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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation
http://www.archive.org/details/practicalbuilderOOpain
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PROCESSED Bi
BARROW LAB
4fi5&. 19-7-2
LOT # U^ (o._
Wiiiujj, Cook.
THE
PRACTICAL BUILDER,
O R
WORKMAN'S GENERAL ASSISTANT:
Shewing the moll approved and eafy Methods for drawing and
working the whole or feparate Part of any BUILDING, as
The Ufe of the Tramel for Groins, Angle - Brackets, Niches, &c.
Semi-circular Arches on Flewing Jambs, the preparing and making their SOFFITS;
RULES of CARPENTRY;
To find the Length and Backing of Hips, ftrait or curved j Trusses for Roofs,
Domes, &c. TrufTmg of Girders, Sections of Floors, &c.
The Proportion of the Five Orders, in- their general and particular Parts, Gluing of Columns,
Stair-Cases with their ramp and tiviji Rails, fixing the Carriages, Newels, &c.
Frontifpieces, Chimney-Pieces, Ceilings, Cornices, Architraves, &c. in the newel! Tafte.
With Plans and Elevations of Gentlemens and Farm-Houfes, Yards, Barns, Esfc.
By WILLIAM PAIN, Architect and Joiner.
Engraved on Eighty-three PLATES.
LONDON: Printed for I. TAYLOR, at the BIBLE and CROWN, in
Holborn, near Cu ynory-Lane,
MDCCLXX1V.
NA
.Pi??
n 4 -a
TIMIIff
AUG 2 5 1961
STATE LIBMBY
PREFACE.
COnfidering the Number of Books on the Theory and Practice of
Architecture already publifhed, any further Effort to illuftrate and
familiarize this most noble Art, may feem fuperfluous and unneceffary;
in me efpecially, who, by two former Publications, endeavoured to ad-
vance the young Practitioner in the Knowledge of his Profeffion.
•t
But as Art is improving, greater Experience enables to difcern the truly
ufeful, and thereby to confirm or reject former Methods.
The very great Revolution (as I may fay) which of late has fo generally
prevailed in the Stile of Architecture, efpecially in the decorative and or-
namental Department, will evince the Neceflity and eminent Utility of this
Publication. That Tafte (fo confpicuous in our modern Buildings) which
is vainly fought in any other practical Treatife, the Workman will here
find illuftrated in a great Variety of ufeful and elegant Examples.
The Deficiencies and confined Plans of thofe Books now ufed by Work-
men, is another Inducement to collect together in one View, the moft eafy
and certain Rules to carry on the Building Art. Thefe are the Refult of Ex-
perience, and by the Author long ufed in conducting Bufmefs, who now
offers the Public a general practical Treatife, wherein his great Care has been
plainly and faithfully to anfwer the Purpofe of the manual Artificer : It is
not meant to inftruct the profened Artift, but to furnifh the Ignorant, the
Uninflructed, with fuch a comprehenfive Syftem of Practice, as may lay
a Foundation for their Improvement, and thereby enable them to execute
with Eafe and Precifion, the various Branches of the Profeffion.
THE
TABLE of CONTENTS.
Plate
NICHES, Elipfis, raifing
Perpendiculars,
Plate
21 —
ufe
how
the Tramel, and
make ditto, &c.
Plan and Section of Groins,
veneering Niches, &c.
Circular Arches in a circular
Wall, circle Arches, Soffits, cifV
Groins, Angle Brackets, Cir-
cular and flewing Soffits
Sections of Floors, Truffing
Roofs in Ledgment, Girders,
length and backing of Hips,
ftrait and curved Truffes for
Roofs, Domes, &c.
Mouldings, Ballafters, &c.
Inter Columnations
Proportions of the Orders, Pe-
deftals, &c.
Tufcan Frontifpiece, Bafe, Ca-
pital and Entablature
Doric ditto
Ditto Entablature at lirge
Ionic Frontifpiece, Bafe, Ca-
pital and Entablature
Ditto Entablature at large
]8 Modern Ionic Capitals and Vo-
lute at large
19 Gluing up ditto
20 Antique Ionic Capital
5 to 9
10
] 1
12
13
»4
>5
16
3 7
22
2 3
24
2 5
26
27
28 .
