials,  John  Freese, 
Chrysler  Engineering  Labs. ;  advisory,  J.  P.  Wilson,  Ford  Motor 
Co. ;  W.  J.  Phillips,  General  Motors  Research ;  and  W.  J.  Mc- 
Courtney,  Chrysler  Engineering  Labs. 

Forthcoming  meetings  of  the  group,  during  1945,  have  been 
scheduled  for  September  13,  October  30,  and  December  14. 


Goodyear  President  Named  fo  NAM  Post 

E.  J.  Thomas,  president  of  Good- 
year Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed regional  vice  president  of  the 
National  Association  of  Manufactur- 
ers for  the  midwest  area  during  1945, 
and  in  that  capacity  will  assume 
jurisdiction  over  the  states  of  Ohio, 
Michigan  and  Indiana,  it  is  an- 
nounced. 

Ira  Mosher,  president  of  the  asso- 
ciation, who  appointed  Mr.  Thomas, 
has  named  him  as  a  member  of  the 
organization's  board  of  directors, 
also,  for  this  year. 

Mr.  Thomas  has  been  president  of 
E.  J.  Thomas  Goodyear  since  1940. 


Newark  SPI  Chapter  Holds  Meeting 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Newark,  N.J.  chapter  of  SPI  was 
held  at  the  Newark  Athletic  Club,  May  2.  One  of  the  features 
of  the  meeting  was  showing  of  a  motion  picture  film  on  com- 
pression molding,  as  well  as  a  condensed  version  of  the  Bell 
Telephone  Laboratories'  film  on  the  testing  of  molded  phenolic 
telephone  handsets. 


ASJM  Activities 

At  its  April  meeting,  the  executive  committee  of  the  American 
Society  for  Testing  Materials  decided  to  cancel  the  organiza- 
tion's 5-day  regular  annual  meeting,  which  had  been  scheduled 
for  Buffalo,  June  18-22,  inclusive,  and  to  plan,  instead,  for  a 
business  session  or  series  of  sessions,  to  be  held  in  New  York 
City  probably  during  the  latter  part  of  June.  This  is  to  permit 
actions  on  the  formal  standards  to  ie  consummated  and  Society 
business  to  be  conducted.  Also  cancelled  is  the  Exhibit  of  Test- 
ing Apparatus  and  Related  Equipment  which  had  been  scheduled 
for  the  annual  meeting.  Such  action  was  taken  by  the  committee 
in  view  of  the  transportation  situation,  in  conformity  with  re- 
cent Government  request. 

The  Society  advises  that  it  will  proceed  with  the  printing  of 
its  technical  papers  and  reports  which  would  normally  have  been 
presented  and  that  these  will  be  distributed  to  the  members  in 
accordance  with  regular  custom. 

It  is  also  advised  that  the  ASTM  plans  to  extend  its  stand- 
ardization activities  in  the  field  of  ultimate  consumer  goods  and 
is  appointing  a  new  administrative  committee  to  direct  such 
activity.  The  "study,  development,  and  standardization  of 
methods  of  tests  of  materials,  parts,  and  assemblies,  in  actual  or 


110 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


simulated  service  conditions,"  presents  another  phase  of  the 
work  which  the  Society  plans  to  undertake. 


Low  Density  Sheet  Material  Discussed 

Charles  A.  Scogland,  Plastics  Engineer  of  the  Studebaker 
Corp.,  discussed  a  new  technique  for  forming  low  density  sheet 
material  at  a  meeting  of  the  SPI,  on  May  4,  at  the  Edgewatcr 
Beach  Hotel  in  Chicago. 

This  process  involves  a  radically  new  conception  for  obtaining 
air-cored  panels.  The  previous  practice  has  been  to  use  male 
and  female  dies  or  metal  mandrills  to  obtain  the  corrugated 
center  rib  elements  and  was  therefore  limited  to  flat  sheets.  The 
technique  described  by  Scogland  utilizes  sand-filled  cellophane 
tubes  as  flexible  mandrills.  In  the  molding  process,  two  opposed 
layers  of  sand-filled  cellophane  tubes  are  placed  equi-distant 
above  and  below  a  center  section  of  resin-impregnated  plies.  The 
external  plies  are  placed  over  this  assembly  forming  a  "sand- 
wich" of  at  least  five  layers,  or  as  many  as  the  molder  may 
care  to  apply. 

On  the  application  of  pressure,  each  layer  of  the  sand-filled 
cellophane  tubes  carries  before  it  the  interposed  ply  of  resin- 
impregnated  crepe  paper  which  ultimately  contacts  the  surface 
plies.  During  the  cure  cycle,  this  all  becomes  fused  into  a 
homogeneous  mass.  Upon  being  released  from  the  pressure,  the 
ends  of  the  cellophane  tubes  are  slit  and  the  sand  blown  out 
leaving  a  panel  with  a  cross  section  somewhat  similar  to  that 
of  common  corrugated  paper. 

."Because  of  the  inherent  flexibility  of  the  sand  filled  tubes," 
Scogland  said,  "these  sections  can  be  molded  in  simple  or  com- 
plex curves.  The  end  product  is  a  board  of  any  reasonable  thick- 
ness with  two  surface  elements  or  skins  separated  by  a  thin 
structure  of  air  sections  running  in  cross-sections." 

Cost  of  producing  these  sections  will  depend  primarily  upon 
the  material,  the  structure  and  the  equipment  used ;  however,  it 
was  stated  that  they  can  be  produced  at  a  cost  that  compares 


favorably  with  other  plastic-  man-rials  now  on  the  market.  U»e 
of  this  material  for  housing,  automobiles,  luggage,  refrigerators, 
OM.-HS  and  a  number  of  other  fields  is  new  IK-IMK'  investiKated  by 
a  score  of  companies  throughout  the  country. 


Pacific  Northwest  SPI  Section 

Plastics  industry  members  meeting  recently  in  Seattle  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  the  Pacific  Northwest  section  of  SPI  ex- 
pressed confidence  that  the  future  held  much  promise  for  that 
industry  in  the  Pacific  northwest. 

Frank  Wilt-ox,  chairman  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Section  of  SPI, 
William  T.  Cruse,  executive  vice-president  of  SPI,  Arthur  J. 
Norton,  SPI  director  for  the  northwest,  and  James  Louttit, 
chairman  of  the  industrial  committee,  Seattle  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, were  speakers  at  the  nu-eting.  for  which  the  arrange- 
ments had  been  made  by  William  II.  l.ainprrt,  Rallard  Plastics 
Corp.,  Seattle.  The  natural  resources  of  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  U.  S.,  in  the  light  of  their  potentialities  for  contribution 
to  basic  plastics  and  chemical  industries,  were  discussed  as  fac- 
tors indicating  the  future  possibilities  of  plastics  there. 


Chicago  Chapter  of  AICE  Elects  Officers 

At  the  99th  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Chapter  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Chemical  Engineers,  on  May  16,  the  following  offi- 
cers were  elected  for  the  chapter,  for  the  1945-46  term :  Chair- 
man, John  Swearingen,  Standard  Oil  Co. ;  vice-chairman,  Dr. 
Wm.  Brinker,  Corn  Products,  Inc. ;  secretary-treasurer,  Russel 
T.  Griffith,  Illinois  Inst.  of  Technology ;  director-at-Iarge,  Dr. 
Paul  D.  V.  Manning.  International  Minerals  &  Chemical  Co. 

Charles  C.  Henry,  past  president  of  the  National  Plastic  En- 
gineering Society,  and  sales  manager  of  Chicago  Die  Mold  Mfg. 
Co.,  was  a  featured  speaker,  and  a  technicolor  film,  "Careers 
for  Cellulose,"  was  shown. 


Careful  attention  to  detail  by  a  staff  of  competent 
craftsmen  makes  that  EXTRA  difference  tn  an  ACCU- 
RATE compression  of  transfer  mold  job  ,  .  .  and  is  the 
reason  why  leading  manufacturers  prefer  ACCURATE 
facilities  when  specific  specifications,  absolute  preci- 
sion and  production  costi  are  important!  Make  AC- 
CURATE your  inquiry  headquarters  for  tough  problems 
NOW  ...  NO  OBLIGATIONI 


ACCURATE        MOLDING        CORPORATION 


132  NASSAU  STREET 
BROOKLYN.  N.  Y. 


JUNE  1945 


PL  AST  it'S 


2035  W.  Charleston  Street 


Production  "Know  How" 
solves  the  manifold  little 
technical  problems  of 
units  with  a  number  of  inserts. 
It  assures,  in  mass  pro- 
duction, a  high  standard 
of  uniformity.  If  you  have 
a  parallel  problem, 
won't  you  write  us? 


INDUSTRIAL 

MOLDED  PRODUCTS  CO. 

Chicago  47,  Illinois 


ENGINEERING 

A/ewA  Jtettek 

By  LEWIS  WINNER 

Market  Research   Engineer 

Fungus  and  Moisture  Control 

To  the  long  list  of  striking  plastics  applications  has  been 
added  one  that  is  truly  quite  unusual  .  .  .  fungus  and  moisture 
control.  As  a  result  of  intensive  research,  biologists  and  chem- 
ists have  found  that  plastics  materials  are  invaluable  in  curb- 
ing the  destructive  forces  of  mildew  or  rot.  According  to  Wil- 
fred F.  Horner,  director  of  the  biological  laboratory  of  Belmont 
Radio  Corp.,  many  plastics  compounds  do  not  support  molds 
growth.  Speaking  before  a  recent  WPB  conference  in  Chicago, 
Mr.  Horner  pointed  out  that  plastics  containing  asbestos,  glass, 
and  similar  fillers  do  not  as  a  rule  deteriorate  due  to  fungi,  add- 
ing that  vinyl  chloride,  vinyl  acetate,  polyvinyl  chloride  and 
methyl  methacrylate  resins  are  relatively  fungus-inert.  He 
further  stated  that  polystyrene  or  mica-filled  phenolic  sheets  are 
better  than  paper-base  phenolic  sheets  in  providing  resistance 
to  moisture  and  fungus. 

Mr.  Horner  pointed  out  that  mildew  activity  can  be  curbed 
by  treating  plastics  materials  with  a  fungicide  spraying  process 
before  impregnation. 

Discussing  plasticizers  and  their  fungus  resistance  he  said 
that  dibutyl  phthalate  was  excellent,  and  offered  a  tabulation 
citing  the  characteristics  of  dibutyl  phthalate  and  seven  other 
plasticizers,  using  nitrocellulose  as  the  base  material.  These 
data  appear  below: 


Name 


Fungus 

Resistance 


Volatility 
(in  %  loss) 


Affinity  for 
water  at  25 °C 


Dibutyl  phthalate 
Tricresol  phosphate 
Diphenyfchlorate 
Triphenyl  chlorate 
Castor  oil 

Dibutyl  sebacate 


Methyl  dihydroabietate 
(Hercolyn) 

Processed  linseed  oil 


excellent 


good 


good 


good 


poor 


6  hrs.     3.74  (2 12F) 

24  hrs.     9.20  (240F) 

8  hrs.  25.0     (300F) 

24  hrs.  33.0     (325F) 

6  hrs.     0.15I212F) 

0.15  (240F) 

0.4     (300F) 

1.0 

0 

0 

0 

0 


24  hrs. 

8  hrs. 
24  hrs. 

6  hrs. 
24  hrs. 

8  hrs. 
24  hrs. 

6  hrs. 
24  hrs. 

8  hrs.  I  3.0 
24  hrs.  28.0 


(325F) 
(212F) 
(240F) 
(300F) 
(325F) 
1.15  (212F) 
6.0     (240F) 
(300F) 
(325F) 


0.6 


0.2 


0.1 


0.5 


0.5 


good 

very 
poor 


6  hrs.  0.04  (2 12F) 
24  hrs.  1.08I240F) 

8  hrs.  1.41  (300F) 
24  hrs.  I.72I325F) 

(bad  discoloration) 

6  hrs. 
less  than  1%   (212F)  0.02 

6  hrs.  3.0  (325F) 
24  hrs.  14.64  (325F) 
24  hrs.  1.75  (240F)  0.1 

8  hrs.  4.0  (300F) 
24  hrs.  15.0  (325F) 

2  hrs.  14.0     (212F)    not  practical 
(oxidation  occurred, 
gelled  and  very  unstable) 


There  are  some  plastics  compounds,  such  as  cellulose  nitrate 
and  ethyl  cellulose,  which  are  susceptible  to  mold  growth  and 
deterioration,  although  cellulose  acetate  compounds  are  relatively 
inert  to  growth  and  deterioration,  said  Mr.  Horner.  Several 
types  of  fungicides,  usually  organic  compounds,  can  be  used  to 
destroy  fungi  or  to  prevent  their  growth.  Two  types  of  fungi- 
cides were  described.  One  is  the  metallic,  or  heavy  metal  group, 
which  denatures  the  proteins  in  the  filaments  and  spores.  There 
are  three  compounds  in  this  group:  copper,  (copper  naphtha- 
nate),  zinc  (zinc  naphthanate),  and  mercury  (phenyl  mercuric 
salicylate,  phenyl  mercuric  stearate,  phenyl  mercuric  oleate,  and 
pyridyl  mercuric  stearate).  In  the  second  classification  we  have 


112 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


the  non-metallic  group,  which  serves  to  denature  the  proteins 
and  to  destroy  enzyme  production.  In  this  group  we  have 
phenol  compounds,  which  include  salicylanilide  pentachlorophe- 
nol,  tetrabromoorthocresol,  and  dihydroxydichlorodiphenylmeth- 
ane.  Lacquers,  varnishes,  wax  resin  bases  and  silicone  resin 
bases  have  also  been  used  to  combat  moisture  and  fungus  dif- 
ficulties. 

Mr.  Horner  said  that  affinity  for  water  varies  with  the  type 
of  cellulose  derivative  used;  with  cellulose  acetate,  the  affinity 
for  water  is  greater. 

Coaxial  Coble  Production 

In  the  communications  industry  plastics  has  Ixxome  extremely 
important,  particularly  in  solid  dielectric  flexible  coaxial  cable 
production.  Before  the  war,  production  was  quite  low,  with  air 
dielectric  types  receiving  most  of  the  attention.  However,  the 
requirements  of  the  Armed  Forces  made  it  necessary  to  develop 
a  variety  of  solid  dielectric  types  using  plastics.  Today  we  have 
dual  coaxial  cables,  single  and  double  braid  coaxials,  spiral  delay 
types,  dual  conductors,  etc. 

Many  of  these  types  employ  polyethylene  or  vinylite  as  the 
wire  insulation,  while  the  cable  jacket  is  also  a  plastics  of  special 
insulation,  while  the  cable  jacket  is  also  a  plastics  of  special 
composition.  This  jacket,  incidentally,  is  quite  important.  Dur- 
ing the  early  days  of  the  war  is  was  learned  that  the  migration 
of  the  plasticizer  from  the  jacket  into  the  primary  insulation 
increased  the  attenuation  properties  of  the  cable.  As  a  result 
new  jacketing  compounds  were  developed.  In  one  of  these  com- 
pounds the  resin  is  copolymerized  polyvinyl  acetate  and  poly- 
vinyl  chloride.  The  plasticizer  is  dioctyl  phthalate  or  tricresyl 
phosphate. 

In  a  recent  visit  to  the  Federal  Telephone  and  Radio  Corpo- 
ration plant  in  Nutley,  N.  J.,  where  these  cables  are  made, 
constructional  details  of  many  types  were  revealed.  The  single 
braid  coaxial  cable  is  made  up  of  a  conductor,  dielectric,  metal 
marily  as  a  transmission  line  between  an  electronic  instrument 
and  the  antenna.  It  has  been  applied  to  the  very  high  frequen- 


cies with  success.  In  the  double  braid  coaxial  cable,  the  con- 
struction is  a  bit  more  complex.  Here  we  have  an  inner  con- 
ductor, dielectric,  inner  coaxial  braid  (usually  silver-plated 
copper  wire),  second  braid  of  bare  copper  wire  and  the  special 
plastics  jacket.  This  cable  has  been  found  particularly  useful 
at  the  so-called  super  high  frequencies  where  it  is  necessary  to 
provide  for  extreme  circuit  control.  The  dual  conductor  type  con- 
sists of  two  spaced  wires  surrounded  by  polyethylene,  a  braid  and 
the  jacket  material.  This  cable  differs  from  the  dual  coaxial 
type.  In  the  latter,  two  single  coaxial  cables  are  provided  up 
to  the  first  braid,  then  the  two  cables  are  braided  together  in 
a  single  cable  and  a  vinyl  jacket  is  placed  over  the  exterior. 

One  of  the  most  unusual  of  the  cables  made  in  the  Nutley 
plant  is  the  spiral  delay  type  which  is  ordinarily  used  for  lower 
frequency  transmission.  In  these  cables  a  core  of  polyethylene 
is  extruded  over  a  fibre  glass  cord.  Then  formex  wire  is  wound 
about  this  cord  on  a  lathe.  This  becomes  the  inner  conductor 
of  the  cable,  which  is  covered  with  polethylenc  dielectric,  a 
braid  and  then  an  outer  jacket.  This  material  is  often  used 
in  linking  oscilloscopes  to  video  receivers. 

According  to  plant  executives  at  Federal  it  has  been  possible 
to  produce  over  2,000,000  feet  of  polyethylene  cable  a  month. 

Vinyl  Plastics  Shoe  Soles 

A  study  of  22  vinyl  plastics  materials  for  shoe  soles  was  re- 
cently completed  by  G.  M.  Kline,  P.  A.  Sigler  and  P.  Plaia 
of  the  Bureau  of  Standards.  The  investigation,  conducted  at 
the  request  of  the  WPB,  revealed  that  while  vinyl  plastics  were 
inferior  to  leather  in  tensile  strength  and  stitch  tear,  they  were 
superior  to  leather  in  change  and  thickness  on  immersion  in 
water,  as  well  as  in  abrasion  resistance.  END 


W.4*jg£-    - 

WSS&i 

OF^lSHM^erMuA 


as*?. 


FOR  FAST  ACTION,  if  riw  products  you  in*  or 
mofr*  or*  dmrivfd  from  fh«  bos*  mot»no/i  bjlow, 
i»nd  lompUi  of  worlr  or  on  out/in*  of  what  you 
wont  in  rim  way  of  finiih.  W»'ll  lak*  it  from 


PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDES  •  UREA-FORMALDE- 
HYDES •  ACRYLATES  and  METHACRYLATES 
STYRENES  •  HARD  RUBBERS  •  CASEINS  •  ETHYL- 
CELLULOSES  •  CELLULOSE  ACHATES  •  CEUULOSE 
ACETATE  BUTYRATES  •  CELLULOSE  NITRATES 


MANUFACTURING  CO. 

3nt.lifrf  Ct 


ROCHESTER,  MICH. 

PLASTICS    FINISHING    DIVISION      *      *      * 

Me  At  El*    MANUFACTURING    CO..    CHATHAM.    ONT. 


JUNE  194:> 


Pl.ASTtCS 


113 


YES!  There  is 

SOMETHING  NEW  and  BETTER 
in  our  MODEL  H   LINE  of 


PRESSES 


Designed  tor 

PLASTIC  MOLDING, 

COMPRESSION  &  TRANSFER, 

PLASTIC  LAMINATING.  DIE  MOLDING  of 

TRANSMUTED  WOOD  by  our  "LAMANELLE"  Process 

POWDER    MOLDING,    DEEP    DRAWING    METALS 

and  ANY  APPLICATION  WHERE  A  POWERFUL 

and   FAST  HYDRAULIC   PRESS  CAN   BE   USED 


Manufactured   by 

JOHNSON  CITY 

FOUNDRY  &  MACHINE  WORKS 

JOHNSON  CITY,  TENNESSEE 

STRUCTURAL  STEEL     •     SPECIAL  MACHINERY 

MISCELLANEOUS  IRON  WORK    •    FERROLOY  ENGINEERED 

CASTINGS  FOR  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS 

Builders    of 

HYDRAULICS 
MIXERS  -   DRYERS 


Engineers  and  National  Distributors 

Bauman-Rosin  &  Associates 


214     CHESTER     12th     BUILDING 
CLEVELAND        14,       OHIO 


Capital  Report 

(Continued  from  page  96) 


7%  more  of  such  textiles  are  needed  immediately  to  fill  war 
needs.  Army  needs  are  greater  than  they  have  been  during 
any  time  during  the  war.  As  the  Japanese  war  moves  northward, 
even  more  rayon  will  be  required  by  the  soldiers.  Defense  Plant 
Corporation  has  announced  it  is  building  a  new  plant  for  the 
North  American  Rayon  Corporation  at  Elizabethton,  Tenn.,  to 
produce  viscose  rayon  yarn. 

One  of  the  practical  problems  involved  with  rayon  textiles  was 
recently  discussed  at  length  here  at  a  meeting  between  rayon 
producers,  finishers,  laundry  equipment  manufacturers,  and 
laundry  operators,  as  to  how  machinery  and  services  of  laun- 
dries may  be  improved  to  service  rayon,  especially  the  newer 
types  of  spun  rayon  fabrics.  Laundries,  using  equipment  spe- 
cifically designed  for  cotton  textiles,  found  the  results  unsatis- 
factory to  customers.  After  the  war  a  greatly  increased  volume 
of  rayon  of  all  types  is  anticipated  by  laundries,  and  they  are 
seeking  to  prepare  for  handling  of  the  business  which  they  fear 
they  will  otherwise  lose.  It  is  believed  that  rayon  producers  and 
finishers  now  have  a  better  understanding  of  laundry  needs ; 
laundry  equipment  manufacturers  have  a  clearer  idea  of  rayon 
characteristics  and  the  equipment  needs  for  satisfactory  finish- 
ing ;  and  the  operators,  through  the  American  Institute  of  Laun- 
dering, will  launch  experiments  to  be  conducted  in  order  that 
the  results  may  be  passed  along  to  the  16,000  power  laundries 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Rayon  manufacturers  reported 
that  they  plan  many  new  factories  after  the  war,  both  in  the 
United  States  and  abroad,  and  the  manufacturers  and  laundry 
operators  both  reported  that  in  spite  of  certain  difficulties  with 
synthetic  fibers,  public  acceptance  of  rayon  is  remarkable.  The 
meeting  was  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that  rayon  would  compete 
more  than  successfully  with  silk ;  and  that  the  price  of  spun 
rayon  has  practically  reached  the  point  where  it  competes,  on 
a  cost  basis,  with  combed  cottons.  Spun  rayon  is  cheaper  than 
wool  or  silk.  One  pound  of  rayon,  l%",  V/2  denier,  good 
quality  viscose  staple,  in  March,  1944  was  priced  at  2Sc,  com- 
pared to  60c  in  January,  1928.  From  30%  to  50%  of  postwar 
output  in  shirts,  shorts,  handkerchiefs  and  pajamas  will,  it  is 
expected,  be  made  of  rayon.  In  addition,  there  will  be  more 
rayon  dresses,  table  linens,  sportswear,  etc. 

Genera/  Notes 

The  Army  reports  that  the  multiple-tube  rocket  launchers, 
made  principally  of  plastics,  proved  in  the  South  Pacific  to  be 
"versatile  and  deadly  weapons."  They  fire  rockets  30"  long, 
weigh  38  Ib,  and  pack  the  punch  of  a  105-mm  shell.  .  .  .  HR 
2827,  introduced  by  Congressman  McDonough  of  California, 
would  release  from  the  Army  and  Navy  the  scientific  and  tech- 
nological men  so  badly  needed  in  the  plastics  industry.  .  .  . 
Freon-12  and  Freon-20,  used  for  refrigeration  and  air-condi- 
tioning, has  been  released  from  controls.  .  .  .  Crushed  sugar 
cane  trash,  with  high  cellulose  content,  will  be  used  in  a  com- 
mercial plant  established  in  India  to  make  cardboard.  .  .  .  Ex- 
porters may  ship  small  orders  costing  less  than  $100,  without  a 
preference  rating.  A  general  license  must  be  obtained  from  the 
Foreign  Economic  Administration.  .  .  .  Alien  Property  Custo- 
dian James  E.  Markham,  135  South  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago  3, 
Illinois,  has  announced  the  publication  of  an  abstract  of  patents 
and  patent  applications,  seized  from  aliens,  available  for  license 
to  Americans.  There  are  33  sections  covering  plastics,  wood, 
paper,  pulp,  petroleum,  decorative  coatings,  and  metallurgy. 
They  cover  2,900  patents,  and  give  methods  of  using  phenols, 
aldehydes,  cellulose  esters,  casein,  gelatine,  polyvinyl  formats, 
olefins,  acrylic  acid,  vinyl  chloride,  plastics  and  resin  raw  mate- 
rials, for  use  in  such  diverse  things  as  frictionless  bearings,  brake 
bands,  electric  insulation,  traffic  signs,  varnishes,  plastics,  zipper 
fasteners,  films,  artificial  leathers,  textile  finishes,  and  a  host  of 
other  uses.  Section  No.  23  deals  with  Plastics,  Synthetic 
Resins,  Plasticizers,  Solvents ;  No.  24,  Elastomers ;  No.  25, 
Textiles,  Natural  and  Synthetic  Fibers;  No.  27,  Wood,  Paper, 
Pulp;  No.  30,  Protective  and  Decorative  Coatings;  No.  32, 
Supplement  of  1,700  classified  patents  abstracted  subsequent  to 
publication  of  previous  sections ;  No.  33,  Master  Index,  with 
32,000  references  and  cross-references  to  all  Chemical  Abstracts. 
Complete  set  of  Chemical  Abstracts  sells  for  $25 ;  individual 
sections,  $1.  Patents  are  licensed  for  an  administrative  fee 
of  $15  each.  END 


114 


PLASTK  S 


JUNE  1945 


Hercules  Powder  Co.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  lias  announced  that 
its  first  complete  unit  for  the  production  of  cellulose-derivative 
laminate  sheets  is  now  in  operation  at  the  company's  plant  in 
Parlin,  N.  J.  It  is  further  announced  that  because  of  the  short- 
age of  textiles,  paper,  and  other  laminating  stocks,  the  company, 
for  the  present,  will  be  able  to  serve  only  those  fabricators  who 
are  manufacturing  essential  war  products. 

The  original  inherent  high-impact  strength  of  un-reinforced 
cellulose  derivative  plastics  has,  in  some  instances,  been  quadru- 
pled by  laminating  with  such  textiles  as  those  of  glass,  and 
some  of  these  samples,  it  is  said,  could  not  be  broken  on  the 
standard  Izod  impact  strength  testing  equipment. 

The  Hercules  Co.  feels  that  the  potentialities  of  these  cellu- 
lose derivative  laminates  are  extensive;  the  ease  with  which 
they  can  be  fabricated,  their  range  of  color  possibilities,  tough- 
ness, durability,  etc.,  presenting  possibilities,  under  proper  for- 
mulation, in  such  fields  as  luggage,  furniture,  refrigerators, 
housings  for  electrical  equipment,  in  airplane  and  automobile 
construction,  etc.  Since  they  can  be  solvent-sealed  or  heat- 
sealed,  operations  such  as  drilling,  punching,  and  riveting  can 
be  dispensed  with,  although  they  can  readily  be  performed  if 
desired,  according  to  description. 


Formation  of  a  Canadian  subsidiary  of  the  Baldwin  Loco- 
motive Works  to  market  in  Canada  such  Baldwin  products  as 
turbines,  hydraulic  presses,  power  tools,  water  wheels,  and 
Diesel  engines,  from  headquarters  soon  to  be  opened  in  Toronto, 


has  been  announced  by   Ralph   Kelly,  president  of  the  parent 
company. 

It  is  further  announced  that  the  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  to 
be  known  as  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  of  Canada,  Ltd.,  will 
subcontract  its  orders  to  the  United  States  Steel  Co.,  Ltd., 
Toronto,  which  has  several  plants  in  eastern  Canada,  and  all 
production  is  to  be  under  general  supervision  of  Baldwin  of 
Canada,  from  Baldwin  designs  and  specifications. 


The  Army-Navy  "E"  Award  for  high  achievement  in  war 
production  was  presented  to  employees  of  Roxalin  Flex- 
ible Finishes,  Inc.,  at  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  on  April  10.  The 
"E"  was  awarded  for  the  company's  record  in  producing 
plastics  base  finishes  for  aircraft,  shipboard  equipment, 
communications,  motor  transport,  and  the  electrical  in- 
dustry. 


The  appointment  of  United  States  Plywood  Corp.  as  ex- 
clusive nationwide  sales  agent  for  Pliobond,  all-purpose  adhesive 
cement,  has  been  announced  by  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co., 
developer  and  manufacturer  of  the  product. 

Pliobond,  produced  by  the  Goodyear  research  laboratory,  was 
developed  as  part  of  the  company's  war  program  to  meet  a  vast 
number  of  needs  where  an  unusually  strong  adhesive  was  re- 
quired. Pliobond  is  said  to  meet  those  needs,  since  it  has  been 
described  as  being  capable  of  firmly  bonding  plastics  to  plastics, 
metal  to  metal,  as  well  as  joining  of  numerous  other  materials, 


Wonder  if   it  can  be  done 
in  Plastics  ? 

Guess  I  II  write  to 


There's  a  man  who  knows  the  business  from  A  to  Z.  His  experience, 
coupled  with  the  modern  methods  and  equipment  employed  by  his  organi- 
zation, assures  you  of  a  complete  answer  to  your  question.  Although  now 
entirely  devoted  to  the  war  effort,  this  company  is  always  ready  to  discuss 
future  plans. 

ARTINDELL  MOLDING  co. 

OLDEN  and  6th  Street  .  TRENTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


JUNE  1945 


I'LASTtl'S 


115 


THIRD  REVISED 
EDITION  OF 


INDUSTRIAL 


PLASTICS 


By  HERBERT  R. 
SIMONDS 


—  Including  All  Important  New 
Materials  and  New  Processes 


This  successful  book  has  been  en- 
larged and  revised  in  the  light  of  re- 
cent developments.  Important  new 
materials  are  described  as  well  as 
many  new  processes  of  manufacture. 
Tables  have  been  brought  up-to-date. 
The  author  has  greatly  expanded  the 
chapter  describing  the  plastics  indus- 
try in  foreign  countries.  General 
arrangement  of  subject  matter,  which 
has  proved  so  popular  in  previous 
editions,  has  been  maintained. 


Cloth— 6"  *9".  416  pages,  over  160 
illustrations,  diagrams  and  tables... 


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ORGANIZATION 

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partment of  a  manufacturing 
concern  may  be  studied,  evalu- 
ated and  improved. 
Cloth— 6"x9"—  320  ^_  __ 

pp $3.75 


PITMAN 


PUBLISHING 
CORPORATION 

2  West  45th  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


and  of  being  flexible,  waterproof,  and  resistant  to  the  actions 
of  ordinary  chemical  solvents. 

The  product  will  be  marketed  through  U.  S.  Plywood's  20 
distributing  units  throughout  the  country,  according  to  C.  P. 
Joslyn,  head  of  Goodyear's  chemical  products  division. 


Institution  by  Princeton  University  of  a  program  of  in- 
struction and  research  in  plastics  has  been  announced  by  Pro- 
fessor Kenneth  H.  Condit,  Dean  of  the  Princeton  School  of 
Engineering. 

Sponsored  by  the  School  of  Engineering,  the  program  is  a 
co-operative  enterprise  of  five  scientific  departments,  namely, 
the  departments  of  mechanical,  chemical,  and  electrical  engi- 
neering, of  chemistry  and  physics,  and  is  said  to  be  believed  the 
first  program  to  be  established  in  an  educational  institution  in 
this  country,  in  which  the  field  of  plastics  is  approached  from  the 
engineering  as  well  as  the  chemical  aspects.  It  has  been  planned 
with  the  two- fold  purpose  of  meeting  "the  growing  demand 
in  industry  for  men  equipped  with  scientific  or  engineering  train- 
ing supplemented  by  a  comprehensive  background  in  plastics," 
said  Dean  Condit,  and  of  conducting  fundamental  research  in 
plastics  and  their  application. 

The  program  is  being  developed  with  the  assistance  of  an  ad- 
visory committee  of  industrialists  in  the  plastics  field,  and  an 
inter-departmental  committee  charged  with  the  conduct  of  the 
program  is  composed  of  representatives  of  the  participating  de- 
partments, and  Dean  Condit. 


Schoder  &  Lombard  Stamp  &  Die  Co,  Inc.,  has  announced 
its  recent  removal  to  a  new  location  at  132-138  Lafayette  St., 
New  York  City. 


The  importance  of  resins  for  textile  finishing  was  again 
emphasized  by  the  recent  announcement  of  American  Cyanamid 
Co.,  of  the  company's  formation  of  a  new  department  expressly 
to  handle  its  products,  for  the  textile  finishing  field. 

Lanaset,  the  alkylated  melamine  formaldehyde  resin  intro- 
duced by  American  Cyanamid  for  shrinkage  control  of  wool  and 
wool  blends,  has  received  wide  acceptance  in  the  woolen  trade 
in  recent  months,  it  is  reported,  with  the  result  that  several 
garment  manufacturers  are  planning  to  introduce  Lanaset- 
treated  apparel  with  their  fall  lines. 

The  company  has  other  trademarked  products,  for  textile 
finishing,  in  process  of  development,  or  awaiting  termination  of 
the  war,  for  introduction :  These  include  Permcl  33,  for  crease 
and  spot  resistance ;  Lacet,  a  permanent  finish  for  nettings ; 
Aerotex  120,  a  semi-durable  finish  for  imparting  stiffness,  and 
increasing  body  in  cottons  and  rayons.  Many  other  industrial 
finishing  products,  such  as  warp  sizings  and  moisture  repellents, 
are  also  reported  in  process  of  development. 

The  new  Textile  Resin  Department  will  have  its  headquarters 
at  the  company's  plant  in  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  with  branch 
offices  in  Charlotte,  Chicago,  and  Providence,  and  will  be  under 
the  managership  of  R.  E.  Sumner,  who  was  formerly  department 
sales  manager  of  dyestuffs  for  Calco  Chemical  Division. 


Consolidated  Vultee  Aircraft  Corp.,  San  Diego,  has  an- 
nounced a  change  of  name  for  the  new  plastics  laminate  re- 
cently developed  by  its  research  engineers.  Introduced  under  the 
trade  name  of  Conolite,  this  product  has  been  renamed  Conolon, 
in  order  to  avoid  confusion  with  other  plastics  trade  names  sim- 
ilar to  the  former,  according  to  announcement  by  G.  T.  Gerlach, 
Convair  patent  director. 

Condon,  made  by  impregnating  Fiberglas  or  Partisan  fabric 
with  a  new  type  thermosetting  resin,  can  be  "cured"  in  numerous 
complex  shapes  for  high-strength  structures  (see  plastict  April 
1945).  It  is  being  produced  by  the  National  Research  &  Mfg. 
Co.,  National  City,  Calif. 


Sterling  Tool  Products  Co.,  Chicago,  advises  that  the  com- 
pany has  acquired  an  additional  19,000  sq  ft  of  floor  space  at  the 
location  of  the  Sterling  factory,  and  plans  to  undertake  an  "en- 
larged production  schedule  on  present  products  and  to  acquire 
added  factory  and  laboratory  equipment  for  the  development  and 
marketing  of  new  products"  as  post-war  expansion.  The  com- 


116 


PLASTtCS 


JUNE  1945 


pany's  best-known  products  at  present  are  portable  sanding;  ma- 
chines, in  2  models ;  Sterling  1000,  an  electric  machine,  and  .S'I.T- 
ling  Speed-Bloc,  an  air-driven  model. 


Manufacturing  operations  have  been  started  in  Los  An- 
geles, according  to  recent  unn<  inurement,  t>y  the  Los  Angeles 
Plastics  Corp.,  an  employee-owned  company,  following  purchase 
of  the  assets  of  a  company  which  had  previously  been  operating 
in  the  city's  industrial  district.  The  purchase  included  all  ma- 
chinery', machine  shop,  tool  room  equipment,  plastics  machinery, 
dies  and  other  plant  equipment. 

Facilities  of  the  new  manufacturing  company  "will  be  at  the 
full  disposal  of  the  military  requirements  of  the  United  States 
and  foreign  allied  governments  for  the  duration,"  according  to 
Hugo  Stainbrook,  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  company,  and 
chairman  of  its  board. 

The  company,  formed  by  a  group  of  forward-thinking  work- 
ers at  North  American  Aviation  Co.,  and  to  which  formation 
they  have  devoted  their  "off -time."  not  allowing  the  new  project 
to  interfere  with  their  work  at  the  aviation  plant,  now  has  more 
than  250  stockholders.  No  personnel  of  any  aviation  company 
will  be  accepted  for  employment  for  the  duration,  it  is  explained, 
this  step  being  taken  to  safeguard  the  nation's  war  effort. 


It  has  been  announced  by  \Vales-Strippit  Corp.,  North  Ton- 
awanda,  X.  Y.,  that  employees  of  that  organization  have  re- 
cently won  the  Army-Navy  Production  Award  for  the  second 
time. 


The  Rogers  Paper  Mfg.  Co.,  Manchester,  Conn.,  has  an- 
nounced a  change  of  its  company  name,  by  recent  action  of  its 
stockholders,  to  Rogers  Corporation. 

Executives  of  the  company  explained  that  it  was  felt  that  the 
former  name  was  no  longer  descriptive  of  the  expanded  activi- 
ties in  which  the  organization  has  been  engaged  for  some  time. 
The  company  manufactures  and  fabricates  an  extensive  group 
of  special  fibrous  materials  in  laminated  sheet  form,  and  the 
Rogers  process  also  produces  several  plastics  materials,  accord- 
ing to  announcement. 

Designated  as  Rogers-Bards,  materials  made  by  the  Rogers 
Corp.  have  wide  use  in  electrical  insulation,  for  shoe  midsoles, 
for  structural  members,  and  for  a  number  of  other  purposes. 
During  the  war,  they  have  found  application  in  the  making  of 
bomber  seats,  handles  for  mess  kit  knives,  and  a  range  of  other 
items  which  include  container  closures  and  automobile  license 
plates. 


Addition  of  a  fourth  star  to  the  original  Army-Navy  "E" 
Award  burgee  received  by  the  Industrial  Electronics  and  X-Ray 
divisions  of  Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  Co.  plant  at  Balti- 
more, Md.,  in  September,  1942,  has  been  announced  by  Walter 
Evans,  vice  president  in  charge  of  the  plant. 