29 to 34
35 &36
37 t0 4 8
49
50
5 1
52 to 58
59 t0 61
62 to 65
66 to Ji
74 to 83
Corinthian Pedeftal and Bafe
at large
Corinthian Capital and com-
pofed ditto
Ditto Entablature
Antique Compofite Capital.
CompofiteCap & Entablature
Planceers of Corners
Gluing of Columns
Import
Frontifpieces with their Enta-
blatures, Moulding, &c.
Open Pediments and raking
Cornices
Chimney- Pieces with their
Moulding and Ornaments
Mouldings for Pictures and
Glafs frames
Ornaments for Frizes, Pillaf
ters, &c.
Cornices for Doors, Chim-
nies, &c.
Bales, Sub-bafcs, Architraves-
&c.
Cornices for Door- Caps, Chim-
ney-Caps, Rooms, &c.
Ceilings, Frets, Guiloches, &c.
Stair-Cafes
Gentlemens Houfes, Green-
houfes, Hot-houfes, Stab-
ling, Farm-houfes, &c.
A T 'A B L E for the Cutting of Timber for Building.
Bearing Poft. Beams or Ties.
Height.
If 8 Feet
— 16
9 Inch, fquare
10 by 9
11 12
14 — 15
16 — 18
Girder's Bearing.
If 10 Feet
— 14
— 16
— 18
— 20
— 24
— 3°
10 by 9 In.
ii — 10
12 — 11
12 — 13
13 — 14
1$ — . 14
15 — 16
16 — 18
Binding Joifts.
Bearing
6 Feet
8
12
Inches
6 by 4
7 — 4
8 - 4
10—5
Bridging Joifts.
Whofe Bearing fhould not exceed 5 Feet,
and Scantling not lefs than 6 by 4.
Common Joift.
Bearing
Inches
6 Feet
6 by 3
9
9 — 3
12
12—4
Length
1 2 Feet
16
20
3°
40
50
Inches
7 by 8
8 - 9
9 — 10
10 — 11
12 — 11
13 — 12
Small Rafters.
Bearing
Inches
8 Feet
5 by 3
10
7 — 3
12
8 -4
I Principal Rafters.
y
Length Bot m . Top. Thick.
o From 12 to 16 Feet 8 -r- 6 — 5
V From 16 to 20 9 — 7 — 6
£■ From 23 to 24 10 — 8 — 7
X From 24 to 30 12 — 10 — 9
v
Purlins from 8
by 5
to
.9 b )'
7
or
10
by
8.
Raifing Plates
jo by 8.
from
7
by 5
to
8
by
6,
01!
Ground-fills the fame as Raifine PLares.
«fr
To face PLATE I.
Figure A and B are rlbb'd Niches for Plaiftering.
TH E Plan a is a Semi-Elipfis on the tranfverfe Diameter, which is drawn with a
Tramel as reprefented in the Plan, which is to be made with a Grove at
Right Angles as in the Figure ; two Pieces to be morticed to flip on the Rod, and one
fixed at the End for a Pencil, &c. fix one of the Pieces equal-to half the Conjugate
Diameter, and the other to half the Tranfverfe Diameter, and moving the Rod with the
Pins in the Groves, the Pencil will defcribe the Semi-Elipfis.
To draw the Elipfis c to any given Length and Breadth, take half the Conjugate
Diameter a h and fet it on the Tranfverfe Diameter d c divide c a into three equal Parts,
and make c e equal to one of thofe Parts, and with the Radius f/bifedt g g. So the
Points ef and g g are the Centres for drawing the Elipfis to any Length and Breadth.
To draw the Elipfis d with a Line, take half the Tranfverfe Diameter b a and fet it
from c on the Conjugate Diameter to d on the Tranfverfe Diameter, and to e on ditto,
then e d are the Points to be fixed for the Line to go round, which will defcribe the E-
lipfis with the Point /.
To glue the Head of a Nich as Figure e t cut the Arch Part of the Board or Stave to
the Thicknefs of a Veneer, and bend it on a Templet, and back it to the Curve, it may
be jointed the fame as a Column, 6cc.
To defcribe a Polygon to a given Side from five to eight Sides, make a Radius of the
given Side for the Pentagon, divide the Arch into five Parts, turn one down on the
Line which is the Centre, to defcribe a Circle which will contain the Side five Times.
For a Hexagon, the Radius of the Side is the Centre.
The Heptagon into feven Parts and turn one up.