The  rapid  advance  of  the  plastics  industry  in  receni  years 
as  a  consumer  of  industrial  chemicals  is  indicated  in  findings 
made  by  E.  I.  du  Pont  de  Nemours  &  Co.  in  a  recent  check-up 
of  all  of  its  departments,  which,  it  is  announced,  showed  that 
the  company  now  produces  more  than  30  chemical  products  used 
in  plastics  and  resins.  These  include  a  wide  range  of  solvents, 
catalysts,  intermediates,  plasticizers,  adhesives  and  other  com- 
pounds, it  is  reported,  with  a  smaller  number  of  plastics  ingre- 
dients produced  for  use  within  the  company  itself. 


Resin  Industries,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif.,  has  reported  that 
F.  M.  Nicholas  Co.,  1123  Harrison  St.,  San  Francisco,  has  been 
appointed  authorized  representative  in  northern  California  and 
western  Nevada  for  the  company's  line  of  Kesinite  flexible  plas- 
tics tubing,  tape  and  sheet  materials. 


The  Army-Navy  "E"  Award  for  high  production  <>f  mate- 
rial has  been  conferred  upon  employees  of  the  New  Rochelle, 
N.  Y.,  and  the  Algoma,  \Vis ,  plants  of  United  States  Plywood 
Corp.,  it  was  recently  announced. 


Kinkead  Industries,  Inc.,  Chicago,  III.,  advises  of  the  new 
location  of  the  company's  offices,  which  are  now  at  450  West 
Superior  St. 


Now  atailatle  m 
beautiful  color! 
for 


There  it  only  one  flattie 
-CF.LLO- PLASTIC. 
Do  not  accept  uikaitutti. 


Brings  New  Colorful  Beauty  and  Durable  Protection  to 
FLOORS  *  WOODWORK  *  WALLS  *  EXTERIORS 


Plastic  is  now  prepared  in 
liquid  paint  form  for  use  in 
home,  office,  store  and  factory. 
This  has  come  about  through 
the  formulation  of  synthetic 
resins  with  specially  processed 


oils  combined  with  the  finest 
paint  pigments.  A  Cello-Plastic 
product  is  available  for  almost 
any  type  of  finish  or  surface. 
Does  not  chip  or  crack! 


BRILLIANT*  SMOOTH  *  TOUGH  *  DURABLE 

rf\n    E|  OODC  Cello-Plastic  (transparent)  ii  i  Mm-JtH  pUitic 
rWH   rLVSVSlO  finish  for  all  types  of  floor*.  Outwears  wax 

20O  to  1.  This  amazing  new  treatment  «i»es  floors  a  "cellophane-like"  Plastic 

finish.  Eliminates  pores  that  absorb  dirt,  thus  making  floors  easy  to  clean. 

Ideal  for  all  surfaces  including  wood,  concrete,  linoleum,  asphalt,  tile,  rubber. 

composition,  etc.  Elimhutttt  waxing  and  Jjoliihint.  Unexcelled  for  marine  use. 

Ev  T  C  D  I  4*^  D  Th''  <nodera  fini'h  "  *  sererely  tested  product 
W  I  E  K  I  \J  K  that  surpasses  old  fashioned  type  house  paints. 
Picmented  with  Titanium  Dioxide,  the  whitest  and  best  covering  pigment, 
combined  with  kettle  processed  linseed  oils  and  plastic  resins,  it  makes  a  rich, 
colorful,  lasting  coating.  Makes  homes  and  buildings  outstanding.  For  use  on 
wood,  stucco,  brick  or  shingle. 

Isvj  T  C  D  I  rt  D    Brings  newglamour  into  homes— protects  floors 
PI   I   C  K  I  VS  K    woodwork,  furniture,  etc.,  with  its  long-lasting, 
"cellophane-like"  Plastic  finish.  Easy  to  apply— flows  smoothly— Iww  no 
brush  marks — self  leveling. 

Product  liability  underwritten  Ly  one  of  America  i 
largest  insurance  companies. 


CELLO-PLASTIC  CHEMICAL  CO, 

PARK   BLDG.,    PITTSBURGH   11,   PA. 


JUNE   194:> 


PLASTICS 


117 


Works  Wonders! 

Liquid  Plastic  Finish 
STAMIXITE 

SURFACE-NU 

S-P-E-E-D  D-R-Y 


CLEAR  PLASTIC  FINISH  FOR 
LINOLEUM  OR  WOOD  SURFACES 


Tough/  Beautiful!  Stainless!  Safe! 

SURFACE-NU     Is  a  clear,  S-P-E-E-D  D-R-T  colorless 

coating.  Easy  to  apply.  Brush,  spray, 
dip,  or  wipe  it  on.  It  can  be  applied  over  paint,  Tarnish,  lac- 
quer, shellac.  A  gallon  covers  1,000  square  feet  If  well  brushed 
out  on  a  smooth  surface. 

SURFACE-NU  's  alkali  and  acid  proof!  Caustic  soaps, 
uric  acid,  and  other  acids  and  alkalis 
normally  met  with  will  not  affect  it  one  bit.  Ink  will  not  stain 
It.  Hot  kettles  and  pans  leave  no  rings.  Spilled  drinks  do  not 
whiten  it. 

SURFACE-NU     ls  safe.    Although  it  has  a  hard,  tough, 
glossy  finish  it  can  be  walked  on  with 
safety.    It  is  definitely  slip  resistant. 

SURFACE-NU     is  eas?  *°  keeP  clean.    Dirt  and  stains 
do  not  penetrate  its  hard,  glossy  surface. 
Soil  is  removed  by  a  simple  damp  mopping. 

IDEAL  FOR  ALL  SURFACES 

WOOD  CONCRETE  BOWLING  ALLEYS 

INLAID  LINOLEUM        DANCE  FLOORS  BAR   TOPS 

CORK  GYMS 

Also   used   in   office   buildings,    department   stores, 
banks,    hospitals,   beauty   parlors,    hotels,   schools. 


!•••••»•••••••) 


Order  From  Nearest  Office: 

LIFETIME  PLASTICS,  INC. 

1744-11  CHAMPA  DENVER  2.  COLORADO 

STAMINITE  CORP. 

NEW  HAVEN  11,  CONNECTICUT 


(•••••••••n 


One  of  the  means  of  prevention  of  industrial  dermatitis, 
which  has  provided  a  major  industrial  problem  in  numerous 
factories  and  plants,  is  the  wearing  of  protective  clothing  by 
workers. 

Compar  clothing  for  this  purpose  is  described  as  having  many 
advantages,  such  as  light  weight,  long-wearing  qualities,  etc. 
Gloves,  aprons,  smocks,  sleeveguards,  caps,  "tie-arounds"  for 
the  head,  are  among  the  protective-clothing  items  fashioned 
from  this  transparent  vinyl  resin  substance  by  its  developer, 
Resistoflex  Corp.,  Belleville,  N.  J..  and  these  compar  garments 
have  been  found  to  be  completely  impervious  to  oil  and  all 
organic  solvents,  as  well  as  to  a  considerable  number  which  are 
inorganic,  according  to  report. 


Recent  information  indicates  that  the  present  potential  mar- 
ket for  plastics  products  in  Ecuador  is  small.  The  Journal  of 
International  Economy  reports  that  the  principal  demand  there 
for  these  products  is  in  the  field  of  tableware  and  kitchen  uten- 
sils; these  items  are  expensive  in  Ecuador,  and  the  possibility 
of  a  good  reception  for  a  low-priced  line  there  accordingly 
seems  encouraging  for  U.  S.  manufacturers  of  these  products 
for  the  export  trade. 

At  present,  the  principal  plastics  products  imported  by  Ecu- 
ador are  combs,  toys,  buttons,  and  tableware.  Before  the  war, 
the  main  suppliers  of  these  items  to  Ecuador  were  Germany  and 
Japan,  but  in  1939,  the  United  States'  percentage  began  to  in- 
crease, and  in  1941  and  1942  there  were  no  important  competi- 
tors to  the  United  States  in  this  regard.  In  1943,  however, 
Argentina,  Colombia,  ad  Mexico  entered  the  market,  and  the 
percentage  furnished  by  these  countries  is  increasing,  although 
the  U.  S.  still  leads,  according  to  the  report. 

There  is  no  production  in  Ecuador  which  uses  plastics  raw 
materials,  except  for  an  annual  consumption  of  approximately 
1200  Ibs  utilized  in  paints  and  varnishes,  and  the  few  companies 
which  use  natural  materials  find  native  products  less  expen- 
sive than  imported  plastics. 


Utilized  in  many  ways  by  our  armed  forces,  a  war-devel- 
oped luminous  tape  is  proving  itself  of  value  on  the  combat 
fronts.  It  is  being  used  by  American  soldiers  in  the  South 
Pacific  jungles  to  "blaze"  trails,  and  has  been  found  useful  in 
outlining  doors  and  cargo  hatches  of  ships  being  loaded  or  un- 
loaded at  night,  as  identification  marking  for  equipment,  and 
in  other  uses. 

This  luminous  tape,  which  can  be  produced  in  two  types, 
fluorescent  and  phosphorescent,  utilizes  Vitafilm,  a  vinyl  chloride 
film  originally  developed  by  the  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co. 
for  moisture-proof  packaging.  Supplied  by  Goodyear  to  Con- 
tinental Lithographing  Co.,  the  material  is  then  coated  on  one 
side  with  luminous  paint,  a  layer  of  adhesive,  backed  up  by 
Holland  cloth,  being  added  to  the  coated  side  of  the  film. 

When  the  luminous  tape  is  applied,  the  holland  cloth  is  stripped 
from  the  adhesive  side  which,  in  turn,  is  pressed  against  the 
object  which  is  to  be  outlined  or  identified.  The  luminous  ma- 
terial is  protected  by  the  Vitafilm  surface,  against  dirt,  mois- 
ture, or  vapor,  for  an  indefinite  period.  Numerous  important 
post-war  applications  are  predicted  for  this  product,  by  its 
makers. 


118 


Land  mines  which  cannot  be  detected  by  the  enemy  are 
made  possible  by  the  use  of  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.'s  Plio- 
bond adhesive,  according  to  information  recently  disclosed  by 
the  company,  stating,  with  permission  of  War  Department 
officials,  that  the  new  mines  are  entirely  non-metallic  and,  once 
in  place,  cannot  be  detected  by  conventional  mine-detectors  used 
by  the  enemy. 

The  non-metallic  mines  are  produced  with  Pliobond  in  several 
plants  in  this  country,  according  to  Herman  R.  Thies,  manager 
of  Goodyear's  plastics  and  chemicals  division.  The  construction 
of  the  mines  is  described  as  making  them  explodable  by  pressure 
at  the  top,  which  compresses  the  flexible  bellows  which  are  sealed 
to  porcelain  or  glass  parts  within  the  mines.  Until  development 
of  Pliobond,  said  Mr.  Thies,  the  flexible  bellows  were  sealed  to 
the  glass  or  porcelain  with  a  cement  containing  natural  rubber, 
later  restricted  because  of  natural  rubber's  scarcity.  Pliobond, 
said  to  provide  a  watertight  and  flexible  bond  over  a  wide  range 
of  temperatures  from  — 70°  to  140°  F,  dries  quickly  and  can 
be  applied  by  several  methods. 

JUNE  1945 


James  L.  Rodgers,  Jr.,  general  manager  of  the  Plaskon  divi- 
sion, Libbey-Owens-Ford  Glass  Co.,  Toledo,  has  announced 
the  appointment  of  K.  D.  Meiser  as  production  superintendent 
in  charge  of  the  company's  plants  in  Toledo  and  in  Grasselli, 
N.  J.,  and  of  A.  W.  Kassay  as  assistant  production  superin- 
tendent at  the  Toledo  plant. 

*  *    * 

Karl  H.  Runkle,  manager,  Industrial  Divisions  of  General 
Electric  Co.,  Schenectady,  has  announced  the  following  appoint- 
ments :  J.  J.  Huether,  assistant  manager  of  the  Industrial  Divi- 
sions, and  W.  A.  Wirene,  manager  of  the  Industrial  Materials 
Division. 

*  *    * 

Recently  announced  by  H.  Gordon  Smith,  general  manager 
of  the  textile  division,  United  States  Rubber  Co.,  is  the  promo- 
tion of  R.  C.  Harrington  to  the  position  of  technical  director 
in  charge  of  development,  engineering,  quality  control,  purchas- 
ing, and  technical  contacts  with  the  trade. 

*  *    * 

National  Starch  Products.  Inc.,  N'ew  York  City,  has  an- 
nounced the  appointment  of  Stanley  E.  MacDonald  as  comp- 
troller of  the  company. 

*  *    * 

J.  A.  Proven,  vice  president  and  general  sales  manager  of 
Sterling  Tool  Products  Co.,  Chicago,  has  announced  the  appoint- 
ment of  J.  M.  Wamimont  to  the  position  of  assistant  sales  and 
advertising  manager  of  the  company. 


Recent  announcement  from  Standard  Products  Co.,  Detroit, 
advises  that  D.  R.  Stamy,  who  is  in  charge  of  research  and 
development  for  the  company,  has  been  made  manager  of  the 
sales  department,  with  the  title  of  Vice-president  and  General 
Sales  manager. 

*    *    * 

The  appointment  of  Frank  C.  Williams  as  director  of  sales 
of  yimlitt  has  been  announced  by  Celanese  Plastics  Corp.,  a 
division  of  Celanese  Corp.  of  America. 


F.  C.  Williams 


C.  P.  Peselc 


W.  A.  Thomai 


R.  P.  Carlton,  vice  president  in  charge  of  manufacturing, 
Minnesota  Mining  &  Mfg.  Co.,  St.  Paul,  has  announced  the 
appointment  of  C.  P.  Pesek  as  administrator  of  engineering. 
W.  A.  Thomas,  assistant  chief  engineer,  has  been  made  engi- 
neering consultant  on  Mr.  Pesek's  staff. 
*  *  * 

J.  B.  Henshaw  has  been  appointed  general  export  manager  of 
the  Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Co.,  according  to  recent  announce- 
ment by  H.  B.  Higgins,  president  of  the  company. 
*    *    * 

H.  K.  Porter  Co.,  Inc.,  advises  of  the  appointment  of  J.  C. 
Hamilton  as  service  engineer  for  Quimby  pumps  and  Fort  Pitt 


' 

BOUGHT  -  SOLD 
or  RECLAIMED  for  you.' 


ACTIVE  IN  THE 
PLASTIC  FIELD 
for  22  YEARS 


A  complete  converting  service! 
It  will  pay  you  to  investigate  our 
facilities  for  reworking  your  scrap. 

CELLULOSE  ACETATE  — CELLULOSE  BUTYRATE 
STYRENE  VINYL  AND  ACRYLIC  RESINS 


A   Dependable  Source  of  Supply   lor  re-worked  Ce//u/ose  Acefofe 
ond  Ce//u/ose  Bufyrofe  molding  powders 

GERING  PRODUCTS  INC. 


North  Seventh  St.  &  Monroe  Ave.,  KENILWORTH,  N.  J. 
JUNE  194:>  f'l.   t  s  I  If   x 


Chicago  Office:  622  W.  Monroe  St. 

119 


AKKUW 
FOR 

NJECTION 
MOLDING 


ARROW 
PLASTICS 

COMPANY 

•k 

PASSAIC 
NEW  JERSEY 


too* 


"YOUR  PLASTICS  DRILLING,  TAPPING 
JOBS  DESERVE  THE  CARE  OF  EXPERTS 

.  .  .  Be  sure  your  parts  and  inserts  fit. 
Have  yours  done  by  my  helpers." 


'•r  rs/j 


CORPORATIC 

4034   N.  KOIMAR     *    CHICAGO  41,  ILL. 


steel  castings,  in  Chicago  and  surrounding  territories,  with  head- 
quarters in  Chicago. 

*  *    * 

The  board  of  directors  of  Plastic  Engineering,  Inc.,  Cleveland, 
has  made  announcement  of  the  death,  on  April  14,  of  Harold 
M.  Bowman,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  company. 

*  *     * 

W.  J.  Simpson  has  joined  the  staff  of  Chrysler  Engineering 
Corp.,  where  his  work  will  be  in  the  company's  rubber  and 
plastics  laboratories. 

*  *     * 

Towmotor  Corp.,  Cleveland,  O.,  has  advised  of  the  appoint- 
ment of  Ray  E.  Madden  as  district  sales  and  service  represen- 
tative for  the  Chicago  area;  Frank  Colker  and  Thomas  F. 
Maloney  have  been  appointed  district  sales  respresentatives  for 
the  Detroit  area. 

*  *    * 

Allen  L.  Malone,  general  manager  of  research,  Continental 
Can  Co.,  Inc.,  has  announced  the  appointment  of  S.  L.  Flugge, 
formerly  manager  of  manufacturing  research  for  the  company, 
to  the  post  of  director  of  container  research. 

*  *    * 

The  Hydraulic  Press  Mfg.  Co.,  of  New  York  and  Mt.  Gilead, 
O.,  has  announced  the  election  of  Col.  H.  A.  Toulmin,  Jr.,  as 
president,  and  chairman  of  the  board.  Howard  F.  MacMillin, 
former  president,  has  been  elected  president  of  H-P-M  De- 
velopment Corp.,  a  subsidiary,  and  will  devote  his  attention  to 
its  research  work. 


H.   A.  Toulmin 


R.  A.  Highland 


L.  E.  Welch 


Robert  A.  Highland  has  been  appointed  assistant  sales  man- 
ager of  W.  C.  Dillon  &  Co.,  Inc.,  Chicago.  In  his  new  capacity 
he  will  be  concerned  with  general  and  technical  sales  matters,  as 
well  as  export  problems,  for  the  company. 

*  *    * 

Announcement  has  been  made  by  W.  A.  Crowder,  president 
of  Industrial  Hard  Chromium  Corp.,  Newark,  N.  J.,  of  the 
appointment  of  L.  Earle  Welch  as  vice  president  of  the  com- 
pany, to  head  a  new  division  of  engineering  research  and  de- 
velopment in  the  application  of  hard  chromium  plating  to  molds 
and  tools  used  in  the  plastics  industry. 

*  *    * 

The  appointment  of  I.  G.  Stewart  to  the  post  of  manager  of 
the  new  San  Francisco  office  of  Pittsburgh  Plate  Glass  Com- 
pany's Columbia  Chemical  Division  has  been  announced  by 
W.  I.  Galliher,  executive  sales  manager  of  the  Division. 

*  *    * 

Announcement  has  been  received  that  Charles  G.  Schmitt, 
engineer,  has  been  appointed  sales  representative  for  Ziv  Steel 
&  Wire  Co.,  covering  the  New  York  area. 

*  *    * 

C.  E.  Mason  has  been  appointed  technical  director  of  the 
Bristol  Co.,  Waterbury,  Conn.,  according  to  announcement  by 
L.  G.  Bean,  vice  president  of  engineering  and  sales. 

*  *    * 

Charles  F.  Codrington  has  been  appointed  assistant  to  the 
manager,  and  A.  E.  Caudle  has  been  named  sales  manager,  of 
the  blower  and  compressor  department  of  Allis-Chalmers  Co., 
Milwaukee,  according  to  recent  announcement  by  John  Avery, 
manager  of  that  department. 

*     *     * 

Two  new  appointments  in  the  research  department  of  Hercules 
Powder  Co.,  Wilmington,  have  been  announced  by  Dr.  Emil  Ott, 
director  of  research  for  the  company.  They  are:  Dr.  Robert 
W.  Cairns,  assistant  director  of  research,  and  Dr.  Raymond  F. 
Schultz,  director  of  the  company's  Experiment  Station. 


120 


PLASTMCS 


JUNE  1945 


overseas 


By  KENNETH  R.  PORTER 

plattics'  London  Corr«pofld*nf 

Plastics  manufacturers  and  research  chemists  are  becoming 
increasingly  aware  that  up  until  now  only  the  fringe  of  future 
possibilities  has  been  touched  in  the  vast  reservoir  of  naturally 
occurring  raw  materials. 

Especially  in  Great  Britain — a  country  less  abundantly  en- 
dowed by  nature  with  potential  resources  of  basic  plastics  raw 
materials  than  the  U.S.A. — strenuous  efforts  are  at  present  be- 
ing made  to  develop  by  chemical  synthesis  substances  which 
hitherto  were  neglected  for  industrial  exploitation. 

The  extent  to  which  endeavors  to  enlarge  upon  the  raw  ma- 
terials, from  which  plastics  products  can  be  derived,  have  been 
pushed  in  this  country  can  be  gathered  from  the  recent  announce- 
ment of  the  discovery  of  a  fishwaste-extracted  resin,  by  a 
young  chemist  working  in  the  small  English  fishing  port  of 
Fleetwood. 

Basically,  it  appears,  this  new  resin  consists  of  a  backbone 
structure  of  fish  waste  reinforced  by  certain  organic  acids  and 
compounds  to  form,  after  polymerization,  a  material  which  can 
be  bent  like  rubber  and  cut  with  a  knife  before  being  submitted 
to  a  heat-and-pressure  treatment. 

Plastics  Homes 

The  considerable  progress  made  in  recent  years  in  the  produc- 
tion of  new  types  of  adhesives,  weather-resisting  ply-boards 
and  resin-bonded  sheet  materials  which  do  not  disintegrate  un- 
der the  action  of  water  or  frost,  is  reflected  in  the  part  these 
and  similar  materials  will  play  in  Britain's  postwar  reconstruc- 
tion period.  Already  the  post-war  planning  committee  of  the 
British  Plastics  Federation  has  issued  a  report  recommending 
that  a  large  proportion  of  the  145,000  temporary  houses,  which 
the  British  Government  plans  to  erect  immediately,  should  make 
use  of  plastics  materials  for  heating,  ventilation,  lighting,  plumb- 
ing, painting,  electrical,  gas  and  mechanical  installations,  in- 
ternal and  external  furnishing,  building  construction  and  other 
purposes  which  suggest  themselves. 

In  fact,  the  British  Power  Boat  Co.,  Ltd.,  has  already  per- 
fected a  system  of  house  construction  using  plastics  liberally 
for  internal  and  external  wall  surfaces,  as  well  as  structurally 
on  the  stressed-skin  principle. 

The  new  type  of  plastics-plywood  house  is  composed  of  pine, 
bonded  with  a  phenol  formaldehyde  resin  (which  has  a  sheer 
strength  of  1000  psi)  and  insulated  with  extruded  molten  glass 
wool  in  blanket  form. 

Its  cost  is  estimated  to  be  considerably  less  than  that  of  a 
house  of  similar  size  and  amenities  built  from  any  other  mate- 
rial. 

Recent  developments  in  the  manufacture  of  kitchen  units  have 
resulted  in  designs  that  promise  to  transform  British  kitchens 
from  places  of  drudgery  into  places  of  comfort. 

A  leading  manufacturer  intends  to  start  soon  on  large  produc- 
tion of  a  kitchen  unit  which  will  replace  ordinary  cupboards 
with  cabinets  of  transparent  drawers  through  which  housewives 
will  be  able  to  see  all  their  cooking  materials. 

A  firm  of  British  plastics  manufacturers,  specializing  in  build- 
ing materials,  has  brought  out  a  novel  spring-operated  door 
handle  of  vitreous  enamel  and  plastics,  which  they  claim  will  do 
away  with  bruised  knuckles  and  be  good  to  look  at  as  well  as 
firm  to  the  touch. 

French  Architecture  Exhibition  in  London 

All-plastics  prefabricated  houses  ranging  from  the  conven- 
tional "box"  type  to  futuristic  ten-story  buildings  were  recently 
on  view  at  an  exhibition  of  French  architecture,  held  at  the 
Institute  of  British  Architects  in  London. 

The  outstanding  feature  of  the  exhibition  was  the  claim  that 


THE   BORTMAN  COMPANY 

SPECIALIZES 
IN  COATED  FABRICS 


Working  as  we  do,  with  coated  fab- 
rics, we  meet  up  with  —  and  find 
solutions  for  —  the  various  prob- 
lems in  this  field. 

Naturally  our  experience  can  he 
translated  into  more  efficient  pro- 
duction processes,  finer  products... 
greater  satisfaction  for  the  user. 

What  we've  done  for  others,  we 
can  do  for  you. 

We  are  equipped  to  manufacture: 
waterproof  baby  pants,  crib  covers, 
bibs,  sanitary  goods  and  coated  fab- 
rics for  hospital  use,  shower  cur- 
tains, raincoats,  upholstery  fabrics, 
drapery  goods,  food  covers,  utility 
aprons,  shampoo  capes,  garment 
covers,  bathing  caps. 

BORTMAN   PLASTICS 


1«3  EIMX  Street  Bo. ton   11,  Mo.. 


JUNE  194.-> 


PLASTICS 


121 


LUGGAGE 
THAT  CAN 
TAKE  IT 


Sturdy  luggage  requires  just  such  a  material  as  SARAN 
BY  NATIONAL  ...  a  fabric  that  resists  wear,  shows  no 
signs  of  rough  treatment.  Clean  it  with  a  damp  cloth  and 
dirt,  grease,  soot — all  disappear  to  reveal  its  permanent 
colorful  beauty.  For  luggage  and  numerous  other  products  of 
this  type,  this  remarkable  plastic  offers  singular  advantages. 

Consult  National  today  and  learn  how 
SARAN  will  fit  into  your  future  plans. 


PLHSTIC/PRODUCTS 


OOfNTON.   MARYLAND 


Control  Skin  Irritations 

TARBONIS  cuts  absenteeism!  Dermatitis  due  to 
urea  and  phenol  formaldehyde  resins  and  pow- 
ders, in  addition  to  many  other  plastic  compounds, 
has  been  practically  eliminated  in  many  plants 
through  the  use  of  TARBONIS. 

Not  merely  a  protective,  TARBONIS  is  also 
effective  in  clearing  up  a  high  percentage  of  stub- 
born skin  conditions  encountered  in  industry. 
Easy  to  apply— nothing  to  remove.  Pleasant, 
odorless,  greaseless,  stainless. 
FREE:  a  good  sized  jar  of  TARBONIS  for  a 
test  in  your  own  plant.  A  manual  of  our  dis- 
pensing plan  and  an  attractive  booklet  on  sani- 
tation and  precaution  for  your  employees. 

THE    TARBONIS    COMPANY 

4300  EUCLID  AVE.,  Depl.  PL,  CLEVELAND  3,  OHIO 


even  the  largest  of  the  buildings  could  be  erected  in  less  than 
three  months  and  would  last  indefinitely. 

Swedish  furniture 

A  member  of  the  British  Electrical  Association,  recently  re- 
turned from  a  visit  to  Sweden,  reports  that  plastics-made  furni- 
ture, such  as  chairs,  sideboards  and  other  essential  pieces,  can 
be  seen  at  an  exhibition  of  modern  Swedish  furniture  in  Stock- 
holm. 

Plastics-wired  Bee/warmer 

A  British  scientist  has  devised  a  simple  bed-warmer  of  wired 
plastics,  measuring  3  ft  by  2  ft,  which  simplifies  the  tedious 
business  of  airing  mattresses,  blankets  and  sheets  and,  according 
to  the  inventor,  is  capable  of  converting  any  bed  into  a  warm 
cave  of  comfort  at  a  cost  of  about  one  half-penny  for  10  nights. 

Other  Plastics  Developments 

There  have  been  other  manifestations  of  progress  in  plastics 
besides  those  in  the  field  of  homes  and  home  appurtenances; 
several  war-time  applications,  such  as  those  listed  below,  have 
been  developed : 

Scientists  of  the  Royal  Navy  noticed,  early  in  World  War  II, 
that  shell  splinters  were  frequently  found  in  bitumen  used  on 
decks.  This  caused  them  to  develop  a  plastics  substance  which 
could  be  placed  around  gun  platforms  and  other  vulnerable 
parts  on  ships. 

For  security  reasons,  the  exact  nature  of  its  composition  is 
still  shrouded  in  secrecy,  but  it  can  be  stated  that,  weight  for 
weight,  this  plastics  armor  has  proved  more  protective  than  steel, 
and  offers  greater  resistance  to  a  bullet  than  do  bricks. 

*  *        * 

The  new  type  RAF  dinghies  which  are  now  being  issued  in- 
clude a  range  of  plastics  features  such  as  leak  plugs,  first-aid 
kit,  etc. 

The  highlight  of  the  new  outfit,  however,  is  a  waterproof 
plastics  cover  with  which  an  airman,  after  bailing  out,  can  avoid 
getting  any  wetter,  by  enclosing  himself  entirely  in  it. 

*  »        * 

It  has  been  disclosed  by  the  military  authorities  that  Allied 
doctors  and  first-aid  personnel  taking  part  in  airborne  raids  are 
now  equipped  with  special  outfits  containing  miniature-sized 
first-aid  equipment  enclosed  in  plastics  box  units  that  can  be 
strapped  to  any  part  of  the  body  by  the  aid  of  rubber  zip  fas- 
teners. 

*  *        * 

Jettisonable  long-range  plastics  fuel  tanks  fitted  to  British 
fighter  aircraft  are  beld  in  place  by  specially  designed  trans- 
parent plastics  racks  attached  closely  to  the  underside  of  the 
wings  to  lessen  parasitic  drag. 

"Schnorkels"  and  Mines 

Nor  was  Germany  neglecting  the  possibilities  of  plastics,  as 
evidenced  by  the  items  which  were  found  on  German  prisoners 
just  before  the  end  of  the  war,  and  by  such  examples  as  the 
following : 

One  of  the  latest  examples  of  German  inventiveness  in  the 
field  of  submarine  warfare,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  war, 
was  the  "Schnorkel,"  which  supplied  fresh  air  to  U-boat-crews 
during  submergence,  and  consisted  of  2  water-tight,  plastics- 
encased  tubes  for  the  admission  and  exhaust  of  air. 

*  *        * 

A  new  type  of  mine,  made  entirely  of  plastics,  which  ex- 
ploded when  pressure  was  exerted  on  us  top,  was  encountered 
by  Allied  troops  on  the  Italian  front  just  prior  to  the  end  of 
warfare  there. 

Plastics  Ships 

The  British  shipbuilding  and  marine  engineering  industry  is 
now  engaged  in  investigating  the  possibilities  of  plastics  for 
post-war  use  in  building  colliers  and  coastal  vessels. 

According-  to  preliminary  reports,  coal,  grain  and  timber- 
carrying  coastal  traffic  will  probably  employ  vessels  made  of 
prefabricated  sections  in  which  plastics  component  parts  will  be 
predominant.  END 


122 


plastics 


PROB 


Problems  and  questions  may  be  submitted  to 
this  department  for  answering  by  the  techni- 
cal editors  or  specialists  in  the  industry. 

Is  there  an  acid-proof  pipe  available  in  plastics  which  can 
withstand  pressures  up  to  300  psi  ? 

D.  C.  M..  San  Francisco.  Calif. 

Thf  shortage  of  metal  pipe  for  industrial  plants  has 
resulted  in  the  development  of  plastics  piping  which 
has  proven  to  be  as  good  or  better  than  the  metal  which 
it  replaces.  One  such  pipe  is  molded  of  "Saran."  Ac- 
cording to  the  producers  of  this  material,  Doiv  Chemi- 
cal Company  of  Midland,  Michigan,  it  resists  abrasion, 
corrosion,  oils,  chemicals  and  moisture. 

*  *     * 

Can  you  give  us  some  sources  of  supply  for  plastics  picture 
frames?  P.  A.,  Portland,  Ore. 

Among  the  manufacturers  of  picture  frames  located 
in  your  vicinity  are:  American  Extruded  Products, 
1001  N.  La  Brea  Ave.,  Hollywood,  Calif.;  National 
Bronze  Studios,  822  S.  Central  Ave.,  Los  Angeles; 
Plastic  Creations  of  Hollyivood,  410  E.  Third  St.,  Los 
Angeles. 

*  *    * 

Is  there  a  plastics  that  is  adaptable  for  blackboard  use  in 
public  schools?  H.  L,  P.,  Pen  Argyle,  Pa. 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  of  experimenting  done 
along  these  lines,  but  as  far  as  we  know,  to  date  a  plas- 
tics has  not  been  developed  which  can  be  satisfactorily 
used  as  a  blackboard.  Major  faults  are  that  plastics 
blackboards  are  difficult  to  write  on,  and  they  do  not 
erase  cleanly. 

*  »    * 

Where  can  we  market  scrap  methacrylate  shavings  and  saw- 
dust? R.  C.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 

The  following  companies  specialise  in  reclaiming 
methacrylates,  and  could  probably  be  of  help  to  you: 
American  Cellulose  Co.,  1030  S.  White  River  Park- 
way, Indianapolis;  Michigan  Scrap  Iron  Sr  Metal  Co., 
15S1  Caniff  Ave.,  Detroit;  Plasti  Mode  Novelty  Co., 
131  W.  28th  St.,  New  York;  Pacific  Reclamations,  4617 
W.  Washington  Blvd.,  Los  Angeles. 

*  *    * 

We  have  been  operating  18-cavity  molds  to  produce  450,000 
plastics  clothes  pins  per  week.  The  demand  for  our  product  has 
far  exceeded  this  capacity  and  we  are  going  to  increase  our 
production.  Would  it  be  more  practical  to  mold  these  pins  in 
18-  or  20-cavity  molds  for  6-  or  8-oz  machines,  than  in  40-cavity 
molds  for  16-oz  machines?  W.  W.  C.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

In  our  opinion,  the  40-cavity-16-oa  machine  would 
show  a  lower  production  cost  on  your  volume. 

*  *    * 

We  are  interested  in  placing  an  order  for  plastics  crucifixes. 
Can  you  furnish  us  with  the  names  of  several  manufacturers 
of  this  item?  R.  J.  2.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Religious  articles  of  plastics  material  are  made  by  the 
following  firms:  Barwood  Products  Co.,  1745  N.  Bos- 
worth  Ave.,  Chicago;  Electroforming  Company,  112 
W.  Capitol,  Hortland,  Wit.;  H.  Jamison.  71  E.  Sunrise 
Highway,  Freefort.  L.  I..  Ar.  )'. 


To  the 

NOVELTY 

PRODUCTS 

MANUFACTURERS 

If  and  when  restricted 
metals  become  available 

COHAN-EPNER  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

Will  be  ready  to  serve 
your  requirements  with 
a  complete  MODERN 
PLANT  and  unequalled 
volume  production  fa- 
cilities for  ELECTRO- 
PLATING . .  . 

BUTTONS 

COSTUME 

JEWELRY 

NOVELTIES  etc. 

Our  forty  years  of  ex- 
ceptional experience  of 
fine  GOLD  and  SILVER 
JEWELRY  FINISHING 
will  bring  new  brilliance 
and  high  standards  to 
your  products  .  .  . 

COHAN-EPNER  CO. 

INCORPORATED 

142  West  14th  St. 

New  York  11,  N.  Y. 

CHelsea  3-341 1 


JUNE  1945 


PLASTICS 


123 


"Stop  that  preheating  and 
molding  cycle  guesswork — 
Install  RELIANCE  TIMERS 
and  turn  out  the  best  work." 


Listed  by  Underwriters  Labora- 
tories for  10  amperes  at  125  volts 
and  S  amperes  at  250  volts.  Twenty- 
one  types  are  available  to  cover 
practically  any  timing  requirement. 


An  extremely  ac- 
curate motor-driven 
electrical  timer,  spe- 
cially suited  to  plas- 
tic molding  opera- 
tions. You  simply  let 
the  timing  hand  for 
the  time  interval  de- 
sired and  the  timer 
will  make  (or  break) 
the  electrical  circuit 
at  the  end  ef  the 
period  it  ii  tat  for. 
The  low  price  will 
surprise  you. 


DIANA  Clack 

605  W.  WASHINGTON  BLVD. 

CHICAGO 


Call 

you  tteed 

PLASTIC  PARTS 

Our  molded  plastic  parts  are  pro- 
duced in  a  modern  factory  under 
conditions  which  assure  the  high- 
est quality  work. 

Manufacturers  of  electrical  prod- 
ucts and  others  will  find  in  us  the 
answer  to  their  plastic  parts  pro- 
duction problem. 

Contact  us  on  your  small  or  large 
jobs  which  require  precision,  uni- 
formity and  speed  in  delivery. 

ALBERT  ZOLLINGER 

PLASTICS  PRODUCTS 
1245  Warren  Avenue  Downers  Grave,  Illinois 


Plastics  Industrial  Tools 

(Continued  from  page  44) 


ports  being  made  on  production  various  runs. 

POWER  BRAKE  DIES:  Power  brake  dies  are  among  the 
newest  in  plastics  tooling  trends.  It  is  proving  convenient 
to  cast  certain  power  brake  dies  of  plastics  materials,  the 
die  half  being  made  of  Plastalloy  No.  9,  and  the  punch  of 
Toolite  No.  III.  Due  to  the  elasticity  of  the  thermoplastic 
die  material  it  is  unnecessary  to  allow  for  metal  thick- 
ness and  the  extra  stretch  caused  by  this  minimizes  spring- 
back.  Although  these  dies  are  still  in  an  experimental  stage 
the  possibilities  thus  far  shown  are  well  worth  investigating. 

CAMS  :  Numerous  tests  are  now  in  progress  using  Toolite 
No.  Ill  for  cam  wheels  on  Brown  &  Sharpe  automatic 
screw  machines.  The  cost  in  man-hours  and  material  saved 
is  approximately  one-third  of  that  required  to  make  the 
same  cam  from  steel. 

These  blocks  are  especially  convenient  where  the  num- 
ber of  parts  required  is  below  200,  the  excessive  cost  of 
steel  cams  making  them  impractical  for  small  shop  runs. 

Due  to  this  fact  most  orders  calling  for  200  or  less  parts 
are  run  on  hand  mills. 

DRILL  GATES  :  Laminated  drill  gates  and  nesting  fixtures 
are  now  being  used  and  the  ease,  speed,  and  accuracy  with 
which  they  may  be  produced  is  almost  unbelievable.  With 
the  use  of  the  proper  coating  materials  it  is  possible  to 
locate  drill  bushings  before  laminating.  This  method  has 
proven  successful  because  of  reduction  of  errors  and  man- 
hours  saved. 

STRETCH  PRESS  :  The  recent  increase  in  the  use  of  Toolite 
No.  Ill  for  stretch  press  dies  is  most  significant.  Excep- 
tional progress  has  been  made  at  the  Consolidated  Yultee 
plant  in  Fort  Worth,  where  dies  as  large  as  1300  pounds 
have  been  poured  and  are  now  in  use  on  production  runs. 
Parts  from  these  dies  are  consistent  in  shape  and  show 
no  surface  marks,  a  fact  credited  to  the  great  strength 
and  polished  surface  of  the  plastics. 