The Octagon into four and turn one up*
To raife a Perpendicular at the End or Middle of a Line. Defcribe the Arch c d,
and with the Radius a c make e f, which bifecTt at b> gives the Perpendicular to a.
To let fall a Perpendicular from a given Point to a Bafe Line. Figure G; let a be
the. Point given to fall to the Bafe Line b c, draw a right Line from a at pleafure to meet
the Bafe Line as at c, more or lefs ; divide the Line c a into two Parts, and draw the
Semi-Circle a b c, and where the Circle cuts the Bafe Line at b, which is at Right
Angles with a, which was to be done.
f V('cA&>,<:/c(t/</o//o,t C /><fr/}tc/<> ,y
FlateL
-d2ramel to JiOx a Sapnad err Tint ^-irch
<//((// t/t/ecixon (>/ 0>'<>t t/o * ////cc M//</ t i
/<•//<.> 8k.
Plate II
__ i.
Fier. F, is apian ofJVt'eh to he
fineered H, is the fineerfh'-ecch
outatlenafitfromfArchlk ''
~F, if y plan which y rdacs arc
traced frcmw/uch is plain
to Inspect, hut the more
parts it is divided into the
truer the Round, the plan is
in J parts but in practice it may be
irvto is parts or more at pit. s'ure .
-Fu/.A,isaT/an of a Cellar Ground Cn~& k C are die Sections- which
shew he w the htp is traced to ma/ee the Anale strcierht every plan
D asidE, are the eoverina or face of the Groins stretched our from
which a mould may bo made to mafce the hip orAnalo streiahtif [5_
the Rihs C, O.are set first k hoarded in the mouldmnstbe tahen /romE , but if
Che Arches in Sect&nB, be set first the mould must be taken from D .
Aio.H. is an + fitfi standhia on FieHine ihmihs in a Straight Ha/1
and supposed to be a far *.4rch at Stone or Mriei .
fliriae theFaund o/'tne ^Jrch in as many Tartr as are toiaves
fr tatap/eat the ^-b'ch and drop them to the WaMZirte. then
Z>r<m- than cross me WaS. fizrahe/itith the Ja/nhs. and
that shotrs funr much isto be Cictt of the Face of each
t curse.
Plate 111.
on tf l/n:u/ar fl a// .
Jiff. A. it a Gratlar Wa/lntiA
has a Door or Window that
stands Fietiauj. Because thejhmhs
do not stand at Jliaht ^Znales
irit/i the Jtiame/rr of 'the ti/r/c, as 1 ,
inJ'/auJf r /mdthe tiavcZihe
of the j'offit. in this Case drmv tne
find Line orSase Zinc of the
^4rck. e.pazjlight ^Jnales jiith
the Jamhs o.h to touch tne^frch
of the IVaS at a . atid Siaide the
j4rt& into eanal ' lattr and drop'
tJiem to thellaf/ then ta&ert'
tfe /Distances. h\p. S.cr. j.fo.e.
kc\ and p-itt diem enthe./rcfi
jftw/ulout. Gives the edge
ofthie Jo/ft.
To face PLATE IV.
Figure A is a Plan to be Groin'd.
"j A I V I D E the Bafe Line a of the given Rib into equal Parts, and
that of d into the fame Number of Parts, and draw Lines to the
Arch Line of a, and likewife in d at pleafure; then take i, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, &c. from a, and transfer them to d, as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, &c. and
thro' the Point 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 ; trace the Arch Line over d, and fo for the
Reft, as is plain to Infpection. The Angle Bracket is done in the fame
Manner.
To defcribe a Circular Soffit in a Circular Wall, as in B. Draw the
Cord Line of the Arch, or Bafe Line fo called, to touch the Arch of the
Wall, then draw the Semi-Circle and divide the Round of it in a Number
of equal Parts as here into 9, but the more Parts the truer the Work,
and draw them to the Arch of the Wall, then ftretch out the Arch Line at
Length as in e , and transfer the Parts that are between the Wall and Bafe
Line, as 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, &c. to e, which gives the Edge of the Soffit
or Pannel.
To defcribe a Circular Soffit in a ftrait Wall on flewing Jambs. Con-
tinue the flewing of the Wall till it meets at b, then fet the Compafles at
b, and draw two Arches to the Thicknefs of the Wall, then put on the
Girt of the Soffit c d, which gives the Length of the Soffit and Edge of ditto.