ACID  TANKS:  Several  months  ago  various  large  plants 
were  experiencing  trouble  with  tanks  and  containers  hold- 
ing acid  solutions.  Every  material  that  was  investigated 
lasted  only  a  short  period  and  then  had  to  be  replaced. 
Then,  heads  of  the  plastics  section  at  Consolidated  Vultee 
plant  decided  to  make  an  experimental  acid  tank,  using 
Toolite  No.  Ill  for  the  walls.  The  first  experimental  tank 
is  still  in  use  and  is  showing  no  sign  of  wear. 

Methods  of  Application 

In  using  Toolite  No.  Ill,  it  is  recommended  that  the  only 
mold  coating  utilized  is  a  polyvinyl  plastics  called  Tygon. 
This  coating  may  be  brushed  or  sprayed  on  the  molds. 
Several  coats  should  be  used  and  care  must  be  taken  to 
make  them  as  smooth  as  possible.  After  the  coating  is 
thoroughly  dry  the  surface  should  be  waxed  with  any  good 
parting  wax. 

It  is  necessary  when  mixing  this  material  to  scrape  the 
sides  of  the  mixing  bowl  several  times  to  make  certain  that 
all  of  the  catalyst  is  thoroughly  stirred. 

Measuring  the  catalyst  is  of  utmost  importance,  and  the 
catalyst  content  is  dependent  upon  the  volume  of  the  cast- 
ing. It  is  important  that  the  scales  used  for  measuring 
are  accurate.  A  complete  chart  regarding  the  percentage 
of  catalyst  to  be  used  may  be  had  from  the  Adhere  Corp. 

Curing  the  Costing 

Procedure  for  the  curing  of  Toolite  No.  Ill  castings  is 
as  follows:  Castings  should  be  left  at  room  temperature 
for  a  period  of  from  8  to  24  hours  depending  upon  the  size 


124 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


of  the  casting.  It  should  then  be  placed  in  an  oven  at 
150°  F  (—5°),  with  the  cure  continuing  from  12  to  18 
hours.  Strict  adherence  to  this  procedure  will  give  uniform 
and  ilinicn-.ion.illy  stable  castings. 

A  material  with  as  many  uses  as  Toolile  No.  Ill  has 
proven  to  have,  plus  its  low  cost  and  time-saving  factors 
-hoiild  find  its  way  into  most  plants  throughout  the  nation 

Laminate  plastics  are  also  becoming  more  prominent  in 
the  tooling  field.  The  material  used  for  this  process  al 
Douglas  is  "Plicnocast,"  a  phenolic  casting  resin  producec 
by  the  Nobel  Resins  Company.  These  laminates  offer 
time  and  material  savings  in  the  fabrication  of  trim,  drili 
and  assembly  jigs.  By  their  use  low-cost,  light-weight 
tools  may  be  produced  on  short  notice,  and  at  a  minimum 
of  man-hours. 

Production  Simple 

Procedure  for  the  production  of  these  tools  is  simple. 
All  of  the  laminates  are  made  from  master  plaster  patterns 
or  tool  master  plaster  patterns.  It  is  first  necessary  to 
scribe  all  trim  lines  with  indelible  pencil,  thus  making 
certain  that  all  lines  are  transferred  accurately.  A  well 
braced  plaster  shell  is  then  lifted  from  the  master  and 
coated  with  three  or  more  coats  of  Tygon  lacquer.  After 
the  Tygon  has  thoroughly  dried  (2  to  3  hours),  the  shell 
is  ready  for  plastics  application.  Next  step  is  to  mix  a 
viscous  mastic  consisting  of  phenolic  resin,  catalyst  and 
ground  asbestos,  the  amount  of  which  is  determined  by 
the  surface  to  be  covered.  This  mixture  is  used  to  prevent 
surface  porosity. 

After  the  mastic  has  been  applied  and  smoothed  the  mold 
is  ready  for  the  glass  cloth  laminates,  which  are  built  tip 
in  layers  and  impregnated  with  Phenocast,  the  number  of 
layers  determining  the  thickness  of  the  completed  tool. 
When  the  desired  number  of  laminates  have  been  placed 
in  position  the  tool  is  ready  for  curing.  This  is  done  in 
a  hot  air  oven  at  200°F  for  six  hours.  The  long  life  of 
this  material  is  proven  by  the  fact  that  some  of  the  router 
jigs  have  had  as  many  as  1500  parts  run  on  them,  and 
are  still  good  for  many  more  months  of  service.  Due  to 
the  low  cost  of  laminated  tools  it  is  often  convenient  to 
make  duplicate  tools  with  common  coordination  points,  thus 
a  Trimming  Department,  Forming  Department  and  Weld- 
ing Department  may  all  be  working  on  the  same  job  at 
one  time.  In  this  manner  many  hours  that  would  normally 
be  spent  in  moving  tooling  are  saved,  and  because  the 
tooling  points  are  closely  coordinated  it  is  possible  to  hold 
to  a  given  tolerance  with  little  difficulty. 

In  the  post-war  world  plastics  laminates  may  find  appli- 
cation commercially  in  the  form  of  boats,  paddle  boards, 
pre-fabricated  houses,  and  many  other  articles  yet  to  be 
engineered.  END 


Low-Pressure  Molding 

(Continued  from  page  54) 


quency,  it  is  necessary  to  choose  a  resin  with  a  rather  high 
loss  factor.  In  many  cases  this  may  be  altered  by  the  type 
of  catalyst  used  in  cold-setting  type  of  resin.  Certain  addi- 
tives, such  as  several  conductive  blacks,  are  unsatisfactory 
electrically  for  mixture  to  a  resin,  because  of  their  tendency 
to  decrease  in  resistance  as  the  resin  dries  out.  This  fa- 
vors the  formation  of  preferential  heating  paths  across  the 
glue  line  and  may  even  result  in  arcing  across  the  glue  line. 
In  adding  conductive  compounds  to  resins,  a  number  of 
rather  self-evident  precautions  must  be  observed.  Of  course 
the  additive  must  be  compatible  with  the  resin.  It  must 
not  change  the  characteristics  of  the  set  resin  film.  It 


Rapid 

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Cabinet  inclosed. 


TO  YOUR  PROBLEM 

The  secret  of  success  in  plastics  is  in  knowing 
the  right  plastic  to  use  for  the  job  at  hand. 
Many  items  are  practical  to  make  in  plastics 
for  those  who  have  the  "know  how."  •  Your 
work  al  Magnetic  Plastics  is  custom  moulded 
from  plastics  best  suited  for  the  job.  •  Ask 
us  to  help  you  see  what  plastics  can  do  in 
your  business.  Just  send  photo,  sample  or 
specifications,  and  we'll  tell  you  quickly 
if  it  can  be  made  in  moulded  plastics. 


THE  MAGNETIC  PLASTICS  CO. 

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JUNE  1945 


PLASTtCS 


125 


MOLDED 

TERMINAL 
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WITH    HARDWARE 

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2  Types:  HAS   17  and  NAS   18.  Prompt  deliveries. 


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YEARS    OF    PL4ST/C    MOLDING    fXPERIENC 


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must  not  change  the  polymerization  cycle  of  the  resin.  It 
must  not  be  widely  different  in  pH  from  the  resin. 

In  conductive  heating,  the  best  resins  to  use  are  the  cold- 
setting  type.  Because  of  the  relative  coolness  of  the  wood 
with  respect  to  the  resin  film,  in  addition  to  the  small  thermal 
inertia  of  the  glue  film  and  the  ideal  heat  transmission  area 
of  interface,  there  is  difficulty  in  raising  the  temperature 
above  250°  F  without  raising  the  voltage  across  the  work 
to  such  a  figure  as  to  permit  heating  the  wood  by  the  capaci- 
tance method.  If  cold-setting  resins  with  a  fairly  high 
loss  factor  are  used,  the  temperature  may  be  raised  to  200- 
220°  F  in  about  20-30  sec,  and  a  temperature  in  excess  of 
150°  F  is  held  for  8-10  min  with  the  use  of  a  rather  low 
power  oscillator.  Heating  may  be  discontinued  after  the 
glue  is  one-quarter  polymerized,  as  the  resistance,  even  to 
radio  frequency  current,  is  practically  infinite.  The  heat 
stored  in  the  glue  film  and  surrounding  wood  assure  an 
elevated  temperature  for  enough  time  to  produce  100% 
wood  failure  on  soft  and  medium  hard  woods  immediately 
on  extraction,  and  on  dry,  soaked  and  aged  shear  tests  for 
any  time  thereafter. 

There  is  an  optimum  width  of  glue  line  that  can  be  heated 
in  this  manner.  As  the  width  increases,  the  amount  of 
applied  voltage  necessary  increases  tremendously.  This 
optimum  for  most  glues  and  for  a  small  1000-w  oscillator  is 
about  1.5-2". 

This  paper  discusses  only  the  uses  of  radio  frequency 
dielectric  heating  in  gluing  wood  and  wood  veneer.  This, 
however,  is  far  from  the  entire  picture  of  this  essential  in- 
dustry. The  method  has  many  more  applications,  such  as 
the  setting  of  resins  in  other  types  of  laminates,  heating 
preforms  for  compression  molding,  drying  of  textiles  and 
lumber,  spot  glueing  of  resin  films  in  the  manufacture  of 
plywood,  vulcanization  of  thick  rubber  sections,  and  for 
very  high  frequencies,  in  the  "serving"  of  plastics  films.  END 


Flamm ability  of  Materials 

(Continued  from  page  60) 


herent  properties  of  the  particular  resin,  type  of  filler,  mold- 
ing technique,  etc.,  are  sufficiently  divergent  and  can  be 
determined  with  sufficient  accuracy  to  permit  the  establish- 
ment of  limits  of  flammability  on  this  basis. 

Samples  of  laminated  glass-fabric-base  melamine  resin 
material  and  molded  ebony  asbestos-board  (asbestos  filler 
with  asphaltic  bitumen  resin)  were  tested  subsequent  to 
the  preparation  of  the  paper.  The  melamine  resin  plastics 
did  not  ignite  after  500  sec  exposure  to  test  conditions. 
It  was  not  distorted  except  for  slight  delamination  be- 
tween glass  layers  and  the  reduction  in  flexural  strength 
amounted  to  65%.  The  asbestos  board  had  an  average 
ignition  time  of  154  sec.  (ignition  temperature  450°  C) 
and  a  burning  time  of  77  sec.  It  was  not  distorted  by  burn- 
ing and  reduction  in  flexural  strength  was  65%.  END 


The  authors  wish  to  acknowledge  assistance  rendered  in  the  preparation  of 
the  paper  by  R.  R.  Winans.  supervisor  of  the  Electrical  Insulation  Section  of 
the  Material  Laboratory  H.  K.  Graves,  for  assistance  in  adaptation  of  the 
test  equipment;  G.  Barsky,  Lt.  Comdr.,  USNR;  R.  Slater,  U..  USNR;  and  G. 
Lubin  for  their  valuable  suggestions;  and  N.  Riehl,  who  assisted  in  the 
collection  of  data. 


References 

1  The  opinions  or  assertions  contained  herein  are  the  private  ones  of  the 
authors  and  are  not  to  be  construed  as  official  or  reflecting  the  views  of  the 
Navy  Department  or  the  Naval  service  at  large.  This  article  is  based  on  a 
recent  report  made  by  the  authors  to  the  American  Society  for  Testing  Ma- 

J  1944  Book  of  A.S.T.M.  Standards,  Part  III. 

*  Report  of  Section   on    Flammability  of  Subcommittee   III,  A.S.T.M.  Com- 
mittee D-20;  dated  February  24,   1943. 

4  Tentative   Method   of  Test  for   Flammability  of  Plastics,   Self-Extinguishing 
Type   JD  757-44  T),   1944  Book  of  A.S.T.M.  Standards,   Part  III. 

5  Bureau  of  Ships  Specification   I5CI;  Cables,  Electric,  Insulated  Shipboard 
Use. 

•  Federal   Specification    L-P-404a;   Plastics,   Organic:   General   Specifications. 
Test    Methods. 


126 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


Plastics  Chemistry 

(Continued  from  page  68) 


date,  have  been  too  soft  to  be  of  value  as  plastics,  although 
they  find  some  application  as  coating  materials. 

Polymethyl  methacrylate  is  crystal  clear  with  refractive 
index,  1.49,  practically  the  same  as  glass,  so  it  is  used  to 
some  extent  in  places  where  its  ease  of  fabrication  ami 
non-shatterability  compensate  for  its  comparatively  soft, 
somewhat  easily  marred  surface.  Noses,  turrets  and  "blis- 
ters" on  airplanes,  contact  lenses,  surgical  instruments  and 
decorative  lighting  fixtures  in  which  light  is  bent  or  "piped" 
from  a  source  through  the  plastics,  are  examples  of  its  use. 
(See  also  Merchandising  Plastics,  in  this  issue.)  It  is  not 
discolored  by  exposure  to  sunlight  and  filters  out  less  ultra- 
violet light  than  does  glass.  It  is  permanently  fusible  and 
soluble,  e.g.,  thermoplastic,  which  makes  possible  the  form- 
ing of  bomber  noses  from  sheets  and  fabrication  by  in- 
jection molding  and  extrusion. 

The  polymerization  is  more  easily  controlled  than  that 
of  many  other  vinyls,  so  considerable  material  is  fabricated 
by  "casting,"  i.e.,  pouring  the  liquid  monomer  into  open 
molds  and  polymerizing  it  there  to  the  solid  polymer. 
Sheets,  from  which  airplane  enclosures  are  formed,  are 
cast  to  insure  best  optical  properties.  Dentures  are  cast 
from  a  mixture  of  powdered  polymer  and  liquid  monomer 
and  the  technique  makes  possible  the  preservation  of  bio- 
logical specimens,  provided  these  can  be  completely  freed 
from  moisture. 

ALLYL  ESTER  POLYMERS:  The  alcohol  of  the  series  in 
which  the'  acid  is  acrylic,  i.e.,  the  compound  having 
— CH2OH  instead  of  the  acid  group,  is  called  allyl  alcohol. 
An  ester  formed  by  the  reaction  of  two  allyl  alcohols  with 
an  acid  having  two  acid  groups,  such  as  phthalic  acid,  would 
have  a  structure  similar  to  that  of  diallyl  phthalate. 

Such  compounds  having  vinyl  groups  at  either  end  of  the 
molecule  would  be  expected  to  polymerize  linearly  and  at 
the  same  time  cross  link,  or  in  other  words,  polymerize 
three  dimensionally.  The  result  would  be  products  that  were 
infusible  and  insoluble;  non-thermoplastic  or  thcrmoset. 
This  is  the  theory  upon  which  these  interesting  resins  were 
developed  and  the  results  are  strictly  in  accordance  with 
theoretical  expectations,  an  excellent  example  of  develop- 
ment of  plastics  in  the  modern  way. 

The  product  was  first  called  Columbia  Resin  CR-39,  but 
as  more  resins  of  this  general  type  are  in  course  of  devel- 
opment, this  has  been  changed  to  allymer  resins  or  allymcrs. 
To  date,  they  have  been  used  as  casting  resins  and  as  binder 
for  laminated  material  only,  but  in  both  fields  the  results 
have  been  quite  promising. 

The  polymer  is  crystal  clear,  non-thermoplastic,  so  more 
dimensionally  stable  than  polymethyl  methacrylate  and  with 
a  little  better  scratch  resistant  surface.  Laminates  of  good 
appearance  and  properties  have  been  prepared  from  paper, 
textile  or  glass  fabric  impregnated  with  the  monomer  ami 
held  under  moderate  pressure  until  polymerization  is  com- 
plete. It  is  understood  all  present  production  is  going  into 
war  products,  so  conclusive  evaluation  of  the  polymers  and 
their  place  in  the  plastics  picture  will  have  to  await  the 
end  of  the  war. 

Summer/  and  Conclusions 

The  importance  of  copolymcrization  in  the  group  of 
polymers  is  to  be  noted.  Vinyl  chloride  and  vinyl  acetate 
alone  do  not  polymerize  to  produce  a  good  plastics  but  from 
mixtures  containing  5  to  10  percent  of  the  acetate,  good 
plastics  result  by  copolymcrization.  The  same  holds  true 
of  vinylidenc  chloride.  As  would  be  expected,  the  whole 


*/f(*t  rjc***+*w+* 

IN  GOLD,  SILVER  OR  COLORS 

_— \  _ 


WATERBURY  PLASTICS 

"Wtvtit 


\\  n  I  IK  DEFT.  S 
for   Information 


WATERBURY    COMPANIES.    INC. 

Formerly  Wottrbury   luff  on  Co.,  I»»-   HI? 
WATIRtUIY.    CONNICTICUT 


JI;NE  1945 


Pt.AKTtCS 


127 


^^ 

The  thermometer's  mercury  is  always 
fully  visible  to  tell  us  the  state  oi  the 
weather. 

The  most  complicated  mechanism  of  your 
product  becomes  clearly  visible  when 
viewed  as  a  TRANSPARENT  PLASTICS 
MODEL. 

Such  models  tell  their  story  without 
words,  saving  explanation  and  discus- 
sion, and  are  now  being  used  by  repre- 
sentative companies  in  practically  every 
branch  of  manufacturing. 

All  work  is  done  to  precise  specifications. 
INJECTION*  COMPRESSION 'TRANSFER    MOLDS 


STRICKER  BRIMHUHER  Co. 

•yn&chanifaL  (Develops**. 


WEST  24th  ST. 


NEW  YORK  10.  N.  Y. 


WAttiiil  f-01»l 


EARLY  SALES, 
GOOD  PROFITS 


R.E.C.  technicians  welcome  plastics  prob- 
lems. This  high-speed  machine  typifies  the 
equipment  ready  at  R.E.C.  to  expedite  output 
of  plastics  products  —  assisted  by  plastics 
experts  —  at  your  service. 

ADDRESS:    1258     HIGHLAND     STREET 


HOLLISTON,  MASS 


field  of  copolymerization  is  quite  actively  being  investi- 
gated at  present  and  new  plastics  with  improved  properties 
may  be  anticipated  as  the  result. 

It  is  also  of  interest  and  of  considerable  importance  to 
note  that  means  were  found  to  change  a  thermoplastic, 
poly  vinyl  butyral,  into  a  non-thermoplastic  material  after 
it  had  been  applied  to  fabric.  As  was  stated,  this  is  due  to 
the  development  of  cross  linkage  to  some  extent  between 
the  chain  molecules.  The  implications  of  this,  i.e.,  the 
changing  of  thermoplastics  to  non-thermoplastic  materials 
at  will,  are  so  important  that  other  thermoplastics  are  being 
investigated  for  possibilities  of  controlled  cross  linkage. 
The  development  of  a  polymethyl  methacrylate,  Lucite,  with 
a  considerably  higher  softening  point  may  be  due  to  par- 
tial cross  linkage,  or  to  longer  chains  in  the  polymer,  but 
it  is  another  indication  of  what  may  be  expected  in  this 
field. 