Plate W.
a
-JCbve
sS^
-V/ /
ML
-\^ j
LttrcCeK) isccwtt) Stc.
/■/<<.: V.
77u 'Dovetail to nave onelruA anJ Quarter \
. Dnvi an eadi <fule tfu .Beam* ^^^
27i£ Girder to be (m & cmelneh Camber in aoToot ice. nat>rit/Lrta7u&n<7 tba are ta beTnwjji
77u-2ru/i to be of^Zhy Oa/: about 4 jru/uit Sauare.to fatyeTronl'/a&r at&elZndf irJIeetzn^s .
Tr u/j L I'artifom
■ ; . - . -
A'ote.^JSI'ioors that toe nwre
zAan a Jvot in. Dyth
fhaubJ be Uridged
nz2n.tkree<7oij6rin ttteinOroal benvem the Jtitu&njj fra7na ' buo oie
Gi> -ders tfosame trar ivM£m/&ia^ s <^^Ja£r£r but notso De&> at ditto
as a.b.c. %**: ■
Tfase jorToff&ors
not to demote tnan a
JfyatinBeptn.
Curb JLoof.
I
To face PLATE VI.
Figure A* Plan and Ledgment of a Roof, fhewing how to
find the Length and Backing of Hips, Valley, &c.
* | "*0 find the Length, take the Bafe Line of the Hips ab, be, and
j[ be, and fet them on the Bafe Line of the principal Rafters, as
b a, b c, b e, and draw Lines from the Top of the Rafter to a c e, which
is the Length of each Hip. Or the Length may be found by fetting up
"the Perpendicular from the Bafe Line of the Hips, as b g, and draw the
Line g a, is the Length of the Hip. To Back the Hip, lay down the
Thicknefs of the Hip at the Angle of the Plan, as H, and draw Lines to
range the Plates, will fhew how much Wood is to come off in the Backing ;
that is, the Mould mull be a Piece of Wood as thick as the intended
Hip, and cut it to the Splay or Pitch of the Hip at the Foot, fetting it
on the Angle of the Plate in the Direction of the Hip, mark it under by
the Side of the Plate ; gives the true Backing in any Cafe required. A
"very lure and fafe Way for the Backing.
Figure B is the Plan of an M Roof, with Hip and Valley
in Ledgment, &c.
Note, The Back of the Hip is found another Way, as in the Plan A.
by drawing a Line at Right Angles, crofs the Bafe Line of the
Hip, as r d g, or on any Part of the Bafe Line, and fet one Foot
of the Compafs at d, and extend to the nearefl Part of the Hip
g a, and turn it on the Bafe Line, as at r, then draw the Lines
from the Point r to g r, on the Edge of the Plate, which is the
Backing of the Hip required. This will do in any Cafe, fquare
or bevel.
<■ //tUI (>/ /«/<//// f /I t o/t/uwAj
PlateVL.
..v>6
c D$'i*e c/yf A/-,///
I S/'///. k:> /< v ■ /// >><>/.> .
r/,,r, vi i
,;^^//^.v.
Plate VU1.
4 3 2
TAe manner af/rndaia tne Zenadi and Sacking or* (itrve Zme flips in ant Case required .
Suppose the Potation. /Van A.fr £>e Zfocf3 u7tA the tunareversa R . 07- the tancaz/e Car the
tanaea'D. in the Plan. Divide tAe Bare Zme of the pwm J?3 info anr mtmAa- ofeaua/Jarts tind
drtnr Zintv /hwi those pans on tAe Ztase Zine ta tAe &ze£ 0f~tAeZfafier,ap. id. ef' a A . i/£, /m. and
off tAe others as jz, 2%, 3 3. and so on.TAm tAe -Base Zme o?~tAe Zhps mnsr 3b dunded mm the same
numher of Parts and Law Swrrt up at Pleasure as ab.cd ke flam tAe JBase Zme of 'tAeZAps, then
take tAe several ' SewAts of* tAe amen JiiAj and set tAem on theZhp Zmes. tAen ^iw tAem threap A $afe
fcmtir Idfh.km.no tAat in'// aive die Gave or £dffe of the flip and the same /or off tAe others
and for tAe Jtae/dns? ay^ tAe said flips tAerr is a Plan <f the ZBp at die ^4nple ofthe Z¥an K.nAieA
sherrs Aoji' Tiweh Jfood is to fie Gdt tnf ' auh side oftAeJhp. Z/ivuie tAe Z > erpmdiadar fletpAt ofthe
Sips attv am number of etpuat Farts . and dnat Zdus IfoaBd m'tA tAe JfaseZmer of the flip .Then fait
tAe Z)istanee from tAe f/an of the 2hp to tAe Sale of the Plan A. as 1 2 and put tAem an the
ZBps,asi2,7 2, &¥•. nhieh gives fte true Haefana in arp Case napdred .IVete when me parts are
Set en at Mot&m, and Top of the flip the HJeuul may be shifted and markJd which she-u-s the
Tt^ood ev come aff*.