As  indicated,  the  length  of  the  chains  of  the  polymer 
have  a  marked  effect  upon  the  properties  of  the  plastics,  and 
this  is  carefully  controlled  so  as  to  insure  uniformity.  The 
longer  the  chain  length  of  the  polymer,  the  more  resistant 
to  heat  and  solvents  is  the  plastics.  In  general,  therefore, 
the  chain  length  is  as  long  as  consistent  with  good  working 
characteristics.  A  measure  of  this  chain  length  is,  ob- 
viously, the  number  of  monomers  comprising  it.  The  de- 
termination of  this  number  involves  the  determination  of 
the  molecular  weight,  i.e.,  the  sum  of  the  combining  weights 
of  all  elements  in  the  polymer  (this  is  done  by  well  known 
and  established  physical  measurements)  and  dividing  this 
by  the  sum  of  the  combining  weights  of  the  monomer.  By 
this  means  it  has  been  found  that  plastics  polymers  are  made 
up  of  500  to  1000  monomers,  for  an  average.  For  coating 
materials,  there  will  be  fewer  monomers  and  for  fibers, 
usually  more  than  1000. 

No  field  of  plastics  research  and  development  offers 
greater  scope  for  expansion  and  improvement  of  materials 
than  does  that  of  the  vinyls.  Of  the  vast  possible  number 
of  such  compounds  only  a  few  are  in  use  today,  yet  with 
these  has  been  developed  a  very  important  segment  of  the 
plastics  industry.  Even  with  these  few,  the  possibilities  of 
copolymerization  and  variation  in  chain  lengths  has  just 
begun  to  be  exploited  with  promising  results.  Further  im- 
portant developments  can  be  confidently  anticipated.  END 


Low-Cost  Resins 

(Continued  from  page  72) 


phenolics,  the  resins  do  not  lend  themselves  readily  to 
profitable  use  as  molding  powders.  However,  research  is 
now  under  way  to  make  from  the  resins  a  thermoplastic 
material  with  many  of  the  properties  of  thermosetting 
phenolics,  which  could  be  used  in  transfer  and  injection 
molding. 

Despite  the  unusual  electrical  properties  of  the  resins, 
which  offer  the  greatest  future  promise,  their  principal  use 
to  date  has  been  for  laminating  decorative  sheets,  the  low 
price  of  the  resin  giving  them  an  advantage  over  con- 
ventional materials. 

Electrical  applications  include  not  only  switchboard  panels, 
industrial  and  residential  switch  boxes,  and  motor,  trans- 
former and  generator  parts,  but  also  equipment  using  high 
frequency. 

It  has  been  observed  that  these  resins  do  not  permit 
"crawling"  of  electrical  energy  in  this  type  of  apparatus, 
known  as  the  "skin  effect,"  which  results  in  serious  diminu- 
tion of  its  effectiveness.  Switch  boxes  offer  a  potentially 
large  field  of  application,  since  they  can  be  post-formed 
out  of  fabric-based  material,  and  will  prove  superior  to  the 
conventional  metal  boxes  in  that  they  rule  out  any  possi- 


128 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


liility  of  short-circuiting  and  grounding. 

The  resins  used  in  laminating  generally  require  a  pres- 
sure of  500-1000  psi,  and  application  of  temperatures  grn- 
crally  around  160°  C  for  40  min.  The  finished  laminato 
must  be  cooled  in  the  press. 

In  combination  with  wood  laminates,  the  resins  can  pro- 
duce a  sheet  which  is  much  less  brittle  and  more  flexible 
than  those  made  with  certain  other  phenolics. 

The  real  future  for  these  resins  lies  in  the  fact  that  sup- 
plies of  lignite  and  other  sub-bituminous  coals  in  this 
country  and  in  Canada  are  almost  unlimited,  and  that  these 
coals,  when  processed  by  the  Lurgi  low-temperature  car- 
bonization method  now  in  use,  produce  a  remarkably  high 
acid  yield,  plus  a  high  grade  of  coke  as  a  by-product.  This 
means  that  as  more  of  these  plants  are  built,  the  price  of 
the  resins  will  continue  to  drop,  auguring  a  new  era  in 
plastics  development.  END 


Merchandising  Plastics 

(Continued  from  paijc  41) 


plays  of  the  bomber  turrets  and  canopies  made  of  Plexiglas 
to  which  our  ads  referred,  taking  advantage  of  the  public 
.interest  in  these  all-important  war-time  devices  and  of 
the  implication  that  products  made  of  the  same  material 
had  to  have  mighty  sound  properties.  These  window  dis- 
plays were  the  actual  products,  not  photographs  of  them. 

The  response  was  so  excellent  after  a  30-day  campaign 
that  we  have  now  laid  out  an  advertising  and  educational 
program  along  the  same  lines  from  June  to  the  end  of  the 
year. 

What,  concretely,  the  reader  may  ask,  were  the  results  of 
the  initial  campaign  which  justified  going  ahead  with  an 
expanded  advertising  and  educational  program?  Ordinarily, 
the  answer  would  have  to  be:  Increased  Business.  But 
that  is  hardly  a  proper  answer  right  now.  In  the  first  place, 
as  everybody  knows,  there  is  now  a  seller's  market,  in 
which,  unfortunately,  "everything  goes."  Fly-by-night  man- 
ufacturers, in  plastics  as  in  other  fields,  make  up  any  prod- 
uct out  of  any  material,  and  it  sells.  If  it  fails  in  service 
and  the  customer  is  dissatisfied,  who  cares?  The  sale  has 
been  made:  the  profit  has  been  taken;  and  the  customer 
can  get  himself  another  of  the  same  item — and  maybe  that 
will  prove  defective  too.  What's  the  difference?  Money 
is  plentiful.  And  if  the  customer  sours  on  plastics  as  a  re- 
sult of  repeated  unpleasant  experiences,  the  manufacturer 
loses  little  sleep,  for  next  year  he'll  have  some  other  line. 

That  point  of  view  is  most  disturbing  to  every  reputable 
manufacturer  of  plastics  products.  We  do  worry  about  the 
consumer's  opinion  because  we  are  not  going  to  be  in  some 
other  line  next  year.  We  have  made  our  reputation  in 
plastics  and  intend  to  stay  in  it.  That  is  why  we  have 
undertaken  our  campaign  of  justifying  plastics. 

Another  reason  why  increased  sales  cannot  be  the  yard- 
stick of  the  success  of  our  efforts  is  that  acrylics  are  in 
short  supply.  Since  more  merchandise  can  be  sold  than 
can  be  produced,  there  is  no  real  measure  of  the  amount  of 
business  which  can  be  attributed  to  the  campaign.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  we  have  eliminated  our  jobbers  at  present, 
and  sell  directly  to  the  retailer,  thus  maintaining  our  stand- 
ards while  keeping  the  profits  up.  But  if  increased  sales 
cannot  be  the  criterion  of  the  success  of  our  campaign,  we 
do  have  another  measure — namely,  that  several  stores  have 
set  up  a  self-contained  Marco  department,  not  merely  to 
satisfy  present  demands,  but  to  build  goodwill  for  these 
products  post-war,  and  that  is  the  main  purpose  of  our 
business  today— to  build  for  tomorrow. 

Furthermore,   a   favorable   response   has  been   obtained 


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from  those  people  whom  our  literature  has  reached.  There 
is  the  occasional  buyer  who  is  not  interested  in  learning 
about  plastics.  So  long  as  it  sells,  he  doesn't  care  what  it 
is.  We  hope  and  believe  that  such  folk  are  in  a  minority — 
they  certainly  will  be  before  many  years  have  passed.  Many 
merchandising  organizations  are  eager  to  have  our  goods 
and  to  have  displays  of  plastics  products  of  an  informative 
nature.  The  industry's  campaign  of  "the  right  plastics  for 
the  right  purpose"  is  a  sound  one.  In  the  consumer  field 
with  which  we  are  dealing,  it  is  meeting  with  acceptance. 

As  part  of  our  campaign  to  build  goodwill  for  a  quality 
product — our  compacts  and  cigarette  cases  retail  from  $1.50 
to  $5 — there  is  no  skimping  on  their  non-plastics  compo- 
nents. A  soft  flannel  bag  is  provided  to  hold  the  compact, 
which  includes  a  lamb's  wool  puff  and  leakproof  sifter. 

So  far  we  have  discussed  only  the  consumer,  and  the 
"upper  crust"  of  the  merchandising  people.  The  weakest 
link  in  the  merchandising  chain  is  the  salesperson.  The 
consumer  and  the  store  buyer  may  be  sold  100%  on  the 
product,  but  a  poor  salesperson  can  undo  all  your  good 
work  by  not  knowing  the  product  she  handles.  The  person 
behind  the  counter  must  be  carefully  instructed  in  all  its 
selling  points.  She  must  be  informed,  not  only  of  the  quali- 
ties of  the  acrylics  which  go  into  our  products,  but  also  of 
the  construction  of  the  products.  Our  compacts  and  cig- 
arette cases  are  made  so  they  can  be  opened  easily,  the 
hinge-pins  being  made  of  plastics  as  well  as  the  case  itself. 
Nine  times  out  of  ten,  however,  the  salesperson  will  try 
to  force  them  open  unsuccessfully.  Unless  she  knows  the 
simple  technique,  she  will  not  be  able  to  demonstrate  it  to 
the  customer.  In  Mavco  cigarette  cases  instruction  sheets 
are  enclosed,  but  the  clerk  must  be  taught  how  to  open 
them  easily  so  that  the  instruction  sheets  serve  merely  as 
a  reminder  to  the  customer.  By  demonstrating  that  the 
case  can  be  opened  by  a  mere  thrust  of  the  forefinger,  an 
excellent  sales  point  is  made.  The  customer  might  buy  the 
case  only  on  its  looks.  Then,  when  she  gets  home  and  has 
to  fuss  around  learning  how  to  open  it,  the  store  will  be 
losing  more  than  half  the  value  of  the  sale.  But  if  she  will 
have  been  instructed  on  that  point,  the  store  will  have  a 
very  much  satisfied  customer.  While  giving  our  utmost 
care  to  the  task  of  explaining  why  we  have  chosen  the  par- 
ticular plastics  we  have,  additional  details  necessary  to  back 
up  the  basic  information  are  not  neglected.  For  careless- 
ness in  seemingly  small  things  may  undo  the  benefits  of 
well  planned  promotion.  END 


Light  Without  Power 

(Continued  from  page  34) 


portant  to  establish  the  distinction  between  phosphorescence 
and  fluorescence.  A  material  will  fluoresce  only  during 
the  time  which  it  is  activated  by  ultra-violet  or  near  ultra- 
violet light.  If  a  material  emits  light  after  it  has  been  ac- 
tivated and  the  light  source  extinguished,  it  is  said  to  phos- 
phoresce. The  same  material,  for  example  this  plastics 
sheeting,  may  do  both.  Now,  the  less  light  that  is  visible 
from  bombers  and  fighters  during  night  flying  the  less  ac- 
curately can  they  be  detected  by  the  enemy.  Consequently, 
an  ultra-violet  light  source  activating  a  phosphorescent  in- 
strument board  will  provide  the  pilot  with  soft  light  which 
is  not  visible  at  great  distances.  Moreover,  if  for  some 
reason  the  light  system  fails,  he  will  still  have  for  a  while 
complete  visibility  of  the  board  for  the  reason  that  having 
already  been  activated  by  the  ultra-violet  light,  it  will  phos- 
phoresce. In  addition,  the  confusion  in  vision  which  often 
results  when  the  plane  goes  from  a  light  area  to  a  dark  one 
is  eliminated  by  use  of  the  glowing  material.  The  pilot 
remains  dark-adapted  and  can  more  easily  distinguish  de- 


130 


I  i'  V 


tails  in  a  darkened  countryside  from  the  window  of  his  air- 
plane. 

Locating  exits  from  the  hold  of  a  ship  used  to  be  a  major 
concern  if  the  power  failed  and  the  hold  was  plunged  into 
darkness.  Safety  valves  also  had  to  be  searched  for,  and  if 
they  were  not  readily  found,  tragedy  could  often  result. 
Both  of  these  difficulties  are  overcome  with  the  aid  of  lami- 
nated exit  panels  and  markers  incorporating  the  phosphor- 
escent plastics  sheeting. 

This  sheeting  is  18  to  20  mils  in  thickness,  and  is  built  up 
in  three  distinct  layers,  each  one  being  prepared  by  multiple 
coats.  The  layers  are  prepared  as  cast  films  composed  of 
a  mixture  of  vinyl  and  other  resins.  The  bottom  layer 
contains  a  white  pigment  to  provide  a  good  reflecting  sur- 
face for  the  phosphorescence;  the  middle  layer  contains 
the  phosphorescent  pigments — zinc,  calcium,  and  strontium 
sulfides ;  the  top  layer  is  transparent  and  provides  protection 
for  the  pigments,  which  would  otherwise  deteriorate  on 
contact  with  moisture. 

When  the  material  is  sent  to  laminators  it  is  supplied  in 
rolls  approximately  100  yards  long  and  35  inches  wide. 
They  sandwich  it  between  a  clear  vinyl  chloride-acetate 
top  covering  about  5  or  10  mils  thick  and  a  white-pigmented 
vinyl  chloride-acetate  base  about  40  mils  thick.  Because  the 
sheeting  contains  vinyl  resins,  compatability  is  excellent 
and  the  lamination  is  easily  accomplished.  However,  there 
is  a  precaution  to  be  taken  if  the  vinyl  sheet  used  for  the 
top  cover  is  matted  on  one  side  only.  In  order  to  prevent 
the  formation  of  pock-marks  while  laminating,  the  matted 
.  side  should  be  on  the  outside  next  to  the  platen  of  the  com- 
pression press.  It  will  be  smoothed  out  during  the  lami- 
nating operation. 

Experiments  aimed  at  including  the  pigment  in  a  mold- 
ing powder  have  thus  far  been  unsuccessful  because  grind- 
ing the  pigment  destroys  its  phosphorescent  qualities. 

The  excellent  protection  given  to  the  pigments  by  the 
resinous  coats  and  the  high  order  of  transparency  of  the 
top  layer  makes  possible  exceptionally  high  luminosity. 
One  method  of  testing,  in  which  the  activating  source  was 
a  100-watt  incandescent  light  furnishing  5  foot-candles  for 
20  minutes,  gave  the  following  values : 


Thus,  it  is  seen  from  the  table  that  even  after  24  hours  in 
total  darkness  the  sheeting  still  emits  some  light.  This 
amount  of  light  is  visible  to  a  person  whose  eyes  have  been 
adapted  to  darkness.  END 


What  Material? 

(Continued  from  page  26) 


do  much  to  discount  faith  in  plastics  manufacture  and  could 
have  been  avoided.  The  item  was  high-priced,  and  a  few- 
cents  more  in  cost  would  have  permitted  the  manufacturer 
to  select  a  better  fill — say  wood  flour — and  would  thus  (in 
a  certain  sense)  have  helped  to  protect  the  whole  industry. 

Plastic  adhesivcs,  by  and  large,  cause  little  trouble.  Oc- 
casionally, however,  cases  do  develop  where  ill-will  is 
created.  Such  would  have  been  the  case  with  a  Pyroxylin- 
coated  material  had  it  not  first  been  tested  by  the  Lab. 

In  this  case  an  available  adhesive  had  been  used  on  an 
apron,  but  the  Pyroxylin  would  pull  off  after  the  apron 
was  washed.  This  was  remedied  on  suggestion  that  tin- 
apron  manufacturer  laminate  both  sides  of  the  material 


Time  After  Activation 
(In  Hours) 

Readings 
(in  Microlamberts) 

%  

4  70 

1  

1.75 

2  

•  •  •                                                 95 

24  

025 

-  DEFINITELY  IN 

TOMORROW'S  PLASTIC   PICTURE! 


With  25  years  of  "plattic  yester- 
dayi"  behind  him,  Larry  Cook 
offerj  you  a  solidly  •ttoblithed 
plattic  background  for  that  bril- 
liant future  plastics  will  mold  for 
you. 


Now  I.  H.  Cook,  Inc.,  is  operating 
at  top  capacity  —  but  there's  plenty 
of  planning  room,  so  let  Lorry  Cook 
know  what  plastic  problems  your 
future  will  include.  There's  no 
obligation. 


LAWRENCE  H.  COOK,  INC. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    PLASTIC    MOLDS    A    TOOLS 
66   MASSASOIT    AVE.,    EAST   PROVIDENCE    14,    R.    I. 


ONE  OH 


EACH   AND  EVERY 


MUST  BE  RIGHT 


Itr  nut  1  1  ii  IK     .ini|.lr.    thi*    t«lra    of    hobbrd    ra*ilir-    f»f     pla*ltr     mold-. 
Mrrrly  prvparr  a  hob.  (.rrri«-K  t.kr  ihr  part  lo  br  moldrd.  and  prr-« 
It   ml  •»  ibr  rrtjuirrd   numbrr  of  blank*  —  and   *  im  h*«r  *  «ur  r»-  • 
If  .x»K  that  wrrr  all  ihrrr  wrrr  lo  ll! 

Midland**  r  i|»«-rirnrr,  •rramwlalrd  ihrowph  trar*  of  **«>rlaliard 
-»-r*i»-r  lo  ihr  pla*lir«  and  dlr  r««lin*  imlMMri*-*,  ha*  uaM-«»«rrrd  ibr 
•  n-tarr  la  Man*  a  problrnt,  »urh  a*  wbal  «lrrl.  *>|ial  |.rr«-nrr.  how  li» 
harden  —  M»  thai  ihr  rarr,  -kill  and  limr  of  ihr  <li«-  makrr  ***>\  rn.tr*- 
*rr.  r  v|-.  n.K.l  on  ihr  hob,  will  nt.i  nttnr  |n  |>rtrf  in  wmr  tmfor-rrw 
Hrti-Iopmrnl  in  ihr  -ir|i»  lhal  folio**.  I  -e-r«  of  mold*  *ho  rcK  M 
Midland  for  hobhrd  ra»il.r.  apprrrialr  ihr  adtanlaffr  of  hatln*  iht* 
nlralK  loolrd  *onrr«  of  prrcMon  mold*  and  *lt**. 


>rnd  for  a  rop»  *»f  n«r  rrrrnl  |»«ihlir*li«»«. 
">hapiny  Tomorrow  Toda*  "  rvplalnlnn  immr 
of  Ihr  rra>on*  yon  will  pronl  h*  •rndinic  »o«r 

t»uKh  m..l.l  ,..»..  i..  Hi.tl.n.l.  «  r.ir  l..r   .1  i...l.i  ' 


MIDLAND  DIE  AND  ENGRAVING  COMPANY 


I  «OO  WnCMCMICt  AVI MUt 


CHICAGO    II.  IlilNOIt 


1ITMR    1Q.1-, 


n  i    «  w  -f  i  /•  v 


WANTED! 

PLASTIC  SMOKERS  ARTICLES 
OF  A  FINE  NATURE 

Through  our  many  thousands  of  accounts,  both 
wholesale  and  retail,  we  can  give  you  a  complete 
and  quick  coverage  and  disfribuf/on  with  the  best 
Retailers,  Dept.  Stores,  Chains  or  Jobbers  Our 
products  are  nationally  advertised.  Write 

Rogers  Imports,  Inc. 

419  4th  Ave.,  N.Y.  16,N.Y. 