To face F LATE IX.
Truffes for the Domes of Churches, S£?c*
Is a Trufs for a Dome, with a Lanthorn or Cupola at the Top,.
to give Light. B. the Plan ; the Kirb or Plate to be in two*
Thickneffes, which is likewife beft for the Ribs, and for the Kirb on
which the Cupola ftands. The Curve of the Dome A. is a Semi-circle,.
or will ferve for a Semi-elipfis. The Moulds f and c in the Plan B,.
cut the Sweep of the Purlines ; and the Moulds b a and c d are for
the Top and Bottom of the Purlines. C. is a Cone or Lanthorn to light
a Stair- Cafe, &c. the horizontal Bars mull be fquared in the fame Man-
ner as the Purlines in A. The Mould for cutting or fquaring the Pur-
lines, is like the bottom Mould f in B. fo that if the Purlines be cut to<
the Thicknefs required as in the Section A, and alfo to the Mould/, then
a is the Mould for the Bottom and b for the Top, as appears by the Lines
let fall to the Plan B from the Purlines g and h ; then C in the Plan is the
Top and d the bottom Mould. / is the fweep Mould for the Top of the
Purline h. By this Rule the Purlines may be fquared, which completes
the Work. If the Plan B, the Ribs and Purlines are in Size and Number,
as the Cone C, it will do for a Lanthorn or Light to a Stair-Cafe, &c
the Manner of fquaring the Ribs and Crofs Bars is the fame as the Dome..
r/r/f /.)(.> wrtne Icm/D <>/ {////7r//<jSc.
PlateJX.
/(<>///<'////</.>, 1 /<)<////.>//'((</&) fyt
Plate X.
i L__
Plate XI
Thtfe. XH
{cjzh/tian Chrler*
L Sji
mj
J^erxc Order
fc^
^
^F 7
Tujam. Older
ffil
.J^
ftmic Pedestal
i_ »G
.. 7^
&
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!./
^
,st*l r
t
L__^
<»
1
ta
M
1
1.
K
<*>
i a
I
* ^
i
V
*i
L~
Tuscan Jfafesta/
;f
<** i
&
■^
^
°\
*
/'.'./, MIL
A Scale of one Module ■
J 10 . ixi 20 4°
JJirulc tAc jiven Module iruojepar/ir ami one of ' tfuwc purer ina J gives l/w J/rnures .
fiase
90m,
%
Mate XIV.
m 7.',
* libit a m
?r r i part ; iroot tn
07-? Dumicterj
'^theiblum/i
- - -SFaC fi Indies or 0/)iamelav of die Column. -•
rfyt S Alter orfDianuter, oftAe Chiunri- - -
55
&
i.ifp'ji '.'?<-%rs
The Deru* fiuje , Cap and Entablature
riale W-
' 1 l /VA'AA'AA
_L_ii_
c^heuvt <rf tint ,y, ,///>/ en t
■ it/ --lit/UK' .
A
M !
M
/
T /WWV\ ]t
Plate JOJ.
tifest gJnck&p ergDiametfrsofiAetbbimfi
.,..**»~ r ,—- , T .-,
PlaaWII.
fy/u~ , Jn/tc r'/t/a//t7////'t- wU&fiar&of oie /t><//ms?/f aS^/a/*,/?.
v^
ivatejynr
Plate XIX.
TAe Jjcdr of the Cap with
du .. Jloiddzkffs worked
before dielzornj- are
Glued on .
iDianieter' 30 mznutes
X
T
Plate JGC.
Flare MI.
Place XXU.
jo mmiit&r
l/JiarrHZW
s-i — i -• t-H--- —
'P'.f'i \6} 4 ^ 20' 4 j *%.
fhuXXIlL
~- -^
—
IP
\ J
<• 1
&
K
^
.;
& i
SS-
i
v
K
*■•
^
.■iuu/i .Base a Date.
FlateXXUE
S ic za 30
The Jj-fpor/ienj 0/ 't'cmpesue TntaMaOire are
ihe jasile as the Ce/i/uhiaet .
K /j/lv</,-i>i ( '(>)u/i, ( >.j;> ('<t/u/<i/ ,r//,/ S ///<t/-/<i(trt<- ; % TltUeXXV.
may he lured wicA the Attif Base
Plate XXVI.
J%an&er ofzfe Gmnzftia7i Girmce atan£aZB7urf single ■ Tlarweer- oftfielom'c Grrnice or cut /:.>7,v //,?/. ///,//•
Kl
(//t/rttttr o/ (am
Plate XXVII,
6_
This tohmm MmmiAit fiom one third o/'the Neiaht.
i
s„
'#
The manner of Ghezng up tahanns $-• Dumnirhinq them
This ioiuom /Jimims/uv /rem thcjietfom to the lop
!I7utl tbha/ms are /luted dpide die Hound or thnaonfirence inco poparts give three to aflute
andone to afi&t.
/>mcaush the Stapes of die iblumris on the Faces he/ore thep are Glued together, ch£r
is a oerr safe and jure war for making the tbtumn.
JI7wn /Hosiers a/v Mded tiiriae the Breadth, orJMamaer into ?apar£r give one to a
f'idel a/ id th/ee to a Flute.
\sinJvotrt$ for*. Y?e///./ ,\,r .
Plate xxvnr
fe<
M
zzq.
uSur
7-
f
r
r
^&3
* i?"
|*
I*
■I 1
I!
If
ft
It
1 a
m
syt^ytis^^m
HH
>*MKf*J
§■ is
'■>,
" ^^m^m^z
/ J /«*3XZX.
Entablature for DoorslKndcws ice.
arith all the-Mcaniref figured f . f&rDuetice atltnye.
rtrth-xxL.
OOJit,
1
4
i
I
UUUUUULlW A
3./: 2. era f. i in
< //vw/V. >/ifrrr.J fbr~2)€Wi
Plate XXXI.
"i',ir</J/,t /w_/(W ( </.>,:> .
JYa/.XlW.
Ph'itffi under
An-Atiiii\'t' <vid
Grew ids.
JlnhXWLir.
Plan XXXIV.
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Plate XXXVI.
Uajfofa Confound open TedwierU
(fk&n ^/ca/m€n£
77te Gwutnutum rfftthrig and /teturnd
MauUint/.c,uiJ'aunurtti trie uppa ' J'art Jig. A .
return J Jtrpauiailar an J /A* loner /art nturru
Squared trie Aid af'trie JU&rrient. trie terriers
are atJiufrit Cruller M& tAefieneetum tall
Jjv/a&iur aMe, a 6, i a &• fa ■
Plate JXWI. I
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Plate XL.
Plato XH.
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FlaCeXLVI.
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Plate XLVJT.
-
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4- er 4'i injji&r into 2 i/raitr
I cr ft in.meo 3fpartr
» '/i/ni/d/'iiaj fvi^J^H>K<n<j {//a/j or &tc£ua<e/*j6'a0?tiej
PlateXLlX.
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Flate LH.
a JncA&r y i trU<? jfffafKr
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Flat* LV.
' /ia.jr.J <& J///' rn.ifj for &icnmu).
Flaw LYl
£
lb
FlaicLVE
^-frckU/urer /o?~J)ocrj- Jr/sutvws iecal large.
/?</// f/vr /'<;> for— J (><>/:> / 1 / //s/<>/r,i <%>
Piatt LIX.
36 parts
3 z part?
Plate LX.
J 8 parts
?Uu LX1.
jo'parlt
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FlaA- LXV.
f.-3
Plate LXVIi.
fJeVtULtm. of^a Bracket Jiaas
m out Zoiej .
riauLXW.
To face PLATE LXIX.
To draw the Plan and Scroll of a twift Rail for a Stair-Cafe.