IF  YOU  WANT  OUTLETS 
CONTACT  US 

Anything    pertaining    to    Smokers   Articles 
or   General    Merchandising    and    Novelties 

*  *     * 

We  Contact  Jobbers  and  Chain  Store  and 
Department  Stores  from  Coast  to  Coastl 

(Wf  Will  Carry  Our  Oten  Account!  if  N»r*m*ary) 

*  *       * 

M.  B.  SIEGEL 

ASSOCIATES 
FACTORY  REPRESENTATIVES  AND  DISTRIIUTORS 

63  E.  ADAMS  ST.  CHICAGO  3.  ILL 


PATENTS   AND   TRADE   MARKS 

Protect  and   profit   by   your  ideas.      Full    information   on   re- 
quest.     Prompt  expert  service.      30  years*  experience. 

LESTER    L.   SARGENT 


HIS  K.  St.,  N.  W., 


Registered   Pntent    I.awyer 
Post  Office   Box   3156 


Washington,  D.  C. 


FOR  SALE 


Wow,  U,td  and  S.bWi 


Hydraulic  Praues,  Pumps,  Accumulator!,  etc. 

for  Plastic  1  Kubbar   Industrial 
Highest  Prlcn  Paid  for  Your  Surplus  Equipmant 

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215  Hudson  Street.  New  York  13,  N.  Y. 


Walkar  5-5332-3 


MOLDEZF 

1  The  Mold  Treatment  for  Plastics  and  Rubber  •• 
"In  all  our  years  in  the  rubber  business  we  never  have  seen  the  equal  to 
MOLDEZE"  .  .  .  says  Chf.  Enjtr.  famous  rubber  firm. 

Majority  of  Leading  Firms  now  us*  MOLDEZE 

Send  jar  I  long-lasting  pint .  .  .  J5  delivered 

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with  pyroxylin,  thus  keeping  the  adhesive  from  contacting 
water.  The  test  should  have  been  made  by  the  producer 
before  he  put  his  product  on  the  market. 

Designs  where  Pyroxylin  (cellulose  nitrate  lacquer) 
conies  in  contact  with  acetate  powders  are  often  rejected 
because  the  plasticizer  within  the  acetate  is  apt  to  soften 
the  Pyroxylin  film,  causing  it  to  come  off. 

Material  in  contact  with  steam  or  hot  water  often  de- 
velops sag  or  self-adhesion.  Such  is  the  case  of  some 
shower  curtains.  A  vinyl  type  shower  curtain  was  tested 
under  conditions  simulating  a  hot  shower.  It  held  up  all 
right,  since  temperature  of  the  water  did  not  exceed  105°  F, 
which  is  all  the  human  normally  desires  in  a  shower.  The 
material  also  withstood  a  temperature  of  115°  F,  but  when 
the  pipes  were  preheated  to  about  140°  F,  the  material  not 
only  developed  a  bad  sag,  but  adhered  to  itself  at  contact 
points.  Should  shower  curtains  such  as  these  be  stored 
in  an  attic  or  hot  closet,  they  would  fuse  into  an  almost 
solid  unity.  The  Standards  Bureau  could  only  recommend 
the  sale  of  these  curtains  provided  proper  warning  litera- 
ture was  given  with  each  sale. 

It  was  previously  stated  that  mail  order  house  scientists 
in  the  Laboratory  believed  that  the  rejection  of  most  of  the 
plastics  items  there  was  not  due  to  their  being  of  plastics, 
but  rather  because  the  incorrect  material  had  been  used  for 
the  job.  The  Laboratory  expressed  doubt  about  plastics 
for  two  purposes,  particularly:  (1)  As  guards,  clips,  or 
buckles  on  luggage,  inasmuch  as  brittleness  of  most  plastics 
under  average  room  temperatures  will  not  permit  it  to  ab- 
sorb the  abuse  to  which  metal  or  leather  can  be  subjected ; 
and  (2)  in  the  making  of  zippers,  for  which  functional  and 
hard-abused  use,  metal  has  so  far  proved  to  be  superior. 

All  rules  have  exceptions,  however,  and  so,  accordingly, 
do  the  above-mentioned.  In  the  first  instance,  plastics  might 
well  be  approved  for  use  in  "limited-purpose"  luggage — or 
perhaps  for  children's  play  luggage.  And  in  the  second  in- 
stance, for  use  where  there  is  little  abuse  or  strain,  or  for 
purely  decorative  purposes,  plastics  serves  well. 

It  might  be  timely  to  mention  here  the  five  toughest  plas- 
tics, in  order  of  their  toughness:  They  are:  Acetate-btity- 
rate;  shock-resistant  phenolic;  ethyl-cellulose;  cellulose- 
acetate;  and  vinyl  (without  filler). 

Odor  and  plastics  sometimes  go  hand  in  hand.  Thus, 
phenolic  plastics  are  often  not  recommended  as  containers 
for  hot  liquids,  as  they  have  been  known  to  transfer  their 
odors  to  the  liquid,  or  to  flavor  foods.  Similarly,  rubber- 
like  resins  have  been  known  to  flavor  foods  and  transfer 
odors.  The  Army  solved  the  water  canteen  problem  by 
using  acetate  butyrate. 

Another  plastics  to  be  watched,  in  relation  to  odor,  is 
nitrocellulose,  as  it  often  gives  off  a  camphor-like  smell. 

Plastics  caps  for  bottles,  and  thermoplastic  stops  for 
drains,  have  served  the  war  effort  well,  and  have  failed 


DOUBLE.    V   THREAD 


AMEf/CAH   NATIONAL 
STANDARD  THREAD 


Plastics  threads,  largely  borrowed  Double  V  and  American  Na- 
tional Standard  types  from  the  metals;  they  seem  better  adapted, 
however,  to  the  Acme  and  Whitworth  types  illustrated  at  bottom 


132 


PLA8TWr.fi 


JUNE   1945 


only  under  abnormal  conditions,  such  as  the  following:  Un- 
der test,  boiling  water  was  poured  into  a  sink,  and  allowed 
to  stay  for  several  minuto.  When  the  plastics  stopper  was 
removed  from  a  light  drain,  it  pulled  out  of  shape.  This 
could  have  been  eliminated  by  a  thermosetting  pla.-tii>. 
However,  as  there  has  never  been  a  complaint  about  this 
type  of  stopper — and  there  have  been  plenty  compliments 
(and  sales) — the  abnormal  test  bears  no  weight. 

Plastics  lend  themselves  to  simplification.  For  example, 
the  Hydrtnvlik  letter  sealer  pretty  well  simplifies  the  old 
glass  types.  No  sealer  has  a  design  so  functional  as  the  one 
now  used.  The  tube  forces  the  water  out,  or  draws  it  in ; 
the  sponge  moistens  to  any  desired  degree,  or  it  can  mop 
up  or  take  off  excess  water.  A  simplified  version  is  the 
tube,  cloth-stuffed  to  control  flow.  However,  tests  show 
that  this  has  a  tendency  to  crack  on  the  bend. 

Temperature  must  be  taken  into  consideration  when  plas- 
tics products  are  being  designed,  otherwise  trouble  is  like- 
ly to  develop.  As  an  example,  there  is  a  new  type  of  plastics 
button,  developed  for  women's  wear.  Under  most  condi- 
tions it  worked  excellently.  However,  in  winter  the  methyl 
methacrylate  of  which  it  was  made  lost  its  springiness 
(which  is  the  principle  of  the  button)  and  cracked  or  broke. 

To  help  industry  and  itself,  the  Standards  Bureau  has 
worked  out  thousands  of  minimum  norms  for  different  types 
of  merchandise.  For  example,  the  following  standards  have 
been  set  for  plastics  soles  for  shoes,  and  a  product  before 
acceptance  must  meet  these  requirements: 


Minimum  Standards  far  Shoe  Soling  Substitute 

Abrasion  ffesnronce:       Not  less  than   12,000  revolutions  to  abrade  50', 
(M»thoJ: — Abrodtr).  .of  the  thickness  of  the  material. 

Shall  not  crack  after  4  hrs.  at  32  F,  and  bent  ISO9 

over  a  3"  mandrel,  or  after  aging  48  hrs.  at  I  20  F. 
CraclriMU and    reconditioning    at   65%    R.H.,    70  F.    Shall   not 

crack  after  0DF.,  -32°F.  and  bent  1  80°  over  a  '3* 

mandrel,  or  shatter  under  impact. 
Foci/Mil Shall  not  become  tacky  at  1  20  F.  for  4  hrs. 

Strength  shall  not  be  less  than  30  Ibs.  dry,  or  ar 
Srifcfc  feor 1  20  F. — 48   hrs.   and   not   leu   than   25   Ibs.   afte 

4  hrs.  water  immersion. 

Shall  not  show  visual  evidence  of  delamination  or 
Effect  of  Wafer separation  or  increase  in  thickness  of  more  than  20'  , 

after  4  hrs.  water  immersion,  75  F. 


If  every  plastics  molder  will  put  his  post-war  products 
to  test  now  (and  what  producer  does  not  have  many  ideas 
to  unload  at  the  sound  of  the  last  shot)  many  unfortunate 
experiences  will  be  eliminated  in  the  competitive  post-war 
period. 

Standard  Bureaus — be  they  operated  by  the  government, 
or  private  enterprise — all  agree  on  certain  basic  errors  in 
design  that  will,  given  time,  cause  trouble.  Several  of  the 
more  obvious  errors  which  repeatedly  made  are : 

(1) :  DESIGNING  A  THIS  LAYER  OF  MOLDING  CoMi-orxi) 
OVER  AN  INSERT.  Since  the  shrinkage  of  the  molding  com- 
pound, with  its  setting  of  approximately  .0006"  per  inch, 
is  different  and  separate  from  its  coefficient  of  thermal  ex- 
pansion, the  thinned  layer  will  not  have  enough  strength 
to  resist  thermal  expansion  and  will  eventually  crack. 

(2) :  DESIGNING  INSERTS  TO  CLOSE  TO  EDGE  OF  A  PLASTICS 
PART.  This  is  an  old  failing,  but  it  is  one  which  is  over- 
looked time  after  time.  Similarly  erroneous  is  the  design 
of  projecting  inserts  very  close  to  the  rim  of  the  mold  part, 
since  the  insert  projecting  into  the  steel  will  tend  to  crack 
on  hardening. 

(3)  :  DESIGNING  ITEMS  WITH  LARGE  STRAIGHT  WALLS. 
A  great  number  of  pieces  just  will  not  come  out  of  the 
mold  satisfactorily. 

What  is  the  verdict  of  public  opinion  regarding  many 
of  the  examples  covered  here — examples  often  created  by 
the  manufacturers'  ignorance  of  material  and  design?  First. 


^^•^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^••^^^^•^•••^^^^^•^^^^^^^^^•1 

DOLAN  FABRICATORS 

Specialists  in  Fabrication  of 

BAKELITE 
LUCITE 
FIBRES 

And  Other  Media  -  For  All  Industries 

Airplane  Parts  -  Electrical  -  Picture 

Frames  -  Compacts  -  Ornaments 

Novelties,  etc. 

Manufacturers  of 
Dolfab  Plastic  Products 

WAtkins  9-0290 
112  W.  14th  St.,  New  York  11,  N.  Y. 


JUNE  194.-) 


PLASTiCS 


188 


Tool  &  Engineering  Co. 

30    GRANDVIEW   ST. 
MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


MOLD  DIES  -  COMPRESSION  -  INJECTION  -  TRANSFER 
HOBS   &   HOBBINGS         ORNAMENTAL   HOBS 

Engineering  and  Design  Service 


THE  HI  HI;  mn 
GETTIIIG  mn 

CHIMB! 
BIL  OUT  FOR  THE  IRICHTY 

7th  111  UK  LOAN 


WAR  LOAN 


L.  H.  BATTALEN 

DESIGN.  HECH.  ENG. 
FORMERLY  WITH  MASTER  TOOL  <  DIE  MAKERS,  INC. 

INJICTION  A  COMPMSSION  HOLDERS 

MOLD  MAKIR    .   .   .   NOVELTIES   .   .   .   TOYS 

ORNAMENTAL  PLASTIC  I  METAL  SPECIALTIES 

682  Broadway.  N.  Y.  C.  Algonquin  4-4254 


ROUTER  BITS— FORM  CUTTERS  and 
MACHINES  for  HIGH  SPEED  CON- 
TOUR and  STRAIGHT  CUTTING  PLASTICS 

StnJ  for  Ctulot  No.  4) 

EKSTROM,  CARLSON  &  CO. 

1410  Railroad  AT*.  ROCXTORD.  ILL. 


ANDREW    C.    KARLSTAD 

INDUSTRIAL  DESIGNER 


COMPLETE    PRODUCT   DESIGN 

414*  VENTURA  CANYON  AVE. 
PHONE— STATE  4-54M 


&   ENGINEERING   SERVICE 

SHERMAN  OAKS,  CALIF. 
(A  SUIURI  OF  LOS  ANGELES) 


CLASSIFIED   ADVERTISING 

WANTED — Sales  Engineer  or  Chemist  familiar  with  phenolic  resins  to 
travel  midwest  and  eastern  U.  S.  Attractive  salary.  Must  have  good 
sales  record.  Write  Chemical  Plastics,  Inc.,  St.  Louis  Park,  Minneapolis. 
Minnesota,  giving  full  particulars  first  letter. 

MOLDING  FOREMAN.  A  Southern  New  England  concern  needs  a  gen- 
eral molding  department  foreman  experienced  in  injection,  transfer,  and 
compression  molding.  Technical  background  preferred.  Good  future, 
salary.  Write  givine  complete  plastic  and  technical  background.  Box  25. 
%  Plastics.  183  X.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago  1,  111. 

SALES  Organization  with  Show  Rooms  at  200  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York 
City,  wishes  a  line  from  a  manufacturer.  We  are  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  plastics  field  and  are  now  selling  nationally  known  Items  to 
jobbers  of  toys,  drugs,  hardware  and  notions,  also  chain  and  department 
stores.  Commission  basis.  Reply  Box  26,  %  Plastics.  185  N.  Wabash 
Ave.,  Chicago  1,  111. 


the  errors,  though  grouped,  are  actually  relatively  few,  and 
the  good  so  outweighs  the  bad  that  the  public  has  so  far 
been  somewhat  lenient.  Second,  the  producer  of  a  plastics 
item  has  often  been  forced  to  use  a  certain  plastics  be- 
cause of  war  shortages  of  the  material  he  wished  to  use. 
The  public,  so  far,  seems  to  understand  this  necessity. 
In  most  cases  such  as  these  the  manufacturer  has  (or 
should  have)  used  informative  labeling  to  protect  the 
ultimate  user  of  his  product  as  well  as  his  own  reputa- 
tion for  reliability.  Third,  anything  which  develops  so 
rapidly  as  plastics  is  bound  to  make  mistakes.  "Trial  and 
error"  is  a  slow  and  costly  process,  but  in  the  long  run 
it  pays  well,  in  satisfied  customers  and  bigger  sales.  END 


Transfer  Molding 

(Continued  from  page  86) 


this  follows  that  it  will  be  more  economical  to  use  larger  tonnage 
for  a  transfer  job  than  to  reduce  the  number  of  impressions  on 
a  fixed  press  when  comparing  compression  with  transfer  molding 
methods. 

Pressure  and  Process  Considerations 

Recent  publications  on  the  subject  of  the  transfer  molding 
process  generally  are  based  on  Pascal's  Law  which  states  that  the 
unit  pressure  at  any  point  in  a  fluid  (incompressible)  at  rest  is 
the  same  in  all  directions. 

Furthermore,  the  law  of  the  continuity  of  flow  is  used  for 
fluids  at  which  the  density  does  not  change  fro*  one  point  to 
another. 

The  application  of  these  principles  to  production  problems 
in  molding  processes  is  correct,  although  without  doubt  the 
economy  of  the  transfer  molding  process  is  affected  in  conse- 
quence. 

This  is  due  to  the  intricacy  of  transfer  molding,  a  process  in 
which  there  is  a  heat  flow,  pressures  are  applied,  and  the  density 
of  the  material  undergoes  changes. 

In  fact,  transfer  molding  can  be  regarded  as  an  irreversible 
process  involving  a  complete  departure  from  the  equilibrium 


TffAHSPER 


PPOJECTEO  CAVITY  ASSA  X Pi 


An  application  of  two  independent  pressures; 
one  for  clamping  loose  tool  parts,  the  other  for 
transferring  molding  material  into  the  cavities 


134 


P  I.  A  S  T  t  f 


JUNE  1945 


for  which  the  laws  of  thermodynamics  are  valid. 

Moreover,  the  large  number  of  variables  invloved  rules  out  any 
possibility  of  finding  formulas  for  the  process  on  a  quantitative 
basis  by  analytical  methods. 

Nevertheless,  the  transfer  process  can  be  applied  economically 
it  is  considered  as  a  thermodynamic  process  in  which  the 
substance  is  in  motion  and  operating  by  the  aid  of  application 
molding,  engineering  experimental  relations. 

By  permitting  a  minimum  flash  on  the  escape  gates  of  the 
mating  tool  clamping  surfaces,  the  specific  pressure  within  the 
cavities  proper  would  be  below  that  of  the  powder  chamber 
and  the  total  clamping  pressure  required  would,  in  turn,  be  less 
than  what  it  would  be  if  calculated  according  to  the  (supposed) 
validity  of  Pascal's  Law. 

Quantitative  data,  based  on  experimental  results,  would  further- 
more permit  a  reduction  of  the  specific  clamping  pressure  up  to 
one  third  of  that  of  the  specific  transfer  pressure. 

By  the  application  of  this  principle,  the  economy  of  the  transfer 
process  could  be  improved  by:  (1)  increased  number  of  cavities 
of  a  given  tonnage  on  a  fixed  press;  (2)  more  economical  use  of  the 
existing  compression  type  presses  for  transfer  molding;  and  (3) 
the  use  of  "prefiller"  presses  with  "satellite"  compression  presses. 

Principles  In  Tool  Design 

Practically  all  transfer  tools  are  built  up  and  consist  of  tool 
parts  which  are  split  either  horizontally  or  vertically  or  con- 
stitute a  combination  of  both. 

The  pressure  required  can  be  applied  by  one  movement  only; 
accordingly,  any  standard  upstroke  or  downstroke  compression 
press  can  be  used  for  transfer  molding. 

A  further  development  is  the  application  of  two  independent 
pressures;  one  for  clamping  pressure  to  hold  the  loose  tool  parts 
(or  splits)  together  and  the  other  for  transferring  the  molding 
material  from  the  chamber  into  the  cavities. 

Fig.  2.  2a.  3  and  3a  show  the  different  types. 

The  dimensions  of  the  gates  and  channels  depend  on  the  size 
of  the  molding  and  powder  quality,  and  the  rate  of  flow  is  mainly 
determined  by  time;  the  powder  material  must  be  transferred 
from  the  powder  chamber  into  the  cavities  within  30-40  seconds. 

The  following  practical  figure  for  standard,  general  purpose, 
powder  can  be  given  for  each  3  inch  molded  material:  .005 
square  inches  sectional  area  is  required  at  a  channel  length  of 
.500  ,  at  a  tool  temperature  of  170°C  and  at  a  specific  pressure 
of  10  tons  per  square  inch. 

Presses  for  Transfer  Molding 

While  any  standard  compression  press  can  be  used  for  transfer 
molding  (in  which  case  the  transfer  principle  is  represented  by 
the  tooling  only),  better  results  are  obtainable  with  such  special 
presses  as: 

(1)  Side  ram  or  angle  presses  allowing  two  independent  move- 
ments with  independent  controls;  one  movement  being  used  for  the 
clamping  and  the  other  one  for  the  transfer  force.  The  tonnage 
ratio  on  standard  type  pressures  of  1:1.2 — 1  is  not  advantageous 
for  transfer  molding,  however,  and  a  ration  of  3  +  4: 1  would  be 
found  more  advantageous. 