RAW a Circle equal to the Breadth of two Steps, and divide it into
eight Parts, then draw a Circle round the Centre five Inches Diameter,
2,3, then draw the Line e,f, and fet one Foot of the Compafs at e,
and draw the Arch Line 7, o, which muft be divided into eight Parts, and
draw Lines from e, thro' each eighth Part to the Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &c.
then fet the Compafs in the Centre of the Scroll, and draw the dotted Lines
from 1 on the Scale to 1 on the Edge of the Rail, and fro m 2 to 2 on the
Edge of the Rail, and fo for all the Reft to each eighth Part of the Circle,
which gives the outer Edge of the Rail.
To find the Centre for drawing each eighth Part, fet one Foot of the
Compafs in the Centre of the Scroll, and take the Diftance to /, with the
fame Radius ; fet the Foot at e, and make a Mark at c, and with the fame
Radius fet one Foot at 1 on the Edge of the Rail, and bifect the former
Stroke at c, which is the Centre for the firft eighth Part, then take from
the Centre of the Scroll to 1 on the Scale, and fet one Foot at 1 on the
Edge of the Rail, make a Mark in the Eye and move^the Compafs to 2 on
on the Edge of the Rail, and bifecl: the former Stroke, that is the Centre
for the fecond eighth Part, and fo on for all the Reft. The Centre for the
Front of Rifer and Nofing of Step are the black Dots, one fifth Part from
the Rail to the Nofing of the Step without the other Centre ; the Pieces
which make the twift Part of the Rail are d, e, b, on the raking Mould
the Twift begins at a on the Edge of the Rail, and Ends at three on ditto,
the remaining Part is level ; the lower Part of the Scroll from 2 is cut out
of a Parallel Piece, as reprefented by g on the Newei, &c.
FlateLHX
// l/li/l.
9
Malt LXff.
Plan LXM.
J'/a/.LXV/f.
7'mc Items fm- Starr (ases.
To (stop ig> tMr Band Rail in the Ch-m/ar
maAv a Thny/et to theJ'/an as ad> and a
&se and Tiead cfthe Stips oti the 7'emp/e,
irifltjire t/ie /a/ana of the Tni.it , theAam
traced br the interseetion of 'Jtiakt ZineJ
' 'as c.d.
U'Y<»iA i/tt'ttCotto/if ( ttttt/tt r<\ f >,;,/. //„,r Ctt.it. FlaXUM,
To be lighted by a Denis or Cone Lanthom at the top>,ifplace*lin the middle of
a BuildinaTfon the outside map be lighted by Windows in the (Vail at each landing ■
To make the Sand-rail make a Templet or Cylinder Co the .wil hole or ojren o/'ihe
Rail, , dnw die arati '.tk rise o/'eae/i Step on die Cylinder, arid d/at will oivc the /idltna
of' the Rail which is to be aleirod in thicknc/s bent round die Cylinder, then the
Rail will come off ready squared, this is a very sure way to make the Rod .
rial, lxxf.
<s
Y VT|
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Iffl " tv
Plau LSm.
t' //(!/( <///(/(/<!"////<>// o/ a //(////('///////It (yfsuMe.
Pleat LXXVfL
r/'/a// 3 t f/rrrf//>// of a {/r//nr///<7/t.> Jfof/.)r .
-_-■_—„„ mdk^ in — — ..i — .- — ~ — —i -m-«mLi«. »n-m-»namiiJitallMOmjiiiJ«BUm glMnil
I ^ ■■ ■ B I
JfoteLXXl'/U
^
^NU
F/,it<- LXXK
dm, pin.
I
Place LXHS.
yP^TO
Vp^
xplift
\|Sffi
T/vo I*lans,£lcPiitum<f and Setfum*r far Stoves &r Hat tfeu/es
fbrJ$n&f,J?7ei 2hes, Sirmr&ertTJ' &t\
Thed&n and Jecturn A if for /hut Trees
7heJuzn h,/er fines , th&T/eny m tAisTlm run one- over- another as mm' &e seen in in*
ifecuen. There are Tire TYac&r at eaeh* £nd and a ffiu%' a/t round .
T%& ITews in theTVanK, /tun en the ifurface and are sznp/e TZen-.f.
TheFnmtfiwf and End? tda/s, as the £/eratum of the T&m A.
Z7u>Wtdth of eaeA \ House is j fTtet the Zenith at ■ /feature /rv7n 40 tit $/>/feet. ornwn ' at pleasure .