(2)  Any  standard  downstroke  press  with  a  hydraulic  ejector 
could  easily  be  used  for  transfer  molding;  the  main  stroke  being 
used  for  clamping  and  the  ejector  for  the  transfer  movement. 
Considering  that  the  capacity  of  the  press  would  be  governed  by 
the  force  and  stroke  of  the  ejector,  the  ratio  between  the  ejector 
and  clamping  force  would  determine  the  economy  of  its  appli- 
cation. 

(3)  Special  transfer  presses  could  also  be  used  consisting  of  two 
hydraulic  cylinders  with  rams  set  vertically  one  upon  the  other. 


In  the  July  issue  oi  plastics  will  be  found  an  article  of  un- 
usual interest  and  information: 

PLASTICS  COSTUME  JEWELRY 

— a  story  discussing  the  desiqn,  materials,  methods  of 
manufacture  and  the  sales  poiiibilltiei  of  quality  custom 
made  costume  jewelry. 


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JUNE  1945 


AST  if  ft 


186 


Advertiser 

ABA  Tool  and  Engineering  Co. 

Accurate  Molding  Corporation... 

Adel   Precision   Products  Corp.... 

Airtronics  Manufacturing  Co 

American  Flange  a  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  Inc 

American  Phenolic  Corporation. . . 

Amos  Molded  Plastics 

Arrow  Plastics  Company 

Art  Plastic  Company 

Auburn  Button  works  Incor- 
porated   


Advertising  Agency 


rtising    A{_ 
.  O.  K.  Pagan  Advertising  Agency. 
.  West-Marquis,  Inc 

.Freiwald  &  Coleman  Advertising.. 

.  Evans  Associates,  Inc 

.Sidener  and  Van  Riper,  Inc 

.The  Powerad  Co 

.Industrial  Conversions,  Inc 

•  Charles  L.   Rumrill  &  Company 


..134 

..III 

..137 

.     6 


21 

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120 

57 

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Battalen,  L.  H 134 

Boonton  Molding  Company A.  J.  Slomanson  Associates,  Inc 3 

Bortman    Plastics  Company S.  Duane  Lyon,  Inc 121 

Brilhart,  Arnold,  Ltd Henri  Le  Moth*  Agency Back  Cover 


Catalin  Corporation  

Celanese  Plastic  Corporation... 

Cello-Plastic  Chemical  Co 

Chicago  Molded  Products  Cor- 
poration    

Ciba  Products  Corporation  

Cohan-Epner  Co.,   Incorporated 
Columbia   Protektosite  Co.,  Inc.. 

Condor  Engineering  Co 

Continental  Can  Company,  Inc.. 
Continental  Plastics  Corporation. 

Continental  Screw  Company 

Cook,  Lawrence  H..  Inc 

Design  Service  Co 

Despatch  Oven  Company 

Detroit  Stamping  Co. 

Diana  Clock  Works 

Dickten  &  Masch  Mfg.  Co. 
Dillon,  W.  C.,  &  Co.,  Inc. 

DoAII  Company,  The 

Dolan   Fabricators    

Dow  Chemical  Company,  The 
Durite  Plastics  Incorporated 

Ekstrom,  Carlson  &  Co 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Company,  The 
Emeloid  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Federal  Telephone  and  Radio 

Corporation    

Felsenthal,  G.,  S  Sons 

Gemloid  Corp.,  The 

General  Industries  Company,  The 

Gering   Products   Inc 

Girdler  Corporation,  The 

Goodrich,  B.  F.,  Chemical 

Company     

Great  American  Color  Company 
Grotelite  Co.,  Inc.,  The 

Hercules  Powder  Company,  In- 
corporated     

House  of  Plastics 

Industrial  Equipment  Company 
Industrial  Molded  Products  Co 

Johnson  City  Foundry  and  Ma- 
chine Works 


.  Walter  J.  Gallagher, 

Advertising  2nd  Cover 

.  Ivey  *  Ellington,  Inc 93 

H.  M.  Dittman,  Advertising 117 

.Almon  Brooks  Wilder,  Inc 

.Cory  Snow,  Inc 


.United  Advertising  Agency 

. Kermin-Thall   

.  Batten,  Barton,  Durstlne  &  Osborn,  Inc. 

.  Jim  Duffy  Company 

.  Rossi  &  Hirshson  

George  T.  Metcalf  Co 

Thomas  D.  Penti  Co 

Harold  C.  Walker,  Advertising 

Charles  Schweim  Co.  

James  A.  Greig  &  Associates,  Inc. 


Weston-Barnett,  Inc 


MacManus,  John  S  Adams,  Inc 

.  Lawrence  I.  Everling 

Cummings,   Brand  &   McPherson, 

Advertising   

Ruthrauff  &  Ryan,  Inc 

.  United  Advertising  Agency 


.102 
.123 
40 
.  85 
.  ID 
.101 
.107 

HI 

.   61 

125 
.106 

124 
.133 

108 
.  K 

133 


134 
.  38 

.   10 


. .  Marschalk  s  Pratt  Co 87 

.  Lieber  Advertising  Co 107 


Fuller  S  Smith  a  Ross  Inc.  ..  5 

M.  C.  Diedrich  119 

.  Roche,  Williams  &  Cleary,  Inc.  45 

The  Griswold-Eshleman  Co 7 

Andrews  Advertising  135 

The  S.  C.  Baer  Company 137 


.  Fuller  S  Smith  S  Ross  Inc 65 

.  Charles  Oswald  35 

.  Louis  F.  Herman  Advertising  Agency...  130 
.Wesley  E.  Sharer  and  Associates 112 


.  L.  F.  McCarthy  and  Company. 


Karlstad,  Andrew  C 

Kearney  S  Trecker  Products 

Corporation 
Kingsley  Gold  Stamping  Machine 

Co 
Kirk,  F.  J.,  Molding  Company 


..114 

134 

Klau-Vtn  Pietersom-Dunlap  Associates, 
.     Inc ..   17 


.Continental   Advertising   Service 
Cory  Snow,   Inc 


127 
12? 


Advertiser 

Krieger  Color  i  Chemical  Com- 

Kuhn  &  Jacob  Molding  i  Tool 

Co .. 

Kun-Kasch,  Inc 

Kux  Machine  Company 


Advertising  Agency 


Warren  P.  Fehlman  Adv.  Co 124 

Eldridge-Northrop.  Inc.  100 

Kircher,  Lytle,  Helton  &  Col lett II 

Kuttner  t  Kuttner.  Advertising 104 


Lifetime  Plastics,  Inc W.  M.  Carroll  Advertising  Agency 118 

George   Homer   Martin 74 

Gregory  Advertising,  Inc 125 

Eldridge-Northrop.  Inc IIS 

Sam  J.  Gallay  Company 

Ethel  and  Waldie  and  Briggs 131 

Cruttenden  &  Eger,  Advertising 
Klau-Van    Pietersom-Dunlap   Associates, 

Inc It 

Associated  Business  Counselors  113 

.National  Service  130 

.The  Joseph  A.  Wilner  Company  122 

John  Gilbert  Craig,  Advertising 51 

.Charles  Daniel  Frey  Advertising  Agency  12 
.The  Callaway  Associates I2i 


Mack  Molding  Co.    Inc 

Magnetic  Plastics  Co.,  The 

Martindell  Molding  Co 

Metaplast  Company  

Midland   Die  and   Engraving 

Company   

Molded  Products  Company 

Mosinee   Paper  Mills  Company... 

McAleer  Manufacturing  Co 


National  Organ  Supply  Co. 
National  Plastic  Products 


Company 

National  Vulcanized  Fibre  Co 
New  York  Air  Brake  Company, 

The 
Northern    Industrial   Chemical 

Company 

Owens-Corning  Fiberglas  Cor- 
poration 

Pennsylvania  Coal  Products  Com- 

pany 

Pitman   Publishing   Corporation 
Plaskon  Division,  Libbey-Owens- 

Ford  Glass  Company  ........... 

Plastic  Finishing  Corporation  ..... 

Pond   Engineering  Company  ...... 

Protective  Coatings,  Inc 


.  Fuller  t  Smith  *  Ross  Inc. II 


Vanguard  Advertising  33 

James  R.   Flanagan lit 

Meldrum  »  Fewsmith  Advertising,  Inc..  73 

Jack  Strausberg    120 

Wm.  B.  Remington  Inc 91 

Associated   Business  Counselors  132 


IV) 

R  E  C  Manufacturing  Corp  
Radio  Receptor  Company,   Inc  
Rayon  Processing  Co.  of  R.  1..  Inc. 
Rogers  Imports,  Inc  
Rohm  &  Haas  Company  

.  Cory  Snow,   Inc  
.  Shappe-Wilkes  Inc  
.Richard   Thorndike    
The  Kleppner  Company       
.  Newell-Emmett  Company 

.    128 
138 
..  77 
.132 

...   62 

.132 

...132 

.  W.  M.  Carroll  Advertising  Agency. 

..118 

Stokes,  F.  J.,  Machine  Co  
Strieker  Brunhuber  Co  

Tarbonis  Company,  The  
Tennessee  Eastman  Corporation 
Tinnerman  Products,  Inc.          ..... 

McLain  Organization,  Incorporated.. 
Aldridge-Preston  Advertising 

.  L.  G.  Maison  and  Company  
.Fashion  Advertising  Co.,  Inc  
.The  White  Advertising  Company 

...     8 
..128 

.  .  .  122 

..27 

.    13 

United  Screw  and  Bolt  Corpora- 
tion   

Universal  Hydraulic   Machinery 
Company    

Universal  Plastics  Corporation     . 

Victory  Plastics  Company 

Waterbury  Companies,  Inc. 
Western  Shade  Cloth  Company. 

The   

Worcester  Moulded  Plastics  Co. 
Wrigley,  Jr.,  William,  Company 

X-Ray  Products  Corporation 

Ziv  Steel  S  Wire  Co.  . . 
Zollinger,  Albert   


.  Fred  W.  Mellis  Advertising 

.  Gunn-Mears  Advertising  Agency 


.  20 


.132 
..  83 


James  Thomas  Chirburg  Company  43 

Manternach,    Inc 127 

. .  Hardy  Advertising   14 

C.  Jerry  Spaulding,  Inc 3rd  Cover 

Ruthrauff  ft  Ryan,  Inc '* 

135 

.    Vernon  S.  Weiler,  Advertising  105 

..James  A.  Greig  ft  Associates,  Inc 124 


A  PREVIEW  OF  COATED  FABRICS 

Outstanding  personalities  in  the  textile  design  and  retailing  fields  express  their  views  on  the  place  that  plastics-coated  fabrics  will 
occupy  in  the  postwar  scheme  of  living.  These  experts  discuss  many  merchandising  and  sales  approaches;  they  analyze  styles  and 
fashions;  and  they  predict  that  plastics-coated  fabrics  have  an  excellent  potential. 

A  tabulation  of  20  or  more  different  types  of  plastics  coatings  and  finishes— each  serving  a  definite  purpose — helps  this  article 
to  answer  some  of  the  problems  that  may  be  perplexing  potential  end  users  of  coated  fabrics. 

The  importance  of  this  article  on  merchandising  is  matched  only  by  the  intense  treatment  it  is  accorded  in  the  forthcoming  July 
issue.  To  guarantee  that  you  read  this  timely  article,  and  the  others  that  are  scheduled  to  follow 


-SUBSCRIBE  TO  pldSflCS  JODAY! — 

1  Y«ar $5  /          2  Yean $8 


136 


PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


The  larger  force,  used  for  damping,  could  also  be  used  for  I 
ordinary  compression  molding  ana  the  second  auxiliary  cylinder 
for  the  transfer  movement.  The  main  clamping  movement  could 
be  upstroke  and  the  transfer  movement  downstroke  or  vice- 
versa.  The  standard  power  ratio  could  be  1:3  or  the  transfer 
force  could  be  reduced  and  the  ratio  correspondingly  altered. 
(4)  Another  development  of  a  transfer  press  could  consist  of 
two  presses  built  one  upon  the  other  below  a  fixed  middle  platen. 
Both  could  be  controlled  independently  and  used  in  any  of 
the  following  three  ways: 

(a)  Bottom  press  for  clamping  purposes,  top  for  the  transfer 
movement;  an  independent  powder  pot  may  be  fixed  into 
the  middle  platen 

(b)  Top  press  for  clamping  purposes,  bottom  press  for  the 
transfer  movement 

(c)  The  press  may  be  used  as  a  conventional  double  daylight 
press 

Strength  of  Transfer  Moldings 

In  comparison  with  the  compression  method,  accuracy,  di- 
mensional stability  against  bow  and  warping  and  appearance 
are  improved  with  transfer  molding,  but  at  the  same  time  the 
influence  of  the  large  forces  exerted  upon  the  fibrous  fillers  appears 
to  be  detrimental  to  the  mechanical  strength  of  the  moldings. 
Recent  investigations  carried  out  on  medium  shock-resisting 
material  show  the  following  results  (comparative  figures): 

Impact  strength  of  standard  specimen 1. 

Specimen  cut  from  compression  molding 0.85 

Specimen  cut  from  transfer  molding 0.45 

It  is  obvious  from  these  comparative  figures  that  the  impact 
strength  of  the  compression  molding  specimen  is  nearly  double 
that  of  the  transfer  molding  specimen. 

Summary 

Recent  developments  in  the  plastics  industry  indicate  that  the 
transfer  method  of  molding  can  now  be  regarded  as  an  inde- 
pendent technique  capable  of  competing  economically  as  well  as 
technically  against  the  conventional  compression  method. 

It  is  true  that  many  problems  are  still  outstanding  and  further 
developments  in  methods,  tooling  and  machines  (presses)  will 
have  to  take  place  before  the  transfer  method  can  be  generally 
applied  to  mass  production  problems.  Nevertheless,  experiments 
conducted  at  present  with  a  continuous  molding  method  Get 
molding)  are  helping  in  the  establishment  of  the  transfer  method 
of  producing  moldings  by  revolutionizing  conventionalitech- 
niques.  END 


»  \  I 


Transfer  molding  press  of  two  separate  units 
built  one  upon  the  other  below  a  middle  platen 


CK 

PUSH-ONS" 


For  Lower  Costs . . .  Faster  Assemblies 

STALOCK  Puih  On  It  a  foiiener  lor  threadleii  iludi, 
rivtti  .  .  .  even  naili.  locks  with  a  puih  .  .  .  unlocks  with  a 
lift.  Plastics  and  meloli  (aliened  with  STAIOCK  ilay  locked. 
An  "all  around"  bit*  it  achieved  with  no  more  than  linger 
pressure.  As  tension  increases,  STAIOCK  digs  deeper.  In  ten- 
sion tests  a  3/16"  stud  has  supported  loads  up  to  1800  Ibs. 
Can  be  removed  with  only  o  "lift"  from  a  screwdriver.  Fast 
action   plus   positive  performance.  Mode   by  ADEl,  world's 
largest    manufacturers   of   line    support    clips   and    blocks. 
13.000   types    and    sizes.    Nearly    1/3    billion    in   service. 

STALOCK  nut  "aH  around  fatlMwrs  "  for  lhe*t  metal  KT.WI  wrpoM 
ilondordi  of  AAF  Spec.  No.  23533.  Exceed  vibration  raqviroraenh  by 
400%.  Saddle,  anchor  end  flat  types  and  a  wid.  variety  of  orh»r  typei 
and  diet.  For  •peciflcaNom  and  technical  data  write  Depl.  N-21OO. 


ADEl  Precision  Products  Corp. 

Burbonk,  Calif.    •  Huntinaton,  W.  Va. 


INJECTION 
MOLDED 


CHENYU 
Maka-Up 

Compact 

— nationally 

recogniied 

for   Its  unique   beauty. 


Specialists  in  Thermo-riostic  Injection  Molding. 
Send  your  specifications  for  ear  estimates.  No 
contract  too  larqc  for  our  facilities  and  "know 
how." 


THE   GROTELITE   CO.,   INC. 

BELLEVUE,    KENTUCKY 


"PIOHUKS  IN  PLASTICS' 


JUNE  194.-) 


PLAfiTK'fi 


137 


HCATMASTER 


ELECTRONIC    DIELECTRIC 
HEAT    GENERATOR 


5   KW  —  1 7,OOO  B.T.U.  Per  Hour  Output 


The  new  "Healmaster"  hat  its  "brains"  built  in  —  so  that  in  production  it  may  be  operated  safely  by 
unskilled  help.  Operation  is  truly  automatic  —  being  limited  to  the  insertion  and  removal  of  preforms  on 
any  designated  time  cycle. 

For  laboratory  work,  or  manual  operation,  its  advantages  are  equally  outstanding.  Owing  to  its  one  major 
control,  the  technician  is  enabled  to  concentrate  his  attention  on  the  •fleet  of  high  frequency  rather  than 
in  the  manipulation  of  electrical  controls  to  produce  a  desired  result. 

The  inclusion  of  fluorescent  lighting  in  the  electrode  cage  —  while  only  a  detail  —  illustrates  the  carefulness 
of  design.  The  use  of  new  long-life  radial  fin  tubes  cuts  down  operation  expense.  It  has  power  to  heat  a 
3.3  pound  preform  in  one  minute  —  5  pounds  in  90  seconds. 

For  plastics  or  for  general  purpose  use,  for  research  or  production,  the  THERMATRON  "Heatmaster"  with 
its  rugged  construction,  simplified  controls,  and  generous  power  represents  an  outstanding  development  in 
electronic  dielectric  heaters. 


All 


ratings  based  on   output 


Send   for   new   circular  describing   the   5   KW   "Healmaster"   and   other   models   in   the 
THERMATRON  LINE,  ranging  from  500  watts  to  30  KW  in  output.  Address  Desk  P-6 


iron  Division 


RADIO    III  <  Tl»  I  OH   C:OMPAXY,  Inc. 


WEST  1Mb  STREET 


Mi\V  YORK  I  I .  >.  V. 


nd  Monufacfuren  of  Atrwo/  and  Airporf  Radio  fquipmen* 

1922      IN      RADIO      AND      ELECTRONICS 


138.- 


PRINTED  IN  U.S.A. 

PLASTICS 


JUNE  1945 


FOR    CUSTOM     INJECTION    MOULDING 


TRY    THE    TRIO 


VaAtem  Jfyee&o* 

WORCESTER  MOULDED  PLASTICS  CO. 

14  HYGEIA  STREET,  WORCESTER  8. 


IT    fjit    <Jr,d    St..    Ne.    To»k    IT. 
Eipert   Office:    90   Sro.d   St.,    N«.    To 


UNDIVIDED 


/b  assume  complete  responsibility,  we  design 
and  build  all  of  our  dies,  make  and  plate  all 
insert$tfinish  macKine  to  emu  tolerance  and 
inspect  to  your  specifications. 
/Tie  result:  Pieces  ready  for  use  without 
additional  labor  on  your  part. 


IN    COMPRESSION,  INJECTION,    TRANSFER 
MOLDING    and    PRECISION     FABRICATION 


435     MIDDLENECK     RD.  GREAT    NECK,    N-Y. 

:      GREAT     NECK    -4O54  


w 


Date  Due