Plate LMK1
./tits/ 3 //.■ra/ir/, ,y 'a i W^t - >tf,/yv/, , //«/■/<■, ,<' ,-. l'(ot<LXXML.
'%// •: £ '/rttifton /# ■ tectum <v: or&£hUmrA&uM /,)« i //.>,, $aM&t&c, "
BOOKS printed for and fold by LTJTLO R.
I t ■ *HE Carpenter's Treafure ; a Collection of Defigns for Temples, with their Plans, Gates,
Doors, Rails, and Bridges, in the Gothic Tafte ; with the Centres at large, for ftriking
Gothic Curves and Mouldings j and fome Specimens of Rails, in the Chinefe Tafte : Forming a
complete Syftem for rural Decorations. Neatly engraved on fixteen Plates, from the original
Drawings of N. W A L L I S, Architea 2s. 6d.
2. A Book of Ornaments in the Palmyrene Tafte, containing upwards of fixty new Defigns
for Ceilings, Pannels, Pateras, and Mouldings : with the Raffle Leaves at large : By N. WA Jfe.-
L I S, Architect, elegantly engraved on 1 2 Plates. 4s. 6d. fewed.
3. The Compleat Modern Joiner, or a Collection of original Deligns in the prefent Tafte, for
ChimneyPieces and Door-Cafes, with their Mouldings and Enrichments at large ; Frizes, Ta-
blets, Ornaments for Pilafters, Bafes, Sub-bafes and Cornices for Rooms, &c. with a Table (hewing
the Proportion of Chimnies, with their Entablatures, to Rooms of any Size. By N. WALLIS,
Architect. 8s. fewed, bound 10s.
Note, Both the above Books few'd in one, 12s. or 14s. bound.
4. A new Book of Ornaments, defigned by T. L AW S, Carver. 2s. fewed.
5. A new Book of Foliage, on ten Plates, for the Ufe of Learners, &c. By H. Gerrard. 2s. fd.
6. The Gentleman and Tradefman's Compleat Afiiftant, or the whole Art of Mealuring and Ef-
timating maoe Eafy ; containing the Names and Prices of all Artificers Work in general, re-
lating to Building, viz. Bricklayers, Carpenters, Joiners, Carvers, Plaifterers, Painters, Pa-
vio'urs, Smiths, C5V. 3s. 6d. fewed, 4s. 6d. bound.
7. LANGLEY's Builder's Cheft-Book, or Key to the Five Orders of Architecture. Se-
cond Edition, much improv'd. 3s. bound.
8. Fourteen Vafes from the Antique. 2s. fewed.
9. The Builder's Jewel. By B. LANGLEY. 4s. 6d. bound.
10. The Builder's Director, or Bench-Mate ; on 184 Plates. 4*. bound.
11. HOPPUS's Practical Meafurer, greatly enlarged and improved, 2S. 6d. bound.
12. The Modern Gardener, or Universal Kallender ; containing monthly Directions for all the
Operations of Gardening ; to be done either in the Kitchen, Fruit, Flower, or Pleafure Gardens :
Illuftrated with 13 Plates, neatly engraved, of entire new Plans for Stoves, Green-houfes, &c. By
JAMES MEADE R, late Gardener to the Earl of Chesterfield. 4s. fewed, 5s. bd.
13. Tr>e Stove-Grate Maker's Afliftant, or a Treafury of Original and Faihionable Defigns,
for Bath-S'oves, Penfylvania-Stoves, fingle and double Standard Grates, Frets, &c. By W.
G L O S S O P, Stove-Grate Maker. Elegantly engraved on 24 Plates. 5s. fewed.
14. The Plan and Elevation (on two large Sheets) of that grand Structure Mafra, near LiJ-
bon, the Palace of the King of Portugal, Price 6s.
j 5. A large Print of Shoreditch-Cbuvch. 3s.
16. A Print of Greenwich Church, is.
17. Health, an Efiay on its Nature, Value, Uncertainty, Prefervation and beft Improvement.
By B. G R O S V E N O R, D. D. 2s. 6d. bound.
18. Le Beau's Compendious French Teacher ; to which are added, thirty-eight Letters of Com-
merce, in French, as Models to thole who would chufe to form themfelves to the ufeful Style
of Epiftolatory Correfpondence. 2s. bound.
BUrEORClRCULAI&tt
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